Maa Dictionary: Maasai (IlKeekonyokie, IlPurko, IlWuasinkishu) and Samburu

Citation preview

Maa Dictionary Maasai (IlKeekonyokie, IlPurko, IlWuasinkishu) and Samburu

Doris L. Payne & Leonard Ole-Kotikash

August 2005, 2008 (c) Doris L. Payne & Leonard Ole-Kotikash

The Maasai (Maa) Language © Doris L. Payne 2008 The following links lead to a brief description of the Maa language. The Maa language or language group has several varieties, all known as "Maa". It is spoken by approximately 500,000 Maasai, Samburu, Camus in Kenya, and about 500,000 Arusa, Kisonko and IlParakuyo people in Tanzania. The variety described in the following pages corresponds to southern Kenyan Maasai.

1. Introduction: The Maa Language vs. Maasai Ethnicity 2. The Nilo-Saharan Language Family (Historical Linguistics) 3. The Sounds of Maa (Phonology) 4. Maa Vowels (or, "What do Tongue Root Contrasts Sound Like?") 5. Maa Words (Morphology) 6. Maa morphology puzzle (Gender) 7. Maa Sentences (Syntax) 8. Semantic Domains: Color Terms 9. Language Change and Borrowings

for links to information on Linguistics and the University of Oregon. Selected References for fuller information on the Maa language. Return to Maasai Language Project Selected References Bender, M. Lionel. 1995. Nilo-Saharan. Paper presented at the Sixth Nilo-Saharan Conference, Santa Monica, California. Brenzinger, Matthias. 1992. Lexical retention in language shift: Yaaku/Mukogodo-Maasai and Elmolo/Elmolo-Samburu. In Matthias Brenzinger (ed.) Language Death: Factual and Theoretical Explorations with Special Reference to East Africa, 213-254. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Dimmendaal, Gerrit. 1992. Reduction in Kore reconsidered. In Matthias Brenzinger (ed.) Language Death: Factual and Theoretical Explorations with Special Reference to East Africa, 117-135. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Greenberg, Joseph. 1963. The Languages of Africa. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Hamaya, Mitsuyo. 1993. Maasai Auxiliaries and Infinitival Constructions. University of Oregon Masters Thesis. Heine, Bernd. 1981. Lorkoti Dorobo, a Maasai dialect. In I. Hofmann (ed.), Festschrift zum 60 Geburtstag von P. Anton Vorbichleri, 31-46. (Veröffentlichungen der Institute für Afrikanistik und Agyptologie der Universität Wien 14.) Wien: Beiträge zur Afrikanistik. Heine, Bernd and Matthias Brenzinger. 1988. Notes on the mukogodo dialect of Maasai (Kenya). Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere 14.97-131. Heine, Bernd and Ulrike Claudi. 1986. On the Rise of Grammatical Categories: Some Examples from Maa. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag. Levergood, Barbara. 1987. Topics in Arusa Phonology and Morphology. University of Texas at Austin Ph.D. dissertatin. Mol, Fr. Frans. 1972. Maa: A Dictionary of the Maasai Language and Folklore, English-Maasai. Nairobi: Marketing and Publishing Ltd. Mol, Fr. Frans. 1996. Maasai Language and Culture Dictionary. Lemek, Kenya: Maasai Centre Lemek. Payne, Doris. 1997. The Maasai External Possessor construction. Essays on Language Function and Language Type, ed. by Joan Bybee, John Haiman and Sandra Thompson, 395-422. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Payne, Doris. 1998. Maasai gender in typological perspective. Studies in African Linguistics 27.159-175. Payne, Doris, Mitsuyo Hamaya and Peter Jacobs. 1994. Active, passive, and inverse in Maasai. Voice and Inversion, ed. by T. Givón, 283-315. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Tucker, A. N. and J. tompo Ole Mpaayei. 1955. A Maasai Grammar with Vocabulary. London: Longmans, Green and Company. Vossen, Rainer. 1988. Towards a Comparative Study of the Maa Dialects of Kenya and Tanzania. (Nilo-Saharan 2.) Hamburg: Helmut Buske. Wallace, B. F. 1981. The morphophonemics of the Maasai verb. Nilo-Saharan: Proceedings of the First Nilo-Saharan Linguistics Colloquium, Leiden, September 8-10, 1980. Ed. by Thilo Schedeberg and M. Lionel Bender, 75-88. Dordrecht: Foris. Winter, J. C. 1979. Language shift among the Aasáx, a hunter-gratherer tribe in Tanzania. Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika 1:175-204. This page written by Doris L. Payne. Last updated August 2008

1. Introduction: The Maa Language vs. Maasai Ethnicity In many cases, a language is a badge of identify for a specific ethnicity. Ethnic groups that are genetically related in the biological sense often speak language varieties that are "genetically related" in a linguistic sense. Nevertheless, we must scientifically distinguish ethnic group from language group or LANGUAGE FAMILY. To illustrate the difference, consider that there are ethnically-distinct Italians, Jews, Germans, Anglo-Saxons, South Africans, Hausas, and so on, who all claim the English language as their first and primary language. English belongs to the GERMANIC LANGUAGE FAMILY. Close "language relatives" of English include German, Dutch, Norwegian, Frisian and Afrikaans -- but not Hebrew or Hausa. Italian is a very distant language-relative to English, belonging to the ROMANCE LANGUAGE FAMILY. Germanic and Romance both belong to the INDO-EUROPEAN FAMILY. But Hebrew and Hausa ultimately belong to the Afro-Asiatic family, which has no established connection whatsoever to IndoEuropean. The languge of the MAASAI, SAMBURU, and CAMUS peoples is often referred to as Maa. Together, these three political-tribal groups may be referred to as the Maa people, because for the most part they are ethnically related in the biological genetic sense. However, scholars working from oral histories and language data have argued that modern Maa is spoken as the first language not only by ethnic Maa peoples, but also by members of distinct ethnic groups (principally, some hunter-gatherer or dorobo, groups), which, over time, have assimilated to the Maa culture and language. How would this situation come about? To understand this, click on the thumbnail map and observe the colors which represent various indigenous languages spoken in Kenya. Those in various shades of green belong to the AFRO-ASIATIC FAMILY. Those in shades of blue are from the NIGER-CONGO (and Bantu) family. Those in shades of pink and red belong to the NILOSAHARAN LANGUAGE FAMILY. As can be seen, the different major families run right into each other, and overlap with each other. Thus, individuals are accustomed to having to speak with people from different first languages -- and eventually may completely switch languages for one reason or another. For one example, during the 1800s the Aasáx were a CUSHITIC-speaking hunter-gatherer group in Tanzania. Cushitic languages belong to the larger Afro-Asiatic language family. J.C. Winter (1979) has traced the role of widespread Aasáx-Maa bilingualism, epidemic diseases, German colonial policies, and inter-ethnic economic and power relations which, by the early 1900s, precipitated the Aasáx people's complete shift to using the Maa language. The Aasáx language completely disappeared by 1976 when its last remaining speaker died. But this process of language shift does not necessarily mean that people of Aasáx ethnic identity have ceased to exist. For another example, there are several different hunter-gathering groups in the Samburu region of Kenya. These groups may well be biologically-genetically distinct from most Nilotic people (Bernd Heine (1981; also Heine and Brenzinger 1988). Formerly, they werealso first-language speakers of distinct Cushitic and Southern Nilotic languages. However, Samburu Maa has now become their primary language. Conversely, there are ethnic Maa people who have either been forced out, or emigrated culturally or geographically, from ancestral Maa life. As a result, the first language of the modern generation is no longer Maa. In particular, linguists Rainer Vossen (1988), Bernd Heine and Gerrit Dimmendaal (1992) have studied the oral history and language of the Kore people located on the Kenyan coast and Lamu island. The Kore are ancestrally a Maa group, perhaps connected to the L-Aikipiak Maasai northwest of Mount Kenya. The Kore/Il-Aikipiak were apparently defeated by the Purko Maasai around the 1870s. They were subsequently taken prisoner by Somali people to work as slaves or clients, and later freed by British colonial forces. They then migrated to Lamu to develop a livelihood from farming and fishing, as they had lost all their cattle (which they may have regained earlier through raiding). As a result of all of this, Somali (from the Afro-Asiatic family) is now their first language, but they also use Swahili (from the NIGER-CONGO FAMILY)as a lingua franca. However, the Kore largely maintain their distinct ethnic identity, separate from the Somalis. Back to top Back to The Maasai Language

This page written by Doris L. Payne. Last updated August 2008.

2. The Nilo-Saharan Language Family (The Maa Language and its Historical Connections) 2.1 Language Families of the African Continent Linguists and anthropologists agree that, prior to the colonial era, the African continent was peopled by speakers from four major language families. This was argued most clearly by linguist Joseph Greenberg in the late 1950's, as he examined data collected by numerous scholars and explorers from the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries (Greenberg 1963). Just as there is no known linguistic connection between Afro-Asiatic and Indo-European, so there are no known linguistic connections between these four families.

Afro-Asiatic Niger-Congo

is found across the northern part of the continent (and also extends into the Middle East).

spreads from the western part of the continent (where the "parent" language called Proto-Niger-Congo was likely centered), across the central and to the southern parts of the continent.

Khoisan

is localized in the south, though it previously extended much farther east across the continent (and even now one or two languages are found as far

north as Tanzania).

Nilo-Saharan extends along the southern reaches of the Nile River, along the Great Rift Valley, as far south as modern Tanzania, and westward into Congo (formerly Zaire). In addition, the

Austronesian language Malagasy is spoken on the island of Madagasgar. The approximate modern locations of the four original language families, across the continent of Africa, are indicated by color in Figure 1. Since the colonial era, European languages like French, Portuguese, Spanish, German, English, and Afrikaans are also found on the African continent.

2.2 The Maa Language within the Nilo-Saharan Family Within Nilo-Sarahan is found the Nilotic sub-family. (The relationship between Nilo-Saharan and Nilotic might be roughly comparable to the relationship between Indo-European and West Germanic; the latter being comprised of English, Frisian, Flemish, Dutch and Afrikaans.) It is within the Nilotic family that we ultimately locate the Maa language. Linguist Rainer Vossen distinguishes three sub-branches within the Nilotic family. These have been designated "Southern," "Western," and "Eastern." (The labels refer to linguistic groupings, and not primarily to geographical distribution.) Some Western Nilotic languages include Shilluk, Acholi, Dinka, Dholuo and Lango. Some Southern Nilotic languages include Datoga, Pakot, Endo, Saboat, and Nandi. (The term "Kalenjin" is commonly applied to some of these languages, though this term is more political or geographical, than linguistic.) Vossen, Heine, Dimendaal, and others have suggested that Eastern Nilotic contains the languages in Figure 2, in the indicated groupings. As seen in Figure 2, the Maa language has internal sub-divisions. At this level, the sub-divisions are referred to as dialects, because while Maa speakers themselves are aware of, and react to, the differences as marking speakers from different houses (very large clan groupings) or areas, the speech varieties are mutually intelligible. North Maa is said to include the speech varieties of the IlSampur and IlCamus houses. South Maa is said to include the varieties spoken by the IlArusa, IlMoitanik, Isiria, IlWuasinkishu, IlPurko, IlKeekonyokie, IlDamat, IlOitai, Isikirari, IlOodokilani, IlDalalekutuk, IlDamat, IlKaputiei, IlMatapato, IlKisonko, and perhaps others (Vossen 1988). Linguistically, some of these are extremely close, though even within these subdivisions the lexicon of speakers from one village to another may vary slightly. There are other subdialects of South Maa that do not necessarily correspond to Maa ethnic distinctions, as is the case of Mukojodo Maa. In this description we cannot explore differences between the dialects in much detail, other than to note that there are differences, ranging from pronunciation, to lexical items, to various syntactic rules. In conjunction with the Maasai Cultural Center, a dictionary project is underway which will include lexical information about dialect variation. In the remainder of this description we look at some major facets of the Maa language, which make it "be" Maa, as opposed to, say, Swahili, Luo or English. Numerous scholars have studied the Maa language, but the classic linguistic foundation remains the work of Archibald N. Tucker and John Tompo Ole Mpaayei, A Maasai Grammar with Vocabulary, published in 1955 by Longmans, Green and Company of London. Back to top Back to The Maasai Language This page written by Doris L. Payne. Last updated August 2008.

3. The Sounds of Maasai (Phonology) Perhaps the most obvious aspect of any language is its sound structure, known by linguists as its PHONOLOGY (phon = 'sound'; ology = 'study of'). Nilotic languages have completely distinct sound systems from Swahili (a Bantu language, ultimately connected to the Niger-Congo family), and from all Indo-European languages. Thus, writing systems developed to represent the sounds of Latin or Swahili do not always fare so well in representing Nilotic words. Three salient aspects of the Maa sound system are its consonants, its vowels, and its tone.

Consonants The Maa language has about 25 consonant sounds, written as p, b, t, d, k, g, mb, nd, nj, ng, s, sh, c, j, m, n, ny, ŋ, l, r, rr, y, yy (yi), w, and ww (wu). Dialects may differ in what consonant sounds they have. Thus, Barbara Levergood (1987) describes Arusa Maa as lacking c and p; but instead having voiceless and voiced bilabial fricatives (sounds which are made by blowing through the lips almost as if one were saying p or b). One must be careful not to assume that letters on paper necessarily represent the same sounds for all languages. The Maa sounds written as b, d, j, g, mb, nd, nj, and ng are IMPLOSIVE, meaning that they are pronounced while the speaker draws air into the mouth. All the others are EXPLOSIVE, meaning that air travels out of the mouth while the sound is made. (By far, most language sounds around the world are explosive). For Maa, explosive sounds include those written as p, t, c, k, though to speakers of other languages, when these sounds occur after a nasal sound or between two vowels, one might be tempted to "hear" them like English 'b", "d", "j" and "g," thus perhaps mis-writing en-gitojó for 'hare' (instead of correct en-kitojó; IlWuasinkishu en-kitejó). The sound written as ŋ, as in eŋûês 'wild animal,' corresponds to the sound written as ng' in Swahili or ng in English singer (but not the ng of English finger, nor to the sound written as ng in Swahili). The rr is produced by trilling the tip of the tongue against the top of the mouth (like the rr of Spanish). What are represented as ww (often represented by wu in practical writing) and yy (yi) can be described phonetically as "strong" or "fortis", more tightly-articulated versions of the more gently-articulated sounds w and y. In Maa, these are clearly distinct sounds, which native speakers use to distinguish words. Compare: éyyáya (éyíáya) éyá

'He/she will go searching (for something)'

éwwáp (éwúáp) éwál

'He/she will snatch it' 'He/she will reply.'

'He/she will take it'

Vowels Maa has nine distinct vowels. (For some comparison, Swahili and Spanish have only 5; while English arguably has 13.) The Maa vowels divide into two sets, depending on whether the tongue root is moved forward (enlarging the throat cavity); or is in a neutral position or moved backwards (reducing the throat cavity). The size of the throat cavity affects the acoustic sound waves that travel through the air, making the sounds distinct as they are first perceived by the hearer's ear, and then interpreted by the brain. When the tongue root is moved forward, this is referred to as Advanced Tongue Root (+ATR; which Tucker and Mpaayei called "close"); when the tongue root is in a neutral or retracted position, the sound is referred to as Non-advanced or Retracted Tongue Root (-ATR; which Tucker and Mpaayei called "open") (Figure 3). There is simply nothing like this distinction in Swahili or Indo-European languages, and it requires considerable practice for someone whose first language does not have such sound contrasts to learn to reliably recognize, and produce, the difference. Many Maa words differ from each other just by a change in the ATR value of a vowel. Thus, it is important to represent all nine vowels, which we do here as follows:   i   e   o   u 

ADVANCED TONGUE ROOT

ɪ

NON-ADVANCED TONGUE ROOT NEUTRAL

 ɛ

 ɔ

ʊ

a

(also non-advanced)

With these nine symbols, the fact that the following words sound different can be represented:

érík

'He/she will lead it.'

ɛ́rɪ́k

'He/she will nauseate (someone).'

épét

'He/she will plaster it.'

ɛ́pɛ́t

'He/she will keep close to it.'

éból

'He/she will open it.'

ɛ́bɔ́l

'He/she will hold it (by the mouth).'

ébúl

'He/she will pierce it.'

ɛ́bʊ́l

'He/she will prosper. '

To find out more about how these contrasting vowels sound, click here.

Tone A third, extremely important, feature of Maa is its tone. The meaning of individual Maa words can be changed just by changing the tone (or pitch, i.e., relative acoustic frequencies) on which different syllables are pronounced. From a linguistic perspective, Maa has two "basic" tones, High and Low. But these can be combined so that some words end with a tone that moves quickly from High to Low and hence is perceived as Falling. Also, when listening to words in natural context, more than two acoustic pitches can be perceived because the tones are affected by surrounding tone contexts and by the general intonational patterns in sentences and discourse. In this description, the basic tone patterns are written over vowels as High á and a (word-final), Low a and à (word-final), and Falling â. Much humor, if not much misunderstanding, can arise if the tones across a word are inadvertently changed. The tone is particularly important in the grammar; a bit of this can be appreciated by considering the following simple pairs: áadôl

'He/she/they will see me.'

áádól

'I will see you (singular).'

kɪ́ntɔ́nyɔrra

'You (singular) have made me love it.

kɪ́ntɔ́nyɔ́rrâ

'You (plural) have made me love it.'

 

Back to top Back to The Maasai Language This page written by Doris L. Payne

ɛ́ár ɔlmʊrraní ɔlŋátúny

'The warrior will kill the lion.'

ɛ́ár ɔlmʊ́rránì ɔlŋatúny

'The lion will kill the warrior.'

3.1 Maasai Vowels (Or, What do Tongue-Root Contrasts Sound Like?) Maa (or Maasai) has nine distinct vowels. (For some comparison, Swahili and Spanish have only five, while English arguably has thirteen.) The Maa vowels divide into two HARMONIZING SETS, depending on whether the TONGUE ROOT is moved forward (enlarging the throat cavity); or is in a neutral position or moved backwards (reducing the throat cavity). For some languages, linguists have proposed that it may be a downward movement of the larynx that creates the larger pharyngeal cavity. But whether it is a movement of the tongue root or a movement of the larynx, the significant feature is enlargement of the pharyngeal cavity. The size of the throat cavity affects the acoustic sound waves that travel through the air, making the sounds distinct as they are first perceived by the hearer's ear, and then interpreted by the brain. There is simply nothing like this distinction in Swahili or Indo-European languages, and it requires considerable practice for someone whose first language does not have such sound contrasts to reliably recognize, and produce, the difference. When the tongue root is moved forward, this is referred to as ADVANCED TONGUE ROOT (+ATR or "close"). When the tongue root is in the neutral or retracted position, the sound is referred to as Nonadvanced or Retracted Tongue Root (-ATR or "open"). Many Maa words differ from each other just by a change in the ATR value of a vowel. Thus, it is important to represent all nine vowels, which we do here with the following symbols. Advanced Tongue Root

Neutral

Non-Advanced Tongue Root

a

With these nine symbols, the fact that the following words sound different can be represented. To hear how the vowels sound, just click on any of the words.

i

ɪ

e

ɛ

o

ɔ

u

ʊ

Vowel Harmony: The two sets of vowels participate in a VOWEL HARMONY system. Vowels in a given word tend to be all [+ATR], or all [-ATR] (except that /a/ is neutral and occurs with either set). The [+ATR] feature is dominant, meaning that if a morpheme which inherently has [+ATR] vowels is combined with a morpheme which does not, all the vowels will assimilate to become [+ATR]. Interestingly, /a/ can "block" spreading of the ATR feature, so that part of a word will be [+ATR], and part will be [-ATR]. (Note that the basis for vowel harmony in Nilo-Saharan languages is different from that in Altaic languages.)

Back to top Back to The Maasai Language This page was designed and written by Ana Perez Sánchez and Doris L. Payne. The sound recordings were made by Kimeli Ole-Naiyomah and Mitsuyo Hamaya.

4. Maasai Words (Morphology) (morph = 'shape'; ology = 'study of') concerns the word shapes of a language. The morphology of Maa nouns and adjectives is reasonably simple. With few exceptions, all Maa nouns indicate grammatical gender, number and case. Adjectives inflect for number and case, but not gender. Case depends on the role a noun plays in the larger sentence. (Case will be illustrated in Section 5.) Maa verbal morphology is quite complex. MORPHOLOGY

Gender in Nouns Maa grammatical gender refers to whether the noun belongs to the "masculine," "feminine," or (very rarely) "place" class. Masculine gender is normally used for things that are biologically masculine or large, as for ɔl-ɔ́rɔ 'he-goat,' ol-dóínyó 'mountain,' or ¾l-abáànì 'healer, doctor,' which in some special contexts may also be used to refer to 'God.' Feminine gender is typically used for biologically feminine and small items, or sometimes when a perjorative meaning is intended, as for en-kíné 'goat' or 'female goat,' en-dóínyó 'small mountain, hill,' or ɛnk-abáànì 'female doctor, small male doctor, quack.' Maa roots are, for the most part, gender neutral, in that a given root can take either a masculine or feminine prefix, depending on what a speaker wants to say, as in ɔl-ɔ́rɔ 'he-goat,' versus ɛnk-ɔ́rɔ 'weak or small he-goat.' However, one gender is usually the unmarked (normal) gender for the root in question (Payne 1998). Some nouns do take only one gender (Enk-áí 'God'), and few nouns do not take any gender prefix (kʊlɛ́ 'milk'). Bernd Heine has observed that in the South Maa dialects, the vowel of the gender prefix expresses number ɛnk- 'feminine singular,' ɪn(k)- 'feminine plural';ɔl- 'masculine singular, ɪl- 'masculine plural'); while in the North Maa dialects, the number vowel does not occur. When a determiner like ɛná 'this (feminine) ' or ɛldɛ́ 'that (masculine)' occurs with a noun, then a gender prefix does not also co-occur. Singular and Plural Nouns Most Maa nouns have singular and plural forms, depending on whether the speaker is referring to one, or more than one, item. There are about twelve different singular-plural classes, and this is an area of Maa morphology which must simply be memorized as the forms are quite irregular. If a noun stem most normally denotes a singular item, then it may take a plural suffix: SINGULAR ɛnk-áí  'thunder, sky, god' ol-kér   'castrated ram' ɛnk-ají  'house' en-jóré 'war, raid'

PLURAL

ɪnk-áì-tìn  ɪ-l-kɛrr-á  ɪnk-ájí-jík in-jor-în

'thunders, skies, gods' 'castrated rams' 'houses' 'wars, raids'

But if a stem most normally denotes a plural item, then it may take a distinctive singulative suffix, as in some of the following. PLURAL

ɪl-áɪ́bártàk  'male initiates' ɪnk-áɪ́k 'arms' ɪl-ákɪ́r 'stars' ɪl-álá  'tusks'

SINGULAR

 ɪl-áɪ́bárt-ànì 'male initiate'  ɛnk-áɪ́-ná    'arm ɔl-ákɪ́r-à   'star' ɔl-alá-ɪ̀  'tooth, tusk'

The simple form kʊlɛ́ is inherently plural 'milks,' while complex kulíáréi designates a collective 'bunch of milks.' As can be seen in just these few words, sometimes the same form (e.g., -a) designates singular and sometimes plural, all depending on the stem class. Sometimes, the shape of the stem changes even more dramatically in order to convey singular versus plural: compare en-kítéŋ 'cow,'in-kíshú 'cows;' en-títo 'girl,' intóyyè 'girls.' Verb Structure Maa verb words are much more complex than nouns, so much so that a single Maa verb can express what a whole sentence is needed for in most Indo-European languages. This is because the Maa verb obligatorily indicates tense-aspect, person of the subject, and person of the object if the verb takes two participants. Depending on what else the speaker wants to convey, the verb may also indicate negative; subjunctive or imperative mood; causative; passive, middle, and antipassive voices; reflexive and reciprocal; the direction an action was performed in; and other aspects of the situation such as whether an action was performed for someone's benefit, or with some instrument. The order and variant forms of much of the verb word is described by B. Wallace (1981). Here we give just a sampling of verb words for 'love' or 'like,' to show the richness of possible verb words. Each verb in what follows also constitutes a complete sentence. Some words are minimally different by tone, again illustrating the importance of this feature in the Maa language. Note how tone can specifically distinguish singular versus plural third person subjects in perfective aspect (but not always elsewhere). PERF indicates perfective aspect; for many verbs a prefix and a suffix must occur together for this meaning. SUBJ indicates subject. The tone on the following words reflects the IlWuasinkishu dialect, and may vary somewhat for other dialects. á-ny rr 1SG.SUBJ-love 'I love it/him/her/them.'

m-a-ny rr NEGATIVE-1SG.SUBJ-love 'I don't love it/him/her/them.'

áá-ny rr 1SG.SUBJ:2SG.OBJECT-love 'I love you.'

áa-ny rr 3SUBJ:1SG.OBJECT-love 'They/he/she loves me.'

á-t -ny rr-à 1SG.SUBJ-PERF-love-PERF 'I loved (something)' or, 'I started loving (something).' áa-t -ny rr-â 3SUBJ:1SG.OBJECT-PERF-love-PERF.PL 'They have loved me.'

áa-t -ny rr-á 3SUBJ:1SG.OBJECT-PERF-love-PERF.SG 'He/she has loved me.'

In the following pair of words (or sentences), the tone pattern on the entire word is crucial to knowing whether the subject is first person plural 'we;' or whether there is an "inverse" relation between subject and object, meaning that the object "outranks" the subject on the hierarchy: first person singular > second person singular > third person (and first and second plural) (Payne, Hamaya & Jacobs 1994). Some Maa dialects use ¸k -, and others use k -, as the prefix form for both these meanings. Comparison of the following set of examples with the set just above illustrates another significant feature of the Maa language, which is vowel harmony. In the following, addition of the +ATR inceptive suffix makes the preceding vowels also become +ATR. (This process is sometimes blocked, particularly by the vowel a, as can be seen in yet further examples.) ékí-nyórr-ù INVERSE-love-INCEPTIVE 'He/she/they will love you.' or, 'You (singular) will love me.'

ékí-nyorr-ú 1PLURAL.SUBJ-love-INCEPTIVE 'We will love him/her/them.'

The following show a few of the many additional word forms that can be derived from the verb root ny¾rr 'love' or 'like': -ny rr-á-yuyu 2SUBJ-love-RECIPROCAL-INCEPTIVE.2.PLURAL 'You (plural) will love each other.' áa-ny rr3SUBJ:1SG.OBJECT-love-PASSIVE 'I am loved/(unspecified) people love me.' - t -ny rr-a 3-CAUSE-love-PERF 'He made him love (something).' á-ító-nyórr-ié 1SG.SUBJ-CAUSE-love-INSTRUMENT 'I used it to make him love (something).' á-ító-nyórr-ishíé 1-CAUSE-love-PERF.ANTIPASSIVE 'I used it to make him be a loving person.' Back to top Back to The Maasai Language This page written by Doris L. Payne

A Maasai Morphology Puzzle

Back to top Back to The Maasai Language This puzzle and page written by Doris L. Payne

5. Maasai Sentences (Syntax) In all languages, words are combined together, into larger phrases and sentences, according to rules specific to given languages. The rules governing how phrases and sentences are composed is called SYNTAX (syn = 'together'; taxis = 'arrangement'). As a child acquires Maa, he or she necessarily learns the Maa rules of syntax. Some major issues that any language must develop rules for are: how to indicate SUBJECT and OBJECT; what order different constituents (or "phrase units") can occur in; how to indicate that a noun functions as instrument, location, benefactive, direction, etc.; and how to combine simple sentences together to make more complex sentences. 5. 1. Simple Clauses Case Marking on Nouns In Maa, the most neutral way to compose a sentence consisting of several words is to arrange them in the order: Verb (or predicate) Subject First Object Second Object Adverbial. However, the order of subject and object can vary without causing any confusion, since all nouns must be marked for case, i.e., for the syntactic role the noun plays in the sentence. In Maa, case is indicated solely by the tone pattern on the noun; cf. enkínè 'goat' as nominative subject, and enkíné 'goat' as accusative object. (Also compare compare á 'home' and â 'our'.) -t -ny rr-á en-kínè 3SUBJ-PERF-love-PERF FEM.SG-goat.NOMINATIVE 'The goat has loved home.' -t -ny rr-á 3SUBJ-PERF-love-PERF 'He/she has loved our goat.'

á home.ACCUSATIVE

en-kíné â FEM.SG-goat.ACCUSATIVE our

Constituent Order The following two sentences vary in the order of words, but have identical meanings in terms of the event they describe. This is because each noun retains the same tone pattern, regardless of whether it occurs directly after the verb, or at the end of the sentence. é-tó-ní -ó en-kínè n-k ráí 3SUBJ-PERF-hear-PERF FEM.SG-goat.NOMINATIVE FEM.SG-child.ACCUSATIVE 'The goat heard the child.' é-tó-níŋ-ó n-k ráí en-kínè 3SUBJ-PERF-hear-PERF FEM.SG-child.ACCUSATIVE 'The goat heard the child.'

FEM.SG-goat.NOMINATIVE

The choice between these two sentences depends on whether the goat is the more central participant in the discourse (the first version), or the child (the second version) (Payne, Hamaya & Jacobs 1994). Prepositions Most of the world's languages (but not all) have small words that can be either pre-posed or post-posed to a noun, to show that the noun has a non-subject and non-object relation to the verb. Such relations typically include meanings like locative, instrumental, accompaniment benefactive, directional, manner, purpose, source, goal. In Maa, such relator words are consistently preposed to the nouns, and thus are termed prepositions. Maa actually has only two fully grammaticalized prepositions: for showing the 'accompaniment' relation; and the very general preposition t¹ which is used everywhere else that a preposition is needed. Following , a noun necessarily occurs in the ACCUSATIVE tone pattern; following t¹ it necessarily occurs in the NOMINATIVE. T¹ is perhaps most accurately understood as indicating that the noun following t has some non-subject, non-object, non-accompaniment relation to the verb. It's exact translation into another language will depend on the context. The following present only a sub-set of the meanings t¹ can convey. The vowel of this preposition is generally deleted and the remaining t becomes a prefix if the following word begins with a vowel. -ár-à t- l-k j¥ 3SUBJ-beat-RECIPROCAL PREP/LOCATION-MASC.SG-river 'They are fighting in/by the river.' -ár-à t- nâ 3SUBJ-beat-RECIPROCAL PREP/REASON -that.FEM 'They are fighting because of that.' -ár-à t-oó- údísìn 3SUBJ-beat-RECIPROCAL PREP/INSTRUMENT-MASC.PL-sticks 'They are fighting with sticks.' áa-t-ar-á ¾l-ámèyù te-yyê 3SUBJ:1SG.OBJECT-PERF-beat-PERF MASC.SG-hunger PREP/DEGREE-2SG 'Hunger has beaten me more than you.' (i.e., 'I am hungrier than you.') -ta-ár-¥-ak-® t Ná®r b¯ 3SUBJ-PERF-beat-VENTIVE-PERF-PASSIVE PREP/SOURCE Nairobi 'They have been beaten here from Nairobi.' k -bá-¥ t Ná®r b¯ 3SUBJ-arrive-VENTIVE PREP/SOURCE Nairobi 'He will arrive from Nairobi.' káá-bá-®k¯ 1SG.SUBJ:2SG.OBJECT-arrive-DATIVE 'I will meet you at/in Nairobi.'

t

Ná®r b¯ PREP/GOAL~LOCATIVE Nairobi

á-úré-ísho t n- t¥ a-ló 1SG.SUBJ-fear-ANTIPASSIVE PREP/COMP CON-NEG.PERF INF.SG-go 'I am fearful if I don't go. ' 5.2. Complex Sentences Another important part of syntax concerns rules for combining simple sentences to create complex ones. There are several ways to do this in Maa, depending on the verbs involved and the specific meanings the speaker wants to achieve. In the immediately preceding example, for instance, we see the preposition t¹ introducing a clausal complement of the verb 'I am afraid.' One of the complement verbs is prefixed with n-, which is commonly used to show that the events or actions in several different clauses are conceptually closely connected. Another way to introduce a subordinate clause is with the conjunction peê 'if, so that.' é-úré-ísho en-kítòk peê m-é-ló 3SUBJECT-fear-ANTIPASSIVE FEM.SG-woman so.that NEG-3SUBJECT-go 'The woman is fearful so she doesn't go. ' A distinctive aspect of Maa complex sentences is the frequent use of partially-infinitive verb forms. In a fully-infinitive verb, the verb would not change regardless of subject, tense-aspect, or any other feature of the sentence, as in the to-sentence forms of English: I want to eat. We want to eat. They wanted to eat. He probably wants to eat. Unlike English, Maa does not have fully-infinitive verbs. Rather, a verb must minimally show whether the subject of the sentence is singular versus plural! If the root is prefixed with Low-tone a- and carries a final-syllable High tone, the infinitive has a singular subject. But if the verb is prefixed with áa- and the rest of the verb carries Low tone, the subject of the infinitive is plural. Partial-infinitives can be further inflected for subjunctive mood, and can take various derivational affixes. In the following, lo 'go' ambiguously means either movement or future action. The singular and plural roots for 'go' are radically different, much like English go and went. ká-ló a-óp a-otikí 1SG.SUBJECT-go.SG INF.SG-swear INF.SG-do.on.purpose 'I am going to swear (e.g., before a judge) deliberately.' ékí-púó áà-òp áa-otikí 1PL.SUBJECT-go.PL INF.PL-swear INF.PL-do.on.purpose 'We are going to swear (e.g., before a judge) deliberately.' ká-g®rà a-ój 1SG.SUBJECT-progressive.action INF.SG-scratch 'I am scratching.' ká-tó-ótíkí-ó a-ny¾rr-aá em-búkù 1SG.SUBJECT-PERF-do.on.purpose-PERF INF.SG-love-DIRECTION FEM.SG-book 'I accepted the book deliberately.' (NOTE: This sentence has a rude tone to it.) Linguist Mitsuyo Hamaya (1992) has shown that in Maa, partial-infinitives can be strung together to indicate that the infinitive verb was the result, purpose, manner, instrumental means, or object complement of another verb. Further, as seen in some of the examples above, an initial fully-inflected verb like káló and kag®rà can convey just tense or aspect, with the following partial-infinitive conveying the main lexical meaning. Or a verb root can be repeated a second time in the partial-infinitive form in order to bring additional participants into the sentence. é-lép-ókì en-kítòk 3SUBJECT-milk-DATIVE FEM.SG-woman a-lep-oki-níé INF.SG-milk-DATIVE-INSTRUMENT

-l k l MASC.SG-MAN milk m-p lp l FEM.SG-cup

'The woman will get milk for her husband with a cup.' Together, the uses of the partial-infinitives in Maa are just like the uses of SERIAL VERB CONSTRUCTIONS in many other African languages. It is common in serializing languages for one fully inflected verb to be serialized together with completely infinitive, or bare, verb roots. The uniqueness of the Maa construction is that the only option is to use the partial-infinite form. Back to top Back to The Maasai Language This page written by Doris L. Payne

6. Semantics: Maa Color Terms Maa has an extremely rich set of about 30 color, and about 20 color-plus-design terms. Five of the color terms are Stative Verbs. The others are Adjectives. Some of the adjectival color terms clearly have developed from words that primarily designate objects, but for others there is no known synchronic noun (or verb) that they are related to. Some color terms are not known throughout the entire Maa-speaking area, while others are very wide-spread. Table 1 contains color and design terms which, as far as we know, do not come from other more-basic Maasai words which name objects or actions.

Table 1. MAASAI BASIC COLOR AND DESIGN TERMS (Terms marked with + are probably basic in the sense of Berlin and Kay)

STATIVE VERB

BASIC

(underived)

COLOR TERMS

GLOSS

ADJECTIVE

GLOSS

s píà

'dark, almost black'

(+) múgíé

'light to dark brown'

(k)áldès

'warm brown'

+

a-r k

'be black'

+

a- b r

'be white'

+

a-d

'be (blood-)red'

ómò

'light brown (of sheep only)'

+

a-ny r

'be green'

barrikóì

'tan; light brown-yellow'

+

a-nyokíé

'be red'

síntêt

'yellow-orange/pink; gray'

bárláí

'bright orange' (Central Maa)

irô

+

'grayish brown'

p s

'blue / gray' (varies by dialect)

ar s

'spotted black with white on underside'

keshéròì

'red body; white face'

COLOR+DESIGN

kúrrúkúr

'random pattern of two colors; equal intensity'

TERMS

púkótì

'black & white blend; whole appears blue'

sámpù

'brown & tan striped / variegated'

sántétua

' varicolored with conspicuous colors green, black, red, yellow'

wúâs

'patchy, with big patch on side of belly'

BASIC

(underived)

Table 2 contains color and design terms which are derived from other Maa words whose primary meaning refers to an object or action. The color and design senses develop as the object/action words are used to refer to characteristics or resultant states typical of the object/action. This is a very common process in all languages. In English, for example, the word peach is most basically the name of a type of fruit (i.e., the name of an object). But peach can also name the color of a dress or the ink in a pen which is similar to the typical color of this fruit. It is the same process that accounts for the root in olowuarú 'carniverous beast' also being used to mean 'light red-brown color with camouflaging effect'.

Table 2. MASAI DERIVED COLOR AND DESIGN TERMS (Terms marked with + are probably basic in the sense of Berlin and Kay)

STATIVE VERB

SOURCE of VERB

(ALL ARE

ACTIVE VERBS)

ADJECTIVE

SOURCE of ADJECTIVE

GLOSS

(ALL

ARE NOUNS)

GLOSS

sagáràràmì 'light-blue, purple'

o-sagáràràmì

'acacia fruit/pods'

kúkúó

'dark black, charcoal'

en-kúkúó

'piece of charcoal'

d r

'gray'

n-d r

'vervet monkey' (Samburu dialect)

sérò

'dull dark gray'

o-sérò

'dry brush'

DERIVED

kútáí

'cloud-white'

?in-kútà

'rain water'

COLOR

ókúrúóí

'ash-white'

en-kúrúóí

'hunk of ash'

TERMS

sírùà

'cloud-white, nearing gray'

o-sírùà

'eland'

sépérua

'light brown'

e-sépérua

'serval cat'

l

rá

'acacia tree'

'yellow'

i-sikítòk

'colustrum milk'

túlélèì

'shiny yellow'

o-túlélèì

'Sodom apple'

owuarú

'light red-brown; gray; with camouflaging effect'

ol-owuarú

'carniverous beast'

moríjoi

'deep red, maroon'

ol-moríjoi

'poison-arrow tree'

p l

'light red-based color'

ol-p l

'unripe pus'

súyaán

'gray'

o-súyaní

'wild dog, wolf'

+

sikítóì

-l rá

'golden brown'

a-irimó

a-irím

kerî

'spotted'

ol-kerî

'leopard'

'conspicuously spotted with at least two colors'

'to spot the body with chalk / ochre'

tárá

'spotted & colorful'

en-tárâ

'viper'

márà

'dotted, checkered, involving at least red, black, or brown; spots the size of a cheetah's'

ol-márà

'cheetah'

túntáí

'alternate black & white'

en-túntáí

'oval black or white beads for necklace fringe'

y yáí

'black & white'

o-y yáí

'porcupine'

'brown with large dark-brown'

ol- abólì

'fig tree'

r r

'red top, white bottom'

o-r r

'termite'

leléo

'with large circular patches'

o-leléo

'broken gourd'

DERIVED COLOR +DESIGN TERMS

a-s rá

a-s r

'striped, painted'

'to mark'

abólì

The exact hue-brightness-saturation combination that can be designated by a given color term may vary from one speaker to another and from one area to another. This link will show you the results from a color-naming task done by Vincent Konchellah, an il-Wuasinkishu Maasai speaker. Cognitively, some of the color terms are more "basic" than others, while other terms are considered to be more finely-specified subtypes of the basic terms (cf. Berlin and Kay 1969, 1975). Table 3 gives a grouping done by Vincent Konchellah, who referrs to each of the terms in bold as a "mother". Note that only the term for 'green' stands alone with no sub-terms. The same task was done by a distinct group of four Central Maa speakers working together. The Central Maa group placed 'to be blood red' as a sub-type of a-nyokíé . They also treated irô and múgíé as distinct from the 'black category', each having several sub-terms. (For the most part they also did not include color-plus-design terms in the sorting task.)

Table 3. SORT of MAA COLOR AND DESIGN TERMS (il-Wuaskinkishu Maa speaker)

GLOSS OF "MOTHER" TERM

SUBORDINATE SUBTYPES

p  s

'blue'

arûs 'spotted black and white' sagáràràmì 'purple' kií 'blue'

sí k í t ô î

'yellow'

síntêt 'pink, yellow; gray' túlélèì 'yellow'

'to be black'

kúkúó 'gray' s píà 'dark' múgíé 'warm brown' d r 'gray' pukótì 'black-white blend' keshúroi 'mixture' sérò 'brush gray' sámpù 'striped tan & white' irô 'gray-brown' tárá 'spotted' owuarú 'gray; reddish; camouflage'

'to be blood-red'

p l

"MOTHER" TERMS

a - r k (i\includes mixtures that were said to have a “basis in black”. Upon querrying, the speaker said he did not want to make any more “mothers” within this group.)

a-d

(Upon querrying, the speaker said this could be placed under a-nyokíé, but he preferred to make it it’s “own” mother.)

a-nyokíé

a- b r

a-ny

'to be red'

'to be white'

r

kúrrúkúr

Back to Maa Language

Page by Doris Payne Last updated August, 2008

'light red-based'

l rá 'golden brown' barrikóì 'tan, light yellow-brown' r r 'red & white' moríjoi 'deep-red, maroon' abólì 'brownish shade' ókúrúóí 'ash white' sírùà 'could-white, nearing gray' (this could also occur under a-nyokíé) a-s rá 'to be striped'

'to be green'

'mixture of colors'

wúâs márà kerî leléo súyaán

'patchy' 'patchy' 'spotted' (esp. black & white) 'large circular spots' (esp brown) 'gray'

6. Language Change and Borrowings Just as individuals change throughout their lifetime, so any normal language changes throughout its lifetime. Speakers encounter new things they want to talk about, and may do business and inter-marry with members of other language communities. In the process, they often need to develop new vocabulary and routinely creatively develop new meanings for old words. Some major types of change are: BORROWING words from one language to another, gradually developing NEW MEANINGS FOR OLD WORDS (and sometimes new grammar along the way), COINING new words, and losing old words. Borrowing from Maa into other languages The Maa language has been a source from which other languages have borrowed. Many place names in modern-day Kenya and Tanzania correspond to common words and phrases in the Maa language. For a small sampling, the following fairly well-known place names come from the indicated Maasai words; some of these could be found in a good English dictionary. is from

Nairobi

'that (place) which is cold'

na- r b

The capital of Kenya, located in the generally cool Kenyan highlands

'wind'

Kijabi

en-kijáp

Amboseli

em-pósél

Kajiado

l-k j -ád

Naivasha

-na- p shà

Nakuru

which is scratched off bare' na-kírr-ò 'that A major city north of Nairobi

Narok

enk-ár ná-r k

Location of a famous boarding school on the windy eastern edge of the Great Rift Valley (the cornerstone of this school was laid by Teddy Roosevelt)

'salty dust' A game park reserve in Southern Kenya, noted for its wildlife

'the huge leg (river) which is long' A major business and market center, south of Nairobi

'that which is churning/heaving' A lake well-known for its wild-life, including pink flamingos

'the water that is black' A major town on the western edge of the Great Rift Valley

From even these few examples, it is clear that Maa words have become the nationally and internationally-acknowledged names for certain cities and land features in East Africa. This is important historicallinguistic evidence for what language groups likely inhabited or frequented these geographic places when the colonial map-makers first visited East Africa. By similarly examining the vocabularies of multiple languages, one can begin to deduce pieces of the histories of those who speak the languages. Detailed study of the Maa language will contribute to understanding the chronological, cosmological, and economic history of the Maa peoples; as well as understanding contact between Maasai and other ethnic groups, and ultimately to the history of the entire East African region. Borrowing into Maasai As with many ethnic groups around the world, the Maa peoples have had a long history of contact with other language groups, with resultant borrowing of words between languages. Borrowing is a natural process, and is not a degradation of a language. Instead, borrowings may give some witness to the economic, cultural and political interchanges that speakers of the language have had with other language groups. To illustrate, em-búku 'book' is obviously borrowed from English. The word is now fully integrated into Maa, as seen by how it follows the rules of Maa phonology and morphology (cf. plural imbúkúí). This borrowing is of interest, given that many other languages of East Africa have borrowed an Arabic word to denote the concept 'book,' namely a word with the consonants k-t-b. The fact that Maa has borrowed an Engish word for this concept, and not an Arabic one (nor even a Swahili one -- which itself borrowed the k-t-b word from Arabic) is an interesting detail from which one can begin to trace the types of inter-cultural situations obtaining at the point in history when Maa speakers first wanted to refer to 'books.' Ol-d ka'shop' (plural il-d ka ), by contrast, is surely borrowed from Swahili, reflecting a different sphere of socio-economic and cultural interchange with Bantu or Arabic speaking peoples. Bernd Heine and Matthias Brenzinger have noted a large number of Cushitic-based words in the Mukogodo Maa dailect, with many terms for bee-keeping, wildlife, and hunting equipment. This is the vocabulary of a hunting and gathering culture, and the ancestral Maa culture does not hunt wild game for food. Here, the Cushitic terms do not so much represent borrowings, but important cultural retentions as a non-Maa people became assimilated to Maa culture and shifted to the Maa language. Vocabulary prolifieration & coining It is important to note the lexical domains in which Maa has not borrowed terms from other languages, but has retained and sometimes highly elaborated Nilotic vocabulary. Consider the retention and proliferation of (single-morpheme) terms for cows and goats, which are absolutely central to the ancestral pastoral way of life. en-kíné

'goat (general), female goat'

ol-kúòò

'kid'

l- r

'he-goat'

ol-mérègèsh

'ram'

ol-kér

'castrated ram'

n-k t

'cow, bovine (general)'

in-kíshú

'cattle'

l-áshê

'calf'

l-b

'bull calf'

à

l-

nì

'bull'

-s nàsh

'castrated bull'

The centrality of pastoralism is also attested to by the proliferation of color and design terms in the brown-gray-pattern semantic sub-domain. This is precisely the semantic area which is useful for distinguishing one animal from another -- the Maasai, like most pastoralists, are noted for recognizing each individual of their herds. As can be appreciated from the photo here, very precise color and design terminology is thus extremely functional. Table 1 contains color and design terms which, as far as we know, do not come from other more-basic Maasai words which name objects or actions. Table 1. MAASAI BASIC COLOR AND DESIGN TERMS (Terms marked with + are probably basic in the sense of Berlin and Kay)

STATIVE VERB

BASIC

(underived)

COLOR TERMS

GLOSS

ADJECTIVE

GLOSS

s píà

'dark, almost black'

(+) múgíé

'light to dark brown' (varies by dialect?)

(k)áldès

'warm brown'

+

a-r k

'be black'

+

a- b r

'be white'

+

a-d

'be (blood-)red'

ómò

'light brown (as of sheep)'

+

a-ny r

'be green'

barrikóì

'tan; light brown-yellow'

+

a-nyokíé

'be (earth-)red'

síntêt

'yellow-orange/pink'

bárláí

'bright orange'

irô

+

'grayish brown'

p s

'blue / milky'

ar s

'spotted black with white on underside'

keshéròì

'red body; white face'

COLOR+DESIGN

kúrrúkúr

'random pattern of two colors, one mostly red & one mostly white; equal intensity'

TERMS

púkótì

'black & white blend; whole appears blue'

sámpù

'brown & tan striped / variegated'

sántétua

' varicolored with conspicuous colors green, black, red, yellow'

wúâs

'patchy, with big patch on side of belly'

BASIC

(underived)

Table 2 contains color and design terms which are derived from other Maa words whose primary meaning refers to an object or action. The color and design senses develop as the object/action words are used to refer to characteristics or resultant states typical of the object/action. This is a very common process in all languages. In English, for example, the word peach is most basically the name of a type of fruit (i.e., the name of an object). But peach can also name the color of a dress or the ink in a pen which is similar to the typical color of this fruit. It is the same process that accounts for the root in olowuarú 'carniverous beast' also being used to mean 'light red-brown color with camouflaging effect'.

Table 2. MASAI DERIVED COLOR AND DESIGN TERMS (Terms marked with + are probably basic in the sense of Berlin and Kay)

SOURCE of VERB

STATIVE VERB

(ALL ARE

ADJECTIVE

ACTIVE VERBS)

SOURCE of ADJECTIVE

GLOSS

ARE NOUNS)

(ALL

GLOSS

sagáràràmì 'light-blue, purple'

o-sagáràràmì

'acacia fruit/pods'

kúkúó

'dark black, charcoal'

en-kúkúó

'piece of charcoal'

d r

'mouse-gray'

?en-deroni

'mouse'

sérò

'dull dark gray'

o-sérò

'dry brush'

DERIVED

kútáí

'cloud-white'

?in-kútà

'rain water'

COLOR

ókúrúóí

'ash-white'

en-kúrúóí

'hunk of ash'

TERMS

sírùà

'cloud-white, nearing gray'

o-sírùà

'eland'

sépérua

'light brown'

e-sépérua

'serval cat'

l rá

'golden brown'

'acacia tree'

'yellow'

i-sikítòk

'colustrum milk'

túlélèì

'shiny yellow'

o-túlélèì

'Sodom apple'

owuarú

'light red-brown with camouflaging effect'

ol-owuarú

'carniverous beast'

moríjoi

'deep red, maroon'

ol-moríjoi

'poison-arrow tree'

p l

'light red-based color'

ol-p l

'unripe pus'

suyaan

'gray'

o-súyaní

'wild dog, wolf'

+

sikítóì

-l rá

a-irimó

a-irím

kerî

'spotted'

ol-kerî

'leopard'

'conspicuously spotted with at least two colors'

'to spot the body with chalk / ochre'

tárá

'spotted & colorful'

en-tárâ

'viper'

márà

'dotted, checkered, involving at least red, black, or brown; spots the size of a cheetah's'

ol-márà

'cheetah'

túntáí

'alternate black & white'

en-túntáí

'oval black or white beads for necklace fringe'

y yáí

'black & white'

o-y yáí

'porcupine'

'brown with large dark-brown'

ol- abólì

'fig tree'

r r

'red top, white bottom'

o-r r

'termite'

leléo

'with large circular patches'

o-leléo

'broken gourd'

DERIVED COLOR +DESIGN TERMS

a-s rá

a-s r

'striped, painted'

'to mark'

abólì

Development of new meanings for old words To see how language can develop not only new meanings for old words, but even new grammar, we return to the problem of Maa prepositions. Section 5 noted that Maa has only two genuine prepositions. One of these, t , is extremely general in meaning. As might be expected, speakers often want to be more precise about exactly how a t¹-marked noun is related to the idea expressed in the verb, and may not want to leave it entirely up to inference. The fact that there are no prepositions like 'towards,' 'from,' 'with,' 'under,' 'in,' 'alongside,' 'behind,' etc. does not mean that a Maa speaker cannot convey semantic precision. An extremely common strategy is take a noun with a locative or body-part meaning, and use this noun, with or without t¹, to show the more precise relation of a second noun to the verb. For example, nouns for parts of bodies or locational regions of items include: enk-áló

'side, direction'

m-p l s

'middle, center, loin'

o-síádí

'anus, rear side of'

m-bátá

'bank' or 'side'

That these are nouns is evidenced not only by the gender prefixes, but also plural counterparts and case variation (cf. plural nk-áloli 'sides,' mpólosi 'middles, loins,' m-bát 'banks, sides'). Such "relational" nouns may either co-occur with t¹, or sometimes alone, to indicate relationships of non-subject and non-object nouns to the rest of the clause. This is illustrated in the following two sentences with 'bank/side': é-írràg 3SUBJECT-lie

ndá that.FEM

titó

t- m-batá

girl:NOM

PREP-FEM.SG-side

- n-dabash GEN-FEM.SG-bed:ACC

'That girl will lie on the bed.'

e-tíí

in-kíshù

3SUBJECT-be.at

FEM.PL-cows:NOM

m-bátá FEM.SG-side

-wwátá FEM.SG-fence:ACC

'The cows are beside the fence.'

As body-part/locational nouns are used in this fashion over and over, across generations, it is likely that some of them may develop into genuine new prepositions, and completely lose their status as nouns. Words which are on their way to becoming prepositions in this fashion include shumata 'top, heaven, above,' abóri 'down, below, lower regions,' and atúa 'the inside, inside, in, until.' These words do not take gender prefixes or have plural forms, but do inflect for case.

Back to top Back to The Maasai Language This page written by Doris L. Payne

Maa Dictionary Maasai (IlKeekonyokie, IlPurko, IlWuasinkishu) and Samburu Doris L. Payne & Leonard Ole-Kotikash August 2005, 2008 (c) Doris L. Payne & Leonard Ole-Kotikash This dictionary is best viewed with Charis SIL fonts. We are grateful to Richard Margetts, creator of LexiquePro, and Norbert Rennert for help with formatting.

`^ a b c d e ɛ g h

i

ɨ

j

k

l m n ny ŋ o ɔ p r rr s sh t

u ʉ w wu y yi '

` or [L]: Low tone over the verb, excluding certain suffixes conj. 1 • Grammatical tone morpheme indicating 'while, during' (an action), as'. Kóre [L]ɛgɨrá alotoó, nɛ́dɔl ɔlásʉ́ráí. While he was walking, he saw a snake. (W). Étáráwá yieyíô [L]ɛɨdɛlà. He has chased our mother while she was still nursing. Áyíéú shái [L]adáa. I want tea while I am eating. (W). Kóre [L]adáa áyíéú enkijíko. While I am eating, I need a spoon. (W). Kóre [L]adáa nélōtū. When I am eating, he/she will come. (W). [L]Aɨnɔs ́ta nanʉ̂ ɛ ́látá nɛ́sha. While I was eating fat, it rained. (W). Nɛ́sha [L]aɨnɔs ́ta nanʉ̂ ɛ ́látá. It ̀ wɛtɨtà eterriée rained while I was eating fat. (W). [L]Ɛk

He fell down while running. (SN) (Contrast: Kɛ́kwet ́ta. He is running.). Óre apá peê [L]kɨlaŋʉ́ ɛnaɨpɔ́sha... when we crossed the sea... Ɛg ́ra ɨnkɛrâ kʉ́tɨt ́ áairrugo [L]ɛgɨrá áaɨgʉran. The small children are bending down as they play. (Pk). Máwaitá [L]eidoŋo. Let's take it when it is in a beat condition. (in time). Ɛtarapóshe [L]ɛtamá ɛndáa. He was satisfied after eating food. 3 • Subjunctive mood following certain subordinators like peê, peyîê, óre peê, ɛɨtʉ́, or in other irrealis contexts. The Low tone also follows the bound negative m-, evident on Class I verbs. (However, it is overriden on Class II negative verbs by a High verb-stem tone, and certain other Hightoned prefixes.). Óre taá amʉ̂ áyíéú nápók ɛnkɛ́ráí, níyíólo siî íyīē [L]ɛɨŋat ́shɔ ɨnkɛ́râ, tɛlɛjʉ́. Okay now that I want to whip the child, and you know very well that children will flee, deceive him/her to come. (W) (Contrast: Ɛɨnát ́shɔ̄. He will flee.). Kóre peê [L]ɛɨtàshe, ɛɨtʉ́ [L]ɛdɔl ɔlásʉ́ráí. When he stopped, he didn't see the snake. (W). Ɛɨnyáŋūā sháai ɛ Kɛnya ɛ́tɔ̂n ɛ́ ́tʉ̂ [L]elotú. He bought Kenyan tea before he came. [L]Mayíólo. I do not know. [L]Matúm sháái ɛ 2 • After

Kɛ́nya tené nɛ́ākʉ̄ mash ́pa. I don't find Kenyan tea here (eg. in Europe), so I am sad. Ɛɨtʉ́ [L]aníŋ ajó kélotú kɛnyá entókî naíjō ́nâ I did not hear that there ́ is s.o. like that coming. Ɨroríéki ɛnkʉ́tʉ́k ɔɔ́ lMáásâ ̂ peê [L]ayíólōū. Speak to me in the Maasai language so that I learn. peê áaâny So that he will refuse me [peé āāāɲ].

^ or [F]: Falling tone on last syllable of verb

num.

Grammatical tone morpheme indicating 1st or 3rd plural subject, in certain morpheme combinations only, including Perfect(ive). Occurs on end of word. [Falling tone is normally evident only if the word occurs at the end of a phrase, as Falling tone simplifies to High when another word follows within the phrase.]. Nɛ́ ́sardâk téíne. And they disperse there. Áatɨmɨrâ. They (have) chased me. (W). K ́t ́m ́râ. They (have) chased you (sg.) (W). Ɛt ́m ́râ nɨnyɛ́. They (have) chased him. (W). Néponunûî áaranyɨshɔ tɛ́nâ dúóó áji, nɛ́shɨpâ ̂. And people come to sing in the relevant house, and people rejoice.

Comparison of Singular versus Plural Tone Patterns in Perfect(ive) Aspect Verb Forms SINGULAR PLURAL "He played "They Ventive ɛtadálūā ɛtadálutûâ coming" ..." "He played "They Ventive+Middle ɛtadalʉ́nyɛ ɛ́tádálʉ́nyɛ̂ coming" ..." "He used it to "They Instrumental ɛtadálarɛ ɛ́tádálárɛ̂ play" ..." "He played for "They Dative ɛtadalákā ɛtadalákɨtâ her" ..." "He made me "They Causitive áaitadotúó áaitadotutûô pull it out" ..."

A-a a Letter representing the Maa low back unrounded vowel phoneme

/a/. Phon: The phoneme /a/ is neutral for Tongue Root Harmony and occurs in words with vowels that are either Advanced Tongue Root (+ATR): enkolópa 'poisonous centepede'; or Non-Advanced (Retracted) Tongue Root (-ATR): ɔpá 'long ago'. • /a/ blocks spreading of the +ATR feature from +ATR vowels to its right, and remains /a/: ɛnyámu 'cattle theft'. However, when vowels to its left are +ATR, /a/ in suffixes is replaced by +ATR /o/; compare asʉj-ak ́ [INF.SG-follow-DAT] 'to follow s.o.' versus a-bik-okí [INF.SG-wait-DAT] 'to wait for s.o.' This argues that /a/ patterns as a back vowel. In some words, /a/ in suffixes is replaced by -ATR /ɔ/ when the preceding vowel is /ɔ/; a-ɨrɔr-ɔk ́ [INF.SG-say-DAT] 'to greet s.o.' Also see note at -án Nominalizer for stative verbs

a- (+ replacive LH tone)

infinitive prefix, indicative mood. Indicates that the subject of a string of verbs is singular. Ká ́tóki alotú. I'm coming back. (lit: I will repeat ́ ́ra aló adúŋ to move back to the point of reference.) (S). Ɨg inkírí apéj. You are going to cut meats to roast. See: áa- ‘Plural infinitive prefix’.

a-1 a-2

nmlz. Nominalization

á-1

pn.b. Dialect

inf. Singular

prefix.

Variant: e-. Nom sg: á-. pn.b. Third

person singular verb prefix for relative clause; that, which, what, who. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí aiseyieseyíé ɛnká ́ naɨrʉ́ra The child is shaking the other one who is sleeping. (Pk). Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí aɨrrʉŋʉrʉ́ŋ ná ́rʉra. The child who is sleeping is snoring. (Pk). See: aá- ‘Plural pronominal prefix in relative clause’; n- ‘Relativizer for feminine nouns’; l-2 ‘Relativizer for masculine nouns’. variant of third person bound pronominal prefix.

Káke á ́tɔrrɔ̂k n ́ncɛ. But they are bad. (C). See: ɛ- ‘Third person bound pronominal prefix’.

á-2

rel. Dialect

á-3

inf. Singular

á-4

mood. Marker

á-5

pn.b. First

-â -a1

or allomorphic variant of the masculine relative clause prefix ɔ-. ilkeék áádórú trees that are tall.

infinitive prefix, subjunctive mood. Used following a-jó when it has sense 'to try'. Néjo á ́rɔ́rɔ́k ̄. He tried to greet him. Óre ɛnâ najo áípīdōkī ajó áɔ́ny When it tried to jump to bite. See: má- ‘Subjunctive mood prefix’; a- (+ replacive LH tone) ‘Singular infinitive prefix, non-subjunctive mood’.

of politeness, preceeding the second person pronominal verb prefix ɨ-. Á ́dɔ̄l ajó (k)áɨm ɛntɛ́mátá. You will see that I will pass the exam. [polite] (W). Á ́rá ŋáí? (May I ask) who are you? [polite] (W). See: má- ‘Subjunctive mood prefix’. person singular verb prefix, indicating no object (if verb is intransitive) or a third person or plural object (if verb is transitive). Ás ́ŋ ́ta. I am sneezing. (W). Á ́pótíto. I am calling him/her/it. (W). perfective aspect suffix. Káyíólo ajó éídóŋô. I know that they beat it. See: -ɨtâ ‘Plural perfective aspect’.

Variant: -ô. asp. Plural

Variant: -o. voi. 1 • Nonperfective

Middle voice suffix. Derives an intransitive verb, typically with Patient as Subject. The primary uses are: a • Where the Agent is not conceptualized as part of the process or action. Ɛg ́ra taá nɨnyɛ́ ɔlcáni aunó. The tree is getting planted. Míkíntóki aurokínó amʉ̂ atanauré sií nanʉ́. Stop leaning on me because I am also tired. (Pk). action. Edúŋo. (i) It will cut itself (eg. stretch until it breaks) (ii) It was cut. (ie. in that condition). (iii) They b • Reflexive

will cut each other.

action. Usage: pl subject. áaasakino To cooperate, work together. c • Reciprocal

state. Néjo "Eé, kɛ́s ́pa taá." He said, "It is ́ true.". Ɨára táatá. You are beaten / You look beat. (W). Áára. I am beaten. (W). Eduŋó ... When it was cut ... See: ɛ ‘Perfective Middle suffix’. d • Resultant

-a2

Variant: -o. nmlz. Nominalizer,

with Middle sense. ɛndáā 'food', from ɛn-dak-a [FSG-eat-NMLZ]. ɛnkiamá 'wedding', from ɛnk-yam-a [FSG-COMP-marry-NMLZ]. entúmo 'meeting', from ɛn-tum-a [FSG-find-NMLZ].

-a3

num. 1 • Singular

-a4

Variant: -o; -ɔ. In some suffixed forms: -ak,

-a5

Variant: -o. In some suffixed forms: -ar,

or singulative suffix for certain nouns. Compare ɛm-búátá 'gap between front teeth' vs. ɨm-búát 'gaps between front teeth'. 2 • Plural suffix for certain nouns. Compare ɛ-máál 'dewlap' vs. ɨ-maalá 'dewlaps'. Note: On number suffixes in Nilo-Saharan languages, see: Dimmendaal, Gerrit. 2000. Number marking and noun categorization in Nilo-Saharan languages. Anthropological Linguistics 42:214-261.

-ok. asp. 1 • Perfect/perfective aspect suffix, used with singular subject. In some contexts it yields the sense of past time, though it is not a tense affix (König 1993). 2 • Subjunctive mood suffix. Used in imperatives, after the modal prefix m- and modal auxiliaries (Hamaya 1993). Má ́sɨká! Let's escape/run away! Tábolo inkííyāā inónók; máíniniŋó oróréí lɛ́ nKáí. Open your ears; let's listen to the word of God. (W). -or. dir. Verb suffix indicating

direction away; thither. Néshūkō, nélo aké, nɛ́ʉtar ́. He went back, he just went, and he was shown the way. See: -

áa ‘Away’.

a k ́tɨ

aá-

kʉ́tɨt .́ adv. Slowly. Shɔ́mɔ a k ́tɨ. Go slowly. (W). Táasa esíáai inó a k ́tɨ. Do your work slowly. (Pk) [The work is done just once.]. Táasa esíáai inó áá kʉ́tɨt ́. Repeatedly, do your work very slowly. (Pk) [The work is done multiple times, each time slowly.]. Téjo áá kʉ́tɨt ́. Say it slowly repeatedly. (Pk). Plural repeated action: áá

Nom pl: áā-. Variant: aa-. pn.b. Third

person plural prefix in a relative clause which modifies a feminine noun in the accusative case; Class I verbs. Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât ajút ɨnamʉ́ka naáata entérít. The woman is wiping shoes that have dust. Ámaâ kɛ́kʉlɛ́ naáropîl íyíéú anáa kɛ́kʉlɛ́ naá ́sʉkʉ̂t? Do you like fresh milk, or unfresh milk? (lit: Well, (is it) milks that are frothing you like or milks that are sour?). Ekébikóo intókitin pɔ́ɔk ̄ ̄ náaramát ɨlɔ́ɔpɛ̂ny. All things that their owners care for last long. Nónokûâ ntamesí náapuo nkárɛ́. There are the camels that are going for water. (SN). Ɛg ́ra kʉ́lɛ náatií ɔlkúkúrí áaisamisu. The milk that is in the calabash is going bad. See: a-2 ‘Singular third person relative clause pronominal prefix’; ɔɔ́- ‘Masculine third person plural in a relative clause’; n- ‘Feminine or Place relative clause prefix’.

áa- (+ replacive HL tone)

inf. Plural

infinitive prefix, indicating that the subject of a string of verbs is plural. Máapɛ́ aké

níkipuo áaduŋuduŋ ɨlɛ́nyɔ́k lɔɔ́ ɨlkɨdɔŋɔ́ lɔɔ́ isirkôn. -áa

Let's just go to cut into pieces the donkeys' tail hair. replacive LH tone) ‘Singular infinitive prefix’.

See: a-

(+

verb suffix; thither. Óre peê ɛakʉ́ kɛ́bá ́k ̄ ɛnkáŋ, nɛ́ ́lanyáa ɛnkâŋ. When he was just about to reach the home, the home went (running) away (from him). See: -a5 ‘Direction away’; -ári ‘Away plus Middle’; -

Variant: -óo; -ɔ́ɔ. dir. 1 • Motion-away

óyie ‘Away’.

or iterative action verb suffix. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkáyíóní aɔrɔɔ́ ilkuóo. The boy is feeding the lambs. Áasʉjáa. It follows me every day. (W). Ábíkóo tené i. I'll be staying around here (eg. for the holidays). (SN) ii. I'll live forever. (K Pk). 2 • Distributive

áá-

pn.b. Pronominal

áâ1

v.s. Be,

verb prefix for first person sg. subject plus second person sg. object (inverse). Áá ́rɔ́rɔ́kɔ̄ ŋolé. I greeted you yesterday. is (imperfective form). The verb áâ is always preceded somewhere in the construction by another verb, or by the discourse connective n-. Ɛt́ ɔ̂n áâ ɛnɔɔ́ lɔɔ́ ́bɔ̄r ɛnkɔ̂p... (When) the land was still for the Europeans... Nɛ́dʉmʉ́nyɛ

áapuo ɛnadúóó áaya enáíshó najî ɛsɨrɛ́t ɛ́ nkɔ́shɔkɛ, áâ kʉnâ lɛ́ .... They rise up to go to that home to take beer

áâ2

that is called marker-of-the-stomach, and it is these milks [introduced earlier] .... Ɛt́ áá doí apá tásat ɛldɛ̂ áyíóní imeékūrē áâ bíyoto. That boy is disabled, he is no longer healthy. (Pk). Óre oshî táatá nɛ́taá intáirí eishopí, imeékūrē áâ ɨnamʉ́ka oóloníto anáá apá. These days people wear tire sandals, not leather sandals like before. (Pk). Phon: áâ surfaces as [àà] within a phrase. It occurs in cleft constructions in the form n-áa or n-aá. See: a-rá ‘To be’; a-akʉ́ ‘To become (Inceptive)’; taá ‘Became (Perfect, Perfective)’; naá ‘Cleft particle’.

Variant: áa; aá; àà. inter.dem. Feminine

singular interrogative determiner; which, what. Áâ kɛ́ráí? Which child? Ɛshɔmɔ́

inkíshu áre ɛmpárɛ̂t káke mayíólo ajó áâ taá nabô náshɔmɔ́ atúa olêŋ. Two cows have gone to the shamba,

but I don't know which one has gone way inside [the shamba]. See: álɔ̂ ‘Which (masc sg)?’; ákúâ ‘Which (pl)?’; PronounsInterrogatives.

áa ŋáí Who? áâ á ́nyɔ̄ peê [West]: aaínyɔ̄ peê. inter.adv. Why? Áâ á ́nyɔ̄ peê iyeúó ɛnkají áí? Why did you come to my house? Aaínyɔ̄ peê iyeúó ɛnkají áí? Why did you come to my house? (W). See: á

áá kʉ́tɨt ́

́nyɔ̄ɔ ̄ ‘What, Why?’; ɨnyɔ́ɔ ́ ‘What?’. adv. Slowly

(of plural or repeated actions). k ́tɨ ‘Slowly’; máákʉ́t ̄tɨ ‘Slowly’.

l-aá lasá [North]

n. [North]

See: ɔl-asâî ‘Termites’; l-

See: a

Termite mound (lit: Of the termites).

cuú [North] ‘Termite mound’.

aa nyɔ́ [North]

pn.inter.

[North] Interrogative determiner; why? See: á ́nyɔɔ ‘What, who why’.

áâ taá

[àà tàá] That

is, in other words, "ie.".

Einósūā ɔláyíóní ajó e émúóyíáa inkíshu, áâ taá emoyíán oó mbénék. The boy has reported that the cows

ááí

are sick, that is, (by) the disease (caused by eating) of leaves. (W). Emúóíta olóíŋóní, áâ taá ́lɔ̂ láréú sikóni tááisére. The bull is sick, that is, the one I will take to the market tomorrow. [Implies there are several bulls.] (W).

motí ááí [mòtí ! ááí] my pot (SN). Átúmo rrarráti é motí aáí natarrárrɛ. I obtained a piece of my

Nom sg: aáí. pn.psr. My.

pot that got shattered. (SN).

ɛn-áai Mine. Ɛɨtʉ́ étûm ɛnkɛráí áí ɛndáa; ɛáta ɛnáai ɔlɔɨrɔ́bɨ My child did not get food; mine has a cold. (KS). aá ́nyɔ̄

See: áí ‘My’. See: á

́nyɔ̄ɔ ̄ ‘Why?’.

áajo

[South]: áájó. comp. Form

of complementizer used after a pluralsubject main verb; that. N ́kɨdɔl áajo oróréí lɛ́ t ́pat. We saw that it is an important (valuable) word. (C). See: ajó ‘That’; ajó ‘To say’.

áákʉ́tɨt ́

adv. Slowly

(of plural or repeated actions). See: áá kʉ́tɨt ́ ‘Slowly (of plural or repeated actions)’; máákʉ́tɨt ́ ‘Slowly’.

l-aamáratɛ [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-áámáratɛ. n. [North]

Wall inside the house that partitions rooms. See: ol-iaatúa ‘Wall that partitions rooms in a house’.

l-aánkamíníŋi [North] Wiseman.

[North] Nom sg: l-áankamíniŋí

See: ɔl-áŋéní ‘Wiseman’.

n-aápo [North]

?. n. [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-áapo. [North] Acc pl: n-aaponí. [North]

Nom pl: n-áaponí. n. 1 • [North]

Small area in the center of l-oróra camp or any large homestead where elders rest, discuss concerns, and pray. Ideally a fire is kept burning there day and night. 2 • [North] Any place of prayer (eg. church, mosque). See: (nk)anísa [North] ‘Church’; en-kanísa ‘Church’; bɔɔ́ ‘Area outside of the house’; l-oróra [North] ‘Village’; o-sínkírá ‘Hut for girls’.

ɔl-aárani

Nom sg: ɔl-áārānī. Acc pl: ɨl-aarák. Nom pl: ɨl-aarák. [North] Acc

sg: l-aaráni. Phon: The

aáre

long initial [a] differs among speakers; some may shorten it.n. 1 • Beater, attacker. 2 • Murderer. 3 • [South] Defender, soldier. In A this word generally has a bad connotation, implying a pugnacious person. See: a-ár ‘To beat, kill’; ɔl-árani ‘Murderer’; ɔl-arábani [South] ‘Beater, attacker’. Variant: ɔáre; ɔááre. Nom pl: áárē. [North] Nom pl: waáre,

wáare. num. Two (masculine). Ɛáta enkíne ɨlá ́rákúj aáre. A goat has two kidneys. Óre ɛ́ ́rr ́tâ inkíshú népónú ɨlmʉ́rrân áárē. When they are looking after the cows, two warriors came. ɨlŋatunyó ɔááre two lions (W). Kɔ́ɔdɔ̂ kʉlɔ́ párrua

wáare. These two palm trees are tall. (SN). Etymology: PN *aRe

'two' < Kir-Abb *àré 'two' < PNS *a 'n/adj deriv pref' + *ré or *re 'cut in two'. See: aré ‘Two

ol-aásani

(feminine)’.

Nom sg: ol-áásání. Acc pl: il-aasák. Nom pl: il-aasák. [North] Acc

sg: l-áásani,

l-aásani. [North] Nom sg: l-áasani, l-áásaní. [North] Acc pl: l-áasak, l-aasák. [North] Nom pl: l-áasak, l-áasák. n. Worker, doer, one who does. Olaásani ɔ́âs ɨnyɔ́ɔ? ́ Ólóyíer ɛndáa. ́ olaásani otíī What does this worker do? He cooks food. Ɨrā kʉnâ kíshú, anáa ́rā ɔlɔpɛ́ny? Are you a worker herding these cows, or are you their owner? This term does not necessarily imply that the worker is paid, but the worker is clearly not working for himself. See: a-ás ‘To do’; ɔ-sɨnká ‘Servant’; ɔrr ́ndɨk ‘Slave’; ɔl-á ́tɔ́b ́rani ‘One who makes’.

ɔl-aas ́

This word originated when Maasai people began looking for paid jobs. See: ɔl-kási ‘Job’; en-kiás ‘Work, deed’; a-ás ‘To do’.

aashʉ̂

n.sg. Usage: slang. Job.

[South]: arashʉ̂. conj. 1 • Alternative

conjunction: or. May join noun phrases or clauses; often follows ɔ. Tɛ́gɛlʉ́ enkishúi ɔ aashʉ̂ kɛɛ́ya. Choose between life or death. Tɛ́gɛlʉ́ enkishúi aashʉ̂ kɛɛ́ya. Choose between life or death. (W). Shɔ́mɔ áŋ ɔ aashʉ̂ ɔlɔɨnyaŋ ́. Go home or to the market. Shɔ́mɔ áŋ aashʉ̂ ɔlɔɨnyaŋ ́. Go home or to the market. (W). Áításhē ɔ aashʉ̂ atɔ́n. I will stand or sit down. Shɔ́mɔ ɔ aashʉ̂ ɨtɔ́n. Go or stay. See: arashʉ̂ ‘Or’. 2 • At least.

aashʉ̂ aké Unless (as in a threat). Aashʉ̂ aké teníló sukúul nɛ́mɛ́apok. Unless you go to school, I will cane you. (lit: aauí

Unless you go to school, I will not cane you.) (W). See: anáaa ‘Or else’.

Variant: áuûî. interj. Exclamation

women and children; help!

for help, especially used by

áā-

pn.b. Pronominal

prefix on verbs indicating third person subject and first person object (inverse). Áatɨpɨkâ oreyíét. They put me in the river. (W). Áap ̂k ɛntásât ɔlcaní ɛnkɔŋʉ́. The woman will put medicine in my eye. (W).

ɔl-abáai

Nom sg: ɔl-ábaái. n.sg. [North]

Species of tree with bright green leaves, crimson-colored flowers, and a very bad smell; the leaves are boiled to make a tea for washing newborns, the sap is used to remove chiggers. It is common in the Samburu area, but is also known by some in Arusha.

ɔl-abáāī ɔ́ ́bɔ̄r

that has grown in the bush with tall trees, allowing less sunlight and thus giving a lighter color.

ɔl-abáāī ɔ́rɔ́k

compositae; microglossa pyrifolia. Ɔl-ábái

compositae; psiadia punctulata. ɔl-ábái

that has grown in the open areas, where lots of sun makes them dark.

ɔl-abáāī lɛ partulo of ɔl-ábái.

ɔl-abáani

compositae, conyzanewii, microglossa Eliotti. Subspecies

Nom sg: ɔl-ábáání. Acc pl: ɨl-abaák. Nom pl: ɨl-ábáák. [West] Nom

pl: ɨl-abaák. [North] Acc sg: l-ábáání,

l-abaáni. [North] Nom sg: l-ábaáni. [North] Acc pl: l-abaák. [North] Nom pl: l-ábaák. n. 1 • Male healer or doctor for people or animals. He may perform surgery, may pray for people to get well, and may undo witchcraft. Traditionally he works from his home, waiting for those who come for treatment. He has acquired his position by virtue of effectively doing such work, and his work is life-long. Ɛt́ ábáá ɔlábáání ɛnkɛ́ráí namúéí. The doctor has treated a sick child. Ɔlabáani ŋolé láaɨshɔɔ́ lɛ́lɔ̂ keék. It is the doctor who gave me those medicines. (Pk). See: ɔl-dák ́tárrí ‘Doctor’; ɔlkʉ́yántíkí ‘Self-proclaimed healer’; enk-áíkoni ‘Medicine woman’; a-bák ‘To heal’; a-ishíú ‘To recover, heal’. 2 • God, as 'the Spirit who heals my soul'. Usage: Christian.

Ɛt́ ámáyíáná ɔlábáání iyíóók aɨshɔ́ ɛncán sápʉk tɛlɛ́ árî. God has blessed us to give us a lot of rain this year.

3 • [North]

Ceremonial leader who goes first in letting people know how a ritual is done. See: ol-oibóni ‘Diviner’.

ɛnk-abáani

ɔl-abái

1 • Female

healer or doctor; she may bless women in order to conceive and bear children. She works from her home, waiting for those who come for treatment. She is believed to have acquired her skills from God, and thus has a high position in society. 2 • Female nurse who helps in a hospital. See: e-sístáí ‘Nurse’; enk-aitóyioni ‘Midwife’. 3 • Unqualified doctor; "quack". Usage: contemptuous. 4 • Young doctor. Variant: ɔl-abaai. Acc pl: ɨl-aábai. Variant: ɔl-abaa. n. Type

of plant with shiny green leaves and yellow flowers. Mol (1996:2) notes there are several subtypes of this plant, including:

ɔl-abái ɔɨbɔr compositae, microglossa pyrifolia. ɔl-abái ɔrɔk compositae; psiadia punctulata. ɔl-abái lɛ partulo compositae, conyzanewii, microglossa Eliotii. Sth. that is not enough.

abak ́ [North]

See: ɔl-abáai ‘Tree

adv. 1 • [North]

(sp.)’.

Even, also, too. 2 • [North] Reaching, attaining. See: a-bak ́ [North] ‘To reach, attain’.

abak ́ tɛ [North] conj. [North] Although, even though. abárani Nom sg: ábárání. Acc pl: abarák. Nom pl: ábárák. adj. 1 • The

quality of a person who does things in the correct or perfect, ordered way. Ɛ́ ́rɔ ɔltʉ́ŋání ábárani. [ɛ́yrɔ] The correcting person talks. (W). Ɛɨrɔ́ ɔltʉ́ŋání ábárání. The careful person talks. (W). Ɔltʉŋáni abárani ɛnarikínō néyieŋ enkérr. A very careful person should be the one who slaughters the sheep. [S.o. skilled at slaughtering is very careful in dividing the sections of meat according to the muscle and connective tissue lines.].

2 • The

quality of being highly observant and noting details; able to distinguish things (particularly physically); careful, thoughtful. This implies some kind of intellectual "brightness". Kéyíólōū ɔltʉ́ŋání ábárání ɨntaré ɛnyɛ́nā. The observant person will be able to identify his sheep. Káke

abárani oshî olójî Kishoyíán keyíólōū inkíshú ɛmɛ́nyɛ̄. But the one who is named Kishoyian is well-able to distinguish his father's livestock from others. (Pk).

ɔl-abárani

patient, careful person who does things with perfection; a highly observant person who pays attention to details. 2 • [North] A person that keeps a large group of animals perfectly, so none have escaped or been killed. 3 • Thoughtful person, thoughtful man. See: a-barak ́ ‘To do carefully; to do with much thought and time’; árriyíá ‘Skillful’.

ɔl-abárnoni

n. 1 • A

Nom sg: ɔl-ábárnóní. Acc pl: ɨl-abarnók. Nom pl: ɨl-

abarnók. [North] Acc pl: l-abarnôk. n. 1 • Barber, shaver, shearer. Usage: rare, in K. Mɛbárn ̄shɔ̄ ɔlábárnóní kɛwaríé. A barber does not shave at night. Among the Samburu, every wife is l-abárnoni. 2 • Professional barber. Traditionally, this is a person who performs religious rituals (though not Christian). 3 • [West] Someone who gives new names, eg. a pastor. Usage: Christian. Note: Lexicalization of this stem varies: One SN speaker uses the root, would be able to interpret the derived form, and believes it can be used; however for him it is apparently not lexicalized and he notes that "barber" is not a professional job for which one would be paid. For one W speaker the word "brings some meaning", but is not a standard name. One K speaker says this is not a usual Maasai word.

ɛnk-abárnoni Someone who decorates women for dancing. ɔl-ɔbárn ̄shɔ̄ The one who shaves; barber. See: ɔl-

arónyoni ‘Shaver, barber’; a-bárn ‘To shave’.

ɛn-abɛl ́

Nom sg: ɛn-ábɛl .́ Acc pl: ɨn-aábɛl .́ Nom pl: ɨn-áabɛl .́ n.r. 1 • Sth.

be broken.

to

bicarbonate. Used with chewing tobacco. Ɛɨtʉ́shʉ̄l ̄ oshî ɛnabɛl ́ ó embolíê áaɨshɔ inkíshú. Sodium bicarbonate is mixed with salt lick to give to cows. 3 • Large salt chunk, which can be licked by animals. Big chunks of salt are always split into small pieces before use. This is a rather poetic use of the word, and might be used so children wouldn't understand. Syn: ɛn-aɨsʉ́kʉt, ɛ-makát, ɛ-mʉnyán, shímpi ‘Salt’. See: em-bolíêî ‘Salt lick’; a-bɛ́l ‘To break; rock back and forth’. 2 • Sodium

ɔl-abíkoni

Nom sg: ɔl-abikoní. Acc pl: ɨl-abíkók. Nom pl: ɨl-abikók. n.

1 • Inhabitant;

s.o. who has stayed for a long time in an area. Ilabikók ɔpɛ́ny enkóp óotomitó étúrrí ilcóroi. It was the inhhabitants who refused the wells to be dug. (Pk). who remains; remnant. Óre apá peê eidʉ́rrɨ nɛ́ ́ŋʉar ́ olabikók. [nɛ́yŋʊ̀àɾɪ ́] When people left, it was the remainers who were left. (Pk). 3 • [South] Temporary resident. See: a-bík ‘To stay, remain’. 2 • One

n-abítírro [North]

Small clustered burr, said to be produced by a sick l-tɛ́pɛ́s tree. 2 • [North] Sickness of small stock affecting the mouth.

ɛnk-abobóki

n. 1 • [North]

Nom sg: ɛnk-ábobóki. Acc pl: ɨnk-abobók. Nom pl: ɨnk-

ábobok. n. 1 • Piece of bark from a tree. Eitáyíó ɛnkáyíóní ɛnkabobóki tɔ lcáni. The boy has removed the bark from the tree. enkabobóki ó sókêt bark of the osókêt tree (W).

Enkabobóki ó lcaní ótóyíó ɛyákā Kérínâ kokoô ɛnyɛ́ méínokíé ɛnk ́má. It is a dry piece of bark from a tree that Kerina took to his grandmother to use for firewood. Óre tɛn ́ntáyu enkabobóki ti órioŋ ɔlcaní náa éísīdāī tɛn ́kɨnyʉ́ enkopitó. When you remove a piece of bark

from a tree, it is good to remove the white inner side of it. (Pk). See: enk-opitó ‘Strap; gum on inner side of bark’; e-sipisípí ‘Gum on stripped tree’; n-kasotóki [North] ‘Bark’. emaciated person. Usage: perjorative. Ɛitáā emuoyíán ɔltʉŋáni ɛnkabobóki. The sickness has made the person emaciated. 2 • Despicable

ɔl-abobóki [South] Scar. See: en-kiporôî ‘Scar’. ɛn-ábóóí Nom sg: ɛn-abooí. n. Sp. of wild plant which is not used for

anything. Cows generally don't eat it, but it is not poisonous to them. Grows in places where water deposits silt. Plant of the potato family. The above-ground stalks of the plant have starshaped leaves or "heads" with seven narrow points. (Mol 96.002). solanaceae; datura stramonium. Ɛbʉlʉ́ ɛnaboóí tɛ olmúuatɛ. Datura

grows in a deserted home. Note: K dialect uses sg. form in both sg. and pl. situations. See: ɛm-páleki ‘Datura’; ɔl-mʉrʉ́nkʉ́i ‘Irish potato’; ol-gisóyiaî ‘Type of edible root’.

Nk-abóótoni [North]

[North] Acc pl: nk-abóótok. n. Usage: plural.

[North] Ndorobo people living among the Turkana.

abórī Nom sg: áborí. [North] Nom sg: ábori. n.r. 1 • Underneath. Etíī ɛnkáyíóní abórī ɔlcaní. The boy is under the tree. abórī ɛ m ́sa under the table. Óre oshî ɨntɔná ɔɔ́ lkeék némélio amʉ̂ abórī ɛnkɔ̂p etíī. The roots of trees are not seen because they are underground. (Pk).

at a lower level; lower regions. Etíī olówuarú márâ abórī ɔlásʉ́ráí. The leopard is below the snake. (W). 2 • Below;

Etíī inkíshu abórī ɔldóínyíó. The cows are at the foot of the hill. (Pk). Elóítō ɔlpáyian abórī ɔlkɛjʉ́. The man is going downstream. Ɛshɔmɔ́ enkítok abórī ídía áŋ. Doris has gone down to that home. Ɛshɔmɔ́ abórī olêŋ. He has gone too far down. (Pk). Etíī ɛnkáyíóní abórī ɛnkápʉ́nɛ́ The boy is inside the cave (at the bottom of the cave). Ant: shʉ́mátá ‘Up, above, on top of’. See: a-doyíó ‘To drop down’.

ol-abúáani

Nom sg: ɔl-ábúáání. Acc pl: ɨl-abuáák. Nom pl: ɨl-ábúáák.

[West] Acc sg: ol-abúani. n. 1 • Shouter

(eg. seller of wares on the

street; elder who rebukes loudly). 2 • Barker (eg. a dog). 3 • [West] Person specialized in removing children's front teeth; [South] Person specialized in removing children's front teeth.

enk-abúáani Female remover of teeth; shouter. See: a-búák ‘To shout, bark’.

ɔl-abʉrrâ

Nom sg: ɔl-ábʉrrâ. Acc pl: ɨl-abʉ̂rr. Nom pl: ɨl-ábʉrr. [North] Acc

pl: l-abʉ́rr. [North] Nom pl: l-abʉ́rr. n. 1 • Foam,

froth, bubbles (from milk, soap, etc.). ɔlabʉrrâ lɛ kʉ́lɛ̄ froth of the milk. ɔlabʉrrâ lɛ nkárɛ́ foam of the water. Eitáyīō oldîâ ótookó oldíîp ɨlabʉ̂rr tɛ nkʉtʉ́k. The dog that drank acaricide has discharged froth from the mouth. Etupúkūō ɔlábʉrrâ tɛ nkʉtʉ́k é nkíné. Foam has started coming out of the goat's mouth. See: l-ámpûp [North] ‘Foam on water’. 2 • [South] Disease that causes foaming. 3 • Grass sp.

a-ác [North]

v. 1 • [North]

To get stuck in the throat. 2 • [North] To cause a brief delay. 3 • [North] To pinch snuff.

a-acʉ́ [North] v.dir. [North] To pinch a bit of snuff. acê [North] interj. [North] Thank you. See: ashê ‘Thank you’.

n-acê [North]

Gratitude, thankfulness. 2 • [North] A gift of appreciation, usually something small like a few shillings to buy a cup of tea.

l-ácê [North]

1 • [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-acé. [North] Acc pl: l-acáú. [North] Nom pl: l-

ácau. n. 1 • [North] Male calf. 2 • [North] Baby boy. See: ɔl-áshê ‘Male calf, young boy’.

nk-ácê [North] [North] Cow calf. l-acɛpáni [North] [North] Nom sg: l-ácɛpáni. [North] Acc pl: l-acɛpák. [North] Nom pl: l-ácɛpák. n. 1 • [North]

S.o. or sth. which goes along

side. 2 • [North] Radius bone of the arm. 2 • [North] Alter boy. See: ɔl-ashɛ́pani ‘Follower, gully’; a-cɛ́p [North] ‘To follow alongside’; a-shɛ́p ‘To traverse’.

l-ácɛrɛ [North]

Nom sg: l-ácɛ́rɛ. n. [North]

áshɛ́rɨ ‘Tick’; ɔl-mársáŋua ‘Maggot’.

l-ácéyíó [North]

l-ácʉ́mpá ́ [North]

Louse.

See: ɛ-láshéí ‘Louse’.

[North] Nom sg: l-acʉmpá .́ [North] Acc pl: l-acʉmpá.

[North] Nom pl: l-ácʉmpá. n. [North] 2 • Food

ɔl-adakíté

See: ɔl-

[North] Nom sg: l-aceyíó. [North] Acc pl: l-ácé. [North] Nom

pl: l-acé. n. [North]

ɔl-adak ́ta

Maggot.

n. 1 • Food.

White person, European.

dish. See: ɛn-dáa ‘Food’; a-daá ‘To eat, feed, graze’. Nom sg: ɔl-ádakíté. n. Food;

See: ɔl-dákéí ‘The

ɛnk-adaláwuo

eating’.

food dish.

Syn: ɛn-dáa

‘Food’.

Nom sg: ɛnk-ádaláwuo. Acc pl: ɨnk-adalawuoní. Nom

pl: ɨnk-ádalawuoní. n. 1 • Small

piece of wood or bone worn around the wrist and fastened with a small string, meant to protect the wrist from being hit with the string of the bow when shooting an arrow. Ɛt́ ɛ́ɛn ́ á ɔlpáyian ɛnkadaláwuo tɛ nkaɨná. The man has tied a wrist protector on his hand. 2 • A small bracelet, perhaps of beads, for decoration. See: ɛ́n-

k ́r ́nâ ‘Bracelet’.

ɔl-adalʉ́

Nom sg: ɔl-ádalʉ́. n. 1 • Heat,

warmth. 2 • Hot season, when the heavy rains do not occur, ie. September to about the end of January or February. 3 • January; a month in the Maasai calendar, approximately coinciding with January-February, which are the hottest months over much of Maasailand. (However, the meaning of such specific month(s) is not uniform throughout Maasailand, because climactic conditions differ from highlands to lowlands.). 5 • [West] Sth. that gives out light very strongly (eg. sun). See: adál ‘To scorch’; ɔl-ári ‘Rainy season’.

l-adasikíné [North]

adé

[North] Nom sg: l-ádasikíné. n. [North]

Small chattering squirrel species, similar in appearance to a gopher (lit: 'which sucks the goat', based on the sound it makes). See: adás ‘To milk into the mouth’; en-kíné ‘Goat’. in the day, presently. Elotú ɔlpáyian adé. The man will come later on today. Máapé tɛnákatá peê mɛ́ ́ŋátaa iyíóók adé. Let us go now so that he does not miss us in the evening. (Pk). Kipúó adé. We will go later. 2 • Later. adv. 1 • Later

adákē

‘later just’. 1 • Later. 2 • Later in the day. Ant: dúóó ‘Earlier today’. See: tɛnákatá ‘Immediately’; tááisére ‘Tomorrow’; kɛnyá ‘Later on in life’. Etymology: adé aké

ɔl-ádítárí Nom pl: il-áditariní. n. Doctor. Ɛkɛ́púóí áaud inkɛ́ra tááisére iláditariní. Children will be vaccinated (injected) tomorrow by doctors. (Pk). Etymology: dák ́tárrí ‘Doctor’.

a-adɔ́

Variant: a-ɔdɔ́

< English doctor. See: ɔl-

[North]. In some suffixed forms: adɔr. v.s. 1 • To be saliently extended in one dimension; be tall or high (eg. of a person, many animals, tree, mountain); be long (eg. of a snake,

stick, length of tape). Ɛadɔ́. He is tall. Ɛadɔ́ ilméutîn áàlàŋɨltʉ́ŋáná. Giraffes are taller than people. (K)áaadɔ̂ enkítok. My wife is tall. (lit: 'The woman talls me.') (Pk). (K)áaadɔ̂ inkítuaak. My wives are tall. (lit: 'The women tall me.') (Pk). Ɛátā Námʉ̄nyāk ɨlpáp ́t ɔáādɔ̄. [from ɔɔ́ adɔ] Namunyak has long hair. Kíáádɔ́ enkúmē. Your nose is long. (lit: 'The nose longs you.'). Mɛadɔ́. (Often pronounced [mɛ̀ɛd̀ ɔ́].) He is not tall. ɔltʉŋáni ɔ́ádɔ́ a person who is tall. Kɔ́ɔdɔ̂ kʉlɔ́ párrua wáare. These two palm trees are tall. (SN). be long in time. ɛnkátá náádɔ́ 3 • [North] To be distant in location. 2 • To

a-ɨtɔɔdɔ́r To make long; lengthen. a-adorú To become extended in one dimension; become tall, become long.In some suffixed forms: adorun. Ɛadórū ɔlcánī. The tree will become tall. Áádóru. I will become tall. Kɛ́bʉlʉ́ olcáni aadorú. The tree will grow to be tall. Ɛg ́rā olkéreri aadorú. The queue is growing long. Etɔɔdɔ́rɨtâ ilóipí lɛ́ nteipa. The shadows of evening have lengthened. See: ɔl-ɔ́ɔd ́ ɔ́

bird’.

il-Adoín

́ ɔ́ kʉtʉ́k ‘Big meat-eating kɨrragatá ‘Giraffe’; ɛ-náád

n. Baraguyu,

Paraguyu; pastoral Maa-speaking people in Tanzania. See: ɨl-Parakúyo ‘Baraguyu tribespeople’; olúmpuaní ‘Ethnic group’.

ɛnk-adɔ́rɨ

Nom sg: ɛnk-ádɔr .́ Acc pl: ɨnk-ádōr. Nom pl: ɨnk-ádôr. [West] Acc

tallness; length, longness. Kóre peê iló ɔlcámpa íyakákɨ olmíwa lɔáta ́nâ adɔ́r ̄. [ ̀nà àdɔ́r ̄] When you go to the garden, bring me a sugar cane of that length. (W). Nɛ́k ́nɔ́s ɛnkadɔ́r ̄. We discussed (the topic of) height/length. (W). See: nk-ádóró [North] ‘Height’. ɛnkadɔ́r ̄ ɔɔ́ nkɛ́ra height(s) of the children (W). sg: ɛnk-adɔ́r .̄ n. Height,

tɛ nk-ádɔr ́ Extended temporal period. Nékinós taá tɛ nkádɔr ́. We had a lengthy discussion. (lit: We discussed for a long time.) (W). Nékinós taá tɔɔ́ ɨnkádɔr ́. We had a lengthy discussion. (lit: We discussed for a long time.) (W). See: a-adɔ́ ‘To be long, tall’.

nk-ádóró [North]

[North] Height.

adúáani

Variant: nk-adórî. [North] Nom sg: nk-ádorí. n.

See: a-adɔ́ ‘To

be tall, long’.

Nom sg: ádúáání. Acc pl: aduaák. Nom pl: áduaák;

ádúáák. [West] Nom sg: adúani. adj. 1 • Keenly observant. This need not refer to a permanent characteristic. 2 • The quality of being visionary, prescient, having foresight. A blind person could be adúáani in this sense. Etódúá K ́mɛlɨ

ajó kégōl ɛntɛmatá. Náajokí ́sʉmá ɛmátua e oŋúán. Nɛ́kɛnyʉ kíâs ɛntɛ́mátá. Nájó ádɔ́l, kóre ɨmbáa kúmok néíŋúaa ɛmátua e oŋúán. Ɛnyɔrr ́kɨ (ɔl)adúáani K ́mɛlɨ. Kimeli felt the test would be hard. Then he told me I should read chapter four. The following morning we did the exam. When I tried to observe [during the exam], a lot of questions came from Chapter Four. I discovered Kimeli has foresight. Note: The preceding example would not make sense if kóre was left out.

ɔl-adúáani

n. One

who can predict the future but does so without using magic; an observant, perspicacious, or prescient person; a visionary, a seer (lit: the one who sees).

Ɔladúáani aké ɔ́ ́d ̄m atodúa entóki naisudóro. It is only a keenly observant person who can see a hidden thing. See: a-dɔ́l ‘To see’; ɔl-arríponi ‘Watchman’; ol-oibóni ‘Ritual expert’.

ɔl-adúŋoni

Nom sg: ɔl-ádúŋóní. Acc pl: ɨl-aduŋók. Nom pl: ɨl-ádúŋók. n.

who cuts; cutter. Etuuróyie ɔládúŋōnī ɔlcaní. The cutter has felled a tree. 1 • S.o.

one who divides sth. Etuduŋókitô átɛ́ ɨladuŋók ɛnkɔ́p néíŋúaa kʉl ́kā ̄ tʉŋáná. The people who demarcates land have apportioned land for themselves and left other people. 3 • S.o. who subdivides the loot, especially cows obtained from a ́ raid among the warriors who went for them. Ɛtúdúŋó ɔládúŋóní inkíshú néíŋúaa kɛwán. The divider has divided the cows and left himself (without any). 3 • S.o. who harvests wheat, maize etc. that is characterised by cutting down the whole plant before getting the grain; harvester. 4 • Attacker. 2 • Divider,

ol-adúŋoni lɛ́ nkɨgúɛ́na Judge, one who decides the case (lit: cutter of the meeting).

ɔl-adúóó

See: a-dúŋ ‘To

cut’.

Nom sg: ɔl-adúóó. Acc pl: ɨl-adúóó. Nom pl: ɨl-adúóó. n.

Previously-mentioned participant or participants. Néínyotóto oladúóó mʉrraní. The previously-mentioned warrior woke up. Népuo áasai ɛnadúóó títō. They go to finish betrothing the previously-mentioned girl. Nɛ́dʉmʉn ́ ɛnadúóó ayíóni. This previously-mentioned young boy was picked up. Ɛshɔmɔ́ oladúóó áyíóní kɛ́rɛ́rɛ̂ arrarrʉ́ imbúkuí tɛ kábât. That slovenly boy has gone to knock all the books out of the cupboards. (W). See: PronounsDemonstratives; dúóó ‘Earlier’.

adúum [North]

[North] Nom sg: áduum. [North] Acc pl: aduumí. [North]

Nom pl: áduumí. n.f. [North]

A tree species used for forage and fence building. Salsola dendroides. Borrowed word: Rendille haqduum.

ɔl-aɛ́nani

Nom sg: ɔl-áɛ́nání. Acc pl: ɨl-aɛnák. Nom pl: ɨl-áɛ́nák. n. 1 • One

who ties. 2 • A person who is like a "middleman" between ordinary people and the supernatural; typically his or her actions involve tying charms (which are not put on animals but are put on people). Alternatively, it could involve other actions such as spitting; sorcerer. Ɛt́ ɛ́ɛn ́ á ɔláɛ́nání inkíshú na ́mɨnâ peê mɛ́nyá ilowuarák. The sorcerer has tied the lost cows so that the beasts will not eat them.

ɛnk-aɛ́nani Female sorcerer. See: a-ɛ́n ‘To tie’; ɔlkʉ́yántíkí ‘Sorcerer’.

l-ágarr [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ágârr. [North] Acc pl: l-ágarrí. [North] Nom

pl: l-ágarrí. n. 1 • [North]

Tree sp. Lepidotrichilia volkensii. 2 • [North] Giraffe. Usage: nickname.

l-ágɛ́sana [North]

Nom sg: l-agɛsána. Acc pl: l-ágɛ́sanak. Nom pl: l-

agɛsának. n. [North] Skin skirt, made by women. The skirt is usually red. See: yóōpe ‘Skirt’; ɔl-ákɛ́sɛ́na ‘Skirt that women put on, typically "purple" in color’.

l-agitîm [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ágitîm. n. [North]

get water for cattle.

ɔl-agúɛ́tani

A long trip to

Nom sg: ɔl-ágúɛ́tání. Acc pl: ɨl-aguɛták. Nom pl: ɨl-ágúɛ́ták.

[North] Nom sg: l-águɛtani. [North] Nom pl: l-águɛták. n. 1 • Carpenter.

Eitáyíó ɔlágúɛ́tání olórīkā tɔɔ́ nk ́pɛ̄rāt ó lɛrai. The

carpenter has made a chair from the wood of an acacia tree. 2 • S.o. who carves things out of wood or stone; carver. 3 • [North] Uninvited guest at a meal; interloper. See: a-gúɛ́t ‘To whittle, visit for food’; a-gúɛ́t ‘To whittle’.

n-agúm [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-águm. [North] Acc pl: n-agumîn.

[North] Nom pl: n-águmîn. n. [North]

ɨnk-ái

áí1

n.pl. 1 • Suppletive

Mountain glen; hollow.

plural of ɛnk-áwuo, referring to a bow, or to the wooden part of a bow with ɛmpító (bow string) removed. 2 • Wooden bows without bow strings, carried as symbols of peace. See usage note on plural variants under ɛnk-áwuo.

[moras as áy, +ATR] Nom sg: âî

(moras as [ây]). Acc pl: áinéí (moras as [áìnéy]). Variant: áinêî. Nom pl: áinéí (moras as [áìnéy]). Variant: áinêî. pn.psr. First person sg. possessive pronoun; my, mine. A: Káa kɛ́ráí ́g ́ra aɨmak ́? B: ɛnâ áí. A: Which child are you referring to? B: This one of mine. Ádɔ́l ́ta enkitók áí. I see / am seeing my wife. Káló aparán laláshɛ láí. I will go visit my brother to ask him for help. (SN). Ɛadɔ́ enkítok âî aláŋ enkitók inó. My wife is taller than your wife. Emúéíta ɛnk ́tɛŋ âî. My cow is sick. (W). Kɛ́ɛdɔ́ oláyíóní lâî. My son is tall. (Pk). Ádɔ́l ́ta inkitúaak áinéí. I see my wives. (Pk). Ádɔ́l ́ta inkíshú áinêî kúmok tɔ ldoinyó. I am seeing my many cows on the hill. (W). Kɛ́ɛdɔ́ iláyiok láinéí. My sons are tall. (Pk). Kɛ́ɛdɔ́ iláyiok láinêî. My sons are tall. (W). Kɛ́nyɔ́rɨ ɛnk ́lâ âî ayíá ánaa eninó. [ɛ̀ŋkɪ ́lá ! áɪ ́ àyyá] My cloth is green like yours. (Pk). Ɛnaáí. It's mine. Ɛnaáí ɛná k ́tɛŋ. This cow is mine. See: PronounsPossessive.

ɛnk-áí2

[ɛŋkáí, two moras at end] Nom sg: ɛnk-aí. Acc pl: ɨnk-aítin. Nom pl: ɨnk-

áitin. [North] Acc pl: nk-aitók. n. 1 • God, as expressed in either a religious or everyday context. God is thought of as one who gives life, creates, is kind, is a provider and is in control of all things. Traditionally, ɛnkáí is the god of the mountains and rivers. Ɛɨtáyíó ɛnkaí shʉ́mátá ɔ́ ɛ́nkɔ́p. God has created heaven and earth. Áatɨpɨká ɛnkaí ɛntábóí. God has put me into trouble. Though ɛnkáí can only take feminine grammatical gender, at least some Maasai appear to conceptualize God as masculine.

2 • Sky.

The Maasaɨ refer to the sky as a dwelling place for God. Etíī ɨnkátampo ɛnkáí. The clouds are in the sky. Ɛg ́ra airowuajú amʉ̂ ɛ́ ́p ́rá ɛnkɔ́lɔŋ ɛnkáí. It is becoming hot because the sun is high up in the sky. (Pk) (lit: It is becoming hot because the sun is facing the sky.). See: képér ‘Sky’; shʉ́mátá ‘Above, sky’. Ant: ɛn-kɔ́p ‘The ground, earth’. 3 • [North] Air. 4 • Moderate to heavy rain. Some Maasai communities associate the rain with God in the sense that God is the provider. Kínotitô ŋolé ɛnkáí sapʉ́k. Yesterday we got a lot of rain. Eéwūō ɛnkaí. The rain has come. See: ɛn-cán ‘Rain’.

ná-aí! Commonly used in prayers and blessings.Oh God! ɛnk-áí nárɔ́k The sky (lit: the black god/sky). ɛnk-áí nányókíé the red god (lit: God that is red). áî [áy] Variant: éí-. interj. 1 • Introductory particle. Néjokí apá ɔlápʉ́tání, "Áî káyīēū apá inkíshú." The father-in-law tells him, "Now I want my cows.". Ká ai etíī? Where is it?

(Pk). Note: This word should not be confused with káa ái 'What else?" 2 • Interrogative particle for certain polar ("yes/no") questions. (K)áî iyíé ɔ́shɔmɔ́ ɔlkɛjʉ́ádɔ́? [(K)áy ìyyé] Is it you that has gone to Kajiado? (W). (K)áî nɨnnyɛ́ ɔ́shɔmɔ́? Is it him/her that has gone? (W).

(ɛnk-)á 2́

[one mora áy, -ATR] Variant: ká .́ Nom sg: (ɛnk-)â .̂ n. 1 • Another

one

(fem), the other one. (ɛnk-)á ́ Another (W). Eéwuo ɛná k ́tɛŋ. Néítókí alotú ɛnkâî aɨg ́l. This cow came. Then another one came also. (W). Ájó áípótu meéu ɛnâ shótó ó lgûɛ̂ nɛ́arári aló ɛnká ́ shótó. I tried to call him to come to this side of the road; then he kept on going towards the other side. (Pk). intapʉ́ka aré sikítō sapúkī ɔ́ ɛnká ́ kɨt ́ olêŋ [wɛ́nkáɪ ́] two big yellow owers and another very small

one. Note: This means that the 'other small one' is definitely also a yellow flower. Óre ɛná titó botór nɨnyɛ́ apá nágɨrá anapɨnáp ɛnká ́. This older girl was the one caring for the other. Káló ayaʉ́ ɛnká ́ amʉ́kɛ amʉ̂ nɛ́ná ɛnká ́. I am going to get the other shoe because one is here. Note: Ɛnká ́ implies a specific one, even if indefinite. Nárɛ́ʉ́ mɛtáaratá ó loiŋóni lɛ́nda ká ́ áŋ. I drove it to fight together with the bull of the other family. (W). A: Ílótú tááisére? B: Á'ā. Káke kálótú á ́ ɔlɔ́ŋ. A: Can you come tomorrow? B: No. But I'll come some other day. (W). nká ́ párrî another day (SN, S). á ́ ɔlɔ́ŋ another day (K Pk S KS) another day. ...ɔ mɛtábâ ánaa nélōtū pápaí lɛ́nyɛ á ́ ɔlɔ́ŋ. ...until their father came another day. 2 • Feminine Indefinite demonstrative pronoun; another (feminine thing). 3 • Place gender indefinite pronoun; another (place). Note: When used with reference to time, á ́ references an indefinite future, but not indefinite past. Cf. ídîâ 'other'. See: Pronouns-Indefinite; lɨká ̄ ‘Other (masc)’; kulîê ‘Others’.

ɛnk-áí pʉs-ɔ́shɔ́kɛ

of mercy (lit: God of the blue stomach). Pʉ̂s ɔ́shɔ́kɛ cannot be used to refer to a human-being; it is strictly reserved for God.

a ́ashʉ̂

or.

Note: A

n.prop. God

non-standard idiolectal variant of arashʉ̂ or aashʉ̂.conj.

conjunction; or. Tɛ́gɛlʉ́ enkishúí a ́ashʉ̂ kɛɛ́ya Choose between life or death. See: arashʉ̂ ‘Or’. 2 • At least. 3 • Unless. 1 • Alternative

ɔl-á ́bártani

Nom sg: ɔl-aɨbártani. Acc pl: ɨl-á

́bártak. Nom pl: ɨlaɨbártak. [North] Nom sg: l-á ́bartaní, l-aɨbártani. [North] Nom pl: laɨbarták. n. Male initiate; one who has just been circumcised,

who is not yet a warrior, or who is waiting for school to reopen. ɛlɛ̂ á ́bártani this initiate (W). Ɛtabarnák ̄ ɔlá ́bártani mɛtáa ɔlmʉ́rráni. The (male) initiate was shaved to be a warrior. ɨnkayîôk áâ ɨlá ́bártak boys (who) are new initiates. This term refers to the healing time after circumsion, when the initiates are still sick or dirty, and are not fit to walk openly. From the time they are circumcised until the ceremony when the intiates come out, they wear skins, do not cut their hair, or take baths. During this time, the initiates will go killing birds as part of their training. The feathers are used for decoration. Formerly this period may have lasted up to a year, in the bush, during which time certain training occurred. Modernly the period of time lasts about a month because of school terms. Also, because there is not enough "bush", the initiate may opt to stay at home. Traditionally women were not allowed around the ɨl-á ́bártak. Traditional male initiates will wear black dress, womens' coiled breast-rings, and isurútīā, a headress of stuffed birds. Female initiates are also dressed in black, let their hair grow, and wear ɔlmárisíán lɔɔ́ sɨkɨrá, a decorated band of cowrie-shells and beads around the head. The term can be used as an insult for s.o. who has already passed this stage, implying that the person is incompetent, childish, etc.

ɛnk-á ́bártani

1 • Female

initiate; one who has just been circumcised and is still in seclusion but not yet married, or is waiting for school to re-open. After circumcision, there is a period of several months when the girl heals in her mother's home before she is married. The female initiate is not supposed to see, or be seen, by men, but should stay in seclusion. 2 • [North] A circumcised girl who is married but has not given birth. The difference in meaning by dialect is because the custom is different: Samburu women are married as soon as they are circumcised, before they are healed. See: a-ɨbárt [North] ‘To watch over’; e-sípólíóí ‘Initiate’; ɔl-bárnóti ‘Shaved initiage’. 3 • [North] Bride. Usage: colloquial.

4 • [North]

The three stars of Orion's belt. Usage: plural.

l-aibelâî [North]

One of the protruding bony structures on a humans ankle. See: ɛ-nauré kokóyo ‘Bones on sides of ankle’; e-múrt ɛ́ nkɛjʉ́; ol-ouré kokóyo; ɛ-rʉ́bátá ɛ́ nkɛjʉ́ ‘Ankle’; ol-oidólokî [South] ‘Ankle’.

ɔl-á ́bɛ́lɛ́kɛ́nyani Nom pl: ɨl-á

Nom sg: l-áíbelâî. n. [North]

Nom sg: ɔl-aɨbɛlɛkɛ́nyani. Acc pl: ɨl-aɨbɛlɛkɛnyák.

́bɛlɛkɛnyák. n. Interpreter; changer. ɔlá ́bɛ́lɛ́kɛ́nyani lɛ́ nkʉ́tʉ́k Translator/ interpreter of the language. See: a-ɨbɛlɛkɛ́ny ‘To turn’.

ɛn-áíbón

Nom sg: ɛn-aibón. n.sg. 1 • Magic,

divination, or prophecy of ol-oibóni, which is manifested in the form of a cure, a curse, or an explanation. ɛnâ áíbón [ɛ̀ná àìbòn] this magic (W).

Ɛshɔmɔ́ ɨlmʉ́rrán oloibóni á ́ŋɔ̄rʉ̄ ɛnáíbón peê epuo enjóré. The warriors have gone to the magician to look for advice so that they can go for raids. (ie. to find out the success of upcoming raids). See: a-ibón ‘To perform office of ritual expert’; ol-oibóni ‘Prophet’. 2 • Witchcraft. When ol-oibóni prepares ɛn-áíbón as a treatment for disease or a curse, he mixes herbs together and give them to his patient. See: e-sakutét; ɛ-sákutore; ɛ-sɛtán ‘Witchcraft’; n-gurúpore [North] ‘Witchcraft’.

ɔl-aibóni

Nom sg: ɔl-áíboni. Acc pl: ɨl-áíbonok. Nom pl: ɨl-áíbonok. n.

Diviner, sorcerer, witch doctor.

ɔl-aibóoni

See: ol-oibóni ‘Diviner’.

Nom sg: ɔl-áíbóóní. Acc pl: ɨl-aiboók. Nom pl: ɨl-áíbóók. n. S.o.

or sth. that prevents, in a very general sense. ɛlɛ̂ aibóoni this protector (W). Óre ɛlɛ̂ shaní náā ɔlaibóōnī lɛ́ muoyíán. This medicine is the preventer of disease. See: a-ibók ‘To prevent’; a-ibón ‘To foretell’.

ɔl-aɨbʉ́ŋani

[North] Nom sg: l-á

́bʉŋanî. [North] Acc pl: l-aɨbʉŋák. [North] Nom pl: l-á ́bʉnák. n. 1 • Catcher, holder, keeper, bearer. 2 • [North] One of two sponsors who holds an initiate at his circumcision. One holds his back, and the other his leg. See: a-

ɨbʉ́ŋ ‘To catch’.

ɛnk-aɨbʉ́ŋani ɛ́ nkɛ́ráí

n.phrase. Fostermother,

holder of a child who is sucking).

l-aiburukúci [North]

wet nurse (ie. the

[North] Nom sg: l-áíburukúci. [North] Acc pl: l-

aɨbʉ́rʉkʉ́c. [North] Nom pl: l-á ́bʉrʉkʉ́c. n. [North] Kneecap. bʉrʉkʉ́sh ‘To dislocate’.

l-aɨcɨm ́ [North]

See: a-

Variant: l-ɔɨcɨm .́ [North] Nom sg: l-á

́cɨm .́ n. [North] Tree sp. whose wood is used to make headrests and whose root is edible. See: ɔl-aɨshɨmɨ ‘Tree sp.’.

l-aɨc ́rani [North]

́cɨranî. [North] Acc pl: l-aɨcɨrák. [North] Nom pl: l-á ́cɨrák. n. [North] Mourner, bereaved person. See: ɔl-aɨsh ́ranī ‘Survivor, mourner’; a-sh ́r ‘To weep, cry’; a-ɨc ́r [North] ‘To weep, cry’.

n-áícó [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-á

[North] Nom sg: n-aicó. [North] Acc pl: n-áící. [North] Nom

pl: n-aicí. n. [North]

áíshó ‘Beer, honey’.

Alcoholic beverage, esp. local mead.

See: ɛn-

n-áícó ɛ lotóro [North] [North] Honey (lit: honey of bees). ɛnk-aɨdáshɛ Nom sg: ɛnk-á ́dashɛ́. Acc pl: ink-aidáshen. Nom pl: inkáídashén. n. Shoe. Usage: colloquial (K); archaic (W). Tɔrrɔ́nɔ́ ɛndá á ́dashɛ́. That shoe is bad. (W). Ɛtʉ́mʉ́sánɨtâ kʉndâ áídashén olêŋ. Those shoes are very old. (W). See: a-ɨdásh ‘To trample’. See: ɛn-amʉ́kɛ ‘Shoe’.

l-aidéloki [North]

[Mt. Kulal]; l-aidóloki. [North] Nom sg: l-áídelokí, l-áídolokí. [North] Acc pl: l-aidélok, laidólok. [North] Nom pl: l-áídelok, l-áídolok. n. [North] Elbow. See: ol-oidólol ‘Elbow’.

ɔl-á ́dɛ́t ́dɛ́tani

Variant: l-aidélokî

Nom sg: ɔl-aɨdɛtɨdɛ́tani. Acc pl: ɨl-á

́dɛ́t ́dɛ́tak. Nom pl: ɨlaɨdɛtɨdɛ́tak. [North] Nom sg: l-á ́dɛtɨdɛ́tanî. [North] Nom pl: lá ́dɛtɨdɛ́tak. n. 1 • One who dreams and is able to make correct predictions from the dreams; prophet, visionary. Ɛɨdɛtɨdɛ́tūā ɔlaɨdɛtɨdɛ́tani ajó kélotú olámeyu. The dreamer has

dreamt that famine will come. See: ol-oibóni ‘Magician’. 2 • One who talks about dreams, hopes, or desires without actually acting upon them. Usage: contemptuous.

Ɔlá ́dɛ́t ́dɛ́tani Kónené amʉ̂ eyíéú nɛakʉ̂ olbúnkéí. Konene is a dreamer because he wants to be a member of parliament. (W). 3 • One who dreams while asleep. See: a-ɨdɛtɨdɛ́t ‘To dream’.

n-á ́dɨk ɔ́ ltaʉ [North]

́d ́k ɔ́ ltaʉ. Acc pl: n-áídikí ɔɔ́ ltaʉjá. Nom pl: n-áídikí ɔ́ɔ ltaʉjá. n. [North] Soft part on the front of the neck. Syn: ɛn-á ́ŋaŋ ɔ́ ltaʉ ‘The soft part on the front part of neck’. See: ɔl-táʉ́ ‘Heart’.

ol-aidóloki [South]

Nom sg: n-á

[North] Acc sg: l-aidóloki. Variant: ol-oidólokî.

Nom sg: ol-aidólokî. Acc pl: il-aidólok. Nom pl: il-áídolok. n. Ankle;

[North] Ankle; [South] Ankle. See: ol-oidólokî [South] ‘Ankle’; emúrt ɛ́ nkɛ́jʉ́; ol-ouré kokóyo; ɛ-rʉbatá ɛ́ nkɛ́jʉ́ ‘Ankle’; l-aibelâî [North] ‘Ankle’.

ɛn-aɨdʉ́rra

Nom sg: ɛn-á

́dʉrra. Acc pl: ɨn-aɨdʉrrarritín. Nom pl: ɨná ́dʉrrarritín. [West] Acc pl: ɨ-naá ́durra. [West] Nom pl: ɨ-náaidʉrra. n. Migration, a shift from one place to another along with one's belongings. Ɛt́ ápálá apá ɨlMaasá ́ ɛnaɨdʉ́rra peê édúŋí ɛnkɔ́p ɛnyɛ̂. The Maasais did away with migration after their land was demarcated. The Maasai traditionally shifted from one place to another, depending on the season, searching for green pastures and water for their livestock. Sidaîn ɨnáaidʉrra. Migrations are good. (W). kʉndâ naáídʉrra these migrations (W). Syn: ol-oróra ‘Big gathering of people; big migration’. See: a-ɨdʉ́rr ‘To migrate’.

en-aigára n. Diaphram. See: ɛ-rapátɛ [South] ‘Diaphram’. ol-aigéetíâî [South] Nom sg: ɔl-áígéetíâî. Acc pl: ɨl-aigéetíá. Nom pl: ɨl-áígéetíá. n. [South] Tale. Kɛ́nyɔ̄r ɨnkɛ́râ nɛ́ ́nɔsakɨn ́ ɨlaigéetíá. Children like it when they are told stories. Syn: ɔ-

lɔɔ́nkukuuní ‘Tale’. See: ɛnk-atiní ‘Tale’.

ɔl-aigéroni

[North] Nom sg: l-áígeroni. [North] Acc pl: l-aigerók. [North] Nom

pl: l-áígerók. n. [North]

Writer, author, scribe, secretary, clerk. See: a-igér ‘To write, brand’.

ɔl-aigúánani

[North] Nom sg: l-a

ɔl-aigúɛ́nani

Nom sg: ɔl-áígúɛ́nání. Acc pl: ɨl-aiguɛnák. Nom pl: ɨl-

́gúánání. [North] Acc pl: l-aigwanák. [North] Nom pl: l-á ́gúánák. n. Leader who has been formally appointed (traditionally, or within the Kenyan system of government); spokesman. In more recent usage, this may be used with the sense of 'chief', but this is not a traditional Maa concept. See: ɔl-aigúɛ́nani ‘Leader’; ɔl-aríkoni ‘Leader’. áígúɛ́nák, ɨl-aiguɛnák. n. 1 • Traditional life-long leader of an age-set who advises members of his age-set, arbitrates disputes, and presides over meetings or ceremonies. Ɔlaigúɛ́nani óíguɛnákɨ olpórrôr lɛnyɛ̂. The leader of an age-set is the one who counsels his age-set. Ɛáta ɔláígúɛ́nání inkíshú. The chief has cattle. This person is articulate, eloquent, is able to make his points in a very understandable and convincing way, and can give wise advise. 2 • An official appointed by the government to keep law and order in a designated location; chief. Ɛ́ ́bʉ́ŋá ɔláígúɛ́nání ɨltʉ́ŋáná ɔɔ́taarátɛ. The chief has arrested the people who fought. There are two kinds of chiefs, either a Maasai "chief" or a government chief. A Maasai "chief" is the leader of his own age-set. Typical qualities of a Maasai chief are eloquence in speech, a strong character, and a sound body. A government chief is appointed by the Provincial Administration of Kenya. His role is to keep law and order at his designated location (which is a part of a larger territory administrated by the government). 3 • Judge. 4 • [North] Person who leads in a meeting, giving wise advise and leading the group to decisions. This term may be used of a

person who exercises this ability in a given meeting regardless of formal cultural or governmental position. See: a-igúɛ́n ‘To take counsel’; ol-otunó ‘Age-set leader’; ɔl-áíkúmúnoni; ɔlar ́shani ‘Judge’; ɔl-aríkoni ‘Leader’.

ɨnk-á ́k n.pl. Hands. See: ɛnk-á ́ná ‘Hand’. ol-áíkámpáí Nom sg: ɔl-aikampáí. Acc pl: ɨl-aikámpa, il-aikámpān. Nom pl: ɨl-áíkampá. n.prop. Kamba

tribesman, Mkamba. The Kamba are one of the larger ethnic groups of Kenya. Their homeland borders on traditional Maasailand in Kenya, covering both the Machakos and Kitui administrative districts to the north and northeast of Kajiado District, Kenya. Etymology: < Swahili? Kamba ‘Kamba’.

enk-áíkámpáí Female Kamba person. See: ɔl-Kámpáí

[West] ‘Kamba tribes' person’; ol-óŋúí ‘Nickname of the Kamba people’.

nk-a ́kani [North]

[North] Nom sg: nk-áɨkani. [North] Acc pl: nk-aíkâk. n.

[North] One of two women selected from the bride's family and charged with guarding the raw meat as it hangs at a wedding. See: a- ́k ‘To hang’.

á ́kátá [North] adv. 1 • Ever, never. Mɛyɨɛŋ ́ á ́kātā ɔlk ́tɛ́ŋ lɛ́mɛ̂ sɨnyáti tɔɔ́ ntáleŋo. An ox which is not sacred (of one colour) could never be slaughtered for sacrifice. (Pk). Ɛɨtʉ́ á ́kātā á ́kātā nanʉ́ aló ínê. I have never ever been there. (Pk). Óre ɔltásháláí laáíjō ɛlɛ̂ némētūm á ́kātā inkíshú amʉ̂ ɨmɛɨŋɔ́rʉ. A lazy person like this can never get cows because he does not look for them. Ítódúa á ́kātā oldóínyó lɛ Kilimanjáro? Ɛadɔ́ oshî! [ɛ̀àdɔ́shɪ ̀] Have you ever seen Mt. Kilimanjaro? It's tall! (W). 2 • Other time. 3 • [North] Ever again. 4 • [North] At some indefinite time in the past or future.

ɔl-áíkípiani

Nom sg: ɔl-aikípiani. Acc pl: ɨl-aikípiak. Nom pl: (ɨ)L-

aikípiak. [West] Nom pl: (ɨ)Láikípia. [láìkípya, with two initial moras, one

nal

mora] Variant: ɨ-Laikipíák. n.prop. 1 • Laikipia

(ɨl-Aikípia) Maasai person. Usage: Normally used in the plural to indicate a Maasai section. The singular indicates one individual of that section.. Éló ɔlAikípiani. The Laikipia person will go. (W). Épúó Laikípiak. The Laikipia people will go. (W). Kɛ́ ́bá apá ɨSámpʉ̂r ɨlÁíkípiak. The Samburu used to hate the Laikipia. The Il-Aikípiak were one of the original ol-oshô (major units of the Maasai). During the internecine wars around the middle of the 19th century they were terribly defeated and routed by a combination of other il-oshôn (Maasai units), notably the Il-Purko. Numbers of Il-Aikípiak Maasai are still found among the IlWuasinkishu Maasai and the Il-Purko Maasai. Their last home was on the Laikipia Plateau, Kenya. where the Laikipia Maasai live. Káló ɨlÁíkípiak. I am going to the land of the Laikipia people. Álóíto Laikípia tááisére. I am going to Laikipia tomorrow. (W). Sídáí Láikípia olêŋ. Laikipia is very beautiful. (W). See: Laikípia ‘Laikipia plateau’; ol-oshô ‘Plateau; Maa section’. 2 • Place

ɔl-á ́k ́tálani

́tálak. Nom pl: ɨlaɨkɨtálak. [Purko] Nom pl: ɨl-aik ́tak. n. 1 • One who spies on a community or scouts out surroundings, eg. before a raid on a village, or before deciding where to move to. ɛlɛ̂ á ́k ́tálani this spy (W). Ɛshɔmɔ́ ɨlaɨkɨtálak áaleen ɛnkɔ́p oó ɨlmaŋátī. The spies have gone to scout out the land of the enemies. 2 • [North] Child born not from his or her father; [South] Child born not from his or her father. 3 • [North] Wiseman. Syn: ɔl-áírénkésoni ‘Spy’. See: a-leén ‘To scout’.

enk-aíkoni

Nom sg: ɔl-aɨkɨtálani. Acc pl: ɨl-áík

Nom sg: ɛnk-áíkóní. Acc pl: ɨnk-aikók. Nom pl: ɨnk-aikók;

ɨnk-áíkók. n. Traditional female healer. Sídáí ɛná áíkoni. This traditional female healer is good. (W). Sidaîn kʉná

aikók. These traditional female healers are good. (W). ɔl-á ́kɔ́paní Nom sg: ɔl-aɨkɔ́pani. Acc pl: ɨl-ɔ́ ́kɔ̄p. Nom pl: ɨl-ɔ́ ́kɔ́p. n. Murderer. Kɛ́s ́nyáyu ɔlɔɨkɔ́paní ɔ́talaá inkíshú ɔɔ́ nkɨrɔ́. A murderer who has paid the compensation for murder becomes blameless/holy. (Pk).

ɔl-aɨkɔ́shʉ́aani

Nom sg: ɔl-aɨkɔshʉ́aani. Acc pl: ɨl-á

́kɔ́shʉ́aak. Nom pl: ɨl-aɨkɔshʉ́aak. [West] Acc sg: ɔl-á ́kɔ́shʉ́aani. n. Person who is greedy for food; glutton. ɛlɛ̂ á ́kɔ́shʉ́aani this glutton (W). See: a-atá ɛnkɔ́shɔkɛ ‘To be greedy’; a-ulú ‘To eat heavily’; aɨsɛpɛ́ ‘To be greedy, gluttonous’.

ɔl-aɨkɔ́shʉ́aani-túrúáí

́kɔ́shʉ́aa-túrua. n. Lazy person; lazy-bones (lit: lazy-stomached). See: a-ɨsɛpɛ́ ‘To be greedy, gluttonous’.

ɔl-áíkúmúnoni

Acc pl: ɨl-á

Nom sg: ɔl-aikumúnoni. Acc pl: ɨl-aikumunók. Nom

pl: ɨl-áíkumunók. n. 1 • Judge. 2 • [North]

Person who incites, goads, provokes. Borrowed word: Swahili hukumu 'judge'. See: a-ikumú ‘To judge’; ɔl-aigúɛ́nani; ɔlar ́shani ‘Judge’.

ɛn-áíkútí n. Cut of meat eaten by a group of women together. ɛnáíkútí oelíéki entítō ɛnáíkútí with which the girl [who is being engaged] will be smeared. Kɛ́nyá oshî inkítuaak ɛnáíkútí. Women eat ɛnáíkútí. áíkúyíé [North] [áykúyyé] adj. False (eg. of a rumour). ailéerî [North] [North] Nom sg: áíleerî. [North] Acc pl: ailéer. adj. [North] Pure white.

See: ɛnk-ailéerrî ‘Egret’.

nk-ailéérî [North]

[North] Nom sg: nk-ááleerî. [North] Acc pl: nk-

ailɛ́ɛŕ . [North] White egret.

ɛnk-ailéerrî n. Egret.

Egretta alba.

Nom sg: ɛnk-áíléerrî. Acc pl: ɨnk-ailéēr. Nom pl: ɨnk-áíleér.

l-aɨlɛ́lɛɛ̂ [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-á

́lɛlɛɛ̂. [North] Acc pl: l-aɨlɛ́lɛk. [North] Nom pl: l-á ́lɛlɛk. n. [North] Lower part of the leg, below the knee;

foreleg, shank (of an animal).

ɔl-á ́lɛ́m ́lɛ́mani

See: ɔl-ɔɨlɛ́lɛɛ̂ ‘Foreleg’.

Nom sg: ɔl-aɨlɛmɨlɛ́mani. Acc pl: ɨl-aɨlɛmɨlɛmák. Nom

pl: ɨl-á

́lɛmɨlɛmák. n. 1 • Noisy person; noise-maker; person who makes unnecessary noise by talking. Mɛáta ɔltʉŋáni oyíéú nɛ́tɔn aininíŋ ɔlá ́lɛ́m ́lɛ́mani. No one would like to sit and listen to the noisy person. 2 • Insincere person who may talk and promise a lot of good things, but who is not genuine and has hidden motives; hypocrite. See: a-ɨlɛmlɛ́m ‘To make noise by talking’.

ɔl-á ́lɛ́p ́lɛ́pani

Acc pl: ɨl-á

́lɛ́p ́lɛ́pak. n. A talkative person. See: aɨlɛpɨlɛ́p ‘To talk a lot’; ɔl-á ́lɛ́m ́lɛ́mani ‘Talkative person’.

l-aɨl ́láɨ [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-á

́lɨláɨ. [North] Acc pl: l-aɨl ́la. [North] Nom pl: l-á ́lɨla. n. [North] Upper back between the shoulder blades.

l-á ́l ́pá ́ [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-aɨlɨpá .́ [North] Acc pl: l-

n-ailɔ́ɔn ̄ [North]

n.sg. [North]

́ ́lɨpa. [North] Nom pl: l-á ́l ́pa. n. [North] Tree sp. Commiphora paolii. See: ol-bílí ‘Tree sp.’. water’. See: ɛnk-árɛ́ ‘Water’.

l-áímérrí [North]

Dirtied water.

l-aimététéroni [North] Nom sg: ɛn-á

Rich boaster.

See: a-ɨmɛ́rr ‘To

be

[North] Acc pl: l-aimététérok. n. [North]

Person who slanders others.

ɛn-á ́mɨn

‘Dirtied

[North] Nom sg: l-aimerrí. [North] Acc pl: l-aimérr.

[North] Nom pl: l-áímêrr. n. [North]

arrogant’.

Syn: ɛn-álɔ́ɔ ́

́m ̂n. n.sg. 1 • Darkness. This may also be used in a metaphorical sense, eg. to refer to spiritual darkness. Tenédóyīō ɛnkɔ́lɔŋ nélótū ɛná ́m ̂n. When the sun sets, darkness comes. 2 • The state of self-imposed exile, where community members have no knowledge of the person's whereabouts. Usage: Figurative. Ɛɨtʉ́ ɛ́dɔ́l ́ entítō najî Wambúi tɔɔ́ ɨlarín tɔmɔn, amʉ̂ ɛshɔmɔ́ arém ɛná ́mɨn. A girl named

Wambui was not seen for ten years, because she has gone into darkness. See: a-ɨm ́n ‘To be lost’; ol-misimísi ‘Darkness’; enkwaríé ‘Darkness’.

ɔl-áímónkoni

Nom sg: ɔl-aimónkoni,

ɔl-áímónkóní. Acc pl: ɨláímónkok. Nom pl: ɨl-aimónkok. [West] Acc sg: ɔl-áímónkoní. [North] Nom pl: l-aimonkók. n. 1 • Liar, cheater. Etupurróyie ɔláímónkóní inkíshú ɛ ́k ̄ŋā, néjo ɛɨtʉ́ epurróo. The cheat/liar stole the cows that are not his, and he said that he did not steal. Étúpúrróyie ɔlaimónkoni inkíshú ó lpayíán. The cheat/liar stole the man's cows. (W). 2 • [North] Purposeless lazy person; bum. Etymology: Swahili uwongo 'deceit'. See: e-mónkóí ‘A lie’.

ɔl-á ́mówúárani

Nom sg: ɔl-aɨmowúárani. Acc pl: ɨl-á

́mówúárak. Nom pl: ɨl-aɨmowúárak. [North] Nom pl: l-aimowuarák. n. 1 • Deceased uncircumcised adolescent boy. This term may be used to avoid using the name of the deceased person (W). See: ɔlkɨmá ́ta ‘Deceased uncircumcised boy’; ɛ-nɔɔ́sɨlân; ɛn-dɔ́rrɔ́p sésên ‘Deceased uncircumcised girl’; ɛn-taŋátaŋâ ‘Deceased old woman’. 2 • An uncircumcised adolescent. Syn: [South] ol-kúlúí ‘Young boy’.

l-aimúronyái [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-áímuronyái. [North] Acc pl: l-

aimúronyá. [North] Nom pl: l-áímuronyá. n. [North] A small cartilage extension to the lower part of the sternum; xiphoid (of humans or animals).

ɛn-aɨmʉ́rʉ́ai

Nom sg: ɛn-á

́murʉ́ai. Acc pl: ɨn-aɨmʉ́rʉa. Nom pl: ɨná ́mʉrʉ́á. [West] Acc sg: ɛnk-aimúrrúai. [West] Nom sg: ɛnk-áímuruâî. [West] Acc pl: ɨnk-aimúrrúa. [West] Nom pl: ɨnk-áímurruá. n. Grass species; "Kikuyu" grass. Tɔrrɔ́nɔ̂ ɨlɔ́ shámpâ amʉ̂ ɛtʉbʉ́lākā ɛnkáímurruâî. That garden is not good because the ɛnkáímūrrūāī grass has grown on it. (W). This type of grass spreads and thickly covers the surface of the ground. It has burrs

and lots of "branches". It typically grows in very fertile places, such as in old homesteads. Cows will eat it, but it is a big nuisance for agriculture as it spreads like a weed.

ɔl-áímútíáí Nom sg: ɔl-aimutiáí. Acc pl: ɨl-áímutia. Nom pl: ɨl-áímutia. n. Reed. Ɛg ́ra ɔlaimutiáí abʉlʉ́ tiátua ɛnkárɛ́. A reed is growing in the water.

ɛnk-á ́ná

áinêî

Syn: o-séyíáí

Nom sg: ɛnk-aɨná. Acc pl: ɨnk-á

‘Reed’.

́k. Nom pl: ɨnk-áɨk, ɨnk-á ́k. [Chamus] Acc sg: ká ́na. [South] Acc sg: ká ́ná. n. 1 • Arm (from the shoulders to the fingers) of a person; includes the hand. An animal like a cow does not have ɛnká ́ná. Ɛɨbʉŋ ́ta enkítok ɛnkɛ́ráí tɛ nkaɨná. The woman is touching the child with her hand. Ɨncɔɔ́kɨ emboréɨ ɛ́ nká ́ná ɛ́ naɨsʉ́kʉt. Give me a handful of salt. (Pk). Átárríê náakʉ́nyɛ ɛnkainá. I fell down and my hand/arm became paralyzed/stunned. (W). 2 • Trunk of an elephant. Etymology: Proto-Lotuko-Maa *-kaɨn'arm/hand', from Proto-Eastern-Nilotic *-kaɨn- 'arm/hand' (Vossen 1982:326). Reanalysis of the root as aɨ, with singular suffix as -na and plural as -k apparently occurred in Proto-OngamoMaa.. [North] Acc sg: áinén. pn.psr. First

person possessive pronoun of plural items; of or belonging to me; my (plural possessed items). inkúény áinêî aré sapúkī my two big birds (W) (In this NP, any ordering of the last three words is grammatical as long as they follow inkúény. The possessive pronoun cannot appear before a noun.). Ɨlmɔ́ŋ ́ láinéí kʉlɔ́. These are my bulls. Parts of the body usually do not take this possessive (though it is grammatical), but instead typically occur in the External ́ ɔ́l Possession construction with 1SG as the object of the clause. Ɛd ɨnká ́k áinêî tááisére. He will see my hands tomorrow. (W). Sidaîn ɨnká ́k áinêî olêŋ. My hands are very good. (W). Ɨnáainéí kʉná kɛ́râ. These children are mine. Ɨláanéí kʉlɔ́ kɛ́rra. These rams are mine. See: Pronouns-Possessives; áí ‘My (sg item)’.

ɛnk-ainí

Nom sg: ɛnk-áínī. Acc pl: ɨnk-ainítō. Nom pl: ɨnk-áínito. [West] Acc

pl: ɨnk-ainíto. [North] Nom sg: nk-áiní. [North] Acc pl: nk-ainítō. [North] Nom pl: nk-áíníto. n. Co-wife;

a wife who shares her husband with one or more other wives. In traditional Maasai culture, the norm for a man, especially a wealthy man, is to have more than one wife; this tradition continues. Enkitók bótór oshî náŋāmʉ̄ ɛnkainí tenérikuní aŋ. It is the older wife who receives the co-wife when she is brought home (from her wedding).

ɔl-áíníníŋoni

Nom sg: ɔl-aininíŋoni,

ɔl-áínyámoní

Nom sg: ɔl-ainyámoní. Acc pl: ɨl-áínyámôk. Nom pl: ɨl-

ɔl-áíníníŋóní. Acc pl: ɨláíníníŋok. Nom pl: ɨl-aininíŋok. n. A listener. Etíī entúmo ɔlaininíŋoni ɔ́g ̄rā ɔ́ laininíŋoni ɔ́ ́rɔ. In a meeting there is a passive listener and an active listener (one who talks). ainyamók. n. 1 • Thief or eater involved in the act of ɛ-nyámu. Stealing is considered a very serious crime; anyone declaired to be ɔláínyámoní will be obliged to pay dearly for it. Ɛɨtálāk ̄ ɔláínyámoní inkíshú naáudó tɛnɛ́nya ɛnyámu. A thief will be fined nine cows if he is involved in stealing/eating. See: l-áínyámúnoni [North] ‘Animal thief’. 3 • Traitor, either personally or nationally.

ɛnk-áínyámoní

1•A

(small) thief. Usage: derog. 2 • A female thief. Syn: ɔl-apúrroni. See: ɛ-nyámu ‘Theft’.

l-áínyámúnoni [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ainyamunoní. [North] Acc

pl: l-áínyámúnok. [North] Nom pl: l-ainyamunók. n. [North]

S.o. who steals animals to eat secretly. See: ɔl-áínyámoní ‘Thief involved in ɛn-nyámu’.

á ́nyɔ̄ɔ ̄

[West]: aaínyɔ̄. [North]: ányɔ. pn.inter. Interrogative

question word: What? Who? Why? Ká ́nyɔ̄ɔ ̄ ɛná? What is this? Ká ́nyɔ̄ɔ ̄ ɔlápâ? What is the moon? Á ́nyɔ̄ɔ ̄ esidanó ɛ́ nkishón? What is the goodness of life? Ká ́nyɔ̄ɔ ̄ nágɨrá aasayú? What is happening? Aaínyɔ̄ ɛnná? What is this?

(W -K). Ká ́nyɔ̄ɔ ̄ ́ás ́ta? What are you doing? Ká ́nyɔ̄ɔ ̄ íáwūā ŋolé? What did you bring yesterday?

á ́nyɔ̄ɔ ̄ peê Variant: aá ́nyɔ̄ peê. pn.inter. Why? Á ́nyɔ̄ɔ ̄ peyîê ilóíto? Why are you going? Aaínyɔ̄ peê iló? Why do you go? (K -W). Néíkilíkuan ɔlpáyian ɛnkɛ́ráí ajokí: aá ́nyɔ̄ peê ɨntarrúóyie? The man asked the child: "Why did you make a mistake?". Note: Implication: The child is misbehaving, and may have done one or more bad acts. Á ́nyɔ̄ɔ ̄ peê ́ncɨr? Why do you cry? Á ́nyɔ̄ɔ ̄ peê ɨyáʉ imodíók ɛnkají? Why do you bring mud/dung into the house?

ɛn-á ́ŋaŋ ɔ́ ltáʉ́

[ɔ́ltaʊ̀] Variant: ɛn-á

́naŋ ɔ́ ltáʉ́. Nom sg: ɛn-á ́ŋâŋ ɔ́ ltáʉ́. n. Soft spot on front of neck. Syn: n-á ́dɨk ɔ́ ltáʉ́ [North] ‘Soft spot on front of neck’. See: ɔl-táʉ́ ‘Heart’; a-ɨŋáŋ ‘To pretend to hit’.

á ́ŋā ̄ Variant: ɛ́ ́ŋā .̄ pn.inter. Who (sg.). Ká ́ŋā ̄? Who (is it)? Á ́ŋá ́ ɨlɔ̂? [áɪ ́ŋáɪ ́ ɪ ̀llɔ] Who (masc.) is it? (W). Á ́ŋá ́ ɨnâ? [áɪ ́ŋáɪ ́ ɪ ̀nnâ] Who (fem) is it? (W). See: Pronouns-Interrogative; ŋá ́ ‘Who’.

ɔl-aiŋóiŋói

H-L final tone is right. Confirmed by lk. [ɔ̀làìŋóìŋói] Nom sg: ɔl-áíŋóiŋói. Acc pl: ɨl-aɨŋɔ́ɨŋɔ́ .́ Nom pl: ɨl-á ́ŋɔ́ɨŋɔ́ .́ n. Type of worm that is only found in water. Kétíī ɔláíŋóiŋói ɛnkárɛ́. There is a worm in the water. See: a-ɨŋɔɨŋɔ́ ́ ‘To move slowly in a twisted motion’.

ol-áíŋókoni

Note: This

Nom sg: ɔl-áíŋókóní. Acc pl: ɨl-áíŋokok. Nom pl: ɨl-aiŋókok.

n. Sinner. See: e-ŋókí ‘Sin’.

l-aiŋóni [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-áíŋoni. [North] Acc pl: l-aiŋók. [North]

Nom pl: l-áíŋok. n. 1 • [North]

Bull of domestic cattle. 2 • [North] Bull of other large animals. 3 • [North] A warrior who dies without any children. 4 • [North] A brave warrior. See: ɔl-ɔɨŋɔ́nɨ ‘Bull’.

l-aɨŋɔ́nɨ lɛ́ mpɛrɛ [North]

n. [North]

Spear head, point.

See: ɛ-

s ́p ́l ‘Spear head’.

ɔl-aɨŋɔ́rani pl: l-á

[North] Nom sg: l-aɨŋɔ́ranî. [North] Acc pl: l-aɨŋɔrák. [North] Nom

́ŋɔrák. n. [North] One who looks after; guardian, foreman, overseer, caretaker, manager. See: a-ɨŋɔ́r ‘To watch’.

nk-aɨŋɔ́rani [North]

[North] Nom pl: nk-aɨŋɔ́rak. [North]

Babysitter (ie. one who looks after children).

l-aɨŋʉ́dâ ̂ [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-áíŋʉdâî. n. [North]

n-aɨŋʉ́dʉ [North]

[North] Acc pl: n-aɨŋʉdʉní. n. [North]

A plant whose tuber is eaten raw. It is ripe in the rainy season, when its flower is open. asclepiadaceae. Hyena which travels alone and attacks people or livestock. See: ɔlŋɔj ́nɛ ‘Hyena’.

ɔl-aɨŋʉ́rani

́ŋʉ́rání. Acc pl: ɨl-aɨŋʉrák. Nom pl: ɨl-aɨŋʉrák. n. Watchman, one who watches. See: ɔl-arríponi ‘Watchman’.

ɛn-á ́ŋʉ́rrɛ́

Nom sg: ɔl-á

Nom sg: ɛn-aɨŋʉrrɛ́. Acc pl: ɨn-aɨŋúrrīā. Nom pl: ɨn-á

́ŋurriá. n. 1 • Chewing gum. Kɛ́ ́bʉŋ ɛnaɨŋʉrrɛ́ ɨnkɨláni. Chewing gum sticks on clothes. 2 • [North] Dark gum resin used for the tip of initiates' arrows.

nk-á ́pārr [North]

A period of time two days from the present; either two days ago, or two days from now.

ɛn-aipidí

adv. [North]

Nom sg: ɛ-náípidí. n.r n.sg. Beer

over it).

See: a-ipíd ‘To

n-aipíru kɔ́p [North]

jump’.

(lit: the one that people jump

Any plant which grows straight up (lit: vertical to the ground).

enk-áípóóponí

n.phrase. [North]

Nom sg: enk-aipoóponí. Acc pl: ɨnk-á

pl: ɨnk-aɨpoópo. n. 1 • [Purko] 2 • Loved

Mushroom.

́póōpō. Nom

child. Usage: endearment. Táakʉ́ íyīē

ɛnkáípóóponí, n ́ákʉ íyīē olúmpuaní. You become the

"loved child", and you become the Olumpuani cannibal. See: ɛmpɔ́ɔpɨât [West] ‘Mushroom’.

ɛn-aipúkôî

Nom sg: ɛn-áípukôî. Acc pl: ɨn-aipúko. Nom pl: ɨn-áípuko.

[Chamus] Acc sg: kaipúkói. n. 1 • Wing.

Etúá ɔlɔ́jɔŋáni amʉ̂

ɛtɨg ́lɛ ɛnáípukôî. The fly died because its wing is broken. Ɛtɨg ́latɛ ɨnáípuko olêŋ. The wings are very broken. (W).

Ɛáta ɛntɛ́kɛ̂ ɛnaipúkôî sápʉk. An aeroplane has a big wing. (W).

of sth. Ɛɨm ́n ́ta ɛnáípukôî oó nkíshú. A section of cows is lost. (W). Note: In W, unless the modifier oó nkíshú is added, this word would only be interpreted as meaning 'wing', even in a context where cattle were being discussed. At least some S speakers recognize this word but would use nk-aipúpôî. 2 • Section

ɛn-aipúkôî ó ldóínyó Lower flank of a hill. Ɛshɔmɔ̂ inkíshu ɛnaipúkôî ó ldóínyó. [óldoynyo] The cows have gone to the section of the hill. (W). See: nk-apúpôî [North] ‘Wing’.

nk-aipúpôî [North]

[North] Nom sg: nk-áípupôî. [North] Acc pl: nk-

aipúpo. [North] Nom pl: nk-áípupo. n. [North] Wing (of birds, insects, airplanes, etc.). See: ɛn-aipúkôî ‘Wing’.

ɔl-á ́rákují

Nom sg: ɔl-aɨrákují. Acc pl: ɨl-á

́rákúj. Nom pl: ɨl-aɨrakúj. [West] Acc sg: ɔl-á ́rákújī. [West] Nom sg: ɔl-aɨrakújī. [North] Acc sg: l-áírákúji. [North] Nom sg: l-airakúji. [North] Acc pl: l-á ́rákʉ́j. [North] Nom pl: laɨrakʉ́j. [Chamus] Acc sg: áírákúji. n. Kidney. Ɔlá ́rákují oshî ɛŋas ́ áanya tɛnɛ́yīēŋī enkíné. It is the kidney that is eaten first when a goat is slaughtered. Ɛáta oshî ɔltúŋán ̄ ɨlá ́rákúj aáre. A person normally has two kidneys. (W). Ɛáta ɨná kítok ɛnkɛɛ́ya ó lá ́rákújī. That woman has a kidney disease. (W).

ɔl-áírénkésoni

Nom sg: ɔl-airenkésoni. Acc pl: ɨl-airenkesók??. Nom

pl: ɨl-airenkesók??. n. Spy. Syn: ɔl-á See: a-irenkés ‘To

nk-aɨrɛ́rɛ̂ ̂ [North]

spy’.

́k ́tálani, ɔl-átáúnoni ‘Spy’.

[North] Nom sg: nk-á

́rɛrɛ̂ .̂ [North] Acc pl: nk-aɨrɛ́rɛ́. [North] Nom pl: nk-á ́rɛrɛ́. n. [North] White-rumped swift (bird). Apus caffer.

ɔl-airúkoni

Nom sg: ɔl-áírúkóní. Acc pl: ɨl-airukók. Nom pl: ɨl-airukók. n.

Believer. Óre oshî ɔlairúkoni pɔɔk ́ náa kéíshíákínó náa ɔltáʉ́ Sinyáti órikóo inkiasin ɛnyɛ́na Every

believer is supposed to let the Holy Spirit guide his action. (Pk). Ɛnkairúkoni Kónené ɛ Kenyátta. Konene is a believer of Kenyatta. See: a-irúk ‘To believe’.

n-áírúmpê [North] l-airúponi [North]

n. [North]

Fog.

[North] ‘Fog’.

Sorcerer. 2 • [North] Person who carries n-gurúpore for killing, etc. See: ɔl-ásákútoni ‘Sorcerer’.

l-á ́rrácí [North]

n. 1 • [North]

See: n-árúmpê

[North] Nom sg: l-aɨrrací. [North] Acc pl: l-áɨrrac. [North]

Nom pl: l-áɨrrâc. n. [North]

Wooden disc about 3.5 cm in diameter and 1.5 cm thick, which is strapped to the wrist of a baby and functions as a pacifier. Some people attribute this to the Ndorobo.

ɔl-aɨrrágani

Nom sg: ɔl-á

́rrágání. Acc pl: ɨl-aɨrragák. Nom pl: ɨlá ́rrágák. n. 1 • Sleeper; eg. one who comes from far away and spends the night sleeping in another's house before continuing on; one who sleeps in an area in order to do sth. Eg. A Narok resident might sleep in Nairobi for a night because he has to leave early the next morning by plane, and can't get all the way to Nairobi from Narok just before the flight. Or, one could be an ɔlaɨrrágani in her office to wait for a phone call from Australia. 2 • S.o. who sleeps in a meat eating place, perhaps to protect it. He sleeps inside or outside the enclosure; guard, watchman.

nk-aɨrráʉ́rraʉ [North]

Leather bracelet put on the wrist of a baby; decorated with cowries and a goat's hoofs, attached with string which the baby can put in its mouth as a pacifier. See: l-á ́rrácí [North] ‘Pacifier’.

ɔl-aɨrr ́tani

Nom sg: ɔl-á

n. [North]

́rr ́tání. Acc pl: ɨl-aɨrrɨták. Nom pl: ɨl-á ́rr ́ták. [North] Nom sg: l-aɨrrɨtaní. [North] Nom pl: l-á ́rrɨták. n. 1 • Herdsman, shepherd. Ɛshɔmɔ́ ɔlá ́rr ́tání aɨŋʉrak ́ inkíshú ɨnkʉ́j ́t naányɔr ́ naanyâ. The herdsman has gone to look for green grass for the cows to eat. See: ol-cekût ‘Shepherd’; l-ɔrr ́tɨcɔ [North] ‘Shepherd, goatherd’. 2 • Pastor, bishop. Usage: Christian. See: a-ɨrrɨtá ‘To look after’.

l-áɨs [North] n. [North]

Il-Aisér

[North] Nom sg: l-á

Diviner.

̂s. [North] Acc pl: l-aísí. [North] Nom pl: l-áisí.

Nom pl: ɨl-Áísēr. n.pl. This

is one of the five original clans of the Maasai, named after its founder Naiser, the second son of the second wife of Maasinta (the first Maasai). The Il-Aiser are distributed throughout various Maasai sections. Clan membership is inherited through the father, and one does not intermarry with members of one's own clan. The oloibóni usually (in some sections, must) come from the Il-Aiser clan.Name of a Maasai clan, members of whom can be found across various "sections". Kúmok il-Áísēr olêŋ. There are many ɨl-Áísēr. (W). See: oloshô ‘Section’; ɔl-g ́látá1 ‘Clan’; a-isér ‘To rebel’.

ol-áísérrí

Nom sg: ol-aiserrí. Acc pl: il-Aisér. Nom pl: il-Áísēr. n. Person

the il-Aisér clan.

ɔl-áísíaayiani

See: il-Aisér ‘il-Aisér

clan’.

Acc pl: ɨl-aísíáyiak. n.pl. Worker,

do’; a-isiaaí ‘To serve’.

l-á ́s ́áyiani [North]

servant.

of

See: a-ás ‘To

[North] Nom sg: l-aɨsɨáyiani. [North] Acc pl: l-

á ́s ́áyiak. [North] Nom pl: l-aɨsɨáyiak. n. [North] Worker.

l-aɨs ́gani [North]

́sɨgani. [North] Acc pl: l-aɨsɨgák. [North] Nom pl: l-á ́sɨgák. n. [North] Refugee (lit. one who flees). See: a-ɨs ́g [North] ‘To flee’; ɔl-aɨs ́kani ‘Refugee’.

n-á ́s ́gɔ́ [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-á

[North] Nom sg: n-aɨsɨgɔ́. [North] Acc pl: n-aisígôn. n.

[North] Root which may be eaten raw during the dry season. Raphionaeme.

ɔl-aɨsɨkani

Acc pl: ɨl-aɨsɨkák. n.pl. Refugee;

away’; l-aɨs ́gani [North] ‘Refugee’.

ɔl-aɨs ́mani

escapee.

See: a-ɨs

́k ‘To run

[North] Nom sg: l-á

́sɨmani. [North] Acc pl: l-aɨsɨmák. [North] Nom pl: l-á ́sɨmák. n. Robber, thief. See: a-ɨs ́m ‘To take by force’.

l-aisimúnoni [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-aisimunoní. [North] Acc pl: l-

áísímúnok. [North] Nom pl: l-aisimúnok. n. 1 • [North] One who imposes on others. 2 • [North] One who has to have the last word.

aɨs ́nani

Nom sg: á

́s ́nání. Acc pl: aɨsɨnák. Nom pl: aɨsɨnák. adj. Poor in wealth (livestock or money). Ɨmɛ́ ́dɨm ɔltʉ́ŋání á ́s ́nání aɨny ́áŋʉ ɨnamʉ́ka naágolí ɛnk ́nyaŋá. A poor person cannot buy shoes that are expensive in price. Kárá aɨs ́nani. I am poor. (SN). Ká ́táa aɨs ́nani. I will make you poor. (SN). See: a-sɨná; a-mɛná ‘To be poor’.

ɔl-aɨs ́nani

poor man. 2 • [North] A deprived person.

á ́s ́nánɨshɔ

n. 1 • A

Nom sg: aɨsɨnánɨshɔ. n.sg. The

state of being materially

poor, of lacking; poverty. Étómítíókō aɨsɨnánɨshɔ ɛ́lô aɨsʉmá. The state of being poor has prevented him/her from going to study. (Pk). Á ́bá á ́s ́nánɨshɔ olêŋ. I hate poverty. (W). á ́s ́nánɨshɔ is the cause of ɔ-sɨná.

aɨs ́pani

Nom sg: á

́s ́pání. Acc pl: aɨsɨpák. Nom pl: aɨsɨpák. adj. 1 • Truthful, not a liar; having the quality of correcting things. 2 • Good at guessing what will happen or what will be the correct answer; good at figuring out things. Á ́s ́pani

Sunkuli/Clinton tɛ ncotó éríkóre káke ɔlalɛ́jani.

Sunkuli/Clinton is very smart in terms of leadership, but he is a liar. (W). Usage: With reference to intelligence, aɨs ́pani implies that one generally gets things right and performs well in most domains. ŋɛ̂n, by contrast, is more specific to such things as classwork. Someone who is aɨs ́pani must also be ŋɛ̂n. Someone who is ŋɛ̂n may or may not be aɨs ́pani. (One might be ŋɛ̂n but not be a good guesser about things in general [sense 2]; or, as in the example above, one may be a good guesser, but also be a liar [sense 1].).

ɔl-á ́s ́pani

n. Person

who is truthful. See: ŋɛ̂n ‘Clever, bright’; as ́p ‘To strip thoroughly clean’; as ́pani ‘Truthful’.

l-aisótoô [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-áísotoô. [North] Acc pl: l-aisótok.

[North] Nom pl: l-áísotok. n. 1 • [North] 2 • [North]

Hoof.

Fingernail, toenail.

n-áísúbúá [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-aisubúá. [North] Acc pl: n-

áísúbûân. n. [North] Rectum.

n-aɨsʉg ́ [North]

́sʉg .́ [North] Acc pl: n-aɨsʉg ̂n. n. [North] Snuff. See: ɛ-naɨsʉg ́ ‘Snuff’.

ɛn-aɨsʉ ́

[North] Nom sg: n-á

Nom sg: ɛn-á

́sʉ .́ Acc pl: ɨn-aá ́sʉɨ. Nom pl: ɨn-áaɨsʉɨ. [West] Acc sg: ɛ-naɨsʉ .́ n. 1 • Singed goat's head, sheep's head, or cow's head (lit: that which is singed). ɛnâ aɨsʉ ́ this head. ɛnâ naɨsʉ ́ this singed animal head (The hair is burnt off so that the head can be cooked.) (W).

typically of a cow, sheep or goat. Etíī ɨlpap ́t ɛnaɨsʉ ́ ó ltʉŋáni. There is hair on the head of the person. (In W, this term would never be used for a person except in an abusive way.). Ɨlayíok oshî ɔ́anya ɛnaɨsʉ ́. It is the boys that feed on the singed head (of a sheep, goat). 3 • Singed thing, that which is singed. See: a-ɨsʉ́ ́ ‘To singe, scorch’; ɛn-dʉkʉ́ya; en-kúé; ɛ-lʉ́kʉ́nyá ‘Head’. 2 • Head,

ɔl-aɨsʉ́ɨsʉ́ɨ

Nom sg: ɔl-aɨsʉ́ɨsʉ́ɨ. Acc pl: ɨl-aɨsʉ́ɨsʉ́ .́ [Singular: ɔ̀làysʊ́ɪsʊ́ɪ ̀] Plural:

[ɪ ̀làɪ ̀sʊ́ɪsʊ́] Nom pl: ɨl-á

́sʉ́ɨsʉ́ .́ n. Black ant (sp.), perhaps 2 to 3 mm. in length, with very painful bite. Áatɔnyɔ́ ɔlaɨsʉ́ɨsʉ́ɨ ŋolé. The ant (sp.) bit me. Pain from the bite may remain for five hours or so.

ɛnk-aisúishôî

Nom sg: ɛnk-áísúishôî. Acc pl: ɨnk-aɨsʉ́

́shɔ́. Nom pl: ɨnk-

á ́súɨshɔ́. n. sesanum angolende pedalianceae. Plant sp. Sídáí ɛná áísúishôî This plant (sp.) is good. (W). Sidaín kʉná á ́sʉ́ɨshɔ́. These plant (sp.) are good. (W). In W ɛnk-aisúishôî refers to a plant or plant part that is sour when chewed. There are two types: (a) a small plant that grows close to the ground in clumps, with leaves arranged in groups of fours; or (b) a straight twig that shoots off a tree with paired leaves along the twig. (The whole tree is not ɛnk-aisúishôî.).

ɔl-áísúnkúí [South]

n. [South]

European or Asian.

nk-aisúyiasúi [North] on wet dung.

ɔl-aɨshɨm ́

n. [North]

Tiny flying insect that lands

Nom sg: ɔl-á

́shɨm .́ Acc pl: ɨl-aá ́shɨmɨ. Nom pl: ɨl-áaɨshɨmɨ. n. 1 • [West] Type(s) of tree with leaves or young branches that people chew and chew. 2 • [West] Sugarcane. 3 • [North] Part of the hip-bone; [West] Part of a bone (eg. hip bone) that, when cooked, is chewable. 4 • [North] Tree whose stem is used to make containers, eg. gourds for milk. See: ɔl-ɔɨshɨm ́ ‘Bone part’; l-aɨcɨm ́ [North] ‘Tree sp.’.

ɔl-aɨsh ́rani

Nom sg: ɔl-á

́sh ́rání. Acc pl: ɨl-aɨshɨrák. Nom pl: ɨl-á ́sh ́rák. n. 1 • Survivor after defeat; one who is left alive after a battle and goes home to seek help from others; one who does not qualify in a race, so is unable to advance to the next level.

Etushukúnye ɔlá ́sh ́rání peê ɛɨdɨpáyu ɔlárrábal alikioó ɨlɔmɔ́n lɔɔ́ltʉ́ŋáná oótuatâ. The survivor came back when the battle was over to tell the news about the people who died. 2 • S.o. who cries due to death or physical injury; mourner. Ɛtagóre ɔlá ́sh ́rání tɛ nkárak ́ eidoŋóki. The cryer is upset because he was beaten up. 3 • S.o.

who complains too much. Ɛ́ ́rɔ́rɔ́ ɔlá ́sh ́rání

ɛnkɛɛ́ya oónkíshú ɛnyɛ́nā ɔmɛtáa ɨmɛniŋí énájô. The complainer has talked of the death of his cows until people do not listen to what he says. See: l-aɨcírani ‘Mourner, bereaved person’.

ɛn-aɨshɨr ́ dáma

́shɨr ́ dáma. Acc pl: ɨn-aáshɨrɨ dáma. Nom pl: ɨn-áashɨrɨ dáma. n. Rattle. See: l-kelekelé [North] ‘Rattle’.

ɛn-áíshó

Nom sg: ɛn-á

Variant: ɛn-áíshíó. Nom sg: ɛn-aishó. Acc pl: ɨn-áíshí. Nom pl: ɨn-

aishí. n. 1 • Alcoholic beverage (beer, wine, hard liquor, etc.). Ɛtɛmɛ́ratɛ ɨlpáyianí amʉ̂ étóókō ɛnáíshó. The men got

drunk because they took beer. ɨnáíshí ɔ kʉlɛ́ goodbye (lit: beer and milk) (W). This is said at evening time, and implies wishing another (esp. a man) good food and a good time during the evening. See: n-áícó [North] ‘Alcoholic beverage’; ɔlmarúá ‘Intoxicant’; ɛn-cɔ ́ ‘Intoxicant’. 2 • Honey.

ɛnáíshó oó ilotórok honey. In W, the central

meaning of ɛn-áíshó is 'honey', and this extended expression just clarifies what kind of 'honey', as if there could be multiple types of insects that produce honey. In A, this expression is used even if the honey is not fermented. Ɨmɛɛ́ta apá iltórróbo inkíshú;

ɨlŋanayíó ɔ́ ɨnáíshí oó lotórok ó ŋúési éntim ɛ́nyá.

Before then the Dorobo never had cattle; they used to eat fruits, bee honey, and wild animals. In some areas, when used without modification ɛn-áíshó is most neutrally understood as referrring to a fermented beverage (sense 1) rather than to unfermented honey, as the local brew in Maasailand is made from honey.

n-a ́t [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-áɨt. [North] Acc pl: n-aɨt

̂n. [North] Nom pl: náɨt ̂n. n. [North] Species of water bird. Probably the jacana or possibly the courser (Wagner p. 229).

l-aitacekínoni [North] Representative. put up’.

[North] Nom sg: l-áítacekínoní. n. [North]

See: ol-aitasheikinoni ‘Sponsor’; a-shé ‘To

l-aitaínoni [North]

peg,

[North] Nom sg: l-áítaínóní. [North] Acc pl: l-

aitaínok. [North] Nom pl: l-aitaínok. n. [North] One who takes out or removes sth. See: a-ɨtá ́ ‘To remove’.

ɔl-aitájéúnoni

Nom sg: ɔl-aɨtajéúnoni. Acc pl: ɨl-á

́tájéúnok. Nom pl: ɨlaɨtajéúnok. [North] Acc sg: ɔl-áítájéúnoni. n. Savior.

l-aɨtárani [North]

́tarani. [North] Acc pl: l-aɨtarák. [North] Nom pl: l-á ́tarák. n. [North] Poor person. See: ɔlaɨtɛ́rani ‘Beginner; poor person’.

ɔl-á ́tɛ́ŋɛ́nani

[North] Nom sg: l-á

Variant: ɔl-á

́tɛ́ŋɛ́nyani. Nom sg: ɔl-á ́tɛ́ŋɛ́nání; ɔlaɨtɛŋɛ́nani. Acc pl: ɨl-á ́tɛ́ŋɛ́nak. Nom pl: ɨl-aɨtɛŋɛ́nak. [North] Acc sg: l-

aɨtɛŋɛ́nani. [North] Nom sg: l-á ́tɛŋɛnanî. [North] Acc pl: l-aɨtɛŋɛ́nak. [North] Nom pl: l-aɨtɛŋɛ́nak. n. Teacher; one who makes others knowledgable. Éírúkó ɔlá ́tɛ́ŋɛ́nání peê ɛɨlɛ́p ɛnkɛráí. The teacher has permitted the child to go to the next class. (Pk). This is apparently not a traditional concept, at least for W where this would compositionally mean 'a teacher'; but for that concept the Swahili borrowing ɔl-málímúí is used. Syn: ɔl-málímúí ‘Teacher’. See: a-ɨtɛŋɛ́n ‘To enlighten, teach’.

ɔl-á ́tɛ́ŋɛ́nyani

n. Teacher,

See: ŋɛ̂n ‘Clever’.

ɔl-aɨtɛ́rani

one who makes others knowledgable.

Nom sg: ɔl-á

́tɛ́rání. Acc pl: ɨl-aɨtɛrák. Nom pl: ɨl-á ́tɛ́rák. [North] Acc sg: l-aɨtárani. [North] Nom sg: l-á ́tarani. [North] Acc pl: l-aɨtarák. [North] Nom pl: l-á ́tarák. n. 1 • Beginner; starter; one who initiates sth.; pioneer. 2 • One who begins to have cattle by buying or being given by friends. 3 • One who lacks cattle; poor person. See: ŋásúnotó ‘Beginning, starting’; a-ɨtɛ́r ‘To begin’.

ol-aitérriani

Nom sg: ɔl-áítérríání. Acc pl: ɨl-aiterríák. Nom pl: ɨl-

áítérríák. [West] Acc sg: ɔl-aɨtɛ́rrani. [West] Nom sg: ɔl-á ́tɛ́rrání. [West] Acc pl: ɨl-aɨtɛrrák. [West] Nom pl: ɨl-aɨtɛrrák. n. Person who tends to faint. Ɛtámúíyíá ŋolé oloshî á ́tɛ́rrání lɛ́ sokóni nɛ́ ́tɛrrɛ isáaí aré. The usual market fainter (ie. person who always faints in the market) becaume sick yesterday and fainted for two hours. (W). Note: In A the word "could have this sense", but it would not be in frequent use. In W ɔlaɨtɛ́rriani apparently has the implication that s.o. is trying to reach someplace, faints, moves on further, faints again; while ɔlaɨtɛ́rrani just means 'a habitual fainter'. See: a-ɨtɛrrɛ́ ‘To faint’.

l-aɨtɨb ́rani [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-á

́tɨbɨranî. [North] Acc pl: laɨtɨb ́rak. [North] Nom pl: l-aɨtɨb ́rak. n. [North] One who constructs or makes things; artisan, craftsman. See: a-ɨtɨb ́r [North] ‘To construct’; ɔl-á ́tɔ́b ́rani ‘Maker, doer’.

l-aitíbírúnoni [North] [North] Creator, fashioner. nk-áítííconi [North] [North] Nom sg: nk-aitiíconi. [North] Acc pl: nk-

aitiícok. [North] Nom pl: nk-áítiícok. n. [North] Mid-wife; often thse women are also female circumcisers.

nk-aitiíshoni [North]

Nom sg: nk-aitiíshoni. Acc pl: nk-áítííshok.

Nom pl: nk-aitiíshok. n. [North]

Midwife. Typically 35 years old or more. See: enk-aitóyioni ‘Midwife’.

l-aɨt ́pái [North]

́tɨpái. n. [North] Plant species which has an edible fruit known as l-pʉʉsaní. Grewia tenax.

ɔl-á ́tɔ́b ́rani

[North] Nom sg: l-á

Nom sg: ɔl-á

́tɔ́b ́rání. Acc pl: ɨl-á ́tɔ́b ́rák. Nom pl: ɨlaɨtɔbɨrák. n. 1 • One who makes, maker, doer.

who heals; traditional healer. Ɛɨbʉ́ŋá Jôn olóírirúá, nérīkī enetíī ɔlá ́tɔ́b ́rání peê epúéí áaɨtɔbɨr. Jon became mad (crazy); then he was taken to the healer so that he could be healed. (W). 3 • Creator. Usage: Religion. 2 • One

nk-á ́tɔ́lɛ́ [North]

[North] Nom sg: nk-aɨtɔlɛ́. [North] Acc pl: nk-aitólia.

[North] Nom pl: nk-áítolia. n. [North] regulorum.

ɔl-aɨtɔ́riani

Crowned crane.

Balearica

Nom sg: ɔl-á

́tɔ́ríání. Acc pl: ɨl-aɨtɔríák. Nom pl: ɨl-á ́tɔ́ríák. [West] Nom pl: ɨl-aɨtɔríák. [North] Nom sg: l-áítorianî. [North] Nom pl: láátoriák. n. 1 • One who is in charge; ruler. Ɔlaigúɛ́nani oshî ɔlá ́tɔ́ríání lɔ́ lpɔ́rrɔ̄r lɛnyɛ́. The chief is the ruler of his age-set. See: ɔl-aríkoni ‘Leader’. Lord. Usage: Christian, singular form only. Ɔlaɨtɔ́riani aké ɔ́ ́d ́m ataása ɨmbáa ɛ́ nkɨŋasíá. It is only the Lord who can do miracles. See: a-ɨtɔrɛ́ ‘To rule’. 2 • The

enk-aitóyioni

Nom sg: ɛnk-áítóyíóní. Acc pl: ɨnk-aitoyíók. Nom pl: ɨnk-

áítóyíók. n. 1 • Midwife. Enkaitóyioni apá náítoiwuó ŋotó Lɛmáyian. It is the midwife who helped Lemayian's mother give birth. (Pk).

sth. or s.o. that dries sth. Elotú ɨná áítóyíóní aorishó. That (fem.) dryer will come to clean (eg. urine from the calf's pen). 2 • Dryer;

ɔl-aityóyioni Male person who dries sth. up. See: nk-aitiíshoni [North] ‘Midwife’; a-itóí ‘To dry’.

n-aitú [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-áítu. [North] Acc pl: n-aitûn. [North] Nom

pl: n-áítun. n. [North]

milking.

n-aitúlu [North]

Short, squat wooden calabash used for

[North] Nom sg: n-áítulu. n. [North]

ochre paint on a warrior's chest.

n-aituríáá payianí [North]

Large "V" of red

Short downpour; storm that blows over (lit: the one that scares old men away). See: ɛn-cán ‘Rain’.

n-airrûrr [North]1 2 • [North]

n.sg. [North]

n. 1 • [North]

Thompson's Falls; Nyahururu.

Slip of the tongue in which unintended information is revealed; Freudian slip, blurting out. See: a-iúrr [North] ‘To stumble in speech’.

n-aiurrûrr [North]2

[North] Nom sg: n-áíurrûrr. [North] Acc pl: n-

aiurrurruní. n. [North] Paint can used for carrying honey.

ɛnk-aɨwáŋʉ

Nom sg: ɛnk-á

́waŋʉ. Acc pl: ɨnk-aɨwaŋuní. Variant: ɨnkaɨwáŋ. Nom pl: ink-á ́waŋuní. n. 1 • Type of bracelet. ɛná aɨwáŋʉ this bracelet. 2 • Small round piece of glittering metal at the end of a woman's ear-ring. See: a-wáŋ ‘To be open, bright’.

nk-aiwéli [North]

[North] Nom sg: nkáíweli. [North] Acc pl: nk-aiwál.

[North] Nom pl: nk-áíwal. n. 1 • [North]

ajá

Necklace worn by men. 2 • [North] Small wire strung ear to ear, worn by warriors. 3 • [North] Chain worn by married women, hanging from the right ear. many? How? Énkíloí ajá ɛyáūā? How many kilograms did she bring? Ɛyáūā inkíloí ajá? He brought

inter. How

how many kilos? Inkíloí ajá? How many kilograms? (W). Ajá ɨltʉŋaná óotií? How many people are there? Kɛ́saa ́ ɛ̂ ajá íló sukúul? What time will you go to school? (W). Ɛn ajá? [ènìàjá] How much? (lit: of how much? Ie. how much ́ money do you want to spend; the item is feminine or small). Ɨlɛ̂ ajá? [ìlìàjá] How much? (lit: of how much? Ie. how much money do you want to spend; the item is masculine or big). See: kájā ‘How many? How?’.

ɛnk-ají1

Nom sg: ɛnk-áji. Acc pl: ɨnk-ájíjík. Nom pl: ɨnk-ajijík. [North] Acc

pl: nk-ájíjik. [North] Nom pl: nk-a-jijík. n. 1 • House,

home. ɛndâ ají

that house (W). ɛnkají sápʉk big house. The traditional Maasai house is "loaf"-shaped, and is constructed out of mud, sticks, grass, cow dung and urine. In some areas, Samburu houses tend to be thatched with sisal fiber. Parts of the ɛnkají include: ɛsʉntáɨ 'wall', ɨltulí lɛ́ nkají 'back of the house', kʉ́tʉ́k-ají 'door', ɛnkokórdē 'front side extension of house', ɔlmáírroto lɛ́ nkají 'corner of the house', shʉ́mátá 'roof', enkiperût 'eve' where roof extends over walls, elúsíé 'opening for smoke to escape'. On one side of the door is a room where baby sheep and goats stay. The other room is used for cooking and sleeping. The Maasai house is a woman's property and she does everything that has to be done to it. She builds, maintains, and repairs it. Among the Maasai, the house is used to guage the woman's ability to work hard. A shoddy or dirty house or utensils communicate the kind of woman who lives there. Most women earn their respect from others by the way they handle their houses. Esúújí is a lazy, shoddy woman who cannot maintain her house or build a good one. The rate at which a

woman can build a house is also important. A quick and skilled builder is generally respected and held in high esteem by others. A slow and poor builder is called ɛntʉ́rúáí. Construction of the house proceeds as follows: Néítamany ́ ɛnkají The house is designed, using side posts. Nɛ́bák ́ ɛnkɔ́p The ground is broken. Nétúrí ingumót Holes are dug. Néúní imbókishi Side posts are planted. Nɛ́yɛ́n ́ ɨlkɨr ́nɛn (sg. ɔlk ́r ́nɛ) Side posts are fastened, using double, long slender, freshly-cut sticks. These come in sets of three. Nɛ́p ̄k ̄ iréíta ɔ́ lɔ́ɔm Little sticks are put in to mesh and seal the spaces between the posts. Nɛmʉrɨ ɨsʉntá The walls are plastered, using cow dung or mud from soil. The cow dung is fresh or has been mixed with cow urine to keep it soft. Straps called inkopít (sg. enkopitó) fāstēn sticks, posts, or rafters together. Nɛ́shɛ̄t ̄ ɨlɨaatuan ́ (sg. ɔlɨaatúa) Thē inner walls are constructed, dividing the ɛnkají into rooms. The same construction process described above is used for the inner walls. At this point, a portion of the house can be casually roofed as a semi-permanent shelter, and is called ɔlŋɔ́bɔ́r. The casual roofing is made from a hide. Néshūkī ɛnkají The house is roofed permanently, using ɨlɔ́ɔm rafters, which are slender freshly-cut long stems from a special plant. First, néúní ɨŋápɛta (sg. ɛŋápɛ́) big poles are put into the ground. Nɛ́ ́rɨshar ́ ɛnkají Thick long sticks are put up to the house to assist the slender sticks in reinforcing the roof. Ɛmp ́kátá ɔ́ lkʉj ́tá shʉ́mátá Grass is put on the roof. Then ɛmʉ́rátá the roof is smeared using cow dung or mud. Ɛnk ́d ́pátá ɛ́ nkají The finishing of the house includes: Ɛmp ́kátá ɛ́ lúsíé Putting a small hole in the house to let out smoke from the fire. Ɛnáúnotó ɔ́ ɛmp ́kátá oó soitó lɛ́ nk ́má Bringing and arrangement of the permanent trio of fire stones. These are meant to guard, direct and keep all that pertains to the fire (ie. charcoal, ashes, firewood), and to support the wire mesh that holds cooking pots above the fire. Ɛncɛ́tátá ɔ́ lkɨtára Making of the cupboard for keeping cups, plates and other kitchen things. Ɛy ́kátá oó rúátin (sg. ɛ-rúát) The stick-meshed beds are raised about 30 to 40 centimetres from the ground, as desired. Ɛs ́s ́nɛtá The shrubs are pressed to make a flat mattress which is put on the stick-meshed

bed. (Beds can have a solid bush mattress, or can be hollow underneath.) Ɛy ́kátá ɛ́nɛpɨk ́ ilkeék The firewood shelf is raised. The internal furniture and spaces of the house include: irúátin beds (sg. erúát). There are two to three beds, with at least one big (for the man) and one small (for the woman). iláléta rooms (sg. ɔlálɛ́). One room is for baby goats and lambs, and the other for calves. olgóríet corridor leading to the door. ɨlkɨtaraní cupboards (sg. ɔlkɨtára) for keeping cutlery and other utensils. inkutót little subsections (sg. enkútótó), mostly formed by corners in the house and used for temporarily keeping calabashes. ɨndʉkʉyaní the heads of the beds (sg. dʉ́kʉ́ya), slightly behind where the head rests during sleep. Calabashes are kept here permanently, especially at the head of the small bed. kɛjɛ́k ɛ ndápásh the feet of the bed, in the direction of the person's feet while sleeping. Most beds slope, with dʉ́kʉ́ya where the head rests being higher than kɛjɛ́k where the feet rest. orunkú (pl. irunkûn) the space between the bed and the floor, or between the lower part of the small bed and the wall. This area is used for storing honey beer for ceremonies. ɛnkʉ́tʉ́k ɛ́ruat (pl. inkʉ́tʉ́kíé orúatín) the edge (door) of the bed, which also serves as a seat. ɔltírén (pl. iltírénito) the floor of the house, especially the area around the fire place and beds. kʉ́tʉ́kají the door of the house. ɛnkʉ́tʉ́k ɔlálɛ́ the door to the kids, lambs, and calves' rooms. ɛnkʉ́tʉ́k ɔ́lɨtára the door of the cupboard. ɛnk ́má the three little stone walls for burining pieces of firewood and cooking food. ilkeék pieces of firewood for cooking food and warming the house. See: n-kórrímpâ [North] ‘Small house’; esurúsurî ‘Abandoned house’; o-séêt ‘Small house for shepherds’; en-kisonó ‘Abandoned house’. clan; sub-clan. Eéwuo ɛnkáji ɔ́lɛ Sempé. The family of Ole-Sempe has come. For Maasai clan names and their relationships, see Mol (1996:20-21). 3 • [North] Hole in the bao-game (n-tótoi) board. See: entótoi ‘Pebble’. 4 • [North] Class in school. 2 • Family;

olk-ají, ol-kají Big, huge house. ɛldɛ̂ kají that huge ɔl-ají2

ájî

house/building (W). See: ɔl-ají ‘Age set’.

Nom sg: ɔl-áji. Acc pl: ɨl-ájíjík. Nom pl: ɨl-ajijík. [North] Acc pl: l-ajíjík. n.

Whole age set, including both "right" hand (the first, or senior) and "left" hand (the second, or junior) circumcision groups. Among the Samburu, a l-ají includes all eight phratries. Ɨlcánkéní oopír oláji láŋ. Our age group is Ilcankeni oopir (lit: the donkies that are fat). Each age set is given a distinct name, and these are important markers of the history of the Maasai. The "right" hand of an age set is composed of the first group of boys that are circumcised when a new circumcision period is opened. When this group is closed, several years may pass before the "left" hand circumcision period is opened. For a list of age sets from about 1755 up until 1996, see Mol (1996:12-19). As of 2000, the newest?? age group was named ɨlcánkéní oopír 'the donkies that are fat'. One member of this age set reported that this is because many in this age group have gone to school and are not viewed as very good by the older generations. Women do not have age-sets independently of their husbands. Indeed, a young married woman may sometimes be referred to as her husband's 'first born'. See: ol-pórrôr ‘Age-set’. which. Káji ́shɔ́mɔ ŋolé? Where did you go yesterday? Káji doí íŋúāā? Where are you coming from? / Where do you come from? Káji etíī ɨntárɛ ínonó? Where are your sheep/goats? (Pk).

Nom sg: áji. [West]: káji. pn.inter. 1 • Where,

Káji ínkúnárɨ? How will you go? (eg. I know you don't have money for transport) (W). Káji á ́kɔ́? i) How do I 2 • How.

do it? (eg. I don't know how to do the homework) (W -K) ii) What do I do with it? (K). Káji áíkó tɛnáās? How do I do it? (K). Káji k ́nkʉ́na ɛntɛmatá? i) How did you do on the test? (W -K) ii) What did the exam do to you? (ie. how did it affect you?) (K).

l-ajɨŋáni [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ájɨŋáni. [North] Acc pl: l-ajɨŋá. [North]

Nom pl: l-ájɨŋá. n. [North]

House fly.

See: ɔl-ɔjɔŋáni ‘Housefly’.

nk-ajɨŋáni [North] [North] Mosquito. ajó Acc pl: áajo. [South]: áájó. comp. Complementizer which introduces a

complement clause. Reanalyzed from the infinitive a-jó 'to say'.

Nɛ́ākʉ̄ kéjō aké áaɨnɛnɛŋ ɔlmʉrraní ɛlɛ̂ rinká, nɛ́dɔl ajó éísīdāī. When the warriors were trying this club, they say [saw?] that it was good. Keyíólo ajó kálōtū. He knows that I am coming. Ɛg ́ra iláyiok áatɛma áɨŋʉraa ajó kálɔ̂ ógol. The boys are trying each other to see which is strong. (Pk). Ág ́ra aʉ́t siî nɨnyɛ́ sukúul ajó kálo. I am intending to go to school too. (Pk). See: a-jó ‘To say’.

ɔl-ajúŋoni

Nom sg: ɔl-ájúŋóní. Acc pl: ɨl-ajuŋók. Nom pl: ɨl-ájúŋók. [North]

Nom sg: l-ájuŋoni. [North] Nom pl: l-ájuŋók. n. 1 • Heir,

inheritor, successor. Inheritance within a family is as follows. A man is the head of the family. When he marries, he gives his wife cows, who in turn gives them to their children. Every time a child is born, the wife is given a cow. When the man has stopped marrying, he is left with some cows, goats, and sheep, called inkíshú ɛ bɔɔ́ 'Cows of the homestead;. When the man dies, all these animals are automatically inherited by his firstborn son, along with his ɔlcártʉ́lá walking stick, olkídoŋ tobacco container, and ɛsayéī narɔk blue necklace. If the firstborn son is unmarried when he dies, his properity (cloth, cattle, land, etc.) is inherited by the immediately junior brother born of his own mother. Similarly, the property of any other unmarried brother is inherited by the immediately junior brother of the same mother. A woman's cattle is inherited by her last-born son, referred to as oldúŋórét. If the lastborn son ( oldúŋórét) is married, then he gives the cattle to his firstborn son. The property of barren co-wives is inherited as follows: the first and third co-wife may inherit from each other (depending on which one is barren when she dies), and the second and third co-wife inhert from each other. See: a-júŋ ‘To inherit’.

2 • Caretaker

of a family whose father has died. In KS, this man takes the responsibilities and property of an older brother who dies until the children of the deceased grow up and claim it for their own. This includes financial and moral responsibility for the actions of the children. Eg. if a child is ordered to pay a cow for an offense, but isn't old enough to sell his own cows, his ɔl-ajúŋoni will have to pay the fine for him (though he may call on others to help).

ɛnk-ajuŋóni Heiress. -ak Variant: -ok. nmlz. Plural number suffix, which together with a

prefix a-, creates a noun referring to an animate participant. ɨlaɨtɔríák rulers (from ɨl-a-ɨtɔrɨ-ák [MPL-NMLZ-ruleNMLZ.PL]). See: -ani ‘Animate nominalizer’.

ákát lɛ́ súútî [North] aké

n.phrase. [North]

by women from sisal fibres.

Twine, traditionally made

adv. 1 • Particle

which occurs after the first constituent of a sentence, indicating:

just as before. Nyáak ́ aké shɔ́mɔ íyakákɨ ɛnkʉrmá. Go again and get me flour again. [Implication: Last time you brought me flour and this is exactly what you should bring again.] Compare this with Nyáak ́ shɔ́mɔ íyakákɨ ɛnkʉrmá. 'Go again and get me flour.' [Implication: Last time you brought me sth. else, but this time you should bring flour.]. b • Degree of exclusivity or contrast (perhaps exclusive focus of contrast, or counter to expectation); expression of determination: only, just. Enkiriŋó aké ányá. I'll just/only eat meat. [when offered both meat and fruit]. Ɔladúáani aké ɔ́ ́d ̄m atodúa entóki naisudóro. It is only a keenly observant person who can see a hidden thing. Kóyíánó aké náyɨmá ɛntɛ́mátá. It is only Koyian who has passed the exam. (Pk). Káló aké I WILL go. [insisting]. Nánʉ́ aké. It's just me. [not insisting]. Máapé aké. Let's just go. Nɛ́ ́d ̄p aké nélo. He just finished and left. Ɛnkɨt ́ dáa aké nánʉ́ a • Again

ɨncɔɔ́kɨ. Just give me a little food. (Pk). Míló aké aɨm ́n. Don't get lost, don't stay for long. See: siî ‘Just, also’.

aké dúóó Merely, just because. ḿmɛ taá ílótú aké dúóó amanɨmanaá pɛ́shɔ. You just don't come and merely loiter around. (Pk). Míkíntóki taá aké dúóó atɔ́n aitoŋú tɛ nkárak ́ m ́k ́nyɔ́r. Stop speaking ill of me just because you don't like me. (lit: You just don't keep on smearing me bad smell because you don't like me.) (Pk).

ɛnk-akɛnyá

Nom sg: ɛnk-ákɛnya. Acc pl: ɨnk-akɛ̂ny. Variant: ɨnk-ákɛny.

Nom pl: ɨnk-ákɛ̂ny. n. 1 • Morning,

up until about mid-morning. Kɛ́jáa ɛnkákɛnyá? How is the morning? (K W). This is a way of greeting. K ́tɔtɔná omeúu ɛnkákɛnya. We stayed up until morning came. Eoshí inkíshú tɛ nkákɛnya. Cows are driven to the pastures in the morning. 2 • [North] Sometime in the future; [South] Sometime in the future. 3 • Time just before the sun comes up; dawn. See: tádɛkɛnyá ‘Early morning’; rauto ‘Dusk’; ɛn-darʉ́na ‘Dawn’; ɛnasiríé ‘Dawn, morning’; tásɨrán ‘Morning’.

ɔl-ákɛ́sɛ́na

[ɔ̀lá̪kɛ́sɛ̪ń a, undermark indicates stress on vowel] Nom sg: ɔl-akɛsɛ́na. Acc

pl: ɨl-ákɛ́sɛ́nak. Nom pl: ɨl-akɛsɛ́nak. n. Cloth

-akɨ

skirt that women put on, typically moríjóí ("purple" or maroon) in color. Ɛadɔ́ ɨlɔ́ akɛsɛ́na óíshopito Múnai. That skirt that Munai is putting on is very long. (W). Ɛáta Múnai ɨlákɛ́sɛ́nak tɔ́mɔ̂n. Munai has ten skirts. (W). A man and a woman could each buy identical cloth, but only when a woman puts it on it could be called ɔlákɛ́sɛ́na. See: a-kɛsɛ́n ‘To tie on a skirt’; l-ɔ́gɛ́sána [North] ‘Skirt’. Variant: -ɔkɨ; -oki; -iki. In some suffixed forms: -akɨn,

-okin. appl. Dative applicative suffix, indicating that the agent of the verb is not the Patient (ie. not a participant directly manipulated or affected by the action), but rather has one of the following

roles:

to. Tápala peê áyák ́ ɛnkɨlâ ínó. You do not mind I will bring your cloth. (Pk). Tápala peê áyák ́ ɛnkɨlâ inó. Just leave it, so I will bring you your cloth. (W). Néjokí: Óre oshî táatá néméékúré kílótú aɨrɔrɔk ́ ánaa apá. He said to them/He told them: "Nowadays you don't come to see me like before." (Pk). 1 • Goal:

2 • Benefactive; 3 • Directly

for. Ídúŋóki táatá. You will cut for him. (W).

followed in a line. Kóre ɔpá k ́ndʉ́rr ́tâ áapuo

enetií ɛnkárɛ, ɔlálɛ́ loó nkíshú âŋ náaiturukito, nɛ́sʉjak ́ ɔlálɛ lóo nkíshú ɔɔ́ Ɛmpapá, nɛ́ ́sɨadákɨ ɔlálɛ lóo nkíshú oó Lemeín. When we were moving to

where water is, then the group of our cows was the first one, followed by a group of Empapa's cows, then lastly the group of ́ ʉ́jákɨ ɛnkáyíóní enkíné. The boy Lemein's cows. (W). ?Ɛs will follow the goat. (W).

intensity or intention to do sth. Áasʉjak ́ oldóínyó. He will track me (all over the place, through whatever routes I might take) to the mountain. (W) Compare: Áasʉ́j oldóínyó. He will follow me to the mountain. (W) With -akɨ(n), the example might imply that the person following me has some bad intention and I am seeking refuge in the mountain. Also note the meanings in: Áasʉjak ́ ɛnkítɛ́ŋ. i) He will follow the cow for me. (eg. it is lost and I am unable to go after it). (W) ii) He will pursue me all the way to the cow (eg. I know that a dog who is pursuing me is afraid of cows, so I run to a cow seeking safety, but the dog neverless pursues me all the way there). (W). 4 • Greater

akíni [North]

kinyí ‘Little’.

ɔl-ák ́rá

adv. [North]

Slowly, gently.

Nom sg: ɔl-akɨrá. Acc pl: ɨl-ák

See: ak

́tɨ ‘Slowly’; kiní;

́r. Nom pl: ɨl-ak ́r. n. Star. Ɛ́ ́kɨt ́

ɛwaŋán ɔ́ lák ́rá aláŋ ɛnɛ́ nkɔlɔ́ŋ. The light of the star is smaller than that of the sun. Kɛ́wáŋu ánaa ɨlák ́r. They will shine like stars. (C).

l-ák ́rá dɔ́rrɔ́p [North] [North] Venus (lit: short star). l-ák ́rá lɛ́ sɨrán [North] [North] The morning star. ol-ák ́rá lɔ́ lkɨdɔŋɔ̂ ̂ Comet (lit: tailed star). tɔ lakɨrá In the morning; during the time when the stars are still visible. See: en-kókúáí ‘The pleiades’; l-oisápa [North] ‘The pleiades’; n-kábártak [North] ‘The pleiades’.

l-ák ́rk ́r [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-akɨrk

́r. n. [North] Ephemeral fever, a cattle disease; symptoms include a short fever, shivering, lameness and stiffness. See: a-ɨkɨrɨkɨrá ‘To shiver, tremble’.

l-akɨrr-áí [North]

Jupiter (lit: to mark the sky). See: a-k ́rr ‘To mark’; áí ‘Sky’; ol-ókírráí ‘Rainbow’.

n-ak ́rrɨcɔ̂ ̂ [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ákɨrr-áí. n. [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-ákɨrrɨcɔ̂î. [North] Acc pl: n-

ak ́rricó. n. [North] Palate (of the mouth).

ɔl-ák ́tárr ́ ak ́tɨ

Nom sg: ɔl-akɨtarr .́ Acc pl: ɨl-akɨtarriní. Nom pl: ɨl-ákɨtarriní.

n. Doctor.

Shɔ́mɨshɔmɔ taá ak ́tɨ ɔtábai. Just go slowly until you reach there. Táasa esíáai inó ak ́tɨ. Do your work slowly. (Pk). Táasa esíáai inó áákʉ́tɨt ́. Repeatedly, do your work very slowly. (Pk). Téjo áákʉ́tɨt ́ Say it slowly. (Pk). See: akíni [North]. 2 • Gently, quietly. Ak ́tɨ taá ́mbʉŋá ́lɔ̂ kimojíno peê mínkóyie. [ ́mbʉ̀ŋá ̀lɔ̀ kìmòjíno] Hold that sick nger gently ́ so that you don't hurt him. Ɨrɔrɔ́ ak ́tɨ, amʉ̂ kɛ́ ́rʉ́ra ɛnkɛráí. Talk quietly, because the baby is asleep. Variant: áákʉ́tɨt .́ adv. 1 • Slowly.

3 • [South]

I am sorry![West] I am sorry. This is what one might say if you step on someone's foot, though may also be used to let

s.o. know he has stepped on you.

short bit of time. A: Maria! Ewó shái? B: Ɛɨtʉ́, káke ak ́tɨ. A: Maria! Is tea ready? B: No, but in a little bit (it will be ready). (W). Ak ́tɨ peê ááítáre. (Wait) a moment, so I will escort you. (W). See: áákʉ́tɨt ́ ‘Slowly’; kɨt ́ ‘Little’. 4•A

ol-akítoni

Nom sg: ol-akítóní. Acc pl: il-akitók. Nom pl: il-akítók. [North]

Nom sg: l-ákitoni. [North] Nom pl: l-ákitók. n. 1 • Man

who scrapes hair

off a hide with an axe. 2 • [North] Elder who circumcises boys; [South] Elder who circumcises boys. This expert is known throughout the whole district.

ɛnk-akítoni Woman who circumcises girls. See: ɔl-

ámʉ́ratani ‘Circumciser’; ol-tórróboní ‘Circumciser’.

n-akodél [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-ákodél. [North] Acc pl: n-akodélí. n.

[North] White-crowned shrike.

a-akʉ́

Eurocephalus ruppelli.

In some suffixed forms: akʉn. v.s. 1 • To

become; enter into a new status. Ɛákʉ kitók. He shall be great. Ɛákʉ ɛná k ́tɛŋ ɛnaáí. This cow will become mine. Epúó ɨlmʉ́rrân eúnótó peê ɛakʉ́ ɨlpayianí. The warriors will go to the ́ installation ceremony so that they become elders. (W). Ɨákʉ íyīē ɔ́ nkɛ́ra inónō ɨsɨnkân láinéī ɨntarasí. You and your children will become my servants forever. Áákʉ ɔlá ́tɛ́ŋɛ́nani. I will become a teacher. Táakʉ́ íyīē ɛnkáípóóponí n ́ákʉ íyīē olúmpuaní. You become the "loved child", and you become the Olumpuani cannibal. peê ɛakʉ́ siî n ́nyɛ ɛn ́na áŋ. so she can belong to that family. (W). Ɛakʉ́nī ɨlpayianí People become elders. (W). 2 • To turn out to be, result (in a new situation); amount to. Kɛ́ākʉ̄ nánʉ́ aké ólo Nairobi amʉ̂ nánʉ́ lɛ́mɛ́ ́mɨn. It will just be me who will be going to Nairobi because it is me who is not going to get lost. Kɛ́ākʉ̄ kéjóki aké, máapé! He

will just be telling him, let's go! Tɛ n ́nkɛn ilkimojík lɔɔ́ nká ́k ɔ́ lɔɔ́ nkɛjɛ́k nɛ́ākʉ̄ tikítam. If you count your fingers and toes together, they add up to twenty.

begin. Ɛákʉ ɛmanyatá ilapaitín aáre oópuonú. The manyata will take place in two months to come (ie. in two months' time). (W). Tólikíóki taá tɛnɛ́ākʉ̄ ́tádámua. Tell me when you have begun to think of him. 4 • Could it be? Is it right? (requesting information, or rhetorical). Olayíóni oyamá enkitók? Ɛákʉ? A boy who married a woman? Could it be right? (W). Ɛshɔmɔ́ doí apá/ ɔpá? Ɛákʉ? He has actually gone long ago. Isn't that right? [Implication: so stop bothering me about it.] (W). 3 • To

a-akunyé v.mid. 1 • To become. Óre ɛnkáŋ oó motónyī nɛ́akunyé eunotó ́nâ. The (ceremonial) home-of-birds becomes the installation-home-for-warriors just like that. 2 • [North] To become by means of.

nɛ́ākʉ̄ conj. Discourse conjunction; so, so therefore. Nɛ́ākʉ̄ táatá ɛtagolíkīō doí iyíóók. So now we are troubled [because traditional knowledge and customs are not being transmitted.]. Kʉlɔ̂ oójî ɨl-Kɨsákara ɔ́ɔɨdɨpâ áatook

kʉlɛ̂. Nɛ́ākʉ̄ kájo nanʉ́ ɨl-Ŋɔ́rɨshɔ́ ɛ́mʉ́rát ́tā ̄ ́nâ kátá. These called Il-Kisakara [an age-set] had just gone

through the milk-drinking ceremony. So I think it is the IlNg'orisho [age-set] that were being circumcised that time. See: táa ‘Imperative form of a-kʉ́(n) 'become'’; ɛ́-táá ‘He became’; áâ ‘Be’; a-rá ‘To be’.

a-akʉ́ ɔ́lɛ̂ kɛwán

[ààkʊ́ ɔ̀lɛ̀ kɛ̀wán] v.phrase v.s. To

become self-centered,

selfish (lit: to become the man of self). Ɛg ́ra aakʉ́ ɔ́lɛ̂ kɛwán. [ɛ̀ɡɪ ́ɾa ààkʊ́ ! ɔ́lɛ́ kɛ̀wán] He is increasingly becoming self-centered, selfish. This person has resources, but everything is concentrated on himself. He does things for himself. He doesn't want to talk to people or socialize with people, to spend time doing

akúa

things only for himself, and may isolate self from people for that purpose; he doesn't tell people what he is doing. He doesn't share water, etc. that he has. Even a poor person can be this way. interj. 1 • Congratulations.

2 • Expression

used when greeting a dearly-missed individual who has been away a long time.

nk-ákua [North] ákúâ

[North] Nom sg: nk-ákûâ. n. [North]

Pleiades. See: en-kokúáī ‘Pleiades’; n-kábártak [North] ‘Pleiades’.

[ákúâ] with two nal moras, rather than [ákwâ] [Chamus] Acc sg: líákua. inter dem.

Interrogative plural determiner; which? Counterpart to sg. áâ (fem), álɔ̂ (masc) and ájî (place). Ákúâ payianí kʉlɔ́? [àkùà pàyyàní] Which men are these? (W). Kákua tʉ́ŋáná lɛlɔ̂? Which people are those? (Pk). Kákúā kɛ́rā kʉná? Which children are these? Kákua kɛ́ra kʉná? Which children are these? (ie., we don't know the identity of certain children). (W). Kákua (a)lɛ́ náoto? Which milk is fermented? (eg. out of several calabashes). Kákua lɛ́ íyíéú? Which milk do you want? (W). Íyíéú ákúâ lɛ́? [íyyéú àkùà lɛ́] Which milk do you want? (W). See: álɔ̂ ‘Which (msg)’; áâ ‘Which (fsg)’; ájî ‘What (place.sg)’.

ɔl-akúɛ́tani

Nom sg: ɔl-ákúɛ́tání. Acc pl: ɨl-akuɛták. Nom pl: ɨl-akuɛták;

ɨl-ákúɛ́ták. n. Runner. Einépūā ɔlákúɛ́tání ɔlɨká ̄. The runner caught up with the other one. See: a-kúɛ́t ‘To run’.

ɔl-akúí1

[ɔ̀làkwí] Nom sg: ɔl-ákûî. Acc pl: ɨl-akúí,

ɨl-akúyia(k). Nom pl: ɨlákúí, ɨl-ákúyía(k). [West] Acc sg: ɔl-ákúí. [North] Acc sg: akúí. [North] Nom sg: ákui. [North] Acc pl: l-makúí. [North] Nom pl: l-mákui. n. 1 • Ancestry. Ɔlakúí láí taá doí ɛlɛ́ páyian. This man is from my ancestral line.

Kɛ́p ́ apá ɨlákúí láŋ. Our ancestors were brave. Meipotí oshî ɨlakúí tɔɔ́ lMaasá ́. Ancestors are not 2 • Ancestor.

mentioned among the Maasai. Ancestors (and those who have died generally) are not mentioned among the Maasai, either out of

a sense of respect or for fear that it is a bad omen. When one does mention them, they should spit and say Kilomé 'Let nothing come to harm.'. 3 • Maternal grandfather; may be used vocatively. 4 • [South] Brother of my mother. 5 • [North] Great-grandfather.

ɛnk-akúí

1 • Grandchild,

as addressed by grandparents. 2 • Grandmother; female ancestor.

ɨnk-akúí Grandparents. ɔl-akúyiaâ Grandfather. ɛnk-akúí2 [ɛ̀ŋkàkúy] Nom sg: ɛnk-ákûî. Acc pl: ɨnk-akúyia(k). Nom pl: ink-

ákúyía(k). [West] Acc sg: ɛnk-ákúí. n. 1 • Grandchild (by a son or daughter). 2 • Ancestor. 3 • Grandparent (male or female). See: kakúyia ‘Grandchild (male or female)’.

ol-ákúí [òlákúy] n. Dog. l-akulí [North] [North] Nom sg: l-ákulí. [North] Acc pl: l-akulîn. [North] Nom pl: l-ákʉl

̂n. n. [North] Preserved meat stored in fat within a container like l-parapará or nyábʉrr. See: ɔl-pʉ́rdá ‘Preserved meat in fat’.

l-ákʉ́nyá [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-akʉnyá. [North] Acc pl: l-ákʉ́ny.

[North] Nom pl: l-akʉ́ny. n. 1 • [North]

lɛ́lʉ́kʉ́nyá; ɔ-lɛ́p ́rny ́ny ‘Brain’. 2 • [North] Spinal cord.

a-akunyé ɔl-akúyiaâ

v.mid. To

become.

Brain.

See: a-akʉ́ ‘To

See: ɛ-lʉ́kʉ́nyá; ɔ-

become’.

Nom sg: ɔl-ákúyiaâ. Acc pl: ɨl-akúyiaâ. Nom pl: ɨl-ákúyiaâ.

[Purko] Acc sg: (i)nk-akúyiaâ. [Purko] Nom sg: (i)nk-ákúyiaâ. [West] Acc sg: ɔl-ákuyiaa. Note: [ɔ̀lákuyyaa]

third syllable has three moras[West] Nom sg: ɔl-ákúyiaa. [West] Acc pl: ɨl-ákúí; ɨl-akuyianí. [West] Nom pl: ɨlákuyianí. [North] Acc sg: akúyia. [North] Nom sg: ákuyia. [North] Acc

pl: akuyianí,

oóakúyia. [North] Nom pl: ákuyianí. n. 1 • Very old man;

grandfather. Ɔlɛ́ nt ́pat âŋ amʉ̂ óre nkakúyiaâ

nkakúyiaâ lɛnyɛ́ nɛ́ŋar k ́na nkákuyiaâ nkakúyiaâ laŋ. He is of our lineage because his great great grandfather was a brother to our great great grandfather. (Pk). Epéríto ɔlákúyia lâî tɔ lóíp. My grandfather is sleeping under the shade. (W). Éló ɔlákúyia. The old man will go. (W). Épúó ɨlákuyianí. The old men will go. (W). See: kakúyiaâ ‘Grandfather’.

grandchild. ɛldɛ́ ákuyiaa that grandson (W). The singular may be used vocatively or referentially. However, Wagner (p. 174) notes that the relationship between grandfather and grandson is more in focus than the particular person per se. A man may use this word for his grandson, but a woman would not use it for her grandson. A grandchild of either sex may use the word for his or her grandfather. 2 • Male

ɛnk-akúyiaâ

1 • Granddaughter.

2 • Grandchild

(of either gender). 3 • [Purko] Grandfather. 4 • [West] Grandparent (of either gender). See: kakúyia ‘Grandchild (voc)’; ɔl-akúí ‘Ancestor’.

ɔl-aláani

Nom sg: ɔl-áláání. Acc pl: ɨl-alaák. Nom pl: ɨl-áláák. [West] Nom

pl: ɨl-alaák. n. 1 • One

who unties.

Usage: rare. Mayíólo

ajó kálo

aláani ɔtalaáyie ɨlashɔ́ mɛshɔ́mɔ áanak. I don't know who untied the calves to go and suck. (W). 2 • One who pays (eg. bills), buyer (who pays for what he/she buys); cashier (who gives out money). KS:5 says this is a man who covers the wrong of another because the guilty party is in his charge, but not yet old enough to sell his own cows. See: a-lák ‘To loosen, untie, release, pay, compensate’.

álábany adj. Complacent, not dilligent. See: ɔl-bárríkô ‘Complacent’. l-aláce [North] [North] Nom sg: l-álace. [North] Acc pl: l-alácɛ́ra. [North]

Nom pl: l-álácɛra. n. 1 • [North]

Brother. 2 • [North] Male relative of same generation on father's side; esp. Father's brother's son. See: ɔl-aláshɛ ‘Brother’.

ɔl-aláí ɔl-alâ ̂

[ɔ̀làláy] pn. Mine. See: áí ‘My’.

[ɔ̀làlây but -ATR] Nom sg: ɔl-álaɨ. Acc pl: ɨl-álá. Nom pl: ɨl-alá. n.

Ɛt ́g ́lá ɔlalâ ̂ lâî. He broke my tooth. (W). Ɛtɨg ́lɛ ɔlálaɨ lâî. My tooth broke. (W). Ɛtɨg ́latɛ ɨlalá láinêî. My teeth broke. (W). ɨlálá lɔ́ ldîâ teeth of a dog. 2 • Tusk. ɔlalâ ̂ lɔ́ lkáncáóí elephant tusk (Pk). Ɨlálá aáre ɔ ́pɨkʉ bɔɔ́ ɛáta olbitírr. A warthog has two tusks that 1 • Tooth.

project conspicuously outside. 3 • Warthog's tooth that is chopped, smoothed, and put on children's necks as a charm. Mol (1996:23) notes that this word is also used for little polished bone-tabs tied to the necks of favourite castrated rams. 4 • [North] Fang of a snake. 5 • [South] Stone put on children's necks.

ɛnk-alâ ̂

1 • Little

tooth. 2 • Triangular stone, shell, or tile used to adorn small children. This is worn around the neck (from birth?) until it wears out and falls off.

ɨl-álá lɛ́ kɛ́raɨshɔ Primary "milk" teeth; teeth which are lost beginning around age 6.

ɨl-álá lɛ́ kishiáá Upper front teeth (lit: teeth that are appropriate).

ɨl-álá lɛ́ mbúátá Lower front teeth (lit: teeth of the gap). See: ɨnaap ̂ tɛ barɨák ‘Thin, sharp teeth’; ɔl-tag ́lɨg ́lɨ ‘Molar’.

ol-álákúnoni

who frees, releases; redeemer, ransomer, payer. See: a-lák ‘To losen, untie’.

ɛnk-alámu

[North] Nom sg: l-alakúnoni. n. One

Variant: ɛn-kalámu; ɛnk-alamú. Nom sg: ɛnk-álamu. Acc

pl: ɨnk-alamuní. Nom pl: ɨnk-álamuní. n. Pencil,

pen. This cannot

mean 'chalk' in at least W, S. nɛ́nâ alamuní pɔɔkí [nɛ̀nà àlàmùní] all those pencils. Ɛnkalámu ɛná. This is a pen. Kéígérīshō ɛná álamu aɨtɔbɨrak ́. This pen writes very well. (Pk). Borrowed word: Swahali kalamu, from Arabic qalam.

ɛnk-alámu ɛ́ ncatá ɛnk-alámu ɛ́ nketá Pencil. ɛnk-alámu ɔ́ ránki Biro pen. álani Nom sg: áláni. Acc pl: álanak. Nom pl: álának. adj. 1 • Clumsy. 2 • Not

smart, not skilled, unable to do things in the right way; inept, incompetent. Áajokí apá Páapa lâî árá álani amʉ̂ mayíólo aɨrr ́tā inkíshú. My father used to tell me that I am inept because I don't know how to look after cows. (W). 3 • Unique.

peê ɛbáʉ́ ɛmʉráta ɛ́nyɛ́ álani so their [the

girls'] circumcision is a little unique. Ant: árriyíá ‘Skilled’.

ɛnk-álánó Nom sg: ɛnk-alanó. n.sg. 1 • Ineptitude. Óre siî ɔ nánʉ́ nɛ́māyīēū ɨna álánó. I also do not want that ineptitude. (Pk). 2 • Clumsiness. See: álani ‘Clumsy’. 3 • Slovenlyness.

Ɛáta Jois ɛnkálánó. Jois is slovenly. (W).

This would not be used to describe a home but a person, or perhaps an animal that does not follow the right path even after being shown where to get salt, food, etc. 4 • [North] Haphardness. See: kɛ́rɛ́rɛ̂ ‘Slovenly’.

a-alanú

v.incep. To

become clumsy, inept, incompetent. See: álani ‘Clumsy’.

ɛnk-alaóni

Nom sg: ɛnk-álaóni. Acc pl: ɨnk-alaó. Variant: ɨn-kalaó. Nom

pl: ɨnk-álao. [West] Acc sg: ɛn-kalaóni. [North] Nom pl: nk-álaó. [South] Acc

black ant species. Kɛ́ɔn ́ y ̄shɔ̄ ɛnkálaóni olêŋ. An ant bites very much. ɛndá (k)alaɔ́ni that ant (W). See: o-rirí ‘Red ant’; ŋotó kɔ́shɛshɛ ‘Army ants’. sg: ɛnk-alawóni. n. Small

ɔl-aláshɛ

Nom sg: ɔl-álashɛ. Acc pl: ɨl-aláshɛra. Nom pl: ɨl-álashɛra. [North]

Nom pl: ɨl-áláshɛra. n. 1 • A

male relative with the same parents; brother. Rather than use a term like this, a man will refer to his brother by the gift that was given. For some speakers, this noun can be stretched to refer to a male member of the same clan. 2 • A male member of a religious group. Usage: Christian. ɔlaláshɛ láí botor my elder brother.

ɔl-aláshɛ bótór aláshe bótór [North] aláce bótór [Chamus] Older male relative of the same father; elder brother.

ɛnk-albúáli

See: ɛnk-anáshɛ ‘Sister’.

Variant: ɛnk-arbúáli; ɛn-kalbúáli. Nom sg: ɛnk-álbuali. Acc

pl: ɨnk-albúál. Nom pl: ɨnk-álbual. n. Blood

clot, clotted blood.

Eturukúnye ɔsárgɛ eiŋúaa ɛŋɔ́ny ɛ́ nk ́tɛ́ŋ nɛ́ ́bʉ́ŋā aakʉ́ ɛnkalbúáli. Blood flowed from the cow's vein and it clotted. Kóre ɛná kalbúáli néíŋúáa endúŋótó ɛ́ nk ́tɛ́ŋ. This blood clot is from the cow's cut (injury). (W). See: ɔ-sáróí ‘Curdled

alɛ́

milk mixed with blood’; n-julóti [North] ‘Fresh milk mixed with blood’; m-porói [North] ‘Roasted clotted blood’.

Ákua alɛ́? Which milk? (Pk). Kɛ́bɛbɛ́k kʉná álɛ́ amʉ̂ ɛ́t ́p ́kákɨ ɛnkárɛ́. [kʊ̀ná ! álɛ́] This milk is diluted

n. Milk.

because it has water. (Pk). Hymn: alɛ́ ‘Calf pen (nominative)’. See: kʉlɛ́ ‘Milk’.

alɛ̂ [North]

This, masculine singular. Alɛ̂ gíitâ ápórórīē anâ ŋɛ́rɛ́m. This rope is what I will use to creep/climb over this precipice. (SN). See: ɛlɛ̂ ‘This’.

ɔl-álɛ́

Restrict: SN. dem. Restrict: SN. [North]

Nom sg: ɔl-alɛ́,

ɔl-álɛ. Acc pl: ɨl-álɛ́ta. Nom pl: ɨl-alɛtá. [North] Nom sg: lálɛ. [North] Acc pl: l-alɛ́ta. n. 1 • Pen for calves, or kids and lambs, inside the kraal or inside the house. alɔ álɛ́? Which calf pen? (Pk). ɔlálɛ́ lɔɔ́ lashɔ́ calf pen. See: ɛm-b ́rrɨsh ‘Sub-kraal’; en-

dúŋórotó ‘Fence’; e-múátátá ‘Fold for goats and sheep’. 2 • Piece of land given to some people during demarcation of the land to individual owners by the Kenyan government. Usage: derog. 3 • Cattle camp away from home, used exclusively for cattle (eg. not goats), esp. during the dry season, and tended by warriors; women and children may visit but do not stay. 4 • Location within a market place for gathering livestock which are to be bought and sold; the "enclosure" is typically formed by people that surround the cattle. 5 • [West] A well-defined group of cattle that is conceptually "marked off" for a definite purpose, or which are together for a defined period of time. This term would not be used for a casual grouping of cattle that just happened to be grazing in a particular place. Kóre ɔpá k ́ndʉ́rr ́tâ áapuo enetií ɛnkárɛ, ɔlálɛ́

loó nkíshú âŋ náaiturukito, nɛ́sʉjak ́ ɔlálɛ lóo nkíshú ɔɔ́ Ɛmpapá, nɛ́ ́sɨadákɨ ɔlálɛ lóo nkíshú oó Lemeín. When we were moving to where water is, then the group of our cows was the first one, followed by a group of Empapa's cows, then lastly the group of Lemein's cows. (W).

ɛnk-álɛ́ Syn sn 4: róncó ‘Cattle camp outside home’. Little calf pen. l-álɛ́ lɔɔ́ lacáó [North] [North] Calves' pen. ɔl-álɛ́ loó ŋúési Game reserve. álɛ́ interj. Expression of surprise, or of sth. unusual. Kóre kíŋórû ɨlŋanayíó tɛ ntîm eitú kítûm tɛ nkatá náadɔ kóre tɛ nk ́tɨ katá náníŋ ɔlcɔrɛ́ láí Kúntai peê éjô "Álɛ́! Ánótó obô!" When we were looking for fruits in the bush, we didn't find any for a long time. But in a little while, I heard my friend Kuntai saying, "Álɛ́! I got one!".

ol-álɛ́l ́ [South]

n. [South]

Enclosure set aside for calves to graze. This is outside of the enk-áŋ, and is enclosed by thornbushes. It may be 1 x 6 km or bigger.

ɛnk-álɛ́m

Nom sg: ɛnk-alɛ́m. Acc pl: ɨnk-alɛmá. Nom pl: ɨnk-álɛma. [North]

Nom pl: nk-álɛmá. n. Knife.

Incɔɔ́kɨ ɛndâ álɛ́m

matuduŋíshore. Give me that knife so that I can use it for cutting. (Pk). Tɛ́ɛna enetuduŋó ɛnkalɛ́m méítokí awó.

Put a bandage on the area that the knife has cut so that it won't keep bleeding. (Pk). A Maasai knife is sharp on only one side.

ɔl-álɛ́m 1 • Sword, maybe 30 to 50 centimeters long. ashʉtʉ́ ɔlálɛ́m tɛ ncáshʉ̂rr to remove a sword from a sheath (Pk). Ɔl-álɛ́m is worn on the right, and is sharp on both sides. 2 • Large knife.

ɔl-álɛ́m lɛ́ mpɔ́lɔs Long knife used by warriors to defend themselves.

l-álɛ́m lɛ́ nk ́jɨ [North]

[North] Acc pl: l-alɛmá

lɔɔ́ nk ́jɨɨ. [North] Long straight knife (or small sword) sharpened on both sides, worn at the waist by males, and used by warriors to defend themselves, in construction, for eating meat, and for any other kind of cutting.

ɔl-álɛ́m lɔɔ́ ŋkírí Knife, bigger than :ɛnk-álɛ́m, used mostly by women to cut meat. It is also used to slaughter cows.

enk-álɛ́m ɔɔ́ ntaré Knife with wooden handle, sharp on both

sides, used for trimming sheep's hooves. See: ɔlmʉrrʉ́nya ‘Small knife for shaving or circumcision’; l-káncár [North] ‘Small sword’.

ɔl-álɛ́m ónyókíé

ɔ́nyokie. n.sg. 1 • God's sword (lit: the sword which is red). Usage: curse. This refers to the idea of God's dangerous wrath, but is normally used to curse s.o. M ́k ́tárie ɛnkaí ɔlálɛ́m ónyókíé. May God extinguish you! (Pk). Angry curse to mean, 'May God kill you!' Not used to put a curse with effects on a person, but to express anger. 2 • Red sword. 3 • [South] Death of blood.

enk-aléponi

[ɔ̀lálɛ́m ōɲōki͡é]̄ Nom sg: ɔl-alɛ́m

Nom sg: ɛnk-álépóní. Acc pl: ɨnk-alepók. Nom pl: ɨnk-

́ potó dúóó ɛnkaléponi álépók. n. 1 • One who milks. Ɛm metálēpō inkíshú. Call the woman who milks so as to milk the cows. 2 • One who milks the cows excessively, to the point where the calves look sick. Ɛtálépó ɛnkálépóní ɨlashɔ́ mɛtásasɨtá. The milker milked the calves thin. (ie. The milker milked the cow so much that there was insufficient milk for the calves.).

ol-aléponi This would refer to a man from another tribe hired to do the milking, as Maasai men do not do milking. A young boy who has not yet been circumcised can, however, do milking.Man who milks cattle.

nk-álíbóŋí [North]

[North] Nom sg: nk-aliboŋí. [North] Acc pl: nk-

álɨbɔŋ. n. [North] Cow which is old enough to be mounted, but which hasn't been yet.

ol-álíkóroni

[North] Nom sg: l-alikóroni. [North] Acc pl: l-alikórok,

l-

alikorók. [North] Nom pl: l-álikorók. n. 1 • One who speaks or announces, on his own or s.o. else's behalf; announcer, herald. 2 • Prophet, preacher. Usage: ecclastical. See: a-likí ‘To tell, inform’.

ɔl-ál ́l ́

̂n. n. 1 • [North] Grass that grows inside a (potentially deserted) kraal and which smells bad such that cows do not want to eat it. 2 • [North] Grazing field set apart for calves; pasturage; [South] Grazing field set apart for calves; pasturage. See: ɔlɔkɛr ́ ‘Restricted area near the homestead for calves to graze in’.

a-alíp

Nom sg: ɔl-alɨl .́ Acc pl: ɨl-ɔlɨl

v. 1 • To

nurture a sick person by giving a specialized diet. See: a-ipók ‘To cleanse ritually’. 2 • To bless s.o. by ceremonially giving them a small amount of beer, milk, or blood to drink. Ɛtaalipóki ɔlmʉrráni tɛ kʉ́lɛ. The warrior was ritually blessed with milk. Anyone can do this, and for many occasions.

(ɛnk-)áló

Nom sg: ɛnk-aló. Acc pl: ɨnk-áloli. Nom pl: ɨnk-álóli. [North] Acc

pl: nk-álolî. [North] Nom pl: nk-álóli. n. 1 • Adjacent

area bordering

one side of an object; side. Káa áló? Which side? Káló ɛnkáló âŋ. I am going to our part (ie. where we stay). (Pk). Shɔ́mɔ íyakákɨ osóít otíí ɛnkáló ɛ́nda ají. Go get me a stone that is adjacent to that house. (Pk). Ɛitáshe ɔlpáyian tɛ nkaló ɛ́nkají. The man is standing by the side of the house. A: Káá áló ítíī? B: Átíī ɛnkáló ɔ́d ̄r ̄shā é lúsíé. A: Which side are you on? B: I'm on the side of the window. (Exchange between A who is outside a house, and cannot see B who is outside on a different side of the house.). 2 • [North] Area, region. way. Tía aló eímūā? (i) Which side did he pass him (on/from)? (ii) Coming from which direction did he pass him? (Pk). Ɛg ́rā ̄ áadam inkíshú mɛ́ ́nyiaari ɛnkáló naiŋúáa. The cows are being turned so they return to the direction they came from. (Pk). Káa áló ílóíto? Which way are you going? (W). 3 • Direction,

of the body. Íjó doí káníŋíto emíón tɛná aló. I am feeling pain on this side (of my body). (Pk). Note: In W, a person does not have an ɛnkáló. 4 • Side

ti álo Beside, next to. Ti álo ɛndá ají apá etúá ɔlashé.

Somewhere about that side of that house the calf died. (Pk).

amʉ̂ étéjó ɛnkaí memíki ɛnâ síri ti álo Abraham. álɔ̂

because God said that He will not keep this secret away from Abraham. (C). See: ɛm-bátá ‘Beside’.

Before a noun: alo. pn.inter inter.dem. Masculine

singular interrogative

determiner; which? who? Emúóyíáa ɨlɔɨŋɔ́k, káke mayíólo ajó álɔ̂ taá ósíókí aishíú. The bulls are sick, but I don't know which one will heal first. Álɔ̂ taá ayíóni ɔ́adorú? Which of the (two or more boys) will be taller? Kálɔ payíán ɛlɛ́? Which man is this? Mayíólo ajó kálɔ aláani ɔtalaáyie ɨlashɔ́ mɛshɔ́mɔ áanak. I don't know who untied the calves to go suck. (lit: I don't know which untier

(it was) that untied the calves to go suck.) (W). See: áâ2 ‘Which? (fem)’; ákúâ ‘Which? (pl)’.

l-alómoni [North] n. [North]

ɛn-álɔ́ɔ ́

[North] Nom sg: l-álomoni. [North] Acc pl: l-alomók.

Jealous husband.

See: a-lóm ‘To

Nom sg: ɛn-alɔɔ́. n.sg. Dirtied

be jealous’.

water in a dam. Syn: [North] nailɔ́ɔn ̄ ‘Dirtified water’. See: s ́nk ́l ‘Pure, clean’; ɛnk-árɛ́ ‘Water’.

ol-alótoni

Nom sg: ol-álótóní. Acc pl: il-alotók. Nom pl: il-alotók. n. One

who goes for a long journey, or travels a lot (even if for short journeys); pilgrim. humans only.

ɛnk-alúɛ́na

Nom sg: ɛnk-áluɛna. Acc pl: ɨnk-aluɛnaní. Nom pl: ɨnk-

áluɛnaní. n. Ear. Tóosho taá tiáborí ɛnkalʉ́ɛn ́ a. Hit him below the ear! See: en-kíook; márórōī; e-niŋét ‘Ear’.

ɛnk-alʉlʉ́ŋa

Nom sg: ɛnk-álʉlʉ́ŋa. Acc pl: ɨnk-alʉlʉŋaní. Nom pl: ɨnk-

álʉlʉŋaní. n. 1 • Circular metal worn by women on the lower parts of the legs; leg bangle. Typically women wear several of these at once. Sídáí ɛndá álʉlʉ́ŋa. That metal bangle is nice. (W). See: muleení ‘Circular metal worn by women on the lower parts of the legs’; n-kúpúlito [North] ‘Circular metal worn by women on the lower parts of the legs’. 2 • [North] Barricade. See: ol-tím ‘Barricade’.

n-alʉmɛ̂ [North] a-ám

n.phrase. [North]

Used only in the fixed expression a-nyá nalʉmɛ̂ 'To yawn'. See: a-nyá ‘To eat’.

eat. Kɛ́támá. He/She ate it. (S). Ɨkɨtamâ. We ate it.' (S). Máapé amʉ̂ átáma siî nanʉ́ ɛndáa. Let's go because I have also eaten. (Pk). Ɛtarapóshe ɛtamá ɛndáa. He was satisfied after eating food. Ká ́nyɔ̄ɔ ̄ nátamá ɛndáa natíī ɔlkɨtára? What has eaten the food on the shelf? Táma ́ tam. Eat! (pl. addressee) ɛndáa tɛnákatá! Eat food now! Ɛn (S). Ɛtamíshie. He ate. (PF Antipassive). Ág ́ra aám ɛndáa. I am eating the food. (W). Áám ɛnâ dáa tɛnáshukúnye. I will eat this food when I return. (W). See: a-nyá ‘To eat v. 1 • To

(transitive)’; a-daá ‘To eat (intransitive)’; a-gúɛ́ny ‘To remove meat from a bone; gnaw’; a-ɨtám [North] ‘To cause or permit to devour’. 2 • To munch. 3 • To make s.o. be in an emotionally extreme state; make s.o. cry out; make s.o. be in distress. Ká ́nyɔ̄ɔ ̄ nátamá ɛnkɛ́rá ́? What caused the child to be in distress? (or even possibly in an especially good mood?) (W) (lit: What that ate the child?). K ́táma ɛsʉ́mâsh. You felt hungry. (W). See: a-ɨnɔ́s ‘To eat; cause pain’; a-yá ‘To take; hurt’.

have sex (with a woman). Táma! (i) Have sex with her! (W) (ii) Eat! Usage: For the sense 'have sex', the subject of the verb must be male. Men would easily use this among themselves when talking about having sex with a woman. People try to avoid this word in the presence of women unless it is very clear they are referring to food, but even then it is unusual to say táma ɛndáa in the presence of girls. In W, this may also have an implication of marriage, cf: k ́am (*k ́yam) 'You will marry me'. But see also a-yám 'to marry'. In W, "only old men" would use the Progressive form with Sense 4.. Etymology: 4 • To

From Proto-Baez *am 'to eat', via Southern Nilotic (speculative, based on Heine, Rottland, Vossen 1979:77).

a-ám ɛnalʉmɛ́ [North]

To sneeze (lit: to eat the yawn). See: a-nyá ɛnalʉ́mɛ [North] ‘To sneeze’; a-s ́ŋ ‘To sneeze’.

ámaâ

v.phrase. [North]

[North] Acc sg: ámáa. adv. 1 • Used,

especially in conversation, to draw attention to sth.; Well!, Now then. Ámaâ, káji ílóíto tɛnákatá? Well! where are you going right now? 2 • As it is; reason being; since. For this sense, ámaâ is followed by naâ, followed by the evidence or reason why the first part of the sentence has been made. Éítuani taá dúóó táatá imbáâ ámaâ naâ kinotô pɔɔk ́ tóki nikíyíéú. Things are beautiful today since we have gotten all that we wanted.

Ɛg ́ra oshî táatá n ́nyɛ ɔltáání atumokí ámaâ naâ

enotó esíáai. So-and-so is succeeding because he has gotten a job.

l-ámáát [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-amaát. [North] Acc pl: l-amaatí. [North]

Nom pl: l-ámaatí. n. [North]

ámáí

See: e-mús ‘Swarm

Swarm of hiveless, queenless bees.

of bees’.

[North] Acc sg: l-ámáí. [North] Nom sg: l-amáí. [North] Acc pl: l-áma. [North]

Nom pl: l-ámâ. n. 1 • Tree,

bramble sp. Rhamnaceae, Scutia sp.. 2 • [North] A tree whose fruit and roots are edible. Ximenia caffra. The feminine plural form of this word gives rise to the Anglecized placename Ngama, ab out 5 km. east of Loitokitok on the road from Kenya to Tanzania.

ɔl-ámál

Nom sg: ɔl-amál. Acc pl: ɨl-amalá. Nom pl: ɨl-ámala. [North] Nom pl: l-

ámalá. n. 1 • Ceremonial group. Képuonú táatá ɨlámala pɔ́ɔk ́ ̄ áashʉla. All the ceremonial grouping will get together today. A type of ɔl-ámál is in-torosí. 2 • [North] A group of people of the same sex meeting together (as in a small discussion group). Képuonú táatá ɔlamál pɔ́ɔk ́ ̄ áashʉla. All the ceremonial grouping will get together today. (W -K). Epu ́ta ɔlamál. The ceremonial group(s) is/are going. (W).

ɔ́l-ámân kʉ́tʉ́k

kʉ́tʉ́k. Acc pl: ɨl-aamân nkútúkíé. Nom pl: ɨl-áaman nkútúkíé. [North] Acc sg: l-aman nkʉ́tʉ́k. [North] Nom sg: l-aman nkʉ́tʉ́k. [North] Acc pl: l-aamân nkútúkíé. [North] Nom pl: láāmān nkútúkíé. n.phrase. Moustache (lfi:it: encirclement of the mouth). Sídáí ɔláman kʉ́tʉ́k lɛ́nyɛ. His moustache is good. (W). See: ol-múnyéí ‘Beard’.

ɛnk-amanáa

Nom sg: ɔl-áman

Variant: ɛn-amanáa. Nom sg: ɛnk-ámanáa. Acc pl: ɨn-

kamanáa. Nom pl: ɨnk-ámanáa. n. 1 • Circular-shaped piece of leather cut to fit tightly over the opening of the calabash as a calabash. Eitútūmī ɛnkamanáa ó leléō áarɨp esíóte é nkúkúrí. A leather circular-shaped is woven together with a piece of gourd to make a lid for a calabash.

2 • Lid

or top that is screwed on, with a rotating motion, to tightly cover a container. See: a-mán ‘To surround’.

l-aman ́ra [North] Justicia exigua.

[North] Nom sg: l-áman

nk-ámáríé [North]

́ra. n. [North] Shrub (sp.).

[North] Nom sg: nk-amaríé. [North] Acc

pl: nkámárɨta. [North] Nom pl: nk-amárɨta. n. [North]

to cover inside of house wall.

Cowhide used

l-ámárotó [North] [North] Nom sg: l-amárotó. n. [North] Ember. l-ámárrárrani [North] [North] Nom sg: l-amarrárrani. [North] Acc pl: lámárrárrak, l-amarrarrák. [North] Nom pl: l-amarrárrak, lámarrarrák. n. [North] Scout, spy; refers to s.o. who looks out for enemies in war. In S, the term l-aɨkɨtálani would be used for s.o. scouting for the purposes of theft. See: ɔl-aɨkɨtálani ‘Scout’; amarrárr [North] ‘To scout’. See: ɔl-á ́k ́tálani ‘Spy’; marrárr ‘To scout’.

n-ámât n-kuwúó [North] (lit: broth drinker).

n. [North]

Cichladusa guttata.

Spotted morning warbler

n-amat-atampó [North]

n.phrase. [North]

Large mythical snake or dragon; lives near and may swim in water (lit: that which drinks clouds). See: a-mát ‘To drink’.

ɔl-ámayio

Nom sg: ɔl-ámáyio. Acc pl: il-ámayio. Nom pl: il-ámayio. n.

ɔl-ámáyíó

[North] Nom sg: l-amayíó. n. 1 • Lion

1 • Lion

hunt. For a lion hunt, brave warriors are gathered, and surround the lion. They all sing, and throw their spears in unison. (KS:5). 2 • Hunt (for any kind of animal). 3 • [South] Shouting. hunt. 2 • [North] Hunting party, esp. of warriors or boys.

l-áméí [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ameí. [North] Acc pl: l-ameitín. [North]

Nom pl: l-ámeitín. n. 1 • [North] 2 • [North]

Drought. 3 • [North] Famine.

ɔl-amɛ́rani

Dry season.

[North] Nom sg: l-ámɛrani. [North] Acc pl: l-amɛrák. [North] Nom

pl: l-ámɛrák. n. Drunkard. See: a-mɛrá ‘To

ɔl-áméyú

be durnk’.

Nom sg: ɔl-ámeyu. Acc pl: ɨl-ameyitín. Nom pl: ɨl-ámeyitin

ɨlámeyitín. [North] Acc sg: l-áméí. [North] Nom sg: l-ameí. [North] Acc pl: lameitín. [North] Nom pl: l-ámeitín. [South] Acc sg: al-áméy. n. 1 • Famine.

Eéwuo ɔlámeyu óyookí amʉ́t inkíshú ó sirkôn.`

Famine which may finish the cows and donkeys has come. (Pk). extreme hunger. Usage: hyperbole. Kááta ɔláméyú. I am famished. / I am feeling hunger. (This could indicate a habitual, persistent state.). Hɔ́ɔ ́ dúó ná ́nɔsá ŋolé ɛndáa káke ɛtɔ́n aáta ɔláméyú. Though I had eaten food yesterday, I am still feeling hungry. (W). Áanyɛɨta ɔlámeyu. I am feeling hunger. (W) (This could indicate sth. one feels at the moment.). 2 • Hunger;

season, long dry season. Kɛ́ ́dʉr oshî olórére tɛ rɨshatá ɔ́lāmēyū. People migrate during the dry season. 3 • Dry

Ɛg ́ra inkíshu áaitianya tɔ lámeyu. The cows are dying during the dry season. 4 • Drought.

Eéwuo ɔlámeyu ógol ɛnkɔ́p. Drought has

come. (lit: The drought that is hard has come to the land.). See: láméí [North] ‘Drought, famine, dry season’. Ant: e-leŋón ‘Season of plenty’. See: ém-pérî ‘Famine’; ɛ-sʉ́mash ‘Hunger’; n-kɔlɔ́ŋ [North] ‘Hunger’.

ol-áméy ogól

[ɔláméyúogol] Hard

dry season, when the dry period continues into when the rainy season should be.

nk-amɨlák [North]

[North] Nom pl: nk-ámɨlák. n. [North]

See: ɛnk-amʉlákī ‘Saliva’.

Saliva.

ɛnk-ámínínó n. Generosity. Ɛnkámínínó ɛsapʉ́k kʉlɔ̂ tʉ́ŋáná amʉ̂ ɔlɛ́ɛ mɛɛ́ta tóki. These people are endowed with generosity because they don't have much. (Pk). Ant: arɔ́k ɔ́shɔ́kɛ ‘Unkind, stingy’. See: am ́n ̄n ‘Generous’.

am ́n ̄n

Ɨltʉ́ŋánák am ́n ̄n kʉlɔ́. These are generous people. (K). Ɨltʉ́ŋáná amɨnɨn ́ kʉlɔ́. These are generous people. (Pk). Ɛshɔmɔ́ ɨlmʉrrân áanya ɛndáa tɛ nkâŋ ɔ́lmʉ́rráni am ́nɨn. The warriors went to eat food in the home of the generous warrior. Kára am ́n ̄n. I Acc pl: amɨnin .́ adj. Generous.

am generous.

ɛnk-ámínínó n. Generosity. Ɛnkámínínó ɛsapʉ́k kʉlɔ̂ tʉ́ŋáná amʉ̂ ɔlɛ́ɛ mɛɛ́ta tóki. These people are endowed with generosity because they don't have much. Ant: arɔ́k ɔ́shɔ́kɛ ‘Unkind, stingy’. See: a-léŋ ‘To be generous’.

n-amɨr ́mɨrána [North] n. [North] Whirlpool. nk-ámpít [North] [North] Nom sg: nk-ampít. [North] Acc pl: nk-ampitó. [North] Nom pl: nk-ámpitó. n. [North]

some have eight heads.

ol-ámpú2

Mythical man-eating monster;

[North] Nom sg: l-ampú. n. 1 • Boaster,

person.

hard-headed stubborn

2 • Quarrel. 3 • [North]

ɛnk-ámpû1

Haste which expends one quickly. Usage: singular.

[North] Nom pl: nk-ámpû. n. 1 • Sweet

honey-beer which is

not completely fermented. 2 • [North] Sweet beverage, such as honey dissolved in water.

l-ampúp [North] amʉ̂

water.

[North] Nom sg: l-ámpûp. n.sg. [North]

See: ɔl-abʉrrâ ‘Foam’.

Foam on

reason. T ́gɨrayú amʉ̂ kérrinyúnyie ŋutunyí! Be quiet because mother will come back! Mayíéú ɛnâ kɨlâ amʉ̂ mmɛ̂ ɛnaáí. I don't want this cloth because it ́ tasotú ɨmálasin amʉ̂ ɛ́táá is not mine. (Pk). Ɛn kɛ́ ́ŋʉrákɨnɨ ɛnapá kɛ́ráí inyî ɨntaléŋo. Collect beer gourds because it is about time for your child to go through initiation. Ɛrɔ́k ómom Pita amʉ̂ ɛtáláíkíne ayáma ́nâ títō. Pita is unfortunate because he was not able to woo that girl. (W). Mayíéú náló inkíshú táatá amʉ̂ alo aɨsʉmásh. I don't want to go look after cows today because I will feel hungry. (W). conj. Because,

ɛn-amʉ́kɛ

Variant: ɛnk-amʉ́kɛ. Nom sg: ɛn-ámʉkɛ. Acc pl: ɨn-amʉ́ka.

Variant: ɨnk-amʉ́ka. Nom pl: ɨn-ámʉka. [South] Acc sg: amka. n.

oshî táatá nɛ́taá intáirí eishopí imeekúré aá ɨnamʉ́ka oóloníto anáá apá. These days people wear tire sandals, not leather sandals 1 • Leather

sandal.

Usage: traditionally. Óre

like before. (Pk). 2 • Shoe, of any sort (tyre shoes, rubber, plastic, leather, hide sandals, etc.). ɛndâ amʉ́kɛ that shoe. ɛnâ amʉ́kɛ this shoe. Sídáí ɛnámʉkɛ âî. My shoe is good. (W). Metíī ɨnámʉka áinéí enê némétīī endê. My shoes are neither here nor there. See: ɛnk-aɨdáshɛ ‘Shoe’; táir ‘Tyre shoe’.

ɛnk-amʉláki

Nom sg: ɛnk-ámʉláki. Acc pl: ɨnk-amʉlák. Nom pl: ɨnk-

ámʉlak. [North] Acc sg: gamɨlák. [Chamus] Acc sg: kamɨlák. n. 1 • Saliva.

Ɛtɔnɔtáyie ɔlpáyian ɨnkamʉlák ɔ́lkumpaú. The man has spit out tobacco saliva. Ɛtʉnʉtáká olasuráí ɨnkamʉlák. The snake has spit on him. Ɛmayíán oshî ɨltásatí ɨnkɛ́ra ɛnyɛ̂ tɔɔ́ ɨnkámʉlak. Elders usually bless their children with saliva. Átódúa ́nâ dáa natɛyɨɛrákɨ áatumoki nɛ́ākʉ̄ káaɨtɔ́ŋ ɨnkámʉlak. I saw that food

which was well cooked, and I started salivating. (lit: ... and my saliva started to drip.) (W).

blessing. Ɛshɔmɔ̂ inkítuaak áaɨŋɔrʉ ɨnkamʉlák tɛ manyatá. The women have gone to look for blessing in the ceremonial home. (W). This type of blessing is always administered by elders to warriors, women, children, fellow elders, etc. by spitting on to the person saliva and local brew (beer) or milk, which are mixed in the mouth before spitting it out. 3 • One drop of saliva. Usage: rare. Syn: ɛ-máyianata ‘Blessing’. 2•A

l-ámúldési [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-amuldési. [North] Acc pl: l-

ámʉldɛs. [North] Nom pl: l-ámʉ́ldɛs. n. [North] Pimple.

n-amʉnʉ́ [North] n. [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-ámʉnʉ́. [North] Acc pl: n-amunûn.

Small metal cup.

nk-amʉnyáni [North]

[North] Nom sg: nk-ámʉnyáni. [North] Acc

pl: nk-amʉnyák. [North] Nom pl: nk-ámʉnyák. n. [North]

(of people, calves).

ɔl-ámʉ́rátani

Ringworm

Nom sg: ɔl-amʉrátani. Acc pl: ɨl-amʉraták. Nom pl: ɨl-

amʉrátak. n. An expert in circumcision.

ɛnk-ámʉ́rátani

the Samburu, she is often also a mid-wife.Woman specialized in women's initiations, who performs clitoridectomies. See: oltórróboní ‘Circumciser’; ol-akítoni ‘Circumciser’.

n-ámʉ́rɛ́ [North]

[North] Acc pl: nk-amʉrátak. Among

A disease of cattle causing swollen hooves, listlessness, and affecting the fur.

ol-amuríáki

[North] Nom sg: n-amʉrɛ́. n. [North]

Nom sg: ol-ámuríáki. [West] Acc sg: ol-amuriáki. [W:

òlàmùrìáki] [West] Nom sg: ol-ámuriaki. [West] Acc pl: ɨl-amuriâk. [West] Nom

species. Orŋanayíói moríjōī ɛɛ́ta olámuríáki. The Olamuriaki tree has maroon fruits. (Pk). Ɛadɔ́ kʉlɔ́ ámuriak. These amuriak trees are tall. (W). For kk (W), the term may refer either to a tree, or the fruits of this tree. It is described as a good-sized tree with small fruits and thorns. The fruit is about the size of the end of one's finger and are between green and moríjōī when unripe, and between moríjōī and black when ripe. The fruits can be eaten and have a somewhat sour taste. The leaves are about the length of half of one's finger. The roots may be used as herbs. 2 • Fruit of this plant. pl: ɨl-ámuriak. n. 1 • Tree

nk-amúrúâî [North]

[North] Nom sg: nk-ámurúâî. [North] Acc pl: nk-

l-ámʉ́rránó [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-amʉrranó. n. [North]

amúrúá. [North] Nom pl: nk-ámurúá. n. [North] Cud. ŋamúrāī ‘Cud’. Warriorhood.

See: ɛ-

See: ɔl-mʉ́rráni ‘Warrior’.

nk-amúrruakî [North]

Nom sg: nk-ámúrruakî. Acc pl: nk-

amúrrua. Nom pl: nk-ámurrúá. n. [North] Star grass. See: olpérésí ‘Type of grass that is long and thin’; ɛn-aɨmʉ́rʉ́ai ‘Star grass’; ɔl-gʉ́rmɛ́ ‘Bumper grass’; ɛn-kʉ́j ́tá ‘Grass’; l-áráá [North] ‘Type of grass on banks of a river’; n-dálankúáni [North] ‘Type of grass on sides of hills’; ɔl-ɔ́l ́l ́ ‘Type of grass on abandoned homes’.

l-amʉ́rrūāk [North] [lamʊ́rrwāk ~ lamʊ́rrwāg] n.pl. [North] Burrs. ɔl-ámʉyɛ Nom sg: ɔl-ámʉ́yɛ. Acc pl: ɨl-amúyēīshī. Nom pl: ɨl-ámuyeishí.

[West] Nom sg: ɔl-amʉ́yɛ. [West] Acc pl: ɨl-amúyēshī. [North] Acc sg: l-ámia,

l-ámʉyɛ. [North] Acc pl: l-amééshi, l-amúyeci. [North] Nom pl: lámuyecí. n. 1 • Male donkey that is not castrated; stallion. Epuonú ɨlamúyēshī kʉmɔ́k. The many male donkies are coming. (W). 2 • Boy. Usage: Derogatory.

ɛnk-ámʉyɛ Small male donkey. See: o-síkiria ‘Donkey’; eŋirô ‘Donkey’.

-án

Variant: -ɔ́n; -ón. nmlz. Suffix

aná1

conjunction; or. Kɛ́ntaré íyíéú aná inkíshú? Is it sheep you want, or cows? Íyíéú níás ̄shɔ̄ tɛ súkuul aná íyīēū nílō aigurán? Do you want to work at school, or do you want to go and play? Ílótú ɛnkají âî aná ílō sokóni. Will you come to my house, or will you go to the market? See: arashʉ̂ ‘Or’.

which creates a noun referring to a state or condition from stative verb roots. conj. Alternative

anâ [North]2

áná ánaa

Feminine singular proximal demonstrative; this. Alɛ̂ gíitâ ápórórīē anâ ŋɛ́rɛ́m. This rope is what I will use to creep/climb over this precipice. (SN). Kɔ́bɔ́r aná k ́tɛŋ. This cow is calm. (SN). See: ɛnâ ‘This’. pn. How.

Nom sg: aná. dem. [North]

Áná ijó doí ́mɔ́da? How is it that you are stupid?

[an insult].

like. Étíú oláyíóní ánaa mɛ́nyɛ́. A son looks like his father. Kóre ɛnkɛ́rá ́ nétiu ánaa ɔlkɨt ́ tʉŋáni. A child is like a small person. (W). Óre oshî táatá néméékūrē kílótú aɨrɔrɔk ́ ánaa apá. Nowadays you don't come to see me like before. [South]: anáa. Variant: ɛ́naa. [North]: ána. prep. Resemble,

Maitóki á ́kātā aikó injí mɛtáā tɔ́nyɔ̄rrā kʉnâ kíshú ánaa ɛnáányɔ́r. ([àìkónjí̤ ] when said quickly.) I will never do that to you again, so love these cows like how I love you.

ánaa aké

Syn: áa-nyaanyʉk

‘To look alike’; a-tíú ‘To be like’; aikununó ánaa ‘To resemble’. Daily, always, forever.

ánaa aké Variant: ánaaké. adv. Every day, always. Ɛt́ áá ɛná áji ololá aitúku ánaa aké. This house has become a burden, to clean it every day. Ɛáta ɛnkɛráí âî elubôî ánā aké tɛ́dɛkɛnyá amʉ̂ mɛ́ ́nɔs ɛndáa téípa. My child has a lot of gluttony (eats voraciously) every morning because she

doesn't eat in the evening. (W). Ám ́r ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ ánaa aké. I sell a cow every day. (This implies it is a different cow each day; the emphasis is on "every day".). Álép ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ ánaa aké. I milk the cow every day. (W).

ánaa íjō pn. Usage: Insult. How/why is it that? Ánaa íjō doí ́mɔ́da? How is it that you are stupid? anáaa Variant: anáa; ánáa. [North]: anáa. Variant: aná; tanáa; taná. conj. 1 • Or

else; implies some repercussion if a certain alternative is not taken. Íló sukúul anáaa ílō aɨrrɨtá inkíshú tɔ lárí. Will you go to school, or go and look after cows in the rain? (eg. said to a child to make him go to school). Shɔ́mɔ siî sipitáli anáaa imúóyu olêŋ. Go to the hospital, or else you will be very sick. Note: In W, aná cannot occur in this sentence. Ílōtū ɛnkají âî anáaa íló sokóni. You better come to my house, or else you have to go to the market. (said as a threat). See: aná; arashʉ̂ ‘Or’.

Shɔ́mɔ́ ɛldɛ̂ túrrúr otíí endê ̂ ́ŋuráá ́ tɛ anáaa ítʉ̄m. Go to that crowd of people and see whether you 2 • Whether.

can find him. See: tɛnáa ‘If, whether’; wɛɨtʉ ‘Whether’.

ánáátá

Variant: ánátá. v.aux. Contrafactual

modal auxiliary; should, would, could. Does not inflect for person and is invariant in tone. Ánáátá ataasá esíái ŋolé. I would/should/could have done some work yesterday. (W). Ánátá ataasá síái ŋolé. I would have done the work yesterday. (SN). Ánáátá itaasâ esíái ŋolé. You (pl) should have done work yesterday. (W). Ánáátá etaasá esíái ŋolé. He should have done work yesterday. (W). Kóre tɛ nékítólíkíó ajó ílóíto sokóni ánáátá á ́r ́wáyie ɨyakákɨ ɔsabúni. If you told me that you are going to the market, I could have sent you to bring me soap. (W). Kóre tɛ nétolikíó nɨnyɛ́ ajó elóíto sokóni ánáátá eiriamarî. If he had told her that he was

going to the market, she would/could have gone with him. (W).

(nk-)anácɛ [North]

[North] Nom sg: (nk-)ánacɛ. [North] Acc pl: nk-

anácɛra. [North] Nom pl: nk-ánácɛra. n. 1 • [North] Sister. 2 • [North] Aunt. See: ɛnk-anáshɛ ‘Sister’.

anáparɨ [Chamus] [North] ‘Day’.

ɛnk-anasá

adv. [North]

Today, this day.

See: m-pârr

Nom sg: ɛnk-ánasá. Acc pl: ɨnk-anasân. Nom pl: ɨnk-ánasân. n.

village, town; large kraal. ɛnkanasá natíi oldóínyó a town/large kraal on the hill. ɛnkanasá sápʉk a city. 2 • [North] Congregation; [South] Congregation. 1 • Large

ɛnk-anáshɛ

Nom sg: ɛnk-ánashɛ. Acc pl: ɨnk-anáshɛra. Variant: ɨnk-

anáshara. Nom pl: ɨnk-ánashɛra; ɨnk-ánáshɛra. n. 1 • A female relative having the same father as "ego"; sister. 2 • [West] A daughter of "ego's" father's siblings. A man cannot marry s.o. that is called ɛnkanáshɛ. This includes female offspring from the same mother and father as ego, from ego's father's brothers and sisters, from one's own clan. Ego cannot marry his mother's brother's daughters, but does not call them ɛnkanáshɛ. 3 • A female member of a religious group. Usage: Christian. ɛnkanáshɛ tiátua Yesu a sister in the Lord.

anáCɛ bótór Elder sister. See: ɔl-aláshɛ ‘Brother’. ánátá [North] v.aux. [North] Subordinate clause introducer

indicating contrary to fact ("would have"; the clause introduced by this precedes or follows another "if" clause introduced by t ɛ. See: ánáátá ‘Counterfactual auxiliary’.

andâ [North] dem. [North] That. See: ɛndâ ‘That’. -ani Variant: -oni. nmlz. Suffix which co-occurs with a prefix a- on a

verb stem, to create a noun referring to a singular animate participant. ɔl-a-ár-ani beater, attacker, killer; from root ar 'beat, kill'. Ɛtámúíyíá ŋolé oloshî á- ́tɛ́rr-ání lɛ́ sokóni

nɛ́ ́tɛrrɛ isáaí aré. The usual market fainter (ie. person who

always faints in the market) became sick yesterday and fainted for two hours. (W). See: -ak ‘Plural animate nominalizer’.

n-án ́ká [North]

́kân. n. [North] Trench for watering cattle, lined on the bottom with goatskin.

nk-anísa [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-anɨká. [North] Acc pl: n-an

[North] Nom sg: nk-ánisa. [North] Acc pl: nk-anisaní. n.

[North] Church. See: ɛn-kanísa ‘Church’; n-aápo [North] ‘Place of prayer’. Etymology: Swahili kanisa 'church'.

ɛn-ánká

Nom sg: ɛn-anká. Acc pl: ɨn-ánkan;

ɨn-ánkân. Nom pl: ɨn-ankán. n. 1 • [North] Modern cloth clothing, eg. shirt, trouser; cloth. Kɛ́áta aná anká múíán kúmo. This cloth has many colors. (SN). 2 • Skirt. In W ɛnánká could be used for a skirt with a zipper, but not for trousers. 3 • Kanga. During warrior graduation, a warrior will wear ɛnánká. 4 • Piece of cloth (from which clothing of any sort can be made). See: ɛn-kɨlâ ‘Clothing’; ɔl-káráshá ‘Clothing; sheets’; ɔlákɛ́sɛ́na ‘Skirt’.

l-antárárá ́ [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-antarará .́ [North] Acc pl: l-

antárara. [North] Nom pl: l-ántarara. n. [North] Seed. antɛ́rɛrâî ‘Seed’.

ɔl-antɛ́rɛrâî

See: ɔl-

Nom sg: ɔl-ántɛ́rɛrâî. Acc pl: ɨl-antɛ́rɛra. Nom pl: ɨl-ántɛrɛra.

Ɛtámá enkúényî ɔlantɛ́rɛrâî. The bird ate the seed. (W). Míntóki adanyʉ́ ɨlantɛ́rɛra tɔɔ́ lŋánayio. n. Seed.

Stop splitting out seeds from the fruit. [North] ‘Seed’.

ɔl-ántiyia anú

See: l-antárárá

́

Nom sg: ɔl-ántíyia. Acc pl: ɨl-antíyian. Nom pl: ɨl-ántiyíán. n.

Donkey.

See: o-síkīria ‘Donkey’.

Anú k ́rɛ́wákɨ ɛnapá áshê When are you bringing me the heifer? Kánu á ́nɔ́s ́ta Variant: kánu. pn.inter. 1 • When?

ɛ ́látá? When was I eating fat? (W). A: Kánu ́nd ́pa atɛshɛ́ta ɛnkají? B: Á ́d ́pa ídîâ ɔlɔ́ŋ. A: When did you

finish building the house? B: I finished it the other day. (Speaker B is not being specific about which day, except that it is in the past.) (W). 2 • How long?

a-ány1

PF: tanya. v.prog v.aux+subjn-infinitive. 1 • To

refuse, reject an object;

refuse to do or accept sth. Tánya taá ɨŋamʉ́ ́nâ pálāī ɛnyɛ́. Refuse to receive that letter of his. Áány ɛngárri. I will refuse the vehicle. (*I will wait for the vehicle.) (W). Átánya ɛngárri. I have refused the car. (W). Kɛ́any ́ta ndáa. She is refusing the food. (SN). Kɛ́tányá. He/she refused it. (S).

forbid an action. Tányá taá kígíróo tɛ kíshomi. Forbid him to bypass you at the gate. (Pk). Tánya taá ɛdaá inkíshu ɛ́nyɛnák tɔ lcámpâ líno. Forbid his cows from grazing in your land. (W). Ɛtányá ɛdaá inkíshu áinêî tɔ lcámpâ lɛ́nyɛ. He has forbidden my cows to graze on his land. (W). Ɛány ́ta ɛdaá inkíshu áinêî tɔ lchámpâ lɛ́nyɛ. He is refusing that my cows graze on his land. (W). 2 • To

deny an assertion. ɛ́tányá eirúk ajó nɨnyɛ́ ɔ́ɔwá olkér láí. He has denied that he is the one who stole my castrated ram. 3 • To

a-anyaá [South] [South] To refuse many people, one at a a-ány2

time. See: a-anyʉ́ ‘To wait for’; a-mít ‘To refuse’; a-mikí ‘To deny’. v. To

hold in readiness, especially food, as you wait for an important person or group. Káshʉ́m kʉlɛ́ aány ɔlámál. I will keep milk ready because I am waiting for a ceremonial ́ ny enkítok ɔlpayíán lɛnyɛ́ oshomóyie. A group. Ɛá woman will keep food ready for her husband that has gone.

See: e-múta ‘Food

kept for s.o. special’.

n-anyáálicôî [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-ányáálicôî. [North] Acc pl: n-

anyáálicó. n. [North] Temple (of the head). [North] ‘Temple’.

n-anyaálishôî [North]

See: n-anyaálishôî

Part of the head above the ear; temple (lit: the one to chew with). See: a-nyaál ‘To chew’.

nk-anyarági [North]

Nom sg: n-ányaálishôî. n. [North]

[North] Nom sg: nk-ányarági. [North] Acc pl: nk-

anyarág. [North] Nom pl: nk-ányarág. n. [North] Phlegm.

ɛnk-anyaráti

Variant: nkanyorága. Nom sg: ɛnk-ányaráti. Acc pl: ɨnk-

anyarát. Nom pl: ɨnk-ányarat. n. Phlegm, sputum. Ɛɨtáyíó ɔltásât ɛnkanyaráti ná ́bɔ̄rr. The old man coughed off grey phlegm. (Pk). See: ɛn-kíroket ‘Cough’.

a-any ́t Variant: a-yany ́t. v.s. To respect. Áányɨt nanʉ́ ɨltʉ́ŋáná kitúaak. I respect elders. Áyányɨt nanʉ́ ɨltʉ́ŋáná kitúaak. I respect elders. (Pk). Káányɨt lpayianí. I respect elders. (SN). Áányɨt ɛnkanáshɛ á ́ amʉ̂ bótór. I respect my sister because she is older. (W). Ááyányɨt iyíé. I respect you. (W). Áayany ̂t nínyɛ. He/she respects me. (W). See: ɛnkány ́t ‘Respect’; ányɨt ‘Shame’.

ɛnk-ányɨt1

Nom sg: ɛnk-ány ̂t. Acc pl: ɨnk-ány

́t .́ [Purko] Acc pl: ɨnk-ányɨt .́ [Purko] Nom pl: ɨnk-ányɨt .́ [North] Acc sg: (nk-)ányɨt. [North] Nom sg: (nk)án ̂t, nk-any ́t. n. 1 • Respect, honor. Ɛnkányɨt oshî erikíéki ɛnkɔ́p. By respect the world is ruled. Ɔltʉŋáni súpat ɔɔ́ta ɛnkányɨt ɛlɛ́ páyíán. This man is a good person who has respect. Oltʉŋáni lɛ́ nkányɨt A person who is respected/who has respect. Áatará ɨnkányɨt ́. Due to my respect (for s.o.), I suffered some loss. (lit: Respects beat me.). Leonard Kotikash writes, "... within the Maasai, respect and shyness/shame are positive and are interelated. A person who gets ashamed or shy for his bad actions will want to change for the good of himself and the community which is regarded as being

respectectful. A respectful person will also get shy or ashamed or remorseful if he wrongs.". Among the Samburu, this is the most highly valued trait in interpersonal relations. 2 • [North] Discipline. See: a-any ́t ‘To respect’; a-bár nkányɨt [North] ‘To show respect’.

́ Shame. Ɨntamá ányɨt. Shame him/her. (SN). Syn: ɛn-kʉrrʉ́na ‘Shame’. See: a-any ́t ‘To respect’; ɛnk-ányɨt ‘Respect’.

ányɨt [North]2

n-anyôî [North]

Nom sg: ány ̂t. n.sg. [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-ányoi. n. Vatovaea pseudolablab. [North]

Edible root (of the Vatovaea pseudolablab plant), which may be roasted and eaten during the dry season. See: n-jasí [North] ‘Plant with edible root’.

ɔl-anyɔ́rrani n. God; the one who loves. See: a-nyɔ́rr ‘To love, like’. a-anyʉ́ PF: táányūā. v.prog v.dir. v.prog v.dir. To wait, wait for sth. Wóū aké íyīē amʉ̂ (k)áānyʉ̄. You just come because I will wait for you. Ág ́rā aanyʉ́ máayakɨn ̂ peê atúm ashɔ́mɔ. I am waiting to be given it so that I can go. (Pk). Tɛnáa taá ílōtū tááisére tólikíóki peê ááányʉ́. If you are coming tomorrow, tell me so that I can wait for you. (Pk). Míntóki doí awuapá, táanyʉ́ míkítólíkíni. Stop overreacting angrily and quickly; wait until you get informed. (Pk). Kɛ́anyʉ́ ɔlpáyian ɛnkitók ɛnyɛ́. The man will wait for his wife. (Pk). Átáányūā ɛngárri. I waited for the car. (W). Máítíéú ashɔ́mɔ tɛ mísimísī áányʉ́ mɛtáwaŋá. I fear going in the darkness; I will wait until it is bright. (W). Áány ́ta táatá. I am waiting for it today. Áány ́ta ɛngárri. I am waiting for the vehicle. (*I am refusing the vehicle.) (W). Ááyány ́ta táatá. I am waiting for you today. (W). Kɛ́any ́ta nɨnyɛ́. He/she is waiting for him/her. (SN). Káány ́ta lpayíán. I am waiting for the elder. (SN). Ɛg ́ra áanyɨshɔ. They are waiting. (W). Ɛtaányɨshɛ. He waited (but is not waiting any

more). (W). Ɛtáány ́shɔtɛ. They waited (and are not waiting any more). (W). K ́tɛyɨɛŋâ enkíné amʉ̂ ɛ́tɔ́n dúóó aké k ́ány ́tâ ɔlaɨgúɛ́nani meéu. We have slaughtered a goat because we are still waiting for the chief to come. Note: (eg. We were waiting and waiting, got bored and hungry, so we slaughtered a goat to keep busy.) K ́tɛyɨɛŋâ enkíné amʉ̂ ɛ́tɔ́n dúóó aké k ́ány ́tâ ɔlaɨgúɛ́nani meéu. We have slaughtered a goat because we are still waiting for the chief to come. Note: (eg. We were waiting and waiting, got bored and hungry, so we slaughtered a goat to keep busy.) Note: The ungrammaticality of *táánya PF 'kept back', with the long vowel form, supports classifying this sense with a-ány 'deny', rather than with the stem anyʉ́ 'wait for'. However, native speaker intuition apparently is that it is a sense of a-anyʉ́. 2 • v.prog v.dir. [North] To be emboldened toward, ie. to regain courage, esp. to fight an opponent previously feared; of children bulls etc.

a-anyaá

ambush. Anyáríé ɨmbáa. He will use the arrows to wait in ambush for him. 1 • To

2•

a-ány lgos [North] [North] To set an ambush in a narrow place.

3 • v.prog v.dir. To

wait over a period of time for several people's arrivals at different times; eg. one comes, then some more come. See: a-ány ‘To deny, forbid’; a-rrɨmʉ́ [South] ‘To wait’.

a-anyicó [North] [North] To be waiting. ányúnotó [North] [North] Nom sg: anyúnotó. n. 1 • [North] Waiting. 2 • [North]

(ɛnk-)áŋ

Expectation. See: a-anyʉ́ ‘To wait for’.

Nom sg: (ɛnk-)âŋ. Acc pl: ɨnk-áŋítie. Nom pl: ɨnk-aŋitíé. [North] Acc

pl: nk-áŋíté,

nk-áŋítíé. n. 1 • Location where ones people and cattle are established; home, homestead, settlement. Traditionally associated with a kraal, but modernly may also

refer to a place in a city where one's family resides. A traditional ɛnk-áŋ is arranged in a circular fashion, enclosed by a thorn-bush fence. Small houses are constructed around the inside perimeter, while the cattle sleep in the center of the ɛnk-áŋ. Traditionally ɛnk-áŋ are shared by more than one family, such as by a father, his sons, and their wives. Káló áŋ amʉ̂ ɛ́táá képonú intáre. I am going home because the goats and sheep are just about to come. (Pk). Ɛnkáŋ ɔɔ́ lMáásâ ̂ ɛná. This is a Maasai home. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian ayietú ɨnkɨkʉ́ aɨkárr áŋ. The man is pulling branches (of trees) to fence the home. Máapé áaɨdɨp entúróre ɛ́nkɔ̄p peê kípúó áŋ. [kípúó ! áŋ] Let us go and nish up the cultivation so that we can go home. Wóū ɛnkáŋ âŋ tááisére peê áányʉ́. Come to our home tomorrow and so I will wait for you. (Pk). Nélōtū ɔlpáyian nɛ́manáa tɔɔ́ nkaŋitíé asotú ɨmálasin. The man comes and goes around homesteads collecting beer gourds. ti âŋ at home. See: ɛnk-ají ‘House’; bɔɔ́ ‘Kraal’; ɛmányátá ‘Village’; l-oróra [North] ‘Village’. 2 • Family.

Ɛtáá képuonú ɛnkáŋ ɔlɛ́ Suy ́ánka áarik

entítō. Ole Suyianka's family is about to come and take the ́ girl for marriage. (Pk). Ɨmbʉŋá ɛnkáŋ. Take care of the family. (W).

ɛnk-âŋ oó nkíshú Kraal where cows stay; this may be away from the ɛnk-âŋ where one's family is.

ɛnk-âŋ ɔɔ́ ntaré Kraal where the sheep and goats stay. âŋ Nom sg: áŋ. [North] Acc sg: âg. pn.psr. First person plural possessive pronoun. Óre ɛnâ áshê náa ɛ́ná âŋ. You see this heifer is ours. (Pk). [náa ɛ̀nà âŋ] Ɛshɔmɔ́ ɛnkɛráí áŋ sukúul. Our child has gone to school. Imetoníé oshî olporrór láŋ iloríkan. Our Age-set does not normally sit on chairs.

ɛnk-áŋ ɛ kʉ́lɛ̄

n. Milk

ceremony; an initiation ceremony which follows the e-únótó ceremony by a few months (lit: home of

milk). Prior to this, a warrior must eat together with other warriors and may not even drink outside of the camp if women are present. Only following the ɛnk-áŋ ɛ-kʉ́lɛ̄ ceremony may the man eat in the presence of his female lover or wife (and at first he may feel shameful doing so). This ceremony happens perhaps one week to one month before ɛnk-áŋ oó nkírír. This ceremony requires the entire age set to shave their red-ochre-stained hair. It is a mother's role to shave her own graduating son. Note: This is not commonly practiced within the Ilkeekonyokie Maasai. See: a-ók kʉlɛ́ ‘Milk drinking ceremony’; e-únótó ‘Installation home for warriors’; ɛnk-áŋ oó nkírí ‘Meat ceremoney’.

ɛnk-áŋ oó nkírí

Nom sg: ɛnk-âŋ

óo nkírí. n. Meat ceremony, which allows warriors to eat by themselves meat that has been prepared by women of a selected homestead near the meatcamp; the particular women (likely women who only have sons and whose homes are not marked by conflict) are selected by elders. This ceremony may happen one week to about one month after ɛnk-áŋ ɛ kʉ́lɛ̄ (lit: home of meats). Kóre

inkitúaak ɔɔ́ nkáŋítie náata típat náa nɨncɛ́ egelúnī peê éyíér inkírí tɛ nkáŋ óo nkírí. Women from homes

with values are the ones that are selected to cook meat at the meat-ceremony home. A specially chosen bull is slaughtered for this ceremony. Wives (from the nearby homestead) must prove to their husbands (junior elders) that they have not engaged in any illegitimate affairs with men of the younger warrior age-set. Whether this has occurred will be revealed by participating in the bull's skin ritual. Men wrestle among themselves to get near the bull's skin, to see if their wives have been unfaithful to their own (junior elder) age set. (If a woman is guilty, she will be disrespected by the whole age set. To regain respect she must obtain a cow for her husband from her relatives.) By the end of the meat ceremony, both men and women fight against one another for the specially roasted meat. See: ɛnk-áŋ ɛ kʉ́lɛ̄ ‘Milk ceremoney’; eúnótó ‘Installation home for warriors’.

aŋâ

[South]: aŋaŋá. interj. Exclamation

of horror or suprise at sth. unbelievable; it may be either really good, or really bad news.

A: Káji k ́nkʉ́na ɛntɛmatá? B:Kʉ́ák aŋâ! Á ́ma pɔɔk ́! A: How did you do on the test? B: Incredible! I scored everything!

l-áŋá [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-aŋá. n.pl. [North]

ɔl-áŋáríé k ́na

Nom sg: ɔl-áŋaríé

which appear at the rainy season.

Flying termites

k ́na. Acc pl: ɨl-áŋáríé k ́na. Nom pl: ɨláŋaríé k ́na. n. My brother, of the same biological mother (lit: the one with whom I share the breast). Kɛ́bɔ́r ɔlɔ́ŋaríé k ́na. My brother is gentle. Ádɔ́l ɔláŋáríé k ́na. I will see my brother. (lit: I will see the one with whom I share the breast.). See: ɔl-ɔŋaríé k ́na ‘His brother’.

ɔl-áŋat

Nom sg: ɔl-áŋât. Acc pl: ɨl-áŋatí. Nom pl: ɨl-áŋātī

?. [West] Acc pl: ɨlaŋátī. [West] Nom pl: ɨl-áŋatí. n. 1 • Hot coal fire, red hot coals. 2 • [North] Warm coals, embers. 3 • Coal-fire, blaze.

en-kɨmá naijukújūk coal fire. (ɛnk-)áŋátá Nom sg: aŋatá. Acc pl: aŋát. Nom pl: aŋát. Variant: ɔ́ŋátá;

ɔ́ŋɔ́tá. [North] Acc sg: áŋátá, ɔ́ŋáta, láŋátá. [North] Nom sg: laŋatá. n.f. 1 • Flat country; (treeless) plain, desert. ti aŋatá on the plain, in the desert. See: n-k ́s ́ácata [North] ‘Treeless plain’.

outside of the home. Átóduaa olowuarú kerî ti ɔŋɔtá. I have seen a spotted leopard in the bush. (Pk). 3 • Opening or place where one can cross a river; fording place. See: a-láŋ ‘To cross’; ɛ-láŋátá ‘Ford’. This word is very common in place names. For a few instances (taken from Mol 1996): Áŋátá Nányókíé is the the original Maasai name for the present-day Wuasinkishu Plateau, Kenya (lit: plain which is reddish-brown); Áŋátá ó Lgúlúlūī name of place 20 km. south-east of Namanga, Kenya (lit: plain of the orange fruits); Áŋátá è Loitá large plains south-west of Narok Town, Narok District, Kenya, bordered by the 2 • Area

Olkinyei Hills, the Pardamat Hills, the Ilkeekoorook Road, and the Narok-Ololulunga Road (lit: plain of Loita); Áŋátá Pʉ̂s name of one of the plains in the Maasai Mara game park, located between the Ilkeekoorook Lodge and the Talek Gate (lit: grey plain); Áŋátá Rɔ́nkáí name of place 15 km. south of Nairobi along the road to Magadi, Kenya (lit: narrow plain); Áŋátá Náádɔ́ name of place about 23 km. south-east of Narok Town, Kenya (lit: plain which-islong); Áŋátá Nas ́nya name of one of the plains in the Maasai Mara game park (lit: plain which-is-faultless); Áŋátá é Ntérít name of place 10 km. east of Naarɔɔsura, Narok District, Kenya (lit: plain of dust); Áŋátá é Kítét Kitet or Suswa Plains, Narok District, Kenya (lit: Barren Plain). As a nominal form, áŋátá varies for case in these proper names: Ɛɨbɔ́rrā Aŋatá é Kítét. The Kitet Plain has become dry. See: e-wúâs ‘Plain’. áŋátá Barrikói n.prop. Plain. See: Ɔ́ŋátá Barrikói ‘Place name in Trans-Mara, Kenya, 20 km. south of Lolgorien, on the border with Tanzania’.

ɔl-áŋéní Nom sg: ɔl-aŋení. Acc pl: ɨl-áŋénî. Nom pl: ɨl-áŋénî. n. Wiseman. Ɔláŋéní aké óyíóló ɛnaikoní tɛnɛ́ ́tɔbɨr ́ ɛnkáŋ natasakutóki. It is only the wiseman who knows how to undo a curse lodged at a certain home. Népūōnū ɨláŋénî.

Wisemen came. This person gives you advice, and reads stars and slaughtered goats to fortell rain.

ɛnk-áŋéní Wisewoman. See: l-aánkamíníŋi [North] ‘Wiseman’. l-áŋíé [North] Nom sg: l-aŋíé. n. 1 • [North] Bridge. 2 • [North]

Dam that holds water for a long period of time.

1 • Hunter.

Ɛt́ árá ŋolé ɔláŋóróní ɔrmɛʉ́t tiaúluo âŋ.

ɔl-aŋóroni

Nom sg: ɔl-áŋóróní. Acc pl: ɨl-aŋorók. Nom pl: ɨl-aŋorók. n.

Yesterday a hunter killed a giraffe just outside our home. (Pk). This may apply to one who kills wildlife for security, food, or fun. 2 • One who supplies the family with its necessities: provider, breadwinner. Eléléró oshî ilaŋorók lɔ́ɔ nkáŋítie ɛnyɛ̂.

It is the young adults who are the breadwinners of their homes. (Pk). advocate, lawyer. Kʉlɔ̂ tʉ́ŋáná dóí ilaŋorók lááinéí tɛná gɛlarɛ́. These people are my supporters in this election. (Pk). See: ol-tórróboní ‘Hunter’. 3 • Supporter;

ɛn-aɔk katampó Mythological serpent that is so tall it drinks from the clouds.

ol-áómónóni

a-áp1

See: ɛnɛ-m-atatampó ‘Mythological

Nom pl: aomónok. n. 1 • One

serpent’.

who keeps on begging. 2 • [Chamus] Worshipper. Maasai people do not commonly beg, but this could be applied to Nairobi street children. See: a-omón ‘To beg’. v.s. 1 • To

become pregnant or give birth before circumcision. ́ áápá entitó ɛ́ ́tʉ̂ ɛ́mʉ́rát ̂ The girl has Usage: vulgar. Ɛt become pregnant before circumcision. It is tragic if this occurs; the girl is in disgrace and generally despised. To be pregnant. Usage: animals. Kɛ́áp nk ́tɛŋ. The cow is pregnant. (SN). 3 • [North] To be in early stages of pregnancy. Usage: animals only. 4 • [South] To wrestle in a friendly way, usually done by warriors as play. See: a-atá ɛ́-nátîû ‘To be pregnant’; aɨmalɨmál ‘To fool about’; ɛn-táápáí ‘Girl who gets pregnant before circumcision’; a-nʉtá ‘To be pregnant’; áa-naŋaro ‘To wrestle’. 2 • [North]

a-apʉ́ [North] [North] To become pregnant, of animals. a-áp [North]2 v. [North] To help each other (eg. raise a heavy object). Ɛtaápatɛ. They have helped each other. (S). See: aapʉ́ ‘To lift, raise’.

áa-apa

wrestle together as friends. Kítáápáte. We will wrestle (friendly) with each other. See: áa-naŋaro ‘To wrestle’; aaparɛ́ ‘To wrestle with’. v.mid.pl. To

apá

[West]: ɔpá. adv. 1 • Previous

time: long ago, before, formerly. Nétií apá, ɔlmʉrraní óbō. Long ago, there was a warrior.

Óre oshî táatá néméékúré kílótú aɨrɔrɔk ́ ánaa apá. Nowadays you don't come to see me like before. Íkúɛ́t ɔpá?

Did you used to run? (W). The first apá in the following sentence brings out the meaning that the "action was suppose to have been done before" and now it is time to do it. Képūōī taá apá áasai amʉ̂ ɔmɛsáyia apá. She is going to be betrothed because she was not betrothed before. Ɛshɔmɔ́ doí apá (~ ɔpá)? Ɛákʉ? He has actually gone long ago? Isn't that right? (W). nkapá apá Events of a long time ago. Ant: kɛnyá ‘Someday in the future’. afterwards. peê iponúnu apá áarik entítō. so that [when everything is done] you can come to lead [marry] the girl. 3 • [North] Any time in the past beginning a few days ago. 2 • Later,

ɔl-apá, ɨn-apá, ɛni-apá ( :{etc.})

ɔl-ápa1

adj.quant. The

root apá may take a gender prefix or a demonstrative (and then optionally precede a bare noun stem) to indicate 'the one(s) previously mentioned' or 'the one(s) of long ago': áasʉj ɨnapá kíshú ɛnyɛ̂ to follow those cows of theirs [that I had mentioned previously in the discourse]. ɛniapá iná búku a book from a long time ago (ie. that has been superceded by more recent books). Ɛlɛ̂ áshê apá ɛwalatá ɔ́ lapá k ́nɛ́ oteyiaŋá. This calf is what he gave for the exchange of the castrated he-goat that he slaughtered. Nom sg: ɔl-ápâ. Acc pl: ɨl-apaitín. Nom pl: ɨl-ápaitin. [North] Acc pl: l-

apatín, l-apaitín. [North] Nom pl: l-ápatin, l-ápaitín. n. 1 • Moon. Ɛwákɨ ɔlápa. It is the first sighting of the new moon. (lit: The moon has been taken.). 2 • Month; one lunar cycle. In Maa, "moon" implies "month", and vice-versa. The plural specifically indicates 'months'. The Maasai

month is divided into two parts of two further parts each. The two main parts correspond from the waning of the moon until full darkness; and from the new moon to the full moon. See: ɨmpaashát ‘Fortnight’.

ɔl-kádɛ́d ol-ónyókíé e-sopía naitúruku e-sopía ɛ pɔ́lɔs e-sopía nabayíé Hym: apá ‘Long ago’. ɔl-ápa2 Nom sg: ɔl-ápâ. Acc pl: ɨl-ápa(y)i. Nom pl: ɨl-ápái. n. Mushroom. See: ɛm-pɔ́pɨát ‘mushroom’.

n-kík ɛ́ lápa [North] [North] Mushroom (lit: faeces of the moon).

apáayîâ

[North]: apááyîâ. greeting. 1 • Respectful

term of address used by a man when greeting an unfamiliar man, whose age is uncertain but likely of one's own age-set and younger than the speaker's father. If the speaker imagines the addressee is the same age as his father, then he would say mpápá, mpapa áí, pápa. If the addressee is older than the speaker's father, he would say inkúyiaa. 2 • [North] Respectful term of address for greeting an older man; O elder!, O my father!

l-ápá ́ [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-apá .́ [North] Acc pl: l-ápa. [North] Nom pl: l-

ápâ. n. [North] A bit of milk which can be coaxed out of a cow with no calf. See: kʉlɛ́ ‘Milk’.

ɨl-apaitín

Nom pl: ɨl-ápaitin. n.pl. Months

of the Maasai calendar; season. Some Maa speakers suggest the following are names of months: Ilapaitín loó nkókua 'Season of the long rains'; oladalʉ́ 'The one that becomes scorched' (January); arát 'Green just at the bottom of the valleys' (February); ɔɛn ́ ɔɨŋɔk 'The ritual tying of bulls' (March); olodoyíóríê inkókúâ 'When the Pleiades set' (April); Ilapaitín lɔ́ lɔɨrʉjʉ́rʉj 'Chilly season'; ol-oilépūnyīē

inkókúâ 'When the Pleiades rise' (May); kújú ɔrɔk 'Long black hair' (June); mórusásin 'Thin stones' (July); ɔl-ɔ́ ́bɔ́r árɛ 'White foamy water' (August); Il-apaitín ló ltúmuret 'Season of short rains'; kúshîn 'African pied wagtail' (September); ol-gísan (October); pʉshʉ́ka 'Flower buds' (November); ntʉ́ŋʉ́s 'Short rain' (December). See: ɔl-ápa ‘Moon, month’.

l-aparasíyíó [North]

Type of song sung by women at the door of the house where a girl was excised or a boy was circumcised, some hours after the operation. See: l-dikíé [North] ‘Song by boys’; l-ɛbárta [North] ‘Mockery song for almost-circumcised boys’; n-kéreyio [North] ‘Song by uninitiated girls’; l-kíshúrótó [North] ‘Raiders' song of victory’; lkulonkói [North] ‘Song by night trekkers’; l-ɔ́dɔ [North] ‘Song by old men’; n-tírrá [North] ‘Song by warriors’; e-wóko [North] ‘Song to narrate one's achievement’.

a-aparɛ́

n. [North]

wrestle with s.o. Káaaparɛ́. He will wrestle with me. (Pk). Ɛg ́ra aaparɛ́ Lékumok Osinyú peê ɛdɔl tɛ náa kɛ́ ́d ́mʉ. Lekumok is wrestling with Osinyu, to see if he is able to (put him down). (W) [This necessarily implies that Osinyu is stronger than Lekumok.]. Káji eikó ɔltʉ́ŋání peê ɛaparɛ́ ɛnkÁí? How can a man wrestle with God? (W). 2 • [North] To hide; [West] To hide; [South] [West] [North] To hide. v.mid v.inst. 1 • To

To go alongside sth. extended in space. Ɛáparɛ̂ entîm peê mɛ́dɔ́l ɨlmáŋatí. They hid (on the other side of) the bush so that the enemies could not see them. (W) [This implies that the enemies were on one side of the forest, while the plural subject was moving along the other side (ie. not stationary).]. Ɛg ́ra aaparɛ́ oreyíét aɨŋɔrʉ́ ewúéji nɛlaŋíé. He is going alongside the river to look for a place to cross. (W). 4 • [North] To cure. See: a-ishíú ‘To recover’; a-itomwáí ‘To cure’. 3 • [West]

To take care of an injured person. Káálótú aaparɛ́. I will come to take care of you. (SN). 6 • [North] To work hard; [South] [North] To work hard. 5 • [North]

l-aparrúk [North]

[North] Nom pl: l-ápurrúk. n.pl. [North]

Opportunistic youth who hang around harrasing others, thieving, etc.; delinquents.

ápátéí [North]

[North] Nom sg: apatéí. [North] Acc pl: apatení. [North] Nom

pl: ápatení. adj. [North]

apáyia

greeting. 1 • [North]

Electric blue.

Term for greeting a respected older man. 2 • Term for greeting s.o. your age that you don't know.

l-ápáyíánó [North] Elderhood.

[North] Nom sg: l-apayianó. n. [North]

See: ɔl-payíán ‘Elder’.

nk-apenîâ [North]

Milk fat found in cooled fresh milk. See: ɔl-arámpâî ‘Cream’; rapáti ‘Soup fat’.

apɛ́ny [North]

Nom sg: nk-ápenîâ. n. [North]

[North] Nom sg: ápɛny. [North] Acc pl: aápɛ́ny. [North] Nom

pl: áapɛ́ny. adj. [North]

nk-apianâ [North]

Alone.

See: ɔpɛ́ny ‘Alone’.

Variant: nk-apenia. [North] Nom sg: nk-ápeniâ.

[North] Acc pl: nk-ápian. n. [North]

Cream.

nk-ap ́lani [North] [North] Acc pl: nk-ap ́lak. n. [North] Evil eye. nk-apɨlɛ́ [North] [North] Nom sg: nk-ápɨlɛ́. [North] Acc pl: nk-apɨlɛ̂n. n. [North] Small hyena species.

apiyíó

[North] Nom sg: ápiyíó. Acc pl: apiyioritin. [North] Acc pl: apiyioní.

[North] Nom pl: ápiyioní, See: ápuyia ‘Uncle’.

apiyioní. n. 1 • Mother's brother; uncle.

2 • Brother-in-law.

nk-ápīyīō Aunt. nk-ápiyio [North]

[North] Nom sg: nk-ápíyio. n. 1 • [North]

Man's

sister's daughter; niece. 2 • [North] The sister of one's apiyíó (ie. uncle's sister).

l-ápóí [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-apóí. [North] Acc pl: l-ápo. [North] Nom pl: l-

ápô. n. [North] Empty honeycomb.

n-apɔrsaɨnɨá [Chamus]

Spider. e-súrusuri ‘Spider’; ol-pipí [South] ‘Spider’.

n-apɔrsʉ́s [North]

n. [Chamus]

See: ol-kédi ‘Spider’;

n. [North]

A severe historical famine, also called nacaparpʉ́s; perhaps the most ancient remembered among the Samburu. See: n-atam ́kɨ kɨmɛncʉ́ [North] ‘Historical famine’; nɛkʉm ́lɔ [North] ‘Historical famine’; rráá l-túálán [North] ‘Historical severe famine’.

a-apʉ́ v.dir. 1 • To raise sth. up, lift; support sth.; lift sth. heavy. Ɛapʉ́ ɛnkɛráí osoít. The child is lifting up a (heavy) stone. Etaápúá ɛnkɛráí osoít ŋolé. The child lifted the stone yesterday. (W). Káápʉ́ lórīkā. Can I lift the chair? (SN). 2 • [North]

To give psychological support.

a-apaá v.dir. [North] To pick sth. up, collect sth. lying down. Ɛápáa ɛnkɛráí osoít. The child is moving the stone (eg. to clear it away). (W). Káápáa nká ́ná. I will lift my hand. (SN). Usage: Though both apá nká ́ná and apáa nká ́nā are possible, the former has more of a sense that sth. is being done to the hand..

a-apɨtá [North] v.prog. [North] To be lifting sth. up. Kááp ́ta nkɛ́ráí. I am lifting the child. (SN). See: a-rrapʉ́ [North] ‘To pick up’.

nk-ápʉ́nɛ́ [North]

[North] Nom sg: nk-apʉnɛ́. [North] Acc pl: nk-apúnya.

[North] Nom pl: nk-ápunya. n. [North]

n-apuo ntárɛ sʉ́kʉta [North]

Cave.

[napʉntárɛ sʉ́kʉta] n.phrase. [North]

Large, fast moving, hair spider (perhaps tarantula) (lit: the bitter thing which makes the goats run).

l-apʉ̂p [North]

making mats.

[North] Nom sg: l-ápʉp. n. [North]

See: ɨláal

nk-apúpôî [North]

[North] ‘Mats’.

Material for

[North] Nom sg: nk-ápupôî. [North] Acc pl: nk-

apúpôî. [North] Nom pl: nk-ápupôî. n. [North] Wing.

See: ɛn-

aipúkôî ‘Wing’.

nk-apʉ́r [North] n. [North] Healthiness. ɔl-apúrroni Nom sg: ɔl-ápúrróní. Acc pl: ɨl-apurrók. Nom pl: ɨl-ápúrrók, ɨl-apurrók. [North] Nom sg: l-ápurroni. [North] Nom pl: l-ápurrók. n. Thief. Ɛɨbʉ́ŋá ɨs ́karɨn ́ ɔlapúrroni. The policemen have arrested the thief. (ie. he has his hands tied up and has been carried off to jail) (W). Ɛt́ ́g ́lá ɔlápúrróní ɛnkají nɛ́ya ɨmɔtíoo(k) pɔɔk ́. A thief broke into the house and took all the pots. Syn: ol-púrríshóí ‘Thief’. See: ɔl-áínyámoní ‘Livestock thief’.

ɛnk-apʉtáni

Nom sg: ɛnk-ápʉ́tání. Acc pl: ɨnk-apʉták. Nom pl: ɨnk-

ápʉtak. [North] Acc sg: nk-aʉtáni. [South] Acc sg: ɛnk-aʉtáni. n. Motherin-law, from either husband or wife's perspective; feminine affinal relative, particularly of the same generation as the mother-in-law. A man cannot sleep under the same roof as his mother-in-law. Their interactions are cautious, respectful, and limited in scope.

ɔl-apʉtáni

Acc pl: ɨl-apʉták. 1 • Father-in-law,

from either husband

or wife's perspective. 2 • Male relatives of the father-in-law's age, male in-laws; fathers-in-law. 3 • In-laws, including both men and women.

ɔl-aʉtáni Wife's father. See: ɛnk-apʉt ́ ‘Marriage negotiations’; yieyíô ‘Mother’.

ɛnk-apʉt ́

Nom sg: ɛnk-apʉ́tɨ. Acc pl: ɨnk-aápʉtɨ. Nom pl: ɨnk-aapʉtí. n.

1 • Marriage

negotiations; the establishment of a relationship between in-laws. Ɛshɔmɔ́ ŋolé ɔlpáyian ɛnkapʉt ́ éntító ɛnyɛ́. The man went for the marriage negotiations of his daughter. ɛnkapʉt ́ includes the contact between the two people who are going to marry, between the families, and the formal instructions by parents and parents' friends to the people who are going to marry. The primary focus in the negotiations is on the

man; typically women do not come to negotiation meetings until the final stages. 2 • Relative by marriage. 3 • [South] Relative (any).

in-kíshú ɛ́ nkapʉt ́ Cattle for marriage negotiations. ápuyia Variant: apú. n.voc. Term of address for uncle. Ápuyia, káji íló? Uncle, where are you going? a-ár1 PF, SUBJN: taara. v.prog. 1 • To beat, fight. Ɛár ́ta ɔlŋatúny olóítíkó. The lion is attacking the zebra. (W). ɛ́táárá ɔlpáyian ɛnkɛ́ráí naɨmal ́mālā. The man has beaten the child who has misbehaved. Táara ɨna k ́tɛ́ŋ mɛshɔ́mɔ aɨŋuá kʉ́tʉ́k-ají. Beat that cow so it leaves the door of the house.

harm. Kɛ́ār doí iyíóók ɛlɛ̂ tʉ́ŋání. This person is indeed going to harm us (perhaps verbally or physically, or even kill us). (Pk). ɛ́táárá ɔlɔ́ ́ŋɔ́n ́ ɔlɨká ́ ag ́l ɛnkɛjʉ́ The bull has harmed the other one by breaking its leg. Kérícō rrárrat ɛ́ ltupá. Pieces of a broken bottle do hurt. (SN). 2 • To

verbally expose someone's guilt. ɛ́táárá tɛ nkutúk aɨmak ́ entorrónī ɛnyɛ́. He has beaten him with the mouth to tell about his bad deeds. T ɛ nkʉtʉ́k aké ɛ́táárá ayɨmak ́ ɛntorróní ɛnyɛ́ pɔɔk ́. It is only by mouth that he beat him to expose all his wrongdoing. 4 • [North] To reach as far as (eg. as a radio transmitter capable of hitting Nairobi). 5 • [North] To be effective against an illness. 3 • To

áa-ara Variant: áa-ra. v.mid.pl. To fight, fight each other. Ɛtaárate ŋolé. They fought yesterday. (Pk). Míntokíki áaara pɛ́shɔ. Stop fighting with no reason. (Pk). Ɛtaáratɛ ŋolé. They fought (physically) yesterday. (Pk). Míntikíki áara

pɛ́shɔ. Stop fighting for no cause. (Pk). Ɛt́ ɔ́ná ŋolé áara tɔɔ́ nkʉtʉkíé ɔmɛtádóí ɛnkɔ́lɔŋ. They kept fighting verbally until the sun went down. (Pk). K ́ará. We are fighting one another. (W). See: ɛn-ára ‘Battle, fighting’.

a-ararɛ́

v.dir v.appl. To

a-ariár

1 • To

fight against sth. such as a person, idea, or policy; fight with, struggle with. Ɛtárarɛ ɔmɛ́ ́dimʉ́ kɛnyá. He fought against it until he won at long last. Óre tɛ nkɛ́shâ ínyí ɨararɛ́rɛ iŋók in your struggle against sin (lit: in your fighting with sin). Táararɛ ɔm ́k ́tápála. Fight with him until he stops fighting you. beat and beat. 2 • To beat gently.

ɛ-ároyú To be take-away-able by force. Ɛároyú kʉnâ kíshu amʉ̂ éísidaîn olêŋ. These cows can be taken away by force because they are so good.

a-araá v.dir. To drive away. Kɛ́aráa ɛlɛ́ páyian ɛnkɛ́ráí ɛnyɛ́ to roréí This man is going to drive away his child by his a-arʉ́

compaint.

beat towards the speaker. Ɛarʉ́ ɛnkáyíóní inkíshú tɛ oréyiet. The boy will beat the cows from the river. Ɛarúnō inkíshu tɛ oréyiet. Cows have been beaten out of the river . Ɛarúnoyú inkíshu tɛ oréyiet. Cows can be beaten out of the river. Ɛtɔ́rɔ́pá lpáyian v.dir. To

látíá ɛnyɛ́ aishó ntáré payîê mélíkóo áajo nɨnyɛ́ ɔ́tarúá nkíshú. The man has bribed his neighbours by

giving them goats so that they may not report that he raided/stole (lit: beat toward the pt. of reference) the cows. (SN). See: a-idóŋ ‘To beat’; a-ósh ‘To hit’.

a-aryé v.apl. To beat with. a-ár2 [North]: árr. PF: tara. v.prog. 1 • To kill. Kɛ́ār doí iyíóók ɛlɛ̂ tʉ́ŋání. This person is indeed going to kill us. Á ́d ́ma

ataárā̀ ɔlŋátúny metúá ŋolé. I was able to kill the lion yesterday. (W). Ɛt́ árá apá ɔlarinkóí ɨnjorín. Long ago Olarinkoi killed groups of warriors. Ɛtáárá oldîâ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ metúá. The dog killed the cow. (W). Ɛtáárá ɛnk ́tɛŋ oldîâ metúá. The cow killed the dog. (W). Ɛtáárá ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ metúá ŋolé. She killed the cow yesterday. (W). Ɛt́ árá ɛnkaí aarié ɔlálɛ́m ónyókíé. God killed him with a red sword. (ie., in a terriably destructive way). (Pk). Ɛt́ árá olówuaru kérī enkíné. A leopard has killed a goat. Kátára. He has killed it. (S). Áár ́ta. I am killing it. aár metúá to kill (lit. to kill/beat so it is dead) (W). See: a-sesekúán ‘To kill’.

extinguish. Usage: fire. Ɛt́ árá enkítok ɛnk ́má tɛ nkárɛ. The woman has extinguished fire with water. Áár nk ́má. I am putting out the fire. (SN). 2 • To

make sth. disfunctional. Ɛt́ árá ɔlmalimúí sukúul mɛtáa meponú ɨnkɛ́rā. The teacher has made the school dysfunction so that there are no more students coming. Ɛt́ árá olmórúo ɛngári áí. The man has made my car dysfunctional. 3 • To

a-itaár, a-ɨtár To cause to be beaten, extinguished. a-ár metua [North] [North] To kill (lit: to kill/beat until death).

a-arak ́ [North] [North] To kill for. a-aricó [North] v.apass. [North] To be a killer, to kill habitually. a-aríé [North] [North] To kill with. a-ár ɛnkárɛ́ v.prog. 1 • To swim (lit: to beat water). Áár ́ta ɛnkárɛ́. I am swimming. Átááráyie ɛnkárɛ́ aɨlɛ́p. I swam up out of the water. 2 • [North] To fish. The Northern Samburu do not fish, but they know other groups who do in nearby Lake Turkana. See: a-

ɨsɔmpɨrá ‘To swim’; a-sʉjarɛ́ ‘To swim’; a-pór ɛnkárɛ́ ‘To swim’; alɔ́p nkárɛ́ [North] ‘To swim’.

a-ár ɛn-k ́ma v.prog. To sweat (lit: the fire beats [s.o.]). Káarɨta ɛnk ́ma. (lit: Fire is beating/killing me.) (i) I'm sweating! (K) (ii) The fire is heating me (eg. I am near a fire and the fire is too hot.) (SN). Ákúɛ́ta ŋolé náaâr ɛnk ́ma. (lit: I ran yesterday and the fire beat(s) me.) (i) I ran yesterday and I sweated. (K) (ii) I ran yesterday and the fire burned me. (SN).

áa-ar en-kúkúó a-ará

v.pl. To

play a guessing-game using a single charcoal piece hidden in the hand; players guess which hand it is in. [West]: a-araá. v.dir. 1 • To

keep to one side, struggle toward one

side. Ɛg ́ra ɔlárɛwání lɛ́ gárri aaraá encótó ɛ́ tátɛ́nɛ́ ɔ́ lgwɛ̂ peê mɛ́rʉ́s inkíshú. The driver of the car is keeping/fighting to the right side of the road so that he doesn't hit the cows. (W). Kɛ́taráítie kɨdɛ́nyɛ́. They kept to the left. (SN).

take away. Óre apá peê áâ ɔlɛ́ ́lɔ órere náa mɛ́nyɛ́ apá ɔ́arárō. He became of that people because his father was the one taken into captivity. (Pk). 2 • To

ɛn-ára

Acc pl: ɨn-araritín. Nom pl: ɨn-áraritín. n. Battle,

See: en-jóré ‘War’.

ɛn-áráá1

fighting, war.

Nom sg: ɛn-araá. n. Leaves

laid down to act as a table for laying meat on, after roasting the meat. Syn: [North] n-tasá ‘Leaves for laying meat on top of’. See: ɛn-kʉ́j ́tá ‘Grass’.

l-áráá [North]2

Nom sg: l-araá. Acc pl: l-áráân. Nom pl: l-araán. n.

[North] Type of grass that grows on the banks of a river; reeds. See: ɛn-kʉ́j ́tá ‘Grass’.

ɔl-arábani [South]

n. [South]

aárani ‘Beater, attacker’.

l-arágole [North]

n. [North]

Beater, attacker.

See: ɔl-

Sth. one throws, and it comes back

to you; boomerang.

ɛnk-arak ́ Nom sg: ɛnk-árak .́ n.sg. Reason, because of. Ɛɨtʉ́ elo Renóí sukúul tɛ nkárak ́ emueyíán. Renoi has not gone to school because of sickness.

arak ́

conj. Or.

Tɛ́gɛlʉ́ enkishúí arak ́ kɛɛ́ya. Choose between

life or death.

ɔl-árámátani 2 • One

See: arashʉ̂ ‘Or,

n. 1 • Shepherd.

unless’.

who tends and cares. 3 • [North] God.

ɛnk-árámátani Female shepherd or caretaker. nk-arámi [North] [North] Nom sg: nk-árami. [North] Acc pl: nk-arám. [North] Nom pl: nk-áram. n. [North]

l-arámi [North] 2 • [North]

ɔl-arámpâî

1 • [North]

Children.

Young mid-sized cattle.

Young mid-sized cattle.

Nom sg: ol-árampâî. Acc pl: ɨl-arámpā. Nom pl: ɨl-árampá.

[North] Acc pl: l-arámpa. [North] Nom pl: l-árampa. n. 1 • Fat

part of milk

which rises to the top; cream. 2 • Green scum-like material that develops over water; algae. See: ɛn-kapianá ‘Milk fat’; ɛ-ŋɔrnɔ̂ ‘Ghee’.

l-aramʉ̂s [North] n. [North] Cataract of the eye. nk-arandá [North] [North] Nom sg: nk-árandá. [North] Acc pl: nk-

arandân. [North] Nom pl: nk-árandân. n. [North] Rain-hat made from calfskin; previously worn by warriors to keep their hair dress from getting ruined in the rain.

nk-arandâî [North]

[North] Nom sg: nk-árandâî. [North] Acc pl: nk-

arandân. [North] Nom pl: nk-árandân. n. [North] Term for a warrior, used among themselves.

ɔl-árani

Nom sg: ɔl-áráni. Acc pl: ɨl-árak. Nom pl: ɨl-árak. [North] Nom sg: l-

áráni. [North] Acc pl: l-árak. [North] Nom pl: l-árak. n. Murderer, killer. ltʉŋáni árani a killer (S). See: ɔl-aárani ‘Beater, attacker’.

ɔl-arányani

Nom sg: ɔl-árányání. Acc pl: ɨl-aranyák. Nom pl: ɨl-árányák.

[North] Nom sg: l-áranyani. n. Singer,

dance’.

ɔl-arany ́

Nom sg: ɔl-árany .́ n. Song. See: l-kení

sínkólīō ‘Song’.

ɔl-árao1

dancer.

See: a-rány ‘To

sing,

[North] ‘song’; o-

Nom sg: ɔl-áráo. Acc pl: ɨl-aráōn. Nom pl: ɨl-áraón. n. 1 • Piece

of leather, or "broom", about the size of one's palm, usually used by women for cleaning out a pen for sheep or calves. Tɔrrɔ́k kʉlɔ́ áraón. These cleaning skins are bad. (W). 2 • [North] One who brings in cows from raids.

ɛnk-árao [North] Water trough. See: e-orét ‘Broom’; l-piríyeét [Chamus] ‘Broom’.

l-árao [North]2

Character, demeanor. See: ɛm-p ́kátá ‘Placing, putting; temperment’.

ɛnk-ararâî

[North] Nom sg: l-áráo. n. [North]

Nom sg: ɛnk-árarâî. Acc pl: ɨnk-arará. Nom pl: ɨnk-árara.

[North] Nom pl: nk-árará. n. 1 • Plastic. 2 • Quill

(of vulture, eagle).

árárɛ́ [North] n. [North] Wax. a-ararí v.dir v.mid. 1 • To keep to one side. Táārārī kédíányɛ́! Keep ́ intóki áarari idia áló! (You pl.) keep to that to the left! Ɛm side! Ájó áípótu meéu ɛná shótó ɔ́ lgʉ̂ɛ;̂ nɛ́arári aló ɛnká ́ shótó. I tried to call him to come to this side of the road; then he kept on going/struggling towards the other side. (W). To be scared away. Kóre peê ɛ́dɔ́l iyioó lósowuaní nɛ́arári áaɨsɨg. When the buffalo saw us, they ran away fleeing. (SN). 3 • [South] To go astray, rebel. See: a-póŋ ‘To miss’. 2 • [North]

ɛ-árárotó

Nom sg: ɛ-arárotó. Acc pl: ɨ-ararót. Nom pl: ɨ-árarót. n.

1 • Captivity.

Óre apá ɨltʉ́ŋáná pɔɔk ́ ɔɔ́tɨmɨrak ́ nɛ́yá ́

ɛárárotó. All the people that were defeated were taken into

captivity. (Pk). 2 • Captive.

l-arásani [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-árasani. [North] Acc pl: l-arasák.

[North] Nom pl: l-árasák. n. [North]

rasaá ‘To raid, attack’.

ɔl-arási

Assailant, attacker.

See: a-

Nom sg: ɔl-árasi. Acc pl: ɨl-arâs. Nom pl: ɨl-áras. [North] Acc pl: l-arás.

n. 1 • Rib.

Ɨlpayianí oshî ɔ́ɔn ̄ yā ɨlarâs lɔ́lk ̄tɛ̄ŋ He became

of that people because his father was the one taken into captivity. (Pk) It is men who eat the bullock's ribs. 2 • [North] The two upper ribs. Usage: archaic. In S, the singular form may possibly not occur. See: l-babák; l-márai [North] ‘Rib’.

arashʉ̂ Variant: aashʉ̂. [West]: aashʉ́. [North]: o aashû. conj. 1 • Or. Shɔ́mɔ áŋ o aashʉ̂ ɔlɔɨnyaŋ ́. Go home or to the market. Áításhē o aashʉ̂ atɔ́n. I will stand or sit down. Tɛ́gɛlʉ́ enkishúí aashʉ̂ kɛɛ́ya Choose between life or death. See: aashʉ̂; aɨashʉ̂; aná; arak ́ ‘Or’.

as to prevent the possibility of sth.; lest. Ísumayú arashʉ̂ ɨbatátā. Study lest you fail. (Pk). See: anáaa ‘Or else’. 2 • So

if. Arashʉ̂ aké teníkínyórru ínâ kátá aké árét. If you love me, that is when I will help you. (Pk). 3 • Unless,

arát1

Nom sg: árat. Acc pl: ɨ-arát. n.sg. 1 • February;

the second month in the calendar. Arát oshî euníéki ɨlpáyɛ̂k. It is in February that they usually plant maize. 2 • The quality of greenness at the bottom of a valley, just as the valley opens out to the plain, due to the greater moisture at that point.

l-arát [North]2

Nom sg: l-árat. Acc pl: l-aratí. Nom pl: l-áratí. n. [North]

Metal object inside a bell that rotates to make the bell ring; clapper. See: ɛnk-arɛ́t ‘Clapper’.

árátá [North] n. [North]

[North] Nom sg: aratá. [North] Acc pl: arát. [North] Nom pl: arát.

Injury.

l-aráti [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-árati. [North] Acc pl: l-arát. Variant: l-

aréta. [North] Nom pl: l-áreta. n. [North] Bell clapper. arɛ́t ‘Clapper’.

nk-árawo [North]

See: ɛnk-

[North] Nom sg: nk-áráwo. [North] Acc pl: nk-

aráwôn. n. [North] Wooden watering trough, often made of lŋabóli wood.

ɛnk-arbúáli n. Blood clot. See: ɛnk-albúáli ‘Blood clot’. aré Nom pl: áre. num. Two (feminine). This is also the form used in simple counting, eg. one, two, three, four, etc. Ɛŕ á ɨnkɛjɛ́k ɔ́ ltʉŋáni aré. A person has two legs. Ɛŕ á inkíyiáá ɔ́ ltʉŋáni aré. The ears of a person are two. (Pk). Népúónú inkítuaak áre. Two women came. kʉnâ búkuí aré sidaîn naárɔɔ́k -arɛ1

-arɛ2

these two good black books (W). See: aáre ‘Two (masc sg)’; waáre [North] ‘Two (masc sg)’. Variant: -ore. voi appl. Suffix

complex containing Middle plus

Instrumental applicative. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí k ́tɨ aɛlarɛ́ ɛnkapianá. The little child is smearing herself with milk fat found in cooled fresh milk. (Pk). Ɛg ́ra ɛnkáyíóní adalarɛ́ intóto. The boy is playing with pebbles. (Pk). Nónokúa nkíshú náírukurukóre ntaré. There are the cows moving together with the goats. (SN). Káyā ɛnâ motí aló aɨtaás eyíárárɛ́. I am taking this cooking pot so that I can use it for cooking with. (Pk). Variant: -ore. PL: -aritín. nmlz. Nominalizer

for active verbs, creating a noun referring primarily to the action. With some verbs, -arɛ gives the idea of repeated instances of an action, in contrast to nominalizations in -ata which may refer to single instances of the action. Mayíólo ajó ká ́nyɔ̄ɔ ̄ náyawúá

ɛnâ síai ɛs ́ŋárɛ oltiól. Kájó kʉlɔ́ keék ɔɔ́danyɨta ɨntapʉ́ka. I don't know what brought about this act/business of sneezing. Maybe it is because of these trees that are

flowering. (W). See: -átá ‘Nominalizer’.

ɔl-árɛ́1

Nom sg: ɔl-árɛ. Acc pl: ɨl-áríák. Nom pl: ɨl-aríák. [North] Nom sg: l-árɛ,

l-arɛ́. [North] Acc pl: l-áríák. [North] Nom pl: l-aríák. n. 1 • Swamp; low land that is seasonally flooded. 2 • Oasis.

Ɛshɔmɔ́ dúóó ilmoŋí áaok ɔlárɛ́. The oxen have

gone to drink from the oasis. (Pk). 3 • [North] Well. Syn: ɔl-cɔ́rrɔ ‘Well’. See: ol-túrótó ‘Well’.

ɛnk-árɛ́2

Nom sg: ɛnk-árɛ. Acc pl: ɨnk-áríák. Nom pl: ɨnk-aríák. [North] Nom

pl: nk-áríâk. n. 1 • Water.

Ɨncɔɔ́kɨ ɛndâ kilási matoókie

ɛnkárɛ́. Give me that glass that I may drink water with it. (Pk). Ɛwá ɛnkají ɛnkárɛ. The house has been consumed by fire. (lit: Water carried the house away.). Míntóki abukoó inkáríák ti áji amʉ̂ kɛ́ ́táshal. Stop pouring out

(containers of) waters because it makes the house wet. (Pk). Usage: euphonistic [euphemistic?]. See Mpaayei, Inkuti Pukunot, p.49. 2 • River. The plural inkáríák refers to rivers, streams, dams, seas, etc. collectively, and means great quantities of water. 3 • [North] Lake. Etymology: *kárɛ́ 'water' Proto-Eastern Nilotic 1559 ‘water’; < *aR Proto-Nilotic 1559 ‘to flow’.

ɔl-árɛ́ Salt water. a-pór ɛnkárɛ́ To float on the water (lit: to creep over the water).

a-ár ɛnkárɛ́ To swim (lit: To beat the water). ɛnk-árɛ́ dápásh n.prop. The Mara River has its source in the Mau

Narok range, but acquires the name 'Mara River' at the point where the Amala River and the Nyangoris River come together near Emarti. It flows through the western parts of Kenya Maasailand into Tanzania, where it flows into Lake Victoria at Musoma. It is the largest river in Maasailand. This river is also called Enk ́pá ́.Maasai name for the Mara River, Narok District, Kenya (lit: wide water).

ɛnk-árɛ́ Kɨtɨ

n.prop. This

has been the site of some prehistoric finds.Name of the southernmost small river flowing flowing from the Inkurman Escarpment at Pagasi, Narok District, Kenya (lit: small water).

ɛnk-árɛ́ Mára

Nom sg: ɛnk-árɛ

Márâ. n.prop. This river should not be confused with the Mara River, which is a major river flowing into Lake Victoria.Name of a river which flows between Isiolo and Archer's Post, Kenya (lit: water which is patchy).

ɛnk-árɛ́ Naɨrɔ́bɨ

Ná ́rɔbɨ. n.prop. Nairobi, the capital of Kenya, derives its name from this river. The Maasai originally made a distinction between the name and the place, calling the place Nakúso Intélon. Various anglicised forms of Nairobi in the past have included Neirobi and Nyrobi.Nairobi River (lit: water whichis-cold). See: Nakúso Intélon ‘Original Maasai name for Nairobi City’.

ɛnk-árɛ́ Nárɔ́k

Nom sg: ɛnk-árɛ

[ɛ̀ŋkáɾɛ́ ! náɾɔ́k] Nom sg: ɛnk-árɛ́ Nárok. n.prop. 1 • Name

of a

river in Narok district (lit: water which-is-black). This river originates in the Mau Narok range and flows southwards through the town of Enkare Narok, usually abbreviated to simply Narok. From there it continues to flow south and joins the Euaso ŋiro. Together they form the Enkare ŋiro, the Brown River, which flows into Lake Natron. This lake has no outlet. town. Áló ɛnkárɛ́ Nárɔ́k tááisére tɛ́nɛ́kɛnyʉ. I will go to Narok tomorrow. (pK). See: e-wúáso ‘River’. 2 • Narok

ɛnk-árɛ́ Ŋirô

Nom sg: ɛnk-árɛ

Ŋíro. n.prop. The Maasai call it Enkiporôî, 'The Scar'. Beyond this place, the river joins with the Enkárɛ́ Nárɔ́k, cascades off the Inkurmân Escarpment through some spectacular waterfalls, and then continues its southward flow as Enkárɛ́ Ŋirô into Lake Natron.Name for the southern part of a river which originates in the Mau Narok range and flows in a southernly direction through the town of Ɔlɔlʉlʉ́ŋā. From there the river continues south and gives its name to a small trading-center (lit: brown water).

ɛnk-árɛ́ Ŋʉ́sʉ́r

Ŋʉsʉ́r. n.prop. Short river that flows from the Mau Hills (lit: short water).

ɛnk-árɛ́ pʉ̂s

Nom sg: ɛnk-árɛ

n. Milk

mixed with water. This is drunk after carrying a corpse. Along with bathing, it serves to ritually cleanse the one who carried the corpse.

n-aremí [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-áremí. [North] Acc pl: n-aremîn. n.

[North] Boil which is usually lanced.

See: a-rém ‘To

spear’.

ɛn-arɛ́t1 Nom sg: ɛn-árɛt. Acc pl: ɨn-arɛ́ta. Nom pl: ɨn-árɛta. n. Weapon. Ɨncɔɔ́kɨ ɨnarɛ́ta máapɛ́ aár olowuarú kérî ɔɨnɔsá intaré. Give the weapons so that we can go and kill the leopard which eaten the little sheep and goats. (Pk). ɨnarɛ́ta tɔrrɔ̂k lethal weapons. See: ɨ-rʉpárɛn ‘Weapons’. ɛnk-arɛ́t2 Nom sg: ɛnk-árɛt. Acc pl: ɨnk-arɛ́ta. Nom pl: ɨnk-árɛta. n. Metal object inside a bell that rotates to make noise; clapper. Merû oltualá lémétíī ɛnkárɛt. A bell without the clapper will not make noise.

See: l-arát

[North] ‘Clapper’.

ol-arétoni

[North] Nom sg: l-árétóní. [North] Acc pl: l-aretók. n. Helper,

ɛnk-arɛ́wa

Nom sg: ɛnk-árɛwa. Acc pl: ɨnk-arewaní. Nom pl: ɨnk-

assistant.

See: a-rét ‘To

help’.

árɛwaní. n. Wedding necklace. Eishopókokí entítō narikí ɛnkarɛ́wa. A wedding necklace has been put on the girl being married off.

ɔl-arɛ́wani

[North] Nom sg: l-árɛwanî. [North] Acc pl: l-arɛwák. [North] Nom

pl: l-árɛwák. n. 1 • One

who drives out cattle. 2 • Driver of a car, boat, airplane, etc. See: l-térépáí [North] ‘Driver (eg. of a car)’; a-rɛ́ʉ́ ‘To drive sth. away’.

árg ̂ [North]

̂n. [North] Nom pl: arg ́n. n. [North] Tree whose bark yields a perfume worn by women on their necklaces. justicia odora.

ɔl-ári

[North] Nom sg: arg .́ [North] Acc pl: árg

Nom sg: ɔl-árî. Acc pl: ɨl-arín. Nom pl: (NOM.PL)differs

from TM. n. 1 • Rainy season, monsoon; period of time during the year in which rains fall on a regular basis, usually from March to April, and even up through July. Ɛtabáúá ɔlárî peê méítōkīnī

áapuo áaok incoó tɔɔ́ lkɛjɛ́k, amʉ̂ enótokí ɛnkárɛ́ narúko. The rainy season has come so the cattle herds will

not be taken to wells, because flowing water has been found. 2 • First rain; single instance of rain; non-continuous rain. 3 • [North] The green of the rainy season. 4 • Year; one calendar year, from January through December. Ɛ́ ́dɨp ɨnkɛ́râ sukúul tɛ nkitiŋotó ɛ́lɛ ári. Children will finish school at the end of this (calendar) year. Ɛɨkɛnákɨ apá ɨltʉ́ŋánákárêî tɛldɛ́ árî. The populace was counted (ie. a census was taken) last year. ɨlarín tikítam twenty years. In Kenyan Maa, ɔl-ári refers to both what American-English speakers refer to as the "calendar year" (Jan-Dec), and to the "school year" (January-March, May-July, and September-November).

ɛnk-ári Short rainy season (typically November-December). Ɛnkári apá kínotitô tɔltúmúret nɛɨtʉ́ nɨnyɛ́ ɛɨtʉbʉ́lʉ ɨnkʉ́j ́t naábaɨk ́ intaré. We got a short rainyseason which was not enough to make grass grow that can satisfy sheep and goats. Ant: ɔl-adalʉ́ ‘Dry season’. See: ɛncán ‘Rain’; en-kókúáí ‘Pleiades; Long rainy season’; oltúmuret ‘Short rainy season’.

-ári

voi. Suffix

complex meaning Motion Away plus Middle. Nɛ́pɨrɨrɨŋári Ɔlárinkoi Olarinkoi rolled down. See: a5 ‘Motion Away’; - ɛ ‘Perfect(ive) Middle’; -ʉ́nyɛ ‘Motion Towards plus Middle’.

ɔl-aríkoni

Nom sg: ɔl-áríkóní. Acc pl: ɨl-arikók. Nom pl: ɨl-áríkók. [North]

Nom sg: l-áríoni. n. Leader,

whether political, administrative, traditional, or by influencing opinion. Kɛ́ányɨt oshî ɨltʉŋaná(k) ɔlaríkoni lɛnyɛ̂. People respect their leader. A traditional leader's responsibilities include leading meetings, arbitrating between individuals, making peace between warring communities, presiding over cultural ceremonies, and sometimes acting as a linkage between the government and people. See: arík ‘To lead’; ɔl-aɨtɔ́riani ‘Ruler’; ol-oibóni ‘Ritual expert’; ɔlaigúɛ́nani ‘Leader of age-set’.

l-árínkóí [North] árip

Nom sg: l-arinkóí. Acc pl: l-arínkon. Nom pl: l-

árinkón. n.pl. [North] Group of Samburu young men who like fighting and causing mayhem. See: ol-kíríkóí ‘Vagabond’. Nom sg: árîp. Acc pl: arípī. Nom pl: arípí. [North] Nom sg: áríp. [North] Acc

pl: arípî. [North] Nom pl: áripí. adj. Showing

much love and care towards s.o.; doting. ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ árip a cow that shows much love for its young one.

nk-árip [North]

Doting, concerned cow or parent for offspring not necessarily her own; mother hen.

ɔl-ar ́pani

Tailor.

n. [North]

Nom sg: ɔl-ár

́pání. Acc pl: ɨl-arɨpák. Nom pl: ɨl-ár ́pák. n.

l-aripó [North] n. [North] Skink. See: sʉ́yɛɛ ‘Skink’. ɔl-ar ́shani Nom sg: ɔl-ár ́shání. Acc pl: ɨl-arɨshák. Nom pl: ɨl-ár ́shák. n. 1 • Judge.

2 • Arbitrator,

reconciler. See: a-r ́sh ‘To settle a dispute’; ɔlaigúɛ́nani; ɔl-áíkúmúnoni ‘Judge’.

l-aríshoni [North]

Nom sg: l-áríshóní. Acc pl: l-arishók

??. Nom pl: l-

áríshók ??. n. [North] One who kills things, especially wild animals. See: ɔl-árani ‘Murderer’.

ɛnk-áríyíánó n. Plan. ɛnkáríyíánó inó your plan. -árīē dir voi. Suffix complex containing Motion Away plus ́ kárīē. I will bury him with it. Instrumental Applicative. Ɨnʉ́ ́ nʉ́karíé. I buried him with it. See: -únye ‘Motion Toward Ɨtʉ́ plus Instrumental Applicative’.

ɛnk-árná

[ɛ̀ŋkárná] Nom sg: ɛnk-arná. Acc pl: ɨnk-árn. [North] Nom pl: nk-árn.

Kéduŋóki aké ɨnkárn ánaa iwuejitín nɛɛ́manyá. They are given names according to the places n. Name.

they live. (KS). Children are not named after people who died young, though it is fine to name them after s.o. who died in old age. This is especially so if the deceased was wealthy, but not if the deceased was o-sóít.

ɛnk-árná ɛ́ ncɔrío Maiden name (or middle name) (lit: name of front-leg).

ɛnk-árná é misígiyíoi First name given to a person by parents (lit: name of Misigiyioi plant).

ɛnk-árná oó nkitúaak Name given to a woman after

marriage. This is a term of address to the woman by other people including her husband and other men of his age-set. (lit: name for women).

ɛnk-árná ɔɔ́ lmʉ́rran Name given to a warrior by other

warriors. It can be a praise or ridicule name and should strictly be used by warriors. (lit: name of warriors).

árnáce [North]

[North] Nom sg: árnáce. n. [North]

-áro

action. Kɛ́ ́dɨmáro. They can face each other.

Mother's sister's son; cousin. This term is less intimate than leanáce. See: laláce [North] ‘Brother; father's brother's son’; leanáce [North] ‘Mother's sister's son’. voi. Reciprocal

See: -a ‘Middle’.

ɔl-áróí

Nom sg: ɔl-aróí. Acc pl: ɨl-árôn. Nom pl: ɨl-arón. n. 1 • Stomach.

Usage: contemptous. See: ɛnk-ɔ́shɔ̄kɛ ‘stomach’. 2 • Mean,

unfriendly person. 3 • Stingy person.

ɛnk-aroní

[North] Nom sg: nk-ároní. [North] Acc pl: nk-áron. [North] Nom

pl: nk-árôn. n. n. [North]

Thirst (of people and especially

domestic animals). 2 • n. [North] The thirsty state of a cow on days when it isn't watered. 3 • n. Abstention from water (by cattle). See: a-rón ‘To go without water’.

a-aronú [North]

See: áróí ‘Stingy’.

ɔl-arónyoni

v.incep. [North]

To become stingy.

who shaves as their primary job; barber. abárnoni ‘Barber, shaver’.

a-aroyú

n. One

See: ɔl-

Variant: a-raroyú. [West]: a-arayú. v.mid. 1 • To

be takable by force. Ɛároyú. / Ɛarároyú. It is takable by force. It could be sth. so valuable that people would want to take it by force. Ɛyároyú ɛnâ tókî amʉ̂ ɨmɛɨshɔrʉ́n ̄ tɛ sidáí. This thing can be taken by force because it cannot be given out nicely. (Pk). Ɛrároyú kʉná kíshu amʉ̂ éísidaîn olêŋ. This cows are worth taking by force because they look so good. be beatable, cane-able. Ɛárāyū ɛná kɛráí. This child is caneable. (This may imply that the child has been misbehaving.) (W). Ɛárāyū ɛná âŋ. This home is takeable/robbable by force. (This primarily implies that the home has sth. valuable, but also that it is poorly defended.) (W). See: a-ár ‘To fight, kill, beat’. 2 • To

ártam

num. Forty. Borrowed word: Proto-Kalenjin/Proto-Southern-Nilotic

Etymology:

ɔl-ártat

*^rt^m, rom Proto-Baz *afartam ‘forty’.

rt m.

Nom sg: ɔl-ártât. Acc pl: ɨl-ártatí. Nom pl: ɨl-ártatí. n. 1 • Walking

stick.

stick used in special ceremonies. Nɛ́dʉ̄mʉ̄ ɨlártatí ɔ́ ɨlkɨlánī ɔ áre They pick up two (ceremonial) sticks and skin robes [to go to betroth a girl]. See: sóbúá ‘Walking stick’; ɔl-cártʉ́lá ‘Walking stick’. 2 • Ceremonial

artɔɔ́l [North] a-arʉ́

[North] Nom sg: ártɔɔ́l. [North] Acc pl: artoolí. [North] Nom

pl: ártoolí. n. [North]

Large species of hyena.

In some suffixed forms: a-arʉ́n. v. To

cause sth. to keep to this side, crowd to this side. Áarʉ́ ɛnâ áló. He will make me keep to this side. Áarʉn ́ ɛnâ áló. I will be made to keep to this side. Though the verb often co-occurs with ɛná áló 'this side', the verb itself conveys 'this side'. Thus, it cannot co-occur with idia áló 'that side'. See: a-arʉnyɛ́ ‘To keep/force one's self in this direction’.

ɔl-arʉ́kâî n. Snail. See: ɔ-sɨkɨrâî ‘Snail’. n-árúmpê [North] Variant: n-áírúmpê. [North] Nom sg: n-árumpe. [North] Acc pl: n-arumpên. [North] Nom pl: n-árumpên. n. [North] See: kúlincú; kúlúncú

ɛ-árúnotó1

[North] ‘Fog’; ɛn-kɨnʉkʉ́ ‘Fog’.

Fog.

Variant: ɛ-yárúnotó. Nom sg: ɛ-arúnotó. Acc pl: ɨ-arunót. Nom

pl: ɨ-árunot. [North] Acc sg: arúnotó. n.f. Loot,

spoil, booty, treasure.

Ɨmɛmayíána á ́kátá ɛarúnotó náoruní kʉl ́ká ́ tʉ́ŋáná. Loot taken away from other people is never blessed. See: a-ár ‘Fight,

ɛ-árúnotó2

beat’.

Nom sg: ɛ-arúnotó. Acc pl: ɨ-arunót. Nom pl: ɨ-árunot. n.

Beating/pushing towards the point of reference. Tápala doí ɛnâ áárúnotó inó náâ ɛnâ áló aké ílótú. Stop your pushing towards me that you keep on coming this way. (Pk). This sentnce implies that the speaker is really annoyed. See: aár ‘Fight, beat’.

a-arunyé v.dir. To force sth. this way. Ɛshɔmɔ́ ɨlmʉ́rrán áarunye ilKokóyo inkíshú. The warriors have gone to take the cows by force from the Kikuyu. (W).

a-arʉnyɛ́

arʉ̂s

v.dir v.mid. 1 • To

move with force towards the point of reference, against an apparent obstacle. In W, this verb cannot be used for remaining in a position towards a side, even if that requires force. Rather, movement is necessary. Ɛtaarʉ́nyɛ. He kept to this side. Ɛt́ áárʉ́nyɛ. It forced itself to come this way. ́ intóki dúóó áarʉnyɛ ɛnâ áló. (You pl.) Stop (W). Ɛm keeping to this side! (Pk). Ág ́ra aarʉnyɛ́. I am keeping to this side. Áshɔ́mɔ am ́r incereretí tɛ mparét nɛ́ ́rrág aké áarʉnyɛ. I went to chase the monkeys from the farm and they just kept forcing themselves (back) this way. (W). 2 • To protrude, distend; especially a sick part of the body (such as the stomach, an abnormal head, etc.). Ɛtaarʉ́nyɛ ɛnkɛ́ráí namúéí ɛnkɔ́shɔ́kɛ. The sick child has her stomach protruding. (Pk). Emuoíta Pápaá ́. Ɛg ́ra áarʉnyɛ intíkân toó lgóso. My father is sick. The lymph nodes are protruding from his neck. (W). See: a-rʉ́ ‘To crowd to the side’; apoŋú ‘To swell (of the stomach)’; a-jeyú ‘To swell’. Ant: a-ararí ‘To keep to that side’. Nom sg: árʉs. Acc pl: arúsi. Nom pl: árusí. [North] Acc sg: arʉ́s. [North] Nom

sg: árʉs. [North] Acc pl: arúsî. [North] Nom pl: árusí. adj. 1 • Spotted

black and white on the sides to underside; spots typically spread from the dewlap to the teats (of cattle). Restrict: cattle. Náa

ɛ́ntɛrɛwakákɨ ɔlɔɨŋɔ́nɨ láí arʉ̂s.

And please bring me my bull that is spotted black and white underneath. (Pk). 2 • Spotted on the neck. 3 • Black mixed with white (eg. the hair of

an elderly ethnic black person, before it has turned completely white). 4 • Spotted, referring to the skin of a person. Usage: derog. Óre

olconí lɛ Lɛriónka nɛ́taá apá arʉ̂s tɛnkárak ́ ɨlɛpɛ́dɔ.

Lerionka's skin is spotted because of scabies. If an animal is arʉ̂s over its whole body, it may be called pʉ̂s. See: pʉ̂s ‘Blue’.

ɛnk-arʉ̂s

n. Spotted

go. (Pk).

one. Kéló ɛnkárʉs. The spotted one will

ɨl-Arusa n.pl. Name of a Maasai section. a-arusú [North] v.incep. [North] To become spotted. See: arʉ̂s ‘Spotted’.

ɔl-árrabal

Nom sg: ɔl-árrábal. Acc pl: ɨl-arrabalí. Nom pl: ɨl-árrabalí.

conflict. Mányaak ́ áayagie ɛlɛ̂ árrabal amʉ̂ ɛ́táá sápʉk. Let us leave this quarrelling and be calm, because it is too much. (Pk). For KS, ɔl-árrabal indicates a less-serious conflict than en-joré 'war, cattle raid.' Mol (1996:33) indicates it has a range of meaning from a 'big fight' to a 'war'. 2 • Battle. [South] Acc sg: ɔl-árrábâl. n. 1 • Quarrel,

fighting. Mátorik ́lɔ̂ mʉ́rráni ɔlárrabal amʉ̂ pádán. [ɪ ̀lɔ̀ ... àmʊ̂ pàdàn] Let's take that warrior to war because he is a sharp-shooter. (W). Eibóno ɨlárrabalí. The wars have been divined. (W). See: ɛn-ára ‘War’; en-jóré ‘War’. 3 • War,

l-arrakʉ́lɛ [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-árrakʉ́lɛ. n. [North]

One of a

number of non-poisonous snake species found in water. Wagner (n.d. p. 186) notes that a yellow variety is probably Keller's bark snake. Hemirhagerrhis kelleri. See: lacam k ́rɔrrɛt [North] ‘Snake sp.’.

n-arrarrayîôk [North] Chameleon.

Nom sg: n-árrarrayîôk. n. [North]

See: tánki ‘Chameleon’.

n-arrarrayîô(k) [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-árrarrayîô(k). [North] Acc

pl: n-arrarrayioní. n. [North] See: tánki ‘Chameleon’.

arrárri [North]

Chameleon (generic term).

[North] Nom sg: árrarri. [North] Acc pl: arrárrîn. [North] Nom

́ arrárri. You are Old (of people). Ɨrā old. Kɛ́arrárri ɛlɛ́ páyian. This man is old. See: ank-árrárró [North] ‘Oldness’; naárrɨ ‘Long ago’. Syn: mʉsána, móruo. pl: árrarrîn. adj. [North]

nk-árrárró [North]

[North] Nom sg: nk-arrarró. n. [North]

Oldness (esp. of animate entities); old age. aná árrárró this oldness. See: arrárri [North] ‘Old’.

a-arrarrú [North]

v.incep. [North]

arrɛ́ lápa [North]

n.phrase. [North]

To become old (of people, animals, or things). Kɛ́taárrarra alɛ́ píróí. This firestick is old. (SN). Kɛ́taarrárrɨtâ kʉlɔ́ pirón. These firesticks are old. (SN). Meisúpat lpiróí ɔ́taárrarra olêŋ. The firestick which is very old is not good. (SN). Kápéjóo lpíróí ɔtaárrarra táatá. I will burn the firestick which is old now. (SN). Note: W (kk) does not commonly use this word. See: arrárri [North] ‘Old’. visible.

ɨnk-árrɛr

Nom pl: ɨnk-árrɛ̂r. n.pl. Milk

diluted milk.

See: kʉlɛ́ ‘Milk’.

nk-árrɛrr [North]

The first day the new moon is

to which water has been added;

[North] Nom sg: nk-árrɛ̂rr. [North] Acc pl: nk-árrɛrr .́ n.

[North] Milk and water mixed for drinking.

ɛnk-arrí Nom sg: ɛnk-árrī. n. Greed, greedyness (typically for food). Ɛáta ɛnkarrí. She is greedy.

nk-árri [North]

[North] Nom sg: nk-árrî. [North] Acc pl: nk-árrîn. [North]

Nom pl: nk-árrin. n. [North]

car.

l-árríá [North]

See: ɛn-gárri ‘Car’. Etymology: English

[North] Nom sg: l-arríá. [North] Acc pl: l-árríân. n. [North]

Red-billed oxpecker.

ɔl-árríákí

Car.

Buphagus erythorhynchus.

Nom sg: ɔl-arriakí. Acc pl: ɨl-árríák. Nom pl: ɨl-arríák. [North] Acc

sg: l-árríá. n. Oxpecker.

ɛnk-árríánó Nom sg: ɛnk-arrianó. n.sg. Smartness, expertise. ɛná árríaánó this expertise (W). See: árriyíá ‘Skilled’. nk-arripô [North] [North] Nom sg: nk-árripô. [North] Acc pl: nkarriponí. n. [North] Lizard (generic).

ɔl-arríponi

Nom sg: ɔl-árrípóní. Acc pl: ɨl-arripók. Nom pl: ɨl-árrípók.

watchman, custodian. Etíí ɔlárrípóní kishómi adɔlʉ́ ɨltʉ́ŋánák ɔɔ́yɨmʉ. The guard is at the gate watching people coming through it. (Pk). ɨlarripók When guarding animals, ɔl-arríponi may sleep in the kraal. See: a-rríp ‘To guard’; ɔl-aɨŋʉ́rani ‘Watcher’; adúáani ‘Observant’. 2 • [North] A Samburu name for God. 3 • [North] An uninvited guest waiting to eat food that he/she is not welcomed to. 4 • [North] Glutton. [North] Nom pl: l-arripók. n. 1 • Guard,

l-arríteni [North]

Nom sg: l-árríténí. Acc pl: l-arrɨták. Nom pl: l-

arrɨták. n. [North] Old grown up boy who has not yet been circumcised.

árriyíá

Nom sg: árriyíá. Acc pl: árriyíâk. Nom pl: árriyíâk. [North] Acc

sg: arriyíá. [North] Nom sg: árriyí. [North] Acc pl: arriyân. adj. 1 • Skilled,

skillful, whether by training or naturally; precise, very good at doing sth. Árá árriyíá. I am skilled. (Pk). Káárriyíá n ́nyɛ ɛlɛ́ tʉ́ŋání mɛɛ́tā entóki néméyíólo aɨtɔ́bɨra. This person is skillful as he knows how to make everything. Káke

árriyíá siî íyīē ɛlɛ́ mʉrraní tɔ sinkólio. But this warrior is skillful in singing. (Pk). 2 • Deft at.

ɛnk-árriyíá n. The best solution; the right thing. ɛ́má ́ŋɔrʉ́ ɛnkárriyíá nárɛ́ʉ iyíóók dʉkʉ́ya. Let's look for the best solution that will make us move forward (out of the stalemate). 2 • Female who is skilled. Ant: álani ‘Clumsy, not skillful’.

l-arriyíá [North] [North] A skillful person (eg. in singing,

árrɔ

speaking). 3 • See: a-yioló ‘To know’; ŋɛ̂n ‘Clever, smart’; abárani ‘Careful’; sídáí ‘Good’.

Nom sg: árrɔ̂. Acc pl: árroi. [árroi with two final moras] Nom pl: árróî. [Purko]

Nom pl: árrói. [North] Acc sg: árro. [North] Nom sg: árrô. [North] Acc pl: árroí. [North] Nom pl: árroî. adj. 1 • With

downward pointing horns. Ɛtoíshíé dúóó ɛnk ́tɛŋ árrɔ̂. The cow with downward pointing horns has given birth. (Pk). Syn: púrúk ‘With downward pointing horns’. 2 • [South] Dangerous, fierce. 3 • [North] Dishonest, not straight-forward. 4 • [North] Being in between two decisions in order to please s.o.

ɔl-árrɔ n. 1 • Buffalo. ɔlárrɔ kúkúó a charcoal-black buffalo. Átódúaa ɔlárrɔ ɔdáa tɛ ntîm. I have seen a buffalo grazing in the bush. Syn: ol-ósokuan, olósowuan, l-máaca [North] ‘Buffalo’. 2 • [South] Large bull, nearly the size of a buffalo. 3 • [South] Gigantic

person. 4 • Nickname for a recently-circumcised boy.

ɛnk-árrónisho [North] n. [North]

Conflict, commotion, chaos, friction between human beings. See: ɛnkarruoísho ‘Conflict, commotion’.

n-árrɔ́ɔn ́ cɔ̂ [North] Pelican, stork.

l-arrʉ́gâ ̂ [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-árrāāncōnī. n. [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-árrʉgâ .̂ [North] Acc pl: l-arrʉ́gá.

[North] Nom pl: l-árrʉgá. n. [North]

arrʉ́kâî ‘Snail, maggot’.

ɔl-arrʉ́kâî

Grub (insect).

See: ɔl-

Nom sg: ɔl-árrʉkâî. Acc pl: ɨl-arrʉ́ka. Nom pl: ɨl-árrʉká. [North]

Acc sg: l-arrʉ́gâî. n. 1 • Snail. 2 • Maggot

that lives in dry dung, found especially on houses smeared with dung. See: ɔ-sɨkɨrâî ‘Snail’.

n-arrúlɛ [North]

Strong neck muscle of a bull. kúríáí ‘Strong neck muscle of a bull’.

árruni [North]

n. [North]

[North] Acc pl: árruok. Usage: rare

[North] Bad, evil.

ɛnk-árrúóísho

See: tɔrrʉ́nɔ

[North] ‘Bad’.

See: ol-

or archaic. adj.

Nom sg: ɛnk-arrúóísho. n.sg. Conflict,

commotion,

chaos, friction between human beings. Asɨnyʉnyɛ́ naá doí esíááí nátií ɛnkarruoísho atúā. Can work grow blessedly which has conflict (chaos) in it? (Pk). See: nk-árrónisho [North] ‘Conflict, commotion’; súújisho ‘Badness’.

árruoni

Acc pl: árruoyo. adj. 1 • Wicked,

belligerent, liking violence; thinking and then doing bad things; plotting, scheming. ɨlŋoj ́niaa árrʉoyo wicked hyenas (W). Káke árruoni

oshî ɛlɛ̂ tʉ́ŋání ɔ́lɔɔ́larâs. But this person of Loolaras is belligerent/wicked. (Pk). Ɛŕ á árruoni. He is wicked. (W). Ɛtáá ɛnkáyíóní árruoni. The boy became wicked. (W). 2 • Dangerous. Árruoni olkínyāŋ olêŋ. The crocodile is dangerous. (W). See: árrɔ ‘Fierce’.

ɔl-árruoni n. Wicked one. ɛnk-árrúónīshō n. Evil, gossip, slander, wrongdoing. ɛndá árrúónīshō this evil (W). See: árruoni ‘Evil’. a-ás v.prog. To do. Ɛás ́ta Kónené ɨmbáa na ́shar ́ ɔpá. Konene is doing things that were over a long time ago (eg. revision of an exam). (W). Káa taá kiâs? What shall we do? Káyíéú náás ɛnâ síai pɔɔk ́ aɨd ́p táatá aké. I want to do the whole of this work and finish it today. (Pk). Éísídáí taá doí

ɛntáaní amʉ̂ áítúmóki ataása intokitín kúmok tɛ nkatá nábo. Nearness is good because you can do so many things at the same time. (Pk). Nɛ́kɛnyʉ́ k ́âs ɛntɛ́mátá. [nɛ́kɛ̀nyʊ́ kɪ ̀às ɛ̀ntɪ ́mátá] The next morning we did (took) the exam. (W). mɛása to undo (W).

a-asɨshɔ́ a-asicó [North] To work, do. Ɛás ̄shɔ̄. He will work. Ɛg ́ra oshî táatá Lɛ́rionka aasɨshɔ́ tɛ ndá áŋ. Lerionka nowadays is working in that home. (Pk). Etíí K ́ ́tamɛ́t ɛnkâŋ ɔ́lɛ Mɔs ́ány aasɨshɔ́. Koitamet is in Ole Mosiany's home working. (Pk).

a-asishioré To work at, work with, work together with. Káyíéú náítóki aasishoré Mɛɨpɔny ́. I want to work with Meiponyi. (Pk).

a-asicieré [North]

v.inst. [North]

áa-asakino

work together, work for each other. Ɛg ́ra

or conceptually.

v.mid.pl. To

To use, work with, concretely

Kérínâ ɔ́ Kʉ́kát áaasakino esíaai. Kerina and Kukat are working for each other (or together). (Pk).

a-asayú

happen. Ká ́nyɔ́ɔ ́ doí nágɨrá aasayú tené? What is happening here? (Pk). Ɛt́ áá doí kɛnyá kɛ́s ́páyu ajó kɛ́ɛś áyu esíáai ɛ́ kʉ́lɔ́ tʉ́ŋáná. The work of these people is almost effectively taking place. (Pk). 2 • To be doable. 1 • To

a-ás esíáai To work (lit: to do work). a-ás siáái [North] To work. See: ɛ-ásátá ‘Working’; in-

kiaasîn ‘Deeds, works’; e-síáai ‘Work’; a-ikó; a-ɨtɔb ́r ‘To do’.

a-asá [North] v.mid. [North] To be done. a-asicó [North] v.apass. To work. Kɛ́ásíciere. He works with it/uses it. (conceptually or concretely).

a-asíé [North] v.apl. [North] To do sth. in a given manner. a-asaayá [North]: a-saayá. v. 1 • To visit a sick, weak, or suffering person. Áló tááisére asaayá olákuiyia amʉ̂ emúóíta. I

will go to find out how my grandfather is because he is sick. (W). Ɛásááya olákuyia. He is finding out how the old man is. (W). Ɛshɔmɔ́ pápaaí aasaayá ɛndâ áŋ naituráyie enkiyîô. My father has gone to visit that family that has lost a child. (W). look for. Ɛshɔmɔ́ Lérionko aasaayá inkíshú to ldóínyó. Lerionko has gone to look for cows in the mountain. (W). See: a-rʉ́m ‘To visit a sick person’; a-ɨŋɔ́r(r) ‘To look at’. 2 • To

ɔl-asâî

[North] Nom sg: l-ásai. [North] Acc pl: l-asá. [North] Nom pl: l-ása. n.

1 • Termite. 2 • Ant.

3 • Worm. See: l-aá

ɔl-ásákútoni

lasá [North] ‘Termite mound’.

Nom sg: ɔl-ásákútóní. n. Sorcerer;

minor witch. sakút ‘To bewitch’; l-airúponi [North] ‘Sorcerer’.

See: a-

l-asápani [North]

[North] Acc pl: l-asapák. [North] Nom pl: l-ásapák. n.

[North] Deceiver, liar.

ɔl-ásarr

See: a-sáp

[North] ‘To lie’.

Nom sg: ɔl-ásârr. Acc pl: ɨl-ásarri. Variant: ɨl-ásari. Nom pl: ɨl-ásárri.

[North] Nom sg: l-ásârr. [North] Acc pl: l-ásarrí. n. 1 • Sacrifice;

offering to a deity. Eitáíkīā apá Abraham ɛnkáí ɔlásar. Abraham made a sacrifice for God. For a study of sacrifices in Maasai society, see Priest (19**). 2 • Sacrificial fire or flame. 3 • [North] Altar.

a-itayú ɔl-ásar To give up sth. of great value, eg. devoting oneself to doing sth. extraordinary. aitayú ɔlásar arét ɨlaɨsɨnák To devote oneself to helping the poor. ɛ-ásátá Variant: ɨ-yasát. Nom sg: ɛ-asatá. Acc pl: ɨ-asát. Nom pl: ɨ-ásat??.

[North] Acc sg: ásátá. [North] Nom sg: asatá. [North] Acc pl: asát. [North] Nom pl: asát. n. 1 • Deed.

process of doing sth. Óre ɛsɛ́mpɛ́rarɛ ɛ́ lɛ́ shámpa náa eyíéú ɛásátá sápʉk olêŋ. [ɛ́lɛ shámpa] The weeding of this farm will require a lot of action. (W). See: aás ‘To do’; en-kiás ‘Work, deed’. 2 • Action;

ɔl-asáyiani

[North] Acc pl: l-asayíák. n. 1 • Beseecher.

2 • [North]

Beggar who threatens a curse or sorcery to extort gifts. See: a-sáí ‘To pray earnestly’.

asê [North] interj. [North] Gesundheit! Bless you! ási conj. Also, then, so. Ási nɛ́bau entíto. The girl also arrives. See: bási ‘Then’.

nk-ásɨg [North]

n. [North]

Common house gecko. mabouia. See: n-k ́s ̂g [North] ‘Gecko’.

Hemidactylus

ɛnk-ásíléí Nom sg: ɛnk-asiléí. n. 1 • Tsetse fly. Ɛ́ ́nɔ́sá ɛnkasiléí inkíshú ometómitikí ɛdaá. The tsetse fly have stung cows

until they cannot graze anymore (ie. they are so distracted they cannot graze in peace). (Pk). See: ol-kímpáí ‘Tsetse fly’; ɔl-

ɔjɔŋáni ‘Fly’. 2 • Trypanosomiasis, sleeping-sickness. See: entórrobo ‘Trypanosomiasis’.

nk-ás ́lɛ̂ ̂ [North] [North] Nom sg: nk-asɨlɛ́ .́ n. [North] Gnat. l-ás ̂m [North] [North] Nom sg: l-ás ̂m. n. [North] A taboo imposed for a period of time by a ritual expert.

nk-ás ́má ́ [North]

n. [North]

cradle-cap.

Minor infections in infants: thrush,

l-asɨnká [North] n. [North] Village. See: l-oróra [North] ‘Village’. l-as ́pa [North] See: l-ɔs ́pa [North] ‘Fellow’. as ́pani Acc pl: asɨpák. Nom pl: asɨpák. adj. 1 • Trustworthy. 2 • Truthful. Káas ́pani ɨlɔ lɛ́ɛ mmɛɛ́ta imónko. That man is truthful; he does not lie. (lit: That man is truthful; he has/there are no lies.). ɔtʉŋáni as ́pani person who is truthful. Kɛ́ ́s ́pa ɨnâ báɛ; káke mmɛ̂ as ́pani ɛmbáɛ. That fact is true; but we cannot say a fact is truthful. (Pk).

ɔl-as ́pani

n. A

person who is truthful, who says things right. See: a-s ́p ‘To say correctly or truthfully’; a-dedé ‘To be true’.

nk-as ́rrɨmî [North]

[North] Nom sg: nk-ásɨrrɨmî. [North] Acc pl: nk-

as ́rrɨm. [North] Nom pl: nk-ásɨrrɨm. n. 1 • [North] Sugar cane. 2 • [North] Maize stalk.

nk-asotóki [North]

[North] Nom sg: nk-ásotóki. [North] Acc pl: nk-

nk-asʉ́ɨsʉɨ [North]

[North] Nom sg: nk-ásʉɨsʉ́ .̄ n. [North]

asotók. [North] Nom pl: nk-ásotók. n. [North] Tree bark. abobóki ‘Piece of tree bark’. stingless bee species.

n-ásʉ́mɛ́ [North] See: márrarr

ɔl-ásʉ́ráí

[North] Nom sg: n-asʉmɛ́. n. [North]

[North] ‘Patrol’.

See: enk-

Small

Patrol.

Nom sg: ɔl-asʉráí. Acc pl: ɨl-asúrīāā. Nom pl: ɨl-ásuriaá. [West] Acc

pl: ɨl-asúriaá. [North] Acc pl: l-asúria. [North] Nom pl: l-ásuríá. n. Snake

(generic). ɨlasúriaá ɔááre two snakes (W).

n-asúrki [North] [North] Nom sg: n-ásurki. n. [North] Waterfall. ɛnk-ásʉ́ʉ́dáí Nom sg: ɛnk-asʉʉdáí. Acc pl: ɨnk-asʉʉdaní. Nom pl: ɨnkásʉʉdaní. n. 1 • Bottle top. Kɛ́ŋasí áaitayu ɛnkásʉ́ʉ́dáí to ltúpā ɛ́ ́tʉ̂ ebukuní soda. The bottle-top has to be removed from the bottle first before soda is poured out. 2 • Disrespectful person. See: n-kirikíri [North] ‘Bottle top’; empílílí ‘Bottle top’.

a-ásh v. To make things overlap. See: a-ɛ́sh ‘To make things overlap’. l-asháʉ́ [North] n. [North] North Maa plural variant of l-áshê ashê

'calf'.

See: ɔl-áshê ‘Calf’.

you! Ashê olêŋ tɛ nkárak ́ ɔlapá áshê líkítúshúkókō. Thank you very much for the (straying) calf that you have returned to me. (Pk). Ashê olêŋ k ́tɛ́rɛ́wáká ɛlɛ̂ áshê otoshoróyioki. Thank you for bringing me this calf that went with other people's cows. (Pk). [North]: acê. interj. Thank

ɛn-ashê

Nom sg: ɛn-ashê. Acc pl: ɨn-ásheí. Nom pl: ɨn-áshéí. [Purko] Nom

Ɛnashê sápʉk kíshukú tɛ nkárak ́ ɛrámátata nɨncɔɔ̂ iyíóók kʉnâ ɔ́lɔŋɨ pɔɔk ́. pl: ɨn-asheí. n. Gratitude.

We are giving our great gratitude to you for having taken care of us all these days. (Pk).

ɔl-áshê

Nom sg: ɔl-ashé. Acc pl: ɨl-ashɔ́. Nom pl: ɨl-áshɔ. [Purko] Acc pl: ɨl-

áshɔ́. [South] Acc sg: al-áhē. [North] Acc sg: ɔl-ácê. [North] Nom pl: l-áshaʉ. n. 1 • Calf; male calf. Át ́p ́kā ɔláshê keshúróí ɔlálɛ́. I have put the calf with a white face into the calf pen. (Pk). A male calf that has just been weaned is considered equivalent in value to a castrated he-goat. Cf. a-lák 'to compensate'. 2 • Young boy. Usage: affectionate, v. ́ ́tá taá informal. Ɨrr

táatá intaré

mɛtáraposhotó ɔláshê láí. You

herded the sheep and goats today, until they were satisfied, my calf. (Pk). Usage: (eg., a congratulation to a boy from his father).

Ɛg ́rá ́ áacuk ɨláshɔ́ ɔlálɛ́. The calves are

being returned to their fold. (Pk). Kɛ́ ́pirar ́ta láshaʉ. The calves are jumping around. (SN). See: l-ácê [North] ‘Bull calf, young boy’.

ɛnk-áshê

Variant: ɛnk-óshê. Acc pl: ɨnk-ashɔ́. A

heifer is considered equal in value to an ox.Female calf, heifer; belittled calf.

Ɛ́ ́shɔ́ɔ ́ apá ɔltʉ́ŋání ɔ́ya entítō ɔlapʉtáni ɛnkáshê peê erík entítō ɛnyɛ́. The bridegroom gave his in-law a heifer before marrying his daughter.

ɔl-ashɛ́pani

n. 1 • One

See: ɛn-táwúó ‘Heifer’.

who traverses; pursuer, follower. 2 • Large ravine or gully. See: l-acɛpáni [North] ‘S.o. or sth. that goes along side’.

ɛnk-ashɛ́pani Small ravine or gulley. ɔl-áshɛ́rɨ Acc pl: ɨl-ashɛ́r. n. Tick. ɛ-ashɛ́t Nom sg: ɛ-áshɛt. Acc pl: ɨ-yashɛ́ta. Nom pl: ɨ-áshɛta. n. Piece of

wood or stick woven into a lattice to make sth. firm, such as a ́ wall, door, bench. Eitáyīō enkítok óríkíe tɔɔ́ ɨáshɛta. The woman has made marks (in the dirt) with the lattice sticks. See: o-lóómí ‘Rafter’.

ɨl-ashɔ́ a-ashʉ́

n.pl. Calves. See: ɔl-áshê ‘Calf’.

In some suffixed forms: a-ashʉ́t. v.prog. To

pluck sth. from above using an instrument other than one's hand; hook. Ɛlákúá lɨdɔ́

ŋánayíói káke káló aashʉ́ tɛ ná shɛ́ta. That fruit is far away but I'm going to pluck it with this stick. (W). Átááshúá ŋolé olŋanayíói. Yesterday I plucked a fruit (eg. with a stick). (W). Áshʉ́t ́ta ɛnkají. I am plucking sth. (eg., grass)

from (the roof of) a house. (W). This implies that sth. is plucked over and over so as to leave the place devoid of it, eg. removing all the grass from a roof by plucking it. Átááshúá tɛ nkáji ŋolé. I plucked it (one item that was on top of the roof) from the house yesterday. (W).

ɔl-áshʉ́mpáí

Nom sg: ɔl-ashʉmpáí. Acc pl: ɨl-ashʉmpá. Nom pl: ɨl-

áshʉmpá. n. 1 • European or Asian. Á ́shɔ́ɔ náají

ɔlashʉmpáí ɛntarubíni ɛnyɛ̂ maɨŋórie ɨltɔmíá oókito ɛnkárɛ́. The European gave me his binoculars to observe ́ elephants drinking water. (Pk). Ɨncɔɔ̄ taá peê ɛlɨmʉ́ tɛ nkʉtʉ́k ɔ́ɔ ̄ lashʉmpá n ́ncɔ́rʉ iwalát tɛ nkʉtʉ́k ɔ́ɔ ̄ lMáásâ ̂. If he speaks in English, give the translations in Maa. (lit: If he speaks in the mouth of the Whites, give the translations in the mouth of the Maasai.) (Pk). 2 • Person who has adopted dress mode, behaviors, skills traditionally associated with white-coloured people; term used for educated people, including Maasais, to distinguish them from traditional Maasais. Usage: ɨlashʉmpá focuses on behavioral characteristics, while ɨlɔ́ ́bɔrr focuses on skin color..

ɨl-ashʉmpá oónyokie People whose skin is not as white as

that of Europeans, but lighter than that of Blacks, eg. Asians, Indians, Brazilians, Saudi Arabians. See: ɔl-áísúnkúí [South] ‘European or Asian’.

-át [North] -át

nmlz. [North]

Nominalizer creating a noun referring to the instrument with which an action is done. larát clapper (inside a bell). See: -ɛ́t ‘Instrumental nominalizer’.

-ot. nmlz. Plural nominalizer for active verbs. induŋót aré two sections (eg. of land) (lit: two cuttings). See: -ata ‘Action

Nom pl: -at,

a-atá

nominalizer’.

own, possess, have (physical object). Ɛáta entitó ɛnkají. The girl owns a house. Ɛáta ɛldɛ́ páyian ɨntaré îp. That man has got a hundred sheep. Ɛáta Ole-Rónkēī intóyie naáadɔ. Ole-Ronkei has tall girls. Ááta ɔlcɔrɛ́ súpat olêŋ. I have a very good friend. Ɛlʉ́kʉ́nyá nabô oshî ɛáta ɔltʉ́ŋání. A human being has one head. Maáta ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. I do not have a cow. (W). Maáta enkérr, nɛ́mááta enkíné. I have neither a sheep nor a goat. (W). v.s. 1 • To

have a physical object located at. Ɛáta oltóô ɛnkárɛ́. The barrel has (contains) water. 2 • To

be characterized by (quality); be composed of. Ɛáta ɛná ́ titó ɛncipâî. This girl is happy. (W). Ɨáta ŋolón. You have power. (C). Nɛ́ātā ɛsʉ́mash olêŋ. And they were very hungry. Kéíshíákínō nɛ́ya intóiwúó náaata ɛnk ́d ́mátá ɨnkɛ́ra sukúul. Parents who have the ability should take their children to school. 3 • To

exist. Mɛáta ɔltʉŋáni óítīēū. There is no one who dares to face him. Imeékūrē ɛatâ ̂ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ nabô. There is no longer any cow. Káa ́ás ́ta? Mɛáta ɛnáás ́ta. What are you doing? I am doing nothing. (lit: What are you doing? There is nothing that is doing.). Ɛɛ́tā ̄. They exist. 4 • To

observe, celebrate, enact; hold (an event). Kɛ́áta ɨlk ́shʉrʉ ɔlŋɛshɛ́r. The Ilkishuru age-set has a ceremony (to make them senior elders). Óre oshî ɛ́tɔ̂n mɛɛ́tā ̄ ɛnk ́páátá kɛ́dār aké ɔláyíóní óbō. Now normally before the initial ceremony, one boy first shouts. See: a-tií ‘To be at’. 5 • To

-ata

Variant: -oto; -ɔtɔ. num. Plural

verb suffix for non-perfective middle voice. N ́m ́k ́ncɔ̂ aké nɨnyɛ́ méínepunotó. We don't let them meet each other. Nɛ́ ̄bʉ̄ŋ enkóítóí ɔmɛtɔ́ɔrɔtɔ́. He

áta

-átá

followed the path until it (lit: they) divide. Plural Middle suffix’.

See: -atɛ ‘Perfective

Áta tɛ nɛ́sha náa k ́ngʉrán aké. Even if it rains, we will still play. (W). Kɛ́asɨshɔ́ áta kipukóo. We will work even when/while we are starving.

[North]: kátá. interj. 1 • Even.

(W). 2 • Or.

Nom sg: -atá. Variant: -ótó. Acc pl: -át,

-ót. nmlz. 1 • Nominalizer for active verbs, creating a nominal that refers to a single instance of an action or situation. ɛŋórótó oó nkíshú the shooting of cows (on the juglar vein). 2 • Nominalizer creating a nominal that refers to the result of an action or situation, for selected active verbs. Átóníŋo oltóíló laíjó ɛs ́ŋátá tiaáúluo. I have heard a sound like a sneeze outside. (W). Óre ɨsɨŋát ɔɔ́ ntarɛ́ náa ɛyáʉ olkúlup. The sneezes of the sheep+goats bring mucous. (W). See: arɛ2 ‘Nominalizer for active verb roots’; -án ‘Nominalizer for stative verb roots’.

a-atá ɛ-lʉ́kʉ́nyá v.s. v.phrase. 1 • To be reliable, responsible. Ɛáta ɨná kɛráí ɛlʉ́kʉnyá amʉ̂ eipírríó sokóni néshukúnye eitu elo aɨmalɨmál. That child is responsible because she ran to the market and returned without going to goof off. (W). Etuŋúáyie inkíshú ɨná kítok nɛ́mɛ́áta ɛlʉ́kʉ́nyá. That irresponsible woman has left the cows. (W). mentally disturbed. Usage: negative form. Mɛáta ɛlʉ́kʉnyá ɨná áyíóní nábuaáya. That boy who is making noise running away is crazy. (W). This sense of the negative form does not imply mentally retarded, but sth. more like "craziness". In traditional Maasai thought, the boy has almost certainly been attacked by an evil spirit. 2 • Crazy,

a-atá ɛ́-nátîû

v.phrase v.s. 1 • To

be expectant, pregnant.

Usage: polite.

Kɛ́áta ɛ́nátîû. She is pregnant. Syn: a-iroishí ‘To be heavy,

pregnant’; a-nʉtá ‘To be pregnant’; a-iturukúm [North] ‘To be pregnant’. 2 • To be in a strange behavioral condition (possibly due to bewitching). Ɛáta ɛ́nátîû nɛnâ tóyîê . (i) Those girls have sth. strange about them. (ii) Those girls are pregnant. Ká ́nyɔ́ɔ ́ peê ɛŋɔjɨnári ɛldɛ́ túŋání? Kájó ɛáta ɛ́nátîû. [ɛ̀áta ! ɛ̀nàtiù, one nal mora] Why is that person limping? Maybe he has a problem. (eg. an injury).

a-atá en-cótó v.phrase v.s. 1 • To be partisan; take one side. Nímíló aké entúmo ɛnyɛ́ amʉ̂ ɛáta encótó. And don't go to his meeting because he is partisan. (W).

have direction in life. Óre ɔlaríkoni náa ɔltʉŋáni ɔáta shótó A leader is somebody who has direction in life. Mɛáta encótó. He does not have direction. (ie. He is heading no-where, is confused, has lost his bearing with reference to his life in general.). 2 • To

mi-kí-ata encótó To be comfortably settled in a good way,

such that one doesn't have to move to a new place. ́ ́ntɨrr ́ŋā aké, mikíata shótó. We are settled, we Ɛk don't intend to move to anywhere. (lit: We do not have any side).

a-atá ɛnk-ɔ́shɔkɛ

v.phrase v.s. 1 • To

be greedy for food, be gluttonous (lit: to have a stomach). ɔltʉŋáni ɔátā ɛnkɔ́shɔkɛ A person who is greedy. 2 • To be pregnant. Restrict: women. have a big stomach. Ɛáta enkítok ɛnkɔ́shɔkɛ. (i) The woman is pregnant. (ii) The woman is a glutton. (iii) The woman has a big stomach. 3 • To

a-atá ɛn-kʉ́tʉ́k v.phrase v.s. 1 • To be talkative (lit: to have a mouth). ɔltʉŋáni ɔáta ɛnkʉ́tʉ́k person who is talkative.

be good at speaking. Má ́taá Kakɛ́nya enkaróroni amʉ̂ ɛáta ɛnkʉtʉ́k. Let's make Kakenya our speaker because she is a good (eg. skillful, effective) speaker. (W). 2 • To

be a gossiper. Ɛáta Náserián ɛnkʉ́tʉ́k; ɛshɔmɔ́ alikí Papaá ́ ajó á ́támá inkíshú ɛmpárɛ̂t. Naserian is a gossiper; she has gone to tell my Dad that I made the cows eat the farm. (Implication: I wanted to keep it a secret.) (W). 3 • To

a-atá ol-oirírūā v.phrase v.s. To be crazy, deranged due to an evil spirit. Ɛáta oloirírūā. He's deranged. (lit: He has an evil spirit.).

a-atá omóm

[North]: a-atá

a-atakinoré

v.dat v.mid v.inst. To

nkomóm. v.phrase v.s. 1 • To be a person who brings good favor and fortune to others. This is a natural gift or ability that one typically has throughout life. 2 • To be lucky, fortunate (lit: to have the face). have bad relations with; have a

grudge against. Kɛ́atakínoré enkítok ɛnkainí amʉ̂ ɛ́táárá ɛnkáíni ɛnkɛ́ráí ɛnyɛ́. The woman has a grudge against her co-wife because her co-wife has beaten her child.

l-atálani [North] 1 • [North]

[North] Acc pl: l-atalák. [North] Nom pl: l-atalák. n.

Viewpoint from a mountain; overlook. survey, scout’. 2 • [North] Illegitimate child.

See: a-tál ‘To

ɔl-átálúnoni n. Spy. See: a-tál ‘To survey, scout, reconnoitre’. n-atam ́kɨ kɨmɛncʉ́ [North] n. [North] A historical famine. See: n-apɔrsʉ́s

ɛnk-atampôî

[North] ‘Severe historical famine’.

Nom sg: ɛnk-átampôî. Acc pl: ɨnk-atampó. Nom pl: ɨnk-

átampo. [North] Nom pl: nk-átampó. n. Cloud. Kɛ́āta ɨnkátampo ɛncán. Clouds have rain. In S, this term is less common than nkidís. Syn: en-kidís ‘Cloud’.

ɔl-átart

n. Stick.

ɛnɛ-m-atatampó pl: ɨ-nɔɔ́

-atɛ

átɛ́

Variant: k-atatampó. Nom sg: ɛnɛ́-m-atatampó. Acc

nɛ-m-atatampó. Nom pl: ɨ-nɔ́ɔ nɛ-m-atatampó. [North] Acc sg: nk-atatampó. n. Name of a mythological serpent which is so tall that it drinks from the clouds; "whale" (lit: of-the-clouds). See: ɛnk-atampôî ‘Cloud’; ɛn-aɔk katampó ‘Mythological serpent’; ɔl-ásʉ́ráí ‘Snake’. Plural Middle suffix. kʉldɔ̂ tʉ́ŋáná ɔɔ́tʉmʉratátɛ those people who are already circumcised. Ɛtɛŋɛ́ratɛ ilkónsósí ŋolé. The bags tore yesterday. (W). Ɛtɨg ́latɛ ɨlalá láinêî. My teeth broke. (W). See: ɛ ‘Perfect(ive) Singular Middle’; -ata ‘Non-perfective aspect Plural Middle suffix’. voi asp. Perfect(ive)

reflexive and reciprocal pronoun; selves. K ́nyaŋákɨ átɛ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. We buy ourselves tomatoes. (W). Ɛg ́ra inkɛ́rá áaelie átɛ́ eréko. The children are painting themselves with the red ochre. (Pk). máātɛ̄ by themselves. ́ cɔɔ épúó máātɛ̄ amʉ̂ ímíkípúô iyioók. Let them go Ɛn by themselves because we are not going to go. (Pk). K ́ntarɛɨta átɛ́. We are escorting each other. (W). ɨntá ́ aaté you yourselves. See: kɛwán ‘self’.

pn. Plural

ol-átím

́l-átímî. [North] Acc sg: l-átîm. [North] Nom sg: l-átîm. [North] Acc pl: l-atímî. [North] Nom pl: l-atimî. n. 1 • Twigs placed at the entrance of the house where newly-initiated boys and/or girls live. Usage: plural. Acc pl:

Ceremony. Memítōyī ndáâ ɛ́ látím. Food in a ceremony cannot be denied. (SN). 3 • [North] The celebration portion of a circumcision or wedding. See: n-koperrerrí [North] ‘Twigs placed at the entrance of the house where newly-initiated boys and/or girls live’. 2 • [North]

ɛnk-atiní

Nom sg: ɛnk-átiní. Acc pl: ɨnk-atinîn. [Purko] Acc pl: ɨnk-aátini.

folktale. Ɛ́ ́nɔsáká ŋolé iyíóók kókóô ɛnkatiní kííjito ɛnk ́má. Grandmother [North] Nom pl: nk-átinîn. n. Story,

narrated to us a story yesterday as we warmed ourselves at the fireplace. (Pk). Náajokí yéíyioô ɛnkatiní ɔɔ́ nkuukuní. My mother told me a wild animal story. (W). Mɛɨnɔsɨ ɛnkatiní dáma Stories are not told during the day. See: olaigéetíâî [South] ‘Tale’.

nk-atipítipî [North] atûâ

Nom sg: nk-átípítipî. n. [North]

Drizzles. Syn: n-aituríáá payianí [North] ‘Drizzles’. See: enkoirujúrujî ‘Drizzles’. 1 • Nom sg: átua.

inside, inside, in, into. Ɛtɨm ́ráká oldîâ ɛncɛrɛ́rɛ̄t atûâ entîm. The dog chased the monkey into the bush. (W). Ant: enk-oríóŋ ‘Back, outside’. 2 • Until. n.r. 1 • The

within the central nature of. Etíī oloitikó atûâ inkíshú. The leopard is among the cows. (W). Níkitum ti átua ɨltʉ́ŋáná intokitîn naatîû néjia We got from people things like that. 3 • Among,

tiátua Inside. Kɛ́ɛn ́ inkíshú ɨnkɛjɛ́k tiátua ɛnadúóó áŋ. The cow's legs are tied inside that homestead. inside’.

See: ti

átua ‘In,

atúā ilomón The idiomatic (as opposed to literal) meaning of one's words.

atûâ [North]2 interj. [North] Exactly! l-atʉkʉ́ny [North] [North] Nom sg: l-átʉkʉ́ny. n. [North] Dirt on the body or clothes.

n-aulélen [North]

Grazing around home. See: pɛ́rpɛr ‘Grazing around home’; línká ‘The driving or herding of cattle at dawn to eat the grass when it is still dewy, and then bring them back later for milking.’.

auló [North] kraal.

n. [North]

[North] Nom sg: áulo. n.r. [North]

Outside, outside the

aulúó

Nom sg: áúluo. Acc pl: ɨnkáúlele. [North] Acc sg: auló. n.r. Outside;

ground outside village. Ɛtárá ŋolé ɔláŋóróní ɔrmɛʉ́t ti áúluo aŋ. Yesterday a hunter killed a giraffe just outside our home. (Pk). Ɛt́ ayú lɛ́lɔ́ kuóô tɛ mʉatatá ɛ́ntɛrɛʉ aulúó. Remove those kids and lambs from the sheep-fold and take them outside the village. (Pk). Ɛɨtʉ́ taá doí oshî táatá aitóki anɛtar ́ aulúó aké átíī. Of late, I have not been going (pulling) very far away, just within the vicinity of the kraal. (Pk).

ɛn-áuner

plant.

ɔl-aúnoni

Nom sg: ɛn-áúner. Acc pl: ɨn-aúnerri. Nom pl: ɨn-áunerrí. n. To

See: a-ún.

Nom sg: ɔl-aúnónī. Acc pl: ɨl-aunók. Nom pl: ɨl-áùnòk. n.

1 • Establisher,

planter, sower. See: a-ún ‘To plant’. 2 • Warrior selected from different clans within a community to be an overall leader. Rules constrain the selection of this man: his body must be completely intact (eg. no teeth are missing), and his father and mother must be alive and in good health. This man should be given several cows. 3 • [North] Leader chosen for a given age-set in a given clan. See: ol-otunó ‘Age-set leader’.

l-aʉ́rr [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-áʉrr. [North] Acc pl: l-aurrí. [North] Nom

pl: l-áurrí. n. [North]

Male camel, camel bull.

nk-aʉ́rr [North] Female camel, young male camel. See: ɛntam ́s ‘Camel’; ny ́rɨg ‘Young camel’.

ɔl-aʉtáni

[North] Nom sg: l-áʉtani. [North] Acc pl: l-aʉták. [North] Nom pl: l-

áʉtak. n. 1 • One who points. See: a-ʉ́t ‘To point’. 2 • [North] Brother-in-law. 3 • [North] Male in-law, esp. father-in-law. One's in-laws can exert pressure for gifts even after the bridewealth has been paid. See: pak ́tɛ́ŋ ‘Relationship established by giving a cow; father-inlaw’.

nk-aʉtáni [North] [North] Female in-law, esp. mother-in-law. See: pakérr ‘Mother-in-law’.

nk-aʉt ́ [North] áuuî!

[North] Nom sg: nk-áʉt .́ n. [North]

sex).

In-law (either

[North] Acc sg: láuuî. interj. Cry

for help, mostly used by women when being beaten, or when sth. horrific happens such as death, being chased by a beast, etc. Áuuî! Ká ́nyɔ́ɔ ́ dúóó nátookó kʉlɛ́ ɛ́mɛ́nyɛ́ Siamánta? Oh no! Who drank Siamanta's father's milk? This implies the father, who is the most important man of the home, will not have food. See: óóí ‘Help!’.

ol-áuûî

Nom sg: ol-áuûî. n. Short

poisonous plant with oval red fruits approximately two to three centimeters in length. The leaves are broad with zig-zag edges and prominent veins, about five centimeters in length. Óre ɛlɛ́ áuûî náa esayíét. This plant ol-áuûî is poisonous. (Pk). Kɛ́ ́tɔrrɔ́nɔ̂ ɛlɛ̂ áuûî olêŋ. This ol-áuûî plant is very bad. (Pk).

nk-áwáí [North]2 1 • [North]

Nom sg: nk-awáí. Acc pl: nk-áwa. Nom pl: nk-áwâ. n.

Meat cooked so that fat is extracted from it (though the meat is still quite fatty), typically from the tail of a sheep; fried fatty meat. A few of these can quckly nauseate s.o. Áaɨtɨrɨkɨtâ nkáwâ. The fatty meats have nauseated me. (SN). Kácám aná áwáí. [kátʃám àná ! áwáí] I like this piece of fried fatty meat. (SN). 2 • [North] Dried piece of fatty meat. Syn: ɨ-rɔ́nkɛ́na, il-túnkáso ‘Defatted meat’. See: in-kiriŋô ‘Meats’.

l-áwáí [North]1

[North] Nom sg: l-awáí. [North] Acc pl: l-áwa. [North] Nom

pl: l-áwâ. n. [North]

Tree sp. whose wood is made into bells for small stock. Delonix elata. See: l-ókórkór [North] ‘Wooden bell’.

ɛnk-áwuo2

Nom sg: ɛnk-áwûô. Acc pl: ɨnk-ái. [Purko] Acc pl: ɨnk-áwuoí,

ɨn-káwúóí. [Purko] Nom pl: ɨn-káwuoi. [North] Acc pl: nk-áwuoi. [North] ́ tʉdʉmʉ́ ɨnkái ɔ́ mbáa, Nom pl: nk-áwûôî. n. 1 • Bow. Ɛn

ɛ́máapɛ́ áaar kʉldɔ̂ meutí. Get your bows and arrows so ́ that we can go kill a giraffe. (Pk). Ɨncɔɔ́ kɨ ɛnkáwuo ɔ́ ɛmbáɛ. [ɔ́ ɛ́mbáɛ] Give me a bow and an arrow. (Pk). 2 • Wooden

portion of a bow (not including the string). 3 • Wooden bow(s) with ɛm-pító (bow string) removed, carried as symbols of peace. Usage: sacred. Anyone, of any gender or age, may carry ɨnk-ái with this significance, and is considered to be ɔlámál. Anyone doing damage to s.o. carrying ɨnk-ái is fined. See: ɛm-báɛ ‘Arrow’; em-borowai ‘Bow’; e-móotíán ‘Quiver’; empítō ‘Bow string’; ol-ŋorét ‘Arrow for bleeding cattle’. Etymology: Proto-Teso-Lotuko-Maa *-kauw- 'arrow, bow' (Vossen 1982:327).

l-áwuo [North]1

Tree sp., used in making donke pack frames, and which may be incorporated into the structure of a traditional house when not migrating.

-aya

[North] Nom sg: l-áwûô. n. [North]

Dombeya rotundifolia.

of Imperfective asect. Óre aké peê edúaya ajó ɛ́táshálá... If she realizes that she is getting old... See: áa ‘Away’. asp. Type

ɛnk-ayá

Nom sg: ɛnk-áya. Acc pl: ɨnk-áyáítíé. Nom pl: ɨnk-ayaitíé. n.

1 • Stomach.

2 • Intestines. 3 • The

first chamber in the alimentary canal of ruminant animals; rumen. See: ɛnk-ɔ́shɔ́kɛ́ ‘Stomach’; ɛnk-ɔnyɔ́rɨ ‘One of the stomach's of a cow’.

Ayam n.prop. Name of a river in Laikipia District. l-áyámáí [North] [North] Nom sg: l-ayamáí. [North] Acc pl: l-áyáma. [North] Nom pl: l-áyamâ. n. [North]

l-ay ́ɛ́rani [North]

Tree sp.

Commiphora boiviniana.

́rani. [North] Acc pl: l-ayɨɛrák. [North] Nom pl: l-áyɨɛrák. n. [North] Cook. See: ɔl-ayíárani ‘Cook’; ay ́ɛ́r ‘To cook’.

ɛnk-áyiam

[North] Nom sg: l-áy

Nom sg: ɛnk-áyîâm. n. Small

calabash used for beer, or for

milk used in blessing ceremonies. ɔt ́ ‘Small calabash’.

ɔl-ayíárani -áyie

Cook.

See: en-kúkúrí ‘Calabash’; ɛnk-

Nom sg: ɔl-áyíárání. Acc pl: ɨl-ayiarák. Nom pl: ɨl-áyíárák. n.

See: l-ay

́ɛ́rani [North] ‘Cook’.

Variant: -óyie. dir asp. Motion

away plus Perfect(ive) aspect. a5 ‘Away’; -a4 ‘Perfect(ive) aspect’.

l-ayíéni [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-áyieni. [North] Acc pl: l-ayíók,

ayîôk. [North] Nom pl: l-áyiok. n. [North] Boy, son. ayíóni ‘Boy’.

See: ɔl-

See: -

l-

nk-ayíéni [North] [North] Small boy. n-ayieŋí [North] n. [North] Cancerous skin tumor, treatabler only by drastic excision and application of an herb like sukurtuti. See: a-yíéŋ ‘To slaughter, do surgery’.

ɨnk-ayîôk n.pl. Boys. See: ɛnk-ayíóni ‘Boy’. (ɛnk)-áyíókisho Nom sg: ayiókisho. Acc pl: ?. n. 1 • Boyhood; the age

between about 12 and 15, when boys are typically intelligent, strong, brave. Ámaâ siî doí ɨlɛ́wa ɔɔ́mʉrata kɛ́tɔ́n apá aké ɛ́ɛt́ â áyíókisho. Even men who are uncircumcised still have boyhood in them. (Ie. conduct unacceptable for a circumcised men, such as playing with dogs). Ɛt́ áá kéyíókīshō ɛndá ayiʉni. That boy is almost to the stage of boyhood. 2 • Boyishness. See: ɛnk-ayíóni ‘Boy’.

enk-íyókore Boyhood. a-yíéni [South] [South] A man with boyhood characteristics. ɛnk-ayíóni Nom sg: ɛnk-áyíóní. Acc pl: ɨnk-ayîôk. Nom pl: ɨnk-áyiok. [North] Acc sg: l-ayíéni. [North] Nom sg: l-áyieni. [North] Acc pl: l-ayíók. [North] Nom pl: l-áyiok. n. 1 • Boy

ɛnkayíóni élô aɨrrɨtá ilkuoóō

́ cɔɔ prior to circumcision. Ɛn

tiaúluo. Let the small boy go herd the lambs and kids outside the village compound. Éló

ɔláyíóní aɨrrɨtá inkíshú. The boy will go to look after the cows.

Ɔlayíóni láí doí dúóó ótií eneoríéki inkíshú náarɛwak ́ naá ́sʉl. 2 • Son.

It is my son who was in the place where the cows were shared out, and he brought me the best.

ɔl-ayíóni Big boy. Dúóó táatá ɛjɨŋ ́ ɛnkáŋ ɔ́lɛ Parmuát peê ɛ́mʉ́rát ̂ ɔlayíóni tááisére. Today is the day the distinguished guests go to Ole Parmuat's home, because tomorrow is when a boy will be circumcised.

ɨl-ayîôk lɔɔ́ lkɨláni Boys about to be initiated who wear black cloaks.

ɔl-arríteni Old grown up boy who is not yet circumcised. áyíókisho Boyhood. áyīā interj. Term of agreement; all right, okay. Áyīā. Kálótú tááisére. Okay. I will come tomorrow. (Pk). Népuo apá ɨlɛ́wâ áajo, "eé, áyīā shɔ́mɔ..." The men go and say, "Yes, all right go...".

áyīā sére! Good bye! á'ā interj. No. Á'ā, ḿmɛ nɨnyɛ́! No, it is not him! In Arusha, á'ā is

used only after ḿ́mɛ has been used several times. It is a final 'no,' ́ mɔ dúóó and would not be polite as an initial refusal. Q: Ɨshɔ́ Naɨrɔ́bɨ? A: Á'ā, ɛɨtʉ́ aló, átíí díóó aké áŋ. Q: Did you go to Nairobi? A: No, I did not go, I was just at home. See: ́' ́ ‘No’.

B-b b Letter representing the Maa bilabial voiced stop consonant /b/. a-bá

Some speakers may have extremely light implosion, while for others the stop is not implosive. v. To

reach. See: a-baʉ́ ‘To arrive at the point of reference’; abayá ‘To go away from the point of reference’.

a-bá ánaa

1 • Comparative

verb phrase: to be as X as (eg. to be as big as) (lit: to reach like). ́bá ánaa ɔltɔ́mɛ́. You are as big/strong as an elephant. Ɛbâ ɛlɛ̂ ashé ánaa ́lɔ̂. This calf is as (big as) that one. (Pk). 2 • To be as big as sth. For W, this comparative expression is used only for size.

́ a-ɨtabá v.cause. To make sth. to be as big as. Ɨnkɛnɨshɔ siî íyīē téjo "nabô, aré, uní" oóntabáí îp. Do the counting

saying "one, two, three" up to one hundred. (lit: ...to cause it to be as big as one hundred).

a-baá1 [North] Acc sg: a-baí. v.mid. To be cracked. Kɛ́baa eŋúdî tenéosh ɛnkɔ́lɔŋ. A stick will crack when scorched by the sun. (lit: A stick will crack when the sun hits it.). Kɛ́báa ɛnkɔ̂p. The ground will become cracked. (Pk). Ɛbáa ɛnkɔ̂p. The ground is cracked. (Pk). Ɛtabɛ́ɛ ɛncáta táatá. The stick cracked today. (Pk). See: a-bák2 ‘To cut, excise’.

l-baá [North]

l-báân. [North] Nom pl: l-báan. n.pl. 1 • [North] Stream of water, rivulet. 2 • [North] Gully. See: ɔl-báátá ‘Crack, gully’. See: ol-buáá ‘Swamp’; l-orrían [North] ‘Swamp’; ɔl-árɛ́; ɔl-cɔ́rrɔ ‘Dam’.

a-baá [North]2

[North] Nom sg: l-báa. [North] Acc pl: l-baân,

v. [North]

duration of time).

To be an extent (in length, height,

a-baá ánā [North] [North] To be as far, long, tall as (etc.);

comparative.

ɨm-báa Nom pl: ɨm-báâ. n.pl. Issues, matters, abstract things. Nájó ádɔ́l kóre ɨmbáa kúmok néíŋúaa ɛmátua e oŋúán. I saw that a lot of items [questions on an exam] came from Chapter Four. Kééwuo dúóó aké n ́nyɛ ɛlɛ́ páyian

aɨnyál oróréí amʉ̂ ɛtarrúóítie dúóó aké ɨmbáâ. This man just came to make things go from bad to worse because things were already spoiled. ɛ́nâ báa? [ɛ̀nà báa] Which quantity? (W). See: ɛm-báɛ ‘Matter’.

ɨl-báa n.pl. Wounds. See: ɔl-báɛ ‘Wound’. ɔl-báak Nom sg: ll-baák. n. Crack (eg. on ground or tree). See: ɔlbáátá ‘Crack’.

l-báan [North] laaga.

n. [North]

Dry river bed for a seasonal river;

ɛm-báárɛ́ Nom sg: ɛm-baarɛ́. n.f.sg. 1 • Treatment. Mɛ́ ́sɨsɨ ɔlabáani tɛ mbaarɛ́ ɛ́nyɛ. You should praise the healer for his treatment. 2 • Skinning of an animal.

ɔl-báátá

Nom sg: ɔl-baatá. Acc pl: ɨl-baát. Nom pl: ɨl-baát. n. 1 • A

long narrow depression in a surface; crack, eroded gully, ditch, channel. 2 • [North] The trench dug as a foundation of a house, into which the pegs (m-bókic) are pounded. See: a-bák ‘To cut, excise’.

a-baayá [North]

v.dir. [North]

l-babák [North]

[North] Acc pl: l-babakîn. n. [North]

To cut open the chest of a slaughtered animal. See: a-bák2 ‘To tear, dig, cut’. arási ‘Rib’; l-márai [North] ‘Rib’.

Rib.

See: ɔl-

ɔl-báɛ1 Nom sg: ɔl-báɛ̂. Acc pl: ɨl-báa. Nom pl: ɨl-báâ. n. 1 • Wound, injury. Enótō ɔlbáɛ amʉ̂ ɛ́tábátátá ɛngárrî. He got a wound because he fell off the car.

See: ɛm-bɔ́rátá ‘Wound’.

2 • Sexually

transmitted disease; gonorrhoea. This disease affects both men and women. For women, it is painful to sit down, there are little wounds all over the vagina, and problems can develop in the belly. S.o. with this disease urinates with difficulty. Ékémítóki oshî ɔlbáɛ̂ ɔltʉŋáni ɛ́lʉ̂t esídáí. [ɛ̀lʊ̀t] Gonorrhoea does not let a person urinate well. (Pk). 3 • [South] Rheumatism. 4 • [North] Gumtipped arrow used by initiate boys to shoot birds. See: ɛm-báɛ ‘Arrow’. Etymology: Proto-OngamoMaa *-baɛ 'arrow' (Vossen 1989:194).. See: l-báɛ lɛ́ nkúé [North] ‘Severe headache’.

ɛm-báɛ2

Nom sg: ɛm-báɛ̂. Acc pl: im-báa. Nom pl: ɨm-báâ. [North] Nom sg: m-

́ báɛ. n. 1 • Arrow. Ɨncɔɔ́ kɨ ɛmbáɛ natíī ɛndâ móotíán. Give me an arrow that is in that quiver. spine. Kɛ́p ̄ ɔsh ̂ ɨmbáâ ɔ́ y ́yáí. The spines of a porcupine are sharp. (Pk). 3 • [North] Traditional razor. 2 • Sharp

affair, issue, abstract thing. Óre ɛmbáɛ naáíjó ́nâ náa esíáai ɔ́laríkoni. Such a matter is the work of a leader. (Pk). Etymology: Proto-OngamoMaa *-baɛ (Vossen 1989:194). 4 • Matter,

ɔl-báɛ 1 • Opinion. Óre dúóó nɨnyɛ́ ɔlbáɛ̂ lɛnyɛ́, náa kɛ́mʉ́tā ̄ amʉ̂ ɨmɛnyɔk ́tā ̄. According to his opinion, people will die (of hunger) because they are not working hard. 2 • [North] Arrow.

a-baɨk ́

[North]: a-bak .́ In some suffixed forms: -baɨkɨn. v.dat. 1 • To

reach, arrive at. Négiróō aké, nɛ́bā ̄k ̄ ɛnkáŋ ɔ́ loibóni. When he had passed them, he came to a magician's home. Kɛ́bá ́k ́ ɔlpolosíé láŋ ínê Our boundary reaches there. Áábá ́kɨ. I will reach you./I will visit you. See: a-bá ‘To reach’. visit. Ɛshɔmɔ́ ɛntásât abaɨk ́ entítō ɛnyɛ́. The woman has gone to visit her daughter. 2 • To

endure for, last until. Ɛbá ́kɨ nɛ́ya ɛná síáái ɛ́sáâ nabô ɔ aashʉ̂ aré. This work will last one hour or maybe two. 3 • To

attain. Ɛtabáíkīā taá táatá ɔlpurishóí oitiŋí Today the thief has reached the ultimate end. [ie. He is dead.]. 4 • To

suffice, be sufficient, be enough; fit. Káabaɨk ́ ɛná dáâ. This food is sufficient for me. Káabaɨk ́ nánʉ́ ɛná k ́lâ. This cloth (piece of clothing) fits me. See: a-ɨd ́p; a-imú ‘To be sufficient’; a-itiemú [North] ‘To be sufficient’. 5 • Epistemic modal: perhaps be possible, maybe able to happen. Ɛbá ́kɨ n ́nyɔ̄r, nímīrēt. Perhaps you love him, but you don't help him. Mɛbá ́kɨ n ́nyɔ̄r nímīrēt. It cannot happen that you love him but you don't help him. 5 • To

a-baikinoré v.dat v.mid v.inst. 1 • To be related to. Káa ɨbáíkínoré Léken? How related are you to Leken? 2 • To be at a certain distance from. Káa ɨbáíkínoré Nairobi? How far are you from Nairobi? a-atá ɛnɛbaikínoré v.phrase. To have a kinship relationship to. Kɛ́nyɔ̄r ɛnkɛráí ŋɔ́tɔ́nyɛ́ amʉ̂ kɛ́áta ɛnɛbaikínoré. A child loves his mother because he is related to her.

a-bák1 v. To heal, treat. Ɛshɔmɔ́ ɛnkɛrá ́ k ́tɨ mɛshɔ́mɔ́ ́ áabak. The small child has gone to be healed. Ɛg ́ra ɔltamueyíáí aɨtɨrrɨŋá mɛtábakɨ. The patient is calm so that he can be treated.

See: a-ishíú ‘To

heal’.

a-bák2 v. 1 • To tear or dig the ground longitudinally; make a trench. abák ɛnkɔ́p aitayú ɔlbáátá To tear the ground to make a long narrow depression in a surface. Nɛ́bāk ̄ ɛnkɔ́p. The ground is broken (in preparation for making a house). (Pk). Kɛ́bāk ɛnkárɛ ɛnkɔ́p. Water can make a crack on the ground. abák nkulipó to dig a shallow trench in the soil (S).

crack sth. by exposure to the sun. Ɛt́ ábáá ɛnkɔ́lɔŋ ɛncatá. The (heat of the) sun cracked the stick. 3 • To cut as in a surgical operation in order to removing sth.; excise. abák nkíné to open the chest or forelegs of an animal when butchering. See: a-y ́ɛ́ŋ ‘To cut by breaking the skin’. 2 • To

a-baayá [North]

v.dir. [North]

slaughtered animal.

To cut open the chest of a

ɔl-bákɛt Nom sg: ɔl-bákɛ̂t. Acc pl: ɨl-báketí. Nom pl: ɨl-báketí. n. Bucket. ɔlbákɛt lɛ́ nkurmá bucket of maize flour. A bucket of about 20 kilos is used to measure maize flour. dɛ́pɛ ‘Large tin’.

ɛm-báka [South]

Swahili paka. See: ɛ-r

Borrowed word: English. See: ɔl-

[North] Acc sg: m-báka. n. Boundary. Etymology:
ɪa {N,C}a for Otuho..

ol-dîâ

Nom sg: ol-dîâ. Acc pl: il-díein. Nom pl: il-díêîn. [Purko] Nom sg: ol-díā.

dog. Ɛtáárá oldîâ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ metúá. The dog killed the cow. (W). Ɛtáárá ɛnk ́tɛŋ oldîâ metúá. The cow killed the dog. (W). Ɛm ́r ́ta ildíêîn inkinejí. The dogs are chasing the goats. (W). Ɛm ́r ́ta inkíneji ildíein. The goats are chasing the dogs. (W). Syn: ol-kúyúkúí ‘Dog’. [North] Nom sg: l-díâ. n. Male

Etymology: Proto-Eastern-

Nilotic *-di- 'dog' (Vossen 1982:354).

en-dîâ Puppy; female dog, bitch.

dia parr ́ [North]

n.

[North] Day after tomorrow. See: idiaɔlɔ́ŋ ‘Distant future, including day-aftertomorrow’.

a-diaá1 a-diaá2

v.mid. To

be cursed.

See: a-dɛ́k ‘To

curse’; a-diaayá ‘To curse’.

[àdyiá] v. To

gasp, breathe noisly as when one has difficulty breathing; breath heavily; grunt (as when sick). Íjo ídíaa ánaa olomúéí? Why do you grunt like a sick person? Kɛ́tɛdîɛ̂ ŋolé. Yesterday he gasped. (SN). Kédia. He has difficulty breathing. (S). See: a-yáŋ ‘To breathe’.

n-díáátá [North] dɛ́k ‘To curse’.

[North] Nom sg: n-diaatá. n. [North]

A curse.

See: a-

a-diaayá v.dir. To curse on leaving, drive off by curses. a-díák [àdyák] v. 1 • To miss the intended target (eg. when shooting a lion). Kétédíá. He missed it. (S). See: a-tút ‘To miss a target, miss a chance’. 2 • To err, make a mistake.

a-itadíák To make a mistake or be incorrect; err. n-díátá [North] [North] Nom sg: n-diatá. n. [North] Shelling (eg. of maize).

en-díátí díā

See: a-dɛ́ ‘To

shell’.

[èndyátí] Nom sg: en-diatí. [Purko] Acc sg: en-díáti. [Purko] Nom sg: en-

díátî. [North] Acc pl: n-díátîn. n.sg. What is not desired in a garden; weed.

Acc pl: díéin. Nom pl: díéîn. adj. Unfriendly.

Káke díā ɛlɛ́

maŋátintá. But this enemy is very unfriendly. (Pk). Ɛt́ árá ɔltʉ́ŋání díā ɔlɨkáɨ. The unfriendly person has beaten the other. (Pk). Ɛt́ árákɨ ɔltʉŋáni díā ɔl ́kā ̄. The unfriendly person has been beaten by the other. (Pk). ará díā To be unfriendly.

a-idíá

be a mean worthless person. Éídia ɛldɛ́ páyian. That man is a mean worthless person. See: ɔl-áróí ‘Unfriendly man’.

a-dɨd ́ŋ

v. To

bump into, walk into sth. Ád ́d ́ŋ ́ta ɛmɛ́sa. I am bumping into the table. v.prog. To

a-dɨdɨŋʉ́

v.dir. To

reference.

push out forcefully towards the point of

a-dɨdɨŋak ́ v.apl. To push out forcefully into. a-dɨdɨŋʉnyɛ́ v.dir v.mid. To come out forcefully. ol-díîp Nom sg: ol-diíp. Acc pl: il-díipí. Nom pl: il-díipí. n. Acaricide; cattle dɨkáɨ

dip.

Etymology: English 'dip'. See: tîp ‘Acaricide’.

́kā .̄ pn. Elsewhere. Etoyíó d ́kā ̄. The other (place) is dried up. Nom sg: d

ɛn-dɨkáɨ n. Another place. See: á 2́ ‘Another’. n-dikasó [North] Nom sg: n-díkasó. n. [North] Yellowish substance that is carried by bees on their legs, as they fly around; pollen.

n-dikasôî [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-díkasôî. [North] Acc pl: n-dikasó.

[North] Nom pl: n-díkasó. n. [North]

Pollen.

l-dikíé [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-d

by a group of boys.

́kɨɛ. n. [North] Type of song sung

n-dɨk ́ɛ́ [North] [North] Boy's dance. See: n-tírrá

[North] ‘Warriors' song’; l-aparasíyíó [North] ‘Women's song’; l-ɔ́dɔ [North] ‘Old men's song’; l-ɛbárta [North] ‘Mockery song for almost circumcised boys’; l-kíshúrótó [North] ‘Raiders song of victory’; l-kulonkói [North] ‘Night trekkers' song’; nkéreyio [North] ‘Unexcised girls' song’; e-wóko ‘Song to narrate one's achievement’.

d ́k ́r [North] help. n.f. [North]

(S).

en-díkírr1

Help, benefit, profit. Mɛáta díkír. He has no help.

Nom sg: en-dikírr. Acc pl: in-dikiró,

in-dikirró. Nom pl: indíkirro. [North] Acc pl: n-dikirró. n. 1 • A long steep slope or cliff at the edge of a plateau or ridge; escarpment; usually formed by erosion; cliff, slope. Ɛɨlɛpákɨtâ endíkírr. They have gone up the escarpment. 2 • Ravine. 3 • [North] Gap between mountains, pass.

en-díkírr e kério

Nom sg: en-dikírr

é kério. n.prop. Kerio

Escarpment, Kenya. peê k ́lɛ́pʉ̂ te ndikírr (é kério) when we ascended the Kerio escarpment. This expression refers to a major event in the history of the Maasai, the ascent of the Kerrio valley. Some other sections of Maa will call it ɛn-dikirr ɔɔ́ namʉ́ka 'escarpment of the sandals.' Historians generally accept this to have been the present-day Kerio Escarpment in Kenya, an important landmark in the early history of Maasai migrations from north to south. This event happened a number of hundred years ago. Other major events are often timed as having occured before or after the climbing of the escarpment. The event is used as a type of 'anno domini' in Maasai history. This is a traditional story accepted as history of the Maa. It serves to explain their origin. See: endíkírr ‘Escarpment’.

en-díkírr naɛni ɨn-kʉ́j ́t

Nom sg: en-dikírr

naɛni ɨn-kʉ́j ́t. n.prop. Naarɔɔsura Escarpment, Kenya (lit: escarpment where the grass is tied). See: en-díkírr ‘Escarpment’; Naarɔɔsura ‘Place name’; ɛ-nɛɛni ɨnkʉ́j ́t ‘Place name on the top of the Naarɔɔsura Escarpment’.

en-díkírr o l-kiloriti

Nom sg: en-dikírr

en-díkírr ɔɔ́ namʉ́ka

n.prop. Probably

o lkiloriti. n.prop. Kikuyu Escarpment (lit: escarpment of Egyptian thorn-acacia). See: endíkírr ‘Escarpment’.

the present-day Kerio Escarpment; escarpment of the sandals (lit: escarpment of the sandals). Historians generally accept this escarpment to have been the present-day Kerio Escarpment in Kenya, an important landmark in the early history of Maasai migrations from north to south. The ascent of this escarpment happened a number of hundred years ago. The event is used as a type of 'anno domini' in Maasai history, as other major events are often timed as having occured before or after the climbing of the escarpment. See: en-díkírr ‘Escarpment’.

en-díkírr oó nkurmân

óo nkurmân. n.prop. Escarpment of the cultivated fields. The name is derived from the fields cultivated with grains and other eatables by means of irrigation. These fields were a source of food for many of the early caravans and travellers going through the area in the nineteenth century, according to Gustave Fischer, the explorer, in 1882. See: en-díkírr ‘Escarpment’; en-kurmá ‘Cultivated field, flour’.

a-d ́p [North] a-d ́r

Nom sg: en-dikírr

v. 1 • [North]

To resemble in physical appearance. See: a-risieré [North] ‘To resemble in appearance’. 2 • [North] To be similar (eg. ideas). v. 1 • To

go upward with gradual or continuous progress; climb; mount. ad ́r oldóínyó To climb up a mountain. Syn: a-kéd ‘To climb’. 2 • [North]

(S).

To enter a vehicle. ad ́r ngárri To get into a car

a-dɨrak ́

1 • To

climb for s.o. 2 • [North] To climb over to where sth. is.

l-dɨrɛ́t [North]

Small gate used by people at night. This is used when the big gate is closed; it is built so that cows cannot pass through.

ɔl-dɨrɛ́tai

n. [North]

Nom sg: ɔl-d

́rɛtái. Acc pl: ɨl-dɨrɛ́ta. Nom pl: ɨl-d ́rɛta. n. Pack-

saddle. aɛnaá ilkúkúrtok tɔɔ́ ld ́rɛta peê mɛ́sʉ́lʉ́nyɛ to tie the calabashes on the pack saddles so they don't fall down. See: sainiâî [North] ‘Pack-saddle’.

dírikány [North]

[North] Nom sg: dírikány. [North] Acc pl: dirikanyí.

[North] Nom pl: dírikanyí. adj. [North]

baboon.

Brown; the colour of a

l-dírikány [North] [North] Mountain-dwelling baboon. See: lótim ‘Baboon’.

n-diríoi [North]

Nom sg: n-diríóí. Acc pl: n-diríon. Nom pl: n-dírion. n.

[North] Big house.

ol-dirísha

See: ɛnk-ají ‘House’.

Nom sg: ol-dírisha. Acc pl: il-dirishaní. Nom pl: il-dírīshānī. n.

Window. Oldirísha ɛlɛ́. This is a window. Ínkenó oldirísha méítokí aɨmʉ́ enkíjape. Close the window so the cold doesn't keep flowing in. See: e-lúsíé ‘Window’. Borrowed word: Swahili dirisha 'window'.

en-dîs Nom sg: en-dîs. n.sg. 1 • First green grass after rain or fire. Ɛɨpɔ́ngá ɨlashɔ́ e ndîs. The green grass have made the

calves' stomachs get full. See: sɔ́rɔ [North] ‘New green grass’; empílílí ‘New green grass’; m-biríri [North] ‘New green grass’. 2 • [North] Jaundice, anaplasmosis.

ɔl-dísí

Nom sg: ɔl-disí. Acc pl: il-dísií. Variant: il-diisiini. Nom pl: il-dísií.

District Commissioner. Ɔlkɛjúādɔ̄ oshî ɔ́mānyā oldísí. The district commissioner resides in Kajiado. (Pk). Etymology: < the English letters "D C", for "district Variant: il-díisiiní. n. DC,

commissioner".

a-dɔ́

In some suffixed forms:: dɔr. v.s. 1 • To

be red, prototypically blood-red. The precise shade is understood according to collocation, eg. the color a white person turns when mad or embarrassed, the color of lipstick or a fruit. Ɛdɔ́. It is red. Kɛ́dɔ̄ oshî intápʉka órŋaróojí. The flowers of the Orŋarooji tree are red. Kédóru oshî ewúéjî nétuduŋokí. The part (of the body) that has been cut becomes red. Óre oshî kárat naó náa kɛ́dɔ. A ripe carrot has the red colour. (Pk). K ́dɔ́ enkúme. Your nose is red. Á ́tɔ́dɔ̄r ɛlʉ́kʉ́nyá tɛ rékō. I will make the head red by applying red ochre. Ewó ɛlɛ̂ ŋánayíóî amʉ̂ ɛ́tɔ́dɔ́rɔ́. This fruit has ripened because it is red. Káá ́tɔ́dɔr. I will make you be red (ie. hit you until I see blood). Tɔ́dɔrɔ. Be red! Átɔ́dɔ́rɔ. I have become red (angry, or bloody). Usage: For some speakers (W), a-dɔ́(r) cannot be used for livestock; while a-nyokíé can be. For almost all other referents (including blood) and all red hues, either a-dɔ́(r) or anyokíé could be used. For some speakers a-dɔ́(r) might be extended to light reds.. See: a-nyokíé ‘To be reddish’; móríjóí1 ‘Maroon’. injure. Á ́tɔ́dɔrɔ. I injured him. (lit: I made him red). Áítódōrīē orinká. I injured him with a club. (lit: I made him red using a club.). See: l-ɔdɔ́ [North] ‘Blood’. 2 • To

a-dorú

become red (eg. from bleeding). Edóru. It becomes red. 2 • To become rusty. 1 • To

a-dɔ́ mokúá n. To be reluctant; do sth. unwillingly. Ɛshɔmɔ́ ɛnkɛráí sukúul káke kɛ́dɔ́ mokúá amʉ̂ mɛáta imbúkuí e sukúul. The child has gone to school but she is reluctant because she does not have school books. be red’.

a-dɔ́ ɔ́ŋʉ

In some suffixed forms: a-dɔ́r

See: a-dɔ́ ‘To

ɔ́ŋʉ. v.s. 1 • To be fierce, angry and

doí

dangerous (lit: to be red (as to the) eye). This designates a complex of being brave, fierce-looking, serious; it is evident that when one designated by this and fights, he wins. 2 • To have a red eye. See: a-dɔ́ ‘To be red’; ɔl-ɔŋʉ́ ‘Eye’.

[North] Acc sg: deí. [North] Acc sg: reí. adv. 1 • certainty,

urgency, sth. one

should take seriously; indeed. Kɛ́ār doí iyíóók ɛlɛ̂ tʉ́ŋání. This man is indeed going to kill us. Káyīēū doí nílotú sáâ uní. I want you to come at nine o'clock a.m. (lit: I want you indeed to come three hours.) (Pk). The implication of this utterance is that there will be some major consequence or damage if you don't come at that time. The effect of leaving doí out would be to express more of a wish, rather than a command. 2 • Actually.

Ɛshɔmɔ́ doí apá? Ɛákʉ? He has actually gone

long ago. Is it right? (W).

a-doikí

In some suffixed forms: a-doikín. [North]: a-dokí. v. 1 • To

dive into; drop into or onto. This verb can be combined with aotikí 'to do on purpose'. Ɛtadóíkīō oltóô eŋúmótó; máítayú The pail has dropped into the well; let us get it out. Tádoikí eŋúmótó Drop into the well! 2 • To alight on.

a-doikinó To have fallen onto. áa-doikino v.pl v.dat v.mid. To fall into (fighting, etc.); fall onto; drop on to each other.

ol-dóínyó

Nom sg: ol-doinyó. Acc pl: il-doinyó. Nom pl: il-dóínyo.

Variant: dónyó. [North] Acc sg: l-dónyíó. [North] Nom sg: l-donyíó. [North] Acc pl: l-donyíó. [North] Nom pl: l-dónyio. n. 1 • Mountain,

hill.

Shɔ́mɔ ɛncʉ́mátá ɔ́ ldóínyó amʉ̂ nɨnyɛ́ etíī inkíshu. Go to the top of the hill because there the cows are. Ɛg ́ra aaparɛ́ oldóínyó aló arewú inkíshú. He is going alongside the hill to go and bring the cows. (W). 2 • [North] Maralal.

en-dóínyó Hill. See: l-

ówua [North] ‘Mountain’.

Ol-dóínyó Mára

n.prop.

This mountain got its name because it is dotted with shrubs and clumps of bushes.Name of a mountain near Ol-dóínyó ŋirô (lit: patchy/dotted mountain).

Ol-dóínyó ŋirô

mountain is situated near South Horr, Samburu District, Kenya. It is 9283 feet high.Mount Ng'iro.

Ol-dóínyó ɔ́ ́bɔ̄rr white).

n.prop. This

n.prop. Mt.

Ol-dóínyó ónyókíé

Kilimanjaro (lit: mountain which is

Nom sg: Ol-doinyó

ónyokie. n.prop. 1 • Mt. Suswa

(lit: mountain which-is-red). 2 • Name of a conspicuous hill about 20 km north-east of Magadi. On old maps this hill sometimes appears as Mt. Shelford, after one of the earlier engineers of the Magadi company.

a-dokí [North]

See: a-doikí ‘To

v.dat. [North]

go down’.

To go down into, go down through.

a-dokú v.dir. 1 • To overflow. Etuŋúáyiokí kʉlɛ́ naáyiará mɛtádokú. The milk that is boiling has been left to spill over.

a-dɔ́l

(Pk). 2 • To climb up over (eg. a fence) towards the point of reference. 3 • To come over a boundary, as a person from another tribe or Maa-speaking section. Óre apá peê eponú ɨLaikipíák áadokū, nɛ́mut ɨlMáásâ ̂. When the Laikipiak came over, they finished the Maasai. 4 • To visit a home at night. See: a-dookí ‘To visit at night’. 5 • [North] To be hysterical; have a seizure (esp. of warriors). This may describe the shaking of a warrior who is about to attack, but is blocked. See: a-rúá ‘To be hysterical’. [Chamus]: dol. PF: átóduá,

etodólūā. SUBJN (K): tóduaa. SUBJN (Pk): táduaa. v.prog. 1 • To see, behold. Kóre peê ɛ́dɔ̂l iyioó lósowuaní nɛ́arári áaɨsɨg. When the buffalo saw us, they ran away fleeing. (SN). Ág ́ra abikokí meéu amʉ̂ maló naá ɛ́ ́tʉ̂ adúarɛ. [ɛ̀ ̀tʉ̀] I am waiting for him to come because I cannot go without seeing him. (Pk). Átódúaa tɔ lpáyian. / ta lpáyian. I saw it on the man. (S). Átɔ́dúaa Tôm ɛgɨrá arewishó. I saw Tom when he was driving. (either actually driving, or learning to drive) (W). See: aɨŋɔ́r(r) ‘To see’.

watch out (for), take care (of). Tóduakákɨ ɛnâ gárrɨ mashɔ́mɔ ainyaŋú kʉlɛ́. Watch this car for me; I am going to buy milk. (W). Shɔ́mɔ t ́pɨka ilkeék ɛnk ́má n ́dɔ̄l aké m ́sʉláa ́nâ motí. Go put firewood in the fire and take care so that you do not knock over the pot. (Pk). Tóduaa (va: táduaa) aké m ́sʉlakínó atúá engúmótó. Take care lest you fall into a hole. (Pk). Táduaa amʉ̂ kéítóki taá 2 • To

awoyú. Take care because it will bleed again. (Pk). Táduaa ́lɔ̂ sóít m ́k ̄bātāt. Take care so that you do not fall because of that stone. (Pk). 3 • To think, perceive, forsee on the basis of a collection of cues. Etódúá K ́mɛlɨ ajó kégól ɛntɛmatá. Kimeli perceived that the test would be hard. (W). Átódúaa ajó káabatát ɛná báɛ̂ tɛnáās I have foreseen that this issue will stumble me if I do it.

a-ɨtɔdɔ́l To show s.o. sth. a-ɨtɔdɔlʉ́ To talk around sth. without wanting to say it (fo:lit: to make s.o. see it).

a-dɔlɨshɔ́ To see; be able to see. a-dɔlɨcɔ́ [North] 1 • [North] To be able to see. 2 • [North]

To have one's period.

a-dɔlishoré To see with. Kíata ɨnkɔnyɛ́k nikídolishóre. We have eyes to see with.

a-duaayá

v.dir. 1 • To

2 • Realize.

see going away; see off.

Óre aké peê edúaya ajó ɛ́táshálá... If she

realizes that she is getting old...

áa-duaa To be seen (sg); to see each other (pl). Etodúaatɛ. They saw each other.

a-duaarɛ́ To meet with. Áyíéú nádúáárɛ́ ɔláításhéíkínoni. I want to meet with the man in charge. a-dɔlʉ́ To see approaching. Todɔlʉ́! Watch out! Ɛdɔlʉ́n ̄. He is seen coming.

a-dolunoyú To be seen, be visible. Edolúnoyú. It is visible approaching. Medolúnoyú. It cannot be seen approaching. a-dɔlíé To see with/at. a-duaak ́ To see at, for. Mátoduaak ́! Let us watch for (s.o.)! a-duaak ́ olŋûr To feel sorry for (lit: to see mercy for).

a-duaak ́ olôm To feel envy for (lit: to see jealousy for). n-dólólít [North] n. [North] Long cylindrical club. See: ɔlcʉrtɛ́t ‘Cylindrical club’.

l-dondó [North]

Variant: l-dóndô. [North] Nom sg: l-donyó. [North] Acc

pl: l-dóndóî. n. [North]

n-dónyíó [North]

Shrew; elephant shrew.

[North] Nom sg: n-donyíó. [North] Acc pl: n-donyíó.

[North] Nom pl: n-dónyio. n. [North]

Hill, esp. if isolated. dóínyíó ‘Mountain’; sʉgʉ́mɛ [North] ‘Hillock’.

See: ol-

a-dookí In some suffixed forms: a-dookín. v. 1 • To climb over to. Káadookí. He will climb over it (eg. a mountain) to me. 2 • To jump over into. Edoóki olówuaru inkíshú tɛ bɔ́ɔ.

The beast will jump over (the fence) into the kraal to (get) the cows. Edoóki ́sááî aré. He will jump over into it for two hours. Áaitadoóki bɔɔ́. He will drop me into the kraal (eg. as in an elephant throwing me over the fence into the kraal). See: a-ipíd ‘To jump’. 2 • To move over to another village or place where one will no longer be visable. move to another home at night. Ɛshɔmɔ̂ áadooki ɛndâ áŋ áanya inkírí. They have gone at night to that home to eat meat. Ɛshɔmɔ́ ɔláyíóní adookí ɔlɨkâ ̂ tɛ nkâŋ ɛ́nyɛ. The boy has gone to visit the other ones in their home. (Pk). This has the connotation of s.o. "jumping over the fence", though one need not actually jump over any fence in order to visit. 3 • To

a-itodookí v.dat. To cause to pass over, hand over. n-dɔ́ɔŕ [North] Nom sg: n-dɔɔ́r. n. [North] Early morning grazing, before cattle are milked. grazing’.

a-dooríé

See: limô; línká; pɛ́rpɛr ‘Early

morning

go over by means of. adooríé ɔlcatá ɛnkárɛ́ To cross the water using the log. v.inst. 1 • To

find unexpectedly; "come across". Etadoórīē ɛnk ́tɛŋ modooní ɛnkárɛ̄.́ The blind cow has happened to find water. See: a-dooyó ‘To cross over’. 2 • To

l-dóórr [North]

[North] Thief.

n-dóótó [North] fight far. (S).

n-dɔ́ɔt́ ɔ́ [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-doórr. [North] Acc pl: l-dóórrí. n.

See: ɔl-apúrroni ‘Thief’. n. Far.

Kɛ́ār nkíyôk ndóótó. An ear can

[North] Nom sg: n-dɔɔtɔ́. n. [North]

range south of the South Horr-Marsabit road.

a-dooyó

The mountain

v. 1 • To

climb over; move to the other side of sth. where one is no longer visable; go over the horizon. 2 • To overflow. 3 • To visit a village at night. 4 • [North] To set (of the sun).

a-itadooyó To throw over. n-dorokó [North] [North] Nom sg: n-dóroko. [North] Acc pl: n-dorokôn. n. [North]

ɛn-dɔrɔ́n

Edible fruit of the Cordia tree.

Corida.

Nom sg: ɛn-dɔ́rɔn. n.sg. 1 • Redness. See: a-dɔ́ ‘To

2 • Rust.

be red’.

3 • [North]

Meat when still raw. See: in-kírí ‘Meat’. 4 • [North] Avoidance term for meat.

n-dɔ́rɔ́tɔ́ [North]

Variant: n-dórótó. [North] Nom sg: n-dɔrɔtɔ́. [North] Acc

pl: n-dɔrɔ́t. [North] Nom pl: n-dɔ́rɔt. n. [North]

Bare ground; completely denuded soil. See: ɔl-pʉrâ ‘Bare ground’.

a-dorú In some suffixed forms: dorun. To redden. See: a-dɔ́ ‘To be red’. n-dorúno [North] [North] Nom sg: n-dóruno. n. [North] Red sky of sunset or sunrise.

l-dórróp [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-dorróp. [North] Acc pl: l-dórrópú,

dórrópí. [North] Nom pl: l-dorropí. n. 1 • [North] Upper arm. 2 • [North] Humerus bone.

l-

dɔ́rrɔ́p

Nom sg: dɔrrɔ́p. Acc pl: dórrópú. Nom pl: dorropú. [North] Acc

pl: dórrópú,

dórrópí. adj. 1 • Short in height, length; brief in temporal duration. ɔlpayíán dɔ́rrɔ́p the short man. ɛmbáíkínó dɔ́rrɔ́p a short visit. Mará dɔ́rrɔ́p. I am not short. (W). Ɛ ́dɔ̄rrɔ̄p ɛnkáyíóní aláŋ ɔlpayíán kákɛ eadó tɛ nkɛráí. The boy is shorter than the man but taller than the child. 2 • [North] Poor. See: en-dórrópó ‘Shortness’; kinyí ‘Small, young’.

ɛn-dɔ́rrɔ́p sésên

Nom sg: ɛn-dɔrrɔ́p

sésên. Acc pl: ɨn-dórrópú séséni. Nom pl: ɨn-dorropú séséni. n.f. 1 • Deceased uncircumcised girl (lit: short body). 2 • Deceased woman, of the age to have children (though possibly still without children). The principle idea is that the woman did not live her life fully; she did not have all the children she should have (though she might have had some children). See: ɛmasáɨtâ ‘Deceased man in prime of life’; ɛn-taŋátaŋâ ‘Deceased old woman’; ɔl-kɨmá ́ta ‘Deceased old man’; ɔlá ́mówúárani ‘Deceased uncircumcised boy’.

n-dórrópīcō [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-dorrópīcō. n. 1 • [North]

Abbreviation, shortening. 2 • [North] Poverty, lack. See: dɔ́rrɔ́p ‘Short’.

en-dórrópó Nom sg: en-dorropó. n. Shortness. See: dɔ́rrɔ́p ‘short’. a-dorropú v.incep. To become short. a-dót v. 1 • To weed (a field); remove weeds. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian adót ɛnkʉrmá adotú endíátí. The man is cleaning the field of weeds.

See: a-s

́p ‘To thoroughly clean’.

strip off the outer skin layer. adót osésen To strip off (the outer skin layer from) a body. 2 • To

pull apart. adót ɔlkɛ́mpɛ To pull apart a hoe (ie. separate the stick from the metal). 4 • To exchange an original idea, belief, or plan for a radically 3 • To

different one. Édót entúmo, moókīrē áâ Naɨrɔ́bɨ. He will change the meeting; it will no longer be in Nairobi. 5 • (of a defendant) To successfully argue in favor of one's self, such that the complainant's case, which was originally presumed to be correct, is dismissed or rejected as wrong. Usage: law. ɛ́tádótó ɔlmʉrraní ɨmbáa naátejokí tɛ ntúmô (i)The warrior has successfully argued in favor of himself whatever has been said about him in the meeting. (ii)The warrior has changed whatever has been said in the meeting. Etymology: From Proto-Eastern-Nilotic, from Central Sudanic *-ɗɔ 'to weed' (C. Ehret 2003:149, "Language Contacts in Nilo-Saharan Prehistory." Language Contacts in Prehistory, Studies in Stratigraphy, ed. by Henning Andersen, 135-157. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.). Note: This

same argument structure as a-púrr 'to steal from'

a-dotó

v.mid. To

a-dotú

v.dir. To

verb is of the

be stripped off of the outer skin layer; have the skin off. Ɛtadóte ɛnkɛ́ráí ɛnkaɨná The (outer layer of) skin of the child's hand has come off.

take out, uproot, pull out, remove (eg. a pot from the fire); pluck (eg. chicken feathers, hair). Edotú. He will take it out / pull it out. Edotúni It will be pulled out. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian adotú endíáti tɛ nkʉ́rmā. The man is uprooting the weeds from the field.

a-dotoó v.dir. To uproot sth. planted firmly in the ground. a-dóú v. To descend towards the point of reference; come down, climb down.

a-itodóú

1 • To

bring down from a high place. 2 • To demote.

a-doyíó v. 1 • To go down; drop down, descend. Edóyio ɛnkɔ́lɔŋ ɛ́naakɛ́. The sun goes down (sets) everyday. May include going from a high land to a low land (eg. toward Mombasa from Nairobi). 2 • To go south (eg. to Tanzania from Kenya).

3 • [North]

ascend.'.

To go east, toward the sunrise. See notes at a-ɨlɛ́p, 'to

decrease in intensity. Ɛg ́ra adoyíó ɛnyɔratá. Love is decreasing. 4 • To

become worse. Ɛg ́ra olkúáâk adoyíó. His behavior is becoming worse. Kótodóyie ɛlɛ́ tʉ́ŋání. The man has descended. (S) The man (eg. his health) has gotten worse. (S). 5 • To

a-itadoyíó

drop sth. 2 • [North] To rest. 3 • [North] To cause to come down. See: a-bórī ‘To be at or move to a lower level’; a-ɨlɛ́p ‘To go up, west’.

en-dóyíórotó

1 • To

Nom sg: en-doyíórotó. Acc pl: in-doyiorót. Nom pl: in-

dóyiorót. n. 1 • Going down. endóyíórotó ɛ́ nkɔlɔ́ŋ The going down of the sun (ie. sunset). Káyíéú endóyíórotó aló Suswa I want to go down to Suswa (i.e from Nairobi). See: adoyíó ‘To go down’; a-dooyó ‘To set (of the sun)’. 2 • West.

́ taguatʉ́ inkeék ɔl-drâm Variant: ol-dam. n. Drum. Ɛn naáoshíéki ɔldrâm. Carve the sticks that are going to be used to beat the drum. (Pk). Borrowed word: English 'drum'. See: olwúlul ‘Drum’; o-sínkólīō ‘Drum’; n-câ [Chamus] ‘Drum’.

a-dúá

[North]: a-duá,

a-dúá. [àdúá, àdwá] In some suffixed forms: a-dúár. v.s. 1 • To be bitter in taste; be sour. Ɛdúá ɔlcáni lɛ́ nkɔjɔŋáni. The medicine for malaria is bitter. Ɛdúá ɛndáā ná ́rragá ɨnkɔ́lɔŋɨ kúmōk. The food that has laid for many days is bitter. Kédúá sháŋaá. Whiskey is bitter. See: enduarán ‘Bitterness’. be overly sweet, so as to be disagreeable. Kɛ́dúá ɛná shái tɛ súkári. This tea has too much sugar. 2 • To

be angry, bitter, hot-tempered. ɔltʉŋáni odúá a mean, bitter, hot-tempered person. 3 • To

4 • [Chamus]

a-duarú

To be envious.

v.incep. To [kétódwárá]

become bitter. Kétódúárá. It became bitter.

a-duaá Note: This word is rarely used in this formv.mid. To be seen. Moókīrē ɛɨd ́m olpurrishóí atupúrrisho amʉ̂ edúaa. The thief can no longer be able to steal because he is seen. See: a-dɔ́l ‘To see’.

a-duaak ́

see as s.o. does sth. aduaak ́ atûâ ají To see him as he gets into the house. See: a-dɔ́l ‘To see’. v. To

a-duaarɛ́ [North]: a-duarɛ́. [àdwàrɛ́] v.mid v.inst. 1 • To see s.o.; meet with. Káyīēū nádúāārɛ̄ olkitók le sukúul. I want to see the principal of the school. 2 • To interview. See: a-dɔ́l ‘To see’.

en-dúáátá

Variant: en-dúátá. Acc pl: in-duaát. Nom pl: in-duaát. [North] Acc

sg: n-dúáátá. [ndwáátā] [North] Nom sg: n-duaatá. [North] Acc pl: n-duaát. n.

seen or viewed; appearance. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aituŋeikí ɔlɨkâ ̂ endúáátá tɔrrɔ́nɔ̂. The man is discouraging the other from doing sth. evil. (Pk). 2 • Point of view, opinion. 1 • Sth.

view, vision. ɛndúáátá ɔ lápa The sighting of the moon. See: a-dɔ́l ‘To see’; a-duaá ‘To be seen’. 3 • Sighting,

a-duaayá

[North]: a-duaya. [àdwàyá] v. 1 • To

see sth. as it goes away; see off. aduaayá ɔlɔmɔ́nɨ mɛshɔ́mɔ to see the guest as he goes away. 2 • [North] To see as s.o. or sth. goes away.

see sth. far away. Náduaáya olowuarú ɛ́j ́ŋ ́tâ ɔ́sánâg. And then I saw a beast getting into the thicket. 4 • To watch s.o. in order to learn to be more like that person; emulate. Tóduááī ɔlá ́tɛ́ŋɛ́nani linó. Imitate your teacher. See: a-dɔ́l ‘To see’. 3 • To

en-duarán

Nom sg: en-dúárán. n. 1 • Bitterness,

as of coffee, certain

leaves and fruits. Mɛɨshɔ́rʉ enduarán ɛnyá ́ ɛnâ dáa. You cannot eat this food because of its bitterness. 2 • Meanness (of people); bitterness, resentment. See: ɛsayíét ‘Cruelness’.

ɔl-dʉ́ka

Nom sg: ɔl-dʉ́kâ. Acc pl: ɨl-dʉ́kaí. Nom pl: ɨl-dʉ́kaí. [Purko] Acc pl: ɨl-

dʉ́kayí. n. A shop.

Ɛshɔmɔ́ olkirikóí aiwúsh tɔɔ́ ldʉ́kayí. The loiterer has gone to loiter in the shops. Borrowed word: Swahili duka; from Arabic dukaan 'shop'. See: pʉnʉ́ka [North] ‘Town’.

a-dʉkɛnyá v. 1 • To hesitate, be timid, fearful. ɔltʉŋáni ɔdʉkɛ́nya person who is timid, fearful. 2 • To

dʉ́kʉ́ny1

be tired, weary.

Nom sg: dʉkʉ́ny. Acc pl: dúkúnyí. Nom pl: dukunyí. adj. 1 • Short.

Usage: insulting;

humorous. 2 • Sth. that looks like ɛndʉ́kʉ̄ny.

ɛn-dʉ́kʉ́ny2

short calabash for holding or drinking beer (once it's been brewed). See: en-kúkúrí ‘Calabash’; ɛ-mála ‘Brewing gourd’.

ɛn-dʉkʉ́ya

n. A

Nom sg: ɛn-dʉ́kʉya. Acc pl: ɨn-dʉkʉyaní. Nom pl: ɨn-

dʉ́kʉyaní. n. 1 • The head of a person or animal. Etíí ɨlpap ́t ɛndʉkʉ́ya ó ltʉŋáni. There is hair on the head of the man. endúkúya ɛ́ lʉ́kʉ́nyá [ɛ́lʉkʉnya] forehead (W -K). 2 • The front (of a crowd, a line, front rows of students in a classroom); the "front" of a car where the driver and bonnet are oriented; the entrance to an ɛnkaj ́ 'house'. Ɛɨtáshɛ

ɔláígúɛ́nání tɛ dʉ́kʉya entúmo. The chief is standing in front of the meeting. 3 • First in ranking (eg, head of the class, the top of a list).

Ɛnkɛ́ráí ŋɛn nátií dʉkúya ɨnkulíe tɛ súkuúl ɛ́nyɛ̄. The bright child is first in his school.

in order. enkitók ɛ dʉkʉ́ya First wife (first married; not first in preference or in priviledge). 5 • Head of a bed (or bedroom), where a person's head usually rests. 4 • First

6 • Before.

peyíê étûm aáwa iyíóók dʉkʉ́ya ɔlaitóriani

so that he could take us before the Lord (C).

tɛ dʉ́kʉya in front (of). See: a-iturúk ‘To precede’; ɛlʉ́kʉ́nyá ‘Head’; ɛn-aɨsʉ ́ ‘Head’; en-kúé ‘Head’.

dʉkʉ́ya Nom sg: dʉ́kʉya. n.r. 1 • Ahead. Nélo aké n ́nyɛ Menyé dʉkʉ́ya ɛgɨrá aké n ́nyɛ arrɛtɛn olêŋ He, the Father, went ahead preparing everything.

[North] Before. peyíê étûm aáwa iyíóók dʉkʉ́ya ɔlaɨtɔ́riani so that he could take us before the Lord (C). 2 • Before;

ɛn-dʉkʉ́ya ɛ́ nkárɛ́

edge of flowing water. lɛ́ nkárɛ́ [North] ‘Leading edge of flowing water’.

en-dúlé

n. Leading

See: l-ɔɨŋɔ́nɨ

Nom sg: en-dulé. Acc pl: in-dúlên. Nom pl: in-dulén. [North] Acc

sg: n-dʉ́lɛ́. [North] Nom sg: n-dʉlɛ́. [North] Acc pl: n-dʉ́lɛ̂n. [North] Nom pl: n-

dʉlɛ́n. n. Flute, reed flute.

a-dʉ́m v.prog. To steal and drink milk (mostly by warriors). Eétuo ɨlmʉ́rrân áadʉm ɛnkají métíī ɛnɔ́pɛny. Warriors have come to steal and drink milk when the owner is not there.

a-dʉmaá

pick up and carry away; take. 2 • [North] To push. See: a-dʉ́m ‘To steal and drink milk’; adʉmʉ́ ‘To pick up’; a-rrúm ‘To push’.

a-dʉmʉ́1

v.dir. 1 • To

In some suffixed forms: a-dʉmʉ́n. v.dir. To

collect; pick up, lift up.

Tʉ́dʉmʉ́ ɔlmaisurí! Pick up the banana! Tɛ néōshī tɛ manyatá esékékua nɛ́dʉ̄mʉ̄ ɨlmʉ́rrân pɔ́ɔk ̄ ̄ ɨnarɛ́ta ɛnyɛ̂. When a trumpet is blown in the ceremonial village, all the warriors pick up their weapons. Nɛ́dʉ̄mʉ̄ ɨlártatí ɔ́ ɨlkɨlánī ɔ áre They will pick up two ceremonial sticks and robes. Tɛ́ bɔ́ɔ átúdúmua. I collected it outside. (Pk). N ́dʉmʉ́ emodíêî oó nkíshú. You (will) pick up cow dung. Nɛ́dʉmʉn ́ ɛnáíshó najî ɛnk ́rɔ́rɛ́t. They get beer called the "talking one" [for marriage negotiations]. See: adʉ́m ‘To steal milk’; a-rrapʉ́ [North] ‘To pick up, lift’; a-ɨlɛ́p ‘To climb’.

a-dumunyíé To use for picking up. a-dʉmaá 1 • To pick up and carry off. 2 • To

sit on s.o. else's seat.

a-dʉmɨshɔ́ To steal. Ádʉ́m ̄shɔ̄. I can steal. a-dʉmʉ́2 In some suffixed forms: a-dʉmʉ́n. v. To jump up and down in a dance. Ɛdʉmʉ́ ɛlɛ̂ mʉrraní This warrior can jump high (higher than normal height). Kɛ́ ́dɨm ɛlɛ̂ áyíóní atʉdʉ́mʉ ɛ́sáâ nabô This boy can jump up and down for one hour. Note: Cf. a-dʉmʉ́(n) 'to pick up' Áaitudumúá osinkólio. The song has made me jump. Usage: See synonym list at a-ipíd 'To jump'. See: a- ́d ‘To jump’; a-itíám ‘To jump’; a-ɨpɨr ́ [North] ‘To jump’.

a-dʉmʉnyɛ́ v.mid. 1 • To set off on a journey. K ́dʉmʉ́nyɛ tɛldɛ́ ápâ áapuo America We will travel next month to go to America.

get up, wake up; arise. Ádʉ́mʉ́nyɛ tɛ ɛmpɔ́lɔ̄s ɛ́nkɛwarié aló bɔɔ́. I (habitually) wake up in the middle of the night to go out. Nɛ́dʉmʉ́nyɛ ɨntásatí áre ɛ́ ́na áŋ. Two old ladies of that home get up. 3 • To stand up. See: a-inyototó ‘To stand up’; a-dʉmʉ́ ‘To pick up’. 2 • To

ol-dundúla

Nom sg: ol-dúndula. Acc pl: ɨl-dundulaní. Nom pl: ɨl-

dúndulaní. n. Abnormally swollen navel. large navel’; ɔl-mʉkɔ́nyɔ ‘Swollen navel’.

a-dúŋ

See: súrúm ‘Abnormally

sever, cut into pieces. adúŋ ɛnkɛ́rr ɨlpáp ́t to sheer sheep (lt. to cut sheep the hairs) (W). Néduŋuní ɛncatá náádó. They cut (off) a long stick. adúŋ inkírí tɛ nkalɛ́m to cut meat using a knife. Máapɛ́ aké níkipuo áaduŋuduŋ ɨlɛ́nyɔ́k lɔɔ́ ɨlkɨdɔŋɔ́ lɔɔ́ isirkôn. Let's just go and cut into pieces hair from the donkies' tails. v.prog. 1 • To

cut into the surface of sth., make an incision. Áadûŋ n ́ncɛ. They will cut me. (W). Nɛ́atáɨ kʉl ́kā ̄ ɔɔŋâm enkíok nabô, néduŋ ɛnká ́. There are other people who notch one ear and they cut the other (to mark which animals are theirs). Edúŋīshō ɨnkálɛ́ma. The knives will cut (ie. they are sharp). 2 • To

divide into subgroups, partition. adúŋ inkíshú / ɨntárɛ́ i. to divide cows / goats+sheep from one herd into separate herds. ii. to paddock female cows / goats+sheep (so they cannot be impregnated). Separating female animals is particularly done in times of drought, when multiplication of a herd cannot be sustained. Some find it unnecessary to do this for cattle as their reproduction is naturally moderated in times of drought. 3 • To

Nɛ́ākʉ̄ naá óre peê epuonú iláshumpá áarʉ iyíóók, néduŋ naá kát aré. So when the Europeans came and

forced us out, they divided us into two. (This refers to the migration from the Northern part of Kenya. When the Maasai were forced out of their land, one group passed east of Mt.Kenya and other west.). Néduŋokí ɔlpáyian kítok ɨlapá tʉ́ŋánák lɛnyɛ́nāk. The old man divides (his wealth) to all his people. intersect, cross. adúŋ enkóítóí to cut across a path. adúŋ ingárrin to cut across a road where cars are travelling 4 • To

(lit: to cut cars). aitudúŋ engárri ingárrin To make one's car pass other cars. Médûŋ intóyîê áŋ ɔlɔsɨnkɔ́. Our girls do not cross the center of the home (kraal). 5 • [North] To take a shortcut. 6 • To stop a physical or metaphorical stream (eg. water, animals) from continuing to flow. adúŋ ɛnkárɛ́ to stop water from flowing. adúŋ ɨltáa ́ / ɔltáa to cause a power blackout. Nérukúnye aké ɨntáre. Néjokí "Túduŋo." Then just so many sheep and goats came out. He said, "Cut." (ie. stop the stream of animals from coming). Nérukúnye aké inkíshu. Óre aké peê éduŋ nkíshú... Cows just flowed out. Now when he stopped the (stream of) cows... 7 • To cease bearing children. interrupt or cease an ongoing activity. Kíntúdúŋo osínkólio. You have interrupted my song. (Pk). Átúduŋo osínkólio. I stopped singing (ie. I interrupted the song). Kéítúdūŋī táatá entítō táatá sukúul. The girl will be caused to miss school [due to early marriage]. adúŋ injíó to interrupt sleep. adúŋ esíáai to interrupt the work one has been doing. Usage: rude. Túduŋo lɛlɔ omón. Stop talking! Túduŋo ɨlɔ róréī. Stop talking! (Pk). Áaituduŋóo. He will become an obstacle to me accomplishing it. (lit: He/she will cause me to cut it away from myself.). Náaitudúŋ emoyíán darása. The disease made me miss the class (eg. for several weeks). (Pk). A class could also be 'cut' (ie. interrupted) by the teacher leaving in the middle of teaching, or a student leaving class before the lecture is finished. 8 • To

diminish, reduce sth. Eyéwuo olmórûô ɔ́ata esíle aɨsh ́r metúduŋokiní. The debtor has come to complain so that he may have the debt reduced. (lit: The old man who has a debt has come to complain so that it will be reduced for him.) 9 • To

(Pk).

perform; achieve; do. Imíkíntókīnī doí áaduŋie ɨntaléŋo. You will no longer be a participant (do anything) in the ceremonies. Káa doí ídúŋíto tené? What are you doing here? adúŋ ɨntɔná to do a specific piece of work required to be done as a duty (lit: To cut the roots). 10 • To

decide. Kítuduŋô áajo peê kípûô Karen We have decided to go to Karen. 11 • To

a-duŋíé

cut with. 2 • [North] To cut out in a given manner.

a-duŋó

1 • To

be cut off or severed completely (eg. a string; a rubberband from too much stretching). 2 • To be stopped, dry up (eg. water from flowing, woman from giving birth).

a-duŋoó

v.mid. 1 • To

cut off, cut away (eg. a necklace). 2 • To leave behind, exclude. Usage: Metaphorical. 3 • To get an alternative rather than use what has been spared for future use. 4 • [North] To isolate, fence off (eg. a cow). 5 • [North] To be trapped inside sth.

a-duŋú

v.dir. 1 • To

v.dir. 1 • To

cut out. 1 • To cut for one's self. 3 • To cross over toward the point of reference. 4 • To decide to give false information. 5 • [North] To save (a portion of one's animals) by good husanding through a drougth (etc.).

a-duŋokinó v.apl v.mid. [North] To be short of some commodity. a-duŋudú, a-duŋdúŋ[Nōrth] 1 • To cut to pieces. 2 • To cut repeatedly. Níkiduŋuduŋ. We shall cut it into pieces.

a-dúŋ osínkólīō To compose. a-dúŋ síádí [North] [North] To see s.o. in the distance but continue on one's way without meeting.

a-dúŋ enkigúɛ́na

Usage: legal. This

may involve simply making a decision, without sentencing anyone.To decide a matter, by a recognized authority such as a judge or arbitrator.

a-duŋokí enkigúɛ́na This involves handing down a decision with a sentence, which could range from a fine to being sentenced to death.To sentence (for a crime); condemn. Néíguɛnáreki, néduŋokiní enkigúɛ́na ɨncɛ́rɛ kégorí. He was charged, he was sentenced in the law case that he would be hanged.

a-dúŋ induŋéta ɛ́ ráshé To say a proverb. Népōnū áaduŋokino induŋéta ɛ́ ráshé They come to say proverbs.

a-duŋíé raché [North] [North] To become a proverb. a-dúŋ ɛnkárná To select a name for, give a name to. Meékūrē kímpótíéki ́nâ árná níkímpótíéki apá ɨrá entítō; níkípónúnūī áaduŋoki ɛnkárná níkímpótie ɨnkɛ́râ. You are no longer called by the name you were called when you were a girl; you come to be given a name that children will call you by. (ie. when you are married).

a-duŋó táʉ v.mid. To die (lit: To be cut to the heart). a-dúŋ ɛnkɔ́p 1 • To divide land into sections (one's own land into paddocks using fencing, or to be owned by various people). 2 • To go on a very long treck (ie. to go so far that one is separated far from where others are and they cannot catch up). Kóreê Leonard? Etúdúŋō dúóó ɛnkɔ́p. Where is Leonard? He has gone far away.

a-dúŋ ɛnkɔ́lat To do a specific piece of work required to be

done.

a-dúŋ ɨlɔmɔ́n To make a resolution. a-dúŋ enkigúɛ́na To give a verdict. See: a-ŋ ́c [Chamus] ‘To cut’; en-duŋóti ‘A piece’; en-duŋét ‘Knife, decision’.

a-dúŋ síádí

go to the opposite direction, leaving those with whom one is supposed to walk do things. See: a-iŋuáá ‘To leave’.

en-duŋét

v. To

Nom sg: en-dúŋet. Nom pl: in-dungétā;

in-duŋetá. Acc pl: in-

́ dúŋeta. n. 1 • Knife. Ɨyaʉ́ enduŋét mátuduŋie ɛnâ kiriŋó. Bring a knife that we can use to cut this meat.

enduŋét ɔɔ́ mbáa a resolution. See: a-dúŋ ‘To cut’. en-duŋét ɛ́ ráshé Nom sg: en-dúŋet ɛ́ ráshé. Acc pl: in-duŋéta ɛ́ 2 • Decision.

ráshé. Nom pl: in-dúŋeta ɛ́ ráshé. [North] Acc sg: n-duŋét ɛ rácɛ́. n.phrase. Proverb, wise saying; reference (lit: the cutting of the hide). A long time ago, elders made in-duŋéta ɛ́ ráshé. This happens at a ceremony where everybody is called to come and witness the 'cutting of the hide'. The cutting is done only when a certain issue has been proved to be the truth and will never change. The event becomes a reference. Ɛt́ áá apá ɨnâ báɛ̂ enduŋét ɛ́ ráshé. That thing has become a proverb (a reference).

a-duŋó taʉ

die (lit: to be cut (as to) the heart). dúŋ ‘To cut’; ɔl-táʉ́ ‘Heart’.

en-duŋón

v.mid. To

See: a-

Nom sg: en-duŋón. n.sg. Craving

for sth. by a pregnant woman. Kɛ́áta enkítok nánʉ̄tā enduŋón. The pregnant woman has a craving for sth. See: ŋamán [North] ‘Craving for sth. by a pregnant woman’.

ol-dúŋórét n. Last

Nom sg: ol-duŋorét. Acc pl: il-dúŋóreta. Nom pl: il-duŋóreta.

born child.

Ant: ɔl-kɨkáʉ́

‘First born’. See: a-dúŋ ‘To cut’.

en-dúŋórét Last born girl. en-dúŋórotó Nom sg: en-duŋórotó. Acc pl: in-duŋorót. Nom pl: in-

dúŋorót. n. 1 • Partition; small sub-fence used within a large fence (ol-pááshé) (lit: the cutting off). K ́naʉrátɛ amʉ̂

k ́nkarrâ ɔlpááshíé néméékūrē kɨnd ́m áaɨkarrá endúŋórotó. We are tired because we have fenced the fence and we will are no longer able to fence the partition. 2 • Compound created by a partition within a larger compound. endúŋórotó oó sirkôn Small compound for donkeys (not usually mixed with cows). point. Einépūā apá lɛ́lɔ̂ enduŋórotó ɛ́ ntɛ́mátá. Those were eliminated (found) by the cut-off point of the exam. See: a-dúŋ ‘To cut’. 3 • Cutting-off

en-duŋóti

Nom sg: en-dúŋoti. Acc pl: in-duŋót. Nom pl: in-duŋót. n.

Piece, portion. enduŋóti ɛ́ nkiriŋó piece of meat. enduŋóti oó nkishu small part of the herd.

ol-duŋóti Big piece (of meat). See: a-dúŋ ‘To cut’. en-dúŋótó Nom sg: en-duŋotó. Acc pl: in-duŋót. Nom pl: in-duŋót. n. 1 • Cutting

(of any kind). 2 • The division, cutting (eg. of spoils) into portions; a cut. 3 • Partitioning, as of land into individually-owned plots, a house into rooms, etc. ɨlmʉ́rran induŋót section of warriors. 4 • Gash.

Eímūā ɔsárgɛ endúŋótó ɔ́ lálɛ́m. Blood flowed

out of the gash made by the sword.

resolution. Éísīdāī ɨnâ duŋotó ɔ́ɔ lɔmɔ́n That resolution of the news (discussion) is good. See: a-dúŋ ‘To cut’. 5 • Decision;

dúóó1

Variant: duó. adv. 1 • Earlier

on the same day, some hours back. For S, Wagner (n.d., p. 176) writes that dúó means 'earlier today', while with a lengthened vowel dúóó means 'very early today'. Nɛ́ ̄m ́nâ óítóí nɛ́ ́tʉ dúóó ejokiní. He passed the way that he had earlier not been told (ie. told not to go). M ́ncɔ̄ k ́lɛ́j ́, amʉ̂ mɛáta ɔltʉŋáni ójô etubúlūā dúóó. Do not let anyone deceive you, because no one knows when he grows. 2 • Any

longer. Kálɔ ári apá ɨlɔ̂? Imeékūrē dúóó ayíólo.

Which year was that? I no longer know it.

mentioned; relevant. Néponunûî áaranyɨshɔ tɛ́nâ dúóó áji And people come to sing in the relevant house. See: Pronouns-Demonstratives. Ant: adé ‘Later on in the day’. See: ɔl-adúóó ‘Previously mentioned one’; táatá ‘Today’; anapârr [North] ‘Today’. 3 • Previously

a-dʉ́p

v v.aux. 1 • To

be effective in doing sth. and do it well; competent; have good ability to. adʉ́p inkírí (i) To be able to chew meat (ii) To be able to cut meat. adʉ́p imbúkuí To be able to read books. adʉ́p atedíaa To be able to curse (ie. sth. unpleasant will be sure to follow). adʉ́p atamayíána To be able to bless (ie. sth. pleasant will be sure to follow). Kádʉ́p eyíérárɛ́. I really know how to cook very well. See: a-ɨd ́m ‘To be able’. 2 • To affect the bowels so they excrete or evacuate; purge. Restrict: food, medicine. Áatʉdʉpá ɔlcáni. Medicine has purged me. 3 • To

confirm. See: a-rót ‘To purge’.

a-dʉpɨshɔ́ To be proficient, able in doing sth. (typically sth. that affects a patient, like chewing meat, cutting trees, witchcraft, inducing pain in others).

a-ɨtʉdʉ́p To cause to effect; make effective. See: a-ɨtʉdʉ́p ‘To make effective; kindle a fire with live fire’.

a-dʉpá v.mid. 1 • To be effective, reliable, dependable. ɔltʉŋáni ɔdʉ́pa reliable, dependable person. Káadʉpá ɛnkɛráí. My child is dependable.

be efficient. ɔltʉŋáni ɔdʉ́pa (i) person who is efficient (ii) person who is effective. 2 • To

abound. Kɛ́dʉ́pa ɛlɛ́ lɛ́ɛ náa sídáí shoréísho ɛ́nyɛ. This man is great and his friendliness is good. (Pk). See: a-dʉ́p ‘To affect’. 3 • To

ɛn-dʉpâî1

Nom sg: ɛn-dʉ́pai. Acc pl: ɨn-dʉpá. Nom pl: ɨn-dʉ́pa. n. Sisal

plant.

Sansevieria intermedia, Sansevieria robusta. Kéuní

ɛndʉpâî tɛ

Tanzania. Sisal is planted in Tanzania. In the Samburu area, this is often used in making roof mats or in tying sticks when making a house.

ɛn-dʉpâî2

trait of being dependable or reliable. Enótō olórika tɛ nkárak ́ ɛndʉpâî ɛnyɛ́. He got the seat because of his dependability. See: a-dʉpá ‘To be reliable’.

a-dʉpak ́

Nom sg: ɛn-dʉ́pai. n.sg. The

v. 1 • To

mount, mate. Usage: primarily animals. 2 • [North] To follow. See: a-sʉ́j ‘To follow’; a-rʉbarɛ́ ‘To walk with’.

n-dʉ́pia [North] n. [North] Unsweetened tea. a-dupó v.mid. To prosper; benefit. Átúdúpe tɛná síáai. I have benefited from this work.

a-dupoyú To be prosperous; benefit from. (en-)dúpótó n. Favor, goodness. n-dûr [North] n. [North] African pied wagtail. See: n-cekût [North] ‘Yellow wagtail (non-breeding)’.

ol-dúruk

Acc pl: il-dúruki. Nom pl: il-dúrúki. n. 1 • Uncleanness;

dirt,

impurities. Meishópōyū ɛnâ k ́lâ amʉ̂ kétīī ildúrúki. This cloth cannot be worn because there are stains on it.

Óre ɛ́nk ́p ́rtâ ɛ́na kérr náa ɛnɛ́lɛdúruk lɛ́ntɔ́mɔ́nɔ́n ̄ lɛ́mɛ̄ ̄shɔ̄ ɛnyɨkak ́ ɔlɛ́ɛ.̂ The reason for this 2 • Defilement.

sheep is the uncleanness of the woman who has just given birth which does not allow men to keep close to her. See: a-idurúk ‘To be unclean’.

n-dʉ̂rr [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-dʉ̂rr. [North] Acc pl: n-dʉ́rri. [North] Nom

pl: n-dʉ́rrî. n. [North]

Stonechat (bird).

Saxicola torquata.

a-dʉ́t v.prog. 1 • To choose, select. Tʉ́dʉ́ta nkitábu kíní oó nkítok. Choose either this book or the big one. (S). Tʉ́dʉ́ta nkitábu o ncáset. Choose either the book or the cassette. (S). Túdútie nkitábu ncáset. Choose either the book or the cassette. (S). Túdútie nkitábu kíní nkítok. Choose either this book or the big one. (S). Tʉ́dʉtá aná saé ɔ́ ána nká ́. Compare this (string of) beads with this other (to choose the ́ tʉ́dʉ̂t kʉná saɛ̂n. You (pl) choose one you want). (SN). Ɨdʉ́ among these beads. (SN). 2 • To compare. 3 • [North] To bite (like a hyena biting another animal).

a-dʉtaá To choose, select; prefer more than. Kádʉ́táa aló sukúul aláŋ tɛnátɔ̄n tiâŋ. I will choose going to school than staying at home.

a-dutíé To prefer. amʉ̂ ɔltáʉ́ láí aké ádútíé because it's second to my heart.

a-ɨtʉdʉ́t

1 • To

cause to choose from two or more options.

2 • To

compare.

ɔl-dʉ́ta ́ n. Boil. Mmetumóki ɛná áyíóní atɔtɔ́na aɨtɔbɨrak ́ amʉ̂ ɛ́t ́j ́ŋá ɔldʉ́ta ́ ɔltúlii This boy cannot sit well because he has a boil on his buttock. (Pk).

n-dʉ́tátá [North] See: a-dʉ́t ‘To

ɔl-dʉtʉtâî

[North] Nom sg: n-dʉtatá. n. [North]

choose’.

Selection.

Nom sg: ɔl-dʉ́tʉtâî. Acc pl: ɨl-dʉtʉtá. Nom pl: ɨl-dʉ́tʉta. [North]

Nom pl: ɨl-dʉ́tʉtá. n. Swelling

on the body that contains pus; boil. Kémé ɔldʉ́tʉtâî ɔ́ɨmʉ enkumé. A boil on the nose is painful. See: ol-gúsa ‘Swelling’.

E-e e Letter representing the Maa front central advanced tongue root (+ATR) vowel /e/. ɛ Letter representing the Maa front central non-advanced tongue root (-ATR) vowel /ɛ/. ɛ-1 gen. Feminine singular gender prefix; variant of ɛn- that occurrs before continuant consonants (s, l, r, y, yi, w, wu) and nasals (m, n, ŋ). Óre ɛyɨkái ɛ́lɛ dóínyó náa á ́tɔrrɔ́nɔ̂. The elevation of this hill is bad. See: ɛn-1.

ɛ-2 ɛ-

-ɛ1

ewúéji nɛmánya Ole Sokoine a place where Ole Sokoine lives (KS). Népōnū ɨlmʉ́rrân enetíī.

Variant: e-. pn.b. Pronominal prefix for relative clauses designating a location; place where. The warriors come to where he is.

Variant: e-; é-; a-; á-; ɔ-. pn.b. Bound pronoun on verbs indicating third person subject and no object (intransitive verbs); or third person subject with third person or plural object (transitive verbs). Káke ɛshál ɛnâ áyíóní. But this boy is very weak. Ɛtɛmɛ́ratɛ ɨlpáyianí The men got drunk. Etuŋúáyie inkíshú ɨná kítok. That woman has left the cows. (W). PL PF:: -atɛ, -ɔ́tɛ. voi. Perfect(ive) Middle voice suffix. With Class 1 roots it co-occurs with the prefix tV-;

Óre adé aké peê ɛakʉ́ ɛɨd ́pɛ pɔ́ɔk ̄ ̄ tókî... When everything has been finished... Ɛrɔ́k ómom Pita amʉ̂ ɛtáláíkíne ayáma ́nâ títō. Pita is unfortunate because he was not able to woo that girl. (W). Ɛtɨg ́lɛ ɔlálai lâî. My tooth broke. (W). Ɛtɨg ́latɛ ɨlalá láinêî. My teeth broke. (W). Ká ́wɔtɨwɔ́tɛ I have been infected. (S). See: with Class 2 roots it occurs alone.

a1 ‘Nonperfective Middle suffix’; -o ‘Perfect(ive) Middle voice suffix’.

-ɛ2

Variant: -yɛ; -yie. asp. Variant of the Perfect(ive) aspect suffix which occurs after the directional -ʉ́(n).

Nɛ́ɨshʉ́nyɛ. It (the story) has ended. Néshukunyíêî (People) come back (inside). See: a1 ‘Nonperfect(ive) Middle suffix’.

ɛ́2

Variant: é; ɛ. psr.prt. Of; possessor (Genitive) particle which occurs between possessed and possessor nouns, indicating that the possessor is Singular. The possessive form codes a range of semantic relations, including ownership, part-whole, composing substance, type, partitive, etc. Áyíéú ɛnâ búku ɛ

Tôm. I need this book of Tom's. (W). Áyíéú kʉnâ búkuí aré ɛ Tôm. I need these two books of Tom's. (W). entítō e Rónkēī daughter of Ronkei. Óre aké téípa nɛ́ ́dʉrr ɨnkɛ́ra e sukúul ɨndámunot. In the afternoon/evening, school children's minds wander. (lit: children of school thoughts migrate). Iyíólo oróréí lé emúá. Do you know the word emúá? (W). olórika lɛ kanísa the church's chair (W). olórika lé nkisóma the chair of education (W). Népūōnū ɨlɛ́ kʉ́ldɔ̄ apá ɔ́aarɨta ɔlarinkóí. Those (warriors) of the others came from the side where Olarinkoi was killing. Áísidaîn inkíaasîn ɛ́ lɛ̂ mʉ́rráni ɔɨdɨpá esíáai ɛnyɛ́. The works of this warrior who had finished his work are good. (Pk). Note: The possessor particle generally cliticizes to the following noun, assimilating to it in ATR quality. Tucker & Mpaayei (1955: 213) write it as a separate particle and we have followed that tradition. However, experienced native-speaker writers often write it as a contiguous element with the following word. See: ɔ́1 ‘Masculine singular possessive particle’; ɔɔ́ ‘Plural possessive particle’.

Possessives Particles with Pronominal Possessed Item ACCUSATIVE NOMINATIVE "the one (FSG) of the woman en-é n-kitók en-é n-kitók (FSG)" "the one (FSG) of the body ɛn-ɔ́ silân ɛn-ɔ́ silân (MSG)" (= deceased girl) "the one (FSG) of the tradition en-ó len-ó lkerretí kerretí (MSG)" "the one (FSG) of the houses ɛn-ɔɔ́ nkɛn-ɔ́ɔ nkájíjík ájíjík (FPL)" "the one (FSG) of the calves ɛn-ɔɔ́ l-ashɔ́ ɛn-ɔ́ɔ l-ashɔ́ (MPL)" in-é

n-kitók in-é

n-kitóḱ "those (FPL) of the woman (FSG)"

ɨn-ɔɔ́ nkakúí

ɨn-ɔ́ɔ

n-kakúí

ɔl-ɛ́

nk-ají

ɔl-ɛ́

nk-ají

ɔl-ɔ́

l-áshê

ɔl-ɔ́

l-áshê

ɔl-ɔɔ́ nkájíjík

ɔl-ɔ́ɔ nkájíjík

ɔl-ɔɔ́

ɔl-ɔ́ɔ

l-ashɔ́

ɨl-ɛ̂ kampuaní ɨl-ɔɔ́

l-ashɔ́

ɨl-ɛ́ kampuaní

mɛ́nyɛ̀́ ɨl-ɔ́ɔ

mɛ́nyɛ̀

"those (FPL) of the grandparents (FPL)" "the one (MSG) of the house (FSG)" "the one (MSG) of the calf (MSG)" "the one (MSG) of the houses (FPL)" "the one (MSG) of the calves (MPL)" those (MPL) of the company "those (MPL) of the fathers (MPL)"

ɛ́1

inter.prt. Contrastive

ɛ́-

Variant: é-; ɛ́n-; én-. pn.b. Imperative

focus question particle, preceding a ́ taré íyíéú anáā ilbitiró? Do you questioned noun. Ɛn want sheep and goats or warthogs? Óóói óóói ɛ́ nɨncɛ́ kʉná? Oooi oooi are these the ones?

plural verb prefix. Éíniniŋó ɔlɔɨrɔr ́ta! Listen to the one who is speaking! Lɔ́ mʉ́rrân,

ɛ́ntaanyúákɨ! Hey warriors, you all wait for me! See: m2

ɛbá ́kɨ

‘Subjunctive’.

go.

v.aux. Perhaps,

might, it may be. Ɛbá ́kɨ nílō. You might

ɛbá ́kɨ táatá Hitherto. See: a-baɨk ́ ‘To suffice, reach, visit, happen’.

l-ɛbárta [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ɛ́barta. n. 1 • [North]

Type of song sung for boys who are about to get circumcised, to mock them. 2 • [North] Song sung by boys around the time of their circumcision. See: l-aparasíyíó [North] ‘Song by women’; aɨbárt ‘To watch over’; ɔl-á ́bártani ‘Initiate’.

ecí [North] adv. [North] Usually. See: oshî ‘Usually’. eé interj. Affirmative interjection; yes. Néjo "Eé kɛ́s ́pa taá." He said, "Yes it is true.".

eé páé [North] Yes, of course. eé payé [South] Yes, of course! ɛɛ́- pn.b. Plural pronominal prefix for relative clauses designating a location; places where. Kéduŋóki aké ɨnkárn ánaa iwuejitín nɛɛ́manyá. They are given names according to eeítō eérō

eéto

the places they live. (KS). [North]: áíto. voc. Term

of address from a man to a circumcised man or agemate. Usage: Mostly used by an elderly person addressing a younger person.. See: eérō ‘Boy’. Acc pl: (l)óyîê. voc. Term

of address used by a man or another boy to an uncircumcised boy; or used between men of the same age-set. Eéro, sʉ́pa! Boy, hello! See: éro ‘Informal vocative greeting’; eeítō ‘Boy’; óyie ‘Boys (vocative)’. voc. Vocative

greeting used between men of the same age, or with a man younger than the speaker; 'you'. eéto ára ŋanía you of so-and-so (KS). Syn: éro ‘Informal vocative greeting used between men’.

en-egól ɛ́ nk ́ɔ́ɔk ́

[ènèɡól ɛ́ŋkɪ ̄ɔ̄ɔ̄ k̄ ] n. Hard

cartilage in the outer ear

which is cut out to make the lower ear hole in e-ségerua (lit: that which is hard of the ear). See: e-ségerua ‘Ear lobe’; agól ‘To be hard’.

ɛɨ- interj. Introdctory particle. See: áî ‘Introductory particle’. ɛ́ ́ŋā ̄ pn.inter. Who?, Who is it? Ɛ́ ́ŋā ̄ ɔ́ɔwá ɛnkɨlâ á ́? Who ɛɨtʉ́

took my cloth? v.aux. Negative

See: ŋá

́ ‘Who’.

perfect(ive) aspect auxiliary verb, indicating that sth. is not yet done or complete. This auxiliary does not inflect for person. Ɛɨtʉ́ ŋolé alotú esíái. I did not come to work yesterday. (Pk). Ɛɨtʉ́ áám ́rákɨ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. I did not sell you the cow. (W). Ɛɨtʉ́ k ́m ́rákɨ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. You did not sell me the cow. (W). Kóre peê éításhê, ɛɨtʉ́ ɛ́dɔ̂l ɔlásʉ́ráí. When he stopped, he didn't see the snake. (W). ́ dúāā inkíshú? Á'ā. Ɛɨtʉ́ adɔ́l káke átɔ́n ̄ŋɔ̄. Did Ɨtɔ́ you see the cows? No. I didn't see (them), but I heard (them). ́ dúāā inkíshú? Ɛɨtʉ́. Did you see the cows? No (I Ɨtɔ́ didn't see them). Ág ́ra abikokí meeû amʉ̂ maló naá ɛ́ ́tʉ̂ adúaarɛ. I am waiting for him to come because I cannot go without seeing him. (Pk). Kótūpūkūrō; ɛ́ ́tʉ́ eikén. She capped it; she didn't close it. (SN). Ɛáta ɨná

kɛráí ɛlʉ́kʉnyá amʉ̂ eipírríó sokóni néshukúnye ɛ́ ́tʉ̂ elo aɨmalɨmál. That child is responsible because she ran to the market and returned without going to goof off. (W). Shɔ́mɔ ɛɨtʉ́ ɛ́shá. Go before it rains.

ɛ-ɛ́ ́tʉ Not yet. See: ɛ-tɔn ɛɨtʉ ‘Before’; m-1 ‘Not’. ɛ ́tʉ adv. Not yet, yet. ejî v.pass. 1 • It is said (that...). Ejî óu enê. It is said come here. (Pk).

be named. Ejî Móríntát. He is called (named) Móríntát. (Pk). See: a-jó ‘To say’. 2 • To

a-ɛ́k

́ k weigh down, exhaust. Ɛɛ ́ . It will tire him. Áagɨrá ɛlɛ̂ bɛnɛ́ aɛ́k. This bag is weighing me down (exhausting me). Variant: a-yɛ́k. v. 1 • To

bore s.o. Moókīrē aás ɛnâ síaai amʉ̂ áatɛɛká. I am no longer going to do this work because it has bored me. Majó kíriamári sukúul amʉ̂ áɛ́k ̄shɔ̄. I don't think we will go to school (together) because I am boring. (eg. you won't enjoy my company) (W). Átɛ́ɛk ́ ʉ́nyɛ tɛnkárak ́ kʉlɔ̂ omón lɛnyɛ́nāk lɛ́mɛ́ ́shʉ́nyɛ. I am bored because of these words of his that don't end. 3 • To repeatedly bother; trouble; psychologically make uncomfortable. Áagɨrá ɛnâ kɛráí aɛ́k amʉ̂ kɛ́batáta ɛnaaké tɛ súkuul. This child is troubling me because he is failing everyday in school. Áatɛɛká ɛnâ gárrɨ amʉ̂ képukú ɛnkɛ́jʉ This car is troubling me because the wheel is getting (coming) off. 2 • To

a-ɛká

be bored. Áɛ́ka. I am bored. (W). Ɛɛ́ka. He is bored. (W). Átɛ́ɛk ́ ɛ. I have become bored. (W). ɔltʉŋáni ɔɛ́ka person who is bored. v.mid. To

a-ɨtɛɛ́k To bore down with. ɛká- pn.b. Variant of first person singular verb prefix á- (or a-). ɛ-ɛ́ka n. Boredom. Á ́bá ɛɛ́ka. I hate boredom. (W). See: a-ɛ́k ‘To ɛkɛ-

weigh down’.

pn.b. Alternative

form of third person bound pronominal ɛ-.

Óre oldía ɛkɛ́nyá ́ta apá ɨnkɨdɔŋɔ́ ɔɔ́ nkɛrrá áâ nɨnyɛ́ ɛndáâ. The dog used to eat the tail of sheep as its food. (KS). See: ɛ- ‘Third person subject prefix on verbs’.

ol-ekelél

Nom sg: ol-ékelél. n. 1 • Circle.

Let's stand on a circle. 2 • Steering

car.

ɔ-ɛ́kɛny

Máítashó to lékelél.

wheel. olekelél lɛ́ ngárri Steering wheel of a

Nom sg: ɔ-ɛ́kɛ̂ny. Acc pl: i-ekényī. Nom pl: i-ékenyí. [Purko] Acc

sg: ɔ-yɛ́kɛny. [Purko] Nom sg: ɔ-yɛ́kɛ̂ny. n. Baboon.

Ɛnap ́ta

ɔyɛ́kɛ̂ny ɛnkiyîô ɛnyɛ́. The baboon is carrying his baby. (Pk). See: ɔl-tʉ́lal ‘Baboon’; ɔl-k ́ma ‘Ape, baboon’; l-dírikány; lótim [North] ‘Baboon’; l-désí [Chamus] ‘Baboon’;

lɛ́nkʉ́rbany ‘Baboon’.

a-ɛkɛnyá v. To work hard, toil, struggle; be wearied. Ág ́ra aɛkɛnyá aɨd ́p esíáai ɛ́ ́tʉ̂ ɛ́mútû. I am struggling to ɛkɨɛ́k ́-

finish the work before dusk.

of second person bound pronoun ɨ-. Óre tɛnákatá ɛk ́ákʉ iyíé oldîâ ɔ kɛnyá otúá. Now you will become a dog forever until you die. (KS). pn.b. Variant

pn.b. Variant

of first person plural bound pronominal prefix on

́ ́gɨrá áajo mátayioló iróreí lɔɔ́ verbs; we. Ɛk lMáásâ ̂. We are trying to learn about Maasai words. See: k ́-1 ‘1PL’.

l-ɛk ́ma [North] k ́ma ‘Vapor’.

[North] Nom sg: l-ɛ́kɨma. n. [North]

Haze.

See: lɛ-

ol-ékíŋúóŋúóre n. Sense of smell. N ́nya inkík ɨntaras ́ móítíé káke ká ́shɔ̄ siî nanʉ́ olékíŋúóŋúóre. You

will eat faeces forever, but I will also give you the sense of smell. (KS).

ol-ekitarrí [West] n. [West] Doctor. Emúíta Páapa lâî néjo olekitarrí ɛtɛ́ɛk ́ ʉ́nyɛ encotó nábō. My father is sick and the doctor said that one of his sides is paralyzed. (W).

ɛn-ɛ́kɔ́kɛ́sɛ̄nā n. Bat. a-ɛkʉnyɛ́ v. 1 • To weigh down or trouble, due to ill-function (typically used of body parts); be paralyzed. Káatɛɛkʉ́nyɛ nkaɨná. My hand is troubling me (eg. it is hurting or is no longer strong). (SN). Emúíta Páapa lâî néjo olekitarrí ɛtɛ́ɛk ́ ʉ́nyɛ encotó nábō. My father is sick and the doctor said that one of his sides is paralyzed. (W).

be bothered; be troubled. Átɛ́ɛk ́ ʉ́nyɛ tɛ nkárak ́ ésíáai nɛ́mɛ́ ́d ́pa I am bothered by the unfinished work. 2 • To

ol-ékúrúí a-ɛ́l

Acc pl: ɨl-ekúrú. n. Very

kíík ‘Faeces’.

Variant: a-yɛ́l. v.prog. 1 • To

dry animal droppings.

See: in-

smear with sth. (typically oil or fat);

annoint. Ɛg ́rá ́ áaɛl ɛnkɛ́ráí tɛ ɨlatá. The child is being smeared by oil. (Pk). Káɛl nkɛ́ráí. I will smear the child (with oil). (SN). Káɛ́la nkɛ́ráí ŋolé. I smeared the child (with oil) yesterday. (SN). Ɛg ́ra entitó ajút entúrótó naelíéki. The girl is rubbing off the chalk painted on her. (Pk).

́ ĺ â assimilate other(s) into the group; naturalize. Ɛɛ apá ɨlMaasá ́ ilorérén ɔɔ́tɨmɨrâ tɔ lárrábâl. The Maasai assimilated the people they defeated in war. (Pk). 3 • To speak in nice words in order to be less blunt; speak indirectly. Míntóki dúóó aɛ́l ɛmbáɛ tólimú aké ánaa ɛ́nátîû. Stop avoiding telling the truth of the matter as it is; say exactly what it is. (Pk). Note: 2nd argument may be PT (substance smeared on), or GOAL (item that receives the smeared substance) 2 • To

a-elíé

ɛldɛ̂

ɛlɛ̂

smear or paint with sth. Káélîê. I have painted with it (eg. oil). (S). Káélie nkɛ́ráí látá táatá. I will smear the child with oil now. (SN). Eyelíéki ɛldɛ̂ mʉ́rráni entúrótó amʉ̂ ɛ́ ́d ́pá intaléŋo. That warrior has been painted with chalk because he is done with the ceremony. (Pk). Ɛg ́ra ɨnkɛ́rá áaelie átɛ́ eréko. The children are painting themselves with the red ochre. (Pk). Variant: a-yelíé. To

Nom sg: ɛldɛ́. dem. Masculine

singular 1st distal demonstrative; that. Ɛldɛ́ payíán oirórokí ɛlɛ̂. That man is greeting this one. (Pk). Tálaŋa amʉ̂ etíī ɨntáre ɛldɛ̂ kékún lɔ́ɔ ́ lkɛjʉ́. Cross, because the goats and sheep are on that (other) bank of the river. (Pk). See: Pronouns-Demonstratives.

Nom sg: ɛlɛ́. [North] Acc sg: alɛ́. dem. Masculine

singular proximate

demonstrative; this. Ɛlɛ̂ payíán eirɔ́rɔ́k ̄ ɛldɛ́ l ́kaɨ. This man is being greeted by that other one. (Pk). Ɔlɛ́ nk ́tɛ́ŋ ɛlɛ̂ kɛ́ɛnɛ. This big leather strap belongs to the cow. (lit: This bell (is) that of a cow.). See: Pronouns-Demonstratives.

l-ɛ́lɛ́ʉ́ [North]

[North] Acc pl: l-elewîn. n. [North]

Sand lizard; male

ɛ́m-

of mʉ́ll ́áát. lizard’.

See: mʉ́l

́áát [North] ‘Female long-tailed sand

Variant: ɛ́-. pn.b. Variant

of plural subjunctive pronominal prefix, occurring before negative m- and other labial consonants. Bási émintóki áaɨshɔ ɛɨdapásha So don't let them disperse. náa tɛnáa émeyiolórō and even if they do not know each other. See: ɛ́n- ‘Plural Imperative prefix’.

Ɛmáli

n.prop. Name

of a famous cattle market for the Maasai, located in Kajiado District, Kenya.

ol-empéi n. Hippo. See: ɔl-tʉrʉ́ka ‘Hippo’. ɛn-1 Variant: ɛ-; ɛm-; ɛnk-; n-. gen. Feminine singular gender prefix. Ɛnɛ́ nkɨtɛŋ ɛnâ kɛ́ɛnɛ. This leather strap (normal size) ɛn-2 a-ɛ́n

belongs to the cow. gen. Gender

See: ɛ́ ‘of’.

prefix for place.

tie, tether, bind, fasten. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkáyíóní aɛ́n ɨnamʉ́ka. The boy is tying his shoes. (Pk). Tɛ́ɛna enetuduŋó ɛnkalɛ́m méítokí awó. Put a bandage on the area that the knife has cut so that it won't keep on bleeding. (Pk). Tɛ́ɛna ɛnkisunkúū ɛ́ nkɨlâ. Button your shirt. (Pk). Tɛ́ɛna ɔlkáráshá médōyīō. Tie your sheet (shuka) so that it does not fall. (Pk). Tɛ́ɛna ɔláshê peê méló. Tether the calf so that it does not go. (Pk). Ɨncɔɔ́kɨ ɛnkɛɛnɛ́ náéníé ɛlɛ̂ áshê. Give me a strap for tying this calf. (Pk). See: a-l ́d ‘To tie’. 2 • To protect with charms or magic, in order to ward off evil from persons, animals, or objects; be ritually or cremonially tied against disease or bad luck. Protection with a charm is done by special people, eg. of a certain clan, though it need not be il-oibonok. Ɛɛn ́ inkíshú. The cows are ritually tied (against disease or ill-luck). [This is done to make the bulls docile, when the long rains come and they are well fed.]. Variant: a-yɛ́n. v. 1 • To

Tɛ́ɛna intaré naá ́mɨnâ peê mɛ́nyá ilowuarák.

Invoke a charm to protect the flock that is lost so that the wild beasts won't eat them. (Pk). aɛná peê mémúóyu to

be tied ritually against diseases (Pk). Ɛshɔmɔ́ dúóó entúáa nɛ́ya ɔɛnɛ́t mɛtɛ́ɛnɨ. The pregnant woman went with the fee to have herself charmed. (Pk). ɔltʉŋáni ɔɛ́n ̄shɔ̄ a person who is tied against disease/bad luck. 3 • [North] To perform a kind of curse or sorcery. plait. aɛ́n ɨlpáp ́t to plait hair (Pk). 5 • To arrest; seize and detain s.o. by legal authority; imprison. Ɛtɛɛnákɨ olpúrríshóí. The thief was arrested. 4 • To

a-ɛná

v.mid. 1 • To

be tied, bound. Áɛ́na tɛ ɔlmʉ́mai. I am tied

by oath. 2 • [North] To be under a curse.

a-ɛnaá

v.dir. 1 • To

wrap. 2 • To tie away.

a-ɛnarɛ́ To be fastened with, tied with; tied down (to). aɛnarɛ́ ɛnkɛɛnɛ́ to be fastened with a leather strap (Pk). aɛnarɛ́ ɛncaní to be tied down to a tree (Pk). a-ɛnɨk ́ [North] [North] To tie to. a-ɛ́n emotí To perform ceremony of tying the drinking pot ɛ́nɛnaɛnâ

soon after circumcision (lit: To tie the pot).

Variant: ɛ́-. pn.b. Plural

imperative and subjunctive pronominal ́ cɔm áŋ! Go home! Ɛm ́ intóki áarari idia verb prefix. Ɛn áló! (You pl.) keep to that side! dem. Cliticized

variant of ɛnâ 'this'.

[ɛnnâ] Variant: ɛna. Nom sg: ɛná. [North] Acc sg: aná. pn.dem. 1 • Feminine

singular proximal demonstrative; this. Ɛnâ kitók náípotito ɛndâ. This woman is calling that one. ɛnâ ayíónī this boy. Ɛákʉ ɛná k ́tɛŋ ɛnaáí. This cow will become mine. Kɔ́bɔ́r aná k ́tɛŋ. This cow is calm. (SN). Ɔlɔ́ rkɨtɛŋ ɛnâ kɛ́ɛnɛ. This leather strap (normal size) belongs to the ox. (Pk). Enkíné natorúá osíkíria ɛná. This is the goat that was kicked by the donkey. (PK). Ɛnâ kíné natorúá osíkíria This goat that has been kicked by

the donkey (Pk). Ká ́nyɔ̄ɔ ̄ ɛná? What is this? (W). ɛncɔlatá ɛ́na ́látā melting of this fat. 2 • Preface to a common noun when the noun is used as a form of address. Tápala siî siî ɛná áyíóní empúróre. Please, lad, stop stealing! (Pk).

ɛnadúóó Previously-mentioned. tɛnâ At this. See: Pronouns-Demonstratives; ɛlɛ̂ ‘This (masc.)’. ́ úɛ́tá ɛnadoí ɛnadoí dem. An indefinitely short time back. Ɛk tárákuet nág ̄rā adaá aɨŋataá oldîâ. The impala that was grazing has run away from the dog. ɛna- ‘This’.

See: dúóó ‘Earlier’;

ɛnárɛ̄ adv. Appropriate; ought to; suitable; desirable. Ɛnárɛ̄ nɛ́nyɔk inkɛ́râ pɔ́ɔk ̄ ̄ náatií sukúul. All the children in school ought to work hard.

ɛncɛ̂ [Chamus] ɛndâ

endê

enê

See: a-narɛ́ ‘To

pn.psr. [Chamus]

names. See: ɛnyɛ̂ ‘Their’.

be fitting’.

Their. ɨnkárn ɛncɛ̂ their

Nom sg: ɛndá. [North] Acc sg: andâ. dem. Feminine

singular demonstrative, 1st degree of distalness; that. Ɛndâ kitók éípot ɛná. That woman is being called by this one. (Pk). ɛnâ búku nárɔ́k ɔ ɛ́nda this black book and that one (ie. another black book) (W). andâ kiporóo that scar (S). See: Pronouns-Demonstratives. Nom sg: endé. dem. 2nd

Distal locative demonstrative, indicating a place away from both speaker and addressee; there. Túŋūāī enê, shɔ́mɔ endê. Leave here; go there. ́ (Pk). Ɨyakákɨ enturét náló aturíé endê. Bring me a hoe so that I can go and dig there. See: PronounsDemonstratives. Nom sg: ené. Variant: éne. dem. Proximal

locative demonstrative, indicating area where the speaker is; here. Óu enê nátíī. Come here where I am. Ɛg ́ra aɨrrɨʉ́ ɛnkayíóni enê natíī. She is sending the boy where I am. Mɛmánya enkúukuû énê. No wild animal lives here. (W).

ɛnɛ-

ɛ́nɛ̂

See: Pronouns-Demonstratives. Acc pl: ɨnɛ-. psr.prt. The

one(s) of; used with a following demonstrative or gender-prefixed noun. ɛnɛ ́lɔ ári of that year. Ant: ɔ́lɛ̂- ‘Of (masculine)’. See: ɛ́ ‘Feminine singular possessor’.

Variant: ɛnɛ-. psr.prt. A

feminine possessed item belonging to a feminine possessor; of, belonging to. Ɛnɛ́ nkitojó ɛná kɛ́jʉ. This leg belongs to the hare/rabbit. (lit: This leg is of the rabbit.). Óre ɛná k ́tɛ́ŋ náa ɛ́nɛ̂ Tima. This cow belongs to Tima. Kéúlu apá ɛnɛ́ nkɨŋasíá. He was an ́ ɛ̂ interesting glutton. (lit: He was a glutton of a wonder.). Ɛn ŋá ́ ɛná k ́tɛŋ. [ɛ̀nɛ̀ ŋá ́] Who's heifer is this? ɛnɛ ɛ ́kɨŋa. It is s.o. else's. (W). See: ɔ́lɛ̂ ‘Of a masculine referent’.

ɔ-ɛnɛ́t

Nom sg: ɔ-ɛ́nɛ́t. Acc pl: ɨ-yɛnɛ́ta. Nom pl: ɨ-yɛ́nɛta. [North] Nom

sg: ɛ́nɛt. [North] Acc pl: ɛnɛ́ta. [North] Nom pl: ɛ́nɛta. n. 1 • Knot.

lɛ́ nkɛɛnɛ́ Knot of a strap.

ɔɛnɛ́t

2 • Small

ɛnk-

fee (perhaps 30 to 100 Ksh) made to compensate a flock or herd which has been protected by ɛɛnarɛ́ when one member of the protected flock or herd is given away. If the fee is not paid, it is believed that the charm is broken. If the owner sells an animal from the herd or flock, he does not need to pay himself because the charm against harm does not apply to the owner. Ɨmɛrɛy ́ oshî intarɛ́ mɛ́átā ̄ ɔɛnɛ́t. Sheep cannot be taken away without a tying fee. 3 • Small fee paid by a pregnant woman to a traditional medicine man for a charm to protect herself and the unborn child against illness and misfortune. Ɛshɔmɔ́ dúóó entúáâ nɛ́ya ɔɛnɛ́t mɛtɛ́ɛnɨ. The pregnant woman went with the fee to have herself charmed. 4 • [North] Knot used in cursing, to bind s.o. or sth. See: ɛl ́dátá ‘Knot’; ɛ-yɛ́nátá ‘Knot’. gen. Variant

of the feminine singular gender prefix ɛn-, occurring before some vowel-initial noun stems. See: ɛn-1.

ɛ́nkʉna

v.imp. Imperative

plural of 'take'.

See: a-ikó ‘To

do’; ́nkʉna;

ɛnɔ́-

inkó ‘Take it (imperative)’. Acc pl: ɛnɔɔ́-. gen. Feminine

prefix on a gender-inflected noun, indicating "that belongs to [noun]" or "pertaining to [noun]"; of. Enólkerretí apá léméló sukúul ɛndá kítok. That woman is of the tradition (in which people) never used to go to school. Ɛtalákɨ apá á ́ ɔlɔ́ŋ ɛnɔɔ́silân tɛndá âŋ. That home had a girl who died the other day. (lit: There was a loss the other day of one of the girl-types at that home.) (Pk). ɛnɔɔ́-silân is a euphemistic way of referring to a girl that has died without having to say her name. See: ɔlɔɔ́- ‘Of’.

ɛ́ntʉ̄rʉ̄j [South] ɛnyɛ́

[North] ‘Nine’.

Nine.

See: nááudo ‘Nine’; sáâl

Nom sg: ɛ́nyɛ. Acc pl: ɛnyɛ̂. Nom pl: ɛ́nyɛ́. pn.psr. Third

person singular possessive pronoun used with a feminine singular possessed noun; 'his, her (feminine thing)'. Nɛ́n ̄ŋ entítō ɛnyɛ́ bótór ɛranyak ́ enká ́ ajokí. He heard his older daughter singing to the younger one. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí aishóp ɛnkɨlâ ɛnyɛ́ sídáí. The child is wearing his best shirt. (Pk). See: ɛnyɛ́nā(k) ‘His, her’; Pronouns-Possessives.

ɛn-ɛnyɛ́

ɛnyɛ̂

num. [South]

Nom sg: ɛn-ɛ́nyɛ. Acc pl: ɨn-ɛnyɛ́na. Nom pl: ɨn-ɛ́nyɛná. pn.psr.

Third person singular possessive pronoun used when the possessed referent is feminine, and when the pronominal is the head of its own noun phrase; his, hers. Ɛnɛnyɛ́ ɛná k ́tɛŋ. This cow is his. Óre ɔltʉŋáni pɔɔk ́ ólô amány ɛnkɔ́p nɛ́mɛ̂ ɛnɛnyɛ̂ náa ɔyáti tɛ ́nâ kɔ̂p. Any person who migrates to some country which is not his is a nonnative resident of that area. (Pk). See: ɛnyɛ́ ‘His’. pn.psr. Third

person plural possessive pronoun of a feminine plural or singular noun; 'their (feminine thing(s))'. Nɛ́yá inkíshú ɛnyɛ̂ ó isirkôn. He took their cows and donkies. See: ɛncɛ̂ ‘Their’.

ɛnyɛ́nā(k)

Nom sg: ɛ́nyɛná. pn.psr. Third

person singular possessive pronoun of a plural (feminine) possessed item, 'his, her (feminine things)'. If the prefix l- occurs, the possessed item is masculine; oherwise it is feminine. Ɛshɔmɔ́ dúóó areú

inkishú ɛnyɛ́nā. He went to bring his cows. (Pk). Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian akarsisú amʉ̂ ɛ́tʉ́bʉ́lâ intókitin ɛ́nyɛná pɔ́ɔk ̄ ̄. The man is getting rich because his things are increasing. (Pk). Átɛ́ɛk ́ ʉ́nyɛ tɛnkárak ́ kʉlɔ̂ omón lɛnyɛ́nāk lɛ́mɛ́ ́shʉ́nyɛ. I am bored because of these

words of his that don't end. (W). See: ɛnyɛ́ ‘His, her’; PronounsPossessives.

a-ɛnyɨɛ́ny

be bouncy, springy. Restrict: Cannot be used of a ball.. Kɛ́ɛny ́ɛny olóríka. The seat is bouncy (soft). 2 • To be bloated or inflated from eating too much. 3 • To be full of impatience. See: a-s ́ ‘To be impatient’.

ɨl-ɛ́nyɔ́k

[àɛ̀nyɪ ̀ɛ́ny - two moras at end] v.s. 1 • To

Nom pl: ɨl-ɛnyɔ́k. [West] Acc sg: ɨl-ɛ́ŋyɔ́k. n.pl. Restrict: Not for cat's

tail. Hairs

of an animal's tail, like that of a cow or zebra.

Níkipuo áaduŋuduŋ ɨlɛ́nyɔ́k lɔɔ́ ɨlkɨdɔŋɔ́ lɔɔ́ isirkôn. We will go cut into pieces hair from the donkey's tails.

See: ɔl-páp

́tá ‘Hair’.

́ a-eŋú v. To be deprived of; lack. Ɨwa ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ inó amʉ̂ maéŋu. Take your cow because I will not lack. See: aɨtɛɛ́ŋ ‘To deprive of’.

eóó [North]

interj. [North]

Yes? What? Usage: used by women. See: óê [North] ‘Yes? What? (used by men)’.

ɛ́paɛ́ɛ interj. Of course, certainly. a-epíé [North] [àèpyé] v. 1 • [North] To cause sth. to follow the course of a river.

To swipe, loot, make off with. Káépie. I have swiped (stolen) it. (S). 2 • [North]

a-ɛpʉ́

v. To

a-eré

PF: a-taerió. In some suffixed forms: a-erek. v.s. To

child.

sleep beside s.o. Áépūā ɛnkɛ́ráí. I slept beside the

stop breastfeeding. Eérē ɛnk ́tɛŋ oláshê. The cow has stopped breastfeeding the calf. Áérē ɛnkɛ́ráí. I will stop breastfeeding the child. Eéreki ɛnkɛ́ráí The child is

éro

weaned.

voc. Vocative

greeting used between men of the same age, or with a man younger than the male speaker; term of address used in a teasing, but friendly, way. Usage: very informal. Érṑ ára Konené You of Konene! (W). Syn: eéto ‘Vocative greeting between men’; eérō ‘Boy (voc)’.

l-ɛ́rɔ́mpɔ́ [North] n. [North] Hyena. See: ɔl-ŋɔj ́nɛ ‘Hyena’. ésaí Variant: ésaáí. interj. Amen. ... amʉ̂ tɛ Yesu Kristo kíomón iyíé. Ésaí. ... because it is in Jesus Christ that we pray. Amen. (C).

a-ɛsɛ́k

v. To

outsmart; get the better of by craftiness, trickery, or devious methods; outwit, wangle. Ɛɛ́sɛk. He will get the ́ ɛ́k. He will wangle / get the better of... (W). better of her. Ɛs aɛsɛ́k ɔltʉŋáni ayá inkíshú ɛnyɛ́na to trick somebody to take his cows.

éserîân [North]

greeting. [North]

Greeting to women. Syn: takúɛ́nya ‘Greeting to women’. See: sʉ́pa ‘Greeting’.

l-ésómúá [North] Syn: en-cóliek

Nom sg: l-esomúá. n. [North]

‘Companionship’.

Companionship.

a-ɛ́sh v. To make things overlap. a-ɛ́t v.prog. To empty an enclosed container completely or partially (of things), removing items one by one. There are size and shape constraints on the container. It cannot be a table, house, car, gourd or donkey. It can be a bag, pot, pocket, basket, one's mouth at the dentist if he is taking out one tooth at a time; etc. aɛ́t olbɛ́nɛ́ To remove items from a bag. aɛ́t emotí To remove chunks of food from a pot. Note: Hypothesis: Container has to be of the size that s.o. could carry.

a-ɛtʉ́

remove items one by one. aɛtʉ́ inkuashên tɔ́ lbɛnɛ́ To remove potatoes one by one from the bag. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí aɛtʉ́ ilmósor tɔ lbené adány. The baby is removing eggs one at a time from the bag to break them. See: a-ɨt ‘To do in installments’. v.dir. To

-ɛ́t

Plural: -ɛ́ta. nmlz. Nominalizer

ɛ́tɔ̂n

creating a noun referring to the instrument with which an action is done. enduŋét knife (ie. 'thing used for cutting'). ɛnáíshó najî ɛnk ́rɔ́rɛ́t beer that is called "the talking-one" (lit: beer that is called 'thing to talk with'). (lit: it/they remain). ɛ́tɔ̂n áâ ɛnɔɔ́ lɔɔ́ ́bɔ̄r ɛnkɔ̂p when the land was still for the whites. Kɛ́tɔn apá ɛatâ ̂ ɛmperdédi ɛ́lɛ órere? Are there still remnants of those people? See: a-tɔ́n ‘To sit, remain’. v.aux. Still

ɛ́tɔ́n ɛ́ ́tʉ̂ (+L tone on following verb) 1 • Compound

[ɛ̀tɔ̀n ɛ̀ ̀tʉ̀] v.aux.

auxiliary verb indicating still, not yet, before. Áyíéú shái ɛtɔn ɛɨtʉ [L]adáa. I want tea before I eat. (W). Ɛɨnyáŋūā sháai ɛ Kɛnya ɛtɔn ɛɨtʉ [L]elotú. He bought Kenyan tea before he came. (W). Áínyáŋūā sháai ɛ Kɛ́nya ɛtɔn ɛɨtʉ [L]alotú. I bought Kenyan tea before I came. (W). A: Íkúɛ́t ɔpá? B: Ɛɛ́, naárr ́ tɛ sukúul ɛtɔn ɛɨtʉ [L]anatáyu. A: Did you used to run? B: Yes, those days in school, before I became pregnant. (W). See: ` ‘Low Tone Temporal/Subjunctive Conjunction’. yet. Kéírébuk ɨnk ́laní amʉ̂ ɛtɔn ɛɨtʉ [L]etoyú olêŋ. The cloths are damp because they are not yet completely dry. (Pk). See: a-tɔ́n ‘To sit’; ɛ́tɔ̂n ‘Still’. 2 • Not

-etú Plural form of a-éu 'to come' in Perfect(ive) aspect or

Subjunctive mood. See: a-éū ‘To come (subjunctive)’; a-lotú ‘To come (singular subject)’.

a-ɛtʉ́ [North] -etuo

v.dir. 1 • [North]

To pull a piece of meat from a

pot; snatch out of. 2 • [North] To snatch from danger. Variant: -otuo

[North]. v.pf.pl. Irregular Perfect(ive) plural of a-lotú 'to come'. Kíetûô. We came. Íétuo. You (pl) came. Eétuo. They came. Néyiolouní áajo eétuo ɛnadúóó áŋ. It was known that they came to that home. Óre apá

peê ɛmʉrat ́shɔ ɛldɛ́ páyian néyetúó osotúá lɛ́nyɛ

pɔɔk ́ áarēt. When that man circumcised (his children), all his relatives came to help. See: -euo ‘Came; have come’; aéū ‘To come (subjunctive)’; a-lotú ‘To come (sg)’; áa-puo ‘To come (pl)’.

l-ɛ́tʉ́rŋʉ́ŋ [North] n. [North] Type of bee. See: ol-otórokî ‘Bee’. ol-eturót n. Sphaeranthus gomphrenoides. Type of plant. a-éū [North]: a-yíéw, a-éū. [North]: iwon. [Chamus]: íwʉ. IMPER: óū. PL.SUBJN: -etu. In some suffixed forms: -eun. v.subjn. Subjunctive

suppletive form of a-lotú 'to come'. Ág ́ra abikokí meéū amʉ̂ maló naá ɛ́ ́tʉ̂ adúaarɛ. I am waiting for him to come because I cannot go without seeing him. Shɔ́mɔ tɔ́rɔjɔ sútúó linó meéu bɔɔ́. Go and signal your friend to come out. (SN). Má ́dɨm aéu. I cannot come. M ́nd ́m aéu. You cannot come. Mɛ́ ́dɨm aéu. He cannot come. Ká ́dɨm ayíéw táísere. I will be able to come tomorrow. (S). Óū enêǃ [wóū] Come hereǃ (W). See: a-lotú ‘To come’; euo ‘Perfect(ive) of a-lotú 'to come'’.

áa-etú To come (pl.). Mɛ́ ́dim áaetú They cannot come. -euo Variant: -ewuo; -yewûô. PL.PF: -étuo. PL.PF [alternative variant, North]: -

otuo. v.pf. To have come. Suppletive Perfect(ive) aspect form of a-lotú 'to come'. Áeuo. I came. Íeuo. You (sg) came. Eéuo He/she came. Ḱetûô. We came. Eétuo. They came. Kéyéwuo dúóó aké n ́nyɛ ɛlɛ̂ páyian. This man just came. Eyéwuo dúóó oltúkútuk ónapɨta ɔlpayíán obô. A motor-cycle that was carrying one man came. (Pk). Laɨŋɔ́nɨ ɔ́rɔ́k óeúó nkáŋ. It is the black bull that came home. (SN). Áaeúó ɛldɛ̂ páyian aisilén iropiyíán áinéí. That man has come to borrow money from me. (Pk). Eéuo olákúyia tɛ mísimísī ŋolé. The old man came in the darkness (ie. at night) yesterday. (W). Nɛ́dɛ̄k ajokí:

"Tɔ́rrɔ́bɔn ́, kéyíé óeúō adúŋ ɛnkɛɛnɛ́ ɛ́nkáí? Táā aɨs ́nān ̄ ánāā apá aké peyíê ɨrá." He cursed him by

saying: "Hunter, is it you who came to cut the strap of God? Become poor like you've always been![óewúō] See: a-ló ‘To go’.

áa-eyepo v.pl. To copulate, have sexual intercourse. a-eyú Variant: a-yeyú. [North]: a-eyí. v.incep. Usage: cows, women. To cease to lactate; go dry (of milk). Ɛg ́ra ɛnk ́tɛŋ aeyú. The cow is drying up. Eyó. It has dried up (of milk). a-eyí [North] PF: -o. v.incep. [North] To go dry (of wells, lactating women, cows).

See: a-eyú ‘To

cease to lactate’.

Ɛ-ɛ e Letter representing the Maa front central advanced tongue root (+ATR) vowel /e/. ɛ Letter representing the Maa front central non-advanced tongue root (-ATR) vowel /ɛ/. ɛ-1 gen. Feminine singular gender prefix; variant of ɛn- that occurrs before continuant consonants (s, l, r, y, yi, w, wu) and nasals (m, n, ŋ). Óre ɛyɨkái ɛ́lɛ dóínyó náa á ́tɔrrɔ́nɔ̂. The elevation of this hill is bad. See: ɛn-1.

ɛ-2 ɛ-

-ɛ1

ewúéji nɛmánya Ole Sokoine a place where Ole Sokoine lives (KS). Népōnū ɨlmʉ́rrân enetíī.

Variant: e-. pn.b. Pronominal prefix for relative clauses designating a location; place where. The warriors come to where he is.

Variant: e-; é-; a-; á-; ɔ-. pn.b. Bound pronoun on verbs indicating third person subject and no object (intransitive verbs); or third person subject with third person or plural object (transitive verbs). Káke ɛshál ɛnâ áyíóní. But this boy is very weak. Ɛtɛmɛ́ratɛ ɨlpáyianí The men got drunk. Etuŋúáyie inkíshú ɨná kítok. That woman has left the cows. (W). PL PF:: -atɛ, -ɔ́tɛ. voi. Perfect(ive) Middle voice suffix. With Class 1 roots it co-occurs with the prefix tV-;

Óre adé aké peê ɛakʉ́ ɛɨd ́pɛ pɔ́ɔk ̄ ̄ tókî... When everything has been finished... Ɛrɔ́k ómom Pita amʉ̂ ɛtáláíkíne ayáma ́nâ títō. Pita is unfortunate because he was not able to woo that girl. (W). Ɛtɨg ́lɛ ɔlálai lâî. My tooth broke. (W). Ɛtɨg ́latɛ ɨlalá láinêî. My teeth broke. (W). Ká ́wɔtɨwɔ́tɛ I have been infected. (S). See: with Class 2 roots it occurs alone.

a1 ‘Nonperfective Middle suffix’; -o ‘Perfect(ive) Middle voice suffix’.

-ɛ2

Variant: -yɛ; -yie. asp. Variant of the Perfect(ive) aspect suffix which occurs after the directional -ʉ́(n).

Nɛ́ɨshʉ́nyɛ. It (the story) has ended. Néshukunyíêî (People) come back (inside). See: a1 ‘Nonperfect(ive) Middle suffix’.

ɛ́2

Variant: é; ɛ. psr.prt. Of; possessor (Genitive) particle which occurs between possessed and possessor nouns, indicating that the possessor is Singular. The possessive form codes a range of semantic relations, including ownership, part-whole, composing substance, type, partitive, etc. Áyíéú ɛnâ búku ɛ

Tôm. I need this book of Tom's. (W). Áyíéú kʉnâ búkuí aré ɛ Tôm. I need these two books of Tom's. (W). entítō e Rónkēī daughter of Ronkei. Óre aké téípa nɛ́ ́dʉrr ɨnkɛ́ra e sukúul ɨndámunot. In the afternoon/evening, school children's minds wander. (lit: children of school thoughts migrate). Iyíólo oróréí lé emúá. Do you know the word emúá? (W). olórika lɛ kanísa the church's chair (W). olórika lé nkisóma the chair of education (W). Népūōnū ɨlɛ́ kʉ́ldɔ̄ apá ɔ́aarɨta ɔlarinkóí. Those (warriors) of the others came from the side where Olarinkoi was killing. Áísidaîn inkíaasîn ɛ́ lɛ̂ mʉ́rráni ɔɨdɨpá esíáai ɛnyɛ́. The works of this warrior who had finished his work are good. (Pk). Note: The possessor particle generally cliticizes to the following noun, assimilating to it in ATR quality. Tucker & Mpaayei (1955: 213) write it as a separate particle and we have followed that tradition. However, experienced native-speaker writers often write it as a contiguous element with the following word. See: ɔ́1 ‘Masculine singular possessive particle’; ɔɔ́ ‘Plural possessive particle’.

Possessives Particles with Pronominal Possessed Item ACCUSATIVE NOMINATIVE "the one (FSG) of the woman en-é n-kitók en-é n-kitók (FSG)" "the one (FSG) of the body ɛn-ɔ́ silân ɛn-ɔ́ silân (MSG)" (= deceased girl) "the one (FSG) of the tradition en-ó len-ó lkerretí kerretí (MSG)" "the one (FSG) of the houses ɛn-ɔɔ́ nkɛn-ɔ́ɔ nkájíjík ájíjík (FPL)" "the one (FSG) of the calves ɛn-ɔɔ́ l-ashɔ́ ɛn-ɔ́ɔ l-ashɔ́ (MPL)" in-é

n-kitók in-é

n-kitóḱ "those (FPL) of the woman (FSG)"

ɨn-ɔɔ́ nkakúí

ɨn-ɔ́ɔ

n-kakúí

ɔl-ɛ́

nk-ají

ɔl-ɛ́

nk-ají

ɔl-ɔ́

l-áshê

ɔl-ɔ́

l-áshê

ɔl-ɔɔ́ nkájíjík

ɔl-ɔ́ɔ nkájíjík

ɔl-ɔɔ́

ɔl-ɔ́ɔ

l-ashɔ́

ɨl-ɛ̂ kampuaní ɨl-ɔɔ́

l-ashɔ́

ɨl-ɛ́ kampuaní

mɛ́nyɛ̀́ ɨl-ɔ́ɔ

mɛ́nyɛ̀

"those (FPL) of the grandparents (FPL)" "the one (MSG) of the house (FSG)" "the one (MSG) of the calf (MSG)" "the one (MSG) of the houses (FPL)" "the one (MSG) of the calves (MPL)" those (MPL) of the company "those (MPL) of the fathers (MPL)"

ɛ́1

inter.prt. Contrastive

ɛ́-

Variant: é-; ɛ́n-; én-. pn.b. Imperative

focus question particle, preceding a ́ taré íyíéú anáā ilbitiró? Do you questioned noun. Ɛn want sheep and goats or warthogs? Óóói óóói ɛ́ nɨncɛ́ kʉná? Oooi oooi are these the ones?

plural verb prefix. Éíniniŋó ɔlɔɨrɔr ́ta! Listen to the one who is speaking! Lɔ́ mʉ́rrân,

ɛ́ntaanyúákɨ! Hey warriors, you all wait for me! See: m2

ɛbá ́kɨ

‘Subjunctive’.

go.

v.aux. Perhaps,

might, it may be. Ɛbá ́kɨ nílō. You might

ɛbá ́kɨ táatá Hitherto. See: a-baɨk ́ ‘To suffice, reach, visit, happen’.

l-ɛbárta [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ɛ́barta. n. 1 • [North]

Type of song sung for boys who are about to get circumcised, to mock them. 2 • [North] Song sung by boys around the time of their circumcision. See: l-aparasíyíó [North] ‘Song by women’; aɨbárt ‘To watch over’; ɔl-á ́bártani ‘Initiate’.

ecí [North] adv. [North] Usually. See: oshî ‘Usually’. eé interj. Affirmative interjection; yes. Néjo "Eé kɛ́s ́pa taá." He said, "Yes it is true.".

eé páé [North] Yes, of course. eé payé [South] Yes, of course! ɛɛ́- pn.b. Plural pronominal prefix for relative clauses designating a location; places where. Kéduŋóki aké ɨnkárn ánaa iwuejitín nɛɛ́manyá. They are given names according to eeítō eérō

eéto

the places they live. (KS). [North]: áíto. voc. Term

of address from a man to a circumcised man or agemate. Usage: Mostly used by an elderly person addressing a younger person.. See: eérō ‘Boy’. Acc pl: (l)óyîê. voc. Term

of address used by a man or another boy to an uncircumcised boy; or used between men of the same age-set. Eéro, sʉ́pa! Boy, hello! See: éro ‘Informal vocative greeting’; eeítō ‘Boy’; óyie ‘Boys (vocative)’. voc. Vocative

greeting used between men of the same age, or with a man younger than the speaker; 'you'. eéto ára ŋanía you of so-and-so (KS). Syn: éro ‘Informal vocative greeting used between men’.

en-egól ɛ́ nk ́ɔ́ɔk ́

[ènèɡól ɛ́ŋkɪ ̄ɔ̄ɔ̄ k̄ ] n. Hard

cartilage in the outer ear

which is cut out to make the lower ear hole in e-ségerua (lit: that which is hard of the ear). See: e-ségerua ‘Ear lobe’; agól ‘To be hard’.

ɛɨ- interj. Introdctory particle. See: áî ‘Introductory particle’. ɛ́ ́ŋā ̄ pn.inter. Who?, Who is it? Ɛ́ ́ŋā ̄ ɔ́ɔwá ɛnkɨlâ á ́? Who ɛɨtʉ́

took my cloth? v.aux. Negative

See: ŋá

́ ‘Who’.

perfect(ive) aspect auxiliary verb, indicating that sth. is not yet done or complete. This auxiliary does not inflect for person. Ɛɨtʉ́ ŋolé alotú esíái. I did not come to work yesterday. (Pk). Ɛɨtʉ́ áám ́rákɨ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. I did not sell you the cow. (W). Ɛɨtʉ́ k ́m ́rákɨ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. You did not sell me the cow. (W). Kóre peê éításhê, ɛɨtʉ́ ɛ́dɔ̂l ɔlásʉ́ráí. When he stopped, he didn't see the snake. (W). ́ dúāā inkíshú? Á'ā. Ɛɨtʉ́ adɔ́l káke átɔ́n ̄ŋɔ̄. Did Ɨtɔ́ you see the cows? No. I didn't see (them), but I heard (them). ́ dúāā inkíshú? Ɛɨtʉ́. Did you see the cows? No (I Ɨtɔ́ didn't see them). Ág ́ra abikokí meeû amʉ̂ maló naá ɛ́ ́tʉ̂ adúaarɛ. I am waiting for him to come because I cannot go without seeing him. (Pk). Kótūpūkūrō; ɛ́ ́tʉ́ eikén. She capped it; she didn't close it. (SN). Ɛáta ɨná

kɛráí ɛlʉ́kʉnyá amʉ̂ eipírríó sokóni néshukúnye ɛ́ ́tʉ̂ elo aɨmalɨmál. That child is responsible because she ran to the market and returned without going to goof off. (W). Shɔ́mɔ ɛɨtʉ́ ɛ́shá. Go before it rains.

ɛ-ɛ́ ́tʉ Not yet. See: ɛ-tɔn ɛɨtʉ ‘Before’; m-1 ‘Not’. ɛ ́tʉ adv. Not yet, yet. ejî v.pass. 1 • It is said (that...). Ejî óu enê. It is said come here. (Pk).

be named. Ejî Móríntát. He is called (named) Móríntát. (Pk). See: a-jó ‘To say’. 2 • To

a-ɛ́k

́ k weigh down, exhaust. Ɛɛ ́ . It will tire him. Áagɨrá ɛlɛ̂ bɛnɛ́ aɛ́k. This bag is weighing me down (exhausting me). Variant: a-yɛ́k. v. 1 • To

bore s.o. Moókīrē aás ɛnâ síaai amʉ̂ áatɛɛká. I am no longer going to do this work because it has bored me. Majó kíriamári sukúul amʉ̂ áɛ́k ̄shɔ̄. I don't think we will go to school (together) because I am boring. (eg. you won't enjoy my company) (W). Átɛ́ɛk ́ ʉ́nyɛ tɛnkárak ́ kʉlɔ̂ omón lɛnyɛ́nāk lɛ́mɛ́ ́shʉ́nyɛ. I am bored because of these words of his that don't end. 3 • To repeatedly bother; trouble; psychologically make uncomfortable. Áagɨrá ɛnâ kɛráí aɛ́k amʉ̂ kɛ́batáta ɛnaaké tɛ súkuul. This child is troubling me because he is failing everyday in school. Áatɛɛká ɛnâ gárrɨ amʉ̂ képukú ɛnkɛ́jʉ This car is troubling me because the wheel is getting (coming) off. 2 • To

a-ɛká

be bored. Áɛ́ka. I am bored. (W). Ɛɛ́ka. He is bored. (W). Átɛ́ɛk ́ ɛ. I have become bored. (W). ɔltʉŋáni ɔɛ́ka person who is bored. v.mid. To

a-ɨtɛɛ́k To bore down with. ɛká- pn.b. Variant of first person singular verb prefix á- (or a-). ɛ-ɛ́ka n. Boredom. Á ́bá ɛɛ́ka. I hate boredom. (W). See: a-ɛ́k ‘To ɛkɛ-

weigh down’.

pn.b. Alternative

form of third person bound pronominal ɛ-.

Óre oldía ɛkɛ́nyá ́ta apá ɨnkɨdɔŋɔ́ ɔɔ́ nkɛrrá áâ nɨnyɛ́ ɛndáâ. The dog used to eat the tail of sheep as its food. (KS). See: ɛ- ‘Third person subject prefix on verbs’.

ol-ekelél

Nom sg: ol-ékelél. n. 1 • Circle.

Let's stand on a circle. 2 • Steering

car.

ɔ-ɛ́kɛny

Máítashó to lékelél.

wheel. olekelél lɛ́ ngárri Steering wheel of a

Nom sg: ɔ-ɛ́kɛ̂ny. Acc pl: i-ekényī. Nom pl: i-ékenyí. [Purko] Acc

sg: ɔ-yɛ́kɛny. [Purko] Nom sg: ɔ-yɛ́kɛ̂ny. n. Baboon.

Ɛnap ́ta

ɔyɛ́kɛ̂ny ɛnkiyîô ɛnyɛ́. The baboon is carrying his baby. (Pk). See: ɔl-tʉ́lal ‘Baboon’; ɔl-k ́ma ‘Ape, baboon’; l-dírikány; lótim [North] ‘Baboon’; l-désí [Chamus] ‘Baboon’;

lɛ́nkʉ́rbany ‘Baboon’.

a-ɛkɛnyá v. To work hard, toil, struggle; be wearied. Ág ́ra aɛkɛnyá aɨd ́p esíáai ɛ́ ́tʉ̂ ɛ́mútû. I am struggling to ɛkɨɛ́k ́-

finish the work before dusk.

of second person bound pronoun ɨ-. Óre tɛnákatá ɛk ́ákʉ iyíé oldîâ ɔ kɛnyá otúá. Now you will become a dog forever until you die. (KS). pn.b. Variant

pn.b. Variant

of first person plural bound pronominal prefix on

́ ́gɨrá áajo mátayioló iróreí lɔɔ́ verbs; we. Ɛk lMáásâ ̂. We are trying to learn about Maasai words. See: k ́-1 ‘1PL’.

l-ɛk ́ma [North] k ́ma ‘Vapor’.

[North] Nom sg: l-ɛ́kɨma. n. [North]

Haze.

See: lɛ-

ol-ékíŋúóŋúóre n. Sense of smell. N ́nya inkík ɨntaras ́ móítíé káke ká ́shɔ̄ siî nanʉ́ olékíŋúóŋúóre. You

will eat faeces forever, but I will also give you the sense of smell. (KS).

ol-ekitarrí [West] n. [West] Doctor. Emúíta Páapa lâî néjo olekitarrí ɛtɛ́ɛk ́ ʉ́nyɛ encotó nábō. My father is sick and the doctor said that one of his sides is paralyzed. (W).

ɛn-ɛ́kɔ́kɛ́sɛ̄nā n. Bat. a-ɛkʉnyɛ́ v. 1 • To weigh down or trouble, due to ill-function (typically used of body parts); be paralyzed. Káatɛɛkʉ́nyɛ nkaɨná. My hand is troubling me (eg. it is hurting or is no longer strong). (SN). Emúíta Páapa lâî néjo olekitarrí ɛtɛ́ɛk ́ ʉ́nyɛ encotó nábō. My father is sick and the doctor said that one of his sides is paralyzed. (W).

be bothered; be troubled. Átɛ́ɛk ́ ʉ́nyɛ tɛ nkárak ́ ésíáai nɛ́mɛ́ ́d ́pa I am bothered by the unfinished work. 2 • To

ol-ékúrúí a-ɛ́l

Acc pl: ɨl-ekúrú. n. Very

kíík ‘Faeces’.

Variant: a-yɛ́l. v.prog. 1 • To

dry animal droppings.

See: in-

smear with sth. (typically oil or fat);

annoint. Ɛg ́rá ́ áaɛl ɛnkɛ́ráí tɛ ɨlatá. The child is being smeared by oil. (Pk). Káɛl nkɛ́ráí. I will smear the child (with oil). (SN). Káɛ́la nkɛ́ráí ŋolé. I smeared the child (with oil) yesterday. (SN). Ɛg ́ra entitó ajút entúrótó naelíéki. The girl is rubbing off the chalk painted on her. (Pk).

́ ĺ â assimilate other(s) into the group; naturalize. Ɛɛ apá ɨlMaasá ́ ilorérén ɔɔ́tɨmɨrâ tɔ lárrábâl. The Maasai assimilated the people they defeated in war. (Pk). 3 • To speak in nice words in order to be less blunt; speak indirectly. Míntóki dúóó aɛ́l ɛmbáɛ tólimú aké ánaa ɛ́nátîû. Stop avoiding telling the truth of the matter as it is; say exactly what it is. (Pk). Note: 2nd argument may be PT (substance smeared on), or GOAL (item that receives the smeared substance) 2 • To

a-elíé

ɛldɛ̂

ɛlɛ̂

smear or paint with sth. Káélîê. I have painted with it (eg. oil). (S). Káélie nkɛ́ráí látá táatá. I will smear the child with oil now. (SN). Eyelíéki ɛldɛ̂ mʉ́rráni entúrótó amʉ̂ ɛ́ ́d ́pá intaléŋo. That warrior has been painted with chalk because he is done with the ceremony. (Pk). Ɛg ́ra ɨnkɛ́rá áaelie átɛ́ eréko. The children are painting themselves with the red ochre. (Pk). Variant: a-yelíé. To

Nom sg: ɛldɛ́. dem. Masculine

singular 1st distal demonstrative; that. Ɛldɛ́ payíán oirórokí ɛlɛ̂. That man is greeting this one. (Pk). Tálaŋa amʉ̂ etíī ɨntáre ɛldɛ̂ kékún lɔ́ɔ ́ lkɛjʉ́. Cross, because the goats and sheep are on that (other) bank of the river. (Pk). See: Pronouns-Demonstratives.

Nom sg: ɛlɛ́. [North] Acc sg: alɛ́. dem. Masculine

singular proximate

demonstrative; this. Ɛlɛ̂ payíán eirɔ́rɔ́k ̄ ɛldɛ́ l ́kaɨ. This man is being greeted by that other one. (Pk). Ɔlɛ́ nk ́tɛ́ŋ ɛlɛ̂ kɛ́ɛnɛ. This big leather strap belongs to the cow. (lit: This bell (is) that of a cow.). See: Pronouns-Demonstratives.

l-ɛ́lɛ́ʉ́ [North]

[North] Acc pl: l-elewîn. n. [North]

Sand lizard; male

ɛ́m-

of mʉ́ll ́áát. lizard’.

See: mʉ́l

́áát [North] ‘Female long-tailed sand

Variant: ɛ́-. pn.b. Variant

of plural subjunctive pronominal prefix, occurring before negative m- and other labial consonants. Bási émintóki áaɨshɔ ɛɨdapásha So don't let them disperse. náa tɛnáa émeyiolórō and even if they do not know each other. See: ɛ́n- ‘Plural Imperative prefix’.

Ɛmáli

n.prop. Name

of a famous cattle market for the Maasai, located in Kajiado District, Kenya.

ol-empéi n. Hippo. See: ɔl-tʉrʉ́ka ‘Hippo’. ɛn-1 Variant: ɛ-; ɛm-; ɛnk-; n-. gen. Feminine singular gender prefix. Ɛnɛ́ nkɨtɛŋ ɛnâ kɛ́ɛnɛ. This leather strap (normal size) ɛn-2 a-ɛ́n

belongs to the cow. gen. Gender

See: ɛ́ ‘of’.

prefix for place.

tie, tether, bind, fasten. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkáyíóní aɛ́n ɨnamʉ́ka. The boy is tying his shoes. (Pk). Tɛ́ɛna enetuduŋó ɛnkalɛ́m méítokí awó. Put a bandage on the area that the knife has cut so that it won't keep on bleeding. (Pk). Tɛ́ɛna ɛnkisunkúū ɛ́ nkɨlâ. Button your shirt. (Pk). Tɛ́ɛna ɔlkáráshá médōyīō. Tie your sheet (shuka) so that it does not fall. (Pk). Tɛ́ɛna ɔláshê peê méló. Tether the calf so that it does not go. (Pk). Ɨncɔɔ́kɨ ɛnkɛɛnɛ́ náéníé ɛlɛ̂ áshê. Give me a strap for tying this calf. (Pk). See: a-l ́d ‘To tie’. 2 • To protect with charms or magic, in order to ward off evil from persons, animals, or objects; be ritually or cremonially tied against disease or bad luck. Protection with a charm is done by special people, eg. of a certain clan, though it need not be il-oibonok. Ɛɛn ́ inkíshú. The cows are ritually tied (against disease or ill-luck). [This is done to make the bulls docile, when the long rains come and they are well fed.]. Variant: a-yɛ́n. v. 1 • To

Tɛ́ɛna intaré naá ́mɨnâ peê mɛ́nyá ilowuarák.

Invoke a charm to protect the flock that is lost so that the wild beasts won't eat them. (Pk). aɛná peê mémúóyu to

be tied ritually against diseases (Pk). Ɛshɔmɔ́ dúóó entúáa nɛ́ya ɔɛnɛ́t mɛtɛ́ɛnɨ. The pregnant woman went with the fee to have herself charmed. (Pk). ɔltʉŋáni ɔɛ́n ̄shɔ̄ a person who is tied against disease/bad luck. 3 • [North] To perform a kind of curse or sorcery. plait. aɛ́n ɨlpáp ́t to plait hair (Pk). 5 • To arrest; seize and detain s.o. by legal authority; imprison. Ɛtɛɛnákɨ olpúrríshóí. The thief was arrested. 4 • To

a-ɛná

v.mid. 1 • To

be tied, bound. Áɛ́na tɛ ɔlmʉ́mai. I am tied

by oath. 2 • [North] To be under a curse.

a-ɛnaá

v.dir. 1 • To

wrap. 2 • To tie away.

a-ɛnarɛ́ To be fastened with, tied with; tied down (to). aɛnarɛ́ ɛnkɛɛnɛ́ to be fastened with a leather strap (Pk). aɛnarɛ́ ɛncaní to be tied down to a tree (Pk). a-ɛnɨk ́ [North] [North] To tie to. a-ɛ́n emotí To perform ceremony of tying the drinking pot ɛ́nɛnaɛnâ

soon after circumcision (lit: To tie the pot).

Variant: ɛ́-. pn.b. Plural

imperative and subjunctive pronominal ́ cɔm áŋ! Go home! Ɛm ́ intóki áarari idia verb prefix. Ɛn áló! (You pl.) keep to that side! dem. Cliticized

variant of ɛnâ 'this'.

[ɛnnâ] Variant: ɛna. Nom sg: ɛná. [North] Acc sg: aná. pn.dem. 1 • Feminine

singular proximal demonstrative; this. Ɛnâ kitók náípotito ɛndâ. This woman is calling that one. ɛnâ ayíónī this boy. Ɛákʉ ɛná k ́tɛŋ ɛnaáí. This cow will become mine. Kɔ́bɔ́r aná k ́tɛŋ. This cow is calm. (SN). Ɔlɔ́ rkɨtɛŋ ɛnâ kɛ́ɛnɛ. This leather strap (normal size) belongs to the ox. (Pk). Enkíné natorúá osíkíria ɛná. This is the goat that was kicked by the donkey. (PK). Ɛnâ kíné natorúá osíkíria This goat that has been kicked by

the donkey (Pk). Ká ́nyɔ̄ɔ ̄ ɛná? What is this? (W). ɛncɔlatá ɛ́na ́látā melting of this fat. 2 • Preface to a common noun when the noun is used as a form of address. Tápala siî siî ɛná áyíóní empúróre. Please, lad, stop stealing! (Pk).

ɛnadúóó Previously-mentioned. tɛnâ At this. See: Pronouns-Demonstratives; ɛlɛ̂ ‘This (masc.)’. ́ úɛ́tá ɛnadoí ɛnadoí dem. An indefinitely short time back. Ɛk tárákuet nág ̄rā adaá aɨŋataá oldîâ. The impala that was grazing has run away from the dog. ɛna- ‘This’.

See: dúóó ‘Earlier’;

ɛnárɛ̄ adv. Appropriate; ought to; suitable; desirable. Ɛnárɛ̄ nɛ́nyɔk inkɛ́râ pɔ́ɔk ̄ ̄ náatií sukúul. All the children in school ought to work hard.

ɛncɛ̂ [Chamus] ɛndâ

endê

enê

See: a-narɛ́ ‘To

pn.psr. [Chamus]

names. See: ɛnyɛ̂ ‘Their’.

be fitting’.

Their. ɨnkárn ɛncɛ̂ their

Nom sg: ɛndá. [North] Acc sg: andâ. dem. Feminine

singular demonstrative, 1st degree of distalness; that. Ɛndâ kitók éípot ɛná. That woman is being called by this one. (Pk). ɛnâ búku nárɔ́k ɔ ɛ́nda this black book and that one (ie. another black book) (W). andâ kiporóo that scar (S). See: Pronouns-Demonstratives. Nom sg: endé. dem. 2nd

Distal locative demonstrative, indicating a place away from both speaker and addressee; there. Túŋūāī enê, shɔ́mɔ endê. Leave here; go there. ́ (Pk). Ɨyakákɨ enturét náló aturíé endê. Bring me a hoe so that I can go and dig there. See: PronounsDemonstratives. Nom sg: ené. Variant: éne. dem. Proximal

locative demonstrative, indicating area where the speaker is; here. Óu enê nátíī. Come here where I am. Ɛg ́ra aɨrrɨʉ́ ɛnkayíóni enê natíī. She is sending the boy where I am. Mɛmánya enkúukuû énê. No wild animal lives here. (W).

ɛnɛ-

ɛ́nɛ̂

See: Pronouns-Demonstratives. Acc pl: ɨnɛ-. psr.prt. The

one(s) of; used with a following demonstrative or gender-prefixed noun. ɛnɛ ́lɔ ári of that year. Ant: ɔ́lɛ̂- ‘Of (masculine)’. See: ɛ́ ‘Feminine singular possessor’.

Variant: ɛnɛ-. psr.prt. A

feminine possessed item belonging to a feminine possessor; of, belonging to. Ɛnɛ́ nkitojó ɛná kɛ́jʉ. This leg belongs to the hare/rabbit. (lit: This leg is of the rabbit.). Óre ɛná k ́tɛ́ŋ náa ɛ́nɛ̂ Tima. This cow belongs to Tima. Kéúlu apá ɛnɛ́ nkɨŋasíá. He was an ́ ɛ̂ interesting glutton. (lit: He was a glutton of a wonder.). Ɛn ŋá ́ ɛná k ́tɛŋ. [ɛ̀nɛ̀ ŋá ́] Who's heifer is this? ɛnɛ ɛ ́kɨŋa. It is s.o. else's. (W). See: ɔ́lɛ̂ ‘Of a masculine referent’.

ɔ-ɛnɛ́t

Nom sg: ɔ-ɛ́nɛ́t. Acc pl: ɨ-yɛnɛ́ta. Nom pl: ɨ-yɛ́nɛta. [North] Nom

sg: ɛ́nɛt. [North] Acc pl: ɛnɛ́ta. [North] Nom pl: ɛ́nɛta. n. 1 • Knot.

lɛ́ nkɛɛnɛ́ Knot of a strap.

ɔɛnɛ́t

2 • Small

ɛnk-

fee (perhaps 30 to 100 Ksh) made to compensate a flock or herd which has been protected by ɛɛnarɛ́ when one member of the protected flock or herd is given away. If the fee is not paid, it is believed that the charm is broken. If the owner sells an animal from the herd or flock, he does not need to pay himself because the charm against harm does not apply to the owner. Ɨmɛrɛy ́ oshî intarɛ́ mɛ́átā ̄ ɔɛnɛ́t. Sheep cannot be taken away without a tying fee. 3 • Small fee paid by a pregnant woman to a traditional medicine man for a charm to protect herself and the unborn child against illness and misfortune. Ɛshɔmɔ́ dúóó entúáâ nɛ́ya ɔɛnɛ́t mɛtɛ́ɛnɨ. The pregnant woman went with the fee to have herself charmed. 4 • [North] Knot used in cursing, to bind s.o. or sth. See: ɛl ́dátá ‘Knot’; ɛ-yɛ́nátá ‘Knot’. gen. Variant

of the feminine singular gender prefix ɛn-, occurring before some vowel-initial noun stems. See: ɛn-1.

ɛ́nkʉna

v.imp. Imperative

plural of 'take'.

See: a-ikó ‘To

do’; ́nkʉna;

ɛnɔ́-

inkó ‘Take it (imperative)’. Acc pl: ɛnɔɔ́-. gen. Feminine

prefix on a gender-inflected noun, indicating "that belongs to [noun]" or "pertaining to [noun]"; of. Enólkerretí apá léméló sukúul ɛndá kítok. That woman is of the tradition (in which people) never used to go to school. Ɛtalákɨ apá á ́ ɔlɔ́ŋ ɛnɔɔ́silân tɛndá âŋ. That home had a girl who died the other day. (lit: There was a loss the other day of one of the girl-types at that home.) (Pk). ɛnɔɔ́-silân is a euphemistic way of referring to a girl that has died without having to say her name. See: ɔlɔɔ́- ‘Of’.

ɛ́ntʉ̄rʉ̄j [South] ɛnyɛ́

[North] ‘Nine’.

Nine.

See: nááudo ‘Nine’; sáâl

Nom sg: ɛ́nyɛ. Acc pl: ɛnyɛ̂. Nom pl: ɛ́nyɛ́. pn.psr. Third

person singular possessive pronoun used with a feminine singular possessed noun; 'his, her (feminine thing)'. Nɛ́n ̄ŋ entítō ɛnyɛ́ bótór ɛranyak ́ enká ́ ajokí. He heard his older daughter singing to the younger one. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí aishóp ɛnkɨlâ ɛnyɛ́ sídáí. The child is wearing his best shirt. (Pk). See: ɛnyɛ́nā(k) ‘His, her’; Pronouns-Possessives.

ɛn-ɛnyɛ́

ɛnyɛ̂

num. [South]

Nom sg: ɛn-ɛ́nyɛ. Acc pl: ɨn-ɛnyɛ́na. Nom pl: ɨn-ɛ́nyɛná. pn.psr.

Third person singular possessive pronoun used when the possessed referent is feminine, and when the pronominal is the head of its own noun phrase; his, hers. Ɛnɛnyɛ́ ɛná k ́tɛŋ. This cow is his. Óre ɔltʉŋáni pɔɔk ́ ólô amány ɛnkɔ́p nɛ́mɛ̂ ɛnɛnyɛ̂ náa ɔyáti tɛ ́nâ kɔ̂p. Any person who migrates to some country which is not his is a nonnative resident of that area. (Pk). See: ɛnyɛ́ ‘His’. pn.psr. Third

person plural possessive pronoun of a feminine plural or singular noun; 'their (feminine thing(s))'. Nɛ́yá inkíshú ɛnyɛ̂ ó isirkôn. He took their cows and donkies. See: ɛncɛ̂ ‘Their’.

ɛnyɛ́nā(k)

Nom sg: ɛ́nyɛná. pn.psr. Third

person singular possessive pronoun of a plural (feminine) possessed item, 'his, her (feminine things)'. If the prefix l- occurs, the possessed item is masculine; oherwise it is feminine. Ɛshɔmɔ́ dúóó areú

inkishú ɛnyɛ́nā. He went to bring his cows. (Pk). Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian akarsisú amʉ̂ ɛ́tʉ́bʉ́lâ intókitin ɛ́nyɛná pɔ́ɔk ̄ ̄. The man is getting rich because his things are increasing. (Pk). Átɛ́ɛk ́ ʉ́nyɛ tɛnkárak ́ kʉlɔ̂ omón lɛnyɛ́nāk lɛ́mɛ́ ́shʉ́nyɛ. I am bored because of these

words of his that don't end. (W). See: ɛnyɛ́ ‘His, her’; PronounsPossessives.

a-ɛnyɨɛ́ny

be bouncy, springy. Restrict: Cannot be used of a ball.. Kɛ́ɛny ́ɛny olóríka. The seat is bouncy (soft). 2 • To be bloated or inflated from eating too much. 3 • To be full of impatience. See: a-s ́ ‘To be impatient’.

ɨl-ɛ́nyɔ́k

[àɛ̀nyɪ ̀ɛ́ny - two moras at end] v.s. 1 • To

Nom pl: ɨl-ɛnyɔ́k. [West] Acc sg: ɨl-ɛ́ŋyɔ́k. n.pl. Restrict: Not for cat's

tail. Hairs

of an animal's tail, like that of a cow or zebra.

Níkipuo áaduŋuduŋ ɨlɛ́nyɔ́k lɔɔ́ ɨlkɨdɔŋɔ́ lɔɔ́ isirkôn. We will go cut into pieces hair from the donkey's tails.

See: ɔl-páp

́tá ‘Hair’.

́ a-eŋú v. To be deprived of; lack. Ɨwa ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ inó amʉ̂ maéŋu. Take your cow because I will not lack. See: aɨtɛɛ́ŋ ‘To deprive of’.

eóó [North]

interj. [North]

Yes? What? Usage: used by women. See: óê [North] ‘Yes? What? (used by men)’.

ɛ́paɛ́ɛ interj. Of course, certainly. a-epíé [North] [àèpyé] v. 1 • [North] To cause sth. to follow the course of a river.

To swipe, loot, make off with. Káépie. I have swiped (stolen) it. (S). 2 • [North]

a-ɛpʉ́

v. To

a-eré

PF: a-taerió. In some suffixed forms: a-erek. v.s. To

child.

sleep beside s.o. Áépūā ɛnkɛ́ráí. I slept beside the

stop breastfeeding. Eérē ɛnk ́tɛŋ oláshê. The cow has stopped breastfeeding the calf. Áérē ɛnkɛ́ráí. I will stop breastfeeding the child. Eéreki ɛnkɛ́ráí The child is

éro

weaned.

voc. Vocative

greeting used between men of the same age, or with a man younger than the male speaker; term of address used in a teasing, but friendly, way. Usage: very informal. Érṑ ára Konené You of Konene! (W). Syn: eéto ‘Vocative greeting between men’; eérō ‘Boy (voc)’.

l-ɛ́rɔ́mpɔ́ [North] n. [North] Hyena. See: ɔl-ŋɔj ́nɛ ‘Hyena’. ésaí Variant: ésaáí. interj. Amen. ... amʉ̂ tɛ Yesu Kristo kíomón iyíé. Ésaí. ... because it is in Jesus Christ that we pray. Amen. (C).

a-ɛsɛ́k

v. To

outsmart; get the better of by craftiness, trickery, or devious methods; outwit, wangle. Ɛɛ́sɛk. He will get the ́ ɛ́k. He will wangle / get the better of... (W). better of her. Ɛs aɛsɛ́k ɔltʉŋáni ayá inkíshú ɛnyɛ́na to trick somebody to take his cows.

éserîân [North]

greeting. [North]

Greeting to women. Syn: takúɛ́nya ‘Greeting to women’. See: sʉ́pa ‘Greeting’.

l-ésómúá [North] Syn: en-cóliek

Nom sg: l-esomúá. n. [North]

‘Companionship’.

Companionship.

a-ɛ́sh v. To make things overlap. a-ɛ́t v.prog. To empty an enclosed container completely or partially (of things), removing items one by one. There are size and shape constraints on the container. It cannot be a table, house, car, gourd or donkey. It can be a bag, pot, pocket, basket, one's mouth at the dentist if he is taking out one tooth at a time; etc. aɛ́t olbɛ́nɛ́ To remove items from a bag. aɛ́t emotí To remove chunks of food from a pot. Note: Hypothesis: Container has to be of the size that s.o. could carry.

a-ɛtʉ́

remove items one by one. aɛtʉ́ inkuashên tɔ́ lbɛnɛ́ To remove potatoes one by one from the bag. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí aɛtʉ́ ilmósor tɔ lbené adány. The baby is removing eggs one at a time from the bag to break them. See: a-ɨt ‘To do in installments’. v.dir. To

-ɛ́t

Plural: -ɛ́ta. nmlz. Nominalizer

ɛ́tɔ̂n

creating a noun referring to the instrument with which an action is done. enduŋét knife (ie. 'thing used for cutting'). ɛnáíshó najî ɛnk ́rɔ́rɛ́t beer that is called "the talking-one" (lit: beer that is called 'thing to talk with'). (lit: it/they remain). ɛ́tɔ̂n áâ ɛnɔɔ́ lɔɔ́ ́bɔ̄r ɛnkɔ̂p when the land was still for the whites. Kɛ́tɔn apá ɛatâ ̂ ɛmperdédi ɛ́lɛ órere? Are there still remnants of those people? See: a-tɔ́n ‘To sit, remain’. v.aux. Still

ɛ́tɔ́n ɛ́ ́tʉ̂ (+L tone on following verb) 1 • Compound

[ɛ̀tɔ̀n ɛ̀ ̀tʉ̀] v.aux.

auxiliary verb indicating still, not yet, before. Áyíéú shái ɛtɔn ɛɨtʉ [L]adáa. I want tea before I eat. (W). Ɛɨnyáŋūā sháai ɛ Kɛnya ɛtɔn ɛɨtʉ [L]elotú. He bought Kenyan tea before he came. (W). Áínyáŋūā sháai ɛ Kɛ́nya ɛtɔn ɛɨtʉ [L]alotú. I bought Kenyan tea before I came. (W). A: Íkúɛ́t ɔpá? B: Ɛɛ́, naárr ́ tɛ sukúul ɛtɔn ɛɨtʉ [L]anatáyu. A: Did you used to run? B: Yes, those days in school, before I became pregnant. (W). See: ` ‘Low Tone Temporal/Subjunctive Conjunction’. yet. Kéírébuk ɨnk ́laní amʉ̂ ɛtɔn ɛɨtʉ [L]etoyú olêŋ. The cloths are damp because they are not yet completely dry. (Pk). See: a-tɔ́n ‘To sit’; ɛ́tɔ̂n ‘Still’. 2 • Not

-etú Plural form of a-éu 'to come' in Perfect(ive) aspect or

Subjunctive mood. See: a-éū ‘To come (subjunctive)’; a-lotú ‘To come (singular subject)’.

a-ɛtʉ́ [North] -etuo

v.dir. 1 • [North]

To pull a piece of meat from a

pot; snatch out of. 2 • [North] To snatch from danger. Variant: -otuo

[North]. v.pf.pl. Irregular Perfect(ive) plural of a-lotú 'to come'. Kíetûô. We came. Íétuo. You (pl) came. Eétuo. They came. Néyiolouní áajo eétuo ɛnadúóó áŋ. It was known that they came to that home. Óre apá

peê ɛmʉrat ́shɔ ɛldɛ́ páyian néyetúó osotúá lɛ́nyɛ

pɔɔk ́ áarēt. When that man circumcised (his children), all his relatives came to help. See: -euo ‘Came; have come’; aéū ‘To come (subjunctive)’; a-lotú ‘To come (sg)’; áa-puo ‘To come (pl)’.

l-ɛ́tʉ́rŋʉ́ŋ [North] n. [North] Type of bee. See: ol-otórokî ‘Bee’. ol-eturót n. Sphaeranthus gomphrenoides. Type of plant. a-éū [North]: a-yíéw, a-éū. [North]: iwon. [Chamus]: íwʉ. IMPER: óū. PL.SUBJN: -etu. In some suffixed forms: -eun. v.subjn. Subjunctive

suppletive form of a-lotú 'to come'. Ág ́ra abikokí meéū amʉ̂ maló naá ɛ́ ́tʉ̂ adúaarɛ. I am waiting for him to come because I cannot go without seeing him. Shɔ́mɔ tɔ́rɔjɔ sútúó linó meéu bɔɔ́. Go and signal your friend to come out. (SN). Má ́dɨm aéu. I cannot come. M ́nd ́m aéu. You cannot come. Mɛ́ ́dɨm aéu. He cannot come. Ká ́dɨm ayíéw táísere. I will be able to come tomorrow. (S). Óū enêǃ [wóū] Come hereǃ (W). See: a-lotú ‘To come’; euo ‘Perfect(ive) of a-lotú 'to come'’.

áa-etú To come (pl.). Mɛ́ ́dim áaetú They cannot come. -euo Variant: -ewuo; -yewûô. PL.PF: -étuo. PL.PF [alternative variant, North]: -

otuo. v.pf. To have come. Suppletive Perfect(ive) aspect form of a-lotú 'to come'. Áeuo. I came. Íeuo. You (sg) came. Eéuo He/she came. Ḱetûô. We came. Eétuo. They came. Kéyéwuo dúóó aké n ́nyɛ ɛlɛ̂ páyian. This man just came. Eyéwuo dúóó oltúkútuk ónapɨta ɔlpayíán obô. A motor-cycle that was carrying one man came. (Pk). Laɨŋɔ́nɨ ɔ́rɔ́k óeúó nkáŋ. It is the black bull that came home. (SN). Áaeúó ɛldɛ̂ páyian aisilén iropiyíán áinéí. That man has come to borrow money from me. (Pk). Eéuo olákúyia tɛ mísimísī ŋolé. The old man came in the darkness (ie. at night) yesterday. (W). Nɛ́dɛ̄k ajokí:

"Tɔ́rrɔ́bɔn ́, kéyíé óeúō adúŋ ɛnkɛɛnɛ́ ɛ́nkáí? Táā aɨs ́nān ̄ ánāā apá aké peyíê ɨrá." He cursed him by

saying: "Hunter, is it you who came to cut the strap of God? Become poor like you've always been![óewúō] See: a-ló ‘To go’.

áa-eyepo v.pl. To copulate, have sexual intercourse. a-eyú Variant: a-yeyú. [North]: a-eyí. v.incep. Usage: cows, women. To cease to lactate; go dry (of milk). Ɛg ́ra ɛnk ́tɛŋ aeyú. The cow is drying up. Eyó. It has dried up (of milk). a-eyí [North] PF: -o. v.incep. [North] To go dry (of wells, lactating women, cows).

See: a-eyú ‘To

cease to lactate’.

G-g g Letter representing the Maa voiced velar stop consonant /g/. a-galál v.prog. To gargle. Ɛg ́ra enkítok agalál ɔlcaní. The woman is gargling medicine (intentionally). Ɛg ́ra enkítok agalalak ́ ɛnkɛráí kʉlɛ́ The woman is causing the child to gargle the milk.

a-gám v.prog. 1 • To clamp, grip, hold tightly. Ágám ́ta ɔlbɛ́nɛ́ peê médóyio. I am holding the bag tightly so it doesn't fall. 2 • To

be constipated. Usage: rare ?.

ɛn-gámátá

Nom sg: ɛn-gamatá. Acc pl: in-gamát. Nom pl: in-gamát. n. n.

Gripping, pincing. Áaitotiro ɛngamatá inkáík. The gripping has made my hands ache. (Pk). See: a-gám ‘To clamp’. 2 • n. Narrow but passable gap between two rocks, cliffs, trees, etc.; rift.

n-gár ́c [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-gar

[North] Hunting blind.

gársîs [North]

́c. [North] Acc pl: n-gárícî. n.

[North] Nom sg: gársis. [North] Acc pl: garsisî. [North] Nom

pl: gársisî. adj. 1 • [North]

Rich in sth. (cattle, wives, money, etc.). 2 • [North] Clever (of a child). See: kársîs ‘Rich’.

a-garsisú [North] v.incep. [North] To become rich. ɔl-gárrámɛ́t Nom sg: ɔl-garramɛ́t. Acc pl: ɨl-gárrámɛta. Nom pl: ɨl-

garrámɛta. [North] Nom sg: l-gárrámɛ́ta. n. 1 • Tongs, burdizzo. In Samburu, these are made of metal by blacksmiths. Íyaʉ́ ɔlgárrámɛ́t máídoŋ ́ kʉlɔ̂ óroi. Bring a burdizzo so that we can castrate these he-goats. (Pk). 2 • [North] Wooden tongs made by women to pick up hot coals.

en-gárranî n. The bushes usually grow in groups.Type of bush. ɛn-gárri Nom sg: ɛn-gárrî. Acc pl: ɨn-gárrīn. Nom pl: ɨn-gárrîn. [North] Acc

Ɛ́ ́má ɛngárrî ɔlbarɨbára. The car has passed on the road. (Pk). nkɛjʉ́ ɛ́ nkárri tyre of a car (SN). Kópuonú áapuoyie aná árri. They will come to go via this vehicle. (SN). Étóóshó oldîâ láí ɛngárrî. My dog has sg: nk-árri. n. Car.

been hit by a car.

Borrowed word: English 'car'.

ɛn-gárri ɛ́ nk ́má [ɛ̀ŋɡárɪ ̀ ɛ́ŋk!ɪ ́má] Railway train (lit: car of fire). e-sekenkêî ɛ́ ngárri ɛ́ nk ́má Railway line. a-gás [North] v. [North] To begin, start; be the first. a-gasʉ́ v.dir. To begin, start. See: a-ŋás ‘To begin, start, be first’. ɛn-gaséti Nom sg: ɛn-gáseti. Acc pl: ɨn-gasetiní. Nom pl: ɨn-gásetiní ?. n. Newspaper.

Borrowed word: gazette < English.

n-gas ́rɨm [North] n. [North] Sugarcane. See: ol-kikúá ‘Sugarcane’. ɛn-gɛ́ɛm ́ Nom sg: ɛn-gɛɛ́m. Acc pl: ɨn-géémí. Nom pl: ɨn-geemí. n. delicacy.ACC. 1 • Delicacy. 2 • Fat

piece of meat. ingéémí fat meats.

l-geéti [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-géeti. [North] Acc pl: l-gɛɛ́t. [North] Nom

pl: l-gɛ́ɛt. n. 1 • [North]

a-gɛ́l

Wart or raised mole. 2 • [North] Hemorrhoid. v. 1 • To

divide, sort out (eg. separate out bad rice, beans, or maize from the rest). Ɛt́ ɛ́gɛ́lá ɔlpáyian inkíshú ánaa ɨnkájíjík. The man has divided the cows according to houses (wives). Kégōl esíáai nágɛ̄l ̄ ɨlpáyɛ̂k ɔ́ mpɔ́ɔś hɔ̂. The work of sorting out maize and beans is hard work. Tɛ́gɛla olmushéle. Sort out the rice (to remove the bad ones). isolate sth.; separate. Ágɛ́láa entítō mɛtálamaa inkúlîê. I will isolate the girl to stay apart from the rest. (W). See: a-ór ‘To divide’. 2 • To

a-gɛlaá

v.dir. 1 • To

segregate, separate. See: a-kɛlɛlaá ‘To separate’; a-r ́sh ‘To divide, separate, keep away’.

2 • To

separate and drive away (esp. animals).

a-gɛlʉ́ v.dir. 1 • To choose, select out; elect. Tɛ́gɛlʉ́ ́nâ k ́tɛ́ŋ tɔɔ́ nkíshu. Sort out that cow from the rest of the herd! Káji eikoní tɛ nɛ́gɛlʉn ́ ɔ laigúɛ́nani. How do they elect the age-set leader?

pick up; separate. Tɛ́gɛlʉ́. Pick it up (eg. rice from a tray). (W). Eg ́ra Lɛpáapa agɛlʉ́ ɨlpáɛ́k oóíbukorí. Lepaapa is trying to pick up the corn that spilled. (W). 2 • To

a-gɛlak ́

v.dat. 1 • To

choose sth. for s.o. 2 • To separate and hand over to the owner.

a-gɛlarí To want to move away with one's belongings; love to be on one's own, live alone, isolate one's self.

ɛn-gɛ́lárɛ́

Nom sg: ɛn-gɛlarɛ́,

ɛn-gɛ́larɛ. Acc pl: ɨn-gɛlaritín. Nom pl: ɨn-

gɛ́laritín. n. 1 • Election. Kʉlɔ̂ tʉ́ŋáná dóí ɨlaŋorók lááinéí tɛná gɛ́larɛ. These people are my supporters in this election. 2 • [North] Collection of donations; harambee. See: a-gɛ́l ‘To sort’.

a-gɛlɛ́m

v.prog. 1 • To

castrate.

See: a-idóŋ ‘To

pound; castrate by

beating’. 2 • [North] To castrate a calf by removing the testicles surgically. See: a-cʉ́t [North] ‘To surgically castrate a bull’. 3 • To

trick, cheat. Usage: slang, insult; not many people would use the word in this sense..

n-gɛ́lɛ́mata [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-gɛlɛ́mata. [North] Acc pl: n-

gɛlɛmát. n. [North] Castration of a domestic animal with a knife.

l-gɛ́lɨm ̂ [North] Nom pl: l-gɛl

[North] Nom sg: l-gɛ́lɨm .̂ [North] Acc pl: l-gɛ́lɨm. [North]

́m. n. [North] Small brown bird that hoots.

n-gélúnotó [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-gelúnotó. [North] Acc pl: n-

gelunót. [North] Nom pl: n-gélunót. n. [North] Election.

a-gɛ́m

v.prog. 1 • To

cease bleeding (of a wound, or a woman's

period). Ɛtɛ́gɛ́má ɔlbáɛ̂. The wound stopped bleeding. 2 • To dry up.

l-gɛ̂r [North]

Nom sg: l-gɛ́r. n.sg. [North]

Mercy, kindness, pity. See: ɔl-ŋûr ‘Mercy’; l-ŋɛ̂r [North] ‘Mercy’.

gɛ́rɛj Nom sg: gɛ́rɛ̂j. n. Garage. Borrowed word: English garage. l-gɛsɛ́n [North] [North] Nom sg: l-gɛ́sɛn. n. [North] Skin worn by the mother at the time of her child's (boy or girl) circumcision. See: a-kɛsɛ́n ‘To tie on a skirt’.

l-gíitâ [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-gíitâ. [North] Acc pl: l-giitaní. [North] Nom

Rope, string. Alɛ̂ gíitâ ápórórīē anâ ŋɛ́rɛ́m. This rope is what I will use to creep/climb over this precipice. (SN). Kógól alɛ́ gíitâ lɛ́ ndʉpái olêŋ. [ndʊ̀pái] This sisal rope is very strong. (SN). pl: l-gíitaní. n. [North]

a-g ́l

v.prog. 1 • To

pencil.

break sth. Kág ́l ́ta ɛnkalámʉ. I'm breaking the

bend sth. flexible over; fold. Ág ́l ́ta ɛnkɨlâ peê akɔnɔ́r. I am folding the cloth to keep it. (W). Mátɨgɨl kʉ́ŋ Let's kneel. (lit: Let's bend the knees.). See: a-kórd ‘To bend sth.’; a-shúk ‘To return’. 2 • To

change money. T ́gɨla kʉnâ pésaí. Change this money for me. 3 • To

reduce the quantity of sth. Ɛt́ ́g ́lá ɔlámeyu ɨntáre. The draught has reduced the number of sheep. 5 • [North] To postpone (eg. a meeting). 4 • To

a-g ́l ɛnkɔ́shɔkɛ To eat less than one usually eats, so as to starve the stomach (lit: to break the stomach).

a-g ́l enkoríóŋ To rest (lit: to break the back). a-g ́l nkɛjɛ́k [North] 1 • [North] To rest. 2 • To

a-gɨlá

walk slowly (lit: to break the legs).

v.mid. 1 • To

be broken, get broken. Kɛ́g ́la lpiróí

ɔ́taárrarra. The firestick which is old will break. (SN). Ɛt́ ́g ́lɛ ɛnkainá. His arm is broken. (W). Ɛtɨg ́lɛ ɔlálai lâî. My tooth broke. (W). 2 • To

be folded up. Restrict: flat flexible item. 3 • To be mid to late afternoon (about 2:00 to 4:00 p.m.). Restrict: Sun. Ɛg ́la ɛnkɔ́lɔŋ. It is mid-afternoon. (lit: The sun is bent.).

a-gɨlaá

v.dir. 1 • To

a-gilíé

v.apass. 1 • To

break sth. as one goes away. 2 • [North] To reduce speed in running (esp. out of fear). 2 • To

a-gɨlʉ́

cut with.

break with.

v.dir. 1 • To

break sth. off, intending to use or keep it. 2 • To repeatedly do sth. to try to dominate s.o., to the point that they are tired of it; fastidiate. 3 • To pour liquid into another container.

a-gilunó To be broken off from. áa-giluno v.pl. 1 • To fastidiate each other; keep on doing sth. to each other until the other gives in.

outdo, dominate each other. Kɛ́ára ɨlɔɨŋɔ́k lɛ́ mbɔɔ́ nabô áagiluno. The bulls of one kraal continually strive against one another (try to dominate). Ɛg ́ra ɨnkɛ́râ áagiluno tɛ súkuúl The children are trying to outdo each other at school. 2 • To

a-gilunoré To go against, oppose. Kétíú ánaa iyíóók egilúnoré kʉlɔ́ tʉŋaná. It seems these people are against ɔl-gɨlái

us.

Nom sg: ɔl-g

Tree sp.

́lai. Acc pl: ɨl-gɨlá. Nom pl: ɨl-g ́la. [North] Acc sg: l-gɨláɨ. n.

Teclea simplicifolia.

n-g ́lákínotó [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-gɨlakínotó. n. [North]

Curve, corner, bend (eg. of a river).

ɛn-g ́látá

break (eg. place where a stick or bone is broken). See: a-g ́l ‘To break sth.’. 2 • Nook, enclave (eg. very small room). 3 • Fold of cloth. 4 • A repetition. 5 • Small section out of a big section of a clan; subsection, subclan. 6 • [North] Adjournment.

ɔl-g ́látá

Nom sg: ɛn-gɨlatá. Acc pl: ɨn-gɨlát. Nom pl: ɨn-gɨlát. n. 1 • A

1•A

section of sth. that has been divided (eg. a partition, room, alcove). 2 • Clan. All clan members put distinguishing marks on their cows. 3 • [North] The entry to a feeder stream in a riverbed.

a-gɨrá1 v.mid. 1 • To be silent, quiet. T ́gɨrayú amʉ̂ kérrinyúnyie aké n ́n ̄! Be quiet because mother will come back! Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian airoríé enkitók ɛnyɛ́ nag ́ra. The man is

talking to his wife who is listening (lit: who is silent). (Pk). Kɛ́t ́g ́rɛ. He was silent. (S). See: ɛn-g ́ra ‘Silence’; girût ‘Silent’; arɔ́k táʉ ‘To not show feelings’. 2 • To have a naturally quiet, soft-spoken manner (of people). This does not describe a negative quality. Underlyingly the person may be cheerful, responds when spoken to and is polite, but just does not talk a lot. ɔltʉŋáni ɔg ́ra person who is silent; quiet, soft-spoken. 3 • To do slowly or listlessly. be exact; nothing more. Tɛ n ́nkɛn ilkimojík lɔɔ́nká ́k pokíra nɛ́ra tɔ́mɔ̂n nɛ́g ̄rā. If you count the fingers of both hands, they are ten and that is all. (Pk). 4 • To

a-gɨrá2

v.aux. 1 • Progressive

auxiliary verb which indicates that an action is in process. Áagɨrá ɛnkɛráí ayak ́ ɛnamʉ́kɛ. The child is bringing a shoe for me. Ág ́ra aló enetíí Pápâ. I am

going to my Dad. [planning to go, or in process of going] (lit: I ́ ́rá ̄ áatur ɛnkɔ́p am quiet to go to where my Dad is). Ɛg peê euní ɨmpɔɔshɔ́. The ground is being dug so that beans can be planted. (Pk). Átɔ́dúa Tôm ɛgɨrá arɛwɨshɔ́. I saw Tom when he was driving. (either actually driving, or learning to drive). See: a-ɨrrág ‘To do continuously’.

try. Ág ́ra adaá. i) I am eating (at this moment). ii) I am trying to eat. (W). Ɛg ́ra Kónené akɛ́d oldóínyó, káke mɛɨd ́mʉ. Konene is (currently) trying to climb the mountain, ́ ́gɨrá áajo mátayioló but he will not be able to. (W). Ɛk iróreí lɔɔ́ lMáásâ ̂. We are trying to learn about Maasai words. 2 • To

ɛn-g ́ra

Nom sg: ɛn-g

girût ‘Silent’.

́râ. n. Silence.

L-g ́raní [North]

See: a-gɨrá ‘To

be silent’;

[North] Nom sg: L-g

́raní. [North] Acc pl: L-g ́râ. [North] Nom pl: L-g ́râ. n.prop. [North] A Turkana-Samburu person.

l-g ́rg ́rrɛ́t [North] n. [North]

ol-gɨrg ́rrɨ

[North] Nom sg: l-gɨrgɨrrɛ́t. [North] Acc pl: l-bɨrbɨrɛtí.

Metal file.

Etymology: Recently introduced item.

Nom sg: ol-g

́rg ́rrɨ. Acc pl: il-gɨrg ́rr. Nom pl: il-gɨrg ́rr. n. Plant used for making roof rafters and sticks to fight with. This plant is the origin of the placename 'Gilgil.'.

l-giriâî [North]

n. [North]

the roots of the plant.

Henna bush. Henna is prepared from

ol-gírímâ n. Head (of household). Ɛg ́ra olgírímâ lɛ́ nkaŋ aitujúŋ ɨlayîôk lɛnyɛ́na. The head of the home is bequeathing (to) his sons. (Pk).

a-giroó

pass by, go beyond sth. Négiróo. He passed (by sth.). Kátígíróyie. He proceeded beyond it. (S). See: a-k ́rr ‘To traverse, pass through’. v.dir. To

a-gɨrʉ́ v.dir. To pass towards the point of reference. girût Nom sg: gírut. Acc pl: girútī. Nom pl: gírutí. adj. Not talkative, quiet,

tends to be silent. This is a long-term personality characteristic.

ɛn-g ́ra n. Silence. See: a-gɨrá ‘To be quiet’. a-gírr v. To drag sth. on the ground without lifting it up, against some kind of resistance. Ág ́ra agirroó ololá. I am dragging the luggage.

a-girró

v.mid. To

keep on dragging one's self, without primarily using the legs or arms; scoot. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí k ́tɨ agirró. ́ yɔ́rr ɛnkɛráí k ́tɨ The child is dragging herself. Ɛn atogírrōyū tɛ nkɔ̂p. A small child will like to drag on the ground.

a-girrorrí

can also describe translational body movements that one makes while asleep without waking up.To move or drag one's body away without moving the limbs, with the body in a sitting or prone position.

a-girrunyé

v.dir v.mid. This

v.dir v.mid. To

point of reference.

a-gírr [North]

move or drag one's body towards the

v. 1 • [North]

To gnaw (eg. a bone, bark of tree). 2 • [North] To start getting angry, esp. out of embarassment. Kétígírró. He got angry.

a-gírr (enk)áwuo

Variant: a-gír

enkáwuo. v. To frighten s.o. by pretending to be stronger than one really is; bluff. Mmɛ̂ as ́pani ɔltʉ́ŋání ógirr áwuo. A person who bluffs is not truthful.

en-gírrá

Nom sg: en-girrá. Acc pl: in-gírrân. Nom pl: in-girrán. n. Half-

ol-gírrar

Nom sg: ol-gírrâr. Acc pl: il-gírrarri. Nom pl: il-girrárri. n.

calabash, bowl.

Sleeping place for calves and sheep.

gírrárrí [North] n. [North] Heavy rain. See: ɛn-cán ‘Rain’. a-girrigirrán v.prog. To confuse s.o. by telling them to do many

things at the same time, so that they cannot do anything at all. Kɛ́alánu ɔltʉ́ŋání ógirrigirranɨ. A confused person will

become inept/clumsy.

ɔl-g ́rr ́g ́rrɛ́t

Nom sg: ɔl-gɨrrɨgɨrrɛ́t. Acc pl: il-girrigirretí. Nom pl: il-

gírrigirretí. n. A file for sharpening metal. Ɛt́ ́p ́já ɔlalɛ́m amʉ̂ ɛɨgɨrrɨg ́rrak ́ tɔ lgɨrrɨgɨrrɛ́t. The sword has become sharp because it has been sharpened using a file. See: entúpa ‘File’.

n-girrigírri [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-gírrigírri. [North] Acc pl: n-

gɨrrg ́rr. [North] Nom pl: n-g ́rgɨrr. n. [North] Cricket (insect).

g ́rrɨm [North]

́rr ̂m. [North] Acc pl: g ́rrɨmí. [North] Nom pl: g ́rrɨmí. adj. [North] Rich. See: gársîs [North] ‘Rich’.

ol-gírrimâ

1 • One

[North] Nom sg: g

Nom sg: ol-gírrimâ. Acc pl: il-girríman. Nom pl: il-girrímán. n.

extraordinarily large in size or power.

leader. Ɛg ́ra olgírrímâ lɛ́ nkáŋ aitujúŋ ɨlayîôk lɛnyɛ́na. The head of the home is bequeathing (to) his sons. (Pk). 2 • Head,

ol-gísan n. Month around October to January. ol-gísoi Nom sg: ol-gisóí. Acc pl: ɨl-g ́sɔ. Nom pl: ɨl-g ́sɔ̂. n. 1 • Ring. olgísōī lɛ́ nká ́ná finger ring. olgísōī lɔ́ lɔɨŋɔ́nɨ bull ring. olgísōī lɛ́ ncáshʉr sheath ring, put at the pointed-end of a sheath to prevent wear and tear. See: ɔl-pɛ́tɛ ‘Finger ring’. 2 • [North] A thin metal wire for stringing beads (eg. to make a necklace). See: enk-oríni ‘Thin wire for beads’. 3 • Small plate-shaped metallic ring with a hole in the middle to pass ɛnkalʉlʉ́ŋa through. Several of these are fitted into ɛnkalʉlʉ́ŋa and worn on the legs. When a woman walks, they hit against each other making noise. See: ɛnk-alʉlʉ́ŋa ‘Leg bangle’.

ol-gisóyiaî

1 • Type

Nom sg: ol-gísóyiaî. Acc pl: il-gisóyia. Nom pl: il-gísoyíá. n.

of edible root. 2 • Sweet potato. See: ɔlɛ kʉ́lɛ ‘Type of edible root’.

a-gɔgɔ́m

v. To

dislike doing sth. Kágɔ́gɔ́m ɛnk ́nɔ́sátá ɔɔ́

s ́nk ́r. I dislike eating fish. Kɛ́gɔgɔ́m elótótó e shoó amʉ̂ kéyīēū nɛ́tɔn tɛ âŋ. He dislikes going to herd because he wants to stay at home.

a-gogóŋ

v. 1 • To

be hot-tempered, fierce, belligerent, antisocial,

unfriendly. Ɛg ́ra ɔltʉ́ŋání ógogoŋ akɛlɛlarí aló ɔ́pɛny. The antisocial person is going alone. (Pk). be agressive, fierce. ɔltʉŋáni ógógóŋ person who is aggressive (Pk). 3 • To be stubborn, arrogant; difficult to treat or deal with. Typically used for children, but also for adults. It indicates that a person doesn't change even with repeated discipline, out of intentional refusal rather than out of inability to do sth. ɔltʉŋáni ógógóŋ person who is stubborn, arrogant. Ant: súpat ‘Good, kind, gentle’; a-shɨpá ‘To be happy’. See: gɔ́lɔ́ŋʉ ‘Disobedient; hard-eyed’; gólkue ‘Stubborn’; en-gogóŋi; ɛnk-ogóŋi ‘Hottemperedness’. 2 • To

en-gogóŋi

stubornness. The characteristic displayed by a person who quickly tries to fight without listening to explanations; or who won't listen when another is trying to arbitrate. Á ́sápʉk engógoŋí ɔ́ ltʉŋáni ɔɨbá ilkʉl ́kaɨ. The hot-temperedness of a person who hates others is great. (Pk).

il-góítíé

Nom sg: en-gógoŋí. n. Hot-temperedness,

Nom pl: il-gooitíé. n.pl. 1 • Chests.

2 • Lungs.

a-gól

emueyíán oó lgóótíé a sickness of the chests

(lungs). See: ol-goó ‘Chest’.

be hard to the touch, not pliable. Káke egól ɛná rúát ilónito. This bed matress is hard. 2 • To be physically strong. This could be applied to a strong man, a woman who is able to endure much difficulty, a table, wall, etc. It does not indicate 'healthy'. Ígōl táatá. You (sg) are strong now. (SN). See: en-golón ‘Strength’. v.s. 1 • To

3 • To

be emotionally or psychologically strong; courageous. Kógolíto. He is strong; he is trying to be strong (eg. when he has been bereaved). (Pk). Íntagolioyí! Be courageous! (SN). Íntagoluoyú! Be courageous! (Pk). ɔltʉŋáni ogól i) a person who is courageous. ii) a person who is physically strong. be difficult. Kégól ɛncɔ́látá ɛ́na kúrríny. The liquefication of intestinal-fat is quite difficult. (Pk). Ág ́ra aureyú ɛnâ síái amʉ̂ kégól payé. I am growing to fear this job because it is difficult, of course. Etódúá Kímeli ajó kégól ɛntɨmatá. Kimeli thought that the test would be hard. (W). Eyéwuo ɛncân airopijíé ɛrámátarɛ amʉ̂ ɛ́tágóló oshî. The rain has come to make the rearing of livestock bearable because it has been difficult. (Pk). 5 • To be difficult to deal with (of people). 6 • To be expensive. 7 • To be hard-working. 4 • To

be strict. Kógōl mbáa éílo tʉŋáni. That man is very hard (strict) in the way he does things. (SN). 9 • To be severe (eg. a famine). 10 • To be dense (eg. a forest). 8 • To

be dangerous. Kégól inie amʉ̂ kétíī lŋatúny sapʉ́k. It is dangerous there because there's a big lion. (S). 11 • To

a-gól lʉkʉnyá

ext.poss. To

be stubborn, hard-headed; insensitive to others, aloof (lit: to be hard the head). Óre apá Sairówua oltásat ógól olêŋ, ógól lʉkʉnyá. Now Sairowua was an old man who was very hard, stubborn. (Pk). ɔltʉŋáni ogól lʉkʉnyá person who is stubborn, hardheaded.

a-gól ɔ́ŋʉ ext.poss. To be disobedient (lit: to be hard the eye). a-gól ɔ́shɔ́kɛ ext.poss. To be courageous (lit: to be hard the

stomach). ɔltʉŋáni ogól ɔ́shɔ́kɛ person who is courageous.

a-golíé

v.apl. Ant: a-shál

carefully.

a-itogól ɔl-gɔ́lgɔl

v.cause. To

‘To be wet, weak, lazy’. To look after very

harden, strengthen sth.

Nom sg: ɔl-gɔ́lgɔ̂l. Acc pl: il-gólgolí. Nom pl: il-gólgolí. n. Dewlap

of goat or sheep.

l-góligóli [North]

See: ol-telélīāī ‘Dewlap’.

[North] Nom sg: l-góligóli. [North] Acc pl: l-golgolin,

l-gólgól. n. [North] Warrior's neck pendant resembling a small bottle made of beads.

a-golikí v.pass. To have problems, be troubled. Nɛ́ākʉ̄ táatá ɛtagolíkīō doí iyíóók naá aké. So nevertheless nowadays we are troubled. ɔltʉŋáni ɔtagolíkīō A person who is troubled, has problems. See: a-gól ‘To be strong, hard’.

a-ɨtagolikí v.cause. To make things hard for; trouble. gólkue adj. Stubborn. See: a-gogóŋ; a-gɔlɔŋʉ́ ‘To be stubborn’. l-gólomí n. Kind of tree found in large forests. ol-gólomî Nom sg: ol-gólomî. Acc pl: il-gólōm. Nom pl: il-golóm. n.

Human hard excreta. This cannot refer to animal droppings. See: in-kík ‘Faeces’.

en-golón

Nom sg: en-gólon. [North] Acc sg: golóŋ. n.sg. 1 • Strength. See: a-

gól ‘To be strong’. 2 • Hardness. 3 • Expensiveness. 4 • Drought.

as resulting from several days without food. Eátā golóŋ There is hunger/famine. (S). Usage: Contrast with eátā ɛsʉ́mash which could be said after a couple hours of not eating.. See: ɛ-sʉ́mash ‘Hunger’. 5 • Hunger,

ɛn-gɔ́lɔ́ŋata

Nom sg: ɛn-gɔlɔŋáta. n. 1 • Stubbornness.

2 • Disobedience. See: a-gɔlɔŋʉ́ ‘To

a-gɔlɔŋʉ́

be stubborn, disobedient, rebellious. This could be said of a person who repeatedly steals, then denies it when confronted. See: gólkue ‘Stubborn’.

gɔ́lɔ́ŋʉ

adj. To

be stubborn, disobedient’.

adj. Disobedient

(lit: hard-eyed). See: a-gogóŋ ‘Stubborn, arrogant’; a-gól ‘To be hard’; ɛnk-ɔŋʉ́ ‘Eye’.

ɛn-gɔ́lɔ́ŋʉ n. Disobedience. en-gólóto Nom sg: en-golóto. Acc pl: in-golót. Nom pl: in-golót. [North] Acc sg: n-gólótó. [North] Nom sg: n-golotó. n. 1 • Difficulty,

hardship. See: agól ‘To be strong, hard’; ɛ-nyamáli ‘Problems, difficulty’. 2 • [North] A sick person who is in critical condition, whom the family has no way to help. 3 • [North] Impasse, blockage.

l-gólōm

finger-shaped projections that normally grow from the neck of a goat. Syn: ol-telélīāī ‘One of wwo finger-shaped projections hanging on a goats neck’. 2 • Tree species. 3 • Fruit of the l-gólōm tree.

ol-goó

Nom pl: l-golóm. n.pl. 1 • Two

Nom sg: ol-góo. Acc pl: il-goôn. Nom pl: il-góon. Acc pl: il-góítíé. Nom

pl: il-goitíé. n. 1 • Chest

(of men or women). Usage: In some dialects (S) this term is appropriate for animals or humans. For others (PK), ɔl-kâr is the primary term for 'animal chest', though olgoó would not be completely inappropriate.. See: il-góítíé ‘Chest’; ɔl-kâr ‘Chest’. 2 • [North] Respiratory or chest infection.

en-goó Chest. l-aɨshɨm ́ ló lgoó Chest bone. l-goó lɛ́ nká ́ná [North] [North] The heel of the palm. a-gór v. 1 • To block the air passages, by covering the nose and

mouth, or by choking at the neck; constrict s.o.'s throat to prevent breathing; suffocate, choke, strangle. Ɛt́ ágóró, kákē

ɛɨtʉ́ ɛyɛ́. He choked him, but he didn't die. Kítágórô. You

all strangled me. (W). A piece of meat stuck in the trachea could also do this. Goats are killed by covering the nose and mouth, then bled. 2 • To hang.

en-gorí

[North] Nom sg: n-góri. [North] Acc pl: n-gorîn. [North] Nom pl: n-górîn.

n. Ratel,

ol-góríet

honey badger.

Mellivora capensis. Etymology: Yaaku

koiri.

Nom sg: ol-goriét. Acc pl: il-górietí. Nom pl: il-górietí. n.

Corridor inside the house leading to the door. A traditional Maasai house has just one corridor.

a-goró

v.mid. To

be angry, mad, annoyed, upset. Of people, lions, hyenas, leopards, God, or other animates which have the tendency to be angry. Ɛtagóre ɔlmʉrraní amʉ̂ ɛɨtʉ́ ɛɨshɔrɨ ɛntóki nayíéú. The warrior is angry because he was not given what he wants. Egóro. He is mad (angry, annoyed, upset). (W). Magóro. I am not angry. (W). Ant: a-shɨpá ‘To be happy’. See: atoló ‘To be wild’; a-gór ‘To strangle’; en-góro ‘Anger’; a-lɨsá ‘To be angry’.

a-gorokinó To become annoyed at. a-ɨtagór v.cause. To make s.o. angry. en-góro Nom sg: en-górô. n. 1 • Anger. Ɛt́ áárá ɔlpáyian olowuarú ɔɨnɔsá inkíshú te ngóro. The man has killed the beast that has eaten the cows out of anger.

See: a-goró ‘To

be angry’.

slaughtering. engóro ɔɔ́ ntaré Strangling of sheep. See: a-gór ‘To strangle’. 2 • Strangling;

n-góroô [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-góroô. [North] Acc pl: n-gorooní.

[North] Nom pl: n-górooní. n. [North]

warriors.

ol-gós1

Tight neck beads worn by

Nom sg: ol-gôs. Acc pl: il-gosó. Nom pl: il-góso. [North] Acc sg: l-gɔ́s.

[North] Nom sg: l-gɔ́s. n. 1 • The

passage from the mouth to the stomach and lungs, in the front part of the neck below the chin

and above the collarbone; esophagus. Mɛ́ ́dɨm atoijói ɛndáa amʉ̂ kɛ́yā ilgóso. He cannot swallow food because his throat aches. 2 • [North] Throat. 3 • Passage way or opening through the bush.

en-gós Small throat. l-gós ɔ́ ́bɔr [North] [North] Trachea, windpipe. l-gós ɔ́rɔ́k [North] Esophagus. in-gosó n.pl. Whispering. Whispering. See: a-ɨŋamɨŋám ‘To whisper’.

in-gosó kʉt ́tɨ Whispering. ol-gosôî Nom sg: il-gósoi. Acc pl: il-gosó. Nom pl: il-góso. [West] Acc sg: ɔla-gót

gɔsɔ̂ .̂ [West] Acc pl: ɨl-gɔsɔ́ (W). [North] Acc sg: l-gósói. n. Rope. k ́ ́ta; ɛ-rɔ́kwɛ́ɛt́ ‘Rope’; ɛn-kɛɛnɛ́ ‘Strap’.

See: ɔl-

hold tightly to. Áatagotóyie olóríka ɛnkɨlâ. The seat held tightly onto my cloth. v. 1 • To

refuse to let out; hold onto. Tágotóí inkíshú peê mɛ́yá ɨlmáŋatí. Hold on to the cows (ie. refuse to let them out) so that the thieves won't take them away. Mígotóo á ́kátá entóki nɛ́mɛ̂ eninó. Never hold onto sth. that is not yours. 3 • To tighten (eg. a belt, rope). 2 • To

a-gotoó a-gotú

v.dir. To

hold tightly onto sth.

v.dir. [North]

protrudes.

To tie in a cloth, such that the content

a-gotorí v.dir v.mid. To be stuck in a place. a-gotoríé v.dir v.inst. To grab using sth. en-gótoô Nom sg: en-gótoô. Acc pl: in-gotooní. Nom pl: in-gótooní. [North] Acc sg: en-góroô. n. 1 • Tight

and worn by women.

neck ornament made of i-lópon beads

2 • [North]

Tight neck ornament made of bigger beads and worn by warriors; typically worn beneath other ornaments. See: agót ‘To hold tightly to’.

a-gúárr [North]: a-gúár, a-gúárr. [àgwárr] v. 1 • To stop raining. Ɛt́ ágúárrá kʉlɔ̂ apaitín. It has stopped raining these months. Létúgúára. It has stopped raining. (S). 2 • [North]

To rain, profiling the wetting of the ground. Kɛ́tɔ́gúárrá lárî. The rains have arrived. (S).

a-guarrá v.mid. To cease raining, have stopped raining. Megúárra i) Place name near the Maasai Mara. ii) Place that cannot stop raining.

ɛn-guarrâî Nom sg: en-gúárai. n. Cessation of rain; dry spell. Ɛ́ ́sápʉk engúárai táatá We have had a very long dry spell. See: a-gúárr ‘To

stop raining’.

ɔl-gûɛ̂ [West] [lɡwɛ̂] n. Road. Ɛg ́ra ɔlárɛwání lɛ́ gárri aaraá encótó ɛ́ tátɛ́nɛ́ ɔ́ lgûɛ̂ peê mɛ́rʉ́s inkíshú. The driver of the car is keeping to the right side of the road so that he doesn't hit the cows. (W). See: enk-óítóí ‘Path, road’.

l-gúɛ́ ́tá [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-guɛɨtá. [North] Acc pl: l-gúɛ́ ́t. [North] Nom

pl: l-gúɛ̂ ̂t. n. Cordia sinensis. [North]

Tree sp., whose wood makes good herding and walking sticks; also provides the sticks used in the fire making kit.

a-gúɛ́ny

v.prog. 1 • To

gnaw. See: ɛn-guɛ́nyátá ‘Gnawing’; a-gírr [North] ‘To gnaw’; a-ŋír [North] ‘To gnaw’.

tear meat with teeth from sth. Eguɛny ́ta olkuyukúy olóito. The dog is tearing meat off the bone. 3 • [North] To remove small imperfections as the last stage in whittling. See: a-gúɛ́t ‘To whittle’. Etymology: From PNS *ɠwɛ́ɲ (C. Ehret 2 • To

2003:146. "Language Contacts in Nilo-Saharan Prehistory." Language Contacts in Prehistory, Studies in Stratigraphy, ed. by Henning Andersen, 135-157. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.).

ɛn-gúɛ́nyátá

Nom sg: ɛn-guɛnyatá. n. Gnawing. See: a-gúɛ́ny ‘To

gnaw’.

a-gúɛ́t

Variant: a-gúát. [àgwɛ́t] v. 1 • To

whittle, pare, carve, sharpen, chop, peel using a sharp object like a knife, sword, cutlass, or chisel. agúɛ́t ɛnkalámu To sharpen a pencil. T ́sɨpa ɛlɛ̂ rinká apá látágúɛ́tūā. Make this knobkerrie smooth that I have carved. See: ɔl-agúɛ́tani ‘Carpenter’. 2 • [North] To visit s.o. with the purpose of eating there.

a-guɛtak ́

carve sth. for s.o. 2 • [North] To carve sth. to fit into sth. else (eg. the shaft of a spear). 3 • To engrave.

a-guɛtʉ́

v.dir. 1 • To

v.dir. 1 • To

chop off slivers from sth. 2 • To carve out.

a-guɛtɨcɔ́ [North]

v.apas. [North]

meal; be a mooch.

ɛn-gúɛ́tátá

To go visiting in order to get a

Nom sg: ɛn-guɛtatá. n. 1 • Whittling.

2 • [North]

Carving. 3 • [North] Begging. See: a-gúɛ́t ‘To whittle, sharpen’.

n-gúétítí [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-guetití. [North] Acc pl: ngúɛ́tɨt. n.

[North] Tip of tail of cow, donkey.

l-gulêt [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-gúlet. [North] Acc pl: l-guléti. [North] Nom

pl: l-gúletí. n. [North]

l-gúlúlûî [North] 1 • [North]

Bladder.

See: ol-kulêt

lɔɔ́ ɨnkʉ́lák ‘Bladder’.

[North] Nom sg: l-gulúlui. [North] Acc pl: l-gulúlu. n.

Small hairballs found in the stomach of calves, lambs, etc. 2 • [North] Hernia.

ɛ-gʉ́lʉlʉ́m

Acc pl: gúlúlūī

a-gúm

be sunken or depressed in shape. Káagúm ɛnkáíná.

(?). n. Fruit of the e-sékí tree; tiny, very sticky, sweet, edible, yellow in color. Eaten particularly by children. v. To

My hand has a depression. Kégum. It goes down there (ie. There is a depressed hollow shape.) (S). ɛnkɔ́p nagúm depressed/sunken land. See: en-gúmótó ‘Hole’; a-gút ‘To be deep’.

en-gúmótisho

depression: valley, ditch. See: a-gúm ‘To be sunken in shape’; empúkúroto ‘Depression’; ɔ-yárátá ‘Valley’.

en-gúmótó

Nom sg: en-gumótisho. n. Land

Nom sg: en-gumotó. Acc pl: in-gumót. Nom pl: in-gumót. n.

esp. in the ground. Néísudóri, nɛ́jɨŋ ɛnkɨt ́ gúmótó. It hid, it entered into a small hole. See: a-gúm ‘To be sunken or depressed in shape’; e-údótó ‘Hole’. 2 • Well. See: olárɛ́ ‘Well’. 3 • Hollow. 4 • Grave; freshly-dug hole for a body. See: ɛnkʉ́rárɛ ‘Grave’. 1 • Hole,

gurét [North]

[North] Nom

sg: gúret. [North] Acc

pl: guréti. [North] Nom

pl: gúretí. adj. [North]

Fearful, cowardly.

See: kurêt ‘Cowardly’.

l-gurét [North] n. [North] Coward. See: o-súují ‘Coward’. n-gúrétīcō [North] [North] Nom sg: n-gurétīcō. n. [North] Cowardice.

a-guretú [North] v.incep. [North] To become fearful, cowardly. Kégurétu. He will become cowardly. (S). Kétúgúrɛta. He became cowardly. (S).

ɔl-gʉ́rmɛ́

Nom sg: ɔl-gʉrmɛ́. Acc pl: ɨl-gʉ́rmɛ̂n. Nom pl: ɨl-gʉrmɛ́n. n.

Bumper grass that grows in groups.

a-gʉrrʉmá v. 1 • To

See: ɛn-kʉ́j

́tá ‘Grass’.

[West]: a-rrʉgʉmá. [North]: a-rrʉgʉmá. [South]: a-rrʉgʉmá.

vomit. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí námuei agʉrrʉmá. The sick

child is vomitting. (Pk). See: a-rrʉgʉmá ‘To vomit’; a-lɔ́p ‘To induce vomiting’; ɛn-gʉ́rrʉ́mata ‘Vomiting’. 2 • [North] To nauseate.

To bend over, stoop. Kátʉ́gʉ́rrʉ́mɛ. I stooped over. (S). Tʉgʉrrʉma ́. Sit down! (S). This would be said by an elder to a youth. 3 • [North]

ɛn-gʉ́rrʉ́mata vomit’.

a-gús [North]

Nom sg: ɛn-gʉrrʉ́mata. n. Vomiting. See: a-gʉrrʉmá ‘To

To kiss. Káagús enkitók ây. My wife will kiss me. (S). Kégús lpáyian nkitók ɛnyɛ́. The man will kiss his wife. (S). Kágús nkɛráí áí. I will kiss my child. (S). See: a-ŋʉtʉ́t ‘To kiss’.

ol-gúsa

v. [North]

Nom sg: ol-gúsâ. Acc pl: il-gúsai. Nom pl: il-gúsâî. n. Swollen

part of the body containing or secreting pus or other fluid, due to infection, burn, inflamation, etc.; blister, boil. See: ɔldʉtʉtâî ‘Boil’.

n-gúsâ [North]

n. [North]

[North] ‘Omasum’.

gúsát [North]

Omasum.

See: n-kúsâ

Emaciated, thin. lpayíán gúsát a thin man (S). Éígúsát kʉná kishu. These cows are thin. (S). Syn: sâs ‘Thin’; Ant: a-pír ‘To be fat’.

en-gúset

adj. [North]

Nom sg: en-gúset. Acc pl: in-gusetí. Nom pl: in-gúsetí. n. Uterus,

womb (of human or animal).

ol-gúsíl

See: ɛnk-ɔ́shɔkɛ ‘Stomach’.

Nom sg: ol-gusíl. Acc pl: il-gusiló. Nom pl: il-gúsilo. n. Either

of two masses of lymphatic tissue, one on each side of the oral pharynx; tonsils. Usage: Normally plural.

a-shʉ́m olgúsíl To look up (lit: to raise the tonsils). n-gúso [North] n. [North] Kissing. See: a-gús [North] ‘To kiss’. n-gúsóré [North] [North] Nom sg: n-gusoré. n. [North] Kissing. n-gúsótó [North] [North] Nom sg: n-gusotó. [North] Acc pl: n-gusót. n.

a-gút

[North] A kiss.

See: a-gús ‘To

kiss’.

be deep. Egút. It will be deep. Egútu. It will be deep. (W). Kégūt ana sérē. This river is deep. (S). See: engutón ‘Depth’; a-gúm ‘To be depressed in shape’. 2 • [North] To eat a lot; be gluttonous (lit: to be deep; ie. have a big stomach that can contain a lot). v.s. 1 • To

en-gutón

Nom sg: en-gúton. n.sg. Depth

(of water, understanding, appetite, etc.). See: a-gút ‘To be deep’.

l-guyíá [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-gúyia. [North] Acc pl: l-guyîân. [North]

Nom pl: l-gúyian. n. [North] From Yaaku

qoyɛ.

Bush pig.

Potamochoerus larvatus. Etymology:

H-h h Letter representing the (rare) Maa voiceless glottal or laryngeal hái hoé

hɔ̂ ̂

fricative /h/.

[North] Acc sg: háí. interj. 1 • Exclamation See: hɔ̂

of jeering.

̂ ‘Exclamation of jeering’. 2 • [North] Exclaimation of suprise, wonderment, disgust, etc. Variant: (h)óē. interj. Expression

of agreement, as in a chorus after a song has been sung. Hoé may be said by the main singer or soloist, or it could be the response of a group. Perhaps its exact tone could be affected by the melody of the song. See: óó ‘Response particle’. of jeering. Ɛg ́raɨ áaɨrash ɔlpúrrishoi, hɔ̂ ̂! hɔ̂ ̂! hɔ̂ ̂! The thief is being jeered, "hɔ̂ ̂! hɔ̂ ̂! hɔ̂ ̂!". See: hái ‘Exclamation of jeering’.

interj. Exclamation

hóo taá interj. Well done; it is good that it has happened. hóóyîâ [North] adv. [North] Hardly; completely not. hóō [North]: hóó. adv.conj. 1 • Although, even though, nevertheless. Ɛt́ ányá olpáyian ɛpalɨk ́ enkitók ɛnyɛ́ hóō nɛ́ishaká ɛsáyíátá ɛnyɛ́ pɔɔk ́. The man has refused to forgive his wife even though she asked for it desperately. Ɛɨtágóló ɔ́shɔkɛ hóō nɛ́tanyámala. He got encouraged though he was troubled. Hóō dúóó ná ́nɔsá ŋolé ɛndáa káke ɛtɔ́n aáta ɔláméyú. Though I had eaten food yesterday, I am still feeling hungry. Ɛɨtʉ́ aníŋ ajó kélotú kɛnyá entókî naíjo ́nâ hóō náa ɨnkapá kʉnâ báâ. I did not hear that

there is sth. like that coming, although these things are ancient. 2 • [North] Even.

hóyīā

interj. Expression

of agreement; yes, so it is.

I-i i Letter representing the Maa high front advanced tongue root vowel /i/.

ɨ Letter representing the Maa high front non-advanced tongue root ɨ-

vowel /ɪ/.

pn.b. Pronominal

prefix indicating second person subject and no object (on intransitive verbs), or third person or plural object ́ t kʉnâ saên. You (sg) will choose (on transitive verbs). Ɨdʉ́ ́ among these beads. (SN). Ɨsʉmá embólúnotó eoŋúán. ́ tʉ́dɨt kʉnâ (You should) Read (Study) chapter four. (W). Ɨdʉ́ saên. You (pl) will choose among these beads. (SN). Á ́dɔ́l ́dɔ́lɔ ajá áɨm ɛntɛ́mátá. You (pl) will see that I will pass the exam. [polite] (W). ...peê irík obô ...so that you can lead (go along with) one (of us).

́-2

Variant: í-. vblz. Prefix

́-1

pn.b. Pronominal

which derives stative verbs from adjectives. In some dialects the resulting stative verbs can only inflect for third person. With some forms and for some speakers, ́- yields a verb meaning "somewhat [concept]". Nɛ́dɔl ajó éísīdāī. He saw that it was good. Kéíkúmo kʉlɔ́ ránkaûn. These whistling thorn trees are many. (SN). Ɛɨpádan ɨlɔ́ mʉrraní ́nâ mótonyî. That warrior will precisely shoot that bird. (W). Eisíntet. It is pinkish. (W). Usage: See usage note at ra 'be'.. prefix for second person singular imperative for ́ Class II verbs. Ɨngará ɛnkají! Hide yourself behind the house!

-ɨ1

num. Third

person plural suffix. Késesekúánā ̄. People are just killing each other. (C) [PL suffix after Middle -a]. Kégólī kʉná bólunot olêŋ. These chapters are very hard. (W).

-ɨ2

Variant: -i. voi. Impersonal

passive suffix. Ɛg ́rá ́ áaun ɛnkají. The

house is being erected. (Pk). Ɛnyaálɨ olcúma mɛtáa íjīō ɛnkɨkɛ́. The iron bar is to be chewed to make a brush. Ág ́rā aanyʉ́ máayakɨn ̂ peê atúm ashɔ́mɔ. I am waiting to be given it so that I can go. (Pk). Meyíólōī. It is unknown. (W). Ɛnkányɨt oshî erikíéki ɛnkɔ́p. By respect the world is ruled. (Pk). Nɛ́arar ́ mɛshɔ́mɔ He will be forced to go. Néíbukorí, néítejo osíwuo. They were poured out and the wind took them. Á ́bʉ́ŋa eneikoní tɛ néréwí ɛngárrɨ tɛ siadí. I have discovered how a car is driven in reverse. (eg. perhaps I have been trying for several days and finally figured it out.) (lit: I have caught that which is done of a car driven of behind.) (W). Óre oshî ɛnkátá naáíjō ɛnâ náshâ néunishôî. In a season like this of rain, planting is done. (Pk). See: -ɨshɔ ‘Antipassive suffix’.

-i [North]3 - ́

asp. [North]

Inceptive aspect suffix; enter into a new condition, become. ajieí To become swollen. See: -u ‘Inceptive’. and subjunctive verb suffix. Tɔ́bɔɨná ́ Take it away from me by redirecting it elsewhere. (Pk). Mmɛɨpʉ́táí á ́kātā inê amʉ̂ eúlulû nɛ́mɛ́ɛt́ a enkítíŋótó. You can never fill there because it is a bottomless pit. (Pk). Mátʉŋá ́. We should leave it behind. (S). Nyáak ́ shɔ́mɔ íyak ́ ɛnkákuiyia ɛnkʉrmá. Go again and bring maize to your grandmother. (W).

mood. Imperative

ol-iaatúa

Nom sg: ol-íaatúa. Acc pl: il-iaatuaní. Nom pl: il-íaatuaní. n.

1 • Inner

a-ɨbá

wall. 2 • Wall. See: ɛ-sʉntâî ‘Outside wall’; ɔl-mɛ́kɛ́kɛ̂ ‘Reinforcing wall’. Variant: a-ibá. In some suffixed forms: -ɨbar. v.mid v.aux+subjn-infinitive. To

hate, dislike. Kɛ́ ́ba. He hates him. (S). Á ́bá emisimísī. I hate the darkness. (W). Áíbáyie. I have hated.

a-ɨbaɨshɔ́ To hate others; hate the company of others. Ɛg ́ra ɔltʉ́ŋání ɔ́ ́bá ́shɔ akɛparí. The person full of hatred is

staying alone. (Pk).

áa-ibaro

other.

v.mid v.pl. To

hate each other. Kéíbárō. They hate each

a-ibayí [North] v.incep. [North] To come to hate. a-ibayíé [North] To hate s.o./sth. a-ɨbayú v.incep. 1 • To come to dislike. 2 • [Chamus] To become harmful. tɛ néíbayu ɨltʉ́ŋáná ɨná kɔp when that land becomes harmful to people. See: ɛn-

kɨbá ‘Hatred’; ɛ-naɨbá nkasís; ɛnaɨbá ɛnkáí ‘Sth. disadvantaged or problematic’.

a-ɨbakɨbák

move in a sinuous, spiral, or circular course; deviate from a straight course; zig-zag, wander. Ká ́bák ́bák ́ta aló Nairobi. I am wandering all over the place on my way to Nairobi. Á ́báábāā apaásh ɛnk ́má. I wandered to avoid the fire. 2 • To be verbally evasive, speak in a manner marked by obliqueness or indirection; beat about the bush, not hit the nail on the head. Téjo eníyíéú míntóki aɨbakɨbák. Say what you want don't be evasive. See: a-ɨbɔtɨbɔ́t [North] ‘To evade’.

a-ɨbalá

3.PF: ɛ-ɨbaábāā. v.prog. 1 • To

be conspicuous. Áɨbála! I am conspicuous! (Pk) [This could be said by a European in a crowd of Blacks.]. Á ́bálɛ. I became conspicuous. (W). [àybàlá] v.mid. 1 • To

To be likely to happen, be true. Kɛ́ ́bála ɨlɔmɔ́n. That thing (referred to) will happen. (S). 2 • [North]

be unambiguous, obvious, plain, clear, evident. Kɛ́ ́bála enkoitóí nálo sokóni? Is the route that goes to the market clear? (W). Ɛɨbála ɛncân tááisére. It is clear that it will rain tomorrow. (W). 4 • [North] To be an orange color. See: bárláí ‘Orange color’. 3 • To

a-ɨbalayú

v.mid v.incep. To

become apparent or clear; be able to

become clear.

a-ɨbalʉnyɛ́ v.dir v.mid. To come to be clear. a-ɨbalíé To reveal, confess openly, disclose, declare. a-ɨbalak ́ v.dat. To reveal to. a-ɨbalaanyaá v. 1 • To gradually light up the surface of the earth (by the sun); become dawn. Á ́nyɔ peê ɛɨbalaanyáa. I

woke up when it started dawning. 2 • To gradually increase the frequency of groaning when an animal or person is dying (the groaning itself may decrease in volume). 3 • To gradually increase the frequency of snoring.

a-ibalaanyarí To lie flat on the ground or bed with hands and

legs stretched out. See: a-ɨdalaány ‘To spread out, as of legs’; aɨdɛlarí ‘To spread oneself out’.

a-ɨbalayíé v. To clear. See: a-ɨtawáŋ ‘To clear’. a-ɨbalɨbál v. To shine, glitter. a-ɨbalú v. To reveal, make known. See: a-ɨbalá ‘To be clear’. a-ɨbalunyé v.mid. 1 • To reveal, make clear. Ɛɨbálúnyíé ɔláígúɛ́nání ɛmbáɛ naisudórō The chief has revealed the issue that was hidden.

be about to rise. Usage: sun, moon. Eibalúnyē ndámā. The sun is about to rise. (S). Eibalúnyē sérān. The moon is about to rise. (S). 2 • To

a-ɨbarbár [North]

v. 1 • [North]

To wake animals to go out to

feed. 2 • [North] To beat s.o. thoroughly with a light stick; flail. Ká ́bárbar. I'm going to beat him (eg. for leaving the calves). (S).

a-ɨbárt v. To watch over, take care of, inspect. a-ɨbartá [North] v.mid. [North] To be looked at, watched (said

of livestock by other livestock).

a-ɨbartɨcó [North] a-ɨbartaá [North]

v.apas. [North]

watch sth. or s.o. as it goes away. 2 • To keep an eye on s.o. younger or inexperienced.

a-ɨbartʉ́ [North]

1 • To

To be on the alert.

v.dir. 1 • [North]

To look for, search for. 2 • [North] To look at sth. as it approaches.

a-ɨbartuníé [North] [North] To look for sth. or s.o. by means of finding sth. else.

a-ɨbát [North]

v. [North]

To go on the side, shoulder or periphery of a path or road. aɨbatɨbát To keep walking on the soulder or periphery of a path. See: a-ɨbakɨbák ‘To avoid, zig-zag around’.

a-ɨbatisá Variant: a-ɨpatisá. v. To baptise; administer baptism to. Eibatísā ̄ ɨltʉ́ŋáná tɛ kánisa. Peple are baptised at church.

Borrowed word: English

enk-ibatisó [North] baptism ?.

baptise.

n. [North]

Baptism.

Borrowed word: English

a-ɨbaʉbáʉ́ [North] v. [North] To jabber, talk nonsense. a-ɨbɛbɛ́k v. To be watery, dilute. Ɛɨbɛbɛ́k ɛndá shái amʉ̂ eitú ɛ́p ́k ́ kʉlɛ́. That tea is light because it has no milk in it. (W). See: a-bɛbɛ́k ‘To

a-ibél

be diluted’.

roll sth. onto another side. aibél osóít To roll the stone. See: a-ibelibél ‘To rock from side to side’; a-ɨbɛlɛkɛ́ny ‘To turn over’. v. 1 • To

change direction of sth. aibél inkíshú To change the direction the cows are taking. 3 • [North] To rock (self) from side to side, somewhat regularly. 2 • To

a-ɨbɛlɛkɛ́ny v. 1 • To turn sth. over; turn around. aɨbɛlɛkɛ́ny emotí To stir sth. in a pot (while cooking). 2 • To alter, change sth. aɨbɛlɛkɛ́ny ɨnkɨláni To change

dressing. aɨbɛlɛkɛ́ny ilkigerót To alter writings. 3 • [North] To translate.

a-ɨbɛlɛkɛ́ny ɛnkʉ́tʉ́k To translate (lit: to change the mouth). a-ɨbɛlɛkɛ́ny inkíshú To cross-breed cows. a-ɨbɛlɛkɛnyá v.mid. 1 • To turn self over while sleeping. 2 • To alter self. Ɛɨbɛlɛ́kɛ̄nyā Kenya eríkōrē olári lɛ̂ 2002. Kenya has changed its leadership in the year 2002. 3 • To

turn around, reverse path of travel. 4 • To go back on one's word.

reverse behavior; repent. ɨlɔɔ́ ́bɛlɛkɛnyátɛ áaiŋua ɨntɔrrɔ̂k those who have changed to leave evil (C). 5 • To

a-ɨbɛlɛkɛnyak ́ v.dat. To transfer to, change to, turn to. a-ibelekeníé v.apl. 1 • To cause change. 2 • To

exchange. See: ɔl-á ́bɛ́lɛ́kɛ́nyani ‘Interpreter; changer’; amanaá ‘To turn’; a-iwuatiwúát ‘To change’.

a-ibeleléŋ 2 • To

v. 1 • To

roll.

a-ibeleleŋokí a-ibeleleŋoó

upset, overturn.

v.dat. To

1 • To

roll into, roll down.

roll away. 2 • [North] To roll sth. heavy away or over. 3 • To upset.

a-ibelibél v. 1 • To rock sth. from side to side. Ɛg ́ra aibelibél ɛm ́sa ash ́l. S/he is turning the table side to side to

scrutinize it. 2 • To rock or sway (self) from side to side; wobble. See: a-ibél ‘To roll’.

a-ɨbɛlɨbɛlɛkɛnyá v.mid. 1 • To keep on changing. Ɛɨbɛlɨbɛlɛ́kɛ́nyá ɨlɔmɔ́n lɛ́na kɔ́p. The news in this land keeps on changing. 2 • To

roll over and continue rolling in one direction. The rolling

is not 'back and forth'.

a-ibeloó v. To make sth. fall. Kéíbukóri kʉ́lɛ tenímbelóō enkúkúrí. Milk will spill out if you make the calabash fall. a-ibelorí v.dir v.mid. To fall down, fall off; drop. Kɛ́dánya ɛnk ́lasi tenéíbelóri. A glass will break if it falls down. a-ɨbɨb ́ v. 1 • To suck (fruit etc.). This might be done to get liquid out of a fruit where the flesh is inedible. Kɛ́nyɔ́r imótonyí áaibibíá ɨntapʉ́ka. Birds like to suck the flowers. See: a-bɨb ́ ‘To suck’; anák ‘To suck mother's milk’.

reduce the weight of sth. Ɛɨb ́bɨ Bíitíá osésen lɔ́ ltʉŋáni. AIDS increasingly reduces the weight of a person's body. 2 • To

a-ɨbíb ̄ā v.mid. To increasingly become thin. a-bɨb ́ [North] v. 1 • [North] To suck, eg. blood directly from a cow's vein. 2 • [North] To sap, drain, devitalize, ie. to drain blood, strength, etc. from s.o. or sth. weak in the first place.

a-ɨbɨbɨarí v.dir. To shrivel. a-ibiitiá v. To have health slowly decline, reduce in size; become very thin due to illness. Ɛg ́ra aibiitiá. It is taking him away slowly. Áaibiitíaa bíitíá. AIDS will wear me out slowly. a-ibiitiarí [àybììtìàɾí]; note that [tìà] is one mora, though not palatalized [tyà] v.dir v.mid. To go down in health, fail to grow, despite food. Kɛ́g ́ra ɛná kɛráí aibiitiarí. This child is going down and down a-ibíl

in health. v. 1 • To

come loose.

fall off, flop off (eg. because of being too big). Kébílo. It has fallen off. (eg. meat falling off a bone after boiling a long time) (S). Kéíbīlō mpɛrɛ́. The spear blade came off. (S). Kéíbóló. It has fallen off. (S). 2 • To

fade. Ɛnkɨlâ náíbil emúa A cloth that changes color. 4 • [North] To be very fat. 5 • [North] To cook meat such that the fat is rendered and rises. See: a-pukú ‘To come off, get out’. 3 • To

a-ibirú

v. 1 • [North]

To fail to meet the desired goals. 2 • [North] To fail to germinate (of plants). 3 • [North] To fail to rain at an expected time of the year. [North]: a-ɨbɨrʉ́, a-ibirú. 1 • To

miscarry, abort. Eibírū. She will miscarry.

give birth prematurely. Kɛ́ ́b ́rʉ́a She has give birth prematurely. (S). This can be used of any female, human or animal. 3 • To anticipate prematurely. 2 • To

a-ibiruníé v.dir v.cause. To cause an abortion. a-ɨbɨr ́sh [South] v. 1 • [South] To be without appetite or desire to eat. 2 • [South] To be proud; stay aloof. See: a-bɨr ́ ‘To sip’.

a-ɨbɨrrɨb ́rr think’.

a-ɨb ́s

v. To

think about, ponder, consider.

See: a-damʉ́ ‘To

v. 1 • To

sob; whimper. 2 • [North] To be so full that closing the container makes a liquid overflow.

a-ɨbɨsɨb ́s

leak; seep out. Ɛg ́ra oltóô aɨbɨsɨb ́s. The barrel is leaking. 1 • To

keep on sobbing. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí aɨbɨsɨb ́s. The child is sobbing. 2 • To

a-ɨbɨsak ́ [North]

v.dat. [North]

To crack a bone open in order to remove a bit of fat (not marrow).

a-ibisíóŋ [North] v. 1 • [North] To be somewhat sick, feel unwell. Ɨmɛdáā ɛnk ́tɛ̄ŋ náíbisíoŋ. A cow that is sick cannot eat

grass. (L). Syn: a-múéí ‘To be sick’; a-nyaalá ‘To be ill’. 2 • [North] To be cold, unfresh (eg. yesterday's food).

a-ibók

PF: a-iboó. PL IMP: ímbōōī. v. 1 • To

hinder, prevent, block sth. from moving. Éíbok. He will hinder it. Mbóoó 'Block him!'. ́ boó lɛ́lɔ́ ashɔ́ mɛ́puo áanak. Prevent those calves Ɛm from going to suckle. (Pk). Ɛshɔmɔ́ ɛnkáyíóní aibók inkíshú peê méítóki áapuo oséro. The boy has gone to prevent the cows from going into the forest. retain. Ádɔ́l oshî eibokí entítō nabô najuŋ kʉnâ kíshú. I normally see one girl who is retained so as to inherit the cows. [ie. when a woman has had no sons]. 2 • Detain,

restrain morally. aibók entorróní peê mépúkú To prevent a wrong from happening. See: a-iboorí ‘To be blocked’. 3 • To

a-ibookí [North] v.dat. [North] To rebuff, spurn. a-ibón v.prog. 1 • To exercise the office of ritual expert (ol-oibóni).

The ritual expert may divine, foretell, prophesy; make and dispense traditional medicine; or treat s.o. ritually. Éíbon ɔlárrabal. He will divine/fortell the war. (W -K). aibón emurúa to treat a site ritually with blessings to make it fit for a ceremonial settlement. 2 • To do witchcraft.

a-ibonú ́Tō exercise the o ce of ritual expert. a-ibonishó To divine, exercise office of ritual expert. Eibónīshō olóíboni. The diviner is divining. (W). a-ibonokí To prophesy, etc., on behalf of s.o. a-iboníé To prophesy, treat ritually, fortell with or at. a-ibonishoré To exercise the office of ritual expert with/at. áa-ɨbɔŋakɨ v.pl. To be caught (plural); an illicit sexual relationship, commit adultery.

a-iboó

v.pf. Subjunctive

or Perfect(ive) form of a-ibók.

See: a-ibók ‘To

hinder’.

a-iboorí

v.dir v.mid. 1 • To

be blocked from somewhere; stopped from

moving on. Éíbóórî ɨltʉŋaná tɔ réyiet peê elotú ɛnkárɛ The people were blocked by the river when the water flowed. 2 • To move off in stages. See: a-ibók ‘To prevent; block,’.

a-ibooyó v.dir. 1 • To prevent, stop, block, barricade, restrain. Ɛg ́ra olkíboóyō aibooyó inkíshú. The swallow is blocking the cows. (Pk). 2 • To restrain in a moral or non-maerial sense. See: a-ibók ‘To block’.

a-ibororó v. To rave, speak deliriously, esp. from sickness. a-ɨbɔ́rr v.s. 1 • To be white. Ɛ́ ́bɔ̄rr. It is white. Ɛ ́bɔ̄rr. It is white. (W). aɨbɔ́rr kʉtʉ́k To have a white face (of animals) (lit: to be white the mouth). Kɛ́ ́bɔ̄rr oshî intápʉka ó ltépésí. [óltepesi] The owers of an acacia tree are white. Kɛ́ ́bɔ́rráa kʉná kíshu. These cows are white. (SN). Eibórru. It will become white. Kɛ́ ́bɔ́rrá. It became white. (S). Kéíborríéki tááisére. It will be made white tomorrow. ná ́bɔ̄rr white (lit: that which is white) (W). 2 • To be pale or palid (eg. from sickness, dry skin, dust); be the color of a mzungu/white person. ɔltʉŋáni ɔ́ ́bɔ̄rr a white ́ person (ie., European). Ɨmbɔ́ rra! You've become white! (from sickness). Kéíbórru oshî olcóni lɔ́ ltʉŋáni omúéí. The skin of a sick person becomes white (ie. flaky, dry).

́ be unfortunate; unlucky. Usage: insult. Ɨmbarrá! May you always be found out! "Nákaɨbárrā ɨmɨncɔ́ oshî ɨnkɛ́ra ɛndáa!" "You-be-white! You never give the children food!". 3 • To

́ desist. Ɨmbɔrrá. Stop! (eg. said to a child who is goofing off and consistently making others laugh). 4 • To

́ be peaceful. Ɨmbɔrrá. Have peace. (eg. said to s.o. departing on a journey). 6 • [North] To be dried up (of land). 5 • To

a-iborrú

v.incep. 1 • To

whiten, become white. 2 • [North] To dry up.

a-ɨbɔ́rr ɔnyɛ́k v.s. To be immoral, promiscuous. ɔltʉŋáni ɔ́ ́bɔ́rr ɔnyɛ́k person who is immoral, promiscuous. See: a-ɨbɔ́rr ɔ́ŋʉ ‘To be immoral’.

a-ɨbɔ́rr ɔ́ŋʉ

v.s. 1 • To

be immoral, promiscuous (lit: to be white (as to) the eye). See: a-ɨbɔ́rr ɔnyɛ́k ‘To be immoral’. 2 • To have poor judgment, not choose best of several options. Kɛ́ ́bɔ̄rr ɔ́ŋʉ. He has poor judgement.

enkitók ná ́bɔ̄rr ɔnyɛ́k Prostitute (lit: a woman who is whiteeyes).

a-ɨbɔ́rr ɔ́shɔ́kɛ

nkɔ́cɛ́kɛ. v.s. 1 • To be soft-hearted, compassionate, generous, munificient (lit: to be white (as to) the stomach). ɔltʉŋáni ɔ́ ́bɔ̄rr ɔ́shɔ́kɛ compassionate person (Pk). Káaɨbɔ̂rr ɔ́shɔ́kɛ. I am compassionate. (lit: The stomach whites me/My stomach is white.). Kɛ́ ́bɔ̄rr ɔ́shɔ́kɛ. He is kind-hearted/generous/emotional. (Pk). Kɛ́ ́bɔ̄rr ɔ́shɔ́kɛ ɛldɛ̂ payíán. That man is compassionate. (lit: The stomach [nominative] is white that man [accusative].). 2 • [North] To be open, unfettered. Ant: a-rɔ́k ɔ́shɔ́kɛ ‘To be hardhearted’.

a-ɨbɔrrá

[North]: a-ɨbɔ́rr

be(come) bewildered, shocked. Á ́bɔ́rra. I got shocked/bewildered. (lit: I am white.) (Pk). v.mid. To

ɛnk-ɨbɔ́rra Nom sg: ɛnk- ́bɔrra. [North] Acc sg: nk-ɨbárra. n. 1 • Whiteness. Á ́sídáí ɛnk ́bɔrra ɛ́ nâ kɨlâ. The whiteness of this cloth is good. (Pk). 2 • The

part of the month when there is moonlight. Ɛtabáwūā

ɛnk ́bɔrra amʉ̂ ɛɨshʉnyɛ́ ɛná ́m ̂n. The part of the month when the moon is bright has come because the dark period has ended. (Pk). See: a-ɨbɔ́rr ‘To be white’.

ɛnk-ɨbɔ́rra ɔ́lapa following.

a-ɨbɔrrɨbɔ́r

Nom sg: ɛnk-

́bɔrra ɔ́lapa. n. New moon and days

v. 1 • To

beat gently as not to cause pain but to draw attention. aɨbɔrrɨbɔ́r ɛnkayíóni meinyô To beat the boy gently to make him wake up. 2 • To make the cows wake up from lying down and start grazing or drive them away. Ɛg ́ra olcékut aɨbɔrrɨbɔ́r inkíshú mɛshɔ́mɔ áadaa The shepherd is waking up the cattle to go and graze.

a-ɨbɔrríé omóm

v.phrase. To

cause one to be liked (lit: to cause the face to be white). Káá ́bɔ́rrie omóm. I will cause you to be favored/liked. (lit: 'I will cause you to become white the face.').

a-ibót v. To hack off (esp. meat). a-ɨbɔtɨbɔ́t [North] v. 1 • [North] To not go straight to the

destination; evade. 2 • [North] To verbally evade or "beat about the bush". See: aɨbakɨbák ‘To evade’.

a-ibúk v. To pour back and forth. See: a-ibukoó ‘To pour away’. a-ibukoó v. To pour away, pour out, spill. Ɛshɔmɔ́ ɛnkɛráí aibukoó ɛnkárɛ́ natíī ɛnkɨkɔ́mpɛ. The child has gone to ́ pour away the water that is in the cup. Ɨntalamá ́ ɛnâ kɛ́rá ́ dalût amʉ̂ kéíbukóō kʉnâ motorí. Keep away this mischevious child, because he will pour out this soup. (Pk). Néíbukorí, nɛ́ya osíwuo. They [flies] were poured out, and the wind took them. Eg ́ra Lɛpáapa agɛlʉ́ ɨlpáɛ́k oóíbukorí. Lepaapa is trying to pick up the corn that spilled. (W). See: a-bukú ‘To pour out’; a-isuaayá ‘To splash about’.

a-ɨbʉlaá [North]

v.dir. 1 • [North]

To spread out.

2 • [North]

To surround, go around. 3 • [North] To sprout. See: a-bʉ́l ‘To increase, flourish’.

a-ibulekény

be ill; unwell. Kɛ́g ́ra ɛnkɛráí aibulekény. The child is unwell.

a-ɨbʉlʉ́

v. To

v.dir. 1 • To

spread over the whole surface or area; sufficiently cover a locality. Eibúlūā ɛncân ɛnkɔ́p pɔɔk ́. The rain has spread over the whole land/area. 2 • [North] To predominate. See: a-bʉ́l ‘To increase, flourish’.

a-ɨbʉ́ŋ v.prog. 1 • To catch (sth. moving). Ɛ́ ́bʉ́ŋá ɛnkɛrá ́ ɛmp ́ra natanaŋákā Kónené ɛ́ ́tʉ̂ éôsh ɛnkɔ́p. The child (has)

caught the ball that Konene has thrown before it hit the ground. Eteléjūā inkúény atûâ ají nɛ́ ́bʉŋ. They tricked the birds into the house and then caught them. (W). Ɛ́ ́bʉ́ŋá enkúenyî tɔ lmútego. He has caught the bird with a trap. The Maasai do not traditionally build traps, but might catch certain types of birds by sealing them in holes. seize sth. aɨbʉ́ŋ inkíshú naáwak ́ To seize cows that were stolen. See: a-úáp ‘To seize’; a-ɨkɔ́ny ‘To seize’; a-ɨsɨmaá ‘To seize’. 2 • To

arrest. Ɛ́ ́bʉ́ŋâ ɨs ́karɨn ́ ɔlapúrroni. The policemen have arrested the thief. (ie. he has his hands tied up and has been carried off to jail). 3 • To

rape. aɨbʉ́ŋ enkitók i) To rape a woman. ii) To arrest a woman. 4 • To

hold. Nɛ́ ́bʉŋɨ áaijulul. They hold it (the child) upside down. Ɛ́ ́bʉ́ŋá ɛnkɛrá ́ ɛnkalámu. The child held the pencil. 5 • To

́ touch. Ɨmbʉŋá ɔlŋanayíóī. Touch the fruitǃ (W). Ɛtʉ́bʉ́lʉ́á ɛnkɛrá ́ amʉ̂ ɛɨbʉ́ŋá ɔltápʉ̂t. The child is now grown up because she is able to touch the ceiling. (W). 6 • To

7 • To

stick to following a certain path. Ɛɨbʉ́ŋâ inkíshu

enkóítóí áapuo oreyíét. The cows have followed (lit: ́ caught) the path to the river. (W). Ɨmbʉŋá ɛnâ óítóí amʉ̂ nɨnyɛ́ nékírík enetíī ilótorok. Follow this path because it leads you to where the bees are. Usage: A-sʉ́j 'to follow' is used for following sth. from behind, while a-ɨbʉ́ŋ is used for following along the length of sth., or going 'through' it..

enter into a new condition; become. Ɛɨbʉ́ŋá olóíriruá ɛnkɛ́ráí. The child has become crazy. (W) (lit: An evil spirit has attacked the child.). Ɛ́ ́bʉ́ŋá oltíkaná. He has become sick of malaria. (lit: Malaria has attacked him.). Ɛɨbʉ́ŋá ɛnkányɨt. He has become respectful/obedient. (W) (lit: Respect has caught/attacked him.). Usage: A-ɨbʉ́ŋ is not used for 'attacking' in war, or for being 'attacked' by a swarm of bees, as its central idea is that of 'grabbing' such that one can hold or touch sth. A- ́bʉ́ŋ also cannot be used to express sth. like 'He became a teacher'.. 8 • To

keep on doing sth. Ɛ́ ́bʉ́ŋá ɛnkányɨt. He has become respectful/obedient. (lit: He has got hold of respect.). 9 • To

discover, realize, notice. Á ́bʉ́ŋa eneikoní tɛ nérēwī ɛngárrɨ tɛ siadí. I have discovered how to drive a car in reverse. Ɛ́ ́bʉ́ŋá olmalimúí ɛnkɛ́rá ́ épúrrítô ɛntɛ́mátá. The teacher has caught a child cheating in the exam.[èpùrrìtò] with 10 • To

low fallinɡ or stress on final mora]

́ take care of. Ɨmbʉŋá taá ŋútúnyí o mínyī. Take ́ care of your father and mother. (W). Ɨmbʉŋá ɨnkɛ́ra. Take care of the children. (W). See: a-náp ‘To carry, take care of’. 11 • To

a-ɨbʉ́ŋ ɨs ́nk ̄r To fish. Ɛshɔmɔ́ láyiok áaɨbʉŋ sínkirrî.

The boys have gone fishing. (SN). See: a-rrésh ɨs ́nkír ‘To fish’; a-ɨtayú ‘To remove’; a-ŋorú ‘To fish’.

a-ɨbʉŋá To coagulate. Níwóu ɔsárgɛ́ láí... amʉ̂ kɛ́ ́bʉ́ŋa nɛ́ākʉ̄ inkírí. You tap my blood ... because it will coagulate and become meat.

a-ɨbʉŋaá

v.dir. 1 • To

take s.o.'s domestic animals without permission but not without sending word; borrow. 2 • [North] To climb or walk across sth.

a-ɨbʉŋak ́

1 • To

hold sth. on behalf of s.o. 2 • To take a gift to s.o. 3 • To catch a person redhanded, especially in an illicit sexual relationship.

aɨbʉŋarɛ́ [North] 2 • [North]

1 • [North]

To collaborate.

To unite.

a-ɨbʉŋɨshɔ́ To be sticky. Kɛ́ ́bʉ́ŋ ̄shɔ̄ ɛnaishó óo lotórok. The honey is sticky. Kɛ́ ́bʉ́ŋ ̄shɔ̄ ɛsárŋāb olêŋ. The mud is very sticky.

a-ɨbʉŋarɛ́

v.mid v.inst. To

requisition’.

a-ibúrt

attach oneself to.

See: a-ɨbʉ́ŋ ‘To

catch, hold,

v. To

afflict great pain and suffering to the body so that an existing wound increasingly becomes enlarged, or more sores develop.

a-iburtó

have great pain. aiburtó ɛnkaɨná To get more pain on the hand (more sores, wounds). v.mid. To

a-ibususó v. To lie down as one who is dead. Míntóki aibususó ánaa olotúá hɔ́ɔ ́ n ́naʉ́ra. Don't lie like a dead person even though you are tired.

a- ́c [North]

v. 1 • [North]

To pass, be over. 2 • [North] To emaciate. See: a- ́sh ‘To finish’.

a-ɨcʉ́ [North]

v.dir. 1 • [North]

To conclude. 2 • [North] To finish completely. 3 • [North] To kill off completely.

a-icuníé [North]

v.dir v.mid. 1 • [North]

concluded. 2 • [North] To be used up.

To be over, finished,

a-ɨcamɨcám [North]

v. [North]

taste’.

To taste sth.

See: a-ɨshám ‘To

a-ɨcamʉ́ [North] v. [North] To like sth.; like food. a-ɨcamunóí [North] v.mid. [North] To taste good. Kɛ́ ́camúnōī. It has a good taste. (SN). Mɛɨcamúnōī. It doesn't have a good taste. (SN). See: a-ɨcamú ‘To like (food)’.

a-ɨcankarrá [North] v. [North] To argue loudly. Ɨḱ ́ncankárratɛ. We argued loudly. (S). See: a-ɨshankárr ‘To argue’.

a-ɨcɨák [North] a-ɨcɨak ́ [North]

v. [North]

To meet s.o. or find sth. by chance.

v.dat. [North]

To follow instructions exactly. See: a-ɨshɨaak ́ ‘To put sth. just right’.

a-ɨcɨaakɨnɔ́ [North]

v.dat v.mid. 1 • [North]

To arrive opposite to. 2 • [North] To be right, just, fitting, appropriate, deserving.

-icie [North] voi pf. [North] Perfect(ive) Antipassive suffix. Kɛ́tárányícīē. He/she was a singer. See: -ɨshɔ ‘Antipassive suffix’.

a-ɨc ́m [North] Usage: esp.

v. 1 • [North]

To suckle a dry breast or udder.

of calves. 2 • [North] To suck or nibble on sth. See: a-ɨsh ́m ‘To suck, chew’.

a-icíó [North]

v. [North]

To give birth. Kétíície. She gave birth. (S). See: a-ishó ‘To give birth’; a-íú ‘To bear offspring’.

a-ɨc ́r [North]

v. 1 • [North]

To cry, weep, mourn (not necessarily shedding tears). Nélō Sɨdá ́ aɨcɨraá. Then ostrich went off weeping. (S). 2 • [North] To lament. See: a-ɨsh ́r ‘To weep’; a-ɨsogɛ́t ‘To cry’.

a-ɨcɨrc ́r [North] [North] To whimper, be weepy, keep on crying or weeping.

a-icirkalíé [North] carelessly.

v. [North]

To use sth. wastefully and

a-ɨcɨrt ́t [North]

v. [North]

slip, slide’.

a-icirtitíé [North]

To slip, slide down.

See: a-ɨshɨrt

́t ‘To

1 • [North]

To smooth sth., esp. the walls of a traditional house with cow dung or mud. 2 • [North] To make slippery.

a-ɨc ́ʉ́ [North] [àtʃyʊ́] v. [North] To get well, recover from illness. Ká ́c ́wa. I got better. (S). See: a-ishíú ‘To recover’. a-iciuníé [North] v.apl. [North] To heal sth. -ɨcɔ [North] voi. [North] Variant (esp. North Maa) of the Antipassive suffix -ɨshɔ.

a-ɨcɔ́ [North]

To give. Kɛ́ ́cɔɔ. He gave it. (S). 2 • [North] To allow, permit, let. See: a-ɨshɔ́ ‘To give’. v. 1 • [North]

a-icooyó [North]

v.dir. [North]

daughter in marriage).

icói [North]

To give away, give out (eg. a

[North] Nom sg: ícoi. [North] Acc pl: icôn. [North] Nom pl: icôn. n.

[North] Yield, issue (of a person, field, etc.). [North] ‘To give birth’.

a-icóp [North]

See: a-ició

v. 1 • [North]

To wear, put on. 2 • [North] To cover extensively (eg. locusts covering a hillside). See: a-ishóp ‘To dress’.

a-icopó [North]

v.mid. 1 • [North]

To be dressed. Kéícópe. She

is dressed. (S). 2 • To be dressed up, decked out.

a-icú [North] a- ́d

To be alive. 2 • [North] To be trustworthy. v.prog. 1 • To

v. 1 • [North]

See: a-ishú ‘To

be alive’.

jump up and move horizontally and land on the other side of sth.; jump over sth., spring over sth. Ɛɨd ́ta enkíne ɔlpááshíé. The goat is jumping over the fence. Ɛɨ́ d ɛnkáyíóní ɔlpááshíé ́sááî uní. The boy will jump over the fence for three hours. Ɛɨ́ d ɛnkáyíóní ɔlpááshíé tɔɔ́

́sááî úni. i) The boy will jump over the fence for three hours

(multiple times). ii) The boy will jump over the fence three hours hence. Ɛɨ́ d ɛnkáyíóní ́sááî uní. The boy will jump over three clocks/watches. (*The boy will jump for three hours/*The boy will jump three hours hence.). Ɛɨdákɨ ɔlpááshíé. The fence has been jumped over. Ɛ́ ́d ̄shɔ̄ ɛná áyíóní. This boy can jump over things. Áaidie ɔlpááshíé. He will make me jump over the fence. Áaidíé ɔlpááshíé. He made me jump over the fence. Éípid ɛtargéetî a ́d ɛncaní. The grasshopper will jump over the twig. See: a-ipíd ‘To jump’.

skip a stage. Ɛ́ ́dá ɛnkáyíóní inkilasiní uní. The boy has skipped Standard 3. (ie. He went directly from Standard 2 to Standard 4 in school.). 3 • To be ahead of; overtake; supersede s.o. in terms of sth. Ɛ́ ́dá ɛnkáyíóní inkulíē tɛ súkuúl. The boy has overtaken the rest of the boys in school. 4 • To mentally blank out or wander for a time; forget some ́ items in a sequence of items. Ɨŋgɨlá lɛ́lɔ̂ ɔmɔ́n amʉ̂ áaɨdâ. (i) Repeat those words because I missed them (eg. I was not paying attention while you were talking). (ii) Repeat those words because I skipped them (eg. I forgot to say them during my speech, but you know what they are and so can say them for me). (lit: Repeat those words because they jumped over me.). 2 • To

a-ɨdak ́ 1 • To jump onto or into; spring at sth. Átɔ́dúáa náají oltʉ́lal ɔɨdákā ɛnkají. I have seen a baboon that jumped onto the house. Ɛ ́dāk ̄ ɛnkáyíóní ɛnkárɛ́. The boy will jump into the water. Áaɨdakinyíé ɔlpáyian ɛnkayíóni ɛnkárɛ́. The man has made the boy jump the water for my

sake. 2 • To get on the back of; copulate with, as of animals. Ɛɨdákā ɔlɔ́ ́ŋɔ́n ́ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. The bull has gotten on the back

of the cow.

a-ɨdakɨnɔ́ [North] v.dat v.mid. [North] To spring at. a-ɨdaayá SUBJN: ndaa. v. To perish; be finished off, be destroyed. Mɛáta ɔltʉŋáni oyíéú nɛ́ ́daáya. There is no one who ́ wants to perish. Ɨndaa ́! Die! a-ɨdác [North] v. 1 • [North] To step on. See: a-ɨdásh ‘To trample’. 2 • [North]

To malign s.o.

a-ɨdacaá [North]

To pass by; have a brief stopover on the way to somewhere else. 2 • [North] To run over, step on as one goes forward.

a-ɨdacʉ́ [North]

v.dir. 1 • [North]

v.dir. 1 • [North]

To pass by; have a brief stopover on the way to the point of reference. 2 • [North] To run over, step on as one comes back.

a-ɨdacɨdác [North] [North] To tread here and there. a-ɨdaikíé v. 1 • To eat up, finish food. This is not used for consuming liquids (water, petrol, sodas, etc.). See: a-daá ‘To eat’. 2 • To exterminate, destroy, kill. This can be used for destroying people, animals, maize fields, buildings, forests, pests, ants, etc.

a-ɨdák v. To perish. a-ɨdakíé [North] [North] To exterminate. See: a-ɨdaikíé ‘To exterminate; eat up’; a-mʉ́t ‘To finish’.

a-ɨdaakinó v.dat v.mid. To destroy each other. a-ɨdalaány v. To spread out, as of legs. aɨdalaány embúku To spread out the pages of a book.

a-ɨdalaanyarí To lie flat with legs spread out. See: a-ɨdɛlarí ‘To a-ɨdáŋ

lie flat with legs and hands spread out’; a-ɨbalaanyaá ‘To gradually light up; increase’. v. 1 • To

be disfluent in speech (not necessarily permanently), potentially involving hesitation, stammering, misuse one word for another, mis-statement, etc. Átéjo á ́rɔ́ Maâ ná ́dɑ̀ŋ

amʉ̂ mayíólo aɨrɔ́rɔ I tried to speak Maa but I stumbled because I do not know how to speak it. Kɛ́ ́daŋ ɔltʉ́ŋání tenéírut. A frightened person stammers. See: a-ɨramɨrám ‘To

have a permanent speech disorder’. 2 • To be confused, dumb-founded. 3 • [North] To utter meaningless or unimportant words; prattle.

a-ɨdaŋɨdáŋ To keep on being awkward in speech; continue talking but not be of any help to anyone. ɔltʉŋáni ɔɨdaŋ ́daŋ person who is awkward in speech. a-ɨdaŋíé To confuse, cause to loose track of what s.o. is doing or a-ɨdáp

thinking. v. To

make plodding movements (possibly in one position) with the palms of the hands or the soles of the feet.

a-ɨdapɨdáp

1 • To

flatten sth. by repeated hitting or beating. 2 • To remove the fat layer of meat from the sides and ribs of a cow (such that just the ribs are left). 3 • To defeat s.o. in verbal argument or debate. 4 • [North] To go to many different place and not directly to one's destination. See: ɛn-dâp ‘Palm (of hand), sole (of foot)’.

a-ɨdapásh v. 1 • To scatter. Míntóki aʉ́m kʉnâ tokitín, ́ndapashá. Do not heap these things together, scatter them. (Pk). 2 • To spread sth. out in a wide flat arrangement. This includes spreading sth. like a sheet out, or spreading corn on a sheet.

a-idapashá To spread (self) out, disperse (members of a group). Bási émintóki áaɨshɔ ɛɨdapásha. So don't let them disperse.

Ant: a-sót

a-ɨdapdáp [North]

‘To gather; heap’. See: dápásh ‘Broad, wide’.

v. 1 • [North]

To allocate oneself or grab a

large track of land. 2 • [North] To slaughter crudely, with broad strokes, in order to carry off the meat (eg. as would be done by thieves). See: a-

ɨdáp ‘To plod’.

a-ɨdásh

[North]: a-ɨdác. v. To

flatten by stepping on; trample underfoot, squash, crush.

a-ɨdatɨdát [North] v. [North] To dream. See: a-ɨdɛtɨdɛ́t ‘To dream’. a-idaudáú [North] v. [North] To rave. See: a-yiaŋiyíáŋ ‘To rave’. a-ɨdɛkɛ́t v. To be slippery, slick. Ɛɨdɛ́kɛt ɛnkɔ̂p tɛ nɛ́sha. The land is slippery when it rains.

a-ɨdɛkɛtarí

a-ɨdɛ́l

v.dir v.mid. To

Syn: a-ɨshɨrt

́t ‘To be slick’.

slide; move obliquely or sideways, usually in an uncontrolled manner. Ɛɨdɛkɛtári ɛŋgárrî tɛ nkɔ̂p náshal. A vehicle slides on a wet surface. See: aɨshɨrt ́t ‘To slide’. v. To

get a liquid little by little from a reservoir (or udder for milk) until it is enough.

a-ɨdɛlʉ́ To scoop out when there is little liquid. See: a-okú ‘To fetch water’.

be nursing (of a mother). Ɛt́ ɛ́rɛ́wá yieyíô ɛ́ ́dɛ́lâ. He has chased our mother away while she was still nursing.

a-ɨdɛlá

a-ɨdɛlarí

v. To

lay oneself down with hands and legs spread out; or, flop oneself back (eg. in a chair) with hands and legs out. This can be due to exhaustion, sleep or sickness. Óre amʉ̂ ánáʉ́ra olêŋ, káyīēū ná ́dɛlári tɛ ndapásh. Because I am too tired, I want to lie flat on the bed. Usage: a-ɨdɛlarí implies exhaustion, extreme sleepyness, or sickness. a-ɨdalaány (or a-ɨdalaanyarí) focuses specifically on the position of the legs and could not be done in a chair; a-ɨbalaanyarí is quite general and need not imply exhaustion, but could not be done in a chair. All these are subtypes of a-ɨrrág.. See: a-ɨdalaány ‘To spread out, as of legs’; a-ɨbalaanyaá ‘To gradually light up; increase’; a-ɨrrág ‘To lie down’.

a-ɨdɛ́ny

v.dir v.mid. To

v. 1 • To

pile up, heap up. 2 • [North] To patiently get milk little by little from a cow that

doesn't let milk. See: a-ɨdɛ́l ‘To get a liquid little by little’.

a-ɨdɛtɨdɛ́t

dream. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí náʉrʉra aɨdɛtɨdɛ́t. A sleeping child is dreaming. (Pk). Ɛɨdɛtɨdɛt ́ta. He is dreaming. Ɛɨdɛ́t ́dɛ́t ́ta. He is dreaming. (W). See: a-ɨdátɨdát [North] ‘To dream’. See: ɛn-k ́dɛ́tɨdɛ́tata ‘Dreaming’; ɛnk ́dɛ́t ́dɛt ‘Dream’.

a-idiá ídîâ

v.prog. To

be a mean, worthless person. Éídia ɛldɛ́ páyian. That man is a mean worthless person. See: ol-dîâ ‘Dog’. v. To

[ìdìà] in context] Nom sg: idîâ,

ídîâ. dem. Feminine singular demonstrative; 3rd degree of distalness; that (far-away but potentially still visable). ídîâ búku that book (far away but visible). Ídîâ wúâs táatá ínosíé ɨlashɔ́. Today have the calves graze at that plain. A: Kánʉ ́nd ́pa atɛshɛ́ta ɛnkají? B: Á ́d ́pa ídîâ ɔlɔ́ŋ. A: When did you finish building the house? B: I finished it the other day. (Speaker B is not being specific about which day, except that it is in the past.). Emúóíta olóíŋóní; áâ taá ́lɔ̂ láínyáŋúá ídíâ ká ́ olôŋ. The bull is sick, that is, the one that I had bought the other day. (W). See: lékûâ ‘Those’; Pronouns-Demonstratives.

idia-ɔlɔ́ŋ adv. Distant future, including day after tomorrow. a-ididimán v. To aggrandize, expressing qualities traditionally associated with men. Usage: Colloquial. Tónyuaa índidimaná tánapʉ́ ́lɔ̂ olá oiróshi. Try to express manly qualities and carry that heavy luggage.

See: a-nyɔ́k ‘To

work hard’.

enk-ídídíman n. The expression of masculine qualities. ídîê [ìdìè] Nom sg: ídîê. dem. Distal place demonstrative indicating a place very far away; there. Ɛshɔmɔ́ ɔláyíóní aulúó aló ídîê ó ídie. The boy has gone all over the place, there and over there.

See: Pronouns

a-ɨdɨɨdá [North]

Þ Demonstrative pronouns.

In some suffixed forms: a-ɨdɨɨdán. v. [North]

To jump up and down (not necessarily over sth.). See: a-ŋoró ‘To jump’; a-

ipíd ‘To jump’; a- ́d ‘To jump over’; a-dʉmʉ́ ‘To jump (as in a dance)’; a-itíám ‘To jump, hop’; a-ɨpɨr ́ ‘To jump’.

a-ɨdɨɨdaná To be restless, moving from place to place; pace. Míntóki aɨdɨɨdaná tɛmbatá ɛ́ nkɨma amʉ̂ ékīnyīā. a-idík

Don't be restless near the fire because you can be burnt. ɔltʉŋáni ɔɨdɨɨdána person who is restless. v. 1 • To

join. Éídik. He will join them.

lengthen. aidík ɛnkɛɛnɛ́ peê ɛbaɨk ́ atɛɛ́na ɔlɔɨŋɔ́nɨ To lengthen the strap so that it could tie the ox. aidík ɨlɔmɔ́n To lengthen news. 2 • To

a-idikidík

1 • To

keep on joining together. 2 • To join thoroughly. 3 • [North] To tie to sth. which is in motion (eg. a goat to another goat).

a-idikokí To join up with. aidikokí olgosôî ɔlɨkâ ̂ To join the rope with the other one.

a-idikoré [North] [North] To accompany s.o. as a sign of loyalty.

a-idikidikoré v.mid. To follow up with; get involved in or with. Te níndikidíkoré ɛná síáai, nááyá ɛlʉ́kʉ́nyá. If you keep on involving yourself in this issue, I will kill you. (lit: If you keep on joining yourself with this issue, I will take-you the head.).

a-ɨd ́k v. To throb, throb with pain (eg. from an injury), ache. Ɛ́ ́dɨk. It throbs with pain. a-ɨdɨkɨd ́k To throb with pain repeatedly. a-ɨd ́m v.aux+Subjunctive-Infinitive. 1 • To be able, capable, have the strength to do sth. Á ́dɨm ataára ɔlŋátúny metúá. I can kill a lion. (W). Má ́dɨm ataára ɔlŋátúny metúá. I cannot kill a lion. (W). Ká ́dɨm ayiéw táísere. I will be able to

come tomorrow. (S). Átáán ́kɨ amʉ̂ ká ́dɨm aɨbʉ́ŋa. I am near to it because I can touch it. (Pk). Á ́d ́ma ataára ɔlŋátúny metúá ŋolé. I was able to kill the lion yesterday. (W). Á ́d ̂m ataára ɔlárrɔ metúá tááisére. Tommorow I will be able to kill a buffalo. (W). Má ́d ̂m ataára ɔlárrɔ tááisére. Tommorow I will not be able to kill a buffalo. (W).

be competent at sth. Ɔltʉŋáni ɔ́ ́dɨm ataása esíáai A person who is competent in doing the work. 3 • To indicate that sth. might occur; can, may, perhaps. Ɛɨd ́māyʉ̄. It is possible. (W). Mɛɨd ́māyʉ̄. It is impossible. (W). Ká ́dɨm ayéu tááisére. I may come tomorrow. (S). 2 • To

To be powerful, able. Kɛ́ ́d ̄m Nkaí. God is able/powerful. (S). 4 • [North]

a-ɨdɨmá

v.mid. To

be capable; be of equal strength. Kɛ́ ́d ́mā. They can face each other (their strength is equal; they have the same ability). Kɛ́ ́dɨmáro. They can face each other (their strength is equal). [This form focuses more on reciprocal action, of doing sth. to one another, than does kɛ́ ́d ́mā.].

a-ɨdɨmʉ́

v.dir. 1 • To

be able to carry. Maɨd ́mʉ ɛlɛ̂ olá. I will not be able to carry this luggage.

overcome. Ká ́d ́mʉ ɛnâ nyamáli. I will overcome this problem. 3 • To prove capable or fit; meet requirements; measure up to. 2 • To

́ Ɨncɔɔ ɛwálátá naɨd ́mʉ nɛ́nâ kikilikuanát ɛnyɛ́na.

Give him an answer that will answer those questions of his. (Pk). Ɛɨtʉ́ aɨd ́mʉ ataára ɔlŋátúny metúá ŋolé. I was not able to kill the lion yesterday. (W).

a-ɨdɨŋá

v.mid. To

be congested, crowded, filled or occupied to the point of overflowing. Kɛ́ ́d ́ŋa ɛná áji. This house is congested/crowded. See: ɛn-kɨdɨŋá ‘Congestion; overcrowding’.

a-ɨd ́p v v.aux+subjn-infinitive. 1 • To finish, complete (a task). Máapé áaɨdɨp entúróré ɛnkɔ́p peê kípúó áŋ. [kípúó ! áŋ] Let us go and finish up the cultivation so that we can go home. (Pk). Ká ́d ́pa. I have finished it. (S). Ká ́d ́pa píi ŋolé. [káydɪ ́pa] I nished it completely yesterday. (SN). Óu

tádɛkɛnyá amʉ̂ káanyu, káke mílotú taá dáma amʉ̂ á ́d ́pa} ɨna kátá ashɔ́mɔ. Come in the morning because I

will wait for you, but don't come in the afternoon because I would have left by that time. (lit: ... because I would have finished to go by that time.) (Pk). Usage: a-ɨd ́p refers to finishing or completing a task. a-ɨshʉ́ refers to finishing or exhausting some object such as food. Thus, the command íncu! is appropriate for tell s.o. to finish off the food in a bowl, but not T ́ndɨpa.. 2 • To be sufficient. See: a-ɨshʉ́ ‘To finish’; a-itíŋ ‘To finish’; abaɨk ́ ‘To be sufficient’; a-ɨmʉ́ ‘To be sufficient’. 3 • After.

Áyíéú shái aɨdɨpá atadáayu. I want tea after I

have eaten. (W).

a-ɨdɨpá

v.mid. 1 • To

be complete.

2 • To

be ready to use. 3 • To be sufficient.

a-ɨdɨrɨdɨrʉ́ v. To carry a heavy load towards the speaker. a-ɨdɨrɨdɨraá To carry a heavy load away. a-ɨdɨrɨdɨrak ́ To carry a heavy load to. a-idís v. 1 • To drizzle. 2 • To

be cloudy, stormy, overcast. See: ɛn-cán ‘Rain’; a-ɨtɨpɨt ́p ‘To drizzle’; a-ilísh ‘To be moody’. 3 • To be in bad moods.

a-idisíé enkomóm v. To wrinkle the face. Éídísíé oltásât enkomóm amʉ̂ ɛtagóre. The old man has wrinkled his face because he is angry.

See: enk-omóm ‘Face’.

a-idiyiadí v. To be anxious, worried; be stressed about. ́ .̀ A person will be Kéídiyíádi ɔltʉ́ŋání tenéjokiní, "Ɨyɛ̄ worried if he is told, "You will die". anxious’.

a-ɨdɔndɔ́rr

v.prog. 1 • To

See: a-ɨŋaɨŋá

́ ‘To be worried,

tame or train a young donkey by teaching it

to carry a pack. aɨdɔndɔ́rr olkurrarrú mɛtánapa ololá To train a young donkey to carry the pack. See: a-irót ‘To load with a pack’. 2 • To subdue, tame. 2 • [North] To train, teach. 3 • To make sth. or s.o. move away. Usage: colloquial. ́ Ɨndɔndɔrráí ololá linó ́wa amʉ̂ ɨmayíéú Take up your load and go because I don't want (your stuff). [rude]. Á ́dɔ́ndɔ́rr ́ta. (i) I am training a young donkey by loading it with a pack. (ii) I am making sth. move. 4 • [North] To coax a cow to give milk by stroking it.

a-idóŋ

v. 1 • To

beat or pound into small pieces using an instrument; fashion with force; grind. aidóŋ enkurmá To grind maize

into flour. Eidóŋutûô They have beaten sth. towards this direction. Eidóŋutúa. They have beaten sth.towards this direction. (SN). See: a-ár ‘To beat’; a-bɛ́l ‘To beat’; a-ósh ‘To beat’; a-iut'út ‘To grind grain’. 2 • To castrate by pounding; demasculinize. This is done by pressing the nerves that connect the testicles of a male animal with the rest of the body to make it non-productive. aidóŋ ɔláshê mɛtáa ɔlk ́tɛ́ŋ To castrate a calf to make it an ox. Kéídóŋōyī alɛ́ á ́ŋɔ́n ́. This bull can be castrated (ie. by pounding the testicles with a stick). (SN). See: a-gɛlɛ́m ‘To castrate’. 3 • To 4 • To

forge iron. aidóŋ olcúma To forge metal.

beat, cane. Note: In SN, this is the common word for beating a child with a stick for the purpose of discipline Etymology: ProtoOngamoMaa *-idoŋ- 'beat, forge (v.)', (Vossen 1989:195) from PEN *-doŋ-

'beat repeatedly, forge, castrate completely' (. Vossen writes, '"the primary meaning is probabaly 'to beat', since it is found in both primary branches of Easten Nilotic. Moreover, 'to beat' is less specific that 'to forge' or 'to castrate' which both presuppose the action of beating" (Vossen 1982:330-31)..

a-idoŋidóŋ To keep on beating/crushing/grinding/pounding over and over.

a-idoŋú [North] v.dir. [North] To forge. a-idoŋidóŋ v.prog. Restrict: liguid. To drink fast, chug down. Áídoŋídóŋíto kʉlɛ́. I am chugging down milk. See: a-ók ‘To drink’.

a-ɨdɔ́p v. 1 • To make worse, aggravate, exacerbate; finish off. M ́k ́ndɔp, ɨncɔɔ́kɨ mataárarɛ ɛnyamálī áí ɔ́pɛny

Don't aggravate it for me, let me struggle with my own problem. 2 • To ruin. 3 • To finish off, give "coup de grace" to kill an animal that will certainly die anyway. See: a-ɨgɔlaá ‘To kill an animal that will

certainly die anyway’.

a-idós

v. 1 • To

pluck out, pull out sharply; strip. 2 • To take back all possessions. 3 • [North] To sneak.

To skin or scrape (eg. one's knee). Éídósó nkɔ́p. He scraped on the ground. (S). 4 • [North]

a-idosú

1 • To

pull out, extract, uproot. 2 • [North] To sneak away from and arrive. 3 • [North] To run out of sth.

a-idukudúk

repeatedly do sth. 2 • [North] To have stomach upsets which throb with pain. See: aɨd ́k ‘Throb with pain’.

a-idúl

v. 1 • To

v.prog. 1 • To

drink excessive amounts of a liquid after short ́ t inkíshú teníndul intervals. Usage: colloquial. Ɨmʉ́ ɛnáíshó. You will finish (sell all) cows when you drink alcohol excessively. 2 • To make the sound of liquid in a container. See: a-ilúg ‘To drink excessively’.

a-idurúk v. 1 • To be morally or socially unclean; defiled. Mɛj ̂ŋ oshî ɨlɛ́wâ ɛnkají ɛ́ ntɔ́mɔ́nɔ́nɨ amʉ̂ kéídúruk. Men

don't get into the house of a woman that has just given birth because it is unclean. Kéídúruk ɛnkâŋ ɔ́ ltʉŋáni ɔtaará ɔlɨkâ ̂ metúá The home of a murderer is unclean.

be dirty, unclean; untidy. Eidúruk ɛná áji amʉ̂ méôr enkítok. This house is dirty because the woman doesn't sweep it. See: ol-dúruk ‘Uncleanliness; dirt; defilement’. 2 • To

a-ɨdʉ́rr

migrate, move house. (K)áídʉ́rra. I have moved my house. (S). 2 • To mentally move from one thought to another; mentally wander. Óre aké téípa nɛ́ ́dʉrr ɨnkɛ́ra e sukúul v. 1 • To

ɨndámunot. In the afternoon/evening, school children's minds wander (migrate). Ɛ́ ́dʉ́rrâ ɨndámunot ɔ́ lɛ Tara. Ole-Tara's thoughts have wandered. Áaɨdʉrrâ ɨndámunot. My thoughts have wandered.

a-idurríé To move house, cattle (transitive). Shɔ́mɔ tátala ínê peê tenéleŋ níkipuonú áadurrie inkíshú. Go

-íé

and survey there, if you find it green enough with pasture then we can take the cows. Képūō ɨltʉŋaná ɔ́ɨdʉ́rr áaɨrragarie inkíshú ɛnyɛ̂ inkáŋítie. The migrants will sleep away at other people's homes with their cows. (Pk). See: a-iwúót ‘To migrate’.

In some suffixed forms:: -iek,

-yie. appl. 1 • Applicative suffix for Class I and Class II verbs with a range of meanings: 1a • Instrument.

Ɛshɔmɔ́ enkítok aokunyíé oltóo ɛnkárɛ́

tɔlkɛ́jʉ. The woman went to fetch water with a barrel at the river. Kóre tɛ nɛ́tashá ŋolé ánáátá kinotô ɛnkárɛ́ nikíntukúyie inkíshú. If it could have rained yesterday,

we could have gotten water that we (could) spray/wash cows with. (W). Éípukóti apá olashé ótalakíéki orkíné. The calf that was used to pay for the castrated he-goat was a blend of black and white in color. (Pk). Ápíkie enkikómpe ɛnkárɛ́ emotí. I will use the cup to put water into the pot. (W). Kídúŋókínyie táatá. You will cut it for me using it. (W).

Nɛ́kuɛtunyíéki kʉlɛ́ ɛɨtɔk ́tɔk. They rushed with the milks when they are still fresh. Káyíéú náítóki aasishoré Mɛɨpɔny ́. I want to work with 1b • Accompanyment.

Meiponyi. (Pk) [a-as-ɨshɔ(r)-íé(k) INF.SG-do-APASS-INST]. 1c • Reason.

Etííie ɔlayíóní ɔlpayíán ɛnkají. The boy is in

the house with/because of the man. (The boy depends on the man for food or accomodation).

1d • Source.

Áapurroríé ɔlmʉrraní imbeníá. The warrior

will steal the bags from me. (W).

Nérukúnīē aké isírúai. Elands just came out [from a place which was hit]. Náa ɛncɔ́rrɔ-ɛ́-mʉny apá ɛ́tʉmʉratíeki. And it is Ngong town where they were circumcised. iloówuonie ɛnkárɛ́ the ones that stay at the water (C). Néishúnie ɛnkátiní ai tɛ ínê. My story ends 1e • Location.

-ie

there. 2 • Causative suffix for Class II verbs (ie. most stems which begin with i-). Áaidie ɔlpááshíé. He will make me jump over the fence. Áaidíé ɔlpááshíé. He made me jump over the fence. Áaɨŋatie ɔlŋátúny. He will make me flee from the lion. (W). Áaɨŋatíé ɔlŋátúny ŋolé. He made me flee from the lion yesterday. (W). Káídúrrie inkíshú toldonyíó. I will move the cows away from the mountain. (lit: I will make the cows move from the mountain.). Áíwúáŋie embúku. I will move the book. (lit: I will make the book go aside.) (W). Eishúrie. She will make it overcooked. Éíshúríé. See: ɨtV- ‘Class I Causative’.

asp. Form

of Perfect(ive) that occurs after Away directional and on Perfect(ive) Instrumental/Class II Causative. n ́ ́máyie that you have passed through. Éíshúríé. See: -a(k) ‘Perfect(ive)’.

a- ́g [North] v. [North] To brush one's teeth. a-ɨgaanyá v. To squat. a-ɨgál [North] v. 1 • [North] To roam about. 2 • [North]

To be idle.

a-ɨgány v. To fill, cause to occupy the whole of. aɨgány emotí ɛnkárɛ́ To fill the pot with water. a-iganyá To be filled. See: a-ɨpʉ́t ‘To fill’. a-ɨgará v.mid. 1 • To obstruct from seeing; hide behind. Ɛɨgárā

ŋolé. He hid himself behind sth. yesterday. Ɛɨgára táaisére. He will hide himself behind sth. tomorrow. Meiŋúár ̄ ɔltʉŋáni te néígara ɛncaní. A person is not ́ left when he/she goes to hide behind a tree. (KS). Ɨngará ɛnkají! Hide yourself behind the house! 2 • Ɛɨgára ɛnkáji enkíné. The house will obstruct/hide the goat from view. Ɛɨgárā ɛnkáji enkíné. The house obstructed/hid the goat from view. Ɛ ́gar ́ta ɛnkáji enkíné. ́ The house is obstructing/hiding the goat from view. Ɨngará peê mélíoyu. Obstruct the sight of him so that he will not be seen. (eg. stand in front of him). Melíoo Karen amʉ̂ ɛɨgar ́ta ɛnkáji. Karen cannot be seen because the house is obstructing.

a-igaríé

hide behind sth. aigaríé embúku o lórika To hide a book behind a chair. v.cause. To

a-ɨgarak ́ v.dat. 1 • To shut an opening or passage temporarily. ́ Ɨŋarak ́ kʉ́tʉ́k ají. Close the door temporarily. 2 • To pass next to. Óre tenílō láâm iŋúáā NEGST náa ́ŋárāk ̄ HFB. When you go to the road from NEGST you will pass next to HFB.

a-igarakinó 2 • To

v.dat v.mid. 1 • To

rely on.

lean on.

a-igataá v.dir. Restrict: Liquid. To sip a little bit of sth. Eigatáyie ɛnk ́tɛŋ ɛnkárɛ́. The cow has sipped little water. See: a-ók ‘To drink’.

a-igér v.prog. 1 • To brand designs; make beauty scars. aigér enkomóm to tatoo the face. This may be done with a razor

blade on a cow, warrior, or a girl. On a person, the design is generally many short lines around the stomach. It may be done with a needle on a woman's face or breasts. Sap of the ol-ŋéríántús plant is worked into the cuttings to make dark blue tatoo marks.

write. Áígéríto embúku tɛ nkálamu. I am writing a book using a pen. (Pk). Ɨncɔɔ́kɨ ɛnkardási náígérie kʉlɔ̂ róreí. Give me a paper to write these words. (Pk). See: a-ɨg ́s ‘To mark, carve’; a-s ́r ‘To mark’. Usage: A-ɨg ́s or a-igér could be used for making individual block letters. Only a-igér would be used for joined cursive letters.. See: ol-kígérótó ‘Writing; registration’. 2 • To

employ; register. aigér tɛ síáai to employ (lit: write in the job). Kéígēr Peter John. i) Peter will write the name "John" (eg. on a piece of paper). ii) Peter will employ John. (K)áígéro. I have employed him. (S). The connection between "write" and "employ" is that to be employed in a job, one will have his/her name written down in a book. 4 • [North] To mark a ring around a tree when felling it. 3 • To

a-igerokí To write to s.o. a-igerokinó v.dat v.mid. 1 • To be inscribed. 2 • To

write to each other (pl only).

a-igeroó To keep on writing sth. aigeroó ɨmpála To keep on writing and sending letters.

a-igerú a-ɨg ́l

1 • To

write to me. 2 • [North] To surround prey or enemies such that there is no escape.

́ repeat. Ɨngɨlá lɛ́lɔ̂ ɔmɔ́n amʉ̂ áaɨdâ. Repeat those words/news because I missed them. (eg. I was not paying attention). Á ́g ́l ́ta ɛndarása ɛ Kinkɛrɛ́sa amʉ̂ átárríe ɔlárɨ ɔshɔmɔ́. I am repeating the English class because I failed last year. (W). Ká ́gɨl aló nkárɛ́. I will go for water again. (S). 2 • To do again, repeat. See: a-nyaaká ‘To have repeated’; aitokí ‘To repeat’. v.prog. 1 • To

a-ɨgɨlʉ́ [North] To make a circle around. a-ɨgɨrrɨg ́rr v.prog. 1 • To sharpen with a typically metal file. Restrict:

Metal. Á

́g ́rr ́g ́rr ́ta ɔlálɛ́m mɛt ́pɨja I am filing/sharpening

a sword so that it becomes sharp.

cut by repeatedly rasping with metal. Ɛɨgɨrr ́g ̄rrā esekenkêî é lusíé adúŋ peê épûrr ɛnkají. He cut the metal of the window in order to rob the house. 2 • To

a-ɨgɨrrɨgɨrrɨshɔ́ a-igís

v.apas. To

begin to establish one's self in life with reference to the accumulation of cattle, household items, goods. See: ɔl-g ́rr ́g ́rrɛ́t ‘File’; a-iutu'út ‘To grind’.

jump up with legs off the ground at the same time and quickly back onto the same surface (as in men dancing), or to another lower surface. Káígísíto. I am jumping. Éígísô ŋolé ɨlmʉ́rrân tɛ bɔ́ɔ. Yesterday warriors jumped inside the kraal. Áagisíé osinkólīō. The song has made me jump (to its rythm). Áígísókō atûâ ɛnkárɛ́. I jumped into the water. See: a-ŋoró ‘To jump’; a-ipíd ‘To jump’; ád ‘To jump over’; a-dʉmʉ́ ‘To jump (as in a dance)’; a-itíám ‘To jump’; a-ɨpɨr ́ ‘To jump’.

a-ɨg ́s

v.prog. Restrict: human. To

v.prog. To

produce semi-permanent marks that are not continuous with one another (eg. block letters, cuts on the skin to facilitate healing, tread on tyres or bottom of shoes, carving in wood or metal); mark, carve. Ká ́g ́s ́ta. I am carving, marking. Usage: a-ɨg ́s would not be used for writing a book (cf. a-igér)..

a-ɨg ́s ɛnkɔ́shɔ́kɛ To cut the stomach with short cuts, perhaps around the belly area, eg. for treating a disease. mark, write’.

See: a-igér ‘To

a-ɨgɔlaá v.dir. 1 • To kill an animal that will certainly die anyway. Eigoláítie inkíshu oláshê. The cows have killed a calf that was already weak. This could be done for compassionate reasons. For example, when migrating if a weak cow is just unable to move further, it might be killed so that it would not be taken by hyenas.

2 • To

ruin sth. that is already seriously damaged, so it is unusable.

a-igolarí v.dir v.mid. To die (of an already weak animal). Eigolári ayɛ́. It has died (an already weak animal). a-igór v. 1 • To moan, groan. 2 • To

make a sound from fear or pain (eg. because of an attack or severe sickness). This is distinguished from mooing and from cries made by humans. See: a-ɨsh ́r ‘cry’.

a-igorgór [North]

Variant: a-igorrugórr; a-igorogór. v. [North]

To

scrape off (eg. bark from a stick, fuzz from a hide). See: acʉ́rt ‘To scrape’. Usage: A-igorgór implies more difficult removal than does a-cʉ́rt..

a-igúán

[North]: a-ɨgúán. v. 1 • To

advise’. 2 • [North] To judge.

advise, counsel.

See: a-igúɛ́n ‘To

a-ɨguaná [North] [North] To deliberate, hold a meeting. a-ɨguanarɛ́ [North] [North] To reprove, judge. a-ɨguanak ́ [North] [North] To win over to an idea or counsel; convince.

ɛnk-igúána [Purko] igúɛ́na ‘Meeting’.

n. [Purko]

Meeting.

See: enk-

a-ɨgúár [North] v. [North] To scratch an animal lightly, esp. on the dewlap. Ká ́gwára. I have scratched it. (S). See: aɨgʉrgʉ́r ‘To scratch’.

a-igúɛ́n [North]: a-igwán. v. 1 • To advise, give counsel with wisdom. Éíguɛn ɔlpáyian ɨlayîôk lɛnyɛ́nā imbáa ɛ́ páyíánisho. The man will counsel his sons on issues

concerning manhood. This can take the form of a knowledgeable person advising s.o. with less experience or wit; or it can take the form of each person in a meeting contributing their viewpoint for all to hear. Syn: a-ikók ‘To advise, counsel’.

2 • To

give judgment; charge.

a-iguɛná

v.mid. To

discuss.

discuss, consider. Ɛg ́ra ɔláígúɛ́nání ashukú ́nâ báɛ peê epuo emúrúá áaiguanarɛ. The chief has referred (returned) that issue so that it can be dealt with by the people of the area. (Pk). 2 • [North] To decide. 1 • To

a-iguɛnak ́ To give counsel; preside over. a-iguɛnarɛ́ To reflect deeply on sth.; ponder. See: ɔl-

aigúɛ́nani ‘Chief, judge’; enk-igúɛ́na ‘Meeting’; a-ikumú ‘To judge’; a-r ́sh ‘To judge’.

enk-igúɛ́na

Nom sg: enk-íguɛnā. Acc pl: ink-iguɛnát. Nom pl: ink-

íguɛnat. [Purko] Acc sg: ɛnk-igúána. [North] Acc sg: nk-igwána. n. Meeting. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aitiŋíé ɛnkigúána. The man is bringing the meeting to an end. (Pk). See: a-igúɛ́n ‘To judge, counsel, advise’; ɔl-aigúɛ́nani ‘Advisor’.

a-igúɛ́r

v. To

cause to be calm or still. This is usually done to animals by scratching a little bit on their bodies. It is rarely done to humans, but when used it could be done by gentle urging or flattering. Ínguɛrá ɔlámʉyɛ peê itúm airóto. Make the male donkey calm so that you can load it. Syn: a-ɨtɔbɔ́r ‘To cause to be calm or still’.

a-ɨgʉɨgʉɨar ́ [North] slowly.

[aɪgwɪgwɪarɪ ́] v. [North]

To drag oneself along

a-igunyagúny v. To start moving (of a child). Eitérūā ɛnkɛráí aigunyagúny. The child has started to move. a-igunyagunyíé To harass playfully or maliciously (especially by ridicule); provoke with persistent annoyances; frustrate.

a-igurán

play. (K)ɛ́ ́gʉran ́ta. He is playing. (S). This playing could be racing, drama, dancing (though not ceremonially), or anything else a child would play at; the word [North]: a-ɨgʉrán. v.prog. 1 • To

is associated with happiness and fun. For reference to an adult, see sense 3. Ɛg ́ra náají inkáyiok áasotu intóto naíguránie. The boys are collecting pebbles for playing with. Ɛg ́ra ɨnkɛrâ kʉ́tɨt ́ áairrugo ɛgɨrá áaiguran. The small children are bending down as they play. dance, jump, sing. Eigúran ɨlmʉ́rrân ó ntóyie tɛ bɔ́ɔ. Warriors and girls dance in the centre of the kraal. 3 • To be playful; joking; act in a funny or teasing way. 4 • To be irresponsible. This could be said of a person who had been a 'good' person, but now seemed to be 'playing' with life. 5 • [North] To compete. 2 • To

a-iguraníé To play with, joke with. M ́ngʉ́ráníé á ́kátá ɨlasúrīāā! Never play with snakes! (W). ɔl-tʉŋáni oigúran A playful person. See: en-kigúran ‘Play’; arány ‘To dance’; a-cá ‘To dance’.

a-iguraníé 1 • To

v. play.with.

play with. 2 • To joke with. See: a-igurán ‘To play’.

a-ɨgʉrgʉ́r v. To scratch. a-ɨgʉ́s v.prog itr. To be shakable, unsteady. Ɛ́ ́gʉs ɛná bokíshi.

This house pole is not steady. (Pk). See: a-ɨgʉsʉgʉ́s ‘To shake’.

é-ígūsāt [North] v. [North] Emaciated; thin. Éígúsát kʉná kishu These cows are thin. Syn: sâs ‘thin’. a-igusigusíé Variant: a-igus!ugús!ie; a-igusugusíé. v. To shake sth. See: a-ipirripírr ‘To

shake’; a-ɨŋʉnʉŋún ‘To shake’; a-ɨpɔ́sh ‘To shake’; a-iseiseiye ‘To shake’; a-inyenyé ‘To shake’; a-ɨkíj ‘To shake’.

a-ɨgʉsʉgʉ́s

v itr. To

move back and forth in an unstable manner; shake. Ká ́gʉsʉ́gʉs. I'm shaking. (S).

a-igusugusíé

v.inst. To

shake sth.

See: a-ɨgʉ́s ‘To

shake’.

a-ɨgʉ́t

v.prog. To

change one's position by a short displacement (eg. from one chair to another); move a bit from one point to another; shift position. (K)á ́gʉ́t ́ta. I am moving a short amount.

a-ɨgʉtaá v.dir. To move away. a-igutíé To move sth. further away. a-ɨgʉtʉ́ v.dir. 1 • To move this way, draw near. 2 • [North]

a-igutuníé

To grow a bit.

v.dir v.mid. 1 • To

bring sth. closer. 2 • [North] To move sth. back into place.

a-ɨgʉtʉmá v.mid. To squat, sit. Ɛg ́ra ɔltʉ́ŋání aɨgʉtʉmá tɛ ɛnkaló olcaní. Somebody is squatting next to the tree. Ɛɨgʉ́tʉ́mā táatá. He will squat today / He is squatting now. (W). Ɛg ́ra taá atɔ́n aɨgʉtʉmá. He was just sitting. Ɛɨgʉ́tʉ́mɛ ŋolé. He squatted yesterday. (W). Íngutumayú peê ilutóo esekenkêî. Squat so that you can go through the fence. (W).

a-ɨgʉtʉmakinó

v.dat v.mid. To

ɨsaganyá ‘To squat’.

squat against sth.

See: a-saganyá; a-

a-ɨgʉyʉgʉyaá [North] [North] To take sth. away slowly. See: aɨkʉyʉ́k ‘To drag sth.’.

a-ɨgʉyʉgʉyarí a-ií

íîp a-íj

v.dir v.mid. To

ɔɨgʉyʉgʉyári ‘Tortoise’.

move slowly.

See: l-

v.prog. To

sharpen by rubbing, as on a whetting stone or a file. Káíi ɔlálɛ́m peê epijú. I will sharpen the sword so that it becomes sharp. Káíīē ɛlɛ́ tʉŋáni ɔlálɛ́m. I will make this man sharpen the sword. Káííto ɔlpánka. I am sharpening the panga. See: en-kií ‘Sharpening stone’.

num. Nom sg: íîp. Hundred. v.prog. To

iip nabô

warm one's self, by fire or sun. Áíjíto ldámā. I'm

basking in the sun. (S). Ɛ́ ́nɔsáká ŋolé iyíóók kókóô ɛnkatiní kííjito ɛnk ́má. Grandmother narrated to us a story yesterday as we warmed ourselves at the fireplace. (Pk).

a-ɨjɨlɨl ́

v. To

drain to the last drop, completely finish a liquid. This can be said of a person finishing off a cup, or of animals finishing off the last of the water in a dam.

a-ɨj ́p [North]

v.prog. 1 • [North]

To follow, move after. Ká ́j ́p ́ta.

I am following. (S). "Kéísúpat aná áji": "anâ" ná ́jɨpɨta "kéísúpat". (In the sentence) "Kéísúpat aná áji", "(The word) "anâ" comes after "kéísúpat". (SN). See: a-sʉ́j ‘To follow’; atubaké ‘To follow’. 2 • [North] To follow from a distance. See: a-irukurukoré ‘To follow closely’.

a-ɨjɨpaá

v.dir. Variant: a-ɨjʉpaá. 1 • To

follow. 2 • [North] To be on s.o.'s trail, follow s.o. who went by hours or days ago.

a-ɨjɨpʉ́ [North] v.dir. [North] To follow after. a-ɨjɨpaá Variant: a-ujipaa. v. To follow sth. that is moving, or

stationary but ahead; (eg.tracking an animal, spying out the enemy, following s.o. who is several kilometers ahead); the follower might or might not be able to see the person/animal being followed. See: a-írúkúrúkore; a-sʉ́j; a-tubaké ‘To follow’.

a-ɨjɨrrɨj ́rr v.prog. Restrict: Liquid. To fall in drops; trickle. Ɛɨjɨrr ́j ̄rrʉ̄ ɛnkárɛ tɛ ncɔ́rrɔ̂. The water trickles from the spring. See: arukó ‘To flow’.

íjīō like.

n.r. Like.

Nɛ́j ̄ŋ ɛnk ́tɨ kɛ́ɛya naíjīō emorroójī. They were

affected by a disease that looks like "rushes". See: íjō ‘Like’.

a-ɨjɔlɔjɔ́l

v. 1 • To

overturn, turn upside down. 2 • To pour out slowly, decant. See: a-ijulujúl ‘To overturn’.

a-ijoó

swallow, consume. Etiíjóyie nkiriŋó. He swallowed the meat. (S). Tíijóí! Swallow it! (S). v.dir. To

a-ijórr v.prog. To jump; hop. Éíjórró ɔltʉ́ŋání aiŋataá ɔlásʉ́ráí. The person has jumped away from the snake. a-ijorrokí Syn: a-itíám ‘To jump; hop’. To jump to. a-ijorrjórr [North] v. [North] To walk briskly and in a carefree style; canter.

a-ijorríé [North] [North] To lead in a carefree style. íjō Variant: íjīō. Similar, like (lit: you will say). A: Kóreê Leríóŋka? B: Áíjó kéwuo Lérioŋka ɛnkají inó. A:

Where is Lerioŋka? B: It's like Lerioŋka has come to your house! [polite] (W). Context: Speaker B is somewhat surprised that speaker A has asked where Lerioŋka is, because B thought Lerioŋka was with A. Átódúaa eŋúes naáíjīō ɔlŋátúny. I saw an animal like a lion. Átóníŋo oltóíló laíjō ɛs ́ŋátá tiaúluo. I have heard a sound like a sneeze outside. Ɔlcʉ́ma taá ɛnyaálɨ mɛtáa íjīō ɛnkɨkɛ́. It is the iron bar to be chewed to make like a brush.

ne-íjō na-íjō [South] n-íjō [North] Like (feminine). a-ɨjʉjʉmá Variant: a-ɨjʉjʉmwá. v. 1 • To sit hunched up. 2 • [North]

To pretend to be able to do a lot, but not be able to.

a-ɨjʉ́k v. To pretend. a-ɨjʉkʉjʉ́k v. 1 • To release smoke. Ɛɨjʉkʉ́jʉk ɛnk ́ma. The fire releases smoke. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkáji aɨjʉkʉjʉ́k olêŋ. The house is releasing smoke. 2 • To bluff; frighten s.o. by pretending to be stronger than one really is. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aɨjʉkʉjʉ́k arɛ́p kɛwán. The man is bluffing praising himself. See: a-wuasá ‘To bluff’.

a-ɨjʉkʉmá [North]

v. [North]

ɨjʉjʉmá ‘To sit hunched up’.

To sit hunched up.

See: a-

a-ijúl v. 1 • To pour a liquid back and forth (eg. to cool it). Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí aijúl oloshoró. The child is pouring the porridge back and forth. (Pk).

rotate sth. Loípī ɔíjulo lénkishon. Shadows of life rotate. (S). 3 • To

a-ijulujúl To decant. a-ijuló [North] To move back and forth. a-ijuló v.mid. 1 • To move back and forth; oscillate. 2 • [North]

To be dizzy.

a-ijulujúl v. 1 • To pour back and forth. Ínjulujuló shái mɛ́ ́rɔpɨjá. Pour tea back and forth so that it becomes cold. 2 • [North]

To overturn, turn upside down. See: a-ɨjɨlɨl ́ ‘To drain to the last drop’.

a-ɨjʉlʉjʉ́l

v. To

turn sth. upside down from its normal position, either vertically or sloping.

a-ɨjʉlʉjʉlá v.mid. 1 • To be overturned. Óre adé peê ɛɨjʉlʉ́jʉ̄lā ɛnkɔ́lɔŋ náālōtū adɔ́l. When the sun goes to the west, I

will come to see you (ie. in the evening). (lit: When the sun is upside-down, I will come to see you.). Ɛɨjʉlʉjʉ́lɛ emóti néíbukóri ɛndáâ nátií. The pot turned upside down and the food in it poured out. change from previous situation. Ɛɨjʉlʉjʉ́latɛ ɨlɔmɔ́n moókīrē áâ ɨlaŋolé The news have changed they are no longer the ones of yesterday. 2 • To

a-ijulúl

hold upside down. Néíbuŋi áaijulul They hold it (the child) upside down. 2 • To carry the spear such that its blade is downwards and the shaft is upward. (Normally the spear is carried with the blade v. 1 • To

upward, and the shaft downward.). In S, this indicates walking with spear pointing back so that it is ready to face the enemy when it is raised over the head.

a-ijululó

bend one's back forward from the waist on down so that the buttocks are sticking out or upward. aijululó aokú ɛnkárɛ́ To bend to fetch water. See: airrúg ‘To bend forward’.

a-ijuluús

v.mid. To

be in sad moods; not happy. ɔltʉŋáni oijulúus person who is in sad moods. See: a-nʉkʉ́ ‘To be foggy; be in sad moods’.

a-ɨjʉtʉtarí a- ́k1

v. To

clear away. Ɛɨjʉ́tʉ́tárí ɨnkátampo. The clouds have cleared off. (W). See: a-jút ‘To erase, rub (off)’. v.dir v.mid. To

v itr. Restrict: food. To

become overcooked, scorched, or burned due to excessive heat so as to affect color or taste. Kɛ́ɨk amʉ̂ metíī ɛnkárɛ ná ́dɨp. It will become burned because there ́ is not enough water. Ɨŋʉrá peê mɛ́ɨk ɛndáâ. Watch so that food will not burn. Ɛ́ ́ká ɛndáâ náyīārā. The food that is cooking is burned.

a-ikíé To make food burn. See: a-ishurá ‘To get burned (of food)’. ́ a- ́k2 v.prog. Restrict: Teeth. To brush teeth. Ɨɨká ɨlálá. Brush your teeth. Kɛ́ ́ka ɨlalá. The teeth have been brushed. a-ikíé To use to brush teeth with. a- ́k3 v.prog. To put on top of; hang, suspend, esp. for safekeeping or preservation. Ɛ́ ́k olówuaru kéri inkírí tɔ lcáni. A leopard hangs meat on top of a tree. Kɛ́ ́ka. It is put away. (S). T ́ɨka tɛ m ́sâ. Put it on top of the table! (S). See: a-ililí ‘To suspend’; a-rríny ‘To put away’.

a-ikíé To use to hang sth. a-ɨká v.mid. 1 • To be suspended, hanging. Ɛɨk ́ inkikompení tɔ lk ́tara. Cups are shelved on the shelf. (lit: Cups are suspended on the shelf.). See: a- ́k ‘To suspend, hang’.

2 • To

be aloof; haughty, arrogantly superior, puffed up, proud; disdainful; flirtatious. Kɛ́ ́ka ɔlmʉrraní tɛnɛ́ ́shɔrɨ ɛndáa tenétií inkítuaak. A warrior will appear flirtatious when he is given food in the presence of women. (lit: A warrior is suspended when he is given food in the presence of women.). ɔltʉŋáni ɔ ́ka person who is aloof, haughty. See: a-dɛɛnyá ‘To be proud’; a-ɨtɔkɔɔ́s ‘To show off; flirt’; a-ŋɨdá ‘To be proud’; aɨpɛɛjá ‘To be suspended; puffed up’; a-ɨtaakunó ‘To pretend’.

a-ɨkaabak ́ v. To temporarily and loosely put a cover on top of sth. aɨkaabak ́ esíoote oltúpa To close the bottle loosely. Ɛg ́ra aɨkaabak ́ ɛnkɨlâ osésen. He is loosely covering himself with a cloth.

a-ikaakinó

v.mid. To

See: a-iteleikí ‘To

put on top of’.

fail to take care of a responsibility out of mutual belief that another member of the group would take care of it. Néíkaakínō ɨnkɛ́ra. The children each expected the other to do the job and so altogether the job was not done. (W). Even if a sentence with this verb has a singular subject, it is still understood that there was another party who likewise expected the singular referent to do the job and so that party did not carry it out either. Note: kk (W) does not recognize any other possible root inside the word.

a-ɨkabak ́ v. To go up to a slightly raised surface. Káyieu ná ́kábāk ̄ ɛncʉ́mátá ɛ́ m ́sa peê márɔ́rɔ oltírén. I

want to go up to the top of the table so that I will not step on the floor. See: a-kéd ‘To climb’.

a-ɨkác [North]

v. 1 • [North]

To feel better. 2 • [North] To be an improvement on sth. else. See: a-ɨkásh ‘To be better’.

a-ɨkacú [North] a-ɨkadɛdɛ́ [North]

v.incep. [North] v. 1 • [North]

To improve, fel better.

To sit or stand on a prominent raised place (esp. to show off). 2 • [North] To be precarious, tippy, blanaced on the edge.

a-ɨkadɨkád

v. To

walk slowly and carefully; walk ostentatiously. This is done by raising up one leg at a time and waiting for a few seconds before steping on the ground. This manner of walking is done by a bride, a boastful person, or a person walking in water. See: a-ɨpɛɛjarí ‘To walk ostentatiously’; a-ló ‘To go’.

a-ɨkanyɨkány v. To break into pieces; smash. Ɛɨkany ́kānyā ɛnkáyíóní oltupá té síarɛ̂. The boy has smashed the bottle with a club.

a-ɨkaŋá

v.mid. 1 • To

have a nap, sleep for a short period; take a siesta, doze. Ɛɨkáŋɛ Tom dáma. Tom took a nap during the day. be stiff, not moving or operating freely. Ɛɨkáŋɛ ɛnkaɨná ɔ́ ltásat The hand of the old man has become stiff (not moving freely). 2 • To

a-ɨkaól

v. To

make stiff, resistant to bending or moving. This could be done in multiple ways - whithering, drying, freezing, etc. Parts of the body can become stiff because of cold or blood restriction. Ág ́ra aɨkaól ɔlcɔní aitoósh ɛnkɔlɔ́ŋ. I am making the hide stiff by exposing it to the sun.

a-ɨkaoló v.mid. To become stiff, rigid. Áaɨkaolóte ilkímojik tɛ nkárak ́ enkijápɛ. My fingers became stiff because of cold.

a-ɨkár1 Variant: a-ɨkárr. v. 1 • To fence in. ́yaʉ́ ɨnk ́kárrɛta má ́kará ɔlpááshíé. Bring the fencing branches so that we can fence (the kraal). (Pk). Kɛ́ ́kára wuatá. The fences are strong. (S). 2 • [North] To uproot. See: ɛn-k ́kárrɛ́t ‘Fence’.

a-ɨkár [North]2 2 • [North]

v. 1 • To

pretend. Kéíkar. He is pretending. (S).

To boast or belittle verbally.

a-ɨkaráŋ [North] v. [North] To fry. Borrowed word: Swahili. a-ɨkarɛrɛ́ v. To be on an edge (eg. of a cliff).

a-ɨkarniasarɛ́ [North] v. [North] To criticize s.o. a-ɨkarurúm v. To reduce into small pieces in the mouth with a crunching noise; crunch. Ɛɨkarúrumo oldîâ ilóik The dog has crunched the bones inside the mouth. crunch’; a-kakány ‘To grind’.

See: a-ikururúm ‘To

a-ɨkarrárr v. To fence well. See: a-ɨkár ‘To fence’. a-ikasíé v. To be proud of. Káíkásie ilmóŋí láainéí. I am proud of my oxen.

Syn: a-ŋɨdarɛ́

‘To be proud of’.

a-ɨkásh v.s. To be comparable but better. náa kɛ́ ́kash apá n ́ncɛ, ɛɨtʉ́ ɛyɛ́ lɛlɔ̂ ...were better themselves, those ones did not die... Áaɨkásh engárrî. My car is better (but about the same as yours). Kɛ́ ́kash nk ́tɛ́ŋ láshê. The cow's calf is better (than sth. else). Kɛ́ ́kash nk ́tɛ́ŋ aláŋ lashê. The cow is better than the calf. (S).

́kátá [North] up.

See: a-

[North] Nom sg: ɨkatá. n.sg n.f. [North]

́k ‘To hang’.

Hanging, putting

give birth for the first time. Ɛ́ ̄kawua ɛntawúó. My heifer has calved for the first time. (Pk). Ɛɨkáwūā ŋolé esíánkiki aíú ɔlkɨkáʉ́ lɛnyɛ́. The young bride gave birth yesterday to her first born boy. (Pk). Usage: For some speakers, this verb is most appropriate for animals.. See: ɛn-kɨkáʉ́ ‘Firstborn daughter’; ɔl-kɨkáʉ́ ‘First-born son’.

a-ɨkáʉ́

v. To

a-ikedianyɛ́

be left-handed. (K)éíkēdīānyɛ̄ (n ́nyɛ). He is left-handed. See: kédíányɛ́ ‘Left-hand side’; a-mʉrtɛná ‘To be left-handed as opposed to (expected) right handed’.

a-ikén

v. 1 • To

a-ɨkɛ́n

v. 1 • To

v.s. To

close, shut, lock, turn off. a-iken is extremely general in meaning, and can be applied to closing a door, suitcase, one's mouth, eyes, a window, a book, a bottle, etc. However, it is not used for closing a gourd with a lid or cap. 2 • To bring to a conclusion.

enumerate; count. Ɛɨkɛnákɨ apá ɨltʉ́ŋánákárêî

tɛldɛ́ árî. The populace was counted (ie. a census was taken) ́ last year. Ɨnkɛnɨshɔ siî íyīē téjo "nabô, aré, uní" ɔɔ́ntabáí îp. Do the counting saying "one, two, three" up to one hundred. aɨkɛ́n ɨntarɛ́ tɛnáa kɛ́lʉlʉ́ŋa to count the

sheep (to determine) if they are all there. Sheep and cows are not counted as 1, 2, 3 and so on within Maasai culture. It is considered to bring bad fortune. A person will just look at them and approximate their numbers or know the ones that are missing. 2 • To consider or assume sth. (eg. that a cow will be given, to count it as one's own, though it has only been promised). 3 • To calculate. See: ɛn-k ́kɛ́narɛ ‘Counting, accounting’.

ɛnk-ɨkɛná n. Counting, mathematics. Ɛg ́ra ɔlaɨtɛŋɛ́nani aɨtɛŋɛ́n ɨnkɛ́ra ɛnkɨkɛná. The teacher is teaching children mathematics. (Pk). See: ɛn-k ́kɛ́nátá ‘Counting’.

ɛnk- ́kɛ́nátá n. Counting. See: a-ɨkɛ́n ‘To count’. a-ɨkɛnʉ́ v. 1 • To multiply. 2 • To

take account of, consider to be of important to oneself, care about. See: a-ɨkɛ́n ‘To count’.

a-ikenyú [North]

To dawn. 2 • [North] To be the next day.

a-ɨkɛrɛɛ́k

v. 1 • [North]

See: a-kɛnyʉ́ ‘To

dawn’.

be dirty. 2 • To do what is considered socially unacceptable. See: kɛ́rɛ́rɛ̂ ‘Dirty, unclean’.

a-ɨkɛ́s a-ikí

v. 1 • To

harvest. Á ́kɛ́s ́ta ɛ́mʉ́kʉ́ntâ. I am harvesting the garden. (Pk). Á ́kɛ́s ́ta ɨlpáɛ̂k. I am harvesting the corn. (Pk). v.prog. To

In some suffixed forms: -ikin. v. 1 • To

copulate, mate, perform the act of sexual procreation between a male and a female, whether human or non-human. In this sense, the receipient is the female so the male is doing for/to. peê iló ayiolóú ɔlmʉ́rráni eneikínye enkitók ɛnyɛ́ so that you may understand, where the warrior mates with his wife.

produce offspring for/ unto. Áatoikitîô inkíshu áainéí ɨlashɔ́ kúmok. My cows produced many calves for me. 2 • To

3 • To

give birth at. aikí sipitáli To give birth at hospital.

a-ikinó v.mid. To be born in (a place). Káíkínō Kenya, káke mára ɛ́nɛ̂ Kenya. I was born in Kenya, but I am not

ɨkɨ-

Kenyan. 2 • To have the identity associated with (a place); "come from". Káíkínō ɛná kɔ̂p. I am a son/daughter of this land; I have the identity and rights associated with this land. (lit: I am born unto this land.). See: a-íú ‘To give birth’; a-ishó ‘To bear’; a-iní ‘To be born’.

pn.b. 1 • Bound

pronominal prefix on verb: first person plural ́ ́ndipâ áataramat sîôm. subject and third person object. Ɨk We have finished taking care of the animals. (SN). 2 • Bound proniminal prefix on relative clause: first person plural subject and third person object. Éítuani taá dúóó táatá imbáâ ámaâ kinotô pɔɔk ́ tóki nikíyíéú. Things are beautiful today since we have gotten all that we wanted. (Pk). Néjo: "óre taá enikinkô..." They said: "What we are going to do...".

-ɨkɨ(n)

appl. Dative

applicative form, lexically restricted to certain roots. Nɛ́yɛnɨk ́ ɔlcaní. He tied it to the tree. See: akɨ(n) ‘Dative applicative’.

a-ɨk ́j [Chamus]

v. [Chamus]

To shake. See: a-ipirripír; aɨŋʉnʉŋʉ́n; a-igusugusíé; a-iseyiseyíé; a-inyenyíé; a-ɨpɔ́sh ‘To shake’.

a-ikilésh v. To pray. See: a-omón ‘To pray’. a-ikilikúán [Chamus]: a-ikilikwán. v. To ask. Ɔltáʉ́ láí doí oshî ɨlɔ̂ tʉ́ŋání; maáta entóki náás ɛ́ ́tʉ̂ aikilíkuan anáa al ́kɨ. That person is very important to me; I don't do anything

without consulting or informing him. Eikilikúánūā náají ɔlpáyian lɛ́nda ají ɛntɔ́mɔ́nɔ́nɨ ɛ́ ínâ ají. [éína] The man of that house has asked for the woman of that house.

a-ikilikuanishó To make inquiries. See: a-ɨpárr ‘To ask’. a-ikinyé [South] v. [South] To have sex ? peê iló ayiolóú ɔlmʉ́rráni eneikínye enkitók ɛnyɛ́ so that you may understand, where the warrior mates with his wife.

ɛ- ́kɨŋa

s.o. else; foreignness, strangeness, alienness; other. Tórrinyo ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ ɛ ́kɨŋa. Take back the cow that belongs to s.o. else. (W). Tórrinyo oloiŋóni lɛ ́kɨŋa. Take back the bull that belongs to s.o. else. (W). Ɛt́ ʉ́sʉ́lákíne enkíne ɛ́ɨk ́ŋá oreyíét. S.o.' else's goat has fallen into the river. (W). Mol (1996:70) notes that this is not as strongly pejorative as ol-méékí. See: a-ɨkɨŋaá ‘To scorn’; olméékí ‘Foreigner’.

a-ɨkɨŋaá

n. Usage: pejorative. Of

v. To

scorn, frown upon, have contempt for. ́kɨŋa ‘Foreignness’.

See: ɛ-

a-ɨkɨrɨkɨrá v.mid. 1 • To shake, shiver; tremble. Nɛ́ ́kɨr ́k ́rá ɛnkɔ̂p olêŋ o mɛtáa kéjó enkáji áúróri. The earth shook very

much until the house is about to fall. A human can do this either from sickness or by a warrior to look impressive before women or enemies. 2 • [North] To quake (earthquake).

a-ikirnyanyá v. To pull against an opposing force; resist; struggle. aikirnyanyá aány entorróni to struggle to refuse evil. Ɛg ́ra ɔltásât aikirnyanyá akéd oldóínyó. The old man is struggling to climb up the hill/mountain. kírnyanyî ‘Tendon’.

See: ɛn-

a-ɨkɨrɔtɛ́t v. To favour; bestow a privilege upon. Á ́k ́rɔ́tɛ̄tā aɨshɔ́ pɔɔk ́ tókî nayíéú. I favoured him by giving him whatever he needs.

See: kɨrɔtɛ́t ‘Favourite’.

a-ikishiaán v. To be in proper physical condition; beautiful; pretty. Kéíkishíaan ɛná gárrî. This car is good (i.e in good condition). Kéíkishíaan ɛlɛ́ tʉ́ŋání. This person is pretty. Syn: a-rá

sídáí ‘To be good; pretty’.

See: ɛn-k

́tágata ‘Shelter’.

a-ɨkɨtagát v. To be a sheltered place protected from the rain, wind, sun. Kɛ́ ́kɨtágat ené. This place is a good sheltered place. a-ɨkɨtalán

secretly survey, observe keenly, inquire. á ́k ́tálani ‘Surveyor; spy’; a-leén ‘To survey’.

a-ikitikít a-ikó

v.prog. To

tickle. 2 • To shiver. See: a-kít ‘To scrape’; en-kítíkití ‘Armpit’.

See: ɔl-

v. 1 • To

In some suffixed forms: a-ɨkʉ́n,

a-ikón. [North]: a-ɨkɔ́. v.prog. 1 • To do sth. or behave towards sth. in a certain way. Eikó néíjia ɛrányátá. She will do the singing like that. Kɛ́rāny eikó néíjia. She will sing like that. Káaikó olŋatúny néíjia. The lion will do that to me (eg. attack me). Néíjia áaikó olŋatúny ɛárátá. That is how the lion will kill me. Eikoní injí. This is how it is (usually) done. Míkīnkō (néíjia)! Don't do it (that) to me! Káji áíkó ɛnâ alámu. What am I going to do with this pen? Maitóki á ́kátá aikó injí mɛtáā tɔ́nyɔ̄rrā kʉná kíshú ánāā ɛnáányɔ́r. I will never do that to you again, so love these cows like how I love you. Néjo, óre taá enikinkô amʉ̂ kɛ́ār doí iyíóók ɛlɛ́ tʉ́ŋání, má ́sɨká. They said, "What we are going to do, because this man is going to kill us, let's run away. Káíkó injí atɔ́n enkiní peyíê alotú. I am going to sit down/stay for a little bit, and then I'll come. Ɛ́ ́kʉ́ná néjia. He did like that. Kárá oláasani linó káke k ́nkʉn ́ta ánaa ɔrr ́ndɨk. I am your worker, but you treat me like a slave. aɨkʉnaá néíjia (i) to do (give, spread, etc.) away like that (ii) to keep on doing like that (to s.o.). aɨkʉnak ́ néíjia to give to

him/her like that; do for, do to like that. áaɨkʉnakino néíjia to give it to each other like that; do to each other. aɨkʉnʉ́ʉ́ néíjia to do like that (while) moving towards the point of reference; come like that. aɨkʉnarí néíjia to do like that while moving away from the point of reference; go like that. Ínkunie néíjia! Use it to do like that! Ínkunuunyíé! Do like that with it while moving this way! Káji eikó ɔltʉ́ŋání peê ɛaparɛ́ ɛnkáí? How can a man wrestle with God? (W). Ɔláŋéní aké óyíóló ɛnaikoní tɛnɛ́ ́tɔbɨr ́ ɛnkáŋ natasakutóki. It is only the wiseman who knows how to undo a curse lodged at a certain home. (Pk). Á ́bʉ́ŋa eneikoní tɛ néréwí ɛngárrɨ tɛ siadí. I have discovered ́ kʉna néíjia. Do it like how to drive a car in reverse. (W). Ɛn that! (to multiple addressees) (Pk). cause; make s.o. do sth. Ká ́kʉ́n ́ta mɛtɔ́lɔpɨshɔ táatá. I am causing him to vomit (directly or indirectly). 2 • To

a-ikó ajá To do what. a-ikununó v.mid. To be like. Óre ɛlɛ̂ kérr ojî olkípókét náa injí eikunúnō eyiaŋatá. And this is what the slaughter

íkó

of this castrated ram called the cleanser will be like. See: ́nkʉna; ɛ́nkunā ‘Do like!’; inkó! ‘Take it! (Imperative)’; a-ás; a-ɨtɔb ́r ‘To do’.

greeting. Greeting

response from a woman. See: takúɛ́nya ‘Greeting to a woman’; ɛ́pa ‘Greeting response from a man’; sʉ́pa ‘Hello’.

a-ikób [North]: a-ikúb. v.prog. 1 • To block, bar from proceeding. Áaikobó ɛsʉ́ntai amitikí aló. The wall blocked me from proceeding.

hit lightly. Áaikobó osoít ɛnkɛjʉ́ alóíto The stone has hit my foot while I was walking. 2 • To

a-ikobikób To walk fast and sometimes run slowly; jog. a-ikobíé To hit with.

a-ikobishó To hurt. a-ikobukób [North]

v. [North]

He trotted along. (S).

a-ikód1

To trot along. Kéíkobúkobo.

adorn, decorate, embellish. Éíkod. She will adorn (sth.). Keikódo nkéra. The children are being decorated. (S). 2 • [North] To compliment. 3 • [North] To praise s.o. based on false information. v. 1 • To

a-ikodó [North] v.mid. [North] To be decorated. a-ikód [North] v. [North] To smack s.o. a little bit, tap lightly. a-ikodukód [North] [North] To tap a few times. a-ikodóny v. To hit by head. See: a-ikól ‘To hit slightly’. a-ikók v. 1 • To advise or counsel about how to live the right way or do things in a wise way, by s.o. who has more knowledge or experience, with the intention that the addressee will act or change behavior; exhort. Éíkok. He will advise. Syn: a-igúɛ́n ‘To advise, counsel’. See: a-ɨtɛŋɛ́n ‘To instruct, educate’; aɨtaarriyíán ‘To instruct’. 2 • [North] To bump a wound, thereby causing more pain. Ikinkóko. You have disturbed the place I am injured. (S).

a-ikól v. To hit slightly with no intention of injuring. aikól ɛnkɛ́ráí naitarrúóyie To hit slightly a child that has erred. See: a-ikób ‘To

hit, tap’; a-ósh ‘To hit (with an intention to cause pain or injury)’; a-ilúg ‘To hit with force to injure’.

a-ikolikól To hit repeatedly. a-ikolikolorí To roll over and over away, tumble away. a-ɨkɔ́ny v. 1 • To seize without permission; take by force; rob. See: aúáp; a-ɨbʉ́ŋ; a-simaá ‘To seize’. 2 • To rape. Usage: vulgar. See: a-rɛ́k; a-batát ‘To rape’.

a-ɨkɔnyaá v.dir. To seize, take by use of strength. a-ɨkɔnyaá v. To seize, take by use of strength.

a-ɨkɔ́p

v. 1 • To

2 • To

touch.

hit. 3 • To hurt. See: ɔl-ɔ́ ́kɔ́paní ‘Murderer’.

a-ikordód v. To mock, make fun of, jeer at. a-ɨkɔrmɔ́j v. To gather together in large numbers; crowd; congest. M ́nkɔ́rmɔj ilkuóó te wúéjî nébo amʉ̂ kégóro. Don't gather lambs together in one place in large numbers because they will strangle each other.

a-ɨkɔrmɔjá

‘To crowd; gather together in large numbers’. To squeeze oneself into an already crowded place.

a-ɨkɔrɔ́j

Syn: a-idiŋíé

v. To

harass s.o. playfully or maliciously (especially by pretending not to know what you already know); tease. Ág ́ra aɨkɔrɔ́j ɨnkayîôk. I am teasing boys by asking them what I already know. See: a-ɨtamaá ́ ‘To ask what you already know’.

a-ikorríé v. To touch slightly. Mínkórrie embúku amʉ̂ kɛ́sʉlári. Don't touch the book [even] slightly because it will fall down.

Syn: a-iseyíé

‘To touch slightly’.

a-ikorrikorroó v.away. To roll away. Ág ́ra aikorrikorroó osóít amʉ̂ má ́dɨm atanápa. I am rolling away the stone because I cannot carry it.

a-ikorrikorrú a-ɨkʉ́

Syn: a-ibeleleŋoó

the point of reference.

‘To roll away’. To roll towards

In some suffixed forms: ɨkʉn. v. Allomorph

of a-iko(n) 'to do' which occurs with -ATR suffixes. When not suffixed or when with a +ATR suffix, a-ikó(n) or a-ikú(n) occur. Nɛ́ākʉ̄ néíjia ɛɨkʉnár ̄ siî ɔltʉ́ŋání ... So that is what is done to a person ... Pápâ ɔɨkʉná injí iyíóók. It is our father who has done this to us. Injí taá ɛ́nkunari amʉ̂ ́náŋárɛ́rɛ. Go this way because you will meet them coming. (lit: Do this/do like this.) (Pk). See: a-ikó ‘To do’; ɛ-nɛɨkʉnári ‘Instructions’.

a-ikúb [North] v. [North] To hit or bump. See: a-ikób ‘To hit, tap’. a-ikububó v. 1 • [North] To sleep for a short time; nap. 2 • To

crouch down, squat, kneel. See: a-ikurrurró ‘To be halfasleep ??’.

a-ikuldú

question thoroughly with the intention of learning what is hidden; probe; inquire more. In most cases the probing person has prior knowledge or a clue of what is hidden from him/her and will try to ask more. Ínkuldú míkítólíkīnī ɛnɛɨkʉnári empurrórre Probe further to be told how the theft was conducted.

a-ɨkʉlʉjá

v. To

v.mid. To

sit with the limbs close to the body. This happens when it's cold to keep the body warm. Kág ́ra aɨkʉlʉjá amʉ̂ áaɨnɔsá enkíjapɛ. I am sitting with the limbs close to the body because I am cold.

a-ikúm v. 1 • To ram into sth. Tápaashare ́nâ k ́tɛ́ŋ oó leleoní míkinkum. Avoid that circularly-spotted cow so it doesn't ram you. See: a-ósh ‘To hit’; a-náŋ ‘To hit’; a-ɨpɔ́ny ‘To hit’; ailúg ‘To hit’. 2 • [North] To incite, goad, provoke s.o. to do sth. together. 3 • [North] To judge, decide between people.

a-ikumokí [North] v.dat. [North] To stamp on sth. a-ikumoó v.dir. To incite s.o. to do sth. (on their own). a-ikumú v. To judge. See: a-igúén; a-r ́sh ‘To judge’; ɔláíkúmúnoni ‘Judge’.

a-ɨkʉnaá

v.dir. To

do sth. or behave towards sth. in a certain way going away from the point of reference. See: a-ɨkʉ́; a-ikó ‘To do’.

a-ɨkʉnarí To go in a certain way. Káji k ́nkʉnári? How do we go?

a-ikununó v.dir v.mid. To resemble, be like; be in the form of. Káji eikunúno? How is it like? Eríkúnotó ɔ́ lpayíán é

nkitók, káji eikunúnō? The marriage of a man to a woman, what is it like?

See: a-ikó ‘To

do like’.

a-ɨkʉrj ́j [North]

v. [North]

[North] ‘To tear’.

To shred, tear up.

See: a-k

́j

a-ɨkʉrjʉkʉ́rj v.prog. 1 • To try to do sth. but lack the skills to do so. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí aɨkʉrjʉkʉ́rj oróréí. The child is trying to

talk but cannot communicate. 2 • To destroy while trying to build. See: a-dɛdɛ́ ‘To disassemble’.

a-ikurtumorí

v.dir v.mid. To

limp; walk impeded by some physical

injury or limitation. Káíkúrtúmóri aló áŋ hóō dúóó nɛ́má ́d ́mārī olêŋ. I will limp to home although I am not able to walk properly.

a-ikurtút

v. 1 • To

make s.o. live with difficulty for a long time. This is mostly done by sickness or any kind of disability. 2 • To drag. 3 • [North] To rub.

a-ikurtutó This could last for years, and the person will probably remain this way until death.To be sick for a long period without healing; manage to live with difficulty.

a-ikurtutarí [North] To crawl. a-ɨkʉrtʉ́t v. 1 • To scrape; cut the surface of; wear away the surface of. Átábátátɛ náɨkʉrtʉ́t ɛnkɔ̂p ɛnká ́ná. I fell down and the earth scraped my hand.

drag. Ɛg ́ra osíkíria aɨkʉrtʉtaá inkɨkʉ́. The donkey is dragging tree branches for fencing. (Pk). See: a-kúrt ‘To stir, scoop’. 2 • To

a-ɨkʉrtʉtaá To drag or pull sth. hard across a surface. a-ɨkʉrtʉtá v.mid. To be scraped. a-ɨkʉrtʉtarí To creep, crawl. a-ikurtutíé To drag with. See: a-yíét ‘To pull’. a-ɨkʉrtʉtarí v.dir v.mid. To crawl, creep. a-ikururúm Variant: a-ikarurúm. v.prog. To crunch with mouth.

a-ikururumoó v.away. To roll away. Ɛg ́ra ɔltɔmɛ́ aikururumoó osóít. The elephant is rolling the stone away. Syn: a-ikorrikorroó

direction’.

‘To roll away’. See: a-ikururumú ‘To roll this

a-ikururumorí v.dir v.mid. To roll down. Eikururumóri ɛnk ́tɛŋ tɔ ldoinyó The cow has rolled away from the hill (i.e the cow fell down and then rolled down the hill). See: a-ikururumoó ‘To roll away’.

a-ikururumú

roll this direction. Ínkururumú osóít. Roll the stone this direction. Syn: a-ɨpɛrɨpɛrʉ́ ‘To roll this direction’. See: a-ikururumoó ‘To roll away’. v. To

a-ikurrukúrr v. 1 • To growl, rumble, roar. Ɛg ́ra olówuaru aikurrukúrr. The lion is roaring. 2 • To thunder roll. Kéíkurrukurrúto. It is thundering. (S). This can be done by a storm, a lion, or a machine (like one that grinds maize), but not by a person. See: a-dár ‘To thunderclap’.

enk-íkúrrúkurr n. Thunder. Óre peê énîŋ enkíkúrrúkurr, néjo, "Eikurrúkūrrō ɛnkaí." So when they hear thunder, they say, "God has thundered.".

a-ikurrurró

be half-asleep. ɔltʉŋáni oikurrúrro person who is half-asleep. 2 • To be still, without change or interruption. 3 • To bend with legs and hands folded. See: a-ikububó ‘To sleep for a short time; nap’.

a-ikuuishó

v. 1 • To

v. To

blow a horn alerting people of danger or calling other men to help in time of danger. See: a-ipotishó ‘To call people’.

a-ɨkʉyʉ́k v. To drag sth. a-ɨkʉyʉkʉyaá [North]: a-ɨgʉyʉgʉyaá. v.dir. To take sth. away slowly. Ɛɨkʉyʉkʉyáyie ɛnkɛráí emotí ayá atúa ají. The child has taken the pot away slowly into the house.

See: a-

ɨgʉyʉgʉyaá [North] ‘To take sth. slowly’.

a-ɨkʉyʉkʉyʉ́ To bring slowly. a-ɨkʉyʉkʉyarí v.dir v.mid. Syn: a-looló ‘To go slowly’. To go slowly because of a weakness of some kind. ɔɨgʉyʉgʉyári ‘Tortoise’.

a-ikuyishó [North] ɨl-

See: l-

v. [North]

To call for help; call people who have gone looking for lost cows after the cows are found. See: aipót ‘To call’.

Variant: ɨr-. gen. Masculine

plural gender prefix occurring on nouns. ɨlkɨdɔŋɔ́ lɔɔ́ isirkôn donkies' tails. Tɔrrɔ́k ɨlmáárenke. Lies are bad. (W). irpaáshen fences (Pk).

ɨláal [North] pl:

́laal. [North] Acc pl: ɨlaalí. [North] Nom ́laalí. n.f. [North] Mat about 2 metres long made of sticks. [North] Nom sg:

a-ɨláb v.prog. 1 • To take up food with the tongue; lap. Éílab empúūs ɛnkárɛ́. A cat drinks water (by taking it with the

tongue). 2 • To eat with the tongue which is considered indecent. Restrict: human. aɨláb ɛndââ To eat food indecently.

a-ɨlabɨláb To eat or drink with the tongue repeatedly. a-ɨlác [North] v. [North] To show off by dress or behavior; put on airs.

See: a-ɨlásh ‘To

a-ɨlág [North] a-ɨlál

be arrogant’.

v. [North]

To retch. See: a-rrʉgʉmá; a-gʉrrʉmá ‘To vomit’; a-lɔ́p ‘To induce vomiting, esp. by herbal drugs’; aɨny ́g ‘To have dry heaves’. v. 1 • To

show off. See: a-itoduayá ‘show off’. 2 • [North] To stand back from sth. out of fear or danger.

a-ɨlalaá To avenge. a-ilalankúsh [North]: a-ilankúsh. v. To bluff. Note: See synonyms at See: a-purú ‘To

a-ɨlány

v. 1 • To

bluff’.

flee; run away from, with the implication that s.o.

else is in chase; outrun. Nɛ́ŋas ɛnkáŋ aɨlanyaá. The home took off (went running away) first. Nékuɛt aké ɛnkáji, nɛ́ ́lanyáā. The house just ran and outdistanced him. Áailanyáyie ɛngárrî. The car outdistanced me. See usage note at a-kúɛ́t. See: a-kúɛ́t ‘To run’; a-ɨŋát ‘To run away from’; aɨs ́k ‘To escape from’. 2 • To win, defeat s.o., overtake.

a-ɨláŋ

v. 1 • To

scorch. 2 • To shine; flash light (of a torch, lamp, etc.).

a-ɨlaŋɨláŋ

1 • To

flash light to sth., light up, illuminate. 2 • To warm or heat sth.

a-ɨláp v. To bear a grudge against. See: a-ɨbá ‘To hate’. a-ɨlasɨlás v.prog. 1 • To talk a lot. 2 • To

flow freely, in a stream or river bed. Restrict: water. See: arukó ‘To flow’.

a-ɨlasɨlasíé To drink water hurriedly. a-ɨlásh v. To show pride, be arrogant. Ítópóŋóri olêŋ ayám nkitók na ́lash. You have gone wrong by marrying a proud wife. (SN). See: ɛn-kɨlashá ‘Pride’; a-r ́ny ‘To talk proudly’; aŋɨdá ‘To be proud’.

a-ɨlashɨlásh To speak harshly and cruelly. ɛ- ́látá Nom sg: ɛ-ɨlatá. Acc pl: ɨ-ɨlá. Nom pl: ɨ-ɨlá. [North] Acc sg: látá. [South] Acc sg: ɨlátá. n. 1 • Fat, drippings, oil. Kɛ́áta inkirí náapir ɛ ́látá. Fat-meat has got fat in it. Ɛg ́rá ́ áayieru ɛ ́látá. Fat is being made from meat (by cooking the meat). ɛ ́látá ɔ́ ltáa ɨlɛ́

paraffin. See: a-ɛ́l ‘To annoint, smearl with fat’. 2 • Vehicle fuel, petrol.

pn.psr. Masculine

plural gender prefix plus feminine singular possessor particle: those of (a feminine singular entity). Kɛ́ ́tɛ́rʉ apá áakʉ ɨlɛ̂ kampuaní ɔ ɔ́lmoruak. They

begin to become those of the company of the elders. See: ɨl- ‘Masculine plural gender prefix’; ɛ́ ‘Feminine singular possessor particle’.

́lɛ̂ [North] Acc sg: ílê. num. Six. a-ɨlɛjɨlɛ́j v. 1 • To comfort, console (by words or touch); soothe. One would do this to s.o. who is bereaved and mourning; a mother would do this to a crying child. aɨlɛjɨlɛ́j ɛnkɛ́ráí mɛt ́gɨrayú To comfort a child so that she stops crying.

appease. aɨlɛjɨlɛ́j ɔlpayíán m ́k ́tápál ̄k ̄ To appease the man to forgive you. 2 • To

a-ɨlɛlɛ́m

v.prog. To

talk insincerely with a lot of good words, but with hidden motives. Á ́lɛ́lɛ́m ́ta. I'm talking good to this person, but inside I'm insincere.

a-ɨlɛ́m v. To demand. a-ɨlɛmɨlɛ́m [North]

To talk a lot, talk loudly, shout a lot, make noise. Ká ́lɛ́m ́lɛ́m ́ta. I'm making noise. (S). See: a-ɨlɛmlɛ́m ‘To make noise by talking’; a-ɨlɛpɨlɛ́p ‘To talk a lot’; a-búák ‘To shout’. 2 • To complain. 3 • To whisper.

a-ɨlɛmlɛ́m

v.prog. 1 • [North]

v. To

make noise by talking. See: a-ɨlɛmɨlɛ́m [North] ‘To make noise by talking’; a-búák ‘To shout, bark’.

a-ɨlɛ́ny v. To bend, crush, bruise, break. a-ɨlɛnyá To be bent. a-ɨlɛ́p [North]: a-ɨl ́ɛ́p. v.prog. 1 • To climb, ascend, rise. Ɛ́ ́lɛp. He will ascend. Ɛɨlɛp ́ta. He is going up. Ɛɨlɛ́p ́ta. He is going up. 2 • To

advance, move to a level of higher rank within a system. Éírúkó ɔlá ́tɛ́ŋɛ́nání peê ɛɨlɛ́p ɛnkɛráí. The teacher has permitted the child to go to the next class. (Pk). 3 • To turn in a horizontal direction which is metaphorically conceptualized as "up". Óre aké peê ɨbá ́kɨ ɛndâ jɔ́ɔĺ ata

n ́lɛp. When you reach that turning point, go up. (Pk). In K this could be used for going to Ethiopia from Kenya. 4 • To become more popular, influential (eg. become an influential eloquent orator). Ɛɨlɛp ́ta ɔlpáyian. The man is becoming a big man. (ie. becoming more important, not necessarily more wealthy).

a-ɨlɛpʉ́

move up, rise. Eilépūā ewúásô. The river has risen. Eilépūā ɛnkɔ́lɔŋ. The sun has come up. Eitérūā awaŋú amʉ̂ eilépūā ɛnkɔ́lɔŋ. It is getting light because the sun has risen. (Pk). Kɛ́ ́lɛpʉlɛ́pʉ. It will come up over and over. 1 • To

́ grow, get larger. Ɨntɛr taá aké adɔ́l nɛ́ ́lɛpʉ ɛndâp ɛ́ nká ́ná. You begin to see the palm of the hand (observably) increase (in size). 2 • Increase,

a-ilepíé

1 • To

hoist, lift. 2 • To exalt.

a-ilepúnye

‘To descend’. To lift. See: a-rrapʉ́; adʉmʉ́ ‘To lift’; a-doyíó ‘To go down, east’.

a-ɨlɛpɨlɛ́p

Ant: a-dóú

v.prog. 1 • To

talk a lot, make noise, shout. This need not be a long-term property. 2 • To go up little by little.

a-ɨlɛmɨlɛ́m a-ileshileshíé

a-ilét

say things that the addressee is anticipated to like, with the ulterior motive that he/she will be more favorably inclined towards you. This may include verbally "buttering him/her up", praise, flattery, jokes, expressing political opinions that the addressee agrees with, etc. Syn: a-ɨtɨsh ́p ‘To make s.o. happy’. v. 1 • To

v. To

show wonder or surprise; exclaim in praise, horror, amazement, fear. 2 • To discuss, deliberate.

a-ilíáŋ v.prog. 1 • To dangle; hang freely, loll. Kéílíáŋa inkíyiaá ánaa inóldia. The ears are dangling like those of a dog. 2 • [North]

To chop nearly off so that one part hangs loosely, by

a thread. 3 • To criss-cross; move along a trajectory or pattern of crossing lines.

a-iliaŋá v.mid. To have zigzag patterns. a-iliaŋilíáŋ 1 • To keep on dangling. 2 • To

keep on criss-crossing.

a-ilíár v. To make sth. lose freshness, vigor, or vitality. Eiliar ́ta ɛnkɔ́lɔŋ ɨntapʉ́ka. The sun is wilting flowers. a-iliará v.mid. To be wilted. a-ɨlatíán [North] v. [North] To be a neighbor to s.o. ́ a-ɨlɨbɨl ́b v.s. To be wet, saturated, drenched. Ɨncɔɔ ɛlɛ̂ tásháláí ɔtasháíkīā nɛ́ákʉ́ kɛ́ ́l ́b ́lɨb ɛnɛɛ́yɨm. Let this lazy one who was rained on and became wet pass. (litː Let this wet one who was rained on earlier and became wet pass.) (Pk). Kɛ́ ́lɨb ́lɨb nk ́lâ. [kéylɪ ̀bɪ ́lɪ ̀b] The cloth is wet. (S). See: ashál ‘To be wet’; a-irebúk ‘To be wet’.

a-ilibilibíé [North] To saturate sth. a-ilibilibú [North] To become saturated. a-ilíc [North] v. [North] To be drowsy. See: a-yiasá ‘To doze off’. a-ɨl ́ɛ́p [North] v. [North] To climb, ascend. See: a-ɨlɛ́p ‘To climb, ascend’.

a-ɨlɨ ́l v. To be bright, shine. a-ɨlɨɨlaá v.dir. 1 • To become dim or less bright. Ɛɨlɨɨláa ɛnkɔ́lɔŋ. Sunlight will diminish. (ie. The sun will set down.). Ɛg ́ra ɔltɔ́ɔŝ h aɨlɨɨlaá. The torch's light is diminishing. 2 • To

loose the ability to see clearly. Restrict: eyes. Ɛɨlɨɨláa

ɨnkɔnyɛ́k ɔ́ ltásat. The eyes of the old man will become

weak. (ie. He will not see clearly as before.). The body that contains the eyes or a person cannot be the subject. This cannot refer to a congenital inability to see clearly, but refers to the process of losing visual acuity. It does not describe all vision problems, but could, for example, describe eyes that are starting to go blind or that have developed cataracts. It is typically associated with aging.

a-ililí v. To suspend; hang; dangle, swing. aililí inkírí peê mɛ́nyá impúusîn To suspend meat so that cats will not feed on them. Káílílīō. I have hung (sth.). (SN). a-ililíó v.mid. This could, but need not, imply that anything is swinging.To be suspended in the air.

See: a-

́k ‘To raise up’.

a-ɨlɨpɨl ́p v. To flicker, burn. a-ilísh v. 1 • To clean a gourd by taking out e-sáyíét 'poison', thus preparing it for storing milk. Eyáwúá ŋolé n ́n ́ oltulét olotó ailísh aɨtáá enkúkúrí. Yesterday my mother

brought a gourd in its natural state so as to make a usable gourd out of it. (Pk). See: a-ír ‘To clean a calabash’. 2 • To change sth. bad into sth. good, eg. a bad behavior in a child into a good one; reform. 3 • To have a general feeling of discomfort, illness or unease; experience malaise. Syn: a-ibisíóŋ ‘To be ill’; a-nyaalá ‘To be ill’.

a-ilishá v.mid. To feed. Ɛg ́ra Serikali ailishá olórere amʉ̂ eéuo ɔlámeyu The government is feeding people because famine has come. feed’.

Borrowed word: Swahili

kulisha 'feed'. Syn: a-itotí ‘To

a-ilishó v.mid. Restrict: animate. To be physically weak. a-ilitilít v.prog. To cause to be slowed down or delayed. Ílitilitó mɛtárreshú ɛngárri. Cause him/her to delay so that he/she will wait for the car.

Syn: a-ibók

‘To cause to delay’.

́lɔ̂

[ɪ ́llɔ̂] Nom sg: ɨlɔ̂. Nom pl: ɨlɔɔ́. [The accusative singular is pronounced with low tone [ ̀llɔ̀]

in context with any preceding or following word, e.g. [kádɔ́l ́ta ̀llɔ̀ tʉŋáni]. At the end of a phrase, the final mora may have a phonetic low tone which falls. Phonetically the the [ll] is geminate, but at least some native speakers do not like writing the geminate.] pn.dem. Masculine

singular 2nd distal demonstrative; that. Óu amʉ̂ kátíī atúá ́lɔ̂ sokóni ́nâ ɔlɔ́ŋ. [àtúá ɪ ̀lɔ̀ sòkóni] Come because I will be at that market that day. Nɛ́mɨr ́lɔ̂ lɨká ̄ ɔɨŋɔ́nɨ bási nélōtū aɨtɔrɛ́ inkíshú. He (a bull) chased that other bull, then he came to rule the cows. (W). Á ́ŋá ́ ɨlɔ̂? ([áɪ ́ŋáɪ ́ ɪ ̀llɔ̂]) Who (masc.) is it? (W). Kálɔ ári apá ɨlɔ̂? Which year was that? See: lɛ́lɔ̂ ‘Masculine plural 2nd distal demonstrative; those’.

ɛn- ́lɔ That one. Káke ɨmɨkɨyâ ɛnkárná inó ɔ́ ɛn ́lɔ tʉŋáni l ́tádámūā. But we will not take your name or that one (of) the person that you have thought of. See: Pronouns-Demonstratives; ́nâ ‘Feminine singular 2nd distal demonstrative; that’.

a-ɨlɔgaá

v.away. To

cause a little liquid to pour out of an overfilled container; spill; slosh, pour off. aɨlɔgaá ɛnkárɛ́ To pour out little water.

a-ɨlɔgɨlɔgaá To keep on spilling out. See: a-ibukoó ‘To pour out’. a-iloikí Variant: a-ilokí. [North]: a-ɨlɔ́k, a-lokí. In some suffixed forms: iloikin. v.prog. To

take turns at; alternate, exchange, go back and forth; swing back and forth between two states or conditions. Kɛ́g ́ra ailoikí ɨnkájíjík. He is taking turns in entering houses. Kɛlɔk ́ta elde páyian. This man is taking turns (eg. from one wife's house to the next). (-K S). Kéílokíno nkíshú. They are rotating taking care of each other's cows. (S). Káailoikinó Leonard o Kent áasie lkási. Leonard and Kent are taking turns working with me. (S).

a-ɨlɔ ́rr

make sorrowful, sadden. Ɛɨlɔ́ɨrr ɨnâ báɛ. That issue will sadden him/her. v. To

a-ɨlɔɨrrá To be sorrowful; suddened. Ɛg ́ra aɨlɔɨrrá amʉ̂ etúáta inkíshu pɔ́ɔk ̄ ̄. He is being sorrowful because all the cows died.

a-ilokí [North]

v.dat. [North]

iloikí ‘To change’.

To switch, change, exchange.

See: a-

a-ilokilók v. To spill over, overflow. a-ɨlɔ́m v.prog. To make dull or stupid. Ɛ́ ́lɔ́má ɛnaishó ɔlpayíán. Beer has stupified the man.

a-ɨlɔmá To be stupid. ɨlɔɔ́ Nom pl: ɨlɔ́ɔ.̄ pn. Free-standing form 'those of', having to do with; masculine. ɨlɔɔ́ mp ́saí tɔ́mɔ̂n for ten shillings (W). Ɛsʉ́lárɛ tɛ nɛ́ākʉ̄ mmɛŋasákɨ ɨnkɛ́râ ɨlɔɔ́ mɛ́nyɛ. It is an embarrassment when children do not greet the fathers. (Pk). Nétií ɨlɔ́ lɔɔ́nkuukuuní. There are those (stories) of people who have to do with wild animals. (W). Note: eg. people who fell victim of wild animals, people who live near wild animals, etc. See: ɔlɔɔ́; ɔɔ́ ‘Of’; ɨnɔɔ́ ‘Those of (feminine)’.

a-ɨlɔɔjá v. To show desire to fight. Míntóki aɨlɔɔjá amʉ̂ mɛátā ̄ ɔlárrabal. Don't show your desire to fight because there is no war. desire to fight’.

Usage: people

or animals. See: a-ɨmɔɔjá ‘To show

a-ɨlɔpɨlɔ́p v.prog. 1 • To repeatedly dip self into a liquid. Kɛ́nyɔ́rr ɔlmákaʉ aɨlɔp ́lɔ̄pā ɛnkɑ́rɛ́. The hippo likes dipping into water repeatedly.

drink a liquid repeatedly. Usage: colloquial. Á ́lɔ́p ́lɔ́p ́ta ɛnkárɛ́. (i) I repeatedly dip myself into the water. (ii) I drink the water repeatedly. 3 • To make irrevelant and irresponsible interjections in a discussion; make remarks that interrupt. aɨlɔpɨlɔ́p ɨlɔmɔ́n To make remarks that interrupt (in a discussion). 2 • To

a-ilopilopíé To dip sth. into a liquid repeatedly.

a-ɨlúác [North] [aɪlwátʃ] v. [North] To switch, whip. a-ilubulúb v. To blister, swell. Némorroóju, néílubulúbu, nɛ́dānyā aɨɔtɨɔtá, nétīū ánaa ɨlpɛpɛ́dɔ. It becomes rough, it swells, it bursts and it becomes like scabies. Kábúl ɛnê náilubúlub tɛ nkaɨná. I want to pierce this blister on my hand. (Pk). See: a-tɛ́j ‘To swell’.

a-ɨlʉ́d v.prog. 1 • To sway, move one's body. Ɛ́ ́lʉd. He will sway. Ɛ́ ́lʉ́d ́ta. She is swaying. (W). Áílúdie ɛnkɛ́rá ́. I am swaying the child. 2 • [North] To spring back and forth (eg. a long stick). 3 • [North] To be tall.

To be late. Kɛ́ ́lʉd. He is tall/late. (S). This could be said of leaving for Nairobi at 4 p.m., which would be late in the day. 4 • [North]

a-ɨlʉdaá [North] v.dir. [North] To get a late start. a-ɨlʉdak ́ [North] [North] To do in the evening. a-ɨlʉdʉlʉ́d 1 • To swing or sway under a heavy load. 2 • [North]

a-ilúg

object.

To sway back and forth. Usage: of a long or tall

v. 1 • To

hit with force at close range, with a projectile or sth. in the hand. Ááílúgo iyíé. I hit you. (W). Áílúgo ɨntá ́. I hit y'all. (W). Áílúgo nɨnyɛ́. I hit him. (W). Kílúgo íyīē. You hit me. (W). Áailugó n ́nyɛ. She hit me. (W). Kílúgó ́ntā ̄. Y'all hit me. (W).

drink too much liquid. Eilugíto ɛnáíshó. He is drinking too much beer. Kɛ́ ́lʉ́gwa naishó. He has drunk too much beer. (S). Kɛ́ ́lʉ́gwa nkárɛ́. He has drunk too much water. (S). 2 • To

a-ilugó To be restless; go here and there. ailugó aɨŋɔrʉ́ inkíshú na ́mɨnâ To go here and there looking for lost

cows. Eilúgō ɛnkárɛ. The water moves to and fro/heaves. See: a-ósh; a-náŋ; a-ɨpɔ́ny; a-ikúm ‘To hit’; a-idúl ‘To drink excessively’.

a-ɨlʉmpʉlʉmpá v.mid. To cause unnecessary delay. Míntóki aɨlʉmpʉlʉmpá mɛshɔ́mɔ entékê. Stop delaying

(yourself) unnecessarily (because) the plane will start going. [Implication: you will be left behind.]. Á ́lʉ́mpʉ́lʉ́mpɛ mɛshɔ́mɔ ɔlpáyian lâî. I delayed unnecessarily (for so long), with the result that my husband left (without me). Á ́lʉ́mpʉ́lʉ́mpɛ níkipuo sáâ nabô. I delayed unnecessarily with the result that we left at 7:00.

a-ɨlʉrá [North]

To sleep. 2 • [North] To die. Usage: adults. See: a-ɨrʉrá ‘To sleep’.

a-ilús [North]

nyá ‘To eat’.

v. 1 • [North]

v. [North]

To eat repeatedly, mostly milk.

See: a-

a-iluutó v.mid. To be depressed, be unhappy. a- ́m [West]: a-y ́m. v.prog. 1 • To pass through and proceed on, traverse; pass by; penetrate. Áy ́m ́ta ɛnt ̂m. I am going through the forest. (W). Ká ́m ́ta nkóítéí náló Karen. I am

passing/walking through (along) the path going to Karen. (SN). Óre apá peê éúní ɨlmʉ́rran nɛ́yɨmâ osínkírá. During the warriors' graduation ceremony, they all passed through the small hut. (Pk). Étóóshó ɛnkáíyóní empíra aimíé oldírísha. The boy kicked a ball through the window. Ɛ́ ́má ɛngárrî ɔlbarɨbára. The car has passed on the road. Nélo

ɔltɔmɛ́, óre aké peê élô, néjo á ́ŋʉ́ráā nɛ́lāū ɛnɛɨmá. And the elephant went, when it went it tried to look but it missed where it (the hare) passed. Átódúaa ɛnkárɛ́ sápʉk nayɨmá ɛwúáso ŋirô. I have seen a lot of water running in the brown river. (Pk). A: Ɛntɛ́kɛ ́ɨm? B: Áló a ́m ɛntɛ́kɛ aɨrɔrɔk ́ ɨnkɛ́ra áinêî. A: Are you going by plane? B: I am

going by plane to greet my children.

pass an examination. Kɛ́ɨm Kent ɛntɛ́mátá. Kent can pass the exam. 2 • To

To follow. Ɛshɔmɔ́ áaɨm rrékíé. They have gone to follow the path. (SN). 3 • [North]

a-imíé To drive through, force through, cause to procede. Káímie nkíshú mukaréte. I will drive the cattle through the cattle dip. (ie. to wash them) (S). Táwuara taá enconí peê itúm eníímíe empíto. Slash out the skin so that you get a place to pass string through.

a-ɨmʉ́

In some suffixed forms: a-ɨmʉ́n. To

pass through, come through sth. Ká ́mʉ́ta. I'm passing through. (S). Káaɨmʉn ́. I will be passed. (People will walk towards me and then continue on.) (SN). Káaɨmuak ́. I have been passed by (eg. by people walking on by). (SN). Q: Ají ́ ́m ́ta? A: Káá ́m ́ta atúá táon ɛ Marlál. Q: Where are you passing through? A: I am passing through Maralal town. (SN) (This conversational exchange would make sense if two people are talking by phone, so that one cannot see the other.). Káá ́mʉ̄. I will pass by you. (SN). Íimúákɨ. Pick me up (tomorrow.)/ Pass by me, come see me (S). Káá ́mʉ. I will pass by, call on you. (with or without picking you up to go somewhere together) (SN).

a-ɨmá In some suffixed forms: a-ɨmár. To pass by going away. Káaɨmar ́. I will be passed. (People will walk away from ɨm-

me.) (SN).

of Negative prefix m-. Imikíiyíéú ... We don't want you... [to do sth.].

Variant: ɨmɨ-. neg. Variant

a-imaampút bluff’.

v. To

bluff.

a-ɨmacɨmác [North]

Note: See

synonyms at

v. [North]

See: a-purú ‘To

To speak a language

smoke,

inadequately, brokenly.

a-ɨmág

v. 1 • To

trick s.o. by taking a share more than what you are suppose to get leaving the other person with less share; cheat. Óre hɔ́ɔ ́ n ́rá bótór, m ́mag ɛnkɛ́ráí kɨt ́ Although you are big, don't trick a young child. 2 • [North] To hit (esp. with a solid object). 3 • [North] To seal a crack, plug a hole.

a-ɨmagárr

v.prog. 1 • To

rebuke to an extreme degree; criticise and disapprove overly harshly to cause fear, tyrannize, behave tyrannically. M ́mágarr ɔlɨkáɨ, ́ncɔɔ ɛ́ ́rɔ̂. Don't rebuke the other one, let him talk . 2 • To terrorize.

a-ɨmagarrak ́ To force s.o. do sth. by rebuking harshly. See: abuaak ́ ‘To shout at’.

a-ɨmak ́

Variant: a-yɨmak .́ v. To

mention, reveal, verbally expose; talk about. Kɛ́ɨmakɨ oltuŋáni lɛnkɔ́p encé oréco. He talked about a man in his home area that kills people. (S). Tɛ nkʉtʉ́k aké ɛ́táárá ayɨmak ́ ɛntorróní ɛnyɛ́ pɔɔk ́. It is only by mouth that he beat him to expose all his wrongdoing. (Pk).

iróreí lɔɔ́ lMáásâ ̂ ɔɔ́ɨmákɨ empúkúnotó ɔ́ ltʉŋáni Maasai words that reveal types of people.

a-ɨmál

v. 1 • To

give a cow, sheep or a goat to a relative, to avoid calling his/her name; henceforth one calls the person by the name of what has been given e.g patáwúó 'of heifer'. Ká ́mála nkáíbártani e moses. I have given sth. to Moses' new wife. (S). This custom yields terms of address, as follows. If you give a woman a goat, you call each other pakíné. If you give her a female calf, you call each other patáwó; for a male calf, paáshē; for a sheep, pankérá; for a young goat or sheep, pakwó. 2 • [North] To call s.o. by a pa- appelation. 3 • [Purko] To insult s.o. by the name of a respected person.

a-imalíé To give a cow, sheep or a goat to s.o. to avoid his/her

name. Káímálie ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. I will give him a cow.

a-ɨmaleés

be overly calm and humble. This is mostly mistaken to be foolishness, and is prototypically characterized by being slow, not talking. Ká ́málées. I am calm. See: a-bɔ́rr ‘To be humble’.

a-ɨmalɨmál

v. To

[West]: a-ɨmalmál. [North]: a-ɨmalmál. v. 1 • To

fool about

(as children might do), be negligent, goof off. Kélō ɔláíyíóní aɨmalɨmál tɛ shóo. The boy is going to neglect herding. (Pk). Kélō ɔláíyíóní aɨmalɨmalíé ɔlɨkâ ̂ tɛ shóo. The boy will go and distract the other (boy) during herding. Ɛáta

ɨnâ kɛráí ɛlʉ́kʉ́nyá amʉ̂ eipírrīō sokóni néshukúnye ɛ́ ́tʉ̂ élô aɨmalɨmál. That child is responsible because she ran to the market and returned without going to goof off. ɔltʉŋáni ɔɨmal ́mal a person who is negligent (or fools about). Ɛshɔmɔ́ ɨnkɛ́râ áaɨmalɨmal ɔmɛtáa nɛ́ ́nɔ̄s inkíshu ɨmpáretí ɔɔ́ ltʉ́ŋánák. The children have gone and played around until the cows ate people's crops. (W). engage in ilicit sexual activity. Ɛɨmálímálá ɨnâ titó ɔmɛtáa nɛ́nʉtayú. That girl has played around until she became pregnant. (W). 2 • To

a-ɨmalɨmalʉ́ [North] along at the end.

a-ɨmalmál [North]

v.dir. [North]

To come in at the end, tag

v. 1 • To

fool about, goof off; not do work well, through carelessness or being distracted. Ɛshɔmɔ́

ɨnkɛ́râ áaɨmalmal ɔmɛtáa nɛ́ ́nɔ́s inkíshu impáretí ɔɔ́ltʉŋanak. The children have gone and played around until the cows ate people's crops. (W). See: a-ɨmalɨmál ‘To fool about’. 2 • [North] To be late, tardy, dawdle.

a-ɨmány v. 1 • To swear by one's father's name or one's best bull. Ɛ́ ́many ɔlpáyian ilmóŋí lɛnyɛ́na. The man will swear by his bulls. 2 • To take pride in (eg. one's animals).

a-ɨmanyá

v.dir. 1 • To

swear by the name of one's cows or the name of one's father. 2 • [North] To call out a name (eg. a favorite steer or faminly name) during battle.

a-ɨmanyʉ́ v.dir. [North] To come when called. a-imaranú [North] v.incep. [North] To become spotted. See: mára ‘Spotted’.

look upwards at, gaze upwards. Ɛ́ ́már ́r ́a. She looked up at s.o. (S).

a-ɨmarɨr ́

v. 1 • To

́ á ́mariríá Yesʉ ɔ́láâ nɨnyɛ́ admire, respect. Ɛm ɔláítúrúkóní náa ɔlɔɨtabáyā enkírúkótó âŋ... Let's look up to Jesus who is the author and finisher of our faith... 3 • To put trust in. 2 • To

a-ɨmarlál [North]

To glisten, glitter. This verb gave rise to the name of Maralal town because of the glittering effect of the sun shining off its corrugated iron roofs, especially when seen from a distance. See: a-ɨmɛrlɛ́l ‘To glitter’.

a-ɨmarrɨmárr

v. [North]

v.prog. v.prog. To

bud.

be very bright and shiny. Usage: rare. Kɛ́ ́marr ́marr ɛnk ́lâ The cloth is so bright and shinny. 2 • v.prog. To

a-ɨmasó v.mid. To be proud. See: a-ŋɨdá ‘To be proud’. ́mɛ neg. Not, no. See: ḿmɛ ‘Not, no’; ɨmɛɛ́ta ‘He has not, there is not’; ɨmɛɛ́tā ̄ ‘There is not’.

imeékūrē [North] Acc sg: mokúré. adv. No longer. Óre oshî táatá néméékūrē kílótú aɨrɔrɔk ́ ánaa apá. Nowadays you don't come to greet me like before. (Pk). Óre oshî táatá nɛ́taá ɨntáirrí eishopí imeékūrē áâ ɨnamʉ́ka oó loníto ánaa apá. These days people wear tire sandals, not leather sandals like before. (Pk). Ɛt́ áá doí apá tásat ɛldɛ̂ áyíóní imeékūrē áâ bíyótó That boy is disabled, he is no

longer healthy. (Pk). Ɛt́ áá tásat imeékūrē apá ɛɨd ́m atanápa intokitín naáíroshi. He is weak; he is no longer able to carry heavy things. (Pk). Ɛg ́ra ɛnk ́tɛŋ ayeyú amʉ̂ imeékūrē ɛ́átâ kʉlɛ́. The cow is about to stop letting out milk because it does not have more milk. (Pk). Mokúré agól. I'm no longer strong. (SN). See: ḿmɛ ‘No, not’.

ɨmɛɛ́ta

v.s. 1 • he.has.not.

2 • He/she

has not; there is not. See: ́mɛ; ḿmɛ ‘Not, no’; ɨmɛɛ́tā ̄ ‘There is not’.

ɨmɛɛ́tā ̄

v.s. There

there is not’.

a-ɨmɛ́k

is not.

See:

́mɛ; ḿmɛ ‘Not, no’; ɨmɛɛ́ta ‘He has not,

v. 1 • To

be funny, cheeky, crude. 2 • To transgress.

a-imenóŋ [North]

v. 1 • [North]

To avoid food touched by

women. 2 • [North] To refuse to eat in the presence of women. Practiced by warriors.

a-ɨmɛrlɛ́l

be glittery, shiny. Kɛ́ ́mɛ́rlɛl emóti ŋejúk. The new cooking pot is glittery. (Pk). Kɛ́ ́mɛ́rlɛl enkiwuaŋatɑ́ ɛ́ ncán. The lightening is flashy (whenever it comes). (Pk). This does not necessarily mean that it is flashing over and over. 2 • To flash. Restrict: lightening, spears. 3 • To throb or wince with pain, as of limbs.

a-ɨmɛ́rr

v. 1 • To

v. 1 • [North]

To aggrandize oneself while belittling others; look down upon one who is unfortunate or unpriviledged. 2 • To be arrogant; pretend to know nothing. 3 • [North] To boast in one's strength, wealth, etc. See: a-ɨlásh ‘To be arrogant’; a-ɨkár ‘To boast’; a-wuasá ‘To be arrogant’; ayíál ‘To be arrogant’.

a-imerríé To boast about. a-ɨmɛrrɨmɛ́rr Variant: a-ɨmɛrrmɛ́rr. v.prog. To walk as if unable to control one's movements; stagger. Ɛg ́ra ɔlámɛ́rání aɨmɛrrɨmɛrrarrí aló áŋ. The drunkard is staggering to go ímîêt

home.

[North] Acc sg: ímet,

ímîêt. [Chamus] Acc sg: ímêt. num. Five (cardinal

number). Ilkimojík ímîêt ɛáta ɔltʉ́ŋání tɛ nkaɨná nábo. It is five fingers that a person has on one hand.

́m ́ ́m [North]

[North] Nom sg: ɨmɨ

́m. [North] Acc pl: ɨmɨɨmí. [North] Nom pl: ́mɨɨmí. n. [North] Plant whose leaves are chewed by young people to make their lips black and attractive. Indigofera arrecta.

a-imíl [North] v. [North] To dive into water. a-imilimíl [North] v. [North] To glimmer, glow, burn faintly. a-ɨm ́n v.prog. To get lost, go astray. Áaɨm ́n ɛnkɛráí. My child will be lost. Éímíníé ɛnkáyíóní inkíshú. The boy has lost the cows. Áaɨmɨná ɛnk ́tɛŋ. My cow got lost. Ɛɨmɨn ́ta ɛnk ́tɛŋ. The cow is going astray. Ɛɨm ́nʉ̄ ɛnk ́tɛŋ. The cow will stray towards this side. aɛ́n inkíshú naá ́mɨnâ peê mɛ́nyá ilowuarák to tie (for protection) cows that are lost so that they are not eaten by wild animals (Pk). See: a-m ́n ‘To loose’.

a-ɨmɨná v.mid. To be lost. a-ɨmɨnayú v.mid v.incep. To be loosable. a-imirkikoó v. To throw away. aimirkikoó orinká to throw away a club. See: a-náŋ ‘To throw’.

a-imís

v. v. To

disappear from sight. This may indicate sudden disappearance, but also could be used for walking so far that you can no longer be seen. sink, submerge, go down. enkijíkō naimisó tɛ nkárɛ the spoon that disappeared in the water. 2 • v. To

a-imisíé 1 • To make sth. disappear from sight; cover, hide. Áaimisíé ɨnkʉj ́t. Grass covered me (i.e I cannot be seen). aimisíé tɛ nk ́lâ To hide it with the cloth. 2 • To prevent sth. from being discovered. aimisíé ɛmbáɛ peê méyíólóúni To hide an issue so that it will not be known.

a-imisiginó [North] v.mid. [North] To be depressed, feel sad. Míntóki aimisiginó. Stop feeling sad/depressed. See: misigîn ‘A

poor person’; a-ɨsɨnanúó ‘To be depressed’.

a-ɨmɔɔjá v. To show desire to fight. Míntóki aɨmɔɔjá amʉ̂ mɛátā ̄ ɔlárrabal. Don't show your desire to fight because there is no war. desire to fight’.

Usage: people

or animals. Syn: a-ɨlɔɔjá ‘To show

a-imotót v. To be salty (of a liquid). a-imú [North]: a-ɨmʉ́. v.prog. 1 • To be satisfied. Áímu olótótó. I've walked enough. (S). This could be said after 5-6 hours. Ɛɨtʉ́ aímu. I am not satisfied. (SN). 2 • [North]

To be fed up with.

a-imúó v.mid. To get satisfied. Moókíré anyá ɛndáa amʉ̂ áímūō. I will not eat food again because I am satisfied/full. See: a-itiemú

[North] ‘To fit well, suffice’. a-raposhó: ‘To get satisfied’. See: a-baɨk ́ ‘To be sufficient’; a- ́m ‘To pass’. Note the ATR 'motion towards' form of a- ́m 'pass', a-ɨmʉ,́ which contrasts with a-imú.

a-imúg v. 1 • To doze. Ɛg ́ra entitó aimúg amʉ̂ kéyīēū nɛ́ ́rʉra. The girl is dozing because she wants to sleep. 2 • To

slumber. 3 • [North] To flinch, jump back from feigned attack. See: aɨrʉrá ‘To sleep’.

a-ɨmʉjʉmʉ́j

v. 1 • To

suck a sweet hard substance. Kɛ́nyɔ̄r

ɛnkɛráí aɨmʉjʉ́mʉ̄jā ɔsɛrɛmɛ́ntɛ̄. A child likes to suck a sweet.

rinse the mouth with a liquid. ɛnkɨt ́ árɛ́ náímújúmūjīē ɛnkʉ́tʉ́k little water to drink (lit: little water to rinse the mouth with). 2 • To

a-ɨmʉkʉmʉ́k v.prog. 1 • To chew secretly so as not to be noticed. Ɛg ́ra aɨmʉkʉmʉ́k ɛndââ. He is chewing food secretly. 2 • To talk in whispers. Émintokíki áaɨmʉkʉmʉka ɛ́mbalunyíé oróréí. Don't talk in whispers, make it clear. (i.e Shout for all of us to hear.).

snigger so as not to be noticed. aɨmʉkʉmʉ́k enkuenîâ To laugh secretly. 3 • To

a-ɨmʉ́l v.prog. 1 • To cover, close, seal. Kɛ́ ́mʉl ɔltʉ́ŋání ɨnkɔnyɛ́k tɛnɛ́ ́rʉra A person will cover/close his eyes when he sleeps. 2 • To hide, wrap.

a-ɨmʉlá v.mid. To be hidden; be wrapped. a-ɨmʉlʉmʉ́l To cover; blindfold; wrap up, wrap in sth. a-ɨmʉ́m [North]2 v. [North] To roll into a ball. a-ɨmʉ́m1 v. To request, beg. a-ɨmʉrgʉ́t v. To gulp. a-ɨmʉrgʉtaá To gulp down, swallow without chewing, eat greedily.

a-ɨmʉrjaá v.intr. To swallow whole. Ɛɨmʉrjáyie ɔlŋatúny enkitejó. The lion has swallowed the hare. a-imutíé v. To be after the expected or usual time; delayed, late. Áímútie ɛ́ ́tʉ̂ aló áŋ. I am late from not going home. See: amutú ‘To get late (in the evening)’.

a-imutikí [North]

v. [North]

To delay into the evening.

See: a-

ɨńnâ

itumutikí ‘To delay s.o.’; a-mutikí ‘To be late’.

Variant: ɨn-; i-; ɨ-; ɨnk-. gen. Noun

prefix for feminine plural referent. Nɛ́yá inkíshú ɛnyɛ̂ ó isirkôn. He took their cows and donkies.

[ɪ ́nnâ] Nom sg: ɨnâ. Acc pl: ɨnɔɔ́. Nom pl: ɨnɔ́ɔ. [North] Acc sg: inîâ. pn.dem. 1 • Feminine

singular demonstrative; 2nd degree of distalness; that. Má ́nɔsá ́nâ dáa Let's eat that food. 2 • Feminine singular demonstrative, 4th degree of distalness; that out-of-view. See: Pronouns-Demonstratives; ́lɔ̂ ‘Masculine singular 2nd distal demonstrative; that’.

ɨnadúóó Previously-mentioned. tɛ́ ́na; tɛ́ ́nâ From that. Míkíntóki adál tɛ́ ́na kíóok. Don't keep reflecting with that mirror at me (ie. the light from the mirror is disturbing me). Népūtī ɔlaigúɛ́nani tɛ́ ́na âŋ. The age-set leader is ordained from that home.

a-ɨnapɨnáp

v. 1 • To

walk quickly. Usage: insulting. See: a-siooyó; aɨsarrɨsárr; a-isurokí ‘To walk quickly’. 2 • To breathe fast and in a non-normal fashion due to fever.

a-ɨnáʉ́r v.s. To tire s.o., cause to become tired. Káagɨrá ɛná síáai aɨnaʉ́r. This work is making me tired. See: a-naurú ‘To become tired’.

a-ɨnaʉrá [North]

To be tired. Ká ́náʉra. I am tired (perhaps because of working a long time). (SN). Kɛ́ ́naʉ́rɨtâ lpágási olêŋ. The workers are very tired. (SN). Ká ́náʉ́rie ŋolé. I have made him tired. / I have weighed him down. (SN). See: a-naʉrá ‘To be tired’.

ɨncɛ́rɛ

v.mid. [North]

Variant: incére; ncɛ́rɛ. dem. 1 • That;

in order that; the reason is. 2 • Incipient complementizer for direct speech complement. Néjokiní ɨncɛ́rɛ, kɛ́ ́tāyu inkíshú íîp ímíet. They were told that they were to pay five hundred cows.

incériaá

inter. Interrogative

phrase proving to the hearer how

untrue his/her earlier statement is. The speaker will repeat the statement made by the former speaker and then add incériaá? "How come? For what reason? Namely?". A: Ɛɨtʉ́ aló áŋ. B: Ɛɨtʉ́ iló áŋ incériaá? A: I did not go home. B: You did not go home, how come? (Implication: you did go home).

índad [North] pl:

́ndadí. [North] Nom ́ndadí. n.f. [North] Women's ornament with glass beads.

íne [Purko]

[North] Nom sg: índâd. [North] Acc pl:

Nom sg: inê. pn.dem. 1 • Distal

locative demonstrative, indicating approximately where the addressee is located; there, in that location. Shɔ́mɔ tátala ínê peê tenéleŋ níkipuonú áaidurrie inkíshú. Go and survey there, if you find it green enough with pasture then we can take the cows. place already mentioned. Nɛ́yɛ̄ téíne. It died just there (that place). See: nénên ‘Those places’; Pronouns Þ Demonstrative pronouns. 2 • That

́nɛ̂

Variant: ɨnɛ-. psr.prt. The

one(s) of; used with a following demonstrative or gender-prefixed noun. ɨnɛ ́lɔ ári of that year. See: ɛ́ ‘Feminine singular possessor’.

a-ɨnɛnɛ́ŋ

assess the weight of sth. Kɛ́ ́nɛ́nɛŋa. He assessed its weight. (S). 2 • To assess, try, tempt. In S, this can include testing s.o., either with strengh physically, or ability in school. v. 1 • To

a-ɨnɛnɛŋaá To try sth. out in turns. a-ɨnɛnɛŋaá v. To try out. a-ineníá v.mid. To be piled; crammed. Ɛg ́ra ɨmbáâ áainenia kírréshítô e ntúmo naɨmakinyíéki pɔɔk ́ The issues are getting piled up as we wait for the meeting that all of them will be discussed. See: a-sót ‘To pile them up’.

a-ɨnɛpʉ́

In some suffixed forms: a-ɨnɛpʉ́n. v.dir. 1 • To

catch up with s.o. or sth. which is ahead (eg., on the road, in work). Ɛɨnɛ́pʉ. He will catch up with him. Á ́nɛ́pʉ. I will catch up with him/her.

Áínépūā. I have caught up with him/her. Nɛ́ ́nɛpʉ ɔltásât, néjo á ́rɔ́rɔ́k ́, nɛ́ ́ŋatáa. He caught up with an old man, and tried to greet him, but he ran away.

meet or find s.o. or sth. Á ́ŋásie peê aɨnɛ́pʉ tɛ súkuul. I was surprised to find him at school. Á ́nɛ́pʉ tɛ súkuul. I'll find (meet) him/her at school. Á ́nɔ́s ́ta ɛndáa asiokí amʉ̂ álótíto aɨnɛpʉ́ ɛngárri. I am eating food quickly because I'm going to catch (meet) the bus/car. (W). 2 • To

a-ɨnɛpaá To catch up with s.o. or sth. while going away; ae-iní

ɨnɛpaá and a-ɨnɛpʉ́ are basically synonymous. find’.

See: a-inót ‘To

be born. Óre peê einí aké ɛnkɛ́ráí.... When a child is born.. v.pass. To

a-inyíé

v.appl. To

be born at [a time]. See: a-íú ‘To bear offspring, give birth’; a-ikí ‘To bear; copulate’.

ínîâ [North] pn.dem. [North] North Maa variant of ínâ 'that'. ínîâ pârr [ìnìà pârr] that day (SN). See: Pronoun Paradigm Þ Deomonstrative.

a-ɨnɨapʉ́ [North]

[àɪnyàpʊ́] v. [North]

To catch up with; to go where sth. is. See: a-ɨnɛpʉ́ ‘To catch up with’.

a-inikishó v. To respond. a-ininíŋ v. To listen, pay attention. Tábolo inkííyāā inónók; máíniniŋó oróréí lɛ́ nKáí. Open your ears; let's listen to the word of God. (W).

a-ininiŋishó To listen, pay attention. See: a-níŋ ‘To hear’. injí pn.dem. Thus, this way, like this. Pápâ ɔ́ ́kʉná injí iyíóók. It is our father who has done this to us. Injí taá ɛ́nkʉnari amʉ̂ ́náŋárɛ́rɛ. Go this way because you will meet them coming. abá injí To be as big as this. ɔ-ɨnkát Nom sg: ɔ- ́nkāt. Acc pl: ɨ-ɨnkatí. Nom pl: ɨ- ́nkatí. [North] Acc

́nkát. [North] Nom sg: ɨnkát. [North] Acc pl: ínkátí. [North] Nom pl: inkatí. n. Wildebeest, gnu. Connochaetes taurinus. Among the Samburu, the tail of this animal is decorated and used by elders to swat flies. sg:

In-kiíto n.prop. Probably in Kajiado District, near ɛmbɔɔ́.Place name. inkó v.imp. Second person inflected form of a-ikó(n). Inkó! Take it! Inkó? Can you do it? (S). See: a-ikó ‘To do’; ɛ́nkʉna; ́nkʉna ‘Take it! (Imperative)’.

́nkʉna inó

íno

Variant: inkó. PL: ɛ́nkʉna. v.imp. 1 • Do

like! 2 • Take it! See: a-ikó ‘To do’; ɛ́nkʉna; inkó ‘Take it! (pl. and sg. addressee, respectively)’.

ɛnkají inó your house (W). l- is prefixed when the possessed is masculine: Shɔ́mɔ tɔ́rɔjɔ sútúó linó meéu bɔɔ́. Go and signal yur friend to come out. (SN).

Nom sg: íno. pn.psr. Your.

See: Possessive

v.imp. Be

pronoun paradigm.

off! Get out of the way! See: shɔ́mɔ ‘Go (Perfect[ive] or Imperative)’; cɔ́mɔ [North] ‘Go (Perfect[ive] or Imperative)’.

a-ɨnɔ́k

[North]: inók. PF: a-inúá. v.prog. 1 • To

light (fire, lamp), kindle ́ fire. Ká ́nɔ́k ́ta nk ́má I'm lighting a fire. (S). Ɨnúáá ɔltáa amʉ̂ kémīsīmīs doí áji. Light the lamp because it is dark here in the house. 2 • [North] To beat severely and rapidly.

make feverish or infected. Káaɨnɔkɨtâ nkíréwua. My body has been attacked by malaria. (S). See: a-ɨpɨrʉ́ ‘To kindle fire’. 3 • To

inónō Nom pl: ínonó. [West] Acc sg: inónók. pn.psr. Your plural (things). Néjokí ɔlpáyīān: Papa áí, ámaâ ́mɔ́n ́rā tɛ n ́k ̄yā kʉlɔ̂ mɔ́ŋ ́ linónō? They told the man, "Our father, do you mind if we take these bulls of yours?". Óre int ́pát ́ inónō náa imólelîân ́lmákɛsɛ́n ɨltáárróséro amʉ̂ nɨncɛ́ óoyíú ɨnɔɔ́ nkakúí inónō. Your lineage is imólelîân,

́lmɔ́kɛsɛ́n, and ɨltáárroséro because they are the sub-clans of

ɨnɔɔ́

your grandparents (lt. because they are the ones your grandparents gave birth to). (Pk). Tábolo inkííyāā inónōk; máínīŋīnɔ̄ oróréí lɛ́ nKáí. Open your years; let's listen to the word of God. (W). Káke eóto ɨlnyányâ línonók olɛ̂ŋ. But your tomatos are overripe. (W). of; feminine. Néjo ɨnɔ́ɔ ŋɔtɔ́nyɛ... Their mothers said... (KS). ɨnɔɔ́ mp ́saí tɔ́mɔ̂n for ten shillings (W). See: ɔɔ́ ‘Of’; ɨlɔɔ́ ‘Those of (masculine)’. Nom pl: ɨnɔ́ɔ. pn. Those

a-inopú a-inórr

v. To

See: siadí ‘Last’.

falsely speak words that damage the reputation of another; slander. Míkíntóki ainórr hɔ́ɔ ́ n ́k ́mbáyie. Don't slander me even though you have hated me. See: a-isúr ‘To slander’.

a-ɨnɔ́s

v. To

come last.

eat. Ɛɨnɔ́s ́ta ɔlŋatúny ɛncɛrɛ́rɛ̄t. The lion is eating the monkey. (W). Ɛɨnɔ́s ́ta ɛncɛ́rɛrɛ́t ɔlŋátúny. The monkey is eating the lion. (W). Ɛɨnɔ́s ́ta olkínyáŋ olowuarú mára. The crocodile is eating the leopard. (W). Ɛɨnɔ́s ́ta olówuarú márâ olkinyáŋ. The leopard is eating the crocodile. (W). Á ́nɔ́s ́ta ɛndáa. I am eating food. v.prog. 1 • To

Átódúaa náají ɛntúrkulúo naɨnɔs ́ta ilkúrt tɛ mpɔ́lɔ̂s ɛ́ bɔɔ́. I have seen a dove eating worms in the middle of the

homestead. Syn: a-nyá ‘To eat’. See: a-daá ‘To eat’; a-ám ‘To eat; cause distress’; a-rrutishó ‘To eat, have a meal’; Táma! ‘Eat it!’. At least in S, a-nyá 'to eat' is more polite than a-daá 'to eat'; arruticó is most polite, but less common than a-nyá. discuss; share news. Á ́nɔ́s ́ta ɨlɔmɔ́n. I am getting/sharing news. Nɛ́kɨnɔ́s (~ nɛ́kɨɨnɔ́s) taá tɛ nkádɔr ́. We had a long discussion. (lit: We discussed for a long time.) (W). K ́ɨnɔ́s. We will discuss it. (W). 2 • To

cause pain; wound. A: Ká ́nyɔ̄ɔ ̄ n ́k ́nɔ́sa ɛnká ́ná? B: olkikúei láataremó. A: What has made your arm ache? 3 • To

B: A thorn stabbed me. Ɛ́ ́nɔ́sâ intúduí ɨnkɛ́ra ilkimojík lɔɔ́ nkɛjɛ́k. Children have jiggers infesting their toes (lit. the digits of the feet). (Pk). 4 • To make s.o. cry. 5 • To have a specific value; worth.

a-ɨnɔsɨshɔ́ a-ɨnɔsʉ́ 1 • To eat coming this way. 2 • To

narrate a story, tell news. 3 • To regret.

a-ɨnɔsaá

1 • To

a-inosíé

1 • To

eat going away. 2 • To spread the news or contents of a story. eat with or at. 2 • To do sth. at the expense of another.

exchange one thing for another; barter, buy, sell. Ɛg ́ra ainosíé ɛnâ kɨlâ iropiyianí îp aré. He is exchanging (selling or buying) this cloth for four hundred shillings. (Pk). 4 • To make sth. be consumed by another (eg. grass by fire). 5 • To discuss with, talk with. 3 • To

a-ɨnɔ́s ɔlmʉmâî To take an oath. Á ́nɔ́sa ɔlmʉmâî I have taken (eaten) an oath. (Pk).

ɛnk- ́nɔ́sátá n. Eating. See: a-ɨnɔ́s ‘To eat’. a-ɨnɔsʉ́ lɔmɔ́n v.phrase. To tell the news. a-ɨnɔsaá lɔmɔ́n v.dir v.phrase. To tell news at several houses, one at a time.

a-ɨnɔsʉnyɛ́

be remorseful over past deeds; feel guilty (lit: to eat one's self coming toward the point of reference). ɔltʉŋáni ɔɨnɔsʉ́nyɛ person who is remorseful, guilty (lit: person who eats self). See: a-ɨnɔ́s ‘To eat’.

a-inót

v.mid. To

find. ainótó ropianí tɛ mbɛnɛ áí. I found some money in my pocket. See: a-ɨnɛpʉ́ ‘To catch, meet, find’. v. To

e-inóti

Nom sg: e-ínoti. n. 1 • Daughter,

true daughter. 2 • Child that resembles s.o. very closely (physically, in action, etc.). 3 • Resident of an area over a long time, who is well known and belongs to the area. 4 • Person who learns young how to do a work, and does so perfectly.

o-inóti Son, true son. See: a-íú ‘To bear offspring’. ínóto [North] [North] Nom sg: inóto. [North] Acc pl: inót. [North] Nom pl: inót. ɨntá ́

́-īnūā

n. [North]

Birth.

See: a-íú ‘To

bear offspring’.

́ntā .̄ [North] Acc sg: ntá .́ pn. You (plural). Áílúgo ɨntá ́. I hit y'all. (W). K ́ntɔɔ́mɔn aké ɨntá ́ ánaa aké. We welcome you always. (C). Kílúgó ́ntā ̄. Y'all hit me. (W). Íyíólórōrō apá ́ntā ̄ ɔ́ n ́nyɛ? Did you (PL) and he know each other? (KS). Nom pl:

v.pf. 1 • Perfective

form of a-ɨnɔ́k 'to kindle a fire, light (a lamp)'. Éínúá. He kindled the fire. Áínua ɔltáa amʉ̂ kémīsīmīs doí áji. I lit the lamp because the house is dark. ́ Light the lamp because it is dark here in the house. (Pk). Ɨnúá ɛnk ́má amʉ̂ ɛɨrɔ́p ̄jā. You (pl) lit the fire because it was ́ cold. Ɨnuá ɔltáa amʉ̂ kémīsīmīs doí áji. Light the lamp because it is dark here in the house.

́ or imperative form of a-ɨnɔ́k. Ɨnuá ɛnk ́má amʉ̂ kɛ́ ́rɔ́bɨ. You light the fire because it is cold. 2 • Subjunctive

a-inuaak ́

1 • To

light the fire for. 2 • To rouse up s.o.'s emotions; agitate, "stir up".

a-inuaak ́ ɛngárri

Usage: colloquial. To

accelerate a car. ɨnɔ́k ‘To kindle fire’; a-ɨpɨrʉ́ ‘To kindle fire’.

See: a-

a-ɨnʉná v.mid. To be motionless and quiet in the house. Ɛg ́ra aɨnʉná tɛ áji némēpūkū. He/ she is just quiet and

motionless in the house and doesn't get out. remain in the house’.

Syn: a-mʉká

‘To

a- ́ny [North] v. [North] To beat and humiliate. a-ɨnyaaká v. To return sth. to its original container or dwelling. Ká ́naakíno. I'm going back (eg. into my house, after stepping outside to talk to you). (S).

a-inyaayá v.mid. 1 • To take towards a certain direction. Einyaáyá inkíshú ídîâ áló. He will drive the cows towards that direction.

take it back to. ainyaayá Naɨrɔbɨ To take it back to Nairobi. áínyááyie Nairobi. (i) I took it back to Nairobi. (ii) I took it towards Nairobi. 2 • To

a-ɨnyakʉ́ [North] v. Usage: cattle. [North] To bring up a cud. a-inyál v. 1 • To annoy, tease, vex. 2 • To spoil, damage. Ɛg ́ra abarak ́ ainyál esíái. He is intentionally spoiling the work. (Pk). Einyálatɛ ɨmʉ́katɛn ́. These breads are bad. (W).

insult, offend, wrong, harm. Esúpátisho nátomitikíó einyál ɛnká ́. His goodness prevented him from harming her. (Pk). Kéísídáí oshî ɔltʉ́ŋání ɔ́tɔta ɔltáʉ́ sídáí amʉ̂ kɛ́palíki ɨlkʉl ́ká ́ tɛnɛ́ ́nyál. A good-hearted person is good because he forgives others when they wrong him. (W). 3 • To

cause trouble. amʉ̂ ínyála kɛwán because you have brought problems to yourself (KS). See: a-dɛ́k; a-mórr ‘To insult’. 4 • To

a-inyaminyám [Chamus] v. [Chamus] To slash. Nɛ́gɨráɨ aké áainyaminyama. People just slashed each other. (C). a-inyáŋ Variant: a-inyíáŋ. v. v. To buy from; get in trade or by barter from. Káínyáŋa Mósēs. I have bought sth. from Moses. (S). Káínyáŋa ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ ɛ Mósēs. I have bought Moses' cow. (S). a-inyaŋʉ́ To buy sth. Íncooí iropiyianí meshómōī

áainyaŋʉ ɛndáa. Give away money so that food can be bought. Mainyáŋʉ ɛngárri ɛnyɛ́ amʉ̂ súújí. I will not

buy his car because it is bad. (eg. rusting, uncared for, possibly missing parts). Rrantíli ŋéjúk áyíéú náínyáŋʉ. It is a new scale that I want to buy. (SN). Ká ́nyɔ̄ɔ ̄ íyīēū nínyáŋʉ? What do you want to buy? (W). Áínyáŋák ́ kaán ɨlnyɛ́nya. I buy myself tomatoes. (W). Ááínyáŋák ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. I buy you (sg) tomatos. (W). A ́nyáŋák ́ ɨntá ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. I buy y'all tomatos. (W). Áínyáŋák ́ nɨnyɛ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. I buy him tomatos. (W). Áínyáŋák ́ nɨncɛ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. I buy them tomatoes. (W). Kínyáŋák ́ íyīē ɨlnyɛ́nya. You (sg) buy me tomatos. (W). Ínyaŋak ́ iyíóók ɨlnyɛ́nya. You (sg) buy us tomatoes. (W). Ɛinyáŋák ́ iyíóók ɨlnyɛ́nya. He buys us tomatoes. (W). Kínyáŋák ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. He buys you (sg) tomatoes. (W). Ɛinyáŋák ́ ɨntá ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. He/they buys y'all tomatoes. (W). Kínyaŋákɨ iyíé ɨlnyɛ́nya. We buy you tomatoes. (W). Kínyaŋákɨ ɨntá ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. We buy y'all tomatoes. (W). Kínyaŋákɨ nɨnyɛ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. We buy him tomatoes. (W). Ínyaŋak ́ nɨnyɛ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. You (sg) buy him tomatoes. (W). Einyáŋák ́ kaán ɨlnyɛ́nya. He buys himself tomatoes. (W). Inyáŋák ́ n ́ncɛ nɨnyɛ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. Y'all buy you tomatoes. (W). Înyaŋak ́ nɨncɛ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. You buy y'all tomatoes. (W). Ényaŋakɨt ́ átɛ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. Y'all buy yourselves tomatoes. (imperative) (W). Kínyáŋák ́ n ́ncɛ ɨlnyɛ́nya. They buy you (sg) tomatoes. (W). Ɛinyáŋák ́ nɨnyɛ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. They buy him tomatoes. (W). Ɛinyáŋák ́ iyíóók ɨlnyɛ́nya. They buy us tomatoes. (W). Ínyáŋu ɨlnyɛ́nya oshî aké. You buy tomatoes everyday. (W). Ínyáŋák ́ kaán ɨlnyɛ́nya. You buy yourself tomatoes. (W). Kínyáŋák ́ íyíé ɨlnyɛ́nya. You

buy me tomatoes. (W). Ínyaŋak ́ nɨnyɛ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. You buy him tomatoes. (W). Ínyaŋak ́ iyíóók ɨlnyɛ́nya. You buy us tomatoes. (W). Înyaŋak ́ nɨncɛ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. You buy y'all tomatoes. (W). Ínyáŋák ́ nɨncɛ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. You buy them tomatoes. (W). Einyáŋák ́ kaán ɨlnyɛ́nya. He buys himself tomatoes. (W). Áainyaŋákɨ ɨlnyɛ́nya. He/they buys me tomatoes. (W). Kínyáŋák ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. He buys you tomatoes. (W). Einyáŋák ̄ iyíóók ɨlnyɛ́nya. He buys us tomatoes. (W). Einyáŋák ́ ɨntá ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. He/they buys y'all tomatoes. (W). Einyáŋák ́ nɨncɛ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. He buys them tomatoes. (W). Ínyáŋáká Málákai ɨlnyɛ́nya. You buy/bought Malakai tomatoes. (W). Ínyáŋák ́kɨ Málákai ɨlnyɛ́nya. Y'all buy/bought Malakai tomatoes. (W). Kínyaŋákɨ iyíé ɨlnyɛ́nya. We buy you tomatoes. (W). Kínyaŋákɨ nɨnyɛ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. We buy him tomatoes. (W). Kínyaŋákɨ ɨntá ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. We buy y'all tomatoes. (W). Ínyáŋu ɨlnyɛ́nya oshî aké. You (sg) buy tomatoes everyday. (W). Ínyáŋúŋu ɨlnyɛ́nya oshî aké. Y'all buy tomatoes everyday. (W). Kínyaŋu ɨlnyɛ́nya oshî aké. We buy tomatoes everyday. (W). Kínyáŋák ́ íyīē ɨlnyɛ́nya. You (sg) buy me tomatoes. (W). Kinyaŋak ́kɨ ɨntá ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. Y'all buy me tomatoes. (W). Ínyáŋák ́kɨ nɨncɛ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. Y'all buy them tomatoes. (W). Einyáŋák ́ átɛ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. They buy themselves tomatoes. (W). Kínyáŋák ́ n ́ncɛ ɨlnyɛ́nya. They buy you tomatoes. (W). Einyáŋák ́ nɨnyɛ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. They buy him tomatoes. (W). Einyáŋák ́ iyíóók ɨlnyɛ́nya. They buy us tomatoes. (W). Áainyaŋákɨ ɨlnyɛ́nya. They/he buys me tomatoes. (W). Áínyáŋúá ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. I bought a cow. (W). Ínyáŋúá ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ ŋolé. You bought a cow yesterday. (W). Ɛɨtʉ́ inyáŋʉ ɨlnyɛ́nya ŋolé. You did not buy tomatoes

yesterday. (W). Einyáŋúá ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ ŋolé. He bought a cow yesterday. (W). Einyáŋutúá ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ ŋolé. They bought a cow yesterday. (W). Kínyaŋutúa ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ ŋolé. We bought a cow yesterday. (W). Ínyáŋutúá ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ ŋolé. Y'all bought a cow yesterday. (W). Mainyáŋʉ ɛngárri ɛnyɛ́ amʉ̂ súújí. I will not buy his car because it is bad. (eg. rusting, uncared for, possibly missing parts). (W). Áínyáŋʉ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ tááisére. I will buy a cow tommorow. (W). Ínyáŋʉ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ tááisére. You will buy a cow tommorow. (W). Einyáŋʉ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ tááisére. He will buy a cow tommorow. (W). Kínyaŋʉ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ tááisére. We will buy a cow tommorow. (W). Ínyáŋʉ́ŋʉ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ tááisére. Y'all will buy a cow tommorow. (W). Rrantíli ŋéjúk áyíéú nainyáŋʉ. It is a new scale that I want to buy. (SN). Áínyáŋʉ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. I am buying a cow. / I will buy a cow. / I buy a cow. (W). Ínyáŋʉ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. You are buying a cow. (W). Einyáŋʉ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. They/he are buying a cow. (W). Kínyaŋʉ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. We are buying a cow. (W). Ínyáŋʉ́ŋʉ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. Y'all are buying a cow. (W). Ínyáŋʉ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. You are buying a cow. (W). Áyíéú náínyáŋʉ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. I want to buy a cow. (W). Íyíéú nínyáŋʉ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. You want to buy a cow. (W). Eyíéú néínyaŋʉ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. He wants to buy a cow. (W). Kíiyíéú nékinyaŋʉ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. We want to buy a cow. (W). Íyíéúu nínyaŋʉ́ŋʉ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. Y'all want to buy a cow. (W).

buy s.o. (so as to solve a problem of poverty). Ényiaŋʉ́ ɨltʉ́ŋánák. Hire/buy people. 2 • v. To 3 • v. To

buy things from a distance or several places. See: am ́rr ‘To sell’.

ɛnk-ɨnyátɨ

Nom sg: ɛnk-

́nyati. Acc pl: ɨnk-ɨnyát. Nom pl: ɨnk-ɨnyát. n. Peel, of a tree or fruit. The smooth ɛnk-ɨnyátɨ of a young tree can

be used for making rope. ɨnkɨnyát oó nkuashên potato peels. See: ɛnk-abobóki ‘Piece of bark’.

a-inyenyé [North]

v. 1 • [North]

To slowly become thinner and

thinner. 2 • [North] To become worse and worse. 3 • [Chamus] To shake. See: a-ipirripírr; a-ɨŋʉnʉŋʉ́n; a-igusigusíé; a-iseiseiye; a-ɨpɔ́sh; a-ɨkíj ‘To shake’.

a-inyeyíé

inyî

v.prog. 1 • To

gently shake sth. (eg. to awaken a sleeping person, a dusty cloth to discern the amount of dust in it). 2 • To shake so as to make sth. stand (typically a living thing). 3 • To shake sth. until sirred up (eg. sediments in water). See: ainyenyíé ‘To shake’. Nom pl: ínyī. pn.psr. Second

person plural possessive pronoun. Ɛt́ áá apá nɨnyɛ́ ɛnkâŋ ínyī. It has become your home.

Olkékún lâŋ táatá peê eokishó inkíshu olinyî tááisére. It is our turn today for our cows to drink (water) and tomorrow is yours. (Pk).

a-ɨnyiaak ́ [North]

v. 1 • [North]

To give back to the giver sth. given to you, usually out of anger. 2 • [North] To repeat sth.

a-inyiaarí v.dir v.mid. To go towards, move to. Ɛg ́rá ́ áadam inkíshú méínyiaari ɛnkáló naiŋúáa. The cows are being turned so they go towards the direction they came from. (Pk). See: a-ló ‘To go to’; a-ɨnyaaká ‘To return sth. to its container’.

a-inyiakʉ́ v. To bring back sth. that had already passed; relapse. ainyiakʉ́ emíón to bring pain back. a-ɨnyiakʉnyɛ́ 1 • To begin to ache again (a scar). 2 • To

remember sth. bad done to one's self and revisit it again. 3 • To get back to the former position. 4 • [North] To recur.

a-inyíál v. To destroy. Éínyíálári. a-inyialak ́ 1 • To destroy for. 2 • To

insert sth. wrongly.

a-ɨnyíáŋ v. To shop, buy, trade. a-ɨnyiaŋaá v.dir. 1 • To sell out, sell away. 2 • [North]

To buy.

a-ɨnyiaŋʉ́ To buy, purchase for one's self. a-ɨny ́g v.prog. 1 • To have dry heaves. Ɛɨnyɨg ́ta ɛnkɛráí. The child is having dry heaves. 2 • [North] To hiccup. See: a-yíóg ‘To hiccup’.

a-inyinyirú [North] have sweated. (S).

a-inyó

v.s. [North]

To sweat. Ká ́ny ́ny ́ra. I

Variant: a-inyíó. IMP.SG: ínyôô. In some suffixed forms:: inyot.

rise, get up. Ényeitó! Rise up! Néjokín ɛntásat, ""Ínyôô sií íyīē shɔ́mɔ." They told a woman, "Get up and go.". IMP.PL: ényeitó. v. 1 • To

wake up. Káínyo. I have woken up. (S, KS). Ínyô! Wake up! (KS). Keinoóto. He will wake up. (eg. he is still in bed) (S). See: a-inyototó ‘To wake up’. 2 • To

a-inyoyíé v.apl. To wake s.o. up. ɨnyɔ́ɔ ́ Nom sg: ɨnyɔ́ɔ. Acc pl: ɨnɔɔ́ nyɔ́ɔ.́ Nom pl: ɨnɔ́ɔ nyɔ́ɔ.́ pn.inter. Question

word used to inquire about what a listener has not understood from the conversation; what? [Speaker 1:] Ɛtarákɨ. [Speaker 2:] Ɨnyɔ́ɔ?́ [Speaker 1:] Ɔlásʉ́ráí. [Speaker 1:] It has been killed. [Speaker 2:] What? [Speaker 1:] A snake. See: á ́nyɔ̄ɔ ̄ ‘What?’.

a-ɨnyɔrɨnyɔ́r v. To taste. See: a-ɨshám ‘To taste’. a-inyototó [Purko]: a-inyiototó. PF; SUBJN: a-inyó, -nyo. v. 1 • To wake up, get up, arise. Kéínyotóto He will wake up. (eg. he is still in bed)(S). Ekáínyótóto adé. I will wake up later.

Nɛ́manáa taá tɔ lcáni omɛtábā ánaa néínyotóto oladúóó mʉrraní. So he went around the tree until the warrior woke up. Áínyo. I'll get up. (W). Áínyo. I have woken up. Ínyo Wake up!/Stand up! Ényeitó! Rise up! Néjokiní ɛntásat, "ínyô siî íyīē shɔ́mɔ." The woman was told, "Get up and go.". Kéínyotóto He will wake up. (eg. he is still in bed)(S). Óre naá táatá ɛlɛ̂ payîân néínyotóto nɛ́ ́tɔb ̂r ɛnkapʉt ́. Now this man planned to arrange marriage negotiations [for his daughter]. (Pk). 2 • To stand up. See: a-inyó ‘To rise, wake up’; a-inyeyíé ‘To awaken s.o.’.

a-ɨŋaaŋirró

v.mid. To

be in a confused state, not sure of what you

want to do. Míntóki aɨŋaaŋirró shɔ́mɔ á ́ áló nabô. Don't be confused (of where to go) just go to one side.

a-ɨŋác [North] interrupt’.

v. [North]

To balk.

See: a-ɨŋásh ‘To

doubt;

a-ɨŋád [North] v. To separate, go apart. a-ɨŋadíé 1 • To separate from. 2 • To

a-ɨŋadɛdɛ́

refuse from.

v. This

can indicate being positioned part-way between a sitting and standing position while trying to get up, standing on tip toes, or being perched precariously on a chair.To not be in a stable sitting or standing position. Kág ́ra aɨŋadɛdɛ́ matɔn ́ta aɨtɔbɨrak ́ amʉ̂ kétíī ɔlbɛnɛ́ olórika. I am not stably sitting down because there is a bag on the chair. Eɨŋádēdīā. He was part-way between a sitting and standing position. See: ajʉjʉmá ‘To squat’.

a-iŋadedíó [North] v.mid. [North] To stand on tiptoes. Káíŋádédie. I stood on tiptoes. (S). a-ɨŋaɨŋá ́ v. To worry; be anxious. Kɛ́ ́ŋa ́ŋaɨ ɔltʉ́ŋání ́ tenéjokiní, "Ɨyɛ." A person will be worried if he is told, "you

will die".

See: a-idiyiadí ‘To

be worried; anxious’.

a-ɨŋamɨŋám Variant: a-ɨŋɔmɨŋɔ́m. v.prog. To whisper. Ɛ́ ́ŋám ́ŋám ́ta réréí. He is talking softly; murmuring (S). See: a-ɨŋɔmɨŋɔ́n ‘To

a-ɨŋamɨŋám

v.prog. To

notch’.

whisper’.

notch repeatedly.

See: a-ŋám ‘To

make a

a-ɨŋamŋamá [North] v. [North] To whisper. a-ɨŋamŋamak ́ [North] [North] To whisper into s.o.'s ear. a-ɨŋancʉmá [North] v. 1 • [North] To be stranded. 2 • [North]

surprised’.

a-ɨŋantialá

To be surprised. See: a-iŋasíá ‘To be frightened;

be stranded. Áɨŋántíálɛ mayíólo ɛnáló. I am stranded, I don't know where to go.

a-ɨŋáŋ

v.mid. To

feint. aɨŋáŋ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ To pretend to hit the cow. 2 • To start but not finish sth. because of a mental realization or feeling about the matter. aɨŋáŋ oróréí To start but not finish what one is saying. v.prog. 1 • To

give a mock name. Néíŋaŋi á ́ árná. And they will give a trial name. 4 • [North] To rain for a short period. 3 • To

a-ɨŋaraná v.mid. To be stranded. a-ɨŋárr v.prog. To join forces in doing sth. to ensure success. Ɛɨ́ ŋárrâ ɨlɔɨŋɔ́k ááré ɔlɨkâ ̂. Two bulls joined forces to fight the other one. K ́ŋarrâ áainyiaŋʉ ɛngárri. We joined

forces to buy a car. This could involve pooling money in order to afford the car, or making the decision together to be more confident it is the best decision. See: a-iríám ‘To do simultaneously’.

a-ɨŋárr v. To join in the beating of s.o.; have an unequal fight. Á ́ŋárra. I joined in an unequal fight. (S). a-ɨŋasíá [̃àɪ ̀ŋàsɪ ́á - two nal moras] [North]: a-ɨŋasɨá. [Chamus]: a-ɨŋas ́á. PF: a-

ɨŋasíé. v.mid. To wonder; be astonished, amazed, surprised.

Etorikóki enkókó Naɨrɔ́bɨ nélo aɨŋasíá tɛ nkárak ́ oó nkájíjík sapúki. The grandmother was taken to Nairobi and she was surprised because of the big buildings. Á ́ŋásia (tááisére). I will be surprised (tomorrow). (W) [This verb form cannot co-occur with ŋolé 'yesterday'; compare with the following:]. K ́ŋasia tááisére. We will be surprised tomorrow. (W). K ́ŋasia ŋolé. We were surprised yesterday. (W). K ́ŋasíátɛ. We were surprised. (W). Ɛɨŋásie ɔlpáyian. The man has been surprised. Ɛɨŋásíáyíé ɔlpayíán enkítok. The man was surprised by the woman (eg., her conduct, appearance, etc.). Á ́ŋásie dúoó́ peê aɨnɛ́pʉ tɛ súkuul. I was surprised to find him at school. Káaɨŋasîâ. [káàyŋàsyâ] Something surprised me. (S). Ká ́ŋásie. I am amazed. (SN). Kɛ́ ́ŋásiete. They were surprised. (S).

a-ɨŋasiayíé

[West]: a-ɨŋasieyíé. To

astonish, surprise, make to

wonder. Ɛɨŋásíáyíé ɨltʉ́ŋánák ɛntɔnatá ɔ́ɔ lMáásâ ̂. The Maasai way of life surprises people. Áaɨŋasíáyie. He will surprise me.

a-ɨŋasiaɨshɔ́ To be astonished, wonder, marvel. ɔltʉŋáni ɔɨŋásiaɨshɔ a person who astonishes, surprises. a-ɨŋásh v. 1 • To doubt sth. 2 • To

not carry on sth. to the end; leave sth. before completion.

a-ɨŋashɨŋásh

1 • To

keep on doubting. 2 • To walk with legs apart.

a-ɨŋát v. 1 • To not be fit by (ie. outgrow, eg. clothes). Ɛ́ ́ŋat ɛnkɛ́ráí ɨná k ́lâ tɛ nɛ́bʉlʉ. That cloth will not fit the child when she grows up. (W). Káaɨŋatâ nkílā. I have outgrown these clothes. (S) (lit: These clothes have moved away from me.). K ́ŋáta nkílā. Your clothes aren't fitting you. (S). 2 • To

́ ́ŋáta be insuffient for (ie. go without one's share). Ɨk

nkítábu. You missed your share of the books. (S). aɨŋát ɛndáâ To miss food. Ɛɨŋátʉ inkirí é nkíné tɛ nɛ́ākʉ̄ kúmok ɨltʉŋanák. Goat meat will not be enough if people become (too) many. (W). Óre ɔlɛɨtʉ̂ étûm ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ, ɛɨŋat ́shɔ inkíshu... Now the one who did not get a cow, as cows fall short...

move away from. Ɛ́ ́ŋat ɨnkɛjɛ́k áainéí ɛnkɔ́p tɛ náípid. My legs will move away from the ground when I jump. Ɛɨŋátá ɛnkɛ́jʉ ɛnkɔ́p. The leg has lifted up from the ground (eg. when running). (W). Á ́ŋátie ɛnkɛjʉ́ áí ɛnkɔ́p. I will lift my leg from the ground. (W). 3 • To

a-ɨŋataá

outdistance. Ká ́ŋátáyie. I've not caught what I was going after. (S). Áaɨŋatayiokí. The people went and I was left behind. v.dir. 1 • To

run away from; flee. Á ́ŋátáa ɔlŋátúny. I will flee from the lion. (W). Á ́ŋátáyie ɔlŋátúny. I fled from the lion. (W). Nɛ́ ́nɛpʉ ɔltásat, néjo á ́rɔ́rɔ́k ́, nɛ́ ́ŋatáa. He caught up with an old man, and he tried to greet him, but he (the old man) fled from him. Tɛnákatá aké kipúō amʉ̂ kɛ́ ́ŋatáā iyíóók. We are going immediately because he will flee from us. Máapé tɛnákatá peê mɛ́ ́ŋátāā iyíóók adé. Let us go now so that he does not flee from us in the evening. (Pk). Ɛtʉshʉrtári doí n ́nyɛ ɨlɔ̂ ashé aɨŋataá ɨlkʉlîê. That calf has leapt away to flee from others. (Pk). Ɛg ́rá ́ áaipuk áaɨŋataa é mperî. The people are busy fleeing from the famine. (Pk). Ɛg ́ra enkóílií apɛrá aɨŋataá ɔlŋátúny. The gazelle is running very fast fleeing from the lion. (Pk). 2 • To

a-ɨŋatɨk ́ v.apl. To fall short of sth. Áaŋatikíá ɛɨlatá ɛ́ ngári ɛ́ ́tʉ̂ abáya Nairobi I fell short of the car's fuel before I reached Nairobi (i.e the fuel got finished before I reached

Nairobi).

a-ɨŋataríé To move away with sth. ahead of. áa-ɨŋatarʉ v.mid v.dir. To move away from each other. a-ɨŋatíé v.apl. 1 • To take the greater share of s.o.; hog. 2 • To

take away ahead of.

cause to flee from. Áaɨŋatie ɔlŋátúny. He will make me flee from the lion. (W). Áaɨŋatíé ɔlŋátúny ŋolé. He made me flee from the lion. (W). 3 • To

a-ɨŋatɨshɔ́ v.apass. Á ́ŋát ̄shɔ̄ nanʉ́. I will flee. (W). a-ɨŋatɨŋataá v.dir. To keep on moving away from. áa-ɨŋatɨŋata To follow each other with a space in between. Ɛɨŋat ́ŋātā ɨlmʉ́rrân ɛjɨŋʉ́ ɛnkáŋ. The warriors follow each with a space in between them as they enter into the home.

a-ɨŋɛ́rr [North] v. [North] To pity, have mercy on. a-ɨŋɛrrʉ́ [North] v.dir. [North] To pity, have mercy on. a-ɨŋ ́n v. To limp. a-iŋirít v.prog. 1 • To drag, pull sth. 2 • To

scrape sth. by pulling a rough object on its surface. aiŋirtít ɛnkɨlâ tɔɔ́ lk ́kʉ To scrape /scratch the cloth with thorns.

a-iŋirtitoó To pull away. a-ɨŋ ́s [North] v. [North] To make patterns on a surface (eg. the sole of a shoe).

a-ɨŋɔdɛ́ v.prog. 1 • To stare mostly without speaking. Ɛɨŋɔd ́ta ɨltɔmíá. He/she/ it is staring at the elephants. 2 • To

rebuke, warn sternly, rebuke.

stare at with hatefull eyes; glare. Ɛg ́ra ilpáyianí áaiŋodia. The men are glaring at each other (ie. they want to 3 • To

fight each other). See: a-ɨŋɔ́r ‘To look at’.

a-ɨŋɔɨŋɔ́ ́

move slowly in a twisting motion; wiggle. Restrict: Animate. This is a slow and twisted motion, such as made by a worm. It can also refer to any slight movement made by a big animal, when it is a sleep or almost dying. See: ɔl-aiŋóiŋói ‘Type of worm’.

a-ɨŋɔ́l

v.prog. To

v. 1 • To

stir a liquid; agitate. 2 • [North] To comb (a place) in search of sth.; search thoroughly.

a-ɨŋɔlɨŋɔ́l 1 • To stir a liquid or a thick substance. aɨŋɔlɨŋɔ́l oloshoró To stir porridge. 2 • To

a-ɨŋɔlá

keep stirring, stir constantly. 3 • To disturb the public peace; be loud and rough; be rowdy. aɨŋɔlɔŋɔ́l olórere To disturb the people's peace. aɨŋɔlɨŋɔ́l nkugwána To 'stir up' a meeting; cause chaos in a meeting to try to stop it (S). v. 1 • To

be playful. 2 • To have duties in lots of places; travel a lot to take care of responsibilities; be peripatetic. 3 • To be unstable. The unstability is a matter of fact, and can be good or bad.

a-ɨŋɔlɨŋɔ́l

v. 1 • To

stir a liquid, or a thick substance like porridge. 2 • To stir people up; be roudy, rile up.

a-ɨŋɔlɨŋɔ́l nkugwána To 'stir up' a meeting; cause chaos in a meeting to try to stop it.

See: a-ɨŋɔ́l ‘To

stir’.

a-ɨŋɔmɨŋɔ́m v. To whisper. áa-ɨŋɔmɨŋɔma To whisper together. a-ɨŋɔmɨŋɔmak ́ To whisper to s.o. See: a-ɨŋamɨŋamá ‘To whisper’.

a-iŋoŋú v. To inhale the odor of sth. close to one's nose; smell. Ɛg ́ra oldîâ aiŋoŋú ɛmpɔ́pɔk. The dog is smelling the

odor of the carcass. Syn: a-ɨsʉmataá ‘To inhale the odor of; smell’. See: a-iŋuayá ‘To smell’.

a-ɨŋɔpá [North] v.mid. [North] To be out of sight, unnoticed. a-ɨŋɔpʉ́ v. To lag behind. Syn: a-isiadʉ́ ‘To remain’. ɔ-ɨŋɔ́pua n. Remnant (lit: the one that lagged (or left) behind). See: a-ɨŋɔpʉ́ ‘To

lag behind’.

a-ɨŋɔ́r In some suffixed forms; PF; SUBJN: -ɨŋʉr(r). v.prog. 1 • To look at or after. Ká ́ŋɔ́r ́ta nkálámu. I'm looking at the pen. (S). Áaɨshɔɔ́ náají ɔlashʉmpáí ɛntarubíni ɛnyɛ́ maɨŋórie iltomíá oóokito ɛnkárɛ́. The European gave me his binoculars to observe elephants drinking water. Á ́ŋʉ́ra asɨpʉ́ olêŋ ajó ḿmɛ nɨnyɛ́ ɨlɔ̂. I have scrutinized him to ensure that he is ́ not the one. Ɨŋʉrá siî íyíé ɛldɛ̂ mʉ́rráni óyiap tenélo. Look at that warrior who walks hastily and springingly. Áaŋɔrɨtâ nkúusîn. The cats are looking at me. (S).

care for, look after. Ká ́ŋɔ́r ́ta inkíshú. I'm looking after cows. 3 • To see. See: a-dɔ́l ‘To see’. 4 • To search out using the mind. 2 • To

a-ɨŋɔrá

face towards one-another. to a challenge’.

a-ɨŋɔraá

v.mid. To

See: a-ɨr

́sh ‘To face-up

v.dir. This

does not mean physically looking upwards.To go and look at sth.; go and check on in order to find; look through things in order to find sth.; "look up".

a-ɨŋɔrʉ́ v.dir. To look for. Etíī ɨnkɛ́râ enkigúran tiáúluo áaiŋoruno. The children are playing hide-and-seek outside the kraal. Nɛ́ra intókitin nílō aɨŋɔrʉ́ oŋúán. The things you are going to look for are four. Ɛt́ áá kíŋórua ɛmp ́d ́ŋ. You have looked for the back of my neck. (KS). Ká ́ŋɔ́rʉ enkóítóí nátúmíé iropiyianí. I'll look for a way to get the money.

a-ɨŋɔrʉŋɔrʉ́ To keep on looking for sth. a-iŋuaá Variant: a-iŋúár. [North]: ɨŋʉaá. [Chamus]: ɨŋʉáá. v. 1 • To leave, leave alone, leave behind. Kéíŋúaa entitó ɛnkáŋ ɛnyɛ̂ nélo mɛ́yamɨ. A girl will leave her home and go to be married. (Pk). Áítúŋúāā ɛnɛshál arík énétóyíó. I will

make him/her leave (the place) that is wet and go to that which is dry. (Pk). Tɔ́bɔɨnʉ́ ɛldɛ̂ áshê tárâ níŋúáá ɔlɔ́ ́bɔ̄r. [tàrà] Bring that spotted calf and leave the white one. (Pk). Etuŋúáyie apá entitó ɛnkáŋ ɛnyɛ̂ nélo mɛ́yamɨ. The girl had left her home and gone to be married. (Pk). Etuŋúáyie inkíshú ɨnâ kítok nɛ́mɛ́áta ɛlʉ́kʉ́nyá. That irresponsible woman has left the cows. (W). Etuŋúáyiokí kʉlɛ́ naáyiará mɛtádokú. The milk that is boiling has been left to spill over. (Pk). Kɛ́tʉ́ŋáyie. He has left it alone. (S). come from. Ɛg ́rá ́ áadam inkíshú mɛ́ ́nyiari ɛnkáló naiŋúáa. The cows are being turned so they go towards the direction they came from. Káji eiŋúaa? Where does he come from? Néjokí, "Káji íŋúāā?" Néjokí, "Ká ́m ́na dúóó." He said to him, "Where do you come from?" He answered, "I was lost.". Nájó ádɔ́l kóre ɨmbáa kúmok néíŋúaa embólúnotó e oŋúán. I saw that a lot of items [questions on an exam] came from chapter four. (W). 2 • To

a-ɨŋuak ́ v.dat. [North] To let go of. áa-iŋuaro v.pl v.mid. To leave each other. See: a-pál ‘To leave’; alotú ‘To come (move toward)’; a-dúŋ síádí ‘To go to the opposite direction’.

a-iŋuayá v.dir. To sense the smell of sth. not close to your nose. Káíŋúáya nkírí náápejó. I smell roasted meat. (S). Áíŋúáyie esoŋoúna oó nkírí naápejitôî. I am smelling

an aroma of meat that is being roasted. (Pk). See: a-ŋóú ‘To have

the smell of sth. come to you’; a-ŋú ‘To stink’; a-iŋoŋú ‘To get the smell of sth.’.

a-iŋuɛɨk ́

[North]: a-iŋuaak .́ Variant: a-ŋʉɛk .́ v. 1 • To

let go, let loose of sth. one is holding. Túŋuɛk ́ oldîâ mekúɛ́ta. Let the dog run. bequeath; entrust to s.o., leave with. Kiŋúɛ́kɨ ɨntá ́ eseríánī. We leave peace with you (C). Kíŋúɛ́kɨ kʉnâ kɛ́ra ɨnká ́k inóno. We leave these children in your hands. (C). Eiŋúɛ́k ̄ ɔltásât ɔlayíóni lɛnyɛ́ inkíshú tɛnɛ́ ́rʉra The old man will bequeath/leave with his son the cows when he sleeps (dies). Kááíŋúɛ́k ́ ɛlɛ́ bɛ́nɛ́ táatá peê alotú ayá táaisére I will leave this bag with you today so that I come for it tomorrow. Kááíŋúɛ́k ́ ɛnâ kɨlá tɔrrɔ́nɔ̂ amʉ̂ mayíéú. I will leave this no-good cloth with you because I don't want it. See: a-ɨŋuaá ‘To leave alone’. 2 • To

a-ɨŋún v. To make a short, jerky motion. a-iŋuníé v.inst. To make sth. move in a short jerky motion. a-ɨŋʉnʉŋʉ́n v. To shake because of instability; rock; wiggle. For

example, a post, a tooth about to fall out, an insect -- but not of a person. Ɛg ́ra ɔlcáni aɨŋʉnʉŋʉ́n. The tree is shaking.

a-iŋunuŋuníé To shake, jerk, rock sth. See: a-ipirripírr; a-ɨpɔ́sh; a-igusugús; a-iseiseiyíé; a-inyenyíé; a-ɨkíj ‘To shake’.

a-ɨŋʉ́ny

v. 1 • To

utter a word of grumbling; complaining. 2 • [North] To hum.

a-ɨŋʉnyʉŋʉ́ny To keep on complaining; grumble quietly. Ɛɨŋʉnyʉŋʉny ́ta. He is grumbling quietly. ɔltʉŋáni ɔɨŋʉnyʉ́ŋʉny person who is grumbling, complaining habitually.

a-ɨŋʉnyʉ́ŋ 2 • To

v. 1 • To

reproach.

murmur, whisper, complain, grumble.

a-ɨŋʉnyʉŋʉ́ny [North] v. [North] To murmur. a-ɨŋʉ́r [Chamus]: ɨŋʉ́rr. v.subjn. To look at (subjunctive). See: a-ɨŋɔ́r(r) ‘To look at’.

a-ɨŋʉráá v.dir. [North]: a-ɨŋʉraá. 1 • To look at. Ág ́ra aɨŋʉráá ɨntarɛ́. I am checking for/looking at the sheep. (W). Á ́ŋúráa ɨntarɛ́. I will/Iˈm going to check on the sheep. (W).

find out. Ɛg ́ra iláyiok áatɛma áɨŋʉraa ajó kálɔ̂ ógol. The boys are trying each other to find out which is strong. See: a-ɨŋɔ́r ‘To look at’. 2 • To

a-iŋurríé

v.inst. 1 • To

2 • [West]

pity, feel mercy for, have compassion with.

To prefer, favor. Shɔ́mɔ ́rrɨtá inkíshú táatá;

íŋurríé Kónené amʉ̂ ɛɨrr ́ta inkíshú inkóloni kúmok. Go look after cows today; favor Konene (ie. help

him especially) because he has been looking after cows for so many days. (W). Áatiaká ŋolé maiŋúrrie Sárah. He told me yesterday to prefer Sarah. (W). Áíŋúrrie Sárah. I will prefer Sarah. (W). Áíŋúrrie ŋolé Sárah. I preferred Sarah yesterday. (W). See: ol-ŋûrr ‘Mercy’.

a-iŋusíl

v. To

smell’.

a-iŋuyúm

smell bad, stink, reek.

See: ol-ŋúsíl ‘Smell’; a-ŋú ‘To

v. To

make s.o. stay or sit temporarily for a rest or in wait of sth. aiŋuyúm ɔltʉŋáni To make a person rest. Íŋuyumó ɨnkɛ́ra to lóîp amʉ̂ ɛnaʉ́ratɛ. Make the children rest in the shade because they are tired.

a-iŋuyumó v.mid. To stay or sit temporarily for a rest or in wait of sth. Áíŋúyúmō to lóîp amʉ̂ ánáʉ́rɛ. I rest in the shade because I am tired. Áíŋúyúme ŋolé. I rested yesterday. Íŋuyumoyú! Rest / sit down! See: a-tɔ́n ‘To stay; sit down’. a-ɨɔtɨɔ́t [North]: a-ɨwɔtɨwɔ́t. v. To infect. Ɛg ́ra ɔlbáɛ aɨɔtɨɔ́t. The

wound is getting infected. (Pk).

a-ɨɔtɨɔtá

îp

be infected. Ká ́wɔtɨwɔ́tɛ. I have been infected. (S). This could be said when a wound swells after several days, it becomes pussy, the pain increases and the area affected widens. 2 • To become muddy. See: a-tír ‘to infect’. v.mid. 1 • To

ipkát tɔ́mɔ̂n thousand (lit: hundred times ten). îp tɔ́mɔ̂n kát îp aré [íp tɔ̀mɔ̀n kát ìp àré] two hundred

num. Hundred.

thousand (lit: ten hundren times two hundred).

íp nabô [North] [North] One hundred. ́p arɛ́ [North] [North] Two hundred. îp inkúyú num. Countless; more than can be counted. Îp inkúyú ɨlántɛ́rɛra lɔ́ s ́nyáí. The grains of sand are countless. ́pa [West]: ápa. greeting. Appropriate answer to sʉ́pa(ī). ́pa

See: íkó ‘Greeting

response from a woman’.

[West]: áápa. greeting. Appropriate

answer to sʉ́pa(ī); said by men, women, children. Áápa! Hello! (greeting response from a man) (W). See: íkó ‘Greeting response from a woman’.

a-ɨpaaŋʉ́ a-ɨpaayá

v. To

v. To

have diarrhoea.

send s.o. away to do or bring sth.; send on an ́ ŋáí íyie peê kímpááyā? Who are you to send errand. Ɨrá me (to get it)? [rude] (W). Áípááyie ɛnkɛ́ráí ɛndâ áŋ. I ́ have sent a child to that home. Ɨmpaáí. Send her/him. Áaipaakak ́ ɔlɔmɔ́nɨ. A visitor has been sent to me. ́ Manyɔ́r ɛnk ́páárotó. I don't like being sent. Ɨmpááká? Did you send her/him to him/her?

a-ɨpakʉ́ To send s.o. to. See: a-rɛ́ʉ́ ‘To send’; a-ɨrrɨwaá ‘To send’. a-ɨpác [North]1 v. [North] To churn (eg. butter). See: a-ɨpásh [North] ‘To churn’.

a-ɨpác [North]

v. [North]

To shake loose (eg. a tied-up goat).

a-ɨpacá [North]

v.mid. [North]

To move to and fro restlessly (eg. from one job to another). See: a-ɨpák ‘To wander aimlessly’.

a-ɨpadán v. Hit the target or goal, as intended. Ɛ́ ́padán ɔlmʉrraní ɔ́tɨl ɔlŋátúny The warrior who hit the lion is a "good shot". Ɛɨpádan ɨlɔ̂ mʉrraní ́nâ mótonyî. That warrior will precisely shoot that bird. (W). Ɛɨpádán ̄shɔ̄ ɨlɔ̂ mʉrraní That warrior is a sharp-shooter (always). (W). ɔltʉŋáni ɔɨpádan person who hits the target as intended. See: pádán ‘Skilled,

sharp-shooter’; a-tár ‘To be skilled’.

a-ɨpagʉ́ v. To have a nap. a-ɨpák Variant: a-ɨpa. v. 1 • To perform (any) dance. ɔlapá sínkólīō lɛ́ nk ́páátá, k ́mpakie apá k ́râ ɨlayíok. the old song for the dancing ceremony, we use it to dance when we were boys. 2 • To dance before a raid; march forward hopping in a traditional dance. 3 • [North] To go from one place to another; patrol. 4 • [North] To wander roaming aimlessly.

a-ɨpaá v.mid. To be dancing. a-ɨpakíé v.apl. To make dance. a-ɨpakɨpák v. 1 • To be restless, going form one place to another. 2 • To

a-ɨpáŋ

speak too much and not tell the truth.

exit. Níyoóki aɨpaŋíé entítō inó. Very early you will exit with your girl. Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aiwuaŋíé ɔltîm peê ɛɨpáŋ intárɛ. The woman is removing the (last of) the gate branches so that the goats/sheep may go. (Pk). v. 1 • To

́ reach final extent or termination point. Ɨncɨmɨshɨmákɨ aɨtɛrʉ́ ɔlkɨdɔŋɔ́ɨ ɔmɛshɔ́mɔ aɨpáŋ tɛ lʉkʉnyá. Pierce me starting from the tail up to the end of the head. (KS). 2 • To

a-ɨpaŋak ́

1 • To

appear to. 2 • [North] To advance on, arrive at. 3 • [North] To run into sth.

a-ɨpaŋʉ́ To come out; appear from. See: a-ipúŋ ‘To exit’; shɔmɔ ‘gone’.

a-ɨpaŋɨpáŋ

pant. 2 • To go out repeatedly.

a-ɨpár

v. 1 • To

question, ask, inquire. Ká ́pár ́ta lomón. I'm asking sth. (S). Ká ́par Leonard tanáa kélotú táísere. I will ask Leonard if he can come tomorrow. (S). Káypára. I have asked him. (S). Mpárá. Ask him! (S). See: a-ikilikúán ‘To ask’. v.prog. To

a-ɨparaá [North] inquiry.

v.dir. [North]

To trace a person through

a-ɨparak ́ [North] [North] To direct s.o. to. a-ɨparɨpár To interrogate, question constantly. a-ɨparʉ́ v.dir. To ask for one's self. a-ɨparraár v. To move about aimlessly. See: a-ló ‘To go’. a-ɨpásh [North] v. [North] To churn. See: a-ɨpɔ́sh ‘To churn’. a-ipashá [North] v. v. [North] To wander off due to mental

problems. This could be said of people or animals. 2 • v. [North] To not give up a fight that has been broken off; hold a grudge.

a-ɨpatɨpát

do things aimlessly with a lot of haste and not reasoning. This is commonly associated with a lot of talking, not thinking of what to say, and not minding about protocol. Meyíéú n ́mpat ́pat, tábarak ́ ɨmbáa. You don't need to do things aimlessly, do things with thoughtfullness.

a-ɨpɛɛ́j

v.prog. To

v. To

show off, display proudly, act ostentatiously or pretentiously. Ɛ́ ́pɛ́ɛj́ ʉ́nyɛ̂ ɨlmʉ́rrân ɛmányátá. Warriors

have walked ostentatiously into the ceremonial home. ɑɨpɛɛ́j osínkólio To sing ostentatiously. See: a-dɛɛ́ny ‘To act proud’; aɨtɔkɔɔ́s ‘To show off; flirt’; a-ŋɨdá ‘To be proud’; a-ɨká ‘To be suspended; puffed up’; a-ɨtaakunó ‘To pretend’.

a-ɨpɛɛjá a-ɨpɛɛjarí

v.mid. To

flirt.

v.dir v.mid. To

carefully’.

a-ipɛ́k1

v. 1 • To

a-ɨpɛ́k2

v. 1 • To

walk ostentatiously.

See: a-ɨkadɨkád ‘To

walk

coax or nag s.o. to continue a behavior.

2 • To

give an animal pain to make it care for its young. This is done on the rare occasion that an animal despises its young. In S, the method varies by the animal as follows: for cows, air is blown into the the birth canal. For goats, their tail is shoved tightly into the birth canal, and perhaps a strap is tied tightly in the mouth. For sheep, the mouth is tied tighly with a strap, and the animal is tethered, and not allowed to graze for a day or so. In Pk, this is done by putting salt into the birth canal of a cow, or putting salt on the young of a sheep or goat. See: ɛn-k ́tɛ́ŋ k ́pɛkɛ́ ‘calfless cow’. 2 • To

a-ɨpɛ́ny

jeer. Ɛ́ ́pɛk. He will jeer.

make a sound by blowing on your wrist.

v. 1 • To

press hard. 2 • [North] To keep on milking even when it seems the milk has stopped flowing from the cow's teats.

a-ɨpɛnyak ́ To milk for s.o. See: a-aarak ́ ‘To coerce; kill for’. a-ɨpɛrdɛ́d v. To tear into shreds. See: a-ɨpɛ́rr ‘To split sth.’; apɛrdɛ́d ‘To cut into shreds’.

a-ɨpɛrɛrɛ́

be on an elevated or high place. be on an edge (eg. of a cliff)’. 2 • [North] To be flat.

a-ɨpɛrɨpɛ́r

v. 1 • To

v. 1 • To

roll sth. over and over. 2 • To wallow. See: a-ɨpɛrrɨpɛ́rr ‘To roll sth.’.

See: a-ɨkarɛrɛ́ ‘To

a-ɨpɛrɨpɛrá

v.mid. 1 • To

lie on a bed with motive of not sleeping. 2 • To be restless in bed, toss, roll over and over, roll around.

a-ɨpɛrɨpɛraá v.dir. To roll sth. away. a-iperiperíé v.inst. To use sth. to roll sth. on the ground. enk-iperût n. Upper edge of the house where the roof joins the walls.

a-ɨpɛ́rr

split sth. aɨpɛrrʉ́ sóít to break off a piece of stone from a boulder (SN). Ká ́pɛ́rra. I have split it. (S). See: a-danyʉ́ ‘To split’; a-rɛ́k ‘To split’. Variant: ipér. v. To

a-ɨpɛrrɨpɛ́rr v.prog. To keep on splitting (eg. wood) into smaller pieces. Á ́pɛ́rr ́pɛ́rrɨta. I keep on splitting it. a-iperriperríé v.inst. To use sth. to split sth. a-ɨpɛrrɨpɛ́rr1 Variant: a-ɨpɛrɨpɛ́r. v.prog. 1 • To roll sth. on a horizontal surface. Á ́pɛ́r ́pɛ́rɨta. I am rolling it on top of a surface. 2 • To make sth. lie on a horizontal surface. aɨpɛrrɨpɛ́rr ɛnkɛ́ráí tɛ ndapásh To make the child lie on the bed. 3 • To take care of animals around the homestead. aɨpɛrrɨpɛ́rr ɨntaré tɛ aúluo To take care of the sheep around in (the vicinity of) the homestead. (Pk).

beat. Usage: Metaphorical. Nɛ́ ́pɛrɨpɛrr ́ ɛnkayíóni naɨmal ́mala. A boy that has erred was beaten. 4 • To

5 • [North]

To split into pieces. See: a-ɨpɛ́rr ‘To split sth.’; aɨpɛrrɨpɛ́rr ‘To roll sth.’.

a-ɨpɛrrɨpɛ́rr2 v.prog. To keep on splitting (eg. wood) into smaller pieces. Á ́pɛ́rr ́pɛ́rrɨta. I keep on splitting it. a-iperriperríé v.inst. To use it to split. a-ipíd v.prog. 1 • To jump up and quickly land back onto a supporting surface. Note: A-ipíd is appropriate for the actions of monkeys from one tree to another, a person who almost stepped on a snake, etc

Éípid. He will jump. É ́pid ɛntárgéetî tɔɔ́ nkʉj ́t A grasshopper keeps on jumping in the grass. Éípídó ɔlmʉrraní arisioré encani The warrior has jumped to the height of a tree. Áípídíto. I am jumping. Átódúaa ɔyɛ́kɛny oipidíto tɔɔ́ lkeék. I have seen a baboon jumping from tree to tree. Ímpidó. Jump! (W). Usage: In K, a-ipíd is the hypernym for at least a- ́d, a-itiám, a-dʉmʉ́, a-igís, and a-láŋ.. See: acʉtʉnyɛ́; a-ɨdɨɨdá [North] ‘To jump’; a-dookí ‘To jump into’; adʉmʉ́; a-igís ‘To jump, as in dance’; a- ́d ‘To jump over’; a-ɨpɨr ́ [North] ‘To jump, as in dance’; a-itíám ‘To hop, jump to different spot’; a-ɨt ́r ‘[North] To jump a long distance’; a-láŋ ‘To step or jump over’; a-ŋoró ‘[North] To jump’. change one's mind after an agreement. Ímpidó m ́nyɔrráa aké aás ́nâ. You need to change your mind, don't agree to do that. 3 • [North] To struggle loose. 2 • To

a-ipidokí To jump for, to, on. Eipídōkī olówuaru ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. The beast will jump on a cow. Áaipidóki. He is jumping on me.

a-ipidipíd To jump repeatedly. a-ɨp ́d [North] v. [North] To straighten. a-ɨpɨdá [North] v.mid. 1 • [North] To be straight physically. 2 • [North]

To be upright morally. 3 • [North] To be clear, understandable. 3 • [North] To be confirmed, attested.

a-ɨpɨdak ́ [North]

v.dat. 1 • [North]

a-ɨpɨdar ́ [North]

1 • [North]

To steer toward. 2 • [North] To speak clearly, forthrightly.

a-ipiíp

2 • [North]

To be straight.

To go straight.

be in flames. Eipiipíto ɛnk ́ma. The fire is burning. Ɛg ́ra ɔlchátā aipiíp. The stick/firewood is v.prog. Restrict: fire. To

burning.

See: a-yupuyúp ‘To

be in flames’; a-péj ‘To burn; roast’.

a-ɨp ́k v. To protrude, stick out; sprout. Ɨlálá aáre ɔɔ́ ́pɨkʉ bɔɔ́ ɛáta olbitír. A warthog has two tusks that project conspicuously outside. (Pk).

a-ɨpɨkʉ́ To extend out, project outward. Ɛɨp ́kʉ. It will sprout. Ɛɨp ́kʉ ɨlalá lólbītīr. The teeth of the warthog extend out.

See: a-bʉ́l ‘To

increase, sprout’.

coil; twist. Ɛ́ ́pɨl inkítuaak ɨnkɔɨpɨlaní. Women coil beaded-necklaces. 2 • To initiate a clever deceptive manouvre intended to oppose sth. Ɛɨpɨl ́ta ɔltásât ɨmbáa ɔ́lcámpa amʉ̂ meyíéú nɛ́ɨmákɨn ́. The old man is indirectly opposing the issues about the land because he doesn't want them discussed.

a-ɨp ́l

v. 1 • To

a-ɨpɨlá v.mid. Variant: a-ɨpɨrá. 1 • To be coiled; twisted. Kɛ́ ́p ́la ɛná ɔɨpɨláí aɨtɔbɨrak ́. This coiled beaded necklace has been coiled properly. 2 • To have a clever deceptive maneuver to derail a certain action. See: a-mɛrrɛgɛ́l; a-mɛrrɛgɛlá ‘To twist’; ɛnk-ɔ́ ́p ́láí ‘A coiled beaded ornament’.

a-ɨpɨlɨp ́l v. 1 • To thrive; flourish. Kɛ́ ́pɨl ́pɨl imbenék óō lkeék tɛnɛ́sha The leaves from trees will flourish when it rains. 2 • To

twist repeatedly. 3 • To flash, flicker, shine from reflected light.

a-ipím

v. To

a-ɨp ́r1

v.prog. 1 • To

measure, weigh. tɛ́m ‘To measure’.

Borrowed word: Swahili

pima 'measure'. See: a-

́ face. Ɨmpɨrá Karen. Face towards Karen.

head in a certain destination, go towards. Ɛshɔmɔ́ aɨp ́r oldóínyó. He went towards the hill. (W). Á ́p ́r ́ta ídía áló ɛ Tanzania. I am heading to Tanzania. 2 • To

3 • To

be directly overhead. Restrict: Sun. Ɛ́ ́pɨr ɛnkɔ́lɔŋ. It is

midday. (lit: The sun is up above.).

aim, direct sth. Ɛtaŋoróyie ɛnkáyíóní eremét aipiríé ɔlcaní. The boy has thrown the spear towards the tree. Eipiríé ɔláíyíóní eremét enetií ɔltɔ́mɛ́ káke ɛɨtʉ́ eŋoróo. The boy aimed the spear in the direction the elephant is, but he did not throw it. (W). 5 • [North] To chase for a along time, without catching. Káɨpɨrá ltɔmɛ́. The elephant chased me a long time (but didn't catch me.) (S). 6 • To concern. 7 • To confront. 4 • To

a-ɨpɨrarɛ́

be concerned with; responsible for. 2 • To be direct to; opposite to. 3 • To be directly behind sth. such that one is not visible.

a-ipiríé

1 • To

1 • To

direct to; aim with. 2 • To exchange with.

a-ɨpɨrʉ́ To direct towards the point of reference. See: a-ɨpɨrtá ‘To a-ɨp ́r2

be concerning’; a-ipiríé ‘To aim with’; a-m ́r ‘To chase’. Variant: a-ɨp

́rr. v.prog. 1 • To roll a stick rapidly between the palms of the hand; stir vigorously. Ɛɨp ́r ́ta pápaáí inkiwúó. My father is stirring the soup. (W). This is done by rotating a stick attached to a wide piece of wood between the palms. Ɛɨp ́r ́ta kʉlɔ̂ páyianí ɛnk ́má. These men are making fire. Ɛɨp ́r ́ta ɛnk ́má. They are making a fire by rotating sticks rapidly between the palms. (W). aɨpɨrrɨp ́rr To continue the palm action for an extended period of time. See: ɔl-k ́pɨrɛ ‘Whisk’. 2 • [North] To rub sth. folded inside a cloth between the palms of the hands, in order to break or mix it well (eg. red ocher). Note: A similar word is found in Oromo (Boranaa, Orma, Waata lects), kibirre 'stick used to stir milk into butter' (Stroomer 1987:344). It is uncertain in which direction the borrowing took

place.

a-ɨpɨrá [North]

To whirl. 2 • [North] To be wild, out of control.

a-ɨpɨrarɛ́

v.mid. 1 • [North]

v.mid v.inst. 1 • To

be opposite.

stand behind sth. Ɛɨp ́rarɛ oyékenyî ɔlcaní nɛ́ākʉ̄ moókīrē itumóki atodúaa. The baboon has moved behind the tree so you can no longer be able to see it. 2 • To

a-ipirdán [North]

To play. 2 • [North] To run around aimlessly, as a young child or calf. 3 • To do things carelessly, jokingly, flippantly. See: a-ipirrár ‘To run around aimlessly’; a-dalá ‘To play, to joke’.

a-ɨpɨr ́ [North]

v. 1 • [North]

v. [North]

To jump; jump during dancing. See: aigís ‘To jump, as in dancing’; a-dʉmʉ́; a-itíám; a- ́d; a-ipíd ‘To jump’.

a-ipiríé v. To send sth. in a particular direction (lit: to aim with). Impírīē nkíshú ni. Send the cows in that direction. (S). See: a-ɨp

́r ‘To aim’.

a-ipirinyaány [North]

v. [North]

To have a taste or effect that makes the tongue become rough (e.g. such as caused by unripe fruits or chewing the peel of certain fruits).

a-ipiripír v. 1 • To shake off (eg. dust from a cloth). Áípírípíríto ɔlkáráshá. I am shaking off (the dust from) the sheet. 2 • [North]

shake’.

To shake the head from side to side. See: a-ɨpɔ́sh ‘To

a-ipiripiroó

shake off from. aipiripiroó entérít To shake off the dust.

a-ipiripirú

v.dir. To

empty (eg. a flour sack of its contents). Note: For SN (sl), this is clearly a "weak" or single r and +ATR. He does not have a non-reduplicated form *fv:a-ipír (nor *fv:a-ipírr)

a-ipirís

v.dir. To

v.itr. To

give willingly and freely.

a-ipirisíē To give willingly and freely. a-ɨpɨrtá v. 1 • To be about; concerning. Ékíiyíéú siî níkiyiolóu ɨndamunót ɔɔ́ lMáásâ ̂ ánaa oltúrrúr tɔɔ́ ɨmbáâ náaɨpɨrta empúkúnotó ɔ́ ltʉŋáni. We also want to learn

about how Maasai people as a group think about character. (lit: We also want to know thoughts of the Maasai as a group about issues concerning type of person.). 2 • To aim at. See: a-ɨp ́r ‘To face’.

a-ɨpɨrʉ́

v. 1 • To

invent; originate. 2 • To make fire with firesticks; kindle. See: a-ɨp ́rr ‘To stir vigorously’. 3 • To sift by beating a powder on a cloth with a club, over another cloth, such that the fine, soft powder falls through. This is done to ochre, which is then used for beads and warriors' hair. Ká ́pɨrʉ́ta. I'm beating the ochre. See: -núá ‘To kindle fire’; aɨnɔ́k ‘To kindle fire’; mpíróí ‘firemaker’.

a-ipiruníé [North]

v.dir v.mid. [North]

one main vertical trunk.

a-ipirrárr

To grow straight up with

run around aimlessly, like a child or calf; frolic, skip. Kɛ́ ́pɨrrarr ́ta láshaʉ. The calves are jumping around. (SN). 2 • To fly up, jump up. See: a-ipirdán ‘To run around aimlessly’.

a-ipirrí

v. 1 • To

v. gallop.

run fast; gallop. Áípírri. I am running. (W). Ímpírri. You are running. (W). Kímpirri. We are running. (W). Ímpírrírri. Y'all are running. (W). Eipírri. They are running. (W). Áípírrīō ŋolé. I ran yesterday. (W). Ímpírrīō ŋolé. You ran yesterday. (W). Eipírrīō ŋolé. He ran yesterday. (W). Eipírrieitô ŋolé. They ran yesterday. (W). Ímpírríó tɔ́tɔ́naǃ Because you have run sit down! (K) Run and sit! (W). 1 • To

Ímpirríó ́yaʉ́ ɛnkárɛ́! [ḿpìríó] Go and get water quickly! Eipírríó osíkíria aló áŋ. The donkey galloped home. Ɛáta ɨná kɛráí ɛlʉ́kʉnyá amʉ̂ eipírríó sokóni néshukúnye eitu elo aɨmalɨmál. That child is responsible because she ran to the market and returned without going to goof off. (W). Áípírri tɛ́nakatá. I am running right now. (W). Áípírríó aɨlány ɛncán. I ran away from rain. See: a-kúɛ́t ‘To run away’; a-ɨŋát ‘To run away’; a-ɨs ́k ‘To escape’. 2 • [North] To run a short distance. fly. Eipírríó emótonyî. The bird flew away. See: a-ló ti aí ‘To fly’; a-itiamá ‘To fly’. 3 • To

4 • To

flinch; be unable to bear the pain of the knife during ́ íɛ́ŋ ɨlaɨbarták ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ te néípirri circumcision. Ɛy oláyíóní. The newly circumcised men will slaughter a cow when the boy cannot bear the pain of being circumcised. 5 • [North] To jump up and down (as in dancing).

a-ɨpɨrrɨk ́ [North] 2 • [North]

a-ipirripírr

v.dat. 1 • [North]

To charge at sth.

To run toward s.o. quickly.

shake an item so as to remove sth. from it (dirt, liquid, etc.), shake off; empty by shaking. aipirripír ɨnkɨlání aaraá entérít To shake off the dust from the cloth. Kéípiripírō. He shook himself. (eg. an animal shaking itself dry) (S). 2 • To change for the better (lit: to shake off the bad). Kéípiripíre. He was bad, but became good. (S). This could be said of a thin/healthy contrast, as well as a moral one. See: a-ɨpɔ́sh; a-ɨŋʉnʉŋʉ́n; a-igusugusíé; a-iseiseyíé ‘To shake’.

ipkát tɔ́mɔ̂n

v.prog. 1 • To

[ìpkát tɔ̀mɔ̀n] num. Thousand

See: ɛn-catá ‘Thousand’.

a-ɨpɔɨpɔ́ ́

(lit: hundred times ten).

v. To

handle an animate but vulnerable creature lightly ́ and carefully so as not to damage it. Ɨmpɔɨpɔyá ɛnkɛ́ráí kɨt ́. Handle the little baby with great care.

a-ɨpɔɨpɔyʉ́ 1 • To nurture. Nɛ́ ́pɔɨpɔyʉn ́ ɛnkɛ́ráí mɛtʉ́bʉlʉ́. So the child is cared for with great care so that she grows up.

́ bring carefully. Ɨmpɔɨpɔyʉ́ ɛnkɛ́ráí ́yakákɨ. Bring the child carefully to me. See: a-ramát ‘To take care of’. 2 • To

a-ipók v. 1 • To cleanse ritually, purify. Kéípok inkítuaak ɛnkají natoíshore enkítok peê étûm ɨlpáyianí áatɨjɨŋ. Women ritually clean a house used for delivering [a baby] by a woman so that men could get in. Éípok. He will cleanse ritually. Áípok. He will cleanse ritually. (W).

2 • [North]

To paint a calabash or hide with charcoal to make it look black.

a-ipók n-kají To ritually cleanse the house. a-ipók nk-ɔ́shɛkɛ To nurture a sick person by giving a-ɨpɔ́k

specialized foods. v. 1 • To

2 • [North]

wound by stabbing.

To jab. Kɛ́ ́puaa. He has jabbed it. (S).

a-ipokú v.vent. To wipe water off a surface. aipokú ɛnkárɛ́ natíī ɛndápásh to wipe off water that is on the bed. a-ɨpɔlɔsá v.mid. To recite by giving an account describing incidents

or events. This is done by warriors who are in the meat-eatingcamp in the bush. One warrior at a time will wake up at dawn and walks out of the camp and starts recital describing what they have gone through, their triumphs.

ɛn-kɨpɔlɔ́sa

warriors.

n. Recital

made in the meat-eating-camp by

a-ɨpɔ́ny v. To knock against, bump into, push. Ɛ́ ́pɔ́nyá oldîâ láí ɛngárrî. A car has bumped into/hit my dog. (PK). The dog could be dead as a result.

Usage: See

usage note at a-ósh.

a-iponyíé To make things knock one another. See: a-ilúg; a-óc; aa-ɨpɔ́ŋ

ósh; a-náŋ ‘To hit’; a-ikúm ‘To hit, ram’. v.prog. To

overfill the stomach. the stomach)’.

See: a-poŋú ‘To

be overfull (in

churn, shake (esp. milk). Ɛ́ ́pɔsh. He will churn. Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aɨpɔ́sh kʉlɛ́. The old woman is churning the milk. (Pk). Ɛɨ́ pɔsh ́ta ɛntásât kʉlɛ́. The old lady is shaking milk. This is done to milk four or five days old, after it has curdled. Ká ́pásh ́ta kʉlɛ́. I'm shaking milk. (S).

a-ɨpɔ́sh

[North]: ɨpásh. v.prog. 1 • To

move sth. from one place to another. Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aɨpɔ́sh ɛnkɛ́ráí kɨt ́. (i) The woman is shaking the little 2 • To

child. (Pk) (ii) The woman is taking the little child from one place to another. (K). Ɛshɔmɔ́ dúóó ɔlmórúô aɨpɔ́sh ɔlɨkâ ̂. The old man has taken the other one around moving from place to place. (Pk). For a human patient, the idea in K, Pk is that the patient is moved from one place to another without rest. In S, a-ɨpɔ́sh can to be done only to milk, either churning or homogenizing it. This may be done when the milk has sat for a long time, such that it blocks the opening of the gourd. After shaking, it pours more easily. Etymology: Proto-Lotuko-Maa *-(ɪ)pɔt- 'churn' (v.) (Vossen 1982ː346).

a-ɨpɔshá v.mid. 1 • To heave like a lake. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkárɛ aɨpɔshá tɨ átua ɛnaɨpɔ́sha. The water is heaving in the lake. (Pk). 2 • To move from place to place; restless. aɨpɔshá ɑɨŋɔrʉ́ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ naɨmɨná To go from place to place looking for a lost sheep.

a-ɨpɔshɨpɔ́sh To churn repeatedly. See: ɛ-naɨpɔ́sha ‘Lake’; aa-ipót

ipiripír ‘To shake off’; a-ɨŋʉnʉŋʉ́n; a-igusugús; a-iseiseiyíé; ainyenyé; a-ɨkíj ‘To shake’. v.prog. 1 • To

call, beckon, summon. This may be used even for calling s.o. on the telephone if you're asking them to come. Éípot. He will call. Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aipót ɛnkɛ́ráí meyêû ají. The woman is calling the child to come to the house. (Pk). Áípótíto. I am calling him/her. Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aipót Námʉ́nyák peê élô ayaʉ́ ɛsʉkári. The old lady is calling Namunyak [who is far away] to go and bring sugar. Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aipót Námʉ́nyák peê élô ayá ɛsʉkári. The old lady is calling Namunyak [who is far away] to go take sugar [to somewhere else]. Néípoti ɛnapá áŋ áajoki, "óotú." The previously-mentioned family is called and told, "Come.". Eipótu. He will call towards (s.o.). name, give a name to. Óre peê eipotíéki ɔltʉŋáni ɔláísíááyiani When a person is named after a servant (C). 2 • To

a-ipotokí To call (peopl) for some purpose. a-ipotoó To call loudly or far for s.o. to come to the point of reference (eg. where the caller is). Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aipotoó ɛnkɛ́ráí mɛshɔ́mɔ aɨrɔrɔk ́ mɛ́nyɛ́. The old woman is

calling (out to) the child to come and greet her (the child's) father. (Pk) [The old lady and the father are together, but the child is far away, either within calling distance or in a distant city. The old lady could be sending s.o., or call via raising her voice. In any case, the child is being called to come to where the old lady is.].

a-ipotú(n) To call towards the point of reference. Compare: Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aipót ɛnkɛ́ráí meyêû enetíī. The old

woman is calling the child toward herself (ie. toward the old woman). (Pk). Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aipotú ɛnkɛ́ráí mɛshɔ́mɔ aɨrɔrɔk ́ mɛ́nyɛ́. The old woman is calling the child to go and greet her (the child's) father. [The child could be near or far away, and the calling may be loud or soft. The old lady and the father are together and the child is being called to come to where the old lady is.].

a-ɨpɔ́t v.prog. To fill sth. Mɛɨpɔt ́ta. She is not filling it up. (W). a-ɨpɔyʉpɔyʉ́ Variant: a-ɨpɔyɨpɔyʉ́. In some suffixed forms: a-ɨpɔyʉpɔyʉ́n. v. v. To

handle carefully.

raise. Nɛ́ ́pɔyʉpɔyʉn ́ táatá namna hii áâ nɨnyɛ́ aké ɔpɛ́ny So its brought up like this her being alone. 2 • v. To

a-ipúk v. 1 • To flee. Éípuk. He will flee. Ɛg ́rá ́ áaipuk áaɨŋataa é mperî. People are fleeing from the famine. (Pk). 2 • To hurry. Míkíntókī aipukíé amʉ̂ ɛ́tɔ́n aáta esíáai. Stop hurrying because I still have work to do. (Pk).

a-ipukokí To flee to. a-ipukíé To put to flight, cause to flee. Ɛg ́rá ́ áaipukie inkíshú mɛ́nya ilowuarák. The people are putting the

cows to flight so that the lions will not eat them. (Pk).

a-ɨpʉnʉká

v. To

be excessively full due to overeating. pʉ́nʉ́ká ‘One of the stomachs of a cow’.

See: ɔl-

a-ipúŋ Variant: a-ɨpáŋ. v. To go out, go out from, exit, leave. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí aipúŋ aló bɔɔ́. The child is going out (from the house) to the outside. (Pk). Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aipúŋ tɛ idîâ áji. The man is going out from that house. (Pk). aipúŋ aló To get out (lit: to exit to go).

a-ipuŋokí, a-ipaŋak ́ To appear to. a-ipurdék v. To do sth. accidentally. See: a-otikí ‘To do intentionally’.

a-ɨpʉ́rj

v.prog. 1 • To

mix liquid and powdery substances together (eg. water and maize meal for ugali, water and soil to make mud, water and cement powder, eggs and sugar). Ɛ́ ́pʉ́rj ́ta ɛnkárɛ́ ɔ́ entérít peê émúrîê ɛnkají. [ɛ̀ŋkáɾɛ́ wéntiɾit] She is mixing water and soil to plaster the house with. 2 • To mix people of different backgrounds or cultures together; integrate. Usage: slang. See: a-ɨtʉshʉ́l; a-kúr ‘To mix’.

a-ipúrr v.prog. 1 • To roar; bellow; growl. Ɛg ́ra olŋatúny aipúrr tɔ lkɛ́jʉ. The lion is roaring at the river. (Pk). Ɛg ́ra ɔlɔ́ ́ŋɔ́n ́ aipúrr tɛ bɔ́ɔ. The bull is bellowing to the outside. (Pk). Kéípúrróto. He is roaring. (S). This can be done by a warrior who has just returned to society.

bluff; speak with empty words. aipúrr pɛ́shɔ To speak about sth. and not do anything by actions. 2 • To

speak authoritatively. Nɨnyɛ́ ɛgɛlʉ́n ̄ méípurrokí oloshô lɛnyɛ́. He is the one to be elected to speak to and on behalf of his section (of people). 3 • To

a-ipurrupúr

v. 1 • To

let sth. fall to the ground so that it gets smeared with soil. 2 • To wrestle s.o. down to the ground. Usage: metaphorical.

3 • To

keep on roaring.

a-ipurupurorí To roll down. a-ipurupuríé ɛnkʉ́tʉ́k To oil one's mouth by eating an oily

substance (especially meat) (lit: to use it to soil the mouth).

a-ɨpûs ɔ́ŋʉ

have a bad, diseased eye (lit: to be lightcolored the eye). Kɛ́ ́pʉs-ɔ́ŋʉ alɛ́ tʉŋáni. This man has an eye problem/has a bad eye. (SN). The eye problem is likely permanent and is visible to others.

a-ɨpʉsá

v.phrase. To

v.mid. 1 • To

be blue.

become angry, annoyed. Á ́pʉ́sa. I have become angry/annoyed. Note: For W the word is well-formed, but it would only mean 'I am (literally) blue'. 2 • To

a-ipusíé v. 1 • To make sth. grey-blue. Ɛg ́ra áaipusie ɛnâ kɨlâ áapɨk emúá pʉ̂s. They are making this cloth blue (by) putting it in blue color (pigment, dye).

add milk to. Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aipusíé oloshoró óôk ɨnkɛ́râ peê érêt. [òòk] [èrèt] The old woman is adding milk to the porridge that the children drink so that it can be nutritious. aipusíé here refers to the resulting color of the porridge, and not to its consistency. Compare a-bɛbɛ́k. 3 • To make s.o. be despised, hated; bad-mouth s.o.; slander. Ɛg ́ra olórére áaipusie olkíríkóí oibáyiokí. The people are making the vagrant be despised/hated. Kááípúsie. I will bad-mouth you. (lit: I will make you blue.) (Pk). 2 • To

a-ipusíé ɛnk-á ́ná To make the hand blue by twisting blue beads on it. Ɛg ́rá ́ áaipusie ɔlmʉ́rráni oléŋ ɛnká ́ná. The generous warrior is having his hand made blue by twisting blue beads on it. (Pk). This is done to generous warriors. See: pûs ‘Blue’.

a-ɨpʉsʉ́ v. 1 • To become blue. Ɛg ́ra shʉmatá aɨpʉsʉ́ amʉ̂ ɛg ́ra ɨnkátampo áaiwuaŋa. The sky is becoming blue

because the clouds are clearing off.

lack, go without. Ɛɨpʉ́sʉ̄. He will go without it. Ɛ́ ́pʉsʉ́. He will go without it. (W). Ɛg ́ra ɔlápúróní aɨpʉsʉ́ amʉ̂ mɛáta entóki napurróo. The thief is going ́ without because there is nothing to steal. Ɨmpʉsʉ́ ! Stop it! (lit: Become blue!) (W). This is a joking expression said to children when they cause others to laugh. It is based on the metaphor of 'lack', implying that the child should come to lack ideas, or not "get ideas" that cause so much laughter. 3 • To turn to a different color because of sickness or anger. See: pʉ̂s ‘Blue’. 2 • To

a-ipúsh

v.prog. To

apply force to move sth. away and/or towards you with quick motion. Kááípúshíto. I'm pulling you back and forth. aipúsh emilánko mɛtáboloyú To apply force to move the door back and forth so that it could be opened.

a-ipushó To throw oneself back and forth. a-ipushú To pull. a-ipushoó To push. a-ipushupúsh To move back and forth; shake. a-ɨpʉ́t v. To fill. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkárɛ aɨpʉ́t ɔlcɔ́rrɔ. The water is filling the well. Ɛ́ ́pʉt. He filled it. Ɛɨpʉ́tá. He has filled it. (W). Nérukúnyē aké isírúai, nɛ́ ́pʉ̄t ewúéjī. Elands just came out, and filled that place. Kéyīēū néōrī ɛnâ tulúgumî amʉ̂ ɛ́ ́pʉ́tá bɔɔ́. This old powdered dung needs to be swept because it has filled the kraal. Mɛɨpʉ́táí á ́kātā inê amʉ̂ eúlulû nɛ́mɛ́áta enkítíŋótó. You can never fill there because it is a gorge that has no end. Ɛtanáreyia nɛ́ ́ŋɔ̄r ɨltʉŋaná átɛ́ amʉ̂ ɛ́ ́pʉ́tá entórroní óo mpukunót pɔɔk ́ ɛnkɔ́p. People should take care of themselves because the world is full of all kind of evil/bad feeling/trouble. (Pk). See: a-ɨgány ‘To fill’.

a-iputukúny

v. 1 • To

be frightened, horror-struck, amazed, shocked, stunned. Eiputúkuny. He is / will be frightenend, horror-struck. Eipútúkuny. He is / will be frightenend, horror-struck. (W). Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛ́ráí aiputukúny amʉ̂ étódúáá ɔlnátúny. The child is frightened because she has seen a lion. (Pk). Káípútúkunyo. I was shocked. (S). ɔltʉŋáni oiputúkuny person who is frightened, horrorstruck. See: a-irút ‘To be frightened’; l-pútukuny [North] ‘Shock, amazement’. 2 • To worry, be concerned with.

a-iputukunyíé To frighten s.o. a-ɨpʉʉdá v.mid. To bluff; deceive by pretending to be stronger, brave, smarter than one really is. M ́mpʉʉ́dā ajó íyíólo entóki nímíyíólo Do not pretend to know sth. that you do not know.

Syn: a-itukutukó

a-ɨpʉʉsanú [North] a-ír

a-ír

dry season.

‘To bluff’.

v.s. [North]

To be near the beginning of the

v. 1 • To

clean a calabash using a stick from the olóíríén tree which is burning or has charcoal at one end. atoiró to have cleaned it. Kétííró. She has cleaned it. (S). Etoíre enkúkúri The calabash is (finally) cleaned. 2 • To root out corrupt or problematic people. Usage: This has the connotation of wielding power. 3 • To prune out bad habits in people; discipline. See: a-ilísh ‘To clean a gourd’. v.prog. To

move sideways or back and forth in unstable manner; sway; wobble. This can happen to trees, as swayed by wind, thoughts.

a-iriiró To be swayed. a-iriirunyé 1 • To sway towards the point of reference. 2 • To

come in bigness like clouds, heavy truck, big animal.

a-ɨramɨrám

v. 1 • To

a-ɨrány

rain so long that the ground is soaked with water and

have a permanent speech disorder involving hesitations and involuntary repetitions of certain sounds; stutter; stammer. Kégogóŋ ɔltʉ́ŋání ɔ́ ́ram ́ram A stuttering person can be easily angered. 2 • To bite lightly and repeatedly. Syn: a-ɨrɔmɨrɔ́m ‘To bite lightly and repeatedly’. See: a-ɨdáŋ ‘To be disfluent or stumble in speech’. v. To

muddy.

a-ɨráŋ

v. To

talk proudly, displaying great dignity by the manner one talks. This mostly happens because of wealth and possessions. Míntóki aɨráŋ tɛn ́rɔ̄. Don't speak proudly when you talk. See: a-r ́ny ‘To talk boastfully’.

a-ɨrás v. To pierce through with a sharp instrument. aɨrás enkíook To pierce the ear. See: a-irasíé ‘To glimpse’. a-irasíé v. 1 • To drink a little bit of a liquid; sip. airasíé ɛnkárɛ́ To drink a little bit of water.

catch a glimpse of; see briefly. airasíé ɔlŋátúny To catch a glimpse of a lion. 2 • To

a-irebúk v.s. 1 • To be damp. (K)eirébuk táatá inkúlupuok amʉ̂ ɛtashá ́kīā ŋolé nɛ́tʉ etoyú olêŋ. The soil is damp

today because it was rained on yesterday and it did not get completely dry. Kéírébuk inkílaní amʉ̂ ɛ́tɔ́n ɛ́ ́tʉ̂ etoyú olêŋ. The cloths are damp because they are not yet completely dry. (Pk). See: a-calcál ‘To be damp’; a-shál; a-ɨlɨbɨl ́b ‘To be wet’; a-ɨrɔb ́ ‘To be cold’. 2 • To sweat.

a-irebukú

damp’.

v.incep. To

become damp.

See: a-calcál

[North] ‘To be

a-irém [South]: a-ilím. v. To dig; cultivate. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian airém ́ inkulupúók. The man is digging the ground. (Pk). Ɨyakákɨ

enturét náló airemíé endê. Bring me a hoe so that I can go and dig with it there. (Pk). See: a-ŋér ‘To weed’; a-túr ‘To cultivate’.

a-iremokí 1 • To dig sth. into the ground. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkáyíóní airemokí ́mpɔ́ɔś hɔ̂ ɛnkɔ̂p. The boy is digging the beans into the ground. (Pk).

weed. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkáyíóní airemokí ́mpɔ́ɔś hɔ̂. The boy is weeding the beans-garden. 2 • To

a-irenkés a-ɨrɛnyá

v. To

spy.

v.mid. To

contract the abdomen or push, as when giving birth or defecating. Ɛg ́ra enkíne náishó aɨrɛnyá. The goat that is giving birth is contracting the abdomen. (Pk). See: airianyá ‘To contract the abdomen’.

a-ɨrɛsɨrɛ́s [North] v. [North] To speak incoherently. a-irewejé See: a-irowua. v. To

boil. See: a-irowuajíé; a-ɨtɔ́k ‘To boil’.

a-ɨrɛwúá [North]

See: a-ɨrowúá ‘To

In some suffixed forms: ɨrɛwuaj. v.s. [North]

be hot’.

To be hot.

a-ɨrɛwuajíé [North] [North] To heat sth. up. a-ɨrɛwuajú [North] [North] To get hot. a-iríám v. To do more than one thing at the same time. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian airiamak ́ eríkúnotó é nkitók ɔ́ ɛncátátá ɛ́ nkají. The man is marrying and building his house at the same time. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkáyíóní airíám enkírítátá ɔɔ́ ntarɛ́ ɔ́ ɛnɔɔ́ lashɔ́. The boy is simultaneously doing the herding of

the goats/sheep and calves. (Pk). In S, this is primarily used for two deaths that happen at the same time, or two people that go to a place together. It cannot be used to describe two people working, either together or independently, at the same time.

áa-iriamari v.pl v.dir v.mid. To go off together. Ɛshɔmɔ́ ɔlpáyian ɔ́ nkitók ɛnyɛ́ shoó áairiamari. The man and his wife have

gone to herd together. (Pk). Kóre tɛ nétolikíó nɨnyɛ́ ajó elóíto sokóni ánáátá eiriamarî. If he had told her that he was going to the market, she would/could have gone with him. (W).

a-irianyá [North]

v. Usage: Vulgar. [North]

To contract the abdominal muscles or push, as when giving birth or defecating. Syn: a-ɨrɛnyá ‘To contract the abdominal muscles or push, as when giving birth or defecating’.

a-ɨr ́c [North] v. [North] To be brave. See: a-ɨr ́sh ‘To dare’. a-iriiró [North] v.mid. [North] To waver, waffle, hesitate. a-ɨrɨjɨak ́ [North] v. [North] To carry through with; continue, complete.

a-irím

v. 1 • To

put spots on the face or body with chalk or ochre; daub; splatter. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛrá ́ airím enkomóm ɛ́ nká ́ tɛ nturotó. The child is daubing the face of the other using chalk. (Pk). See: a-igér ‘To make decorative cutting’. 2 • To make permanent decorative cuttings or tatoos. For S, the idea of decoration is more important than the shape or method. It may be done with fire or knife, and the decoration is permanent. It can be on a house or a warrior. On a warrior, it often consists of dots burned in a circle around each nipple.

a-irimirím [North] [North] To poke repeatedly. a-irimó v.mid. To be spotted or dotted, involving at least two colors of spots (eg. black and red, brown and black, white and red, black and white). The spots are conspicuous but not as big as tárâ. For S, the spots are congenital, not the result of a-irím. ɔlmɛʉ́t oirímo spotted giraffe. ɔrmɛʉ́t oirímo spotted giraffe (Pk). Kéírímo apá ɔlapá ashé ɔ́tɨmɨrá mpapá. The calf that Dad sold was spotted. (Pk).

a-irimó é nyókîê Spotted red. a-irimó ɛ́ rɔ̂k Spotted black. See: a-irím ‘To daub, splatter’.

a-irimokí

weed. 2 • [North] To make spots on sth.; plant sporadically. See: a-ilím [South] ‘To weed’; a-ŋér ‘To weed’.

a-ɨr ́n

v. 1 • To

twist. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aɨr ́n ɛnkoríni. The man is twisting a wire. 2 • To tie the side posts of a house together using slender branches of plants. Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aɨr ́n ɛnkají ɛnyɛ́. The old woman is tying the side post of her house. (Pk). v. 1 • To

́ wrap around, surround. Ɨrɨná nká ́ná. Tie up your hand (eg. it is wounded, so put a bandage around it). (SN). 3 • To

make s.o. late; delay s.o. Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aɨr ́n encóliek ɛnyɛ́. The old woman is delaying her partner. (Pk). 4 • To

a-ɨrɨná

v.mid. 1 • To

look for delaying tactics; do sth. unwillingly. 2 • To wander around without proper direction.

a-ɨrɨnak ́ To twist sth. around sth. Ká ́rr ́nāk ̄. I will twist it

around it (eg. make a rope or vine wrap around a tree trunk). (SN).

a-ɨrɨnakinó a-irirí

v.mid. 1 • To

be going round s.o. 2 • To run for refuge and use the other person as a shield in order to not be hit. See: a-nunúk; a-pɨyáɨ; a-mɔn ́r ‘To twist’.

cut down to the desired shape or size. airirí eŋúdi To cut the stick to the desired size. airirí ɨlpápít To shave hair to the desired size. 2 • [North] To place side by side. 3 • [North] To place side by side for comparison. v. 1 • To

a-iriríó

v.mid. 1 • To

cut one's hair to the desired size or shape. 2 • [North] To be side by side.

a-ɨrɨrɨak ́ [North] (a task).

a-iririkí

v.dat. [North]

To carry through with; complete

In some suffixed forms: a-iririkín. v. 1 • To

do sth. accurately; do

properly, do correctly. airirikí ɨmbáa To do things accurately.

fit; make reach. Ɛg ́rā ̄ áaiririki ɛnkɛ́rá ́ ɛnkɨlâ náyâ sukúul. The child is being fitted (with) the cloth she will take (to) school. (Pk). This can be used of clothes, luggage, or to check if a stick is suitable for making a rungu or spear. 2 • To

a-iririkinó v. 1 • To fit well (of a dress, job, book for a course, etc.). Kéíririkíno. It fits well. Íkíríríkínō anâ sʉrúálɛ. This trouser fits you. (SN).

be suitable for the desired purpose. Kéíririkínō. It is suitable for him/her/ it. Íkíríríkínó alɛ́ síáâî. You deserve this job. (SN). See: a-irirí ‘To cut straight’; a-narɛ́; a-ishiaá; aishiaakinó; a-nyɔrɛ́ ‘To be suitable’. 2 • To

a-ɨr ́sh v. To face-up to; resist; dare. Ɛg ́ra ɔlɔ́ ́ŋɔ́n ́ ɔ́tɨ apʉ́sh aɨr ́sh ɨlkʉl ́kā ̄. The young bull is getting aroused to fight the others. (PK). Mɛɨr ́shāyū ɛnkɛ́ɛya. No one can face

death. (lit: Death cannot be faced.). See: a-p ́ ‘To be brave, fierce’.

a-ɨrɨshaá

v.dir. 1 • To

support sth. so it does not fall down (eg. the roof of a house). See: ɛ-r ́shɨná ‘Rafters’. 2 • [North] To parry. See: a-lɔ́ny ‘To parry’. 3 • [North] To say what another intends to speak about. 4 • To delay s.o. from going where he/she intends to go. 5 • To stop s.o. from beating another person.

a-ɨrɨshak ́ v.dat. To lay against sth. for support. aɨrɨshak ́ ɛlʉ́kʉ́nyá olórika To lay one's head against the chair. a-ɨrɨshakinó v.dat v.mid. To lean against sth. for support. aɨrɨshakinó ɛsʉntái To lean against the wall. See: a-pɛ́t ‘To keep close to’.

a-ɨrɨshʉ́ v.dir. To support sth. that is crumbling or falling down. aɨrɨshʉ́ ɛm ́sa nag ́ra aurorí To support a table that is falling down.

a-ɨrɨʉ́ v. To send. Kóre tɛ nékítólíkíó ajó ílóíto sokóni ánáátá á ́r ́wáyie ɨyakákɨ osabúni. If you told me that

you are going to the market, I could have sent you to bring me soap. (W).

a-ɨrɨwaá To send. a-ɨrɔ́ Variant: a-ʉrɔ́(r). In some suffixed forms: ɨrɔr. v.prog. 1 • To speak; talk. Ɛɨrɔ́. He will speak. Ká ́rɔ́rɔ. I have talked. Ká ́rɔr ́ta. I'm talking. (S). Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aɨrɔ́ tɛ bɔ́ɔ. The woman is talking outside. (Pk). Éɨniniŋó ɔlɔɨrɔr ́ta! Listen to the one who is speaking! (W). aɨrɔ́ nkʉ́tʉ́k nemeishiakíno to speak a language incorrectly (S). Ɛg ́ra olmeekí aít tɛ nɛ́ ́rɔ Maâ. The Kikuyu is speaking Maa with a Kikuyu accent. (lit: The Kikuyu is speaking with an accent when he speaks Maa.) (Pk). See: a-jó ‘To say’; a-iroríé ‘To talk to’. chat. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aɨrɔ́ ɔ́ lɨkâ ̂. The man is chatting with the other one. (Pk). See: a-dɛ́r ‘To chat’. 2 • To

a-iroríé To speak to/with. a-ɨrɔrɔk ́ To visit, greet. Óre oshî táatá néméékúré kílótú aɨrɔrɔk ́ ánaa apá. Nowadays you don't come to see me like before. (Pk).

a-ɨrɔb ́ In some suffixed forms: -ɨrɔbɨj. v.s. 1 • To be cold. Ɛɨrɔ́bɨ. It is cold. Kɛ́ ́rɔ́b ̄ kʉná lɛ́. This milk is cold. (Pk). Kɛ́ ́rɔ́bɨ táatá olêŋ amʉ̂ nemetîi enkóloŋ. It is very cold because there is no sun. (Pk). Ɛg ́ra airopijíé oloshoró ap ́k kʉlɛ́ ná ́rɔbɨ. She is cooling the porridge by adding milk that is cold. (Pk). The name of Kenya's capitol, Nairobi, stems from a relative-clause formation of this Maasai verb.

easily aroused sexually. Kɛ́ ́rɔ́bɨ ɛlɛ̂ ŋɔ́n ́ mmɛɨtɨamak ́tā inkíshú. This bull is not easily sexually aroused so it does not mount the cows. (Pk). ɔltʉŋáni ɔɨrɔ́bɨ person who is not easily aroused; person who is cold. 2 • Not

3 • [North]

To be easily attained. 4 • [North] To be polite.

a-ɨropijú v.incep. To become cold. a-ɨropijíé v.inst. To make cool, chill sth. See: ɛn-kɨrɔ́bɨ ‘Coldness’. a-irocí [North] v.s. 1 • [North] To be heavy. 2 • [North]

To be pregnant.

a-irocú [North]

1 • [North]

To become heavy.

To become pregnant. Usage: polite. Éíróco. She became pregnant. (S). 2 • [North]

a-ɨrɔgɨrɔ́g

speak in a rising and falling intonation; singsong. See: a-ɨramɨrám ‘To stutter’.

a-iroishí

v.prog. To

v. 1 • To

be heavy in weight (objects or people). See: enkiróíshi ‘Weight’. 2 • To be pregnant. Usage: polite. See: a-iroshí ‘To be heavy’.

a-ɨrɔ́m [North] biting a goat.

v. [North]

To bite just once. Eg. as a predator

a-ɨrɔmʉrʉ́m [North] [North] To bite repeatedly. a-ɨrɔmɨrɔ́m v. To bite sth. repeatedly. Ɛɨrɔm ́rɔm enkítok inkírí ɛ́nkɛ̄rāī ɛ́tɔ̂n ɛ́ɨtʉ̂ ɛ́ ́shɔ̂ mɛ́ ́nɔsá. The woman will bite the meat before feeding it to the baby. Ɛɨrɔm ́rɔ̄mā oldía ɛnká ́ná ɔ́ lɔmɔ́ni. The dog has repeatedly biten the hand of the visitor. Usage: a-nyaál is more severe and crushing than is a-ɨrɔmɨrɔ́m.. Syn: a-ɨramɨrám ‘To bite lightly and repeatedly’. See: a-nyaál ‘To chew’.

a-iromokí v. To dig sth. into the ground. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkáyíóní airomokí ́mpɔ́ɔś hɔ̂ ɛnkɔ̂p. The boy is digging the beans into the ground. (Pk).

a-ɨrɔ́ny

squeeze, press against sth. Káaɨrɔnyɨtâ. It's pressing me. (S). Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí aɨrɔ́ny ɛnkɨlâ naɨsʉj ́ta. The child is squeezing the cloth she is washing. (Pk). This could v.prog. 1 • To

be said if one leans on sth. that puts pressure on the person, such as a chair; or by crowding up against s.o. one is sharing a bed with. 2 • To force s.o. to do sth. that they would probably not do on their own. have an abortion. Usage: of humans. aɨrɔ́ny nkɔ́cɛkɛ To have an abortion (lit: to squeeze the stomach). 4 • [North] To overcharge. 3 • To

a-ɨrɔnyɔk ́ [North] a-iróŋ

2 • [North]

1 • [North]

To oppress.

To press in.

drill a hole into; bore. airóŋ ɛnkɔ́p To drill a hole in the ground. v. To

a-iroŋiróŋ

1 • To

drill different parts on the ground. 2 • To be talkative; talk aimlessly. See: a-úd ‘To pierce; make a hole’.

a-iropijíé v. 1 • To make sth. cool. Ɛg ́ra airopijíé oloshoró ap ́k kʉlɛ́ ná ́rɔbɨ. She is cooling the porridge by adding milk that is cold. (Pk).

make sth. bearable. Eyéwuo ɛncân airopijíé ɛrámátarɛ amʉ̂ ɛ́tágóló oshî. The rain has come to make the rearing of livestock bearable because it has been very difficult. (Pk). See: a-ɨrɔb ́ ‘To be cold’; a-iropijú ‘To become cold’. 2 • To

a-iropijú

become cool in temperature. Eirópījū. It becomes cold. Ɛg ́ra ɛnk ́jiapɛ airopijú. The climate is becoming cool. (Pk). v. 1 • To

be unenthusiastic. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian airopijú tɔɔ́ mbáa esukúul. The man is no longer enthusiastic about matters of school. (Pk). See: a-ɨrɔb ́ ‘To be cold’. 2 • To

a-ɨrɔpɨrɔpak ́

times at short intervals; frequently; oftentimes. See: a-siokí ‘To do fast’.

a-iroríé

v. To

adv. Many

talk to. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian airoríé enkitók ɛnyɛ́

nag ́ra. The man is talking to his wife who is listening. (Pk). Mikírorie ɨlasúrīāā. We do not speak to snakes. (W). Ɛɨtʉ́ kíróríe ɨltɔmíá ŋolé. We did not speak to the elephants. (W). Mikírorie ɨltɔmíá tááisére. We will not speak to the elephants tommorow. (W). See: a-ɨrɔ́(r) ‘To speak, talk’.

a-ɨrɔrɔk ́ v. To greet. Ááta ɛncɨpái sápʉk amʉ̂ k ́nyááká alotú aɨrɔrɔk ́. I have great happiness/joy because you have come to greet me again. (Pk). Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aɨrɔrɔk ́ ɔlpayíán tɛ nkaɨná. The woman is greeting the man by (extending her) hand to him. (Pk). See: a-ŋasak ́ ‘To greet’; aɨrɔ́(r) ‘To talk’.

a-iroshí v. 1 • To be heavy in weight (people, things). Eiróíshi ɛnk ́tɛŋ aláŋ enkíné. A cow is heavier than a goat. Kéíróshi ɛlɛ́ bókîs olêŋ. This box is very heavy. (Pk). Ɛt́ áá tásat imeekúré apá ɛɨd ́m atanápa intokitín naáíroshi. He is weak; he is no longer able to carry heavy things. (Pk). Kéíróshi olêŋ ɛlɛ̂ páyian mmɛɨdɨmárɨ. This man is very heavy; he cannot walk properly. (lit: This man is very heavy; he cannot do it properly.) (Pk). ɔltʉŋáni oiróshi a person who is heavy (in weight). be pregnant. Usage: polite. Kéíróshi ɛnâ kítok olêŋ amʉ̂ ɛ́táá kéíshō. This woman is pregnant; she is just about to give birth. (Pk). 2 • To

a-iroshíú

1 • To

become heavy. 2 • To become pregnant.

a-iroshí lómon To have heavy words, to say things that one cannot understand or respond to.

a-iroshí lototó This might be a problem with a leg, age, being to

big, or some natural characteristic of a person. Ant: a-nɛnɛ́ŋ ‘To be light’. To have an extreme degree of some characteristic which prevents one from walking far. See: a-nʉtá ‘To be

pregnant’; a-iturukúm ‘be.pregnant (animals)’.

a-irót v. To load; pack an animal or truck, load a person with sth. Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât airót osíkiria. The woman is packing the donkey. (Pk). See: a-ɨdɔndɔ́rr ‘To train donkey with a pack’.

a-irotorí Usage: metaphorical. To go while loaded. a-irotú v.dir. To load onto one's self. e-írótó Nom sg: e-irotó. Acc pl: i-irót. Nom pl: i-írot. n. The cleaning of a gourd.

a-ɨrowúá

See: a-ír(r) ‘To

clean a gourd’.

[North]: kéréwwa. In some suffixed forms: -ɨrowuaj. v.s. 1 • To

be

warm, hot. Kɛ́ ́rówua táatá. The weather is hot today. Kɛ́ ́rówua kʉná lɛ̂. [kʉná ! lɛ́] This milk is hot. Eirówua ɛná sháái. This tea is warm. (W). Áyíéú kʉná lɛ́ naaírowua. I want these milks that are warm. (W). Usage: See usage note at a-péj. 2 • To be hot from a fever. want to migrate. Kéírówua ɛlɛ́ páyian kéyīēū nɛ́ ́dʉ̄r. This man wants to migrate. (Pk). 3 • To

want to mate. Restrict: bulls. Kéírówua ɛlɛ́ ɔ́ ́ŋɔ́n ́ kéyīēū néítiamákɨ inkíshú. This bull wants to mate with the cows. 4 • To

a-ɨrowuajú To become hot. Eirówuajú. It will become warm. (W). Ɛg ́ra airowuajú amʉ̂ ɛ́ ́p ́rá ɛnkɔ́lɔŋ ɛnkáí. It is becoming hot because the sun is high up in the sky. (lit: It is becoming hot because the sun is facing the sky.) (Pk). Eirówúájɨtá nɛná lɛ. This milk has become warm. (W).

a-irowuajíé a-irewuajíé [North] a-irewejé [Chamus] In some suffixed forms: a-irowuajíék. 1 • To warm sth. Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât airowuajíé kʉlɛ́. The old woman is warming up the milk. (Pk). Kɛ́lɛlɛ́k ɛncɔlatá ɛ́na ́látá tenéírowuajíéki. It is easy to liquify this fat if

it is heated. 2 • To heat up or cook sth. a second time; reheat. 3 • To boil a liquid. In S, a-irowuajíé may be used for water or milk, but not for boiling such things as beans in water. It can be used for reheating cooked beans a second time (sense 1). See: aɨrowuajíé ‘To warm, heat’; ɛn-kɨrówuaj ‘Hotness, heat’.

a-irú [North]

To moo, bleat, crow. Kétúró. It has bleated. (S). Kétúrotô. They have bleated. (S).

a-ɨrʉ́j

v. [North]

v. To

decay. This is mostly happens when worms infest on a carcass. aɨrʉ́j olkurtó To be infested by worms. Ɛɨ́ rʉ́já ɛmpɔ́pɔ̂k. The carcass has decayed.

a-ɨrʉjʉrʉ́j v. 1 • To drizzle. Kɛ́shāl ɛnkɔ̂p amʉ̂ kɛ́g ́ra táatá aɨrʉjʉrʉ́j. The ground is wet today because it is drizzling. See: a-shá ‘To

rain’; a-ɨtɨpɨt ́p ‘To drizzle’; í-rúújî ‘Sessions of

drizzling’. 2 • To be lots of small creatures moving around on a dead animal, eating it. Usage: worms. Kɛ́ ́rʉjʉrʉjâ lkurú nk ́tɛ́ŋ natúâ ŋolé. The worms were eating the cow that died yesterday. (S).

a-ɨrʉjʉrʉjʉ́ v. To grow. Usage: rare. See: a-bʉlʉ́ ‘To grow’. a-irúk v. 1 • To believe, believe in sth. or s.o. Éíruk. He will believe her. Atɛlɛ́ja Dóris néíruk. I cheated/deceived Doris, and she believed. (W). Ɨmag ́ra airúk ajó ílótú mɛ́kátódúaa. I can't believe that you are coming until I see you. (Pk). Níkirúk iyíé. We believe in you. (C). 2 • To obey.

answer when addressed. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí airúk ŋɔ́tɔ́nyɛ́ naipotíto. The child is answering as her mother addressed her. (Pk). 3 • To

permit. Éírúkó ɔlá ́tɛ́ŋɛ́nání peê ɛɨlɛ́p ɛnkɛráí. The teacher has permitted the child to go to the next class. (Pk). 4 • To

agree. Néírukó naá ɨlMaasá ́ áajo máírukó. And the Maasai agreed to comply. Note: The sense 'agree' need not always have the Middle form. 5 • To

a-irukoó a-irukokí

v.dir. To 1 • To

answer back; echo.

agree with. 2 • [North] To answer s.o. See: a-nyɔrraá ‘To permit, agree’; aɨshɔ́ ‘To permit’; a-camá ‘To agree’.

áa-irukuruko [North]

v.mid. [North]

path) together or in file.

a-irukurukoré

To go along (eg. down a

[[ayɾūkuɾūkoɾḗ] macrons = stress] v.mid v.inst. 1 • To

follow after s.o. who is moving. Usage: a-ɨjɨpaá indicates the subject follows along the same path behind s.o., while a-irukurukoré indicates travelling together.. Ɛg ́ra ɔlashé airukurokoré ŋɔtɔnyɛ́. The calf is following the mother (cow). (Pk). See: a-ɨj ́p [North] ‘To follow’. To move together with s.o. Nónokúa nkíshú náírukurukóre ntaré. There are the cows moving together with the goats. (SN). Nɛ́idíā nk ́tɛ́ŋ náírukurukóre nkíné. There is the cow moving together with the goat. (SN). See: a-sʉ́j ‘To follow’; a-tubake ‘To follow’; a-ujipaá ‘To follow after’. 2 • [North]

a-ɨrʉmʉrʉ́m v. To look at sth. without being seen; peep at. Á ́rʉ́mʉ́rʉm ɨltʉ́ŋáná te lúsie I will peep at the people through the window.

a-ɨrʉnyʉrʉ́ny [North] v. [North] To rain a little for a long time. Kɛ́yrʉnyʉ́rʉnyʉ́ta. It is raining a little for along time. a-ɨrʉŋʉrʉ́ŋ v. To snore. See: a-ɨrrʉ́ŋ ‘To snore’. a-irúp v. 1 • To bewitch. This is very serious, and is only done by oloibóni.

go away unceremoniously. Ɛ́ ́rʉ́pâ dúóó ɨlárûôk. The wrong-doers have vanished unceremoniously. (Pk). See: a-sakút; 2 • To

a-rúp ‘To bewitch’.

a-ɨrʉpʉrʉ́p v.prog. To be indistinct, fuzzy, blurred, unclear. Kɛ́ ́rʉpʉ́rʉp ilkeék amʉ̂ etomisímiso. The trees are unclear because it has become dark.

áa-ɨrʉpʉrʉp ɨnkɔnyɛ́k To have fuzzy eyes. a-ɨrʉrá [North]: a-ɨlʉrá. v.mid. To sleep, be sleeping. Ɛshɔmɔ́ enkítok aɨrʉrá tɛ nkáji ɛ́nyɛ. The woman has gone to sleep in her house. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí aɨrrʉŋʉrʉ́ŋ ná ́rʉra. The child who is sleeping is snoring. (Pk). Tɛ nɛ́ ́rʉra oshî ɔltʉ́ŋání náa kɛjɛ́k ɛ́p ́k ɨnkɛjɛ́k. When a person sleeps, he puts his legs at the feet of the bed. (Pk). Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí aiseyieseyíé ɛnká ́ naɨrʉ́ra. The child is shaking the other one who is sleeping. (Pk). Mayíéú ná ́rʉ́ra. I do not want to sleep. (W). Miyíéú n ́rʉ́ra. You do not want to sleep. (W). Mikíiyíéú n ́kɨrʉra. We do not want to sleep. (W). Maiyíéú ná ́rʉ́ra. They do not want to sleep. (W). See: aimúg ‘To doze’; a-ɨrrág; a-pér ‘To sleep’.

a-ɨrʉrɛ́

1 • To

have slept, rested. Restrict: elder. 2 • To have died, especially of old age. Usage: euphemistic. Kɛ́ ́lʉ́rɛ. [kɛ́ylʊ́rɛ] He has slept (or died). (S). See: ɛnk ́rrágátá ‘Laying out of corpse’.

a-irurúg [North] collapse.

v.s. [North]

To be flimsy, susceptible to

a-irurugú [North] v.incep. [North] To become flimsy. a-irús v. 1 • To pierce very fast. Ɛg ́ra ɨnkɛ́râ áairus inkuashên tɛ nkígurran. The children a piercing the potatoes very fast. (Pk). 2 • To have many assertions with no conclusion, either in one's own speech or in what one has heard from others. The two examples mk gives are 1) getting lots of second hand information from different people, but it conflicts; and 2) a person who talks of

many things, but doesn't resolve any of them. Kéírus lomón. He speaks a lot without resolution. (S). Usage: See usage note at a-úd 'to pierce'.

a-irusurús To make many holes. a-ɨrʉsʉrʉ́s v. To do sth. after very short intervals. Ɛɨrʉsʉ́rʉs ɛnkɛráí ɛnk ́nɔ́sátá ɛ́ ndáa. A child eats food after very short intervals.

a-irút

v. 1 • To

Syn: a-idikidík

‘To do sth. after short intervals’.

be frightened, startled, surprised, worried, shocked, upset. Ɛg ́ra ɨnkɛ́râ áairut amʉ̂ étódúââ ɔlŋátúny. The children are frightened because they have seen a lion. (Pk).

Kɛ́áta ɔltáʉ́ ogól ɛlɛ́ tʉ́ŋání; méírut tenéjokiní etúá mɛnyɛ́. This man is heart-hardened; he does not show any worry when he is told that his father is dead. (Pk). ɔltʉŋáni óírut person who is frightened, startled. 2 • [North]

To run fast. 3 • [North] To shake the body, especially when being circumcised. Such shaking or flinching indicates of cowardice. See: a-iputukúny ‘To be frightened, horror-struck’.

a-ɨrraarrí

v. 1 • To

a-irraayá

v. To

fall physically to the ground. 2 • To emotionally be overcomed by problems. See: a-batát ‘To fell’.

drop several things at once (maize, firewood, etc.). See: a-ɨrriaayá ‘To make sth. fall down’; a-itíák ‘To drop’; abatát ‘To make s.o. fall down’.

a-ɨrráb [North] v. [North] To get late. a-ɨrrabalá v. To lie flat, with stomach down. Ɛg ́ra oldîâ aɨrrabalá aiguraníé inkiyiotín ɛnyɛ́na. The dog is lying flat while playing with its puppies. (Pk). airrabalakinó ɛnkɔ́p to lie flat (with stomach) on the ground. See: a-irrág ‘To lie down’.

a-ɨrrabalakinó

v.dat v.mid. 1 • To

lie down flat on a surface.

aɨrrabalakinó ɛndápásh To lie down flat on the bed. 2 • [North]

a-ɨrrabɨrráb

To lie face down.

v.prog. 1 • To

walk while bending. 2 • To fly close to the ground. A bird or an aircraft can do this.

a-ɨrrabɨrrabíé To make sth. fly close to the ground. a-ɨrracʉ́ [North] v. [North] To find or discover matters in a certain state.

a-ɨrrág

lie down. Ɛg ́ra ɛnk ́tɛŋ aɨrrág tɛ bɔ́ɔ. The cow is lying down in the kraal. (Pk). Má ́rragá. Let us lie down. See: ɛn-k ́rrágátá ‘Lying down’. v. 1 • To

sleep at, sleep somewhere. aɨrrág ɨnkáŋítie To sleep in other homes (other than yours). Népōnū ɛnâ dúóó áŋ áaɨrrag páa kɛ́ɛn ́ mɛtábaɨk ́ inkíshú ɨnkɛjɛ́k. They come to that home to sleep and tomorrow the cow's legs are tied. Áaɨrrág táatá. [áàyráɡ] He will sleep in my home today. (Pk). Népōnū ɛnâ dúóó áŋ áaɨrag. They come to that home to sleep. See: a-ɨrʉrá; a-pér ‘To sleep’. 2 • To

To have sexual intercourse. Ɛɨrrágá Josefin, Jon. Josefin and Jon have slept together (ie. had intercourse). (W). Usage: polite.. 3 • [West]

continually do sth. in a bothersome way. Nɛ́ ́rrág aɨrɔ́. He keeps talking (eg. like a drunkard might incessantly do). (W). Áshɔ́mɔ am ́r incereretí tɛ mparét nɛ́ ́rrág aké áarʉnyɛ. I went to chase the monkeys from the farm and they just kept forcing themselves (back) this way. (W). See: a-gɨrá ‘To be silent’. 4 • To

a-ɨrragɨshɔ́ v.apass. To spend the night away. a-ɨrragʉ́ v.dir. 1 • To sleep in sth. Ɛɨrráguak ́. It was slept in. Mɛɨrragʉ́nɨ. Let it be slept in. 2 • To

stop to sleep in different places before reaching where

one is going. 3 • To lie oneself down.

a-ɨrragaá

v.dir. 1 • To

sleep at a place while on the way to somewhere else. Á ́rrágáā Lemek. I shall sleep at Lemek (on my way out). Kálo aɨrragaá Naɨrɔ́bɨ peê atúm ashɔ́mɔ áŋ. I will sleep at Nairobi on my way to home.

sleep away (from home). Ɛshɔmɔ́ ɛnkɛráí náíúshúush aɨrragaá inkáŋítie. The loitering child has gone to sleep away in other homes. (Pk). Usage: Negative, esp. with respect to young people. 2 • To

lie around. Ɛg ́ra intárɛ pɔ́ɔk ̄ ̄ áaɨrragaa tɛ lɔ́kɛt. All the goats and sheep are lying in the pen. (Pk). 3 • To

a-ɨrragíé v.inst. 1 • To lay sth. down, put down. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aɨrragíé iŋúsidin ɛnyɛ́nā pɔɔk ́. The man is putting down all his sticks. (Pk). See: a-p ́k ‘To put sth. down’.

lie down with/at. Ɛshɔmɔ́ ɛnkɛráí aɨrragíé ɔlcaní ɔɨshɔɔ́kɨ. The child has lain down with medicine she took. ́ (Pk). Ɨrragíé ɨnáíshí ɔ kʉ́lɛ̄! Have a good night! (lit: Lie down with beer and milk!). Usage: Good-night wish before going to sleep.. 2 • To

make lie down. Ɛshɔmɔ́ ɛntásât aɨrragíé ɛnkɛráí kɨt ́. The woman has gone to make the little child lie down. (Pk). 3 • To

a-ɨrragaríé v.dir v.inst. 1 • To sleep away somewhere with sth. Képūō ɨltʉŋaná ɔ́ɨdʉ́rr áaɨrragarie inkíshú ɛnyɛ̂ inkáŋítie. The migrants will sleep away at other people's homes with their cows. (Pk). 2 • To lay down low.

a-ɨrragakinyé 2 • To

v.dat v.inst. 1 • To

lay down on/with.

lay out before. Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aɨrragakinyé ɨnkɛ́ra

ɛndáa. The woman is laying down the food before the children. (Pk). Nɛ́ ́rragakinyíéki nɨnyɛ́ ɛndáa mɛ́ ́nɔsá. And food was set before him to eat. (lit: And food was laid out for him so that he eats.).

́rran [North]

́rrân. n.sg n.f. [North] Anxiety, concern. See: a-ɨrraná [North] ‘To be anxious’. [North] Nom sg:

a-ɨrraná [North] v.mid. [North] To be anxious, troubled. Kát ́ ́rránɛ. He was anxious. a-ɨrráŋ v. To fret. a-ɨrraŋɨrráŋ v.prog. To walk aimlessly; loiter; wander. Ímesídáí tɛn ́rraŋ ́rraŋ. It is not good to walk aimlessly. See: aiwushuwúsh ‘To loiter; wander’.

a-ɨrrapɨrráp

v.prog. To

feel by touching. This is particularly done using the hand(s). Á ́rráp ́rráp ́ta ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. I am feeling the cow by touching. See: a-ɨbʉ́ŋ ‘To touch’.

a-ɨrrásh v. 1 • To find out; catch red-handed. Ɛ́ ́rráshá ɔlpáyian ɛnaas ́ta ɨláyiok. The man has found out what the boys are doing. (Pk). Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aɨrrásh ɛnaas ́ta ɨláyiok. The man is finding out what the boys are doing. (Pk).

jeer; scoff at. Ɛg ́rā ̄ áaɨrrash ɔlpúrríshóí, Hɔ̂ ̂! Hɔ̂ ̂! Hɔ̂ ̂! The thief is being jeered, "Hɔ̂ ̂! Hɔ̂ ̂! Hɔ̂ ̂!". 2 • To

a-ɨrrashʉ́

Variant: irashu. In some suffixed forms: a-ɨrrashʉ́n. v. To

a-ɨrrataát

v. To

catch up with s.o. This is applicable regardless of wrongdoing (unlike aɨrrásh). (S). Rashúaki! Catch up with him! (S).

o-írrî

extend or lie across; in a crosswise direction; at right angles to the long axis; transverse. ɔlcaní oirratáat A tree. [North] Acc sg: írrî. [North] Nom sg: irrí. [North] Acc pl: írr. [North] Nom pl:

̂rr. n. Grewia tembensis, Grewia similis. This noun may occur with the feminine prefix e-, with the same designation.[North] Tree whose wood is good for firewood, making walking sticks, clubs, etc. Its fruit l-

pʉʉsaní is edible.

a-ɨrr ́

send. Nɛ́na ɛmpálāī nairríwutûâ ɨláláshɛra. Here is a letter sent by brothers. (C). 2 • v. To have diarrhea; [North] To have diarrhea. This can be from either a bad disease or from a treatment to clean the stomach. Ká ́rrɨ. I have diarrhea. (S). v. v. To

To circumcise. Ká ́rrɨ nkɛ́ra. I will/can circumcise my children. (S). Kɛɨrr ́ak ́ nkɛ́ra. The children have been circumcised. (S). See: a-ɨrrɨʉ́ ‘To send toward point of reference’; a-ɨrrɨwaá ‘To send away’; a-rɛ́ʉ́ ‘To send’; a-ipaayá ‘To send’. 3 • v. [North]

a-ɨrriaayá

v. 1 • To

make sth. fall down. 2 • To promise sth. and then not do it; let a person down (lit: to make fall down). See: a-rriáá ‘To fall down’; a-irraayá ‘To drop things’.

a-ɨrrɨabíé [North]

Variant: a-irriebíé. v. [North]

ɨrrɨapíé ɛnkɔŋʉ́ ‘To blink’.

To blink.

See: a-

a-irríáŋ v.prog. 1 • To be astonished, perplexed, dumbfounded. Éírríáŋá peê ɛ́dɔ̂l ɔlŋátúny. He was astonished when he saw a lion. See: a-ɨŋasíá ‘To be surprised’. 2 • To panic.

a-irriaŋá a-irriaŋíé

v.mid. To

be in a panic.

v.apl. 1 • To

panic about, be aghast over. 2 • To make one panic.

a-ɨrríáŋ [North] a-ɨrrɨapíé ɛnkɔŋʉ́ ɛnk-ɔŋʉ́ ‘Eye’.

[àɪ ̀rryáŋ] v. [North] v. To

blink.

To be laden with, full of.

See: a-irriabíé

[North] ‘To blink’;

a-irríb v. To suddenly come upon, meet unexpectedly, chance upon. Átéjo áló Nairobi, náírrib Wilson. I tried to go to Nairobi, I met accidentally with Wilson.

See: a-túm ‘To

get’.

a-irribokinó [North]

animal in the bush.

v.dat v.mid. [North]

To encounter an

a-irriboré [North] [North] To run into an enemy or wild animal.

a-ɨrrɨdá [North] v.mid. [North] To be proud. a-ɨrrɨdʉ́ v. Restrict: wrong-doing. To repent, feel remorse for, feel sorry for, be contrite about, convert. aɨrrɨdʉ́ iŋók To repent the sins.

a-irríg [North] v. [North] To bend. See: a-irrúg ‘To bend sth.’. a-irrigó v.mid. 1 • [North] To bend self over. Múntóki airrigó! Stop bending over! (SN). 2 • [North] To halt.

a-ɨrrɨ ́d

v. To

hit with an instrument or shoot with arrows, with intention of hurting the targeted item. See: a-náŋ ‘To hit’.

a-irriírr v. 1 • To shake back and forth. Ɛg ́ra ɔltɔmɛ́ airriírr ɔlcaní. The elephant is shaking the tree back and forth. 2 • To

confuse; cause to be unable to do anything properly. See: airriirrán ‘To confuse’.

a-irriirrán

v. To

confuse; cause to be unable to think or do things properly. airriirrán olórere To confuse the people.

a-irriirraná To be confused. See: a-irriirr ‘To shake back and forth’.

a-ɨrrɨk ́ v.dat. 1 • To drive in; put into. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí aɨrrɨk ́ ɨlashɔ́ ɔlálɛ́. The child is driving the calves into the pen. 2 • To reach into. Nɛ́ ́rr ́kɨ ɛnká ́ná nɛ́ ́bʉ̄ŋ ɛnkɛjʉ́ é nkitojó. He put his hand into it and he caught the hare's leg. 3 • To incite to fight. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkáyíóní aɨrrɨk ́ ɨlɔɨŋɔ́k. The boy is inciting the bulls to fight. Á ́rr ́kia. I have made them fight. Á ́rr ́ka. I have made them fight. (SN). See: a-ɨrr ́ ‘To send’.

a-ɨrrɨnak ́

twist sth. around sth. Ká ́rr ́nāk ̄ lgíitâ lcaní. I will twist the rope around the tree. (SN). See: a-ɨr ́n ‘To tie around’. v. To

a-ɨrrɨtá v. 1 • To look after, watch over; tend, herd. Ɛɨrr ́ta oláyíóní inkíshú abarak ́. The boy looks after the cattle well (every day). Ɛɨrr ́tā ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ ŋolé. She herded a cow yesterday. (W). K ́rrɨtâ inkíshú ŋolé. We herded the cows ́ yesterday. (W). Ɨrrɨtá taá táatá ɨntaré mɛtáraposhotó.

You herded the sheep and goats until they were satisfied. Áírrítua ɨntaré. I have taken care of sheep towards this direction. (SN). Shɔ́mɔ ́rrɨtá inkíshú táatá; íŋurríé Kónené amʉ̂ ɛɨrr ́ta inkíshú inkóloni kúmok. Go look after cows today; favor Konene (ie. help him especially) because he has been looking after cows for so many days. (W). Ɛɨrr ́t ́ta ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. She is herding a cow. (W). Ká ́rr ́ta nkɨtabuní áinén payîê mórróyo. I will take care of my books so that they are not spoiled. (eg. protect from water, be careful about lending them). (SN). 2 • To guard or watch against s.o. doing wrong; monitor. Ká ́rr ́ta olpúrríshóí. I will guard against that thief. (Pk). Ág ́ra aɨrrɨtá ɔlpúrríshóí peê mɛ́yá intokitín. I am guarding against a thief so that he does not steal. (Pk).

a-ɨrrɨʉ́ v.dir. To send towards the point of reference, this way. Ɛg ́ra aɨrrɨʉ́ ɛnkayíóni enê natíī. She is sending the boy where I am. (Pk). See: a-ɨrrɨwaá ‘To send away’; a-ɨrrɨ ‘To send’.

a-ɨrrɨwaá v.away. To send away. Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aɨrrɨwaá ɛnkɛ́ráí ɛndâ ají. The woman is sending the child to that house. (Pk). Néítayu ɔlá ́gúɛ́nání Sólómon ɨltʉ́ŋáná ɔ́ɔas esíáai tɛ ísíráel pɔ́ɔkɨ; nɛ́ ́rrɨwáa nɨncɛ́ mɛshɔ́mɔ Lɛ́banɔn. Solomon the chief selected all the

people who work in Israel; and he sent them to go to Lebanon.

ɨnk-ɨrrɔ́

n.pl. Compensation

for murder. Generally used in the

expression inkíshú ɔɔ́ nkɨrrɔ́.

a-ɨrrɔ́g a-ɨrrɔ́k

v. To

cough a heavy, congested cough.

Variant: a-ɨrrɔ́g. v.prog. To

cough; cough heavily (as from tuberculosis or a serious infection). Ɛg ́ra ɔltásât ɔ́muei aɨrrɔ́k. The sick old man is coughing. (Pk). Kɛ́ ́rrɔk ́ta. He is coughing. (S).

a-ɨrrʉayá [North]

To send with a message, a commission. See: a-rɛʉ́ ‘To drive, send’. 2 • v. [North] To vomit because of sickness.

a-ɨrrʉcá [North]

v. v. [North]

To be thick in mass. Kɛ́ ́rʉ́ca. It is thick (eg. a table top). (S). Kɛ́ ́rʉ́cɛ. It was thick. (S). v.mid. [North]

a-irrucayí [North] [North] To become thick. Kéírrucáwa. a-irrúg

It became thick. (S). [North]: irrigó. v. To

bend or incline sth. down from a vertical position. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí airrúg ɛncaní. The child is bending the shrub. (Pk). Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí airrúg kewón. The child is crouching over. (Pk) (lit: The child is bending herself over.). A-kordíl indicates bending sth. relatively non-flexible so it remains in a bent shape. A-kɔrɨny indicates bending sth. flexible which has inner elasticity, with the aim of straightening it. Because the object has inner elasticity, it can springs back into its original shape. A-reré simply means 'to straighten sth.' A-g ́l means 'to fold' (a flat flexible item like cloth or paper), or 'to break' (a brittle item like a stick). A-irrúg indicates 'to bend sth.' Its middle form airrugó indicates 'to bend slightly forward from about the upper back and shoulders'; while a-ijululó can be used for a person bending forward from the waist so that the buttocks point outward. A-olól means 'to bend sth. flexible that can again resume its shape', but the object does not have inner elasticity.

a-irrugó

v.mid. 1 • To

bend one's head or back forward from the waist on down. This is the position of a child when greeting an ́ áírrugó ɨlʉ́kʉ́ny Let us bow our heads! Ɛg ́ra elder. Ɛm

ɨnkɛ́râ kʉ́tɨt ́ áairrugo ɛgɨrá áaiguran. The small children are bending down as they play. Éírrúge. It has

become bent. See: a-ijululó ‘To bend forward with buttocks out’. 2 • To bend each other down.

a-irrugokí To bend down towards, stoop down to. airrugokí ɛlʉ́kʉ́nyá ɛnkɔ́p To look down (lit: To bend the head to the ground). This is the action a child does when greeting an elder.

a-irrugokinó To bend down towards, be stooped down towards; bend over each other; bend down.

a-irrugoré

1 • To

bend down at. 2 • To tumble at.

a-irrugorí To bend over that way. a-irrugoyú To be bendable. Meirrúgoyu. It cannot be bent. a-irrugú To bend this way. a-irrugunyé To bend over this way. See: a-ɨrrág ‘To lie down’; aa-ɨrrʉɨ

kɔr ́ny; a-olól ‘To bend’; a-shúk ‘To bend roofing sticks’. v.prog. To

prevent the cows from moving further or in haste so as to settle them down to drink water. aɨrrʉ́ ́ inkíshú peê éôk ɛnkárɛ́ To prevent the cows from further movement so as to settle them down to drink water.

áa-ɨrrʉɨ To do sth. together in great numbers. áaɨrrʉɨ eŋúes toó sóito To throw stones in great numbers to an animal. a-irrúm [North] v. [North] To pant, breathe heavily and rapidly as a result of illness.

a-irrumó [North] [North] To have a problem breathing. a-irrumatú [North] v.incep. [North] To get out of breath. a-irrumokí [North] v. [North] To oblige s.o. to do sth. which is often (but not necessarily) wrong.

a-ɨrrʉ́ŋ Variant: ɨrʉ́ŋ. v. To snore. a-ɨrrʉŋʉrrʉ́ŋ Variant: a-ɨrʉŋʉrʉ́ŋ. v.prog. To snore heavily or constantly.

snore. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí ná ́rʉra aɨrrʉŋʉrrʉ́ŋ . The child who is sleeping is snoring. Óre taá doí ɔltásháláí 1 • To

laaíjō ɛlɛ̂ nɛ́mɛ́áta entóki nátúm amʉ̂ kɛ́ ́rrʉ́ŋʉ́rrʉ́ŋ ́ta aké. For an idler like this one, he will

never get anything because he is always snoring. This means he is always sleeping, not working. growl like a dog. Ɛg ́ra oldîâ aɨrrʉŋʉrrʉ́ŋ amʉ̂ ɛg ́ra ɨnkɛ́râ áaiguranie. The dog is growling because the children play with it. 2 • To

a-ɨrrʉshá

v. 1 • To

be thick in mass (eg. a thick book, thick hide). Ant: a-bɛbɛ́k ‘To be thin’. be viscuous. Usage: liquid. Imeókōyū olóshoró ɔ́ ́rrʉsha. A thick porridge is undrinkable. 2 • To

be huge. Usage: human. ɔltʉŋáni ɔɨrrʉ́sha A huge person. 3 • To

a-ɨrrʉshá ɔlŋɛjɛ́p To speak a foreign language with difficulty. a- ́s1 v. To show off to, try to impress, pretend to have knowledge. See: a-ɨs

́s ‘To praise’.

a- ́s [North]2

v. 1 • [North]

To be a person whose blessings and

cursings are effectual. 2 • [North] To alert, caution, warn. See: laiser ‘Person with magic’.

a-ɨsáb v. [North] To stroll. a-ɨsabɨsáb 1 • [North] To stroll about. 2 • To

move aimlessly via an indirect route or at no set pace, often in search of food; wander. Kɛ́nyā ilowuarák enkíné naɨsab ́sab. Wild animals will eat a goat that

wanders. 3 • To beat around the bush.

a-ɨsabɨsabak ́ To grab things without permission. a-ɨsaganyá v.mid. To squat. Ɛɨságányā táatá. He will squat today. (W). Ɛɨságányā oshî aké. He always squats. (W). Ɛɨságányɛ ŋolé. He squatted yesterday. (W). Míntóki aók kʉlɛ́ intáshe; ísaganyayú. Don't drink milk while standing; at least squat. (W).

a-ɨsalaác [North]

spread sth. out’.

v. [North]

To spread sth. out.

See: a-ɨsalaásh ‘To

a-ɨsalaásh v. To spread sth. out. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí aɨsalaásh ɔlkáráshá. The child is spreading out the sheet. This is

distinguished from a-lɔ́ 'to spread out to dry,' in that a-ɨsalaásh may be done for a variety of reasons, including to allow an item (eg. rug, paper) to be able to perform its normal function. See: alɔ́ ‘To spread out to dry’.

a-ɨsalaashá v.mid. To be spread out; relax. a-ɨsalát [North] v. [North] To mock, ridicule, make fun of, be sarcastic, jeer.

a-ɨsalaticó [North] v.apas. [North] To be a mocker. a-ɨsalatá v. To be bereaved. a-ɨsam ́s v.s. 1 • To stink strongly, typically from rotting (eg. a carcass, decaying food). Káítúko sógisí naá ́samɨsɨtâ. I washed the socks that stunk. (SN). See: a-ŋuoyú ‘To be rotten’; tóŋúá ‘To be rotten’.

be rotten. Kɛ́ ́samɨsáa (i) He is rotten. (S) (ii) They are all rotten. (K). Kɛ́ ́sámɨs. It is rotten. 2 • To

be fermented. Usage: milk. Áyíéú kʉlɛ́ naa ́sam ̂s. I want fermented milks. (W). 3 • To 4 • To

be profane, full of offensive insult. Kɛ́ ́sámɨs kʉlɔ́

ɔmɔ́n. This speech stinks. (SN). This is more than just critical. a-isamisú v.incep. 1 • To be rotten, go bad. Ɛg ́ra kʉ́lɛ náatií olkúkúrí áaisamisu. The milk in the calabash is going bad. (Pk). Ɛg ́ra ɛndáâ nátií emotí aisamisú. The food that is in the cooking pan is getting rotten. (Pk). Kéísámīsū. He will rot.

go sour, ferment (eg. of milk). Eisómīsū táatá. It will ferment today. (W). Ɛɨsɔ́m ̄sā ŋolé. It fermented yesterday. (W). Ɛɨsɔ́m ̄sā enkúkú. The calabash (of milk) has fermented. (W). Ɛɨsɔ́m ́sɨtá nɛná lɛ. That milk has fermented. (W) (lit: Those milks have fermented.). Syn: a-ŋú ‘To stink’. See: a-isiijó ‘To become sour, fermented’. 2 • To

a-ɨsampásh

wander.

v.prog. To

roam, spread out, or hang around aimlessly;

a-ɨsampɨshɔ́ To spread out, wander. a-ɨsampú v. To harvest. a-ɨsampɨshɔ́ To gather, collect, harvest. See: ɛnk ́sámpúarɛ ‘Harvest’.

a-ɨsamulumuloó

v.away. To

carry sth. away without being noticed. See: a-isudoó ‘To hide sth.’.

a-ɨsankál v. To joke, jest. ɔl-tʉŋáni ɔɨsánkal A jesty person, s.o. who teases. a-isankulukúl [North] v. [North] To be unkempt, disheveled. a-ɨsáŋ v. To sway. a-ɨsapɨsapaá [North] v. [North] To drive or lead sth. slowly and gently (eg. livestock, a child).

a-ɨsarác [North] v. [North] To be filthy. a-ɨsárd [North] v. [North] To scatter. Kɛ́ ́sard. They will be scattered. (S). Kɛ́ ́sárda. They are spread/scattered. (S).

a-ɨsardák v. To scatter sth. Ɛg ́ra ɨnkɛ́râ áaɨsardak intóto ɛnyɛ̂. The children are scattering their pebbles. (Pk). a-ɨsardakíé 1 • [North] To scatter sth. 2 • To

scatter with, at; cause to scatter. 3 • To annihilate, route.

a-ɨsardakinó v.mid. To be scattered over sth. Ɛg ́ra inóilîîn áaɨsardakino entîm. The gazelles are/have scattered over to the bush. (Pk).

a-isarím [North] v. [North] To suspect s.o. of having stolen. a-ɨsarɨsár v. To hurry. See: a-ɨsarrɨsárr ‘To hurry’. a-ɨsarkín v. To desecrate; spoil or defile a ceremony; make unholy. sárkîn adj. Defiled; desecrated; unholy. Ɛg ́ra aɨtaá kɛwán sárkîn. He is making himself defiled. a-ɨsarkiníé To cause the defilement of a ceremony. Ɛg ́ra aɨsarkiníé kɛwán. He is defiling himself. a-isarríé [North] v. [North] To burn to a crisp; scorch. a-ɨsarrɨsárr Variant: a-ɨsarɨsár. v. To walk fast, hurry. Ɛg ́ra ɨnkɛ́râ áaɨsarrɨsarr áapuo sukúul. The children are walking fast to school. (Pk). See: a-siooyó ‘To walk quickly’; a-ɨnapɨnáp ‘To walk quickly’; a-isurokí ‘To walk quickly’.

a-ɨsɛɛ́r [North]

To make a noise, by boys at night to let others know where they are; by animals when attacked.

a-ɨsɛɛ́rr

v. [North]

v.prog. 1 • To

make a noise to let others know where you are (eg. boys walking at night); yodel. Ɛg ́ra ŋolé ɨlmʉ́rrân áa ̄sɛɛrr kewaríé. The warriors were yodelling last night. (Pk). Kɛ́ísɛ́ɛrr aikó ánaa iltʉ́ŋáná oópuonú bátísho. They make wild screams as if they are a people coming for danger. 2 • [North] To make a noise, as when an animal wants to attack another, or wants to get to its calf. Usage: animals. Ká ́sɛɛ́rr ́ta.

He is hollering. (S). See: a-igór ‘To holler’.

a-ɨsɛgɛ́l v.prog. To tilt; set on edge. See: ɔ-sɛ́gɛ́l ‘Edge’. a-iseiseyíé v. 1 • To keep on touching gently. The touch should be repetitive.

See: a-ɨbʉ́ŋ ‘To

touch’.

shake sth. by tapping (particularly sth. lying). Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí aiseiseyíé ɛnká ́ naɨrʉ́ra. The child is shaking the other one who is sleeping. (Pk). See: a-ipiripír; a-ɨŋʉnʉŋʉ́n; aigusugús; a-ɨpɔ́sh; a-inyenyé; a-ɨkíj ‘To shake’. 3 • [North] To move sth. small back and forth horizontally or vertically, without effort. 2 • To

a-isekaá

[North]: ɨsɛgaá. v.dir. To

spit far away. For Pk, this is a nonverbal expression of pride and contempt for sth. See: a-ɨsɨkaá; anɔtá ‘To spit’; ɛnk-ámʉ́lák ‘Spit blessing’.

a-ɨsɛlɛɛ́j v. To do sth. secretly. a-ɨsɛlɛɛjʉ́ v.dir. To bring secretly. a-ɨsɛlɛɛjaá v.dir. To take sth. away secretly. a-ɨsɛlɛɛjarí v.dir v.mid. To go secretly; sneak out. a-ɨsɛnyɨsɛ́ny v.prog. To jog. a-ɨsɛpɛ́ v. To be greedy; gluttonous. ɔltʉŋáni ɔɨsɛ́pɛ̄ person who is greedy, gluttonous. See: a-lubó ‘To be hungry’; a-ʉlʉ́ ‘To eat heavily’.

a-isér v. To rebel, revolt. a-ɨsɛrpɛ́p v. To lay sth. horizontally. a-ɨsɛrpɛpiarí, a-ɨsɛrpɛparí v.dir v.mid. To slither; creep. a-ɨsɛrʉ́ [North] v. [North] To defeat s.o. in a contest of fear. Káysɛ́rʉ́a. I have defeated him (in a fear contest). The contest could be anything that some people might be afraid to do, such as each of two warriors holding a piece of fire against his arm, to see who will give up first, or jumping off a great height.

ɨsɛʉ́sɛʉ

Nom sg: ɨsɛ́ʉsɛʉ. n. Living

things; animate.

a-ɨsɛʉsɛ́ʉ́

have the whole or part of the body move slightly. See: a-ɨŋɔɨŋɔ́ ́ ‘To move slightly’.

a-iseyíé

v. To

Variant: a-iseyé. In some suffixed forms: a-iseyíék. v. To

touch sth.

very gently; feel. Míséyie aké ɛndâ mús oóltórok amʉ̂ eŋórisho. Don't disturb/touch that swarm of bees because they sting. (W). Note: kk spells this as a-iseiyíé, but it is phonetically the same as a-seyyí

a-iseiseyíé 2 • To

1 • To

keep touching.

stir up. 3 • To wake up.

a-iseyiseyíé [North] v. [North] To wave back and forth, shake. a-isiaaí v. To serve; work for; attend. aisiaaí olaigúɛ́nani To serve the chief. See: e-síáai ‘Work’.

a-isiadʉ́ v.dir. To lag behind, come last. a-isidak ́ v.dat. To lag behind. Kóre ɔpá k ́ndʉ́rr ́tâ áapuo enetií ɛnkárɛ, ɔlálɛ́ loó nkíshú âŋ náaiturukito, nɛ́sʉjak ́ ɔlálɛ lóo nkíshú ɔɔ́ Ɛmpapá, nɛ́ ́sɨadákɨ ɔlálɛ lóo nkíshú oó Lemeín. When we were moving to

where water is, then the group of our cows was the first one, followed by a group of Empapa's cows, then lastly the group of Lemein's cows. (W). See: a-ɨŋɔpʉ́ ‘To lag’.

a-ɨsɨaj v. To clear, clear of rain; open up. a-isiajá v.mid. To be plain, flat, cleared. Néítokiní áajo Gɨlái tɛ nkárak ́ ɛnkɔ́p naɨs ́ája. They are called Gilai because of the land that is plain. (KS).

a-ɨs ́áp [North]

[àɪ ̀syáp] v. 1 • To

cover; close (eg. a container, sleeping person). See: a-itoíp; a-pɨs ́ŋ; a-pukúr ‘To cover’. 2 • To have intercourse.

a-ɨsɨapaá [North] [North] To cover over. a-ɨsɨapɨs ́áp [North] 1 • [North] To cool down a boiling pot of

food. 2 • [North] To soothe or console a child back to sleep.

a-isiapírd

v. To

scatter; disperse. aisiapírd ɨntaré To scatter the

sheep. Ɛg ́ra ɔláyíóní aiturrúrr ɨntaré amʉ̂ eisiapírdatɛ. The boy is gathering together the sheep because they are scattered. (Pk). See: a-ɨdapásh ‘To scatter’.

a-isíásh

a heavy blow on sth., using hand, tool, or weapon; make unconcious; smite; knock down. Ɛt́ ánáŋíé ɔláyíóní enkitejó ɔlcʉrtɛ́t néísīāsh. A boy hit a hare with a club and made it unconcious. (Pk). 2 • To flatten. 3 • To straighten.

a-isiashá

v.prog. 1 • Inflict

v.mid. To

be a clear or unobstructed space or expanse of land or water. ɛnkɔ́p naisíásha (i) a clear land (ii) a plain.

a-isiashá ɔltáʉ To have clean and clear intentions deriving

from ethical or moral principles, which govern one's thoughts and actions. aatá ɔltáʉ́ oisíásha To have clear conscience (lit: to have a heart that is unobstructed).

a-isiaúl v. To say things jokingly; be funny. ɔl-tʉŋáni ɔɨsíáʉl A comical person. a-isíc [North] v. 1 • [North] To coax a cow to accept a calf. 2 • [North]

To coax a cow to be milked.

a-ɨsɨɛ́c [North] v. [North] To knock down. a-ɨsɨɛcá [North] v.mid. [North] To be knocked down. ísíêt num. Eight. Ɛɛ́ta inkíshu árɛ ɨlk ́ ísíêt. The teats of two

cows are eight. (Pk). Etymology: From Proto-Kalenjin *sisi:t (Heine, Rottland & Vossen 1979:77). Note: C. Ehret disagrees with Heine, Rottland & Vossen; see Ethiopians in East Africans, maybe culture history of the Southern Sudan 1983. Etymology: Ehret: From an Eastern Cushitic language in which Proto-East-Cushitic *z > y. The Kalenjin word is from a language in which the *z was preserved..

a-isíg v. Usage: animals. To be in heat, want to mate. a-ɨs ́g [North] [North] To flee, escape. See: a-ɨs ́k ‘To flee, escape’. a-isigíé [North] [North] To chase, cause to flee. a-ɨsɨgaá [North] v. [North] To spit forcefully through the teeth. See: a-nataá

[North] ‘To spit through the lips’.

a-isiicó [North] v. [North] To be salty or sour. a-ɨsɨ ́d v. To pull a liquid or a queue into a line; align; array. a-ɨsɨɨdaá To shoot a liquid far off through a narrow pipe. áa-ɨsɨɨdari To follow each other in a line. See: a-yíét ‘To stretch, a-isiijó

pull’; a-ɨsɨŋɨ ́d ‘To pull into line’. v. To

become sour, ferment. isamís ‘To go bad, sour’.

a-ɨsɨɨshɔ́

See: a-kú ‘To

ripen, brew beer’; a-

[North]: a-ɨsɨɨcɔ́,

a-isiicó. v. 1 • To taste sour (eg. milk, lemons). Kɛ́ ́s ́ ̄cɔ̄ kʉná kʉ́lɛ. This milk is sour. (SN).

taste salty. Kɛ́ ́s ́ ̄shɔ̄ aná kíriŋó olêŋ. This piece of meat is too salty. 3 • To want to argue; want to resist an attack. 2 • To

́g. v.prog. To run away, flee, escape. Ɛ́ ́sɨk. He will run away / escape. Ɛɨsɨk ́ta. She is running away. Kɛ́ ́s ́gâ. They have run away. (S). Kóre peê ɛ́dɔ́l iyioó lósowuaní nɛ́arári áaɨsɨg. When the buffalo saw us, they ran away fleeing. (SN). Kɛ́ ́sɨg ́ta rónkon. The dik-diks will run away. (SN). For mk, this is not a permanent departure.

a-ɨs ́k

[North]: a-ɨs

a-isikíé v.inst. To run away with. a-ɨsɨkak ́ v.dat. To flee to. See: a-kúɛ́t ‘To run’; a-ipirrí ‘To run away’. a-ɨsɨkaá v. To spit. Ɛg ́ra ɔltásât aɨsɨkaá inkamʉlák ɔ́ lkumpaú. The old man is spitting saliva (from the chewing) of tobacco. (Pk).

a-ɨsɨkak ́ by’.

Syn: a-nɔtaá

‘To spit’. To spit to.

See: a-nɔtá ‘To

spit close

a-ɨsɨkarrá a-isikitóí

v.mid. To

adorn one's self; be adorned.

be yellow. Éísikítóí túlélēī ɛná tulélēī. This sodom apple is yellow. (Pk). v. To

a-ɨsɨkɔ́ŋ v. To rebuke; chastise. a-isíl [North] v.prog. [North] To comb. Káísílíto ngwé. (=nkúé ?) I'm combing my head. a-isilén v. 1 • To borrow from. Áayewûô ɛldɛ̂ páyian aisilén iropiyianí áainéī. That man has come to borrow money

from me. (Pk). This kind of 'borrowing' implies a promise to return the item, or pay back the money. See: a-pará ‘To borrow without promise to return’. lend to. Áagɨrâ ɛldɛ̂ páyian aisilén iropiyianí ɛnyɛ́na. That man is lending me his money. (Pk). 3 • To have a debt. 2 • To

a-isilenú v.dir. To borrow, indebt one's self; lend; rent. a-ɨsɨl ́g v. 1 • To trust. 2 • To

expect. 3 • To hope. 4 • To promise.

a-ɨsɨlɨgʉ́ To expect. a-isilisíl v.prog. To cause suffering to; trouble, afflict, persecute. See: a-ɨtanyamál ‘To

trouble’.

a-isilisiló [North] v. [North] To be serrated. a-ɨs ́m v. 1 • To take or do by some degree of force (eg. grab, compel, talk down to s.o., plunder). Á ́s ́máyie ɨna k ́tɛ́ŋ hɔ́ɔ ́ nɛ́mɛ́nā áí. I have taken that cow by force (and/or refused to give it back), even though it is not mine. (Pk). Eisimáyie Kónené isilinkiní áinéi. Konene has taken my money by force. (W). See: a-uáp ‘To snatch’; a-yá ‘To take’; a-ɨkɔ́ny; aɨbʉ́ŋ ‘To seize’.

2 • To

accuse unjustifiably.

a-ɨsɨmaá a-ɨsɨmʉ́

v.dir. To

take sth. away by use of strength; seize.

v.dir. 1 • To

lie repeatedly. 2 • To insist on, force an idea on.

a-ɨsɨmaríé

bulldoze one's way to get or do sth. 2 • To take sth. forcefully from s.o. 3 • [North] To kidnap.

a-ɨsɨmak ́ 2 • To

v.dir v.inst. 1 • To

v.dat. 1 • To

force s.o. to do sth.

force in. 3 • To compel towards. 4 • To force to accept.

a-ɨsɨmakinó a-ɨsɨná

v.dat v.mid. 1 • To

plunder or grab from each other. 2 • To struggle against one another. 3 • To force oneself to do sth. v. To

be(come) depressed, troubled, sad; the condition is described as being not happy, sometimes associated with crying, possibly because of a troubling situation. Kɛ́ ́s ́nā. He will get depressed/He gets depressed (ie. he is that kind of person) (Pk). Ɛg ́ra aɨsɨná amʉ̂ étómítíókokí élô aɨsʉmá. He/she is looking sad because he/she has been denied a chance to go to study. (Pk). ɔltʉŋáni ɔɨs ́nā person who is depressed, troubled.

a-ɨsɨnanú v.incep. To become depressed. Kóre peê eyé ŋotonyé Jôn, nɛ́ ́sɨnánu Jôn olêŋ. When Jon's mother passed away, Jon was very depressed.

a-ɨsɨnanúó a-ɨsɨnanúá [West] a-ɨsɨnaníó [North]

v.mid. For

W, the term describes a low quiet mood, perhaps after an individual has cried and cried, that results from a particular situation which cannot be reversed or

helped by others such as failure, victimization, bereavement, complete loss of one's cattle, etc. The feeling may be brief or prolonged. This feeling may also be shared by sympathetic people who know and care about the individual's state. In W, the word would not describe s.o. who is in a low mood for no reason. The primary sense of this term is to have lack, desperate need, and poverty; but it can also be used with reference to a rich person who is sad and depressed.To become depressed; be mentally obsessing on the depression itself or over the situation that has brought about the depression; be sorrowful. Ká ́s ́nánīō olêŋ. I am very depressed (or lonely). (SN). Múntóki aɨsɨnaníó. Stop being dejected/depressed/sad (eg. said to a child who has experienced loss of his/her goat). (SN). Kéísinánīō amʉ̂ nkitók ɛnyɛ́ nátua ŋolé He is feeling loss because his wife died yesterday. (SN). Kéísinánīō amʉ̂ kɛ́taráyiekí nkíshú ɛnyɛ́naá pɔɔk ́. He is poor (needy) because all his cows were raided. (SN). See: a-gɨrá ‘To be quiet’; a-rɔ́k ɔ́shɔ́kɛ ‘To be unsociable’.

a-ɨsɨnɨgá

v.mid. 1 • To

stiffen one's muscles. 2 • To be uneasy; unrelaxed. See: ɔ-s ́nɨg ‘Calf muscle’.

a-isinkán v.prog. To serve; work for; attend. See: o-sinká ‘Slave’. a-ɨsɨŋɨ ́d v. To pull a liquid or a queue into a line; align. See: asɨ ́d ‘To pull into a line’.

a-isionisíón v. To walk hurriedly. Usage: colloquial. aisionisíón aɨŋataá ɨlmaŋátī To walk hurriedly away from the enemies. Syn: a-isiosíón

a-isíóŋ

suspend; hang. 2 • To let down.

a-isiorɔ́g

v.prog. 1 • To

‘To be in a hurry’.

v. To

dampen s.o's excitement about sth.; demotivate, discourage. Ísíórɔ́g ́ta ɛnkɛ́ráí inó, tápala You are demotivating your child, leave it.

a-isiorɔgá v.mid. To be timid, shy; demotivated. a-ɨsɨp ́l v. To isolate; make sth. remain without companion. a-ɨsɨpɨlá v.mid. To stand alone; live alone. a-ɨsɨpɨlʉ́ To bring sth. on its own, without companion. a-ɨsɨpɨlarí To go alone. a-ɨsɨráí v. 1 • To feel remorse for; feel sorry for; This can also be used

for confession in a church, where a person confess to God (before a priest). aɨsɨráí ɨntɔrrɔ̂k To feel sorry for the bad deeds. 2 • To feel or express a desire or hope concerning sth.; wish. Ká ́s ́rai elótótó ɛ Nairobi. I have a desire for the journey to Nairobi. See: a-ŋúár ‘To have a desire for’.

a-ɨsɨrdɨ ́d

2 • To

[North]: a-ɨsʉrdɛɛ́d. v. 1 • To

pull apart.

I-siria Escarpment Maasai person’.

a-ɨsɨrɨkán

n.prop. Isiria

stretch into a line; lengthen.

Escarpment.

See: o-sírianí ‘Siria

v. To

hang meat for using later; dessicate ? See: sɨrɨkán ‘Hung meat’.

a-isirikanaá v. To utilize sth. little by little; spend carefully. aisirikanaá ɛndáa peê mésíóki aɨshʉnyɛ́ To use food little by little so that it doesn't run out soon.

a-ɨsɨrɨr ́ v.s. 1 • To be straight. Ɛshɔmɔ́ yíéyîô ɛmpárɛ̂t nɛ́yaʉ olkíkwá ɔɨsɨr ́rɨ. My mother went to the farm and she brought a (long) straight sugar cane. (W). Kɛ́ ́sɨr ́rɨ. [kɛ́ysɪ ́ɾɪ ̀ɾɪ ́] They are straight. (S). Eisírīrīū ɛlɛ́ shɛ́tā olêŋ. This tree will become straight. (W). Kɛ́g ́ra aisiririé. He is making it straight. See: a-itoriorí ‘To be straight’; a-shó ‘To straighten, be straight’. To make straight, line up. Kéíksiriríto. He is making them straight. (S -K). 2 • [North] 3 • To

be mentally normal. Usage: Colloquial. Eyéwuo ɛnkɛráí

nɛ́mɛ́ ́s ́r ́rɨ aɨtanyamalɨshɔ́. The child that is abnormal has come to cause problems. (Pk).

a-ɨsɨrk ́ny

v. 1 • To

cause an injury or damage by scouring the outer layer of sth. using a rough or sharp object. 2 • To be slippery. See: a-k ́ny ‘To peel off’.

a-ɨsɨrkɨnyarí abrade’.

a-isirŋáŋ

v.dir v.mid. To

slide or slip away.

See: a-ɨsɨrk

́ny ‘To slide;

v. 1 • To

cause temporal shock or inability to continue what one was doing before; hang in the air. 2 • To leave stranded; put ashore on a desolate place and abandon. aisirŋáŋ ɔltʉŋáni te ntîm To leave s.o. stranded in the bush.

a-isirŋaŋá To be stranded. See: a-iŋasíá ‘To worry’. a-ɨsɨrrɨs ́rr v. To urinate drop by drop. Nɛ́ ́tɛrʉ enkítok airút, nɛ́ ́tɛrʉ aɨsɨrɨs ́r ɨnkʉ́lák. The woman started panicking and she started urinating a bit at a time.

a-ɨsɨrɨsɨraá To drop little by little; sprinkle. See: a-lʉ́t ‘To urinate’. a-ɨs ́s v. To express approval of, commend, exalt, glorify. Ɛg ́ra ɨnkɛ́râ áaɨsɨs ɛnkÁí áaranyakɨ. The children are glorifying God (by) singing. (Pk). Míntóki aɨs ́s kɛwɑ́n amʉ̂ mɨláŋ siî íyīē ɨlkʉl ́kā ̄. Stop praising yourself because you are not better than others. (Pk). Á ́sɨs. I will ́ praise him/them. Áaɨsɨs. I will praise you (sg). Ɨsɨs. You (sg) will praise him/them. K ́sɨs. You (sg) will praise me. K ́sɨs. He/They will praise you (sg). Ɛ́ ́sɨs. He/They will praise. Áaɨs ́s. He/They will praise me. Ɛ́ ́sɨs. He/They will praise him/them. Ɛ́ ́sɨs ɨntá ́. He/They will praise you (pl). K ́ɨs ́s. We will praise him/her/it/them. K ́ɨs ́s iyíé. We will praise you (sg). K ́ɨs ́s ɨntá ́. We will praise you (pl). Ɨś ́s ́sɨ. You (pl) will praise him/her/it/them. K ́s ́s ́sɨ. You (pl) will praise

me. K ́sɨs n ́ncɛ. They will praise you (sg). Á ́s ́sa. I praised (s.o.). Áá ́s ́sa. I praised you (sg). Á ́s ́sa ɨntá ́. I praised you (pl). Á ́s ́sa nɨncɛ́. I praised them. Ɨś ́sa. You (sg) praised him/them. K ́s ́sa. (1) You (sg) praised me. (2) He praised you (sg). K ́s ́sâ. (1) They praised you (sg). (2) You (pl) praised me. Ɛ́ ́s ́sá. He praised s.o. Ɛ́ ́s ́sâ They praised s.o. Ɛ́ ́s ́sâ iyíóók. He/they praised us. Ɛ́ ́s ́sâ ɨntá ́. They praised you (pl). Ɛ́ ́s ́sá ɨntá ́. He praised you (pl). K ́sɨsâ. We praised (s.o.). Ɨś ́sâ. You (pl) praised him/them. Ɨś ́sâ iyíóók. You (pl) praised us. Ɛɨsɨs ́. He/They will be praised. Áaɨsɨsak ́. I have been praised. K ́s ́sákɨ. You (sg) have been praised. Ɛɨsɨsákɨ. He/they have been praised. Ɛɨsɨsákɨ ɨntá ́. You (pl) have been praised. Á ́s ́s ́ta nɨnyɛ́. I am praising him/her. Á ́s ́s ́ta nɨncɛ́. I am praising them. Áá ́s ́s ́ta. I am praising you (sg). Á ́s ́s ́ta ɨntá ́. I am praising you (pl). Ɨś ́s ́ta nɨnyɛ́. You (sg) are praising him/her. Ɨś ́s ́ta iyíóók. You (sg) are praising us. K ́s ́s ́ta. (i) You (sg) are praising me. (ii) She is praising you (sg). Ɛɨsɨs ́ta nɨnyɛ́. She is praising him. Ɛɨsɨs ́ta iyíóók. She is praising us. Áaɨsɨsɨta. She is praising me. K ́s ́s ́ta n ́nyɛ. She is praising you (sg). K ́sisɨta. We are praising (s.o.). K ́sɨsɨta nɨncɛ́. We are praising them. K ́sɨsɨta iyíé. We are praising you (sg). Ɨś ́s ́táta iyíóók. You (pl) are praising us. K ́s ́s ́táta. You (pl) are praising me. Ɨś ́s ́táta nɨncɛ́. You (pl) are praising them. K ́s ́s ́ta n ́ncɛ. They are praising you (sg).

a-ɨsɨsá

be renowned. worship, to adore’.

a-ɨsɨsaá a-isísh

v.mid. To

v. To

See: a-rrɛ́p ‘To

praise’; a-sɛrɛ́m ‘To

command a dog to run after s.o. or sth.

[Purko]: a-isíj. v. 1 • To

coax; woo; use 'good' words to try to get

s.o. to do sth. Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aɨs ́sh enkíné mɛtɔ́nyɔra

olkúo. The woman is coaxing the goat to like the kid. (Pk). 2 • To

inflict pain on an animal to make it care for its young; coax. In S, this word is more likely used for goats, sheep, or people, and a-ɨpɛ́k is more likely used for cows. • With reference to animals, this is done on the rare occasion that an animal despises its young. In S, the method varies by the animal as follows: for cows, air is blown into the the birth canal. For goats, their tail is shoved tightly into the birth canal, and perhaps a strap is tied tightly in the mouth. For sheep, the mouth is tied tighly with a strap, and the animal is tethered, and not allowed to graze for a day or so. In Pk, this is done by putting salt into the birth canal of a cow, or putting salt on the young of a sheep or goat. Syn: a-ɨpɛ́k ‘To coax a despising mother’.

a-isishokí v.dat. To coax for. a-isíú v. 1 • To be empty. Kéísiu ɛnkáji. The house is empty. 2 • To be open. Kéísiúta. It is open. (S). a-isiuisíú v. To have openings in many places (eg. several doors and windows).

a-isiusíú v. To blow wind. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɔ̂p aisiusíú amʉ̂ kétíī osiwúó ɛnkɔ̂p. The land is blowing wind. (lit: The land is

blowing-wind because there is wind (in) the land.) (Pk). See: akʉ́t ‘To blow wind’.

a-isiwuokí

v. 1 • To

eat some food in the morning prior to the right

time of eating. 2 • [North] To sleep without eating food; fast.

a-ɨsogɛ́t [Chamus]

v. [Chamus]

To cry. [North] ‘To cry’; a-isogisóg ‘To sob’.

See: a-ɨsh

́r ‘To cry’; a-ɨc ́r

a-isogisóg [North] v. [North] To sob, cry with heavy breathing. a-ɨsɔkɔrʉ́ v. To work to earn; work for. aɨsɔkɔrʉ́ ɛndáa To work to earn food. See: ɛ-sɔ́kɔr ‘Market; workplace; job’.

a-ɨsɔ́m

Variant: a-ɨsʉ́m. v. 1 • To

read. Kéyíólo pápâ aɨsɔ́ma

mpála. My father knows how to read papers/books. (SN). 2 • [North]

read’.

To go to school. Borrowed word: Swahili. See: a-ɨsʉ́m ‘To

a-ɨsɔm ́s v. To be unfresh (as of milk). "Lɔ́ mʉrraní, ɛ́kʉlɛ́ naáropíl íyíéú anáa ɛ́kʉlɛ́ naá ́sɔ̄m ̄s? Oh warrior, do you want milk that is fresh, or milk that is unfresh?

a-ɨsɔm ́t v. To be sour. Ɛɨsɔ́mɨt kʉná lɛ. This milk is sour. (W). a-ɨsɔm ́t v.prog. To pester; harass. See: a-isorú ‘To harass continually’. a-ɨsɔmpɨrá v. To swim. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkáyíóní aɨsɔmpɨrá tɛ nkárɛ.

The boy is swimming in the water. (Pk). See: a-ár ɛnkárɛ́; a-sʉjarɛ́; a-pór ɛŋkárɛ́; a-lɔ́p (ɛŋkárɛ́) ‘To swim’.

a-isór

v. 1 • To

poke about. 2 • To do a rough, incomplete job. This could apply to making a rungu for an impending fight that will be thrown away afterwards, but must be ready quickly, or even making a quick lunch before leaving the house. 3 • To clean up by removing what is not necessary or required. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aisór ɨntaré agɛlʉ́ ɨnaamuêî. The man is removing the unhealthy (or sick) goats and sheep. (Pk).

a-isoroó This could be in a race, when chased, or in leaving a lame cow behind.To leave the rest behind.

a-isordonú [North] v.incep. [North] To get muddy. Kéísórdónó. He got muddy. (S). See: o-sordó ‘Muddy silt’. a-isorú v. To pester. This can be done to a particular person or group of people.

See: a-ɨsɔm

a-ɨsɔs ́ɔ́ [North]

́t ‘To pester’.

v.prog. 1 • [North]

To make sth. complete, finish constructing. This could be a house, a calabash -- but only in finishing initial construction, not in repair. 2 • [North] To restore an animal that can't get up by bringing it food and water. Kɛ́ ́sɔsɨɔn ́ta. He is bringing grass for his cow. (S).

a-isosíón v. 1 • To hurry up. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkáyíóní aisosíón aló ɨntaré. The boy is hurrying to go and look after the goats/sheep. (Pk).

be efficient (eg. in work). ɔltʉŋáni oisósion i) an effecient person ii) a fast person. This refers to a long-term, permanent property. Ant: a-maa ́ ‘To be docile, sluggish’. See: aisionisíón ‘To walk hurriedly’. 2 • To

a-isót v. To drink in sips; sip. aɨsɔ́t kʉlɛ́ To sip milk. a-isotokí This is usually done by warriors. When they get into a

home, of a certain clan, the warrior of that clan will take upon himself to feed the rest. He will visit each house in the homestead to gather gourds of milk for the other warriors. For each gourd, a warrior who opens and take the first sip, aisotokí, passes it on to another who will drink the contents but leave just little, ɔl-mɔ́ŋɔ́, that will be taken back with the gourd.To sip for (ahead of).

a-isotíé To drink along with; eat together with. a-isotú v. 1 • To sip. 2 • To

take milk and other foods after a period of eating meat in the bush. See: a-ɨtashaló ‘To take milk after a meat-eating period’.

a-ɨsuaak ́ [North]

ɨsúák ‘To splash’.

[àɪ ̀swaakɪ ́] v.dat. [North]

To splash onto.

See: a-

a-isuaayá v. 1 • To splash about, "make a splash". Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí aisuaayá ɛnkárɛ́ tɛ bɔ́ɔ. The child is splashing out water

outside the house. (Pk). 2 • To pour out violently, dump out into the open (as when rinsing out a cup). 3 • To sprinkle around. See: a-isúák ‘To splash’; a-ibukoó ‘To pour away’.

a-isúák v. To splash about, make a splash; sprinkle. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí aisúák kʉlɛ́ tɛ bɔ́ɔ. The child is splashing out milk

outside the house. (Pk). See: a-isuaayá ‘To splash about, "make a splash"’.

a-ɨsʉ́c [North]

v. [North]

To wash dishes. This cannot be used for washing clothes. See: a-ɨsʉ́sh1 ‘To clean a calabash’; a-ɨsʉ́j ‘To wash sth.’.

a-isudoó v. 1 • To hide sth. physical. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí asiudoó ɛmbúku tɛ nk ́lâ. The child is hiding the book in the cloth. (Pk).

put aside for safekeeping. Ɛg ́ra ɨnkɛ́ra asiudoó intóto ɛnyɛ̂. The children are putting aside their pebbles for safekeeping.(Pk). 2 • To

a-isudoríé To hide from s.o. a-isudoró To be hidden. a-isudorí To hide oneself. Néísudóri, nɛ́jɨŋ ɛnkɨt ́ gúmótó. It hid, it entered into a small hole. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí nátaará ɛnká ́ asiudorí. The child who beat the other is hiding. (Pk). Kéísudóri táatá. He/she is hiding now. Kéísudórí táatá. He/she will be hidden. (SN). a-isudoriyíé To use sth. as a hiding place for sth. else. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkáyíóní asidudoriyíé embúku ɔlbɛ́nɛ́. The boy is hiding the book in the bag. (Pk).

a-isudokí To hide sth. for s.o. See: a-nʉ́k ‘To hide information’. a-ɨsʉgaá v. 1 • To sniff; inhale. Ɛg ́ra ɛmpapá aaɨsʉgaá ɔlcaní. My father is trying to sniff the medicine. (W). See: ɛnaɨsʉg ́ ‘Snuff’. 2 • [North] To sniffle.

a-ɨsʉgʉ́m

v.prog. To

coerce; cause s.o. to do sth. through pressure or necessity physically or emotionally. aɨsʉgʉ́m mɛ́ ́nɔsá ɛndáa nɛ́mɛ́nyɔ́r To coerce to eat food that he doesn't like. Borrowed word: Swahili, 'sukuma'.

a-ɨsʉgʉmak ́ To coerce s.o. to do sth. a-ɨsʉgʉsʉ́g v. 1 • To sob. Ɛɨsʉgʉ́sʉg ɛnkɛráí teníār ̄. A child will sob when beaten. 2 • [North] To whimper, weep quietly.

pull in air audibly through the nose; sniff. Ɛg ́ra oldîâ aɨsʉgʉsʉ́g amʉ̂ eiŋúáyie ɛndââ. The dog is sensing an odor of food by audibly inhaling through the nose. See: aɨsʉgaá ‘To inhale’. 3 • To

a-ɨsʉ́ ́

[àɪ ̀swɪ ́] v. 1 • To

roast, singe, scorch, so as to be able to peel off an outer layer of skin or bark. Ɛ́ ́sʉɨ ɨláyiok ɛlʉ́kʉ́nyá é nkíní áanya. The boys will singe/roast (CHECK) the goat's head for eating. The skin must be on the piece roasted (usually the head), but singeing is not necessarily done for the purpose of removing the skin. (S). 2 • [North] To warm up before singing and dancing, by jogging and shouting. In S, this is done in a straight line away from the group and back, one at a time. In K, the jogging is done in circles.

a-ɨsʉɨyá To be singed. See: ɛn-aɨsʉ ́ ‘Burnt head’. a-ɨsʉɨshɔ́ v. To be sour (eg. milk), bitter (eg. unripe fruit). Ɛɨsʉ ́shɔyú kʉ́lɛ ná ́rragâ ɨnkɔ́lɔŋɨ kúmōk. The milk

that lays out for many days will become sour. Milk, when old, can be either a-ɨsuɨshɔ́ 'sour', or /a-dúá/ 'bitter'. Whether it becomes 'sour' or 'bitter' depends upon where the milk comes from. If it comes directly from the cow, then the milk turns 'sour', and its sour form is suitable for serving. However, if the milk comes out of a carton, then it is not considered fresh and as soon as it becomes old, it is no longer considered to be suitable for any sort of consumption. Óre ɔlŋanayíói lɛɨtʉ́ ɛkʉ́ náa kɛ́ ́sʉ́ɨshɔ. A fruit that is not ripe is sour. (Pk).

a-isuishíé, a-isuijíé To make sour; make bitter. See: a-dúá ‘To be bitter’; a-isiijó ‘To be sour’.

a-ɨsʉ́j

wash sth. aɨsʉ́j ɨnkɨlání tɛ nkárɛ To wash clothes with water. 2 • To wash clothes. v. 1 • To

a-ɨsʉjá

1 • To

be washed. 2 • To wash self, take a bath, wash hands.

a-ɨsʉjayú To be washable. See: a-itukó ‘To wash’. a-itukú: ‘wash’. a-isukúd v. To make s.o. squat, crouch. a-isukudó v.mid. To squat; crouch. a-isukudó [North] v.mid. [North] To squat. a-ɨsʉkʉ́t v.s. To be sour; salty. Ámaâ kɛ́kʉlɛ́ naárropîl íyíéú anáa kɛ́kʉlɛ́ náá ́sʉkʉ̂t? Do you like fresh milk, or unfresh milk? Tɔrrɔ̂k kʉ́lɛ náaɨsʉkʉ̂t. The milk that is sour is not good. (W).

a-ɨsʉkʉtán [North] v. [North] To go sour. a-ɨsʉ́l1 v. 1 • To excel, be the best. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkáyíóní nányɔk aɨsʉ́l inkulîê tɛ sukúul. The boy who works hard is excelling in the class. (Pk). ɔltʉŋáni ɔ ́sʉl a person who is the best/excells. 2 • For

sth. to especially or particularly be the case. Nɛ́ākʉ̄

kéírímo ɔltʉŋáni ɛnkómom nɛ́ ́sʉ̄l inkúmeishin.

Somebody will have a spotted face, and particularly the nose. (Pk).

a-ɨsʉ́l2 v.prog. 1 • To whistle (either through the teeth or the hands). Ɛ́ ́sʉ́l ́ta. He is whistling. (W). Ɛɨsʉ́lāk ̄. He will whistle to him. (W).

whistle to. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aɨsʉ́l inkíshú etií shoó. The man is whistling to the cows while herding the cows. (Pk). 2 • To

a-ɨsʉlɨcɔ́ [North] [North] To whistle. a-ɨsʉ́m v.prog. 1 • To read, study. Á ́sʉ́m ́ta embúku sídáí. I'm ́ reading a good book. Ɨsʉmá embólúnotó eoŋúán. You

should study chapter four [eg. for the exam]. (W).

teach. Kɛ́g ́ra áaɨsʉmɨ aké íyīē subjects kúmok olêŋ. They are teaching many subjects. Borrowed word: Swahili. 2 • To

a-ɨsʉmɛ́

be educated, learnèd. ɔɨsʉ́mɛ one who is educated, learnèd. See: a-ɨsɔ́m ‘To read’. v.mid. To

a-ɨsʉmásh

be hungry. Á ́sʉ́māshā olêŋ. I became very hungry. (W). Á ́sʉ́māshū. I will become hungry. (W). Mayíéú náló inkíshú táatá amʉ̂ alo aɨsʉmásh. I don't want to go look after cows today because I will feel hungry. (W). See: ɛ-sʉ́mash ‘Hunger’.

a-isunkúr

v.s. To

pretend; be hipocritical. itaakunó ‘To pretend’.

a-ɨsʉ́ŋ

v. To

See: mákár ‘Pretend’; a-

fill up to the brim. aɨsʉ́ŋ ɛnkárɛ́ tɔ ltôô To fill up the barrel with water. v. To

a-ɨsʉŋá To be filled up. a-ɨsʉŋʉsʉ́ŋ v. 1 • To sound as if the nose is pinched. 2 • To

speak through the nose or when you have a cold. See: aɨsʉ́ŋ ‘To fill up’.

a-isúr v.prog. 1 • To poke, prod. aisúr olpááshíé metúpukú ɔlasʉráí To prod the fence so that the snake will get out. Áísúríto. I am poking it. (Pk). 2 • To speak badly of s.o. or sth. aisúr ɔltʉŋáni peê mɛ́gɛ́lʉ́n ̄ To speak badly about a person so that he/she is not elected. aisúr entítō peê mɛ́yám ́ To speak ill of a girl so that she does not get married (Pk). Áísúrito. I am speaking

badly of/poking/combing sth. See: a-inórr ‘To slander’. Ant: a-rrɛ́p ‘To praise, talk good about’. comb hair. aisúr ɨlpáp ́t peê esidanú To comb the hair so that he/she looks nice (Pk). 4 • To stoke the fire to stop it from dying out. 3 • To

To do sth. very early in the morning. Káísúr lotóto aló Nairóbi. I will go very early in the morning to Nairobi. (S). 5 • [North]

a-isurokí To poke into, thrust into. a-isurú v.dir. [North] To try, test. a-ɨsʉrbʉ́b v. To draw in or away by the force of suction. aɨsʉrbʉ́b ɛnkárɛ́ To draw in water by suction.

a-ɨsʉrdɛɛ́d [North]

v. 1 • [North]

To lengthen. 2 • [North] To tear up sth. large. Wagner (n.d., p. 119) notes this may refer to the work of a wild animal who has torn open the intestines of his prey and spread them all over. See: a-ɨsɨrdɨ ́d ‘To lengthen’.

a-ɨsʉrdɛɛ́ny v. To treat with contempt; mock. aɨsʉrdɛɛ́ny ɔltʉŋáni To mock a person. a-isureén v. To cut up meat and dry it. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aisureén inkírí. The man is cutting and drying meats. See: asureén ‘To cut up meat’.

a-isurokí [North] 2 • To

v. 1 • [North]

To walk quickly, be off quickly.

slip or slide into. 3 • [North] To burn off. See: a-isúr ‘To prod’; a-p ́k ‘To put into’.

a-isuruanú [North] v.incep. [North] To become sky blue, silvery. a-isurutianú [North] v.incep. [North] To become bronze or brasscoloured.

a-isus

v. To

fry or roast fermented corn over an open fire, until it is all brown in color.

a-ɨsʉsʉnkát v. To have a quick intelligence; be active; be smart. a-ɨsʉ́sh [North]2 v. [North] To make or command a dog to run after s.o. or sth.

a-ɨsʉ́sh1

2 • To

v. 1 • To

clean a calabash.

clean a container. 3 • To annihilate; wipe out.

a-ɨsʉshá a-isuujinó

v.mid. To

be cowardly. 2 • To have social weaknesses (eg. to not interact well, be unable to argue out one's opinions and concerns, be unable fight). See: o-suují ‘Coward’.

a-isuutó

v. 1 • To

be cleaned as in calabash.

v. To

be unhappy, dull.

a- ́sh

finish; end; be complete. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkíguran a ́sh ɛ́ ́tʉ̂ k ́dɔ̂l pɔɔk ́. The play is ending before we see it all. (Pk). Kótoyó alɛ́ ránkī lapatín aré oóɨshâ. This paint dried two months ago. (SN). Note: See usage note at a-ɨd ́p. See: aɨd ́p ‘To finish’; a-itíŋ ‘To finish’. v.prog. 1 • To

die; vanish. Ɛɨ́ sh ɛlɛ́ tʉ́ŋání. This man will die. (He is ill and in the process of dying.). Ɛg ́ra ɔlkúóô ómuei a ́sh. The sick kid is dying. (Pk). Ɛ́ ́shá. He is dead. See: a-yɛ́ ‘To die’; a-itianyá ‘To die’; a-ishú ‘To be alive’. 2 • To

1• 2•

a-ɨshaá

1 • To

2 • To

fit.

take away everything.

a-ishíé To bring it to an end; finish. a-ɨshʉ́ v.dir. In some suffixed forms: ɨshʉn. To finish sth.; complete. ́ ́ra ɛnkɛráí Ɛ ́shʉ ɛnkárɛ́. He will finish the water. Ɛg aɨshʉ́ kʉlɛ́ naátií enkúkúrí. The child is finishing the milk that is in the calabash. (Pk). Ná ́shʉ̄̀ ɨlarín aáre. I finished two years [in school]. (C). Níkipuo áaɨshʉ̄̀ táatá iwíkií uní. We will go and stay [there] for (to complete) three weeks. (C). Áíshūā ŋolé. I finished it yesterday. Ɛɨshúá ɔlápúrróní ɛnkɛɛnɛ́ ɛnyɛ́. The thief completed his jail term. (Pk). See: a-ɨd ́p ‘To finish sth.’.

be finished. Ɛɨshʉ́nyɛ̄̀. ~ Ɛ́ ́shʉ́nyɛ. It is finished (eg. the work, the sugar). (K). Nɛ́ɨshʉ́nyɛ̄̀ ɛnkátiní âî téínê. [ɛnkátiní àì] My story ends there. Kɛ́ɨshʉ́nyɛ ɛsʉ́kari. The sugar is finished. Káaɨshʉ́nyɛ ɔlkásî. My work is finished.

a-ɨshʉnyɛ́

a-ɨshak ́

v.dir v.mid. To

do everything possible vis-à-vis s.o. Á ́sháka. (i) I have filled it. (ii) I have said it all. (iii) I have given it all to him. Ɛt́ ányá ɔlpáyian ɛpalɨk ́ enkitók ɛnyɛ́ hɔ́ɔ ́ 1 • To

nɛ́ɨshaká ɛsáyíátá ɛnyɛ́ pɔɔk ́. The man has refused to forgive his wife even though she has done all the desperate pleading for it with him that she can. (Pk).

give the whole of; give fully. aɨshak ́ inkíshú To give all the cows. Káaishakíne ncân. The whole rain has rained on me (and I am completely wet.) (S). 2 • To

a-ɨsharí

1 • To

disappear entirely, pour out wholly.

die, be dead. Ɛg ́ra Jôn adɛmʉ́ ŋótónyé naɨshárɨ. Jon is remembering his mother who has passed away (ie. died). (W). 2 • To

a-ishakenú v.dir. To testify. Kélóíto aɨshakenú tɛ nkíguana táatá. He is going to testify in the meeting. (Pk). a-ishakenokí v.dat. To be a witness to. a-ishakenoó v.dir. To testify (publicly). Éntolíkí ɨltʉ́ŋáná méítokí áapuo áaishakenoo imónko tɔɔ́ nkíguɛnaritín. Tell the people to stop testifying lies in a-ɨshál

meetings. (Pk). See: shákénisho ‘Testimoney’. v. 1 • To

2 • To

a-ɨshám

be wet.

Usage: clothes,

people. Kɛ́ ́shal. It is wet. (S).

be alive. Usage: trees. Kɛ́ ́shal. It is alive. (S). [North]: a-ɨcamɨcám,

a-ɨshamɨshám. v. 1 • To taste (without

swallowing). n ́ákʉ́ enduarán kʉ́lɛ̄ oo nkíshú áinéí tɛ n ́nchām. and the milk of my cows be bitter if you taste. 2 • [North] To smell. 3 • To try.

a-ɨsham ́shám [àyʃìāmǐʃíám.] To taste sth., taste thoroughly. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkáyíárání aɨsham ́shám ɛndáa. The cook is tasting the food. (Pk). See: a-ɨnyɔrɨnyɔ́r ‘To taste’.

a-ɨshankárr v. To argue, quarrel, haggle. Nélo aɨshankárr ɨlɔmɔ́n nɛ́laikinôî áatoliki ɛs ́pátá. He argued until he could not be told the truth. (lit: He goes to argue talk and he

was failed to (be) told the truth.) (Pk). See: a-ɨlɛpɨlɛ́p ‘To make noise’; a-ɨtanyamál ‘To bother’.

a-ɨshankarrakinó together.

v.dat v.mid. To

argue with each other, argue

a-ɨshankárr v. To argue, quarrel, haggle. Nélo aɨshankárr ɨlɔmɔ́n nɛ́laikinôî áatoliki ɛs ́pátá. He argued until he could not be told the truth. (lit: He goes to argue talk and he was failed to (be) told the truth.) (Pk). See: a-ɨlɛpɨlɛ́p ‘To make noise’; a-ɨtanyamál ‘To bother’.

a-ɨshankarrakinó together.

a-ishankíl a-ɨshankúl

v. To

v.dat v.mid. To

loiter; wander.

v. To

argue with each other, argue

See: ɔl-cánkílí ‘Loitering

splash, stir up water. by an object that dips into water’.

See: shankúl ‘The

donkey’.

sound made

a-ushaŋitíé v. To waste, fritter away. a-ishiaá v. To be iconic; have a form that directly indicates function; worth. Kéíshíaa peê eitobiríéki ingumót. It is obvious (visually clear) that the function of this is to make holes [referring to a knife].

a-ishiarí To develop properly. oshî aké náashiári that

always go properly (C). See: a-ishiaakinó ‘To coincide with; be appropriate’; a-narɛ́; a-iririkí; a-nyɔrɛ́ ‘To be suitable’; ɨ-lálá lɛ́ kishiaá ‘Upper front teeth’.

a-ɨshɨaak ́ v.dat. To put sth. just right. a-ishiaakinó v. 1 • To be appropriate, suitable, proper. Kéíshiaakínō níkinyotóto áapuo ɛnkají ɔɔ́ Kent It is appropriate that we begin going to the house of Kent. Óre ɔlpayíán ɔ́ enkitók ɛnyɛ́ náa osésen obô nɛ́ākʉ̄ kéíshiaakínō nɛ́nyɔ̄rrā. A husband and his wife are one body and they should love one another. Kéíshiaakínō nɛ́ya intóiwúó naata ɛnk ́d ́mátá ɨnkɛ́ra sukúul. Parents

with the ability should take their children to school. (Pk). Ɛg ́ra ɛná báɛ̂ aishiaakinó peê ɛ́ ́d ́p ̂ tené. It is suitable for this matter to be settled here. (Pk). 2 • To coincide with.

be suitable. Kéíshíáákíno. It is suitable. (S). 4 • To be directly opposite, or directly in line with sth.; aligned. For example, as when two people sit face to face. 3 • To

a-ishiaakinoré 1 • To correspond to; be in line with. Éíshíáákínore olcáni ɛŋápɛ́. The tree is in line with the house-pole. (Pk). Kéíshiaakínoré. It is in line with it/him/her. 2 • To be opposite. 3 • To concide with.

a-ishiaak ́ 1 • To do sth. right, correctly. Kéíshɨááká enkítíbírata enkají. He has made the house in the right way. (S). Káɨshɨááká lomón latílíka. The information I

have given is right. (S). 2 • To attach or position securely; direct unwaveringly toward; put sth. where it belongs (eg. directly in the center).

a-ishiaakinoré

v tr. 1 • To

coincide with spatially, be in line with, be opposite to. Eishiaakínoré olcáni ɛŋápé. The tree is in line with the house-pole. (Pk). coincide with temporally, correspond to. Eéwuo ɛnkɔ́jɔŋáni aishiaakinoré ɛr ́shátá ɛ́ncān. The coming of mosquito has come to correspond to the rainy season. (Pk). See: a-narɛ́; a-iririkinó; a-nyɔrɛ́ ‘To be suitable’; ɛnaishía ‘What is required’. 2 • To

a-ishiaát a-ishíák

v. To

be fit; beautiful.

v. 1 • To

a-ishíám

v. To

taste.

See: shíáát ‘To

find, come upon. 2 • To be opposite.

be fit; beautiful’.

a-ishiamishám To taste sth. See: ɔl-cháméí ‘Taste’. a-ɨshɨásh v. To smash. a-shɨashá v.mid. To be smashed, be flat. a-ɨsh ́m v.prog. 1 • To chew and suck juice out of sth. (eg. from bones, leaves, sugar cane). Á ́sh ́m ́ta olkikúá. I am chewing the sugar cane. (W).

́ Ɨncɨmɨshɨmákɨ aɨtɛrʉ́ ɔlkɨdɔŋɔ́ɨ ɔmɛshɔ́mɔ aɨpáŋ tɛ lʉkʉnyá. Pierce me starting from the tail upto the 2 • Pierce.

end of the head.

a-ishír v. To prosper. See: a-bʉ́l ‘To increase’. a-ishiró v.mid. To be prosperous. a-ɨsh ́r v.prog itr. 1 • To weep, cry. Nkɛ́ráí narɔny ́tá ́ ná ́shɨrɨta. It is the child who is being shaved that is crying. (SN). Nélo aɨsh ́r mɛ́ ́shɔrɨ enkitók ɛnyɛ́ bótór. He went to cry to be given back his senior wife.. Ká ́sh ́rʉ̀ erététo táatá. I will cry for help today. 2 • To make a high pitched noise, such as metal striking metal. Ɛg ́ra ɔltualá lé sekenkêî aɨsh ́r. The metalic bell is making a high-pitched sound. (Pk). complain, with expectation of sympathy. Eyéwuo olmórûô ɔ́ata esíle aɨsh ́r metúduŋokiní. The debtor has come to complain so that he may have the debt reduced. (Pk). 3 • To

a-ɨshɨrak ́

1 • To

cry for. 2 • To appeal to, beg, implore.

a-ɨshɨrrɨsh ́r, a-ɨshɨrɨsh ́r 1 • To whimper. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí k ́tɨ aɨshɨrrɨsh ́r. The little child is whimpering. (Pk). 2 • [North]

a-ɨshɨrt ́t

slick.

To cry many times. See: a-ɨshɨrʉ́ ‘To seek help from’.

v. 1 • To

be slick. Kɛ́ ́sh ́rtɨt ɛná mártî. This cliff is

slide, skid. Ág ́rā aɨshɨrt ́t tɛ mártī. I am sliding from the cliff. Syn: a-ɨdɛkɛ́t ‘To be slick’. 2 • To

a-ɨshɨrʉ́ [North] v.dir. To seek help or aid from. Eishírúá ɛnkɛráí ŋɔ́tɔ́nyɛ́ The child has gone to seek help from her mother. Kɛ́ ́sh ́ɛ́rʉa. He has come for help. (S). Kɛ́ ́sh ́r ́tʉ́a. They have come for help. (S). Káaɨshɨráka. He has come to me for help. (S). See: a-ɨc ́r [North] ‘To cry’.

a-ɨshɨrrɨsh ́r See: a-ɨsh ́r ‘To weep’. a-ishíú In some suffixed forms: ishiun. v itr. To recover from illness, heal; be well. Kɛ́j ̄ŋ aké némūēyū pɛ́nyɔ néíshīū. It just enters him and he becomes a bit sick and he recovers. Áíshíúwúó dúóó. I recovered today. Eishíutúo ɨntáre. The sheep have recovered. Kéíshíúa lk ́rɔ́b ̂. He has recovered from cold. (S).

a-ishiunyé v.inst. To cause s.o. recover from illness; heal, cure. Ɛg ́ra ɛlɛ́ sháni ŋejúk aishiunyé iltámueiyia. The new medicine has cured the sick. (Pk). Eishíúnyīē ɔltʉŋáni ɨlɔ̂ sháni. The person has gotten healed using that medicine. Eishíúnyīē olábáání ɛnkɛ́ráí. The treater has healed the child.

a-ishuyíé a-ishó

v.inst. To

live because of; depend on sth. or s.o. to live. See: a-itomwáí; a-apatɛ́ ‘To cure’; a-bák ‘To treat’; a-ɨtɔpɔ́k ‘To give health’; a-itagól ‘To make strong’. [For at least some speakers: [àyshíó] (K)] PF: toíshē

[toíshīē]. v.apass. 1 • To

give birth, bear offspring. Ɛg ́ra ɛnk ́tɛŋ aishó ti aúluo. The cow is giving birth outside the kraal. (Pk). Néjî, etoíshē ɛnapá tɔmɔnɔn ́. It is reported that the woman who was pregnant has given birth. (K). Kétoíshe. She gave birth. (Pk W). Kétiíshe. She gave birth. (S). Etoíshē, nélau. She has given birth, and lost (the child; ie. the child died). 2 • To

bear fruit. Ɛg ́ra ɔlcáni aishó ayíú ɨlŋanayíó

kúmok. The tree is bearing many fruits. (lit: The tree is

bearing [intransitive] to bear [transitive] many fruits.) (Pk). See: a-iú ‘To give birth’.

a-ɨshɔ́

[North]: a-ɨcɔ́. In some suffix forms: a-ɨshɔ́r. v.prog. 1 • To

give, deliver,

bestow, donate, furnish. Náa kɛ́ ́shɔ̄ ɔláyíóní entítō inkíshú. And the boy will give cows to the girl. (W). Ɛɨshɔ́ ɔlpáyian ɔlmʉ́rráni inkíshú. The old man will give the warrior cows. (W). Áaɨshɔɔ́ náají ɔlashʉmpáí ɛntarubíni ɛnyɛ̂ maɨŋórie ɨltɔmíá oókito ɛnkárɛ́. The European gave me his binoculars to observe elephants drinking water. (Pk). Káaɨshɔɔ́. He gave it to me. (S). Áaɨshɔɔk ́ oltúpa láp ́k ɔlcaní. I have been given a bottle that I will keep (my) medicine in. (Pk). Á ́shɔ́ɔ Nkɛ́ppɛ́n ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. I gave the cow to Nkeppen. (W). Áíshóóyie ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. I gave a cow. (W). Á ́shɔ́ɔy ́ ɔ̄ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. I am giving a cow. (W). Áaɨshɔrɨta oldîâ. She is giving me the dog. (W). K ́ncɔ́r ́ta oldîâ. You ́ are giving me the dog. (W). Ɨncɔ́ r ́ta oldîâ nɨnyɛ́. You are giving the dog to him. (W). Áá ́shɔ́r ́ta oldîâ. I am giving the ́ dog to you. (W). Á ́shɔ́r ́ta ɔlpayíán ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. I am giving the cow to the man. (W). Shɔ́mɔ íyaʉ́ enteré peê eidoŋíéki isekétek l ́k ́ncɔ́rɨ. Go and bring a mortar for the grinding of traditional medicine that will be given to you. (Pk). Ómo apá enkêr náíshooyiokí. The sheep that was given away was light brown. emit, cite. N ́kɨncɔrʉ iróreí lɔɔ́ lMáásâ ̂. We will give you Maasai words [to respond to]. 3 • To perform, do. 2 • To

let, allow, permit. Nɛ́ ́shɔ aké peê élô. And he let him go. Náa ɛ́mɨncɔ́ táatá ɨlashɔ́ epúó ɛndâ sɛ́dɛr. And don't let the calves go to that side (of the hill) today. (Pk). Óre nɛ́nâ lɛ́ n ́ncɔ ekú. That milk, you let it coagulate. (KS). 4 • To

Tɔ́bɔla ́nâ kíné peê ɛɨshɔrʉ mɛ́tanaa olkúó. Hold that goat by mouth so that it can allow its kid to suckle. (Pk). aɨshɔ́ ɛnkɛ́ráí mɛshɔ́mɔ ɔ́pɛny to let the child go alone. Ɛt́ ɔ́n doí mɛ́ ́shɔ́ ɛncalán é tómónisho ́nâ kitók epukú tiáji. The weakness of the postpartum stage does not allow that woman to come out of the house. (Pk). Kɛ́yā ɔláshɛ̂ ɛnɛ̂ kerretí mmɛɨshɔ́ élô. The lamb is sick at the two protruding hoof-like pieces of flesh on the hooves so it cannot walk. (Pk). Nɛ́ ́shɔɔ́shɔ ɔlpáyian ɔlmʉ́rráni inkíshú. The old man gave cattle bit by bit to the warrior (ie. a few at a time, over a long period of time). (W). See: a-irúk; a-nyɔrraá ‘To permit’.

a-ɨshɔɔ́ síádí To leave sth. behind. Á ́shɔ́ɔ síádí ɨmbáa tɔrrɔ̂k. I have left bad things behind. (lit: I have given my backside to bad things.).

a-ɨshɔɔyɔ́

1 • To

give away. 2 • To betray. See: áa-ishoro ‘To give one another’.

a-ɨshɔ́ ɔlmʉmáî This is the first stage in a marriage engagement process.To give an oath.

a-ɨshɔrʉ́ To hand in; give out towards point of reference. See: a- ́shɔ́

ishoró ‘To give (Middle); to be in good moods’.

[North]: -ɨcɔ. PF: -íshie. In some suffixed forms: -

́shɔ́r. voi. 1 • Antipassive verb suffix, typically indicating ability or habitual action. Disallows expression of the Object of an otherwise transitive root. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpayíáni aitarruó esíái ɛ́ masho aarɨshɔ́. The man is ruining the ceremony by fighting (people). (Pk).

Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aɨtɨp ́j ɔlayíóni lɛnyɛ́ peê ɛɨrɨsh ́shɔ. The man is inspiring his son to fight back. (Pk). Ɛnyá ́shɔ́ olkónoi. [ɛnyɛ́ɪ ́shɔ́] The olkónoi eats (people). (W). ɔltʉŋáni ɔyɛ́k ̄shɔ̄ a person who is troublesome. Néduŋishó ɔláyíóní tɛ ntîm. The boy was cutting in the

forest. (W). Kérícō rrárrat ɛ́ ltupá. Pieces of a broken bottle do hurt. (SN). Ɛtamíshie. He ate. Káyíéú náítóki aasishoré Mɛɨpɔny ́. I want to work with Meiponyi. (Pk).

enkítísho babyhood. a-ishók v. To herd; take care of. aishók inkíshú To herd cows. a-ishokú To herd in order to get sth. in return. aishokú entítō To herd in order to be given a girl. This is normally 2 • Nominalizer.

done by a young man (after graduating from warriorhood) who wants to get married. He will herd s.o. else's livestock for a number of years and in return will be given a girl to marry. He will not be compensated in any other form, except marrying a girl from that family. Herding might stop immediately after marriage, although some families might request the newly-married man to "help" them, but he is not "required" to. See: shoó ‘Herding’.

a-ishololó enk-ishón

v.mid. To

watch, keep guard.

n. 1 • Life.

2 • Luck. See: enk-íshúí ‘Life’.

a-ɨshɔŋɨshɔ́ŋ

v. 1 • To

slope down. 2 • To get close to the end of sth.

a-ɨshɔɔbɔ́ [North] naked’.

v.mid. [North]

a-ɨshɔɔbɔkinó [North] prepared for it.

a-ishóp

[North]: a-ishopó,

To be naked.

n. [North]

See: sɨpáti ‘Being

To do sth. without being

a-icopó. v.prog. To dress; wear; put on clothes or ornaments. Néíshōp ɨlkɨlánī. They wear robes (made of skin). Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí aishóp ɛnkɨlâ ɛnyɛ́ sídáí. The child is wearing his best shirt. (Pk). Néíshóp ɨnk ́laní ɛ́nyɛ. Their clothes are too big for him. (lit: Their clothes will wear him/her.). Káke ɛshɛ́ta áaɨtɔbɨrakɨ intukutukí náaīshopito ɛlɛ̂ mʉrraní. The concave shoes that this

warrior are wearing are well made. (Pk). Éshóp kɛwɔ́n. He will dress himself (eg. with effort) (W).

a-ishopíé v.inst. To make s.o. dress themself. a-ishopó v.mid. To be dressed, get dressed, dress self. Kéíshíópō nánga. He will put the coat on. (S). Íncopó ɛnkɨlá ɛ́síai Put on the work clothes.

a-ishopokí v.dat. To dress s.o. Eishopokíní oshî ilmerégēshī olconí peê mɛ́ ́t ́ámák ́ ɨntarɛ́. The rams are dressed with skin aprons so they don't mate with the sheep.

a-ishoró v.mid. Usage: plural. To give sth. to one another. Ɛg ́ra ɨlcɔ́rɛta áaishoro ɨnkashó. The friends are giving to one another a heifer. (Pk). See: a-ɨshɔ́ ‘To give’.

a-ishorunó

v.dir v.mid. 1 • To

have been given in this direction. 2 • To be allowed; lawful.

be in good moods. Mɛár ̄shɔ̄ olpáyian amʉ̂ kéíshorúnō dúóó táatá. The man will not beat/fight because he is in good moods today. 3 • To

áa-ishoro olesérē To say goodbye. a-ishú [West]: a-ishíú. [North]: a-icú. v.s. 1 • To live, be alive. Eishú. He is alive. Kéíshú ɔltʉ́ŋání pɔ́ɔk ̄ ̄ ɔ́ ́rɔ. Every person that speaks is alive. (Pk). Íncu. You are alive. (S). Kéícu. [kéytʃu] He is alive. (S). Eshú. It is alive. (W). 2 • To

be a good person in everything.

a-ishuushú To be alive but at the point of death. a-ɨshʉ́ To finish sth. See: a- ́sh ‘To finish; die’. a-ishúɛ́l v. To beat with a stick. See: shúɛl ‘The sound made by a stick’.

enk-íshúí

n. Life,

ishú ‘To live’.

breath of life. Enkishaákɛ. Life is good.

enk-íshúí intárasí

Usage: Christian. Eternal

life.

See: enk-

See: a-

ishón ‘Life’.

a-ishukushukoó away’.

a-ishukuún

v. To

throw sth. away.

See: a-ɨtʉraá ‘To

throw

v.prog. To

participate in eating meat one has not participated in contributing. aishukuún ɨlmʉ́rran To participate in eating meat that belongs to warriors.

a-ishulugó [North] be isolated’.

v.mid. [North]

To be isolated.

See: a-liyíó ‘To

a-ɨshʉnɛ́t v. To give thanks and honour. See: ɛn-cʉ́nɛ́t ‘Thanks’. a-ishúr v.s. To go without hurt; be saved. Áíshur. I will be saved. a-ishuró v.mid. 1 • To be saved. 2 • To be successful. Áíshúro tɛ súkuul. (i) I was successful in school. (W) (ii) I was saved in school. (lk). Eishúrô tɛ nkiŋorúnotó. (i) They were successful in the search. (W) (ii) They were saved from the trouble of looking for sth. (K). Note: The progressive is disallowed with this verb.

a-ishurá

v. To

a-ɨshʉrá

v.mid. To

get burned by excessive heat so as to affect color or taste; overcook. See: a- ́k ‘To get burned by heat’. be overcooked. Ɛyshʉ́rā. It (might be somewhat) overcooked. Ɛyshʉ́rɛ. Ɛyshʉ́rāyū. It will become overcooked.

a-ɨshʉrtʉ́t

v. 1 • To

can; beat. 2 • To strip bare; remove the outer covering.

a-ɨshʉrtʉtʉ́ To remove from its cover. a-ɨshʉrtʉtarí To go unscathed. a-ishúsh [North] v. [North] To walk like a drunkard (whether a-ít

due to intoxication or not); stagger.

v.prog. To

speak a language badly, speak like a foreigner with an accent. Áítíto I speak with accent. Ɛg ́ra olmeekí aít tɛ nɛ́ ́rɔ Maâ. The Kikuyu is speaking with an accent when he

a- ́t

speaks Maa. (Pk).

do in intervals or installments. Ká ́t ́tā. I am doing (sth.) in installments. Kááɨt. I will do to you (sth.) in installments. This could be used for paying a bride price in installments, paying a debt in installments, writing a paper in sections.

v.prog. 1 • To

pull out meat from boiling water. Ká ́t ́ta. I'm pulling the meat out. (S). 2 • To

a-ɨtaá To carry away one at a time. a-ɨtʉ́ v.dir. To remove items one at a time. The directional verb form

takes the item unloaded as the grammatical Object. The items unloaded are of a size one can carry. The source from which items are removed is not like an enclosed bag, but could be a city, a school campus, a car, a table, etc. Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aɨtʉ́ ilolân to síkíria. The woman is unloading the luggage from the donkey. Ɛshɔ́mɔ ɛnkɛráí aɨtʉ́ ilkuóo oótií ɔlálɛ́. The child is taking out the kids/lambs one at a time. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí aɨtʉ́ inkikompení tɛ m ́sâ adány The baby is removing cups one at a time from the table to break them. Ɛ ́tʉ. He will take one out one at a time (from end of set). See: a-ɛ́t ‘To empty a container by removing items one at a time’.

ɨta-

Variant: ɨtɛ-; ɨtɨ-; ɨtɔ-; ito-; ɨtʉ-; itu-. cause. Causative

-ɨtâ

Variant: -tâ; -itô. ***CHECK***: -itîê. asp. Plural

prefix for class I verbs, meaning "make s.o. do [main verb action]". See: íé ‘Causative suffix for class II verbs’. perfect(ive) or subjunctive suffix, used for third person plural in certain affix combinations, and with first person plural for some irregular verbs. Ɛtʉ́mʉ́sánɨtâ kʉndá áídashén olêŋ. Those shoes have become very old. (W). Kítureitâ. We were afraid. K ́tuatâ. We died. Ɨḱ ́ntɨbɨrɨtâ. We mended it. (S). K ́tabaɨtâ ... We were as big as ... kítayioloitô ... We

- ́ta

knew how to ... K ́tanyaɨtɛ́. We refused. k ́mbaitîê. We hated. See: ^ or [F]; Falling tone on last syllable of verb ‘Plural perfect(ive)’.

Variant: -íto. asp. Progressive

aspect: to be in the process of. Kɛ́ány ́ta nɨnyɛ́. He/She is waiting for him/her. (W). Áípótíto. I am calling (s.o.) (W). Álóíto sokóni. I am going to market. (W). Káɛ́l ́ta mála. I am smearing the calabash (right now, or throughout the week) (eg. to make it strong). (SN). Álépíto ɛnkítɛ́ŋ ŋolé. Yesterday I was milking a cow. (W). Áapotito. He/She is calling me. (W). entóki najóítōī sth. that is being said (W). See: a-gɨrá ‘To be quiet; be in the process of’.

a-ɨtaá1 v. 1 • To convert sth. into sth. else; make into. Eyáwúá ŋolé n ́n ́ oltulét olotó ailísh aɨtáá enkúkúrí.

Yesterday my mother brought a gourd in its natural state so as to make a usable gourd out of it. (Pk). Á ́táa ɔlkáráshá ɛncáti. I will convert the cloth into a shirt. (W). Káá ́táa aɨs ́nani. I will make you poor. 2 • To cause to be, cause to behave as if it were so.

assume sth. to be sth. else. Áátáá inkeé ewúátá. I assumed the sticks to be a fence. [Possibly I found out later it was not a fence.] (W). Áaitaá ɔlaɨgúɛ́nani. He thought I was the "chief". (W). 3 • To

a-ɨtaá kɨt ́ To belittle s.o. or sth. K ́ntáá kɨt ́. You have a-ɨtaá2

belittled me. (W).

́táyie. v. To carry away one at one time, take away, remove. Ɛg ́ra entitó aɨtaá ilkeék ayá ají. The girl is taking the firewood one piece at a time to the house. (Pk). See: aɨtá ́ ‘To remove’; a-yá ‘To carry’. PF:

a-ɨtaɨk ́ To take away from, pull out. a-ɨtaác [North] v. [North] To hang sth. up.

a-itaakinó [North]

Variant: a-ɨtaakɨnɔ́. v. To

itamakirríó [North] ‘To pretend’.

a-itaakunó

Variant: a-itaakuúk. v. 1 • To

pretend’. See: a-akʉ́ ‘To become’.

pretend.

pretend.

See: a-

Syn: a-ɨtaakuúk

‘To

show off. Kéítaakúnó ɔlmʉrraní kɛ́ ́dɨm ataára ɔlŋátúny ɔ́pɛny. The warrior pretends that he can kill a lion on his own. See: a-dɛɛ́ny ‘To act proud’; a-ɨtɔkɔɔ́s ‘To show off, flirt’; a-ŋ ́d ‘To be proud’; a-ɨpɛɛ́j ‘To show off’; a-ɨká ‘To be suspended; puffed up’. 2 • To

a-ɨtaalán v. To make mistakes, disorganize. Óre oshî nɨnyɛ́ náa kéítáálan intarasí pɔɔk ́. As for him (her), he (she) always makes mistakes. (Pk). See: álánó ‘Ineptitude’; álani ‘Clumsy, inept’.

a-itaalaú v. To confuse. Tápala ɔlbuaá amʉ̂ kéítáálau ɨltʉ́ŋáná. Stop the noise because it confuses people. (Pk). a-ɨtaalíp v. To invite a person into a new stage by giving him/her milk or blood.

a-ɨtaarriyíán

See: a-ɨtɔɔmɔ́n ‘To

show, tell, instruct, give advice on how to do sth. better, so that the addressee becomes more adept. Á ́táárríyīānā entítō alikí ɛná ́koní tenéyierishôî. I showed the girl how cooking is done. See: a-ikók ‘To advise, exhort’. Usage: a-ikók focuses more on moral behavior, while aitaarriyíán focuses more on mental or physical skill. See: árriyíá ‘Skilled’.

a-ɨtaás

v. To

invite, welcome’.

use. Káyā ɛnâ motí aló aɨtaás eyíárárɛ́. I am taking this cooking pot so that I can use it for cooking. (Pk). 2 • To make s.o. do sth. 3 • [North] To do sth. for s.o. v. 1 • To

To give sth. that is very important. Ká ́táása. I gave him sth. (important) (as a loan or gift). (S). 4 • [North]

a-ɨtaayá

v. 1 • To

delegate the responsibility of looking after sth.;

leave with. Eshɔmɔ́ ɛntásât aɨtaayá ɨnkɛ́ra ti á ́ âŋ. The woman has gone to delegate the responsibility of taking care of children in another home. (Pk). 2 • To lend living things temporarily (cows, children). 3 • [North] To put sth. in a river (etc.) which then carries it away.

a-iták To send s.o. who is visiting somewhere to bring sth. for you.

a-ɨtabaɨk ́ 2 • To

v. 1 • [North]

accomplish.

a-ɨtabak ́ [North]

To take to, cause to reach.

v. [North]

a-ɨtabaɨk ́ ‘To take to’.

To deliver sth.

See: a-bakí ‘To

reach’;

a-ɨtabayá v. 1 • To observe a rule. Éírúkó entitó mɛ́yamɨ aɨtabayá ɔlkúáak. The girl has accepted to be married to observe the cultural rule. (Pk).

carry to the bitter end. Ɛg ́ra aɨtabayá enapa natejo kɛɨrɨsh ɔlɨkaɨ. He is carrying to the bitter end the fact that he will fight the other. (Pk). 3 • To take s.o. to a place; [North] To take s.o. to a place. See: abayá ‘To arrive there’. 2 • To

a-itacé [North] v. 1 • [North] To stand. Kéítáce. He is standing. ́ (S). Káítáco. I stood. (S). Ɨntácó. Stand! (S). See: a-ɨtashé ‘To stand’. 2 • To stop, wait.

a-itaceyíé [North]

To cause to stop. 2 • [North] To cause s.o./sth. to stand up.

a-itadoú

2 • To

v. 1 • To

drop.

1 • [North]

make affordable.

a-itadoyíó v. To let down, lower, drop sth. Ɛg ́ra ɔlcáni aitadoyíó ɨntapʉ́ka ɛnyɛ́na. The tree is dropping its

flowers. (Pk).

a-ɨtagá [North]

v. [North]

see sth.; block, shadow.

To stand in the way of being able to

a-itagaá To shadow. a-ɨtagól [North]: a-ɨtogól. v.prog tr. 1 • To strengthen, make hard. Káítogolíto. I am making it hard. (S). 2 • To

encourage.

inflate the price, raise the price. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aɨtagól enkinyiaŋá ɛ́ nk ́tɛ́ŋ. The man is hiking the price of the cow. (Pk). 3 • To

a-ítagolúó

be courageous. Íntagoluoyú! Be courageous! (Pk). Íntagolioyí! Be courageous! (SN). ɔltʉŋáni oitagólūō person who is courageous. v.mid. To

́ a-ɨtagól ɛnkɔ́shɔkɛ Ɨntagoluoyú ɛnkɔ́shɔkɛ! Pull yourself together! Aitagól ɛnkɔshɔkɛ hɔ́ɔ ́ nɛ́tanyámala. He a-ɨtá ́

pulled himself together even though he was troubled. (Pk). See: a-gól ‘To be hard’. [Moras as àytáy] In some suffixed forms: -ɨtaɨn. v. 1 • To

sth. off.

2 • [North]

remove sth., take

To pass urine or stool. aɨtá ́ nkʉlá to pass urine

(S). 3 • [North] To harvest; pick fruit; cut grass. See: a-ɨtaá ‘To carry away, remove’.

a-ɨtaɨk ́ To remove, take away from, pull out. a-ɨtak ́ [North] [North] To remove sth. for s.o.; distribute. See: a-ɨtaʉ́ ‘To

remove’.

a-ɨtainyé [Purko]: a-ɨtainyíé. v dtr. 1 • To take out by means of sth. Ɨncɔ́ɔk ̄ ̄ ɛndâ ʉ́ma maitáínyíé enkiriŋó. Give me that ́ ́ra fork so that I may use it to remove meat. (Pk). Ɛg ɔlpáyian aitainyé ɔlt ́dʉ olkikúêî tɛ nkɛ́jʉ. The man is

removing the thorn from his leg using a needle. (Pk).

make sth. out of sth. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aitainyé inkɨkʉ́ ɔlpááshé. The man is making a fence from the thorny branches. (Pk). Ɨncɔɔ́kɨ enconí ná ́táínyíé inamʉ́ka. Give me a piece of hide for making sandals. (Pk). 3 • To make sth. from sth. originally used for another purpose; recycle. E.g. make a rungu out of a post. 2 • To

a-ɨták

v. To

request s.o. who is visiting somewhere to bring sth. along for you. aɨták enkitók nálô sokóni To send a woman that is going to the market to bring sth. for you.

a-ɨtaak ́ To ask s.o. to guard sth. for you temporarily. See: aɨtaayá ‘To send’.

a-ɨtak ́ [North]

v.dat. 1 • [North]

To remove sth. for s.o. 2 • [North] To distribute. See: a-ɨta ́ ‘To remove’.

a-ɨtál [North] v. [North] To make s.o. miss out on sth. a-ɨtaláán v. To confuse. a-italayíó [North] v. [North] To keep quiet when called, pretend not to hear and thus not answer. Kéítáláyie. She has kept quiet. (S).

a-ɨtám [North]

v. 1 • [North]

To cause or permit to devour. Eg. allow animals to graze in a given place, allow a dog to bite s.o. 2 • [North] To allow a fire to burn. Usage: metaphorical. 3 • [North] To cause shame. 4 • [North] To trade, barter, trade off. See: a-ám ‘To eat’.

a-ɨtamaa ́ [a-ɨtamaay] v. 1 • To imitate, do like s.o. else. Ɛɨtamááyá ɔlmɔdáí oyékenyî. The stupid person has imitated the baboon. 2 • To ask what you already know. See: a-ɨkɔrɔ́j ‘To harass by asking what you already know’.

a-itamakirríó [North]

n. [North]

To pretend.

See: a-itaakinó

[North] ‘To pretend’.

a-ɨtamán

v dtr. To

put sth. around sth. else, surround with, encircle with. aɨtamán ɨnkɨkʉ́ ɛnkáŋ peê mépúkú inkíshu to surround the kraal with thorny branches so the cows won't come out (Pk).

a-ɨtamanyʉ́

v. To

mark out the foundation for a new house or village. Ɛshɔmɔ̂ ɨntásatí áaɨtamanyʉ ɛnkají. The women have gone to mark out the foundation of the house. (Pk). Nɛ́ítamanyʉn ́ ɛnkají. The house is designed. (Pk). Building a house is part of the woman's traditional work.

ɔl-k ́támányúnotó Foundation. See: a-igér ‘To mark, brand designs’; a-ɨg ́s ‘To mark, carve’.

a-ɨtamé v tr. To hurt; make feel pain; punish. aɨtamé olkíkuei ɔ́taremó ɛnkɛjʉ́ To be pained by the thorn that stung (his) foot.

a-ɨtamók v dtr. 1 • To make familiar with. aɨtamók ɨnkɛ́ra sukúul ɛnyɛ̂ ŋɛ́jʉ́k to familiarize the children with their new school (Pk).

train s.o. physically, exercise s.o. aɨtamók ɛnkɛrá ́ kɨt ́ elótótó ɔɔ́ nkɛjɛ́k to make the little child get used to walking (Pk). 3 • To familiarize oneself. See: a-mokú ‘To become accustomed to’; a-ɨtɔdɔ́l; a-ʉtak ́ ‘To show’; a-ɨtayioló ‘To make familiar with’. 2 • To

a-ɨtamúéí

make ill. aɨtamúéí ɛndáâ naŋu ɔltʉŋáni Food that is rotten makes people sick. (Pk). v. 1 • To

nurse a sick person. aɨtamúéí ɔltʉŋáni ɔsh ́wúá ayiaŋak ́ olkíné to nurse a convalescent person by slaughtering a goat for him/her (Pk). aɨtamúéí ɔltʉŋáni oishíwúó ayiarak ́ ɛndáa sídáí to nurse a convalescent person by cooking nutritious food for him/her (Pk). 2 • To

a-ɨtanák

v. To

suckle, cause to suck. Ɛg ́ra ɛnk ́tɛŋ aɨtanák

́ tɛrɛʉ intaré ɔláshê. The cow is suckling the calf. (Pk). Ɛn mɛshɔ́mɔ á ́tanak ilkuoóo. Take the sheep/goats so that

they can have their lambs/kids suckle. (Pk). See: a-nák ‘To suck’.

a-ɨtanáp

v. 1 • To

give orders, instructions; command (lit: to make one carry sth.). Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aɨtanáp ɛnkayíóni nálô shoó. The man is giving instructions to the boy that will go herding. (Pk). 2 • To give last words before leaving for a journey or death. See: a-ʉtak ́ ‘To show’.

a-ɨtanyaanyʉ́k [North]: a-ɨtʉnyʉnyʉ́k. v. 1 • To make alike, make equal. Ɛg ́ra ɔltʉ́ŋání aɨtanyaanyʉ́k ɨnkɨlaní peê étûm aishópo. The man is making the clothes alike so that he can wear them. (Pk).

compare. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aɨtanyaanyʉ́k ɨnkashɔ́ peê ɛ́yâ nabô. The man is comparing the heifers so that he can take one. (Pk). 2 • To

a-ɨtanyaanukíé To liken to. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aɨtanyaanyukíé ɛnkɛ́ráí ŋɔ́tɔ́nyɛ́. The man is likening the child to the mother. (Pk).

a-ɨtanyamál v. To make trouble for; bother, interrupt; disturb. ́ ́ra ɛnkɛráí aɨtanyamá ŋɔ́tɔ́nyɛ́ aɨsh ́r. The child is Ɛg troubling the mother by crying. (Pk). Néyookí aló aɨtanyamál ɨlʉl ́kaɨ. He went early (in the morning) to trouble others. (Pk). Áá ́tányámal? May I bother you? (eg. interrupt you in to ask sth.).

a-ɨtanyamalɨshɔ́ To bother, be bothersome. See: a-nyamál ‘To be a-ɨtáŋ

busy, fuss’; a-yɛ́k ‘To tire, trouble’. v. 1 • To

move in an unsteady, irregular, stoopy manner, as an old person might move. Mɛɨdɨmári, kɛ́ ́taŋ ́taŋ te nélo. He cannot walk, he jerks when he moves. 2 • To show little bursts of movement or life, especially of a

dying animal. Kɛ́ ́taŋ ́taŋ amʉ̂ ɛ́táá kɛ́yɛ. It is making little bursts of life because it's just about to die.

a-ɨtaŋɨtáŋ To keep on showing little bursts of life as it dies. a-ɨtaŋór v. 1 • To make fire a shot. 2 • To

complicate or cause more problems. 3 • To cause s.o. to be accused. See: a-ŋór ‘To stab’.

a-ɨtapaác [North]

v. 1 • [North]

To trade, exchange.

See: a-ilokí

[North] ‘To exchange’. 2 • [North] To reverse. See: a-paacá [North] ‘To be different’.

a-ɨtaparɨparíé [North] v. [North] To ignore. a-ɨtapóŋ v. To mislead. Éísídáí oshî encólíek ɔ́ɔ ltʉ́ŋáná léméíush amʉ̂ imɛɨtapoŋóó ilkʉl ́kā ̄. Companionship of well-behaved people is good because it does not mislead others. (Pk).

a-ɨtapʉ́k v. To flower; blossom. See: ɛn-tapʉ́kái ‘Flower’. a-ɨtár v. To hurt s.o. accidentally with sth. Aɨtár ɔltʉŋáni ɔlɨkâ ̂ ɔlálɛ́m ɛgɨrá aɨshɔ́. The man hurt the other accidentally with a sword while giving. (Pk). See: a-ikum ‘To hit’; a-ikobíé ‘To hurt with’.

a-ɨtarás

v. 1 • To

cause to hold. 2 • To spread.

a-ɨtarasaá v.dir. 1 • To hand over to another person, give away. aɨtarasaá olórika (i) To hand over the chair (ii) To hand over the leadership. 2 • To deliver to an enemy; betray. 3 • [North] To attack.

a-ɨtarasak ́

To infect s.o. 2 • [North] To cause to attack on behalf of another tribe. 3 • [North] To pierce sth.

a-ɨtarasʉ́

v.dat. 1 • [North]

v.dir. 1 • To

hand in sth. towards the point of reference.

2 • [North]

To infect.

a-ɨtarɛ́ v.prog. To escort s.o.; accompany. Ɛɨtárɛ́ ́ta Páapa ɛnkanáshɛ áí. My father is escorting my sister. (W). Ɛɨtáríá. He escorted him. (W). Ɛɨtárɛ́ ́shɔ́ empapá káke eshukúnye. My Dad is escorting, but he will come back. (W). a-ɨtarín v. To like sth. momentarily, especially after it has been introduced for the first time or one has been away from it for a while. aitarín ɛngárri ŋéjúk To like (momentarily) a new car. See: ɔl-tárin ‘Momentary love’.

a-ɨtarʉ́ [North]

v.dir. [North]

To cause a miscarriage. A bull can cause this by mounting a pregnant cow.

a-itaruoó

[àɪ ̀tàrwóó] v.dir. 1 • To

a-ɨtarrikí

v. To

2 • To

make a mistake.

spoil, ruin. 3 • To do wrong; wrong s.o.

answer rudely to s.o. (lit: To make a plan go wrong

for s.o.). Mesídáī tenéítarríki ɛnkɛráí intóiwúó ɛnyɛ́nā. It is not good for a child to speak rudely to his parents. See: a-rrikí ‘To have things go wrong’.

a-ɨtarrɨy ́án

v. 1 • To

counsel, advise, instruct. 2 • To make skilled.

a-ɨtarrú v. To interrupt s.o. when doing sth. Míkíntókī aɨtarrú ɨncɔɔ́kɨ aás esíáai. Stop interrupting me, let me work. (Pk). a-ɨtarruoó 1 • To err; make a mistake. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí aitarruó esíái naɨshɔɔ́kɨ. The child is erring (in) the work that she is given. (Pk).

destroy, ruin, spoil. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpayíáni aitarruó esíái ɛ́ masho aarɨshɔ́. The man is ruining the ceremony by fighting people. (Pk). 2 • To

a-ɨtasapʉ́k v. To make big; make strong; fatten; enlarge, magnify. aɨtasapʉ́k ɛnkáŋ i) To enlarge the home (by having more

children or wives) ii) To build a large kraal (eg. to accomodate more cows). aɨtasapʉ́k ɛnkɛ́ráí To fatten the child. Somebody fat is perceived as strong and capable of lifting heavier things. This word cannot be used for animals; instead a-itopír 'to fatten' is used.

a-ɨtasapʉkɨshɔ́ To be fattening. M ́nɔs aké nɛ́na kírí naapîr amʉ̂ ɛ́ ́tásápúkisho. Don't eat those fat meats

because they are fattening (make one become big/fat).' (W).

a-ɨtas ́m a-ɨtasúr

v. To

try to do sth.

v. 1 • To

Syn: a-tɛ́m

make dense.

‘To try’. See: ɛn-tásɨm ‘Fetish’.

introduce danger to a place; endanger. Ɛɨtásur ilowuarák ɛnkɔ́p mɛtáa ɨmɛ ́māyū The lions will bring danger (so) that this land cannot be passable. (Pk). 2 • To

infect; contaminate. M ́ntásur ɛnkárɛ́ ap ́k oldíîp mɛtáa meókoyu. Don't contaminate the water by putting acaricide into it so that it cannot be drunk. aɨtasúr emuoyíán To infect a sickness. 3 • To

a-ɨtashalʉ́

v. To

eat primarily milk and non-meat foods, after a time spent in the bush eating meat. See: a-isotú ‘To take milk after a meat-eating period’.

a-ɨtashé [North]: a-ɨtacé. PF, SUBJN: ɨtasho. v.prog. 1 • To stand, stand up. ́ Á ́táshe. I am standing. (W). Ɨntáshe. You are standing. (W). Ɛɨtáshe. He is standing. (W). K ́ntashe. We are standing. ́ (W). Ɨntáshéshe. Y'all are standing. (W). Ɛɨtáshe. They are standing. (W). Einyó ɔltʉ́ŋání ɔ́tɔnɨta aɨtashé. The person who was sitting has stood up. (Pk). Ká ́táshe. I'm standing. (S). Ká ́tashéíto. I was standing. (S). Néjō aɨtashé tɛ ́ kʉtʉ́k ají, When he tried to stand at the door, Ɨntashó! Stand up! Shɔ́mɔ ́ntashó tɛ idîê. Go stand over there! 2 • To stop, halt. aɨtashé náají ɔltʉ́ŋání óloito. Someone who was walking stopped. (Pk).

contest a leadership or political seat. Ɛg ́ra ɔlɔ́pɛny olórika aɨtashé aŋór olórika lɛnyɛ́. The chairman is contesting again to defend his seat. (Pk). Note: This stem looks as if it contains the Class I Causaive prefix, as ɨta- would be the expected Causative form for a +ATR stem with either /e/ or /o/ as the root vowel. 3 • To

́ntashó

1 • Stop!

2 • Let

me..; excuse me ..; permit me.

a-itasheikí a-ɨtaʉ́

1 • To

stand for. 2 • To take care of; look over.

undress. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí aɨtaʉ́ ɛnkɨlâ. The child is undressing. (Pk). [North]: itaí. v. 1 • To

remove. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí aɨtaʉ́ ɨnkamʉ́ka. The child is removing her shoes. (Pk). Áītāūō ɛremɛ́t tɔlárrō. I removed the spear from the buffalo. (W). Káítáí ndetí. [káytáy] I will remove weeds. (S). This could be used for removing a stick from a tree, a radio from a room, or clothes from one's body, etc. 3 • To subtract. 2 • To

a-ɨtayú ɛnkiyiô To miscarry. Néítayíó entitó ɛnkiyiô. The a-ɨtayá

girl has miscarried. See: a-laá ‘To undress’; a-shʉ́t ‘To remove sth. from a tight covering’. v. 1 • To

accuse falsely.

overfeed to the extreme (eg. a child.). aɨtayá ɛndáa [áytáya] To make him/her die of being overfed. The idea of 'overfeeding' comes from the sense of 'die' associated with a-yá. See: a-yá ‘To carry’. 2 • To

́ a-ɨtayú In some suffixed forms: a-ɨtayún. v. 1 • To remove, take out. Ɨntayú enkiriŋó tɛ móti. Remove the chunk of meat from the cooking pot. (Pk). See: a-ɨta ́ ‘To remove’. 2 • To 3 • To

give out; donate; offer. aɨtayú ɔsárgɛ́ to donate blood. make. Eitáyīō enkítok óríkíe tɔɔ́ ɨyashɛtá. The

woman has made marks (in the dirt) with the lattice sticks. ́ Ɨntayú ɔlkási lé únōtō. Do the work of the installationceremony. Note: = hypothesis -dp Note: Mol 1996:144 suggests that the 'make' sense is the Causative+Ventive form of a 'be'.

a-ɨtayú inkík To defecate. a-ɨtayú ɨs ́nk ́r a-ɨta ́ isíŋkir [North] To fish (lit: to remove fish). See: aɨbʉ́ŋ ‘To catch’; a-rrésh i-sínkir; a-ŋorú ‘To fish’.

a-ɨtáyu enkiyîô To miscarry. See: a-iú ‘To bear offspring’. a-ɨtɛ́ [North] v.prog. [North] To remove. Ká ́tɛ́ ́ta nkɛ́ráí lalâî. I am removing the child's tooth. (SN). Ká ́tɛ́ ́ta lalái lɛ́ nkɛ́ráí. I am removing the child's tooth. (SN). Ká ́tɛ́ ́ta nkɛ́ráí. I am removing the child (eg. from the house, from danger). (SN). Ká ́tɛ́ ́ta nkinyinyéret. I am sweating. (lit: I am removing sweat.).

ɨtɛ- cause. Variant form of the Class I Causative prefix. See: ɨta-. a-itedíák [North] [àìtèdyák] v. 1 • [North] To shoot off target. Íntédíaa. You shot off target. (S). 2 • [North]

To make a mistake; err.

a-ɨtɛɛnɨk ́ v. To accuse falsely (lit: to tie to). a-ɨtɛɛ́ŋ v. To cause s.o. to lack by taking away sth. that is yours or that is within your power; deprive. of’.

a-iteikí

See: a-eŋú ‘To

be deprived

expect; be suspicious about. áítéíkī ajó ílōtū. I expect that you will come. v. To

a-iteishó

be on the early stage of pregnancy. expectant; pregnant’.

a-itejó

v. To

v. To

See: a-nʉtá ‘To

be

do sth. to an object in such a way that a sound is emitted; make sth. sound; followed by ideophonic word (lit: to make say). Néítejo osíwuo, huuu! The wind took them,

huuu! Páa kéítejo ɔlárínkóí tiáborí ɛnkalʉ́ɛn ́ a, pau! So he did to [whacked] Olarinkoi below the ear. Pau! See: ajó ‘To say’.

a-iteleikí

put on top of. aiteleikí ɔsíkiria iltóoí to put the water barrel on the donkey (Pk). See: a-ɨkaabak ́ ‘To temporarily cover, loosely put a top on’; a-p ́k ‘To put’. v. To

a-ɨtɛlɛk ́ [North] lie down.

v. [North]

To place or lay on a surface.

See: To

a-itelekinó v.mid. To be on sth. Éítélékínó ɨlɔ́ɔm shʉ́mátá óripie. The rafters are on top of the unfinished house. (Pk). a-ɨtɛlɛlɛ́k v. 1 • To make sth. easy, affordable, cheap; facilitate. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aɨtɛlɛlɛ́k esíái nagol. The man is making hard work easy. (Pk). See: a-lɛlɛ́k ‘To be easy’; a-ɨtadoú ‘To make affordable, drop’. 2 • [North] To simplify.

a-itemoó v. To cover. a-itemoró To be covered. See: a-ɨpɨs ́ŋ ‘To cover’. a-ɨtɛŋɛ́l v. To remove. See: a-ŋɛ́l ‘To deviate’.

a-ɨtɛŋɛ́n

v. To

educate, teach, instruct, inform, give new knowledge, enlighten. Ɛg ́ra ɔlaɨtɛŋɛ́nani aɨtɛŋɛ́n ɨnkɛ́ra ɛnkɨkɛná. The teacher is teaching children mathematics. (Pk). Kɛ́ ́tɛ́ŋɛn ŋɔtɔnyɛ́ entítō ɛnyɛ́ peê méíser. A mother will advise her daughter not to misbehave. Usage: a-ɨtɛŋɛ́n focuses more on intellectual knowledge with no particular immediate expectation about change in behavior. A-ikók focuses more on instruction about wise behavior, with expectation of change in behavior. A-ʉtaá is a closer synonym to a-ikók because a-ʉtaá also expects action to follow.. Ant: amɔ́d ‘To cause s.o. to be a fool’.

a-ɨtɛnnɛɨshɔ́ a-ɨtɛ́r

v.apas. To

teach, educate, be a teacher. point at’; a-ɨtɔdɔ́l ‘To show’.

See: a-ʉ́t ‘To

start, begin sth. Ɛg ́ra aɨtɛrʉ́ sukúul enkilasí nabô. The child is beginning standard one in school. ... náa kɛ́ ́tɛ́rʉ tenéyioloúnō ɔlkɨjanáí ó entítō ... begins when a man and a woman know each other (W). v. 1 • To

start, begin. Eitérúá awaŋʉ́ amʉ̂ eilepúá ɛnkɔ́lɔŋ. It is getting light because the sun has risen. 2 • To

a-ɨtɛrʉnyɛ́ To come first. Óre aké peê éyíéŋí ɛlɛ̂ kérr, nɛ́ ́tɛrʉ́nyɛ ɨntɔmɔnɔ́k ɛnkáŋ. When this castrated ram is slaughtered, all the women come first. begin’.

See: a-ŋás; a-ŋasʉ́ ‘To

a-ɨtɛrrɛ́ v.s. 1 • To faint, typically involving falling; be unconscious. Ág ́ra aɨtɛrrɛ́. I am fainting. (W). ɔltʉŋáni ɔɨtɛ́rrɛ̄ person who is unconscious.

fall or collapse, as in fainting. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí aɨtɛrrɛ́ aósh ɛnkɔ́p. The child is falling as in fainting to hit the ground. (Pk). 3 • To not be consistent and orderly. 2 • To

a-ɨtɛrrʉnyɛ́ To come fainting.

ɔl-aitérriani o-ítí

ɨtɨ-

Variant: ɔl-aɨtɛ́rrani

(W). A person who faints. batatá ‘To fall’; a-sʉlarí ‘To fall off’; a-urorí ‘To fall’; aikururumorí ‘To fall’.

See: a-

Nom sg: o-ití. Acc pl: i-ít. Nom pl: i-ít. n. A

common tree used for forage, housebuilding, carving, traditional medicines, and fumigating calabashes. Acacia mellifera. Used by the Iloodokilani at circumcision feasts.

Variant: iti-. cause. Variant See: ɨta-.

a-itíák

form of the Class I Causative prefix.

v. 1 • To

let s.o. fall down. See: a-batát; a-irraayá; a-ɨrriaayá ‘To make s.o. fall down’. 2 • To let s.o. down. 3 • [North] To get out of the way of sth. in order to avoid being hit. 4 • To abandon.

a-ɨtɨak ́ [North] [àɪ ̀tyakɪ ́] v. [North] To imagine, surmise. a-itíál v. To be perplexed, amazed, astonished. a-itíám v. 1 • To move quickly in such a way that all legs leave the

ground at the same time; jump from one place to another; hop. Éítiam oltúáa. A frog hops. Ɛg ́ra aitíám oltúaa. The frog is hopping. Éítíámá tɛ ndapásh aló oltírén. It has hopped from bed to the floor. Eotíki ɛnkáyíóní aitiamíé ɛndápásh. The boy will keeping on hopping on top of the bed intentionally. See: a-ipíd ‘To jump’. jump as in dancing/singing. Ɛg ́ra ɔlmʉrraní aitíám tɔ sinkólio. The warrior is jumping as he sings. (Pk). 3 • [North] To jump with pain or anguish. 4 • [North] To relieve oneself. Note: This verb is intransitive as shown by: *Éítiam ɛnkáyíóní ɛndápásh. 'The boy will keep on hopping on top of the bed.' Compare with Instrumental Applicative example above. See: a-itiamak ́ ‘To mount on; serve a cow’. 2 • To

a-itiamak ́

v.dat. 1 • To

serve (a cow), impregnate (cattle); mount (for the purposes of copulation). Usage: Typical of animals; euphemistic for humans. Eteréwúá ɔlpáyian ɔlɔɨŋɔ́nɨ oitíámāk ̄ inkíshú. The man has brought a bull that will mount/serve the cows. Eitiamákinyíé olméregesh ɨntaré He has made/used the ram to mount/serve the sheep. Ɛt́ ʉ́pʉ́shá ɛlɛ́ ɔ́ ́ŋɔ́n ́; ɛg ́ra aitiamak ́ inkíshú. This bull has been rutting; it is mounting on cows. (PK). See: atɔnɨk ́ ‘To impregnate’; a-ɨdak ́ ‘To mount’. hop onto; jump at, jump to. Eitíámák ́ oltúáa atúa ɛnkárɛ́ tɛnɛ́dɔl ɔltʉŋáni. The frog jumps into the water when it sees a person. See: a-itiám ‘To hop’. 2 • To

a-itiamakinó To have been served. a-itianyá v. 1 • To die, pass away. Ɛg ́ra ɔlg ́ramâ lɛ nkâŋ aitianyá. The owner of the home is dying. (Pk). In Pk (km), this is what would happen to an old person.

collapse through famine. Ɛg ́ra inkíshu aitianyá tɔ lámeyu. The cows are dying during the dry season. (Pk). See: ayɛ́ ‘To die’; a- ́sh ‘To die’. 2 • To

a-ɨtɨb ́r [North] v. 1 • [North] To construct, make, create, prepare. Kɛ́ ́shɨááká ɛnk ́t ́b ́rata ɛnkají. He has made the house in the right way. (S). 2 • [North] To repair or mend sth. broken. See: a-ɨtɔb ́r ‘To create sth.’.

a-ɨtɨbɨrʉ́ [North]

modeling; form.

a-ɨtɨbɨrak ́ [North] -ítie

successfully.

v.dir. [North] v. [North]

To make by curving or

To do sth. correctly or

Perfect(ive) or Subjunctive suffix. Ánótó apá kʉnâ kíshú, tɛ ɛnapá kɨmɨnatá n ́k ́ntʉ́rráítie. I got these cows when you made me get lost. Óre peyíê ɛakʉ́ num. Plural

k ́taŋamaitîê... When we receive... See: -ɨta. a-ɨtɨɛmʉ́ [North] Variant: a-itemú. v. 1 • [North] To satisfy, suffice, be enough. Káaitemu ndáa. The food will satisfy me. (SN). Káaitemúá ndáa. The food satisfied me. (SN). 2 • [North]

reach’.

To fit well. See: a-imú ‘To be satisfied’; a-baɨk ́ ‘To

a-ɨt ́ɛ́ny [North] [àɪ ̀tyɛ́ɲ] v. [North] To weaken an animal. a-itiɛnyá Variant: a-itianyá. v.mid. To collapse through tiredness, a-itíéú

weakness, famine, etc. [North]: a-ɨt

See: a-ɨtɛrrɛ́ ‘To

faint’.

́ɛ́ʉ́. v v.aux+Sbjn-Infinitive. To dare, be able to face-up to s.o. Mɛáta ɔltʉŋáni óítīēū. There is no one who dares (to ́ cɔɔ́kɨ matára ɔlárínkóí amʉ̂ káítīēū. Let me do sth.). Ɛn kill Olarinkoi because I can face him. Máítíéú ashɔ́mɔ tɛ mísimísī áányʉ́ mɛtáwaŋá. I fear going in the darkness; I will wait until it is bright. (W). See: a-itieú ‘To grow daring’.

a-itieú v. To become or grow daring. Ɛg ́ra ɔláyíóní aitieú ɔlɨkâ ̂. The boy is growing daring. a-itieushó v.apass. To become daring. ɔltʉŋáni oitíéúshō a a-ɨtɨg ́r

person who grows daring. See: a-itíéú ‘To dare’. v. 1 • To

calm, silence. This can be done to a child, radio, warrior, etc. The main idea is to make sth. less loud.

console, comfort. Á ́t ́gɨr ɛnkɛ́ráí naɨshɨr ́ta. I will calm the crying child. See: a-gɨrá ‘To be quiet’. 2 • To

a-ɨtɨ ́l

be silvery, shiny, glittery, bright. Kɛ́ ́t ́ɨl ɛná k ́lasi. This glass is shiny. Áímínie olgísóí láí ɔɨt ́ɨl. I lost my shiny ring. This does not mean that the item just reflects light. See: a-ɨtɨnt ́l ‘To shine brightly’; a-ɨmɛrlɛ́l ‘To glitter, shine’. v. To

a-itijiaá

eat sth. cautiously because of dislike. eat cautiously’.

a-itík

v. To

v.prog. 1 • To

Syn: a-bɨr

nauseate. Áaitikitó ɛɨlatá nátookó. I'm

́ ‘To

feeling nauseated because of the oil that I ingested. (lit: The oil that I drank is nauseating me.). pound; hit hard. Éítíkó osóít ɔmɛtádanya. He pounded on the stone until it broke. 3 • To struggle with indecision. 2 • To

a-itikitík

pound; hit hard. 2 • To nauseate.

a-itikó

1 • To

v.mid. 1 • To

be pounded. 2 • To be undecided. 3 • To make the pounding sound.

a-itíl v. To remain adamant; unmoved. See: a-tɔ́n ‘To stay’. a-ɨtɨmɨŋán [Purko]: a-ɨtɔmɨŋán. v. 1 • To make blunt. Ɛg ́ra ɔláyíóní aɨtɔmɨŋán ɔlálɛ́m lɛnyɛ́. The boy is making his sword blunt. (Pk).

deafen. Ɛg ́ra ɛná buatá aɨtɔmɨŋán ɨltʉ́ŋáná. This loud sound is deafening the people. (Pk). This may or may not be permanent, and may be as simple as closing one's ears. 2 • To

a-ɨtɨmɨrrɨm ́rr v. 1 • To pretend to give sth. but not give. aɨtɨmɨrrɨm ́rr ɛndáa To pretend to give food but not do it. 2 • To

cause s.o. sell repeatedly. See: a-m ́r ‘To chase; sell’.

a-itinkín v. To dislike; favor less. ́nâ k ́tányáányúkoto ɔ́ lpayíán oitínkīnō ɛnkayíóni natoíūō that example of a man who has disliked his son (KS).

a-ɨtɨnt ́l

shine brightly; glisten. See: a-ɨtɨ ́l ‘To shine brightly’; awáŋ ‘To shine’; a-ɨmarlál [North] ‘To glisten, glitter’.

a-ɨtɨny ́k

v. To

bring together. Ká ́t ́ny ́k ́ta. I'm bringing them close together. (S). Ká ́tɨny ́kak ́ nkitábu nkikómpe. / Ká ́t ́nyɨk nkikómpe oó nkitábu. I'm bringing the cup and book together. (S). This is done by moving either one. ́ ɨnt ́ny ́kʉ́ ́nâ kɛ́ráí amʉ̂ kɛ́áta olmarenké. Don't Ɛm v. To

invite that child because she lies. (W).

ɨn-t ́nyɨka n. Homes that are built closely together. a-itíŋ v. To come to an end, finish. Eyéwuo entúmô aitíŋ peê edoyíó ɛnkɔ́lɔŋ. The meeting ended when the sun set. (Pk). Eyéwuo esíáî aitíŋ népuo ɨltʉŋaná inkáŋítie. The

work came to an end when the people went to their homes. (Pk). Neitiŋ eba neija Thus it has reached the end. Usage: aitíŋ can have several meanings: for geographical items like a river or forest, it means that it has been passed; one has walked to the end of it, so it is behind and no longer ahead. With reference to grass, it means that the cows have eaten it all up. Of a people group, the Middle form may indicate they have been wiped out. It could be said of a person who has committed a crime, and a mob or a policeman has just found and punished him.. Eítíŋé. They will be wiped out.

a-itíŋíé To bring sth. to an end. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aitiŋíé ɛnkigúána. The man is bringing the meeting to an end. (Pk).

a-itíŋokí To end at a place. Eyéwuo ɔlkɛ́jʉ aitiŋokí ɛnaɨpɔ́sha. He came (eg. driving) to end at the ocean/lake. (Pk). See: a-ɨd ́p; a-ɨshʉ́ ‘To finish’.

o-itíŋí adj. Ultimately, (in) the end. Ɛtabáíkīā taá táatá ɔlpurrishóí oitiŋí Today the thief has reached the ultimate end. [ie. he is dead]. (Pk). See: a-itíŋ ‘To come to an end’.

a-ɨtɨŋ ́d v. To please, make happy. See: a-ŋɨdá ‘To be happy’. a-itiŋíé [North] v. [North] To pursue the end, track down. a-ɨtɨpát v. To be related to. a-ɨtɨpatɨshɔ́ Usage: Colloquial. To be related to a tribe different a-ɨtɨp ́j

from Maasai. v.prog. 1 • To

cut to a point, sharpen, make sth. tapered at the end. Ká ́t ́p ́j ́ta. I'm sharpening it. (S). Káaɨtɨpɨjáka. He

has made it sharp for me. (S). Ɛg ́ra ɔmʉrraní aɨtɨp ́j ɔljɨpɛ́t. The warrior is tapering the skewer. (Pk).

make s.o. brave, inspire s.o. to fight. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aɨtɨp ́j ɔlayíóni lɛnyɛ́ peê ɛɨrɨsh ́shɔ. The man is inspiring his son to fight back. (Pk). See: a-p ́ ‘To be pointed; be fierce’. 2 • To

a-ɨtɨpɨt ́p v.prog. To drop the first drops of rain; drizzle. Kɛ́ ́tɨp ́tɨp ́ta. The first small drops of rain are falling. (S). Kɛ́ ́rɔ́bɨ táatá amʉ̂ kɛ́g ́ra aɨtɨpɨt ́p. It is cold today a-ɨt ́r

because it is drizzling. (Pk). See: a-idís ‘To drizzle’; a-ɨrʉjʉrʉ́j ‘To drizzle’; ɛn-cán ‘Rain’. v.prog. 1 • To

break off completely (eg. a chain, rope, flow of a

river). Ɛg ́ra ɛnkárɛ aɨt ́r amʉ̂ etudúŋe ɛnkɔ́ŋʉ ɛ́ ncɔ́rrɔ. The water (flow) has broken because the source has been cut. (Pk). 2 • To get away from the rest of the team or move from your place to somebody's place mostly to cause chaos. 3 • [North] To jump a long distance (of a small animal, eg. a grasshopper). Kɛ́ ́t ́r ́ta. He is jumping. (S). See: a-ipíd ‘To jump’.

a-ɨtɨrrak ́ To move from one place to another to cause chaos. a-itirís [North] v. 1 • [North] To equalize. 2 • [North]

To level off.

a-itirisioré [North] a-ɨt ́rr

1 • [North]

To compare in heighth or

length. 2 • [North] To equalize in heighth or length. v. 1 • To

break off, cut off, stop the flow of sth. 2 • [North] To flip away.

a-ɨtɨrrɨŋá v.mid. To be calm, patient. Ɛg ́ra ɔltamueyíáí aɨtɨrrɨŋá mɛtábakɨ. The patient is calm so that he can be treated. (Pk). Ɛɨtɨrr ́ŋɛ nkɛráí náshām. The child I love is

calm. (SN). Kɛ́ ́sʉ́pat nkɛráí ná ́tɨrr ́ŋa. A child who sits calmly is good. (SN). ɔltʉŋáni ɔɨtɨrr ́ŋā a person who is calm/patient. See: a-ŋɨr ́ ‘To perservere’.

a-ɨtɨs ́á [North] waiting.

[àɪ ̀tɪ ̀syá] v. [North]

To get impatient, get tired of

a-ɨtɨs ́ny v. To make holy; cleanse. See: a-sɨnyá ‘To be holy’. a-ɨtɨs ́p v. To get information, either clearly, or a second time; confirm.

a-ɨtɨsh ́p

v. To

please, amuse. Ɛɨt ́shɨp. He will please / amuse

them. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí aɨtɨsh ́p mɛ́nyɛ́ anyɔ́k tɛ nkísuma. The child is pleasing his/her father by working hard at school. (Pk). See: a-ŋidá ‘To be happy’.

ó-ítīēū Nom sg: ó-ítīēū. n. S.o. who can face-up to s.o. else. a-itíéú To dare. a-itó v. To go back. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aitó ɛnkáŋ oó nkíshú.

ɨtɔ-

The man is going back to his home where cows are. (Pk). See: ashukó ‘To go back’; a-rriny ‘To bring sth. back’; a-ɨbɛlɛkɛny ‘To turn sth. over’.

Variant: ito-. cause. Variant See: ɨta-.

a-ɨtɔb ́r

form of the Class I Causative prefix.

make sth.; create. Ɛɨtɔ́bɨr. He will make/prepare it. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí aɨtɔb ́r ɛngárri tɛ ɛsárŋāb. The child is making a car from the mud. Á ́tɔ́bɨr embúku. I will make a book. (W). Káke ɛshɛ́ta áaɨtɔbɨrakɨ intukutukí náaīshopito ɛlɛ̂ mʉrraní. The concave shoes that this warrior are wearing are well made. (Pk). Olconí oshî eitobiríéki olkɨlâ. Ceremonial skin is made from hide. Emúá tɔrrɔ́nɔ̂ ɔ́ lcaní oleléshūā tenéítobíéki iloríkān. Oleleshua is a bad type of tree from which to make chairs. Note: A-ɨtɔb ́r is not commonly used with reference to making a house, though it is used for repairing a house. v.prog. 1 • To

See: a-ás; a-ikó ‘To

do’; a-ɨtaá ‘To convert, make into’; a-shɛ́t ‘To

build’. 2 • To repair, fix sth.

prepare, arrange. Á ́tɔ́b ́r ́ta ɛndáā ɛ téípa. I am making dinner. (W). Áá ́tɔ́b ́rāk ̄ ɛndáa. I will prepare food for you. (W). Tápala ɛnk ́yág ́yag, shɔ́mɔ tɔ́tɔna intɔ́bɨrak ́. Stop bobbing your head as you walk, go and sit well. (Pk). Óre naá táatá ɛlɛ̂ payîân néínyiotóto nɛ́ ́tɔb ̂r ɛnkapʉt ́. Now this man planned to arrange marriage negotiations [for his daughter]. (Pk). 3 • To divine and fix somebody's problem; heal. Only an oloibóni could properly do this. Ɔláŋéní aké óyíóló ɛnaɨkoní tɛnɛ́ ́tɔbɨr ́ ɛnkáŋ natasakutóki. It is only the wiseman who knows how to undo a curse lodged at a certain home. (Pk). 3 • To

Ɛɨbʉ́ŋá Jôn olóírirúá, nérīkī enetíī ɔlá ́tɔ́b ́rání peê epúéí áaɨtɔbɨr. Jon became mad (crazy); then he was taken to the healer so that he could be healed. (W).

do. Ɛshɔ́mɔ aɨtɔb ́r esíái ɛnyɛ́ pɔɔk ́. He went to do all his work. (Pk). 4 • To

a-ɨtɔbɨrak ́ To do sth. well, do satisfactorily. Mmetumóki ɛná áyíóní atɔtɔ́na aɨtɔbɨrak ́ amʉ̂ ɛ́t ́j ́ŋá ɔldʉ́ta ́ ɔltúlii This boy cannot sit well because he has a boil on his buttock. (Pk). Ɛkɨgɨra oshî táatá atúm ɛncán aɨtɔbɨrak ́. Nowdays we are getting rain regularly. (Pk). Tádamʉ́ ɔltʉŋáni líyíólo aɨtɔbɨrak ́. Think of a person who you know well.

a-ɨtɔb ́r e-síáai To work (lit: to do work). See: a-ás e-síáai ‘To work’; a-asɨshɔ́ ‘To work’.

a-ɨtɔdɔ́l [North]: a-ɨtɔdɔ́l. v. To show s.o. sth. Ɛshɔmɔ́ aɨtɔdɔ́l ɔlɔmɔ́nɨ enkóítóí. He went to show the visitor his way. (Pk). See: a-dɔ́l ‘To see’; a-ʉt ‘To point at’.

a-ɨtɔdɔ́r

v. To

hit s.o. until the skin is broken and blood comes out. See: a-dɔ́ ‘To be red’.

a-itoduayá v. To show off. a-itóí v.prog. 1 • To dry sth., make dry. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí aitóí ɛnk ́lâ ɛnyɛ́ nashál tɛ nkɔ́lɔŋ. The child is drying her wet cloth in the sun. (Pk). Eitóyīō ɛnkɔ́lɔŋ ɨlkárash. The sun dried the cloths. (W). Káítóíto. [káytóyto] I am making it dry. (S). 2 • [North]

To wet with rain. See: a-itoyió ‘To rain on’; a-lɔ́ ‘To spread to dry’.

a-ɨtoíp v. 1 • To cover with sth. Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aitoíp ɛnkɛ́ráí naɨrʉ́ra ɔlkarashá. The woman is covering the sleeping child with a bedsheet. (Pk).

overshadow. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkátampôî aitoíp ɛnkɔ́p. The cloud is overshadowing the ground. (Pk). See: a-pɨs ́ŋ; a-pukúr; aisiáp; a-itemoó ‘To cover’. 2 • To

a-ɨtɔɨtɔɛ́ [North] v. [North] To use very economically. a-ɨtɔjɔɔlá v. To interpret. Meyíólo ɨlMaasá ́ áaɨtɔjɔɔlá. The

Maasai do not know how to interpret them (ie. certain stories). (KS).

a-itók v. 1 • To heat until fully cooked, boil. Ɛg ́ra ɔláyíárání aitók ɛndáa peê emelonú. The cook is cooking the food

until it is ready so that it can be delicious. (Pk). 2 • To make food ready by cooking. Usage: food. This can be done to solid foods only, not liquids such as water, and once completely finished. Ká ́tɔ́ɔ. I have made the food ready. (S). 3 • To magnify especially bad or sad news about sth.; exaggerate. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aitók ɨmbáa tɔrrɔ̂k naátoniŋó. The man is exaggerating the sad issues he heard. (Pk). See: a-rowuajíé ‘To heat sth.’; a-irewejé ‘To boil’; a-y ́ɛ́r ‘To cook’.

a-itokí

PF: a-nyaaká. In some suffixed forms: a-itokín. v.aux+simple-infinitive.

do again, repeat, continue. Áítóki. I will do it again. (W). Áítúku inkikompení aitokí. I washed the cups again. Tɛ́ɛna enetuduŋó ɛnkalɛ́m méítokí awó. Put a bandage on the area that the knife has cut so that it won't keep bleeding. (Pk). Ág ́ra aitokí. I'm doing it again. (W). See: a-ɨg ́l ‘To repeat’; a-nyaaká ‘To have repeated’. 2 • [North] To exist, be sth. See: a-atá ‘To have; exist’; a-tií ‘To be at; exist’. néítokí néjokí... Again he told them... 1 • To

a-ɨtɔkɨtɔ́k [North]: a-ɨtɔkʉtɔ́k. v. To boil. See: a-itók ‘To cook’. a-itokitokíé v.apl. This indicates a more rapid boil than aɨrowuajíé.To boil sth.; cause sth. to boil.

a-ɨtɔkɨtɔkʉ́ v.dir. To boil for oneself. ́ akákɨ kʉlɛ́ kʉlɛ́ na ́tɔk ́tɔk Fresh milk from the cow. Ɛy na ́tɔk ́tɔk. Bring me milk that is fresh from the cow (boiling).

a-ɨtɔkɔɔ́s v. To show off; flirt. Ɛkɛ́ ́tɔkɔ́ɔs intóyíe náatií ɛmányátá. Girls in the ceremonial home flirt. See: a-dɛɛnyá; aŋɨdá ‘To be proud’; a-ɨpɛɛjá ‘To flirt’; a-ɨká ‘To be suspended; puffed up’; a-ɨtaakunó ‘To pretend’.

a-ɨtɔkʉtɔ́k [North] PF: -ɨtɔɔtuaa. [ɪtɔɔtwaa] v itr. [North] To boil. Kɛ́ ́tɔɔ́tuaa. It has boiled. (S). See: a-ɨtɔkɨtɔ́k ‘To boil’. a-itokutokíé [North] [North] To cause to boil. a-itoliló v.s. 1 • To be sad, depressed. Káítólílo. I am sad. (Pk). Kéítolílo. He/she is sad. (Pk). Áítólíle. I was sad. (Pk). Eitolíle. He/she was sad. (Pk). This condition is characterized by

remaining quiet, withdrawn, not engaging with other people who are around, looking remorseful and having a sullen facial expression. look worried; stay worried. ɔltʉŋáni oitolílō person who is sad, depressed, worried. 2 • To

a-ɨtɔlɔ́k

v. 1 • To

cause to intersect.

2 • To

put across. See: a-lɔ́k ‘To intersect’.

a-ɨtɔlɔlɔɨk ́

v. To

hold loosely; handle irresponsibly. This can refer to not working hard for getting cows grass -- just letting them go.

Míntóki aɨtɔlɔlɔɨk ́ inkínyíáŋúnotó ɛndáa amʉ̂ kɛ́ ́tanyámal ɨnkɛ́ra esúmâsh. Do not handle the buying of children's food irresponsibly because they will starve. (Pk).

a-itomúáí

[aitomwáí] [Chamus]: a-ɨtamʉ́ .́ v. 1 • To

cure (lit: to make sick).

care for a sick person. Káytɔ́mʉ́yia. I cared for him. (S). See: a-ishíúnyé ‘To cure’; a-aparɛ́ ‘To cure’. 2 • To

a-ɨtɔ́ŋ

[North]: a-itóŋ. v.prog. To

drip; leak. Ɛ́ ́tɔ́ŋ ́ta. It is dripping.

(W). Átódúa ́nâ dáa natɛyɨɛrákɨ áatumoki nɛ́ākʉ̄ káaɨtɔ́ŋ ɨnkámʉlak. I saw that food which was well cooked, and I started salivating. (W) (lit: ... and my saliva started to drip.).

́ a-ɨtɔŋʉ́ v. To falsely accuse. Ɨwa dúóó ɛntáʉ́ inó idia ɔ́ŋátá peê teníló ayɛ́ nímíkílótú nánʉ́ aitoŋú. Take your "small heart" far away (from me) so that if you die you don't tarnish my name. (Pk).

a-ɨtɔɔmɔ́n v. To invite, welcome, offer hospitality. K ́ntɔɔ́mɔn aké ɨntá ́ ánaa aké. We welcome you always. See: aomón ‘To beg, ask, pray’.

a-ɨtɔɔrɨk ́ v. To cause to occur at or form an end or termination. a-itoósh v. 1 • To knock, push s.o. into line. 2 • To make things knock one another. Ɛg ́ra ɨláyiok áaitoosh iŋúsidin ɛnyɛ̂ ɛg ́ra áaigurran. The boys are knocking their sticks together as they play. (Pk).

cause s.o. to fail or have misfortune. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí aitoósh ɛnká ́ mɛtálaikinoyú esíái. The child is causing the other to fail doing her work. (Pk). See: a-ɨpɔ́n ‘To bump into sth., push’. 3 • To

a-itopír

v. To

fatten an animal.

See: a-ɨtasapʉ́k ‘To

fatten (a non-

animal)’; a-pír ‘To be fat’.

a-ɨtɔpɔ́k v tr. To give health. See: a-pɔ́k ‘To revive, rejuvinate’. a-ɨtɔrɛ́ v.prog. To rule, command, be in command, govern. Á ́tɔ́rɛ́ ́ta. I am ruling it. (W). Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aɨtɔrɛ́ ɛnkâŋ ɛnyɛ́. The man is ruling his home. (Pk). Ɛáta ́nâ kítok léwáísho amʉ̂ nɨnyɛ́ ná ́torɛ ɛnkáŋ ɔ́pɛny. That

woman has (the responsibilities of) manhood because she takes care of the family all alone. (W). Nɛ́mɨr ɨlɔ lɨkáí ɔɨŋɔ́nɨ bási nélótú aɨtɔrɛ́ inkíshú. He (a bull) chased that other bull, then he came to rule the cows. (W). ɔltʉŋáni ɔɨtɔ́rɛ̄ ̄shɔ̄ person who is in command.

a-itorioó v.dir. 1 • To straighten sth.; stretch out. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aitorioó ɛnkɨlâ nanunúko. The man is straightening a folded cloth. (Pk).

escort s.o. Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aitorioó ɛnká ́ nag ́ra ashukó. The woman is escorting the other one who is returning. (Pk). 3 • [North] To do one thing and forget about others; focus. Káítorioóyie lkási. I'm focused on this work. (S). See: aitoriorí ‘To be straight’. 2 • To

a-itoriorí

be straight. 2 • To lay down. See: a-itorioó ‘To straighten’; a-ɨsɨrɨr ;́ a-shó ‘To be straight’.

a-itorís

v.dir v.mid. 1 • To

[North]: a-itɨr

́s. v. 1 • To equalize, divide into equal parts. This might be done to provide equal shares of a limited resource to several people. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aitorís inkíshú oó nkitúáak ɛnyɛ́na. The man is equalizing the cows of his wives. (Pk). make correspond. Kɛ́nárɛ̄ aké néítorisiokiní ɛmp ́kátá ɔɔ́ ntóyie esukúúl ɛnɔɔ́ láyíók. The number of girls that go to school should equal that of boys. (Pk). 2 • To

a-itorít

v. 1 • To

be half full or half empty. 2 • To make equal, equalize. 3 • To meet half way; to be half way.

a-itoritíé

1 • To

make equal with. 2 • To fill half way. 3 • To meet halfway with.

a-itorité [North] v. [North] To be exactly half full. a-ɨtɔrɔgɔ́ny v. To grab; take advantage of people. ɔltʉŋáni ɔɨtɔrɔ́gɔny person who grabs; takes advantage of people. a-itoroníó [North] v. [North] To be thirsty or hungry. See: arón ‘To go without water’; a-pukoó ‘To go without food’.

a-ɨtɔruorí v. To have a nap. a-itorrokí [North] v. [North] To wrong s.o. a-itotí v.prog. 1 • To feed, cause to eat. One does not usually use this verb for feeding cattle. Éítótíto ɛnkɛ́ráí kɨt ́ aɨshɔ́ ɛndáa. I

am feeding the little child to give it food. See: a-daá ‘To eat, feed (intr)’; a-nyá ‘To eat (tr)’. 2 • To support. The central idea involves caring for s.o. with reference to food, to make sure they have enough. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aitotí ɛnkolíâî ɔ́ laláshɛ otúá. The man is supporting the widow of his late brother. (Pk).

a-itoyió [North] a-itú

a-ɨtʉ́

v. [North]

It has rained on me. (S).

To rain on. Káaitoyíó. [káàytòyyó]

come back. Eitú. He will come back. Eítu. He will come back. (W). Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aitú amʉ̂ ɛshɔmɔ inkáŋítie. The man is coming back because he went to other homes. (Pk). See: a-shúk ‘To return’. v.dir. To

unload sth. Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aɨtʉ́ ílólân to síkíria. The woman is unloading the donkey. (Pk). 2 • To do sth. one at a time. Note: For mk, the concept of loading is v. 1 • To

acceptable, but not necessary. Just that sth. is done 'one at a time.' Ɛshɔ́mɔ ɛnkɛráí aɨtʉ́ ilkuóo oótié ɔlálɛ́. The child is taking out the kids/lambs one at a time. (Pk). Ɛ ́tʉ. He will take one out one at a time (from end of set). Ɛ ́tʉ. He will take one out one at a time (from end of set). (W).

ɨtʉ- cause. Variant form of the Class I Causative prefix. See: ɨta-. a-ɨtʉdʉ́p v. 1 • To make effective. See: a-dʉ́p ‘To be effective’. 2 • [North]

a-ɨtʉdʉ́t

To kindle using a live fire as source.

v. 1 • To

make s.o. choose from two or more options. See: adʉ́t ‘To choose’; a-shɨlʉ́ ‘To choose’; a-gɛ́l ‘To divide, sort out’. 2 • To offer for comparison, make s.o. compare two or more things. Ɛɨtʉ́dʉt. He will compare / prefer it. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aɨtʉdʉ́t ɔlɨkâ ̂ ɨnkashɔ́ aɨŋɔrʉ́ ɛ́wáyâ. The man is making the other compare several heifers to choose one to take. (Pk).

a-itujúŋ v. To bequeath. Néítujûŋ ɔlpáyian ɨnkɛ́ra ɛnyɛ́nak inkíshú. The old man is making his children inherit the cows. (W). Ɛg ́ra olgírímâ lɛ́ nkaŋ aitujúŋ ɨlayîôk lɛnyɛ́na. The head of the home is bequeathing (to) his sons. (Pk).

a-itujuŋishó

plan for the disposition of one's wealth and family when death is anticipated. Né ́tujuŋísho ɔlpáyian inkíshú ɛnyɛ́nak. The man is dividing up his cattle (to give to various people). (W). This is done by both men and woman when one is older or has reason to anticipate dying soon. Central things discussed are: disposition/apportionment of property; (traditionally) marriage arrangements for your children; arrangements for settling debts. It typically may include what will happen to the family at large: eg. which son will be responsible for which wife, whether one son should be the overall caretaker for the family at large, etc. See: ajúŋ ‘To inherit’; en-kítújúŋore ‘Will’.

a-itúk [North]

v.apass. To

v. 1 • To

wash sth. (eg. clothes).

See: a-ɨsʉ́sh1 ‘To

wash dishes; clean a calabash’. 2 • [North] To wash hands. See: a-itukú; a-ɨsʉ́j ‘To wash sth.’.

a-itukó a-itukú

v.mid. To

take a bath.

See: a-ɨsúj ‘To

wash sth.’.

wash, clean sth. Eitúkū entitó ɔlayíʉ́ni. The girl will wash the boy. Ɛg ́ra entitó aitukú ɛnkɛráí kɨt ́. The girl is washing the little child. (Pk). Áaitukóki entitó ɔlayíʉ́ni. The girl will wash the boy for me. Ɛt́ áá ɛná áji ololá aitúku ánaa aké. This house has become a burden, to clean it every day. Kóre tɛ nɛ́tashá ŋolé ánáátá kinotô ɛnkárɛ́ nekíntukúyie inkíshú. If it could have rained yesterday, we could have gotten water that we (could) spray/wash cows with. (W). Álóíto aitukú inkíshú. I am going to spray the cows. (W). 2 • To wash sth. off of self; bathe. See: a-itukó ‘To take a bath’. 3 • To wash or cleanse oneself from evil or from curses. v. 1 • To

a-itukúó v.mid. To take a bath. See: a-ɨsʉj ‘To wash sth.’. a-ɨtʉkʉ́j v. To challenge. áa-ɨtʉkʉja To challenge each other. a-itukúó v. To take a bath. See: a-itukó ‘To take a bath’. a-ɨtʉkʉrrʉ́ v. 1 • To shame, insult. 2 • To

flatly refuse to give; repulse.

a-itukutukó

v. To

bluff. Note: see synonyms at ilalankúsh; a-kúsh ‘To bluff’.

a-itulú [North]

v. [North]

a-ɨwúáŋ ‘To flash’.

To light.

See: a-purú; a-

See: a-inók ‘To

kindle (a fire)’;

a-itulúb v. [North] To cause to be greedy. Párákúóísho náítulûb ltʉ́ŋáná. It is wealth that makes people greedy. (SN). See: lúbo ‘Greed’.

a-ɨtʉlʉlʉ́ŋ

v. 1 • [North]

To sense danger and make an escape. 2 • To cause to complete.

3 • To

make complete. 4 • To sum up.

a-itumokí v. See: a-tumokí ‘To succeed, have the opportunity to do’. a-itumutikí v. To delay s.o. from sth. Eyéwuo ɛncân aitumutikí ɨltʉ́ŋáná ɛ́ ́tʉ̂ épúô inkáŋitie. The rain has come to delay people from going home (on time). (Pk). See: aimutikí ‘To delay into the evening’; a-imutíé ‘To be late, linger’; a-tɔ́n ‘To sit, delay’.

a-itún [North] v. [North] To grab, hold firmly. a-itúny v. 1 • To step on, trample. 2 • To

despise; oppose. 3 • [North] To shoot, but not deep enough. 4 • [North] To hit without breaking the bone (as with a blunt object).

a-ɨtʉnyʉnyʉ́k [North] v.prog. [North] To compare. Ká ́tʉ́nyʉ́nyʉk kʉnâ taré. I will compare these goats. ́ ́ntʉnyʉ́nyʉk kʉnâ taré. We will compare these (SN). Ɨk goats. (SN).

a-itunyunyukíé [North] v. [North] To compare. a-ituŋeikí v. 1 • To pull sth. off sth. else. Ɛg ́ra oldîâ aituŋeikí ɔlɨkâ ̂ enkirriŋó. The dog is pulling off meat from the other. (Pk).

discourage s.o. from holding on to or doing sth. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aituŋeikí ɔlɨkâ ̂ ɛndúátá tɔrrɔ́nɔ̂. The man is discouraing the other from doing sth. evil. (Pk). See: a-nʉ́t ‘To slip out of one's hand’; a-pál ‘To leave off, stop doing sth.’; aituŋuaá ‘To make s.o. leave sth. behind’. 2 • To

a-ɨtʉŋʉ́

v. To

make sth. smell bad. This could, for example, be done by putting smelly socks into shoes.

a-ituŋuaá [North]: a-ituŋaá. v. 1 • To make s.o. leave sth. behind. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aɨtuŋuaá ɨntasatí ɛndáa nanɨp ́ta.

The man has made the woman leave behind the food they were carrying. (Pk). 2 • To

rescue, save. Néírorie Dáudi ɔlaitóriani iróreí lɛ́lɛ

sínkólíó ɨna ɔlɔ́ŋ natalákúá nɨnyɛ́ ɔláítóríání aituŋuáá ɛnká ́ná ɔɔ́ lmaŋátí lɛnyɛ́ná pɔɔk ́. And

David spoke to the Lord the words of this song in the day that the Lord rescued him from the hand of all his enemies. See: apál ‘To stop, leave off doing sth.’; a-nʉ́t ‘To let sth. slip from the hand’.

a-itupukú

bring out of the house. Éntupukú! Come out of the house! (Pk). See: enk-ítúpúkúnotó ‘The ritual of bringing a child out of the house prior to circumcision’. v. To

enk-ítúpúkúnotó

Nom sg: enk-itupukúnotú. n. The

ritual of bringing a boy or girl out of the house, usually several weeks prior to circumcision. This is a sign of preparation for adulthood. See: a-itupukú ‘To bring out of the house’.

a-ɨtʉpʉrʉpʉrán

v. To

a-ɨtʉpʉ́sh

put into an emotional state.

make sth. complete. round, spherical; complete’. v. 1 • To

See: a-pʉrpʉraná ‘To

be

put into an emotional state of daring to fight. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aɨtʉpʉsh ɨlɔɨnɔ́k lɛnyɛ́na aramát. The man is rearing his bulls until it is daring to fight. (Pk). See: a-pʉ́sh ‘To be in an excitable state’; a-p ́ ‘To be sharp, brave’. 2 • To

a-ɨtʉraá v. To lose. N ́m ́ncɔ́ aké ɛlɛ̂ wúshúwúshí elô aɨrrɨtá inkíshú amʉ̂ kɛ́ ́tʉ́raa. Do not let this transgressor go herd cows because he will lose them. (Pk). Ɛshɔmɔ́ pápaaí aasaayá ɛndâ áŋ naituráyie enkiyîô. My father has gone to visit that family that has lost a child. (W). See: a-ɨturraá ‘To lose, throw away’.

a-ituré [West]: a-ɨtʉrɛ́. v. 1 • To startle; frighten; scare. Eitúréíshó ɛná mísimísī. This darkness is frightening. (W). See: a-ituriá [North] ‘To frighten, shoo away’.

threaten. Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aituré ɛnkɛráí mɛ́ ́nɔsá ɛndáa. The woman is frightening the child so that she may eat the food. (Pk). 2 • To

a-ɨtʉrɨáá To scare away. a-ituriá [North] v. v. [North] To frighten. See: a-ituré ‘To frighten’. 2 • v. [North]

To shoo away.

a-ituríé [North] [North] To frighten with, scare with. a-ɨtʉrʉ́j v. 1 • To break a taboo, defile, pollute. 2 • To

cause to swell.

a-iturúk Variant: a-ɨturúk. v.prog. 1 • To precede, go in front; lead. Ɛshɔmɔ̂ ɨlaɨkɨtálak áaituruk áaleen ɨlmaŋátī. The spies have gone ahead to scout out the enemy. Kóre ɔpá k ́ndʉ́rr ́tâ áapuo enetií ɛnkárɛ, ɔlálɛ́ loó nkíshú âŋ náaiturukito, nɛ́sʉjak ́ ɔlálɛ lóo nkíshú ɔɔ́ Ɛmpapá, nɛ́ ́sɨadákɨ ɔlálɛ lóo nkíshú oó Lemeín. When we were

moving to where water is, then the group of our cows was the first one, followed by a group of Empapa's cows, then lastly the group of Lemein's cows. (W). Ɛshɔmɔɨtɔ́ impûôt áaituruk peê ɛsʉjʉ́ oltîm. The forward group of warriors is leading, followed by the backs. 2 • [North] To pass and get in front of s.o. or sth. See: ɛnaitúruk ‘The most important thing; leader’; dʉkʉ́ya ‘Ahead’; asiooyó ‘To arrive early, first’; a-ŋás ‘To do first, arrive first’.

o-itúruk n. First. See: a-iturú ‘To precede’. a-iturukúm [North] v.s. [North] To be pregnant. Kéíturúkūm ɛná kítók. This woman is pregnant. (S). In some S varieties, this verb can be used of animals or people. In other S varieties, this verb is used only for animals. See: a-áp ‘To be pregnant (of animals)’; a-nʉtá ‘To be pregnant’; a-iroishí ‘To be heavy’.

a-iturukumú

v.incep. To

become pregnant.

a-ɨtʉrʉkʉ́ny a-ɨtʉrʉpak ́

v. To

v. To

close eyes.

get filled up, swollen, plump; especially the teats or breats with milk. Káke n ́ntɛr adɔ́l ajó etubúlūā inê; nɛ́ ́tʉrʉpákɨ kunén, ɨlʉkʉ́ny aké ɔɔ́ irkimojík, But you first see that part has grown; it plumps up here, the tips (heads) of the fingers . See: a-rʉ́p ‘To heap up’.

a-ɨtʉrraá v.dir. 1 • To throw away; abandon. Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aɨtʉrraá osiapírdi. The woman is throwing away the old ́ áytʉrrāī siî iyyoók enkírōīshī aké cloth. (Pk). Ɛm pɔɔk ́. Let's also throw away all the heaviness. 2 • To lose. Maɨtʉrráá aná rrarráti. I will not lose this

piece. (SN). See: a-ɨtʉraá ‘To lose’. 3 • To lose s.o. in death (ie. they died). Usage: With human object. aɨtʉrraá enkiyîô to have a child die. See: a-náŋ ‘To throw’; aishukushukoó ‘To throw away’; a-imirkikoó ‘To throw away’.

a-iturrúrr

v.prog. To

gather, bring, collect together into one group;

heap up. Ɛg ́ra ɔlayíóní aiturrúrr ɨntarɛ́ amʉ̂ ésíápírdátɛ. The boy is gathering together the goats/sheep because they are scattered. (Pk). Néíturrúrro pɔ́ɔk ̄ ̄. They all gathered together. Eiturrúrrote ɨnkátampo. The clouds have gathered together. (Pk). Kéítúrrūrrī ɨnkayîôk áâ ɨlá ́bártak. Boys are gathered together who are new initiates. Káítúrrúrríto soitó. I am collecting stones together into a pile. (SN). Káítúrrúrró soitó ŋolé. I collected stones together in a pile yesterday. (SN). See: l-túrrúrr [North] ‘Crowd’; a-bɔsʉ́ ‘To collect, gather’; a-sót ‘To collect, gather, put together’; a-ŋɛrʉ́ ‘To gather fruits’.

a-ɨtʉsʉnyaá [North] stretch out.

a-ɨtʉshʉ́l

[North]: a-

Variant: a-ɨtɨsɨnyaá. v. [North]

To straighten,

ɨtʉcʉ́l. v. 1 • To mix two or more things together so they are not (easily) distinguishable, or so they become

homogenized. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aɨtʉshʉ́l inkinejí ɔ́ nkɛrrá. The man is mixing the goats and sheep together. Óre peê ɨntʉ́shʉl kʉlɛ́ ɔ́ sárgɛ́ nɛ́ākʉ̄ ɔsaróí. When you mix milk and blood it becomes ɔsáróí.

add, put together. Óre peê ɨntʉ́shʉl nabô ɔ uní nɛ́ākʉ̄ oŋúán. When you add one and three it becomes four. ́ Ɨntʉshʉlak ́ kʉlɛ́ ɛnkárɛ́. Add milk to water. Usage: This can be used for mixing two complete individuated amounts of the same kind of thing together. However, you could not use this for requesting s.o. to add some more tea to a cup that already had some in it.. See: a-ɨpʉ́rj; a-kúr ‘To mix’. 2 • To

a-itutokí [North]

v. [North]

To pour out most or all of a nonliquid substance (eg. sugar, flour).

a-itutú v. To make empty of contents at once. a-itutúó To fall little by little from a container. a-itutúm v. 1 • To put together two or more things that remain distinguishable; cause to meet. aitutúm ɨnkɛrrá ó nkinejí peê atumóki aɨrr ́ta tenébo. To put together sheep and goats so that I can look after them together.

introduce. Kááítútúmōkī ɔlaláshɛ láí. I will introduce you to my brother. 2 • To

reconcile; bring together warring groups. Eitútúmó ɔláígúɛ́nání ɨltʉ́ŋáná ɔɔ́taarátɛ. The chief has reconciled the people that fought. Usage: You can use this for making people meet, but not for mixing flour and sugar, milk and water. You can't use it for addition in math. This cannot be used for adding more of the same kind of thing, unless the two amounts are conceptualized as individuated. Thus, you would not use it for asking s.o. to add more water to a bucket that already had some water in it.. See: a-ɨtʉshʉ́l ‘To mix, add’. 3 • To

a-ituwuoó [North]

[àìtùwòó] v.dir. [North]

To move s.o. away.

a-íú

In some suffixed forms: a-íún. PF [Southern Maa]: -toíwūō. PF [Samburu Maa]: -

tiiwua. v.dir. 1 • To bear offspring or fruit; give birth. Ɛg ́ra enkítok aíú ɛnkɛráí. The woman is bearing a child. (Pk). Ɛg ́ra ɔlcáni aishó aíú ɨlŋanayíó kúmok. The tree is bearing many fruits. (Pk). Kéyu nkítók âi nkɛ́ráí. My wife will bear a child. (S). Nɛ́manyɨshɔ́ néiuní ɨnkɛ́ra. They will have children. (W). Eyíú ɛntánkɨlɛ ɛnkɛ́ráí. The mother gives birth to a child. (W). Eíúno. It has already been born/It is born. (W). Eyíúnī ɛnkɛ́ráí. The child will be born. Eyíúnī ɛnkɛ́ráí. The child will be born. / The child is being born (right now). (W). Eínī ɛnkɛ́ráí The child will be born. Ɛlɛ̂ oshî ɛtaŋasákɨ áayiu níkíntókíní iyíé. It is this one who was given birth to first and you later on. (Pk). Néjî etoíūō entítō. It is said that she has given birth to a girl.

Áátóíūō tɔ lárî lɛ́ nkálifu nabô ɔ́ îp naáudó ɔ́ ntomoni naápishana ɔ́ naápishana. I gave birth to you in the year 1977. Ɛt́ ́ ́wúá. She bore him/her. (S). Eitáyīō enkiyíô She miscarried. (lit: She gave birth to a deceased child.). 2 • To beget, become the father of.

a-ishó To give birth, bear (fruit). Note: Antipassive form of a-íú(n) a-iul

or a-í(n)

See: a-iní ‘To

be born’.

swing, swerve. Ɛg ́ra aíúl empíókî tɛ nkoitóí. He is swerving the vehicle on the road. (Pk). 2 • To stir. This is usually done with ol-kípire. v. 1 • To

go all over the place. Usage: informal. ɔltʉŋáni oíúlō a person who moves from one place to another. 3 • To

a-iulokí

1 • To

get to the point. 2 • To stir for.

a-iulú ɛnk ́má This is mostly ceremonial.To make fire with a firestick.

a-iúrr [North]

v. 1 • [North]

To stumble in speech. ɨdaŋɨdáŋ ‘To stumble in speech’.

See: a-

To make a slip of the tongue. Káíúrro. I said sth. unintended. (S). 2 • [North]

a-iurraúrr [North] [North] To blurt out; make a slip of the tongue while speaking quickly (S).

a-iurruúrr

v. v. To

move repeatedly from side to side; shake; wag. 2 • v. To be a wimp; lack confidence.

a-iurruurríé v.inst. To shake. a-iutuutíé [North] v.inst. [North] To use sth. to rub with. See: aiutu'út ‘To grind, scrape, make smooth’.

a-iutu'út [West]: a-iutuut. v.prog. 1 • [West] To grind grain. Eiútúútokí ɨlpáêk ŋolé. The corn was ground yesterday.

(W). Note: lk (K) and mk (S) reject grain as the object of this verb.

smooth or cleanse sth. Áítú'ut ɛndáp ɛ́ nkɛjʉ́. I will smooth the sole of my foot. Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aiutu'út ɨndápi ɔɔ́ nkɛjɛ́k. The woman is cleansing the soles of her feet. (Pk). 2 • To

scrape or remove sth. by scratching it off. Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aiutu'út olconí aɨtaʉ́ ɨlpáp ́t. The woman is scratching the skin to remove the hair. (Pk). See: a-idɔ́ŋ ‘To grind grain’; aiyí ‘To file, sharpen’; a-yutuyút ‘To rub’; a-jút ‘To rub, wipe’. 3 • To

a-iuyiaúí

v. To

be disturbed; troubled; disordered; worried. ɨŋasíá ‘To be worried’.

See: a-

a-ɨwarrɨwárr v. To be blurred; vague; indistinct; unclear; fuzzy. Kɛ́wārr ̄wārr ɨná báɛ tɛ iyíook. That issue is not clear to us.

a-ɨwarɨwarak ́ v.dat. To see sth. vaguely. a-ɨwarɨwarʉ́ v.dir. To be fuzzy; blurry. a-iwúáŋ v. 1 • To go aside, get out of the way (eg. to let s.o. go by); take a turn. Kɛ́ ́wúáŋá. He has stepped aside. (S). Ɛg ́ra

shʉmatá aɨpʉsʉ́ amʉ̂ ɛg ́ra ɨnkátampɔ áaiwuaŋa.

The sky is becoming blue because the clouds are clearing off. (Pk).

take a side route. Kéíwúáŋga. He has taken a different path. (S). 3 • To get away from. 2 • To

depart, as in death. Usage: respectful. Kéíwúáŋa. He has died. (S). This would be said if the deceased were not very old. See: a-yɛ́ ‘To die’. 5 • [North] To flash (of lightening). 4 • To

a-iwuaŋíé v.inst. 1 • To remove from the path of traffic; put aside. Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aiwuaŋíé ɔltîm peê ɛɨpáŋ intárɛ. The

woman is removing the (last of) the gate branches so that the goats/sheep may go. (Pk). See: a-ɨtɛŋɛ́l ‘To remove’. 2 • To move away with. 3 • To call s.o. aside.

a-iwuaŋú

v.dir. 1 • To

split off and join another group. 2 • To split off, branch towards.

a-iwuasú [North]

v.incep. [North]

To become patchy. See: wúâs ‘Having a big patch on side’.

a-ɨwúát v. To shake. a-iwuatiwúát [North] Acc sg: a-iwuotiwuot. Variant: a-ɨwuatʉwúát. v. 1 • To move sth. smoothly to and fro or to another side. Ɛg ́ra ɔlmóílaâ aiwuatiwuatá The beetle is moving slightly.(Pk). 2 • To

shake continuously and gently. 3 • [Chamus] To change sth. See: a-ɨbɛlɛkɛ́ny ‘To turn’.

a-ɨwuatʉwúát [North]

v. 1 • [North]

To turn around (of people,

etc.). 2 • [North] To turn sth. around end to end. See: a-iwuatiwúát ‘To move sth. to and fro’.

a-iwúc [North]

v. 1 • [North]

To stagger. 2 • [North] To leave one's family and go about as a vagabond. See: a-iwúsh ‘To loiter, transgress’.

a-iwuerrikonú [North] become pinkish-tan.

a-iwúl

v. 1 • To

Variant: a-wuerrikonú. v.incep. [North]

See: wuerrikói

[North] ‘Pinkish-tan’.

move sth. (eg. a club) back and forth. 2 • To move straight towards.

a-iwuló

v.mid. To

move from place to place without rest. ijúl ‘To decant’.

a-ɨwúɔ́t [North]

To

See: a-

PF: -tuwuo. v. 1 • [North]

To migrate, change residence, move. Kátúwuo. I have migrated. (S). Íkítuwúó. We have migrated. (S). See: a-ɨdʉ́rr ‘To migrate’. To change sth. áaɨwuotɨwuot ɨltʉ́ŋáná to change people. 2 • [North]

a-iwuowuokí To tap (liquid) into sth. Néíwuowúóki ɔsárgɛ́ ɛnkʉ́tʉ́k. He tapped the blood into his mouth. a-iwúsh v. 1 • To loiter. Ɛshɔmɔ́ olkirikóí aiwúsh tɔɔ́ ldʉ́kayí. The loiterer has gone to loiter in the shops. (Pk). This is mainly negative, especially with respect to young people. 2 • To transgress; have bad habits; be out of line, not follow the usual pattern, be defiant. Ɛg ́ra ɨnkɛ́ra áaiwush áany ɛ́n ̂ŋ intóiwúó ɛnyɛ̂. The children are transgressing by disobeying their parents. (Pk). Ɛshɔmɔ́ ɛnkɛráí náíwushúwush aɨrragaá ɨnkáŋítie. The wayward child has gone to sleep away in other homes. (Pk).

a-iwushíé

1 • To

lead astray, cause s.o. to be badly behaved. 2 • To deceive. See: a-looló ‘To loiter’; a-ɨmɛ́k ‘To transgress’.

a-iyá [North] íyáa

To be a colour. Kéíyâ. It is coloured. (S). Ííyááa. You all are coloured. (S). Variant: a-iyaná. v. [North]

interj. Possible

response if one has not heard another person

clearly; huh? what?

ɛnk- ́yág ́yag n. Bobbing of head while walking, like a bird. Tápala ɛnk ́yág ́yag, shɔ́mɔ tɔ́tɔna ́ntɔbɨrak ́. Stop bobbing your head as you walk, go and sit well. (Pk). See: ayág ‘To pause’; a-yagɨyág ‘To walk leisurely’.

́yá ́ [North]

[North] Nom sg: ɨyá .́ [North] Acc pl:

́yā, ́yaí, ́yân. [North] Nom

́yâ. n. 1 • [North] Crested porcupine. Hystrix. 2 • [North] Porcupine quill, used especially by uncircumcised boys to make ornaments. See: ɔ-y ́yáí; ɔ-yɔ́yáí ‘Porcupine’. pl:

a-ɨyɛ́t [North] v. [North] To unpack, unload. a-ɨyɔ́p v. To cover. Nájo ájóki oleyieyîô máyɔparɛ ewúéji peê kɨs ́k. I tried to tell my brother that we should go hiding ourselves along somewhere so that we disappear.

a-ɨyɔpɨyɔ́p

have intercourse. 2 • To cover again and again.

a-iyupuyúp

íyia

v.prog. 1 • [North]

Usage: vulgar.

To shake or bob as you move.

blaze. Íyupiyupié ɛnkímá. Make the fire blaze! Ɛg ́ra ɛnk ́ma aiyupuyúp olêŋ. The fire is blazing so much. (Pk). See: a-ɨnɔ́k ‘To light’; a-kʉ́t ‘To blow’. 2 • To

a-iyí

1 • To

whet, sharpen on a stone. Ɛg ́ra ɔlmʉrraní aiyí ɔlálɛ́m. The warrior is sharpening his sword (on a stone). (Pk). Éyaʉ́ enkií nikíyiíyie ɔlálɛ́m. Bring a whetting stone for sharpening the knife. (Pk). Nétūm ireméta naágɨrá áayiyi átɛ́. He found spears that were sharpening themselves. This is for metal sharpening, and is now done mostly on a stone. In the past, metal was sharpened by rubbing it on ash that had been spread on the dung on the top of a house. Kéíyíó. He sharpened it. (S). See: a-ɨtip ́j ‘To sharpen’. v. To

beg your pardon? What did you say? Íyíâ! Amʉ̂ ɛɨtʉ́ doí aníŋ enítéjo. I beg your pardon, because I did not hear what you said. (Pk). [Purko]: íyíâ. excl. I

iyíé

Nom sg: íyīē. pn. 2nd

person singular accusative pronoun; you. This free pronoun form is used in discourse to emphasize that the subject of the sentence is second person nominative ́ íretú iyíé. We (will) help YOU. (Pk). singular 'you'. Ɛk Ááílúgo iyíé. I hit you. (W). Ídúŋ íyīē. YOU (sg) will cut. Kílúgo íyīē. You hit me. (W). Tápala aké íyīē amʉ̂ káaɨtɨsɨnyákɨ ɛnkaí esíáai. Do not mind (lt. just leave it [if there are doubtful things]) because God will make this work holy/blameless for me. (Pk). See: kɛwán ‘Self, reflexive’.

iyíói [North] iyíóó

[iyyói] [North] Nom sg: íyioi. [North] Acc pl: iyíó. [North] Nom

pl: íyio. n. [North]

A bald hyena species, perhaps the aardwolf.

us. Kóre peê ɛ́dɔ́l iyíóó lósowuaní nɛ́arári áaɨsɨg. When the buffalo saw us, they ran away fleeing. (SN). Kɔ́dɔ́l lŋatúny iyióó. The lion will see us. (SN). K ́dɔlɨta iyióó lŋátúny. We are seeing the lion. (SN). See: iyíóók ‘First person plural pronoun’. [North] Acc sg: iyióó. [North] Nom pl: iyióó. pn. We,

iyíóók

Nom pl: iyioók. [North] Acc sg: iyóó. pn. First

person plural pronoun; we, us. Papâ ɔ́ ́kʉná injí iyíóók. It is our father who has done this to us. Kɛ́ār doí iyíóók ɛlɛ̂ tʉ́ŋání. This man will indeed kill us.

́'ɨ [North]

[ɪ ́ʔɪ ̀ with nasalized vowels] interj. [North]

No.

See: á'ā ‘No’.

Ɨ-ɨ i Letter representing the Maa high front advanced tongue root vowel /i/.

ɨ Letter representing the Maa high front non-advanced tongue root ɨ-

vowel /ɪ/.

pn.b. Pronominal

prefix indicating second person subject and no object (on intransitive verbs), or third person or plural object ́ t kʉnâ saên. You (sg) will choose (on transitive verbs). Ɨdʉ́ ́ among these beads. (SN). Ɨsʉmá embólúnotó eoŋúán. ́ tʉ́dɨt kʉnâ (You should) Read (Study) chapter four. (W). Ɨdʉ́ saên. You (pl) will choose among these beads. (SN). Á ́dɔ́l ́dɔ́lɔ ajá áɨm ɛntɛ́mátá. You (pl) will see that I will pass the exam. [polite] (W). ...peê irík obô ...so that you can lead (go along with) one (of us).

́-2

Variant: í-. vblz. Prefix

́-1

pn.b. Pronominal

which derives stative verbs from adjectives. In some dialects the resulting stative verbs can only inflect for third person. With some forms and for some speakers, ́- yields a verb meaning "somewhat [concept]". Nɛ́dɔl ajó éísīdāī. He saw that it was good. Kéíkúmo kʉlɔ́ ránkaûn. These whistling thorn trees are many. (SN). Ɛɨpádan ɨlɔ́ mʉrraní ́nâ mótonyî. That warrior will precisely shoot that bird. (W). Eisíntet. It is pinkish. (W). Usage: See usage note at ra 'be'.. prefix for second person singular imperative for ́ Class II verbs. Ɨngará ɛnkají! Hide yourself behind the house!

-ɨ1

num. Third

person plural suffix. Késesekúánā ̄. People are just killing each other. (C) [PL suffix after Middle -a]. Kégólī kʉná bólunot olêŋ. These chapters are very hard. (W).

-ɨ2

Variant: -i. voi. Impersonal

passive suffix. Ɛg ́rá ́ áaun ɛnkají. The

house is being erected. (Pk). Ɛnyaálɨ olcúma mɛtáa íjīō ɛnkɨkɛ́. The iron bar is to be chewed to make a brush. Ág ́rā aanyʉ́ máayakɨn ̂ peê atúm ashɔ́mɔ. I am waiting to be given it so that I can go. (Pk). Meyíólōī. It is unknown. (W). Ɛnkányɨt oshî erikíéki ɛnkɔ́p. By respect the world is ruled. (Pk). Nɛ́arar ́ mɛshɔ́mɔ He will be forced to go. Néíbukorí, néítejo osíwuo. They were poured out and the wind took them. Á ́bʉ́ŋa eneikoní tɛ néréwí ɛngárrɨ tɛ siadí. I have discovered how a car is driven in reverse. (eg. perhaps I have been trying for several days and finally figured it out.) (lit: I have caught that which is done of a car driven of behind.) (W). Óre oshî ɛnkátá naáíjō ɛnâ náshâ néunishôî. In a season like this of rain, planting is done. (Pk). See: -ɨshɔ ‘Antipassive suffix’.

-i [North]3 - ́

asp. [North]

Inceptive aspect suffix; enter into a new condition, become. ajieí To become swollen. See: -u ‘Inceptive’. and subjunctive verb suffix. Tɔ́bɔɨná ́ Take it away from me by redirecting it elsewhere. (Pk). Mmɛɨpʉ́táí á ́kātā inê amʉ̂ eúlulû nɛ́mɛ́ɛt́ a enkítíŋótó. You can never fill there because it is a bottomless pit. (Pk). Mátʉŋá ́. We should leave it behind. (S). Nyáak ́ shɔ́mɔ íyak ́ ɛnkákuiyia ɛnkʉrmá. Go again and bring maize to your grandmother. (W).

mood. Imperative

ol-iaatúa

Nom sg: ol-íaatúa. Acc pl: il-iaatuaní. Nom pl: il-íaatuaní. n.

1 • Inner

a-ɨbá

wall. 2 • Wall. See: ɛ-sʉntâî ‘Outside wall’; ɔl-mɛ́kɛ́kɛ̂ ‘Reinforcing wall’. Variant: a-ibá. In some suffixed forms: -ɨbar. v.mid v.aux+subjn-infinitive. To

hate, dislike. Kɛ́ ́ba. He hates him. (S). Á ́bá emisimísī. I hate the darkness. (W). Áíbáyie. I have hated.

a-ɨbaɨshɔ́ To hate others; hate the company of others. Ɛg ́ra ɔltʉ́ŋání ɔ́ ́bá ́shɔ akɛparí. The person full of hatred is

staying alone. (Pk).

áa-ibaro

other.

v.mid v.pl. To

hate each other. Kéíbárō. They hate each

a-ibayí [North] v.incep. [North] To come to hate. a-ibayíé [North] To hate s.o./sth. a-ɨbayú v.incep. 1 • To come to dislike. 2 • [Chamus] To become harmful. tɛ néíbayu ɨltʉ́ŋáná ɨná kɔp when that land becomes harmful to people. See: ɛn-

kɨbá ‘Hatred’; ɛ-naɨbá nkasís; ɛnaɨbá ɛnkáí ‘Sth. disadvantaged or problematic’.

a-ɨbakɨbák

move in a sinuous, spiral, or circular course; deviate from a straight course; zig-zag, wander. Ká ́bák ́bák ́ta aló Nairobi. I am wandering all over the place on my way to Nairobi. Á ́báábāā apaásh ɛnk ́má. I wandered to avoid the fire. 2 • To be verbally evasive, speak in a manner marked by obliqueness or indirection; beat about the bush, not hit the nail on the head. Téjo eníyíéú míntóki aɨbakɨbák. Say what you want don't be evasive. See: a-ɨbɔtɨbɔ́t [North] ‘To evade’.

a-ɨbalá

3.PF: ɛ-ɨbaábāā. v.prog. 1 • To

be conspicuous. Áɨbála! I am conspicuous! (Pk) [This could be said by a European in a crowd of Blacks.]. Á ́bálɛ. I became conspicuous. (W). [àybàlá] v.mid. 1 • To

To be likely to happen, be true. Kɛ́ ́bála ɨlɔmɔ́n. That thing (referred to) will happen. (S). 2 • [North]

be unambiguous, obvious, plain, clear, evident. Kɛ́ ́bála enkoitóí nálo sokóni? Is the route that goes to the market clear? (W). Ɛɨbála ɛncân tááisére. It is clear that it will rain tomorrow. (W). 4 • [North] To be an orange color. See: bárláí ‘Orange color’. 3 • To

a-ɨbalayú

v.mid v.incep. To

become apparent or clear; be able to

become clear.

a-ɨbalʉnyɛ́ v.dir v.mid. To come to be clear. a-ɨbalíé To reveal, confess openly, disclose, declare. a-ɨbalak ́ v.dat. To reveal to. a-ɨbalaanyaá v. 1 • To gradually light up the surface of the earth (by the sun); become dawn. Á ́nyɔ peê ɛɨbalaanyáa. I

woke up when it started dawning. 2 • To gradually increase the frequency of groaning when an animal or person is dying (the groaning itself may decrease in volume). 3 • To gradually increase the frequency of snoring.

a-ibalaanyarí To lie flat on the ground or bed with hands and

legs stretched out. See: a-ɨdalaány ‘To spread out, as of legs’; aɨdɛlarí ‘To spread oneself out’.

a-ɨbalayíé v. To clear. See: a-ɨtawáŋ ‘To clear’. a-ɨbalɨbál v. To shine, glitter. a-ɨbalú v. To reveal, make known. See: a-ɨbalá ‘To be clear’. a-ɨbalunyé v.mid. 1 • To reveal, make clear. Ɛɨbálúnyíé ɔláígúɛ́nání ɛmbáɛ naisudórō The chief has revealed the issue that was hidden.

be about to rise. Usage: sun, moon. Eibalúnyē ndámā. The sun is about to rise. (S). Eibalúnyē sérān. The moon is about to rise. (S). 2 • To

a-ɨbarbár [North]

v. 1 • [North]

To wake animals to go out to

feed. 2 • [North] To beat s.o. thoroughly with a light stick; flail. Ká ́bárbar. I'm going to beat him (eg. for leaving the calves). (S).

a-ɨbárt v. To watch over, take care of, inspect. a-ɨbartá [North] v.mid. [North] To be looked at, watched (said

of livestock by other livestock).

a-ɨbartɨcó [North] a-ɨbartaá [North]

v.apas. [North]

watch sth. or s.o. as it goes away. 2 • To keep an eye on s.o. younger or inexperienced.

a-ɨbartʉ́ [North]

1 • To

To be on the alert.

v.dir. 1 • [North]

To look for, search for. 2 • [North] To look at sth. as it approaches.

a-ɨbartuníé [North] [North] To look for sth. or s.o. by means of finding sth. else.

a-ɨbát [North]

v. [North]

To go on the side, shoulder or periphery of a path or road. aɨbatɨbát To keep walking on the soulder or periphery of a path. See: a-ɨbakɨbák ‘To avoid, zig-zag around’.

a-ɨbatisá Variant: a-ɨpatisá. v. To baptise; administer baptism to. Eibatísā ̄ ɨltʉ́ŋáná tɛ kánisa. Peple are baptised at church.

Borrowed word: English

enk-ibatisó [North] baptism ?.

baptise.

n. [North]

Baptism.

Borrowed word: English

a-ɨbaʉbáʉ́ [North] v. [North] To jabber, talk nonsense. a-ɨbɛbɛ́k v. To be watery, dilute. Ɛɨbɛbɛ́k ɛndá shái amʉ̂ eitú ɛ́p ́k ́ kʉlɛ́. That tea is light because it has no milk in it. (W). See: a-bɛbɛ́k ‘To

a-ibél

be diluted’.

roll sth. onto another side. aibél osóít To roll the stone. See: a-ibelibél ‘To rock from side to side’; a-ɨbɛlɛkɛ́ny ‘To turn over’. v. 1 • To

change direction of sth. aibél inkíshú To change the direction the cows are taking. 3 • [North] To rock (self) from side to side, somewhat regularly. 2 • To

a-ɨbɛlɛkɛ́ny v. 1 • To turn sth. over; turn around. aɨbɛlɛkɛ́ny emotí To stir sth. in a pot (while cooking). 2 • To alter, change sth. aɨbɛlɛkɛ́ny ɨnkɨláni To change

dressing. aɨbɛlɛkɛ́ny ilkigerót To alter writings. 3 • [North] To translate.

a-ɨbɛlɛkɛ́ny ɛnkʉ́tʉ́k To translate (lit: to change the mouth). a-ɨbɛlɛkɛ́ny inkíshú To cross-breed cows. a-ɨbɛlɛkɛnyá v.mid. 1 • To turn self over while sleeping. 2 • To alter self. Ɛɨbɛlɛ́kɛ̄nyā Kenya eríkōrē olári lɛ̂ 2002. Kenya has changed its leadership in the year 2002. 3 • To

turn around, reverse path of travel. 4 • To go back on one's word.

reverse behavior; repent. ɨlɔɔ́ ́bɛlɛkɛnyátɛ áaiŋua ɨntɔrrɔ̂k those who have changed to leave evil (C). 5 • To

a-ɨbɛlɛkɛnyak ́ v.dat. To transfer to, change to, turn to. a-ibelekeníé v.apl. 1 • To cause change. 2 • To

exchange. See: ɔl-á ́bɛ́lɛ́kɛ́nyani ‘Interpreter; changer’; amanaá ‘To turn’; a-iwuatiwúát ‘To change’.

a-ibeleléŋ 2 • To

v. 1 • To

roll.

a-ibeleleŋokí a-ibeleleŋoó

upset, overturn.

v.dat. To

1 • To

roll into, roll down.

roll away. 2 • [North] To roll sth. heavy away or over. 3 • To upset.

a-ibelibél v. 1 • To rock sth. from side to side. Ɛg ́ra aibelibél ɛm ́sa ash ́l. S/he is turning the table side to side to

scrutinize it. 2 • To rock or sway (self) from side to side; wobble. See: a-ibél ‘To roll’.

a-ɨbɛlɨbɛlɛkɛnyá v.mid. 1 • To keep on changing. Ɛɨbɛlɨbɛlɛ́kɛ́nyá ɨlɔmɔ́n lɛ́na kɔ́p. The news in this land keeps on changing. 2 • To

roll over and continue rolling in one direction. The rolling

is not 'back and forth'.

a-ibeloó v. To make sth. fall. Kéíbukóri kʉ́lɛ tenímbelóō enkúkúrí. Milk will spill out if you make the calabash fall. a-ibelorí v.dir v.mid. To fall down, fall off; drop. Kɛ́dánya ɛnk ́lasi tenéíbelóri. A glass will break if it falls down. a-ɨbɨb ́ v. 1 • To suck (fruit etc.). This might be done to get liquid out of a fruit where the flesh is inedible. Kɛ́nyɔ́r imótonyí áaibibíá ɨntapʉ́ka. Birds like to suck the flowers. See: a-bɨb ́ ‘To suck’; anák ‘To suck mother's milk’.

reduce the weight of sth. Ɛɨb ́bɨ Bíitíá osésen lɔ́ ltʉŋáni. AIDS increasingly reduces the weight of a person's body. 2 • To

a-ɨbíb ̄ā v.mid. To increasingly become thin. a-bɨb ́ [North] v. 1 • [North] To suck, eg. blood directly from a cow's vein. 2 • [North] To sap, drain, devitalize, ie. to drain blood, strength, etc. from s.o. or sth. weak in the first place.

a-ɨbɨbɨarí v.dir. To shrivel. a-ibiitiá v. To have health slowly decline, reduce in size; become very thin due to illness. Ɛg ́ra aibiitiá. It is taking him away slowly. Áaibiitíaa bíitíá. AIDS will wear me out slowly. a-ibiitiarí [àybììtìàɾí]; note that [tìà] is one mora, though not palatalized [tyà] v.dir v.mid. To go down in health, fail to grow, despite food. Kɛ́g ́ra ɛná kɛráí aibiitiarí. This child is going down and down a-ibíl

in health. v. 1 • To

come loose.

fall off, flop off (eg. because of being too big). Kébílo. It has fallen off. (eg. meat falling off a bone after boiling a long time) (S). Kéíbīlō mpɛrɛ́. The spear blade came off. (S). Kéíbóló. It has fallen off. (S). 2 • To

fade. Ɛnkɨlâ náíbil emúa A cloth that changes color. 4 • [North] To be very fat. 5 • [North] To cook meat such that the fat is rendered and rises. See: a-pukú ‘To come off, get out’. 3 • To

a-ibirú

v. 1 • [North]

To fail to meet the desired goals. 2 • [North] To fail to germinate (of plants). 3 • [North] To fail to rain at an expected time of the year. [North]: a-ɨbɨrʉ́, a-ibirú. 1 • To

miscarry, abort. Eibírū. She will miscarry.

give birth prematurely. Kɛ́ ́b ́rʉ́a She has give birth prematurely. (S). This can be used of any female, human or animal. 3 • To anticipate prematurely. 2 • To

a-ibiruníé v.dir v.cause. To cause an abortion. a-ɨbɨr ́sh [South] v. 1 • [South] To be without appetite or desire to eat. 2 • [South] To be proud; stay aloof. See: a-bɨr ́ ‘To sip’.

a-ɨbɨrrɨb ́rr think’.

a-ɨb ́s

v. To

think about, ponder, consider.

See: a-damʉ́ ‘To

v. 1 • To

sob; whimper. 2 • [North] To be so full that closing the container makes a liquid overflow.

a-ɨbɨsɨb ́s

leak; seep out. Ɛg ́ra oltóô aɨbɨsɨb ́s. The barrel is leaking. 1 • To

keep on sobbing. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí aɨbɨsɨb ́s. The child is sobbing. 2 • To

a-ɨbɨsak ́ [North]

v.dat. [North]

To crack a bone open in order to remove a bit of fat (not marrow).

a-ibisíóŋ [North] v. 1 • [North] To be somewhat sick, feel unwell. Ɨmɛdáā ɛnk ́tɛ̄ŋ náíbisíoŋ. A cow that is sick cannot eat

grass. (L). Syn: a-múéí ‘To be sick’; a-nyaalá ‘To be ill’. 2 • [North] To be cold, unfresh (eg. yesterday's food).

a-ibók

PF: a-iboó. PL IMP: ímbōōī. v. 1 • To

hinder, prevent, block sth. from moving. Éíbok. He will hinder it. Mbóoó 'Block him!'. ́ boó lɛ́lɔ́ ashɔ́ mɛ́puo áanak. Prevent those calves Ɛm from going to suckle. (Pk). Ɛshɔmɔ́ ɛnkáyíóní aibók inkíshú peê méítóki áapuo oséro. The boy has gone to prevent the cows from going into the forest. retain. Ádɔ́l oshî eibokí entítō nabô najuŋ kʉnâ kíshú. I normally see one girl who is retained so as to inherit the cows. [ie. when a woman has had no sons]. 2 • Detain,

restrain morally. aibók entorróní peê mépúkú To prevent a wrong from happening. See: a-iboorí ‘To be blocked’. 3 • To

a-ibookí [North] v.dat. [North] To rebuff, spurn. a-ibón v.prog. 1 • To exercise the office of ritual expert (ol-oibóni).

The ritual expert may divine, foretell, prophesy; make and dispense traditional medicine; or treat s.o. ritually. Éíbon ɔlárrabal. He will divine/fortell the war. (W -K). aibón emurúa to treat a site ritually with blessings to make it fit for a ceremonial settlement. 2 • To do witchcraft.

a-ibonú ́Tō exercise the o ce of ritual expert. a-ibonishó To divine, exercise office of ritual expert. Eibónīshō olóíboni. The diviner is divining. (W). a-ibonokí To prophesy, etc., on behalf of s.o. a-iboníé To prophesy, treat ritually, fortell with or at. a-ibonishoré To exercise the office of ritual expert with/at. áa-ɨbɔŋakɨ v.pl. To be caught (plural); an illicit sexual relationship, commit adultery.

a-iboó

v.pf. Subjunctive

or Perfect(ive) form of a-ibók.

See: a-ibók ‘To

hinder’.

a-iboorí

v.dir v.mid. 1 • To

be blocked from somewhere; stopped from

moving on. Éíbóórî ɨltʉŋaná tɔ réyiet peê elotú ɛnkárɛ The people were blocked by the river when the water flowed. 2 • To move off in stages. See: a-ibók ‘To prevent; block,’.

a-ibooyó v.dir. 1 • To prevent, stop, block, barricade, restrain. Ɛg ́ra olkíboóyō aibooyó inkíshú. The swallow is blocking the cows. (Pk). 2 • To restrain in a moral or non-maerial sense. See: a-ibók ‘To block’.

a-ibororó v. To rave, speak deliriously, esp. from sickness. a-ɨbɔ́rr v.s. 1 • To be white. Ɛ́ ́bɔ̄rr. It is white. Ɛ ́bɔ̄rr. It is white. (W). aɨbɔ́rr kʉtʉ́k To have a white face (of animals) (lit: to be white the mouth). Kɛ́ ́bɔ̄rr oshî intápʉka ó ltépésí. [óltepesi] The owers of an acacia tree are white. Kɛ́ ́bɔ́rráa kʉná kíshu. These cows are white. (SN). Eibórru. It will become white. Kɛ́ ́bɔ́rrá. It became white. (S). Kéíborríéki tááisére. It will be made white tomorrow. ná ́bɔ̄rr white (lit: that which is white) (W). 2 • To be pale or palid (eg. from sickness, dry skin, dust); be the color of a mzungu/white person. ɔltʉŋáni ɔ́ ́bɔ̄rr a white ́ person (ie., European). Ɨmbɔ́ rra! You've become white! (from sickness). Kéíbórru oshî olcóni lɔ́ ltʉŋáni omúéí. The skin of a sick person becomes white (ie. flaky, dry).

́ be unfortunate; unlucky. Usage: insult. Ɨmbarrá! May you always be found out! "Nákaɨbárrā ɨmɨncɔ́ oshî ɨnkɛ́ra ɛndáa!" "You-be-white! You never give the children food!". 3 • To

́ desist. Ɨmbɔrrá. Stop! (eg. said to a child who is goofing off and consistently making others laugh). 4 • To

́ be peaceful. Ɨmbɔrrá. Have peace. (eg. said to s.o. departing on a journey). 6 • [North] To be dried up (of land). 5 • To

a-iborrú

v.incep. 1 • To

whiten, become white. 2 • [North] To dry up.

a-ɨbɔ́rr ɔnyɛ́k v.s. To be immoral, promiscuous. ɔltʉŋáni ɔ́ ́bɔ́rr ɔnyɛ́k person who is immoral, promiscuous. See: a-ɨbɔ́rr ɔ́ŋʉ ‘To be immoral’.

a-ɨbɔ́rr ɔ́ŋʉ

v.s. 1 • To

be immoral, promiscuous (lit: to be white (as to) the eye). See: a-ɨbɔ́rr ɔnyɛ́k ‘To be immoral’. 2 • To have poor judgment, not choose best of several options. Kɛ́ ́bɔ̄rr ɔ́ŋʉ. He has poor judgement.

enkitók ná ́bɔ̄rr ɔnyɛ́k Prostitute (lit: a woman who is whiteeyes).

a-ɨbɔ́rr ɔ́shɔ́kɛ

nkɔ́cɛ́kɛ. v.s. 1 • To be soft-hearted, compassionate, generous, munificient (lit: to be white (as to) the stomach). ɔltʉŋáni ɔ́ ́bɔ̄rr ɔ́shɔ́kɛ compassionate person (Pk). Káaɨbɔ̂rr ɔ́shɔ́kɛ. I am compassionate. (lit: The stomach whites me/My stomach is white.). Kɛ́ ́bɔ̄rr ɔ́shɔ́kɛ. He is kind-hearted/generous/emotional. (Pk). Kɛ́ ́bɔ̄rr ɔ́shɔ́kɛ ɛldɛ̂ payíán. That man is compassionate. (lit: The stomach [nominative] is white that man [accusative].). 2 • [North] To be open, unfettered. Ant: a-rɔ́k ɔ́shɔ́kɛ ‘To be hardhearted’.

a-ɨbɔrrá

[North]: a-ɨbɔ́rr

be(come) bewildered, shocked. Á ́bɔ́rra. I got shocked/bewildered. (lit: I am white.) (Pk). v.mid. To

ɛnk-ɨbɔ́rra Nom sg: ɛnk- ́bɔrra. [North] Acc sg: nk-ɨbárra. n. 1 • Whiteness. Á ́sídáí ɛnk ́bɔrra ɛ́ nâ kɨlâ. The whiteness of this cloth is good. (Pk). 2 • The

part of the month when there is moonlight. Ɛtabáwūā

ɛnk ́bɔrra amʉ̂ ɛɨshʉnyɛ́ ɛná ́m ̂n. The part of the month when the moon is bright has come because the dark period has ended. (Pk). See: a-ɨbɔ́rr ‘To be white’.

ɛnk-ɨbɔ́rra ɔ́lapa following.

a-ɨbɔrrɨbɔ́r

Nom sg: ɛnk-

́bɔrra ɔ́lapa. n. New moon and days

v. 1 • To

beat gently as not to cause pain but to draw attention. aɨbɔrrɨbɔ́r ɛnkayíóni meinyô To beat the boy gently to make him wake up. 2 • To make the cows wake up from lying down and start grazing or drive them away. Ɛg ́ra olcékut aɨbɔrrɨbɔ́r inkíshú mɛshɔ́mɔ áadaa The shepherd is waking up the cattle to go and graze.

a-ɨbɔrríé omóm

v.phrase. To

cause one to be liked (lit: to cause the face to be white). Káá ́bɔ́rrie omóm. I will cause you to be favored/liked. (lit: 'I will cause you to become white the face.').

a-ibót v. To hack off (esp. meat). a-ɨbɔtɨbɔ́t [North] v. 1 • [North] To not go straight to the

destination; evade. 2 • [North] To verbally evade or "beat about the bush". See: aɨbakɨbák ‘To evade’.

a-ibúk v. To pour back and forth. See: a-ibukoó ‘To pour away’. a-ibukoó v. To pour away, pour out, spill. Ɛshɔmɔ́ ɛnkɛráí aibukoó ɛnkárɛ́ natíī ɛnkɨkɔ́mpɛ. The child has gone to ́ pour away the water that is in the cup. Ɨntalamá ́ ɛnâ kɛ́rá ́ dalût amʉ̂ kéíbukóō kʉnâ motorí. Keep away this mischevious child, because he will pour out this soup. (Pk). Néíbukorí, nɛ́ya osíwuo. They [flies] were poured out, and the wind took them. Eg ́ra Lɛpáapa agɛlʉ́ ɨlpáɛ́k oóíbukorí. Lepaapa is trying to pick up the corn that spilled. (W). See: a-bukú ‘To pour out’; a-isuaayá ‘To splash about’.

a-ɨbʉlaá [North]

v.dir. 1 • [North]

To spread out.

2 • [North]

To surround, go around. 3 • [North] To sprout. See: a-bʉ́l ‘To increase, flourish’.

a-ibulekény

be ill; unwell. Kɛ́g ́ra ɛnkɛráí aibulekény. The child is unwell.

a-ɨbʉlʉ́

v. To

v.dir. 1 • To

spread over the whole surface or area; sufficiently cover a locality. Eibúlūā ɛncân ɛnkɔ́p pɔɔk ́. The rain has spread over the whole land/area. 2 • [North] To predominate. See: a-bʉ́l ‘To increase, flourish’.

a-ɨbʉ́ŋ v.prog. 1 • To catch (sth. moving). Ɛ́ ́bʉ́ŋá ɛnkɛrá ́ ɛmp ́ra natanaŋákā Kónené ɛ́ ́tʉ̂ éôsh ɛnkɔ́p. The child (has)

caught the ball that Konene has thrown before it hit the ground. Eteléjūā inkúény atûâ ají nɛ́ ́bʉŋ. They tricked the birds into the house and then caught them. (W). Ɛ́ ́bʉ́ŋá enkúenyî tɔ lmútego. He has caught the bird with a trap. The Maasai do not traditionally build traps, but might catch certain types of birds by sealing them in holes. seize sth. aɨbʉ́ŋ inkíshú naáwak ́ To seize cows that were stolen. See: a-úáp ‘To seize’; a-ɨkɔ́ny ‘To seize’; a-ɨsɨmaá ‘To seize’. 2 • To

arrest. Ɛ́ ́bʉ́ŋâ ɨs ́karɨn ́ ɔlapúrroni. The policemen have arrested the thief. (ie. he has his hands tied up and has been carried off to jail). 3 • To

rape. aɨbʉ́ŋ enkitók i) To rape a woman. ii) To arrest a woman. 4 • To

hold. Nɛ́ ́bʉŋɨ áaijulul. They hold it (the child) upside down. Ɛ́ ́bʉ́ŋá ɛnkɛrá ́ ɛnkalámu. The child held the pencil. 5 • To

́ touch. Ɨmbʉŋá ɔlŋanayíóī. Touch the fruitǃ (W). Ɛtʉ́bʉ́lʉ́á ɛnkɛrá ́ amʉ̂ ɛɨbʉ́ŋá ɔltápʉ̂t. The child is now grown up because she is able to touch the ceiling. (W). 6 • To

7 • To

stick to following a certain path. Ɛɨbʉ́ŋâ inkíshu

enkóítóí áapuo oreyíét. The cows have followed (lit: ́ caught) the path to the river. (W). Ɨmbʉŋá ɛnâ óítóí amʉ̂ nɨnyɛ́ nékírík enetíī ilótorok. Follow this path because it leads you to where the bees are. Usage: A-sʉ́j 'to follow' is used for following sth. from behind, while a-ɨbʉ́ŋ is used for following along the length of sth., or going 'through' it..

enter into a new condition; become. Ɛɨbʉ́ŋá olóíriruá ɛnkɛ́ráí. The child has become crazy. (W) (lit: An evil spirit has attacked the child.). Ɛ́ ́bʉ́ŋá oltíkaná. He has become sick of malaria. (lit: Malaria has attacked him.). Ɛɨbʉ́ŋá ɛnkányɨt. He has become respectful/obedient. (W) (lit: Respect has caught/attacked him.). Usage: A-ɨbʉ́ŋ is not used for 'attacking' in war, or for being 'attacked' by a swarm of bees, as its central idea is that of 'grabbing' such that one can hold or touch sth. A- ́bʉ́ŋ also cannot be used to express sth. like 'He became a teacher'.. 8 • To

keep on doing sth. Ɛ́ ́bʉ́ŋá ɛnkányɨt. He has become respectful/obedient. (lit: He has got hold of respect.). 9 • To

discover, realize, notice. Á ́bʉ́ŋa eneikoní tɛ nérēwī ɛngárrɨ tɛ siadí. I have discovered how to drive a car in reverse. Ɛ́ ́bʉ́ŋá olmalimúí ɛnkɛ́rá ́ épúrrítô ɛntɛ́mátá. The teacher has caught a child cheating in the exam.[èpùrrìtò] with 10 • To

low fallinɡ or stress on final mora]

́ take care of. Ɨmbʉŋá taá ŋútúnyí o mínyī. Take ́ care of your father and mother. (W). Ɨmbʉŋá ɨnkɛ́ra. Take care of the children. (W). See: a-náp ‘To carry, take care of’. 11 • To

a-ɨbʉ́ŋ ɨs ́nk ̄r To fish. Ɛshɔmɔ́ láyiok áaɨbʉŋ sínkirrî.

The boys have gone fishing. (SN). See: a-rrésh ɨs ́nkír ‘To fish’; a-ɨtayú ‘To remove’; a-ŋorú ‘To fish’.

a-ɨbʉŋá To coagulate. Níwóu ɔsárgɛ́ láí... amʉ̂ kɛ́ ́bʉ́ŋa nɛ́ākʉ̄ inkírí. You tap my blood ... because it will coagulate and become meat.

a-ɨbʉŋaá

v.dir. 1 • To

take s.o.'s domestic animals without permission but not without sending word; borrow. 2 • [North] To climb or walk across sth.

a-ɨbʉŋak ́

1 • To

hold sth. on behalf of s.o. 2 • To take a gift to s.o. 3 • To catch a person redhanded, especially in an illicit sexual relationship.

aɨbʉŋarɛ́ [North] 2 • [North]

1 • [North]

To collaborate.

To unite.

a-ɨbʉŋɨshɔ́ To be sticky. Kɛ́ ́bʉ́ŋ ̄shɔ̄ ɛnaishó óo lotórok. The honey is sticky. Kɛ́ ́bʉ́ŋ ̄shɔ̄ ɛsárŋāb olêŋ. The mud is very sticky.

a-ɨbʉŋarɛ́

v.mid v.inst. To

requisition’.

a-ibúrt

attach oneself to.

See: a-ɨbʉ́ŋ ‘To

catch, hold,

v. To

afflict great pain and suffering to the body so that an existing wound increasingly becomes enlarged, or more sores develop.

a-iburtó

have great pain. aiburtó ɛnkaɨná To get more pain on the hand (more sores, wounds). v.mid. To

a-ibususó v. To lie down as one who is dead. Míntóki aibususó ánaa olotúá hɔ́ɔ ́ n ́naʉ́ra. Don't lie like a dead person even though you are tired.

a- ́c [North]

v. 1 • [North]

To pass, be over. 2 • [North] To emaciate. See: a- ́sh ‘To finish’.

a-ɨcʉ́ [North]

v.dir. 1 • [North]

To conclude. 2 • [North] To finish completely. 3 • [North] To kill off completely.

a-icuníé [North]

v.dir v.mid. 1 • [North]

concluded. 2 • [North] To be used up.

To be over, finished,

a-ɨcamɨcám [North]

v. [North]

taste’.

To taste sth.

See: a-ɨshám ‘To

a-ɨcamʉ́ [North] v. [North] To like sth.; like food. a-ɨcamunóí [North] v.mid. [North] To taste good. Kɛ́ ́camúnōī. It has a good taste. (SN). Mɛɨcamúnōī. It doesn't have a good taste. (SN). See: a-ɨcamú ‘To like (food)’.

a-ɨcankarrá [North] v. [North] To argue loudly. Ɨḱ ́ncankárratɛ. We argued loudly. (S). See: a-ɨshankárr ‘To argue’.

a-ɨcɨák [North] a-ɨcɨak ́ [North]

v. [North]

To meet s.o. or find sth. by chance.

v.dat. [North]

To follow instructions exactly. See: a-ɨshɨaak ́ ‘To put sth. just right’.

a-ɨcɨaakɨnɔ́ [North]

v.dat v.mid. 1 • [North]

To arrive opposite to. 2 • [North] To be right, just, fitting, appropriate, deserving.

-icie [North] voi pf. [North] Perfect(ive) Antipassive suffix. Kɛ́tárányícīē. He/she was a singer. See: -ɨshɔ ‘Antipassive suffix’.

a-ɨc ́m [North] Usage: esp.

v. 1 • [North]

To suckle a dry breast or udder.

of calves. 2 • [North] To suck or nibble on sth. See: a-ɨsh ́m ‘To suck, chew’.

a-icíó [North]

v. [North]

To give birth. Kétíície. She gave birth. (S). See: a-ishó ‘To give birth’; a-íú ‘To bear offspring’.

a-ɨc ́r [North]

v. 1 • [North]

To cry, weep, mourn (not necessarily shedding tears). Nélō Sɨdá ́ aɨcɨraá. Then ostrich went off weeping. (S). 2 • [North] To lament. See: a-ɨsh ́r ‘To weep’; a-ɨsogɛ́t ‘To cry’.

a-ɨcɨrc ́r [North] [North] To whimper, be weepy, keep on crying or weeping.

a-icirkalíé [North] carelessly.

v. [North]

To use sth. wastefully and

a-ɨcɨrt ́t [North]

v. [North]

slip, slide’.

a-icirtitíé [North]

To slip, slide down.

See: a-ɨshɨrt

́t ‘To

1 • [North]

To smooth sth., esp. the walls of a traditional house with cow dung or mud. 2 • [North] To make slippery.

a-ɨc ́ʉ́ [North] [àtʃyʊ́] v. [North] To get well, recover from illness. Ká ́c ́wa. I got better. (S). See: a-ishíú ‘To recover’. a-iciuníé [North] v.apl. [North] To heal sth. -ɨcɔ [North] voi. [North] Variant (esp. North Maa) of the Antipassive suffix -ɨshɔ.

a-ɨcɔ́ [North]

To give. Kɛ́ ́cɔɔ. He gave it. (S). 2 • [North] To allow, permit, let. See: a-ɨshɔ́ ‘To give’. v. 1 • [North]

a-icooyó [North]

v.dir. [North]

daughter in marriage).

icói [North]

To give away, give out (eg. a

[North] Nom sg: ícoi. [North] Acc pl: icôn. [North] Nom pl: icôn. n.

[North] Yield, issue (of a person, field, etc.). [North] ‘To give birth’.

a-icóp [North]

See: a-ició

v. 1 • [North]

To wear, put on. 2 • [North] To cover extensively (eg. locusts covering a hillside). See: a-ishóp ‘To dress’.

a-icopó [North]

v.mid. 1 • [North]

To be dressed. Kéícópe. She

is dressed. (S). 2 • To be dressed up, decked out.

a-icú [North] a- ́d

To be alive. 2 • [North] To be trustworthy. v.prog. 1 • To

v. 1 • [North]

See: a-ishú ‘To

be alive’.

jump up and move horizontally and land on the other side of sth.; jump over sth., spring over sth. Ɛɨd ́ta enkíne ɔlpááshíé. The goat is jumping over the fence. Ɛɨ́ d ɛnkáyíóní ɔlpááshíé ́sááî uní. The boy will jump over the fence for three hours. Ɛɨ́ d ɛnkáyíóní ɔlpááshíé tɔɔ́

́sááî úni. i) The boy will jump over the fence for three hours

(multiple times). ii) The boy will jump over the fence three hours hence. Ɛɨ́ d ɛnkáyíóní ́sááî uní. The boy will jump over three clocks/watches. (*The boy will jump for three hours/*The boy will jump three hours hence.). Ɛɨdákɨ ɔlpááshíé. The fence has been jumped over. Ɛ́ ́d ̄shɔ̄ ɛná áyíóní. This boy can jump over things. Áaidie ɔlpááshíé. He will make me jump over the fence. Áaidíé ɔlpááshíé. He made me jump over the fence. Éípid ɛtargéetî a ́d ɛncaní. The grasshopper will jump over the twig. See: a-ipíd ‘To jump’.

skip a stage. Ɛ́ ́dá ɛnkáyíóní inkilasiní uní. The boy has skipped Standard 3. (ie. He went directly from Standard 2 to Standard 4 in school.). 3 • To be ahead of; overtake; supersede s.o. in terms of sth. Ɛ́ ́dá ɛnkáyíóní inkulíē tɛ súkuúl. The boy has overtaken the rest of the boys in school. 4 • To mentally blank out or wander for a time; forget some ́ items in a sequence of items. Ɨŋgɨlá lɛ́lɔ̂ ɔmɔ́n amʉ̂ áaɨdâ. (i) Repeat those words because I missed them (eg. I was not paying attention while you were talking). (ii) Repeat those words because I skipped them (eg. I forgot to say them during my speech, but you know what they are and so can say them for me). (lit: Repeat those words because they jumped over me.). 2 • To

a-ɨdak ́ 1 • To jump onto or into; spring at sth. Átɔ́dúáa náají oltʉ́lal ɔɨdákā ɛnkají. I have seen a baboon that jumped onto the house. Ɛ ́dāk ̄ ɛnkáyíóní ɛnkárɛ́. The boy will jump into the water. Áaɨdakinyíé ɔlpáyian ɛnkayíóni ɛnkárɛ́. The man has made the boy jump the water for my

sake. 2 • To get on the back of; copulate with, as of animals. Ɛɨdákā ɔlɔ́ ́ŋɔ́n ́ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. The bull has gotten on the back

of the cow.

a-ɨdakɨnɔ́ [North] v.dat v.mid. [North] To spring at. a-ɨdaayá SUBJN: ndaa. v. To perish; be finished off, be destroyed. Mɛáta ɔltʉŋáni oyíéú nɛ́ ́daáya. There is no one who ́ wants to perish. Ɨndaa ́! Die! a-ɨdác [North] v. 1 • [North] To step on. See: a-ɨdásh ‘To trample’. 2 • [North]

To malign s.o.

a-ɨdacaá [North]

To pass by; have a brief stopover on the way to somewhere else. 2 • [North] To run over, step on as one goes forward.

a-ɨdacʉ́ [North]

v.dir. 1 • [North]

v.dir. 1 • [North]

To pass by; have a brief stopover on the way to the point of reference. 2 • [North] To run over, step on as one comes back.

a-ɨdacɨdác [North] [North] To tread here and there. a-ɨdaikíé v. 1 • To eat up, finish food. This is not used for consuming liquids (water, petrol, sodas, etc.). See: a-daá ‘To eat’. 2 • To exterminate, destroy, kill. This can be used for destroying people, animals, maize fields, buildings, forests, pests, ants, etc.

a-ɨdák v. To perish. a-ɨdakíé [North] [North] To exterminate. See: a-ɨdaikíé ‘To exterminate; eat up’; a-mʉ́t ‘To finish’.

a-ɨdaakinó v.dat v.mid. To destroy each other. a-ɨdalaány v. To spread out, as of legs. aɨdalaány embúku To spread out the pages of a book.

a-ɨdalaanyarí To lie flat with legs spread out. See: a-ɨdɛlarí ‘To a-ɨdáŋ

lie flat with legs and hands spread out’; a-ɨbalaanyaá ‘To gradually light up; increase’. v. 1 • To

be disfluent in speech (not necessarily permanently), potentially involving hesitation, stammering, misuse one word for another, mis-statement, etc. Átéjo á ́rɔ́ Maâ ná ́dɑ̀ŋ

amʉ̂ mayíólo aɨrɔ́rɔ I tried to speak Maa but I stumbled because I do not know how to speak it. Kɛ́ ́daŋ ɔltʉ́ŋání tenéírut. A frightened person stammers. See: a-ɨramɨrám ‘To

have a permanent speech disorder’. 2 • To be confused, dumb-founded. 3 • [North] To utter meaningless or unimportant words; prattle.

a-ɨdaŋɨdáŋ To keep on being awkward in speech; continue talking but not be of any help to anyone. ɔltʉŋáni ɔɨdaŋ ́daŋ person who is awkward in speech. a-ɨdaŋíé To confuse, cause to loose track of what s.o. is doing or a-ɨdáp

thinking. v. To

make plodding movements (possibly in one position) with the palms of the hands or the soles of the feet.

a-ɨdapɨdáp

1 • To

flatten sth. by repeated hitting or beating. 2 • To remove the fat layer of meat from the sides and ribs of a cow (such that just the ribs are left). 3 • To defeat s.o. in verbal argument or debate. 4 • [North] To go to many different place and not directly to one's destination. See: ɛn-dâp ‘Palm (of hand), sole (of foot)’.

a-ɨdapásh v. 1 • To scatter. Míntóki aʉ́m kʉnâ tokitín, ́ndapashá. Do not heap these things together, scatter them. (Pk). 2 • To spread sth. out in a wide flat arrangement. This includes spreading sth. like a sheet out, or spreading corn on a sheet.

a-idapashá To spread (self) out, disperse (members of a group). Bási émintóki áaɨshɔ ɛɨdapásha. So don't let them disperse.

Ant: a-sót

a-ɨdapdáp [North]

‘To gather; heap’. See: dápásh ‘Broad, wide’.

v. 1 • [North]

To allocate oneself or grab a

large track of land. 2 • [North] To slaughter crudely, with broad strokes, in order to carry off the meat (eg. as would be done by thieves). See: a-

ɨdáp ‘To plod’.

a-ɨdásh

[North]: a-ɨdác. v. To

flatten by stepping on; trample underfoot, squash, crush.

a-ɨdatɨdát [North] v. [North] To dream. See: a-ɨdɛtɨdɛ́t ‘To dream’. a-idaudáú [North] v. [North] To rave. See: a-yiaŋiyíáŋ ‘To rave’. a-ɨdɛkɛ́t v. To be slippery, slick. Ɛɨdɛ́kɛt ɛnkɔ̂p tɛ nɛ́sha. The land is slippery when it rains.

a-ɨdɛkɛtarí

a-ɨdɛ́l

v.dir v.mid. To

Syn: a-ɨshɨrt

́t ‘To be slick’.

slide; move obliquely or sideways, usually in an uncontrolled manner. Ɛɨdɛkɛtári ɛŋgárrî tɛ nkɔ̂p náshal. A vehicle slides on a wet surface. See: aɨshɨrt ́t ‘To slide’. v. To

get a liquid little by little from a reservoir (or udder for milk) until it is enough.

a-ɨdɛlʉ́ To scoop out when there is little liquid. See: a-okú ‘To fetch water’.

be nursing (of a mother). Ɛt́ ɛ́rɛ́wá yieyíô ɛ́ ́dɛ́lâ. He has chased our mother away while she was still nursing.

a-ɨdɛlá

a-ɨdɛlarí

v. To

lay oneself down with hands and legs spread out; or, flop oneself back (eg. in a chair) with hands and legs out. This can be due to exhaustion, sleep or sickness. Óre amʉ̂ ánáʉ́ra olêŋ, káyīēū ná ́dɛlári tɛ ndapásh. Because I am too tired, I want to lie flat on the bed. Usage: a-ɨdɛlarí implies exhaustion, extreme sleepyness, or sickness. a-ɨdalaány (or a-ɨdalaanyarí) focuses specifically on the position of the legs and could not be done in a chair; a-ɨbalaanyarí is quite general and need not imply exhaustion, but could not be done in a chair. All these are subtypes of a-ɨrrág.. See: a-ɨdalaány ‘To spread out, as of legs’; a-ɨbalaanyaá ‘To gradually light up; increase’; a-ɨrrág ‘To lie down’.

a-ɨdɛ́ny

v.dir v.mid. To

v. 1 • To

pile up, heap up. 2 • [North] To patiently get milk little by little from a cow that

doesn't let milk. See: a-ɨdɛ́l ‘To get a liquid little by little’.

a-ɨdɛtɨdɛ́t

dream. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí náʉrʉra aɨdɛtɨdɛ́t. A sleeping child is dreaming. (Pk). Ɛɨdɛtɨdɛt ́ta. He is dreaming. Ɛɨdɛ́t ́dɛ́t ́ta. He is dreaming. (W). See: a-ɨdátɨdát [North] ‘To dream’. See: ɛn-k ́dɛ́tɨdɛ́tata ‘Dreaming’; ɛnk ́dɛ́t ́dɛt ‘Dream’.

a-idiá ídîâ

v.prog. To

be a mean, worthless person. Éídia ɛldɛ́ páyian. That man is a mean worthless person. See: ol-dîâ ‘Dog’. v. To

[ìdìà] in context] Nom sg: idîâ,

ídîâ. dem. Feminine singular demonstrative; 3rd degree of distalness; that (far-away but potentially still visable). ídîâ búku that book (far away but visible). Ídîâ wúâs táatá ínosíé ɨlashɔ́. Today have the calves graze at that plain. A: Kánʉ ́nd ́pa atɛshɛ́ta ɛnkají? B: Á ́d ́pa ídîâ ɔlɔ́ŋ. A: When did you finish building the house? B: I finished it the other day. (Speaker B is not being specific about which day, except that it is in the past.). Emúóíta olóíŋóní; áâ taá ́lɔ̂ láínyáŋúá ídíâ ká ́ olôŋ. The bull is sick, that is, the one that I had bought the other day. (W). See: lékûâ ‘Those’; Pronouns-Demonstratives.

idia-ɔlɔ́ŋ adv. Distant future, including day after tomorrow. a-ididimán v. To aggrandize, expressing qualities traditionally associated with men. Usage: Colloquial. Tónyuaa índidimaná tánapʉ́ ́lɔ̂ olá oiróshi. Try to express manly qualities and carry that heavy luggage.

See: a-nyɔ́k ‘To

work hard’.

enk-ídídíman n. The expression of masculine qualities. ídîê [ìdìè] Nom sg: ídîê. dem. Distal place demonstrative indicating a place very far away; there. Ɛshɔmɔ́ ɔláyíóní aulúó aló ídîê ó ídie. The boy has gone all over the place, there and over there.

See: Pronouns

a-ɨdɨɨdá [North]

Þ Demonstrative pronouns.

In some suffixed forms: a-ɨdɨɨdán. v. [North]

To jump up and down (not necessarily over sth.). See: a-ŋoró ‘To jump’; a-

ipíd ‘To jump’; a- ́d ‘To jump over’; a-dʉmʉ́ ‘To jump (as in a dance)’; a-itíám ‘To jump, hop’; a-ɨpɨr ́ ‘To jump’.

a-ɨdɨɨdaná To be restless, moving from place to place; pace. Míntóki aɨdɨɨdaná tɛmbatá ɛ́ nkɨma amʉ̂ ékīnyīā. a-idík

Don't be restless near the fire because you can be burnt. ɔltʉŋáni ɔɨdɨɨdána person who is restless. v. 1 • To

join. Éídik. He will join them.

lengthen. aidík ɛnkɛɛnɛ́ peê ɛbaɨk ́ atɛɛ́na ɔlɔɨŋɔ́nɨ To lengthen the strap so that it could tie the ox. aidík ɨlɔmɔ́n To lengthen news. 2 • To

a-idikidík

1 • To

keep on joining together. 2 • To join thoroughly. 3 • [North] To tie to sth. which is in motion (eg. a goat to another goat).

a-idikokí To join up with. aidikokí olgosôî ɔlɨkâ ̂ To join the rope with the other one.

a-idikoré [North] [North] To accompany s.o. as a sign of loyalty.

a-idikidikoré v.mid. To follow up with; get involved in or with. Te níndikidíkoré ɛná síáai, nááyá ɛlʉ́kʉ́nyá. If you keep on involving yourself in this issue, I will kill you. (lit: If you keep on joining yourself with this issue, I will take-you the head.).

a-ɨd ́k v. To throb, throb with pain (eg. from an injury), ache. Ɛ́ ́dɨk. It throbs with pain. a-ɨdɨkɨd ́k To throb with pain repeatedly. a-ɨd ́m v.aux+Subjunctive-Infinitive. 1 • To be able, capable, have the strength to do sth. Á ́dɨm ataára ɔlŋátúny metúá. I can kill a lion. (W). Má ́dɨm ataára ɔlŋátúny metúá. I cannot kill a lion. (W). Ká ́dɨm ayiéw táísere. I will be able to

come tomorrow. (S). Átáán ́kɨ amʉ̂ ká ́dɨm aɨbʉ́ŋa. I am near to it because I can touch it. (Pk). Á ́d ́ma ataára ɔlŋátúny metúá ŋolé. I was able to kill the lion yesterday. (W). Á ́d ̂m ataára ɔlárrɔ metúá tááisére. Tommorow I will be able to kill a buffalo. (W). Má ́d ̂m ataára ɔlárrɔ tááisére. Tommorow I will not be able to kill a buffalo. (W).

be competent at sth. Ɔltʉŋáni ɔ́ ́dɨm ataása esíáai A person who is competent in doing the work. 3 • To indicate that sth. might occur; can, may, perhaps. Ɛɨd ́māyʉ̄. It is possible. (W). Mɛɨd ́māyʉ̄. It is impossible. (W). Ká ́dɨm ayéu tááisére. I may come tomorrow. (S). 2 • To

To be powerful, able. Kɛ́ ́d ̄m Nkaí. God is able/powerful. (S). 4 • [North]

a-ɨdɨmá

v.mid. To

be capable; be of equal strength. Kɛ́ ́d ́mā. They can face each other (their strength is equal; they have the same ability). Kɛ́ ́dɨmáro. They can face each other (their strength is equal). [This form focuses more on reciprocal action, of doing sth. to one another, than does kɛ́ ́d ́mā.].

a-ɨdɨmʉ́

v.dir. 1 • To

be able to carry. Maɨd ́mʉ ɛlɛ̂ olá. I will not be able to carry this luggage.

overcome. Ká ́d ́mʉ ɛnâ nyamáli. I will overcome this problem. 3 • To prove capable or fit; meet requirements; measure up to. 2 • To

́ Ɨncɔɔ ɛwálátá naɨd ́mʉ nɛ́nâ kikilikuanát ɛnyɛ́na.

Give him an answer that will answer those questions of his. (Pk). Ɛɨtʉ́ aɨd ́mʉ ataára ɔlŋátúny metúá ŋolé. I was not able to kill the lion yesterday. (W).

a-ɨdɨŋá

v.mid. To

be congested, crowded, filled or occupied to the point of overflowing. Kɛ́ ́d ́ŋa ɛná áji. This house is congested/crowded. See: ɛn-kɨdɨŋá ‘Congestion; overcrowding’.

a-ɨd ́p v v.aux+subjn-infinitive. 1 • To finish, complete (a task). Máapé áaɨdɨp entúróré ɛnkɔ́p peê kípúó áŋ. [kípúó ! áŋ] Let us go and finish up the cultivation so that we can go home. (Pk). Ká ́d ́pa. I have finished it. (S). Ká ́d ́pa píi ŋolé. [káydɪ ́pa] I nished it completely yesterday. (SN). Óu

tádɛkɛnyá amʉ̂ káanyu, káke mílotú taá dáma amʉ̂ á ́d ́pa} ɨna kátá ashɔ́mɔ. Come in the morning because I

will wait for you, but don't come in the afternoon because I would have left by that time. (lit: ... because I would have finished to go by that time.) (Pk). Usage: a-ɨd ́p refers to finishing or completing a task. a-ɨshʉ́ refers to finishing or exhausting some object such as food. Thus, the command íncu! is appropriate for tell s.o. to finish off the food in a bowl, but not T ́ndɨpa.. 2 • To be sufficient. See: a-ɨshʉ́ ‘To finish’; a-itíŋ ‘To finish’; abaɨk ́ ‘To be sufficient’; a-ɨmʉ́ ‘To be sufficient’. 3 • After.

Áyíéú shái aɨdɨpá atadáayu. I want tea after I

have eaten. (W).

a-ɨdɨpá

v.mid. 1 • To

be complete.

2 • To

be ready to use. 3 • To be sufficient.

a-ɨdɨrɨdɨrʉ́ v. To carry a heavy load towards the speaker. a-ɨdɨrɨdɨraá To carry a heavy load away. a-ɨdɨrɨdɨrak ́ To carry a heavy load to. a-idís v. 1 • To drizzle. 2 • To

be cloudy, stormy, overcast. See: ɛn-cán ‘Rain’; a-ɨtɨpɨt ́p ‘To drizzle’; a-ilísh ‘To be moody’. 3 • To be in bad moods.

a-idisíé enkomóm v. To wrinkle the face. Éídísíé oltásât enkomóm amʉ̂ ɛtagóre. The old man has wrinkled his face because he is angry.

See: enk-omóm ‘Face’.

a-idiyiadí v. To be anxious, worried; be stressed about. ́ .̀ A person will be Kéídiyíádi ɔltʉ́ŋání tenéjokiní, "Ɨyɛ̄ worried if he is told, "You will die". anxious’.

a-ɨdɔndɔ́rr

v.prog. 1 • To

See: a-ɨŋaɨŋá

́ ‘To be worried,

tame or train a young donkey by teaching it

to carry a pack. aɨdɔndɔ́rr olkurrarrú mɛtánapa ololá To train a young donkey to carry the pack. See: a-irót ‘To load with a pack’. 2 • To subdue, tame. 2 • [North] To train, teach. 3 • To make sth. or s.o. move away. Usage: colloquial. ́ Ɨndɔndɔrráí ololá linó ́wa amʉ̂ ɨmayíéú Take up your load and go because I don't want (your stuff). [rude]. Á ́dɔ́ndɔ́rr ́ta. (i) I am training a young donkey by loading it with a pack. (ii) I am making sth. move. 4 • [North] To coax a cow to give milk by stroking it.

a-idóŋ

v. 1 • To

beat or pound into small pieces using an instrument; fashion with force; grind. aidóŋ enkurmá To grind maize

into flour. Eidóŋutûô They have beaten sth. towards this direction. Eidóŋutúa. They have beaten sth.towards this direction. (SN). See: a-ár ‘To beat’; a-bɛ́l ‘To beat’; a-ósh ‘To beat’; a-iut'út ‘To grind grain’. 2 • To castrate by pounding; demasculinize. This is done by pressing the nerves that connect the testicles of a male animal with the rest of the body to make it non-productive. aidóŋ ɔláshê mɛtáa ɔlk ́tɛ́ŋ To castrate a calf to make it an ox. Kéídóŋōyī alɛ́ á ́ŋɔ́n ́. This bull can be castrated (ie. by pounding the testicles with a stick). (SN). See: a-gɛlɛ́m ‘To castrate’. 3 • To 4 • To

forge iron. aidóŋ olcúma To forge metal.

beat, cane. Note: In SN, this is the common word for beating a child with a stick for the purpose of discipline Etymology: ProtoOngamoMaa *-idoŋ- 'beat, forge (v.)', (Vossen 1989:195) from PEN *-doŋ-

'beat repeatedly, forge, castrate completely' (. Vossen writes, '"the primary meaning is probabaly 'to beat', since it is found in both primary branches of Easten Nilotic. Moreover, 'to beat' is less specific that 'to forge' or 'to castrate' which both presuppose the action of beating" (Vossen 1982:330-31)..

a-idoŋidóŋ To keep on beating/crushing/grinding/pounding over and over.

a-idoŋú [North] v.dir. [North] To forge. a-idoŋidóŋ v.prog. Restrict: liguid. To drink fast, chug down. Áídoŋídóŋíto kʉlɛ́. I am chugging down milk. See: a-ók ‘To drink’.

a-ɨdɔ́p v. 1 • To make worse, aggravate, exacerbate; finish off. M ́k ́ndɔp, ɨncɔɔ́kɨ mataárarɛ ɛnyamálī áí ɔ́pɛny

Don't aggravate it for me, let me struggle with my own problem. 2 • To ruin. 3 • To finish off, give "coup de grace" to kill an animal that will certainly die anyway. See: a-ɨgɔlaá ‘To kill an animal that will

certainly die anyway’.

a-idós

v. 1 • To

pluck out, pull out sharply; strip. 2 • To take back all possessions. 3 • [North] To sneak.

To skin or scrape (eg. one's knee). Éídósó nkɔ́p. He scraped on the ground. (S). 4 • [North]

a-idosú

1 • To

pull out, extract, uproot. 2 • [North] To sneak away from and arrive. 3 • [North] To run out of sth.

a-idukudúk

repeatedly do sth. 2 • [North] To have stomach upsets which throb with pain. See: aɨd ́k ‘Throb with pain’.

a-idúl

v. 1 • To

v.prog. 1 • To

drink excessive amounts of a liquid after short ́ t inkíshú teníndul intervals. Usage: colloquial. Ɨmʉ́ ɛnáíshó. You will finish (sell all) cows when you drink alcohol excessively. 2 • To make the sound of liquid in a container. See: a-ilúg ‘To drink excessively’.

a-idurúk v. 1 • To be morally or socially unclean; defiled. Mɛj ̂ŋ oshî ɨlɛ́wâ ɛnkají ɛ́ ntɔ́mɔ́nɔ́nɨ amʉ̂ kéídúruk. Men

don't get into the house of a woman that has just given birth because it is unclean. Kéídúruk ɛnkâŋ ɔ́ ltʉŋáni ɔtaará ɔlɨkâ ̂ metúá The home of a murderer is unclean.

be dirty, unclean; untidy. Eidúruk ɛná áji amʉ̂ méôr enkítok. This house is dirty because the woman doesn't sweep it. See: ol-dúruk ‘Uncleanliness; dirt; defilement’. 2 • To

a-ɨdʉ́rr

migrate, move house. (K)áídʉ́rra. I have moved my house. (S). 2 • To mentally move from one thought to another; mentally wander. Óre aké téípa nɛ́ ́dʉrr ɨnkɛ́ra e sukúul v. 1 • To

ɨndámunot. In the afternoon/evening, school children's minds wander (migrate). Ɛ́ ́dʉ́rrâ ɨndámunot ɔ́ lɛ Tara. Ole-Tara's thoughts have wandered. Áaɨdʉrrâ ɨndámunot. My thoughts have wandered.

a-idurríé To move house, cattle (transitive). Shɔ́mɔ tátala ínê peê tenéleŋ níkipuonú áadurrie inkíshú. Go

-íé

and survey there, if you find it green enough with pasture then we can take the cows. Képūō ɨltʉŋaná ɔ́ɨdʉ́rr áaɨrragarie inkíshú ɛnyɛ̂ inkáŋítie. The migrants will sleep away at other people's homes with their cows. (Pk). See: a-iwúót ‘To migrate’.

In some suffixed forms:: -iek,

-yie. appl. 1 • Applicative suffix for Class I and Class II verbs with a range of meanings: 1a • Instrument.

Ɛshɔmɔ́ enkítok aokunyíé oltóo ɛnkárɛ́

tɔlkɛ́jʉ. The woman went to fetch water with a barrel at the river. Kóre tɛ nɛ́tashá ŋolé ánáátá kinotô ɛnkárɛ́ nikíntukúyie inkíshú. If it could have rained yesterday,

we could have gotten water that we (could) spray/wash cows with. (W). Éípukóti apá olashé ótalakíéki orkíné. The calf that was used to pay for the castrated he-goat was a blend of black and white in color. (Pk). Ápíkie enkikómpe ɛnkárɛ́ emotí. I will use the cup to put water into the pot. (W). Kídúŋókínyie táatá. You will cut it for me using it. (W).

Nɛ́kuɛtunyíéki kʉlɛ́ ɛɨtɔk ́tɔk. They rushed with the milks when they are still fresh. Káyíéú náítóki aasishoré Mɛɨpɔny ́. I want to work with 1b • Accompanyment.

Meiponyi. (Pk) [a-as-ɨshɔ(r)-íé(k) INF.SG-do-APASS-INST]. 1c • Reason.

Etííie ɔlayíóní ɔlpayíán ɛnkají. The boy is in

the house with/because of the man. (The boy depends on the man for food or accomodation).

1d • Source.

Áapurroríé ɔlmʉrraní imbeníá. The warrior

will steal the bags from me. (W).

Nérukúnīē aké isírúai. Elands just came out [from a place which was hit]. Náa ɛncɔ́rrɔ-ɛ́-mʉny apá ɛ́tʉmʉratíeki. And it is Ngong town where they were circumcised. iloówuonie ɛnkárɛ́ the ones that stay at the water (C). Néishúnie ɛnkátiní ai tɛ ínê. My story ends 1e • Location.

-ie

there. 2 • Causative suffix for Class II verbs (ie. most stems which begin with i-). Áaidie ɔlpááshíé. He will make me jump over the fence. Áaidíé ɔlpááshíé. He made me jump over the fence. Áaɨŋatie ɔlŋátúny. He will make me flee from the lion. (W). Áaɨŋatíé ɔlŋátúny ŋolé. He made me flee from the lion yesterday. (W). Káídúrrie inkíshú toldonyíó. I will move the cows away from the mountain. (lit: I will make the cows move from the mountain.). Áíwúáŋie embúku. I will move the book. (lit: I will make the book go aside.) (W). Eishúrie. She will make it overcooked. Éíshúríé. See: ɨtV- ‘Class I Causative’.

asp. Form

of Perfect(ive) that occurs after Away directional and on Perfect(ive) Instrumental/Class II Causative. n ́ ́máyie that you have passed through. Éíshúríé. See: -a(k) ‘Perfect(ive)’.

a- ́g [North] v. [North] To brush one's teeth. a-ɨgaanyá v. To squat. a-ɨgál [North] v. 1 • [North] To roam about. 2 • [North]

To be idle.

a-ɨgány v. To fill, cause to occupy the whole of. aɨgány emotí ɛnkárɛ́ To fill the pot with water. a-iganyá To be filled. See: a-ɨpʉ́t ‘To fill’. a-ɨgará v.mid. 1 • To obstruct from seeing; hide behind. Ɛɨgárā

ŋolé. He hid himself behind sth. yesterday. Ɛɨgára táaisére. He will hide himself behind sth. tomorrow. Meiŋúár ̄ ɔltʉŋáni te néígara ɛncaní. A person is not ́ left when he/she goes to hide behind a tree. (KS). Ɨngará ɛnkají! Hide yourself behind the house! 2 • Ɛɨgára ɛnkáji enkíné. The house will obstruct/hide the goat from view. Ɛɨgárā ɛnkáji enkíné. The house obstructed/hid the goat from view. Ɛ ́gar ́ta ɛnkáji enkíné. ́ The house is obstructing/hiding the goat from view. Ɨngará peê mélíoyu. Obstruct the sight of him so that he will not be seen. (eg. stand in front of him). Melíoo Karen amʉ̂ ɛɨgar ́ta ɛnkáji. Karen cannot be seen because the house is obstructing.

a-igaríé

hide behind sth. aigaríé embúku o lórika To hide a book behind a chair. v.cause. To

a-ɨgarak ́ v.dat. 1 • To shut an opening or passage temporarily. ́ Ɨŋarak ́ kʉ́tʉ́k ají. Close the door temporarily. 2 • To pass next to. Óre tenílō láâm iŋúáā NEGST náa ́ŋárāk ̄ HFB. When you go to the road from NEGST you will pass next to HFB.

a-igarakinó 2 • To

v.dat v.mid. 1 • To

rely on.

lean on.

a-igataá v.dir. Restrict: Liquid. To sip a little bit of sth. Eigatáyie ɛnk ́tɛŋ ɛnkárɛ́. The cow has sipped little water. See: a-ók ‘To drink’.

a-igér v.prog. 1 • To brand designs; make beauty scars. aigér enkomóm to tatoo the face. This may be done with a razor

blade on a cow, warrior, or a girl. On a person, the design is generally many short lines around the stomach. It may be done with a needle on a woman's face or breasts. Sap of the ol-ŋéríántús plant is worked into the cuttings to make dark blue tatoo marks.

write. Áígéríto embúku tɛ nkálamu. I am writing a book using a pen. (Pk). Ɨncɔɔ́kɨ ɛnkardási náígérie kʉlɔ̂ róreí. Give me a paper to write these words. (Pk). See: a-ɨg ́s ‘To mark, carve’; a-s ́r ‘To mark’. Usage: A-ɨg ́s or a-igér could be used for making individual block letters. Only a-igér would be used for joined cursive letters.. See: ol-kígérótó ‘Writing; registration’. 2 • To

employ; register. aigér tɛ síáai to employ (lit: write in the job). Kéígēr Peter John. i) Peter will write the name "John" (eg. on a piece of paper). ii) Peter will employ John. (K)áígéro. I have employed him. (S). The connection between "write" and "employ" is that to be employed in a job, one will have his/her name written down in a book. 4 • [North] To mark a ring around a tree when felling it. 3 • To

a-igerokí To write to s.o. a-igerokinó v.dat v.mid. 1 • To be inscribed. 2 • To

write to each other (pl only).

a-igeroó To keep on writing sth. aigeroó ɨmpála To keep on writing and sending letters.

a-igerú a-ɨg ́l

1 • To

write to me. 2 • [North] To surround prey or enemies such that there is no escape.

́ repeat. Ɨngɨlá lɛ́lɔ̂ ɔmɔ́n amʉ̂ áaɨdâ. Repeat those words/news because I missed them. (eg. I was not paying attention). Á ́g ́l ́ta ɛndarása ɛ Kinkɛrɛ́sa amʉ̂ átárríe ɔlárɨ ɔshɔmɔ́. I am repeating the English class because I failed last year. (W). Ká ́gɨl aló nkárɛ́. I will go for water again. (S). 2 • To do again, repeat. See: a-nyaaká ‘To have repeated’; aitokí ‘To repeat’. v.prog. 1 • To

a-ɨgɨlʉ́ [North] To make a circle around. a-ɨgɨrrɨg ́rr v.prog. 1 • To sharpen with a typically metal file. Restrict:

Metal. Á

́g ́rr ́g ́rr ́ta ɔlálɛ́m mɛt ́pɨja I am filing/sharpening

a sword so that it becomes sharp.

cut by repeatedly rasping with metal. Ɛɨgɨrr ́g ̄rrā esekenkêî é lusíé adúŋ peê épûrr ɛnkají. He cut the metal of the window in order to rob the house. 2 • To

a-ɨgɨrrɨgɨrrɨshɔ́ a-igís

v.apas. To

begin to establish one's self in life with reference to the accumulation of cattle, household items, goods. See: ɔl-g ́rr ́g ́rrɛ́t ‘File’; a-iutu'út ‘To grind’.

jump up with legs off the ground at the same time and quickly back onto the same surface (as in men dancing), or to another lower surface. Káígísíto. I am jumping. Éígísô ŋolé ɨlmʉ́rrân tɛ bɔ́ɔ. Yesterday warriors jumped inside the kraal. Áagisíé osinkólīō. The song has made me jump (to its rythm). Áígísókō atûâ ɛnkárɛ́. I jumped into the water. See: a-ŋoró ‘To jump’; a-ipíd ‘To jump’; ád ‘To jump over’; a-dʉmʉ́ ‘To jump (as in a dance)’; a-itíám ‘To jump’; a-ɨpɨr ́ ‘To jump’.

a-ɨg ́s

v.prog. Restrict: human. To

v.prog. To

produce semi-permanent marks that are not continuous with one another (eg. block letters, cuts on the skin to facilitate healing, tread on tyres or bottom of shoes, carving in wood or metal); mark, carve. Ká ́g ́s ́ta. I am carving, marking. Usage: a-ɨg ́s would not be used for writing a book (cf. a-igér)..

a-ɨg ́s ɛnkɔ́shɔ́kɛ To cut the stomach with short cuts, perhaps around the belly area, eg. for treating a disease. mark, write’.

See: a-igér ‘To

a-ɨgɔlaá v.dir. 1 • To kill an animal that will certainly die anyway. Eigoláítie inkíshu oláshê. The cows have killed a calf that was already weak. This could be done for compassionate reasons. For example, when migrating if a weak cow is just unable to move further, it might be killed so that it would not be taken by hyenas.

2 • To

ruin sth. that is already seriously damaged, so it is unusable.

a-igolarí v.dir v.mid. To die (of an already weak animal). Eigolári ayɛ́. It has died (an already weak animal). a-igór v. 1 • To moan, groan. 2 • To

make a sound from fear or pain (eg. because of an attack or severe sickness). This is distinguished from mooing and from cries made by humans. See: a-ɨsh ́r ‘cry’.

a-igorgór [North]

Variant: a-igorrugórr; a-igorogór. v. [North]

To

scrape off (eg. bark from a stick, fuzz from a hide). See: acʉ́rt ‘To scrape’. Usage: A-igorgór implies more difficult removal than does a-cʉ́rt..

a-igúán

[North]: a-ɨgúán. v. 1 • To

advise’. 2 • [North] To judge.

advise, counsel.

See: a-igúɛ́n ‘To

a-ɨguaná [North] [North] To deliberate, hold a meeting. a-ɨguanarɛ́ [North] [North] To reprove, judge. a-ɨguanak ́ [North] [North] To win over to an idea or counsel; convince.

ɛnk-igúána [Purko] igúɛ́na ‘Meeting’.

n. [Purko]

Meeting.

See: enk-

a-ɨgúár [North] v. [North] To scratch an animal lightly, esp. on the dewlap. Ká ́gwára. I have scratched it. (S). See: aɨgʉrgʉ́r ‘To scratch’.

a-igúɛ́n [North]: a-igwán. v. 1 • To advise, give counsel with wisdom. Éíguɛn ɔlpáyian ɨlayîôk lɛnyɛ́nā imbáa ɛ́ páyíánisho. The man will counsel his sons on issues

concerning manhood. This can take the form of a knowledgeable person advising s.o. with less experience or wit; or it can take the form of each person in a meeting contributing their viewpoint for all to hear. Syn: a-ikók ‘To advise, counsel’.

2 • To

give judgment; charge.

a-iguɛná

v.mid. To

discuss.

discuss, consider. Ɛg ́ra ɔláígúɛ́nání ashukú ́nâ báɛ peê epuo emúrúá áaiguanarɛ. The chief has referred (returned) that issue so that it can be dealt with by the people of the area. (Pk). 2 • [North] To decide. 1 • To

a-iguɛnak ́ To give counsel; preside over. a-iguɛnarɛ́ To reflect deeply on sth.; ponder. See: ɔl-

aigúɛ́nani ‘Chief, judge’; enk-igúɛ́na ‘Meeting’; a-ikumú ‘To judge’; a-r ́sh ‘To judge’.

enk-igúɛ́na

Nom sg: enk-íguɛnā. Acc pl: ink-iguɛnát. Nom pl: ink-

íguɛnat. [Purko] Acc sg: ɛnk-igúána. [North] Acc sg: nk-igwána. n. Meeting. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aitiŋíé ɛnkigúána. The man is bringing the meeting to an end. (Pk). See: a-igúɛ́n ‘To judge, counsel, advise’; ɔl-aigúɛ́nani ‘Advisor’.

a-igúɛ́r

v. To

cause to be calm or still. This is usually done to animals by scratching a little bit on their bodies. It is rarely done to humans, but when used it could be done by gentle urging or flattering. Ínguɛrá ɔlámʉyɛ peê itúm airóto. Make the male donkey calm so that you can load it. Syn: a-ɨtɔbɔ́r ‘To cause to be calm or still’.

a-ɨgʉɨgʉɨar ́ [North] slowly.

[aɪgwɪgwɪarɪ ́] v. [North]

To drag oneself along

a-igunyagúny v. To start moving (of a child). Eitérūā ɛnkɛráí aigunyagúny. The child has started to move. a-igunyagunyíé To harass playfully or maliciously (especially by ridicule); provoke with persistent annoyances; frustrate.

a-igurán

play. (K)ɛ́ ́gʉran ́ta. He is playing. (S). This playing could be racing, drama, dancing (though not ceremonially), or anything else a child would play at; the word [North]: a-ɨgʉrán. v.prog. 1 • To

is associated with happiness and fun. For reference to an adult, see sense 3. Ɛg ́ra náají inkáyiok áasotu intóto naíguránie. The boys are collecting pebbles for playing with. Ɛg ́ra ɨnkɛrâ kʉ́tɨt ́ áairrugo ɛgɨrá áaiguran. The small children are bending down as they play. dance, jump, sing. Eigúran ɨlmʉ́rrân ó ntóyie tɛ bɔ́ɔ. Warriors and girls dance in the centre of the kraal. 3 • To be playful; joking; act in a funny or teasing way. 4 • To be irresponsible. This could be said of a person who had been a 'good' person, but now seemed to be 'playing' with life. 5 • [North] To compete. 2 • To

a-iguraníé To play with, joke with. M ́ngʉ́ráníé á ́kátá ɨlasúrīāā! Never play with snakes! (W). ɔl-tʉŋáni oigúran A playful person. See: en-kigúran ‘Play’; arány ‘To dance’; a-cá ‘To dance’.

a-iguraníé 1 • To

v. play.with.

play with. 2 • To joke with. See: a-igurán ‘To play’.

a-ɨgʉrgʉ́r v. To scratch. a-ɨgʉ́s v.prog itr. To be shakable, unsteady. Ɛ́ ́gʉs ɛná bokíshi.

This house pole is not steady. (Pk). See: a-ɨgʉsʉgʉ́s ‘To shake’.

é-ígūsāt [North] v. [North] Emaciated; thin. Éígúsát kʉná kishu These cows are thin. Syn: sâs ‘thin’. a-igusigusíé Variant: a-igus!ugús!ie; a-igusugusíé. v. To shake sth. See: a-ipirripírr ‘To

shake’; a-ɨŋʉnʉŋún ‘To shake’; a-ɨpɔ́sh ‘To shake’; a-iseiseiye ‘To shake’; a-inyenyé ‘To shake’; a-ɨkíj ‘To shake’.

a-ɨgʉsʉgʉ́s

v itr. To

move back and forth in an unstable manner; shake. Ká ́gʉsʉ́gʉs. I'm shaking. (S).

a-igusugusíé

v.inst. To

shake sth.

See: a-ɨgʉ́s ‘To

shake’.

a-ɨgʉ́t

v.prog. To

change one's position by a short displacement (eg. from one chair to another); move a bit from one point to another; shift position. (K)á ́gʉ́t ́ta. I am moving a short amount.

a-ɨgʉtaá v.dir. To move away. a-igutíé To move sth. further away. a-ɨgʉtʉ́ v.dir. 1 • To move this way, draw near. 2 • [North]

a-igutuníé

To grow a bit.

v.dir v.mid. 1 • To

bring sth. closer. 2 • [North] To move sth. back into place.

a-ɨgʉtʉmá v.mid. To squat, sit. Ɛg ́ra ɔltʉ́ŋání aɨgʉtʉmá tɛ ɛnkaló olcaní. Somebody is squatting next to the tree. Ɛɨgʉ́tʉ́mā táatá. He will squat today / He is squatting now. (W). Ɛg ́ra taá atɔ́n aɨgʉtʉmá. He was just sitting. Ɛɨgʉ́tʉ́mɛ ŋolé. He squatted yesterday. (W). Íngutumayú peê ilutóo esekenkêî. Squat so that you can go through the fence. (W).

a-ɨgʉtʉmakinó

v.dat v.mid. To

ɨsaganyá ‘To squat’.

squat against sth.

See: a-saganyá; a-

a-ɨgʉyʉgʉyaá [North] [North] To take sth. away slowly. See: aɨkʉyʉ́k ‘To drag sth.’.

a-ɨgʉyʉgʉyarí a-ií

íîp a-íj

v.dir v.mid. To

ɔɨgʉyʉgʉyári ‘Tortoise’.

move slowly.

See: l-

v.prog. To

sharpen by rubbing, as on a whetting stone or a file. Káíi ɔlálɛ́m peê epijú. I will sharpen the sword so that it becomes sharp. Káíīē ɛlɛ́ tʉŋáni ɔlálɛ́m. I will make this man sharpen the sword. Káííto ɔlpánka. I am sharpening the panga. See: en-kií ‘Sharpening stone’.

num. Nom sg: íîp. Hundred. v.prog. To

iip nabô

warm one's self, by fire or sun. Áíjíto ldámā. I'm

basking in the sun. (S). Ɛ́ ́nɔsáká ŋolé iyíóók kókóô ɛnkatiní kííjito ɛnk ́má. Grandmother narrated to us a story yesterday as we warmed ourselves at the fireplace. (Pk).

a-ɨjɨlɨl ́

v. To

drain to the last drop, completely finish a liquid. This can be said of a person finishing off a cup, or of animals finishing off the last of the water in a dam.

a-ɨj ́p [North]

v.prog. 1 • [North]

To follow, move after. Ká ́j ́p ́ta.

I am following. (S). "Kéísúpat aná áji": "anâ" ná ́jɨpɨta "kéísúpat". (In the sentence) "Kéísúpat aná áji", "(The word) "anâ" comes after "kéísúpat". (SN). See: a-sʉ́j ‘To follow’; atubaké ‘To follow’. 2 • [North] To follow from a distance. See: a-irukurukoré ‘To follow closely’.

a-ɨjɨpaá

v.dir. Variant: a-ɨjʉpaá. 1 • To

follow. 2 • [North] To be on s.o.'s trail, follow s.o. who went by hours or days ago.

a-ɨjɨpʉ́ [North] v.dir. [North] To follow after. a-ɨjɨpaá Variant: a-ujipaa. v. To follow sth. that is moving, or

stationary but ahead; (eg.tracking an animal, spying out the enemy, following s.o. who is several kilometers ahead); the follower might or might not be able to see the person/animal being followed. See: a-írúkúrúkore; a-sʉ́j; a-tubaké ‘To follow’.

a-ɨjɨrrɨj ́rr v.prog. Restrict: Liquid. To fall in drops; trickle. Ɛɨjɨrr ́j ̄rrʉ̄ ɛnkárɛ tɛ ncɔ́rrɔ̂. The water trickles from the spring. See: arukó ‘To flow’.

íjīō like.

n.r. Like.

Nɛ́j ̄ŋ ɛnk ́tɨ kɛ́ɛya naíjīō emorroójī. They were

affected by a disease that looks like "rushes". See: íjō ‘Like’.

a-ɨjɔlɔjɔ́l

v. 1 • To

overturn, turn upside down. 2 • To pour out slowly, decant. See: a-ijulujúl ‘To overturn’.

a-ijoó

swallow, consume. Etiíjóyie nkiriŋó. He swallowed the meat. (S). Tíijóí! Swallow it! (S). v.dir. To

a-ijórr v.prog. To jump; hop. Éíjórró ɔltʉ́ŋání aiŋataá ɔlásʉ́ráí. The person has jumped away from the snake. a-ijorrokí Syn: a-itíám ‘To jump; hop’. To jump to. a-ijorrjórr [North] v. [North] To walk briskly and in a carefree style; canter.

a-ijorríé [North] [North] To lead in a carefree style. íjō Variant: íjīō. Similar, like (lit: you will say). A: Kóreê Leríóŋka? B: Áíjó kéwuo Lérioŋka ɛnkají inó. A:

Where is Lerioŋka? B: It's like Lerioŋka has come to your house! [polite] (W). Context: Speaker B is somewhat surprised that speaker A has asked where Lerioŋka is, because B thought Lerioŋka was with A. Átódúaa eŋúes naáíjīō ɔlŋátúny. I saw an animal like a lion. Átóníŋo oltóíló laíjō ɛs ́ŋátá tiaúluo. I have heard a sound like a sneeze outside. Ɔlcʉ́ma taá ɛnyaálɨ mɛtáa íjīō ɛnkɨkɛ́. It is the iron bar to be chewed to make like a brush.

ne-íjō na-íjō [South] n-íjō [North] Like (feminine). a-ɨjʉjʉmá Variant: a-ɨjʉjʉmwá. v. 1 • To sit hunched up. 2 • [North]

To pretend to be able to do a lot, but not be able to.

a-ɨjʉ́k v. To pretend. a-ɨjʉkʉjʉ́k v. 1 • To release smoke. Ɛɨjʉkʉ́jʉk ɛnk ́ma. The fire releases smoke. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkáji aɨjʉkʉjʉ́k olêŋ. The house is releasing smoke. 2 • To bluff; frighten s.o. by pretending to be stronger than one really is. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aɨjʉkʉjʉ́k arɛ́p kɛwán. The man is bluffing praising himself. See: a-wuasá ‘To bluff’.

a-ɨjʉkʉmá [North]

v. [North]

ɨjʉjʉmá ‘To sit hunched up’.

To sit hunched up.

See: a-

a-ijúl v. 1 • To pour a liquid back and forth (eg. to cool it). Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí aijúl oloshoró. The child is pouring the porridge back and forth. (Pk).

rotate sth. Loípī ɔíjulo lénkishon. Shadows of life rotate. (S). 3 • To

a-ijulujúl To decant. a-ijuló [North] To move back and forth. a-ijuló v.mid. 1 • To move back and forth; oscillate. 2 • [North]

To be dizzy.

a-ijulujúl v. 1 • To pour back and forth. Ínjulujuló shái mɛ́ ́rɔpɨjá. Pour tea back and forth so that it becomes cold. 2 • [North]

To overturn, turn upside down. See: a-ɨjɨlɨl ́ ‘To drain to the last drop’.

a-ɨjʉlʉjʉ́l

v. To

turn sth. upside down from its normal position, either vertically or sloping.

a-ɨjʉlʉjʉlá v.mid. 1 • To be overturned. Óre adé peê ɛɨjʉlʉ́jʉ̄lā ɛnkɔ́lɔŋ náālōtū adɔ́l. When the sun goes to the west, I

will come to see you (ie. in the evening). (lit: When the sun is upside-down, I will come to see you.). Ɛɨjʉlʉjʉ́lɛ emóti néíbukóri ɛndáâ nátií. The pot turned upside down and the food in it poured out. change from previous situation. Ɛɨjʉlʉjʉ́latɛ ɨlɔmɔ́n moókīrē áâ ɨlaŋolé The news have changed they are no longer the ones of yesterday. 2 • To

a-ijulúl

hold upside down. Néíbuŋi áaijulul They hold it (the child) upside down. 2 • To carry the spear such that its blade is downwards and the shaft is upward. (Normally the spear is carried with the blade v. 1 • To

upward, and the shaft downward.). In S, this indicates walking with spear pointing back so that it is ready to face the enemy when it is raised over the head.

a-ijululó

bend one's back forward from the waist on down so that the buttocks are sticking out or upward. aijululó aokú ɛnkárɛ́ To bend to fetch water. See: airrúg ‘To bend forward’.

a-ijuluús

v.mid. To

be in sad moods; not happy. ɔltʉŋáni oijulúus person who is in sad moods. See: a-nʉkʉ́ ‘To be foggy; be in sad moods’.

a-ɨjʉtʉtarí a- ́k1

v. To

clear away. Ɛɨjʉ́tʉ́tárí ɨnkátampo. The clouds have cleared off. (W). See: a-jút ‘To erase, rub (off)’. v.dir v.mid. To

v itr. Restrict: food. To

become overcooked, scorched, or burned due to excessive heat so as to affect color or taste. Kɛ́ɨk amʉ̂ metíī ɛnkárɛ ná ́dɨp. It will become burned because there ́ is not enough water. Ɨŋʉrá peê mɛ́ɨk ɛndáâ. Watch so that food will not burn. Ɛ́ ́ká ɛndáâ náyīārā. The food that is cooking is burned.

a-ikíé To make food burn. See: a-ishurá ‘To get burned (of food)’. ́ a- ́k2 v.prog. Restrict: Teeth. To brush teeth. Ɨɨká ɨlálá. Brush your teeth. Kɛ́ ́ka ɨlalá. The teeth have been brushed. a-ikíé To use to brush teeth with. a- ́k3 v.prog. To put on top of; hang, suspend, esp. for safekeeping or preservation. Ɛ́ ́k olówuaru kéri inkírí tɔ lcáni. A leopard hangs meat on top of a tree. Kɛ́ ́ka. It is put away. (S). T ́ɨka tɛ m ́sâ. Put it on top of the table! (S). See: a-ililí ‘To suspend’; a-rríny ‘To put away’.

a-ikíé To use to hang sth. a-ɨká v.mid. 1 • To be suspended, hanging. Ɛɨk ́ inkikompení tɔ lk ́tara. Cups are shelved on the shelf. (lit: Cups are suspended on the shelf.). See: a- ́k ‘To suspend, hang’.

2 • To

be aloof; haughty, arrogantly superior, puffed up, proud; disdainful; flirtatious. Kɛ́ ́ka ɔlmʉrraní tɛnɛ́ ́shɔrɨ ɛndáa tenétií inkítuaak. A warrior will appear flirtatious when he is given food in the presence of women. (lit: A warrior is suspended when he is given food in the presence of women.). ɔltʉŋáni ɔ ́ka person who is aloof, haughty. See: a-dɛɛnyá ‘To be proud’; a-ɨtɔkɔɔ́s ‘To show off; flirt’; a-ŋɨdá ‘To be proud’; aɨpɛɛjá ‘To be suspended; puffed up’; a-ɨtaakunó ‘To pretend’.

a-ɨkaabak ́ v. To temporarily and loosely put a cover on top of sth. aɨkaabak ́ esíoote oltúpa To close the bottle loosely. Ɛg ́ra aɨkaabak ́ ɛnkɨlâ osésen. He is loosely covering himself with a cloth.

a-ikaakinó

v.mid. To

See: a-iteleikí ‘To

put on top of’.

fail to take care of a responsibility out of mutual belief that another member of the group would take care of it. Néíkaakínō ɨnkɛ́ra. The children each expected the other to do the job and so altogether the job was not done. (W). Even if a sentence with this verb has a singular subject, it is still understood that there was another party who likewise expected the singular referent to do the job and so that party did not carry it out either. Note: kk (W) does not recognize any other possible root inside the word.

a-ɨkabak ́ v. To go up to a slightly raised surface. Káyieu ná ́kábāk ̄ ɛncʉ́mátá ɛ́ m ́sa peê márɔ́rɔ oltírén. I

want to go up to the top of the table so that I will not step on the floor. See: a-kéd ‘To climb’.

a-ɨkác [North]

v. 1 • [North]

To feel better. 2 • [North] To be an improvement on sth. else. See: a-ɨkásh ‘To be better’.

a-ɨkacú [North] a-ɨkadɛdɛ́ [North]

v.incep. [North] v. 1 • [North]

To improve, fel better.

To sit or stand on a prominent raised place (esp. to show off). 2 • [North] To be precarious, tippy, blanaced on the edge.

a-ɨkadɨkád

v. To

walk slowly and carefully; walk ostentatiously. This is done by raising up one leg at a time and waiting for a few seconds before steping on the ground. This manner of walking is done by a bride, a boastful person, or a person walking in water. See: a-ɨpɛɛjarí ‘To walk ostentatiously’; a-ló ‘To go’.

a-ɨkanyɨkány v. To break into pieces; smash. Ɛɨkany ́kānyā ɛnkáyíóní oltupá té síarɛ̂. The boy has smashed the bottle with a club.

a-ɨkaŋá

v.mid. 1 • To

have a nap, sleep for a short period; take a siesta, doze. Ɛɨkáŋɛ Tom dáma. Tom took a nap during the day. be stiff, not moving or operating freely. Ɛɨkáŋɛ ɛnkaɨná ɔ́ ltásat The hand of the old man has become stiff (not moving freely). 2 • To

a-ɨkaól

v. To

make stiff, resistant to bending or moving. This could be done in multiple ways - whithering, drying, freezing, etc. Parts of the body can become stiff because of cold or blood restriction. Ág ́ra aɨkaól ɔlcɔní aitoósh ɛnkɔlɔ́ŋ. I am making the hide stiff by exposing it to the sun.

a-ɨkaoló v.mid. To become stiff, rigid. Áaɨkaolóte ilkímojik tɛ nkárak ́ enkijápɛ. My fingers became stiff because of cold.

a-ɨkár1 Variant: a-ɨkárr. v. 1 • To fence in. ́yaʉ́ ɨnk ́kárrɛta má ́kará ɔlpááshíé. Bring the fencing branches so that we can fence (the kraal). (Pk). Kɛ́ ́kára wuatá. The fences are strong. (S). 2 • [North] To uproot. See: ɛn-k ́kárrɛ́t ‘Fence’.

a-ɨkár [North]2 2 • [North]

v. 1 • To

pretend. Kéíkar. He is pretending. (S).

To boast or belittle verbally.

a-ɨkaráŋ [North] v. [North] To fry. Borrowed word: Swahili. a-ɨkarɛrɛ́ v. To be on an edge (eg. of a cliff).

a-ɨkarniasarɛ́ [North] v. [North] To criticize s.o. a-ɨkarurúm v. To reduce into small pieces in the mouth with a crunching noise; crunch. Ɛɨkarúrumo oldîâ ilóik The dog has crunched the bones inside the mouth. crunch’; a-kakány ‘To grind’.

See: a-ikururúm ‘To

a-ɨkarrárr v. To fence well. See: a-ɨkár ‘To fence’. a-ikasíé v. To be proud of. Káíkásie ilmóŋí láainéí. I am proud of my oxen.

Syn: a-ŋɨdarɛ́

‘To be proud of’.

a-ɨkásh v.s. To be comparable but better. náa kɛ́ ́kash apá n ́ncɛ, ɛɨtʉ́ ɛyɛ́ lɛlɔ̂ ...were better themselves, those ones did not die... Áaɨkásh engárrî. My car is better (but about the same as yours). Kɛ́ ́kash nk ́tɛ́ŋ láshê. The cow's calf is better (than sth. else). Kɛ́ ́kash nk ́tɛ́ŋ aláŋ lashê. The cow is better than the calf. (S).

́kátá [North] up.

See: a-

[North] Nom sg: ɨkatá. n.sg n.f. [North]

́k ‘To hang’.

Hanging, putting

give birth for the first time. Ɛ́ ̄kawua ɛntawúó. My heifer has calved for the first time. (Pk). Ɛɨkáwūā ŋolé esíánkiki aíú ɔlkɨkáʉ́ lɛnyɛ́. The young bride gave birth yesterday to her first born boy. (Pk). Usage: For some speakers, this verb is most appropriate for animals.. See: ɛn-kɨkáʉ́ ‘Firstborn daughter’; ɔl-kɨkáʉ́ ‘First-born son’.

a-ɨkáʉ́

v. To

a-ikedianyɛ́

be left-handed. (K)éíkēdīānyɛ̄ (n ́nyɛ). He is left-handed. See: kédíányɛ́ ‘Left-hand side’; a-mʉrtɛná ‘To be left-handed as opposed to (expected) right handed’.

a-ikén

v. 1 • To

a-ɨkɛ́n

v. 1 • To

v.s. To

close, shut, lock, turn off. a-iken is extremely general in meaning, and can be applied to closing a door, suitcase, one's mouth, eyes, a window, a book, a bottle, etc. However, it is not used for closing a gourd with a lid or cap. 2 • To bring to a conclusion.

enumerate; count. Ɛɨkɛnákɨ apá ɨltʉ́ŋánákárêî

tɛldɛ́ árî. The populace was counted (ie. a census was taken) ́ last year. Ɨnkɛnɨshɔ siî íyīē téjo "nabô, aré, uní" ɔɔ́ntabáí îp. Do the counting saying "one, two, three" up to one hundred. aɨkɛ́n ɨntarɛ́ tɛnáa kɛ́lʉlʉ́ŋa to count the

sheep (to determine) if they are all there. Sheep and cows are not counted as 1, 2, 3 and so on within Maasai culture. It is considered to bring bad fortune. A person will just look at them and approximate their numbers or know the ones that are missing. 2 • To consider or assume sth. (eg. that a cow will be given, to count it as one's own, though it has only been promised). 3 • To calculate. See: ɛn-k ́kɛ́narɛ ‘Counting, accounting’.

ɛnk-ɨkɛná n. Counting, mathematics. Ɛg ́ra ɔlaɨtɛŋɛ́nani aɨtɛŋɛ́n ɨnkɛ́ra ɛnkɨkɛná. The teacher is teaching children mathematics. (Pk). See: ɛn-k ́kɛ́nátá ‘Counting’.

ɛnk- ́kɛ́nátá n. Counting. See: a-ɨkɛ́n ‘To count’. a-ɨkɛnʉ́ v. 1 • To multiply. 2 • To

take account of, consider to be of important to oneself, care about. See: a-ɨkɛ́n ‘To count’.

a-ikenyú [North]

To dawn. 2 • [North] To be the next day.

a-ɨkɛrɛɛ́k

v. 1 • [North]

See: a-kɛnyʉ́ ‘To

dawn’.

be dirty. 2 • To do what is considered socially unacceptable. See: kɛ́rɛ́rɛ̂ ‘Dirty, unclean’.

a-ɨkɛ́s a-ikí

v. 1 • To

harvest. Á ́kɛ́s ́ta ɛ́mʉ́kʉ́ntâ. I am harvesting the garden. (Pk). Á ́kɛ́s ́ta ɨlpáɛ̂k. I am harvesting the corn. (Pk). v.prog. To

In some suffixed forms: -ikin. v. 1 • To

copulate, mate, perform the act of sexual procreation between a male and a female, whether human or non-human. In this sense, the receipient is the female so the male is doing for/to. peê iló ayiolóú ɔlmʉ́rráni eneikínye enkitók ɛnyɛ́ so that you may understand, where the warrior mates with his wife.

produce offspring for/ unto. Áatoikitîô inkíshu áainéí ɨlashɔ́ kúmok. My cows produced many calves for me. 2 • To

3 • To

give birth at. aikí sipitáli To give birth at hospital.

a-ikinó v.mid. To be born in (a place). Káíkínō Kenya, káke mára ɛ́nɛ̂ Kenya. I was born in Kenya, but I am not

ɨkɨ-

Kenyan. 2 • To have the identity associated with (a place); "come from". Káíkínō ɛná kɔ̂p. I am a son/daughter of this land; I have the identity and rights associated with this land. (lit: I am born unto this land.). See: a-íú ‘To give birth’; a-ishó ‘To bear’; a-iní ‘To be born’.

pn.b. 1 • Bound

pronominal prefix on verb: first person plural ́ ́ndipâ áataramat sîôm. subject and third person object. Ɨk We have finished taking care of the animals. (SN). 2 • Bound proniminal prefix on relative clause: first person plural subject and third person object. Éítuani taá dúóó táatá imbáâ ámaâ kinotô pɔɔk ́ tóki nikíyíéú. Things are beautiful today since we have gotten all that we wanted. (Pk). Néjo: "óre taá enikinkô..." They said: "What we are going to do...".

-ɨkɨ(n)

appl. Dative

applicative form, lexically restricted to certain roots. Nɛ́yɛnɨk ́ ɔlcaní. He tied it to the tree. See: akɨ(n) ‘Dative applicative’.

a-ɨk ́j [Chamus]

v. [Chamus]

To shake. See: a-ipirripír; aɨŋʉnʉŋʉ́n; a-igusugusíé; a-iseyiseyíé; a-inyenyíé; a-ɨpɔ́sh ‘To shake’.

a-ikilésh v. To pray. See: a-omón ‘To pray’. a-ikilikúán [Chamus]: a-ikilikwán. v. To ask. Ɔltáʉ́ láí doí oshî ɨlɔ̂ tʉ́ŋání; maáta entóki náás ɛ́ ́tʉ̂ aikilíkuan anáa al ́kɨ. That person is very important to me; I don't do anything

without consulting or informing him. Eikilikúánūā náají ɔlpáyian lɛ́nda ají ɛntɔ́mɔ́nɔ́nɨ ɛ́ ínâ ají. [éína] The man of that house has asked for the woman of that house.

a-ikilikuanishó To make inquiries. See: a-ɨpárr ‘To ask’. a-ikinyé [South] v. [South] To have sex ? peê iló ayiolóú ɔlmʉ́rráni eneikínye enkitók ɛnyɛ́ so that you may understand, where the warrior mates with his wife.

ɛ- ́kɨŋa

s.o. else; foreignness, strangeness, alienness; other. Tórrinyo ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ ɛ ́kɨŋa. Take back the cow that belongs to s.o. else. (W). Tórrinyo oloiŋóni lɛ ́kɨŋa. Take back the bull that belongs to s.o. else. (W). Ɛt́ ʉ́sʉ́lákíne enkíne ɛ́ɨk ́ŋá oreyíét. S.o.' else's goat has fallen into the river. (W). Mol (1996:70) notes that this is not as strongly pejorative as ol-méékí. See: a-ɨkɨŋaá ‘To scorn’; olméékí ‘Foreigner’.

a-ɨkɨŋaá

n. Usage: pejorative. Of

v. To

scorn, frown upon, have contempt for. ́kɨŋa ‘Foreignness’.

See: ɛ-

a-ɨkɨrɨkɨrá v.mid. 1 • To shake, shiver; tremble. Nɛ́ ́kɨr ́k ́rá ɛnkɔ̂p olêŋ o mɛtáa kéjó enkáji áúróri. The earth shook very

much until the house is about to fall. A human can do this either from sickness or by a warrior to look impressive before women or enemies. 2 • [North] To quake (earthquake).

a-ikirnyanyá v. To pull against an opposing force; resist; struggle. aikirnyanyá aány entorróni to struggle to refuse evil. Ɛg ́ra ɔltásât aikirnyanyá akéd oldóínyó. The old man is struggling to climb up the hill/mountain. kírnyanyî ‘Tendon’.

See: ɛn-

a-ɨkɨrɔtɛ́t v. To favour; bestow a privilege upon. Á ́k ́rɔ́tɛ̄tā aɨshɔ́ pɔɔk ́ tókî nayíéú. I favoured him by giving him whatever he needs.

See: kɨrɔtɛ́t ‘Favourite’.

a-ikishiaán v. To be in proper physical condition; beautiful; pretty. Kéíkishíaan ɛná gárrî. This car is good (i.e in good condition). Kéíkishíaan ɛlɛ́ tʉ́ŋání. This person is pretty. Syn: a-rá

sídáí ‘To be good; pretty’.

See: ɛn-k

́tágata ‘Shelter’.

a-ɨkɨtagát v. To be a sheltered place protected from the rain, wind, sun. Kɛ́ ́kɨtágat ené. This place is a good sheltered place. a-ɨkɨtalán

secretly survey, observe keenly, inquire. á ́k ́tálani ‘Surveyor; spy’; a-leén ‘To survey’.

a-ikitikít a-ikó

v.prog. To

tickle. 2 • To shiver. See: a-kít ‘To scrape’; en-kítíkití ‘Armpit’.

See: ɔl-

v. 1 • To

In some suffixed forms: a-ɨkʉ́n,

a-ikón. [North]: a-ɨkɔ́. v.prog. 1 • To do sth. or behave towards sth. in a certain way. Eikó néíjia ɛrányátá. She will do the singing like that. Kɛ́rāny eikó néíjia. She will sing like that. Káaikó olŋatúny néíjia. The lion will do that to me (eg. attack me). Néíjia áaikó olŋatúny ɛárátá. That is how the lion will kill me. Eikoní injí. This is how it is (usually) done. Míkīnkō (néíjia)! Don't do it (that) to me! Káji áíkó ɛnâ alámu. What am I going to do with this pen? Maitóki á ́kátá aikó injí mɛtáā tɔ́nyɔ̄rrā kʉná kíshú ánāā ɛnáányɔ́r. I will never do that to you again, so love these cows like how I love you. Néjo, óre taá enikinkô amʉ̂ kɛ́ār doí iyíóók ɛlɛ́ tʉ́ŋání, má ́sɨká. They said, "What we are going to do, because this man is going to kill us, let's run away. Káíkó injí atɔ́n enkiní peyíê alotú. I am going to sit down/stay for a little bit, and then I'll come. Ɛ́ ́kʉ́ná néjia. He did like that. Kárá oláasani linó káke k ́nkʉn ́ta ánaa ɔrr ́ndɨk. I am your worker, but you treat me like a slave. aɨkʉnaá néíjia (i) to do (give, spread, etc.) away like that (ii) to keep on doing like that (to s.o.). aɨkʉnak ́ néíjia to give to

him/her like that; do for, do to like that. áaɨkʉnakino néíjia to give it to each other like that; do to each other. aɨkʉnʉ́ʉ́ néíjia to do like that (while) moving towards the point of reference; come like that. aɨkʉnarí néíjia to do like that while moving away from the point of reference; go like that. Ínkunie néíjia! Use it to do like that! Ínkunuunyíé! Do like that with it while moving this way! Káji eikó ɔltʉ́ŋání peê ɛaparɛ́ ɛnkáí? How can a man wrestle with God? (W). Ɔláŋéní aké óyíóló ɛnaikoní tɛnɛ́ ́tɔbɨr ́ ɛnkáŋ natasakutóki. It is only the wiseman who knows how to undo a curse lodged at a certain home. (Pk). Á ́bʉ́ŋa eneikoní tɛ néréwí ɛngárrɨ tɛ siadí. I have discovered ́ kʉna néíjia. Do it like how to drive a car in reverse. (W). Ɛn that! (to multiple addressees) (Pk). cause; make s.o. do sth. Ká ́kʉ́n ́ta mɛtɔ́lɔpɨshɔ táatá. I am causing him to vomit (directly or indirectly). 2 • To

a-ikó ajá To do what. a-ikununó v.mid. To be like. Óre ɛlɛ̂ kérr ojî olkípókét náa injí eikunúnō eyiaŋatá. And this is what the slaughter

íkó

of this castrated ram called the cleanser will be like. See: ́nkʉna; ɛ́nkunā ‘Do like!’; inkó! ‘Take it! (Imperative)’; a-ás; a-ɨtɔb ́r ‘To do’.

greeting. Greeting

response from a woman. See: takúɛ́nya ‘Greeting to a woman’; ɛ́pa ‘Greeting response from a man’; sʉ́pa ‘Hello’.

a-ikób [North]: a-ikúb. v.prog. 1 • To block, bar from proceeding. Áaikobó ɛsʉ́ntai amitikí aló. The wall blocked me from proceeding.

hit lightly. Áaikobó osoít ɛnkɛjʉ́ alóíto The stone has hit my foot while I was walking. 2 • To

a-ikobikób To walk fast and sometimes run slowly; jog. a-ikobíé To hit with.

a-ikobishó To hurt. a-ikobukób [North]

v. [North]

He trotted along. (S).

a-ikód1

To trot along. Kéíkobúkobo.

adorn, decorate, embellish. Éíkod. She will adorn (sth.). Keikódo nkéra. The children are being decorated. (S). 2 • [North] To compliment. 3 • [North] To praise s.o. based on false information. v. 1 • To

a-ikodó [North] v.mid. [North] To be decorated. a-ikód [North] v. [North] To smack s.o. a little bit, tap lightly. a-ikodukód [North] [North] To tap a few times. a-ikodóny v. To hit by head. See: a-ikól ‘To hit slightly’. a-ikók v. 1 • To advise or counsel about how to live the right way or do things in a wise way, by s.o. who has more knowledge or experience, with the intention that the addressee will act or change behavior; exhort. Éíkok. He will advise. Syn: a-igúɛ́n ‘To advise, counsel’. See: a-ɨtɛŋɛ́n ‘To instruct, educate’; aɨtaarriyíán ‘To instruct’. 2 • [North] To bump a wound, thereby causing more pain. Ikinkóko. You have disturbed the place I am injured. (S).

a-ikól v. To hit slightly with no intention of injuring. aikól ɛnkɛ́ráí naitarrúóyie To hit slightly a child that has erred. See: a-ikób ‘To

hit, tap’; a-ósh ‘To hit (with an intention to cause pain or injury)’; a-ilúg ‘To hit with force to injure’.

a-ikolikól To hit repeatedly. a-ikolikolorí To roll over and over away, tumble away. a-ɨkɔ́ny v. 1 • To seize without permission; take by force; rob. See: aúáp; a-ɨbʉ́ŋ; a-simaá ‘To seize’. 2 • To rape. Usage: vulgar. See: a-rɛ́k; a-batát ‘To rape’.

a-ɨkɔnyaá v.dir. To seize, take by use of strength. a-ɨkɔnyaá v. To seize, take by use of strength.

a-ɨkɔ́p

v. 1 • To

2 • To

touch.

hit. 3 • To hurt. See: ɔl-ɔ́ ́kɔ́paní ‘Murderer’.

a-ikordód v. To mock, make fun of, jeer at. a-ɨkɔrmɔ́j v. To gather together in large numbers; crowd; congest. M ́nkɔ́rmɔj ilkuóó te wúéjî nébo amʉ̂ kégóro. Don't gather lambs together in one place in large numbers because they will strangle each other.

a-ɨkɔrmɔjá

‘To crowd; gather together in large numbers’. To squeeze oneself into an already crowded place.

a-ɨkɔrɔ́j

Syn: a-idiŋíé

v. To

harass s.o. playfully or maliciously (especially by pretending not to know what you already know); tease. Ág ́ra aɨkɔrɔ́j ɨnkayîôk. I am teasing boys by asking them what I already know. See: a-ɨtamaá ́ ‘To ask what you already know’.

a-ikorríé v. To touch slightly. Mínkórrie embúku amʉ̂ kɛ́sʉlári. Don't touch the book [even] slightly because it will fall down.

Syn: a-iseyíé

‘To touch slightly’.

a-ikorrikorroó v.away. To roll away. Ág ́ra aikorrikorroó osóít amʉ̂ má ́dɨm atanápa. I am rolling away the stone because I cannot carry it.

a-ikorrikorrú a-ɨkʉ́

Syn: a-ibeleleŋoó

the point of reference.

‘To roll away’. To roll towards

In some suffixed forms: ɨkʉn. v. Allomorph

of a-iko(n) 'to do' which occurs with -ATR suffixes. When not suffixed or when with a +ATR suffix, a-ikó(n) or a-ikú(n) occur. Nɛ́ākʉ̄ néíjia ɛɨkʉnár ̄ siî ɔltʉ́ŋání ... So that is what is done to a person ... Pápâ ɔɨkʉná injí iyíóók. It is our father who has done this to us. Injí taá ɛ́nkunari amʉ̂ ́náŋárɛ́rɛ. Go this way because you will meet them coming. (lit: Do this/do like this.) (Pk). See: a-ikó ‘To do’; ɛ-nɛɨkʉnári ‘Instructions’.

a-ikúb [North] v. [North] To hit or bump. See: a-ikób ‘To hit, tap’. a-ikububó v. 1 • [North] To sleep for a short time; nap. 2 • To

crouch down, squat, kneel. See: a-ikurrurró ‘To be halfasleep ??’.

a-ikuldú

question thoroughly with the intention of learning what is hidden; probe; inquire more. In most cases the probing person has prior knowledge or a clue of what is hidden from him/her and will try to ask more. Ínkuldú míkítólíkīnī ɛnɛɨkʉnári empurrórre Probe further to be told how the theft was conducted.

a-ɨkʉlʉjá

v. To

v.mid. To

sit with the limbs close to the body. This happens when it's cold to keep the body warm. Kág ́ra aɨkʉlʉjá amʉ̂ áaɨnɔsá enkíjapɛ. I am sitting with the limbs close to the body because I am cold.

a-ikúm v. 1 • To ram into sth. Tápaashare ́nâ k ́tɛ́ŋ oó leleoní míkinkum. Avoid that circularly-spotted cow so it doesn't ram you. See: a-ósh ‘To hit’; a-náŋ ‘To hit’; a-ɨpɔ́ny ‘To hit’; ailúg ‘To hit’. 2 • [North] To incite, goad, provoke s.o. to do sth. together. 3 • [North] To judge, decide between people.

a-ikumokí [North] v.dat. [North] To stamp on sth. a-ikumoó v.dir. To incite s.o. to do sth. (on their own). a-ikumú v. To judge. See: a-igúén; a-r ́sh ‘To judge’; ɔláíkúmúnoni ‘Judge’.

a-ɨkʉnaá

v.dir. To

do sth. or behave towards sth. in a certain way going away from the point of reference. See: a-ɨkʉ́; a-ikó ‘To do’.

a-ɨkʉnarí To go in a certain way. Káji k ́nkʉnári? How do we go?

a-ikununó v.dir v.mid. To resemble, be like; be in the form of. Káji eikunúno? How is it like? Eríkúnotó ɔ́ lpayíán é

nkitók, káji eikunúnō? The marriage of a man to a woman, what is it like?

See: a-ikó ‘To

do like’.

a-ɨkʉrj ́j [North]

v. [North]

[North] ‘To tear’.

To shred, tear up.

See: a-k

́j

a-ɨkʉrjʉkʉ́rj v.prog. 1 • To try to do sth. but lack the skills to do so. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí aɨkʉrjʉkʉ́rj oróréí. The child is trying to

talk but cannot communicate. 2 • To destroy while trying to build. See: a-dɛdɛ́ ‘To disassemble’.

a-ikurtumorí

v.dir v.mid. To

limp; walk impeded by some physical

injury or limitation. Káíkúrtúmóri aló áŋ hóō dúóó nɛ́má ́d ́mārī olêŋ. I will limp to home although I am not able to walk properly.

a-ikurtút

v. 1 • To

make s.o. live with difficulty for a long time. This is mostly done by sickness or any kind of disability. 2 • To drag. 3 • [North] To rub.

a-ikurtutó This could last for years, and the person will probably remain this way until death.To be sick for a long period without healing; manage to live with difficulty.

a-ikurtutarí [North] To crawl. a-ɨkʉrtʉ́t v. 1 • To scrape; cut the surface of; wear away the surface of. Átábátátɛ náɨkʉrtʉ́t ɛnkɔ̂p ɛnká ́ná. I fell down and the earth scraped my hand.

drag. Ɛg ́ra osíkíria aɨkʉrtʉtaá inkɨkʉ́. The donkey is dragging tree branches for fencing. (Pk). See: a-kúrt ‘To stir, scoop’. 2 • To

a-ɨkʉrtʉtaá To drag or pull sth. hard across a surface. a-ɨkʉrtʉtá v.mid. To be scraped. a-ɨkʉrtʉtarí To creep, crawl. a-ikurtutíé To drag with. See: a-yíét ‘To pull’. a-ɨkʉrtʉtarí v.dir v.mid. To crawl, creep. a-ikururúm Variant: a-ikarurúm. v.prog. To crunch with mouth.

a-ikururumoó v.away. To roll away. Ɛg ́ra ɔltɔmɛ́ aikururumoó osóít. The elephant is rolling the stone away. Syn: a-ikorrikorroó

direction’.

‘To roll away’. See: a-ikururumú ‘To roll this

a-ikururumorí v.dir v.mid. To roll down. Eikururumóri ɛnk ́tɛŋ tɔ ldoinyó The cow has rolled away from the hill (i.e the cow fell down and then rolled down the hill). See: a-ikururumoó ‘To roll away’.

a-ikururumú

roll this direction. Ínkururumú osóít. Roll the stone this direction. Syn: a-ɨpɛrɨpɛrʉ́ ‘To roll this direction’. See: a-ikururumoó ‘To roll away’. v. To

a-ikurrukúrr v. 1 • To growl, rumble, roar. Ɛg ́ra olówuaru aikurrukúrr. The lion is roaring. 2 • To thunder roll. Kéíkurrukurrúto. It is thundering. (S). This can be done by a storm, a lion, or a machine (like one that grinds maize), but not by a person. See: a-dár ‘To thunderclap’.

enk-íkúrrúkurr n. Thunder. Óre peê énîŋ enkíkúrrúkurr, néjo, "Eikurrúkūrrō ɛnkaí." So when they hear thunder, they say, "God has thundered.".

a-ikurrurró

be half-asleep. ɔltʉŋáni oikurrúrro person who is half-asleep. 2 • To be still, without change or interruption. 3 • To bend with legs and hands folded. See: a-ikububó ‘To sleep for a short time; nap’.

a-ikuuishó

v. 1 • To

v. To

blow a horn alerting people of danger or calling other men to help in time of danger. See: a-ipotishó ‘To call people’.

a-ɨkʉyʉ́k v. To drag sth. a-ɨkʉyʉkʉyaá [North]: a-ɨgʉyʉgʉyaá. v.dir. To take sth. away slowly. Ɛɨkʉyʉkʉyáyie ɛnkɛráí emotí ayá atúa ají. The child has taken the pot away slowly into the house.

See: a-

ɨgʉyʉgʉyaá [North] ‘To take sth. slowly’.

a-ɨkʉyʉkʉyʉ́ To bring slowly. a-ɨkʉyʉkʉyarí v.dir v.mid. Syn: a-looló ‘To go slowly’. To go slowly because of a weakness of some kind. ɔɨgʉyʉgʉyári ‘Tortoise’.

a-ikuyishó [North] ɨl-

See: l-

v. [North]

To call for help; call people who have gone looking for lost cows after the cows are found. See: aipót ‘To call’.

Variant: ɨr-. gen. Masculine

plural gender prefix occurring on nouns. ɨlkɨdɔŋɔ́ lɔɔ́ isirkôn donkies' tails. Tɔrrɔ́k ɨlmáárenke. Lies are bad. (W). irpaáshen fences (Pk).

ɨláal [North] pl:

́laal. [North] Acc pl: ɨlaalí. [North] Nom ́laalí. n.f. [North] Mat about 2 metres long made of sticks. [North] Nom sg:

a-ɨláb v.prog. 1 • To take up food with the tongue; lap. Éílab empúūs ɛnkárɛ́. A cat drinks water (by taking it with the

tongue). 2 • To eat with the tongue which is considered indecent. Restrict: human. aɨláb ɛndââ To eat food indecently.

a-ɨlabɨláb To eat or drink with the tongue repeatedly. a-ɨlác [North] v. [North] To show off by dress or behavior; put on airs.

See: a-ɨlásh ‘To

a-ɨlág [North] a-ɨlál

be arrogant’.

v. [North]

To retch. See: a-rrʉgʉmá; a-gʉrrʉmá ‘To vomit’; a-lɔ́p ‘To induce vomiting, esp. by herbal drugs’; aɨny ́g ‘To have dry heaves’. v. 1 • To

show off. See: a-itoduayá ‘show off’. 2 • [North] To stand back from sth. out of fear or danger.

a-ɨlalaá To avenge. a-ilalankúsh [North]: a-ilankúsh. v. To bluff. Note: See synonyms at See: a-purú ‘To

a-ɨlány

v. 1 • To

bluff’.

flee; run away from, with the implication that s.o.

else is in chase; outrun. Nɛ́ŋas ɛnkáŋ aɨlanyaá. The home took off (went running away) first. Nékuɛt aké ɛnkáji, nɛ́ ́lanyáā. The house just ran and outdistanced him. Áailanyáyie ɛngárrî. The car outdistanced me. See usage note at a-kúɛ́t. See: a-kúɛ́t ‘To run’; a-ɨŋát ‘To run away from’; aɨs ́k ‘To escape from’. 2 • To win, defeat s.o., overtake.

a-ɨláŋ

v. 1 • To

scorch. 2 • To shine; flash light (of a torch, lamp, etc.).

a-ɨlaŋɨláŋ

1 • To

flash light to sth., light up, illuminate. 2 • To warm or heat sth.

a-ɨláp v. To bear a grudge against. See: a-ɨbá ‘To hate’. a-ɨlasɨlás v.prog. 1 • To talk a lot. 2 • To

flow freely, in a stream or river bed. Restrict: water. See: arukó ‘To flow’.

a-ɨlasɨlasíé To drink water hurriedly. a-ɨlásh v. To show pride, be arrogant. Ítópóŋóri olêŋ ayám nkitók na ́lash. You have gone wrong by marrying a proud wife. (SN). See: ɛn-kɨlashá ‘Pride’; a-r ́ny ‘To talk proudly’; aŋɨdá ‘To be proud’.

a-ɨlashɨlásh To speak harshly and cruelly. ɛ- ́látá Nom sg: ɛ-ɨlatá. Acc pl: ɨ-ɨlá. Nom pl: ɨ-ɨlá. [North] Acc sg: látá. [South] Acc sg: ɨlátá. n. 1 • Fat, drippings, oil. Kɛ́áta inkirí náapir ɛ ́látá. Fat-meat has got fat in it. Ɛg ́rá ́ áayieru ɛ ́látá. Fat is being made from meat (by cooking the meat). ɛ ́látá ɔ́ ltáa ɨlɛ́

paraffin. See: a-ɛ́l ‘To annoint, smearl with fat’. 2 • Vehicle fuel, petrol.

pn.psr. Masculine

plural gender prefix plus feminine singular possessor particle: those of (a feminine singular entity). Kɛ́ ́tɛ́rʉ apá áakʉ ɨlɛ̂ kampuaní ɔ ɔ́lmoruak. They

begin to become those of the company of the elders. See: ɨl- ‘Masculine plural gender prefix’; ɛ́ ‘Feminine singular possessor particle’.

́lɛ̂ [North] Acc sg: ílê. num. Six. a-ɨlɛjɨlɛ́j v. 1 • To comfort, console (by words or touch); soothe. One would do this to s.o. who is bereaved and mourning; a mother would do this to a crying child. aɨlɛjɨlɛ́j ɛnkɛ́ráí mɛt ́gɨrayú To comfort a child so that she stops crying.

appease. aɨlɛjɨlɛ́j ɔlpayíán m ́k ́tápál ̄k ̄ To appease the man to forgive you. 2 • To

a-ɨlɛlɛ́m

v.prog. To

talk insincerely with a lot of good words, but with hidden motives. Á ́lɛ́lɛ́m ́ta. I'm talking good to this person, but inside I'm insincere.

a-ɨlɛ́m v. To demand. a-ɨlɛmɨlɛ́m [North]

To talk a lot, talk loudly, shout a lot, make noise. Ká ́lɛ́m ́lɛ́m ́ta. I'm making noise. (S). See: a-ɨlɛmlɛ́m ‘To make noise by talking’; a-ɨlɛpɨlɛ́p ‘To talk a lot’; a-búák ‘To shout’. 2 • To complain. 3 • To whisper.

a-ɨlɛmlɛ́m

v.prog. 1 • [North]

v. To

make noise by talking. See: a-ɨlɛmɨlɛ́m [North] ‘To make noise by talking’; a-búák ‘To shout, bark’.

a-ɨlɛ́ny v. To bend, crush, bruise, break. a-ɨlɛnyá To be bent. a-ɨlɛ́p [North]: a-ɨl ́ɛ́p. v.prog. 1 • To climb, ascend, rise. Ɛ́ ́lɛp. He will ascend. Ɛɨlɛp ́ta. He is going up. Ɛɨlɛ́p ́ta. He is going up. 2 • To

advance, move to a level of higher rank within a system. Éírúkó ɔlá ́tɛ́ŋɛ́nání peê ɛɨlɛ́p ɛnkɛráí. The teacher has permitted the child to go to the next class. (Pk). 3 • To turn in a horizontal direction which is metaphorically conceptualized as "up". Óre aké peê ɨbá ́kɨ ɛndâ jɔ́ɔĺ ata

n ́lɛp. When you reach that turning point, go up. (Pk). In K this could be used for going to Ethiopia from Kenya. 4 • To become more popular, influential (eg. become an influential eloquent orator). Ɛɨlɛp ́ta ɔlpáyian. The man is becoming a big man. (ie. becoming more important, not necessarily more wealthy).

a-ɨlɛpʉ́

move up, rise. Eilépūā ewúásô. The river has risen. Eilépūā ɛnkɔ́lɔŋ. The sun has come up. Eitérūā awaŋú amʉ̂ eilépūā ɛnkɔ́lɔŋ. It is getting light because the sun has risen. (Pk). Kɛ́ ́lɛpʉlɛ́pʉ. It will come up over and over. 1 • To

́ grow, get larger. Ɨntɛr taá aké adɔ́l nɛ́ ́lɛpʉ ɛndâp ɛ́ nká ́ná. You begin to see the palm of the hand (observably) increase (in size). 2 • Increase,

a-ilepíé

1 • To

hoist, lift. 2 • To exalt.

a-ilepúnye

‘To descend’. To lift. See: a-rrapʉ́; adʉmʉ́ ‘To lift’; a-doyíó ‘To go down, east’.

a-ɨlɛpɨlɛ́p

Ant: a-dóú

v.prog. 1 • To

talk a lot, make noise, shout. This need not be a long-term property. 2 • To go up little by little.

a-ɨlɛmɨlɛ́m a-ileshileshíé

a-ilét

say things that the addressee is anticipated to like, with the ulterior motive that he/she will be more favorably inclined towards you. This may include verbally "buttering him/her up", praise, flattery, jokes, expressing political opinions that the addressee agrees with, etc. Syn: a-ɨtɨsh ́p ‘To make s.o. happy’. v. 1 • To

v. To

show wonder or surprise; exclaim in praise, horror, amazement, fear. 2 • To discuss, deliberate.

a-ilíáŋ v.prog. 1 • To dangle; hang freely, loll. Kéílíáŋa inkíyiaá ánaa inóldia. The ears are dangling like those of a dog. 2 • [North]

To chop nearly off so that one part hangs loosely, by

a thread. 3 • To criss-cross; move along a trajectory or pattern of crossing lines.

a-iliaŋá v.mid. To have zigzag patterns. a-iliaŋilíáŋ 1 • To keep on dangling. 2 • To

keep on criss-crossing.

a-ilíár v. To make sth. lose freshness, vigor, or vitality. Eiliar ́ta ɛnkɔ́lɔŋ ɨntapʉ́ka. The sun is wilting flowers. a-iliará v.mid. To be wilted. a-ɨlatíán [North] v. [North] To be a neighbor to s.o. ́ a-ɨlɨbɨl ́b v.s. To be wet, saturated, drenched. Ɨncɔɔ ɛlɛ̂ tásháláí ɔtasháíkīā nɛ́ákʉ́ kɛ́ ́l ́b ́lɨb ɛnɛɛ́yɨm. Let this lazy one who was rained on and became wet pass. (litː Let this wet one who was rained on earlier and became wet pass.) (Pk). Kɛ́ ́lɨb ́lɨb nk ́lâ. [kéylɪ ̀bɪ ́lɪ ̀b] The cloth is wet. (S). See: ashál ‘To be wet’; a-irebúk ‘To be wet’.

a-ilibilibíé [North] To saturate sth. a-ilibilibú [North] To become saturated. a-ilíc [North] v. [North] To be drowsy. See: a-yiasá ‘To doze off’. a-ɨl ́ɛ́p [North] v. [North] To climb, ascend. See: a-ɨlɛ́p ‘To climb, ascend’.

a-ɨlɨ ́l v. To be bright, shine. a-ɨlɨɨlaá v.dir. 1 • To become dim or less bright. Ɛɨlɨɨláa ɛnkɔ́lɔŋ. Sunlight will diminish. (ie. The sun will set down.). Ɛg ́ra ɔltɔ́ɔŝ h aɨlɨɨlaá. The torch's light is diminishing. 2 • To

loose the ability to see clearly. Restrict: eyes. Ɛɨlɨɨláa

ɨnkɔnyɛ́k ɔ́ ltásat. The eyes of the old man will become

weak. (ie. He will not see clearly as before.). The body that contains the eyes or a person cannot be the subject. This cannot refer to a congenital inability to see clearly, but refers to the process of losing visual acuity. It does not describe all vision problems, but could, for example, describe eyes that are starting to go blind or that have developed cataracts. It is typically associated with aging.

a-ililí v. To suspend; hang; dangle, swing. aililí inkírí peê mɛ́nyá impúusîn To suspend meat so that cats will not feed on them. Káílílīō. I have hung (sth.). (SN). a-ililíó v.mid. This could, but need not, imply that anything is swinging.To be suspended in the air.

See: a-

́k ‘To raise up’.

a-ɨlɨpɨl ́p v. To flicker, burn. a-ilísh v. 1 • To clean a gourd by taking out e-sáyíét 'poison', thus preparing it for storing milk. Eyáwúá ŋolé n ́n ́ oltulét olotó ailísh aɨtáá enkúkúrí. Yesterday my mother

brought a gourd in its natural state so as to make a usable gourd out of it. (Pk). See: a-ír ‘To clean a calabash’. 2 • To change sth. bad into sth. good, eg. a bad behavior in a child into a good one; reform. 3 • To have a general feeling of discomfort, illness or unease; experience malaise. Syn: a-ibisíóŋ ‘To be ill’; a-nyaalá ‘To be ill’.

a-ilishá v.mid. To feed. Ɛg ́ra Serikali ailishá olórere amʉ̂ eéuo ɔlámeyu The government is feeding people because famine has come. feed’.

Borrowed word: Swahili

kulisha 'feed'. Syn: a-itotí ‘To

a-ilishó v.mid. Restrict: animate. To be physically weak. a-ilitilít v.prog. To cause to be slowed down or delayed. Ílitilitó mɛtárreshú ɛngárri. Cause him/her to delay so that he/she will wait for the car.

Syn: a-ibók

‘To cause to delay’.

́lɔ̂

[ɪ ́llɔ̂] Nom sg: ɨlɔ̂. Nom pl: ɨlɔɔ́. [The accusative singular is pronounced with low tone [ ̀llɔ̀]

in context with any preceding or following word, e.g. [kádɔ́l ́ta ̀llɔ̀ tʉŋáni]. At the end of a phrase, the final mora may have a phonetic low tone which falls. Phonetically the the [ll] is geminate, but at least some native speakers do not like writing the geminate.] pn.dem. Masculine

singular 2nd distal demonstrative; that. Óu amʉ̂ kátíī atúá ́lɔ̂ sokóni ́nâ ɔlɔ́ŋ. [àtúá ɪ ̀lɔ̀ sòkóni] Come because I will be at that market that day. Nɛ́mɨr ́lɔ̂ lɨká ̄ ɔɨŋɔ́nɨ bási nélōtū aɨtɔrɛ́ inkíshú. He (a bull) chased that other bull, then he came to rule the cows. (W). Á ́ŋá ́ ɨlɔ̂? ([áɪ ́ŋáɪ ́ ɪ ̀llɔ̂]) Who (masc.) is it? (W). Kálɔ ári apá ɨlɔ̂? Which year was that? See: lɛ́lɔ̂ ‘Masculine plural 2nd distal demonstrative; those’.

ɛn- ́lɔ That one. Káke ɨmɨkɨyâ ɛnkárná inó ɔ́ ɛn ́lɔ tʉŋáni l ́tádámūā. But we will not take your name or that one (of) the person that you have thought of. See: Pronouns-Demonstratives; ́nâ ‘Feminine singular 2nd distal demonstrative; that’.

a-ɨlɔgaá

v.away. To

cause a little liquid to pour out of an overfilled container; spill; slosh, pour off. aɨlɔgaá ɛnkárɛ́ To pour out little water.

a-ɨlɔgɨlɔgaá To keep on spilling out. See: a-ibukoó ‘To pour out’. a-iloikí Variant: a-ilokí. [North]: a-ɨlɔ́k, a-lokí. In some suffixed forms: iloikin. v.prog. To

take turns at; alternate, exchange, go back and forth; swing back and forth between two states or conditions. Kɛ́g ́ra ailoikí ɨnkájíjík. He is taking turns in entering houses. Kɛlɔk ́ta elde páyian. This man is taking turns (eg. from one wife's house to the next). (-K S). Kéílokíno nkíshú. They are rotating taking care of each other's cows. (S). Káailoikinó Leonard o Kent áasie lkási. Leonard and Kent are taking turns working with me. (S).

a-ɨlɔ ́rr

make sorrowful, sadden. Ɛɨlɔ́ɨrr ɨnâ báɛ. That issue will sadden him/her. v. To

a-ɨlɔɨrrá To be sorrowful; suddened. Ɛg ́ra aɨlɔɨrrá amʉ̂ etúáta inkíshu pɔ́ɔk ̄ ̄. He is being sorrowful because all the cows died.

a-ilokí [North]

v.dat. [North]

iloikí ‘To change’.

To switch, change, exchange.

See: a-

a-ilokilók v. To spill over, overflow. a-ɨlɔ́m v.prog. To make dull or stupid. Ɛ́ ́lɔ́má ɛnaishó ɔlpayíán. Beer has stupified the man.

a-ɨlɔmá To be stupid. ɨlɔɔ́ Nom pl: ɨlɔ́ɔ.̄ pn. Free-standing form 'those of', having to do with; masculine. ɨlɔɔ́ mp ́saí tɔ́mɔ̂n for ten shillings (W). Ɛsʉ́lárɛ tɛ nɛ́ākʉ̄ mmɛŋasákɨ ɨnkɛ́râ ɨlɔɔ́ mɛ́nyɛ. It is an embarrassment when children do not greet the fathers. (Pk). Nétií ɨlɔ́ lɔɔ́nkuukuuní. There are those (stories) of people who have to do with wild animals. (W). Note: eg. people who fell victim of wild animals, people who live near wild animals, etc. See: ɔlɔɔ́; ɔɔ́ ‘Of’; ɨnɔɔ́ ‘Those of (feminine)’.

a-ɨlɔɔjá v. To show desire to fight. Míntóki aɨlɔɔjá amʉ̂ mɛátā ̄ ɔlárrabal. Don't show your desire to fight because there is no war. desire to fight’.

Usage: people

or animals. See: a-ɨmɔɔjá ‘To show

a-ɨlɔpɨlɔ́p v.prog. 1 • To repeatedly dip self into a liquid. Kɛ́nyɔ́rr ɔlmákaʉ aɨlɔp ́lɔ̄pā ɛnkɑ́rɛ́. The hippo likes dipping into water repeatedly.

drink a liquid repeatedly. Usage: colloquial. Á ́lɔ́p ́lɔ́p ́ta ɛnkárɛ́. (i) I repeatedly dip myself into the water. (ii) I drink the water repeatedly. 3 • To make irrevelant and irresponsible interjections in a discussion; make remarks that interrupt. aɨlɔpɨlɔ́p ɨlɔmɔ́n To make remarks that interrupt (in a discussion). 2 • To

a-ilopilopíé To dip sth. into a liquid repeatedly.

a-ɨlúác [North] [aɪlwátʃ] v. [North] To switch, whip. a-ilubulúb v. To blister, swell. Némorroóju, néílubulúbu, nɛ́dānyā aɨɔtɨɔtá, nétīū ánaa ɨlpɛpɛ́dɔ. It becomes rough, it swells, it bursts and it becomes like scabies. Kábúl ɛnê náilubúlub tɛ nkaɨná. I want to pierce this blister on my hand. (Pk). See: a-tɛ́j ‘To swell’.

a-ɨlʉ́d v.prog. 1 • To sway, move one's body. Ɛ́ ́lʉd. He will sway. Ɛ́ ́lʉ́d ́ta. She is swaying. (W). Áílúdie ɛnkɛ́rá ́. I am swaying the child. 2 • [North] To spring back and forth (eg. a long stick). 3 • [North] To be tall.

To be late. Kɛ́ ́lʉd. He is tall/late. (S). This could be said of leaving for Nairobi at 4 p.m., which would be late in the day. 4 • [North]

a-ɨlʉdaá [North] v.dir. [North] To get a late start. a-ɨlʉdak ́ [North] [North] To do in the evening. a-ɨlʉdʉlʉ́d 1 • To swing or sway under a heavy load. 2 • [North]

a-ilúg

object.

To sway back and forth. Usage: of a long or tall

v. 1 • To

hit with force at close range, with a projectile or sth. in the hand. Ááílúgo iyíé. I hit you. (W). Áílúgo ɨntá ́. I hit y'all. (W). Áílúgo nɨnyɛ́. I hit him. (W). Kílúgo íyīē. You hit me. (W). Áailugó n ́nyɛ. She hit me. (W). Kílúgó ́ntā ̄. Y'all hit me. (W).

drink too much liquid. Eilugíto ɛnáíshó. He is drinking too much beer. Kɛ́ ́lʉ́gwa naishó. He has drunk too much beer. (S). Kɛ́ ́lʉ́gwa nkárɛ́. He has drunk too much water. (S). 2 • To

a-ilugó To be restless; go here and there. ailugó aɨŋɔrʉ́ inkíshú na ́mɨnâ To go here and there looking for lost

cows. Eilúgō ɛnkárɛ. The water moves to and fro/heaves. See: a-ósh; a-náŋ; a-ɨpɔ́ny; a-ikúm ‘To hit’; a-idúl ‘To drink excessively’.

a-ɨlʉmpʉlʉmpá v.mid. To cause unnecessary delay. Míntóki aɨlʉmpʉlʉmpá mɛshɔ́mɔ entékê. Stop delaying

(yourself) unnecessarily (because) the plane will start going. [Implication: you will be left behind.]. Á ́lʉ́mpʉ́lʉ́mpɛ mɛshɔ́mɔ ɔlpáyian lâî. I delayed unnecessarily (for so long), with the result that my husband left (without me). Á ́lʉ́mpʉ́lʉ́mpɛ níkipuo sáâ nabô. I delayed unnecessarily with the result that we left at 7:00.

a-ɨlʉrá [North]

To sleep. 2 • [North] To die. Usage: adults. See: a-ɨrʉrá ‘To sleep’.

a-ilús [North]

nyá ‘To eat’.

v. 1 • [North]

v. [North]

To eat repeatedly, mostly milk.

See: a-

a-iluutó v.mid. To be depressed, be unhappy. a- ́m [West]: a-y ́m. v.prog. 1 • To pass through and proceed on, traverse; pass by; penetrate. Áy ́m ́ta ɛnt ̂m. I am going through the forest. (W). Ká ́m ́ta nkóítéí náló Karen. I am

passing/walking through (along) the path going to Karen. (SN). Óre apá peê éúní ɨlmʉ́rran nɛ́yɨmâ osínkírá. During the warriors' graduation ceremony, they all passed through the small hut. (Pk). Étóóshó ɛnkáíyóní empíra aimíé oldírísha. The boy kicked a ball through the window. Ɛ́ ́má ɛngárrî ɔlbarɨbára. The car has passed on the road. Nélo

ɔltɔmɛ́, óre aké peê élô, néjo á ́ŋʉ́ráā nɛ́lāū ɛnɛɨmá. And the elephant went, when it went it tried to look but it missed where it (the hare) passed. Átódúaa ɛnkárɛ́ sápʉk nayɨmá ɛwúáso ŋirô. I have seen a lot of water running in the brown river. (Pk). A: Ɛntɛ́kɛ ́ɨm? B: Áló a ́m ɛntɛ́kɛ aɨrɔrɔk ́ ɨnkɛ́ra áinêî. A: Are you going by plane? B: I am

going by plane to greet my children.

pass an examination. Kɛ́ɨm Kent ɛntɛ́mátá. Kent can pass the exam. 2 • To

To follow. Ɛshɔmɔ́ áaɨm rrékíé. They have gone to follow the path. (SN). 3 • [North]

a-imíé To drive through, force through, cause to procede. Káímie nkíshú mukaréte. I will drive the cattle through the cattle dip. (ie. to wash them) (S). Táwuara taá enconí peê itúm eníímíe empíto. Slash out the skin so that you get a place to pass string through.

a-ɨmʉ́

In some suffixed forms: a-ɨmʉ́n. To

pass through, come through sth. Ká ́mʉ́ta. I'm passing through. (S). Káaɨmʉn ́. I will be passed. (People will walk towards me and then continue on.) (SN). Káaɨmuak ́. I have been passed by (eg. by people walking on by). (SN). Q: Ají ́ ́m ́ta? A: Káá ́m ́ta atúá táon ɛ Marlál. Q: Where are you passing through? A: I am passing through Maralal town. (SN) (This conversational exchange would make sense if two people are talking by phone, so that one cannot see the other.). Káá ́mʉ̄. I will pass by you. (SN). Íimúákɨ. Pick me up (tomorrow.)/ Pass by me, come see me (S). Káá ́mʉ. I will pass by, call on you. (with or without picking you up to go somewhere together) (SN).

a-ɨmá In some suffixed forms: a-ɨmár. To pass by going away. Káaɨmar ́. I will be passed. (People will walk away from ɨm-

me.) (SN).

of Negative prefix m-. Imikíiyíéú ... We don't want you... [to do sth.].

Variant: ɨmɨ-. neg. Variant

a-imaampút bluff’.

v. To

bluff.

a-ɨmacɨmác [North]

Note: See

synonyms at

v. [North]

See: a-purú ‘To

To speak a language

smoke,

inadequately, brokenly.

a-ɨmág

v. 1 • To

trick s.o. by taking a share more than what you are suppose to get leaving the other person with less share; cheat. Óre hɔ́ɔ ́ n ́rá bótór, m ́mag ɛnkɛ́ráí kɨt ́ Although you are big, don't trick a young child. 2 • [North] To hit (esp. with a solid object). 3 • [North] To seal a crack, plug a hole.

a-ɨmagárr

v.prog. 1 • To

rebuke to an extreme degree; criticise and disapprove overly harshly to cause fear, tyrannize, behave tyrannically. M ́mágarr ɔlɨkáɨ, ́ncɔɔ ɛ́ ́rɔ̂. Don't rebuke the other one, let him talk . 2 • To terrorize.

a-ɨmagarrak ́ To force s.o. do sth. by rebuking harshly. See: abuaak ́ ‘To shout at’.

a-ɨmak ́

Variant: a-yɨmak .́ v. To

mention, reveal, verbally expose; talk about. Kɛ́ɨmakɨ oltuŋáni lɛnkɔ́p encé oréco. He talked about a man in his home area that kills people. (S). Tɛ nkʉtʉ́k aké ɛ́táárá ayɨmak ́ ɛntorróní ɛnyɛ́ pɔɔk ́. It is only by mouth that he beat him to expose all his wrongdoing. (Pk).

iróreí lɔɔ́ lMáásâ ̂ ɔɔ́ɨmákɨ empúkúnotó ɔ́ ltʉŋáni Maasai words that reveal types of people.

a-ɨmál

v. 1 • To

give a cow, sheep or a goat to a relative, to avoid calling his/her name; henceforth one calls the person by the name of what has been given e.g patáwúó 'of heifer'. Ká ́mála nkáíbártani e moses. I have given sth. to Moses' new wife. (S). This custom yields terms of address, as follows. If you give a woman a goat, you call each other pakíné. If you give her a female calf, you call each other patáwó; for a male calf, paáshē; for a sheep, pankérá; for a young goat or sheep, pakwó. 2 • [North] To call s.o. by a pa- appelation. 3 • [Purko] To insult s.o. by the name of a respected person.

a-imalíé To give a cow, sheep or a goat to s.o. to avoid his/her

name. Káímálie ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. I will give him a cow.

a-ɨmaleés

be overly calm and humble. This is mostly mistaken to be foolishness, and is prototypically characterized by being slow, not talking. Ká ́málées. I am calm. See: a-bɔ́rr ‘To be humble’.

a-ɨmalɨmál

v. To

[West]: a-ɨmalmál. [North]: a-ɨmalmál. v. 1 • To

fool about

(as children might do), be negligent, goof off. Kélō ɔláíyíóní aɨmalɨmál tɛ shóo. The boy is going to neglect herding. (Pk). Kélō ɔláíyíóní aɨmalɨmalíé ɔlɨkâ ̂ tɛ shóo. The boy will go and distract the other (boy) during herding. Ɛáta

ɨnâ kɛráí ɛlʉ́kʉ́nyá amʉ̂ eipírrīō sokóni néshukúnye ɛ́ ́tʉ̂ élô aɨmalɨmál. That child is responsible because she ran to the market and returned without going to goof off. ɔltʉŋáni ɔɨmal ́mal a person who is negligent (or fools about). Ɛshɔmɔ́ ɨnkɛ́râ áaɨmalɨmal ɔmɛtáa nɛ́ ́nɔ̄s inkíshu ɨmpáretí ɔɔ́ ltʉ́ŋánák. The children have gone and played around until the cows ate people's crops. (W). engage in ilicit sexual activity. Ɛɨmálímálá ɨnâ titó ɔmɛtáa nɛ́nʉtayú. That girl has played around until she became pregnant. (W). 2 • To

a-ɨmalɨmalʉ́ [North] along at the end.

a-ɨmalmál [North]

v.dir. [North]

To come in at the end, tag

v. 1 • To

fool about, goof off; not do work well, through carelessness or being distracted. Ɛshɔmɔ́

ɨnkɛ́râ áaɨmalmal ɔmɛtáa nɛ́ ́nɔ́s inkíshu impáretí ɔɔ́ltʉŋanak. The children have gone and played around until the cows ate people's crops. (W). See: a-ɨmalɨmál ‘To fool about’. 2 • [North] To be late, tardy, dawdle.

a-ɨmány v. 1 • To swear by one's father's name or one's best bull. Ɛ́ ́many ɔlpáyian ilmóŋí lɛnyɛ́na. The man will swear by his bulls. 2 • To take pride in (eg. one's animals).

a-ɨmanyá

v.dir. 1 • To

swear by the name of one's cows or the name of one's father. 2 • [North] To call out a name (eg. a favorite steer or faminly name) during battle.

a-ɨmanyʉ́ v.dir. [North] To come when called. a-imaranú [North] v.incep. [North] To become spotted. See: mára ‘Spotted’.

look upwards at, gaze upwards. Ɛ́ ́már ́r ́a. She looked up at s.o. (S).

a-ɨmarɨr ́

v. 1 • To

́ á ́mariríá Yesʉ ɔ́láâ nɨnyɛ́ admire, respect. Ɛm ɔláítúrúkóní náa ɔlɔɨtabáyā enkírúkótó âŋ... Let's look up to Jesus who is the author and finisher of our faith... 3 • To put trust in. 2 • To

a-ɨmarlál [North]

To glisten, glitter. This verb gave rise to the name of Maralal town because of the glittering effect of the sun shining off its corrugated iron roofs, especially when seen from a distance. See: a-ɨmɛrlɛ́l ‘To glitter’.

a-ɨmarrɨmárr

v. [North]

v.prog. v.prog. To

bud.

be very bright and shiny. Usage: rare. Kɛ́ ́marr ́marr ɛnk ́lâ The cloth is so bright and shinny. 2 • v.prog. To

a-ɨmasó v.mid. To be proud. See: a-ŋɨdá ‘To be proud’. ́mɛ neg. Not, no. See: ḿmɛ ‘Not, no’; ɨmɛɛ́ta ‘He has not, there is not’; ɨmɛɛ́tā ̄ ‘There is not’.

imeékūrē [North] Acc sg: mokúré. adv. No longer. Óre oshî táatá néméékūrē kílótú aɨrɔrɔk ́ ánaa apá. Nowadays you don't come to greet me like before. (Pk). Óre oshî táatá nɛ́taá ɨntáirrí eishopí imeékūrē áâ ɨnamʉ́ka oó loníto ánaa apá. These days people wear tire sandals, not leather sandals like before. (Pk). Ɛt́ áá doí apá tásat ɛldɛ̂ áyíóní imeékūrē áâ bíyótó That boy is disabled, he is no

longer healthy. (Pk). Ɛt́ áá tásat imeékūrē apá ɛɨd ́m atanápa intokitín naáíroshi. He is weak; he is no longer able to carry heavy things. (Pk). Ɛg ́ra ɛnk ́tɛŋ ayeyú amʉ̂ imeékūrē ɛ́átâ kʉlɛ́. The cow is about to stop letting out milk because it does not have more milk. (Pk). Mokúré agól. I'm no longer strong. (SN). See: ḿmɛ ‘No, not’.

ɨmɛɛ́ta

v.s. 1 • he.has.not.

2 • He/she

has not; there is not. See: ́mɛ; ḿmɛ ‘Not, no’; ɨmɛɛ́tā ̄ ‘There is not’.

ɨmɛɛ́tā ̄

v.s. There

there is not’.

a-ɨmɛ́k

is not.

See:

́mɛ; ḿmɛ ‘Not, no’; ɨmɛɛ́ta ‘He has not,

v. 1 • To

be funny, cheeky, crude. 2 • To transgress.

a-imenóŋ [North]

v. 1 • [North]

To avoid food touched by

women. 2 • [North] To refuse to eat in the presence of women. Practiced by warriors.

a-ɨmɛrlɛ́l

be glittery, shiny. Kɛ́ ́mɛ́rlɛl emóti ŋejúk. The new cooking pot is glittery. (Pk). Kɛ́ ́mɛ́rlɛl enkiwuaŋatɑ́ ɛ́ ncán. The lightening is flashy (whenever it comes). (Pk). This does not necessarily mean that it is flashing over and over. 2 • To flash. Restrict: lightening, spears. 3 • To throb or wince with pain, as of limbs.

a-ɨmɛ́rr

v. 1 • To

v. 1 • [North]

To aggrandize oneself while belittling others; look down upon one who is unfortunate or unpriviledged. 2 • To be arrogant; pretend to know nothing. 3 • [North] To boast in one's strength, wealth, etc. See: a-ɨlásh ‘To be arrogant’; a-ɨkár ‘To boast’; a-wuasá ‘To be arrogant’; ayíál ‘To be arrogant’.

a-imerríé To boast about. a-ɨmɛrrɨmɛ́rr Variant: a-ɨmɛrrmɛ́rr. v.prog. To walk as if unable to control one's movements; stagger. Ɛg ́ra ɔlámɛ́rání aɨmɛrrɨmɛrrarrí aló áŋ. The drunkard is staggering to go ímîêt

home.

[North] Acc sg: ímet,

ímîêt. [Chamus] Acc sg: ímêt. num. Five (cardinal

number). Ilkimojík ímîêt ɛáta ɔltʉ́ŋání tɛ nkaɨná nábo. It is five fingers that a person has on one hand.

́m ́ ́m [North]

[North] Nom sg: ɨmɨ

́m. [North] Acc pl: ɨmɨɨmí. [North] Nom pl: ́mɨɨmí. n. [North] Plant whose leaves are chewed by young people to make their lips black and attractive. Indigofera arrecta.

a-imíl [North] v. [North] To dive into water. a-imilimíl [North] v. [North] To glimmer, glow, burn faintly. a-ɨm ́n v.prog. To get lost, go astray. Áaɨm ́n ɛnkɛráí. My child will be lost. Éímíníé ɛnkáyíóní inkíshú. The boy has lost the cows. Áaɨmɨná ɛnk ́tɛŋ. My cow got lost. Ɛɨmɨn ́ta ɛnk ́tɛŋ. The cow is going astray. Ɛɨm ́nʉ̄ ɛnk ́tɛŋ. The cow will stray towards this side. aɛ́n inkíshú naá ́mɨnâ peê mɛ́nyá ilowuarák to tie (for protection) cows that are lost so that they are not eaten by wild animals (Pk). See: a-m ́n ‘To loose’.

a-ɨmɨná v.mid. To be lost. a-ɨmɨnayú v.mid v.incep. To be loosable. a-imirkikoó v. To throw away. aimirkikoó orinká to throw away a club. See: a-náŋ ‘To throw’.

a-imís

v. v. To

disappear from sight. This may indicate sudden disappearance, but also could be used for walking so far that you can no longer be seen. sink, submerge, go down. enkijíkō naimisó tɛ nkárɛ the spoon that disappeared in the water. 2 • v. To

a-imisíé 1 • To make sth. disappear from sight; cover, hide. Áaimisíé ɨnkʉj ́t. Grass covered me (i.e I cannot be seen). aimisíé tɛ nk ́lâ To hide it with the cloth. 2 • To prevent sth. from being discovered. aimisíé ɛmbáɛ peê méyíólóúni To hide an issue so that it will not be known.

a-imisiginó [North] v.mid. [North] To be depressed, feel sad. Míntóki aimisiginó. Stop feeling sad/depressed. See: misigîn ‘A

poor person’; a-ɨsɨnanúó ‘To be depressed’.

a-ɨmɔɔjá v. To show desire to fight. Míntóki aɨmɔɔjá amʉ̂ mɛátā ̄ ɔlárrabal. Don't show your desire to fight because there is no war. desire to fight’.

Usage: people

or animals. Syn: a-ɨlɔɔjá ‘To show

a-imotót v. To be salty (of a liquid). a-imú [North]: a-ɨmʉ́. v.prog. 1 • To be satisfied. Áímu olótótó. I've walked enough. (S). This could be said after 5-6 hours. Ɛɨtʉ́ aímu. I am not satisfied. (SN). 2 • [North]

To be fed up with.

a-imúó v.mid. To get satisfied. Moókíré anyá ɛndáa amʉ̂ áímūō. I will not eat food again because I am satisfied/full. See: a-itiemú

[North] ‘To fit well, suffice’. a-raposhó: ‘To get satisfied’. See: a-baɨk ́ ‘To be sufficient’; a- ́m ‘To pass’. Note the ATR 'motion towards' form of a- ́m 'pass', a-ɨmʉ,́ which contrasts with a-imú.

a-imúg v. 1 • To doze. Ɛg ́ra entitó aimúg amʉ̂ kéyīēū nɛ́ ́rʉra. The girl is dozing because she wants to sleep. 2 • To

slumber. 3 • [North] To flinch, jump back from feigned attack. See: aɨrʉrá ‘To sleep’.

a-ɨmʉjʉmʉ́j

v. 1 • To

suck a sweet hard substance. Kɛ́nyɔ̄r

ɛnkɛráí aɨmʉjʉ́mʉ̄jā ɔsɛrɛmɛ́ntɛ̄. A child likes to suck a sweet.

rinse the mouth with a liquid. ɛnkɨt ́ árɛ́ náímújúmūjīē ɛnkʉ́tʉ́k little water to drink (lit: little water to rinse the mouth with). 2 • To

a-ɨmʉkʉmʉ́k v.prog. 1 • To chew secretly so as not to be noticed. Ɛg ́ra aɨmʉkʉmʉ́k ɛndââ. He is chewing food secretly. 2 • To talk in whispers. Émintokíki áaɨmʉkʉmʉka ɛ́mbalunyíé oróréí. Don't talk in whispers, make it clear. (i.e Shout for all of us to hear.).

snigger so as not to be noticed. aɨmʉkʉmʉ́k enkuenîâ To laugh secretly. 3 • To

a-ɨmʉ́l v.prog. 1 • To cover, close, seal. Kɛ́ ́mʉl ɔltʉ́ŋání ɨnkɔnyɛ́k tɛnɛ́ ́rʉra A person will cover/close his eyes when he sleeps. 2 • To hide, wrap.

a-ɨmʉlá v.mid. To be hidden; be wrapped. a-ɨmʉlʉmʉ́l To cover; blindfold; wrap up, wrap in sth. a-ɨmʉ́m [North]2 v. [North] To roll into a ball. a-ɨmʉ́m1 v. To request, beg. a-ɨmʉrgʉ́t v. To gulp. a-ɨmʉrgʉtaá To gulp down, swallow without chewing, eat greedily.

a-ɨmʉrjaá v.intr. To swallow whole. Ɛɨmʉrjáyie ɔlŋatúny enkitejó. The lion has swallowed the hare. a-imutíé v. To be after the expected or usual time; delayed, late. Áímútie ɛ́ ́tʉ̂ aló áŋ. I am late from not going home. See: amutú ‘To get late (in the evening)’.

a-imutikí [North]

v. [North]

To delay into the evening.

See: a-

ɨńnâ

itumutikí ‘To delay s.o.’; a-mutikí ‘To be late’.

Variant: ɨn-; i-; ɨ-; ɨnk-. gen. Noun

prefix for feminine plural referent. Nɛ́yá inkíshú ɛnyɛ̂ ó isirkôn. He took their cows and donkies.

[ɪ ́nnâ] Nom sg: ɨnâ. Acc pl: ɨnɔɔ́. Nom pl: ɨnɔ́ɔ. [North] Acc sg: inîâ. pn.dem. 1 • Feminine

singular demonstrative; 2nd degree of distalness; that. Má ́nɔsá ́nâ dáa Let's eat that food. 2 • Feminine singular demonstrative, 4th degree of distalness; that out-of-view. See: Pronouns-Demonstratives; ́lɔ̂ ‘Masculine singular 2nd distal demonstrative; that’.

ɨnadúóó Previously-mentioned. tɛ́ ́na; tɛ́ ́nâ From that. Míkíntóki adál tɛ́ ́na kíóok. Don't keep reflecting with that mirror at me (ie. the light from the mirror is disturbing me). Népūtī ɔlaigúɛ́nani tɛ́ ́na âŋ. The age-set leader is ordained from that home.

a-ɨnapɨnáp

v. 1 • To

walk quickly. Usage: insulting. See: a-siooyó; aɨsarrɨsárr; a-isurokí ‘To walk quickly’. 2 • To breathe fast and in a non-normal fashion due to fever.

a-ɨnáʉ́r v.s. To tire s.o., cause to become tired. Káagɨrá ɛná síáai aɨnaʉ́r. This work is making me tired. See: a-naurú ‘To become tired’.

a-ɨnaʉrá [North]

To be tired. Ká ́náʉra. I am tired (perhaps because of working a long time). (SN). Kɛ́ ́naʉ́rɨtâ lpágási olêŋ. The workers are very tired. (SN). Ká ́náʉ́rie ŋolé. I have made him tired. / I have weighed him down. (SN). See: a-naʉrá ‘To be tired’.

ɨncɛ́rɛ

v.mid. [North]

Variant: incére; ncɛ́rɛ. dem. 1 • That;

in order that; the reason is. 2 • Incipient complementizer for direct speech complement. Néjokiní ɨncɛ́rɛ, kɛ́ ́tāyu inkíshú íîp ímíet. They were told that they were to pay five hundred cows.

incériaá

inter. Interrogative

phrase proving to the hearer how

untrue his/her earlier statement is. The speaker will repeat the statement made by the former speaker and then add incériaá? "How come? For what reason? Namely?". A: Ɛɨtʉ́ aló áŋ. B: Ɛɨtʉ́ iló áŋ incériaá? A: I did not go home. B: You did not go home, how come? (Implication: you did go home).

índad [North] pl:

́ndadí. [North] Nom ́ndadí. n.f. [North] Women's ornament with glass beads.

íne [Purko]

[North] Nom sg: índâd. [North] Acc pl:

Nom sg: inê. pn.dem. 1 • Distal

locative demonstrative, indicating approximately where the addressee is located; there, in that location. Shɔ́mɔ tátala ínê peê tenéleŋ níkipuonú áaidurrie inkíshú. Go and survey there, if you find it green enough with pasture then we can take the cows. place already mentioned. Nɛ́yɛ̄ téíne. It died just there (that place). See: nénên ‘Those places’; Pronouns Þ Demonstrative pronouns. 2 • That

́nɛ̂

Variant: ɨnɛ-. psr.prt. The

one(s) of; used with a following demonstrative or gender-prefixed noun. ɨnɛ ́lɔ ári of that year. See: ɛ́ ‘Feminine singular possessor’.

a-ɨnɛnɛ́ŋ

assess the weight of sth. Kɛ́ ́nɛ́nɛŋa. He assessed its weight. (S). 2 • To assess, try, tempt. In S, this can include testing s.o., either with strengh physically, or ability in school. v. 1 • To

a-ɨnɛnɛŋaá To try sth. out in turns. a-ɨnɛnɛŋaá v. To try out. a-ineníá v.mid. To be piled; crammed. Ɛg ́ra ɨmbáâ áainenia kírréshítô e ntúmo naɨmakinyíéki pɔɔk ́ The issues are getting piled up as we wait for the meeting that all of them will be discussed. See: a-sót ‘To pile them up’.

a-ɨnɛpʉ́

In some suffixed forms: a-ɨnɛpʉ́n. v.dir. 1 • To

catch up with s.o. or sth. which is ahead (eg., on the road, in work). Ɛɨnɛ́pʉ. He will catch up with him. Á ́nɛ́pʉ. I will catch up with him/her.

Áínépūā. I have caught up with him/her. Nɛ́ ́nɛpʉ ɔltásât, néjo á ́rɔ́rɔ́k ́, nɛ́ ́ŋatáa. He caught up with an old man, and tried to greet him, but he ran away.

meet or find s.o. or sth. Á ́ŋásie peê aɨnɛ́pʉ tɛ súkuul. I was surprised to find him at school. Á ́nɛ́pʉ tɛ súkuul. I'll find (meet) him/her at school. Á ́nɔ́s ́ta ɛndáa asiokí amʉ̂ álótíto aɨnɛpʉ́ ɛngárri. I am eating food quickly because I'm going to catch (meet) the bus/car. (W). 2 • To

a-ɨnɛpaá To catch up with s.o. or sth. while going away; ae-iní

ɨnɛpaá and a-ɨnɛpʉ́ are basically synonymous. find’.

See: a-inót ‘To

be born. Óre peê einí aké ɛnkɛ́ráí.... When a child is born.. v.pass. To

a-inyíé

v.appl. To

be born at [a time]. See: a-íú ‘To bear offspring, give birth’; a-ikí ‘To bear; copulate’.

ínîâ [North] pn.dem. [North] North Maa variant of ínâ 'that'. ínîâ pârr [ìnìà pârr] that day (SN). See: Pronoun Paradigm Þ Deomonstrative.

a-ɨnɨapʉ́ [North]

[àɪnyàpʊ́] v. [North]

To catch up with; to go where sth. is. See: a-ɨnɛpʉ́ ‘To catch up with’.

a-inikishó v. To respond. a-ininíŋ v. To listen, pay attention. Tábolo inkííyāā inónók; máíniniŋó oróréí lɛ́ nKáí. Open your ears; let's listen to the word of God. (W).

a-ininiŋishó To listen, pay attention. See: a-níŋ ‘To hear’. injí pn.dem. Thus, this way, like this. Pápâ ɔ́ ́kʉná injí iyíóók. It is our father who has done this to us. Injí taá ɛ́nkʉnari amʉ̂ ́náŋárɛ́rɛ. Go this way because you will meet them coming. abá injí To be as big as this. ɔ-ɨnkát Nom sg: ɔ- ́nkāt. Acc pl: ɨ-ɨnkatí. Nom pl: ɨ- ́nkatí. [North] Acc

́nkát. [North] Nom sg: ɨnkát. [North] Acc pl: ínkátí. [North] Nom pl: inkatí. n. Wildebeest, gnu. Connochaetes taurinus. Among the Samburu, the tail of this animal is decorated and used by elders to swat flies. sg:

In-kiíto n.prop. Probably in Kajiado District, near ɛmbɔɔ́.Place name. inkó v.imp. Second person inflected form of a-ikó(n). Inkó! Take it! Inkó? Can you do it? (S). See: a-ikó ‘To do’; ɛ́nkʉna; ́nkʉna ‘Take it! (Imperative)’.

́nkʉna inó

íno

Variant: inkó. PL: ɛ́nkʉna. v.imp. 1 • Do

like! 2 • Take it! See: a-ikó ‘To do’; ɛ́nkʉna; inkó ‘Take it! (pl. and sg. addressee, respectively)’.

ɛnkají inó your house (W). l- is prefixed when the possessed is masculine: Shɔ́mɔ tɔ́rɔjɔ sútúó linó meéu bɔɔ́. Go and signal yur friend to come out. (SN).

Nom sg: íno. pn.psr. Your.

See: Possessive

v.imp. Be

pronoun paradigm.

off! Get out of the way! See: shɔ́mɔ ‘Go (Perfect[ive] or Imperative)’; cɔ́mɔ [North] ‘Go (Perfect[ive] or Imperative)’.

a-ɨnɔ́k

[North]: inók. PF: a-inúá. v.prog. 1 • To

light (fire, lamp), kindle ́ fire. Ká ́nɔ́k ́ta nk ́má I'm lighting a fire. (S). Ɨnúáá ɔltáa amʉ̂ kémīsīmīs doí áji. Light the lamp because it is dark here in the house. 2 • [North] To beat severely and rapidly.

make feverish or infected. Káaɨnɔkɨtâ nkíréwua. My body has been attacked by malaria. (S). See: a-ɨpɨrʉ́ ‘To kindle fire’. 3 • To

inónō Nom pl: ínonó. [West] Acc sg: inónók. pn.psr. Your plural (things). Néjokí ɔlpáyīān: Papa áí, ámaâ ́mɔ́n ́rā tɛ n ́k ̄yā kʉlɔ̂ mɔ́ŋ ́ linónō? They told the man, "Our father, do you mind if we take these bulls of yours?". Óre int ́pát ́ inónō náa imólelîân ́lmákɛsɛ́n ɨltáárróséro amʉ̂ nɨncɛ́ óoyíú ɨnɔɔ́ nkakúí inónō. Your lineage is imólelîân,

́lmɔ́kɛsɛ́n, and ɨltáárroséro because they are the sub-clans of

ɨnɔɔ́

your grandparents (lt. because they are the ones your grandparents gave birth to). (Pk). Tábolo inkííyāā inónōk; máínīŋīnɔ̄ oróréí lɛ́ nKáí. Open your years; let's listen to the word of God. (W). Káke eóto ɨlnyányâ línonók olɛ̂ŋ. But your tomatos are overripe. (W). of; feminine. Néjo ɨnɔ́ɔ ŋɔtɔ́nyɛ... Their mothers said... (KS). ɨnɔɔ́ mp ́saí tɔ́mɔ̂n for ten shillings (W). See: ɔɔ́ ‘Of’; ɨlɔɔ́ ‘Those of (masculine)’. Nom pl: ɨnɔ́ɔ. pn. Those

a-inopú a-inórr

v. To

See: siadí ‘Last’.

falsely speak words that damage the reputation of another; slander. Míkíntóki ainórr hɔ́ɔ ́ n ́k ́mbáyie. Don't slander me even though you have hated me. See: a-isúr ‘To slander’.

a-ɨnɔ́s

v. To

come last.

eat. Ɛɨnɔ́s ́ta ɔlŋatúny ɛncɛrɛ́rɛ̄t. The lion is eating the monkey. (W). Ɛɨnɔ́s ́ta ɛncɛ́rɛrɛ́t ɔlŋátúny. The monkey is eating the lion. (W). Ɛɨnɔ́s ́ta olkínyáŋ olowuarú mára. The crocodile is eating the leopard. (W). Ɛɨnɔ́s ́ta olówuarú márâ olkinyáŋ. The leopard is eating the crocodile. (W). Á ́nɔ́s ́ta ɛndáa. I am eating food. v.prog. 1 • To

Átódúaa náají ɛntúrkulúo naɨnɔs ́ta ilkúrt tɛ mpɔ́lɔ̂s ɛ́ bɔɔ́. I have seen a dove eating worms in the middle of the

homestead. Syn: a-nyá ‘To eat’. See: a-daá ‘To eat’; a-ám ‘To eat; cause distress’; a-rrutishó ‘To eat, have a meal’; Táma! ‘Eat it!’. At least in S, a-nyá 'to eat' is more polite than a-daá 'to eat'; arruticó is most polite, but less common than a-nyá. discuss; share news. Á ́nɔ́s ́ta ɨlɔmɔ́n. I am getting/sharing news. Nɛ́kɨnɔ́s (~ nɛ́kɨɨnɔ́s) taá tɛ nkádɔr ́. We had a long discussion. (lit: We discussed for a long time.) (W). K ́ɨnɔ́s. We will discuss it. (W). 2 • To

cause pain; wound. A: Ká ́nyɔ̄ɔ ̄ n ́k ́nɔ́sa ɛnká ́ná? B: olkikúei láataremó. A: What has made your arm ache? 3 • To

B: A thorn stabbed me. Ɛ́ ́nɔ́sâ intúduí ɨnkɛ́ra ilkimojík lɔɔ́ nkɛjɛ́k. Children have jiggers infesting their toes (lit. the digits of the feet). (Pk). 4 • To make s.o. cry. 5 • To have a specific value; worth.

a-ɨnɔsɨshɔ́ a-ɨnɔsʉ́ 1 • To eat coming this way. 2 • To

narrate a story, tell news. 3 • To regret.

a-ɨnɔsaá

1 • To

a-inosíé

1 • To

eat going away. 2 • To spread the news or contents of a story. eat with or at. 2 • To do sth. at the expense of another.

exchange one thing for another; barter, buy, sell. Ɛg ́ra ainosíé ɛnâ kɨlâ iropiyianí îp aré. He is exchanging (selling or buying) this cloth for four hundred shillings. (Pk). 4 • To make sth. be consumed by another (eg. grass by fire). 5 • To discuss with, talk with. 3 • To

a-ɨnɔ́s ɔlmʉmâî To take an oath. Á ́nɔ́sa ɔlmʉmâî I have taken (eaten) an oath. (Pk).

ɛnk- ́nɔ́sátá n. Eating. See: a-ɨnɔ́s ‘To eat’. a-ɨnɔsʉ́ lɔmɔ́n v.phrase. To tell the news. a-ɨnɔsaá lɔmɔ́n v.dir v.phrase. To tell news at several houses, one at a time.

a-ɨnɔsʉnyɛ́

be remorseful over past deeds; feel guilty (lit: to eat one's self coming toward the point of reference). ɔltʉŋáni ɔɨnɔsʉ́nyɛ person who is remorseful, guilty (lit: person who eats self). See: a-ɨnɔ́s ‘To eat’.

a-inót

v.mid. To

find. ainótó ropianí tɛ mbɛnɛ áí. I found some money in my pocket. See: a-ɨnɛpʉ́ ‘To catch, meet, find’. v. To

e-inóti

Nom sg: e-ínoti. n. 1 • Daughter,

true daughter. 2 • Child that resembles s.o. very closely (physically, in action, etc.). 3 • Resident of an area over a long time, who is well known and belongs to the area. 4 • Person who learns young how to do a work, and does so perfectly.

o-inóti Son, true son. See: a-íú ‘To bear offspring’. ínóto [North] [North] Nom sg: inóto. [North] Acc pl: inót. [North] Nom pl: inót. ɨntá ́

́-īnūā

n. [North]

Birth.

See: a-íú ‘To

bear offspring’.

́ntā .̄ [North] Acc sg: ntá .́ pn. You (plural). Áílúgo ɨntá ́. I hit y'all. (W). K ́ntɔɔ́mɔn aké ɨntá ́ ánaa aké. We welcome you always. (C). Kílúgó ́ntā ̄. Y'all hit me. (W). Íyíólórōrō apá ́ntā ̄ ɔ́ n ́nyɛ? Did you (PL) and he know each other? (KS). Nom pl:

v.pf. 1 • Perfective

form of a-ɨnɔ́k 'to kindle a fire, light (a lamp)'. Éínúá. He kindled the fire. Áínua ɔltáa amʉ̂ kémīsīmīs doí áji. I lit the lamp because the house is dark. ́ Light the lamp because it is dark here in the house. (Pk). Ɨnúá ɛnk ́má amʉ̂ ɛɨrɔ́p ̄jā. You (pl) lit the fire because it was ́ cold. Ɨnuá ɔltáa amʉ̂ kémīsīmīs doí áji. Light the lamp because it is dark here in the house.

́ or imperative form of a-ɨnɔ́k. Ɨnuá ɛnk ́má amʉ̂ kɛ́ ́rɔ́bɨ. You light the fire because it is cold. 2 • Subjunctive

a-inuaak ́

1 • To

light the fire for. 2 • To rouse up s.o.'s emotions; agitate, "stir up".

a-inuaak ́ ɛngárri

Usage: colloquial. To

accelerate a car. ɨnɔ́k ‘To kindle fire’; a-ɨpɨrʉ́ ‘To kindle fire’.

See: a-

a-ɨnʉná v.mid. To be motionless and quiet in the house. Ɛg ́ra aɨnʉná tɛ áji némēpūkū. He/ she is just quiet and

motionless in the house and doesn't get out. remain in the house’.

Syn: a-mʉká

‘To

a- ́ny [North] v. [North] To beat and humiliate. a-ɨnyaaká v. To return sth. to its original container or dwelling. Ká ́naakíno. I'm going back (eg. into my house, after stepping outside to talk to you). (S).

a-inyaayá v.mid. 1 • To take towards a certain direction. Einyaáyá inkíshú ídîâ áló. He will drive the cows towards that direction.

take it back to. ainyaayá Naɨrɔbɨ To take it back to Nairobi. áínyááyie Nairobi. (i) I took it back to Nairobi. (ii) I took it towards Nairobi. 2 • To

a-ɨnyakʉ́ [North] v. Usage: cattle. [North] To bring up a cud. a-inyál v. 1 • To annoy, tease, vex. 2 • To spoil, damage. Ɛg ́ra abarak ́ ainyál esíái. He is intentionally spoiling the work. (Pk). Einyálatɛ ɨmʉ́katɛn ́. These breads are bad. (W).

insult, offend, wrong, harm. Esúpátisho nátomitikíó einyál ɛnká ́. His goodness prevented him from harming her. (Pk). Kéísídáí oshî ɔltʉ́ŋání ɔ́tɔta ɔltáʉ́ sídáí amʉ̂ kɛ́palíki ɨlkʉl ́ká ́ tɛnɛ́ ́nyál. A good-hearted person is good because he forgives others when they wrong him. (W). 3 • To

cause trouble. amʉ̂ ínyála kɛwán because you have brought problems to yourself (KS). See: a-dɛ́k; a-mórr ‘To insult’. 4 • To

a-inyaminyám [Chamus] v. [Chamus] To slash. Nɛ́gɨráɨ aké áainyaminyama. People just slashed each other. (C). a-inyáŋ Variant: a-inyíáŋ. v. v. To buy from; get in trade or by barter from. Káínyáŋa Mósēs. I have bought sth. from Moses. (S). Káínyáŋa ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ ɛ Mósēs. I have bought Moses' cow. (S). a-inyaŋʉ́ To buy sth. Íncooí iropiyianí meshómōī

áainyaŋʉ ɛndáa. Give away money so that food can be bought. Mainyáŋʉ ɛngárri ɛnyɛ́ amʉ̂ súújí. I will not

buy his car because it is bad. (eg. rusting, uncared for, possibly missing parts). Rrantíli ŋéjúk áyíéú náínyáŋʉ. It is a new scale that I want to buy. (SN). Ká ́nyɔ̄ɔ ̄ íyīēū nínyáŋʉ? What do you want to buy? (W). Áínyáŋák ́ kaán ɨlnyɛ́nya. I buy myself tomatoes. (W). Ááínyáŋák ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. I buy you (sg) tomatos. (W). A ́nyáŋák ́ ɨntá ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. I buy y'all tomatos. (W). Áínyáŋák ́ nɨnyɛ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. I buy him tomatos. (W). Áínyáŋák ́ nɨncɛ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. I buy them tomatoes. (W). Kínyáŋák ́ íyīē ɨlnyɛ́nya. You (sg) buy me tomatos. (W). Ínyaŋak ́ iyíóók ɨlnyɛ́nya. You (sg) buy us tomatoes. (W). Ɛinyáŋák ́ iyíóók ɨlnyɛ́nya. He buys us tomatoes. (W). Kínyáŋák ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. He buys you (sg) tomatoes. (W). Ɛinyáŋák ́ ɨntá ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. He/they buys y'all tomatoes. (W). Kínyaŋákɨ iyíé ɨlnyɛ́nya. We buy you tomatoes. (W). Kínyaŋákɨ ɨntá ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. We buy y'all tomatoes. (W). Kínyaŋákɨ nɨnyɛ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. We buy him tomatoes. (W). Ínyaŋak ́ nɨnyɛ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. You (sg) buy him tomatoes. (W). Einyáŋák ́ kaán ɨlnyɛ́nya. He buys himself tomatoes. (W). Inyáŋák ́ n ́ncɛ nɨnyɛ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. Y'all buy you tomatoes. (W). Înyaŋak ́ nɨncɛ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. You buy y'all tomatoes. (W). Ényaŋakɨt ́ átɛ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. Y'all buy yourselves tomatoes. (imperative) (W). Kínyáŋák ́ n ́ncɛ ɨlnyɛ́nya. They buy you (sg) tomatoes. (W). Ɛinyáŋák ́ nɨnyɛ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. They buy him tomatoes. (W). Ɛinyáŋák ́ iyíóók ɨlnyɛ́nya. They buy us tomatoes. (W). Ínyáŋu ɨlnyɛ́nya oshî aké. You buy tomatoes everyday. (W). Ínyáŋák ́ kaán ɨlnyɛ́nya. You buy yourself tomatoes. (W). Kínyáŋák ́ íyíé ɨlnyɛ́nya. You

buy me tomatoes. (W). Ínyaŋak ́ nɨnyɛ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. You buy him tomatoes. (W). Ínyaŋak ́ iyíóók ɨlnyɛ́nya. You buy us tomatoes. (W). Înyaŋak ́ nɨncɛ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. You buy y'all tomatoes. (W). Ínyáŋák ́ nɨncɛ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. You buy them tomatoes. (W). Einyáŋák ́ kaán ɨlnyɛ́nya. He buys himself tomatoes. (W). Áainyaŋákɨ ɨlnyɛ́nya. He/they buys me tomatoes. (W). Kínyáŋák ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. He buys you tomatoes. (W). Einyáŋák ̄ iyíóók ɨlnyɛ́nya. He buys us tomatoes. (W). Einyáŋák ́ ɨntá ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. He/they buys y'all tomatoes. (W). Einyáŋák ́ nɨncɛ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. He buys them tomatoes. (W). Ínyáŋáká Málákai ɨlnyɛ́nya. You buy/bought Malakai tomatoes. (W). Ínyáŋák ́kɨ Málákai ɨlnyɛ́nya. Y'all buy/bought Malakai tomatoes. (W). Kínyaŋákɨ iyíé ɨlnyɛ́nya. We buy you tomatoes. (W). Kínyaŋákɨ nɨnyɛ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. We buy him tomatoes. (W). Kínyaŋákɨ ɨntá ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. We buy y'all tomatoes. (W). Ínyáŋu ɨlnyɛ́nya oshî aké. You (sg) buy tomatoes everyday. (W). Ínyáŋúŋu ɨlnyɛ́nya oshî aké. Y'all buy tomatoes everyday. (W). Kínyaŋu ɨlnyɛ́nya oshî aké. We buy tomatoes everyday. (W). Kínyáŋák ́ íyīē ɨlnyɛ́nya. You (sg) buy me tomatoes. (W). Kinyaŋak ́kɨ ɨntá ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. Y'all buy me tomatoes. (W). Ínyáŋák ́kɨ nɨncɛ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. Y'all buy them tomatoes. (W). Einyáŋák ́ átɛ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. They buy themselves tomatoes. (W). Kínyáŋák ́ n ́ncɛ ɨlnyɛ́nya. They buy you tomatoes. (W). Einyáŋák ́ nɨnyɛ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. They buy him tomatoes. (W). Einyáŋák ́ iyíóók ɨlnyɛ́nya. They buy us tomatoes. (W). Áainyaŋákɨ ɨlnyɛ́nya. They/he buys me tomatoes. (W). Áínyáŋúá ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. I bought a cow. (W). Ínyáŋúá ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ ŋolé. You bought a cow yesterday. (W). Ɛɨtʉ́ inyáŋʉ ɨlnyɛ́nya ŋolé. You did not buy tomatoes

yesterday. (W). Einyáŋúá ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ ŋolé. He bought a cow yesterday. (W). Einyáŋutúá ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ ŋolé. They bought a cow yesterday. (W). Kínyaŋutúa ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ ŋolé. We bought a cow yesterday. (W). Ínyáŋutúá ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ ŋolé. Y'all bought a cow yesterday. (W). Mainyáŋʉ ɛngárri ɛnyɛ́ amʉ̂ súújí. I will not buy his car because it is bad. (eg. rusting, uncared for, possibly missing parts). (W). Áínyáŋʉ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ tááisére. I will buy a cow tommorow. (W). Ínyáŋʉ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ tááisére. You will buy a cow tommorow. (W). Einyáŋʉ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ tááisére. He will buy a cow tommorow. (W). Kínyaŋʉ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ tááisére. We will buy a cow tommorow. (W). Ínyáŋʉ́ŋʉ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ tááisére. Y'all will buy a cow tommorow. (W). Rrantíli ŋéjúk áyíéú nainyáŋʉ. It is a new scale that I want to buy. (SN). Áínyáŋʉ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. I am buying a cow. / I will buy a cow. / I buy a cow. (W). Ínyáŋʉ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. You are buying a cow. (W). Einyáŋʉ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. They/he are buying a cow. (W). Kínyaŋʉ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. We are buying a cow. (W). Ínyáŋʉ́ŋʉ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. Y'all are buying a cow. (W). Ínyáŋʉ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. You are buying a cow. (W). Áyíéú náínyáŋʉ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. I want to buy a cow. (W). Íyíéú nínyáŋʉ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. You want to buy a cow. (W). Eyíéú néínyaŋʉ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. He wants to buy a cow. (W). Kíiyíéú nékinyaŋʉ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. We want to buy a cow. (W). Íyíéúu nínyaŋʉ́ŋʉ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. Y'all want to buy a cow. (W).

buy s.o. (so as to solve a problem of poverty). Ényiaŋʉ́ ɨltʉ́ŋánák. Hire/buy people. 2 • v. To 3 • v. To

buy things from a distance or several places. See: am ́rr ‘To sell’.

ɛnk-ɨnyátɨ

Nom sg: ɛnk-

́nyati. Acc pl: ɨnk-ɨnyát. Nom pl: ɨnk-ɨnyát. n. Peel, of a tree or fruit. The smooth ɛnk-ɨnyátɨ of a young tree can

be used for making rope. ɨnkɨnyát oó nkuashên potato peels. See: ɛnk-abobóki ‘Piece of bark’.

a-inyenyé [North]

v. 1 • [North]

To slowly become thinner and

thinner. 2 • [North] To become worse and worse. 3 • [Chamus] To shake. See: a-ipirripírr; a-ɨŋʉnʉŋʉ́n; a-igusigusíé; a-iseiseiye; a-ɨpɔ́sh; a-ɨkíj ‘To shake’.

a-inyeyíé

inyî

v.prog. 1 • To

gently shake sth. (eg. to awaken a sleeping person, a dusty cloth to discern the amount of dust in it). 2 • To shake so as to make sth. stand (typically a living thing). 3 • To shake sth. until sirred up (eg. sediments in water). See: ainyenyíé ‘To shake’. Nom pl: ínyī. pn.psr. Second

person plural possessive pronoun. Ɛt́ áá apá nɨnyɛ́ ɛnkâŋ ínyī. It has become your home.

Olkékún lâŋ táatá peê eokishó inkíshu olinyî tááisére. It is our turn today for our cows to drink (water) and tomorrow is yours. (Pk).

a-ɨnyiaak ́ [North]

v. 1 • [North]

To give back to the giver sth. given to you, usually out of anger. 2 • [North] To repeat sth.

a-inyiaarí v.dir v.mid. To go towards, move to. Ɛg ́rá ́ áadam inkíshú méínyiaari ɛnkáló naiŋúáa. The cows are being turned so they go towards the direction they came from. (Pk). See: a-ló ‘To go to’; a-ɨnyaaká ‘To return sth. to its container’.

a-inyiakʉ́ v. To bring back sth. that had already passed; relapse. ainyiakʉ́ emíón to bring pain back. a-ɨnyiakʉnyɛ́ 1 • To begin to ache again (a scar). 2 • To

remember sth. bad done to one's self and revisit it again. 3 • To get back to the former position. 4 • [North] To recur.

a-inyíál v. To destroy. Éínyíálári. a-inyialak ́ 1 • To destroy for. 2 • To

insert sth. wrongly.

a-ɨnyíáŋ v. To shop, buy, trade. a-ɨnyiaŋaá v.dir. 1 • To sell out, sell away. 2 • [North]

To buy.

a-ɨnyiaŋʉ́ To buy, purchase for one's self. a-ɨny ́g v.prog. 1 • To have dry heaves. Ɛɨnyɨg ́ta ɛnkɛráí. The child is having dry heaves. 2 • [North] To hiccup. See: a-yíóg ‘To hiccup’.

a-inyinyirú [North] have sweated. (S).

a-inyó

v.s. [North]

To sweat. Ká ́ny ́ny ́ra. I

Variant: a-inyíó. IMP.SG: ínyôô. In some suffixed forms:: inyot.

rise, get up. Ényeitó! Rise up! Néjokín ɛntásat, ""Ínyôô sií íyīē shɔ́mɔ." They told a woman, "Get up and go.". IMP.PL: ényeitó. v. 1 • To

wake up. Káínyo. I have woken up. (S, KS). Ínyô! Wake up! (KS). Keinoóto. He will wake up. (eg. he is still in bed) (S). See: a-inyototó ‘To wake up’. 2 • To

a-inyoyíé v.apl. To wake s.o. up. ɨnyɔ́ɔ ́ Nom sg: ɨnyɔ́ɔ. Acc pl: ɨnɔɔ́ nyɔ́ɔ.́ Nom pl: ɨnɔ́ɔ nyɔ́ɔ.́ pn.inter. Question

word used to inquire about what a listener has not understood from the conversation; what? [Speaker 1:] Ɛtarákɨ. [Speaker 2:] Ɨnyɔ́ɔ?́ [Speaker 1:] Ɔlásʉ́ráí. [Speaker 1:] It has been killed. [Speaker 2:] What? [Speaker 1:] A snake. See: á ́nyɔ̄ɔ ̄ ‘What?’.

a-ɨnyɔrɨnyɔ́r v. To taste. See: a-ɨshám ‘To taste’. a-inyototó [Purko]: a-inyiototó. PF; SUBJN: a-inyó, -nyo. v. 1 • To wake up, get up, arise. Kéínyotóto He will wake up. (eg. he is still in bed)(S). Ekáínyótóto adé. I will wake up later.

Nɛ́manáa taá tɔ lcáni omɛtábā ánaa néínyotóto oladúóó mʉrraní. So he went around the tree until the warrior woke up. Áínyo. I'll get up. (W). Áínyo. I have woken up. Ínyo Wake up!/Stand up! Ényeitó! Rise up! Néjokiní ɛntásat, "ínyô siî íyīē shɔ́mɔ." The woman was told, "Get up and go.". Kéínyotóto He will wake up. (eg. he is still in bed)(S). Óre naá táatá ɛlɛ̂ payîân néínyotóto nɛ́ ́tɔb ̂r ɛnkapʉt ́. Now this man planned to arrange marriage negotiations [for his daughter]. (Pk). 2 • To stand up. See: a-inyó ‘To rise, wake up’; a-inyeyíé ‘To awaken s.o.’.

a-ɨŋaaŋirró

v.mid. To

be in a confused state, not sure of what you

want to do. Míntóki aɨŋaaŋirró shɔ́mɔ á ́ áló nabô. Don't be confused (of where to go) just go to one side.

a-ɨŋác [North] interrupt’.

v. [North]

To balk.

See: a-ɨŋásh ‘To

doubt;

a-ɨŋád [North] v. To separate, go apart. a-ɨŋadíé 1 • To separate from. 2 • To

a-ɨŋadɛdɛ́

refuse from.

v. This

can indicate being positioned part-way between a sitting and standing position while trying to get up, standing on tip toes, or being perched precariously on a chair.To not be in a stable sitting or standing position. Kág ́ra aɨŋadɛdɛ́ matɔn ́ta aɨtɔbɨrak ́ amʉ̂ kétíī ɔlbɛnɛ́ olórika. I am not stably sitting down because there is a bag on the chair. Eɨŋádēdīā. He was part-way between a sitting and standing position. See: ajʉjʉmá ‘To squat’.

a-iŋadedíó [North] v.mid. [North] To stand on tiptoes. Káíŋádédie. I stood on tiptoes. (S). a-ɨŋaɨŋá ́ v. To worry; be anxious. Kɛ́ ́ŋa ́ŋaɨ ɔltʉ́ŋání ́ tenéjokiní, "Ɨyɛ." A person will be worried if he is told, "you

will die".

See: a-idiyiadí ‘To

be worried; anxious’.

a-ɨŋamɨŋám Variant: a-ɨŋɔmɨŋɔ́m. v.prog. To whisper. Ɛ́ ́ŋám ́ŋám ́ta réréí. He is talking softly; murmuring (S). See: a-ɨŋɔmɨŋɔ́n ‘To

a-ɨŋamɨŋám

v.prog. To

notch’.

whisper’.

notch repeatedly.

See: a-ŋám ‘To

make a

a-ɨŋamŋamá [North] v. [North] To whisper. a-ɨŋamŋamak ́ [North] [North] To whisper into s.o.'s ear. a-ɨŋancʉmá [North] v. 1 • [North] To be stranded. 2 • [North]

surprised’.

a-ɨŋantialá

To be surprised. See: a-iŋasíá ‘To be frightened;

be stranded. Áɨŋántíálɛ mayíólo ɛnáló. I am stranded, I don't know where to go.

a-ɨŋáŋ

v.mid. To

feint. aɨŋáŋ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ To pretend to hit the cow. 2 • To start but not finish sth. because of a mental realization or feeling about the matter. aɨŋáŋ oróréí To start but not finish what one is saying. v.prog. 1 • To

give a mock name. Néíŋaŋi á ́ árná. And they will give a trial name. 4 • [North] To rain for a short period. 3 • To

a-ɨŋaraná v.mid. To be stranded. a-ɨŋárr v.prog. To join forces in doing sth. to ensure success. Ɛɨ́ ŋárrâ ɨlɔɨŋɔ́k ááré ɔlɨkâ ̂. Two bulls joined forces to fight the other one. K ́ŋarrâ áainyiaŋʉ ɛngárri. We joined

forces to buy a car. This could involve pooling money in order to afford the car, or making the decision together to be more confident it is the best decision. See: a-iríám ‘To do simultaneously’.

a-ɨŋárr v. To join in the beating of s.o.; have an unequal fight. Á ́ŋárra. I joined in an unequal fight. (S). a-ɨŋasíá [̃àɪ ̀ŋàsɪ ́á - two nal moras] [North]: a-ɨŋasɨá. [Chamus]: a-ɨŋas ́á. PF: a-

ɨŋasíé. v.mid. To wonder; be astonished, amazed, surprised.

Etorikóki enkókó Naɨrɔ́bɨ nélo aɨŋasíá tɛ nkárak ́ oó nkájíjík sapúki. The grandmother was taken to Nairobi and she was surprised because of the big buildings. Á ́ŋásia (tááisére). I will be surprised (tomorrow). (W) [This verb form cannot co-occur with ŋolé 'yesterday'; compare with the following:]. K ́ŋasia tááisére. We will be surprised tomorrow. (W). K ́ŋasia ŋolé. We were surprised yesterday. (W). K ́ŋasíátɛ. We were surprised. (W). Ɛɨŋásie ɔlpáyian. The man has been surprised. Ɛɨŋásíáyíé ɔlpayíán enkítok. The man was surprised by the woman (eg., her conduct, appearance, etc.). Á ́ŋásie dúoó́ peê aɨnɛ́pʉ tɛ súkuul. I was surprised to find him at school. Káaɨŋasîâ. [káàyŋàsyâ] Something surprised me. (S). Ká ́ŋásie. I am amazed. (SN). Kɛ́ ́ŋásiete. They were surprised. (S).

a-ɨŋasiayíé

[West]: a-ɨŋasieyíé. To

astonish, surprise, make to

wonder. Ɛɨŋásíáyíé ɨltʉ́ŋánák ɛntɔnatá ɔ́ɔ lMáásâ ̂. The Maasai way of life surprises people. Áaɨŋasíáyie. He will surprise me.

a-ɨŋasiaɨshɔ́ To be astonished, wonder, marvel. ɔltʉŋáni ɔɨŋásiaɨshɔ a person who astonishes, surprises. a-ɨŋásh v. 1 • To doubt sth. 2 • To

not carry on sth. to the end; leave sth. before completion.

a-ɨŋashɨŋásh

1 • To

keep on doubting. 2 • To walk with legs apart.

a-ɨŋát v. 1 • To not be fit by (ie. outgrow, eg. clothes). Ɛ́ ́ŋat ɛnkɛ́ráí ɨná k ́lâ tɛ nɛ́bʉlʉ. That cloth will not fit the child when she grows up. (W). Káaɨŋatâ nkílā. I have outgrown these clothes. (S) (lit: These clothes have moved away from me.). K ́ŋáta nkílā. Your clothes aren't fitting you. (S). 2 • To

́ ́ŋáta be insuffient for (ie. go without one's share). Ɨk

nkítábu. You missed your share of the books. (S). aɨŋát ɛndáâ To miss food. Ɛɨŋátʉ inkirí é nkíné tɛ nɛ́ākʉ̄ kúmok ɨltʉŋanák. Goat meat will not be enough if people become (too) many. (W). Óre ɔlɛɨtʉ̂ étûm ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ, ɛɨŋat ́shɔ inkíshu... Now the one who did not get a cow, as cows fall short...

move away from. Ɛ́ ́ŋat ɨnkɛjɛ́k áainéí ɛnkɔ́p tɛ náípid. My legs will move away from the ground when I jump. Ɛɨŋátá ɛnkɛ́jʉ ɛnkɔ́p. The leg has lifted up from the ground (eg. when running). (W). Á ́ŋátie ɛnkɛjʉ́ áí ɛnkɔ́p. I will lift my leg from the ground. (W). 3 • To

a-ɨŋataá

outdistance. Ká ́ŋátáyie. I've not caught what I was going after. (S). Áaɨŋatayiokí. The people went and I was left behind. v.dir. 1 • To

run away from; flee. Á ́ŋátáa ɔlŋátúny. I will flee from the lion. (W). Á ́ŋátáyie ɔlŋátúny. I fled from the lion. (W). Nɛ́ ́nɛpʉ ɔltásat, néjo á ́rɔ́rɔ́k ́, nɛ́ ́ŋatáa. He caught up with an old man, and he tried to greet him, but he (the old man) fled from him. Tɛnákatá aké kipúō amʉ̂ kɛ́ ́ŋatáā iyíóók. We are going immediately because he will flee from us. Máapé tɛnákatá peê mɛ́ ́ŋátāā iyíóók adé. Let us go now so that he does not flee from us in the evening. (Pk). Ɛtʉshʉrtári doí n ́nyɛ ɨlɔ̂ ashé aɨŋataá ɨlkʉlîê. That calf has leapt away to flee from others. (Pk). Ɛg ́rá ́ áaipuk áaɨŋataa é mperî. The people are busy fleeing from the famine. (Pk). Ɛg ́ra enkóílií apɛrá aɨŋataá ɔlŋátúny. The gazelle is running very fast fleeing from the lion. (Pk). 2 • To

a-ɨŋatɨk ́ v.apl. To fall short of sth. Áaŋatikíá ɛɨlatá ɛ́ ngári ɛ́ ́tʉ̂ abáya Nairobi I fell short of the car's fuel before I reached Nairobi (i.e the fuel got finished before I reached

Nairobi).

a-ɨŋataríé To move away with sth. ahead of. áa-ɨŋatarʉ v.mid v.dir. To move away from each other. a-ɨŋatíé v.apl. 1 • To take the greater share of s.o.; hog. 2 • To

take away ahead of.

cause to flee from. Áaɨŋatie ɔlŋátúny. He will make me flee from the lion. (W). Áaɨŋatíé ɔlŋátúny ŋolé. He made me flee from the lion. (W). 3 • To

a-ɨŋatɨshɔ́ v.apass. Á ́ŋát ̄shɔ̄ nanʉ́. I will flee. (W). a-ɨŋatɨŋataá v.dir. To keep on moving away from. áa-ɨŋatɨŋata To follow each other with a space in between. Ɛɨŋat ́ŋātā ɨlmʉ́rrân ɛjɨŋʉ́ ɛnkáŋ. The warriors follow each with a space in between them as they enter into the home.

a-ɨŋɛ́rr [North] v. [North] To pity, have mercy on. a-ɨŋɛrrʉ́ [North] v.dir. [North] To pity, have mercy on. a-ɨŋ ́n v. To limp. a-iŋirít v.prog. 1 • To drag, pull sth. 2 • To

scrape sth. by pulling a rough object on its surface. aiŋirtít ɛnkɨlâ tɔɔ́ lk ́kʉ To scrape /scratch the cloth with thorns.

a-iŋirtitoó To pull away. a-ɨŋ ́s [North] v. [North] To make patterns on a surface (eg. the sole of a shoe).

a-ɨŋɔdɛ́ v.prog. 1 • To stare mostly without speaking. Ɛɨŋɔd ́ta ɨltɔmíá. He/she/ it is staring at the elephants. 2 • To

rebuke, warn sternly, rebuke.

stare at with hatefull eyes; glare. Ɛg ́ra ilpáyianí áaiŋodia. The men are glaring at each other (ie. they want to 3 • To

fight each other). See: a-ɨŋɔ́r ‘To look at’.

a-ɨŋɔɨŋɔ́ ́

move slowly in a twisting motion; wiggle. Restrict: Animate. This is a slow and twisted motion, such as made by a worm. It can also refer to any slight movement made by a big animal, when it is a sleep or almost dying. See: ɔl-aiŋóiŋói ‘Type of worm’.

a-ɨŋɔ́l

v.prog. To

v. 1 • To

stir a liquid; agitate. 2 • [North] To comb (a place) in search of sth.; search thoroughly.

a-ɨŋɔlɨŋɔ́l 1 • To stir a liquid or a thick substance. aɨŋɔlɨŋɔ́l oloshoró To stir porridge. 2 • To

a-ɨŋɔlá

keep stirring, stir constantly. 3 • To disturb the public peace; be loud and rough; be rowdy. aɨŋɔlɔŋɔ́l olórere To disturb the people's peace. aɨŋɔlɨŋɔ́l nkugwána To 'stir up' a meeting; cause chaos in a meeting to try to stop it (S). v. 1 • To

be playful. 2 • To have duties in lots of places; travel a lot to take care of responsibilities; be peripatetic. 3 • To be unstable. The unstability is a matter of fact, and can be good or bad.

a-ɨŋɔlɨŋɔ́l

v. 1 • To

stir a liquid, or a thick substance like porridge. 2 • To stir people up; be roudy, rile up.

a-ɨŋɔlɨŋɔ́l nkugwána To 'stir up' a meeting; cause chaos in a meeting to try to stop it.

See: a-ɨŋɔ́l ‘To

stir’.

a-ɨŋɔmɨŋɔ́m v. To whisper. áa-ɨŋɔmɨŋɔma To whisper together. a-ɨŋɔmɨŋɔmak ́ To whisper to s.o. See: a-ɨŋamɨŋamá ‘To whisper’.

a-iŋoŋú v. To inhale the odor of sth. close to one's nose; smell. Ɛg ́ra oldîâ aiŋoŋú ɛmpɔ́pɔk. The dog is smelling the

odor of the carcass. Syn: a-ɨsʉmataá ‘To inhale the odor of; smell’. See: a-iŋuayá ‘To smell’.

a-ɨŋɔpá [North] v.mid. [North] To be out of sight, unnoticed. a-ɨŋɔpʉ́ v. To lag behind. Syn: a-isiadʉ́ ‘To remain’. ɔ-ɨŋɔ́pua n. Remnant (lit: the one that lagged (or left) behind). See: a-ɨŋɔpʉ́ ‘To

lag behind’.

a-ɨŋɔ́r In some suffixed forms; PF; SUBJN: -ɨŋʉr(r). v.prog. 1 • To look at or after. Ká ́ŋɔ́r ́ta nkálámu. I'm looking at the pen. (S). Áaɨshɔɔ́ náají ɔlashʉmpáí ɛntarubíni ɛnyɛ́ maɨŋórie iltomíá oóokito ɛnkárɛ́. The European gave me his binoculars to observe elephants drinking water. Á ́ŋʉ́ra asɨpʉ́ olêŋ ajó ḿmɛ nɨnyɛ́ ɨlɔ̂. I have scrutinized him to ensure that he is ́ not the one. Ɨŋʉrá siî íyíé ɛldɛ̂ mʉ́rráni óyiap tenélo. Look at that warrior who walks hastily and springingly. Áaŋɔrɨtâ nkúusîn. The cats are looking at me. (S).

care for, look after. Ká ́ŋɔ́r ́ta inkíshú. I'm looking after cows. 3 • To see. See: a-dɔ́l ‘To see’. 4 • To search out using the mind. 2 • To

a-ɨŋɔrá

face towards one-another. to a challenge’.

a-ɨŋɔraá

v.mid. To

See: a-ɨr

́sh ‘To face-up

v.dir. This

does not mean physically looking upwards.To go and look at sth.; go and check on in order to find; look through things in order to find sth.; "look up".

a-ɨŋɔrʉ́ v.dir. To look for. Etíī ɨnkɛ́râ enkigúran tiáúluo áaiŋoruno. The children are playing hide-and-seek outside the kraal. Nɛ́ra intókitin nílō aɨŋɔrʉ́ oŋúán. The things you are going to look for are four. Ɛt́ áá kíŋórua ɛmp ́d ́ŋ. You have looked for the back of my neck. (KS). Ká ́ŋɔ́rʉ enkóítóí nátúmíé iropiyianí. I'll look for a way to get the money.

a-ɨŋɔrʉŋɔrʉ́ To keep on looking for sth. a-iŋuaá Variant: a-iŋúár. [North]: ɨŋʉaá. [Chamus]: ɨŋʉáá. v. 1 • To leave, leave alone, leave behind. Kéíŋúaa entitó ɛnkáŋ ɛnyɛ̂ nélo mɛ́yamɨ. A girl will leave her home and go to be married. (Pk). Áítúŋúāā ɛnɛshál arík énétóyíó. I will

make him/her leave (the place) that is wet and go to that which is dry. (Pk). Tɔ́bɔɨnʉ́ ɛldɛ̂ áshê tárâ níŋúáá ɔlɔ́ ́bɔ̄r. [tàrà] Bring that spotted calf and leave the white one. (Pk). Etuŋúáyie apá entitó ɛnkáŋ ɛnyɛ̂ nélo mɛ́yamɨ. The girl had left her home and gone to be married. (Pk). Etuŋúáyie inkíshú ɨnâ kítok nɛ́mɛ́áta ɛlʉ́kʉ́nyá. That irresponsible woman has left the cows. (W). Etuŋúáyiokí kʉlɛ́ naáyiará mɛtádokú. The milk that is boiling has been left to spill over. (Pk). Kɛ́tʉ́ŋáyie. He has left it alone. (S). come from. Ɛg ́rá ́ áadam inkíshú mɛ́ ́nyiari ɛnkáló naiŋúáa. The cows are being turned so they go towards the direction they came from. Káji eiŋúaa? Where does he come from? Néjokí, "Káji íŋúāā?" Néjokí, "Ká ́m ́na dúóó." He said to him, "Where do you come from?" He answered, "I was lost.". Nájó ádɔ́l kóre ɨmbáa kúmok néíŋúaa embólúnotó e oŋúán. I saw that a lot of items [questions on an exam] came from chapter four. (W). 2 • To

a-ɨŋuak ́ v.dat. [North] To let go of. áa-iŋuaro v.pl v.mid. To leave each other. See: a-pál ‘To leave’; alotú ‘To come (move toward)’; a-dúŋ síádí ‘To go to the opposite direction’.

a-iŋuayá v.dir. To sense the smell of sth. not close to your nose. Káíŋúáya nkírí náápejó. I smell roasted meat. (S). Áíŋúáyie esoŋoúna oó nkírí naápejitôî. I am smelling

an aroma of meat that is being roasted. (Pk). See: a-ŋóú ‘To have

the smell of sth. come to you’; a-ŋú ‘To stink’; a-iŋoŋú ‘To get the smell of sth.’.

a-iŋuɛɨk ́

[North]: a-iŋuaak .́ Variant: a-ŋʉɛk .́ v. 1 • To

let go, let loose of sth. one is holding. Túŋuɛk ́ oldîâ mekúɛ́ta. Let the dog run. bequeath; entrust to s.o., leave with. Kiŋúɛ́kɨ ɨntá ́ eseríánī. We leave peace with you (C). Kíŋúɛ́kɨ kʉnâ kɛ́ra ɨnká ́k inóno. We leave these children in your hands. (C). Eiŋúɛ́k ̄ ɔltásât ɔlayíóni lɛnyɛ́ inkíshú tɛnɛ́ ́rʉra The old man will bequeath/leave with his son the cows when he sleeps (dies). Kááíŋúɛ́k ́ ɛlɛ́ bɛ́nɛ́ táatá peê alotú ayá táaisére I will leave this bag with you today so that I come for it tomorrow. Kááíŋúɛ́k ́ ɛnâ kɨlá tɔrrɔ́nɔ̂ amʉ̂ mayíéú. I will leave this no-good cloth with you because I don't want it. See: a-ɨŋuaá ‘To leave alone’. 2 • To

a-ɨŋún v. To make a short, jerky motion. a-iŋuníé v.inst. To make sth. move in a short jerky motion. a-ɨŋʉnʉŋʉ́n v. To shake because of instability; rock; wiggle. For

example, a post, a tooth about to fall out, an insect -- but not of a person. Ɛg ́ra ɔlcáni aɨŋʉnʉŋʉ́n. The tree is shaking.

a-iŋunuŋuníé To shake, jerk, rock sth. See: a-ipirripírr; a-ɨpɔ́sh; a-igusugús; a-iseiseiyíé; a-inyenyíé; a-ɨkíj ‘To shake’.

a-ɨŋʉ́ny

v. 1 • To

utter a word of grumbling; complaining. 2 • [North] To hum.

a-ɨŋʉnyʉŋʉ́ny To keep on complaining; grumble quietly. Ɛɨŋʉnyʉŋʉny ́ta. He is grumbling quietly. ɔltʉŋáni ɔɨŋʉnyʉ́ŋʉny person who is grumbling, complaining habitually.

a-ɨŋʉnyʉ́ŋ 2 • To

v. 1 • To

reproach.

murmur, whisper, complain, grumble.

a-ɨŋʉnyʉŋʉ́ny [North] v. [North] To murmur. a-ɨŋʉ́r [Chamus]: ɨŋʉ́rr. v.subjn. To look at (subjunctive). See: a-ɨŋɔ́r(r) ‘To look at’.

a-ɨŋʉráá v.dir. [North]: a-ɨŋʉraá. 1 • To look at. Ág ́ra aɨŋʉráá ɨntarɛ́. I am checking for/looking at the sheep. (W). Á ́ŋúráa ɨntarɛ́. I will/Iˈm going to check on the sheep. (W).

find out. Ɛg ́ra iláyiok áatɛma áɨŋʉraa ajó kálɔ̂ ógol. The boys are trying each other to find out which is strong. See: a-ɨŋɔ́r ‘To look at’. 2 • To

a-iŋurríé

v.inst. 1 • To

2 • [West]

pity, feel mercy for, have compassion with.

To prefer, favor. Shɔ́mɔ ́rrɨtá inkíshú táatá;

íŋurríé Kónené amʉ̂ ɛɨrr ́ta inkíshú inkóloni kúmok. Go look after cows today; favor Konene (ie. help

him especially) because he has been looking after cows for so many days. (W). Áatiaká ŋolé maiŋúrrie Sárah. He told me yesterday to prefer Sarah. (W). Áíŋúrrie Sárah. I will prefer Sarah. (W). Áíŋúrrie ŋolé Sárah. I preferred Sarah yesterday. (W). See: ol-ŋûrr ‘Mercy’.

a-iŋusíl

v. To

smell’.

a-iŋuyúm

smell bad, stink, reek.

See: ol-ŋúsíl ‘Smell’; a-ŋú ‘To

v. To

make s.o. stay or sit temporarily for a rest or in wait of sth. aiŋuyúm ɔltʉŋáni To make a person rest. Íŋuyumó ɨnkɛ́ra to lóîp amʉ̂ ɛnaʉ́ratɛ. Make the children rest in the shade because they are tired.

a-iŋuyumó v.mid. To stay or sit temporarily for a rest or in wait of sth. Áíŋúyúmō to lóîp amʉ̂ ánáʉ́rɛ. I rest in the shade because I am tired. Áíŋúyúme ŋolé. I rested yesterday. Íŋuyumoyú! Rest / sit down! See: a-tɔ́n ‘To stay; sit down’. a-ɨɔtɨɔ́t [North]: a-ɨwɔtɨwɔ́t. v. To infect. Ɛg ́ra ɔlbáɛ aɨɔtɨɔ́t. The

wound is getting infected. (Pk).

a-ɨɔtɨɔtá

îp

be infected. Ká ́wɔtɨwɔ́tɛ. I have been infected. (S). This could be said when a wound swells after several days, it becomes pussy, the pain increases and the area affected widens. 2 • To become muddy. See: a-tír ‘to infect’. v.mid. 1 • To

ipkát tɔ́mɔ̂n thousand (lit: hundred times ten). îp tɔ́mɔ̂n kát îp aré [íp tɔ̀mɔ̀n kát ìp àré] two hundred

num. Hundred.

thousand (lit: ten hundren times two hundred).

íp nabô [North] [North] One hundred. ́p arɛ́ [North] [North] Two hundred. îp inkúyú num. Countless; more than can be counted. Îp inkúyú ɨlántɛ́rɛra lɔ́ s ́nyáí. The grains of sand are countless. ́pa [West]: ápa. greeting. Appropriate answer to sʉ́pa(ī). ́pa

See: íkó ‘Greeting

response from a woman’.

[West]: áápa. greeting. Appropriate

answer to sʉ́pa(ī); said by men, women, children. Áápa! Hello! (greeting response from a man) (W). See: íkó ‘Greeting response from a woman’.

a-ɨpaaŋʉ́ a-ɨpaayá

v. To

v. To

have diarrhoea.

send s.o. away to do or bring sth.; send on an ́ ŋáí íyie peê kímpááyā? Who are you to send errand. Ɨrá me (to get it)? [rude] (W). Áípááyie ɛnkɛ́ráí ɛndâ áŋ. I ́ have sent a child to that home. Ɨmpaáí. Send her/him. Áaipaakak ́ ɔlɔmɔ́nɨ. A visitor has been sent to me. ́ Manyɔ́r ɛnk ́páárotó. I don't like being sent. Ɨmpááká? Did you send her/him to him/her?

a-ɨpakʉ́ To send s.o. to. See: a-rɛ́ʉ́ ‘To send’; a-ɨrrɨwaá ‘To send’. a-ɨpác [North]1 v. [North] To churn (eg. butter). See: a-ɨpásh [North] ‘To churn’.

a-ɨpác [North]

v. [North]

To shake loose (eg. a tied-up goat).

a-ɨpacá [North]

v.mid. [North]

To move to and fro restlessly (eg. from one job to another). See: a-ɨpák ‘To wander aimlessly’.

a-ɨpadán v. Hit the target or goal, as intended. Ɛ́ ́padán ɔlmʉrraní ɔ́tɨl ɔlŋátúny The warrior who hit the lion is a "good shot". Ɛɨpádan ɨlɔ̂ mʉrraní ́nâ mótonyî. That warrior will precisely shoot that bird. (W). Ɛɨpádán ̄shɔ̄ ɨlɔ̂ mʉrraní That warrior is a sharp-shooter (always). (W). ɔltʉŋáni ɔɨpádan person who hits the target as intended. See: pádán ‘Skilled,

sharp-shooter’; a-tár ‘To be skilled’.

a-ɨpagʉ́ v. To have a nap. a-ɨpák Variant: a-ɨpa. v. 1 • To perform (any) dance. ɔlapá sínkólīō lɛ́ nk ́páátá, k ́mpakie apá k ́râ ɨlayíok. the old song for the dancing ceremony, we use it to dance when we were boys. 2 • To dance before a raid; march forward hopping in a traditional dance. 3 • [North] To go from one place to another; patrol. 4 • [North] To wander roaming aimlessly.

a-ɨpaá v.mid. To be dancing. a-ɨpakíé v.apl. To make dance. a-ɨpakɨpák v. 1 • To be restless, going form one place to another. 2 • To

a-ɨpáŋ

speak too much and not tell the truth.

exit. Níyoóki aɨpaŋíé entítō inó. Very early you will exit with your girl. Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aiwuaŋíé ɔltîm peê ɛɨpáŋ intárɛ. The woman is removing the (last of) the gate branches so that the goats/sheep may go. (Pk). v. 1 • To

́ reach final extent or termination point. Ɨncɨmɨshɨmákɨ aɨtɛrʉ́ ɔlkɨdɔŋɔ́ɨ ɔmɛshɔ́mɔ aɨpáŋ tɛ lʉkʉnyá. Pierce me starting from the tail up to the end of the head. (KS). 2 • To

a-ɨpaŋak ́

1 • To

appear to. 2 • [North] To advance on, arrive at. 3 • [North] To run into sth.

a-ɨpaŋʉ́ To come out; appear from. See: a-ipúŋ ‘To exit’; shɔmɔ ‘gone’.

a-ɨpaŋɨpáŋ

pant. 2 • To go out repeatedly.

a-ɨpár

v. 1 • To

question, ask, inquire. Ká ́pár ́ta lomón. I'm asking sth. (S). Ká ́par Leonard tanáa kélotú táísere. I will ask Leonard if he can come tomorrow. (S). Káypára. I have asked him. (S). Mpárá. Ask him! (S). See: a-ikilikúán ‘To ask’. v.prog. To

a-ɨparaá [North] inquiry.

v.dir. [North]

To trace a person through

a-ɨparak ́ [North] [North] To direct s.o. to. a-ɨparɨpár To interrogate, question constantly. a-ɨparʉ́ v.dir. To ask for one's self. a-ɨparraár v. To move about aimlessly. See: a-ló ‘To go’. a-ɨpásh [North] v. [North] To churn. See: a-ɨpɔ́sh ‘To churn’. a-ipashá [North] v. v. [North] To wander off due to mental

problems. This could be said of people or animals. 2 • v. [North] To not give up a fight that has been broken off; hold a grudge.

a-ɨpatɨpát

do things aimlessly with a lot of haste and not reasoning. This is commonly associated with a lot of talking, not thinking of what to say, and not minding about protocol. Meyíéú n ́mpat ́pat, tábarak ́ ɨmbáa. You don't need to do things aimlessly, do things with thoughtfullness.

a-ɨpɛɛ́j

v.prog. To

v. To

show off, display proudly, act ostentatiously or pretentiously. Ɛ́ ́pɛ́ɛj́ ʉ́nyɛ̂ ɨlmʉ́rrân ɛmányátá. Warriors

have walked ostentatiously into the ceremonial home. ɑɨpɛɛ́j osínkólio To sing ostentatiously. See: a-dɛɛ́ny ‘To act proud’; aɨtɔkɔɔ́s ‘To show off; flirt’; a-ŋɨdá ‘To be proud’; a-ɨká ‘To be suspended; puffed up’; a-ɨtaakunó ‘To pretend’.

a-ɨpɛɛjá a-ɨpɛɛjarí

v.mid. To

flirt.

v.dir v.mid. To

carefully’.

a-ipɛ́k1

v. 1 • To

a-ɨpɛ́k2

v. 1 • To

walk ostentatiously.

See: a-ɨkadɨkád ‘To

walk

coax or nag s.o. to continue a behavior.

2 • To

give an animal pain to make it care for its young. This is done on the rare occasion that an animal despises its young. In S, the method varies by the animal as follows: for cows, air is blown into the the birth canal. For goats, their tail is shoved tightly into the birth canal, and perhaps a strap is tied tightly in the mouth. For sheep, the mouth is tied tighly with a strap, and the animal is tethered, and not allowed to graze for a day or so. In Pk, this is done by putting salt into the birth canal of a cow, or putting salt on the young of a sheep or goat. See: ɛn-k ́tɛ́ŋ k ́pɛkɛ́ ‘calfless cow’. 2 • To

a-ɨpɛ́ny

jeer. Ɛ́ ́pɛk. He will jeer.

make a sound by blowing on your wrist.

v. 1 • To

press hard. 2 • [North] To keep on milking even when it seems the milk has stopped flowing from the cow's teats.

a-ɨpɛnyak ́ To milk for s.o. See: a-aarak ́ ‘To coerce; kill for’. a-ɨpɛrdɛ́d v. To tear into shreds. See: a-ɨpɛ́rr ‘To split sth.’; apɛrdɛ́d ‘To cut into shreds’.

a-ɨpɛrɛrɛ́

be on an elevated or high place. be on an edge (eg. of a cliff)’. 2 • [North] To be flat.

a-ɨpɛrɨpɛ́r

v. 1 • To

v. 1 • To

roll sth. over and over. 2 • To wallow. See: a-ɨpɛrrɨpɛ́rr ‘To roll sth.’.

See: a-ɨkarɛrɛ́ ‘To

a-ɨpɛrɨpɛrá

v.mid. 1 • To

lie on a bed with motive of not sleeping. 2 • To be restless in bed, toss, roll over and over, roll around.

a-ɨpɛrɨpɛraá v.dir. To roll sth. away. a-iperiperíé v.inst. To use sth. to roll sth. on the ground. enk-iperût n. Upper edge of the house where the roof joins the walls.

a-ɨpɛ́rr

split sth. aɨpɛrrʉ́ sóít to break off a piece of stone from a boulder (SN). Ká ́pɛ́rra. I have split it. (S). See: a-danyʉ́ ‘To split’; a-rɛ́k ‘To split’. Variant: ipér. v. To

a-ɨpɛrrɨpɛ́rr v.prog. To keep on splitting (eg. wood) into smaller pieces. Á ́pɛ́rr ́pɛ́rrɨta. I keep on splitting it. a-iperriperríé v.inst. To use sth. to split sth. a-ɨpɛrrɨpɛ́rr1 Variant: a-ɨpɛrɨpɛ́r. v.prog. 1 • To roll sth. on a horizontal surface. Á ́pɛ́r ́pɛ́rɨta. I am rolling it on top of a surface. 2 • To make sth. lie on a horizontal surface. aɨpɛrrɨpɛ́rr ɛnkɛ́ráí tɛ ndapásh To make the child lie on the bed. 3 • To take care of animals around the homestead. aɨpɛrrɨpɛ́rr ɨntaré tɛ aúluo To take care of the sheep around in (the vicinity of) the homestead. (Pk).

beat. Usage: Metaphorical. Nɛ́ ́pɛrɨpɛrr ́ ɛnkayíóni naɨmal ́mala. A boy that has erred was beaten. 4 • To

5 • [North]

To split into pieces. See: a-ɨpɛ́rr ‘To split sth.’; aɨpɛrrɨpɛ́rr ‘To roll sth.’.

a-ɨpɛrrɨpɛ́rr2 v.prog. To keep on splitting (eg. wood) into smaller pieces. Á ́pɛ́rr ́pɛ́rrɨta. I keep on splitting it. a-iperriperríé v.inst. To use it to split. a-ipíd v.prog. 1 • To jump up and quickly land back onto a supporting surface. Note: A-ipíd is appropriate for the actions of monkeys from one tree to another, a person who almost stepped on a snake, etc

Éípid. He will jump. É ́pid ɛntárgéetî tɔɔ́ nkʉj ́t A grasshopper keeps on jumping in the grass. Éípídó ɔlmʉrraní arisioré encani The warrior has jumped to the height of a tree. Áípídíto. I am jumping. Átódúaa ɔyɛ́kɛny oipidíto tɔɔ́ lkeék. I have seen a baboon jumping from tree to tree. Ímpidó. Jump! (W). Usage: In K, a-ipíd is the hypernym for at least a- ́d, a-itiám, a-dʉmʉ́, a-igís, and a-láŋ.. See: acʉtʉnyɛ́; a-ɨdɨɨdá [North] ‘To jump’; a-dookí ‘To jump into’; adʉmʉ́; a-igís ‘To jump, as in dance’; a- ́d ‘To jump over’; a-ɨpɨr ́ [North] ‘To jump, as in dance’; a-itíám ‘To hop, jump to different spot’; a-ɨt ́r ‘[North] To jump a long distance’; a-láŋ ‘To step or jump over’; a-ŋoró ‘[North] To jump’. change one's mind after an agreement. Ímpidó m ́nyɔrráa aké aás ́nâ. You need to change your mind, don't agree to do that. 3 • [North] To struggle loose. 2 • To

a-ipidokí To jump for, to, on. Eipídōkī olówuaru ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. The beast will jump on a cow. Áaipidóki. He is jumping on me.

a-ipidipíd To jump repeatedly. a-ɨp ́d [North] v. [North] To straighten. a-ɨpɨdá [North] v.mid. 1 • [North] To be straight physically. 2 • [North]

To be upright morally. 3 • [North] To be clear, understandable. 3 • [North] To be confirmed, attested.

a-ɨpɨdak ́ [North]

v.dat. 1 • [North]

a-ɨpɨdar ́ [North]

1 • [North]

To steer toward. 2 • [North] To speak clearly, forthrightly.

a-ipiíp

2 • [North]

To be straight.

To go straight.

be in flames. Eipiipíto ɛnk ́ma. The fire is burning. Ɛg ́ra ɔlchátā aipiíp. The stick/firewood is v.prog. Restrict: fire. To

burning.

See: a-yupuyúp ‘To

be in flames’; a-péj ‘To burn; roast’.

a-ɨp ́k v. To protrude, stick out; sprout. Ɨlálá aáre ɔɔ́ ́pɨkʉ bɔɔ́ ɛáta olbitír. A warthog has two tusks that project conspicuously outside. (Pk).

a-ɨpɨkʉ́ To extend out, project outward. Ɛɨp ́kʉ. It will sprout. Ɛɨp ́kʉ ɨlalá lólbītīr. The teeth of the warthog extend out.

See: a-bʉ́l ‘To

increase, sprout’.

coil; twist. Ɛ́ ́pɨl inkítuaak ɨnkɔɨpɨlaní. Women coil beaded-necklaces. 2 • To initiate a clever deceptive manouvre intended to oppose sth. Ɛɨpɨl ́ta ɔltásât ɨmbáa ɔ́lcámpa amʉ̂ meyíéú nɛ́ɨmákɨn ́. The old man is indirectly opposing the issues about the land because he doesn't want them discussed.

a-ɨp ́l

v. 1 • To

a-ɨpɨlá v.mid. Variant: a-ɨpɨrá. 1 • To be coiled; twisted. Kɛ́ ́p ́la ɛná ɔɨpɨláí aɨtɔbɨrak ́. This coiled beaded necklace has been coiled properly. 2 • To have a clever deceptive maneuver to derail a certain action. See: a-mɛrrɛgɛ́l; a-mɛrrɛgɛlá ‘To twist’; ɛnk-ɔ́ ́p ́láí ‘A coiled beaded ornament’.

a-ɨpɨlɨp ́l v. 1 • To thrive; flourish. Kɛ́ ́pɨl ́pɨl imbenék óō lkeék tɛnɛ́sha The leaves from trees will flourish when it rains. 2 • To

twist repeatedly. 3 • To flash, flicker, shine from reflected light.

a-ipím

v. To

a-ɨp ́r1

v.prog. 1 • To

measure, weigh. tɛ́m ‘To measure’.

Borrowed word: Swahili

pima 'measure'. See: a-

́ face. Ɨmpɨrá Karen. Face towards Karen.

head in a certain destination, go towards. Ɛshɔmɔ́ aɨp ́r oldóínyó. He went towards the hill. (W). Á ́p ́r ́ta ídía áló ɛ Tanzania. I am heading to Tanzania. 2 • To

3 • To

be directly overhead. Restrict: Sun. Ɛ́ ́pɨr ɛnkɔ́lɔŋ. It is

midday. (lit: The sun is up above.).

aim, direct sth. Ɛtaŋoróyie ɛnkáyíóní eremét aipiríé ɔlcaní. The boy has thrown the spear towards the tree. Eipiríé ɔláíyíóní eremét enetií ɔltɔ́mɛ́ káke ɛɨtʉ́ eŋoróo. The boy aimed the spear in the direction the elephant is, but he did not throw it. (W). 5 • [North] To chase for a along time, without catching. Káɨpɨrá ltɔmɛ́. The elephant chased me a long time (but didn't catch me.) (S). 6 • To concern. 7 • To confront. 4 • To

a-ɨpɨrarɛ́

be concerned with; responsible for. 2 • To be direct to; opposite to. 3 • To be directly behind sth. such that one is not visible.

a-ipiríé

1 • To

1 • To

direct to; aim with. 2 • To exchange with.

a-ɨpɨrʉ́ To direct towards the point of reference. See: a-ɨpɨrtá ‘To a-ɨp ́r2

be concerning’; a-ipiríé ‘To aim with’; a-m ́r ‘To chase’. Variant: a-ɨp

́rr. v.prog. 1 • To roll a stick rapidly between the palms of the hand; stir vigorously. Ɛɨp ́r ́ta pápaáí inkiwúó. My father is stirring the soup. (W). This is done by rotating a stick attached to a wide piece of wood between the palms. Ɛɨp ́r ́ta kʉlɔ̂ páyianí ɛnk ́má. These men are making fire. Ɛɨp ́r ́ta ɛnk ́má. They are making a fire by rotating sticks rapidly between the palms. (W). aɨpɨrrɨp ́rr To continue the palm action for an extended period of time. See: ɔl-k ́pɨrɛ ‘Whisk’. 2 • [North] To rub sth. folded inside a cloth between the palms of the hands, in order to break or mix it well (eg. red ocher). Note: A similar word is found in Oromo (Boranaa, Orma, Waata lects), kibirre 'stick used to stir milk into butter' (Stroomer 1987:344). It is uncertain in which direction the borrowing took

place.

a-ɨpɨrá [North]

To whirl. 2 • [North] To be wild, out of control.

a-ɨpɨrarɛ́

v.mid. 1 • [North]

v.mid v.inst. 1 • To

be opposite.

stand behind sth. Ɛɨp ́rarɛ oyékenyî ɔlcaní nɛ́ākʉ̄ moókīrē itumóki atodúaa. The baboon has moved behind the tree so you can no longer be able to see it. 2 • To

a-ipirdán [North]

To play. 2 • [North] To run around aimlessly, as a young child or calf. 3 • To do things carelessly, jokingly, flippantly. See: a-ipirrár ‘To run around aimlessly’; a-dalá ‘To play, to joke’.

a-ɨpɨr ́ [North]

v. 1 • [North]

v. [North]

To jump; jump during dancing. See: aigís ‘To jump, as in dancing’; a-dʉmʉ́; a-itíám; a- ́d; a-ipíd ‘To jump’.

a-ipiríé v. To send sth. in a particular direction (lit: to aim with). Impírīē nkíshú ni. Send the cows in that direction. (S). See: a-ɨp

́r ‘To aim’.

a-ipirinyaány [North]

v. [North]

To have a taste or effect that makes the tongue become rough (e.g. such as caused by unripe fruits or chewing the peel of certain fruits).

a-ipiripír v. 1 • To shake off (eg. dust from a cloth). Áípírípíríto ɔlkáráshá. I am shaking off (the dust from) the sheet. 2 • [North]

shake’.

To shake the head from side to side. See: a-ɨpɔ́sh ‘To

a-ipiripiroó

shake off from. aipiripiroó entérít To shake off the dust.

a-ipiripirú

v.dir. To

empty (eg. a flour sack of its contents). Note: For SN (sl), this is clearly a "weak" or single r and +ATR. He does not have a non-reduplicated form *fv:a-ipír (nor *fv:a-ipírr)

a-ipirís

v.dir. To

v.itr. To

give willingly and freely.

a-ipirisíē To give willingly and freely. a-ɨpɨrtá v. 1 • To be about; concerning. Ékíiyíéú siî níkiyiolóu ɨndamunót ɔɔ́ lMáásâ ̂ ánaa oltúrrúr tɔɔ́ ɨmbáâ náaɨpɨrta empúkúnotó ɔ́ ltʉŋáni. We also want to learn

about how Maasai people as a group think about character. (lit: We also want to know thoughts of the Maasai as a group about issues concerning type of person.). 2 • To aim at. See: a-ɨp ́r ‘To face’.

a-ɨpɨrʉ́

v. 1 • To

invent; originate. 2 • To make fire with firesticks; kindle. See: a-ɨp ́rr ‘To stir vigorously’. 3 • To sift by beating a powder on a cloth with a club, over another cloth, such that the fine, soft powder falls through. This is done to ochre, which is then used for beads and warriors' hair. Ká ́pɨrʉ́ta. I'm beating the ochre. See: -núá ‘To kindle fire’; aɨnɔ́k ‘To kindle fire’; mpíróí ‘firemaker’.

a-ipiruníé [North]

v.dir v.mid. [North]

one main vertical trunk.

a-ipirrárr

To grow straight up with

run around aimlessly, like a child or calf; frolic, skip. Kɛ́ ́pɨrrarr ́ta láshaʉ. The calves are jumping around. (SN). 2 • To fly up, jump up. See: a-ipirdán ‘To run around aimlessly’.

a-ipirrí

v. 1 • To

v. gallop.

run fast; gallop. Áípírri. I am running. (W). Ímpírri. You are running. (W). Kímpirri. We are running. (W). Ímpírrírri. Y'all are running. (W). Eipírri. They are running. (W). Áípírrīō ŋolé. I ran yesterday. (W). Ímpírrīō ŋolé. You ran yesterday. (W). Eipírrīō ŋolé. He ran yesterday. (W). Eipírrieitô ŋolé. They ran yesterday. (W). Ímpírríó tɔ́tɔ́naǃ Because you have run sit down! (K) Run and sit! (W). 1 • To

Ímpirríó ́yaʉ́ ɛnkárɛ́! [ḿpìríó] Go and get water quickly! Eipírríó osíkíria aló áŋ. The donkey galloped home. Ɛáta ɨná kɛráí ɛlʉ́kʉnyá amʉ̂ eipírríó sokóni néshukúnye eitu elo aɨmalɨmál. That child is responsible because she ran to the market and returned without going to goof off. (W). Áípírri tɛ́nakatá. I am running right now. (W). Áípírríó aɨlány ɛncán. I ran away from rain. See: a-kúɛ́t ‘To run away’; a-ɨŋát ‘To run away’; a-ɨs ́k ‘To escape’. 2 • [North] To run a short distance. fly. Eipírríó emótonyî. The bird flew away. See: a-ló ti aí ‘To fly’; a-itiamá ‘To fly’. 3 • To

4 • To

flinch; be unable to bear the pain of the knife during ́ íɛ́ŋ ɨlaɨbarták ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ te néípirri circumcision. Ɛy oláyíóní. The newly circumcised men will slaughter a cow when the boy cannot bear the pain of being circumcised. 5 • [North] To jump up and down (as in dancing).

a-ɨpɨrrɨk ́ [North] 2 • [North]

a-ipirripírr

v.dat. 1 • [North]

To charge at sth.

To run toward s.o. quickly.

shake an item so as to remove sth. from it (dirt, liquid, etc.), shake off; empty by shaking. aipirripír ɨnkɨlání aaraá entérít To shake off the dust from the cloth. Kéípiripírō. He shook himself. (eg. an animal shaking itself dry) (S). 2 • To change for the better (lit: to shake off the bad). Kéípiripíre. He was bad, but became good. (S). This could be said of a thin/healthy contrast, as well as a moral one. See: a-ɨpɔ́sh; a-ɨŋʉnʉŋʉ́n; a-igusugusíé; a-iseiseyíé ‘To shake’.

ipkát tɔ́mɔ̂n

v.prog. 1 • To

[ìpkát tɔ̀mɔ̀n] num. Thousand

See: ɛn-catá ‘Thousand’.

a-ɨpɔɨpɔ́ ́

(lit: hundred times ten).

v. To

handle an animate but vulnerable creature lightly ́ and carefully so as not to damage it. Ɨmpɔɨpɔyá ɛnkɛ́ráí kɨt ́. Handle the little baby with great care.

a-ɨpɔɨpɔyʉ́ 1 • To nurture. Nɛ́ ́pɔɨpɔyʉn ́ ɛnkɛ́ráí mɛtʉ́bʉlʉ́. So the child is cared for with great care so that she grows up.

́ bring carefully. Ɨmpɔɨpɔyʉ́ ɛnkɛ́ráí ́yakákɨ. Bring the child carefully to me. See: a-ramát ‘To take care of’. 2 • To

a-ipók v. 1 • To cleanse ritually, purify. Kéípok inkítuaak ɛnkají natoíshore enkítok peê étûm ɨlpáyianí áatɨjɨŋ. Women ritually clean a house used for delivering [a baby] by a woman so that men could get in. Éípok. He will cleanse ritually. Áípok. He will cleanse ritually. (W).

2 • [North]

To paint a calabash or hide with charcoal to make it look black.

a-ipók n-kají To ritually cleanse the house. a-ipók nk-ɔ́shɛkɛ To nurture a sick person by giving a-ɨpɔ́k

specialized foods. v. 1 • To

2 • [North]

wound by stabbing.

To jab. Kɛ́ ́puaa. He has jabbed it. (S).

a-ipokú v.vent. To wipe water off a surface. aipokú ɛnkárɛ́ natíī ɛndápásh to wipe off water that is on the bed. a-ɨpɔlɔsá v.mid. To recite by giving an account describing incidents

or events. This is done by warriors who are in the meat-eatingcamp in the bush. One warrior at a time will wake up at dawn and walks out of the camp and starts recital describing what they have gone through, their triumphs.

ɛn-kɨpɔlɔ́sa

warriors.

n. Recital

made in the meat-eating-camp by

a-ɨpɔ́ny v. To knock against, bump into, push. Ɛ́ ́pɔ́nyá oldîâ láí ɛngárrî. A car has bumped into/hit my dog. (PK). The dog could be dead as a result.

Usage: See

usage note at a-ósh.

a-iponyíé To make things knock one another. See: a-ilúg; a-óc; aa-ɨpɔ́ŋ

ósh; a-náŋ ‘To hit’; a-ikúm ‘To hit, ram’. v.prog. To

overfill the stomach. the stomach)’.

See: a-poŋú ‘To

be overfull (in

churn, shake (esp. milk). Ɛ́ ́pɔsh. He will churn. Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aɨpɔ́sh kʉlɛ́. The old woman is churning the milk. (Pk). Ɛɨ́ pɔsh ́ta ɛntásât kʉlɛ́. The old lady is shaking milk. This is done to milk four or five days old, after it has curdled. Ká ́pásh ́ta kʉlɛ́. I'm shaking milk. (S).

a-ɨpɔ́sh

[North]: ɨpásh. v.prog. 1 • To

move sth. from one place to another. Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aɨpɔ́sh ɛnkɛ́ráí kɨt ́. (i) The woman is shaking the little 2 • To

child. (Pk) (ii) The woman is taking the little child from one place to another. (K). Ɛshɔmɔ́ dúóó ɔlmórúô aɨpɔ́sh ɔlɨkâ ̂. The old man has taken the other one around moving from place to place. (Pk). For a human patient, the idea in K, Pk is that the patient is moved from one place to another without rest. In S, a-ɨpɔ́sh can to be done only to milk, either churning or homogenizing it. This may be done when the milk has sat for a long time, such that it blocks the opening of the gourd. After shaking, it pours more easily. Etymology: Proto-Lotuko-Maa *-(ɪ)pɔt- 'churn' (v.) (Vossen 1982ː346).

a-ɨpɔshá v.mid. 1 • To heave like a lake. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkárɛ aɨpɔshá tɨ átua ɛnaɨpɔ́sha. The water is heaving in the lake. (Pk). 2 • To move from place to place; restless. aɨpɔshá ɑɨŋɔrʉ́ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ naɨmɨná To go from place to place looking for a lost sheep.

a-ɨpɔshɨpɔ́sh To churn repeatedly. See: ɛ-naɨpɔ́sha ‘Lake’; aa-ipót

ipiripír ‘To shake off’; a-ɨŋʉnʉŋʉ́n; a-igusugús; a-iseiseiyíé; ainyenyé; a-ɨkíj ‘To shake’. v.prog. 1 • To

call, beckon, summon. This may be used even for calling s.o. on the telephone if you're asking them to come. Éípot. He will call. Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aipót ɛnkɛ́ráí meyêû ají. The woman is calling the child to come to the house. (Pk). Áípótíto. I am calling him/her. Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aipót Námʉ́nyák peê élô ayaʉ́ ɛsʉkári. The old lady is calling Namunyak [who is far away] to go and bring sugar. Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aipót Námʉ́nyák peê élô ayá ɛsʉkári. The old lady is calling Namunyak [who is far away] to go take sugar [to somewhere else]. Néípoti ɛnapá áŋ áajoki, "óotú." The previously-mentioned family is called and told, "Come.". Eipótu. He will call towards (s.o.). name, give a name to. Óre peê eipotíéki ɔltʉŋáni ɔláísíááyiani When a person is named after a servant (C). 2 • To

a-ipotokí To call (peopl) for some purpose. a-ipotoó To call loudly or far for s.o. to come to the point of reference (eg. where the caller is). Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aipotoó ɛnkɛ́ráí mɛshɔ́mɔ aɨrɔrɔk ́ mɛ́nyɛ́. The old woman is

calling (out to) the child to come and greet her (the child's) father. (Pk) [The old lady and the father are together, but the child is far away, either within calling distance or in a distant city. The old lady could be sending s.o., or call via raising her voice. In any case, the child is being called to come to where the old lady is.].

a-ipotú(n) To call towards the point of reference. Compare: Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aipót ɛnkɛ́ráí meyêû enetíī. The old

woman is calling the child toward herself (ie. toward the old woman). (Pk). Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aipotú ɛnkɛ́ráí mɛshɔ́mɔ aɨrɔrɔk ́ mɛ́nyɛ́. The old woman is calling the child to go and greet her (the child's) father. [The child could be near or far away, and the calling may be loud or soft. The old lady and the father are together and the child is being called to come to where the old lady is.].

a-ɨpɔ́t v.prog. To fill sth. Mɛɨpɔt ́ta. She is not filling it up. (W). a-ɨpɔyʉpɔyʉ́ Variant: a-ɨpɔyɨpɔyʉ́. In some suffixed forms: a-ɨpɔyʉpɔyʉ́n. v. v. To

handle carefully.

raise. Nɛ́ ́pɔyʉpɔyʉn ́ táatá namna hii áâ nɨnyɛ́ aké ɔpɛ́ny So its brought up like this her being alone. 2 • v. To

a-ipúk v. 1 • To flee. Éípuk. He will flee. Ɛg ́rá ́ áaipuk áaɨŋataa é mperî. People are fleeing from the famine. (Pk). 2 • To hurry. Míkíntókī aipukíé amʉ̂ ɛ́tɔ́n aáta esíáai. Stop hurrying because I still have work to do. (Pk).

a-ipukokí To flee to. a-ipukíé To put to flight, cause to flee. Ɛg ́rá ́ áaipukie inkíshú mɛ́nya ilowuarák. The people are putting the

cows to flight so that the lions will not eat them. (Pk).

a-ɨpʉnʉká

v. To

be excessively full due to overeating. pʉ́nʉ́ká ‘One of the stomachs of a cow’.

See: ɔl-

a-ipúŋ Variant: a-ɨpáŋ. v. To go out, go out from, exit, leave. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí aipúŋ aló bɔɔ́. The child is going out (from the house) to the outside. (Pk). Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aipúŋ tɛ idîâ áji. The man is going out from that house. (Pk). aipúŋ aló To get out (lit: to exit to go).

a-ipuŋokí, a-ipaŋak ́ To appear to. a-ipurdék v. To do sth. accidentally. See: a-otikí ‘To do intentionally’.

a-ɨpʉ́rj

v.prog. 1 • To

mix liquid and powdery substances together (eg. water and maize meal for ugali, water and soil to make mud, water and cement powder, eggs and sugar). Ɛ́ ́pʉ́rj ́ta ɛnkárɛ́ ɔ́ entérít peê émúrîê ɛnkají. [ɛ̀ŋkáɾɛ́ wéntiɾit] She is mixing water and soil to plaster the house with. 2 • To mix people of different backgrounds or cultures together; integrate. Usage: slang. See: a-ɨtʉshʉ́l; a-kúr ‘To mix’.

a-ipúrr v.prog. 1 • To roar; bellow; growl. Ɛg ́ra olŋatúny aipúrr tɔ lkɛ́jʉ. The lion is roaring at the river. (Pk). Ɛg ́ra ɔlɔ́ ́ŋɔ́n ́ aipúrr tɛ bɔ́ɔ. The bull is bellowing to the outside. (Pk). Kéípúrróto. He is roaring. (S). This can be done by a warrior who has just returned to society.

bluff; speak with empty words. aipúrr pɛ́shɔ To speak about sth. and not do anything by actions. 2 • To

speak authoritatively. Nɨnyɛ́ ɛgɛlʉ́n ̄ méípurrokí oloshô lɛnyɛ́. He is the one to be elected to speak to and on behalf of his section (of people). 3 • To

a-ipurrupúr

v. 1 • To

let sth. fall to the ground so that it gets smeared with soil. 2 • To wrestle s.o. down to the ground. Usage: metaphorical.

3 • To

keep on roaring.

a-ipurupurorí To roll down. a-ipurupuríé ɛnkʉ́tʉ́k To oil one's mouth by eating an oily

substance (especially meat) (lit: to use it to soil the mouth).

a-ɨpûs ɔ́ŋʉ

have a bad, diseased eye (lit: to be lightcolored the eye). Kɛ́ ́pʉs-ɔ́ŋʉ alɛ́ tʉŋáni. This man has an eye problem/has a bad eye. (SN). The eye problem is likely permanent and is visible to others.

a-ɨpʉsá

v.phrase. To

v.mid. 1 • To

be blue.

become angry, annoyed. Á ́pʉ́sa. I have become angry/annoyed. Note: For W the word is well-formed, but it would only mean 'I am (literally) blue'. 2 • To

a-ipusíé v. 1 • To make sth. grey-blue. Ɛg ́ra áaipusie ɛnâ kɨlâ áapɨk emúá pʉ̂s. They are making this cloth blue (by) putting it in blue color (pigment, dye).

add milk to. Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aipusíé oloshoró óôk ɨnkɛ́râ peê érêt. [òòk] [èrèt] The old woman is adding milk to the porridge that the children drink so that it can be nutritious. aipusíé here refers to the resulting color of the porridge, and not to its consistency. Compare a-bɛbɛ́k. 3 • To make s.o. be despised, hated; bad-mouth s.o.; slander. Ɛg ́ra olórére áaipusie olkíríkóí oibáyiokí. The people are making the vagrant be despised/hated. Kááípúsie. I will bad-mouth you. (lit: I will make you blue.) (Pk). 2 • To

a-ipusíé ɛnk-á ́ná To make the hand blue by twisting blue beads on it. Ɛg ́rá ́ áaipusie ɔlmʉ́rráni oléŋ ɛnká ́ná. The generous warrior is having his hand made blue by twisting blue beads on it. (Pk). This is done to generous warriors. See: pûs ‘Blue’.

a-ɨpʉsʉ́ v. 1 • To become blue. Ɛg ́ra shʉmatá aɨpʉsʉ́ amʉ̂ ɛg ́ra ɨnkátampo áaiwuaŋa. The sky is becoming blue

because the clouds are clearing off.

lack, go without. Ɛɨpʉ́sʉ̄. He will go without it. Ɛ́ ́pʉsʉ́. He will go without it. (W). Ɛg ́ra ɔlápúróní aɨpʉsʉ́ amʉ̂ mɛáta entóki napurróo. The thief is going ́ without because there is nothing to steal. Ɨmpʉsʉ́ ! Stop it! (lit: Become blue!) (W). This is a joking expression said to children when they cause others to laugh. It is based on the metaphor of 'lack', implying that the child should come to lack ideas, or not "get ideas" that cause so much laughter. 3 • To turn to a different color because of sickness or anger. See: pʉ̂s ‘Blue’. 2 • To

a-ipúsh

v.prog. To

apply force to move sth. away and/or towards you with quick motion. Kááípúshíto. I'm pulling you back and forth. aipúsh emilánko mɛtáboloyú To apply force to move the door back and forth so that it could be opened.

a-ipushó To throw oneself back and forth. a-ipushú To pull. a-ipushoó To push. a-ipushupúsh To move back and forth; shake. a-ɨpʉ́t v. To fill. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkárɛ aɨpʉ́t ɔlcɔ́rrɔ. The water is filling the well. Ɛ́ ́pʉt. He filled it. Ɛɨpʉ́tá. He has filled it. (W). Nérukúnyē aké isírúai, nɛ́ ́pʉ̄t ewúéjī. Elands just came out, and filled that place. Kéyīēū néōrī ɛnâ tulúgumî amʉ̂ ɛ́ ́pʉ́tá bɔɔ́. This old powdered dung needs to be swept because it has filled the kraal. Mɛɨpʉ́táí á ́kātā inê amʉ̂ eúlulû nɛ́mɛ́áta enkítíŋótó. You can never fill there because it is a gorge that has no end. Ɛtanáreyia nɛ́ ́ŋɔ̄r ɨltʉŋaná átɛ́ amʉ̂ ɛ́ ́pʉ́tá entórroní óo mpukunót pɔɔk ́ ɛnkɔ́p. People should take care of themselves because the world is full of all kind of evil/bad feeling/trouble. (Pk). See: a-ɨgány ‘To fill’.

a-iputukúny

v. 1 • To

be frightened, horror-struck, amazed, shocked, stunned. Eiputúkuny. He is / will be frightenend, horror-struck. Eipútúkuny. He is / will be frightenend, horror-struck. (W). Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛ́ráí aiputukúny amʉ̂ étódúáá ɔlnátúny. The child is frightened because she has seen a lion. (Pk). Káípútúkunyo. I was shocked. (S). ɔltʉŋáni oiputúkuny person who is frightened, horrorstruck. See: a-irút ‘To be frightened’; l-pútukuny [North] ‘Shock, amazement’. 2 • To worry, be concerned with.

a-iputukunyíé To frighten s.o. a-ɨpʉʉdá v.mid. To bluff; deceive by pretending to be stronger, brave, smarter than one really is. M ́mpʉʉ́dā ajó íyíólo entóki nímíyíólo Do not pretend to know sth. that you do not know.

Syn: a-itukutukó

a-ɨpʉʉsanú [North] a-ír

a-ír

dry season.

‘To bluff’.

v.s. [North]

To be near the beginning of the

v. 1 • To

clean a calabash using a stick from the olóíríén tree which is burning or has charcoal at one end. atoiró to have cleaned it. Kétííró. She has cleaned it. (S). Etoíre enkúkúri The calabash is (finally) cleaned. 2 • To root out corrupt or problematic people. Usage: This has the connotation of wielding power. 3 • To prune out bad habits in people; discipline. See: a-ilísh ‘To clean a gourd’. v.prog. To

move sideways or back and forth in unstable manner; sway; wobble. This can happen to trees, as swayed by wind, thoughts.

a-iriiró To be swayed. a-iriirunyé 1 • To sway towards the point of reference. 2 • To

come in bigness like clouds, heavy truck, big animal.

a-ɨramɨrám

v. 1 • To

a-ɨrány

rain so long that the ground is soaked with water and

have a permanent speech disorder involving hesitations and involuntary repetitions of certain sounds; stutter; stammer. Kégogóŋ ɔltʉ́ŋání ɔ́ ́ram ́ram A stuttering person can be easily angered. 2 • To bite lightly and repeatedly. Syn: a-ɨrɔmɨrɔ́m ‘To bite lightly and repeatedly’. See: a-ɨdáŋ ‘To be disfluent or stumble in speech’. v. To

muddy.

a-ɨráŋ

v. To

talk proudly, displaying great dignity by the manner one talks. This mostly happens because of wealth and possessions. Míntóki aɨráŋ tɛn ́rɔ̄. Don't speak proudly when you talk. See: a-r ́ny ‘To talk boastfully’.

a-ɨrás v. To pierce through with a sharp instrument. aɨrás enkíook To pierce the ear. See: a-irasíé ‘To glimpse’. a-irasíé v. 1 • To drink a little bit of a liquid; sip. airasíé ɛnkárɛ́ To drink a little bit of water.

catch a glimpse of; see briefly. airasíé ɔlŋátúny To catch a glimpse of a lion. 2 • To

a-irebúk v.s. 1 • To be damp. (K)eirébuk táatá inkúlupuok amʉ̂ ɛtashá ́kīā ŋolé nɛ́tʉ etoyú olêŋ. The soil is damp

today because it was rained on yesterday and it did not get completely dry. Kéírébuk inkílaní amʉ̂ ɛ́tɔ́n ɛ́ ́tʉ̂ etoyú olêŋ. The cloths are damp because they are not yet completely dry. (Pk). See: a-calcál ‘To be damp’; a-shál; a-ɨlɨbɨl ́b ‘To be wet’; a-ɨrɔb ́ ‘To be cold’. 2 • To sweat.

a-irebukú

damp’.

v.incep. To

become damp.

See: a-calcál

[North] ‘To be

a-irém [South]: a-ilím. v. To dig; cultivate. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian airém ́ inkulupúók. The man is digging the ground. (Pk). Ɨyakákɨ

enturét náló airemíé endê. Bring me a hoe so that I can go and dig with it there. (Pk). See: a-ŋér ‘To weed’; a-túr ‘To cultivate’.

a-iremokí 1 • To dig sth. into the ground. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkáyíóní airemokí ́mpɔ́ɔś hɔ̂ ɛnkɔ̂p. The boy is digging the beans into the ground. (Pk).

weed. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkáyíóní airemokí ́mpɔ́ɔś hɔ̂. The boy is weeding the beans-garden. 2 • To

a-irenkés a-ɨrɛnyá

v. To

spy.

v.mid. To

contract the abdomen or push, as when giving birth or defecating. Ɛg ́ra enkíne náishó aɨrɛnyá. The goat that is giving birth is contracting the abdomen. (Pk). See: airianyá ‘To contract the abdomen’.

a-ɨrɛsɨrɛ́s [North] v. [North] To speak incoherently. a-irewejé See: a-irowua. v. To

boil. See: a-irowuajíé; a-ɨtɔ́k ‘To boil’.

a-ɨrɛwúá [North]

See: a-ɨrowúá ‘To

In some suffixed forms: ɨrɛwuaj. v.s. [North]

be hot’.

To be hot.

a-ɨrɛwuajíé [North] [North] To heat sth. up. a-ɨrɛwuajú [North] [North] To get hot. a-iríám v. To do more than one thing at the same time. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian airiamak ́ eríkúnotó é nkitók ɔ́ ɛncátátá ɛ́ nkají. The man is marrying and building his house at the same time. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkáyíóní airíám enkírítátá ɔɔ́ ntarɛ́ ɔ́ ɛnɔɔ́ lashɔ́. The boy is simultaneously doing the herding of

the goats/sheep and calves. (Pk). In S, this is primarily used for two deaths that happen at the same time, or two people that go to a place together. It cannot be used to describe two people working, either together or independently, at the same time.

áa-iriamari v.pl v.dir v.mid. To go off together. Ɛshɔmɔ́ ɔlpáyian ɔ́ nkitók ɛnyɛ́ shoó áairiamari. The man and his wife have

gone to herd together. (Pk). Kóre tɛ nétolikíó nɨnyɛ́ ajó elóíto sokóni ánáátá eiriamarî. If he had told her that he was going to the market, she would/could have gone with him. (W).

a-irianyá [North]

v. Usage: Vulgar. [North]

To contract the abdominal muscles or push, as when giving birth or defecating. Syn: a-ɨrɛnyá ‘To contract the abdominal muscles or push, as when giving birth or defecating’.

a-ɨr ́c [North] v. [North] To be brave. See: a-ɨr ́sh ‘To dare’. a-iriiró [North] v.mid. [North] To waver, waffle, hesitate. a-ɨrɨjɨak ́ [North] v. [North] To carry through with; continue, complete.

a-irím

v. 1 • To

put spots on the face or body with chalk or ochre; daub; splatter. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛrá ́ airím enkomóm ɛ́ nká ́ tɛ nturotó. The child is daubing the face of the other using chalk. (Pk). See: a-igér ‘To make decorative cutting’. 2 • To make permanent decorative cuttings or tatoos. For S, the idea of decoration is more important than the shape or method. It may be done with fire or knife, and the decoration is permanent. It can be on a house or a warrior. On a warrior, it often consists of dots burned in a circle around each nipple.

a-irimirím [North] [North] To poke repeatedly. a-irimó v.mid. To be spotted or dotted, involving at least two colors of spots (eg. black and red, brown and black, white and red, black and white). The spots are conspicuous but not as big as tárâ. For S, the spots are congenital, not the result of a-irím. ɔlmɛʉ́t oirímo spotted giraffe. ɔrmɛʉ́t oirímo spotted giraffe (Pk). Kéírímo apá ɔlapá ashé ɔ́tɨmɨrá mpapá. The calf that Dad sold was spotted. (Pk).

a-irimó é nyókîê Spotted red. a-irimó ɛ́ rɔ̂k Spotted black. See: a-irím ‘To daub, splatter’.

a-irimokí

weed. 2 • [North] To make spots on sth.; plant sporadically. See: a-ilím [South] ‘To weed’; a-ŋér ‘To weed’.

a-ɨr ́n

v. 1 • To

twist. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aɨr ́n ɛnkoríni. The man is twisting a wire. 2 • To tie the side posts of a house together using slender branches of plants. Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aɨr ́n ɛnkají ɛnyɛ́. The old woman is tying the side post of her house. (Pk). v. 1 • To

́ wrap around, surround. Ɨrɨná nká ́ná. Tie up your hand (eg. it is wounded, so put a bandage around it). (SN). 3 • To

make s.o. late; delay s.o. Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aɨr ́n encóliek ɛnyɛ́. The old woman is delaying her partner. (Pk). 4 • To

a-ɨrɨná

v.mid. 1 • To

look for delaying tactics; do sth. unwillingly. 2 • To wander around without proper direction.

a-ɨrɨnak ́ To twist sth. around sth. Ká ́rr ́nāk ̄. I will twist it

around it (eg. make a rope or vine wrap around a tree trunk). (SN).

a-ɨrɨnakinó a-irirí

v.mid. 1 • To

be going round s.o. 2 • To run for refuge and use the other person as a shield in order to not be hit. See: a-nunúk; a-pɨyáɨ; a-mɔn ́r ‘To twist’.

cut down to the desired shape or size. airirí eŋúdi To cut the stick to the desired size. airirí ɨlpápít To shave hair to the desired size. 2 • [North] To place side by side. 3 • [North] To place side by side for comparison. v. 1 • To

a-iriríó

v.mid. 1 • To

cut one's hair to the desired size or shape. 2 • [North] To be side by side.

a-ɨrɨrɨak ́ [North] (a task).

a-iririkí

v.dat. [North]

To carry through with; complete

In some suffixed forms: a-iririkín. v. 1 • To

do sth. accurately; do

properly, do correctly. airirikí ɨmbáa To do things accurately.

fit; make reach. Ɛg ́rā ̄ áaiririki ɛnkɛ́rá ́ ɛnkɨlâ náyâ sukúul. The child is being fitted (with) the cloth she will take (to) school. (Pk). This can be used of clothes, luggage, or to check if a stick is suitable for making a rungu or spear. 2 • To

a-iririkinó v. 1 • To fit well (of a dress, job, book for a course, etc.). Kéíririkíno. It fits well. Íkíríríkínō anâ sʉrúálɛ. This trouser fits you. (SN).

be suitable for the desired purpose. Kéíririkínō. It is suitable for him/her/ it. Íkíríríkínó alɛ́ síáâî. You deserve this job. (SN). See: a-irirí ‘To cut straight’; a-narɛ́; a-ishiaá; aishiaakinó; a-nyɔrɛ́ ‘To be suitable’. 2 • To

a-ɨr ́sh v. To face-up to; resist; dare. Ɛg ́ra ɔlɔ́ ́ŋɔ́n ́ ɔ́tɨ apʉ́sh aɨr ́sh ɨlkʉl ́kā ̄. The young bull is getting aroused to fight the others. (PK). Mɛɨr ́shāyū ɛnkɛ́ɛya. No one can face

death. (lit: Death cannot be faced.). See: a-p ́ ‘To be brave, fierce’.

a-ɨrɨshaá

v.dir. 1 • To

support sth. so it does not fall down (eg. the roof of a house). See: ɛ-r ́shɨná ‘Rafters’. 2 • [North] To parry. See: a-lɔ́ny ‘To parry’. 3 • [North] To say what another intends to speak about. 4 • To delay s.o. from going where he/she intends to go. 5 • To stop s.o. from beating another person.

a-ɨrɨshak ́ v.dat. To lay against sth. for support. aɨrɨshak ́ ɛlʉ́kʉ́nyá olórika To lay one's head against the chair. a-ɨrɨshakinó v.dat v.mid. To lean against sth. for support. aɨrɨshakinó ɛsʉntái To lean against the wall. See: a-pɛ́t ‘To keep close to’.

a-ɨrɨshʉ́ v.dir. To support sth. that is crumbling or falling down. aɨrɨshʉ́ ɛm ́sa nag ́ra aurorí To support a table that is falling down.

a-ɨrɨʉ́ v. To send. Kóre tɛ nékítólíkíó ajó ílóíto sokóni ánáátá á ́r ́wáyie ɨyakákɨ osabúni. If you told me that

you are going to the market, I could have sent you to bring me soap. (W).

a-ɨrɨwaá To send. a-ɨrɔ́ Variant: a-ʉrɔ́(r). In some suffixed forms: ɨrɔr. v.prog. 1 • To speak; talk. Ɛɨrɔ́. He will speak. Ká ́rɔ́rɔ. I have talked. Ká ́rɔr ́ta. I'm talking. (S). Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aɨrɔ́ tɛ bɔ́ɔ. The woman is talking outside. (Pk). Éɨniniŋó ɔlɔɨrɔr ́ta! Listen to the one who is speaking! (W). aɨrɔ́ nkʉ́tʉ́k nemeishiakíno to speak a language incorrectly (S). Ɛg ́ra olmeekí aít tɛ nɛ́ ́rɔ Maâ. The Kikuyu is speaking Maa with a Kikuyu accent. (lit: The Kikuyu is speaking with an accent when he speaks Maa.) (Pk). See: a-jó ‘To say’; a-iroríé ‘To talk to’. chat. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aɨrɔ́ ɔ́ lɨkâ ̂. The man is chatting with the other one. (Pk). See: a-dɛ́r ‘To chat’. 2 • To

a-iroríé To speak to/with. a-ɨrɔrɔk ́ To visit, greet. Óre oshî táatá néméékúré kílótú aɨrɔrɔk ́ ánaa apá. Nowadays you don't come to see me like before. (Pk).

a-ɨrɔb ́ In some suffixed forms: -ɨrɔbɨj. v.s. 1 • To be cold. Ɛɨrɔ́bɨ. It is cold. Kɛ́ ́rɔ́b ̄ kʉná lɛ́. This milk is cold. (Pk). Kɛ́ ́rɔ́bɨ táatá olêŋ amʉ̂ nemetîi enkóloŋ. It is very cold because there is no sun. (Pk). Ɛg ́ra airopijíé oloshoró ap ́k kʉlɛ́ ná ́rɔbɨ. She is cooling the porridge by adding milk that is cold. (Pk). The name of Kenya's capitol, Nairobi, stems from a relative-clause formation of this Maasai verb.

easily aroused sexually. Kɛ́ ́rɔ́bɨ ɛlɛ̂ ŋɔ́n ́ mmɛɨtɨamak ́tā inkíshú. This bull is not easily sexually aroused so it does not mount the cows. (Pk). ɔltʉŋáni ɔɨrɔ́bɨ person who is not easily aroused; person who is cold. 2 • Not

3 • [North]

To be easily attained. 4 • [North] To be polite.

a-ɨropijú v.incep. To become cold. a-ɨropijíé v.inst. To make cool, chill sth. See: ɛn-kɨrɔ́bɨ ‘Coldness’. a-irocí [North] v.s. 1 • [North] To be heavy. 2 • [North]

To be pregnant.

a-irocú [North]

1 • [North]

To become heavy.

To become pregnant. Usage: polite. Éíróco. She became pregnant. (S). 2 • [North]

a-ɨrɔgɨrɔ́g

speak in a rising and falling intonation; singsong. See: a-ɨramɨrám ‘To stutter’.

a-iroishí

v.prog. To

v. 1 • To

be heavy in weight (objects or people). See: enkiróíshi ‘Weight’. 2 • To be pregnant. Usage: polite. See: a-iroshí ‘To be heavy’.

a-ɨrɔ́m [North] biting a goat.

v. [North]

To bite just once. Eg. as a predator

a-ɨrɔmʉrʉ́m [North] [North] To bite repeatedly. a-ɨrɔmɨrɔ́m v. To bite sth. repeatedly. Ɛɨrɔm ́rɔm enkítok inkírí ɛ́nkɛ̄rāī ɛ́tɔ̂n ɛ́ɨtʉ̂ ɛ́ ́shɔ̂ mɛ́ ́nɔsá. The woman will bite the meat before feeding it to the baby. Ɛɨrɔm ́rɔ̄mā oldía ɛnká ́ná ɔ́ lɔmɔ́ni. The dog has repeatedly biten the hand of the visitor. Usage: a-nyaál is more severe and crushing than is a-ɨrɔmɨrɔ́m.. Syn: a-ɨramɨrám ‘To bite lightly and repeatedly’. See: a-nyaál ‘To chew’.

a-iromokí v. To dig sth. into the ground. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkáyíóní airomokí ́mpɔ́ɔś hɔ̂ ɛnkɔ̂p. The boy is digging the beans into the ground. (Pk).

a-ɨrɔ́ny

squeeze, press against sth. Káaɨrɔnyɨtâ. It's pressing me. (S). Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí aɨrɔ́ny ɛnkɨlâ naɨsʉj ́ta. The child is squeezing the cloth she is washing. (Pk). This could v.prog. 1 • To

be said if one leans on sth. that puts pressure on the person, such as a chair; or by crowding up against s.o. one is sharing a bed with. 2 • To force s.o. to do sth. that they would probably not do on their own. have an abortion. Usage: of humans. aɨrɔ́ny nkɔ́cɛkɛ To have an abortion (lit: to squeeze the stomach). 4 • [North] To overcharge. 3 • To

a-ɨrɔnyɔk ́ [North] a-iróŋ

2 • [North]

1 • [North]

To oppress.

To press in.

drill a hole into; bore. airóŋ ɛnkɔ́p To drill a hole in the ground. v. To

a-iroŋiróŋ

1 • To

drill different parts on the ground. 2 • To be talkative; talk aimlessly. See: a-úd ‘To pierce; make a hole’.

a-iropijíé v. 1 • To make sth. cool. Ɛg ́ra airopijíé oloshoró ap ́k kʉlɛ́ ná ́rɔbɨ. She is cooling the porridge by adding milk that is cold. (Pk).

make sth. bearable. Eyéwuo ɛncân airopijíé ɛrámátarɛ amʉ̂ ɛ́tágóló oshî. The rain has come to make the rearing of livestock bearable because it has been very difficult. (Pk). See: a-ɨrɔb ́ ‘To be cold’; a-iropijú ‘To become cold’. 2 • To

a-iropijú

become cool in temperature. Eirópījū. It becomes cold. Ɛg ́ra ɛnk ́jiapɛ airopijú. The climate is becoming cool. (Pk). v. 1 • To

be unenthusiastic. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian airopijú tɔɔ́ mbáa esukúul. The man is no longer enthusiastic about matters of school. (Pk). See: a-ɨrɔb ́ ‘To be cold’. 2 • To

a-ɨrɔpɨrɔpak ́

times at short intervals; frequently; oftentimes. See: a-siokí ‘To do fast’.

a-iroríé

v. To

adv. Many

talk to. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian airoríé enkitók ɛnyɛ́

nag ́ra. The man is talking to his wife who is listening. (Pk). Mikírorie ɨlasúrīāā. We do not speak to snakes. (W). Ɛɨtʉ́ kíróríe ɨltɔmíá ŋolé. We did not speak to the elephants. (W). Mikírorie ɨltɔmíá tááisére. We will not speak to the elephants tommorow. (W). See: a-ɨrɔ́(r) ‘To speak, talk’.

a-ɨrɔrɔk ́ v. To greet. Ááta ɛncɨpái sápʉk amʉ̂ k ́nyááká alotú aɨrɔrɔk ́. I have great happiness/joy because you have come to greet me again. (Pk). Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aɨrɔrɔk ́ ɔlpayíán tɛ nkaɨná. The woman is greeting the man by (extending her) hand to him. (Pk). See: a-ŋasak ́ ‘To greet’; aɨrɔ́(r) ‘To talk’.

a-iroshí v. 1 • To be heavy in weight (people, things). Eiróíshi ɛnk ́tɛŋ aláŋ enkíné. A cow is heavier than a goat. Kéíróshi ɛlɛ́ bókîs olêŋ. This box is very heavy. (Pk). Ɛt́ áá tásat imeekúré apá ɛɨd ́m atanápa intokitín naáíroshi. He is weak; he is no longer able to carry heavy things. (Pk). Kéíróshi olêŋ ɛlɛ̂ páyian mmɛɨdɨmárɨ. This man is very heavy; he cannot walk properly. (lit: This man is very heavy; he cannot do it properly.) (Pk). ɔltʉŋáni oiróshi a person who is heavy (in weight). be pregnant. Usage: polite. Kéíróshi ɛnâ kítok olêŋ amʉ̂ ɛ́táá kéíshō. This woman is pregnant; she is just about to give birth. (Pk). 2 • To

a-iroshíú

1 • To

become heavy. 2 • To become pregnant.

a-iroshí lómon To have heavy words, to say things that one cannot understand or respond to.

a-iroshí lototó This might be a problem with a leg, age, being to

big, or some natural characteristic of a person. Ant: a-nɛnɛ́ŋ ‘To be light’. To have an extreme degree of some characteristic which prevents one from walking far. See: a-nʉtá ‘To be

pregnant’; a-iturukúm ‘be.pregnant (animals)’.

a-irót v. To load; pack an animal or truck, load a person with sth. Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât airót osíkiria. The woman is packing the donkey. (Pk). See: a-ɨdɔndɔ́rr ‘To train donkey with a pack’.

a-irotorí Usage: metaphorical. To go while loaded. a-irotú v.dir. To load onto one's self. e-írótó Nom sg: e-irotó. Acc pl: i-irót. Nom pl: i-írot. n. The cleaning of a gourd.

a-ɨrowúá

See: a-ír(r) ‘To

clean a gourd’.

[North]: kéréwwa. In some suffixed forms: -ɨrowuaj. v.s. 1 • To

be

warm, hot. Kɛ́ ́rówua táatá. The weather is hot today. Kɛ́ ́rówua kʉná lɛ̂. [kʉná ! lɛ́] This milk is hot. Eirówua ɛná sháái. This tea is warm. (W). Áyíéú kʉná lɛ́ naaírowua. I want these milks that are warm. (W). Usage: See usage note at a-péj. 2 • To be hot from a fever. want to migrate. Kéírówua ɛlɛ́ páyian kéyīēū nɛ́ ́dʉ̄r. This man wants to migrate. (Pk). 3 • To

want to mate. Restrict: bulls. Kéírówua ɛlɛ́ ɔ́ ́ŋɔ́n ́ kéyīēū néítiamákɨ inkíshú. This bull wants to mate with the cows. 4 • To

a-ɨrowuajú To become hot. Eirówuajú. It will become warm. (W). Ɛg ́ra airowuajú amʉ̂ ɛ́ ́p ́rá ɛnkɔ́lɔŋ ɛnkáí. It is becoming hot because the sun is high up in the sky. (lit: It is becoming hot because the sun is facing the sky.) (Pk). Eirówúájɨtá nɛná lɛ. This milk has become warm. (W).

a-irowuajíé a-irewuajíé [North] a-irewejé [Chamus] In some suffixed forms: a-irowuajíék. 1 • To warm sth. Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât airowuajíé kʉlɛ́. The old woman is warming up the milk. (Pk). Kɛ́lɛlɛ́k ɛncɔlatá ɛ́na ́látá tenéírowuajíéki. It is easy to liquify this fat if

it is heated. 2 • To heat up or cook sth. a second time; reheat. 3 • To boil a liquid. In S, a-irowuajíé may be used for water or milk, but not for boiling such things as beans in water. It can be used for reheating cooked beans a second time (sense 1). See: aɨrowuajíé ‘To warm, heat’; ɛn-kɨrówuaj ‘Hotness, heat’.

a-irú [North]

To moo, bleat, crow. Kétúró. It has bleated. (S). Kétúrotô. They have bleated. (S).

a-ɨrʉ́j

v. [North]

v. To

decay. This is mostly happens when worms infest on a carcass. aɨrʉ́j olkurtó To be infested by worms. Ɛɨ́ rʉ́já ɛmpɔ́pɔ̂k. The carcass has decayed.

a-ɨrʉjʉrʉ́j v. 1 • To drizzle. Kɛ́shāl ɛnkɔ̂p amʉ̂ kɛ́g ́ra táatá aɨrʉjʉrʉ́j. The ground is wet today because it is drizzling. See: a-shá ‘To

rain’; a-ɨtɨpɨt ́p ‘To drizzle’; í-rúújî ‘Sessions of

drizzling’. 2 • To be lots of small creatures moving around on a dead animal, eating it. Usage: worms. Kɛ́ ́rʉjʉrʉjâ lkurú nk ́tɛ́ŋ natúâ ŋolé. The worms were eating the cow that died yesterday. (S).

a-ɨrʉjʉrʉjʉ́ v. To grow. Usage: rare. See: a-bʉlʉ́ ‘To grow’. a-irúk v. 1 • To believe, believe in sth. or s.o. Éíruk. He will believe her. Atɛlɛ́ja Dóris néíruk. I cheated/deceived Doris, and she believed. (W). Ɨmag ́ra airúk ajó ílótú mɛ́kátódúaa. I can't believe that you are coming until I see you. (Pk). Níkirúk iyíé. We believe in you. (C). 2 • To obey.

answer when addressed. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí airúk ŋɔ́tɔ́nyɛ́ naipotíto. The child is answering as her mother addressed her. (Pk). 3 • To

permit. Éírúkó ɔlá ́tɛ́ŋɛ́nání peê ɛɨlɛ́p ɛnkɛráí. The teacher has permitted the child to go to the next class. (Pk). 4 • To

agree. Néírukó naá ɨlMaasá ́ áajo máírukó. And the Maasai agreed to comply. Note: The sense 'agree' need not always have the Middle form. 5 • To

a-irukoó a-irukokí

v.dir. To 1 • To

answer back; echo.

agree with. 2 • [North] To answer s.o. See: a-nyɔrraá ‘To permit, agree’; aɨshɔ́ ‘To permit’; a-camá ‘To agree’.

áa-irukuruko [North]

v.mid. [North]

path) together or in file.

a-irukurukoré

To go along (eg. down a

[[ayɾūkuɾūkoɾḗ] macrons = stress] v.mid v.inst. 1 • To

follow after s.o. who is moving. Usage: a-ɨjɨpaá indicates the subject follows along the same path behind s.o., while a-irukurukoré indicates travelling together.. Ɛg ́ra ɔlashé airukurokoré ŋɔtɔnyɛ́. The calf is following the mother (cow). (Pk). See: a-ɨj ́p [North] ‘To follow’. To move together with s.o. Nónokúa nkíshú náírukurukóre ntaré. There are the cows moving together with the goats. (SN). Nɛ́idíā nk ́tɛ́ŋ náírukurukóre nkíné. There is the cow moving together with the goat. (SN). See: a-sʉ́j ‘To follow’; a-tubake ‘To follow’; a-ujipaá ‘To follow after’. 2 • [North]

a-ɨrʉmʉrʉ́m v. To look at sth. without being seen; peep at. Á ́rʉ́mʉ́rʉm ɨltʉ́ŋáná te lúsie I will peep at the people through the window.

a-ɨrʉnyʉrʉ́ny [North] v. [North] To rain a little for a long time. Kɛ́yrʉnyʉ́rʉnyʉ́ta. It is raining a little for along time. a-ɨrʉŋʉrʉ́ŋ v. To snore. See: a-ɨrrʉ́ŋ ‘To snore’. a-irúp v. 1 • To bewitch. This is very serious, and is only done by oloibóni.

go away unceremoniously. Ɛ́ ́rʉ́pâ dúóó ɨlárûôk. The wrong-doers have vanished unceremoniously. (Pk). See: a-sakút; 2 • To

a-rúp ‘To bewitch’.

a-ɨrʉpʉrʉ́p v.prog. To be indistinct, fuzzy, blurred, unclear. Kɛ́ ́rʉpʉ́rʉp ilkeék amʉ̂ etomisímiso. The trees are unclear because it has become dark.

áa-ɨrʉpʉrʉp ɨnkɔnyɛ́k To have fuzzy eyes. a-ɨrʉrá [North]: a-ɨlʉrá. v.mid. To sleep, be sleeping. Ɛshɔmɔ́ enkítok aɨrʉrá tɛ nkáji ɛ́nyɛ. The woman has gone to sleep in her house. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí aɨrrʉŋʉrʉ́ŋ ná ́rʉra. The child who is sleeping is snoring. (Pk). Tɛ nɛ́ ́rʉra oshî ɔltʉ́ŋání náa kɛjɛ́k ɛ́p ́k ɨnkɛjɛ́k. When a person sleeps, he puts his legs at the feet of the bed. (Pk). Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí aiseyieseyíé ɛnká ́ naɨrʉ́ra. The child is shaking the other one who is sleeping. (Pk). Mayíéú ná ́rʉ́ra. I do not want to sleep. (W). Miyíéú n ́rʉ́ra. You do not want to sleep. (W). Mikíiyíéú n ́kɨrʉra. We do not want to sleep. (W). Maiyíéú ná ́rʉ́ra. They do not want to sleep. (W). See: aimúg ‘To doze’; a-ɨrrág; a-pér ‘To sleep’.

a-ɨrʉrɛ́

1 • To

have slept, rested. Restrict: elder. 2 • To have died, especially of old age. Usage: euphemistic. Kɛ́ ́lʉ́rɛ. [kɛ́ylʊ́rɛ] He has slept (or died). (S). See: ɛnk ́rrágátá ‘Laying out of corpse’.

a-irurúg [North] collapse.

v.s. [North]

To be flimsy, susceptible to

a-irurugú [North] v.incep. [North] To become flimsy. a-irús v. 1 • To pierce very fast. Ɛg ́ra ɨnkɛ́râ áairus inkuashên tɛ nkígurran. The children a piercing the potatoes very fast. (Pk). 2 • To have many assertions with no conclusion, either in one's own speech or in what one has heard from others. The two examples mk gives are 1) getting lots of second hand information from different people, but it conflicts; and 2) a person who talks of

many things, but doesn't resolve any of them. Kéírus lomón. He speaks a lot without resolution. (S). Usage: See usage note at a-úd 'to pierce'.

a-irusurús To make many holes. a-ɨrʉsʉrʉ́s v. To do sth. after very short intervals. Ɛɨrʉsʉ́rʉs ɛnkɛráí ɛnk ́nɔ́sátá ɛ́ ndáa. A child eats food after very short intervals.

a-irút

v. 1 • To

Syn: a-idikidík

‘To do sth. after short intervals’.

be frightened, startled, surprised, worried, shocked, upset. Ɛg ́ra ɨnkɛ́râ áairut amʉ̂ étódúââ ɔlŋátúny. The children are frightened because they have seen a lion. (Pk).

Kɛ́áta ɔltáʉ́ ogól ɛlɛ́ tʉ́ŋání; méírut tenéjokiní etúá mɛnyɛ́. This man is heart-hardened; he does not show any worry when he is told that his father is dead. (Pk). ɔltʉŋáni óírut person who is frightened, startled. 2 • [North]

To run fast. 3 • [North] To shake the body, especially when being circumcised. Such shaking or flinching indicates of cowardice. See: a-iputukúny ‘To be frightened, horror-struck’.

a-ɨrraarrí

v. 1 • To

a-irraayá

v. To

fall physically to the ground. 2 • To emotionally be overcomed by problems. See: a-batát ‘To fell’.

drop several things at once (maize, firewood, etc.). See: a-ɨrriaayá ‘To make sth. fall down’; a-itíák ‘To drop’; abatát ‘To make s.o. fall down’.

a-ɨrráb [North] v. [North] To get late. a-ɨrrabalá v. To lie flat, with stomach down. Ɛg ́ra oldîâ aɨrrabalá aiguraníé inkiyiotín ɛnyɛ́na. The dog is lying flat while playing with its puppies. (Pk). airrabalakinó ɛnkɔ́p to lie flat (with stomach) on the ground. See: a-irrág ‘To lie down’.

a-ɨrrabalakinó

v.dat v.mid. 1 • To

lie down flat on a surface.

aɨrrabalakinó ɛndápásh To lie down flat on the bed. 2 • [North]

a-ɨrrabɨrráb

To lie face down.

v.prog. 1 • To

walk while bending. 2 • To fly close to the ground. A bird or an aircraft can do this.

a-ɨrrabɨrrabíé To make sth. fly close to the ground. a-ɨrracʉ́ [North] v. [North] To find or discover matters in a certain state.

a-ɨrrág

lie down. Ɛg ́ra ɛnk ́tɛŋ aɨrrág tɛ bɔ́ɔ. The cow is lying down in the kraal. (Pk). Má ́rragá. Let us lie down. See: ɛn-k ́rrágátá ‘Lying down’. v. 1 • To

sleep at, sleep somewhere. aɨrrág ɨnkáŋítie To sleep in other homes (other than yours). Népōnū ɛnâ dúóó áŋ áaɨrrag páa kɛ́ɛn ́ mɛtábaɨk ́ inkíshú ɨnkɛjɛ́k. They come to that home to sleep and tomorrow the cow's legs are tied. Áaɨrrág táatá. [áàyráɡ] He will sleep in my home today. (Pk). Népōnū ɛnâ dúóó áŋ áaɨrag. They come to that home to sleep. See: a-ɨrʉrá; a-pér ‘To sleep’. 2 • To

To have sexual intercourse. Ɛɨrrágá Josefin, Jon. Josefin and Jon have slept together (ie. had intercourse). (W). Usage: polite.. 3 • [West]

continually do sth. in a bothersome way. Nɛ́ ́rrág aɨrɔ́. He keeps talking (eg. like a drunkard might incessantly do). (W). Áshɔ́mɔ am ́r incereretí tɛ mparét nɛ́ ́rrág aké áarʉnyɛ. I went to chase the monkeys from the farm and they just kept forcing themselves (back) this way. (W). See: a-gɨrá ‘To be silent’. 4 • To

a-ɨrragɨshɔ́ v.apass. To spend the night away. a-ɨrragʉ́ v.dir. 1 • To sleep in sth. Ɛɨrráguak ́. It was slept in. Mɛɨrragʉ́nɨ. Let it be slept in. 2 • To

stop to sleep in different places before reaching where

one is going. 3 • To lie oneself down.

a-ɨrragaá

v.dir. 1 • To

sleep at a place while on the way to somewhere else. Á ́rrágáā Lemek. I shall sleep at Lemek (on my way out). Kálo aɨrragaá Naɨrɔ́bɨ peê atúm ashɔ́mɔ áŋ. I will sleep at Nairobi on my way to home.

sleep away (from home). Ɛshɔmɔ́ ɛnkɛráí náíúshúush aɨrragaá inkáŋítie. The loitering child has gone to sleep away in other homes. (Pk). Usage: Negative, esp. with respect to young people. 2 • To

lie around. Ɛg ́ra intárɛ pɔ́ɔk ̄ ̄ áaɨrragaa tɛ lɔ́kɛt. All the goats and sheep are lying in the pen. (Pk). 3 • To

a-ɨrragíé v.inst. 1 • To lay sth. down, put down. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aɨrragíé iŋúsidin ɛnyɛ́nā pɔɔk ́. The man is putting down all his sticks. (Pk). See: a-p ́k ‘To put sth. down’.

lie down with/at. Ɛshɔmɔ́ ɛnkɛráí aɨrragíé ɔlcaní ɔɨshɔɔ́kɨ. The child has lain down with medicine she took. ́ (Pk). Ɨrragíé ɨnáíshí ɔ kʉ́lɛ̄! Have a good night! (lit: Lie down with beer and milk!). Usage: Good-night wish before going to sleep.. 2 • To

make lie down. Ɛshɔmɔ́ ɛntásât aɨrragíé ɛnkɛráí kɨt ́. The woman has gone to make the little child lie down. (Pk). 3 • To

a-ɨrragaríé v.dir v.inst. 1 • To sleep away somewhere with sth. Képūō ɨltʉŋaná ɔ́ɨdʉ́rr áaɨrragarie inkíshú ɛnyɛ̂ inkáŋítie. The migrants will sleep away at other people's homes with their cows. (Pk). 2 • To lay down low.

a-ɨrragakinyé 2 • To

v.dat v.inst. 1 • To

lay down on/with.

lay out before. Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aɨrragakinyé ɨnkɛ́ra

ɛndáa. The woman is laying down the food before the children. (Pk). Nɛ́ ́rragakinyíéki nɨnyɛ́ ɛndáa mɛ́ ́nɔsá. And food was set before him to eat. (lit: And food was laid out for him so that he eats.).

́rran [North]

́rrân. n.sg n.f. [North] Anxiety, concern. See: a-ɨrraná [North] ‘To be anxious’. [North] Nom sg:

a-ɨrraná [North] v.mid. [North] To be anxious, troubled. Kát ́ ́rránɛ. He was anxious. a-ɨrráŋ v. To fret. a-ɨrraŋɨrráŋ v.prog. To walk aimlessly; loiter; wander. Ímesídáí tɛn ́rraŋ ́rraŋ. It is not good to walk aimlessly. See: aiwushuwúsh ‘To loiter; wander’.

a-ɨrrapɨrráp

v.prog. To

feel by touching. This is particularly done using the hand(s). Á ́rráp ́rráp ́ta ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. I am feeling the cow by touching. See: a-ɨbʉ́ŋ ‘To touch’.

a-ɨrrásh v. 1 • To find out; catch red-handed. Ɛ́ ́rráshá ɔlpáyian ɛnaas ́ta ɨláyiok. The man has found out what the boys are doing. (Pk). Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aɨrrásh ɛnaas ́ta ɨláyiok. The man is finding out what the boys are doing. (Pk).

jeer; scoff at. Ɛg ́rā ̄ áaɨrrash ɔlpúrríshóí, Hɔ̂ ̂! Hɔ̂ ̂! Hɔ̂ ̂! The thief is being jeered, "Hɔ̂ ̂! Hɔ̂ ̂! Hɔ̂ ̂!". 2 • To

a-ɨrrashʉ́

Variant: irashu. In some suffixed forms: a-ɨrrashʉ́n. v. To

a-ɨrrataát

v. To

catch up with s.o. This is applicable regardless of wrongdoing (unlike aɨrrásh). (S). Rashúaki! Catch up with him! (S).

o-írrî

extend or lie across; in a crosswise direction; at right angles to the long axis; transverse. ɔlcaní oirratáat A tree. [North] Acc sg: írrî. [North] Nom sg: irrí. [North] Acc pl: írr. [North] Nom pl:

̂rr. n. Grewia tembensis, Grewia similis. This noun may occur with the feminine prefix e-, with the same designation.[North] Tree whose wood is good for firewood, making walking sticks, clubs, etc. Its fruit l-

pʉʉsaní is edible.

a-ɨrr ́

send. Nɛ́na ɛmpálāī nairríwutûâ ɨláláshɛra. Here is a letter sent by brothers. (C). 2 • v. To have diarrhea; [North] To have diarrhea. This can be from either a bad disease or from a treatment to clean the stomach. Ká ́rrɨ. I have diarrhea. (S). v. v. To

To circumcise. Ká ́rrɨ nkɛ́ra. I will/can circumcise my children. (S). Kɛɨrr ́ak ́ nkɛ́ra. The children have been circumcised. (S). See: a-ɨrrɨʉ́ ‘To send toward point of reference’; a-ɨrrɨwaá ‘To send away’; a-rɛ́ʉ́ ‘To send’; a-ipaayá ‘To send’. 3 • v. [North]

a-ɨrriaayá

v. 1 • To

make sth. fall down. 2 • To promise sth. and then not do it; let a person down (lit: to make fall down). See: a-rriáá ‘To fall down’; a-irraayá ‘To drop things’.

a-ɨrrɨabíé [North]

Variant: a-irriebíé. v. [North]

ɨrrɨapíé ɛnkɔŋʉ́ ‘To blink’.

To blink.

See: a-

a-irríáŋ v.prog. 1 • To be astonished, perplexed, dumbfounded. Éírríáŋá peê ɛ́dɔ̂l ɔlŋátúny. He was astonished when he saw a lion. See: a-ɨŋasíá ‘To be surprised’. 2 • To panic.

a-irriaŋá a-irriaŋíé

v.mid. To

be in a panic.

v.apl. 1 • To

panic about, be aghast over. 2 • To make one panic.

a-ɨrríáŋ [North] a-ɨrrɨapíé ɛnkɔŋʉ́ ɛnk-ɔŋʉ́ ‘Eye’.

[àɪ ̀rryáŋ] v. [North] v. To

blink.

To be laden with, full of.

See: a-irriabíé

[North] ‘To blink’;

a-irríb v. To suddenly come upon, meet unexpectedly, chance upon. Átéjo áló Nairobi, náírrib Wilson. I tried to go to Nairobi, I met accidentally with Wilson.

See: a-túm ‘To

get’.

a-irribokinó [North]

animal in the bush.

v.dat v.mid. [North]

To encounter an

a-irriboré [North] [North] To run into an enemy or wild animal.

a-ɨrrɨdá [North] v.mid. [North] To be proud. a-ɨrrɨdʉ́ v. Restrict: wrong-doing. To repent, feel remorse for, feel sorry for, be contrite about, convert. aɨrrɨdʉ́ iŋók To repent the sins.

a-irríg [North] v. [North] To bend. See: a-irrúg ‘To bend sth.’. a-irrigó v.mid. 1 • [North] To bend self over. Múntóki airrigó! Stop bending over! (SN). 2 • [North] To halt.

a-ɨrrɨ ́d

v. To

hit with an instrument or shoot with arrows, with intention of hurting the targeted item. See: a-náŋ ‘To hit’.

a-irriírr v. 1 • To shake back and forth. Ɛg ́ra ɔltɔmɛ́ airriírr ɔlcaní. The elephant is shaking the tree back and forth. 2 • To

confuse; cause to be unable to do anything properly. See: airriirrán ‘To confuse’.

a-irriirrán

v. To

confuse; cause to be unable to think or do things properly. airriirrán olórere To confuse the people.

a-irriirraná To be confused. See: a-irriirr ‘To shake back and forth’.

a-ɨrrɨk ́ v.dat. 1 • To drive in; put into. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí aɨrrɨk ́ ɨlashɔ́ ɔlálɛ́. The child is driving the calves into the pen. 2 • To reach into. Nɛ́ ́rr ́kɨ ɛnká ́ná nɛ́ ́bʉ̄ŋ ɛnkɛjʉ́ é nkitojó. He put his hand into it and he caught the hare's leg. 3 • To incite to fight. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkáyíóní aɨrrɨk ́ ɨlɔɨŋɔ́k. The boy is inciting the bulls to fight. Á ́rr ́kia. I have made them fight. Á ́rr ́ka. I have made them fight. (SN). See: a-ɨrr ́ ‘To send’.

a-ɨrrɨnak ́

twist sth. around sth. Ká ́rr ́nāk ̄ lgíitâ lcaní. I will twist the rope around the tree. (SN). See: a-ɨr ́n ‘To tie around’. v. To

a-ɨrrɨtá v. 1 • To look after, watch over; tend, herd. Ɛɨrr ́ta oláyíóní inkíshú abarak ́. The boy looks after the cattle well (every day). Ɛɨrr ́tā ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ ŋolé. She herded a cow yesterday. (W). K ́rrɨtâ inkíshú ŋolé. We herded the cows ́ yesterday. (W). Ɨrrɨtá taá táatá ɨntaré mɛtáraposhotó.

You herded the sheep and goats until they were satisfied. Áírrítua ɨntaré. I have taken care of sheep towards this direction. (SN). Shɔ́mɔ ́rrɨtá inkíshú táatá; íŋurríé Kónené amʉ̂ ɛɨrr ́ta inkíshú inkóloni kúmok. Go look after cows today; favor Konene (ie. help him especially) because he has been looking after cows for so many days. (W). Ɛɨrr ́t ́ta ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. She is herding a cow. (W). Ká ́rr ́ta nkɨtabuní áinén payîê mórróyo. I will take care of my books so that they are not spoiled. (eg. protect from water, be careful about lending them). (SN). 2 • To guard or watch against s.o. doing wrong; monitor. Ká ́rr ́ta olpúrríshóí. I will guard against that thief. (Pk). Ág ́ra aɨrrɨtá ɔlpúrríshóí peê mɛ́yá intokitín. I am guarding against a thief so that he does not steal. (Pk).

a-ɨrrɨʉ́ v.dir. To send towards the point of reference, this way. Ɛg ́ra aɨrrɨʉ́ ɛnkayíóni enê natíī. She is sending the boy where I am. (Pk). See: a-ɨrrɨwaá ‘To send away’; a-ɨrrɨ ‘To send’.

a-ɨrrɨwaá v.away. To send away. Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aɨrrɨwaá ɛnkɛ́ráí ɛndâ ají. The woman is sending the child to that house. (Pk). Néítayu ɔlá ́gúɛ́nání Sólómon ɨltʉ́ŋáná ɔ́ɔas esíáai tɛ ísíráel pɔ́ɔkɨ; nɛ́ ́rrɨwáa nɨncɛ́ mɛshɔ́mɔ Lɛ́banɔn. Solomon the chief selected all the

people who work in Israel; and he sent them to go to Lebanon.

ɨnk-ɨrrɔ́

n.pl. Compensation

for murder. Generally used in the

expression inkíshú ɔɔ́ nkɨrrɔ́.

a-ɨrrɔ́g a-ɨrrɔ́k

v. To

cough a heavy, congested cough.

Variant: a-ɨrrɔ́g. v.prog. To

cough; cough heavily (as from tuberculosis or a serious infection). Ɛg ́ra ɔltásât ɔ́muei aɨrrɔ́k. The sick old man is coughing. (Pk). Kɛ́ ́rrɔk ́ta. He is coughing. (S).

a-ɨrrʉayá [North]

To send with a message, a commission. See: a-rɛʉ́ ‘To drive, send’. 2 • v. [North] To vomit because of sickness.

a-ɨrrʉcá [North]

v. v. [North]

To be thick in mass. Kɛ́ ́rʉ́ca. It is thick (eg. a table top). (S). Kɛ́ ́rʉ́cɛ. It was thick. (S). v.mid. [North]

a-irrucayí [North] [North] To become thick. Kéírrucáwa. a-irrúg

It became thick. (S). [North]: irrigó. v. To

bend or incline sth. down from a vertical position. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí airrúg ɛncaní. The child is bending the shrub. (Pk). Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí airrúg kewón. The child is crouching over. (Pk) (lit: The child is bending herself over.). A-kordíl indicates bending sth. relatively non-flexible so it remains in a bent shape. A-kɔrɨny indicates bending sth. flexible which has inner elasticity, with the aim of straightening it. Because the object has inner elasticity, it can springs back into its original shape. A-reré simply means 'to straighten sth.' A-g ́l means 'to fold' (a flat flexible item like cloth or paper), or 'to break' (a brittle item like a stick). A-irrúg indicates 'to bend sth.' Its middle form airrugó indicates 'to bend slightly forward from about the upper back and shoulders'; while a-ijululó can be used for a person bending forward from the waist so that the buttocks point outward. A-olól means 'to bend sth. flexible that can again resume its shape', but the object does not have inner elasticity.

a-irrugó

v.mid. 1 • To

bend one's head or back forward from the waist on down. This is the position of a child when greeting an ́ áírrugó ɨlʉ́kʉ́ny Let us bow our heads! Ɛg ́ra elder. Ɛm

ɨnkɛ́râ kʉ́tɨt ́ áairrugo ɛgɨrá áaiguran. The small children are bending down as they play. Éírrúge. It has

become bent. See: a-ijululó ‘To bend forward with buttocks out’. 2 • To bend each other down.

a-irrugokí To bend down towards, stoop down to. airrugokí ɛlʉ́kʉ́nyá ɛnkɔ́p To look down (lit: To bend the head to the ground). This is the action a child does when greeting an elder.

a-irrugokinó To bend down towards, be stooped down towards; bend over each other; bend down.

a-irrugoré

1 • To

bend down at. 2 • To tumble at.

a-irrugorí To bend over that way. a-irrugoyú To be bendable. Meirrúgoyu. It cannot be bent. a-irrugú To bend this way. a-irrugunyé To bend over this way. See: a-ɨrrág ‘To lie down’; aa-ɨrrʉɨ

kɔr ́ny; a-olól ‘To bend’; a-shúk ‘To bend roofing sticks’. v.prog. To

prevent the cows from moving further or in haste so as to settle them down to drink water. aɨrrʉ́ ́ inkíshú peê éôk ɛnkárɛ́ To prevent the cows from further movement so as to settle them down to drink water.

áa-ɨrrʉɨ To do sth. together in great numbers. áaɨrrʉɨ eŋúes toó sóito To throw stones in great numbers to an animal. a-irrúm [North] v. [North] To pant, breathe heavily and rapidly as a result of illness.

a-irrumó [North] [North] To have a problem breathing. a-irrumatú [North] v.incep. [North] To get out of breath. a-irrumokí [North] v. [North] To oblige s.o. to do sth. which is often (but not necessarily) wrong.

a-ɨrrʉ́ŋ Variant: ɨrʉ́ŋ. v. To snore. a-ɨrrʉŋʉrrʉ́ŋ Variant: a-ɨrʉŋʉrʉ́ŋ. v.prog. To snore heavily or constantly.

snore. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí ná ́rʉra aɨrrʉŋʉrrʉ́ŋ . The child who is sleeping is snoring. Óre taá doí ɔltásháláí 1 • To

laaíjō ɛlɛ̂ nɛ́mɛ́áta entóki nátúm amʉ̂ kɛ́ ́rrʉ́ŋʉ́rrʉ́ŋ ́ta aké. For an idler like this one, he will

never get anything because he is always snoring. This means he is always sleeping, not working. growl like a dog. Ɛg ́ra oldîâ aɨrrʉŋʉrrʉ́ŋ amʉ̂ ɛg ́ra ɨnkɛ́râ áaiguranie. The dog is growling because the children play with it. 2 • To

a-ɨrrʉshá

v. 1 • To

be thick in mass (eg. a thick book, thick hide). Ant: a-bɛbɛ́k ‘To be thin’. be viscuous. Usage: liquid. Imeókōyū olóshoró ɔ́ ́rrʉsha. A thick porridge is undrinkable. 2 • To

be huge. Usage: human. ɔltʉŋáni ɔɨrrʉ́sha A huge person. 3 • To

a-ɨrrʉshá ɔlŋɛjɛ́p To speak a foreign language with difficulty. a- ́s1 v. To show off to, try to impress, pretend to have knowledge. See: a-ɨs

́s ‘To praise’.

a- ́s [North]2

v. 1 • [North]

To be a person whose blessings and

cursings are effectual. 2 • [North] To alert, caution, warn. See: laiser ‘Person with magic’.

a-ɨsáb v. [North] To stroll. a-ɨsabɨsáb 1 • [North] To stroll about. 2 • To

move aimlessly via an indirect route or at no set pace, often in search of food; wander. Kɛ́nyā ilowuarák enkíné naɨsab ́sab. Wild animals will eat a goat that

wanders. 3 • To beat around the bush.

a-ɨsabɨsabak ́ To grab things without permission. a-ɨsaganyá v.mid. To squat. Ɛɨságányā táatá. He will squat today. (W). Ɛɨságányā oshî aké. He always squats. (W). Ɛɨságányɛ ŋolé. He squatted yesterday. (W). Míntóki aók kʉlɛ́ intáshe; ísaganyayú. Don't drink milk while standing; at least squat. (W).

a-ɨsalaác [North]

spread sth. out’.

v. [North]

To spread sth. out.

See: a-ɨsalaásh ‘To

a-ɨsalaásh v. To spread sth. out. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí aɨsalaásh ɔlkáráshá. The child is spreading out the sheet. This is

distinguished from a-lɔ́ 'to spread out to dry,' in that a-ɨsalaásh may be done for a variety of reasons, including to allow an item (eg. rug, paper) to be able to perform its normal function. See: alɔ́ ‘To spread out to dry’.

a-ɨsalaashá v.mid. To be spread out; relax. a-ɨsalát [North] v. [North] To mock, ridicule, make fun of, be sarcastic, jeer.

a-ɨsalaticó [North] v.apas. [North] To be a mocker. a-ɨsalatá v. To be bereaved. a-ɨsam ́s v.s. 1 • To stink strongly, typically from rotting (eg. a carcass, decaying food). Káítúko sógisí naá ́samɨsɨtâ. I washed the socks that stunk. (SN). See: a-ŋuoyú ‘To be rotten’; tóŋúá ‘To be rotten’.

be rotten. Kɛ́ ́samɨsáa (i) He is rotten. (S) (ii) They are all rotten. (K). Kɛ́ ́sámɨs. It is rotten. 2 • To

be fermented. Usage: milk. Áyíéú kʉlɛ́ naa ́sam ̂s. I want fermented milks. (W). 3 • To 4 • To

be profane, full of offensive insult. Kɛ́ ́sámɨs kʉlɔ́

ɔmɔ́n. This speech stinks. (SN). This is more than just critical. a-isamisú v.incep. 1 • To be rotten, go bad. Ɛg ́ra kʉ́lɛ náatií olkúkúrí áaisamisu. The milk in the calabash is going bad. (Pk). Ɛg ́ra ɛndáâ nátií emotí aisamisú. The food that is in the cooking pan is getting rotten. (Pk). Kéísámīsū. He will rot.

go sour, ferment (eg. of milk). Eisómīsū táatá. It will ferment today. (W). Ɛɨsɔ́m ̄sā ŋolé. It fermented yesterday. (W). Ɛɨsɔ́m ̄sā enkúkú. The calabash (of milk) has fermented. (W). Ɛɨsɔ́m ́sɨtá nɛná lɛ. That milk has fermented. (W) (lit: Those milks have fermented.). Syn: a-ŋú ‘To stink’. See: a-isiijó ‘To become sour, fermented’. 2 • To

a-ɨsampásh

wander.

v.prog. To

roam, spread out, or hang around aimlessly;

a-ɨsampɨshɔ́ To spread out, wander. a-ɨsampú v. To harvest. a-ɨsampɨshɔ́ To gather, collect, harvest. See: ɛnk ́sámpúarɛ ‘Harvest’.

a-ɨsamulumuloó

v.away. To

carry sth. away without being noticed. See: a-isudoó ‘To hide sth.’.

a-ɨsankál v. To joke, jest. ɔl-tʉŋáni ɔɨsánkal A jesty person, s.o. who teases. a-isankulukúl [North] v. [North] To be unkempt, disheveled. a-ɨsáŋ v. To sway. a-ɨsapɨsapaá [North] v. [North] To drive or lead sth. slowly and gently (eg. livestock, a child).

a-ɨsarác [North] v. [North] To be filthy. a-ɨsárd [North] v. [North] To scatter. Kɛ́ ́sard. They will be scattered. (S). Kɛ́ ́sárda. They are spread/scattered. (S).

a-ɨsardák v. To scatter sth. Ɛg ́ra ɨnkɛ́râ áaɨsardak intóto ɛnyɛ̂. The children are scattering their pebbles. (Pk). a-ɨsardakíé 1 • [North] To scatter sth. 2 • To

scatter with, at; cause to scatter. 3 • To annihilate, route.

a-ɨsardakinó v.mid. To be scattered over sth. Ɛg ́ra inóilîîn áaɨsardakino entîm. The gazelles are/have scattered over to the bush. (Pk).

a-isarím [North] v. [North] To suspect s.o. of having stolen. a-ɨsarɨsár v. To hurry. See: a-ɨsarrɨsárr ‘To hurry’. a-ɨsarkín v. To desecrate; spoil or defile a ceremony; make unholy. sárkîn adj. Defiled; desecrated; unholy. Ɛg ́ra aɨtaá kɛwán sárkîn. He is making himself defiled. a-ɨsarkiníé To cause the defilement of a ceremony. Ɛg ́ra aɨsarkiníé kɛwán. He is defiling himself. a-isarríé [North] v. [North] To burn to a crisp; scorch. a-ɨsarrɨsárr Variant: a-ɨsarɨsár. v. To walk fast, hurry. Ɛg ́ra ɨnkɛ́râ áaɨsarrɨsarr áapuo sukúul. The children are walking fast to school. (Pk). See: a-siooyó ‘To walk quickly’; a-ɨnapɨnáp ‘To walk quickly’; a-isurokí ‘To walk quickly’.

a-ɨsɛɛ́r [North]

To make a noise, by boys at night to let others know where they are; by animals when attacked.

a-ɨsɛɛ́rr

v. [North]

v.prog. 1 • To

make a noise to let others know where you are (eg. boys walking at night); yodel. Ɛg ́ra ŋolé ɨlmʉ́rrân áa ̄sɛɛrr kewaríé. The warriors were yodelling last night. (Pk). Kɛ́ísɛ́ɛrr aikó ánaa iltʉ́ŋáná oópuonú bátísho. They make wild screams as if they are a people coming for danger. 2 • [North] To make a noise, as when an animal wants to attack another, or wants to get to its calf. Usage: animals. Ká ́sɛɛ́rr ́ta.

He is hollering. (S). See: a-igór ‘To holler’.

a-ɨsɛgɛ́l v.prog. To tilt; set on edge. See: ɔ-sɛ́gɛ́l ‘Edge’. a-iseiseyíé v. 1 • To keep on touching gently. The touch should be repetitive.

See: a-ɨbʉ́ŋ ‘To

touch’.

shake sth. by tapping (particularly sth. lying). Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí aiseiseyíé ɛnká ́ naɨrʉ́ra. The child is shaking the other one who is sleeping. (Pk). See: a-ipiripír; a-ɨŋʉnʉŋʉ́n; aigusugús; a-ɨpɔ́sh; a-inyenyé; a-ɨkíj ‘To shake’. 3 • [North] To move sth. small back and forth horizontally or vertically, without effort. 2 • To

a-isekaá

[North]: ɨsɛgaá. v.dir. To

spit far away. For Pk, this is a nonverbal expression of pride and contempt for sth. See: a-ɨsɨkaá; anɔtá ‘To spit’; ɛnk-ámʉ́lák ‘Spit blessing’.

a-ɨsɛlɛɛ́j v. To do sth. secretly. a-ɨsɛlɛɛjʉ́ v.dir. To bring secretly. a-ɨsɛlɛɛjaá v.dir. To take sth. away secretly. a-ɨsɛlɛɛjarí v.dir v.mid. To go secretly; sneak out. a-ɨsɛnyɨsɛ́ny v.prog. To jog. a-ɨsɛpɛ́ v. To be greedy; gluttonous. ɔltʉŋáni ɔɨsɛ́pɛ̄ person who is greedy, gluttonous. See: a-lubó ‘To be hungry’; a-ʉlʉ́ ‘To eat heavily’.

a-isér v. To rebel, revolt. a-ɨsɛrpɛ́p v. To lay sth. horizontally. a-ɨsɛrpɛpiarí, a-ɨsɛrpɛparí v.dir v.mid. To slither; creep. a-ɨsɛrʉ́ [North] v. [North] To defeat s.o. in a contest of fear. Káysɛ́rʉ́a. I have defeated him (in a fear contest). The contest could be anything that some people might be afraid to do, such as each of two warriors holding a piece of fire against his arm, to see who will give up first, or jumping off a great height.

ɨsɛʉ́sɛʉ

Nom sg: ɨsɛ́ʉsɛʉ. n. Living

things; animate.

a-ɨsɛʉsɛ́ʉ́

have the whole or part of the body move slightly. See: a-ɨŋɔɨŋɔ́ ́ ‘To move slightly’.

a-iseyíé

v. To

Variant: a-iseyé. In some suffixed forms: a-iseyíék. v. To

touch sth.

very gently; feel. Míséyie aké ɛndâ mús oóltórok amʉ̂ eŋórisho. Don't disturb/touch that swarm of bees because they sting. (W). Note: kk spells this as a-iseiyíé, but it is phonetically the same as a-seyyí

a-iseiseyíé 2 • To

1 • To

keep touching.

stir up. 3 • To wake up.

a-iseyiseyíé [North] v. [North] To wave back and forth, shake. a-isiaaí v. To serve; work for; attend. aisiaaí olaigúɛ́nani To serve the chief. See: e-síáai ‘Work’.

a-isiadʉ́ v.dir. To lag behind, come last. a-isidak ́ v.dat. To lag behind. Kóre ɔpá k ́ndʉ́rr ́tâ áapuo enetií ɛnkárɛ, ɔlálɛ́ loó nkíshú âŋ náaiturukito, nɛ́sʉjak ́ ɔlálɛ lóo nkíshú ɔɔ́ Ɛmpapá, nɛ́ ́sɨadákɨ ɔlálɛ lóo nkíshú oó Lemeín. When we were moving to

where water is, then the group of our cows was the first one, followed by a group of Empapa's cows, then lastly the group of Lemein's cows. (W). See: a-ɨŋɔpʉ́ ‘To lag’.

a-ɨsɨaj v. To clear, clear of rain; open up. a-isiajá v.mid. To be plain, flat, cleared. Néítokiní áajo Gɨlái tɛ nkárak ́ ɛnkɔ́p naɨs ́ája. They are called Gilai because of the land that is plain. (KS).

a-ɨs ́áp [North]

[àɪ ̀syáp] v. 1 • To

cover; close (eg. a container, sleeping person). See: a-itoíp; a-pɨs ́ŋ; a-pukúr ‘To cover’. 2 • To have intercourse.

a-ɨsɨapaá [North] [North] To cover over. a-ɨsɨapɨs ́áp [North] 1 • [North] To cool down a boiling pot of

food. 2 • [North] To soothe or console a child back to sleep.

a-isiapírd

v. To

scatter; disperse. aisiapírd ɨntaré To scatter the

sheep. Ɛg ́ra ɔláyíóní aiturrúrr ɨntaré amʉ̂ eisiapírdatɛ. The boy is gathering together the sheep because they are scattered. (Pk). See: a-ɨdapásh ‘To scatter’.

a-isíásh

a heavy blow on sth., using hand, tool, or weapon; make unconcious; smite; knock down. Ɛt́ ánáŋíé ɔláyíóní enkitejó ɔlcʉrtɛ́t néísīāsh. A boy hit a hare with a club and made it unconcious. (Pk). 2 • To flatten. 3 • To straighten.

a-isiashá

v.prog. 1 • Inflict

v.mid. To

be a clear or unobstructed space or expanse of land or water. ɛnkɔ́p naisíásha (i) a clear land (ii) a plain.

a-isiashá ɔltáʉ To have clean and clear intentions deriving

from ethical or moral principles, which govern one's thoughts and actions. aatá ɔltáʉ́ oisíásha To have clear conscience (lit: to have a heart that is unobstructed).

a-isiaúl v. To say things jokingly; be funny. ɔl-tʉŋáni ɔɨsíáʉl A comical person. a-isíc [North] v. 1 • [North] To coax a cow to accept a calf. 2 • [North]

To coax a cow to be milked.

a-ɨsɨɛ́c [North] v. [North] To knock down. a-ɨsɨɛcá [North] v.mid. [North] To be knocked down. ísíêt num. Eight. Ɛɛ́ta inkíshu árɛ ɨlk ́ ísíêt. The teats of two

cows are eight. (Pk). Etymology: From Proto-Kalenjin *sisi:t (Heine, Rottland & Vossen 1979:77). Note: C. Ehret disagrees with Heine, Rottland & Vossen; see Ethiopians in East Africans, maybe culture history of the Southern Sudan 1983. Etymology: Ehret: From an Eastern Cushitic language in which Proto-East-Cushitic *z > y. The Kalenjin word is from a language in which the *z was preserved..

a-isíg v. Usage: animals. To be in heat, want to mate. a-ɨs ́g [North] [North] To flee, escape. See: a-ɨs ́k ‘To flee, escape’. a-isigíé [North] [North] To chase, cause to flee. a-ɨsɨgaá [North] v. [North] To spit forcefully through the teeth. See: a-nataá

[North] ‘To spit through the lips’.

a-isiicó [North] v. [North] To be salty or sour. a-ɨsɨ ́d v. To pull a liquid or a queue into a line; align; array. a-ɨsɨɨdaá To shoot a liquid far off through a narrow pipe. áa-ɨsɨɨdari To follow each other in a line. See: a-yíét ‘To stretch, a-isiijó

pull’; a-ɨsɨŋɨ ́d ‘To pull into line’. v. To

become sour, ferment. isamís ‘To go bad, sour’.

a-ɨsɨɨshɔ́

See: a-kú ‘To

ripen, brew beer’; a-

[North]: a-ɨsɨɨcɔ́,

a-isiicó. v. 1 • To taste sour (eg. milk, lemons). Kɛ́ ́s ́ ̄cɔ̄ kʉná kʉ́lɛ. This milk is sour. (SN).

taste salty. Kɛ́ ́s ́ ̄shɔ̄ aná kíriŋó olêŋ. This piece of meat is too salty. 3 • To want to argue; want to resist an attack. 2 • To

́g. v.prog. To run away, flee, escape. Ɛ́ ́sɨk. He will run away / escape. Ɛɨsɨk ́ta. She is running away. Kɛ́ ́s ́gâ. They have run away. (S). Kóre peê ɛ́dɔ́l iyioó lósowuaní nɛ́arári áaɨsɨg. When the buffalo saw us, they ran away fleeing. (SN). Kɛ́ ́sɨg ́ta rónkon. The dik-diks will run away. (SN). For mk, this is not a permanent departure.

a-ɨs ́k

[North]: a-ɨs

a-isikíé v.inst. To run away with. a-ɨsɨkak ́ v.dat. To flee to. See: a-kúɛ́t ‘To run’; a-ipirrí ‘To run away’. a-ɨsɨkaá v. To spit. Ɛg ́ra ɔltásât aɨsɨkaá inkamʉlák ɔ́ lkumpaú. The old man is spitting saliva (from the chewing) of tobacco. (Pk).

a-ɨsɨkak ́ by’.

Syn: a-nɔtaá

‘To spit’. To spit to.

See: a-nɔtá ‘To

spit close

a-ɨsɨkarrá a-isikitóí

v.mid. To

adorn one's self; be adorned.

be yellow. Éísikítóí túlélēī ɛná tulélēī. This sodom apple is yellow. (Pk). v. To

a-ɨsɨkɔ́ŋ v. To rebuke; chastise. a-isíl [North] v.prog. [North] To comb. Káísílíto ngwé. (=nkúé ?) I'm combing my head. a-isilén v. 1 • To borrow from. Áayewûô ɛldɛ̂ páyian aisilén iropiyianí áainéī. That man has come to borrow money

from me. (Pk). This kind of 'borrowing' implies a promise to return the item, or pay back the money. See: a-pará ‘To borrow without promise to return’. lend to. Áagɨrâ ɛldɛ̂ páyian aisilén iropiyianí ɛnyɛ́na. That man is lending me his money. (Pk). 3 • To have a debt. 2 • To

a-isilenú v.dir. To borrow, indebt one's self; lend; rent. a-ɨsɨl ́g v. 1 • To trust. 2 • To

expect. 3 • To hope. 4 • To promise.

a-ɨsɨlɨgʉ́ To expect. a-isilisíl v.prog. To cause suffering to; trouble, afflict, persecute. See: a-ɨtanyamál ‘To

trouble’.

a-isilisiló [North] v. [North] To be serrated. a-ɨs ́m v. 1 • To take or do by some degree of force (eg. grab, compel, talk down to s.o., plunder). Á ́s ́máyie ɨna k ́tɛ́ŋ hɔ́ɔ ́ nɛ́mɛ́nā áí. I have taken that cow by force (and/or refused to give it back), even though it is not mine. (Pk). Eisimáyie Kónené isilinkiní áinéi. Konene has taken my money by force. (W). See: a-uáp ‘To snatch’; a-yá ‘To take’; a-ɨkɔ́ny; aɨbʉ́ŋ ‘To seize’.

2 • To

accuse unjustifiably.

a-ɨsɨmaá a-ɨsɨmʉ́

v.dir. To

take sth. away by use of strength; seize.

v.dir. 1 • To

lie repeatedly. 2 • To insist on, force an idea on.

a-ɨsɨmaríé

bulldoze one's way to get or do sth. 2 • To take sth. forcefully from s.o. 3 • [North] To kidnap.

a-ɨsɨmak ́ 2 • To

v.dir v.inst. 1 • To

v.dat. 1 • To

force s.o. to do sth.

force in. 3 • To compel towards. 4 • To force to accept.

a-ɨsɨmakinó a-ɨsɨná

v.dat v.mid. 1 • To

plunder or grab from each other. 2 • To struggle against one another. 3 • To force oneself to do sth. v. To

be(come) depressed, troubled, sad; the condition is described as being not happy, sometimes associated with crying, possibly because of a troubling situation. Kɛ́ ́s ́nā. He will get depressed/He gets depressed (ie. he is that kind of person) (Pk). Ɛg ́ra aɨsɨná amʉ̂ étómítíókokí élô aɨsʉmá. He/she is looking sad because he/she has been denied a chance to go to study. (Pk). ɔltʉŋáni ɔɨs ́nā person who is depressed, troubled.

a-ɨsɨnanú v.incep. To become depressed. Kóre peê eyé ŋotonyé Jôn, nɛ́ ́sɨnánu Jôn olêŋ. When Jon's mother passed away, Jon was very depressed.

a-ɨsɨnanúó a-ɨsɨnanúá [West] a-ɨsɨnaníó [North]

v.mid. For

W, the term describes a low quiet mood, perhaps after an individual has cried and cried, that results from a particular situation which cannot be reversed or

helped by others such as failure, victimization, bereavement, complete loss of one's cattle, etc. The feeling may be brief or prolonged. This feeling may also be shared by sympathetic people who know and care about the individual's state. In W, the word would not describe s.o. who is in a low mood for no reason. The primary sense of this term is to have lack, desperate need, and poverty; but it can also be used with reference to a rich person who is sad and depressed.To become depressed; be mentally obsessing on the depression itself or over the situation that has brought about the depression; be sorrowful. Ká ́s ́nánīō olêŋ. I am very depressed (or lonely). (SN). Múntóki aɨsɨnaníó. Stop being dejected/depressed/sad (eg. said to a child who has experienced loss of his/her goat). (SN). Kéísinánīō amʉ̂ nkitók ɛnyɛ́ nátua ŋolé He is feeling loss because his wife died yesterday. (SN). Kéísinánīō amʉ̂ kɛ́taráyiekí nkíshú ɛnyɛ́naá pɔɔk ́. He is poor (needy) because all his cows were raided. (SN). See: a-gɨrá ‘To be quiet’; a-rɔ́k ɔ́shɔ́kɛ ‘To be unsociable’.

a-ɨsɨnɨgá

v.mid. 1 • To

stiffen one's muscles. 2 • To be uneasy; unrelaxed. See: ɔ-s ́nɨg ‘Calf muscle’.

a-isinkán v.prog. To serve; work for; attend. See: o-sinká ‘Slave’. a-ɨsɨŋɨ ́d v. To pull a liquid or a queue into a line; align. See: asɨ ́d ‘To pull into a line’.

a-isionisíón v. To walk hurriedly. Usage: colloquial. aisionisíón aɨŋataá ɨlmaŋátī To walk hurriedly away from the enemies. Syn: a-isiosíón

a-isíóŋ

suspend; hang. 2 • To let down.

a-isiorɔ́g

v.prog. 1 • To

‘To be in a hurry’.

v. To

dampen s.o's excitement about sth.; demotivate, discourage. Ísíórɔ́g ́ta ɛnkɛ́ráí inó, tápala You are demotivating your child, leave it.

a-isiorɔgá v.mid. To be timid, shy; demotivated. a-ɨsɨp ́l v. To isolate; make sth. remain without companion. a-ɨsɨpɨlá v.mid. To stand alone; live alone. a-ɨsɨpɨlʉ́ To bring sth. on its own, without companion. a-ɨsɨpɨlarí To go alone. a-ɨsɨráí v. 1 • To feel remorse for; feel sorry for; This can also be used

for confession in a church, where a person confess to God (before a priest). aɨsɨráí ɨntɔrrɔ̂k To feel sorry for the bad deeds. 2 • To feel or express a desire or hope concerning sth.; wish. Ká ́s ́rai elótótó ɛ Nairobi. I have a desire for the journey to Nairobi. See: a-ŋúár ‘To have a desire for’.

a-ɨsɨrdɨ ́d

2 • To

[North]: a-ɨsʉrdɛɛ́d. v. 1 • To

pull apart.

I-siria Escarpment Maasai person’.

a-ɨsɨrɨkán

n.prop. Isiria

stretch into a line; lengthen.

Escarpment.

See: o-sírianí ‘Siria

v. To

hang meat for using later; dessicate ? See: sɨrɨkán ‘Hung meat’.

a-isirikanaá v. To utilize sth. little by little; spend carefully. aisirikanaá ɛndáa peê mésíóki aɨshʉnyɛ́ To use food little by little so that it doesn't run out soon.

a-ɨsɨrɨr ́ v.s. 1 • To be straight. Ɛshɔmɔ́ yíéyîô ɛmpárɛ̂t nɛ́yaʉ olkíkwá ɔɨsɨr ́rɨ. My mother went to the farm and she brought a (long) straight sugar cane. (W). Kɛ́ ́sɨr ́rɨ. [kɛ́ysɪ ́ɾɪ ̀ɾɪ ́] They are straight. (S). Eisírīrīū ɛlɛ́ shɛ́tā olêŋ. This tree will become straight. (W). Kɛ́g ́ra aisiririé. He is making it straight. See: a-itoriorí ‘To be straight’; a-shó ‘To straighten, be straight’. To make straight, line up. Kéíksiriríto. He is making them straight. (S -K). 2 • [North] 3 • To

be mentally normal. Usage: Colloquial. Eyéwuo ɛnkɛráí

nɛ́mɛ́ ́s ́r ́rɨ aɨtanyamalɨshɔ́. The child that is abnormal has come to cause problems. (Pk).

a-ɨsɨrk ́ny

v. 1 • To

cause an injury or damage by scouring the outer layer of sth. using a rough or sharp object. 2 • To be slippery. See: a-k ́ny ‘To peel off’.

a-ɨsɨrkɨnyarí abrade’.

a-isirŋáŋ

v.dir v.mid. To

slide or slip away.

See: a-ɨsɨrk

́ny ‘To slide;

v. 1 • To

cause temporal shock or inability to continue what one was doing before; hang in the air. 2 • To leave stranded; put ashore on a desolate place and abandon. aisirŋáŋ ɔltʉŋáni te ntîm To leave s.o. stranded in the bush.

a-isirŋaŋá To be stranded. See: a-iŋasíá ‘To worry’. a-ɨsɨrrɨs ́rr v. To urinate drop by drop. Nɛ́ ́tɛrʉ enkítok airút, nɛ́ ́tɛrʉ aɨsɨrɨs ́r ɨnkʉ́lák. The woman started panicking and she started urinating a bit at a time.

a-ɨsɨrɨsɨraá To drop little by little; sprinkle. See: a-lʉ́t ‘To urinate’. a-ɨs ́s v. To express approval of, commend, exalt, glorify. Ɛg ́ra ɨnkɛ́râ áaɨsɨs ɛnkÁí áaranyakɨ. The children are glorifying God (by) singing. (Pk). Míntóki aɨs ́s kɛwɑ́n amʉ̂ mɨláŋ siî íyīē ɨlkʉl ́kā ̄. Stop praising yourself because you are not better than others. (Pk). Á ́sɨs. I will ́ praise him/them. Áaɨsɨs. I will praise you (sg). Ɨsɨs. You (sg) will praise him/them. K ́sɨs. You (sg) will praise me. K ́sɨs. He/They will praise you (sg). Ɛ́ ́sɨs. He/They will praise. Áaɨs ́s. He/They will praise me. Ɛ́ ́sɨs. He/They will praise him/them. Ɛ́ ́sɨs ɨntá ́. He/They will praise you (pl). K ́ɨs ́s. We will praise him/her/it/them. K ́ɨs ́s iyíé. We will praise you (sg). K ́ɨs ́s ɨntá ́. We will praise you (pl). Ɨś ́s ́sɨ. You (pl) will praise him/her/it/them. K ́s ́s ́sɨ. You (pl) will praise

me. K ́sɨs n ́ncɛ. They will praise you (sg). Á ́s ́sa. I praised (s.o.). Áá ́s ́sa. I praised you (sg). Á ́s ́sa ɨntá ́. I praised you (pl). Á ́s ́sa nɨncɛ́. I praised them. Ɨś ́sa. You (sg) praised him/them. K ́s ́sa. (1) You (sg) praised me. (2) He praised you (sg). K ́s ́sâ. (1) They praised you (sg). (2) You (pl) praised me. Ɛ́ ́s ́sá. He praised s.o. Ɛ́ ́s ́sâ They praised s.o. Ɛ́ ́s ́sâ iyíóók. He/they praised us. Ɛ́ ́s ́sâ ɨntá ́. They praised you (pl). Ɛ́ ́s ́sá ɨntá ́. He praised you (pl). K ́sɨsâ. We praised (s.o.). Ɨś ́sâ. You (pl) praised him/them. Ɨś ́sâ iyíóók. You (pl) praised us. Ɛɨsɨs ́. He/They will be praised. Áaɨsɨsak ́. I have been praised. K ́s ́sákɨ. You (sg) have been praised. Ɛɨsɨsákɨ. He/they have been praised. Ɛɨsɨsákɨ ɨntá ́. You (pl) have been praised. Á ́s ́s ́ta nɨnyɛ́. I am praising him/her. Á ́s ́s ́ta nɨncɛ́. I am praising them. Áá ́s ́s ́ta. I am praising you (sg). Á ́s ́s ́ta ɨntá ́. I am praising you (pl). Ɨś ́s ́ta nɨnyɛ́. You (sg) are praising him/her. Ɨś ́s ́ta iyíóók. You (sg) are praising us. K ́s ́s ́ta. (i) You (sg) are praising me. (ii) She is praising you (sg). Ɛɨsɨs ́ta nɨnyɛ́. She is praising him. Ɛɨsɨs ́ta iyíóók. She is praising us. Áaɨsɨsɨta. She is praising me. K ́s ́s ́ta n ́nyɛ. She is praising you (sg). K ́sisɨta. We are praising (s.o.). K ́sɨsɨta nɨncɛ́. We are praising them. K ́sɨsɨta iyíé. We are praising you (sg). Ɨś ́s ́táta iyíóók. You (pl) are praising us. K ́s ́s ́táta. You (pl) are praising me. Ɨś ́s ́táta nɨncɛ́. You (pl) are praising them. K ́s ́s ́ta n ́ncɛ. They are praising you (sg).

a-ɨsɨsá

be renowned. worship, to adore’.

a-ɨsɨsaá a-isísh

v.mid. To

v. To

See: a-rrɛ́p ‘To

praise’; a-sɛrɛ́m ‘To

command a dog to run after s.o. or sth.

[Purko]: a-isíj. v. 1 • To

coax; woo; use 'good' words to try to get

s.o. to do sth. Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aɨs ́sh enkíné mɛtɔ́nyɔra

olkúo. The woman is coaxing the goat to like the kid. (Pk). 2 • To

inflict pain on an animal to make it care for its young; coax. In S, this word is more likely used for goats, sheep, or people, and a-ɨpɛ́k is more likely used for cows. • With reference to animals, this is done on the rare occasion that an animal despises its young. In S, the method varies by the animal as follows: for cows, air is blown into the the birth canal. For goats, their tail is shoved tightly into the birth canal, and perhaps a strap is tied tightly in the mouth. For sheep, the mouth is tied tighly with a strap, and the animal is tethered, and not allowed to graze for a day or so. In Pk, this is done by putting salt into the birth canal of a cow, or putting salt on the young of a sheep or goat. Syn: a-ɨpɛ́k ‘To coax a despising mother’.

a-isishokí v.dat. To coax for. a-isíú v. 1 • To be empty. Kéísiu ɛnkáji. The house is empty. 2 • To be open. Kéísiúta. It is open. (S). a-isiuisíú v. To have openings in many places (eg. several doors and windows).

a-isiusíú v. To blow wind. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɔ̂p aisiusíú amʉ̂ kétíī osiwúó ɛnkɔ̂p. The land is blowing wind. (lit: The land is

blowing-wind because there is wind (in) the land.) (Pk). See: akʉ́t ‘To blow wind’.

a-isiwuokí

v. 1 • To

eat some food in the morning prior to the right

time of eating. 2 • [North] To sleep without eating food; fast.

a-ɨsogɛ́t [Chamus]

v. [Chamus]

To cry. [North] ‘To cry’; a-isogisóg ‘To sob’.

See: a-ɨsh

́r ‘To cry’; a-ɨc ́r

a-isogisóg [North] v. [North] To sob, cry with heavy breathing. a-ɨsɔkɔrʉ́ v. To work to earn; work for. aɨsɔkɔrʉ́ ɛndáa To work to earn food. See: ɛ-sɔ́kɔr ‘Market; workplace; job’.

a-ɨsɔ́m

Variant: a-ɨsʉ́m. v. 1 • To

read. Kéyíólo pápâ aɨsɔ́ma

mpála. My father knows how to read papers/books. (SN). 2 • [North]

read’.

To go to school. Borrowed word: Swahili. See: a-ɨsʉ́m ‘To

a-ɨsɔm ́s v. To be unfresh (as of milk). "Lɔ́ mʉrraní, ɛ́kʉlɛ́ naáropíl íyíéú anáa ɛ́kʉlɛ́ naá ́sɔ̄m ̄s? Oh warrior, do you want milk that is fresh, or milk that is unfresh?

a-ɨsɔm ́t v. To be sour. Ɛɨsɔ́mɨt kʉná lɛ. This milk is sour. (W). a-ɨsɔm ́t v.prog. To pester; harass. See: a-isorú ‘To harass continually’. a-ɨsɔmpɨrá v. To swim. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkáyíóní aɨsɔmpɨrá tɛ nkárɛ.

The boy is swimming in the water. (Pk). See: a-ár ɛnkárɛ́; a-sʉjarɛ́; a-pór ɛŋkárɛ́; a-lɔ́p (ɛŋkárɛ́) ‘To swim’.

a-isór

v. 1 • To

poke about. 2 • To do a rough, incomplete job. This could apply to making a rungu for an impending fight that will be thrown away afterwards, but must be ready quickly, or even making a quick lunch before leaving the house. 3 • To clean up by removing what is not necessary or required. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aisór ɨntaré agɛlʉ́ ɨnaamuêî. The man is removing the unhealthy (or sick) goats and sheep. (Pk).

a-isoroó This could be in a race, when chased, or in leaving a lame cow behind.To leave the rest behind.

a-isordonú [North] v.incep. [North] To get muddy. Kéísórdónó. He got muddy. (S). See: o-sordó ‘Muddy silt’. a-isorú v. To pester. This can be done to a particular person or group of people.

See: a-ɨsɔm

a-ɨsɔs ́ɔ́ [North]

́t ‘To pester’.

v.prog. 1 • [North]

To make sth. complete, finish constructing. This could be a house, a calabash -- but only in finishing initial construction, not in repair. 2 • [North] To restore an animal that can't get up by bringing it food and water. Kɛ́ ́sɔsɨɔn ́ta. He is bringing grass for his cow. (S).

a-isosíón v. 1 • To hurry up. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkáyíóní aisosíón aló ɨntaré. The boy is hurrying to go and look after the goats/sheep. (Pk).

be efficient (eg. in work). ɔltʉŋáni oisósion i) an effecient person ii) a fast person. This refers to a long-term, permanent property. Ant: a-maa ́ ‘To be docile, sluggish’. See: aisionisíón ‘To walk hurriedly’. 2 • To

a-isót v. To drink in sips; sip. aɨsɔ́t kʉlɛ́ To sip milk. a-isotokí This is usually done by warriors. When they get into a

home, of a certain clan, the warrior of that clan will take upon himself to feed the rest. He will visit each house in the homestead to gather gourds of milk for the other warriors. For each gourd, a warrior who opens and take the first sip, aisotokí, passes it on to another who will drink the contents but leave just little, ɔl-mɔ́ŋɔ́, that will be taken back with the gourd.To sip for (ahead of).

a-isotíé To drink along with; eat together with. a-isotú v. 1 • To sip. 2 • To

take milk and other foods after a period of eating meat in the bush. See: a-ɨtashaló ‘To take milk after a meat-eating period’.

a-ɨsuaak ́ [North]

ɨsúák ‘To splash’.

[àɪ ̀swaakɪ ́] v.dat. [North]

To splash onto.

See: a-

a-isuaayá v. 1 • To splash about, "make a splash". Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí aisuaayá ɛnkárɛ́ tɛ bɔ́ɔ. The child is splashing out water

outside the house. (Pk). 2 • To pour out violently, dump out into the open (as when rinsing out a cup). 3 • To sprinkle around. See: a-isúák ‘To splash’; a-ibukoó ‘To pour away’.

a-isúák v. To splash about, make a splash; sprinkle. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí aisúák kʉlɛ́ tɛ bɔ́ɔ. The child is splashing out milk

outside the house. (Pk). See: a-isuaayá ‘To splash about, "make a splash"’.

a-ɨsʉ́c [North]

v. [North]

To wash dishes. This cannot be used for washing clothes. See: a-ɨsʉ́sh1 ‘To clean a calabash’; a-ɨsʉ́j ‘To wash sth.’.

a-isudoó v. 1 • To hide sth. physical. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí asiudoó ɛmbúku tɛ nk ́lâ. The child is hiding the book in the cloth. (Pk).

put aside for safekeeping. Ɛg ́ra ɨnkɛ́ra asiudoó intóto ɛnyɛ̂. The children are putting aside their pebbles for safekeeping.(Pk). 2 • To

a-isudoríé To hide from s.o. a-isudoró To be hidden. a-isudorí To hide oneself. Néísudóri, nɛ́jɨŋ ɛnkɨt ́ gúmótó. It hid, it entered into a small hole. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí nátaará ɛnká ́ asiudorí. The child who beat the other is hiding. (Pk). Kéísudóri táatá. He/she is hiding now. Kéísudórí táatá. He/she will be hidden. (SN). a-isudoriyíé To use sth. as a hiding place for sth. else. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkáyíóní asidudoriyíé embúku ɔlbɛ́nɛ́. The boy is hiding the book in the bag. (Pk).

a-isudokí To hide sth. for s.o. See: a-nʉ́k ‘To hide information’. a-ɨsʉgaá v. 1 • To sniff; inhale. Ɛg ́ra ɛmpapá aaɨsʉgaá ɔlcaní. My father is trying to sniff the medicine. (W). See: ɛnaɨsʉg ́ ‘Snuff’. 2 • [North] To sniffle.

a-ɨsʉgʉ́m

v.prog. To

coerce; cause s.o. to do sth. through pressure or necessity physically or emotionally. aɨsʉgʉ́m mɛ́ ́nɔsá ɛndáa nɛ́mɛ́nyɔ́r To coerce to eat food that he doesn't like. Borrowed word: Swahili, 'sukuma'.

a-ɨsʉgʉmak ́ To coerce s.o. to do sth. a-ɨsʉgʉsʉ́g v. 1 • To sob. Ɛɨsʉgʉ́sʉg ɛnkɛráí teníār ̄. A child will sob when beaten. 2 • [North] To whimper, weep quietly.

pull in air audibly through the nose; sniff. Ɛg ́ra oldîâ aɨsʉgʉsʉ́g amʉ̂ eiŋúáyie ɛndââ. The dog is sensing an odor of food by audibly inhaling through the nose. See: aɨsʉgaá ‘To inhale’. 3 • To

a-ɨsʉ́ ́

[àɪ ̀swɪ ́] v. 1 • To

roast, singe, scorch, so as to be able to peel off an outer layer of skin or bark. Ɛ́ ́sʉɨ ɨláyiok ɛlʉ́kʉ́nyá é nkíní áanya. The boys will singe/roast (CHECK) the goat's head for eating. The skin must be on the piece roasted (usually the head), but singeing is not necessarily done for the purpose of removing the skin. (S). 2 • [North] To warm up before singing and dancing, by jogging and shouting. In S, this is done in a straight line away from the group and back, one at a time. In K, the jogging is done in circles.

a-ɨsʉɨyá To be singed. See: ɛn-aɨsʉ ́ ‘Burnt head’. a-ɨsʉɨshɔ́ v. To be sour (eg. milk), bitter (eg. unripe fruit). Ɛɨsʉ ́shɔyú kʉ́lɛ ná ́rragâ ɨnkɔ́lɔŋɨ kúmōk. The milk

that lays out for many days will become sour. Milk, when old, can be either a-ɨsuɨshɔ́ 'sour', or /a-dúá/ 'bitter'. Whether it becomes 'sour' or 'bitter' depends upon where the milk comes from. If it comes directly from the cow, then the milk turns 'sour', and its sour form is suitable for serving. However, if the milk comes out of a carton, then it is not considered fresh and as soon as it becomes old, it is no longer considered to be suitable for any sort of consumption. Óre ɔlŋanayíói lɛɨtʉ́ ɛkʉ́ náa kɛ́ ́sʉ́ɨshɔ. A fruit that is not ripe is sour. (Pk).

a-isuishíé, a-isuijíé To make sour; make bitter. See: a-dúá ‘To be bitter’; a-isiijó ‘To be sour’.

a-ɨsʉ́j

wash sth. aɨsʉ́j ɨnkɨlání tɛ nkárɛ To wash clothes with water. 2 • To wash clothes. v. 1 • To

a-ɨsʉjá

1 • To

be washed. 2 • To wash self, take a bath, wash hands.

a-ɨsʉjayú To be washable. See: a-itukó ‘To wash’. a-itukú: ‘wash’. a-isukúd v. To make s.o. squat, crouch. a-isukudó v.mid. To squat; crouch. a-isukudó [North] v.mid. [North] To squat. a-ɨsʉkʉ́t v.s. To be sour; salty. Ámaâ kɛ́kʉlɛ́ naárropîl íyíéú anáa kɛ́kʉlɛ́ náá ́sʉkʉ̂t? Do you like fresh milk, or unfresh milk? Tɔrrɔ̂k kʉ́lɛ náaɨsʉkʉ̂t. The milk that is sour is not good. (W).

a-ɨsʉkʉtán [North] v. [North] To go sour. a-ɨsʉ́l1 v. 1 • To excel, be the best. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkáyíóní nányɔk aɨsʉ́l inkulîê tɛ sukúul. The boy who works hard is excelling in the class. (Pk). ɔltʉŋáni ɔ ́sʉl a person who is the best/excells. 2 • For

sth. to especially or particularly be the case. Nɛ́ākʉ̄

kéírímo ɔltʉŋáni ɛnkómom nɛ́ ́sʉ̄l inkúmeishin.

Somebody will have a spotted face, and particularly the nose. (Pk).

a-ɨsʉ́l2 v.prog. 1 • To whistle (either through the teeth or the hands). Ɛ́ ́sʉ́l ́ta. He is whistling. (W). Ɛɨsʉ́lāk ̄. He will whistle to him. (W).

whistle to. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aɨsʉ́l inkíshú etií shoó. The man is whistling to the cows while herding the cows. (Pk). 2 • To

a-ɨsʉlɨcɔ́ [North] [North] To whistle. a-ɨsʉ́m v.prog. 1 • To read, study. Á ́sʉ́m ́ta embúku sídáí. I'm ́ reading a good book. Ɨsʉmá embólúnotó eoŋúán. You

should study chapter four [eg. for the exam]. (W).

teach. Kɛ́g ́ra áaɨsʉmɨ aké íyīē subjects kúmok olêŋ. They are teaching many subjects. Borrowed word: Swahili. 2 • To

a-ɨsʉmɛ́

be educated, learnèd. ɔɨsʉ́mɛ one who is educated, learnèd. See: a-ɨsɔ́m ‘To read’. v.mid. To

a-ɨsʉmásh

be hungry. Á ́sʉ́māshā olêŋ. I became very hungry. (W). Á ́sʉ́māshū. I will become hungry. (W). Mayíéú náló inkíshú táatá amʉ̂ alo aɨsʉmásh. I don't want to go look after cows today because I will feel hungry. (W). See: ɛ-sʉ́mash ‘Hunger’.

a-isunkúr

v.s. To

pretend; be hipocritical. itaakunó ‘To pretend’.

a-ɨsʉ́ŋ

v. To

See: mákár ‘Pretend’; a-

fill up to the brim. aɨsʉ́ŋ ɛnkárɛ́ tɔ ltôô To fill up the barrel with water. v. To

a-ɨsʉŋá To be filled up. a-ɨsʉŋʉsʉ́ŋ v. 1 • To sound as if the nose is pinched. 2 • To

speak through the nose or when you have a cold. See: aɨsʉ́ŋ ‘To fill up’.

a-isúr v.prog. 1 • To poke, prod. aisúr olpááshíé metúpukú ɔlasʉráí To prod the fence so that the snake will get out. Áísúríto. I am poking it. (Pk). 2 • To speak badly of s.o. or sth. aisúr ɔltʉŋáni peê mɛ́gɛ́lʉ́n ̄ To speak badly about a person so that he/she is not elected. aisúr entítō peê mɛ́yám ́ To speak ill of a girl so that she does not get married (Pk). Áísúrito. I am speaking

badly of/poking/combing sth. See: a-inórr ‘To slander’. Ant: a-rrɛ́p ‘To praise, talk good about’. comb hair. aisúr ɨlpáp ́t peê esidanú To comb the hair so that he/she looks nice (Pk). 4 • To stoke the fire to stop it from dying out. 3 • To

To do sth. very early in the morning. Káísúr lotóto aló Nairóbi. I will go very early in the morning to Nairobi. (S). 5 • [North]

a-isurokí To poke into, thrust into. a-isurú v.dir. [North] To try, test. a-ɨsʉrbʉ́b v. To draw in or away by the force of suction. aɨsʉrbʉ́b ɛnkárɛ́ To draw in water by suction.

a-ɨsʉrdɛɛ́d [North]

v. 1 • [North]

To lengthen. 2 • [North] To tear up sth. large. Wagner (n.d., p. 119) notes this may refer to the work of a wild animal who has torn open the intestines of his prey and spread them all over. See: a-ɨsɨrdɨ ́d ‘To lengthen’.

a-ɨsʉrdɛɛ́ny v. To treat with contempt; mock. aɨsʉrdɛɛ́ny ɔltʉŋáni To mock a person. a-isureén v. To cut up meat and dry it. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aisureén inkírí. The man is cutting and drying meats. See: asureén ‘To cut up meat’.

a-isurokí [North] 2 • To

v. 1 • [North]

To walk quickly, be off quickly.

slip or slide into. 3 • [North] To burn off. See: a-isúr ‘To prod’; a-p ́k ‘To put into’.

a-isuruanú [North] v.incep. [North] To become sky blue, silvery. a-isurutianú [North] v.incep. [North] To become bronze or brasscoloured.

a-isus

v. To

fry or roast fermented corn over an open fire, until it is all brown in color.

a-ɨsʉsʉnkát v. To have a quick intelligence; be active; be smart. a-ɨsʉ́sh [North]2 v. [North] To make or command a dog to run after s.o. or sth.

a-ɨsʉ́sh1

2 • To

v. 1 • To

clean a calabash.

clean a container. 3 • To annihilate; wipe out.

a-ɨsʉshá a-isuujinó

v.mid. To

be cowardly. 2 • To have social weaknesses (eg. to not interact well, be unable to argue out one's opinions and concerns, be unable fight). See: o-suují ‘Coward’.

a-isuutó

v. 1 • To

be cleaned as in calabash.

v. To

be unhappy, dull.

a- ́sh

finish; end; be complete. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkíguran a ́sh ɛ́ ́tʉ̂ k ́dɔ̂l pɔɔk ́. The play is ending before we see it all. (Pk). Kótoyó alɛ́ ránkī lapatín aré oóɨshâ. This paint dried two months ago. (SN). Note: See usage note at a-ɨd ́p. See: aɨd ́p ‘To finish’; a-itíŋ ‘To finish’. v.prog. 1 • To

die; vanish. Ɛɨ́ sh ɛlɛ́ tʉ́ŋání. This man will die. (He is ill and in the process of dying.). Ɛg ́ra ɔlkúóô ómuei a ́sh. The sick kid is dying. (Pk). Ɛ́ ́shá. He is dead. See: a-yɛ́ ‘To die’; a-itianyá ‘To die’; a-ishú ‘To be alive’. 2 • To

1• 2•

a-ɨshaá

1 • To

2 • To

fit.

take away everything.

a-ishíé To bring it to an end; finish. a-ɨshʉ́ v.dir. In some suffixed forms: ɨshʉn. To finish sth.; complete. ́ ́ra ɛnkɛráí Ɛ ́shʉ ɛnkárɛ́. He will finish the water. Ɛg aɨshʉ́ kʉlɛ́ naátií enkúkúrí. The child is finishing the milk that is in the calabash. (Pk). Ná ́shʉ̄̀ ɨlarín aáre. I finished two years [in school]. (C). Níkipuo áaɨshʉ̄̀ táatá iwíkií uní. We will go and stay [there] for (to complete) three weeks. (C). Áíshūā ŋolé. I finished it yesterday. Ɛɨshúá ɔlápúrróní ɛnkɛɛnɛ́ ɛnyɛ́. The thief completed his jail term. (Pk). See: a-ɨd ́p ‘To finish sth.’.

be finished. Ɛɨshʉ́nyɛ̄̀. ~ Ɛ́ ́shʉ́nyɛ. It is finished (eg. the work, the sugar). (K). Nɛ́ɨshʉ́nyɛ̄̀ ɛnkátiní âî téínê. [ɛnkátiní àì] My story ends there. Kɛ́ɨshʉ́nyɛ ɛsʉ́kari. The sugar is finished. Káaɨshʉ́nyɛ ɔlkásî. My work is finished.

a-ɨshʉnyɛ́

a-ɨshak ́

v.dir v.mid. To

do everything possible vis-à-vis s.o. Á ́sháka. (i) I have filled it. (ii) I have said it all. (iii) I have given it all to him. Ɛt́ ányá ɔlpáyian ɛpalɨk ́ enkitók ɛnyɛ́ hɔ́ɔ ́ 1 • To

nɛ́ɨshaká ɛsáyíátá ɛnyɛ́ pɔɔk ́. The man has refused to forgive his wife even though she has done all the desperate pleading for it with him that she can. (Pk).

give the whole of; give fully. aɨshak ́ inkíshú To give all the cows. Káaishakíne ncân. The whole rain has rained on me (and I am completely wet.) (S). 2 • To

a-ɨsharí

1 • To

disappear entirely, pour out wholly.

die, be dead. Ɛg ́ra Jôn adɛmʉ́ ŋótónyé naɨshárɨ. Jon is remembering his mother who has passed away (ie. died). (W). 2 • To

a-ishakenú v.dir. To testify. Kélóíto aɨshakenú tɛ nkíguana táatá. He is going to testify in the meeting. (Pk). a-ishakenokí v.dat. To be a witness to. a-ishakenoó v.dir. To testify (publicly). Éntolíkí ɨltʉ́ŋáná méítokí áapuo áaishakenoo imónko tɔɔ́ nkíguɛnaritín. Tell the people to stop testifying lies in a-ɨshál

meetings. (Pk). See: shákénisho ‘Testimoney’. v. 1 • To

2 • To

a-ɨshám

be wet.

Usage: clothes,

people. Kɛ́ ́shal. It is wet. (S).

be alive. Usage: trees. Kɛ́ ́shal. It is alive. (S). [North]: a-ɨcamɨcám,

a-ɨshamɨshám. v. 1 • To taste (without

swallowing). n ́ákʉ́ enduarán kʉ́lɛ̄ oo nkíshú áinéí tɛ n ́nchām. and the milk of my cows be bitter if you taste. 2 • [North] To smell. 3 • To try.

a-ɨsham ́shám [àyʃìāmǐʃíám.] To taste sth., taste thoroughly. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkáyíárání aɨsham ́shám ɛndáa. The cook is tasting the food. (Pk). See: a-ɨnyɔrɨnyɔ́r ‘To taste’.

a-ɨshankárr v. To argue, quarrel, haggle. Nélo aɨshankárr ɨlɔmɔ́n nɛ́laikinôî áatoliki ɛs ́pátá. He argued until he could not be told the truth. (lit: He goes to argue talk and he

was failed to (be) told the truth.) (Pk). See: a-ɨlɛpɨlɛ́p ‘To make noise’; a-ɨtanyamál ‘To bother’.

a-ɨshankarrakinó together.

v.dat v.mid. To

argue with each other, argue

a-ɨshankárr v. To argue, quarrel, haggle. Nélo aɨshankárr ɨlɔmɔ́n nɛ́laikinôî áatoliki ɛs ́pátá. He argued until he could not be told the truth. (lit: He goes to argue talk and he was failed to (be) told the truth.) (Pk). See: a-ɨlɛpɨlɛ́p ‘To make noise’; a-ɨtanyamál ‘To bother’.

a-ɨshankarrakinó together.

a-ishankíl a-ɨshankúl

v. To

v.dat v.mid. To

loiter; wander.

v. To

argue with each other, argue

See: ɔl-cánkílí ‘Loitering

splash, stir up water. by an object that dips into water’.

See: shankúl ‘The

donkey’.

sound made

a-ushaŋitíé v. To waste, fritter away. a-ishiaá v. To be iconic; have a form that directly indicates function; worth. Kéíshíaa peê eitobiríéki ingumót. It is obvious (visually clear) that the function of this is to make holes [referring to a knife].

a-ishiarí To develop properly. oshî aké náashiári that

always go properly (C). See: a-ishiaakinó ‘To coincide with; be appropriate’; a-narɛ́; a-iririkí; a-nyɔrɛ́ ‘To be suitable’; ɨ-lálá lɛ́ kishiaá ‘Upper front teeth’.

a-ɨshɨaak ́ v.dat. To put sth. just right. a-ishiaakinó v. 1 • To be appropriate, suitable, proper. Kéíshiaakínō níkinyotóto áapuo ɛnkají ɔɔ́ Kent It is appropriate that we begin going to the house of Kent. Óre ɔlpayíán ɔ́ enkitók ɛnyɛ́ náa osésen obô nɛ́ākʉ̄ kéíshiaakínō nɛ́nyɔ̄rrā. A husband and his wife are one body and they should love one another. Kéíshiaakínō nɛ́ya intóiwúó naata ɛnk ́d ́mátá ɨnkɛ́ra sukúul. Parents

with the ability should take their children to school. (Pk). Ɛg ́ra ɛná báɛ̂ aishiaakinó peê ɛ́ ́d ́p ̂ tené. It is suitable for this matter to be settled here. (Pk). 2 • To coincide with.

be suitable. Kéíshíáákíno. It is suitable. (S). 4 • To be directly opposite, or directly in line with sth.; aligned. For example, as when two people sit face to face. 3 • To

a-ishiaakinoré 1 • To correspond to; be in line with. Éíshíáákínore olcáni ɛŋápɛ́. The tree is in line with the house-pole. (Pk). Kéíshiaakínoré. It is in line with it/him/her. 2 • To be opposite. 3 • To concide with.

a-ishiaak ́ 1 • To do sth. right, correctly. Kéíshɨááká enkítíbírata enkají. He has made the house in the right way. (S). Káɨshɨááká lomón latílíka. The information I

have given is right. (S). 2 • To attach or position securely; direct unwaveringly toward; put sth. where it belongs (eg. directly in the center).

a-ishiaakinoré

v tr. 1 • To

coincide with spatially, be in line with, be opposite to. Eishiaakínoré olcáni ɛŋápé. The tree is in line with the house-pole. (Pk). coincide with temporally, correspond to. Eéwuo ɛnkɔ́jɔŋáni aishiaakinoré ɛr ́shátá ɛ́ncān. The coming of mosquito has come to correspond to the rainy season. (Pk). See: a-narɛ́; a-iririkinó; a-nyɔrɛ́ ‘To be suitable’; ɛnaishía ‘What is required’. 2 • To

a-ishiaát a-ishíák

v. To

be fit; beautiful.

v. 1 • To

a-ishíám

v. To

taste.

See: shíáát ‘To

find, come upon. 2 • To be opposite.

be fit; beautiful’.

a-ishiamishám To taste sth. See: ɔl-cháméí ‘Taste’. a-ɨshɨásh v. To smash. a-shɨashá v.mid. To be smashed, be flat. a-ɨsh ́m v.prog. 1 • To chew and suck juice out of sth. (eg. from bones, leaves, sugar cane). Á ́sh ́m ́ta olkikúá. I am chewing the sugar cane. (W).

́ Ɨncɨmɨshɨmákɨ aɨtɛrʉ́ ɔlkɨdɔŋɔ́ɨ ɔmɛshɔ́mɔ aɨpáŋ tɛ lʉkʉnyá. Pierce me starting from the tail upto the 2 • Pierce.

end of the head.

a-ishír v. To prosper. See: a-bʉ́l ‘To increase’. a-ishiró v.mid. To be prosperous. a-ɨsh ́r v.prog itr. 1 • To weep, cry. Nkɛ́ráí narɔny ́tá ́ ná ́shɨrɨta. It is the child who is being shaved that is crying. (SN). Nélo aɨsh ́r mɛ́ ́shɔrɨ enkitók ɛnyɛ́ bótór. He went to cry to be given back his senior wife.. Ká ́sh ́rʉ̀ erététo táatá. I will cry for help today. 2 • To make a high pitched noise, such as metal striking metal. Ɛg ́ra ɔltualá lé sekenkêî aɨsh ́r. The metalic bell is making a high-pitched sound. (Pk). complain, with expectation of sympathy. Eyéwuo olmórûô ɔ́ata esíle aɨsh ́r metúduŋokiní. The debtor has come to complain so that he may have the debt reduced. (Pk). 3 • To

a-ɨshɨrak ́

1 • To

cry for. 2 • To appeal to, beg, implore.

a-ɨshɨrrɨsh ́r, a-ɨshɨrɨsh ́r 1 • To whimper. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí k ́tɨ aɨshɨrrɨsh ́r. The little child is whimpering. (Pk). 2 • [North]

a-ɨshɨrt ́t

slick.

To cry many times. See: a-ɨshɨrʉ́ ‘To seek help from’.

v. 1 • To

be slick. Kɛ́ ́sh ́rtɨt ɛná mártî. This cliff is

slide, skid. Ág ́rā aɨshɨrt ́t tɛ mártī. I am sliding from the cliff. Syn: a-ɨdɛkɛ́t ‘To be slick’. 2 • To

a-ɨshɨrʉ́ [North] v.dir. To seek help or aid from. Eishírúá ɛnkɛráí ŋɔ́tɔ́nyɛ́ The child has gone to seek help from her mother. Kɛ́ ́sh ́ɛ́rʉa. He has come for help. (S). Kɛ́ ́sh ́r ́tʉ́a. They have come for help. (S). Káaɨshɨráka. He has come to me for help. (S). See: a-ɨc ́r [North] ‘To cry’.

a-ɨshɨrrɨsh ́r See: a-ɨsh ́r ‘To weep’. a-ishíú In some suffixed forms: ishiun. v itr. To recover from illness, heal; be well. Kɛ́j ̄ŋ aké némūēyū pɛ́nyɔ néíshīū. It just enters him and he becomes a bit sick and he recovers. Áíshíúwúó dúóó. I recovered today. Eishíutúo ɨntáre. The sheep have recovered. Kéíshíúa lk ́rɔ́b ̂. He has recovered from cold. (S).

a-ishiunyé v.inst. To cause s.o. recover from illness; heal, cure. Ɛg ́ra ɛlɛ́ sháni ŋejúk aishiunyé iltámueiyia. The new medicine has cured the sick. (Pk). Eishíúnyīē ɔltʉŋáni ɨlɔ̂ sháni. The person has gotten healed using that medicine. Eishíúnyīē olábáání ɛnkɛ́ráí. The treater has healed the child.

a-ishuyíé a-ishó

v.inst. To

live because of; depend on sth. or s.o. to live. See: a-itomwáí; a-apatɛ́ ‘To cure’; a-bák ‘To treat’; a-ɨtɔpɔ́k ‘To give health’; a-itagól ‘To make strong’. [For at least some speakers: [àyshíó] (K)] PF: toíshē

[toíshīē]. v.apass. 1 • To

give birth, bear offspring. Ɛg ́ra ɛnk ́tɛŋ aishó ti aúluo. The cow is giving birth outside the kraal. (Pk). Néjî, etoíshē ɛnapá tɔmɔnɔn ́. It is reported that the woman who was pregnant has given birth. (K). Kétoíshe. She gave birth. (Pk W). Kétiíshe. She gave birth. (S). Etoíshē, nélau. She has given birth, and lost (the child; ie. the child died). 2 • To

bear fruit. Ɛg ́ra ɔlcáni aishó ayíú ɨlŋanayíó

kúmok. The tree is bearing many fruits. (lit: The tree is

bearing [intransitive] to bear [transitive] many fruits.) (Pk). See: a-iú ‘To give birth’.

a-ɨshɔ́

[North]: a-ɨcɔ́. In some suffix forms: a-ɨshɔ́r. v.prog. 1 • To

give, deliver,

bestow, donate, furnish. Náa kɛ́ ́shɔ̄ ɔláyíóní entítō inkíshú. And the boy will give cows to the girl. (W). Ɛɨshɔ́ ɔlpáyian ɔlmʉ́rráni inkíshú. The old man will give the warrior cows. (W). Áaɨshɔɔ́ náají ɔlashʉmpáí ɛntarubíni ɛnyɛ̂ maɨŋórie ɨltɔmíá oókito ɛnkárɛ́. The European gave me his binoculars to observe elephants drinking water. (Pk). Káaɨshɔɔ́. He gave it to me. (S). Áaɨshɔɔk ́ oltúpa láp ́k ɔlcaní. I have been given a bottle that I will keep (my) medicine in. (Pk). Á ́shɔ́ɔ Nkɛ́ppɛ́n ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. I gave the cow to Nkeppen. (W). Áíshóóyie ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. I gave a cow. (W). Á ́shɔ́ɔy ́ ɔ̄ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. I am giving a cow. (W). Áaɨshɔrɨta oldîâ. She is giving me the dog. (W). K ́ncɔ́r ́ta oldîâ. You ́ are giving me the dog. (W). Ɨncɔ́ r ́ta oldîâ nɨnyɛ́. You are giving the dog to him. (W). Áá ́shɔ́r ́ta oldîâ. I am giving the ́ dog to you. (W). Á ́shɔ́r ́ta ɔlpayíán ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. I am giving the cow to the man. (W). Shɔ́mɔ íyaʉ́ enteré peê eidoŋíéki isekétek l ́k ́ncɔ́rɨ. Go and bring a mortar for the grinding of traditional medicine that will be given to you. (Pk). Ómo apá enkêr náíshooyiokí. The sheep that was given away was light brown. emit, cite. N ́kɨncɔrʉ iróreí lɔɔ́ lMáásâ ̂. We will give you Maasai words [to respond to]. 3 • To perform, do. 2 • To

let, allow, permit. Nɛ́ ́shɔ aké peê élô. And he let him go. Náa ɛ́mɨncɔ́ táatá ɨlashɔ́ epúó ɛndâ sɛ́dɛr. And don't let the calves go to that side (of the hill) today. (Pk). Óre nɛ́nâ lɛ́ n ́ncɔ ekú. That milk, you let it coagulate. (KS). 4 • To

Tɔ́bɔla ́nâ kíné peê ɛɨshɔrʉ mɛ́tanaa olkúó. Hold that goat by mouth so that it can allow its kid to suckle. (Pk). aɨshɔ́ ɛnkɛ́ráí mɛshɔ́mɔ ɔ́pɛny to let the child go alone. Ɛt́ ɔ́n doí mɛ́ ́shɔ́ ɛncalán é tómónisho ́nâ kitók epukú tiáji. The weakness of the postpartum stage does not allow that woman to come out of the house. (Pk). Kɛ́yā ɔláshɛ̂ ɛnɛ̂ kerretí mmɛɨshɔ́ élô. The lamb is sick at the two protruding hoof-like pieces of flesh on the hooves so it cannot walk. (Pk). Nɛ́ ́shɔɔ́shɔ ɔlpáyian ɔlmʉ́rráni inkíshú. The old man gave cattle bit by bit to the warrior (ie. a few at a time, over a long period of time). (W). See: a-irúk; a-nyɔrraá ‘To permit’.

a-ɨshɔɔ́ síádí To leave sth. behind. Á ́shɔ́ɔ síádí ɨmbáa tɔrrɔ̂k. I have left bad things behind. (lit: I have given my backside to bad things.).

a-ɨshɔɔyɔ́

1 • To

give away. 2 • To betray. See: áa-ishoro ‘To give one another’.

a-ɨshɔ́ ɔlmʉmáî This is the first stage in a marriage engagement process.To give an oath.

a-ɨshɔrʉ́ To hand in; give out towards point of reference. See: a- ́shɔ́

ishoró ‘To give (Middle); to be in good moods’.

[North]: -ɨcɔ. PF: -íshie. In some suffixed forms: -

́shɔ́r. voi. 1 • Antipassive verb suffix, typically indicating ability or habitual action. Disallows expression of the Object of an otherwise transitive root. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpayíáni aitarruó esíái ɛ́ masho aarɨshɔ́. The man is ruining the ceremony by fighting (people). (Pk).

Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aɨtɨp ́j ɔlayíóni lɛnyɛ́ peê ɛɨrɨsh ́shɔ. The man is inspiring his son to fight back. (Pk). Ɛnyá ́shɔ́ olkónoi. [ɛnyɛ́ɪ ́shɔ́] The olkónoi eats (people). (W). ɔltʉŋáni ɔyɛ́k ̄shɔ̄ a person who is troublesome. Néduŋishó ɔláyíóní tɛ ntîm. The boy was cutting in the

forest. (W). Kérícō rrárrat ɛ́ ltupá. Pieces of a broken bottle do hurt. (SN). Ɛtamíshie. He ate. Káyíéú náítóki aasishoré Mɛɨpɔny ́. I want to work with Meiponyi. (Pk).

enkítísho babyhood. a-ishók v. To herd; take care of. aishók inkíshú To herd cows. a-ishokú To herd in order to get sth. in return. aishokú entítō To herd in order to be given a girl. This is normally 2 • Nominalizer.

done by a young man (after graduating from warriorhood) who wants to get married. He will herd s.o. else's livestock for a number of years and in return will be given a girl to marry. He will not be compensated in any other form, except marrying a girl from that family. Herding might stop immediately after marriage, although some families might request the newly-married man to "help" them, but he is not "required" to. See: shoó ‘Herding’.

a-ishololó enk-ishón

v.mid. To

watch, keep guard.

n. 1 • Life.

2 • Luck. See: enk-íshúí ‘Life’.

a-ɨshɔŋɨshɔ́ŋ

v. 1 • To

slope down. 2 • To get close to the end of sth.

a-ɨshɔɔbɔ́ [North] naked’.

v.mid. [North]

a-ɨshɔɔbɔkinó [North] prepared for it.

a-ishóp

[North]: a-ishopó,

To be naked.

n. [North]

See: sɨpáti ‘Being

To do sth. without being

a-icopó. v.prog. To dress; wear; put on clothes or ornaments. Néíshōp ɨlkɨlánī. They wear robes (made of skin). Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí aishóp ɛnkɨlâ ɛnyɛ́ sídáí. The child is wearing his best shirt. (Pk). Néíshóp ɨnk ́laní ɛ́nyɛ. Their clothes are too big for him. (lit: Their clothes will wear him/her.). Káke ɛshɛ́ta áaɨtɔbɨrakɨ intukutukí náaīshopito ɛlɛ̂ mʉrraní. The concave shoes that this

warrior are wearing are well made. (Pk). Éshóp kɛwɔ́n. He will dress himself (eg. with effort) (W).

a-ishopíé v.inst. To make s.o. dress themself. a-ishopó v.mid. To be dressed, get dressed, dress self. Kéíshíópō nánga. He will put the coat on. (S). Íncopó ɛnkɨlá ɛ́síai Put on the work clothes.

a-ishopokí v.dat. To dress s.o. Eishopokíní oshî ilmerégēshī olconí peê mɛ́ ́t ́ámák ́ ɨntarɛ́. The rams are dressed with skin aprons so they don't mate with the sheep.

a-ishoró v.mid. Usage: plural. To give sth. to one another. Ɛg ́ra ɨlcɔ́rɛta áaishoro ɨnkashó. The friends are giving to one another a heifer. (Pk). See: a-ɨshɔ́ ‘To give’.

a-ishorunó

v.dir v.mid. 1 • To

have been given in this direction. 2 • To be allowed; lawful.

be in good moods. Mɛár ̄shɔ̄ olpáyian amʉ̂ kéíshorúnō dúóó táatá. The man will not beat/fight because he is in good moods today. 3 • To

áa-ishoro olesérē To say goodbye. a-ishú [West]: a-ishíú. [North]: a-icú. v.s. 1 • To live, be alive. Eishú. He is alive. Kéíshú ɔltʉ́ŋání pɔ́ɔk ̄ ̄ ɔ́ ́rɔ. Every person that speaks is alive. (Pk). Íncu. You are alive. (S). Kéícu. [kéytʃu] He is alive. (S). Eshú. It is alive. (W). 2 • To

be a good person in everything.

a-ishuushú To be alive but at the point of death. a-ɨshʉ́ To finish sth. See: a- ́sh ‘To finish; die’. a-ishúɛ́l v. To beat with a stick. See: shúɛl ‘The sound made by a stick’.

enk-íshúí

n. Life,

ishú ‘To live’.

breath of life. Enkishaákɛ. Life is good.

enk-íshúí intárasí

Usage: Christian. Eternal

life.

See: enk-

See: a-

ishón ‘Life’.

a-ishukushukoó away’.

a-ishukuún

v. To

throw sth. away.

See: a-ɨtʉraá ‘To

throw

v.prog. To

participate in eating meat one has not participated in contributing. aishukuún ɨlmʉ́rran To participate in eating meat that belongs to warriors.

a-ishulugó [North] be isolated’.

v.mid. [North]

To be isolated.

See: a-liyíó ‘To

a-ɨshʉnɛ́t v. To give thanks and honour. See: ɛn-cʉ́nɛ́t ‘Thanks’. a-ishúr v.s. To go without hurt; be saved. Áíshur. I will be saved. a-ishuró v.mid. 1 • To be saved. 2 • To be successful. Áíshúro tɛ súkuul. (i) I was successful in school. (W) (ii) I was saved in school. (lk). Eishúrô tɛ nkiŋorúnotó. (i) They were successful in the search. (W) (ii) They were saved from the trouble of looking for sth. (K). Note: The progressive is disallowed with this verb.

a-ishurá

v. To

a-ɨshʉrá

v.mid. To

get burned by excessive heat so as to affect color or taste; overcook. See: a- ́k ‘To get burned by heat’. be overcooked. Ɛyshʉ́rā. It (might be somewhat) overcooked. Ɛyshʉ́rɛ. Ɛyshʉ́rāyū. It will become overcooked.

a-ɨshʉrtʉ́t

v. 1 • To

can; beat. 2 • To strip bare; remove the outer covering.

a-ɨshʉrtʉtʉ́ To remove from its cover. a-ɨshʉrtʉtarí To go unscathed. a-ishúsh [North] v. [North] To walk like a drunkard (whether a-ít

due to intoxication or not); stagger.

v.prog. To

speak a language badly, speak like a foreigner with an accent. Áítíto I speak with accent. Ɛg ́ra olmeekí aít tɛ nɛ́ ́rɔ Maâ. The Kikuyu is speaking with an accent when he

a- ́t

speaks Maa. (Pk).

do in intervals or installments. Ká ́t ́tā. I am doing (sth.) in installments. Kááɨt. I will do to you (sth.) in installments. This could be used for paying a bride price in installments, paying a debt in installments, writing a paper in sections.

v.prog. 1 • To

pull out meat from boiling water. Ká ́t ́ta. I'm pulling the meat out. (S). 2 • To

a-ɨtaá To carry away one at a time. a-ɨtʉ́ v.dir. To remove items one at a time. The directional verb form

takes the item unloaded as the grammatical Object. The items unloaded are of a size one can carry. The source from which items are removed is not like an enclosed bag, but could be a city, a school campus, a car, a table, etc. Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aɨtʉ́ ilolân to síkíria. The woman is unloading the luggage from the donkey. Ɛshɔ́mɔ ɛnkɛráí aɨtʉ́ ilkuóo oótií ɔlálɛ́. The child is taking out the kids/lambs one at a time. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí aɨtʉ́ inkikompení tɛ m ́sâ adány The baby is removing cups one at a time from the table to break them. Ɛ ́tʉ. He will take one out one at a time (from end of set). See: a-ɛ́t ‘To empty a container by removing items one at a time’.

ɨta-

Variant: ɨtɛ-; ɨtɨ-; ɨtɔ-; ito-; ɨtʉ-; itu-. cause. Causative

-ɨtâ

Variant: -tâ; -itô. ***CHECK***: -itîê. asp. Plural

prefix for class I verbs, meaning "make s.o. do [main verb action]". See: íé ‘Causative suffix for class II verbs’. perfect(ive) or subjunctive suffix, used for third person plural in certain affix combinations, and with first person plural for some irregular verbs. Ɛtʉ́mʉ́sánɨtâ kʉndá áídashén olêŋ. Those shoes have become very old. (W). Kítureitâ. We were afraid. K ́tuatâ. We died. Ɨḱ ́ntɨbɨrɨtâ. We mended it. (S). K ́tabaɨtâ ... We were as big as ... kítayioloitô ... We

- ́ta

knew how to ... K ́tanyaɨtɛ́. We refused. k ́mbaitîê. We hated. See: ^ or [F]; Falling tone on last syllable of verb ‘Plural perfect(ive)’.

Variant: -íto. asp. Progressive

aspect: to be in the process of. Kɛ́ány ́ta nɨnyɛ́. He/She is waiting for him/her. (W). Áípótíto. I am calling (s.o.) (W). Álóíto sokóni. I am going to market. (W). Káɛ́l ́ta mála. I am smearing the calabash (right now, or throughout the week) (eg. to make it strong). (SN). Álépíto ɛnkítɛ́ŋ ŋolé. Yesterday I was milking a cow. (W). Áapotito. He/She is calling me. (W). entóki najóítōī sth. that is being said (W). See: a-gɨrá ‘To be quiet; be in the process of’.

a-ɨtaá1 v. 1 • To convert sth. into sth. else; make into. Eyáwúá ŋolé n ́n ́ oltulét olotó ailísh aɨtáá enkúkúrí.

Yesterday my mother brought a gourd in its natural state so as to make a usable gourd out of it. (Pk). Á ́táa ɔlkáráshá ɛncáti. I will convert the cloth into a shirt. (W). Káá ́táa aɨs ́nani. I will make you poor. 2 • To cause to be, cause to behave as if it were so.

assume sth. to be sth. else. Áátáá inkeé ewúátá. I assumed the sticks to be a fence. [Possibly I found out later it was not a fence.] (W). Áaitaá ɔlaɨgúɛ́nani. He thought I was the "chief". (W). 3 • To

a-ɨtaá kɨt ́ To belittle s.o. or sth. K ́ntáá kɨt ́. You have a-ɨtaá2

belittled me. (W).

́táyie. v. To carry away one at one time, take away, remove. Ɛg ́ra entitó aɨtaá ilkeék ayá ají. The girl is taking the firewood one piece at a time to the house. (Pk). See: aɨtá ́ ‘To remove’; a-yá ‘To carry’. PF:

a-ɨtaɨk ́ To take away from, pull out. a-ɨtaác [North] v. [North] To hang sth. up.

a-itaakinó [North]

Variant: a-ɨtaakɨnɔ́. v. To

itamakirríó [North] ‘To pretend’.

a-itaakunó

Variant: a-itaakuúk. v. 1 • To

pretend’. See: a-akʉ́ ‘To become’.

pretend.

pretend.

See: a-

Syn: a-ɨtaakuúk

‘To

show off. Kéítaakúnó ɔlmʉrraní kɛ́ ́dɨm ataára ɔlŋátúny ɔ́pɛny. The warrior pretends that he can kill a lion on his own. See: a-dɛɛ́ny ‘To act proud’; a-ɨtɔkɔɔ́s ‘To show off, flirt’; a-ŋ ́d ‘To be proud’; a-ɨpɛɛ́j ‘To show off’; a-ɨká ‘To be suspended; puffed up’. 2 • To

a-ɨtaalán v. To make mistakes, disorganize. Óre oshî nɨnyɛ́ náa kéítáálan intarasí pɔɔk ́. As for him (her), he (she) always makes mistakes. (Pk). See: álánó ‘Ineptitude’; álani ‘Clumsy, inept’.

a-itaalaú v. To confuse. Tápala ɔlbuaá amʉ̂ kéítáálau ɨltʉ́ŋáná. Stop the noise because it confuses people. (Pk). a-ɨtaalíp v. To invite a person into a new stage by giving him/her milk or blood.

a-ɨtaarriyíán

See: a-ɨtɔɔmɔ́n ‘To

show, tell, instruct, give advice on how to do sth. better, so that the addressee becomes more adept. Á ́táárríyīānā entítō alikí ɛná ́koní tenéyierishôî. I showed the girl how cooking is done. See: a-ikók ‘To advise, exhort’. Usage: a-ikók focuses more on moral behavior, while aitaarriyíán focuses more on mental or physical skill. See: árriyíá ‘Skilled’.

a-ɨtaás

v. To

invite, welcome’.

use. Káyā ɛnâ motí aló aɨtaás eyíárárɛ́. I am taking this cooking pot so that I can use it for cooking. (Pk). 2 • To make s.o. do sth. 3 • [North] To do sth. for s.o. v. 1 • To

To give sth. that is very important. Ká ́táása. I gave him sth. (important) (as a loan or gift). (S). 4 • [North]

a-ɨtaayá

v. 1 • To

delegate the responsibility of looking after sth.;

leave with. Eshɔmɔ́ ɛntásât aɨtaayá ɨnkɛ́ra ti á ́ âŋ. The woman has gone to delegate the responsibility of taking care of children in another home. (Pk). 2 • To lend living things temporarily (cows, children). 3 • [North] To put sth. in a river (etc.) which then carries it away.

a-iták To send s.o. who is visiting somewhere to bring sth. for you.

a-ɨtabaɨk ́ 2 • To

v. 1 • [North]

accomplish.

a-ɨtabak ́ [North]

To take to, cause to reach.

v. [North]

a-ɨtabaɨk ́ ‘To take to’.

To deliver sth.

See: a-bakí ‘To

reach’;

a-ɨtabayá v. 1 • To observe a rule. Éírúkó entitó mɛ́yamɨ aɨtabayá ɔlkúáak. The girl has accepted to be married to observe the cultural rule. (Pk).

carry to the bitter end. Ɛg ́ra aɨtabayá enapa natejo kɛɨrɨsh ɔlɨkaɨ. He is carrying to the bitter end the fact that he will fight the other. (Pk). 3 • To take s.o. to a place; [North] To take s.o. to a place. See: abayá ‘To arrive there’. 2 • To

a-itacé [North] v. 1 • [North] To stand. Kéítáce. He is standing. ́ (S). Káítáco. I stood. (S). Ɨntácó. Stand! (S). See: a-ɨtashé ‘To stand’. 2 • To stop, wait.

a-itaceyíé [North]

To cause to stop. 2 • [North] To cause s.o./sth. to stand up.

a-itadoú

2 • To

v. 1 • To

drop.

1 • [North]

make affordable.

a-itadoyíó v. To let down, lower, drop sth. Ɛg ́ra ɔlcáni aitadoyíó ɨntapʉ́ka ɛnyɛ́na. The tree is dropping its

flowers. (Pk).

a-ɨtagá [North]

v. [North]

see sth.; block, shadow.

To stand in the way of being able to

a-itagaá To shadow. a-ɨtagól [North]: a-ɨtogól. v.prog tr. 1 • To strengthen, make hard. Káítogolíto. I am making it hard. (S). 2 • To

encourage.

inflate the price, raise the price. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aɨtagól enkinyiaŋá ɛ́ nk ́tɛ́ŋ. The man is hiking the price of the cow. (Pk). 3 • To

a-ítagolúó

be courageous. Íntagoluoyú! Be courageous! (Pk). Íntagolioyí! Be courageous! (SN). ɔltʉŋáni oitagólūō person who is courageous. v.mid. To

́ a-ɨtagól ɛnkɔ́shɔkɛ Ɨntagoluoyú ɛnkɔ́shɔkɛ! Pull yourself together! Aitagól ɛnkɔshɔkɛ hɔ́ɔ ́ nɛ́tanyámala. He a-ɨtá ́

pulled himself together even though he was troubled. (Pk). See: a-gól ‘To be hard’. [Moras as àytáy] In some suffixed forms: -ɨtaɨn. v. 1 • To

sth. off.

2 • [North]

remove sth., take

To pass urine or stool. aɨtá ́ nkʉlá to pass urine

(S). 3 • [North] To harvest; pick fruit; cut grass. See: a-ɨtaá ‘To carry away, remove’.

a-ɨtaɨk ́ To remove, take away from, pull out. a-ɨtak ́ [North] [North] To remove sth. for s.o.; distribute. See: a-ɨtaʉ́ ‘To

remove’.

a-ɨtainyé [Purko]: a-ɨtainyíé. v dtr. 1 • To take out by means of sth. Ɨncɔ́ɔk ̄ ̄ ɛndâ ʉ́ma maitáínyíé enkiriŋó. Give me that ́ ́ra fork so that I may use it to remove meat. (Pk). Ɛg ɔlpáyian aitainyé ɔlt ́dʉ olkikúêî tɛ nkɛ́jʉ. The man is

removing the thorn from his leg using a needle. (Pk).

make sth. out of sth. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aitainyé inkɨkʉ́ ɔlpááshé. The man is making a fence from the thorny branches. (Pk). Ɨncɔɔ́kɨ enconí ná ́táínyíé inamʉ́ka. Give me a piece of hide for making sandals. (Pk). 3 • To make sth. from sth. originally used for another purpose; recycle. E.g. make a rungu out of a post. 2 • To

a-ɨták

v. To

request s.o. who is visiting somewhere to bring sth. along for you. aɨták enkitók nálô sokóni To send a woman that is going to the market to bring sth. for you.

a-ɨtaak ́ To ask s.o. to guard sth. for you temporarily. See: aɨtaayá ‘To send’.

a-ɨtak ́ [North]

v.dat. 1 • [North]

To remove sth. for s.o. 2 • [North] To distribute. See: a-ɨta ́ ‘To remove’.

a-ɨtál [North] v. [North] To make s.o. miss out on sth. a-ɨtaláán v. To confuse. a-italayíó [North] v. [North] To keep quiet when called, pretend not to hear and thus not answer. Kéítáláyie. She has kept quiet. (S).

a-ɨtám [North]

v. 1 • [North]

To cause or permit to devour. Eg. allow animals to graze in a given place, allow a dog to bite s.o. 2 • [North] To allow a fire to burn. Usage: metaphorical. 3 • [North] To cause shame. 4 • [North] To trade, barter, trade off. See: a-ám ‘To eat’.

a-ɨtamaa ́ [a-ɨtamaay] v. 1 • To imitate, do like s.o. else. Ɛɨtamááyá ɔlmɔdáí oyékenyî. The stupid person has imitated the baboon. 2 • To ask what you already know. See: a-ɨkɔrɔ́j ‘To harass by asking what you already know’.

a-itamakirríó [North]

n. [North]

To pretend.

See: a-itaakinó

[North] ‘To pretend’.

a-ɨtamán

v dtr. To

put sth. around sth. else, surround with, encircle with. aɨtamán ɨnkɨkʉ́ ɛnkáŋ peê mépúkú inkíshu to surround the kraal with thorny branches so the cows won't come out (Pk).

a-ɨtamanyʉ́

v. To

mark out the foundation for a new house or village. Ɛshɔmɔ̂ ɨntásatí áaɨtamanyʉ ɛnkají. The women have gone to mark out the foundation of the house. (Pk). Nɛ́ítamanyʉn ́ ɛnkají. The house is designed. (Pk). Building a house is part of the woman's traditional work.

ɔl-k ́támányúnotó Foundation. See: a-igér ‘To mark, brand designs’; a-ɨg ́s ‘To mark, carve’.

a-ɨtamé v tr. To hurt; make feel pain; punish. aɨtamé olkíkuei ɔ́taremó ɛnkɛjʉ́ To be pained by the thorn that stung (his) foot.

a-ɨtamók v dtr. 1 • To make familiar with. aɨtamók ɨnkɛ́ra sukúul ɛnyɛ̂ ŋɛ́jʉ́k to familiarize the children with their new school (Pk).

train s.o. physically, exercise s.o. aɨtamók ɛnkɛrá ́ kɨt ́ elótótó ɔɔ́ nkɛjɛ́k to make the little child get used to walking (Pk). 3 • To familiarize oneself. See: a-mokú ‘To become accustomed to’; a-ɨtɔdɔ́l; a-ʉtak ́ ‘To show’; a-ɨtayioló ‘To make familiar with’. 2 • To

a-ɨtamúéí

make ill. aɨtamúéí ɛndáâ naŋu ɔltʉŋáni Food that is rotten makes people sick. (Pk). v. 1 • To

nurse a sick person. aɨtamúéí ɔltʉŋáni ɔsh ́wúá ayiaŋak ́ olkíné to nurse a convalescent person by slaughtering a goat for him/her (Pk). aɨtamúéí ɔltʉŋáni oishíwúó ayiarak ́ ɛndáa sídáí to nurse a convalescent person by cooking nutritious food for him/her (Pk). 2 • To

a-ɨtanák

v. To

suckle, cause to suck. Ɛg ́ra ɛnk ́tɛŋ aɨtanák

́ tɛrɛʉ intaré ɔláshê. The cow is suckling the calf. (Pk). Ɛn mɛshɔ́mɔ á ́tanak ilkuoóo. Take the sheep/goats so that

they can have their lambs/kids suckle. (Pk). See: a-nák ‘To suck’.

a-ɨtanáp

v. 1 • To

give orders, instructions; command (lit: to make one carry sth.). Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aɨtanáp ɛnkayíóni nálô shoó. The man is giving instructions to the boy that will go herding. (Pk). 2 • To give last words before leaving for a journey or death. See: a-ʉtak ́ ‘To show’.

a-ɨtanyaanyʉ́k [North]: a-ɨtʉnyʉnyʉ́k. v. 1 • To make alike, make equal. Ɛg ́ra ɔltʉ́ŋání aɨtanyaanyʉ́k ɨnkɨlaní peê étûm aishópo. The man is making the clothes alike so that he can wear them. (Pk).

compare. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aɨtanyaanyʉ́k ɨnkashɔ́ peê ɛ́yâ nabô. The man is comparing the heifers so that he can take one. (Pk). 2 • To

a-ɨtanyaanukíé To liken to. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aɨtanyaanyukíé ɛnkɛ́ráí ŋɔ́tɔ́nyɛ́. The man is likening the child to the mother. (Pk).

a-ɨtanyamál v. To make trouble for; bother, interrupt; disturb. ́ ́ra ɛnkɛráí aɨtanyamá ŋɔ́tɔ́nyɛ́ aɨsh ́r. The child is Ɛg troubling the mother by crying. (Pk). Néyookí aló aɨtanyamál ɨlʉl ́kaɨ. He went early (in the morning) to trouble others. (Pk). Áá ́tányámal? May I bother you? (eg. interrupt you in to ask sth.).

a-ɨtanyamalɨshɔ́ To bother, be bothersome. See: a-nyamál ‘To be a-ɨtáŋ

busy, fuss’; a-yɛ́k ‘To tire, trouble’. v. 1 • To

move in an unsteady, irregular, stoopy manner, as an old person might move. Mɛɨdɨmári, kɛ́ ́taŋ ́taŋ te nélo. He cannot walk, he jerks when he moves. 2 • To show little bursts of movement or life, especially of a

dying animal. Kɛ́ ́taŋ ́taŋ amʉ̂ ɛ́táá kɛ́yɛ. It is making little bursts of life because it's just about to die.

a-ɨtaŋɨtáŋ To keep on showing little bursts of life as it dies. a-ɨtaŋór v. 1 • To make fire a shot. 2 • To

complicate or cause more problems. 3 • To cause s.o. to be accused. See: a-ŋór ‘To stab’.

a-ɨtapaác [North]

v. 1 • [North]

To trade, exchange.

See: a-ilokí

[North] ‘To exchange’. 2 • [North] To reverse. See: a-paacá [North] ‘To be different’.

a-ɨtaparɨparíé [North] v. [North] To ignore. a-ɨtapóŋ v. To mislead. Éísídáí oshî encólíek ɔ́ɔ ltʉ́ŋáná léméíush amʉ̂ imɛɨtapoŋóó ilkʉl ́kā ̄. Companionship of well-behaved people is good because it does not mislead others. (Pk).

a-ɨtapʉ́k v. To flower; blossom. See: ɛn-tapʉ́kái ‘Flower’. a-ɨtár v. To hurt s.o. accidentally with sth. Aɨtár ɔltʉŋáni ɔlɨkâ ̂ ɔlálɛ́m ɛgɨrá aɨshɔ́. The man hurt the other accidentally with a sword while giving. (Pk). See: a-ikum ‘To hit’; a-ikobíé ‘To hurt with’.

a-ɨtarás

v. 1 • To

cause to hold. 2 • To spread.

a-ɨtarasaá v.dir. 1 • To hand over to another person, give away. aɨtarasaá olórika (i) To hand over the chair (ii) To hand over the leadership. 2 • To deliver to an enemy; betray. 3 • [North] To attack.

a-ɨtarasak ́

To infect s.o. 2 • [North] To cause to attack on behalf of another tribe. 3 • [North] To pierce sth.

a-ɨtarasʉ́

v.dat. 1 • [North]

v.dir. 1 • To

hand in sth. towards the point of reference.

2 • [North]

To infect.

a-ɨtarɛ́ v.prog. To escort s.o.; accompany. Ɛɨtárɛ́ ́ta Páapa ɛnkanáshɛ áí. My father is escorting my sister. (W). Ɛɨtáríá. He escorted him. (W). Ɛɨtárɛ́ ́shɔ́ empapá káke eshukúnye. My Dad is escorting, but he will come back. (W). a-ɨtarín v. To like sth. momentarily, especially after it has been introduced for the first time or one has been away from it for a while. aitarín ɛngárri ŋéjúk To like (momentarily) a new car. See: ɔl-tárin ‘Momentary love’.

a-ɨtarʉ́ [North]

v.dir. [North]

To cause a miscarriage. A bull can cause this by mounting a pregnant cow.

a-itaruoó

[àɪ ̀tàrwóó] v.dir. 1 • To

a-ɨtarrikí

v. To

2 • To

make a mistake.

spoil, ruin. 3 • To do wrong; wrong s.o.

answer rudely to s.o. (lit: To make a plan go wrong

for s.o.). Mesídáī tenéítarríki ɛnkɛráí intóiwúó ɛnyɛ́nā. It is not good for a child to speak rudely to his parents. See: a-rrikí ‘To have things go wrong’.

a-ɨtarrɨy ́án

v. 1 • To

counsel, advise, instruct. 2 • To make skilled.

a-ɨtarrú v. To interrupt s.o. when doing sth. Míkíntókī aɨtarrú ɨncɔɔ́kɨ aás esíáai. Stop interrupting me, let me work. (Pk). a-ɨtarruoó 1 • To err; make a mistake. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí aitarruó esíái naɨshɔɔ́kɨ. The child is erring (in) the work that she is given. (Pk).

destroy, ruin, spoil. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpayíáni aitarruó esíái ɛ́ masho aarɨshɔ́. The man is ruining the ceremony by fighting people. (Pk). 2 • To

a-ɨtasapʉ́k v. To make big; make strong; fatten; enlarge, magnify. aɨtasapʉ́k ɛnkáŋ i) To enlarge the home (by having more

children or wives) ii) To build a large kraal (eg. to accomodate more cows). aɨtasapʉ́k ɛnkɛ́ráí To fatten the child. Somebody fat is perceived as strong and capable of lifting heavier things. This word cannot be used for animals; instead a-itopír 'to fatten' is used.

a-ɨtasapʉkɨshɔ́ To be fattening. M ́nɔs aké nɛ́na kírí naapîr amʉ̂ ɛ́ ́tásápúkisho. Don't eat those fat meats

because they are fattening (make one become big/fat).' (W).

a-ɨtas ́m a-ɨtasúr

v. To

try to do sth.

v. 1 • To

Syn: a-tɛ́m

make dense.

‘To try’. See: ɛn-tásɨm ‘Fetish’.

introduce danger to a place; endanger. Ɛɨtásur ilowuarák ɛnkɔ́p mɛtáa ɨmɛ ́māyū The lions will bring danger (so) that this land cannot be passable. (Pk). 2 • To

infect; contaminate. M ́ntásur ɛnkárɛ́ ap ́k oldíîp mɛtáa meókoyu. Don't contaminate the water by putting acaricide into it so that it cannot be drunk. aɨtasúr emuoyíán To infect a sickness. 3 • To

a-ɨtashalʉ́

v. To

eat primarily milk and non-meat foods, after a time spent in the bush eating meat. See: a-isotú ‘To take milk after a meat-eating period’.

a-ɨtashé [North]: a-ɨtacé. PF, SUBJN: ɨtasho. v.prog. 1 • To stand, stand up. ́ Á ́táshe. I am standing. (W). Ɨntáshe. You are standing. (W). Ɛɨtáshe. He is standing. (W). K ́ntashe. We are standing. ́ (W). Ɨntáshéshe. Y'all are standing. (W). Ɛɨtáshe. They are standing. (W). Einyó ɔltʉ́ŋání ɔ́tɔnɨta aɨtashé. The person who was sitting has stood up. (Pk). Ká ́táshe. I'm standing. (S). Ká ́tashéíto. I was standing. (S). Néjō aɨtashé tɛ ́ kʉtʉ́k ají, When he tried to stand at the door, Ɨntashó! Stand up! Shɔ́mɔ ́ntashó tɛ idîê. Go stand over there! 2 • To stop, halt. aɨtashé náají ɔltʉ́ŋání óloito. Someone who was walking stopped. (Pk).

contest a leadership or political seat. Ɛg ́ra ɔlɔ́pɛny olórika aɨtashé aŋór olórika lɛnyɛ́. The chairman is contesting again to defend his seat. (Pk). Note: This stem looks as if it contains the Class I Causaive prefix, as ɨta- would be the expected Causative form for a +ATR stem with either /e/ or /o/ as the root vowel. 3 • To

́ntashó

1 • Stop!

2 • Let

me..; excuse me ..; permit me.

a-itasheikí a-ɨtaʉ́

1 • To

stand for. 2 • To take care of; look over.

undress. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí aɨtaʉ́ ɛnkɨlâ. The child is undressing. (Pk). [North]: itaí. v. 1 • To

remove. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí aɨtaʉ́ ɨnkamʉ́ka. The child is removing her shoes. (Pk). Áītāūō ɛremɛ́t tɔlárrō. I removed the spear from the buffalo. (W). Káítáí ndetí. [káytáy] I will remove weeds. (S). This could be used for removing a stick from a tree, a radio from a room, or clothes from one's body, etc. 3 • To subtract. 2 • To

a-ɨtayú ɛnkiyiô To miscarry. Néítayíó entitó ɛnkiyiô. The a-ɨtayá

girl has miscarried. See: a-laá ‘To undress’; a-shʉ́t ‘To remove sth. from a tight covering’. v. 1 • To

accuse falsely.

overfeed to the extreme (eg. a child.). aɨtayá ɛndáa [áytáya] To make him/her die of being overfed. The idea of 'overfeeding' comes from the sense of 'die' associated with a-yá. See: a-yá ‘To carry’. 2 • To

́ a-ɨtayú In some suffixed forms: a-ɨtayún. v. 1 • To remove, take out. Ɨntayú enkiriŋó tɛ móti. Remove the chunk of meat from the cooking pot. (Pk). See: a-ɨta ́ ‘To remove’. 2 • To 3 • To

give out; donate; offer. aɨtayú ɔsárgɛ́ to donate blood. make. Eitáyīō enkítok óríkíe tɔɔ́ ɨyashɛtá. The

woman has made marks (in the dirt) with the lattice sticks. ́ Ɨntayú ɔlkási lé únōtō. Do the work of the installationceremony. Note: = hypothesis -dp Note: Mol 1996:144 suggests that the 'make' sense is the Causative+Ventive form of a 'be'.

a-ɨtayú inkík To defecate. a-ɨtayú ɨs ́nk ́r a-ɨta ́ isíŋkir [North] To fish (lit: to remove fish). See: aɨbʉ́ŋ ‘To catch’; a-rrésh i-sínkir; a-ŋorú ‘To fish’.

a-ɨtáyu enkiyîô To miscarry. See: a-iú ‘To bear offspring’. a-ɨtɛ́ [North] v.prog. [North] To remove. Ká ́tɛ́ ́ta nkɛ́ráí lalâî. I am removing the child's tooth. (SN). Ká ́tɛ́ ́ta lalái lɛ́ nkɛ́ráí. I am removing the child's tooth. (SN). Ká ́tɛ́ ́ta nkɛ́ráí. I am removing the child (eg. from the house, from danger). (SN). Ká ́tɛ́ ́ta nkinyinyéret. I am sweating. (lit: I am removing sweat.).

ɨtɛ- cause. Variant form of the Class I Causative prefix. See: ɨta-. a-itedíák [North] [àìtèdyák] v. 1 • [North] To shoot off target. Íntédíaa. You shot off target. (S). 2 • [North]

To make a mistake; err.

a-ɨtɛɛnɨk ́ v. To accuse falsely (lit: to tie to). a-ɨtɛɛ́ŋ v. To cause s.o. to lack by taking away sth. that is yours or that is within your power; deprive. of’.

a-iteikí

See: a-eŋú ‘To

be deprived

expect; be suspicious about. áítéíkī ajó ílōtū. I expect that you will come. v. To

a-iteishó

be on the early stage of pregnancy. expectant; pregnant’.

a-itejó

v. To

v. To

See: a-nʉtá ‘To

be

do sth. to an object in such a way that a sound is emitted; make sth. sound; followed by ideophonic word (lit: to make say). Néítejo osíwuo, huuu! The wind took them,

huuu! Páa kéítejo ɔlárínkóí tiáborí ɛnkalʉ́ɛn ́ a, pau! So he did to [whacked] Olarinkoi below the ear. Pau! See: ajó ‘To say’.

a-iteleikí

put on top of. aiteleikí ɔsíkiria iltóoí to put the water barrel on the donkey (Pk). See: a-ɨkaabak ́ ‘To temporarily cover, loosely put a top on’; a-p ́k ‘To put’. v. To

a-ɨtɛlɛk ́ [North] lie down.

v. [North]

To place or lay on a surface.

See: To

a-itelekinó v.mid. To be on sth. Éítélékínó ɨlɔ́ɔm shʉ́mátá óripie. The rafters are on top of the unfinished house. (Pk). a-ɨtɛlɛlɛ́k v. 1 • To make sth. easy, affordable, cheap; facilitate. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aɨtɛlɛlɛ́k esíái nagol. The man is making hard work easy. (Pk). See: a-lɛlɛ́k ‘To be easy’; a-ɨtadoú ‘To make affordable, drop’. 2 • [North] To simplify.

a-itemoó v. To cover. a-itemoró To be covered. See: a-ɨpɨs ́ŋ ‘To cover’. a-ɨtɛŋɛ́l v. To remove. See: a-ŋɛ́l ‘To deviate’.

a-ɨtɛŋɛ́n

v. To

educate, teach, instruct, inform, give new knowledge, enlighten. Ɛg ́ra ɔlaɨtɛŋɛ́nani aɨtɛŋɛ́n ɨnkɛ́ra ɛnkɨkɛná. The teacher is teaching children mathematics. (Pk). Kɛ́ ́tɛ́ŋɛn ŋɔtɔnyɛ́ entítō ɛnyɛ́ peê méíser. A mother will advise her daughter not to misbehave. Usage: a-ɨtɛŋɛ́n focuses more on intellectual knowledge with no particular immediate expectation about change in behavior. A-ikók focuses more on instruction about wise behavior, with expectation of change in behavior. A-ʉtaá is a closer synonym to a-ikók because a-ʉtaá also expects action to follow.. Ant: amɔ́d ‘To cause s.o. to be a fool’.

a-ɨtɛnnɛɨshɔ́ a-ɨtɛ́r

v.apas. To

teach, educate, be a teacher. point at’; a-ɨtɔdɔ́l ‘To show’.

See: a-ʉ́t ‘To

start, begin sth. Ɛg ́ra aɨtɛrʉ́ sukúul enkilasí nabô. The child is beginning standard one in school. ... náa kɛ́ ́tɛ́rʉ tenéyioloúnō ɔlkɨjanáí ó entítō ... begins when a man and a woman know each other (W). v. 1 • To

start, begin. Eitérúá awaŋʉ́ amʉ̂ eilepúá ɛnkɔ́lɔŋ. It is getting light because the sun has risen. 2 • To

a-ɨtɛrʉnyɛ́ To come first. Óre aké peê éyíéŋí ɛlɛ̂ kérr, nɛ́ ́tɛrʉ́nyɛ ɨntɔmɔnɔ́k ɛnkáŋ. When this castrated ram is slaughtered, all the women come first. begin’.

See: a-ŋás; a-ŋasʉ́ ‘To

a-ɨtɛrrɛ́ v.s. 1 • To faint, typically involving falling; be unconscious. Ág ́ra aɨtɛrrɛ́. I am fainting. (W). ɔltʉŋáni ɔɨtɛ́rrɛ̄ person who is unconscious.

fall or collapse, as in fainting. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí aɨtɛrrɛ́ aósh ɛnkɔ́p. The child is falling as in fainting to hit the ground. (Pk). 3 • To not be consistent and orderly. 2 • To

a-ɨtɛrrʉnyɛ́ To come fainting.

ɔl-aitérriani o-ítí

ɨtɨ-

Variant: ɔl-aɨtɛ́rrani

(W). A person who faints. batatá ‘To fall’; a-sʉlarí ‘To fall off’; a-urorí ‘To fall’; aikururumorí ‘To fall’.

See: a-

Nom sg: o-ití. Acc pl: i-ít. Nom pl: i-ít. n. A

common tree used for forage, housebuilding, carving, traditional medicines, and fumigating calabashes. Acacia mellifera. Used by the Iloodokilani at circumcision feasts.

Variant: iti-. cause. Variant See: ɨta-.

a-itíák

form of the Class I Causative prefix.

v. 1 • To

let s.o. fall down. See: a-batát; a-irraayá; a-ɨrriaayá ‘To make s.o. fall down’. 2 • To let s.o. down. 3 • [North] To get out of the way of sth. in order to avoid being hit. 4 • To abandon.

a-ɨtɨak ́ [North] [àɪ ̀tyakɪ ́] v. [North] To imagine, surmise. a-itíál v. To be perplexed, amazed, astonished. a-itíám v. 1 • To move quickly in such a way that all legs leave the

ground at the same time; jump from one place to another; hop. Éítiam oltúáa. A frog hops. Ɛg ́ra aitíám oltúaa. The frog is hopping. Éítíámá tɛ ndapásh aló oltírén. It has hopped from bed to the floor. Eotíki ɛnkáyíóní aitiamíé ɛndápásh. The boy will keeping on hopping on top of the bed intentionally. See: a-ipíd ‘To jump’. jump as in dancing/singing. Ɛg ́ra ɔlmʉrraní aitíám tɔ sinkólio. The warrior is jumping as he sings. (Pk). 3 • [North] To jump with pain or anguish. 4 • [North] To relieve oneself. Note: This verb is intransitive as shown by: *Éítiam ɛnkáyíóní ɛndápásh. 'The boy will keep on hopping on top of the bed.' Compare with Instrumental Applicative example above. See: a-itiamak ́ ‘To mount on; serve a cow’. 2 • To

a-itiamak ́

v.dat. 1 • To

serve (a cow), impregnate (cattle); mount (for the purposes of copulation). Usage: Typical of animals; euphemistic for humans. Eteréwúá ɔlpáyian ɔlɔɨŋɔ́nɨ oitíámāk ̄ inkíshú. The man has brought a bull that will mount/serve the cows. Eitiamákinyíé olméregesh ɨntaré He has made/used the ram to mount/serve the sheep. Ɛt́ ʉ́pʉ́shá ɛlɛ́ ɔ́ ́ŋɔ́n ́; ɛg ́ra aitiamak ́ inkíshú. This bull has been rutting; it is mounting on cows. (PK). See: atɔnɨk ́ ‘To impregnate’; a-ɨdak ́ ‘To mount’. hop onto; jump at, jump to. Eitíámák ́ oltúáa atúa ɛnkárɛ́ tɛnɛ́dɔl ɔltʉŋáni. The frog jumps into the water when it sees a person. See: a-itiám ‘To hop’. 2 • To

a-itiamakinó To have been served. a-itianyá v. 1 • To die, pass away. Ɛg ́ra ɔlg ́ramâ lɛ nkâŋ aitianyá. The owner of the home is dying. (Pk). In Pk (km), this is what would happen to an old person.

collapse through famine. Ɛg ́ra inkíshu aitianyá tɔ lámeyu. The cows are dying during the dry season. (Pk). See: ayɛ́ ‘To die’; a- ́sh ‘To die’. 2 • To

a-ɨtɨb ́r [North] v. 1 • [North] To construct, make, create, prepare. Kɛ́ ́shɨááká ɛnk ́t ́b ́rata ɛnkají. He has made the house in the right way. (S). 2 • [North] To repair or mend sth. broken. See: a-ɨtɔb ́r ‘To create sth.’.

a-ɨtɨbɨrʉ́ [North]

modeling; form.

a-ɨtɨbɨrak ́ [North] -ítie

successfully.

v.dir. [North] v. [North]

To make by curving or

To do sth. correctly or

Perfect(ive) or Subjunctive suffix. Ánótó apá kʉnâ kíshú, tɛ ɛnapá kɨmɨnatá n ́k ́ntʉ́rráítie. I got these cows when you made me get lost. Óre peyíê ɛakʉ́ num. Plural

k ́taŋamaitîê... When we receive... See: -ɨta. a-ɨtɨɛmʉ́ [North] Variant: a-itemú. v. 1 • [North] To satisfy, suffice, be enough. Káaitemu ndáa. The food will satisfy me. (SN). Káaitemúá ndáa. The food satisfied me. (SN). 2 • [North]

reach’.

To fit well. See: a-imú ‘To be satisfied’; a-baɨk ́ ‘To

a-ɨt ́ɛ́ny [North] [àɪ ̀tyɛ́ɲ] v. [North] To weaken an animal. a-itiɛnyá Variant: a-itianyá. v.mid. To collapse through tiredness, a-itíéú

weakness, famine, etc. [North]: a-ɨt

See: a-ɨtɛrrɛ́ ‘To

faint’.

́ɛ́ʉ́. v v.aux+Sbjn-Infinitive. To dare, be able to face-up to s.o. Mɛáta ɔltʉŋáni óítīēū. There is no one who dares (to ́ cɔɔ́kɨ matára ɔlárínkóí amʉ̂ káítīēū. Let me do sth.). Ɛn kill Olarinkoi because I can face him. Máítíéú ashɔ́mɔ tɛ mísimísī áányʉ́ mɛtáwaŋá. I fear going in the darkness; I will wait until it is bright. (W). See: a-itieú ‘To grow daring’.

a-itieú v. To become or grow daring. Ɛg ́ra ɔláyíóní aitieú ɔlɨkâ ̂. The boy is growing daring. a-itieushó v.apass. To become daring. ɔltʉŋáni oitíéúshō a a-ɨtɨg ́r

person who grows daring. See: a-itíéú ‘To dare’. v. 1 • To

calm, silence. This can be done to a child, radio, warrior, etc. The main idea is to make sth. less loud.

console, comfort. Á ́t ́gɨr ɛnkɛ́ráí naɨshɨr ́ta. I will calm the crying child. See: a-gɨrá ‘To be quiet’. 2 • To

a-ɨtɨ ́l

be silvery, shiny, glittery, bright. Kɛ́ ́t ́ɨl ɛná k ́lasi. This glass is shiny. Áímínie olgísóí láí ɔɨt ́ɨl. I lost my shiny ring. This does not mean that the item just reflects light. See: a-ɨtɨnt ́l ‘To shine brightly’; a-ɨmɛrlɛ́l ‘To glitter, shine’. v. To

a-itijiaá

eat sth. cautiously because of dislike. eat cautiously’.

a-itík

v. To

v.prog. 1 • To

Syn: a-bɨr

nauseate. Áaitikitó ɛɨlatá nátookó. I'm

́ ‘To

feeling nauseated because of the oil that I ingested. (lit: The oil that I drank is nauseating me.). pound; hit hard. Éítíkó osóít ɔmɛtádanya. He pounded on the stone until it broke. 3 • To struggle with indecision. 2 • To

a-itikitík

pound; hit hard. 2 • To nauseate.

a-itikó

1 • To

v.mid. 1 • To

be pounded. 2 • To be undecided. 3 • To make the pounding sound.

a-itíl v. To remain adamant; unmoved. See: a-tɔ́n ‘To stay’. a-ɨtɨmɨŋán [Purko]: a-ɨtɔmɨŋán. v. 1 • To make blunt. Ɛg ́ra ɔláyíóní aɨtɔmɨŋán ɔlálɛ́m lɛnyɛ́. The boy is making his sword blunt. (Pk).

deafen. Ɛg ́ra ɛná buatá aɨtɔmɨŋán ɨltʉ́ŋáná. This loud sound is deafening the people. (Pk). This may or may not be permanent, and may be as simple as closing one's ears. 2 • To

a-ɨtɨmɨrrɨm ́rr v. 1 • To pretend to give sth. but not give. aɨtɨmɨrrɨm ́rr ɛndáa To pretend to give food but not do it. 2 • To

cause s.o. sell repeatedly. See: a-m ́r ‘To chase; sell’.

a-itinkín v. To dislike; favor less. ́nâ k ́tányáányúkoto ɔ́ lpayíán oitínkīnō ɛnkayíóni natoíūō that example of a man who has disliked his son (KS).

a-ɨtɨnt ́l

shine brightly; glisten. See: a-ɨtɨ ́l ‘To shine brightly’; awáŋ ‘To shine’; a-ɨmarlál [North] ‘To glisten, glitter’.

a-ɨtɨny ́k

v. To

bring together. Ká ́t ́ny ́k ́ta. I'm bringing them close together. (S). Ká ́tɨny ́kak ́ nkitábu nkikómpe. / Ká ́t ́nyɨk nkikómpe oó nkitábu. I'm bringing the cup and book together. (S). This is done by moving either one. ́ ɨnt ́ny ́kʉ́ ́nâ kɛ́ráí amʉ̂ kɛ́áta olmarenké. Don't Ɛm v. To

invite that child because she lies. (W).

ɨn-t ́nyɨka n. Homes that are built closely together. a-itíŋ v. To come to an end, finish. Eyéwuo entúmô aitíŋ peê edoyíó ɛnkɔ́lɔŋ. The meeting ended when the sun set. (Pk). Eyéwuo esíáî aitíŋ népuo ɨltʉŋaná inkáŋítie. The

work came to an end when the people went to their homes. (Pk). Neitiŋ eba neija Thus it has reached the end. Usage: aitíŋ can have several meanings: for geographical items like a river or forest, it means that it has been passed; one has walked to the end of it, so it is behind and no longer ahead. With reference to grass, it means that the cows have eaten it all up. Of a people group, the Middle form may indicate they have been wiped out. It could be said of a person who has committed a crime, and a mob or a policeman has just found and punished him.. Eítíŋé. They will be wiped out.

a-itíŋíé To bring sth. to an end. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aitiŋíé ɛnkigúána. The man is bringing the meeting to an end. (Pk).

a-itíŋokí To end at a place. Eyéwuo ɔlkɛ́jʉ aitiŋokí ɛnaɨpɔ́sha. He came (eg. driving) to end at the ocean/lake. (Pk). See: a-ɨd ́p; a-ɨshʉ́ ‘To finish’.

o-itíŋí adj. Ultimately, (in) the end. Ɛtabáíkīā taá táatá ɔlpurrishóí oitiŋí Today the thief has reached the ultimate end. [ie. he is dead]. (Pk). See: a-itíŋ ‘To come to an end’.

a-ɨtɨŋ ́d v. To please, make happy. See: a-ŋɨdá ‘To be happy’. a-itiŋíé [North] v. [North] To pursue the end, track down. a-ɨtɨpát v. To be related to. a-ɨtɨpatɨshɔ́ Usage: Colloquial. To be related to a tribe different a-ɨtɨp ́j

from Maasai. v.prog. 1 • To

cut to a point, sharpen, make sth. tapered at the end. Ká ́t ́p ́j ́ta. I'm sharpening it. (S). Káaɨtɨpɨjáka. He

has made it sharp for me. (S). Ɛg ́ra ɔmʉrraní aɨtɨp ́j ɔljɨpɛ́t. The warrior is tapering the skewer. (Pk).

make s.o. brave, inspire s.o. to fight. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aɨtɨp ́j ɔlayíóni lɛnyɛ́ peê ɛɨrɨsh ́shɔ. The man is inspiring his son to fight back. (Pk). See: a-p ́ ‘To be pointed; be fierce’. 2 • To

a-ɨtɨpɨt ́p v.prog. To drop the first drops of rain; drizzle. Kɛ́ ́tɨp ́tɨp ́ta. The first small drops of rain are falling. (S). Kɛ́ ́rɔ́bɨ táatá amʉ̂ kɛ́g ́ra aɨtɨpɨt ́p. It is cold today a-ɨt ́r

because it is drizzling. (Pk). See: a-idís ‘To drizzle’; a-ɨrʉjʉrʉ́j ‘To drizzle’; ɛn-cán ‘Rain’. v.prog. 1 • To

break off completely (eg. a chain, rope, flow of a

river). Ɛg ́ra ɛnkárɛ aɨt ́r amʉ̂ etudúŋe ɛnkɔ́ŋʉ ɛ́ ncɔ́rrɔ. The water (flow) has broken because the source has been cut. (Pk). 2 • To get away from the rest of the team or move from your place to somebody's place mostly to cause chaos. 3 • [North] To jump a long distance (of a small animal, eg. a grasshopper). Kɛ́ ́t ́r ́ta. He is jumping. (S). See: a-ipíd ‘To jump’.

a-ɨtɨrrak ́ To move from one place to another to cause chaos. a-itirís [North] v. 1 • [North] To equalize. 2 • [North]

To level off.

a-itirisioré [North] a-ɨt ́rr

1 • [North]

To compare in heighth or

length. 2 • [North] To equalize in heighth or length. v. 1 • To

break off, cut off, stop the flow of sth. 2 • [North] To flip away.

a-ɨtɨrrɨŋá v.mid. To be calm, patient. Ɛg ́ra ɔltamueyíáí aɨtɨrrɨŋá mɛtábakɨ. The patient is calm so that he can be treated. (Pk). Ɛɨtɨrr ́ŋɛ nkɛráí náshām. The child I love is

calm. (SN). Kɛ́ ́sʉ́pat nkɛráí ná ́tɨrr ́ŋa. A child who sits calmly is good. (SN). ɔltʉŋáni ɔɨtɨrr ́ŋā a person who is calm/patient. See: a-ŋɨr ́ ‘To perservere’.

a-ɨtɨs ́á [North] waiting.

[àɪ ̀tɪ ̀syá] v. [North]

To get impatient, get tired of

a-ɨtɨs ́ny v. To make holy; cleanse. See: a-sɨnyá ‘To be holy’. a-ɨtɨs ́p v. To get information, either clearly, or a second time; confirm.

a-ɨtɨsh ́p

v. To

please, amuse. Ɛɨt ́shɨp. He will please / amuse

them. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí aɨtɨsh ́p mɛ́nyɛ́ anyɔ́k tɛ nkísuma. The child is pleasing his/her father by working hard at school. (Pk). See: a-ŋidá ‘To be happy’.

ó-ítīēū Nom sg: ó-ítīēū. n. S.o. who can face-up to s.o. else. a-itíéú To dare. a-itó v. To go back. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aitó ɛnkáŋ oó nkíshú.

ɨtɔ-

The man is going back to his home where cows are. (Pk). See: ashukó ‘To go back’; a-rriny ‘To bring sth. back’; a-ɨbɛlɛkɛny ‘To turn sth. over’.

Variant: ito-. cause. Variant See: ɨta-.

a-ɨtɔb ́r

form of the Class I Causative prefix.

make sth.; create. Ɛɨtɔ́bɨr. He will make/prepare it. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí aɨtɔb ́r ɛngárri tɛ ɛsárŋāb. The child is making a car from the mud. Á ́tɔ́bɨr embúku. I will make a book. (W). Káke ɛshɛ́ta áaɨtɔbɨrakɨ intukutukí náaīshopito ɛlɛ̂ mʉrraní. The concave shoes that this warrior are wearing are well made. (Pk). Olconí oshî eitobiríéki olkɨlâ. Ceremonial skin is made from hide. Emúá tɔrrɔ́nɔ̂ ɔ́ lcaní oleléshūā tenéítobíéki iloríkān. Oleleshua is a bad type of tree from which to make chairs. Note: A-ɨtɔb ́r is not commonly used with reference to making a house, though it is used for repairing a house. v.prog. 1 • To

See: a-ás; a-ikó ‘To

do’; a-ɨtaá ‘To convert, make into’; a-shɛ́t ‘To

build’. 2 • To repair, fix sth.

prepare, arrange. Á ́tɔ́b ́r ́ta ɛndáā ɛ téípa. I am making dinner. (W). Áá ́tɔ́b ́rāk ̄ ɛndáa. I will prepare food for you. (W). Tápala ɛnk ́yág ́yag, shɔ́mɔ tɔ́tɔna intɔ́bɨrak ́. Stop bobbing your head as you walk, go and sit well. (Pk). Óre naá táatá ɛlɛ̂ payîân néínyiotóto nɛ́ ́tɔb ̂r ɛnkapʉt ́. Now this man planned to arrange marriage negotiations [for his daughter]. (Pk). 3 • To divine and fix somebody's problem; heal. Only an oloibóni could properly do this. Ɔláŋéní aké óyíóló ɛnaɨkoní tɛnɛ́ ́tɔbɨr ́ ɛnkáŋ natasakutóki. It is only the wiseman who knows how to undo a curse lodged at a certain home. (Pk). 3 • To

Ɛɨbʉ́ŋá Jôn olóírirúá, nérīkī enetíī ɔlá ́tɔ́b ́rání peê epúéí áaɨtɔbɨr. Jon became mad (crazy); then he was taken to the healer so that he could be healed. (W).

do. Ɛshɔ́mɔ aɨtɔb ́r esíái ɛnyɛ́ pɔɔk ́. He went to do all his work. (Pk). 4 • To

a-ɨtɔbɨrak ́ To do sth. well, do satisfactorily. Mmetumóki ɛná áyíóní atɔtɔ́na aɨtɔbɨrak ́ amʉ̂ ɛ́t ́j ́ŋá ɔldʉ́ta ́ ɔltúlii This boy cannot sit well because he has a boil on his buttock. (Pk). Ɛkɨgɨra oshî táatá atúm ɛncán aɨtɔbɨrak ́. Nowdays we are getting rain regularly. (Pk). Tádamʉ́ ɔltʉŋáni líyíólo aɨtɔbɨrak ́. Think of a person who you know well.

a-ɨtɔb ́r e-síáai To work (lit: to do work). See: a-ás e-síáai ‘To work’; a-asɨshɔ́ ‘To work’.

a-ɨtɔdɔ́l [North]: a-ɨtɔdɔ́l. v. To show s.o. sth. Ɛshɔmɔ́ aɨtɔdɔ́l ɔlɔmɔ́nɨ enkóítóí. He went to show the visitor his way. (Pk). See: a-dɔ́l ‘To see’; a-ʉt ‘To point at’.

a-ɨtɔdɔ́r

v. To

hit s.o. until the skin is broken and blood comes out. See: a-dɔ́ ‘To be red’.

a-itoduayá v. To show off. a-itóí v.prog. 1 • To dry sth., make dry. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí aitóí ɛnk ́lâ ɛnyɛ́ nashál tɛ nkɔ́lɔŋ. The child is drying her wet cloth in the sun. (Pk). Eitóyīō ɛnkɔ́lɔŋ ɨlkárash. The sun dried the cloths. (W). Káítóíto. [káytóyto] I am making it dry. (S). 2 • [North]

To wet with rain. See: a-itoyió ‘To rain on’; a-lɔ́ ‘To spread to dry’.

a-ɨtoíp v. 1 • To cover with sth. Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aitoíp ɛnkɛ́ráí naɨrʉ́ra ɔlkarashá. The woman is covering the sleeping child with a bedsheet. (Pk).

overshadow. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkátampôî aitoíp ɛnkɔ́p. The cloud is overshadowing the ground. (Pk). See: a-pɨs ́ŋ; a-pukúr; aisiáp; a-itemoó ‘To cover’. 2 • To

a-ɨtɔɨtɔɛ́ [North] v. [North] To use very economically. a-ɨtɔjɔɔlá v. To interpret. Meyíólo ɨlMaasá ́ áaɨtɔjɔɔlá. The

Maasai do not know how to interpret them (ie. certain stories). (KS).

a-itók v. 1 • To heat until fully cooked, boil. Ɛg ́ra ɔláyíárání aitók ɛndáa peê emelonú. The cook is cooking the food

until it is ready so that it can be delicious. (Pk). 2 • To make food ready by cooking. Usage: food. This can be done to solid foods only, not liquids such as water, and once completely finished. Ká ́tɔ́ɔ. I have made the food ready. (S). 3 • To magnify especially bad or sad news about sth.; exaggerate. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aitók ɨmbáa tɔrrɔ̂k naátoniŋó. The man is exaggerating the sad issues he heard. (Pk). See: a-rowuajíé ‘To heat sth.’; a-irewejé ‘To boil’; a-y ́ɛ́r ‘To cook’.

a-itokí

PF: a-nyaaká. In some suffixed forms: a-itokín. v.aux+simple-infinitive.

do again, repeat, continue. Áítóki. I will do it again. (W). Áítúku inkikompení aitokí. I washed the cups again. Tɛ́ɛna enetuduŋó ɛnkalɛ́m méítokí awó. Put a bandage on the area that the knife has cut so that it won't keep bleeding. (Pk). Ág ́ra aitokí. I'm doing it again. (W). See: a-ɨg ́l ‘To repeat’; a-nyaaká ‘To have repeated’. 2 • [North] To exist, be sth. See: a-atá ‘To have; exist’; a-tií ‘To be at; exist’. néítokí néjokí... Again he told them... 1 • To

a-ɨtɔkɨtɔ́k [North]: a-ɨtɔkʉtɔ́k. v. To boil. See: a-itók ‘To cook’. a-itokitokíé v.apl. This indicates a more rapid boil than aɨrowuajíé.To boil sth.; cause sth. to boil.

a-ɨtɔkɨtɔkʉ́ v.dir. To boil for oneself. ́ akákɨ kʉlɛ́ kʉlɛ́ na ́tɔk ́tɔk Fresh milk from the cow. Ɛy na ́tɔk ́tɔk. Bring me milk that is fresh from the cow (boiling).

a-ɨtɔkɔɔ́s v. To show off; flirt. Ɛkɛ́ ́tɔkɔ́ɔs intóyíe náatií ɛmányátá. Girls in the ceremonial home flirt. See: a-dɛɛnyá; aŋɨdá ‘To be proud’; a-ɨpɛɛjá ‘To flirt’; a-ɨká ‘To be suspended; puffed up’; a-ɨtaakunó ‘To pretend’.

a-ɨtɔkʉtɔ́k [North] PF: -ɨtɔɔtuaa. [ɪtɔɔtwaa] v itr. [North] To boil. Kɛ́ ́tɔɔ́tuaa. It has boiled. (S). See: a-ɨtɔkɨtɔ́k ‘To boil’. a-itokutokíé [North] [North] To cause to boil. a-itoliló v.s. 1 • To be sad, depressed. Káítólílo. I am sad. (Pk). Kéítolílo. He/she is sad. (Pk). Áítólíle. I was sad. (Pk). Eitolíle. He/she was sad. (Pk). This condition is characterized by

remaining quiet, withdrawn, not engaging with other people who are around, looking remorseful and having a sullen facial expression. look worried; stay worried. ɔltʉŋáni oitolílō person who is sad, depressed, worried. 2 • To

a-ɨtɔlɔ́k

v. 1 • To

cause to intersect.

2 • To

put across. See: a-lɔ́k ‘To intersect’.

a-ɨtɔlɔlɔɨk ́

v. To

hold loosely; handle irresponsibly. This can refer to not working hard for getting cows grass -- just letting them go.

Míntóki aɨtɔlɔlɔɨk ́ inkínyíáŋúnotó ɛndáa amʉ̂ kɛ́ ́tanyámal ɨnkɛ́ra esúmâsh. Do not handle the buying of children's food irresponsibly because they will starve. (Pk).

a-itomúáí

[aitomwáí] [Chamus]: a-ɨtamʉ́ .́ v. 1 • To

cure (lit: to make sick).

care for a sick person. Káytɔ́mʉ́yia. I cared for him. (S). See: a-ishíúnyé ‘To cure’; a-aparɛ́ ‘To cure’. 2 • To

a-ɨtɔ́ŋ

[North]: a-itóŋ. v.prog. To

drip; leak. Ɛ́ ́tɔ́ŋ ́ta. It is dripping.

(W). Átódúa ́nâ dáa natɛyɨɛrákɨ áatumoki nɛ́ākʉ̄ káaɨtɔ́ŋ ɨnkámʉlak. I saw that food which was well cooked, and I started salivating. (W) (lit: ... and my saliva started to drip.).

́ a-ɨtɔŋʉ́ v. To falsely accuse. Ɨwa dúóó ɛntáʉ́ inó idia ɔ́ŋátá peê teníló ayɛ́ nímíkílótú nánʉ́ aitoŋú. Take your "small heart" far away (from me) so that if you die you don't tarnish my name. (Pk).

a-ɨtɔɔmɔ́n v. To invite, welcome, offer hospitality. K ́ntɔɔ́mɔn aké ɨntá ́ ánaa aké. We welcome you always. See: aomón ‘To beg, ask, pray’.

a-ɨtɔɔrɨk ́ v. To cause to occur at or form an end or termination. a-itoósh v. 1 • To knock, push s.o. into line. 2 • To make things knock one another. Ɛg ́ra ɨláyiok áaitoosh iŋúsidin ɛnyɛ̂ ɛg ́ra áaigurran. The boys are knocking their sticks together as they play. (Pk).

cause s.o. to fail or have misfortune. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí aitoósh ɛnká ́ mɛtálaikinoyú esíái. The child is causing the other to fail doing her work. (Pk). See: a-ɨpɔ́n ‘To bump into sth., push’. 3 • To

a-itopír

v. To

fatten an animal.

See: a-ɨtasapʉ́k ‘To

fatten (a non-

animal)’; a-pír ‘To be fat’.

a-ɨtɔpɔ́k v tr. To give health. See: a-pɔ́k ‘To revive, rejuvinate’. a-ɨtɔrɛ́ v.prog. To rule, command, be in command, govern. Á ́tɔ́rɛ́ ́ta. I am ruling it. (W). Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aɨtɔrɛ́ ɛnkâŋ ɛnyɛ́. The man is ruling his home. (Pk). Ɛáta ́nâ kítok léwáísho amʉ̂ nɨnyɛ́ ná ́torɛ ɛnkáŋ ɔ́pɛny. That

woman has (the responsibilities of) manhood because she takes care of the family all alone. (W). Nɛ́mɨr ɨlɔ lɨkáí ɔɨŋɔ́nɨ bási nélótú aɨtɔrɛ́ inkíshú. He (a bull) chased that other bull, then he came to rule the cows. (W). ɔltʉŋáni ɔɨtɔ́rɛ̄ ̄shɔ̄ person who is in command.

a-itorioó v.dir. 1 • To straighten sth.; stretch out. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aitorioó ɛnkɨlâ nanunúko. The man is straightening a folded cloth. (Pk).

escort s.o. Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aitorioó ɛnká ́ nag ́ra ashukó. The woman is escorting the other one who is returning. (Pk). 3 • [North] To do one thing and forget about others; focus. Káítorioóyie lkási. I'm focused on this work. (S). See: aitoriorí ‘To be straight’. 2 • To

a-itoriorí

be straight. 2 • To lay down. See: a-itorioó ‘To straighten’; a-ɨsɨrɨr ;́ a-shó ‘To be straight’.

a-itorís

v.dir v.mid. 1 • To

[North]: a-itɨr

́s. v. 1 • To equalize, divide into equal parts. This might be done to provide equal shares of a limited resource to several people. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aitorís inkíshú oó nkitúáak ɛnyɛ́na. The man is equalizing the cows of his wives. (Pk). make correspond. Kɛ́nárɛ̄ aké néítorisiokiní ɛmp ́kátá ɔɔ́ ntóyie esukúúl ɛnɔɔ́ láyíók. The number of girls that go to school should equal that of boys. (Pk). 2 • To

a-itorít

v. 1 • To

be half full or half empty. 2 • To make equal, equalize. 3 • To meet half way; to be half way.

a-itoritíé

1 • To

make equal with. 2 • To fill half way. 3 • To meet halfway with.

a-itorité [North] v. [North] To be exactly half full. a-ɨtɔrɔgɔ́ny v. To grab; take advantage of people. ɔltʉŋáni ɔɨtɔrɔ́gɔny person who grabs; takes advantage of people. a-itoroníó [North] v. [North] To be thirsty or hungry. See: arón ‘To go without water’; a-pukoó ‘To go without food’.

a-ɨtɔruorí v. To have a nap. a-itorrokí [North] v. [North] To wrong s.o. a-itotí v.prog. 1 • To feed, cause to eat. One does not usually use this verb for feeding cattle. Éítótíto ɛnkɛ́ráí kɨt ́ aɨshɔ́ ɛndáa. I

am feeding the little child to give it food. See: a-daá ‘To eat, feed (intr)’; a-nyá ‘To eat (tr)’. 2 • To support. The central idea involves caring for s.o. with reference to food, to make sure they have enough. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aitotí ɛnkolíâî ɔ́ laláshɛ otúá. The man is supporting the widow of his late brother. (Pk).

a-itoyió [North] a-itú

a-ɨtʉ́

v. [North]

It has rained on me. (S).

To rain on. Káaitoyíó. [káàytòyyó]

come back. Eitú. He will come back. Eítu. He will come back. (W). Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aitú amʉ̂ ɛshɔmɔ inkáŋítie. The man is coming back because he went to other homes. (Pk). See: a-shúk ‘To return’. v.dir. To

unload sth. Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aɨtʉ́ ílólân to síkíria. The woman is unloading the donkey. (Pk). 2 • To do sth. one at a time. Note: For mk, the concept of loading is v. 1 • To

acceptable, but not necessary. Just that sth. is done 'one at a time.' Ɛshɔ́mɔ ɛnkɛráí aɨtʉ́ ilkuóo oótié ɔlálɛ́. The child is taking out the kids/lambs one at a time. (Pk). Ɛ ́tʉ. He will take one out one at a time (from end of set). Ɛ ́tʉ. He will take one out one at a time (from end of set). (W).

ɨtʉ- cause. Variant form of the Class I Causative prefix. See: ɨta-. a-ɨtʉdʉ́p v. 1 • To make effective. See: a-dʉ́p ‘To be effective’. 2 • [North]

a-ɨtʉdʉ́t

To kindle using a live fire as source.

v. 1 • To

make s.o. choose from two or more options. See: adʉ́t ‘To choose’; a-shɨlʉ́ ‘To choose’; a-gɛ́l ‘To divide, sort out’. 2 • To offer for comparison, make s.o. compare two or more things. Ɛɨtʉ́dʉt. He will compare / prefer it. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aɨtʉdʉ́t ɔlɨkâ ̂ ɨnkashɔ́ aɨŋɔrʉ́ ɛ́wáyâ. The man is making the other compare several heifers to choose one to take. (Pk).

a-itujúŋ v. To bequeath. Néítujûŋ ɔlpáyian ɨnkɛ́ra ɛnyɛ́nak inkíshú. The old man is making his children inherit the cows. (W). Ɛg ́ra olgírímâ lɛ́ nkaŋ aitujúŋ ɨlayîôk lɛnyɛ́na. The head of the home is bequeathing (to) his sons. (Pk).

a-itujuŋishó

plan for the disposition of one's wealth and family when death is anticipated. Né ́tujuŋísho ɔlpáyian inkíshú ɛnyɛ́nak. The man is dividing up his cattle (to give to various people). (W). This is done by both men and woman when one is older or has reason to anticipate dying soon. Central things discussed are: disposition/apportionment of property; (traditionally) marriage arrangements for your children; arrangements for settling debts. It typically may include what will happen to the family at large: eg. which son will be responsible for which wife, whether one son should be the overall caretaker for the family at large, etc. See: ajúŋ ‘To inherit’; en-kítújúŋore ‘Will’.

a-itúk [North]

v.apass. To

v. 1 • To

wash sth. (eg. clothes).

See: a-ɨsʉ́sh1 ‘To

wash dishes; clean a calabash’. 2 • [North] To wash hands. See: a-itukú; a-ɨsʉ́j ‘To wash sth.’.

a-itukó a-itukú

v.mid. To

take a bath.

See: a-ɨsúj ‘To

wash sth.’.

wash, clean sth. Eitúkū entitó ɔlayíʉ́ni. The girl will wash the boy. Ɛg ́ra entitó aitukú ɛnkɛráí kɨt ́. The girl is washing the little child. (Pk). Áaitukóki entitó ɔlayíʉ́ni. The girl will wash the boy for me. Ɛt́ áá ɛná áji ololá aitúku ánaa aké. This house has become a burden, to clean it every day. Kóre tɛ nɛ́tashá ŋolé ánáátá kinotô ɛnkárɛ́ nekíntukúyie inkíshú. If it could have rained yesterday, we could have gotten water that we (could) spray/wash cows with. (W). Álóíto aitukú inkíshú. I am going to spray the cows. (W). 2 • To wash sth. off of self; bathe. See: a-itukó ‘To take a bath’. 3 • To wash or cleanse oneself from evil or from curses. v. 1 • To

a-itukúó v.mid. To take a bath. See: a-ɨsʉj ‘To wash sth.’. a-ɨtʉkʉ́j v. To challenge. áa-ɨtʉkʉja To challenge each other. a-itukúó v. To take a bath. See: a-itukó ‘To take a bath’. a-ɨtʉkʉrrʉ́ v. 1 • To shame, insult. 2 • To

flatly refuse to give; repulse.

a-itukutukó

v. To

bluff. Note: see synonyms at ilalankúsh; a-kúsh ‘To bluff’.

a-itulú [North]

v. [North]

a-ɨwúáŋ ‘To flash’.

To light.

See: a-purú; a-

See: a-inók ‘To

kindle (a fire)’;

a-itulúb v. [North] To cause to be greedy. Párákúóísho náítulûb ltʉ́ŋáná. It is wealth that makes people greedy. (SN). See: lúbo ‘Greed’.

a-ɨtʉlʉlʉ́ŋ

v. 1 • [North]

To sense danger and make an escape. 2 • To cause to complete.

3 • To

make complete. 4 • To sum up.

a-itumokí v. See: a-tumokí ‘To succeed, have the opportunity to do’. a-itumutikí v. To delay s.o. from sth. Eyéwuo ɛncân aitumutikí ɨltʉ́ŋáná ɛ́ ́tʉ̂ épúô inkáŋitie. The rain has come to delay people from going home (on time). (Pk). See: aimutikí ‘To delay into the evening’; a-imutíé ‘To be late, linger’; a-tɔ́n ‘To sit, delay’.

a-itún [North] v. [North] To grab, hold firmly. a-itúny v. 1 • To step on, trample. 2 • To

despise; oppose. 3 • [North] To shoot, but not deep enough. 4 • [North] To hit without breaking the bone (as with a blunt object).

a-ɨtʉnyʉnyʉ́k [North] v.prog. [North] To compare. Ká ́tʉ́nyʉ́nyʉk kʉnâ taré. I will compare these goats. ́ ́ntʉnyʉ́nyʉk kʉnâ taré. We will compare these (SN). Ɨk goats. (SN).

a-itunyunyukíé [North] v. [North] To compare. a-ituŋeikí v. 1 • To pull sth. off sth. else. Ɛg ́ra oldîâ aituŋeikí ɔlɨkâ ̂ enkirriŋó. The dog is pulling off meat from the other. (Pk).

discourage s.o. from holding on to or doing sth. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aituŋeikí ɔlɨkâ ̂ ɛndúátá tɔrrɔ́nɔ̂. The man is discouraing the other from doing sth. evil. (Pk). See: a-nʉ́t ‘To slip out of one's hand’; a-pál ‘To leave off, stop doing sth.’; aituŋuaá ‘To make s.o. leave sth. behind’. 2 • To

a-ɨtʉŋʉ́

v. To

make sth. smell bad. This could, for example, be done by putting smelly socks into shoes.

a-ituŋuaá [North]: a-ituŋaá. v. 1 • To make s.o. leave sth. behind. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aɨtuŋuaá ɨntasatí ɛndáa nanɨp ́ta.

The man has made the woman leave behind the food they were carrying. (Pk). 2 • To

rescue, save. Néírorie Dáudi ɔlaitóriani iróreí lɛ́lɛ

sínkólíó ɨna ɔlɔ́ŋ natalákúá nɨnyɛ́ ɔláítóríání aituŋuáá ɛnká ́ná ɔɔ́ lmaŋátí lɛnyɛ́ná pɔɔk ́. And

David spoke to the Lord the words of this song in the day that the Lord rescued him from the hand of all his enemies. See: apál ‘To stop, leave off doing sth.’; a-nʉ́t ‘To let sth. slip from the hand’.

a-itupukú

bring out of the house. Éntupukú! Come out of the house! (Pk). See: enk-ítúpúkúnotó ‘The ritual of bringing a child out of the house prior to circumcision’. v. To

enk-ítúpúkúnotó

Nom sg: enk-itupukúnotú. n. The

ritual of bringing a boy or girl out of the house, usually several weeks prior to circumcision. This is a sign of preparation for adulthood. See: a-itupukú ‘To bring out of the house’.

a-ɨtʉpʉrʉpʉrán

v. To

a-ɨtʉpʉ́sh

put into an emotional state.

make sth. complete. round, spherical; complete’. v. 1 • To

See: a-pʉrpʉraná ‘To

be

put into an emotional state of daring to fight. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aɨtʉpʉsh ɨlɔɨnɔ́k lɛnyɛ́na aramát. The man is rearing his bulls until it is daring to fight. (Pk). See: a-pʉ́sh ‘To be in an excitable state’; a-p ́ ‘To be sharp, brave’. 2 • To

a-ɨtʉraá v. To lose. N ́m ́ncɔ́ aké ɛlɛ̂ wúshúwúshí elô aɨrrɨtá inkíshú amʉ̂ kɛ́ ́tʉ́raa. Do not let this transgressor go herd cows because he will lose them. (Pk). Ɛshɔmɔ́ pápaaí aasaayá ɛndâ áŋ naituráyie enkiyîô. My father has gone to visit that family that has lost a child. (W). See: a-ɨturraá ‘To lose, throw away’.

a-ituré [West]: a-ɨtʉrɛ́. v. 1 • To startle; frighten; scare. Eitúréíshó ɛná mísimísī. This darkness is frightening. (W). See: a-ituriá [North] ‘To frighten, shoo away’.

threaten. Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aituré ɛnkɛráí mɛ́ ́nɔsá ɛndáa. The woman is frightening the child so that she may eat the food. (Pk). 2 • To

a-ɨtʉrɨáá To scare away. a-ituriá [North] v. v. [North] To frighten. See: a-ituré ‘To frighten’. 2 • v. [North]

To shoo away.

a-ituríé [North] [North] To frighten with, scare with. a-ɨtʉrʉ́j v. 1 • To break a taboo, defile, pollute. 2 • To

cause to swell.

a-iturúk Variant: a-ɨturúk. v.prog. 1 • To precede, go in front; lead. Ɛshɔmɔ̂ ɨlaɨkɨtálak áaituruk áaleen ɨlmaŋátī. The spies have gone ahead to scout out the enemy. Kóre ɔpá k ́ndʉ́rr ́tâ áapuo enetií ɛnkárɛ, ɔlálɛ́ loó nkíshú âŋ náaiturukito, nɛ́sʉjak ́ ɔlálɛ lóo nkíshú ɔɔ́ Ɛmpapá, nɛ́ ́sɨadákɨ ɔlálɛ lóo nkíshú oó Lemeín. When we were

moving to where water is, then the group of our cows was the first one, followed by a group of Empapa's cows, then lastly the group of Lemein's cows. (W). Ɛshɔmɔɨtɔ́ impûôt áaituruk peê ɛsʉjʉ́ oltîm. The forward group of warriors is leading, followed by the backs. 2 • [North] To pass and get in front of s.o. or sth. See: ɛnaitúruk ‘The most important thing; leader’; dʉkʉ́ya ‘Ahead’; asiooyó ‘To arrive early, first’; a-ŋás ‘To do first, arrive first’.

o-itúruk n. First. See: a-iturú ‘To precede’. a-iturukúm [North] v.s. [North] To be pregnant. Kéíturúkūm ɛná kítók. This woman is pregnant. (S). In some S varieties, this verb can be used of animals or people. In other S varieties, this verb is used only for animals. See: a-áp ‘To be pregnant (of animals)’; a-nʉtá ‘To be pregnant’; a-iroishí ‘To be heavy’.

a-iturukumú

v.incep. To

become pregnant.

a-ɨtʉrʉkʉ́ny a-ɨtʉrʉpak ́

v. To

v. To

close eyes.

get filled up, swollen, plump; especially the teats or breats with milk. Káke n ́ntɛr adɔ́l ajó etubúlūā inê; nɛ́ ́tʉrʉpákɨ kunén, ɨlʉkʉ́ny aké ɔɔ́ irkimojík, But you first see that part has grown; it plumps up here, the tips (heads) of the fingers . See: a-rʉ́p ‘To heap up’.

a-ɨtʉrraá v.dir. 1 • To throw away; abandon. Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aɨtʉrraá osiapírdi. The woman is throwing away the old ́ áytʉrrāī siî iyyoók enkírōīshī aké cloth. (Pk). Ɛm pɔɔk ́. Let's also throw away all the heaviness. 2 • To lose. Maɨtʉrráá aná rrarráti. I will not lose this

piece. (SN). See: a-ɨtʉraá ‘To lose’. 3 • To lose s.o. in death (ie. they died). Usage: With human object. aɨtʉrraá enkiyîô to have a child die. See: a-náŋ ‘To throw’; aishukushukoó ‘To throw away’; a-imirkikoó ‘To throw away’.

a-iturrúrr

v.prog. To

gather, bring, collect together into one group;

heap up. Ɛg ́ra ɔlayíóní aiturrúrr ɨntarɛ́ amʉ̂ ésíápírdátɛ. The boy is gathering together the goats/sheep because they are scattered. (Pk). Néíturrúrro pɔ́ɔk ̄ ̄. They all gathered together. Eiturrúrrote ɨnkátampo. The clouds have gathered together. (Pk). Kéítúrrūrrī ɨnkayîôk áâ ɨlá ́bártak. Boys are gathered together who are new initiates. Káítúrrúrríto soitó. I am collecting stones together into a pile. (SN). Káítúrrúrró soitó ŋolé. I collected stones together in a pile yesterday. (SN). See: l-túrrúrr [North] ‘Crowd’; a-bɔsʉ́ ‘To collect, gather’; a-sót ‘To collect, gather, put together’; a-ŋɛrʉ́ ‘To gather fruits’.

a-ɨtʉsʉnyaá [North] stretch out.

a-ɨtʉshʉ́l

[North]: a-

Variant: a-ɨtɨsɨnyaá. v. [North]

To straighten,

ɨtʉcʉ́l. v. 1 • To mix two or more things together so they are not (easily) distinguishable, or so they become

homogenized. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aɨtʉshʉ́l inkinejí ɔ́ nkɛrrá. The man is mixing the goats and sheep together. Óre peê ɨntʉ́shʉl kʉlɛ́ ɔ́ sárgɛ́ nɛ́ākʉ̄ ɔsaróí. When you mix milk and blood it becomes ɔsáróí.

add, put together. Óre peê ɨntʉ́shʉl nabô ɔ uní nɛ́ākʉ̄ oŋúán. When you add one and three it becomes four. ́ Ɨntʉshʉlak ́ kʉlɛ́ ɛnkárɛ́. Add milk to water. Usage: This can be used for mixing two complete individuated amounts of the same kind of thing together. However, you could not use this for requesting s.o. to add some more tea to a cup that already had some in it.. See: a-ɨpʉ́rj; a-kúr ‘To mix’. 2 • To

a-itutokí [North]

v. [North]

To pour out most or all of a nonliquid substance (eg. sugar, flour).

a-itutú v. To make empty of contents at once. a-itutúó To fall little by little from a container. a-itutúm v. 1 • To put together two or more things that remain distinguishable; cause to meet. aitutúm ɨnkɛrrá ó nkinejí peê atumóki aɨrr ́ta tenébo. To put together sheep and goats so that I can look after them together.

introduce. Kááítútúmōkī ɔlaláshɛ láí. I will introduce you to my brother. 2 • To

reconcile; bring together warring groups. Eitútúmó ɔláígúɛ́nání ɨltʉ́ŋáná ɔɔ́taarátɛ. The chief has reconciled the people that fought. Usage: You can use this for making people meet, but not for mixing flour and sugar, milk and water. You can't use it for addition in math. This cannot be used for adding more of the same kind of thing, unless the two amounts are conceptualized as individuated. Thus, you would not use it for asking s.o. to add more water to a bucket that already had some water in it.. See: a-ɨtʉshʉ́l ‘To mix, add’. 3 • To

a-ituwuoó [North]

[àìtùwòó] v.dir. [North]

To move s.o. away.

a-íú

In some suffixed forms: a-íún. PF [Southern Maa]: -toíwūō. PF [Samburu Maa]: -

tiiwua. v.dir. 1 • To bear offspring or fruit; give birth. Ɛg ́ra enkítok aíú ɛnkɛráí. The woman is bearing a child. (Pk). Ɛg ́ra ɔlcáni aishó aíú ɨlŋanayíó kúmok. The tree is bearing many fruits. (Pk). Kéyu nkítók âi nkɛ́ráí. My wife will bear a child. (S). Nɛ́manyɨshɔ́ néiuní ɨnkɛ́ra. They will have children. (W). Eyíú ɛntánkɨlɛ ɛnkɛ́ráí. The mother gives birth to a child. (W). Eíúno. It has already been born/It is born. (W). Eyíúnī ɛnkɛ́ráí. The child will be born. Eyíúnī ɛnkɛ́ráí. The child will be born. / The child is being born (right now). (W). Eínī ɛnkɛ́ráí The child will be born. Ɛlɛ̂ oshî ɛtaŋasákɨ áayiu níkíntókíní iyíé. It is this one who was given birth to first and you later on. (Pk). Néjî etoíūō entítō. It is said that she has given birth to a girl.

Áátóíūō tɔ lárî lɛ́ nkálifu nabô ɔ́ îp naáudó ɔ́ ntomoni naápishana ɔ́ naápishana. I gave birth to you in the year 1977. Ɛt́ ́ ́wúá. She bore him/her. (S). Eitáyīō enkiyíô She miscarried. (lit: She gave birth to a deceased child.). 2 • To beget, become the father of.

a-ishó To give birth, bear (fruit). Note: Antipassive form of a-íú(n) a-iul

or a-í(n)

See: a-iní ‘To

be born’.

swing, swerve. Ɛg ́ra aíúl empíókî tɛ nkoitóí. He is swerving the vehicle on the road. (Pk). 2 • To stir. This is usually done with ol-kípire. v. 1 • To

go all over the place. Usage: informal. ɔltʉŋáni oíúlō a person who moves from one place to another. 3 • To

a-iulokí

1 • To

get to the point. 2 • To stir for.

a-iulú ɛnk ́má This is mostly ceremonial.To make fire with a firestick.

a-iúrr [North]

v. 1 • [North]

To stumble in speech. ɨdaŋɨdáŋ ‘To stumble in speech’.

See: a-

To make a slip of the tongue. Káíúrro. I said sth. unintended. (S). 2 • [North]

a-iurraúrr [North] [North] To blurt out; make a slip of the tongue while speaking quickly (S).

a-iurruúrr

v. v. To

move repeatedly from side to side; shake; wag. 2 • v. To be a wimp; lack confidence.

a-iurruurríé v.inst. To shake. a-iutuutíé [North] v.inst. [North] To use sth. to rub with. See: aiutu'út ‘To grind, scrape, make smooth’.

a-iutu'út [West]: a-iutuut. v.prog. 1 • [West] To grind grain. Eiútúútokí ɨlpáêk ŋolé. The corn was ground yesterday.

(W). Note: lk (K) and mk (S) reject grain as the object of this verb.

smooth or cleanse sth. Áítú'ut ɛndáp ɛ́ nkɛjʉ́. I will smooth the sole of my foot. Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aiutu'út ɨndápi ɔɔ́ nkɛjɛ́k. The woman is cleansing the soles of her feet. (Pk). 2 • To

scrape or remove sth. by scratching it off. Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aiutu'út olconí aɨtaʉ́ ɨlpáp ́t. The woman is scratching the skin to remove the hair. (Pk). See: a-idɔ́ŋ ‘To grind grain’; aiyí ‘To file, sharpen’; a-yutuyút ‘To rub’; a-jút ‘To rub, wipe’. 3 • To

a-iuyiaúí

v. To

be disturbed; troubled; disordered; worried. ɨŋasíá ‘To be worried’.

See: a-

a-ɨwarrɨwárr v. To be blurred; vague; indistinct; unclear; fuzzy. Kɛ́wārr ̄wārr ɨná báɛ tɛ iyíook. That issue is not clear to us.

a-ɨwarɨwarak ́ v.dat. To see sth. vaguely. a-ɨwarɨwarʉ́ v.dir. To be fuzzy; blurry. a-iwúáŋ v. 1 • To go aside, get out of the way (eg. to let s.o. go by); take a turn. Kɛ́ ́wúáŋá. He has stepped aside. (S). Ɛg ́ra

shʉmatá aɨpʉsʉ́ amʉ̂ ɛg ́ra ɨnkátampɔ áaiwuaŋa.

The sky is becoming blue because the clouds are clearing off. (Pk).

take a side route. Kéíwúáŋga. He has taken a different path. (S). 3 • To get away from. 2 • To

depart, as in death. Usage: respectful. Kéíwúáŋa. He has died. (S). This would be said if the deceased were not very old. See: a-yɛ́ ‘To die’. 5 • [North] To flash (of lightening). 4 • To

a-iwuaŋíé v.inst. 1 • To remove from the path of traffic; put aside. Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aiwuaŋíé ɔltîm peê ɛɨpáŋ intárɛ. The

woman is removing the (last of) the gate branches so that the goats/sheep may go. (Pk). See: a-ɨtɛŋɛ́l ‘To remove’. 2 • To move away with. 3 • To call s.o. aside.

a-iwuaŋú

v.dir. 1 • To

split off and join another group. 2 • To split off, branch towards.

a-iwuasú [North]

v.incep. [North]

To become patchy. See: wúâs ‘Having a big patch on side’.

a-ɨwúát v. To shake. a-iwuatiwúát [North] Acc sg: a-iwuotiwuot. Variant: a-ɨwuatʉwúát. v. 1 • To move sth. smoothly to and fro or to another side. Ɛg ́ra ɔlmóílaâ aiwuatiwuatá The beetle is moving slightly.(Pk). 2 • To

shake continuously and gently. 3 • [Chamus] To change sth. See: a-ɨbɛlɛkɛ́ny ‘To turn’.

a-ɨwuatʉwúát [North]

v. 1 • [North]

To turn around (of people,

etc.). 2 • [North] To turn sth. around end to end. See: a-iwuatiwúát ‘To move sth. to and fro’.

a-iwúc [North]

v. 1 • [North]

To stagger. 2 • [North] To leave one's family and go about as a vagabond. See: a-iwúsh ‘To loiter, transgress’.

a-iwuerrikonú [North] become pinkish-tan.

a-iwúl

v. 1 • To

Variant: a-wuerrikonú. v.incep. [North]

See: wuerrikói

[North] ‘Pinkish-tan’.

move sth. (eg. a club) back and forth. 2 • To move straight towards.

a-iwuló

v.mid. To

move from place to place without rest. ijúl ‘To decant’.

a-ɨwúɔ́t [North]

To

See: a-

PF: -tuwuo. v. 1 • [North]

To migrate, change residence, move. Kátúwuo. I have migrated. (S). Íkítuwúó. We have migrated. (S). See: a-ɨdʉ́rr ‘To migrate’. To change sth. áaɨwuotɨwuot ɨltʉ́ŋáná to change people. 2 • [North]

a-iwuowuokí To tap (liquid) into sth. Néíwuowúóki ɔsárgɛ́ ɛnkʉ́tʉ́k. He tapped the blood into his mouth. a-iwúsh v. 1 • To loiter. Ɛshɔmɔ́ olkirikóí aiwúsh tɔɔ́ ldʉ́kayí. The loiterer has gone to loiter in the shops. (Pk). This is mainly negative, especially with respect to young people. 2 • To transgress; have bad habits; be out of line, not follow the usual pattern, be defiant. Ɛg ́ra ɨnkɛ́ra áaiwush áany ɛ́n ̂ŋ intóiwúó ɛnyɛ̂. The children are transgressing by disobeying their parents. (Pk). Ɛshɔmɔ́ ɛnkɛráí náíwushúwush aɨrragaá ɨnkáŋítie. The wayward child has gone to sleep away in other homes. (Pk).

a-iwushíé

1 • To

lead astray, cause s.o. to be badly behaved. 2 • To deceive. See: a-looló ‘To loiter’; a-ɨmɛ́k ‘To transgress’.

a-iyá [North] íyáa

To be a colour. Kéíyâ. It is coloured. (S). Ííyááa. You all are coloured. (S). Variant: a-iyaná. v. [North]

interj. Possible

response if one has not heard another person

clearly; huh? what?

ɛnk- ́yág ́yag n. Bobbing of head while walking, like a bird. Tápala ɛnk ́yág ́yag, shɔ́mɔ tɔ́tɔna ́ntɔbɨrak ́. Stop bobbing your head as you walk, go and sit well. (Pk). See: ayág ‘To pause’; a-yagɨyág ‘To walk leisurely’.

́yá ́ [North]

[North] Nom sg: ɨyá .́ [North] Acc pl:

́yā, ́yaí, ́yân. [North] Nom

́yâ. n. 1 • [North] Crested porcupine. Hystrix. 2 • [North] Porcupine quill, used especially by uncircumcised boys to make ornaments. See: ɔ-y ́yáí; ɔ-yɔ́yáí ‘Porcupine’. pl:

a-ɨyɛ́t [North] v. [North] To unpack, unload. a-ɨyɔ́p v. To cover. Nájo ájóki oleyieyîô máyɔparɛ ewúéji peê kɨs ́k. I tried to tell my brother that we should go hiding ourselves along somewhere so that we disappear.

a-ɨyɔpɨyɔ́p

have intercourse. 2 • To cover again and again.

a-iyupuyúp

íyia

v.prog. 1 • [North]

Usage: vulgar.

To shake or bob as you move.

blaze. Íyupiyupié ɛnkímá. Make the fire blaze! Ɛg ́ra ɛnk ́ma aiyupuyúp olêŋ. The fire is blazing so much. (Pk). See: a-ɨnɔ́k ‘To light’; a-kʉ́t ‘To blow’. 2 • To

a-iyí

1 • To

whet, sharpen on a stone. Ɛg ́ra ɔlmʉrraní aiyí ɔlálɛ́m. The warrior is sharpening his sword (on a stone). (Pk). Éyaʉ́ enkií nikíyiíyie ɔlálɛ́m. Bring a whetting stone for sharpening the knife. (Pk). Nétūm ireméta naágɨrá áayiyi átɛ́. He found spears that were sharpening themselves. This is for metal sharpening, and is now done mostly on a stone. In the past, metal was sharpened by rubbing it on ash that had been spread on the dung on the top of a house. Kéíyíó. He sharpened it. (S). See: a-ɨtip ́j ‘To sharpen’. v. To

beg your pardon? What did you say? Íyíâ! Amʉ̂ ɛɨtʉ́ doí aníŋ enítéjo. I beg your pardon, because I did not hear what you said. (Pk). [Purko]: íyíâ. excl. I

iyíé

Nom sg: íyīē. pn. 2nd

person singular accusative pronoun; you. This free pronoun form is used in discourse to emphasize that the subject of the sentence is second person nominative ́ íretú iyíé. We (will) help YOU. (Pk). singular 'you'. Ɛk Ááílúgo iyíé. I hit you. (W). Ídúŋ íyīē. YOU (sg) will cut. Kílúgo íyīē. You hit me. (W). Tápala aké íyīē amʉ̂ káaɨtɨsɨnyákɨ ɛnkaí esíáai. Do not mind (lt. just leave it [if there are doubtful things]) because God will make this work holy/blameless for me. (Pk). See: kɛwán ‘Self, reflexive’.

iyíói [North] iyíóó

[iyyói] [North] Nom sg: íyioi. [North] Acc pl: iyíó. [North] Nom

pl: íyio. n. [North]

A bald hyena species, perhaps the aardwolf.

us. Kóre peê ɛ́dɔ́l iyíóó lósowuaní nɛ́arári áaɨsɨg. When the buffalo saw us, they ran away fleeing. (SN). Kɔ́dɔ́l lŋatúny iyióó. The lion will see us. (SN). K ́dɔlɨta iyióó lŋátúny. We are seeing the lion. (SN). See: iyíóók ‘First person plural pronoun’. [North] Acc sg: iyióó. [North] Nom pl: iyióó. pn. We,

iyíóók

Nom pl: iyioók. [North] Acc sg: iyóó. pn. First

person plural pronoun; we, us. Papâ ɔ́ ́kʉná injí iyíóók. It is our father who has done this to us. Kɛ́ār doí iyíóók ɛlɛ̂ tʉ́ŋání. This man will indeed kill us.

́'ɨ [North]

[ɪ ́ʔɪ ̀ with nasalized vowels] interj. [North]

No.

See: á'ā ‘No’.

J-j j Letter representing the Maa alveopalatal voiced affricate

consonant /ɗʒ/. Some speakers may have light implosion, while for others the sound is not implosive.

a-jaayá

regain possession of what you had given out previously. This usually happens after a dispute. You claim back what you had given out to the other person while you were good friends.

o-jálúí

a-jáp

v. To

[Purko] Acc sg: ɔl-jálúóí. [Purko] Nom sg: ɔl-jalúóí. [Purko] Acc pl: ɨl-

jalúo. [Purko] Nom pl: ɨl-jáluo. n. A Luo person. Kɛ́nyɔ́r ɛnkánashɛ áí ojálúí otoduáá tɛ súkuúl. My sister likes the Luo she saw in school. v. 1 • To

hide sth. under the armpits or inside one's clothes. 2 • To carry, support. 3 • [North] To secure, shelter, enfold, give cover. In S, this term is used especially in traditional prayer.

a-japɨjapá To be uneasy, not comfortable. See: a-isudoó ‘To hide’. a-jár v. To extend. a-jaraá To extend; increase; grow big. a-jarɨcɔ́ [North] v. [North] To burp up, hiccup (of babies). n-jasí [North] [North] Nom sg: n-jási. [North] Acc pl: n-jasîn. [North] Nom pl: n-jásin. n. [North]

Plant whose roasted roots may be eaten during the dry season. See: n-anyôî [North] ‘Edible root’.

a-jɛ́ [North] v. [North] To be a certain one. See: ojé ‘Certain one’. a-jéú In some suffixed forms: -jeun. v. 1 • To save s.o. or sth. from physical harm.

save from problems. Ká ́nyɔ̄ɔ ̄ apá éjó kélotú aɨtajéú nɨncɛ́ tɔɔ́ nyámalitin? What did they expect to come save 2 • To

them from their problems? (Pk). In W, this would not be used for saving a child that is in physical trouble, or for getting s.o. out of financial trouble, etc.

be saved. Usage: religious. Ejéú ɛnkɛrá ́. The child will be saved. (W). See: ɔl-aitájéúnoni ‘Savior’. 4 • [North] To get food to eat. 5 • [North] To wake up healthy. 3 • To

a-ɨtajéú To prevent the destruction of sth.; redeem, rescue, save. en-jéúnotó n. Salvation. See: a-jéú ‘To save’. a-jeyú v.is. To swell. Áagɨrá ɛnkainá ajeyú. My arm is swelling. Étéjíá ɛnkainá áí. My arm became swollen. Eitéjia. He will make it swell.

a-jeyíó [North]

See: a-poŋú ‘To

[àdʒèyyó] v. [North]

swell (of the stomach)’.

To sleep over at a place for one or more nights. Kátéjéyie. I have slept over (there). (S).

a-itejeyíó [North] [North] To keep or delay sth. overnight. -jî v.pass. 1 • To be named, be called. Defective passive stem of a-jó 'to say' which only occurs in relative clause formations. Éló entitó nájî Námúnyák. [éló èntìtó nádʒí námúɲák] not [nàdʒì]. The girl named Namunyak will go. Kááyóóki aɨshɔ́ entóki najî ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. I am going to give you sth. called a cow. Sídáí taá dúóó ɛlɛ́ tʉ́ŋání ojî Lɛmarrôn. This person called Lemarrôn is good (natured). (Pk). Kéjī aá ɛnkalámu? How do you say pen? (W). Kéjī aá ɛmbúku? How do you say book? (W).

be said, be reported. néjî, etoíshē ɛnapá tɔmɔnɔn ́... (when) it is reported that the previouslymentioned woman has given birth... naajî isayíéta called (a) dowry (W). inkíshú naájî ɨsay ́ɛ́ta cows that are called bride-price. inkíshu náajî ɨsay ́ɛ́ta cows (nominative) that are called bride-price. See: a-jó ‘To say’. 2 • To

a-j ́

sieve or strain (liquid); sift (flour). Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aj ́ ɔlturúnki. The woman is sieving tea. (Pk). Kát ́jɨa. I have strained it. (S). See: en-jíátá ‘Sifting’; a-gɛ́l ‘To sift, sort’; a-sɨl ‘To strain’.

v. To

en-jíán Nom sg: en-jián. [Purko] Nom sg: en-jîân. n. Swelling. Ɛtasápʉka enjîân éwúéi náataŋoro ilótorok. The swelling on my

hand from the bee sting has enlarged. (Pk). See: a-jieyú ‘To swell’.

en-jíátá

Nom sg: en-jiatá. n. Sifting.

Ésídáí ɛnjiatá ɛ́na kurmá.

The sifting of this maize flour is good. (Pk). See: a-j ́ ‘To sift’.

a-jieí [North]

To swell. Kɛ́tɛ́jíá. It has swollen. (S). Kɛ́tɛ́j ́ɛ́ ̄ta. [kɛ́tɛ́jyɛ́ɪ ́ta] They have swollen. (S). See: a-jeú ‘To swell’.

a-jieyú

Variant: jeí. v.incep. [North]

swell. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí ajieyú nátaŋorô ilótorok. The child who has been stung by a bee is swollen. (Pk). atɛjiá To have swollen (Perfect(ive) / Subjunctive). See: a-jieí [North] ‘To swell’; en-jíán ‘Swelling’. v. To

ol-jíni n. Evil spirit. Etymology: < ? ‘jin’. l-jínjil [North] Variant: l-j ́njɨl. [North] Nom sg: l-jínjîl. [North] Acc pl: l-

a-j ́ŋ

jínjílí. [North] Nom pl: l-jínjilí. n. [North] Basket with lid used to keep breakables within the house, esp. clay pots. Etymology: ? < Cushitic; cf. Borana cancala.

enter, go in. Ɛg ́ra enkíne ajíŋ atûâ ɛlɔkɛ́t. The goat is getting into the fold. (Pk). Enê ɛ́t ́j ́ŋá. This is where he entered. Enê ɛt ́j ́ŋá. This is where he entered. (W). Enê étíjíŋíé. They went in through here. Enê etíjíŋíé. They went in through here. (W). Enê etijíŋunyê. They came in through here. Enê etijíŋunyê. They came in through here. Ɛt́ ́j ́ŋá enkíne (atûâ) ɛmúátátá The goat entered the kraal. Néjō áj ́ŋ ɛnkají, nɛ́kúɛ́t ɛnkájī, When he tried to enter the house, the house ran (away). Kéudí oshî ɨnkɛ́ra kʉt ́t ́ ɔsindánó peê mɛ́j ́ŋ ɛnt ́dɨyai. Children are taken v. 1 • To

to hospital for smallpox vaccine. (lit: Children are injected so smallpox doesn't enter.). Mmetumóki ɛná áyíóní atɔtɔ́na aɨtɔbɨrak ́ amʉ̂ ɛ́t ́j ́ŋá ɔldʉ́ta ́ ɔltúlii This boy cannot sit well because he has a boil on his buttock. (Pk). fit. Ɛshɔmɔ̂ ŋolé inkáyiok mɛshɔ́mɔ́ ́ áatɛm iséseni peê eyiolouní ɛnɛbâ inkílaní naajîŋ. The boys went yesterday to be measured so that it can be known which clothes fit. 2 • To

a-jɨŋaá

keep on entering into many places. 2 • To get inside of. 3 • To effect. 4 • [North] To suffice, have enough of. 5 • [North] To take sides with, stick up for.

a-jɨŋá

v.dir. 1 • To

be entered. Ɛj ́ŋa ɛndâ áji. That house has been entered. (Pk). Ɛj ́ŋa It (eg., a cave) is entered [I can see s.o. inside]. v.mid. 1 • To

become mentally ill. Ɛg ́ra olkúóô ajɨŋá. The lamb is becoming mentally ill. (Pk). 2 • To

a-jiŋíé a-jɨŋʉ́

v.inst. To

go in through.

v.dir. 1 • To

enter, come in.

be in accord with. enkoitóí nájiŋunóre énêbīblīā the path that is completely in line with the Bible. 2 • To

a-jiŋunyé To come in through. See: ɛn-j ́ŋátá; ɛn-j ́ŋárɛ́ ‘Entering’; ɛn-jɨŋɛ́t ‘That which is entered’.

a-j ́ŋ ají

v. Usage: polite. To

give birth (lit: to enter into the house). See: a-ishó ‘To give birth’.

a-j ́ŋ enkoríóŋ 2 • To

v.phrase. 1 • To

get onto someone's back.

stand behind. 3 • To give support to s.o., as in political campaigns, debates.

n-j ́ŋa

n. Group

of men or women, formed to enter people's homes for traditional performances.

ɛn-j ́ŋárɛ́

n. 1 • Entering.

2 • [North]

The entering of many men into a house and singing until they are given food. In northern S, when a man is going to marry, he organizes a group of his friends (perhaps 30). They determine who is rich enough to give up sth., then go together to that person's house and sing until they are given a cow or several goats to go eat in the bush. If there isn't enough to satisfy them, they then go to another house, and so on until they are satisfied. This ceremony can last two days. Each house they go to must give them sth.; if not, their 'life may not be in a good condition.' This happens each time a man gets married. • In Pk, the series of singing events is similar, but it can be done for any cultural ceremony where sth. is needed, and it isn't necessarily for personal consumption; the animal could be to give to the ol-oibóni. See: a-j ́ŋ ‘To enter’.

ɛn-j ́ŋátá Nom sg: ɛn-jɨŋatá. Acc pl: ɨn-jɨŋát. Nom pl: ɨn-jɨŋát. n. Entering. Ɛnj ́ŋátá sídáí taá ɨnâ osínkólíó ɨnâ. The joining/entering of that song is great. (Pk). See: a-j ́ŋ ‘To enter’.

ɛn-jɨŋɛ́t

Nom sg: ɛn-j

́ŋɛ́t. Acc pl: ɨn-jɨŋɛ́ta. Nom pl: ɨn-j ́ŋɛ́ta. n. 1 • That which is entered. 2 • Gate, door, entrance, access. See: a-j ́ŋ ‘To enter’.

in-jíó Nom pl: in-jîô. [West] Nom pl: in-jô. n.pl. 1 • Sleep. Áatotirô injô aásɨshɔ. I fell asleep when I worked. (lit: Sleep ached me while I worked.) (W). Étótíró ɛnkɛ́ráí injîô. The child is feeling sleepy. (lit: Sleep has ached the child.) (Pk).

a-j ́p

2 • Drowsiness. v. 1 • To

Kááta njíó I'm sleepy. (S).

wedge sth. In S, this could be used for pulling meat out of one's teeth with a toothpick, propping a door open, closing off tiny holes in the roof, etc. Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aj ́p entólú. The woman is wedging the head of an axe. (Pk). 2 • To criticize a person on one point after another; badger.

Ɛg ́ra ɔltʉ́ŋání aj ́p ɔlɨkâ ̂ alimú intábo naátaasá.

The person is criticizing the other by saying every evil he has done. (Pk). 3 • To make sth. unhealthy or sick. See: ɛn-jɨpɛ́t ‘Wedge’.

n-j ̂p [North] n. [North] Sunbird. ɛn-jɨpɛ́t Nom sg: ɛn-j ́pɛt. Acc pl: ɨn-jɨpɛ́ta. Nom pl: ɨn-j ́pɛta. n. 1 • Wedge (eg. sth. that keeps a door open/shut, an axe head on its handle). 2 • Stake, skewer, spit.

ɔl-jɨpɛ́t

1 • Stick

sharpened on both sides used for roasting meat. 2 • [North] Toothpick. See: a-j ́p ‘To wedge’.

n-jípi [North] diameter.

n. [North]

n-j ́p ́táí [North] flour.

n-jɨr ́ [North] a-jó

String of large beads, about 23 cm. in

n. [North]

Mixture of fried meat and maize

[North] Nom sg: n-j

́rɨ. [North] Acc pl: n-jɨr ̂n. n. [North] Giant rat (female).Nom sg: Cricetomys emini. The male is called lk ́lɛ́ɛŕ . See: l-k ́lɛ́ɛŕ [North] ‘Giant rat (male)’.

say, report. Éjó He will say it. Népuo apá ɨlɛ́wâ áajo, "eé." The men go and say, "yes". Átéjō doí (ncɛ́rɛ) peê elotu tɛnákatá. I have said (that) he must/should come now. (Pk). Éjó áá ɛntɛ́dɛkɛnyá? Sídáí olêŋ! [éjó āā] How is the morning? Very good! (W). Áíjó aá íyīē? What do you say? [polite greeting]? (W). A: Íjó áá? B: Metíī. A: What do you say? B: Nothing. (W). This is a common exchange when seeing s.o. familiar. The response metíī indicates that nothing is wrong. PF, SUBJN: -tiaaka. v.prog. 1 • To

ask. Népuo ɨlmʉ́rrân néjo "Káa taá kiâs?" The warriors went and they asked, "What shall we do?". 3 • To make the sound of [followed by an idiophone]. Ideophones are introduced by the verb ajó. Ejóíto ɛncán "pááâ." The rain 2 • To

is saying "paaa".

think sth. to be the case; hold an opinion, believe. Kájó kélotú. I think (believe) that he will come. (W). For at least S, this cannot mean 'cogitate'. 4 • To

try, attempt sth. Néjō áósh, nérukúnīē aké isírúai. He tried to hit, (but) elands just came out (instead of cows). Nájó adɔ́l... [nájádɔ́l] I tried to see (determine)... (W). Ɛt́ áyóó ajó áár ɨlkʉl ́kā ̄ nɛ́ ́tʉ ɛ́ ́nɛ́pɨ. He went early in the morning and attempted to fight the others but did not find them. 5 • To

intend, plan, seem. Ág ́ra ajó peê ashɛtʉ́ áí. I am planning to build a house for myself. (Pk). 6 • To

want. Ekéjó peê ashukokí ɛnapá páláí. He seems to want to return the letter (to me). (Pk). Náa esíkiria olupí éjó peê ɛ́nyâ. And it wants to feed on the barren donkey. 7 • To

be about to. Óre ɔladúóó kúoo omúéí ɛ́taá kéjó peê aduŋó. The kid (lamb) which was sick is about to die. (Pk). 8 • To

tejo nabo [North] [North] Firstly (lit: say one) (ie. "this is my a-j ́

first point").

be named. Áajî ɔlárínkóí. I am called/I am named Olarinkoi. Nɛ́dʉmʉn ́ ɛnáíshó najî "ɛnk ́rɔ́rɛ́t". They get beer that is called "the talking one".

v.pass. 1 • To

be said, be reported. ejî It is said. Néjî, etoíshē ɛnapá tɔmɔnɔn ́... And (when) it is reported that that woman has given birth... 2 • To

a-jokí v.appl. To say to, tell, ask to. Ejóki... He will say to her... Áájóki "Shɔ́mɔ aké níshukúnye." I am telling you, "Go and come back". (Pk). Néjokiní, "Kéloitíkóíshí íyíéú anáā késirkôn?" He was asked, "Is it zebras you want, or donkies?". See: tiaaka(k) ‘Said (pf)’; ajó ‘Complementizer to

introduce complement clauses; "that"’; a-likí ‘To report, say to’.

a-jó ŋâm

v.prog ideo. To

take off running and cover some distance (lit: to say/do the wilderness). Néjō ɔltását ŋâm. The old man ran away.

en-jólís Nom sg: en-jolís. n. Hedgehog. Kɛ́áta enjolís ɨlkɨkʉ́ tɛ nkórioŋ. The hedgehog has spines on the back. (Pk). a-jɔ́n

See: nakonkóyo; n-titipayó ‘Hedgehog’.

be raw, unripe. Káke ɛjɔ́n ɛlɛ̂ ŋánayîô. This fruit is very raw. (Pk). Ɛtɛy ́ɛ́rá Kákɛnya ɛndáa najɔ́n. Kakenya has cooked food that is unripe. (eg. green bananas) (W). v.s. 1 • To

be uncooked. Ɛjɔ́n. It is not cooked. (eg. beef that is still raw) (W). Kɛ́jɔ́n ɛndáa amʉ̂ ɛ́tɔ̂n méyíára. The food is uncooked because no one has yet cooked it. (Pk). 2 • To

be immature. Usage: slang. Kɛ́jɔ̄n ɛlɛ̂ áyíóní ɛ́tɔ̂n mɛ́mʉ́rátayú. This boy is still immature he cannot be circumcised. (Pk). This may be more relevant to physical issues, than to behavioral. Ant: a-kú, a-okú ‘To ripen’. See: ɛnjɔnán ‘Rawness’. 3 • To

ɛn-jɔnán Nom sg: ɛn-jɔ́nān. n. Rawness, unripeness. Á ́sápʉk ɛnjɔnán ɛ́nâ dáa olêŋ. The unripeness of this food is quite great. (Pk). See: a-jɔ́n ‘To be raw’.

a-jɔɔ́l v. 1 • To overtake, go ahead of s.o., go in front. Ɛg ́ra ɛngárrî ajɔɔ́l ɛnká ́. The vehicle is overtaking the other one. (Pk). Mɛjɔɔ́l mûrt nkúé. The neck never surpasses the head. (S). 2 • [North] To go around the far side of. 3 • [North] To excede. See: a-murút ‘To overtake’; ɛnjɔ́ɔĺ ata ‘Overtaking, turning point’.

ɛn-jɔ́ɔĺ ata

Nom sg: ɛn-jɔɔ́lata. n. 1 • Overtaking.

point. Óre aké peê ɨbá ́kɨ ɛndâ jɔ́ɔĺ ata n ́lɛp. When you reach that turning point, go up. (Pk). See: a-jɔɔ́l ‘To overtake’. 2 • Turning

n-jɔ́ɔtɛ̂ [North]

Small lowland ant species. Smaller than sʉ́rɛɛ́. See: sʉ́rɛɛ́ [North] ‘Red ant’.

en-jóré

n. [North]

Nom sg: en-jóre. Acc pl: in-jorín. Nom pl: in-jórin?. [Purko] Nom

sg: en-joré. [Purko] Nom pl: in-jorín. [North] Acc sg: n-jɔ́rɛ́. [North] Nom sg: n-

jɔrɛ́. [North] Acc pl: n-jorín. n. 1 • Raid (for cattle), war. Ɛt́ áárá apá ɨnjorín. Long ago he killed groups of warriors. Toó jorín apá ɛtʉ́mʉtâ ɨlMaasá ́ ɨlkʉl ́kaɨ. It is in wars that the Maasai killed other sectors. (Pk). 2 • War party, war group; army. An en-jóré includes im-púót 'advance guard' and ol-tîm 'rear guard'. See: ol-wúámpá; im-púki; im-púót ‘Raiding party or parties’; l-kátérr; m-púótó [North] ‘Raiding party’; ol-árabal; ɛn-ára ‘War’; ɔl-ámayio ‘Lion hunt’.

en-jórríjór Nom sg: en-jorrijór. n. Dry, light and persistent cough. Ɛ́ ́tányámálá ɛnkɛráí kɨt ́ enjorriór. The little child has bee troubled by a dry, light and persisten cough. (Pk). See: ɛnk ́rɔkɛt ‘Cough’.

a-joyíó

a-jú

be away, spend the night away. Kátéjíya. I stayed away for the night. (S). Eshɔmɔ́ ŋolé ɛntásât ajoyíó nɛ́ākʉ̄ imetíī áŋ. The woman went to spend the night away so is not at home. (Pk). See: a-ɨrág ‘To sleep’. v. To

be hairy. Kéjū ɛmûrt ɛ́lɛ ŋátúny. The neck of this lion is very hairy. (ie. it has a mane). (Pk). ɔltʉŋáni ojú person who is hairy. Mol (1996:164) notes this is a nickname for a European. 2 • To be overgrown (with vegetation). 3 • [North] To have many children. Usage: Metaphorical. v.s. 1 • To

a-juyí [North] [North] To become hairy. See: en-juan ‘Hairness’.

a-jʉ́á [North] v.mid. [North] To be said. a-jʉjʉmá v. 1 • [North] To push with force. Note: Of animates only 2 • To squat. Ɛg ́ra ɔláyíóní ajʉjʉmá nɛ́mɛ́ ́tábā ̄k ̄ iltulí ɛnkɔ̂p. The boy is squatting and he will not let his buttocks a-jʉ́k

a-júl

reach the ground. (Pk). See: a-iŋadedé; a-ɨgʉtʉmá ‘To squat’.

eat a lot. Ɛg ́ra ɔláyíóní ajʉ́k ɛndáa olêŋ. The boy is eating a lot of food. (Pk). See: a-nyá; a-daá ‘To eat’. 2 • [North] To bluff. See: a-purú ‘To smoke, bluff’; a-ijukujúk; aitukutukó; a-ilalankúsh; a-kúsh; a-imaampút ‘To bluff’. v. 1 • To

v. 1 • To

pour a liquid back and forth (eg. to cool it). 2 • [North] To mix milk and blood.

To change appearance. ajúl emúá To change the color. ajúl múá To change one's appearance (S). 4 • [North] To darken, become sad or angry. 3 • [North]

julóti [North]

[North] Nom sg: júloti. [North] Acc pl: julót. [North] Nom

pl: júlot. [Chamus] Acc pl: júlot. adj. [North]

colour of milk mixed with blood.

n-julóti [North]

Pink; epitomsed by the

Fresh milk mixed with blood, taken as food. This may be ingested by anyone as food. See: ɔsáróí ‘Milk mixed with blood’; m-púpóí [North] ‘Unstirred boiled blood’; n-carlúgi [North] ‘Unstirred blood mixed with milk’; n-tîs [North] ‘Blood mixed with milk and then stirred together’; m-póróí [North] ‘Roasted clotted blood’. 2 • [North] Purplish-pink to light pink color.

en-júlúl

n. 1 • [North]

n. Type

of club which has a rounded head and tapers down to a point at the opposite end; type of ɛ-síárɛ̂. See: ɔl-ɔp ́ [North] ‘Club with pointed end’; ɛ-síárɛ̂ ‘Club’.

a-jʉmaá [North]

v. [North]

e-jumaá [South]

n. [South]

To push sth. with force. jʉjʉmá ‘To push with force’. wíki; sapanabô ‘Week’.

Week.

Borrowed word: Swahili

See: a-

Juma. See: e-

Jumáa n. Friday. Etymology: < Swahili Ijumaa < Arabic. Jumamósi n. Saturday. Etymology: < Swahili Jumamosi. en-jún n. Hairiness. See: a-jú ‘To be hairy’. a-júŋ v. 1 • To inherit sth. Kéjúŋ entitó inkíshú kúmok. The girl will inherit many cattle. Ejúŋ ɔláyíóní inkíshú uní ɛ mɛ́nyɛ. The boy will inherit three cows from his father. (W). Néjúŋ ɔmʉrraní inkíshú ɔ́ lpayíán. i. The warrior will inherit the cows of the man. (W) ii. The warrior and the man will inherit the cows. (W).

inherit from. Néjuŋ ɔltásat, néjuŋ kókó ɛnyɛ́. He inherits from the old man (ie. his grandfather), he inherits from his grandmother. Ɛg ́ra ɔláyíóní ɔ́t ̂ ajúŋ olbótór otúá. The junior boy is inheriting from the senior boy who is dead. (Pk). 2 • To

a-juŋishó v.apass. To inherit. Ɛshɔmɔ́ ɛnáyíóní enetíí mɛnyɛ́ amanyɨshɔ́ peê ejuŋishó. The boy has gone to live where his father lives so that he can inherit. (W).

a-itujʉ́ŋ v.cause. To bequeath. Áaitujúŋie pápā áí inkíshú ɛnyɛ́nak. My father will make me inherit his cows/bequeath to me his cows. (W).

en-júŋisho

n. Inheriting.

Óre enjúŋisho náa entóki sídáí.

Inheriting is sth. good.

en-juŋóre

[North] Acc sg: n-júŋóré. [North] Nom sg: n-juŋoré. n.

Inheritance. Nédūŋō táʉ ɛɛwá ɔlɛ́ ntínkí enjuŋóre. He dies when the son of the non-favorite has taken the inheritance. (KS). See: a-júŋ ‘To inherit’.

en-júŋótó n. The act of inheriting. n-júó [North] n. [North] Sleep. a-júr v. To investigate, research, scrutinize, detect. Ɛg ́ra olkítok ajúr ɨmbáa naátiakak ́. The leader is scrutinizing the issues he was told. (Pk).

a-jurishó To do investigations, research. a-jurú v.dir. 1 • To explore, investigate, study, research; examine one's self. 2 • To recognize. See: a-yiolóú ‘To realize, recognize’.

a-júrr v. [North] To get tired of, lose interest in. a-jurrishó v.apass. To be fickle. ɔltʉŋáni ojúrrīshō a person a-jút

who is fickle. See: l-kɨtaríno [North] ‘Fickle love’.

rub sth. off, wipe off, clean off. Éjút. He will wipe it. Note: Washing someone's feet is not a Maasai cultural activity. Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât ajút ɨnamʉ́ka naáata entérít. The woman is wiping shoes that have dust. (Pk). Ɛg ́ra entitó ajút entúrótó naelíéki. The girl is rubbing off the chalk painted on her. (Pk). Note: In S, there must be a removal some sth. Rubbing a sore wrist is not OK. -kar (from mk) See: a-ój; a-s ́k ‘To rub’. [South]: a-jít. v. v. To

erase. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkáyíóní ajút ɛmpáláí ɛnyɛ́ tɛ jútet. The boy is erasing his letter with an eraser. (Pk). 2 • v. To

sack or fire s.o. from a job. Ɛg ́ra olkítok ajút ɨltʉ́ŋńá lɛ́mɛ́ɛś esíái. The officer (boss) is sacking people who are working. (Pk). The meaning is related to erasing writings in a book. 3 • v. To

en-jutét Nom sg: en-jútet. Acc pl: in-jutéta. Nom pl: in-júteta. n. Eraser. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkáyíóní ajút ɛmpáláí ɛnyɛ́ tɛ jútet. The boy is erasing his letter with an eraser. (Pk). See: a-jút ‘To rub, erase’.

en-jútóre

Nom sg: en-jutoré. n. Erasing. See: a-jút ‘To

rub, erase’.

K-k k Letter representing the Maa non-implosive velar stop /k/.

Between vowels this sound tends to be lightly voiced [g], and elsewhere is voiceless [k].

k[H]-

con. 1 • Occurs

on the verb in certain subordinate clause types, including those introduced by amʉ̂ 'because', páa/pēê 'so (that)'. In this use, k- occurs at the beginning of the verb, preceding bound pronominal prefixes. Kɛ́bebɛ́k kʉná lɛ? Is this milk diluted? (W). Kɛ́nkají oó ntóyīē ́rrāg anáā kɛ́nɔɔ́nkúrūōn? Is it the house of the girls you want to sleep in, or the ashes house?". Kɛ́saa ajá íló sukúul? What time will you go to school? (K)áî iyíé ɔ́shɔmɔ́ ɔlkɛjʉ́ádɔ́? [(K)áy ìyyé] Is it you that has gone to Kajiado? (W). Káji etíī ɨntárɛ ínonó? Where are your sheep/goats? (Pk). Óre taá enikinkô amʉ̂ kɛ́ār doí iyíóók ɛlɛ̂ tʉ́ŋání... Now what we are going to do, because this man is going to kill us... Tʉ́mʉra shʉ́mátá ɛnkáji amʉ̂ ɛ́táá kɛ́sha. Plaster the ́ roof of the house because it is about to rain. (Pk). Ɨnuáá ɔltáa amʉ̂ kímísímís doí áji. Light the lamp because it is dark here in the house. (Pk). Népōnū ɛnâ dúóó áŋ áaɨrrag páa kɛ́ɛn ́ mɛtábaɨk ́ inkíshú ɨnkɛjɛ́k. They come to that home to sleep and tomorrow the cow's legs are tied. of narrative assertion. Kátūm ráshé. I will find a piece of cowhide. (SN). Kátúmo ráshé ŋolé. I found/got a piece of cowhide yesterday. (Maybe I still have it, maybe I don't). (SN). 2 • Marker

k-

gen. Epenthetic

element which occurs at the beginning of some noun stems derived from verbs. With some noun stems is has been reanalyzed as part of the feminine gender prefix ɛn(k)-

(where a noun stem synchronically begins can be tested by putting a Demonstrative before the noun). See: ɛn- ‘Singular feminine gender prefix’.

-k num.suf. Plural number suffix. káa Acc pl: ákúā, kákua. pn. Variant of feminine question pronoun áa, Which? What? Káa áɨ? What else now? Well now! Káa taá kiâs? What shall we do? Káa nabô? Which one? Káa taá? What else? which one, exactly? álɔ̂ ‘Which? (masc)’.

n-kaa nkúé [North]

n. [North]

shakes its head up and down.

See: áa ‘Which?

(fem.)’;

Very small lizard species, which

kaán [West] [West] Self; reflexive. Áínyáŋāk ̄ kaán ɨlnyɛ́nya. I buy myself tomatoes. (W). See: kɛwɔ́n; kɛwán; kɔɔ́n ‘Self’. Etymology:

Related to Proto-Lotuko-Maa 'body', which Vossen reconstructs as *-kuan- (Vossen 1982:336)..

́l-kábáî n.pl. Levels. Amʉ̂ kɛ́áta táatá ́lkábáî ánaa iloshî ashɔ́ ... Because now they have levels like those calves ... n-kábártak [North] n.pl. [North] The Pleiades. See: ɔl-ák ́rá ‘Star’. ɛn-kábat Nom sg: en-kábât. Acc pl: ɨn-kábatí. Nom pl: ɨn-kábatí. n. Cupboard. Ɛshɔmɔ́ oladúó áyíóní kɛrɛrɛ arrarrú imbúkuí tɛ kábât. That slovenly boy has gone to knock all the books out of the cupboards. (W). kʉndá kábatí those cupboards (W). Borrowed word: English 'cupboard'.

ol-kábat Big cupboard. ɛ́n-káb ́lâ Nom sg: ɛ́n-káb ́lâ. Acc pl: ɨn-kabɨlaritín. Nom pl: ɨn-

kábɨlaritín. [West] Acc pl: ɨn-kabɨlaitín. [West] Nom pl: ɨn-kábɨlaitín. n. 1 • Tribe. Óre ɛ́nkábílâ ɛnyɛ́ náa olkókóyóí. His tribe is Kikuyu. (Pk). ɛndá kabɨla that tribe (W). 2 • Type.

Népōnū inkúlīē pɔ́ɔk ̄ ̄ ɨnkábɨlaritín pɔ́ɔk ̄ ̄.

Others (animals) came of all types. 3 • Behavior.

Ɛ́ ́tɔrrɔ́nɔ̂ ɛ́nkáb ́lâ ɛ́ ɛldɛ̂ tʉŋáni. The

behavior of that man is bad. Borrowed word: Swahili kabíla 'tribe'.

ol-kábílâ Big tribe (exagerating). See: ol-oshô ‘Section, tribe’; olkúak ‘Behavior’.

l-kádɛ́d [North]

The 13th day of the lunar month; the day before the full moon. See: ɔlɔnyɔ́r ̄ ‘Day before the full moon’.

l-kad ̂c [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-kadɛ́d. n. [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-kád

̂c. [North] Acc pl: l-kadɨcî. [North] Nom pl: l-kádɨcî. n. [North] Raft; four poles lashed together for floating.

ɨn-kaintítiró n.pl. Type of bees. ɛn-kainyínyirôî Acc pl: in-kainyínyiró. Nom pl: in-káínyínyiró. [West] Nom pl: in-káínyínyirôî. n. 1 • Type

of bees. 2 • Tiny black insect, flies in groups, gets into eyes and makes one cry, typically fly in the evening when the sun is setting during a dry day. kʉndá kainyínyiró those insects (sp). Usage: Typically plural. Does not occur in the masculine form as it is "a very small insect".. See: ɨn-kaintítiró ‘Type of Bees’.

n-kairéeréi [North] bird’.

n. [North]

Bird sp.

See: ɛ-sarampálā ‘Type

ɔl-káíríshí

Nom sg: ɔl-kairishí. Acc pl: ɨl-kaɨr

ɔl-káísíódí

Nom sg: ɔl-kaisiodí. Acc pl: ɨl-kaisíód. Nom pl: ɨl-káísiod.

of

́sh. Nom pl: ɨl-kaɨr ́sh. n. 1 • Young man who has just graduated from warriorhood in the eúnótó ceremony, to become a junior elder; his head has been shaved and he has ceremonially drunk milk. Ɛákʉ́ ɔlmʉrraní pɔ́ɔk ̄ ̄ ɔlkáíríshí te nébārn ̄. Every warrior becomes a junior elder when he gets his hair cut. (Pk). 2 • [North] Young warrior who marries before intended time. [Purko] Acc pl: ɨl-káísíód. [Purko] Nom pl: ɨl-kaisíód. n. A

Maasai man who feared circumcision and moved a part of his body, or flinched, as he was being circumcised. Óre ɔlkásíódí pɔɔk ́ náa kétúríá ɛmʉ́rátá. Every person who fears circumcision becomes ɔlkásíódí. (Pk).

l-kaɨt ́m [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ká

́tɨm. [North] Acc pl: l-kaɨtɨmîn. [North] Nom pl: l-ká ́tɨmîn. n. [North] Hand tool consisting of a club used for beating sisal into strings for making mats. See: ɛndʉpâî ‘Sisal’; e-súutî ‘Sisal prepared for roofing’.

n-káítōlē [North] n. [North]

[North] Acc pl: n-kaitólīā. [North] Nom pl: n-káítoliá.

Crane; type of bird.

l-kaitúí [North] n. [North] Big suckling calf. n-kaiwúál [North] n. [North] Chain ornament warriors and girls kájā

put on lower parts of their legs.

many? Kájā ɨnkɛ́râ n ́áta? How many children do you have? (Pk). inter. 1 • How

2 • How?

káji

Kájā ínkó ɨmbáa naííjō nɛ́nâ tɛ n ́as? How do

you do such a thing? (Pk). See: ajá ‘How many? how?’.

How? Káji ílóíto? Where are you going? (W). See: ájî ‘Where, what’. inter. Where?

Kajíado

Nom sg: Kájiádo. n.prop. Kajiado

town was the Headquarters of the Magadi Soda Company from 1917-1922, and the headquarters for Kajiado District since 1926. Local Maasai often refer to it as Ol-opurpurana or Enk-ang napurpurana (Mol 1996:169).Anglicised form of the Maasai name ɔl-kɛjʉ́ ɔ-adɔ 'river which-is-long' (lit: big leg which is long), which is the name of a district in Kenya and name of the town which is currently the District Headquarters (lit: the big leg which is long/tall). Kálō Kajíado táatá adɔ́l oldísí. I am going to Kajiado today to see the District Commisioner. (Pk).

l-kájít [Chamus] n. [Chamus] Type of bitter plant. a-kakány v. To smash, break into small pieces. Kɛ́nyɔ́r oldîâ atakakánya ilóik tɔɔ́ lalá. The dog likes smashing bones káke

with the teeth.

See: a-ikarurúm ‘To

crunch’.

kákê. conj. 1 • But. Kélō káke kátɔ̄n nanʉ́. He will go but I will stay. (Pk). Áatanyúá káke éítú abáʉ́. [North] Acc sg: káke,

He waited for me, but I never arrived. (W).

of getting the listener's attention. Káke, ámaâ kálōtū tááisére? Well, can I come tomorrow? (Pk). Káke ɛjɔ́n ɛlɛ̂ ŋánayîô. This fruit is very raw. (Pk). 2 • Means

kakíshia [North]

n. [North]

Type of song for praising warriors who have succeeded in cattle raids and killing lions.

kákua inter. What? which? See: ákúa ‘What? which? (plural)’. kakúyia [North] Acc sg: n-kakúyia. voc. Term of address for grandchild. See: ɔl-akúí ‘Ancestor’; ɔl-akúyia ‘Grandfather’.

kakúyiaâ

Vocative: kákuyia. n. Grandfather. See: ɔl-

akúyiaâ ‘Grandfather’.

ɛn-kákuyiaâ Granddaughter. ɛndâ kákuyiaâ that granddaughter (W).

kálámás

Nom sg: kalamás. Acc pl: kalamasí. Nom pl: kálamasí. adj.

active. Káke kálámás ɛnâ áyíóní. That boy is very active! (Pk). 2 • Clever, cunning. See: a-ŋɛ́n ‘To be clever’; árriyíá ‘Skillful’. 1 • Busy,

ɛn-kalbúálɨ

Nom sg: ɛn-kálbualɨ. n. Thick,

clotted blood; blod clot. This does not refer to clotted blood that might be eaten, nor to clotted blood still in the body. Tɔrrɔ́nɔ́ ɛná kálbualɨ olêŋ. This blood clot is very bad, (W). Kóre eŋá kalbúálɨ néíŋúaa endúŋótó ɛ́ nk ́tɛ́ŋ. [ɛ́ŋkɪ ̀tɛŋ] This blood clot is from the cow's injury. (W).

ol-kalbúálɨ Huge big blood clot. a-káld v.prog. To becon. Usage: A-káld cannot be done with the eyes, while a-rɔ́j can be done by the eyes. Neither can be done by waving.. See: a-rɔ́j ‘To signal secretly’.

a-kaldʉ́ a-kaldaá

2 • To

v.dir. To

becon toward the point of reference.

v.dir. 1 • To

betray.

becon away; flick away (eg. with the finger).

a-kaldaríé v.dir v.appl. To betray with. káldɛs [Purko] Nom sg: káldês. Nom sg: káldɛ̂s. [Purko] Acc pl: kaldesîn. [Purko] Nom pl: kádesîn. adj. Usage: animals. An

uncommon and warm

color of brown. Tápala ́nâ áshê káldes tɛ́rɛʉ́ emúgíé. Leave that warm-brown heifer, bring the dark-brown one. Etíī ɔyɛ́kɛ̂ny káldês ɛ́mʉ́kʉ́ntâ. A brown monkey is in the garden.

ol-káldes n. An animal of káldes color. ɛn-kaldɛ́t n. Finger. See: ol-kimojíno ‘Finger’. l-kalɛ́ [North] [North] Nom sg: l-kálɛ. n. 1 • [North] Shaving of the

head of a newly-married person, to start the new stage. 2 • [North] Goatskin from a slaughtered goat worn by the mother of an initiate the day he is circumcised. See: a-bárn ‘To shave’.

l-kálkálo [North]

Nom sg: l-kalkaló. n.pl. [North]

Fried meat pieces that still contain fat, before they become n-káwa. See: n-káwa [North] ‘Defatted meat’; rɔ́nkɛ́na ‘Defatted meat’.

l-kálkáloi [North] kálɔ

[North] Nom sg: l-kálkáloí. n. [North]

has an edible fruit. inter. Which,

(masculine)’.

Grewia.

what (masculine).

n-kálup [North]

Plant which

See: álɔ ‘Which,

what

[North] Acc pl: n-kalupuní. Variant: n-kalupí. num.

[North] One thousand.

n-kalupuní árɛ ~ nkalupí árɛ [North] [North] Two thousand.

kamánaŋ

Nom pl: kámanaŋ. n.f n.pl. 1 • Skimmed

milk whose cream is

removed. 2 • [North] Buttermilk. See: kʉlɛ́ ‘Milk’; ɛn-kɨsʉsháti ‘Skimmed milk’; ɨn-cɨlɨgát ‘Spoiled milk’; in-keréú ‘Contemptous word for milk’; ɨn-kɨpɔshát ‘Skimmed milk’.

kamishina

n. [South]

Medallion-style necklace.

ɔl-Kámpáí [West]

[̌ɔl̀ kámpáy] Nom sg: ɔl-Kampáí. Acc pl: ɨl-Kámpa. Nom

pl: ɨl-Kámpâ. n. [West]

Kamba tribes-person. áíkámpáí ‘Kamba tribes-person’.

ɛn-kámpi

See: ol-

Nom sg: ɛn-kámpî. Acc pl: ɨn-kámpií. Variant: ɨn-kámpīn. Nom

pl: ɨn-kámpií. Variant: ɨn-kampín. [Purko] Acc pl: ɨn-kámpi. [Purko] Nom

Ɛshɔmɔ́ isíkariní ɛnkámpi ɛnyɛ̂. The police have gone to their camp. (Pk). Sidaín kʉndá kámpií/kampín. These camps are good. (W). Borrowed word: pl: ɨn-kampí. n. Camp.

Swahili

kampi, from English camp.

ɔl-kámpi Big camp. ol-káncáóí Variant: ol-káncáwí. Nom sg: ɔl-kancaóí. Acc pl: ɨl-kancaoní. Nom pl: ɨl-káncaoní. n. Elephant. Kɛ́áta ɔlkancaóí ɨlálá sapúki nɛ́ ́bɔrr. An elephant has big white tusks. (Pk). ɔlaláɨ lɔ́ lkáncáóí elephant tusk. See: ɔl-tɔ́mɛ́ ‘Elephant’; ɔlɛ́nkā ̄nā ‘Elephant’; ɔl-cáŋītō sápʉk ‘Wild animal, Elephant’.

l-káncár [North] n. [North] Small sword. See: ɔl-álɛ́m ‘Sword’. ɔl-káncúɛ́l Nom sg: ɔl-kancúɛ́l. Acc pl: ɨl-káncúɛ́l. Nom pl: ɨl-kancúɛ́l. n. Small sword. Sidaín kʉlɔ́ kancuɛ́l. These small swords are good. (W). Borrowed word: Kalenjin.

(en)-kanísa

Nom sg: (en)-kánisa. Acc pl: in-kanisaní. Nom pl: in-

́ kánisaní. n. 1 • Church. Ɨncɔɔ́ kɨ ɛndâ Biblía Sinyáti maáwa kanísa. Give me that Holy Bible so that I can take it to the church. (Pk). of worship. kánísá oó isilámu Muslim mosque (W). Borrowed word: Swahili kanisa 'church', from Arabic kaniisa. See: ɛncʉ́la ‘Fellowship’. 2 • Place

ol-kánísáí

Nom sg: ol-kanisáí. Acc pl: il-kanisaní. Nom pl: il-kánisaní. n.

1 • Church-goer,

one who attends church or a place of worship regularly. ɛldɛ́ kánísáí [ɛ̀ldɛ́ kànìsàì] that church-goer (W). 2 • Believer in a particular religion. Etymology: From Swahili kanisa 'church' + -i 'SG'; from Arabic kaniisa.

ɔl-kánká

Nom sg: ɔl-kanká. Acc pl: ɨl-kánkân. Nom pl: ɨl-kankán. [Purko]

Nom pl: ɨl-kankân. n. 1 • Grevy

ɔlkánká ɔs ́ra ánaa ɔlóítíkó. I have seen

zebra.

Equus grevyi. Átɔ́duaa

the type of zebra that has almost exactly the same back and white stripes like the olóítíkó zebra. (Pk). See: ol-óítíkó ‘Zebra’; lɔ́ ́bɔ́rr kʉ́rʉm [North] ‘Grevy zebra’. 2 • Monster, described as a large, black, fierce and hairy animal. 3 • Augur buzzard. buteo augur.

en-kánká Female Grevy zebra.

ɨl-Kankére

́l-Kánkéré. n.pl. Name of a Maasai section, also known as ɨl-Dalálɛkʉtʉk. See: ol-oshô ‘Section’. Nom pl:

ol-kánkéréí

Nom sg: ol-kankeréí. Acc pl: ɨl-Kankére. Nom pl:

n.prop. Member

ɛn-káno

of the ɨl-Kankére section.

́l-Kánkéré.

Nom sg: ɛn-kánô. Acc pl: in-kánoí. Nom pl: in-kánoí. [West] Acc

(plant or ground flour). Eéwuo dúó emáshini akesú enkáno. The machine has come to harvest the wheat. (W). Sídáí ɛná kánô. This wheat is good. (W). Sidaín kʉná kánoí. These (bundles, bags, groups of) wheat are good. (W). Borrowed word: Swahili n-gano 'wheat'. sg: en-kánô. n. Wheat

ɛn-kantarʉ́ra

Nom sg: ɛn-kántarʉra.. Acc pl: ɨn-kantarʉraní. Nom pl: ɨn-

kántarʉraní. n. Plastic bag. Sídáí ɛná kántarʉra olêŋ. This plastic bag is very good. (W). See: ɛn-kardarʉ́ra ‘Plastic bag’.

l-kant ́rr [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-kántɨrr. [North] Acc pl: l-kantɨrrí.

[North] Nom pl: l-kántɨrrí. n. 1 • [North]

Calabash used for milking. 2 • [North] Type of calabash carved from wood. See: enkotí ‘Little calabash’; en-kúkúrí ‘Gourd’; n-conkórr [North] ‘Type of calabash made of sisal fibre’; n-kódóós [North] ‘Type of calabash used to store butter’.

kaŋû [North]

n. [North]

Tree used for fence building, housebuilding, fuel; considered similar or identical to rankaúú. Acacia hockii. Syn: rankaúú ‘Acacia tree sp.’.

kápátéí [North]

adj. [North]

color of the sky.

Blue, all shades from dark blue to

ɛn-kapianá

Nom sg: ɛn-kápianá. Acc pl: ɨn-kapíán. Nom pl: ɨn-kapíán. n.

en-kápíáná

n.sg. Meanness.

Milk fat found in cooled fresh milk. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí k ́tɨ aɛlarɛ́ ɛnkapianá. The little child is smearing herself with milk fat found in cooled fresh milk. (Pk). See: ɔl-arámpâî ‘Cream’; ɛ-ŋɔrnɔ̂ ‘Ghee’. See: a-píák ‘To

en-kápíánisho

be mean’.

ɛndâ kápíáná that meanness (W).

n.sg. Meanness.

(W). See: a-píák ‘To be mean’.

ɛn-kápóí

ɛndâ kápíánisho that meanness

Nom sg: ɛn-kapóí. Acc pl: ɨn-kápo. Nom pl: ɨn-kápô. n. 1 • Empty

honey-comb; beeswax. Ɛmɛlók ɛndá kapóí. That honeycomb is sweet. 2 • Empty shell, empty frame of a vehicle.

ɛn-kápʉ́nɛ́

Nom sg: ɛn-

kapʉnɛ́. Acc pl: inkapúniaa. Nom pl: inkápuniaá. n. Cave.

Ɛt́ ́j ́ŋá ɔlŋɔ́jɨnɛ ɛndá kápʉ́nɛ́ to ldoinyíó. The hyena

entered that cave in the mountain. Óre

oshî ɛnkápʉnɛ́ náa ɛ́nɛ̂ sóít. A cave is normally made from a stone. (Pk). See: eúlulû ‘Cave’.

l-kapúru [North]

[North]

Nom sg: l-kpapuru. [North] Acc pl: l-kapuruní. [North] Nom pl: l-kápuruní. n.

[North] Large metal mug with a lid.

il-Kápútíêî

of a Maasai section. 2 • Name of plains east of the Ngong hills that cover much of the area north and north-east of Kajiado Town, Kajiado District, Kenya. See: ol-oshô ‘Section’.

ɔl-kâr

Nom sg: il-Kaputieí. n.pl. 1 • Name

Nom sg: ɔl-kâr. Acc pl:

́l-kárrî. Nom pl: ́l-kárrî. [Purko] Acc pl: ́l-kárî. [Purko] Nom pl: ́l-kárî. n. 1 • Chest. Kétií ɨlpap ́t ɔlkâr lɛ́ldɛ payíán. There is hair on the chest of that man. (Pk). ɔlkâr lɛ́ nkérr chest of a ram (Pk). Káayá ɔlkâr. The chest is paining me. (Pk). See: ol-goó ‘Chest’. 2 • The choice fatty upper part of the chest of an edible animal. Generally, very important people in society can eat ɔlkâr. Thus, it is of note that it is often given to children. 3 • Affluence, wealth, riches, valuables; ablity to solve most of one's needs because of having resources. Kɛ́áta ɔlkâr olêŋ. She is very wealthy/has a lot of wealth. (Pk). Kɛ́átā ɔlkâr olêŋ mɛáta entók1ī nɛ́mɛ́ ́dɨm ataása. He is affluent, he can do all things. (Pk). See: ɛn-kársísisho ‘Wealth, wealthiness’; ɛsíkar ‘Luxury, affluence’.

en-karadá [South]

[North] Acc sg: n-karadá. n. [North]

Temporary shelter; sth. to protect one from rain, etc.; cap; [South]

Temporary shelter; sth. to protect one from rain, etc.; cap, hat. See: ɛn-karandá ‘Cap, shelter’; en-kopíya; sióga ‘Hat’.

ɛn-karandá

Nom sg: ɛn-kárandá. Acc pl: ɨn-karandân. Nom pl: ɨn-

kárandân. Variant: ɛn-karandâ. n. Temporary shelter for (especially warrior's) hair; cap. Óre ɔlmʉ́rránî pɔɔk ́ náa kɛ́ātā ɛnkarandá. Every warrior has a hair shelter. (Pk). This may be made from the inside part of a cow hide, or modernly from plastic sheeting like "Reynolds wrap" or similar waterproof material. It not only protects the hair, but also protects clothing and bed clothes from the hair. See: en-kopíya ‘Hat’.

karantíni Variant: karatíni. n. Quarantine; seclusion. Ɛt́ ápúkákɨ inkíshú ɛnkɔ̂p pɔɔk ́ naamûêî karantíni. All the cows

in the land that are sick have been put into quarantine. (Pk). In W, karantíni is found in a song referring to the seclusion of young women immediately after their initiation. Borrowed word: English 'quarantine'.

n-kárao [North] etc.).

ɛn-káráó

n. Small

dipper (W).

ɔl-káráshá

n. [North]

Wooden trough (for saltlick, water,

water dipper. ɛndá káráó that small water

[ɔ̀lká ! rásh ǃ á] Nom sg: ɔl-karashá. Acc pl: ɨl-kárash. Nom pl: ɨl-

kárâsh. n. 1 • Sheet worn as outer garment. For singing, a man ties a long ɔlkáráshá around his chest. For war, he wears a shorter one. In S, this is a rather specific term for clothes, referring to sheets worn as clothing. Etoíto ɨlkárâsh. The clothes dried. (W). Syn: shúka ‘Sheet worn as clothing’. piece of cloth. Etoyíó ɛldɛ́ karashá. That cloth is dry. (W). See: ɛn-kɨlâ; ɛn-ánká ‘Clothing’. 2 • Large

kárat Nom sg: kárât. Acc pl: in-káratí. Nom pl: in-káratí. n. Carrot. Óre oshî kárat naó náa kɛ́dɔ. A ripe carrot has the red colour. (Pk). Etymology:

karbóbō

< English 'carrot'.

Nom sg: kárbobó. Acc pl: nɔɔ́

karbóbō. Nom pl: nɔ́ɔ karbóbō. n.

Squirrel. Tɔrrɔ́nɔ́ ɛndá kárbobó. That squirrel is bad. (W). Tɔrrɔ́k kʉndá nɔ́ɔ karbóbō. Those squirrels are bad. (W).

ɛn-karbúáli 2 • hard

a-kárd

Acc pl: ɨn-karbualin. n. 1 • Clot,

substance.

coagulation.

v. To

scratch lines with a pointed or sharp instrument; scratch, inscribe, claw. Ɛg ́ra emótonyî akárd ɔlcaní. A bird is scratching the tree. (Pk). Áatakardá lcumáí. The nail scratched me. (SN). Ɛtákárdá lcumáí nɨnyɛ́. The nail scratched him. (SN). Kɛ́kárda. He/she is scratched (one or two scratches). (SN). Kɛ́kardɨkárda. He is all scratched up (lots of scratches). (SN). Note: sl does not want to write the epenthetic ɨ See: a-kɔ́rd ‘To scratch’.

ɛn-kardarʉ́ra n. Plastic bag. See: ɛn-kantarʉ́ra ‘Plastic bag’. ɛn-kardási Nom sg: ɛn-kárdasi. Acc pl: ɨn-kardasiní. Nom pl: ɨnkárdasiní. n. 1 • Paper, piece of paper. Ɨncɔɔ́kɨ ɛnkardási náígérie kʉlɔ̂ róreí. Give me a paper to write these words.

(Pk). 2 • Paper money. Borrowed word: Swahili kartasi 'piece of paper'. See: empálāī ‘Written paper’.

l-kardáti [North]

lkardɛ́ta. [North] Nom pl: l-kárdɛta. n. [North] Claw, of lion, leopard, etc. See: a-kárd ‘To scratch’.

ɛn-karɛ́wa

beads.

ɔl-káríá

n. Small

[North] Nom sg: l-kárdati. [North] Acc pl: l-kardát,

decorative ornament for the lower ear, made of

Nom sg: ɔl-karíá. Acc pl: ɨl-káríân. Nom pl: ɨl-karíân. n. Ochre;

ochre. This is mixed with fat and put in the hair of warriors for coloring, smearned on the oranments of those involved in ceremonies, or applied to the whole body. Éyélíé ɔlmʉrraní ɔltaiká lɛnyɛ́ ɔlkáríá. The warrior has smeared his hair with the red ochre. (Pk). See: e-réko ‘Red ochre’.

l-karipô [North]

n. [North]

Lizzard.

red

n-karipô [North] [North] Small lizzard. l-kárjáj [North] [North] Nom sg: l-karjáj. [North] Acc pl: l-kárjájí. [North] Nom pl: l-karjají. n. [North]

Wasteland, desert. L-kárjáj is not as severe as l-kɛɛ́s. See: l-kɛɛ́s [North] ‘Arid land’.

ɔl-kárkar1

Nom sg: ɔl-kárkâr. Acc pl: ɨl-kárkarí. Nom pl: ɨl-kárkarí. [North]

Acc sg: l-kárkarr. [North] Nom sg: l-kárkarr. [North] Acc pl: l-karkarrí.

place, gravelly area. Ɛt́ ɛ́rá ɛnkayíóni isóito lɔ́ lkárkar. The boy has been hurt by the stones of the stony place. (Pk). [North] Nom pl: l-kárrkarrí. n. Stony

ɔl-karkar2

n.prop. Simba;

name of a place and a railway station situated along the Nairobi-Mombasa Railway between ɛmali and Makinda, Kajiado District, Kenya (lit: stony place).

l-kármásia [North] n. [North] A Somali breed of cattle. kársîs Nom sg: kársîs. Acc pl: kársísî. Nom pl: kársísî. adj. Rich. Óre ɔltʉŋáni kársîs náa kɛ́áta inkíshú kúmok ɔ́ ntaré. A rich man has many goats, cows, sheep and goats. (Pk). See: lpárakuní [North] ‘Rich’; e-síkar ‘Luxury’.

a-karsisú v.incep. To become rich. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian akarsisú amʉ̂ ɛ́tʉ́bʉ́lâ intókitin ɛ́nyɛná pɔ́ɔkɨ. The man is getting rich because this things (plants, animals) are increasing. (Pk).

ɛn-kársísisho

Nom sg: ɛn-karsísisho. n. Wealth,

wealthiness,

affluence. Áísídáí karsísisho tɛ nétum ɔltʉ́ŋání supát. Wealth is very good if possessed by a good-hearted (generous) person. (Pk). See: párákúóísho [North]. . See: kársîs ‘Rich’; esíkar ‘Luxury’.

l-karripô [North] n. [North] Lizard. n-karripô [North] [North] Small lizard. See: ol-mokúa; ɛm-pɨrr; ol-oirrírri; l-mɛlɛlɛ ‘Lizard’; narrarrayíok ‘Chameleon’.

karróote [North] saddle’.

n. [North]

Pack-saddle.

See: sainiâî ‘Pack-

a-kás

v. 1 • To

construct firmly. 2 • To keep safe, safeguard.

n-kasɛ́lɛnkɛ [North] n. [North] Hyena. See: ɔl-ŋɔj ́nɛ ‘Hyena’. ɔl-kási Variant: ɔl-kasí. Nom sg: ɔl-kásî. Acc pl: ɨl-kásīn. Nom pl: ɨl-kasín. n. ́ Work, deed, job. Ɨntayú ɔlkási léúnōtō. Do the work of the warrior-installation ceremony. ɛldɛ́ kási that work (W). Óre ɛnkɨkɛná ɔɔ́ ltʉ́ŋánák náa ɔlkási lɔ́lɛ̄ Kótikash. The counting of people (=census-taking) is Kotikash's job. (W). Borrowed word: Swahili kazi 'work'. See: en-kiás ‘Work, deed’.

in-kásiasîn n.pl. Works, deeds. See: en-kiás ‘Work’. n-kásîŋ [North] n. [North] Gecko. n-kasɨr ́ [North] Nom sg: n-kásɨr .́ n.sg. 1 • [North] Game in which two people run round a circle, one ahead of the other, each running very fast away from each other. 2 • [North] Maze. See: kúrrante ‘Type of game’.

n-kas ́rɨm [North] Nom sg: n-kásɨr ́m. n. [North] Maize stalk. n-kasotóki [North] n. [North] Bark. See: ɛnk-abobóki ‘Bark’. L-kasʉrʉ́tia [North] [North] Nom pl: L-kásʉrʉtíá. n.prop n.pl. [North] Age set name. Perhaps the oldest remembered age-set, which predates L-meicópo.

n-kashálani [North] a-kát kát

person’.

n. [North]

Lazy.

See: ɔl-tásháláí ‘Lazy

flirt. Ekát ́ta Kónené entítō peê enyorrú. Konene is flirting with the girl so she will love him. (W). Usually men do this to girls or women. See: a-t ́l ‘To win admiration of’. v.prog. To

period. Etóóshó ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ kát nabɔ̂. She hit the cow one time. (W).

adv. 1 • Instance;

of repetitions. kát tɔ́mɔ̂n ten times (W). ipkát tɔ́mɔ̂n thousand (lit: hundred times ten) (K, -W). See: kátá ‘Time’. 2 • Number

ɛn-kátá

Nom sg: ɛn-katá. Acc pl: ɨn-katitín. Nom pl: ɨn-kátitin. Variant: ɨn-

katítin. [West] Acc pl: ɨn-katítin. [North] Acc pl: n-katitín, n-kát. [North] Nom pl: nk-átitín, nk-ât. n. 1 • n. Occasion; specific temporal point. Ɛnkátá naáíjo Ɛnâ naájí ɛ ́dɨm áaetu. Perhaps a time like this is good for their coming. (Pk). See: ŋámátá [North] ‘Time of an event’. point. Káa kátá dúóó íyéwuo? What time did you come? (Pk). 2 • n. Temporal

of time. Enkátá nagúa oshî ɛ́yá ɛnk ́tɛŋ peê eishó? What is the gestation period of a cow? (Pk). See: ɛr ́shátá ‘Interval, time’. 3 • n. Period

Óre oshî ɛnkátá naáíjō ɛnâ náshâ néunishôî. In a season like this of rain, planting is done. (Pk). Óre tɛ́ ́nā katá nɛ́n ̄ŋ peyíē ɛdar nɛ́ ́kurrúkūrr At that 4 • n. Season.

time, he heard a loud noise and thunder. adv.

5 • adv. Quantified

instance(s) of performing an action. In this function, a gender prefix or demonstrative does not occur. katitín aré uní doí aashʉ̂ óŋuan two, three, and even four times. Etóóshó ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ nabô kátá. / kátá nabô. She hit the cow one time. (W). Etóóshó kátá nabô ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. She hit the cow one time. (W). Kátá nabô etóshó ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. It's only one time she hit the cow. (W). See: kát ‘Instance, repetition’.

kátá [North] conj. [North] Or, perhaps. See: áta ‘Even’. ɔl-katáarr Nom sg: ɔl-kátaarr. Acc pl: ɨl-kataarrí. Nom pl: ɨl-kátaarrí. [North] Acc sg: l-katáar,

l-kantáarr. [North] Nom sg: l-kátaarr, lkántaarr. [North] Acc pl: l-kataarrí, l-kantaarrí. [North] Nom pl: lkátaarrí, l-kántaarrí. n. 1 • Bracelet (general). Ɛg ́ra náají entitó arɨpak ́ ɔrmʉ́rráni ɔrkatáarr. The unmarried girl was making a bracelet for a warrior. (Pk). See: ɛ́nk ́r ́nâ ‘Bracelet’.

2 • Bracelet

or beaded armband, typically worn on the upper arm by women. ɛldɛ̂ katáarr that bracelet (W). 3 • Bracelet

worn by a dead man's sons. Mol (1996: 172) indicates that this is made of metal. 4 • Big necklace used in traditional dance.

l-katáar lɛ nká ́ná [North] [North] Bracelet made of animal skin and beads, worn by warriors and junior elders.

l-katáar lɛ́ nkɛjʉ́ [North]

lɔɔ́ ɨnkɛjɛ́k. [North] Anklet made of beads sewn on leather, worn by warriors and junior elders on the calf parts of the legs.

ɔl-katáarr

[North] Acc pl: ɨl-kataarrí

Nom sg: ɔl-kátaarr. Acc pl: ɨl-kataarrí. Nom pl: ɨl-kátaarrí.

[North] Acc sg: l-katáar,

l-kantáarr. [North] Nom sg: l-kátaarr, lkántaarr. [North] Acc pl: l-kataarrí, l-kantaarrí. [North] Nom pl: lkátaarrí, l-kántaarrí. n. 1 • Bracelet (general). Ɛg ́ra náají entitó arɨpak ́ ɔrmʉ́rráni ɔrkatáarr. The unmarried girl was making a bracelet for a warrior. (Pk). See: ɛ́nk ́r ́nâ ‘Bracelet’. 2 • Bracelet or beaded armband, typically worn on the upper arm by women. ɛldɛ̂ katáarr that bracelet (W). 3 • Bracelet

worn by a dead man's sons. Mol (1996: 172) indicates that this is made of metal. 4 • Big necklace used in traditional dance.

l-katáar lɛ nká ́ná [North] [North] Bracelet made of animal skin and beads, worn by warriors and junior elders.

l-katáar lɛ́ nkɛjʉ́ [North]

lɔɔ́ ɨnkɛjɛ́k. [North] Anklet made of beads sewn on leather, worn by warriors and junior elders on the calf parts of the legs.

ɛn-katampói [Purko]

[North] Acc pl: ɨl-kataarrí

Nom sg: ɛn-kátampôî. Acc pl: ɨn-katampó.

Átódúaa ɛnkatampôî nárɔ́k tɛ nkáí. I have seen a black cloud in the sky. (Pk). Etíī ɛnkátampôî nárɔk ɛnkáí. A black cloud is in the sky. (Pk). Nom pl: ɨn-kátampo. n. Cloud.

See: en-kidís ‘Cloud’.

l-kátérr [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-katérr. [North] Acc pl: l-katerrí. [North]

Nom pl: l-káterrí. n. [North]

Few men gathered together for a battle; company, small troop, raiding force. See: m-púótó [North] ‘Raiding party’; ɛm-p ́kas; im-púki ‘Raiding party’.

en-katîêt

Nom sg: en-kátīēt. Acc pl: ɨn-katietîn. Nom pl: ɨn-kátietîn. n.

"Bracelet" of grass, used between the head and a load carried on the head, or worn when native beer is being served, or to support a pot inside the house. Sidaín kʉná kátietîn olêŋ. These head-bracelets are very good. (W).

ɨn-katitín n.pl. Times, seasons. See: ɛn-kátá ‘Time’. katʉ́kʉ̂l [North] Acc sg: katʉ́kʉ̄l. adv. Thoroughly, quite, completely, extreme degree. Eishíutûô ɨnkɛ́jɛ́k katʉ́kʉ̂l amʉ̂ ɛ́táá kélō. Her legs are completely healed because she can now walk. (Pk). Kápáláâ alɛ̂ shaní motúá katʉ́kʉ̄l. I will let this tree die completely. (SN). Kápʉ́rdʉ́pʉrd katʉ́kʉ̄l. I will crush it thoroughly. (SN). Káyíéú ́nâ síáai katʉ́kʉ̂l. [ɪ ̀nà] I need that job completely. (Pk).

katúkulíé Completely. See: tʉ́kʉ̂l ‘Completely’. ɛn-káyákújī Acc pl: ɨn-káyákúj. Nom pl: ɨn-kayakúj. n. 1 • Type of

flexible bush or shrub about the size of a rose bush which has thorns, and needs support. The fruit is small, soft, contains tiny seeds, and is reddish-black when ripe. lantana trifolia. Emɛlɔ́k kʉná kayakúj. These berries are sweet. (W). In W this may be referred to as a "strawberry", but it is not the same as the North American strawberry. 2 • Fruit of this bush.

kɛbákɨ [North] v.aux. [North] Maybe. a-kéd v.prog. To climb, potentially using both legs and arms. Ékéd. He will climb. Tákedo shʉ́márotó íntayú nɛna shɨp ́shɨp nát ́p ́ka. Go to the roof of the house and get me

those slender branches I have put (there). (Pk). Ékédíto. She is climbing. (W). One could climb a hill using just legs. See: ad ́r ‘To climb (a slope)’.

ol-kedét ol-kédi

n. Ladder. See: a-kéd ‘To

climb’.

Nom sg: ol-kédî. Acc pl: il-kédīn. Nom pl: il-kedín. [Purko] Acc sg: ol-

kédí. [North] Acc sg: l-kɛ́dɨ. [North] Nom sg: l-kɛ́d .̂ [North] Acc pl: l-kɛ́dɨn. [North] Nom pl: l-kɛ́d ̂n. n. Spider.

en-kédi Spider. Ɛɔ́ny ̄shɔ̄ kʉná kedín. These spiders bite.

(W). In W, ol-kédi would only refer to a huge spider, and would be somewhat humerous. See: e-súrusuri ‘Spider’; ol-pipí [South] ‘Spider’; n-apɔrsaɨnɨá [Chamus] ‘Spider’.

kédíányɛ́1

Nom sg: kedianyɛ́,

kédianye (D). Acc pl: kedíenyaa. Nom

pl: kédienyaá. [[kédyèɲàá] with one mora in second syllable] [North] Acc

kidiɛ́nyɛ. n. 1 • Left-hand (side); left (side). Kémē kedianyɛ́. The left-hand side (of his body) is paining him. sg: kídíɛ́nyɛ́,

Túŋeikíákɨ ɛnká ́ná ɛ́ kédíányɛ́ ́mbʉŋá ɛ́nɛ̂ tátɛ́nɛ́. [

ɪ ́mbʊ̀ŋá ! ɛ́nɛ́] Let go of my left hand and hold the right one. (Pk). Káamê ɛnkaɨná ɛ́ kédíányɛ́ olêŋ. My left hand is very painful. Kédíanyɛ́ á ́ ɛná. This is my left side/ This is ́ my left hand. Ɨyaʉ́ kédíányɛ́. Bring the left hand. (eg. as in a marriage ceremony when one is asking for a marriage-partner's hand so as to put a ring on it). Ɨncɔɔ́kɨ kédíányɛ́. (i) Give me your left hand (eg. as in a marriage ceremony when one is asking for a marriage-partner's hand so as to put a ring on it) (ii) Face me with your left side (eg. as for giving s.o. an injection). Etíī kédiányɛ́. He is on the left. (eg. distinguishing among a group of people). south. kéíányɛ́ ɛ́ nkɔ́p left-hand side of the earth (which includes west and south). 2 • West,

Éló ɔltʉ́ŋání kedianyɛ́. The left-handed person will go. Épúó ɨltʉŋaná kédianyaá. The left-handed people will go. 3•

See: tátɛ́nɛ́ ‘Right’.

ol-kédíányɛ́2

Nom sg: ol-kédianyɛ. Acc pl: il-kedíányāā. Nom pl: il-

kédianyaá. [Purko] Acc pl: il-kedíényāā. [Purko] Nom pl: il-kédienyaá. n. Left-handed person. Éló olkédianyɛ táatá. The lefthanded one will go today. People who are naturally left-handed are discouraged from using the left hand. Babies are encouraged to use their right hand, even to the extent of injuring a baby's left hand so that they only use the right.

en-kédíányɛ́

1 • The

2 • Left-hand

side.

left-handed one (fem.).

il-keék Nom pl: il-kéek. n.pl. 1 • Trees. Kémelóók ɨlŋánayio lɛ́ kʉ́ldɔ̄ keék. The fruits of those trees are very juicy. (Pk). ilkeék oónyokie red trees. This is the source for the name of the Il-Keekonyokie Maasai section.

large sticks. Ɛshɔmɔ́ entitó ayak ́ ŋɔ́tɔ́nyɛ́ ilkeék. The girl has gone to bring her mother firewood. (Pk). 2 • Firewood;

medicine (including modern). Ɔlabáani láɨshɔɔ́ kʉlɔ̂ keék peê aók. It is the doctor who gave me these medicines/herbs to take. (Pk). 3 • Herbs,

in-keék

1 • Small

2 • Firewood.

sticks.

3 • Thousands.

́ Ɨncɔɔ́ k ̂ inkeék uní. Give me 3000! (W).

See: ɔl-caní ‘Wood

(sg.)’; ɔl-catá ‘Tree’; l-cɛn ́ [North] ‘Tree’; lcɛtá [North] ‘Wood, stick’.

il-Keékonyókie

of one of the Il-óshōn, or Maasai sections, located around Ngong. Name is derived from 'trees that are red'. Átɔ́dúaa ilKeékonyókie tɛ ncɔ́rrɔ̂ ɛ́ mʉ̂ny. I saw il-Keekonyokie people at Ngong Town. (Pk). See: il-keék ‘Trees’; a-nyokíé ‘To be red’; oloshô ‘Section’.

ɛn-kɛɛnɛ́1

Nom pl: il-Kéékonyókie. n.prop. Name

Nom sg: ɛn-kɛ́ɛnɛ́. Nom sg: ɛn-kɛ́ɛnɛ. Acc pl: ɨn-kɛɛ́nta. Nom pl: ɨn-

kɛ́ɛnta. [North] Acc pl: n-kɛɛn ́ta. [North] Nom pl: n-kɛ́ɛn ́ta. n. 1 • Leather strap, thong, belt. In some areas traditionally made from cow hide; in S esp. from buffalo hide. Such a strap is used around the home for construction, tethering animals, tying firewood to carry, adornment, etc. Ɛyáwúá ɛntásât ɛnkɛɛnɛ́ naeníéki ɔláshê. The woman has brought a leather strap for tying the calf. (Pk). Ɨntáyu ɛnkɛɛnɛ́ naeníéki inamʉ́ka. Make a strap (shoelace) for tying your sandals. (Pk). Nɛ ́tadóu

Ná ́tɛrʉ-kɔ́p ɛnkɛɛnɛ́ náádɔ́ aɨtadoɨk ́ ɔlɔsɨnkɔ́ lɛ́nā dúóó áŋ. Beginner-of-the-earth (God) dropped down a long strap to the centre of the home. Sídáí ɛnkɛ́ɛnɛ ó loiŋóni.

The strap of the bull is good. (W). The leather wil only be taken from a cow that is healthy when slaughtered. The girdle may be decorated as a talisman. See: a-ɛ́n ‘To tie’. 2 • [North] Leather strap used on a calabash. 3 • Rope. See: ol-gosôî; ɛ-rɔ́kwɛ́ɛt́ ; ɔl-k ́ ́ta ‘Rope’.

term. Ɛɨshúá ɔlápúrróní ɛnkɛɛnɛ́ ɛnyɛ́. The thief completed his jail term. 4 • Jail

ɛn-kɛɛnɛ́ ɛ́ mpɔ́lɔs Decorated belt worn by warriors. ɛn-kɛɛnɛ́ pʉs Warrior's beaded sword belt. See: n-coní ɛ́ nk ́jɨ ‘Decorated belt worn by warriors’.

ɛn-kɛɛnɛ́ ó loiŋóni n.sg. Rainbow (lit: bull strap). l-kɛɛ́s [North] Nom sg: l-kɛ́ɛs̄ . Acc pl: l-keesí. Nom pl: l-kéesí. n. [North] Arid land; desert. [North] ‘Desert’.

ɛn-kɛɛ́ya

Syn: ol-púrkél

‘Arid land; desert’. See: l-kárjáj

Nom sg: ɛn-kɛ́ɛya. Acc pl: ɨn-kɛɛyáítin. Nom pl: ɨn-kɛ́ɛyaitin.

[Purko] Acc pl: ɨn-kɛɛyaitín. [North] Acc sg: n-kɛɛ́ya,

n-kɛáya. [North] Acc pl: n-kɛɛ́yaitín. [North] Nom pl: n-kɛ́ɛyatín. n. 1 • Death. Mɛɨr ́shāyū ɛnkɛ́ɛya Death cannot be faced. There is perhaps no common word for sth. like "funeral" or for describing what happens when s.o. dies. See: a-yá ‘To carry’. (generic term). Ɛ́ ́tɔrrɔ́nɔ̄ ɛnkɛ́ɛya nájî bíitíá. The disease that is called AIDS is bad. See: ɛ-mueyíán ‘Sickness; disease’. 3 • Sth. that can cause death, including poison, inedible plants, etc. ɛndâ kɛɛ́ya that poison (W). 2 • Disease

l-kɛɛ́ For S, the feminine indicates a disease, and the masculine form indicates death.Death.

ɛn-kɛɛ́ya ɛ́nkarɛ Illness caused by drinking dirty water (eg. cholera, typhoid).

ɛn-kɛɛ́ya oó lóóik Cancer; a very dangerous disease that may require amputation. If it spreads to the whole body, the person will die. (lit: diease of the bones).

ɛn-kɛɛ́ya ɛ kʉ́lɛ Brucelosis; disease caused by drinking milk

contaminated with bacteria. Some people's legs may become paralysed.

ɛn-kɛɛ́ya oó nkɔnyɛ́k Trachoma; eye infection caused by dust.

n-kɛɛ́ya mára This disease killed many Samburu people in the

1880's, when the Lteritó were the warrior age-set.Smallpox (lit: striped, spotted disease).

ɨn-kɛjɛ́k

n.pl. 1 • Legs,

feet.

See: ɛn-kɛjʉ́ ‘Leg’.

of the bed, where a person's feet lie. Tɛ nɛ́ ́rʉra oshî ɔltʉ́ŋání náa kɛjɛ́k ɛ́p ́k ɨnkɛjɛ́k. When a person sleeps, he puts his legs at the feet of the bed. (Pk). 2 • Feet

ɨn-kɛjɛ́k ɛ́ ndápásh

sticks which support the bed; legs of a bed. Ɛtɨg ́latɛ ɨnkɛjɛ́k ɛ́ ndápásh. The legs of the bed have broken. (W).

ɛn-kɛjʉ́1

n.phrase. Forked

Nom sg: ɛn-kɛ́jʉ. Acc pl: ɨn-kɛjɛ́k. Nom pl: ɨn-kɛjɛ́k. n. 1 • Leg

of

person or animal, from hip to tips of the toes. Nɛ́ ́rr ́kɨ ɛnká ́ná nɛ́ ́bʉ̄ŋ ɛnkɛjʉ́ enkitojó. He put his hand into it and he caught the hare's leg. Ɛ́ ́sʉ́já ɛnkɛjʉ́ ɛnyɛ́. He/she has washed his/her leg. Nɛ́ ́sʉ̄j ɔlkítok ilkípáárɛta ɨnkɛjɛ́k néjut. The supervisor washed the feet of the messengers and wiped them. (Pk). tɛ nkɛ́jʉ on foot (S). See: ɛnkʉ́ŋʉ́ ‘Knee’; en-kúpes ‘Thigh’; ol-orôk ‘Shin’; e-múrt ɛ́ nkɛjʉ́ ‘Ankle’; ɛn-t ́ɨs ‘Calf muscle’.

or tyre of a vehicle, bicycle, etc. Ɛtadɛ́nyɛ ɛnkɛ́jʉ ɛ́ ngárri. The tyre of the car has burst. (Pk). nkɛjʉ́ ɛ́ nkárri tyre of a car (SN). 2 • Wheel

river, brook. Tʉ́shumáí ́nâ kɛjʉ́ amʉ̂ ítúm ɛnkárɛ́. Walk up (along) that small river because you will find water. (Pk). See: ɔl-kɛjʉ́ ‘River’. 3 • Small

ɔl-kɛjʉ́2

Nom sg: ɔl-kɛ́jʉ. n. 1 • Small

river, brook.

either permanent or seasonal. Ɛshɔmɔ̂ inkíshū ɔlkɛjʉ́ áaok ɛnkárɛ́. The cows have gone to the river to drink water. (Pk). See: o-reyíét; e-wúáso; sɛ́rɛ́ ‘River’. 2 • River,

3 • Valley.

́ Ɨntalaŋʉ́ inkíshú ́lɔ̂ kɛjʉ́. Bring cows across that

valley. (Pk). See: e-nóŋótó; e-úlulû; ɔ-yɛ́rátá ‘Valley’.

ɔl-Kɛjʉ́ādɔ̄

Nom sg: ɔl-Kɛjʉ́ādɔ̄. [South] Acc sg: ɔl-Kɛjʉ́āādɔ̄. n.prop. 1 • Maa

word for the river for which runs near the town of Kajiado, and through the district of Kajiado. 2 • Maa pronunciation of the town of Kajiado (lit: the big leg which is long/tall). Ɔlkɛjʉ́ādɔ̄ oshî ɛmɛ́nya oldisí. The district commissioner resides in Kajiado. (Pk). Sokóni sápʉk ɔlKɛ́jʉ́ādɔ̄. Kajiado is a big market. (W). 3 • District of Kajiado.

ol-kékún

Nom sg: ol-kekún. Acc pl: il-kékúno. Nom pl: il-kekunó. [West]

Acc sg: ol-kékûn. n. 1 • Side

of a depressed geographic formation: river bank, lake-side, beach, side of valley. olkékûn River bank. Tálaŋa amʉ̂ etíī ɨntáre ɛldɛ̂ kékún lɔ́ɔ ́ lkɛjʉ́. Cross, because the goats and sheep are on that (other) bank of the river. (Pk).

alternate day. Olkékún lâŋ táatá peê eokishó inkíshu olinyî tááisére. It is our day for the cows to drink (water) and tomorrow is yours. (Pk). Áló sokóni ɔlɨkáí kékûn; ḿmɛ táatá. I'll go to the market another day; not today. (W). 2 • Day,

ɔlɛ̂ kékún

[exceptionally: òlékékún] Person

or animal who alternates in mood from one day to the next as a general character trait (eg. is happy, generous, kind, friendly, docile, gives milk, etc. one day, but not the next) (lit: the one of day). Ɔlɛ̂ kékún ɛlɛ̂ ɔɨŋɔnɨ. This bull is fickle (eg. nice one day but not the next). ɛlɛ̂ kékún [èlé ! kékún] this day. Ɛlɛ̂ kékún áló [èlékékún ǃ áló] This day I will go. Enê kékún ɛnâ k ́tɛ́ŋ This cow is fickle (ie. gives milk one day but not the next).

n-kɛldɛ́ [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-kéldɛ. [North] Acc pl: n-kɛldɛ̂n. [North]

Nom pl: n-kɛ́ldɛn. n. 1 • [North]

spear target practice.

Hoop, esp. one used in a game of

2 • [North]

en-kéldéí

Any open circle.

Nom sg: en-keldéí. Acc pl: in-keldên. Nom pl: in-keldén. n.

String of beads; [North] String of beads. beads’.

l-kelekelé [North]

Syn: ɛ-sayéi

Nom sg: l-kélekelé. n. [North]

aɨshɨr ́ dáma ‘Rattle’.

a-kɛlɛlaá

‘String of

Rattle.

See: ɛn-

separate sth. from the rest. Tɛ́kɛlɛláí. Separate it out! Átɛ́kɛ́lɛ́láyie ŋolé. I separated it out yesterday. v.dir. To

a-kɛlɛlʉ́ v.dir. To separate sth. out towards the point of reference. Tɛ́kɛlɛlʉ́. Separate it out! Syn: a-kɛpaá ‘To separate out’. See: a-gɛ́l ‘To

a-kɛlɛlarí

sort out’.

v.dir v.mid. To

love to be on one's own, prefer to stay alone;

be a loner. Ɛg ́ra ɔltʉ́ŋání ógogoŋ akɛlɛlarí aló ɔ́pɛny. The antisocial person is going alone. (Pk). ɔltʉŋáni ɔkɛlɛlári person who is a loner. See: a-kɛparí ‘To be aloof, stay alone (usage note)’.

ol-kélíáí n. Bracelet. l-kɛlɨkɛlɛ́ [North]

Variant: l-kɛlkɛlɛ. [North] Nom sg: l-kɛ́lɨkɛlɛ́. [North] Acc

pl: l-kɛlɨkɛlɛ̂n. n. [North]

l-kení [North]

Aardvark, ant bear.

Nom sg: l-kéni. n. 1 • [North]

Orycteropus afer.

Tree.

See: ɔl-caní ‘Tree’.

Medicine, herb. Yakáaki lkení lámát. bring me medicine/herb to drink. (S). 2 • [North] Song. See: o-sínkólio ‘Song’. 2 • [North]

a-kény [North]

v. Restrict: warriors. [North]

To remove beads, showing you are not with a particular woman anymore. This is not done to a wife (ie. divorce), but to the girlfriend of a warrior.

Kɛnya Nom sg: Kɛ́nyâ. n.prop. Kenya. kɛnyá adv. 1 • Later on in life; someday in the distant future. Ɛyɛ̂ kɛnyá aké pɔ́ɔkɨ ŋâ ̂. Everyone will die someday. (Pk). 2 • Eventually (over a period of months or years). Ɛbáʉ́ kɛnyá

tɛldɛ́ ápa. He/she will arrive next month. kɛnyá tɛldɛ́ ápa Next month. kɛnyá tɛndá wiki Next week. See: adé ‘Later’. Ant: apá ‘Long ago’. a-kɛnyʉ́ v. 1 • To rise (of the sun); be(come) morning. Ɛg ́ra akɛnyʉ́ amʉ̂ ɛtawáŋa. It is dawning because there is light. (Pk). Peê ɛ́kɛ́nyʉ̂ ɛnâ kátá ɛɨdɨpak ́ esíái ɛ́ sʉkárɨ, néyīēŋī olkérr ojî olkípókét. When the sun rises and the business of sugar is finished, the castrated ram called the purifier is slaughtered. Nɛ́kɛnyʉ́ kias ɛntɛ́mátá. The next morning we did the exam. (W). 2 • [North] To peel (as of dry skin or bark from a tree). See: ɛnkakɛnyá ‘Dawn’; en-téípa ‘Evening’.

a-kɛpaá v.dir. To separate sth. from the rest. Kɛ́kɛpáa ɔlŋatúny ɔláshê arishíé ŋɔ́tɔ́nyɛ́ peê ɛ́nyâ. The lion will separate the calf from the mother so that it eats. oneself’.

a-kɛpʉ́

See: a-kɛparí ‘To

isolate

separate sth. from the rest towards the point of reference. Tɛ́kɛpʉ́! Separate it out this way! Ant: a-kɛlɛlaá ‘To separate out’.

a-kɛparí

v.dir. To

v.dir v.mid. To

stay alone, be alone, isolate oneself, not want to be together with people. Ɛg ́ra ɔltʉ́ŋání ɔ́ ́bá ́shɔ akɛparí. The person full of hatred is staying alone. (Pk). Usage: To some extent a-kɛparí and a-kɛlɛlarí are interchangable, but a-kɛlɛlarí specifically implies not wanting to do things with other people while a-kɛparí implies staying alone by one's self or being aloof even if living as part of a community with other people. a-gɛlarí implies moving away with one's household goods, animals, etc. and living alone (eg. like Abraham). All three concepts are considered negative, as going or being alone is not good.. Ant: a-shʉlarɛ́ ‘To come to stay or live together’. See: a-kɛlɛlarí ‘To love to be alone’; akɛpaá ‘To separate sth. out’; a-gɛlarí ‘To move off alone’.

képér

Nom sg: kepér. Variant: képer. [North] Acc pl: képeri. [North] Nom

pl: kepéri. n. 1 • Heaven. 2 • Sky.

Elóíto emótonyí tɛ kepér. The bird is flying in the

sky. (Pk). 3 • Top (of sth.), on top, above, up. 4 • West, in the direction of the setting sun.

en-képér

n. 1 • Top,

2 • Above.

n-képér ɛ́ nkíyok a-kɛ́r

summit (of trees, mountain). n.phrase. Upper

side of the ear. See: shʉ́mátá ‘Heaven, sky, top’; ɛnk-áí ‘Sky, heaven’.

v. To

restrict; deny access to other people. field set apart for calves; pasturage’.

ɛn-kɛ́ráí

See: ɔl-ɔkɛr

́ ‘Grazing

Nom sg: ɛn-kɛráí. Acc pl: ɨn-kɛ́ra. Nom pl: ɨn-kɛ́râ. n. 1 • Child

who

has not been initiated into adulthood. Eigúran ɛnkɛráí ɔ́ ŋɔ́tɔ́nyɛ́. A child plays with his mother. Though this typically refers to a young child (male or female) prior to circumcision, parents can always refer to their child by this term. English "young girl" can be translated by entítō or by ɛnkɛ́ráí; only the latter can also be used for a young boy. female child prior to circumcision; girl. Ɛnkɛ́ráí ɛná. This is a girl. (W). 3 • Woman. Usage: by older people to any younger woman. Eyéwuo ɛnkɛráí náyama aɨrɔrɔk ́ mɛ́nyɛ́. A married child (woman) has come to greet her father. (Pk). 4 • [North] Dark, non-raised mole on the skin. See: l-gɛɛ́tɨ [North] ‘Raised mole’. 2•A

ɔl-kɛ́ráí Male child, large child. ɛn-kɛ́ráí kɨt ́ / kinyí These terms can be applied to a child any

time from birth to before the child starts sitting.Baby (lit: small child).

ɛn-kɛ́ráí é títóísho

Usage: polite

?. Illegitimate child (lit: child of

girlhood).

ɛn-kɛ́ráí é sôs Illegitimate child (lit: child of the mat). See: kɛ́ráísho ‘Childhood’.

kɛ́rá ́shɔ

Nom sg: kɛraísho. [North] Acc sg: keráíco. [North] Nom sg: keráíco.

n.sg. 1 • Childhood. 2 • [North]

Childishness. See: ɛn-kɛ́ráí ‘Child’.

n-kɛ́rdɛ́ny [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-kɛrdɛ́ny. [North] Acc pl: n-

kɛ́rdɛ́nyi. n. [North] Corner of the eye.

kɛ́rɛ́buk adj. Wet. See: a-shál ‘To be wet’; a-ɨlɨbɨl ́b ‘To be wet’. kɛ́rɛ́ɛk ́ n. Dirt, filth; uncleanliness. Primarily dirt found inside the house of a mother that has just given birth. Mésídáí kɛrɛɛ́k te biótisho óo séseni Dirt is not good for the health of the bodies.

See: a-ɨkɛrɛɛ́k ‘To

l-kérêî [North] kɛ́rɛj

2 • [North]

be dirty’; kɛ́rɛ́rɛ̂ ‘Dirty; unclean’.

[North] Nom sg: l-kér`ri. n. 1 • [North]

The Milgis river.

A water plant.

Nom sg: kɛ́rɛ̂j. Acc pl: in-kérejí. Nom pl: in-kérejí. n. Garage.

Ewákɨ

ɛngárri meshómóí áa ̄tɔb ̄r tɛ kɛ́rɛ̂j. The vehicle has been taken for repair in the garage.

ol-kérémpé

Borrowed word: English

garage.

Nom sg: ol-kerempé. Acc pl: il-kerémpen. Nom pl: il-

kérempén. n. Group of men or women who gang up together to perform certain duties. Ɛɨtɔ́b ́râ ɨláyiok olkérémpé ló sínkólīō. The boys have ganged up to sing.

ol-kérémpé lɛ siása A political movement. en-kéreni Nom sg: en-kéréni. Acc pl: in-kereniní. Nom pl: in-kéreniní. n. Large tin can. enkéreni ɛ́ ́látá Large tin can of fat/oil. See: ɛmʉshashúri ‘Tin can’.

n-kérénkét [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-kerenkét. n. [North]

trap, traditionally made by the Ndorobo.

l-kɛ́rɛ́nkɛ́t [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-kɛrɛnkɛ́t. [North] Acc pl: l-

kɛrɛnkɛtí. [North] Nom pl: l-kɛ́rɛnkɛtí. n. 1 • [North] Town.

Hunting

2 • [North]

Market. 3 • [North] Building having a corrugated metal roof.

kɛ́rɛ́rɛ̂

Nom sg: kɛ́rɛ́rɛ̂. Acc pl: kererení. Nom pl: kérerení. adj. 1 • Slovenly;

having the characteristic of being disorderly and dirty, both in personal care and in caring for possessions and living space. Á ́tɔrrɔ́nɔ̂ ɔltʉ́ŋání kɛ́rɛ́rɛ̂ amʉ̂ kéŋū. A slovenly person is bad because he/she stinks. (Pk). Kárá kɛ́rɛ́rɛ̂. [káɾá kɛɾɛɾɛ] I am slovenly. K ́rɑ́ kɛ́rɛ́rɛ̂. You are slovenly. Éíkererení ɨnk ́laní ɛ́ ntɔ́mɔ́nɔ́nɨ. The clothes of a post-partum woman are slovenly. (Pk).

Óre ɔltʉŋáni kɛ́rɛ́rɛ̂ némētūm intokitín sidáîn. A lazy person doesn't get good things. (Pk). ɛn-kɛ́rɛ́rɛɨshɔ Slovenliness. See: tásháláí ‘Lazy’; a-shál ‘To be lazy’; 2 • Lazy.

álani ‘Slovenly’.

ol-keréri

Nom sg: ol-kéreri. Acc pl: il-kerérin. Nom pl: il-kérerín. [Chamus]

Acc sg: l-kɨréri. [North] Acc sg: l-kɛrɛ́rɨ. [North] Nom sg: l-kɛ́rɛrɨ. [North] Acc pl: l-kɛrɛ́rɨn. [North] Nom pl: l-kɛrɛr

́n. n. 1 • Line, queue, row.

Étóóshô ɨnkɛ́râ olkeréri peê étúmí áatɔɔrɨk ́ ɛndáa.

The children have made a queue so that they can be served the food. (Pk). 2 • Line (on a zebra, as drawn on paper, line made by how hair is cut, etc.). 3 • [North] A verse of Scripture. Usage: eccl.. See: ɔ-s ́ɨdʉ́ ‘Line’; olkididimówúó ‘Rank’.

n-kɛrɛs ́rɛ́ [North]

́rɛ́. [North] Acc pl: nkɛrɛs ́rɛ̂n. [North] Nom pl: n-kɛ́rɛs ́rɛ̂n. n. [North] Guinea fowl (generic term). See: sɨrayɔ́ [North] ‘Vulturine guinea fowl’.

ol-keresúré

[North] Nom sg: n-kɛ́rɛs

Nom sg: ol-kéresúré. Acc pl: il-keresurení. Nom pl: il-

kéresurení. [South] Acc sg: kɨlɛsure. [North] Acc sg: keresíré. n. Guineafowl. Ɛ́ ́nɔ́sá olkéresúré ́mpɔ́ɔś hɔ̂ naátií ɛ́ mʉ́kʉ́ntâ. The guinea-fowl has eaten the beans in the garden. (Pk). See: ɛnkʉ́rlɛ́ ‘Dove’.

in-keréú

Nom pl: in-keréú. n.pl. Usage: Contemptuous. Milk. See: ɨn-

kɨsʉshát; kamánaŋ; ɨn-kɨpɔshát ‘Skimmed milk’; ɨncɨlɨgát ‘Spoiled milk’; kʉlɛ́ ‘Milk’.

n-kéreyio [North]

Song by uncircumcised girls. See synonyms at: See: l-aparasíyíó [North] ‘Type of song sung by women’.

en-kerî2

n. [North]

Nom sg: en-kéri. Acc pl: in-kerîn. Nom pl: in-kérin. n. 1 • Striped

one. 2 • Bead string of black and white or black and red beads, sewn in a thin thread and coiled together (in S, in groups of four) worn by warriors diagonally across the chest. 3 • A small white-and-blue speckled bead, typically worn in long strands around the neck. See: ɛnk-ɔ́ ́p ́láí ‘Beads ornaments’.

ol-kerî3

Nom sg: ol-kéri. Acc pl: il-ówúárák,

pl: il-owuarák

kerî1

il-ówúárák kerîn. Nom

kérin. n. 1 • Leopard. 2 • [West] Tiger. See: ol-owuarú kerî ‘Leopard’; ol-mára ‘Leopard, cheetah’. Nom sg: kéri. Acc pl: kerîn. Nom pl: kérin. adj. 1 • Decorated

in a stripped or dotted pattern, from birth; the spotting need not be everywhere uniform. Usage: animals. Átóduaa olowuarú kerî ti oŋotá. I have seen a spotted leopard in the bush. (Pk). ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ kerî spotted cow. 2 • Longitudinally striped, running from approximately the loins to the neck and from the udder to the dewlap. The longitudinal stripe is predominantly white and the rest of the colouring could be a

single colour or a combination of colours. Usage: cattle. Kaáta inkíshú kerîn. I have striped cows. (Pk). Kááta ɔlk ́tɛ́ŋ kerî ɛ́rɔ̂k. I have a longitudinally-striped black ox. (Pk). 3 • Having an alternating colour scheme (eg. of a necklace). 4 • Mean,

not dependable, irresponsible. Usage: human. Áíkerî

ɛnâ áyíóní mmɛ pálāyū tɛnâ túmô amʉ̂ kélō alimú ɨmbáa. This boy is irresponsible and therefore cannot be included in this meeting because he will disclose things. (PK). See: ol-kerî ‘Leopard’; en-kerî; ɛnk-ɔ́ ́p ́láí ‘Necklace’.

l-kéríántús [North]

Plant with a small delicate lily flower and beans, whose sap is rubbed into small cuttings in the skin, for tatooing ladies' faces or breasts for beauty. 2 • [North] Sap from this plant. See: ol-ŋéríántusí ‘Plant with small flowers’.

l-kɛrɨcɔ̂ ̂ [North]

n. 1 • [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-kɛ́rɨcɔ̂ .̂ [North] Acc pl: l-kɛrɨcɔ́. [North]

Nom pl: l-kɛ́rɨcɔ́. n. [North]

árani ‘Killer, murderer’.

l-kerî-k ́tɛ́ŋ [North]

Killer (human or animal).

See: ɔl-

[North] Acc pl: l-kerí-kɨtɛŋí. n. [North]

(lit: alternately coloured cow).Nom sg: Lanius.

en-kérr1

Shrike

Nom sg: en-kêrr. Acc pl: ɨn-kɛrrá. Nom pl: ɨn-kɛ́rra. [North] Acc sg: n-

kɛ́rr. [North] Nom sg: n-kɛ̂rr. n. Sheep (sg). Ebóíta enkêrr ɔ́ enkíné ti aúluo. The sheep and the goat are together outside. (Pk). Ɛɨrr ́t ́ta ɨnkɛ́rá ɨnkɛrrá. The children are herding the sheep. (W). Ɛɨrr ́t ́ta ɨnkɛ́rra ɨnkɛ́ra. The sheep are herding the children. (W).

in-kɛ́rrâî

Nom pl: in-kɛrráí. [North] Acc sg: n-kɛ́rráí. Multiple

flocks (of sheep, or of sheep plus goats), eg. of separate owners.

ɔl-kɛ́rr Castrated ram; wether. See: ɛn-taréí ‘Sheep’; ɨn-taré ‘Sheep, sheep and goats together’.

ol-kérr2

Nom sg: ol-kêrr. Acc pl: ɨl-kɛrrá. Nom pl: ɨl-kɛ́rra. n. Castrated

ram. Imeitíámāk ̄ oshî olkêrr ɨntarɛ́. A castrated ram normally does not mate with sheep.

ol-kérr léélata

Variant: lkér

lérata (S). One ram is slaughtered for each such event, either a birth or circumcision, and the mother or circumcised child (boy or girl) is given the fat to drink. Anyone can eat the meat, except warriors, who cannot eat meat at home.Ram for fat, either for a mother who has just given birth, or for a circumcised child. See: ol-kúo ‘Lamb’; olméregesh ‘Ram’.

l-kérr lɛ́ m-bárnóto [North]

Lamb for shaving ceremony. See: ɔl-barnɛ́t ‘Lamb for shaving ceremony’.

ol-kérr loo nkʉjɨt

n. [North]

name given to a ram which is slaughtered before the birth of a child. See: ol-kípokêt ‘Birth sheep’; ol-kérr lélata ‘Ram for fat’.

n-kɛrrái [North] l-kɛ́rrɛnî [North]

n. The

Acc pl: n-kɛrraûn. n. [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-kɛ́rrɛnî. [North] Acc pl: l-kɛ́rrɛn. [North]

Nom pl: l-kɛ́rrɛ̂n. n. [North]

calves.

ol-kerretí

Gourd.

Type of small metal bell placed on

Nom sg: ol-kérretí. Acc pl: il-kerretí,

il-kerretîn. Nom pl: ilkérretí, il-kérretîn. [North] Acc sg: l-kɛrrɛtí. [North] Nom sg: l-kɛ́rrɛtí. [North] Acc pl: l-kɛrrɛt ̂n. [North] Nom pl: l-kɛ́rrɛt ̂n. n. 1 • Piece of hide worn on the wrist for ceremonial purposes. Warriors/elders wear this on occassions when feeding on meat at meat-eating camps and thereafter for a little while before they throw them away. Women wear this in a blessing ceremony (blessed to get children). Éíshópô ɨlmʉ́rrân ilkerretí lɔɔ́ lmóŋí oteyiaŋâ. The warriors are wearing a piece of hide on their wrist from the oxen they slaughtered. (Pk). Custom. Eyéwuo olkérretí tɔ́rrɔnɔ̂ ɛnkɔ̂p lémēūrē ɨnkɛ́râ intóiwúó. Bad customs have come to the land (society, nation) where children do not respect their parents. (Pk). Enólkerretí apá léméló sukúul ɛndá 2 • [North]

kítok. That woman is of the tradition (in which people) never used to go to school. (Pk). Wearing a shuka is not an example of ol-kerretí, but women making ɛnk-ají is. See: enekerretí ‘Protruding pieces of skin on a cow, behind the hooves’. [North] Acc sg: n-kerretí.

a-kɛsɛ́n

tie a sarong onto one's self (as a skirt tied by a woman). Ág ́ra akɛsɛ́n ɔlɔ́kɛ́sɛ́na. I am tying the skirt on (to myself). Ɛg ́ra enkítok akɛsɛ́n ɔlkáráshá ɔɨnyáŋūā. The woman is tying onto herself the skirt which she bought. (Pk). Syn: a-rrotíán ‘To girdle’.

a-kesú

v. To

harvest. Eéwuo dúó emáshini akesú enkáno. The machine has come to harvest the wheat. (W). v. To

ɛn-kɛ́sʉ́wɛk n. Seed. a-kɛ́sh v. To struggle, compete with. Ɛg ́ra ɨnkɛ́râ áakɛsha ti áúluo áakuɛt. The children are competing outside (of the kraal) by running. (Pk).

ɛn-kɛ́shā n. Struggle. ́ tɛɛnɨk ́ olkeshinká ɛnkɛjʉ́. Tie a slowing ol-keshinká n. Ɛn spling on the left.

en-késhúí

played on a wooden plane with two parallel and symmetrically-corresponding series of scooped depressions or "cups" and with a single "cup" on each end; relatively small smooth pebbles are used to play the game. See: n-tótoi [North] ‘Game with wood and stone’.

keshúrōī

Nom sg: en-keshúí. n. Game

[kèʃúɾ!óy] Nom sg: késhuróí. Acc pl: keshúro. Nom pl: késhuro.

[North] Acc sg: keshúrói. [North] Nom sg: késhurói. adj. 1 • Red

and white, with red dominating the body and white confined to the face; mixture of múgíé and large white spots. Usage: animals. Kányɔ̄r ɔlɔɨŋɔ́nɨ keshúrōī laíjó ɛldɛ̂. I love a bull which has a red body and white face like that one. (Pk). Kéikéshúrói alɛ́ á ́ŋonɨ. This bull is coloured red and white. (SN).

2 • Having

a white face, possibly extending up to the dewlap, with a different color or design on the rest of the body. See: aɨbɔ́rr ‘To be white’.

l-kɛtá [North]

Acc pl: l-kɛtái. n. [North]

l-kɛ́ta [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-kɛ́tâ. [North] Acc pl: l-kɛ́taí. n. [North]

Firewood. See: ɔl-catá; ɔlcɛtá ‘Firewood, large stick’; ɨl-keék ‘Firewood, trees’. Honeycomb.

il-keténdē

Nom sg: ol-kétendéi. Sg: ol-keténdéi. Nom pl: il-kétendé. n.pl.

Type of bees.

ɔl-kétúmpê n. Big gourd for brewing beer. en-kétúmpê Usage: contemptuous. Stomach. kɛwán Variant: kɛwɔ́n. [North] Acc sg: kɔɔ́n. [West] Acc sg: kaán. pn. Singular

reflexive pronoun: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself. ́ kɛwán. You beat Ádúŋ kɛwán. I will cut myself. (Pk). Ɨár yourself. (W). Áshɛ́t kaán matáa náákʉ ɔlaɨgúɛ́nani. I will build myself until I become a chief. (W). Etymology: Related to Proto-Lotuko-Maa 'body', which Vossen reconstructs as *-kuan- (Vossen 1982:336).. See: átɛ́ ‘Selves’; kɛwɔ́n; kɔɔ́n; kaán ‘Self’.

ɛn-kɛwaríé

Nom sg: ɛn-kɛwárie. Acc pl: ɨn-kɛwarieitín. Nom pl: ɨn-

kɛ́warieitín. [Purko] Nom sg: ɛn-kɛ́warie. [North] Acc sg: kwar ́é. [Chamus] Acc sg: kwaarié. n. Night. Ɛnkɛwaríé oshî aké ɛátā ̄ ɔ́ ɛndáma tɛ nkɔ́lɔŋ. It is night and daytime that are in a day. (Pk).

tɛ ɛnkɛ́warie At night. See: (ɛn-)tárá ‘Evening between about

8:00 p.m. until 11:00 p.m.’; en-téípa ‘Evening between about 4:00 p.m. until 7:00 p.m.’.

n-kɛ́wat [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-kɛ́wât. [North] Acc pl: n-kɛ́wati. [North]

Nom pl: n-kɛ́wáti. n. [North]

kɛwɔ́n

pn. Singular

herself, itself.

Foreleg.

reflexive pronoun: myself, yourself, himself,

Etymology: Related to Proto-Lotuko-Maa 'body', which

Vossen reconstructs as *-kuan- (Vossen 1982:336).. See: kɛwán; kaán;

kɔɔ́n ‘Self’.

en-kéwúá

Nom sg: en-kewúá. Acc pl: in-kéwûân. Nom pl: in-kewúán. n.

Hartlaub's turaco.

Tauraco hartlaubi.

kéyíére [North] v.aux. [North] It is fitting that, it is best that. kéyíókīshō See: áyíókīshō ‘Boyhood’. ́ cɔɔ́kɨ matára -kɨ pn.b. First person singular object clitic; me. Ɛn ɔlárínkóí amʉ̂ káítīēū. Let me kill Olarinkoi because I can face him. Nɛ́ākʉ̄ ́ntanapákɨ. Tell me the last words (before death). (KS).

k ́-2

pn.b. Bound

k ́-1

[North]: ɨkɨ-,

pronominal prefix on verb for 2nd person singular Subject and 1st person singular Object; or 3rd person or any plural Subject and 2nd person singular Object. Kéyíólo ajó k ́lám táatá. (i) She knows that you (sg.) will avoid me today. (ii) She knows that he will avoid you (sg.) today. Kídúŋ. (i) You (sg.) will cut me. (W) (ii) He will cut you (sg.) (W). Kídúŋóki táatá. (i) He will cut for you (sg.) (ii) You (sg.) will cut for me. (W). Kírét ɛnk ́tɛŋ. The cow helps you. (W). See: k ́-1 ‘1PL’. ɨkʉ-. pn.b. Bound pronoun prefix on verbs indicating first person plural subject; we. K ́ntarɛ átɛ́. We will escort each other. (W). Kírorîê k ́lâm. We talked to him/her[1] as we avoided him/her[1 / 2]. Níkiduŋuduŋ ɨlpáp ́t. We will ́ ́tʉdʉtâ ŋolé kʉná taré. We cut the hairs into pieces. Ɨk ́ dɨt kʉnâ saên. chose among these sheep yesterday. (SN). Ɨkʉ̄ We will compare and choose among these beads. (SN). See: k ́-2 ‘Inverse prefix’.

in-kiaasîn n.pl. Works, deeds; the resulting product of doing work. Óre kʉná búkuí náa inkiaasîn Olɛ-Kótikash. Those books are the work of Ole-Kotikash. (W). See: a-ás ‘To do’; esíaai ‘Work’; en-kiás ‘Work, deed’; ɛ-ásátá ‘Working’.

en-kiamá

Nom sg: en-kíamá. n. 1 • Ceremony

or act of getting

married; wedding. K ́shɔmɔ̂ ŋolé enkiamá ɔ́ lpayíán

ɔyamá enkitók. We attended a wedding yesterday of a man

who married a woman. (Pk). 2 • The union of a man and woman in which they are husband and wife; marriage relationship. Áísídáí enkíamá ɔ́ɔ tíwúó áinéí. My parents' marriage is a good one. (Pk). See: a-yám ‘To marry’.

en-kiás

Variant: en-kiaás. Nom sg: en-kías. Acc pl: in-kiaasîn. Nom pl: in-

kíaasîn. n. Work, deed, act; resulting product from doing work. nɛ́nâ kiaasîn those deeds. Éíyiolóti ɔltʉ́ŋání tɔɔ́ nkíaasîn ɛ́nyɛná pɔ́ɔk ̄ ̄. A man is known for all his good deeds. (Pk). Áísidaîn inkíaasîn ɛ́ lɛ̂ mʉ́rráni ɔɨdɨpá esíáai ɛnyɛ́. The works of this warrior who had finished his work are good. (Pk). Éísidaîn inkíaasîn ɔ́ lmʉ́rráni. The works of the warrior are good. Éísidaîn ɔlmʉ́rráni inkíaasîn. The works of the warrior are good. See: ɔl-kási; esíáai; ɔl-ɔɔs ́ ‘Work’; ɛ-ásátá ‘Act, deed’; a-ás ‘To do’.

ɛn-kɨbá Nom sg: ɛn-k ́bā. n.sg. Hatred. Á ́tɔ́rrɔ́nɔ̂ ɛnk ́bā amʉ̂ kɛ́yáʉ ɛmʉtâî. Hatred is bad because it brings disaster. (Pk). ɔltʉŋáni ɔáta ɛnkɨbá a person who has hatred. See: a-ɨbá ‘To hate’; en-tolôî ‘Resentment’.

n-kɨbaínoi [North] See: a-ɨbá ‘To

[North] Nom sg: n-k

hate’; ɛn-kɨbá ‘Hatred’.

ɛn-k ́bɛ́lɛ́kɛ́nyata [North]

́bakínoi. n.sg. [North] Hatred.

Change, alteration. 2 • Translation. See: a-ɨbɛlɛkɛ́ny ‘To turn sth. over’.

l-kíbélékényi [North]

n. 1 • [North]

[North] Nom pl: l-kibelekenyí. n.pl. [North]

Fatty broth prepared for a sick person from the breast meat of a goat together with herbs.

kiberíé Nom sg: kíberíé. adj. Shy, timid. Meɨtɛŋɛ́nayú ɛnkɛrá ́ kíberíé amʉ̂ kéuré ɔlá ́tɛ́ŋɛ́naní. A timid child is difficult to teach because it fears the teacher. (Pk). ɔltʉŋáni kiberie Shy, timid person. ará kiberíé To be timid (Pk).

See: kurêt ‘Timid,

fearful, cowardly’; a-isiorogá ‘To be timid, shy’; a-dʉkɛnyá ‘To be timid, fearful’.

kíbírótó

Nom sg: kibirotó. Acc pl: kibirót. Nom pl: kíbirot. [Purko] Nom

short and thin; tiny. Éíkíbírótó ɔltʉ́ŋání sas náa dɔ́rrɔ́p. People who are thin and short are tiny. pl: kibirót. adj. Unusually

n.

ɛn-kíbírótó

1 • Premature

ol-kíbírótó

1•A

birth (for humans or domestic

́ ɛ oshî inkítuaak kumók tɛnkárak ́ animals). Ɛy ɛnkíbírótó. Many women usually die because of premature birth. ɛndá kíbírótó [ɛ̀ndá kìbìròtò] that premature birth (W). 2 • Female (human or domestic animal) who is unusually small and thin. Mɛbá ́kɨ enkítok kibirotó shʉ́mátá é nkají. The tiny woman cannot reach the top of the house. baby (human or domestic animal) that's born prematurely. Etoyíúó enkíne ɔlkíbírótó. The goat has given birth to a premature kid. 2 • A male (human or domestic animal) who is unusually small and thin. Mɛbá ́kɨ ɔlpáyian kibirotó ɛnkɔ́shɔkɛ ɔ́ltɔ̄mɛ̄. The tiny man cannot reach the stomach of an elephant. (Pk). 3 • Foetus, aborted foetus. See: a-ibír [North] ‘To fail’.

ol-kiboóyo

Nom sg: ol-kíboóyō. Acc pl: il-kibooyoní. Nom pl: il-

kíbooyoní. n. Small black bird that calms cows; swallow. These birds feed on ticks and insects on the cow's hide. Ɛg ́ra olkíboóyō aibooyó inkíshú. The swallow is calming the cows. (Pk). See: ol-kúrdúdú ‘Swallow’.

ɛn-kɨbɔ́rra

Nom sg: ɛn-k

2 • Moonlight.

́borra. n. 1 • Whiteness.

nkɨbɔ́rra ɛ lápa The waxing moon (lit: the

white of the moon).

ol-kíbúlékeny

Nom sg: ol-kibulékeny. Acc pl: il-kibulekenyí. Nom pl: il-

kíbulekenyí. n. Waterbuck.

ɛn-k ́bʉ́ŋɛ́t

[North] Acc sg: n-kíbúŋét. n. Instrument

to hold or catch with; handle (eg. of a knife). See: a-ɨbʉ́ŋ ‘To catch’; l-k ́yɔk [North] ‘Handle’.

L-k ́c ́l ́ [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-kɨcɨl .́ [North] Acc pl: l-kícílí. [North] Nom

pl: l-kicilí. n. [North]

1960.

l-kícíwúét [North]

The age-set whose initiation was begun in

[North] Nom sg: l-kiciwúét. [North] Acc pl: l-

kícíwueta. n. [North] A kindly, sociable person.

n-kicón [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-kícon. [North] Acc pl: n-kíconi. [North]

Nom pl: n-kícóni. n. [North]

The biological life shared by all plants, animals, and people. See: en-kishón ‘Life’; n-kicûî [North] ‘Life force’.

l-k ́cɔ́pɛ́t [Chamus]

n. [Chamus]

n-kícórótó [North]

n. [North]

Mortar. en-kidoŋ(y)ét ‘Mortar’; en-kiurí ‘Mortar’. kóshórótó ‘Gift’.

n-kicûî [North]

Gift.

See: en-téreét ‘Mortar’;

See: a-ɨshɔ́ ‘To

give’; en-

[North] Nom sg: n-kícui. n.sg. [North]

The inner life attributed only to people and to God; life. See: n-kicón [North] ‘Biological life’; en-kishûî ‘Life force’.

l-kicúrotó [North]

Song heralding victory in war. 2 • [North] Horn heralding a ceremony.

l-k ́dáárî [North]

n. 1 • [North]

n. [North]

Grown calves that move separately from cows, without anyone to take care of them.

en-kidéeré [South] n. [South] Bicycle. See: ɛm-básīkīl ‘Bicycle’. ɛn-k ́dɛ́t ́dɛt Variant: ɛn-k ́dátɨdat. Nom sg: ɛn-kɨdɛ́tɨdɛt. Acc pl: ɨn-

kɨdɛtɨdɛtát. Nom pl: ɨn-k ́dɛtidɛtat. [North] Acc sg: n-k ́dɛtɨdɛt. [Chamus] Acc sg: n-kɨdát ́dat. n. Dream. See: a-ɨdɛtɨdɛ́t ‘To dream’.

ɛn-k ́dɛ́t ́dɛ́tata Dreaming.

ɛn-k ́dɛ́t ́dɛ́tata

[North] Acc sg: n-k

́dɛ́tɨdɛ́tata, n-kɛ́dɛ́t ́dɛ́tata. n. Dreaming, dream. See: a-ɨdɛtɨdɛ́t ‘To dream’.

ol-kididimówúó

Nom sg: ol-kídidimówúó. n.sg. A

rank; regular row

́ cɔm ɛ́waitá ilkididimówûôn ídîâ or line of items. Ɛn áŋátá. [ ìlkìdìdìmówwón ìdyà áŋátá] Go and take those lines of roudy people far away. (Pk). Usage: This word has the connotation of a pointless, meaningless line, perhaps composed of roudy people.. See: e-mówúó ‘Horn’; ɔl-keréri ‘Line, que’.

kídíɛ́nyɛ́ [North] n. [North] Left hand. See: kédíányɛ́ ‘Left (side)’. ɛn-k ́d ́mátá Nom sg: ɛn-kɨdɨmatá. Acc pl: ɨn-kɨdɨmát. Nom pl: ɨnk ́dɨmat. n. 1 • Ability, capacity, strength (to do sth.); power.

Kéíshíákínō nɛ́ya intóiwúó nááta ɛnk ́d ́mátá ɨnkɛ́ra sukúul. Parents who have the ability should take their children to school. (Pk). Kɛ́áta Moi ɛnk ́d ́mátá sápʉk. Moi has a lot of power. See: a-ɨd ́m ‘To be able’. 2 • [South] Forehead. See: enk-omóm; ɛ-mʉnyánī ‘Forehead’; enkirribó [South] ‘Forehead’.

ɛn-kɨdɨŋá

́dɨŋá. n. Congestion, overcrowding (of people or things). See: a-ɨdɨŋá ‘To be congested’.

en-kidís

[North] Acc pl: n-k

Nom sg: en-kídīs. Acc pl: in-kidisîn. Nom pl: in-kídisîn. [North] Nom

sg: n-k

́dɨs, n-kidîs. [North] Acc pl: n-kidisîn. [North] Nom pl: n-kídisîn. n. 1 • [North] Cloud. In S, this is the most common term for 'cloud'. Étúrúmó nkídis The cloud is just about to pour rain. (S). Ɛt́ áá kɛ́shá ɛndá kídis That cloud is just about to pour rain. (S). shower that is brief and light. Eitérūā ɛnk ́tɨ kídīs tɛ ndɛ́. A brief light shower has just begun over there. (Pk). See: ɛnk-atampôî ‘Cloud’. 2 • Rain

ɛn-k ́d ́pákínotó pl: ɨn-k

Nom sg: ɛn-kɨdɨpakínotó. Acc pl: ɨn-kɨdɨpakinót. Nom

́dɨpakinót. n. Contentment.

l-k ́dɔ [North]

́p ‘Finish; complete’.

[North] Nom sg: l-kɔ́dɔ̂. n. ? Mabuya megalura. [North]

long-tailed skink.

en-kídoŋ

See: a-ɨd

Peter's

Nom sg: en-kídôŋ. Acc pl: in-kídoŋi. Nom pl: in-kídóŋi. [North]

Acc pl: n-kídoŋî. [North] Nom pl: n-kídóŋi. n. 1 • Small

narrow container, typically used for holding tobacco or snuff; traditionally made from a gourd (or calabash), but may also be made from plastic. enkídoŋ ɔ́ lkumpaú tobacco container, ́ ak ́ inkakúyiaâ enkídoŋ ɛnyɛ́ ɔ́ snuff container. Ɛy lkumpaú. [ólkùmpàú] Get the grandfather his container for tobacco. In older times some of these containers were made of ivory. Old men and sometimes old women wear the tobacco or snuff container around the neck on a chain. See: Syn = ol-tulét. . 2 • Small calabash or container used by ol-oibóni, in which he keeps his stones and other small objects like birds' beaks, etc., with which to divine and prophesy. Ɛg ́ra olóíboni aósh enkídoŋ ɛnyɛ́. The Oloiboni is shaking his calabash [in order to throw out the stones for divination and prophesying] (Pk). The act of shaking the calabash and divination is described in detail by Jan Voshaar, Tracing God's Walking-Stick in Maa, 1979 pp. 208-211. made from a hollowed-out log. enkídoŋ oó lotórok container of the bees: bee-hive. Among the Samburu, beekeeping is largely the business of the indigenous Ndorobo people and their descendants. Honey is removed from the hive in the dark while the smoke of a fire is used to control the bees. 4 • [North] Quiver. 3 • Bee-hive,

ol-kídoŋ 1 • Big container for snuff or tobacco. Ɛt́ ́p ́kákɨ ɔlkídoŋ lɔ́ ltásat ɔlkʉmpaʉ́. The tobacco container of the old man has tobacco. (Pk). 2 • [North] Medicine-bottle sized container (eg. used for keeping ochre). 3 • Bee-hive.

Ɛt́ ámányā ilótorok olkídoŋ lɛnyɛ̂. The

bees have occupied their bee-hive. (Pk).

il-kídoŋi lɔɔ́ lopír Calabashes of the feathers: name of an ornament worn by warriors.

See: en-kúkúrí ‘Calabash’; ol-

oibóni ‘Ritual expert’.

ol-kídóŋét

Nom sg: ol-kidoŋét. Acc pl: il-kídóŋeta. Nom pl: il-kidóŋeta.

n. 1 • Bardizzo,

castrator, esp. used for calves and donkeys. In S this is made of one wooden pice with a handle about 25 cm and a head about 12 cm. Shɔ́mɔ íyaʉ́ olkídóŋét máídoŋó ilmerégēshī. Go and bring the bardizzo so that we castrate the rams. (Pk). 2 • Instrument to pound with; hammer. See: a-idóŋ ‘To pound’; ɔrramɛ́t ‘Bardizzo’.

in-Kídoŋi

of a sub-clan of the Il-Aiser clan. Óre oshî inkídoŋi pɔɔk ́ náa IlAisér. All the inkídong'i (Iloibónok) are from IlAisér. All the famous iloibónok (sg. ol-oibóni) of Mbat family, including Olonana, Senteu and Kone, belong to this sub-clan. ɔlɔɔ́ nkídoŋi One person from the In-Kidong'i sub-clan.

ɔl-kɨdɔŋɔ̂ ̂

Nom pl: in-kídóŋi. n.pl. Name

Nom sg: ɔl-k

́dɔŋɔ̂ .̂ Acc pl: ɨl-kɨdɔŋɔ́. Nom pl: ɨl-k ́dɔŋɔ. n. 1 • Tail. Kɛ́ɛdɔ́ ɔlk ́dɔŋɔ̂ ̂ lɛ́lɛ ɔɨŋɔ́nɨ. The tail of this bull is very long. (Pk). ɨlkɨdɔŋɔ́ lɔɔ́ isirkôn donkies' tails. Syn: olmésútíé ‘Tail’. 2 • The last; among the last in a group, batch, rank; rear. Ɔlk ́dɔŋɔ̂ ̂ lɛ́

nkilási ɛnyɛ̂ oshî aké etíī ɛnâ titó, mḿɛ ɛndʉkʉ́ya. This girl is

always among the last in her class, never in the top. (Pk). See: ɔlkʉ́rʉm ‘Anus, rear, last’. 3 • [North] Cow's-tail brush (30 cm) used for cleaning calabashes. 4 • [North] Cow's tail used ceremonially for sprinkling milk on male initiates and on warriors returning with the cattle or from war. 5 • [North] Elder's flywhisk. See: a-idóŋ ‘To beat’; ɨ-lɛ́nyɔ́k ‘Fly-

whisk’.

n-kɨdɔŋɔ̂ ̂ [North] [North] Tail of sheep or aardvark. en-kidóŋoré n. Beating, pounding, forging. See: a-idóŋ ‘To pound’. en-kidóŋótó [North] Nom sg: n-kidoŋotó. n. 1 • Pounding, forging, hitting, beating (eg. with a stick). 2 • [North] Castration. See: a-idóŋ ‘To pound’.

en-kidoŋ(y)ét n. Mortar. See: en-téreét; en-kiurí; l-k ́cɔ́pɛ́t ‘Mortar’. l-kídúlótó [North] [North] Acc pl: l-kidulót. n. [North] Watering hole, esp. in a riverbed.

l-k ́ɛ́pɛ́t [North]

See: ol-túrótó ‘Reservoir’.

[North] Nom pl: l-kɨɛpɛ́t. n.pl. [North]

roofing a traditional house.

n-kɨgɛ́ [North]

Sticks used in

́gɛ. [North] Acc pl: n-kɨgɛ̂n. [North] Nom pl: n-k ́gɛ̂n. n. [North] Toothbrush stick. See: a- ́g [North] ‘To brush teeth’.

l-k ́gɛ̂ [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-k

[North] Nom sg: l-kɛ́gɛ. [North] Acc pl: l-kɨgɛ̂n. n. [North]

Fat found inside a camel's hump; eaten raw.

ol-kigeróti

Nom sg: ol-kígeróti. Acc pl: il-kigerót. Nom pl: il-kígerot. n.

1 • Writing(s).

Kɛ́sɨrákínō doí lɛlɔ̂ kígerot ɛmpálāī.

Those writings are written (marked) on the paper. (Pk). See: olkígérótó ‘Writing’; ɔ-s ́rátá ‘Writings, line’.

or tattoos made on the shoulders or stomach. Kɛ́ātā ɛldɛ̂ mʉrraní ilkigerót sidaîn tɔ lóílelâî. That warrior has good tattoos on the shoulders. (Pk). 3 • [North] Line decoration, as may be burned (or carved?) on a cowbell. 2 • Marks

ol-kígérótó

Nom sg: ol-kigerotó. Acc pl: il-kigerót. Nom pl: il-kígerot. n.

1 • Permanent

marking(s): marks or tattos made on the shoulders or stomach; writing(s), the product of writing. Kɛ́ātā ɛldɛ̂ mʉrraní ilkigerót sidaîn to lóíleláî. That warrior has good tatoos on the shoulders. (Pk). Kɛ́sɨrakínō doí lɛlɔ̂

kígerot ɛmpálāī. The writings are written (marked) on that paper. 2 • Making of tattoos on the skin.

en-kígérótó Writings, markings (eg. in a book). See: en-

kígérori ‘The process of writing’; ɔ-s ́rátá ‘Writing, line’; aigér ‘To brand; write’.

en-kígérúnotó ɔɔ́ inkíyiaa

ɔ́ɔ inkíyiaa. Acc pl: in-kigerunót ɔɔ́ inkíyiaa. Nom pl: in-kígerunót ɔ́ɔ inkíyiaa. n. Minor ceremony for boys and girls in which their earlobes are cut. See: a-igér ‘To brand designs’; en-kíook ‘Ear’.

n-kɨgúána [North]

Nom sg: en-kigerúnotó

́guana. n. 1 • [North] Meeting of elders for a decision or judgment. 2 • [North] Judgment. See: en-kigúɛ́na ‘Consultation’; a-igúɛ́n ‘To advise’; a-igúán [North] ‘To advise’.

en-kigúána [Purko]

[North] Nom sg: n-k

Nom sg: en-kíguɛna. Acc pl: in-kiguɛnát. Nom

law case; meeting. Ɛshɔmɔ̂ ɨlpáyianí enkigúɛ́na ó loshô. The men have gone to the consultation of the society. (Pk). See: a-igúɛ́n ‘To advise’; ɔlkiú ‘Meeting’; en-túmo ‘Meeting, consultation’; ɔl-caní ‘Meeting’. pl: in-kíguɛnat. n. Consultation,

adúŋ enkigúɛ́na To give a verdict. en-kigúran Nom sg: en-kíguran. Acc pl: in-kiguraritín. Nom pl: in-

kíguraritín. [North] Acc sg: n-kɨgʉ́ran, n-kʉgʉ́ran. [North] Nom sg: nkʉ́gʉran. n. Play, game, dance, competition. Étīī ɨnkɛ́râ enkigúran ti áúluo áaiŋoruno. The children are playing hide-and-seek outside the kraal. (Pk). See: o-sínkólīō ‘Dance’; ɛndála ‘Play’.

en-kií Nom sg: en-kíī. Acc pl: in-kiîn. Nom pl: in-kíīn. n. Whetting stone. Íyaʉ́ enkií nikíie ɔlálɛ́m. Bring a whetting stone for sharpening the sword. (Pk).

pʉ̂s kií Blue whetting-stone. kií Nom sg: kíí. adj. Blue.

n-kíícúnotó [North] [North] Nom sg: n-kiicúnotó. n. [North] End. in-kíík See: in-kík ‘Faeces’. n-kíímúnotó [North] n. [North] Passage, way through. See: aím ‘To pass’.

a-kɨ ́ny

v. To

talk rudely to s.o.; severely criticize s.o. or their character in their presence. Ɛg ́ra ɔláyíóní akɨ ́ny ɔlɨkáɨ. The boy is talking rudely to the other. (Pk). See: a-kʉrrʉnyɛ́ ‘To talk rudely’; a-ʉpʉ́ ɨlɔmɔ́n ‘To speak rudely’.

l-kíirrê [North] n. [North] Horizon. ɔl-k ́ ́ta n. 1 • [North] Rope made from fiber. This is thicker than lgosôî. See: ɛn-kɛɛnɛ́; ol-gosôî; ɛ-rɔ́kwɛ́ɛt́ ‘Rope’. 2 • Strings made of leather, used by women to make things.

l-kɨɨyáti [North]

́ɨyátɨ. [North] Acc pl: l-kɨɨyát. [North] Nom pl: l-k ́ɨyát. n. [North] Rope of twisted cow leather, used to tie donkey pack saddles.

a-k ́j [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-k

v. 1 • [North]

To tear. See: a-pɔlɔ́s; a-ŋɛ́r ‘To tear’. 2 • [North] To peel. See: a-k ́ny ‘To peel’. 3 • [North] To flee over the fence (of domestic animals).

a-kɨjk ́j [North]

Syn: a-ɨkʉrj

́j [North] ‘To tear to pieces’. [North] To tear to pieces; shred.

ɔl-k ́jánáí

Nom sg: ɔl-kɨjanáí. Acc pl: ɨl-kɨjananí. Nom pl: ɨl-k

en-kijápɛ

Variant: en-kijíápɛ. Nom sg: en-kíjapɛ. [North] Acc sg: n-kɨjɛ́pɛ.

́jananí. n. Young man. Kóre ́lɔ̂ k ́jánáí náa kéji ɔlayíóni. And that young man is called a boy. [North] Nom sg: n-k

́jɛpɛ. [North] Acc pl: n-kɨjɛ́pɨa. n.sg. 1 • Coldness.

Éíshópítōī inkilaní é nkijíápɛ amʉ̂ á ́sápʉk enkíjiapɛ táatá. People are wearing clothes for coldness because it is cold today. (Pk). Áanyɛɨta enkíjapɛ. I am cold. (lit: Cold is eating me). (W). 2 • Wind;

breeze; air. Éóshíto iyíóók enkíjiapɛ sidáí

tanákatá. Good wind/breeze is blowing over us. (Pk). aók enkijápɛ To breath in air. 3 • Weather (in general). Áísídáí enkíjiapɛ oshî táatá amʉ̂ kɛ́shá ́ta. The weather is good because it is raining. (Pk). Ɛg ́ra ɛnk ́jiapɛ airopijú. The climate is becoming cool. (Pk). See: ɔl-kʉtátɨ; l-wúáó; o-síwúó ‘Wind’.

n-k ́járɛ́ [North]

Nom sg: n-kɨjarɛ́. n. [North]

n-kɨjɛ́pɛ [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-k

Singing competition between warriors or warriors and girls from different clans. See: in-torosí ‘Women's singing competition’. ́jɛpɛ. [North] Acc pl: n-kɨjɛ́pɨa. n. [North] Cold air; wind. See: en-kijápɛ ‘Coldness, wind’.

n-k ́jɨ [North]

́j .̂ [North] Acc pl: n-k ́jiî. n. 1 • [North] Waist (of person). idia k ́jɨ that waist (SN). 2 • [North] Middle (of anything). See: ɛm-pɔ́lɔs ‘Waist, middle’.

ol-kijíji [West]

[North] Nom sg: n-k

Variant: ol-kíji. [West] Nom sg: ol-kíjiji. [West] Acc pl: il-

kijijiní. [West] Nom pl: il-kijijiní. [South] Acc sg: en-kijíjī. n. Village. Kɨt ́ ɛlɛ́ kíjiji olêŋ. This village is very small. (W). Eúwo olkíji láí. He came to my village. (W). Álóíto lɛ́lɔ̂ kijijiní pɔɔk ́. I am going to all those villages. (W). Sidaín kʉlɔ́ kijijiní. These villages are good. (W). Borrowed word: Swahili kijiji 'village'. Note: kk (W) allows the singular feminine form only for a "tiny village, to demote it", and specifically rejects the plural feminine form.

en-kijíko Nom sg: en-kíjiko. n. Spoon. en-kijíko ɔɔ́ lálá n. Fork (lit: spoon with teeth). See: ɛ-ʉ́ma ‘Fork’. kijuka n. Recitation, song, lyrical verse. in-kík [Purko] Acc sg: in-kíík. [North] Nom sg: n-kîk. [North] Acc pl: n-kikîn. n.pl. Faeces; dung or waste of a carnivorous animal (dog, leopard, human), or of birds. Páa kéoshóki olówuaru inkík ɛnk ́má. So then the beast sprayed faeces on the fire. a-tayú

inkík To defecate. See: ɔl-cála ‘Heaped dry dung’; ol-ékúrúí ‘Very dry animal droppings’; ol-kileléŋi ‘Dung ball’; en-korotík ‘Watery dung’; e-modíêî ‘Dung’; ol-múrri ‘Flat oval dung’; olokidoŋôî ‘Wet dung’; en-tulúgumî ‘Dry dusty dung’.

n-kík ɛ lápa [North] moon).

ɔl-k ́ká ́nɛ́ ɛn-kɨkápu

n. [North]

Mushroom (lit: faeces of the

n. Irresponsiblity. Nom sg: ɛnk

́kapu. Acc pl: ɨn-kɨkapuní. Nom pl: ɨn-k ́kapuní. [Purko] Acc sg: ɛn-kɨkámpu. n. Basket. Ɛnkɨkápu oshî ɛnapíéki ɛndáa. It is a basket that is used for carrying food. (Pk).

T ́pɨkakákɨ ́nâ dúóó kurmân ɛnkɨkámpu peê anapíé. Place that maize flour in the basket for me so I can

carry it (=the maize) with it (=the basket). (Pk). Borrowed word: Swahili kikapu 'large flexible basket with wide open mouth'. See: ɛnkɨɔndɔ̂ ‘Basket’.

ɛn-k ́kárrɛ́t

Nom sg: ɛn-kɨkarrɛ́t. Acc pl: ɨn-k

́kárrɛta. Nom pl: ɨnkɨkárrɛta. n. 1 • Thorny branch for fencing, instrument for ́ fencing; fence. Ɨyaʉ́ ɨnk ́kárrɛta má ́kará ɔlpááshíé. Bring the fencing branches so that we can fence (the kraal). (Pk). 2 • [South] Thorn.

ɔl-k ́kárrɛ́t Thorn. Áatarâ ɔlkɨkarrɛ́t ɛnkɛjʉ́. My leg has been pierced by a thorn. (Pk). See: ol-pááshé; e-sitá ‘Fence’; kióni [South] ‘Fence’; úátá [North] ‘Fence’; n-kokó [North] ‘Fence’; ol-kikúêî ‘Thorn’.

ɔl-kɨkáʉ́

Nom sg: ɔl-k

́kāʉ̄. Acc pl: ɨl-kɨkaunót. Nom pl: ɨl-k ́kaunót. [North] Acc pl: l-kɨkawîn. [North] Nom pl: l-k ́kawîn. In some suffixed forms: kɨkáʉ́n. n. The first born boy, offspring. Ɛɨkáwūā ŋolé esíánkiki aíú ɔlkɨkáʉ́ lɛnyɛ́. The young bride gave birth yesterday to her first born boy. (Pk).

ɛn-kɨkáʉ́ First born girl. See: a-ɨkáʉ́ ‘To bear first child’; oldúŋórét ‘Last born child’.

ɛn-kɨkɛ́

Nom sg: ɛn-k

́kɛ̄. Acc pl: ɨn-kɨkɛ̂n. Nom pl: ɨn-k ́kɛn. n. 1 • [Purko] Type of plant, also known as esámpu enk ́kɛ̄. 2 • Toothbrush, made from a small branch from which part of the bark has been removed and the end frayed by chewing; small twig used to clean teeth (NOT a toothpick). See: ɔljɨpɛ́t ‘Toothbrush’.

ɛn-kɨkɛná [North] Nom sg: n-k ́kɛná. n. 1 • Counting. Óre ɛnkɨkɛná ɔɔ́ ltʉ́ŋánák náa ɔlkási lɔ́lɛ̄ Kótikash. The counting of people (=census-taking) is Kotikash's job. (W). 2 • [North] Mathematics. 3 • Number. See: a-ɨkɛ́n ‘To count’.

ɛn-k ́kɛ́narɛ

Nom sg: ɛn-kɨkɛ́narɛ. Acc pl: ɨn-kɨkɛnaritín. Nom pl: ɨn-

k ́kɛnaritín. n. Counting(s); accounting; mathematics; census.

Mɛ́nyɔ̂r oshî ɨlMaasá ́ ɛnk ́kɛ́narɛ ɔɔ́ nkíshú ɔlɛ́ mbáɛ Maasai do not like the counting of cows numerically. ɨkɛ́n ‘To count’.

ɛn-k ́kɛ́nátá

Nom sg: ɛn-kɨkɛnatá. n. 1 • Counting;

See: a-

enumeration of

items; taking of census. Ɛ́ ́d ́pâ ɨláshʉmpá ɛnk ́kɛ́nátá ɔɔ́ ltʉ́ŋáná pɔɔk ́ ɨlkɨtúaak ɔ́ lkʉt ́tɨk. The people different from traditional Maasai by dress and with acquired skills have finished the census of both old and young (people). (Pk). 2 • Number. See: a-ɨkɛ́n ‘To count’; e-síáná ‘Number’.

en-kíkénét

Nom sg: en-kikenét. Acc pl: in-kíkéneta. Nom pl: in-

kikéneta. n. Anything used for shutting, covering, or closing (eg. the door of a house, a bolt, lock, key, lid); Lid. Ɨncɔɔ́kɨ enkíkénét ɛ́nɛ̂ motí maikénie. Give me that lid so that I may close the pot with it. (Pk). See: e-síóote ‘Lid’; a-ikén ‘To close’.

en-kikilikúánarɛ n. Asking, questioning, instruction. ɛnɛɨkʉnári enkikilikúánarɛ Instruction to participants. en-kíkílíkúánata Nom sg: en-kikilikúánatá. Acc pl: en-kikilikuanát.

Ɛg ́ra n ́nyɛ ɨnâ kikilikúánatá awalá. That ́ question is getting answered. (Pk). Ɨncɔɔ ɛwálátá naɨd ́mʉ nɛna kikilikuanát ɛnyɛ́na. Give him an answer that will n. Question.

answer those questions of his. (Pk). See: a-likí ‘To tell’.

en-kikokúá [South]

Elbow. See: ol-oidólōl ‘Elbow’; laidélokî ‘Elbow’; ɛn-tákule ‘Forearm’; rʉbát ‘Elbow’.

ɛn-kɨkɔ́mpɛ

n. [South]

Variant: en-kikómpe. Nom sg: ɛn-k

́kɔmpɛ. Acc pl: in-

kikompení. Nom pl: in-kíkompení. n. Cup. Ɛtɨg ́lɛ enkíkompe. The cup was broken. (W). Borrowed word: Swahili kikompe 'cup'. Syn: ɛn-k ́yáí.

n-kíkórrí [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-kikorrí. n. [North]

dance of warriors.

The jumping

ol-kikúá [òlkìkwá] Nom sg: ol-kíkūā. Acc pl: il-kikúan. n. Sugarcane. Etóŋúá olkíkūā olêŋ. The sugar cane has rotted completely. (W). Ányɔ́rr atanyaála ilkikúan ánaaké. I like chewing sugar cane every day. (W). Etoŋwóíta ilkíkuan olêŋ. The sugar canes have rotted completely. (W). kĩɡũa 'sugar cane'. See: n-gas ́rɨm [North] ‘Sugarcane’. Borrowed word: Kikuyu

ol-kikúêî

[òlkìkwêy] Nom sg: ol-kíkuei. Acc pl: ɨl-kɨkʉ́. Nom pl: ɨl-k

́kʉ. [North] Acc sg: kʉkúâî. [kukwâî] [North] Nom sg: l-kúkuai. [North] Acc pl: l-kʉkʉ́. [North] Nom pl: l-kʉ́kʉ. [Chamus] Acc sg: kukwéi. n. 1 • Thorn, of any ́ ́ra ɔlpáyian aitainyé ɔlt ́dʉ olkikúêî tɛ type. Ɛg nkɛ́jʉ. The man is removing the thorn from his leg using a needle. (Pk). Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aitainyé inkɨkʉ́ ɔlpááshé. The man is making a fence from the thorny branches. (Pk). 2 • Pointed projection on an animal; pointlike spine. Kɛ́áta

enjolís ɨlkɨkʉ́ tɛ nkórioŋ. The

hedgehog has spines

on the back. (Pk). 3 • [North] Thorn branch.

en-kikúêî

Nom sg: en-

kíkuei. Acc pl: ɨn-kɨkʉ́. Nom pl: ɨn-k ́kʉ. [North] Acc pl: n-kʉkʉ́. Branch for fencing. Ɛg ́ra

ɔlpáyian ayaʉ́ ɨnkɨkʉ́ peê éíkánîê ɔlpááshíé. The man is bringing branches to close the fence.

(Pk). See: ɛn-kɨkarɛ́t ‘Thorn’; ɔl-pááshɛ́ ‘Fence, fencing branches’.

en-kíkúrrúkurr

Nom sg: en-kikurrúkurr. Acc pl: in-kikurrukurót. Nom

pl: in-kikurrukurót. [North] Acc sg: kíkúrrúkúrroto. n. Thunder,

́ ápʉk roaring of a lion, growling of a dog, rumbling. Ɛs enkikurrúkurr ɛ́nâ shán nashá ́ta. The thundering of the rain that has just stopped raining is great. See: aikurrukúrr ‘To thunder’; ɛn-dárátá ‘Thunder’.

en-kíkúrrúkúrroto

a-kíl

Nom sg: en-kikurrukúrroto. Acc pl: in-

kikurrukurrót. Nom pl: in-kíkurrukurrót. n. 1 • Growling. ikurrukur ‘To growl’. 2 • Rumbling. 3 • Thunder.

See: a-

make dull-witted, stupid; befuddle. akíl emuoyíán To be made dull-witted by sickness. v. 1 • To

make s.o. crazy about sth. akíl ɛnaishó To be stupified by alcohol. Syn: a-mɔ́d ‘To make stupid’. 2 • To

a-kiló To be stupid. See: ol-kílóí ‘Stupid person’. kíla quant. Every. Nɛ́ ́shɔrɨ kíla enkitók ɛsʉkári náyâ ɛnkají ɛnyɛ́. Every woman is given sugar which she will take to her

house.

ɛn-kɨlâ

Nom sg: ɛn-k

́lâ. Acc pl: ɨn-kɨlánī. Nom pl: ɨn-k ́laní. [North] Acc pl: nkɨlánī. [North] Nom pl: n-k ́laní. n. 1 • Cloth, garment. This is a generic word for clothing, which can refer to sheets, skin, a shirt, or trousers. Eishópó

ɛnkɛráí ɛnkɨlâ nairówūā amʉ̂ kɛ́ ́rɔ́b ̄. The child has put on a warm cloth because the weather is cold. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí

aishóp ɛnkɨlâ ɛnyɛ̂ sídáí. The child is

wearing his best shirt. (Pk). 2 • [North] Small garment, traditionally goatskin.

ɔl-kɨlâ

1 • Large

skin used for traditional rituals; cloak. This cloak is made by women from goat skin, and is worn by boys during circumcision. It is made black by charcoal. After they are done with it, the women dye it red and wear it as a "cloth". 2 • [North] Cloak made of skin, esp. a large blanket-sized one, used by both men and women.

ɛn-kɨlâ kɨt ́ Small cloth worn under ɔlkáráshá. A man ties this on one shoulder, differently from a woman. See: ɔlkáráshá ‘Clothing’; ɛn-ánká ‘Clothing’; ɔl-ɔ́kɛ́sɛ́na ‘Loincloth’.

ɛn-kɨlâ ɔɔ́ ndéérrî

n.prop. Special

colobus monkey hide.

n-kɨlacá [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-k

See: ɛn-kɨlashá ‘Pride’.

n-k ́lágátá [North]

[North] ‘To retch’.

ɛn-k ́láŋɛ́t

ceremonial skin robe made from

n. [North]

́lacá. n. [North] Showing off.

Vomiting a bit, retching.

Nom sg: ɛn-kɨlaŋɛ́t. Acc pl: in-k

See: a-ɨlág

́láŋ ́láŋɛ́t. Nom pl: in-

kɨlaŋ ́laŋɛt. n. Lamp. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkilaŋɛ́t aɨtawáŋ ɛnkají. The lamp is making the house bright. (Pk). See: ɔl-táa ‘Lamp’; aɨláŋ ‘To scorch, shine’.

ɔl-k ́láŋ ́láŋɛ́t

́láŋ ́láŋɛta. n. Sth. to light up an area with; lamp, candle, torch, lantern, light. See: a-ɨláŋ ‘To illuminate’.

en-kilási1

[North] Nom sg: l-kɨlaŋɨlaŋɛ́t. [North] Acc pl: l-k

Nom sg: en-kílasi. Variant: en-kilasí. Acc pl: in-kilásiní.

(PK). Nom pl: in-kílasiní. n. 1 • Class. Kálóíto enkilási. I am going to class. Variant: in-kilasiní

grade, level in school. Ɛ́ ́dá ɛnkáyíóní inkilasiní uní. The boy has skipped Standard 3. (ie. He took Standard 2 and Standard 4.). Kálóíto enkilasí euní tɛldɛ̂ árî. I am going to Standard Three next year. Etymology: < English 2 • Standard,

'class'.

ɛn-kilási2

n. Glass.

Ɨncɔɔ́kɨ ɛndâ kilási matoókie ɛnkárɛ́.

Give me that glass that I may drink water with it. (Pk). Etymology: < English 'glass'.

ɛn-kɨlashá Nom sg: ɛn-k ́lashá. n. Pride. Á ́sápʉk ɛnk ́lashá ɛlɛ̂ tʉŋáni ɔŋ ́dâ. The pride of this haughty man is great. (Pk). See: a-ɨlásh ‘To

show pride, be arrogant’; ɛ-ŋ ́da ‘Pride’; olwuasá ‘Arrogance’.

l-k ́lɛ́ɛŕ [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-kɨlɛɛ́r. n. [North]

Giant rat (male).Nom sg: Cricetomys emini. See: n-jɨr ́ [North] ‘Giant rat (female)’.

L-kílékúí [North] [North] Nom pl: L-k

1921.

ol-kileléŋi

[North] Nom sg: L-kilekúí. [North] Acc pl: L-kɨlɛkʉ́.

́lɛkʉ́. n. Usage: plural. [North] Age-set initiated in

Nom sg: ol-kíleléŋi. Acc pl: il-kileléŋ. Nom pl: il-kíleleŋ. n.

Dung balls that are roughly spherical or rounded, and wellformed; from goat, sheep, giraffe, warthog, dik-dik, camel.

Átóduaa olkileléŋi lé nkérr tɛ

muatatá. I have seen a spherical dung ball from a sheep in the fold. See: inkíík ‘Faeces’.

ol-kileléŋi

[North] Nom sg: l-

kíleléŋi. [North] Acc pl: lkɨlɛlɛ́ŋ. [North] Nom pl: lk ́lɛlɛ́ŋ. n. 1 • Dung of sheep, goats. 2 • Drop, drip, small quantity.

n-kileléo [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-kíleléo. [North] Acc pl: n-kileleoní.

[North] Nom pl: n-kíleleoní. n. [North]

n-kɨlɛ́m ́lɛm [Chamus]

Crab.

Loud, spoken "noise" that persists. See: a-ɨlɛpɨlɛ́p ‘To make noise’.

ɔl-k ́lɛnyâî

n. [Chamus]

́lɛnya. Nom pl: ɨl-k ́lɛ́nya. n. General time for any flexible plant.Flexible plant that needs support; vine, climber.

ɛn-k ́lɛ́pátá

Nom sg: ɔl-kɨlɛnyáí. Acc pl: ɨl-k

1 • Rising;

Nom sg: ɛn-kɨlɛpatá. Acc pl: ɨn-kɨlɛpát. Nom pl: ɨn-k

́lɛpat. n.

going up. 2 • A private meeting for the purpose of coming to agreement about what is going to be said or presented in a larger meeting. See: en-kílépúnotó ‘Rising towards’; a-ɨlɛ́p ‘To climb’.

k ́lɛ́pɔrɛ [North] See: a-ɨlɛ́p ‘To

en-kílépúnotó

adj. [North]

climb’.

With backwards pointing horns.

Nom sg: en-kilepúnotó. Acc pl: in-kilepunót. Nom pl: in-

kílepunót. n. Rising toward the point of reference. enkílépúnotó ɛ́ nkɔlɔ́ŋ The rising of the sun. See: a-ɨlɛ́p ‘To climp’.

l-kílérua [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-kilérua. [North] Acc pl: l-kilerwaní.

[North] Nom pl: l-kíleruaní. n. [North] percnopterus. Etymology: < Yaaku.

Egyptian vulture.

Neophron

ol-kílérrūā

Nom sg: ol-kilérrūā. Acc pl: il-kilerruaní. Nom pl: il-

kílerruaní. [North] Acc sg: n-kilíru. n. Type of meat-eating bird; hawk. Átóduaa olkílérūā ɔɨnɔs ́ta inkírí. I have seen a meat-eating bird eating meat. (Pk). See: ol-kípélūā ‘Bird sp.’.

n-kiletó [North]

Cry of horror, astonishment, praise, etc. See: a-ilét ‘To show wonder, amazement’.

n-kílíáát [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-kíletó. n. [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-kiliaát. [North] Acc pl: n-kiliaatí.

[North] Nom pl: n-kíliaatí. n. [North]

species.

ol-kílíáí

Small green desert lizard

Nom sg: ol-kiliáí. Acc pl: il-kilianí. Nom pl: il-kílianí. n.m. New

initiate, just after the period of seclusion. Eétuo lɛlɔ̂ kílianí áaok kʉlɛ́. Those new initiates (young warriors) have come to drink milk. (W).

ɔl-kɨlɨkúâî

́lɨkúâî. Acc pl: ɨl-kɨlɨkʉ́. Nom pl: ɨl-k ́l ́kʉ. [West] Nom pl: ɨl-k ́lɨkʉ́. [North] Nom pl: il-kilikúai. [North] Nom pl: l-k ́lɨkʉ́. n. 1 • Message. Ánótō olkilikúâî ójô peê aló âŋ. I got a message that says I should go home. (Pk). Sidaîn lɛlɔ́ k ́lɨkʉ́. Those messages are good. (W). 2 • Messenger. See: e-límúnotó; e-líkínotó ‘Message’; a-ɨrɨʉ́ ‘To send’.

en-kílintâ

Nom sg: ɔl-k

Nom sg: en-kílintâ. Acc pl: in-kilinaní. Nom pl: in-kílinaní.

Variant: in-kilintaní. [Purko] Nom pl: in-kílintaní. n. Little

digit: little

finger, little toe. Ɛŕ á oshî inkílintaní oó lkimojík lɔɔ́ nkáík oó nkɛjɛ́k oŋúán. The little digits of the hands and of the feet add up to four. Áayá kʉná kílintaní. These little fingers/toes hurt me. (W). See: mógirra ‘Thumb’; nénkultóldia ‘Little finger’.

n-kilíp [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-kílip. [North] Acc pl: n-kilipîn. [North]

Nom pl: n-kílipîn. n. [North]

Small wooden calabash with a cuplid, used for milking. A bride carries this calabash on her back, filled with milk, on her wedding day. Etymology: Yaaku killip.

n-kilíriu [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-kíliriu. [North] Acc pl: n-kiliriuní. n.

[North] Black kite (bird).

n-kilíru [North]

Milvus migrans.

Nom sg: n-kílirú. n. [North]

lɛ́nkālɛ̄m ‘Hawk’.

ɔl-k ́l ́yáí

Hawk.

See: lɔ-

Nom sg: ɔl-kɨlɨyáí. Acc pl: ɨl-kɨlɨyaní. Nom pl: ɨl-k

́lɨyaní. n.

Young warrior who has just joined warriorhood. Ebóíta ɔlkɨlɨyá ́ ó lmóríjóí ti aúluo. The young warrior who has just joined warriorhood and the senior warrior are together outside the kraal. (Pk). See: ol-óshóróí; ol-ŋéétíáí ‘Senior warrior’; ol-móríjóí ‘Older person, senior warrior’; ɔl-barnóti ‘Young man’.

ol-kílóí

Acc pl: il-kílo. Nom sg: ol-kilóí. Nom pl: il-kílô. n. Stupid

person. Syn: ɔl-mɔ́dáí ‘Fool, stupid person’. See: a-kíl; a-mɔ́d ‘To make stupid’.

ol-kílórití

Nom sg: ol-kilírotí. Acc pl: ɨl-k

́lɔrɨt. Nom pl: ɨl-k ́lɔ́rɨt. n. 1 • Acacia tree species; Egypitan thorn-acacia. acacia nilotica, acacia arabica, acacia abyssinica kirkii. Mol (1996:61) states that the bark of this tree is placed in water which is drunk after slaughtering and eating meat, in order to help digestion. Also, when a person is sick with venereal disease s/he is given a medicine from the root of this plant together with e-súnyáí, fat from the chest of a sheep. 2 • Place name for several places where this acacia tree grows: eg. southeast of Siana-Meguarra, Narok District; a place about 10 km south of Kajiado town along the Nairobi-Namanga road.

n-kɨlʉ́rátá [North] n. [North] Sleep. lɛ-k ́ma [North] n. [North] Vapor that appears on the ground

surface when the day is hot. Note: In W, Lɛk ́ma is a common proper name: Meyíólo Lɛ́kɨma enkínósúnotó ɔɔ́ lomón. 'Lekima doesn't know how to deliver the message.' See: ɛn-k ́má ‘Cooking fire’; ol-oikúluo ‘Vapor’.

ɔl-k ́ma

Nom sg: ɔl-k

́mâ. Acc pl: ɨl-k ́maai. Nom pl: ɨl-kɨmáai. n. 1 • [West] Black ape species with long tail, about the size of a cat or bigger; with wite or red spots on the face and sometimes

around the arm. In W (at least around Enoosain) this is not a general term or 'ape', nor does it designate a baboon, but designates a different specific ape species. Mol identifies it as 'blue monkey'. cercopithecus mitis Wolff. Ɛáta ɨlɔ́ k ́mâ olkidoŋóí ɔ́ɔd ́ ɔ́. That ape (sp.) has a long tail. (W). Ɛrɔ́ɔk ́ lɛlɔ́ kɨmáai. Those apes (sp.) are black. (W). 2 • [South] Baboon. Borrowed word: Swahili kima 'baboon'.

ɛn-k ́ma Female ape (sp.). See: ɔ-ɛ́kɛny ‘Baboon’. ɛn-k ́má Nom sg: ɛn-k ́ma. Acc pl: ɨn-k ́máítie. Nom pl: ɨn-kɨmaitíé. n. 1 • Fire; cooking fire. Kéírówua ɛ́naa ɛnk ́má. It is as hot as fire. Ɛg ́ra ɛnk ́ma ashʉ́rt ɛnkɔ́p. The fire is destroying the land. (Pk). 2 • [North] Warmth.

ɛn-k ́má naɨjʉkʉ́jʉk Coal fire. ɔl-áŋat lɛ́ nk ́má Syn: ɛn-kulúo ‘Fire’. Flames. k ́ma ɔ́ŋʉ Acc pl: ɨn-ɔɔ́ k ́ma ɔ́ŋʉ. Nom sg: k ́ma ɔ́ŋʉ. Nom pl: ɨn-ɔ́ɔ k ́ma ɔ́ŋʉ. [North] Acc sg: l-k ́má ɔ́ŋʉ. n. Bushbaby (lit: of fiery eye); galago. ? Galago senagalensis. See: ɛn-k ́má ‘Fire’; ɔŋʉ́ ‘Eye’.

ɔl-kɨmág

Nom sg: ɔl-k

́mág. Acc pl: ɨl-kɨmág. Nom pl: ɨl-k ́mág. n.m. Deceased old, ancient man; whose life had been fully lived. Ɛt́ ʉ́nʉ́káyiokí ɔlkɨmág ɛnká ́ ɔlɔ́ŋ. The deceased old man was burried the other day. (Pk). When a man dies, he is no longer called by name but may be referred to by this term. The term is not used for children who have died. See: ɛn-taŋátaŋâ ‘Deceased old woman’; ɔl-kɨmá ́ta ‘Deceased elderly man’.

l-kɨmagí [North]

́magí. [North] Acc pl: l-kɨmág. [North] Nom pl: l-k ́mag. n. [North] Ancestor. See: ɔl-akúí ‘Ancestory’.

ɔl-kɨmá ́ta

[North] Nom sg: l-k

Nom sg: ɔl-k

́maɨta. Acc pl: ɨl-kɨmaɨtaní. Nom pl: ɨl-k ́maɨtaní. [North] Acc sg: l-kimáíta. [North] Nom sg: l-kímaita. [North] Acc pl: lkimaitaní. [North] Nom pl: l-kímaitaní. n. Usage: Respectful. Deceased elderly man; perhaps died at 60 years of age or beyond, but

with a family (who the society considers married); in some sense the death is still untimely. Ɛshɔmɔ̂ iláyiok áadɔl ɔlkɨmaɨtá otoíwūō amʉ̂ etúá. The sons have gone to see their elderly father because he is dead. (Pk).

ɛn-kɨmá ́ta [North] Dead old woman. See: ɛ-masáɨtá ‘Deceased man in prime of life’; ɛn-taŋátaŋâ ‘Deceased old woman (closest female counterpart to head word; for km/PK)’; ɛndɔ́rrɔ́p sésên ‘Deceased young woman’; ɔlá ́mówúárani ‘Deceased uncircumcised boy’.

L-kɨmanɨk ́ ́ [North]

[North] Acc pl: L-k

n-kɨmɛ́ɛn ́ tɛ̂ [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-k

́mán ́kɨ. [North] Nom pl: Lkɨman ́kɨ. n. [North] Age set initiated in 1948. ́mɛɛntɛ̂. [North] Acc pl: nkɨmɛɛntɛní. [North] Nom pl: n-k ́mɛɛntɛní. n. [North] Warrior's leather beaded belt.

en-kímeita

Nom sg: en-kimeitá. Acc pl: in-kimeitaní. Nom pl: in-

en-kíméító

Nom sg: en-kimeitó. Acc pl: in-kimék. Nom pl: in-kimék. n.

kímeitaní. [North] Acc sg: n-kɨmɛ́ɛntɛ̂. n.f. Decorated bead belt worn by women and girls to hold up the lower skirt. In W, the term especially refers to the triangular arrangement of beads on the belt. ́nâ kímeita that belt (W). See: en-kitatí ‘Belt’. White pus, ripe (with) pus. Eyímūā inkimék ɔlbáɛ lɛ́ nkayíóni. White, ripe pus is oozing out from the wound of a boy. (Pk). See: ol-gúsa ‘Ripe pus’; ol-p ́lɛ; ɔ-sáróí ‘Unripe pus’.

n-kɨmɛ́k [North] [North] Nom sg: n-k ́mɛk. n. [North] Pus. kɨm ́la Nom sg: k ́mɨla. Acc pl: ɨn-kɨmɨlaritín. Nom pl: ɨn-k ́mɨlaritín. n. Tradition, culture, what is done traditionally. naátumó áaɨrɔ kɨm ́la that meet to talk about (their) traditions (D). Sídáí k ́mɨla ɛ́nyɛ. His tradition is good. (W). Borrowed word: Swahili. ol-kimojíno Nom sg: ol-kímojíno. Acc pl: ɨl-kimojík. Nom pl: il-kímojik. [North] Acc sg: kʉmojínoo. [North] Acc pl: l-kumojík. [Chamus] Acc sg: kʉmoj

́noo. [North] Acc sg: l-kimojínoo,. [North] Nom sg: lkímojínoô. [North] Acc pl: l-kimojík. [North] Nom pl: l-kúmojík. n. Digit;

finger, toe. Cows, dogs, lions don't have this. Primates and people do. Áatuduŋó oltúpâ olkimojíno. A piece of glass has cut my finger. (Pk). Óre pɔɔk ́ kimojíno nɛ́ɛta oloisótoô. Every finger/toe has a nail. (Pk).

en-kimojíno Small toe or finger. See: nénkimojínoô ‘Sickness that affects the fingers making them swell’.

ɔl-kɨmɔsɔ́rɔ́g

́mɔsɔ́rɔ́g. Acc pl: il-kimosorogí. Nom pl: ilkímosorogí. n. Oryx. See: n-kupósorog [North] ‘Oryx’.

ol-kímpáí

Nom sg: ɔl-k

Nom sg: ol-kimpáí. Acc pl: il-kímpa. Nom pl: il-kímpâ. [Purko]

Acc pl: il-kimpân. [Purko] Nom pl: il-kimpân. [West] Acc pl: ɨl-k

́mpaai.

́mpáai. n. 1 • Tsetse fly. Kɛ́yɛ́k ̄ ɔlkimpáí inkíshú ɛnkásíléí. Tsetse fly transmit trypanosomiasis to cows. (Pk). [West] Nom pl: ɨl-k

of large fly. Eitágórīshō kʉlɔ́ kímpáai olêŋ. These flies are very annoying. (W). The fly is ŋirô in color and likes to bite cows' tails until the tail is gone. It does not make the animal sick beyond messing up the skin. The fly can bite people, causing a small rash, but not enough to cause one to consult a doctor. See: ɛnk-ásíléí ‘Tsetse fly’; sanampûr ‘Tsetse fly’. 2 • Type

ɔl-k ́na

Nom sg: ɔl-k

́nâ. Acc pl: ɨl-k .́ Nom pl: ɨl-k .̂ n. 1 • Breast (of a woman); teat (of an animal). Kɛ́y ́mʉ ɔlk ́na lɛ́ nk ́tɛ́ŋ óíjie kʉ́lɛ. The teat(s) of a cow that has just calved releases milk. (Pk). Káamê ɔrk ́nâ lɛ́tatené olêŋ. My right breast is very painful. entítō bótór o ɛnkɨt ́ títō nanak ́ta ɔlk ́na an older girl and a young girl still suckling her mother's breast. Ɛnak ́ta ɛnkɛrá ́ ɔlk ́na lɛ́ ŋɔ́tɔ́nyɛ́. The child is sucking her/his mother's breast. Ɨlk ́ oshí oŋúan óotíī ɛnyɛ́wá ɛ́ nk ́tɛ́ŋ náa aárɛ oótii ɛnɛ́ nkíné. The udder of a cow always has four teats and a goat has two. (Pk). Ɛɛ́ta inkíshu árɛ ɨlk ́ ísíêt. The teats of two cows are eight. (Pk). 2 • Man's or woman's nipple. Etymology: Proto-Ongamo-Maa *-kɪna,

from Proto-Eastern Nilotic

*-kɪn- 'breast(s) of woman' (Vossen 1989:196),

*kɯn 'breast or chest, milk (v.)' (Bender 1996:85) or Proto-Nilo Saharan root *akó, *kó (Ehret 2001:477). from Proto-Core

ɛn-k ́na

1•A

special form of address to a loved one, eg. a relative. Usage: affectionate. 2 • A small breast.

a-ɨbɔ́r k ́na To no longer lactate (as when the calf is fully grown and the cow is no longer able to give a lot of milk) (lit: to have a white breast). See: ɛ-nyáwá ‘Udder, breasts’.

n-kinagí e morú [North] [North] ‘Duiker’.

k ́ndas [North]

[North] Nom sg: k

area around the fire.

en-kíné

n. [North]

Duiker.

See: n-kisín

́ndâs. n.f. [North] Women's work

Nom sg: en-kíne. Acc pl: in-kinejí. Nom pl: in-kínējī. [North] Nom

female goat. Ɛlóítō enkíne aók ɛnkárɛ̄. The goat is going to drink water. Emúéí ená kíne. This goat is sick. See: ɨntaré ‘Young sheep and goats’. pl: l-kínejí. n. Goat;

ol-kíné

1 • Castrated

male goat. A castrated he-goat is considered equivalent in value to a male calf that has just been weaned. See: a-lák 'to compensate'. See: ɔl-ɔ́rɔ ‘He-goat, billy-goat’. 2 • [North] Rufous chatterer. Argya rubiginosa.

in-kinjerei

n.pl. Flocks

of goats.

kiní

Nom sg: kíni. Acc pl: kunínī. Nom pl: kúniní. [North] Acc pl: kuníni. adj.

Little.

en-kiní

one, little amount. Mɛáta lɛ́ɛ ̂ ɨkiní. There is no small man. (S). Sídáí enkíni tókî. The little ́ thing is good. (W). Ɨncɔɔ́ kɨ enkiní shúmpi. Give me a little bit of salt. (W). Usage: In W en-kiní is not used for animate referents, while kinyí is.. See: kinyí ‘Little one’. adj.quant. Little

en-kíníníŋore

Nom sg: en-kininíŋore. Acc pl: en-kíníníŋoto. Nom

pl: en-kininíŋoto??. n. 1 • Listening.

2 • Spying. Usage: informal. Ɛshɔmɔ́

ilayiok enkíníníŋore

peê étɨm áatupurusho. The boys have gone to spy so that they could go and steal. (Pk). See: a-ininiŋishó ‘To listen’.

l-kínoi [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-kinóí. [North] Acc pl: l-kíno. [North] Nom

pl: l-kínó. n. [North]

il-Kinopóp

Plant sp. whose fruit is edible.

Lannea alata.

of Kinopop; Mol describes this as a collective name for the il-Purko, ilKeekonyokie, and il-Damat Maasai. Némījō peê eyioló ɔltʉ́ŋání lé Kinopóp entóki najî ɛmbálelo. There is no way a Kinopop person will know sth. called Embalelo. 2 • Kinopop region; famous area of circumcision ceremonies among the Maasai.

ɔl-kɨnɔ́s

Nom sg: il-Kínopôp. n.prop. 1 • People

Nom sg: ɔl-k

́nɔs. Acc pl: il-kinosîn. Nom pl: il-kínosîn. n. 1 • Crocodile. Átódūāā ɔlkɨnɔ́s tɛ nkaló ɔ́ lkɛjʉ́. I have seen a crocodile at the river bank. (Pk). 2 • Dangerous animal that can eat s.o. (eg. lion, leopard, crocodile, dog); carnivore. This could not refer to a buffalo or elephant; though they can destroy a person, they would not eat a person. It would be odd to use this in the feminine form, as that would belittle sth. supposedly dangerous. See: a-ɨnɔ́s ‘To eat’; olkinyáŋ ‘Crocodile’.

ɛn-k ́nɔ́sátá

Nom sg: ɛn-kɨnɔsatá. Acc pl: kɨnɔsát. n. Message,

story

telling. This involves at least two people talking together, where one participant expects to hear sth. from another who knows more. See: en-kínósúnotó ‘Telling’; a-ɨnɔ́s ‘To eat’.

en-kínósúnotó

Nom sg: en-kinosúnotó. Acc pl: kinosunót. n. 1 • Telling

(of news); manner of telling (lit: eating). Áísīdāī enkinosúnotó ɔ́ɔ lɔmɔ́n ɛ́ldɛ tʉŋáni. That man's telling of news is fine. (Pk). Meyíólo Lɛ́kɨma ɛndâ kínósúnotó ɔɔ́ lomón. Lekima doesn't know how to deliver that message. (W). See: ɛn-k ́nɔ́sátá ‘Message’. while moving toward the point of reference. Tápala enkínósúnotó ɔ́ lŋanayíói ɨg ́ra alotú. Stop the eating of fruits as you come this way. (Pk). See: a-ɨnɔ́s ‘To eat’. 2 • Eating

ɛn-kɨnʉkʉ́

́nʉkʉ́. Acc pl: ɨn-kɨnʉkʉ̂n. Nom pl: ɨn-k ́nʉ́kʉ̂n. [West] Acc pl: ɨn-kɨnʉkʉ́. [West] Nom pl: ɨn-k ́nʉkʉ́. [North] Acc sg: nkʉnʉkʉ́. n. Fog, mist. M ́ndɨm atodúaa ɛnɛlákúáá tenétií ɛnk ́nʉkʉ́. You cannot see far if there is fog. (Pk). Tɔrrɔ́k kʉnɑ́ k ́nʉkʉ́. These fogs are bad. (W).

ɔl-kɨnʉkʉ́

Nom sg: ɛn-k

Usage: rare. A

big fog. See: ol-oikúluo ‘Heat-haze, vapour’; ɛ-rʉkɛnyɛ́ ‘Mist, fog’; a-nʉ́k ‘To cover’; kúlúncú ‘Fog’; nairumpé ‘Fog’; ɛ́m-pásô ‘Low-lying rain clouds that normally look like mist’; ɛn-cán ‘Rain’.

a-k ́ny [Chamus]: kɨnyá. v.prog. 1 • To peel (fruit); strip bark off a tree. Ɛk ́ny ́ta. He is peeling it. (W). Ɛg ́ra ɛnkáyíóní ak ́ny ɔlŋanayíói. The boy is peeling a fruit. (Pk). See: a-k ́j [North] ‘To peel’; a-mʉgʉ́l [North] ‘To skin’. 2 • To uncover or unwrap by peeling off a layer of sth. tightly attached to an object. Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât ak ́ny ɛ́nɛ́yā ɛnkɛ́ráí. The woman is uncovering the wound of the child. (Pk). Ɛg ́ra Lérionka ak ́ny esandúku natíī sáwadi ɛ́nyɛ. Lerionka is unwrapping the box that contains his present. (W) [sáwadi = borrowing]. See: a-ból ‘To open,

uncover’.

disinherit, disown. Ɛg ́ra olmórúo ak ́ny ɔlayíóni lɛnyɛ́. The man is disinheriting his son. (Pk). See: a-júŋ ‘To inherit’. 3 • To

en-kínyâ inkík

Nom sg: en-kínya

inkík. Acc pl: in-kínyâ inkík. Nom pl: in-kínya inkík. [West] Acc sg: ol-kinya-nkík. [West] Acc pl: il-kinyankík. n. Vulture (lit: the one that eats faeces). Ɛ́ ́nɔ́sá idíá kínya inkík empópok. That vulture ate the carcass. This bird is black with a red neck, about the size of a turkey, and likes to eat rotten things. See: légéí; sákérí; ol-kílérrua; ol-múntút ‘Vulture’.

e-nanya-nkík Female vulture. See: nányâ nkík ‘Vulture’. en-kínyâ lasúriaa Nom sg: en-kínyâ llasúriaa. Acc pl: ɨn-k ́nyâ

lasúriaa. Nom pl: ɨn-k ́nyâ lásúriaa. n. 1 • [North] Heron (lit: the one that eats snakes). 2 • Bird species that eats snakes, is of color ŋirô, about 10-12 inches high, without long legs; appears somewhat like a hawk or eagle.

n-kínyáncúrr [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-kinyancúrr. [North] Acc pl: n-

kinyancurrí. [North] Nom pl: n-kínyancurrí. n. [North] Hyrax, dassie. Hyracoidea.

en-kínyanyî

Nom sg: en-kínyanyî. Acc pl: in-kínyāny. Nom pl: in-

kinyány. n. 1 • Muscle, tendon. Átúdúŋúó ɛnâ kínyanyî tɛ nk ́tɛŋ kɨyɛŋɨshɔ́. I cut this muscle of the cow while slaughtering. (W). Átúdúŋúó kʉnâ kínyāny tɔ lk ́tɛŋ kɨyɛŋɨshɔ́. I cut these muscles of the ox while slaughtering. (W). Kégól enkínyanyî ɛ́ldɛ k ́tɛ́ŋ olêŋ. The muscle of that ox is very strong. (W). Kégól inkinyány ɛ́ldɛ k ́tɛ́ŋ olêŋ. The muscles of that ox are very strong. (W). Káagôl inkinyány áinêî olêŋ. My muscles are very strong. (W). 2 • [North] A tendon inside the back of the neck.

ol-kinyáŋ

Nom sg: ol-kínyāŋ. Acc pl: il-kinyaŋîn. Nom pl: il-kínyaŋîn.

[North] Acc sg: l-kinyâŋ,

l-kinyáŋ. [North] Acc pl: l-kinyaŋí. [North] Nom pl: l-kínyaŋîn. n. Crocodile. Árruoni olkínyāŋ olêŋ. The crocodile is dangerous. (W). ilkinyaŋîn ɔááre two crocodiles (W). See: ɔl-kɨnɔ́s ‘Crocodile’. Etymology: *-ki-ɲaŋ (Vossen 1982).

en-kinyaŋá

1 • Trade.

Nom sg: en-kínyaŋá. [Purko] Acc sg: en-kinyiaŋá. n.sg.

Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aɨtagól enkinyiaŋá ɛ́ nk ́tɛ́ŋ. The man is hiking the price of the cow. (Pk). Etíī shúmátá enkínyaŋá ɔ́ɔ nkíshú táatá. The price of cows is high 2 • Price.

these days. (W). See: a-ɨnyáŋ ‘To buy’.

ɛn-kɨnyátɨ

́nyatɨ. Acc pl: ɨn-kɨnyát. Nom pl: ɨn-kɨnyát. n. 1 • Peel (of a tree or fruit). The smooth enkɨnyátɨ of a young tree can be used for making rope. In (s), the tree must be small. andá kɨnyátɨ That peel. 2 • Pealed-off skin (eg. resulting from illness or dryness); scab. See: ɛnk-abobóki ‘Piece of bark’.

ol-kinyêî

Nom sg: ɛn-k

Nom sg: ol-kínyei. Acc pl: il-kinyény. Nom pl: il-kinyény. n.

Type of big tree with leaves about two inches long. Tɛ́rɛwa

inkíshú atûâ lɛ́kwa kinyény amʉ̂ sápʉk ɔlkʉjɨtá. kinyí

[lɛ̀kwà] Take cows to those kinyény trees because the grass is long there. (W).

Nom sg: kínyi. Acc pl: kunyínyī. Nom pl: kúnyinyí. [South] Acc sg: kiní.

adj. 1 • Little.

This could apply to a car that is small in size, or to a debt that is small in amount. It could designate a young child, but could not be used to refer to an elderly person, for example, who is small in size. 2 • Young. Restrict: animate. Ádámʉ́

ɔpá árá entítō kinyí. I

remember when I was a little girl. (A). See: kɨt ;́ en-kiní ‘Little’; ɔt ́ ‘Young’; dɔ́rrɔ́p ‘Small’.

n-kínyíáncúr [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-kínyíáncúr. [North] Acc pl: n-

kinyiancurrí. [North] Nom pl: n-kínyiancurrí. n. [North] Hyrax.

n-kínyíáncúr oó l-keék [North] [North] Bush hyrax. n-kínyíáncúr oó soitó [North] [North] Rock hyrax. l-kinyíáŋ [North] [North] Nom sg: l-kínyiang'. n. [North] Crocodile. n-k ́ny ́gata [North] n. [North] Hiccup. See: a-ɨny ́g ‘To hiccup’; ayíóg ‘To hiccup’.

ɛn-kɨnyɨny ́rɛ́t

́nyɨnɨirɛ́t. [North] Acc sg: n-kɨnyɨny ́rɛ́t. Variant: n-kinyinyéret. [North] Nom sg: k ́nyɨny ́rɛt. n. 1 • Sweat (of humans). Ká ́tɛ́ ́ta nkinyinyéret. I am sweating. (lit: I am removing sweat.) (SN). 2 • [North] Hard work towards some goal.

ɛn-k ́nyɔ́ɔt́

Nom sg: ɛn-k

Nom sg: ɛn-kɨnyɔɔ́t. [North] Acc sg: k

́nyɔ́ɔt́ . [North] Nom sg: kɨnyɔɔ́t. n.sg. Prolonged type of sickness characterised by reduction in body weight, general fatique, running of nose and eyes, loss of appetite, and diarrhoea; mostly in animals. Generally any kind of prolonged sickness is referred to as ɛnk ́nyɔ́ɔt́ , especially one that do not respond well to treatment.

k ́ŋá Of s.o. else; foreigner, foreignness; outsider. Éníŋ sirirí k ́ŋá. The foreigner hears straight/properly. (ie., Be careful

what you say, because you don't know who is next to you, and that person might understand the foreign language you think they don't know.). See: ɛ- ́kɨŋa ‘Foreigner, foreignness’.

ɛn-kɨŋarrá

[North] Nom sg: n-k

ɛn-kɨŋasíá

Nom sg: ɛn-k

́ŋarrá. n. Many people beating a single individual; assistance in a fight.

́ŋasíá. n.sg. Strange, unusual, awesome thing; a wonder; miracle. Kéúlu apá ɛnɛ́ nkɨŋasíá. He was an interesting glutton. (lit: He was a glutton of a wonder.). See: aɨŋasíá ‘To wonder at, be amazed’.

ɔl-kɨŋɛsʉ́

Nom sg: ɔl-k

́ŋɛsʉ́. Acc pl: ɨl-kɨŋɛsɨn. Nom pl: ɨl-k ́ŋɛ̄sɨn. n. A gap where several teeth are missing (knocked out or didn't grow), usually in the front. Syn: e-nyílás ‘Unintentional gap in teeth’. See: ɔl-ŋársíé ‘Gap in teeth’; l-ŋárísé [North] ‘Gap in upper teeth’.

en-kíŋórúnotó

Nom sg: en-kiŋorúnotó. Acc pl: in-kiŋɔrunót. Nom

pl: in-kíŋorunot. n. Search,

finding. Ɛshɔmɔ́ dúóó

nóoyieyîô enkínɔrúnotó ɔɔ́ lkɛɛ́k lɛ́ nk ́má. Mothers have gone searching for firewood. (W).

l-k ́ŋúáyá [North]

Variant: l-kʉ́ŋúáyá. [North] Nom sg: l-kʉŋuayá. n.

[North] Dragonfly; appears around the time of the OctoberDecember rains.

n-kiŋuaya tʉ́mʉ́r ́n [North] Merops. [North] Bee-eater. n-kíóndô [North] [North] Acc sg: kɨɛndɔ. [West] Nom sg: k ́ɔndɔ. [West] Acc pl: in-kiondoní. [West] Nom pl: kíondoní. [North] Nom sg: n-kíondô. n. 1 • Basket. 2 • Bag.

3 • [North]

Small skin bag. Borrowed word: Kikuyu ciondo, kĩondo 'basket'. See: ɛn-kikápu ‘Basket’; ɛ-mɔɔndɔ̂ ‘Basket’; ɛntʉtʉ́a ‘Basket’; ɛn-dam [South] ‘Basket’.

kióni [South]

úátá ‘Fence’.

kíook

n. [South]

Fence.

See: ol-pááshíé; ɛn-kɨkarrɛtá; e-sitá;

Nom sg: kíóok. Acc pl: in-kíookí. [Purko] Nom sg: kíóôk. [West] Acc

sg: en-kióo. [West] Nom sg: en-kíóo. [West] Acc pl: in-kiooní. [West] Nom pl: in-kíooní. n. Mirror.

Míkíntóki adál téínâ kíóôk. Don't

keep reflecting with that mirror at me (ie. the light from the mirror is disturbing me). Ɛbɛ́la inkíooní. Mirriors break. (W). Borrowed word: Swahili kioo 'piece of glass'.

en-kíook

Nom sg: en-kíóok. Acc pl: in-kíyīāā. Nom pl: in-kíyiaá. [West] Acc

sg: in-kííyāā. [Chamus] Acc sg: kéok. [North] Acc sg: n-kíyɔk. [North] Nom sg: n-k

́yɔ̂k. [North] Acc pl: n-kiyáa. [North] Nom pl: n-kíyaá. n. 1 • Ear, of animal or human. Kéúdo ɨlMáásâ ̂ inkíyiaá. Maasai people have their ears pierced. Syn: ɛnk-alʉ́ɛn ́ a ‘Ear’. See: enkulalé; márórōī; e-niŋét ‘Ear’. understanding. Tábolo inkííyāā inónók; máíniŋinó oróréí lɛ́ nKáí. Open your ears; let's listen to the word of God. (W). 2 • Awareness,

3 • Handle

ol-kíook

of a cup.

[North] Acc sg: l-k

́yɔk. [North] Nom sg: l-k ́yɔ̂k. [North] Acc pl: lkiyáa. [North] Nom pl: l-kíyaá. Variant: l-k ́yyɔk. 1 • A big ear. Usage: rare. 2 • [South] Piece of wood (or elephant tusk) fitted on the lower earlobe. 3 • [North] Warrior's ivory earring. 4 • [North] Handle (eg. of cup, pot, drum).

l-kióómpó [North] mane.

[North] Nom sg: l-kioompó. n. [North]

ɔl-k ́páárɛ́t

Nom sg: ɔl-kɨpaarɛ́t. Acc pl: ɨl-k

ɛn-k ́páátá

Nom sg: ɛn-kɨpaatá. Acc pl: ɨn-kɨpaát. Nom pl: ɨn-k

́páárɛta. Nom pl: ɨl-

kɨpaarɛ́ta. n. 1 • Disciple. Usage: Biblical. 2 • Messenger; s.o. sent by an elderly or rich person. 3 • [North] Apostle. Usage: eccl. 1 • Dance 2•A

before a raid.

Lion's

́paat. n.

pre-circumcision ceremony for senior boys. Óre táatá

ɛnâ tóki najî ɛnk ́páátá náa entóki naɨtɔ́dɔ̄lʉ̄ olpólósíé lɔɔ́lporori. And now this thing called the initial

ceremony shows the boundry between age groups. The ɛnk ́páátā ceremony is organized by the fathers of a new age set. First, boys travel throughout the section's region for about four months calling for the new age set. A collection of 30-40 houses is built for initiating boys. The houses are located in one large homestead chosen by the ol-oibóni where the boys will be initiated. Before the ceremony, the boys' chief, ɔl-ɔpɔlɔ́sɨ ɔr-k ́tɛ́ŋ, must be chosen. This position is considered unfortunate. The new chief is to carry all of his age group's sins. The day before the ceremony, boys must sleep outside in the forest. When early dawn approaches, the boys run to the homestead and enter with an attitude of a raider. During the ceremony, boys dress in loose clothing and dance nonstop throughout the day. This ceremony is the transition into a new

age set, after which the boys are ready to be circumcised. (From: www.maasai-infoline.org Kakuta). 3 • Ceremony that involves dancing, to mark the transition between wariorhood and young elderhood. See: a-ɨpák ‘To dance, dance before a raid’.

ɛn-k ́páí1

Nom sg: ɛn-kɨpáí. Acc pl: ɨn-k

́pa. Nom pl: ɨn-k ́pâ. [North] Acc sg: lɛk ́pa. [North] Nom sg: lɛ́kɨpa. [North] Acc pl: lɛkɨpaní. n.f. n.f. Clear-toyellowish mucous-like fluid in which the embryo is suspended inside the amnion; amniotic fluid; caul-fat; includes both the white and the yolk of an egg. The word has positive connotations. Usually used in plural form. Singular refers to one spot of the mucous or can be used synonomously with the plural. Note: This is not used for other types of mucous-like material, such as what a slug leaves behind, remnants of food garbage, etc. Táa ɨnk ́pa. May you bear children. (lit: Be amniotic fluid.) [A blessing, mostly said by elders.]. Note: Mostly said by elders. May be said to anyone. ɨnk ́pa ɛ́ nk ́tɛ́ŋ Amniotic fluid of the cow [This phrase is commonly used by men when swearing.]. 2 • n.f. Affirmation that sth. is true. Restrict: by men. Usage: oath. See: ɔsámpʉ́lál ‘Slime’.

Lɛk ́pa, Lɛ́k ́páí n.prop. boy's name (lit: he-of-amniotic fluid). Nɔɔ́nk ́pa n.prop. Married woman's name (lit: she-of-amniotic flud).

ɨn-k ́pa ó lmosorî Egg-white.

ɛn-k ́páí2

n. chlorophytum macrophyllum. Name

En-k ́páí3

Nom sg: ɛn-kɨpáí. n.prop. 1 • Maasai

of a plant with white flowers, found on black cotton soil, common in Ngong (lit: slime). 2 • One

Mara.

of the names by which the Maasai call the Mara River, Narok District, Kenya (lit: birth-slime). The river is dark and moves slowly. See: ɛnk-árɛ́ dápásh ‘Mara River’.

n-k ́pá ́páyata [North] [North] A caress.

n-kɨpará [North] See: a-ɨpár ‘To

[nkɪ ́páɪ ́páɪ ́ata] [North] Nom sg: n-kɨpaɨpáyata. n.

See: a-paipayán

[North] Nom sg: n-k

question’.

[North] ‘To caress’.

́pará. n. [North] Question.

l-kɨparrʉ́ [North] [North] Remembrance; memories. See: aparrʉ́ ‘To remember’.

L-kɨpayaŋí [North]

[North] Acc pl: L-kɨpayáŋ. [North] Nom pl: L-

k ́payáŋ. n. As warriors they adopted a blue Turkana hair style (Spencer 1965).[North] Age-set which was initiated about 1823.

ɛn-kɨpɛɛ́ja n. Ostentation. See: a-ɨpɛɛ́j ‘To act ostentatiously’. l-kipêî [North] [North] Nom sg: l-kípei. n.sg. [North] Pneumonia (of humans and livestock).

k ́pɛkɛ

adj. Lactating

but without calf (of a cow). See: kípékisho ‘When a cow has no calf but has milk’.

kípékisho [North]

Situation of a cow when her calf is dead but the cow can still be milked; [West] Situation of a cow when her calf is dead but the cow can still be milked. See: k ́pɛkɛ ‘Lactating but without calf’.

ol-kípélūā

Nom sg: kipékisho. n. [North]

Acc pl: il-kipeluaní. n. accipitrido, accipitridae, hieraaetus spilogaster,

aquila verreauxii. Bird

about 12 inches in size. In W, the word describes a bird with white breast and of ŋirô color elswhere; eagle, hawk. See: ol-kílérrūā ‘Hawk’.

en-keperût [Purko]

Nom sg: en-kíperût. Acc pl: in-keprutí. Nom

pl: in-képerutí. n. Eve

the wall.

ɛn-kɨpɛrráti piece.

ɔl-kɨpɛrráti

2 • Large

ɛn-k ́pɛ́rrɛ́rr

n. Piece

of the house, where the roof hangs over

of wood that has been cut off from a big

1 • Firewood.

piece of wood. See: a-ɨpɛ́rr ‘To split’.

Nom sg: ɛn-kɨpɛrrɛ́rr. Acc pl: ɨn-kɨpɛrrɛrr .́ Nom pl: ɨn-

k ́pɛrrɛrr .́ n. 1 • Ceremonial branches hung on the entrance of the house where newly-initiated boys and/or girls live. Usage: plural. 2 • Branches for sealing up the entrance of a cow pen/boma. ɛndâ k ́pɛ́rrɛ́rr that branch (W).

ɔl-k ́pɛ́rrɛ́rr A Y-shaped branch used to support sth., such as a bed, granary, etc.

ol-kipíêî

Variant: ol-kipíéú. Nom sg: ol-kipíei??. Acc pl: il-kipíéú. n.

1 • Lung,

lung troubles. See: ɨl-bʉsʉbʉ́s ‘Lungs’. 2 • [North] One side of the body.

L-kípíkúí [North]

[North] Acc pl: L-kɨpɨkʉ́. [North] Nom pl: L-k

Usage: plural. [North]

Age-set initiated in 1837.

́pɨkʉ́. n.

en-kipimét n. Instrument for measuring. See: a-ipím ‘To measure’. ɨl-k ́pɨrát n. Informal ritual performed for boys and girls prior to initiation, in which leg fire marks are made.

ɔl-kɨpɨráti

́pɨráti. Acc pl: ɨl-kɨpɨrát. Nom pl: ɨl-k ́pɨrat. n. Fire marks made on the thighs and upper parts of the arms to prove one's bravery.

ɔl-k ́pɨrɛ

Nom sg: ɔl-k

Nom sg: ɔl-k

́p ́rɛ. Acc pl: ɨl-kɨp ́rɛn. Nom pl: ɨl-k ́pɨrɛ́n. [North] Acc pl: l-kipíríá. [North] Nom pl: l-kípiria. n. 1 • Whisk; tool for stirring. This tool is made from a thick strip of wood, bent (carved?) into an arc the shape of a bowl, with each end tied together, and the middle attached perpendicularly to a thin stick, which is rotated to stir the liquid. Ɔlk ́pɨrɛ ɔ́ ́p ́r imotorík aɨtɔbɨrak ́. It is the whisk

that stirs soup well. 2 • [North] Stir stick. See: a-ɨp ́r ‘To stir’. Etymology: A similar word is found in Oromo (Boranaa, Orma, Waata lects), kibirre 'stick used to stir milk into butter' (Stroomer 1987:344). It is uncertain in which direction borrowing might have taken place..

ɛ́n-k ́p ́rtâ

Nom sg: ɛn-kɨpɨrta. Acc pl: ɨn-kɨpɨrtaritín. Nom pl: ɨn-

́ k ́pɨrtaritín. n. Aim, objective, goal, purpose; meaning; Ɨáta apákē ɛ́nk ́p ́rtâ. You had a purpose. (C). Nɛ́ākʉ̄ néíjia ɛɨkʉnár ̄ siî ɔltʉ́ŋání lɛ́nkipɨrta lémegól. So that is what is done to a person of a weak nature. (lit: And that is how a person of ... that is not strong.). Kɛ́áta elé róréí ɨnkɨpɨrtaritín aré. This word has two meanings.

́ Reason. Ɨátá nkipírtie You have reason, a right. See: a-ɨpɨrtá ‘To be about, concern’.

n-kipírtie [North]

n. [North]

n-kípírrioto [North] jump’.

ol-kípókét

n. [North]

Jumping.

See: a-ɨpɨr

́ [North] ‘To

Nom sg: ol-kipokét. Acc pl: il-kípóketa. Nom pl: il-kipóketa.

[North] Acc sg: l-kúpókét. n. Lamb

slaughtered for purifying or cleansing a house after a woman gives birth. This is the first ceremony performed on the day of a child's birth. A kid, with fleece of a uniform color, is killed beside the house. The mother drinks some of the blood, while other women feast on the meat (no men eat of this animal). Some of the blood mixed with contents of the animal's stomach is spread around the perimeter of the ɛnkáŋ and on the top right-hand corner of the mother's house. The bones and the grass upon which the kid was slaughtered are collected and burnt outside the house for fear of witchcraft. (S). See: móor ‘Lamb slaughtered for cleansing’.

en-kípókét Thing to cleanse with; a cleansing ceremony. n-kípóketa [North] [North] Nom sg: n-kipóketa. n.pl. [North] Paint prepared by women for colouring calabashes; may contain blood, charcoal, ochre, etc. See: a-ipók ‘To cleanse’; ol-

kípókét ‘Lamb for cleansing ceremony’.

en-kiporôî

Note: K

Pk KS SAcc pl: in-kiporó. [Chamus] Acc sg: kuporói. [North] Nom sg: n-kíporôî. [North] Nom pl: n-kíporó. n. Scar. Ɛátā ɛnkɛráí enkiporôî ɔ́ ɔldʉtʉtâî. The child has a scar from the boil. andá kiporôî that scar (S). See: ol-abobóki ‘Scar’.

En-kiporôî n.prop. Eúáso ŋirô trading center. See: Enk-árɛ́ ŋirô. l-kɨpɔ́sɔrɔg [North] [North] Nom sg: l-kɨpɔ́sɔrɔ́g. [North] Acc pl: l-

kɨpɔsɔrɔgí. [North] Nom pl: lk ́pɔsɔrɔgí. n. [North] Oryx antelope. Oryx beisa. Etymology: < Yaaku.

ɨn-kɨpɔshát

n.pl. Skimmed

milk. kɨsʉsháti ‘Skimmed milk’.

n-kípótore [North] vocation.

en-kípótoto

See: a-ɨpɔ́sh ‘To

churn’; ɨn-

[North] Nom sg: n-kipótore. n. [North]

See: a-ipót ‘To n. Calling,

call’.

Calling,

call. This is a regular occasion at various ceremonies when an indiidual or a group is given a new or additional name. See: a-ipót ‘To call’.

en-kiramiram n. Stammer, stutter. l-kɨrapác [North] [North] Nom sg: l-k ́rapác. n. [North] Oriole finch. Linurgus olivaceus. See: ɔl-k

́rápásh ‘Bush shrike’.

k ́rápásh adj. Multi-coloured, variegated. ɔl-k ́rápásh n. 1 • Gray-headed bush shrike. This bird lives in riverine forest areas and obtains food by breaking the exoskeletons of insects. malaconotus blanchoti. 2 • Sulphur-breasted bush shrike. malaconotus sulphureopectus. 3 • Superb-starling;

hildebrandt's staring. spreo superbus. See: lkɨrapác [North] ‘Oriole finch’.

l-kirâr [North]

Nom sg: l-kírâr. Acc pl: l-kirári. Nom pl: l-kirárī. n.

[North] Gate for people or goats.

l-k ́rdáí [North]

Nom sg: l-kɨrdáí. n. Usage: modern. [North]

who puts on shirt and trouser.

Person

ɔl-k ́rdátá n. Vaccine. See: a-k ́rd ‘To scratch’. ol-kírékényí Nom sg: ol-kirekenyí. Acc pl: il-kirekény. Nom pl: il-

kírekény. n. 1 • Uncircumcised boy who has already slept with a circumcised woman. This is a bad thing. Eventually the stigmatism may, however, fade. Ɛɨtʉ́ ɛlâŋ ɔlkirekenyí ɛnkálɛ́m ɛ́mʉ́rátî. The uncircumcised boy who has slept with a circumcised woman did not skip over the knife before circumcision. 2 • Immoral person.

il-Kirémishó

n.prop. Name

used for warriors, with the implication of those who "sweep" cows (lit: ones who spear).

n-kírényí [North] n. Káji eikoní peê kíâr ɛnâ kírényí ɛ́ kʉ́lɔ̄ tʉ́ŋáná? The Ilcamus said, what can we do so that we kill this kírényí of these people?

l-kírɛŋgɛt [North] n. [North] Trap. See: o-rreshét ‘Trap’. N-kɨrɛ́sa [North] [North] Nom sg: n-k ́rɛsa. n.prop. [North] England. Etymology: Swahili

ingereza 'English'.

n-kíréwua [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-k

́rɛwua. n.sg. [North] Malaria; a serious illness. See: a-ɨrowúá ‘To be hot’.

in-kírí n.pl. Meats. See: en-kiriŋó ‘Meat’. a-k ́r ́ v. To pass through, traverse. kíriapísh ideo. "kiriapish". Néítejo enadúóó kɨt ́ ráshé tɔ ltɨlɨ ́d lɔ́ lmóruo kíriapísh! And he [the bird] caused the piece of skin at the man's anus to say "kiriapish!".

n-kɨrɨcá [North] [North] Nom sg: n-k ́rɨcá. n. [North] Bravery. n-kirikíri [North] Nom sg: n-kírikíri. Acc pl: n-kirikiriní. Nom pl: nkírikiriní. n. [North] Bottle top.

ol-kíríkóí

Syn: ɛnk-ásʉ́ʉ́dáí

‘Bottle top’.

Nom sg: ol-kirikóí. Acc pl: il-kírikó. Nom pl: il-kírikó. n. 1 • A

person who cannot provide for himself; the society has the responsibility of taking care of him; underprivileged because of

some legitimate inability to care for self (eg. lame, blind). 2 • Vagabond, vagrant; one who has a disorganized life without home and wife, and doesn't want to commit himself to the rightful living of his society. If he has had a family, then he has abandoned them. This is a lifestyle that one chooses (it is not due to some unavoidable circumstance). He does not manage himself properly but goes around demanding things from relatives. Such a person is very dangerous because he typically curses people when not given what he demands. For example, if he is related to the addressee's wife, he may curse the wife so that she is infertile. The person will not kill or steal and so is not dangerous in that way. Usage: derog. Ɛshɔmɔ́ olkirikóí aiwúsh tɔɔ́ ldʉ́kayí. The loiterer has gone to loiter in. Such an individual (sense 2) may be called upon to help with distasteful work, such as carrying a dead body.

ɛn-kíríkóí A woman who moves from home to home, who does

not have a fixed home to stay in because of her behavior. Even if she had a home and family previously, she has abandoned them. Unlike ol-kíríkóí, it is not prototypical that she curses others or is so dangerous. See: l-árínkóí ‘Samburu defiant group’; ol-wúshúwúshí ‘Vagabond’; l-máásháí; l-óyíópó [North] ‘Vagabond’.

en-kirimó

Nom sg: en-kírimó. [North] Acc pl: n-kirimôn. n.sg. 1 • Inferior

milk that has overstayed in the udder of a cow for approximately more than two days. 2 • Prolonged desire for sth. 3 • An anxious or troubled feeling. See: kʉlɛ́ ‘Milk’.

n-kírímpáí [North] móotíán ‘quiver’.

ɛ́n-k ́r ́nâ

Nom sg: ɛ́n-k

Nom sg: n-kírimpáí. n. [North]

Quiver.

See: e-

́r ́nâ. n. Traditional beaded Maasai bracelet, about 2 cm wide. Colors and patterns typically indicate what area the designer or maker is from. (cf. Klump, Donna and Corrine Kratz. 1993. Aesthetics, expertise & ethnicity: Okiek & Maasai

perspectives on personal ornament. Being Maasai, ed. by Thomas Spear & Richard Waller. London: James Currey, 195-221.).

ɛ́n-k ́r ́nâ oonkaina [North] Syn: márnâ

̂

‘Bracelet’; ɛ-má ́r ́náí ‘Bracelet’. Wrapped wrist bangle.

ɛn-k ́r ́nátá

[North] Acc sg: n-

k ́r ́nátá. Variant: nk ́rnátá. [North] Nom sg: nkɨrnatá. [North] Acc pl: nkɨrná. n. 1 • Wrapping, encirclement, twisting. 2 • [North] Woman's necklace made of leather thread and logolîn beads. See: l-ogolí [North] ‘Glass bead ornament’.

ɔl-k ́rɨnɛ

Nom sg: ɔl-k

́r ́nɛ. Acc pl: ɨl-kɨr ́nɛn. Nom pl: ɨl-k ́rɨnɛ́n. [North] Acc sg: l-kíríníé. [North] Nom sg: l-kɨrɨnɛ́. [North] Acc pl: l-k ́r ́nɛta. n. 1 • Flexible binding sticks which are placed horizontally across both sides of the upright house posts and tied together between the house posts with bark straps. ɛldɛ́ k ́rɨnɛ that wall-stick (W). The house wall has three such pairs of binding sticks at upper, middle, and lower points, 2 • Tree bark used for tying wood, twigs, poles together in a Maasai house. See: a-ɨr ́n ‘To twist’; l-kíríníé [North] ‘Wall sticks’.

l-kíríníé [North] pl: l-k

Variant: l-kɨrɨnɛ́t. [North] Nom sg: l-kɨrɨnɛ́. [North] Acc

́r ́nɛta. n. [North] Horizontal wall stick, tied to the house pegs with sisal fibres. See: ɔl-k ́rɨnɛ ‘Wall stick’.

en-kiriŋó

Nom sg: en-kíriŋo. Nom sg: en-kiríŋgo. Acc pl: in-kírí. Nom pl: in-

kirí. [North] Nom sg: n-kíriŋó. n. 1 • Piece of meat. Usage: singular. Ɛtapɛjóki enkiriŋó tɛ nk ́ma. The meat was burnt in the fire. 2 • Flesh, meat.

ol-kiriŋó Very large piece of meat. See: i-sureení ‘Dried meat, biltong’; ɔl-pʉ́rdá ‘Meat preserved in fat’.

ɔl-k ́r ́pá

Nom sg: ɔl-kɨrɨpá. Acc pl: ɨl-kɨr

́pān. Nom pl: ɨl-k ́rɨpán. [North] Acc pl: l-k ́r ́pân. n. 1 • Necklace made of beads worn by women.

Ɛtɨp ́kɛ̄ entító ɔlk ́r ́pá. The girl has put on a bead necklace. 2 • [North] Bead necklace worn by married women, having several rigid concentric rows of neads; indicates the status of being married.

ɛn-k ́r ́pá Small bead necklace.

ɛn-kɨrɨshá

See: o-saéī ‘Bead’.

Nom sg: ɛn-k

́rɨshá. n.sg. Bravery; fierceness. kúrétisho ‘Cowardice’; Syn: ɛm-pɨján ‘Bravery’.

en-kírnyanyî

Ant: en-

Nom sg: en-kírnyanyî. Acc pl: in-kírnyany. Nom pl: in-

kirnyány. n. 1 • Tendon; inelastic tissue connecting a muscle with its bony attachment. Káayâ enkírnyanyî. My tendon is aching.

Káagôl enkírnyanyî âî. My muscle is strong. Kégólí inkirnyány áinéī. My muscles are strong. See: a2 • Muscle.

ikirnyanyá ‘To pull against a force’; e-mórlóó ‘Tendon’.

ɔl-k ́rɔ́b ̂

Nom sg: ɔl-k

́rɔ́b .̂ [North] Acc sg: l-kiróbi. [North] Nom sg: l-kírobi. n.sg. 1 • Common cold. 2 • Fever.

Áaitamuoyíá ɔlk ́rɔ́b ̂. I was made sick by a cold.

3 • Flu. See: ɔl-ɔɨrɔ́bɨ ‘Common

cold’; e-mueyíán; ɔl-ɔɨdɛ́ɛm ‘Illness’; a-ɨrɔb ́ ‘To be cold’; ol-tɨkaná ‘Malaria’; ol-cámá ‘Fever’.

ɛn-kɨrɔ́bɨ Coldness. Á ́sápuk ɛnk ́rɔbɨ ɛ́ Naɨrɔ́bɨ. The

coldness of Nairobi is great. (Pk). Ɛn-kɨjáp ̄ refers to cold ambient temperature or weather. Ɛn-kɨrɔ́bɨ refers to coldness. Ɔlk ́rɔ́b ̂ refers to the common cold as an illness.

n-kiróci [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-kíroci. n. 1 • [North]

weight. 2 • [North] Pregnancy.

en-kiróíshi

Heaviness,

Variant: en-kiroishí; en-kiroishí. [North] Acc sg: n-kiróshi,

n-kiróci. n. Weight. Nɛ́ɛk ̄ ʉ̄ enkiróíshi íyíólóunyie ɛnkɛ́ráí ajó ɛg ́ra abʉlʉ́, enkiróíshi. It is by means of the weight you know a child that is growing up.

ɛn-k ́rɔkɛt n. A cough. See: en-jórríjór ‘Persistent cough’. n-kírokíé [North] n. [North] Yellow-vented bulbul (bird). Pyconotus barabatus.

l-kíróŋí [Chamus]

used for building.

ɛn-kɨrɔ́pɨj cold’.

n. [Chamus]

n. Coolness. See: a-ɨrɔb

Plant which grows in water;

́ ‘To be cold’; ɔl-k ́rɔ́b ̂ ‘Common

ɛn-k ́rɔ́rɛ́t n. 1 • Talking-one, thing used for talking. Nɛ́dʉmʉn ́ ɛnáíshó najî ɛnk ́rɔ́rɛ́t. They get beer called that talkingone. Óre ɛnâ k ́rɔ́rɛ́t nááâ ɛnáíshó aké ɛyaʉ́n ̄. And

this talking-one is that beer is just brought. 2 • Beer employed during marriage negotiations (lit: thing used to talk with). See: a-ɨrɔ́(r) ‘To talk’.

L-kíróróí [North] n.prop. [North]

[North] Nom sg: L-kiroróí. [North] Acc pl: L-kɨrɔrɔ́.

Age set whose initiation was bugun in 1976.

en-kirorokíno n. Greeting. See: a-ɨrɔ́ ‘To speak’. ɛn-kɨrɔ́rɔ́tɔ́ [Chamus] Acc sg: k ́rɔ́rɔ́tɔ́. n. Conversation. See: a-ɨrɔ́ ‘To speak, talk’; ɔl-dɛrráti; ɨl-ɔmɔ́n ‘Conversation’.

kɨrɔtɛ́t

Nom sg: k

́rɔtɛ́t. Acc pl: kirotetí. Nom pl: kírotetí. adj. 1 • Favorite, popular (eg. the wife most favored by her husband). Kɨrɔtɛ́t

prototypically refers to a woman in the context of a polygamous man. In such a marriage, it is culturally expected that one of the wives will always be kɨrɔtɛ́t and the others tínkí 'unfavored' (ie. it is hard for the community to imagine that some wife is not favored). It also prototypically implies that the woman has a son; thus if a man has several wives and none have any sons, likely none of the women will be kɨrɔtɛ́t. If several of the wives have sons, the woman likely to be kɨrɔtɛ́t is the first wife. 2 • Prosperous, blessed with good attributes and success.

Ɔlpayíán kɨrɔtɛ́t ɔlɛ́ Naigéo amʉ̂ olaríkoni ɛnkáyíóní ɛ́nyɛ náa mákárrí ɨlkʉ́lɨká ́. Ole Naigeo is a favored/prosperous man because his son is a leader and the rest are very rich. (W).

ɛn-kɨrɔtɛ́t

woman. Nɛ́ata intínkîn ɔ́ nkirotetí He has non-favorites and favorites. (ie. wives) (KS). Ɛnkɨrɔtɛ́t is specific to the context of a man with several wives, and refers to the wife he finds most attractive in all respects. 2 • Gift given to a favored suitor of one's daughter (perhaps even while the girl is a child). 3 • Beer drunk while father and favored suitor discuss the marriage suit.

ɔl-kɨrɔtɛ́t

1 • Favorite

Ant: tínkí

favorite son).

en-kirówuaj

‘Disfavored’. Favorite man (eg. favorite suitor,

Nom sg: en-kírowuaj. [North] Acc sg: n-k

́réwuaj. n. 1 • Heat,

hotness. Enkirówuaj dúóó táatá nátomitikíó iyíóók kɨrrɨtá ɨlashó tɛ nkɔ́shɔ́kɛ ɔ́ ldóínyíó. It is the heat that made it impossible for us to herd the calves on the side of the hill. (Pk). Ɛ́ ́sápʉk enkírowuaj ɛ́ táatá amʉ̂ ɛtooshúó ɛnkɔlɔ́ŋ. The heat is so great today because it is sunny. (Pk). Usage: En-kirówuaj is prototypically used for the heat from the sun; it is not used to describe food that has a high temperature.. 2 • Strong

urge to migrate. Enkirówuaj ɛ́naɨdʉ́rra

nátɛrɛwá ɨlpayianí lɔ́ lpúrkél mɛshɔ́mɔ áaleen osúpúkó. The strong urge to migrate made men of the hot region want to migrate to the cooler region. (Pk). 3 • Fever. Usage: rare. See: a-ɨrowúá ‘To be hot’.

ɛn-k ́rʉ́jʉ́rʉj n. Drizzle, short shower. See: ɛn-cán ‘Rain’. en-kírútótó Nom sg: en-kirutotó. n. Surprise, fright. ɔltʉŋáni ɔáta enkírútótó a person who is surprised/frightened. a-k ́rr [North]: a-k ́r. v. 1 • To scratch, mark (eg. with a sharp instrument or thorn); draw a line. ak ́rr ɛm ́sa tɔ lmʉ́shʉmáa to scratch on the table with a nail. See: a-kɔ́rd ‘To scratch’. 2 • To pass out semen. 3 • To pass through, traverse. See: a-giroó ‘To pass by’. See: olkírríé ‘Boundary’.

ɛn-k ́rrágátá

Nom sg: ɛn-kɨrragatá. Acc pl: ɨn-kɨrragát. Nom pl: ɨn-

k ́rrágat, ɨn-k ́rragát. n. 1 • Place where things typically lie; place where s.o. casually sleeps. ɛnk ́rrágátá ɔɔ́ ntaré Resting place for sheep after they get out of their pen.

2 • Lying

down.

down. Ɛt́ ámóó ɛnk ́rrágátá. It is used to lying

grave. ɛnk ́rrágátá ɔ́ ltʉŋáni Grave; the laying place of a person's body (probably not the place where one sleep). Refers to the grave of a person who dies at any age. See: engúmótó ‘Hole’; ɛn-kʉ́rárɛ ‘Grave of old person’. 4 • The laying out of a corpse. 5 • Low and flat place (eg. football field). See: a-ɨrrág ‘To lie down’. 3 • Re-filled

l-kírrár [North]

Nom sg: l-kirrár. Acc pl: l-kirrarí. Nom pl: l-kírrarrí. n.

[North] Small gate in a manyatta (cattle enclosure), used by people or goats and sheep. Étówúá lpáyian lkirrar. A man has made a gate. (S). Éíkénó nkítok lkírrár lɔɔ́ ntaré A woman has closed the sheep's pen (S). Kéwua lkirrarri lɔ́ɔ ntaré The sheep's gate is fenced. (S). See: ol-tím ‘Barricade, cow.gate’; ɛm-p ́rrɨsh ‘Small gate’.

ɨl-kɨrrát Nom pl: ɨl-kɨrrát. [North] Nom pl: l-k ́rrat. n.pl n.m. Semen. n-kɨrráʉ́ [North] Variant: n-kɨráú. [North] Nom sg: n-k ́raʉ, n-k ́rráú. [North] Acc pl: n-kɨrraʉîn. [North] Nom pl: n-kɨrrawîn

?. n. [North] Gourd, either when in the field, or when made into a container for liquid. Kéísápuk nk ́rrāū ná ́tɨbɨrá. The prepared calabash is good. (SN). Nkɨrráú áí nátɨgɛ́lɛ. It is my calabash which broke. (SN). Syn: mála ná ́bɔrr ‘Gourd’.

l-kɨrráú Big calabash. See: en-kúkúrí; ɛ-mála; ɛ-nyaánca; ɛnk-ɔt ;́ oltulét ‘Calabash, gourd’; sorrôr [North] ‘Type of calabash’.

n-k ́rríábátá [North]

Blinking of the eyes. See: aɨrrɨabíé [North] ‘To blink’; a-ɨrrɨapíé ɛnkɔŋʉ́ ‘To blink’.

n-k ́rrɨata [North] See: a-ɨrr

n. [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-k

́ ‘To send; have diarrhoea’.

en-kirribó [South]

n. 1 • [South]

́rrɨatá. n. [North] Diarrhoea.

Forehead. 2 • [South] Face. See: enk-omóm; ɛn-k ́d ́mátá; ɛ-

mʉnyánī ‘Forehead’.

ol-kírríé

sg: l-k

Nom sg: ol-kirríé. Acc pl: il-kírríen. Nom pl: il-kirríén. [North] Acc

́rrɛ́, l-k ́rr ́ɛ́. [North] Nom sg: l-kɨrr ́ɛ́. [North] Acc pl: l-kírrên, lgírrên. [North] Nom pl: l-girrén. n. Boundary. olkírríé ɔ́r ̂sh Kenya ɔ Tanzania a boundary that separates Kenya and Tanzania. See: a-k ́rr ‘To pass through’. Borrowed word: Proto-EasternNilotic *-kɔr- 'boundary' (Vossen 1982ː337). Note: Vossen's reconstruction did not include Maa data. However, it seems reasonable to assume that this entry is related to Vossen's PEN proto-form. See: ɛ-rɨshata; ol-pólósíé; ɛm-báka ‘Boundary’; nɛwɔ́rɔrɛ [Chamus] ‘Boundary’.

en-kírríkínotó 2 • [North]

n. 1 • Distress.

A falling out of relationship. 3 • [North] Putting into a pen. See: a-ɨrrɨk ́ ‘To put in, drive in’.

ɛn-kɨrrɨtá n. Herding, care. See: a-ɨrrɨtá ‘To look after’. ɛn-k ́rr ́tarɛ Nom sg: ??. Acc pl: ɛn-k ́rr ́tátá. Nom pl: ɛn-kɨrrɨtatá. [North] Acc sg: n-kɨrrɨtá. n. Herding. Syn: k

after’.

ɛn-k ́rr ́tátá

́rr ́rtátá. See: a-ɨrrɨtá ‘To look

Nom sg: ɛn-kɨrrɨtatá. n. Herding. Syn: k

ɨrrɨtá ‘To look after’.

ɨn-kɨrrɔ́

́rr ́tarɛ. See: a-

Acc pl: ɨn-kɨrrɔ́. Nom pl: ɨn-k

́rrɔ. [North] Nom sg: en-kirrói. n.pl. Fine paid for murder. alák ɨnkɨrrɔ́ Paying the fine for murder. See: ɨl-ɔ́ ́kɔp ‘Crime of murder’.

ɛn-k ́rrɔgɛt n. Cough. See: a-ɨrrɔ́g ‘To cough’; -luá ‘Cough’. n-kɨrrɔgɛ́ta [North] n. [North] Hacking, deep chesty coughing. See: a-ɨrrɔ́g; a-ɨrrɔ́k ‘To

n-kírrôî [North]

cough heavily’.

[North] Nom sg: n-k

́rroi. [North] Acc pl: n-kirroîn. n. [North] Fine of black cows imposed in the case of a murder. The guilty party secretly forces them into the deceased person's kraal at night.

n-kirrotét [North] arthritis.

[North] Nom sg: n-kírrotét. n. [North]

Polio,

n-k ́sáb ́sábata [North] stroll’.

n. [North]

Strolling.

See: a-ɨsáb ‘To

ɨl-Kɨsákara n.prop. Name of an ageset. n-k ́sālata [North] [North] Nom sg: n-kɨsálata. [North] Acc pl: n-kɨsalát. [North] Nom pl: n-k

ɛn-k ́sámpúarɛ

́salát. n. [North] Sarcasm.

Nom sg: ɛn-kɨsampúarɛ. n. 1 • Harvest.

2 • Harvesting. See: a-ɨsampú ‘To

harvest’.

ɔl-kisankúál n. Pond of water. l-kɨsarɛ́t [North] n. [North] Sharpened stick for removing hot meat from a pot.

Kisérīān

n.prop. Name

of trading center along the Nairobi-Magadi road. See: a-seríán ‘To be safe’.

kisérīan osuují

where a coward is safe from wild animals, such as an open plain without bushes. See: a-seríán ‘To be safe’.

kiserût

n.prop. Place

Acc pl: kiserúti. adj. Stubborn

and perverse in character, showing no mercy or compassion whatsoever. iltúŋánák kiserúti perverse people. See: a-gól lʉkʉnyá ‘To be stubborn’; ŋirô ‘Brown; stubborn’.

n-k ́s ́ácata [North] plain.

[North] Acc pl: n-kɨsɨacát. n. [North]

See: áŋátá ‘Plain’.

n-k ́s ́ápɛ́t [North]

Treeless

[North] Nom sg: n-kɨsɨapɛ́t. [North] Acc pl: n-

k ́s ́ápɛta. n. [North] Cut branches used to close the gate of the settlement from the inside.

n-k ́s ̂g [North]

Variant: n-kásɨg. n. [North]

l-kɨs ́ɨc [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-k

Common house gecko. Hemidactylus mabouia. See: nk-ásɨg [North] ‘Gecko’. See: ɛ-ŋɔrnɔ̂ ‘Ghee’.

n-kisiícō [North] n-kísílét [North]

n. [North]

́ɨɨc. n.sg. [North] Clarified ghee.

salt.

See: makaát

[North] ‘Salt’.

[North] Nom sg: n-kisilét. n. [North]

Wooden comb.

See: a-isíl ‘To

comb’.

n-kísín [North]

Variant: n-kisín. [North] Nom sg: n-kisín. [North] Acc pl: n-

kisinó. [North] Nom pl: n-kísinó. n. 1 • [North] Duiker (common). 2 • [North] Klipspringer. Oreotragus oreotragus.

n-kisín mára [North] n-kisín nas ́ra nk-órioŋ [North]

e morú [North] ‘Duiker’; n-dérí [North] ‘Blue duiker’; em-púaa ‘Nata red duiker’.

en-kisunkúū

Nom sg: enkísunkúú. Acc pl: in-kisunkuuní. Nom pl: in-

kísunkuuní. n. Button.

ɔl-kɨsɨrátɨ

2 • Short

ɛn-kɨsɨsá

See: n-kinagí

Etymology: < Swahili kifungo.

Acc pl: ɨl-kɨsɨrát. n. 1 • Shower.

rains.

[North] Nom sg: n-k

[North] ‘Praise’.

́sɨsá. n. Praise, glory.

See: rrɛ́pɛt

l-kisîsh [North] n. [North] Fat for frying in the kitchen. en-kisóma Variant: ɛn-k ́sʉ́ma. Nom sg: en-kísoma. [North] Acc sg: n-

kɨsɔ́ma. [North] Nom sg: n-k ́sɔma. n.sg. 1 • Studying, study, education, reading. See: a-ɨsɔ́m ‘To read’; ɛn-kɨsʉ́ma ‘Education’. 2 • School. Etymology: Swahili kusoma.

ɨl-Kɨsɔ́nkɔ

Nom pl: ɨl-K

en-kisonó

Nom sg: en-kísonó. Acc pl: in-kisonôn. Nom pl: in-kísonôn. n.

́sɔnkɔ. n.pl. Name of a Maasai section. The Anglicized version is il-Kisongo. See: ol-oshô ‘Section’.

house. Etuuróri enkísonó. The abandoned house fell down. e-surúsurî: ‘Abandoned house’. See: ɛnk-ají ‘House’; o-séêt ‘Small house for shepherds’; orrípíé ‘Small house for shepherds’; n-kórrímpâ ‘Small house’. Usage: Contemptuous. Abandoned

n-kɨsɔ́rɔ [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-k

[North] Swampland, marsh.

l-kisóyia [North] edible root.

́sɔrɔ. [North] Acc pl: n-kɨsɔrɔní. n.

[North] Nom sg: l-kísoyia. n. [North]

Ipomoea wightii.

Plant sp. with

in-kisudorót n.pl. 1 • Hidden things, mysteries. Ɛtabólokí nɨnyɛ́ nɛna kisudorót pɔɔk ́. He has been given the revelation of all those mysteries. (Pk). 2 • [North] Secretiveness (eg. about one's true feelings, possessions). See: a-isudoó ‘To hide sth’.

ɛn-kɨsʉ́ma

Variant: ɛn-kɨsɔ́ma. Nom sg: ɛn-k

kísumaritín. n. 1 • Education.

́sʉmā. Nom pl: in-

Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí aɨtɨsh ́p mɛ́nyɛ́ anyɔ́k tɛ nk ́sʉma. The child is pleasing his/her father by working 2 • School.

hard at school. (Pk). See: a-ɨsʉ́m ‘To read’.

ɛn-kɨsʉsháti

Nom sg: ɛn-k

́sʉsháti. Acc pl: ɨn-kɨsʉshát. Nom pl: ɨnk ́sʉshát. [North] Acc pl: n-kʉsʉshát. n.pl. 1 • Skimmed milk. 2 • Water used to clean dishes. See: kʉlɛ́ ‘Milk’; kamánaŋ; ɨnkɨpɔshát ‘Skimmed milk’; ɨn-cɨlɨgát ‘Spoiled milk’; in-keréú ‘Milk (contemptous)’.

n-k ́sʉ́yata [North] n. [North] Scorching. See: a-ɨsʉ́ ́ ‘To roast’. a-k ́sh v.prog. To praise. Ák ́sh ́ta. I am praising (sth.) (W). a-kɨshá v.mid. To be full of praise. Kák ́sha. I am full of praise/I am praising. (W). See: a-rrɛ́p ‘To praise’.

n-kishiaá [North] n. [North] Beauty. (en-)kishómi Variant: en-kishíómi. Nom sg: en-kíshomi. Acc pl: inkishómīn. Nom pl: in-kíshomín. n. 1 • Gate. Etíí ɔlárrípóní kishómi adɔlʉ́ ɨltʉ́ŋánák ɔɔ́ɨmʉ. The guard is at the

gate, watching people coming through it. (Pk). Syn: ol-tím ‘Gate’. See: in-comítō ‘Gates’. 2 • Extended family; clan.

en-kishón

Nom sg: en-kíshon. n. Biological

life. force’; em-puaán ‘Life’; a-ishú ‘To be alive’.

en-kíshóórotó

See: en-kishúi ‘Life

Nom sg: en-kíshoórotó. Acc pl: in-kishoorót. Nom pl: in-

kíshoorót. [North] Acc sg: n-kishooróti. [North] Nom sg: n-kíshooróti. n.

Gift, giving. aná kishooróti this gift. Kéísúpat aná kíshoórotó. This gift is good. (SN). Kéísúpat aná kíshooróti. This gift is good. (SN). Kéísupátī kʉná kíshoorót. These gifts are good. (SN).

en-kishopó Nom sg: in-kíshopó. n.f n.sg. Manner of dress, dressing. Képishána nkíshopó íno anapárr. Your dressing is improper today. (SN). ́nyâ kishopó [ɪ ̀ɲà kìʃòpó] that (style of) dress/dressing (SN).

en-kíshórotó

Nom sg: en-kishórotó. Acc pl: in-kishorót. Nom pl: in-

kíshorot. n. Gift.

en-kíshórúnotó 1 • Giving.

See: a-ɨshɔ́ ‘To

give’.

Acc pl: in-kishorunót. Nom pl: in-kíshorunót. n.

2 • Gift.

in-kíshú

Nom pl: in-kíshu. n.pl. Cattle;

plural of ɛn-k ́tɛ́ŋ,'cow'. Also used for a herd of cows and bulls. Kɛ́nyɔ̄rr ɨlMaasá ́ inkíshú. Maasai love cows.

in-kíshú ɛ kʉ́lɛ Dairy cows. in-kíshú ɛ bɔɔ́ Cows belonging to the head of the family. (The

head of the family owns these cows so that he can give them away without causing much friction in the family). See: ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ ‘Cow’; ɨl-mɔ́ŋ ́ ‘Bulls’.

in-kíshú ɔɔ́ lɔ́ ́kɔp

Nom pl: in-kíshu

in-kíshú ɔɔ́ nkɨrrɔ́

Nom pl: in-kíshu

ɔ́ɔ lɔ́ ́kɔp. n.pl. The number of cows paid is normally about 49.Cows given to the relatives of a murdered person, as compensation for the murder. Syn: in-kíshú ɔɔ́ nkɨrɔ́ ‘Cows paid as compensation for murder’. ɔ́ɔ nkɨrrɔ́. n.pl. Cows given to relatives of a murdered person, as compensation for the death. Normally, the payment is about 49 cows. Syn: in-kíshú ɔɔ́ lɔ́ ́kɔp ‘Cows paid to compensate murder’.

in-kíshú oó nkutukie akʉlɛ ‘Dairy cows’.

n. Cattle

for milking.

See: n-kíshú

en-kishûî Nom sg: en-kíshui. n. Life, life force. See: en-kishón ‘Life’. l-kíshúrótó [North] Nom sg: l-kishurotó. Acc pl: l-kishurót. Nom pl: l-

a-kít

kíshurot. n. 1 • [North] Song sung by men when they bring their cows back after they have been taken away by other tribes or when they bring cows by raiding other tribes. 2 • Type of ceremony? See synonyms at: See: l-aparasíyíó [North] ‘Type of song sung by women’.

scrape a hide to remove its hair. Ekitíto. Ekítíto. He is scraping a hide. (W). See: l-órísé [North] ‘Tool for a-kít’. 2 • To rub, polish. 3 • [North] To dig land in readiness for planting; till, cultivate. v.prog. 1 • To

n-kɨtaarriyíána

Nom sg: n-k

kitáāp [North]

[North] Nom sg: kítaap. [North] Acc pl: kitaapí. [North] Nom

́taarriyíána. Acc pl: n-kɨtaarriyianát. Nom pl: n-k ́taarriyianát. n. Instructing. See: ɛnk ́tánápata ‘commandment, instruction’. pl: kítaapí. n. 1 • [North]

Mirror; esp one carried by warriors. 2 • [North] Eye glasses. See: kíook ‘Mirror’.

ɛn-kɨtábu

Nom sg: ɛn-k

́tabu. Acc pl: ɨn-kɨtabuní. Nom pl: ɨn-k ́tabuní. n. Book. Usage: This is not the principle word used by at least Central Kenyan Maa speakers for 'book'. Borrowed word: Swahili kitabu 'book'; from Arabic ktb 'book'. See: em-búku ‘Book’.

ɛn-k ́tágata

Nom sg: ɛn-kɨtágata. Acc pl: ɨn-kɨtagát. Nom pl: ɨn-k

1 • Shelter.

́tagat. n.

2 • Place

inside or outside the kraal where women rest after their work, gossip, do beadwork, etc.

n-kítálâ [North]

n. [North]

[North] ‘Predator, beast’.

kɨtalâ

Predator.

Nom sg: kɨtálâ. n. 1 • Sanctuary

See: l-owuorú

for runaway wife; temporary separation of a couple (for sake of the woman); refuge. Ɛshɔmɔ́ enkítok kɨtalâ. The woman has gone to sanctuary.

In most cases this is temporary. The woman will run away from her matrimonial home while the cause of the dispute is investigated. And then after the elders talk over it, the wrong-doer is punished or counseled and then re-united. 2 • [North] The practice of divorcing one's wife and sending her back to her father before she has born a child; divorce. See: aɨkɨtalán ‘To survey’.

n-kitaláyoto [North] n. [North] Reticence. l-kɨtálegî [North] Nom sg: l-k ́tálegî. n. [North] Locust. See: ɔlmáatî ‘Locusts’.

l-k ́tál ́g ́ [North] [North] Nom sg: l-kɨtalɨg .́ n. [North] Caterpillar. n-kitámpi [North] n. [North] Wick for a lamp. See: lp ́yáyɔɨ ‘Thread, wick’. Etymology:

ɛn-k ́tánápata

< Swahili

kitambi.

Nom sg: ɛn-kɨtanápata. Acc pl: ɨn-kɨtanapát. Nom pl: ɨn-

k ́tananpát. n. 1 • Instruction. 2 • Commandment. 3 • Law. See: a-ɨtanáp ‘To give orders’; nkɨtaarriyíána ‘instructions’.

ɛn-k ́tányáányúkoto

Acc pl: ɨn-kɨtanyaanyukót. n. Example,

likeness, parable, comparison, similarity. Ékíiyíéú ɨnkɨtanyaanyukót tɔɔ́ ltʉŋaná kumók. We need examples from many people. See: a-ɨtanyaanyúk ‘To make alike’.

en-kítápápul

Confusion.

ɔl-kɨtára

Variant: en-kítápápúloto. Nom sg: en-kitápapul. n.

See: a-ɨtapapúl ‘To

́tara. Acc pl: ɨl-kɨtaraní. Nom pl: ɨl-k ́taraní. n. Shelf. See: ɛ-m ́sa ‘Table, shelf’.

ɔl-k ́tárí

Nom sg: ɔl-k

throw into confusion’.

Nom sg: ɔl-kitarí. Acc pl: ɨl-kɨtarriní. Nom pl: ɨl-k

́tarriní. [North]

of Western medicine. Ɛt́ áyíáŋá ɔlkitarí ɛnkɛ́rá ́ namúéí. The doctor has performed surgery on the sick child. (Pk). Etymology: < English doctor ‘doctor’. Acc sg: l-kɨtarrí. n. Doctor

l-kɨtaríno [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-k

́taríno. n.sg. 1 • [North] Fickle

love. See: ɔl-tárin ‘Momentary love’. 2 • [North] Fickleness, lack of perseverance.

kitaru n. Type of plant, found in the Olóíríén region. l-kɨtarrí [North] [North] Acc pl: l-kɨtarriní. [North] Nom pl: l-k ́tarriní. n. [North] Doctor of Western medicine.

See: ɔl-k

́tárí ‘Doctor’.

Etymology: < English doctor.

ɛn-k ́táshótó

n. 1 • Establishment.

2 • Firmness. 3 • Attitude.

en-kitatí

Nom sg: en-kítatí. Acc pl: in-kitatîn. Nom pl: in-kítatîn. n.

Leather belt worn by women and girls to hold up the lower skirt. A girl's belt has beads, while a woman's does not.

en-kitatí nailaŋa Beaded waist-belt worn by girls. en-kitatí ɛ nkɔ́shɔ́kɛ Wide leather belt, decorated with cowrie shells, used to tie the stomach of a post-partum woman. See: en-kímeita ‘Leather belt’.

en-kitejó n. Hare, rabbit. See: en-kitojó. L-kítékúí [North] [North] Nom sg: L-kitekúí. [North] Acc pl: L-kɨtɛkʉ́. [North] Nom pl: L-k

́tɛkʉ́. n.prop. Spencer (1965).[North] Age-set initiated in approximately 1851.

ɛn-k ́tɛ́ŋ1

Nom sg: ɛn-k

́tɛŋ. Variant: ɛn-k ́tɛ̄ŋ. Acc pl: in-kíshú. Nom pl: inkíshū. [North] Acc pl: n-kícú. [North] Nom pl: n-kícu. n. 1 • Cow. Meyieŋí ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ amʉ̂ kélepí. A cow cannot be slaughtered because it gives milk. See: ɔl-k ́tɛ́ŋ ‘Ox’. 2 • Cattle. Usage: Plural. Etymology: ProtoOngamoMaa *-kɪ-tɛŋ(singular form), from ProtoEastern Nilotic *-kɪ-tɛŋ (Vossen 1989:197), *kɪtɛŋ- (Ehret 2001:424).

Bender 1996 gives *tei for "proto-Core." Curiously, Ehret posits a separate but distinct root, *t̪ʰàŋ with reflexes in other KirAbbaian languages, claiming that Rottland's reconstructions (1982) led him to posit two separate roots (2001:416). However, his first root, kɪtɛŋ, should have the kɪ- morpheme broken off. That done, the root, tɛŋ, is very close to the distinct root, t̪àŋ. Ehret's reconstruction of the former for PNS is: *T̪ɛ́ or *T̪ɛ́h. If these two roots are ultimately related, the ŋ may have been the earlier form, which changed to h and then 0.. Note: Loss

of the velar nasal may have triggered a change to high tone. The high feature of the velar nasal may have raised the vowel before the velar was lost.

ɛn-k ́tɛ́ŋ k ́pɛkɛ́ This cow may need to be 'coaxed' a-ɨpɛ́k or aɨs ́sh for a week or so until it gives milk freely (for human use).Cow whose calf has died.

ɛn-k ́tɛ́ŋ ɔ ɔlkíyio Cow given to the first-born daughter of a deceased man.

ɛn-k ́tɛ́ŋ narɔk Black cattle moiety. ɛn-k ́tɛ́ŋ naɨbɔr White cattle moiety. ɔl-k ́tɛ́ŋ2 Nom sg: ɔl-k ́tɛŋ. Acc pl: ɨl-móŋí. Nom pl: ɨl-moŋí. n. Ox; castrated male bovine animal. An ox is considered equal in value to a heifer. Etymology: Proto-Ongamo-Maa *-kɪ-tɛŋ 'cow' (singular form, from Proto-Eastern Nilotic *-ki-tɛŋ 'cow, cattle' (Vossen 1982:348), *-kɪtɛŋ(Ehret 2001:424). Bender (1996:104) reconstructs Proto-Core *tei 'goat, sheep, cow'.. Note: Curiously, Ehret posits a separate but distinct root, *t ̪ʰàŋ with reflexes in other Kir-Abbaian languages, claiming that Rottland's reconstructions (1982) led him to posit two separate roots (2001:416). However, his first root, fiːkɪtɛŋ, should have the kɪ- morpheme broken off. That done, the root, tɛŋ, is very close to

the distinct root,t ̪àŋ. Ehret's reconstruction of the former for PNS isː *T̪ ɛ ́ or *T̪ ɛh́ . If these two roots are ultimately related, the ŋ may have been the earlier form which changed to h and then 0. Loss of the velar nasal may have triggered a changed to high tone. The high feature of the velar nasal may have raised the vowel before the velar was lost. Note: A similar word for 'cow' shows up in Yaso (Gumuz), eetəŋgɑ. This is possibly a borrowing from Kir-Abbaian languages (or Eastern Sudanic, to use Bender's classification) into Gumuz. Thus, there is not likely any special relationship. However, the more common word for 'cow', musà, may be related to the plural form for 'ox' in Maa. This could possibly be 'bull' or 'ox' + 'milk' sa. See: l-mɔ́ŋɔ́ ‘Ox’; ɔl-ɔɨŋɔ́nɨ ‘Bull’.

n-k ́tɛ́ŋ [North]3 1 • [North]

[North] Acc pl: n-kícú. [North] Nom pl: n-kícu. n.

A win in the bao game. 2 • [North] New baby tooth.

ɛn-k ́tɛ́ŋɛ́na sg: n-k

See: a-ɨtɛɛ́ŋ ‘To

deprive’.

Nom sg: ɛn-kɨtɛ́ŋɛna. [North] Acc sg: n-kɨtɛŋɛ́na. [North] Nom

́tɛŋɛ́na. [North] Acc pl: n-kɨtɛŋɛnát. n. Education, educating, teaching, instruction, lesson, practice.

en-kitepét n. Top edge of the ear, helix of ear. en-kítérúnotó Nom sg: en-kiterúnotó. n. Beginning. See: a-ɨtɛ́r ‘To begin’; ɛ-ŋásúnotó ‘beginning’.

kitet Acc pl: kiteti. adj. Dry, arid. ol-kitetoi Acc pl: il-kiteto. n. Kind of tree. kíti1 excl. Expression used when challenged (eg. by one's father) over

and over to do sth. and when finally giving in; "Enough, okay!". This would not be said by a parent when finally giving into the badgering of a child.

ol-kíti2 kɨt ́

n. 1 • The

2 • [North] Nom sg: k

feeling of kíti.

To respect.

́tɨ. Acc pl: kʉt ́t ̄(k). Nom pl: kʉ́tɨt .́ [North] Acc pl: kʉt ́tɨ. adj.quant. 1 • Small in dimension; little. In at least some areas, kɨt ́ my cover

a broader range (from 'small' to 'mid-sized') than kíni. ɔlcaní kɨt ́ a little tree. Kɛ́ ́kʉt ́t ́k ɨlkʉ́lɛta lɔ́ɔnkʉ́lák lɛ́nyɛ. Their bladders are small. Kɨt ́ ɔláyíóní káke ḿmɛ ɔt ́. The boy is small but not young. (W). Ant: kitók ‘Big’; Syn: kinyí ‘Small’.

in amount or quantity; few. ɛnkárɛ́ k ́t ́ a little water; low water. See: kʉt ̂ ‘Few, little’; ak ́tɨ ‘Slowly’. 2 • Small

in age. ɔlcaní kɨt ́ a young tree. ɛnkayíóni kɨt ́ a young boy. in-kera kʉtɨtɨ small children. See: ɔt ́ ‘Young, new (masc)’. 3 • Young

new (of rain). Áyíéú ɛnkɨt ́ shâî. I want a little (amount of) tea. (W). Áyíéú shâî kɨt ́. I want a little (amount of) tea. (W). Ɛm ́r ɛlɛ́ dúkáa imbúkúí sídaîn. This shop sells good books. (W). *Ɛm ́r ɛlɛ́ dúkáa isídaîn búkúí This shop sells good books. (W). 4 • Early,

kɨtɨ penyo! A little smaller/less! oi kɨtɨ Usage: (derog). How small! kɨtɨ kɨtɨ! Usage: expression of sneering. small, small! maa kʉtɨtɨ! Slowly, slowly!. Little by little! Bit by bit! áá kʉ́tɨt ́! slowly! Téjo áá kʉ́tɨt ́. Say it slowly. (Pk). ɛn-kɨt ́ n. Acc pl: ɨn-kʉtɨtɨ. n. 1 • Little bit, little one, small one. 2 • Small one. ɛnkɨt ́ shaní a small tree (W). Ayieu ɛnkɨtɨ alem. I want a small knife. Alo ashet ɛnkɨtɨ aji. I'm going to build a small house. Impot ɛnkɨtɨ ayioni! Call a small boy! Toriko ena kɨtɨ kerai! Take this small child! entítō bótór o ɛnkɨt ́ títō nanak ́ta ɔlk ́na An older

girl and a young girl still suckling her mother's breasts. Nélēpī tɛ ɛnk ́tɨ noŋotó. They milked (the cows) in a little valley. Óóí ɛnkɨt ́ árɛ́ náím újúmūjīē ɛnkʉ́tʉ́k Ooh, little water to drink. Enótokí ɛnkɨt ́ túmúrét lɛ́mɛ̂

siî dúóó ɛncán ɛ tóki. We have gotten some early showers, but not really enough rain. (W).

ɛn-k ́t ́b ́rata n. Construction, constructing, making. Kɛ́ ́shɨááká ɛnk ́t ́b ́rata ɛnkají. He has made the house in the right way. (S). See: a-ɨtɨb ́r ‘To make’.

n-kɨtɨg ́ra [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-k

́tɨg ́ra. n.sg. [North] Comfort, consolation. See: a-ɨtɨg ́r ‘To comfort’.

ɛ́n-k ́t ́ɨl Nom sg: ɛn-k ́tɨɨl. adj. Shininess, glitteriness. Éísídáí ɛnk ́tɨɨl ɛ́lɛ álɛ́m. The shinyness of this sword is good. (Pk). See: a-itiíl ‘To

en-kítíkíti

be shiny, glittery’; a-ɨmɛrlɛ́l ‘To flash, shine, glitter’.

[North] Acc pl: n-kítíkít. n. 1 • Armpit.

2 • Tickle. Etymology: Proto-Ongamo-Maa 1989:194). However, Maa

*kudikudi 'armpit' (Vossen

kitikit appears to be a reduplication of the root

kit 'scrape.' Thus, the meaning of 'armpit' would be an extenstion from 'tickle' as the reduplicated form of 'scrape'.. Note: Nandi (Southern Nilotic) 'tickle' kɛɛ-kɪtkɪ ̀t (Creider & Creider 2001). Also Baale 'armpit' is kɪɗɪkɪɗɪ (Moges & Dimmendaal 1998:312). • Nandi 'armpit' is fvːkʊ́ lkʊ́ l (Creider & Creider 2001). • If this root is related to ProtoNilo Saharan *kut 'cut, hit, fight', Bender (1997:122) warns it may be the result of sound symbolism, as the root is so widespread hence its appearance in Niger Congo languages, Swahili (kat-a), and English (cut).

ol-kítíkótó

Nom sg: ol-kitikotó. Acc pl: il-kitikót. Nom pl: il-kítikot. n.

Path, road.

Syn: enk-óítóí

‘Path’.

en-kítíŋótó [Chamus] Acc sg: kítúŋótó. [North] Acc pl: n-kitiŋót. n. End. Ɛ́ ́dɨp ɨnkɛ́râ sukúul tɛ nkitiŋotó ɛlɛ́ ári. Children will finish school at the end of this (calendar) year. Mmɛɨpʉ́táí á ́kātā inê amʉ̂ eúlulû nɛ́mɛ́ɛt́ a enkítíŋótó. You can

never fill there because it is a bottomless pit. (Pk). See: a-itíŋ ‘To come to an end’.

ɛn-k ́t ́pɛ́t

Nom sg: ɛn-kɨtɨpɛ́t. Acc pl: ɨn-k

́t ́pɛta. Nom pl: ɨn-kɨt ́pɛta. n. Upper side of the outer human ear. See: e-ségerua ‘Ear lobe’.

(en-)kítísho kitó

n. Youth,

babyood, childhood, youngness. See: kɨt ́ ‘Young, small’.

Lots. kɛ́nap ́ta ntámesí lkʉ́rʉ́pâ kitó. The camels are carrying lots of luggage. (SN). quant. [North]

en-kitó n. Lots. See: kitók ‘Senior’. en-kitó Nom sg: en-kíto. Acc pl: in-kitúaa. adj.quant. Some kind of, type of. Elotú enkíto mísimísi. Some kind of darkness will come. (W). Ádɔ́l ́ta enkitó tóki sápʉk narʉm ́shɔ́ tɔ sánāg. I see some kind of big thing that is peeping from a bush. (I don't really know what it is.) (W). inkitúāā tokitíŋ sapúkī some kind of big thing (W). en-kitojó Variant: en-kitejó. Nom sg: en-kítojó. Acc pl: in-kitojôn. Nom pl: in-kítejôn. [North] Acc sg: n-kutojó. n. Hare,

rabbit. In S, this is a less common term than n-cípeyô. See: n-cípeyô [North] ‘Hare, rabbit’.

en-kitók1

Nom sg: en-kítōk. Acc pl: in-kitúaak. Nom pl: in-kítuaak. [North]

Acc pl: n-kitúáa. n. 1 • Woman.

Etuŋúáyie inkíshú ɨná kítok

nɛ́mɛ́áta ɛlʉ́kʉ́nyá. That irresponsible woman has left the cows. (W). Syn: ɛ-l ́pɔ́ŋ ‘Woman’. 2 • Wife.

Nélo aɨsh ́r mɛ́ ́shɔrɨ enkitók ɛnyɛ́ bótór. He

went to cry to be given back the old woman. In S, this is a very respectful term, much less common in conversation than ntɔ́mɔ́nɔ́nɨ. Syn: e-ŋóroyioni ‘Wife, woman’; m-paratût ‘Woman, wife’. Etymology: Proto-Ongamo-Maa *kʊtɔk 'big' (Vossen 1989:195), from Proto-Otuko-Maa *-kɨtt-ɔk 'big' (Vossen 1982:333).

en-kitók natudúŋe Woman past menopause (naturally, not because of illness) (lit: woman who is cut).

en-kitók olupí/ɛnk-olʉpí kitók2

woman.

Variant: en-kitók

See: ɛnk-ainí ‘Co-wife’.

olipí. Barren

Nom sg: kítok. Acc pl: kitúaak. Nom pl: kítuaak. [North] Acc pl: kutúáa.

having seniority. Ɔltʉŋáni kɨt ́ ɛɨtáak ́ kítók tɛ súkuúl. It was a young person who was made senior in the school. [North] Nom pl: kútuaa. adj. 1 • Senior;

(of people). Ɛɨrʉ́rɛ ɔlpáyian kítok. The old man has died. (lit: The old man has slept.). 3 • Big. See: sápʉk ‘Big’. 2 • Elderly

great. Ashê olêŋ amʉ̂ ́táshámâ ́ntā ̄ oróréí náa nɨnyɛ́ ɛmbáɛ̂ kítok olêŋ. Thank you because you have loved the word and it is the biggest thing. (C). 4 • Important,

en-kítóó Nom sg: en-kitóo. n. 1 • Authority. Nɛ́tɔ̄n táatá tɛ nkaɨná ɛ tatɛnɛ o lórīkā lɛ nkɨtɔɔ ɛ ɛ́nkAī. He sat today at the right hand of the seat of authority (throne) of God. 2 • Elders. 3 • [North] Glory, greatness, such as is associated with old age.

ɛn-kɨtɔríá

[North] Nom sg: n-k

́tɔríá. n. 1 • Command. 2 • Rule, reighn. See: a-ɨtɔrɛ́ ‘To rule’.

in-kitúak n.pl. Women. See: en-kitók ‘Woman’. en-kítújúŋo n. Will; declaration of how one wants his possessions distributed, and wishes for his family.

en-kítújúŋore

n. The

See: en-kítújúŋore.

making of wills; declarations of how people want their possessions distributed after death. See: enkítújúŋo ‘Inheritance’.

en-kitungúu Acc pl: in-kitunguuní. n. Onion, garlic. kitunkúu Nom sg: en-kítunkúu. Acc pl: in-kitunkuuní. Nom pl: inkítunkuuní. n. Onion, garlic.

Borrowed word: Swahili ?

'onion'.

en-kítuŋat

[North] Nom sg: n-kítúŋat. [North] Acc pl: n-kituŋatí. n. 1 • Fight.

2 • [North]

ol-kitur kɔ́p ól-kítûr kɔ́p

kitunguu

Reprisal party for a raid. Usage: war.

n. Heavy n. Heavy

downpour. downpour.

See: ɛn-cán ‘Rain’. See: ɛn-cán ‘Rain’.

l-k ́tʉ́rá ́ [North] n. [North] Plant sp. Dodonaea angustifolia. ol-kiú [òlkìú] Nom sg: ol-kíū. Acc pl: il-kiushîn. Nom pl: il-kíushîn. [òlkjú] n. 1 • Ant-hill,

termite hill.

2 • Meeting.

Néōshī olkiú sápʉk. They held a big meeting.

See: ɛnk-igúána

n-kíúlét [North]

See: l-cuú

[North] ‘Ant-hill’.

[Purko] ‘Meeting’.

Type of club which has a rounded head and which tapers down to a point at the opposite end; type of ɛ́-síárê. See: ɛ́-síárê ‘Club’.

en-kiúri [South]

n. [North]

Mortar. See: en-téreét ‘Mortar’; enkidoŋ(y)ét ‘Mortar’; l-k ́cɔ́pɛ́t ‘Mortar’.

kɨʉ́t ̄shɔ̄

n. [South]

Nom sg: ?. n. Index

finger.

en-kíwúáŋátá

[North] Acc pl: n-kiwuaŋát. n. Lightning. See: a-

iwúáŋ ‘To flash (of lightening)’.

in-kiwúó

n.pl. Soup.

Tɛ́yɨɛra nɛ́nâ kiwúó peê á ́pɨr. [tɛ́yyɛra

nɛ̀nà kìwwó] Boil that soup so that I stir it. (W).

ɛn-k ́yáí Nom sg: ɛn-kɨyáí. Acc pl: ɨn-k ́yaí. Nom pl: in-k ́yaí. n. 1 • Cup. ́ Ɨncɔɔ́ kɨ kʉlɛ́ tɛ nkɨyáí. Give me milk in a cup. Syn: ɛn-

kɨkómpɛ ‘Cup’. See: em-biláóni; em-pílbíl ‘Cup’; ɛ-mʉshashúri ‘Tin for drinking’. 2 • Tin can. 3 • Female soldier. Borrowed word: English KAR 'Kenya Army Rivals', a group of the British army that were in Kenya in the early 1900s to keep peace. They were using cups that were named after the KAR..

ɔl-k ́yáí Army man; soldier. n-k ́yá ́ [North] n. [North] Large rafter in traditional house. en-kiyamá n. Wedding. See: en-kiamá ‘Marriage, wedding’. l-k ́yámâ [North] n. [North] Big council, baraz, public meeting. ɛn-k ́yaŋɛt Nom sg: ɛn-k ́yáŋɛt. Variant: ɛn-kɨyaŋɛ́t. n. Breath. Ɨmɨdɔ́l á ́kātā ɛnk ́yaŋɛt. You can never see breath. (Pk). See: ayáŋ ‘To breathe’; a-yɛ́ŋ [North] ‘To breathe’.

ɛn-k ́yaŋɛt ɛ́ nkáí [ɛ̀ŋkɪ ́yaŋɛt ɛ́ ŋk!áí] Holy Spirit (lit: breath of God). Óre oshî ɔltʉŋáni pɔɔk ́ óíruk ɛnkáí nɛ́ ́shɔ ɛnkaí ɛnk ́yaŋɛt ɛnyɛ́. Everyone who believes in God, God gives him/her His Holy Spirit. (Pk). See: ɔl-táʉ́ ‘Heart’; a-yáŋ ‘To breathe’.

l-k ́yɛ [North] die’.

[North] Nom sg: l-kɨyɛ́. n.sg. [North]

n-kɨyɛmá [North]

Death.

See: a-yɛ́ ‘To

́yɛmá. [North] Acc pl: n-kɨyɛmân. n. [North] Marriage. See: a-yɛ́m [North] ‘To marry’; en-kiyamá [North] ‘Wedding’.

n-kɨyɛpá [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-k

[North] Nom sg: n-k

́yɛpá. n. [North] One who goes to live among another Samburu clan; outsider.

l-kíyóí [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-kiyóí. [North] Acc pl: l-kíyo. [North] Nom

l-k ́yɔk [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-k

pl: l-kíyô. n. [North]

Tear (of the eye).

See: ol-kíyíóí ‘Tear’.

́yɔ̂k. [North] Acc pl: n-kiyáa. [North] Nom pl: n-kíyaá. n. [North] Ear. This is the most general term in S. See: en-kíook ‘Ear’; máróroi [North] ‘Ear’. 1 • [North] Handle (eg. of cup, pot, drum). 2 • [North] Warrior's ivory earring.

en-kiyopó

Nom sg: en-kíyopó. n.sg. Usage: vulgar. Sexual

intercourse. See: e-lólóíto ‘Sexual intercourse’; nára [North] ‘Sexual intercourse’.

en-kíyúpúyūp n. Flaming of a fire. en-kiyíéú Nom sg: en-kíyieu. Acc pl: in-kíyíéútie. Nom pl: in-kiyieutíé. [North] Acc sg: n-k

́y ́ɛ́ʉ̄. [North] Nom sg: n-k ́yɨɛʉ. n. 1 • Fatty part of the slaughtered cow, sheep or goat between the front legs; brisket. See: ɔl-ɔ́ ́kʉ́lʉ́ ‘Fatty part between the front legs when cooked’. 2 • Special friend with whom a Maasai man will share the special meat en-kiyíéú when ɔl-k ́tɛ́ŋ lɔɔ́ l-báa is slaughtered. He will forever become his most trusted and respected man. 3 • Calf given to a person at birth, which will have a very special relationship to that person. 4 • [North] Frendship established at circumcision. One's n-k ́y ́ɛ́ʉ̄ may be asked for significant gifts, which cannot be refused.

ɔl-kiyíéú Brisket. en-kiyîô [èŋkìyyô] Nom sg: en-kíyíó. Acc pl: in-kiyiotín. Variant: in-

kiyíótin. Nom pl: in-kíyiotin. Variant: in-kíyioitin. [North] Nom sg: nkíyio. [North] Acc pl: n-kiyiotín. [North] Nom pl: n-kíyiotín. n. 1 • Child or fetus who has died. Usage: Reference to a past time. Ɛnkárná ɛ́napá kiyîô natúá ɛná. This is the name of the young girl who died. Ɛshɔmɔ́ pápaaí aasaayá ɛndâ áŋ naituráyie enkiyîô. My father has gone to visit that family that has lost a child. (W).

2 • Woman

who had not given birth before dying.

girl, or person of any age. Usage: derog. "Enkiyîô ɛ́ ɛndâ áŋ nátupurróíyie emotí!" "It is the (wretched?) girl from that village who stole the cooking pot!". 4 • Unborn fetus. 5 • Offspring. Usage: vocative. 6 • Dame. 3 • Young

ol-kiyîô

1 • Big

girl (esp. in terms of body size). Usage: Contemptuous, rare. 2 • [North] Boy.

en-kiyîô é nkoríóŋ Still birth. See: en-títō ‘Girl’. ol-kíyíóí Nom sg: ol-kiyioí. Acc pl: il-kíyio. Nom pl: IIIa. Nom pl: il-kíyíò.

[Chamus] Acc sg: kíyóí. [North] Acc sg: l-kíyóí. [North] Nom sg: l-kiyóí. [North] Acc pl: l-kíyo. [North] Nom pl: l-kíyô. n. 1 • Tear

ɨlkíyio táatá. I will cry tears today.

(of the eye). Ká ́sh ́ru

2 • Weeping. 3 • Cry

of alarm.

Swahili

kebe 'box, can, pot'.

in-kíyīāā Nom pl: in-kíyiaá. n.pl. Ears. See: en-kíook ‘Ear’. e-údótó oó nkíyīāā Piercing of ears. l-kɔ́bɔ [North] [North] Nom sg: l-kɔ́bɔ̂. n. [North] Tin can. Etymology: < n-kóbô [North] [North] Small can used by warriors to store red ochre.

n-kɔdɛ́ [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-kɔ́dɛ. [North] Acc pl: n-kɔdɛ́ta. Variant: n-

kɔdɛ̂n. n. [North] Skin cover worn by girls at dances and celebrations.

kódeê kódi1 kódi2

pn.inter. Where? See: kóreê ‘Where’.

Nom sg: kodí. n. Taxes. Borrowed word: Swahili greeting. An

kodi.

expression by an outsider to alert the insider of his/her desire to get into the house. Borrowed word: Swahili hodi

'inquiry about coming in'.

kódílé [North]

Nom sg: kódile. n. 1 • [North]

Bull that is

congenitally without testicles; unfertile. 2 • [North] Male with one testicle. See: ɔ-sáídóŋóí; ɔsʉ́nash ‘Castrated male’; ɔl-dárpóí ‘Congenitally emasculated male animal’; ol-kúuntâ ‘Emasculated male animal’; ɛntápɨs ‘Hermaphrodite’; sʉnkʉlaité ‘Hermaphrodite’.

ol-kódónyó

Nom sg: ol-kodonyó. Acc pl: il-kódóny. Nom pl: il-kodóny.

[North] Acc sg: l-kódónyíó. [North] Nom sg: l-lodonyíó. [North] Acc pl: l-

kodónyion. [North] Nom pl: l-kódonyíón. n. 1 • Back of the human head, end of the skull. 2 • [North] Rear or posterior upper corner (of anything). See: enkomóm ‘Forehead’.

en-kódóós

Nom sg: en-kodoós. Acc pl: in-kodoosí. Nom pl: in-kódoosí.

[North] Acc sg: n-kɔ́dɔ́ɔs ́ . [North] Nom sg: n-kɔdɔɔ́s. n. 1 • Leg. Usage: contemptous. 2 • [North]

Type of calabash made from wood used to store butter. This container is made from lókúdóŋít tree. 3 • [North]

Calabash drunk out of by boys. See: en-kúkúrí ‘Gourd’; l-kantîr ‘Type of calabash made from wood’; n-conkór(r) ‘Type of calabash made from sisal fibre’; l-bolibóli ‘Type of calabash used to store fat used by a girl to oil her body’.

in-Kóíle ol-koírra

n. Maa

name of a town.

Nom sg: ol-kóirra. Acc pl: il-koirraní. Nom pl: il-kóirraní. n.

Usage: Colloquial. Hyena.

has eaten the bones.

Ɛ́ ́nɔ́sá olkóirra ilóik. The hyena

See: ɔl-ŋɔj

́nɛ ‘Hyena’.

en-kóítóí See: enk-óítóí ‘Path’. n-kokó [North] n. [North] Fence for a manyatta (kraal) made from thorn bushes.

n-kokô [North]

Grandmother.

[North] Nom sg: n-kókô. [North] Acc pl: ókoi. n. [North]

See: kokoô ‘Grandmother’.

l-kɔ́kɔ́ [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-kɔkɔ́. [North] Acc pl: l-kɔ́kɔ̂n. [North] Nom

pl: l-kɔkɔ́n. Variant: kúku; kúku. n. [North]

Cock, rooster.

See: ol-

cogóo ‘Cock’. Etymology: This form may be due to onomatopoeia, but consider Swahili kuku. Vossen (1982:345) reconstructs Proto-Teso-LotukoMaa *-kɔ-kɔr- 'chicken', from Proto-Eastern Nilotic *-kɔr- 'chicken'.. Note: This North Maa form was not cited in Vossen 1982. Whether the North Maa word is genetically inherited, or borrowed (from Turkana ɛ́-kɔ̂-kɔr-ɔ́ɪ ́t?) is unknown.

n-kɔ́kɔ́ [North] [North] Hen. See: e-lúkunku ‘Fowl, hen’; ɛnkʉ́rlɛ́ ‘Hen, chicken’.

ol-kokóla

Nom sg: ol-kókola. Acc pl: il-kokolaní. Nom pl: il-kókolaní. n.

The medicine is made by harvesting the bark or roots, cutting them into pieces, and boiling it to add to meat soup or as a drink when "cut" with fat. It is used to strengthen one, and is believed to dissolve blood clots, alleviate symptoms of gonhorrea, relieve pain, make one urinate easily, and for back-ache. The boiled liquid is very dark yellowish (the color of coffee). The olkokóla medicine from trees that grow in highland regions is not very powerful; that from arid regions is very strong and it is this that is primarily used.Type of tree with roughly oval-shaped leaves, from which a medicine is made.

en-kókonyî

n. Burned

cooking pot.

kokoô

part of a meal stuck to the bottom of the

Nom sg: kókóô,

kókoô. Variant: kókoô. Acc pl: i-noó-kokoô. [West] Acc sg: kokóô. [North] Nom sg: kókoô. [North] Acc pl: oó-kokoô. [North] Nom pl: óo-kokoô. n. Grandmother, old woman. Átɔ́dúa kokóô ŋolé. I saw the grandmother yesterday. (W). May be used vocatively (like English "grandma"); endearing term.

en-kokórdē

Nom sg: en-kókórde. Acc pl: in-kokórdēn. Nom pl: in-

kókordén. n. Front extension of the ɔl-máíroto side of the house, which provides privacy at the door and protects the doorway from wind.

a-kɔkɔ́t

v.prog. To

scratch deeply, as if to make a wound in the body

or on the ground. Usage: This is more serious than a-kɔ́rd, and would not be used to describe scratching an itch (unless one wanted to scratch an ich really hard and deeply).. See: a-ój ‘To scratch’.

ol-kókóyóí

Nom sg: ol-kokoyóí. Acc pl: il-Kokóyo. Variant: il-Kokóyok.

Nom pl: il-Kókoyo. [West] Acc pl: ɨl-kɔkɔ́yɔ. [North] Acc pl: l-Kɔkɔyɔ .́ n.

́ á largest tribe in Kenya. Ɛy ɨlmʉ́rrán inkíshú oó lKokóyo. The warriors will steal cows of (from) the Kikuyu. Usage: Word is most often used in the plural.. 1 • Kikuyu

tribe.

Usage: pl. The

person. Usage: sg. Ɛshɔmɔ́ olKokoyóí. The Kikuyu person will go. (W). See: ol-kókóyóí ‘Kikuyu person’. 2 • Kikuyu

en-kokúáí

Nom sg: en-kokuaí. Acc pl: in-kókua. Nom pl: in-kókúa. [West]

Acc sg: en-kókúáí. [North] Acc sg: n-kákúáí. n. 1 • Pleiades,

a group of stars that is visible in the sky during the long rainy season. ́ áá taá kɛ́shá amʉ̂ eiléputúā inkókúa. It Usage: plural. Ɛt is now going to rain because the Pleiades have risen up (appeared on the sky).

shower. Ɛt́ áshâ inkókúa. The heavy rain has come. (lit: The pleiades have rained.). The singular may indicate one day of rain during the long rainy season. The plural is the common form, indicating the long rainy season. 2 • Heavy

ɔl-ɔɔ́ nkókua Descriptive name of one of the months in the

Maasai calender, comparable to March-April (lit: the one of the heavy rains).

Nɔɔ́-nkókua Married woman's name. See: ɔl-ári ‘Rainy season’; ɛn-cán ‘Rain’.

l-kókún [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-kokún. [North] Acc pl: l-kókuno. [North]

Nom pl: l-kókúno. n. [North]

Bank, shore (of river, lake, etc.).

a-kɔldɔɔ́ny v. To scoop out. a-kolíán v. To introduce a bereaved woman to the life of

widowhood, particularly by removing ornaments which signify

that a woman is married (ie. the marriage chain emónyórít from the beaded leather earrings inconíto oó nkíyia, worn by married women).

en-kolií n. See: enk-olií ‘Antelope’. en-kolikólo Nom sg: en-kólikólo. Acc pl: in-kolikoloní. Nom pl: in-

kólikoloní. n. Bird about 4-5 inches in length, bright irridescent blue back and chest, orange belly separated from chest by a white transverse strip, white under the tail. White ring around the eye. Very chattery and social with other members of the group.

n-kɔlɔ́s [North] n. [North]

firewood.

Nom sg: n-kólos. Acc pl: n-kolosîn. Nom pl: n-kólosîn.

Skin cloth made for young girls for carrying

ɨn-kɔmá Nom pl: ɨn-kɔ́ma. n.pl. Insanity, craziness; foolishness. Kɛ́ár ̄shɔ̄ ɔltʉ́ŋání ɔ́ata ɨnkɔmá. A crazy person beats people.

See: a-mɔdá ‘To

ol-koncóorr

be insane’.

Nom sg: ol-kóncoor. Acc pl: il-koncoorrí. Nom pl: il-

kóncoorrí. [West] Acc pl: íl-kóncóórrî. [North] Acc sg: l-koncóôrr. n. 1 • Chain. Ɛadɔ́ kʉlɔ́ kóncóórrî. [kʊ̀lɔ́ kòncòòrrì] These chains are long. (W). 2 • [North] Wooden hook used to pull thorny bushes (eg. for building a thorn fence); for harvesting acacia pods, etc. See: ɔltárgɛ́ ‘Wooden hook’.

l-kɔ́ndɛ́ [North]

[North] Nom sg: lkɔndɛ́. [North] Acc pl: l-kɔ́ndɛ̂n. [North]

Nom pl: l-kɔndɛ́n. n. See: ɔl-kɔ́nd

ɔl-kɔ́nd ́

́ ‘Coke's hartebeest’.

Variant: ɔl-kɔ́ndɔ́. Nom sg: ɔl-kɔnd .́ Acc pl: ɨl-kɔ́nd

̂n. [North] Acc sg: l-kɔ́ndɛ́. [North] Nom sg: l-kɔndɛ́. [North] Acc pl: l-kɔ́ndɛ̂n. [North] Nom pl: l-kɔndɛ́n. n. [North] Coke's hartebeest; kongoni. Alcelaphus buselaphus. Said to be highly endangered in Kenya. ɛlɛ̂ kɔ́nd ́ that hartebeest.

in-koníto oó nkíyīāā

Nom pl: in-kónito

oó nkíyīāā. n.pl. Ear ornament worn in the lower ear rim, by married women;

earring flaps.

én-kónkô

Nom sg: én-kónkô. [predictably lowers to [èn-kònkò] in context] Acc pl: ín-

kónkóî. [[íŋkóŋkóî] with four morae] Nom pl: ín-kónkóî. [predictably lowers to [ìŋkònòì] in context] n. Short sharply-pointed club for killing wild animals. Syn: ɛ́-síárɛ̂ ‘Short club’.

n-kɔnkɔ́rr [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-kɔ́nkɔrr. [North] Acc pl: n-

kɔnkɔrrí. [North] Nom pl: n-kɔ́nkɔrrí. n. [North] Traditional drinking vessel. See: m-p ́l ́p ́l [North] ‘Traditional cup’.

kónkorró [North]

[North] Nom sg: kónkorró. n.sg. [North]

born disease of goats.

ol-konôî

Fatal tick-

Nom sg: ol-kónoi. Acc pl: il-konó. Nom pl: il-kóno. n. 1 • Hyena

(spotted or striped). crocuta crocuta, hyaena hyaena. In S, this is the generic term for hyena. Ɛ́ ́nɔ́sá olkónoi ilóik. The hyena has eaten the bones. See: ɔl-ŋɔj ́nɛ ‘Hyena’; l-owuorú [North] ‘Beast, predator’.

animal that eats sth. greedily. M ́sár ɛndáa ánaa olkonôî. Don't scramble for food (eat too fast) like a olkonôî. (W). 2 • Any

a-kɔnɔ́r [West]

v.prog. 1 • [West]

To hide sth.

To keep sth. safe. Ákɔ́nɔ́r ́ta ɨmpɛ́saí. I am keeping money safe (implied: where no one will find it). (W). See: a-isudoó ‘To hide’. 2 • [West]

ɔl-kɔ́nɔ̂s

Nom sg: ɔl-kɔ́nɔ̂s. Acc pl: íl-kónósî. Nom pl: íl-kónósî. n.

1 • Pocket-like

fold in a woman's garment. 2 • Bag made of skin for keeping valuables usually by women. 3 • [West] Flexible container used to carry sth. in, such as a skin, bag, fold in a garment; used by men or women.

ɔl-kɔ̂ny

n. Force.

métíī ɛarakínotó ɔ aashʉ̂ ɔlkɔ̂ny without

power or force. See: a-ɨkɔ́ny ‘To seize’.

n-kɔɔ́k [Chamus] n. [Chamus] Frog. See: ol-tuaâ ‘Frog’. kɔɔ́n [North] pn. [North] Self. Mɛáta ɨkumojíno ɔ́ʉ̂t kɔɔ́n.

There is no finger that points at itself. (S). Etymology:

Related to Proto-Lotuko-Maa 'body', which Vossen reconstructs as *-kuan- (Vossen 1982:336).. See: kɛwɔ́n; kɛwán; kaán ‘Self’.

en-kóonkóni

Nom sg: en-kóonkóni. Acc pl: in-kóonkón. Nom pl: in-

kóonkón. n. Bed-bug.

Koora n.prop. Place in Kajiado District, Kenya. l-kóoyó [North] [North] Acc pl: l-kooyoní. n. [North] Larva of the stingless bee.

ɛn-kɔ́p

See: l-cóbi

[North] ‘Stingless bee’.

Nom sg: ɛn-kɔ̂p. Acc pl: in-kuapí. Nom pl: in-kúápi. [North] Acc pl: n-

kopí. [North] Nom pl: n-kópi. n. 1 • Ground, earth, soil; floor. Ɛ́ ́rrag tɛ nkɔ̂p. It is lying on the ground. Ɛnkɔ́p ɛná. This is the floor. (W) To dig a shallow trench in the ground.

Etuduŋóki ɛnkɔ́p. Land was demarcated. ɛnkɔ́p nátóyíó [ɛ̀ŋkɔ́p ! nátóyyó] dry arid land. 3 • Country. ɛnkɔ́p áŋ, Kenya our country, Kenya. ɛnkɔ́p ɛ bɔɔ́ foreign country (lit: country outside). Tɔɔ́ nkúápi ɛ́ bɔɔ́ yɛ́wuak ́. It is brought from the foreign countries. Kɛ́yá ́ta oltíkáná ɨltʉ́ŋáná olêŋ tɔɔ́ nkuapí ɔlɔ́ɔrɔ́ɔk ́ . Malaria is 2 • Land.

killing a lot of people in Africa. (lt. in the countries that are black).

world. Eyéwuo olkérretí tɔ́rrɔnɔ̂ ɛnkɔ́p lémēūrē ɨnkɛ́râ intóiwúó. Bad customs have come to the land (society, nation) where children do not respect their parents. (Pk). Eyéwuo oltúlet tɔ́rrɔnɔ̂ ɛnkɔ́p lɛ́mɛ́yányit inkɛ́râ intóiwúó. A bad generation has come to the world where children do not respect parents. (Pk). ɛnkɔ́p pɔɔk ́(n) the whole world/land. 5 • [North] Region, area. See: en-kurmá ‘Garden, field’; olcámpa ‘Field, parcel of land’; ɛ́-mʉ́kʉ́ntâ ‘Cultivated garden or field’; ɔl-ɔkɛr ;́ ol-opolóli ‘Grazing field’; pága ‘Communal restricted land’; Naɨtɛ́rrʉkɔ́p ‘Beginner of the world’. 4 • Society;

ɛn-kɔpɛ́ra [North] Acc sg: n-kopérai. n. Animal, related to n-kotií. n-koperrerrí [North] Nom pl: n-kóperrerrí. n.pl. [North]

Ceremonial branches hanged on the entrance of the house where newly-initiated boys and/or girls live. See: ɔ́látîm ‘Branches planted on the entrance to the house of the newly-initiated boys and/or girls’; ɛn-k ́pɛ́rrɛ́rr ‘Ceremonial branch’.

kɔp ́kɔ̄p

n. 1 • North,

the north. In Maa tradition, the north belongs to the right-hand side of the world. During burial a corpse is laid out with the head to the north, facing east. 2 • [North] South or east. 3 • [North] An indeterminate direction.

en-kopíyia n. Hat, cap. See: enk-opíyia ‘Hat, cap’. a-kórd v.prog. To bend sth. Kákórdíto aná senkêî. I am bending this wire. (SN). See: a-kordíl; a-kɔr ́ny; a-g ́l ‘To bend sth.’.

a-kordó

be crooked, be bent. sobúá nakórdo [sòbwá] herding stick that is crooked (SN). Kókórdo aná sénkei. This wire/metal is crooked. (SN). 2 • To be lame. v.mid. 1 • To

a-kɔ́rd v.prog. 1 • To scratch so as to leave a mark; bruise. Ɛt́ ɔ́kɔ́rdá ɛnkɛ́ráí ɛmpákâ. The child has been scratched by the cat. (Pk). Ɛt́ ɔ́kɔ́rdá ɛnkɔ̂p ɛnkɛ́ráí natabatátɛ. The ground has bruised a child that has fallen. (Pk). This would not be used for gentle scratching of itchy skin just to relieve the itching. See: akárd; a-ój ‘To scratch’; a-kɔkɔ́t ‘To scratch deeply’. vaccinate. Ɛshɔmɔ́ dúóó ɛnkɛráí mɛtɔ́kɔ̄rd ̄. The child went to get a vaccine. (Pk). 3 • To hook sth. 2 • To

a-kɔrdɨkɔ́rd To scratch repeatedly. a-kordíl v.prog. To bend, twist, coil sth. so it stays in a bent shape. Ákórdílíto. I am bending it. (W). See: a-irrúg ‘To bend’.

a-kordó To be lame. a-kordiló Variant: a-kordiró. v.mid. To be bent, twisted, coiled. Ekórdíro ɛŋʉd ̂. The stick is bent. Ɛg ́rā akordiló ɔlcɛ́tā. The stick is bending. Ɛg ́ra eŋúdî alotú aɨsɨrɨr ́ amʉ̂ kékordílo náají. The stick is coming to be straight kóre1 kóre2

because it was crooked. (Pk).

Variant: kóreê. [North] Acc sg: kore. Where

See: kóreê; Where; which conj. 1 • When,

2 • [North]

one.

if; from k-óre.

(is)? Where (are)?

See: óre ‘Discontinuity’.

Clause-initial or second-position particle indicating that a main clause constituent has been fronted before the main verb. This particle often correlates with a change of topic. See: óre peê ‘When, if, so that’.

kóreê

(is)? Kóreê inkíshú? Where are the cows? Kóreê ɛnkalámu nárɔ́k? Where is the black pen? Kóreê ɔlápa? [kóréé] Where is the moon? (W). Kóreê Leríónka? Where is Lerionka? (W). Variant: kódeê. pn.inter. Where

a-kɔr ́ny

v.prog. To

cause to assume a crooked or angular form; bend sth. Tɔ́kɔrɨnya! Bend it! Ákɔ́r ́ny ́ta eŋúdi. I am bending the stick. Téjo ɛs ́pátá m ́kɔr ́ny ɨlɔmɔ́n. Say the truth, don't lie. (lit. don't make the news crooked). The object bent has inner elasticity so that it springs back into its original shape, or it may stay in the bent shape. Could do this to a wire. Could not do this to a cow's neck. See: a-kordíl; a-irrug; a-olól ‘To bend sth.’; acúk [North] ‘To bend’; a-kɔ́rd ‘To bend’.

a-kɔrɨnyá 2 • To

v.mid. 1 • To

be crooked.

n-kórís [North]

be bent.

adj. [North]

ears or with small ears’.

en-korkor

Having small ears.

See: m

́n ́s ‘Without

Acc pl: in-korkori. n. Cowbell. Etymology: < Proto-Kalenjin * (kur)kur < Proto-Baz *kor 'cowbell' (Heine, Rottland & Vossen 1979:86).

a-kɔrkɔ́rt v.prog. To set sth. on the fire ready to cook. Ákɔ́rkɔ́rt ́ta ɛndáa. I am setting the food onto the fire. (W). Ákɔ́rkɔ́rt ́ta emotí. I am setting the pot onto the fire. (W). l-kórmósioi [North] [North] Nom sg: l-kormósioí. [North] Acc pl: lkórmósio. [North] Nom pl: l-kormosíó. n. [North] Plant sp. which has an edible fruit. Canthium lactescens.

ɔl-kɔrɔ ́

Nom sg: ɔl-kɔ́rɔ .́ Acc pl: ɨl-kɔrɔ

̂n. Nom pl: ɨl-kɔ́rɔ ̂n. n. Colobus monkey. Colobus, colobus polykomos. Mol (1996:210) notes that Maasai warriors used to wear leg-bands, tied under the knee, made from strips of the skin of the black-and-white colobus monkey.

l-koror [North]

Acc pl: l-korori. n. [North]

youth (male or female).

Bed for a circumcised

en-korotí n. Fluid excreta (eg. from diaorrhea?). en-korotík n. 1 • Watery dung, watery excrement. 2 • Fat. See: in-kík ‘Faeces’.

ɔl-kɔrɔy ́

Nom sg: ɔl-kɔ́rɔy .́ Acc pl: ɨl-kɔrɔy

Colubus monkey.

n-kórrímpâ [North]

̂n. Nom pl: ɨl-kɔ́rɔy ̂n. n.

Nom sg: n-kórrímpâ. Acc pl: n-korrimpaní. Nom

pl: n-kórrimpaní. n. [North]

Small house; temporary structure used during migration. See: ɛnk-ají ‘House’; en-kisonó; esurúsurî ‘Abandoned house’; o-séêt; o-rrípíé ‘Small house for shepherds’.

kórríót

adj. Slow

in growth; not fully grown as expected. This is normally due to sickness or genes. Éíkórríót embulúnotó ɛ́na kɛ́ráí. The growth of this child is (abnormally) slow.

l-korrór [North]

Nom sg: l-kórror. Acc pl: l-korrorrí. Nom pl: l-

kórrorri. n. [North] Bed. Á ́d ́pa atɛshɛ́ta lkorrór I have finished making a bed. (S). Lkorrór étéwúéníé lpáyian It is the bed that the man has sat on. (S). kéíkiní ɛlɛ́ kórror This bed is small. (S). See: e-rruât; ɛn-dápásh ‘Bed’; l-tápʉ́tɛ́t [Chamus] ‘Bed’.

l-korrórr [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-kórrorr. [North] Acc pl: l-korrorrí.

[North] Nom pl: l-kórrorrí. n. [North]

Tall bed constructed in the kraal on which people sleep to avoid mosquitos.

n-kósúkóú [North]

Motherless baboon that keeps on being beaten by other baboons. See: l-ótim [North] ‘baboon’.

ɛn-kɔ́shɔ́láí

Nom sg: n-kósukóú. n. [North]

Nom sg: ɛn-kɔshɔláí. Acc pl: ɨn-kɔ́shɔla. Nom pl: ɨn-kɔ́shɔ́la.

n. 1 • Copper,

silver piece. 2 • Money. Usage: pl. See: e-ropíyia; ɛm-p ́sáí; en-cilinkí ‘Money’.

l-kótékóté [North] [North] Nom sg: l-kotekoté. n. [North] Hornbill. ɛn-kɔt ́ Nom sg: ɛn-kɔ́tɨ. Acc pl: ɨn-kɔt ̂n. Nom pl: ɨn-kɔ́tɨn. n. 1 • Small calabash; often used as a lid for a larger milk calabash, or for beer or milk used in blessing ceremonies. 2 • A small gourd still on the plant.

n-kotií [North]

n. [North]

Antelope with long horns, a white stomach and orange sides. Taller than ɛn-kɔpɛ́ra. See: ɛntárakuet ‘Impala’; súrua ‘Eland’.

l-kɔtɨkɔtɛ́ [North] [North] Nom pl: l-k

a-kotót [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-kɔ́tɨkɔtɛ́. [North] Acc pl: l-lɔtɨkɔtɛ̂n.

́tɨkɔtɛ̂n. n. [North] Hornbill.

Tockus.

v. [North]

To scratch and injure with claws or nails. See: a-kárd ‘To scratch’.

l-kɔtɔtɔtɛ́ [North]

n. [North]

n-kóyíɛ́gɛ [North]

[North] Acc pl: n-koyíɛ́gɛn. n. [North]

Red-billed hornbill; the female sheds its feathers for the nest and stays with its babies, while the males feed both the mother and babies. See: ol-óítíkó ‘Zebra’; ɔl-kánká ‘Type

kʉ́rʉ̂m ‘Type of zebra’.

n-kɨrɛ́wuaj [North]

of zebra’; l-óíbór

Zebra.

Variant: n-kíréwuaj. [North] Nom sg: n-k

́rɛwuaj.

Heat, warmth. Ákúɛ́ta ŋolé náaâr nkíréwuaj. Yesterday I ran and got very hot. (lit: I ran yesterday and the) heat beat me. See: a-ɨrowúá ‘To be hot’; a-ɨrɛwúá [North] ‘To be n. [North]

a-kú

hot’.

ripen. Kéku olŋánayíói The fruit will ripen/ripens. (K Pk). Kékú. It will ripen (S). See: a-okú ‘To ripen’. 2 • [North] To become ready to eat, become cooked. PF: -o. v.incep. 1 • To

turn sour (of milk); coagulate, curdle. Óre nɛ́nâ lɛ́ n ́ncɔ ekú. That milk, you let it coagulate. (KS). 3 • To

clot (of blood). Nɨnyɛ́ oshî peê ekú ɔsárgɛ. That is why blood clots. (KS). 5 • To undergo fermentation; sour. 6 • To brew beer. See: e-ó13 ‘(To) be ripe’. Etymology: The source of this word may be Proto-Teso-Lotuko-Maa *-gur- 'brew beer' (Vossen 4 • To

1982ː340). This genetic relationship is a hypothesis based on lexical similarity, and not yet on evidence from regular correspondence sets..

ol-kúaak

Nom sg: ol-kúáâk. Acc pl: il-kúáaki. Nom pl: il-kúááki. n.

Behavior, character, habit. Tɔrrɔ́nɔ̂ taá ɔlkúáâk ópurrishó ɨnkɛ́râ. The habit of children stealing is bad. See: l-wuenét [North] ‘Behavior’.

l-kúáâk [North]

Variant: l-kúak. [North] Nom sg: l-kúáâk. n. [North]

White-bellied go-away-bird; name is onomotopoeic.

Corythaixoides

leucogaster.

n-kʉaamá [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-kúáamá. [North] Acc pl: n-

n-kuaaríé [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-kúáaríé. [North] Acc pl: n-

kʉaamân. n. [North] Smell, odor.

See: e-ŋuán; ol-ŋʉ́s

́l ‘Smell’.

kuaarietín. [North] Nom pl: n-kúáarietín. n. [North] Night. kɛwaríē ‘night’.

l-kúak [North] away-bird’.

n. [North]

Go-away-bird.

See: l-kúáâk

See: ɛn-

[North] ‘Go-

kʉ́ák aŋá interj. Expression of incredulity. A: Káji k ́nkʉ́na ɛntɛmatá? B:Kʉ́ák aŋâ! Á ́ma pɔɔk ́! A: How did you do on the test? B: Incredible! I scored everything!

See: aŋá ‘Incredible’.

n-kúáŋ [North] n. [North] Rabies. in-kuapí n.pl. 1 • Countries. 2 • Abroad. See: ɛn-kɔ́p ‘Land,

country’.

kuaríé [North] adv. [North] At night. See: n-kwaríé [North] ‘Night’. n-kuarrát [North] [North] Nom sg: n-kúárrat. n. [North] Crust of food stuck on the pot.

l-kuás [North]

See: e-mogílōī ‘Burnt

residue’.

Variant: l-kúâs. Nom sg: l-kúas. Acc pl: l-kúásî. Nom pl: l-

kúasî. n. [North] Shallow well on the river bed. Water flows out when sand is scooped out of certain spots on the river bed. See: lárɛ́ ‘Well’; ɔl-cɔ́rrɔ ‘Spring of water’; ol-késúmêt; ɔ-s ́nyáí; olúmpuaní ‘Well’; ol-tínka ‘Bore hole’.

ɛn-kuashé

Variant: en-kwashéi. Nom sg: ɛn-kuáshē. Acc pl: in-kuashên.

Nom pl: in-kúáshen. [Chamus] Acc sg: n-kwɛcîn. n. Potato.

Áatapéjô

ɛnkúáshé náírowua ɛnkʉ́tʉ́k. A hot potato has burnt my mouth. (Pk). Eóto kʉná kúáshen olêŋ. These potatos are overripe. (W). Borrowed word: Kikuyu nɡwacĩ 'potato'. See: ɔlmʉrʉŋkʉ́i ‘Potato’; l-biásɨ [North] ‘Potato’.

kúb [North] n. [North] Long hair. See: ɔl-masí; ol-kújú ‘Long hair’. n-kúbú [North] [North] Nom sg: n-kubú. n. [North] Kori bustard. Ardeotis kori, otididae. See: l-kúbú

maadʉ́p ‘Bustard’.

[North] ‘Male bustard’;

l-kʉ́cáa [North] n. [North] Small desert fox species. (en-)kúé1 [èŋkwé] Nom sg: en-kûê. Acc pl: in-kueishí. Nom pl: in-kúéíshi. [North] Acc pl: n-kuecí. [North] Nom pl: n-kúéci. n. 1 • Skull.

of a person or animal. Ɛt ́pɨká enkopíyia enkúé áí. They put the hat on my head. (W). ɛ́ ́bɔ́rr kúé [ɛ́ɪ ́bɔ́rr kwè] white hair (lit: the head is white). See: ɛn-dʉkʉ́nya; ɛlʉ́kʉ́nyá; ɛn-aɨsʉ ́ ‘Head’. 2 • Head

3 • Sense.

Mɛáta nkúé. (i) He is not reasonable. (S) (ii)

Dreams don't come true. (S) (lit: There isn't a head.). 4 • [North] In front, ahead.

n-kúé [North]2

Nom sg: n-kúé. Acc pl: n-kueshí. Nom pl: n-kúéshi. n.pl.

[North] Honey.

kuecí [North]

See: ɛn-áíshó ‘Honey’.

[North] Nom sg: kúéci. n.r. [North]

Toward the back of a traditional house (ie. where the heads are when one sleeps on the bed). See: (en-)kúé ‘Head’.

n-kúɛ́ɛnyî [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-kúɛ́ɛnyî. [North] Acc pl: n-kúɛ́ɛn ́ y.

[North] Nom pl: n-kúɛ́ɛny. See: en-kúenyî ‘Small

mótonyî ‘Bird’.

a-kúɛ́n

bird’; e-

leave. Ɛtakúɛ́nya ɛldɛ́ páyian ɔ́shɨpa. The man who was happy left.

a-kuɛn ́

v. To

v. To

laugh, express amusement, happiness, careless disrespect etc. Kɛ́kúɛ́nɨ ɔltʉ́ŋání ɔ́sh ̄pā. A happy person laughs. ɔltʉŋáni ɔkʉ́ɛn ́ i A laughing man. Kátɛ́kúɛ́nɨa. [kátɛ́kwɛ́nɪ ̀a] I have laughed. (S).

a-kueniyíé v.inst. To laugh at, ridicule. See: a-shɨpá ‘To be happy’. en-kuenîâ Nom sg: en-kúéníâ. [North] Acc sg: n-kúéníâ. n. 1 • Laughter, joy. In S, this term is frequently used in greetings.

2 • Amusement. See: a-kuɛn

en-kúenyî

́ ‘To laugh’.

[West] Nom sg: en-kúényî. [West] Acc pl: in-kúény. [West] Nom

pl: in-kûêny. [North] Acc pl: n-kúɛ́ɛny. [Chamus] Acc sg: kwéenyi. [North] Acc sg: n-kúɛ́ɛnyî. [North] Nom sg: n-kúɛ́ɛnyî. [North] Acc pl: n-kúɛ́ɛn ́ y. [North] Nom pl: n-kúɛ́ɛny. n. [West]

Bird, small bird; [North] Small

bird, songbird (generic). Ɛtámá inkúény ɨlantɛ́rɛra ŋolé. The birds ate the seeds yesterday. (W). See: e-mótonyî ‘Bird’.

a-kúɛ́t

PF, SUBJN: Class II: a-kúɛ́tá. v.prog. 1 • To

move fast, run; run to or

toward a goal. Ákúɛ́ta. I ran. Ɛyagáyie ɛnkárɛ amʉ̂ kɛ́kuɛt ́ta náají. Water subsided because it was running ́ kuɛt! Run! (plural) then. (Pk). Kúɛ́ta! Run! (singular) (S). Ɛn (S). 2 • To run away. See: a-ipirrí; a-ɨs ́k ‘To run away’. 3 • To give up, withdraw from an argument or fight. 4 • To flinch during circumcision. Flinching due to pain during circumcision is a show of cowardice. It is expected that a boy being circumcised should not move any part of his boy or blink his eyes until the operation is over. Ékúɛ́tá ɔláyíóní peê ɛ́mʉ́rát ̂. The boy flinched with pain when he was circumcised.

a-kúétíé

v.inst. 1 • To

cause to run.

make function. Ákúétíé ɛngárɨ. I will make the car run (eg. by pushing it and running along with it). 3 • To run with or at. 2 • To

a-kuɛtɨk ́

run to or for. Ákúɛ́t ́kɨ kʉndâ kɛ́rā. I will run towards those children. v.dat. To

a-kuɛtak ́ v.dat. To run for. a-kuɛtɨkúɛ́t 1 • To run around; go on running. 2 • To

a-kuɛtʉ́

run gently.

run towards the point of reference. kúɛ́tátá ‘Running’.

ɛn-kúɛ́tátá

v.dir. To

See: ɛn-

Nom sg: ɛn-kuɛtatá. n. Running. See: a-kúɛ́t ‘To

run’.

n-kugúánā [North]

Nom sg: n-kúguana. Acc pl: n-kuguanatí. Nom

pl: n-kúguanatí. n. [North]

a-kúí kuík

Meeting, coming together for discussion and decision-making. v. To

grind.

of farting. Néjo kuík kuík, enoshî kátá éjô ɛdʉmʉ́nyɛ̄... While rising to stand, he farted loudly... (lit: He said kuík kuík, the time when he arose...). ideo. Sound

ol-kúíkûî

[North] Acc sg: l-kúíkûî. [lkwíkwî] [North] Nom sg: l-kúíkui. n.sg.

1 • Dog. See: ɔl-kúyúkúí ‘Dog’. 2 • [North]

Agitation, rabble-rousing, disaffection, clamour.

en-kúíkúí Nom sg: en-kuikúí. n. Puppy. ́a-kʉ́j v. To force into a packed physical space; jampack. See: a-rʉ́j ‘To force into a state physically’.

ɛn-kʉ́j ́tá

Nom sg: ɛn-kʉjɨtá. Acc pl: ɨn-kʉ́j ́t. Nom pl: ɨn-kʉj ́t. n. 1 • Grass,

short grass (generic). ɨnkʉ́j ́t naanana Tender grass Fresh grass. Kɛ́nyɔ̄rɨ ɨnkʉj ́t. The grass is green. There are different types of grass including ɔlkʉ́j ́tá onyokie, erikárū, ɛmurúa, olopitó, ɔsánkásh, ɛnkaitéteyíai, ɔlɔ́bɔ́bɔ́, oséyíáí, ɔlogor ɔɨŋɔ́k, ɛntapípi, ɔlɔp ́ k ́dɔŋɔ́ɨ, ɔlmágutíán. See: ol-pérésí ‘Type of grass that is long and thin’; ɛn-aimúrrúai ‘Star grass’; nk-amúrruakî [North] ‘Star grass’; l-áráá ‘Type of grass on banks of a river’; ndálankúáni ‘Type of grass on sides of hills’; l-ɔ́l ́l ́ ‘Star grass’; ɔlgʉ́rmɛ́ ‘Bumper grass’. of beads. ɛnkʉ́j ́tá ɔɔ́ saên String of beads. ɛnkʉ́j ́tá ɔɔ́ lmánkai String of Ilmankai (type of beads). 2 • String

ɔl-kʉ́j ́tá Grass, long or tall grass, coarse grass. ɛn-kʉjɨtá ɔɔ́ lmánkai String of beads. ol-kújú Nom sg: ol-kujú. n. Long hair. Usage: Colloquial. n-kʉ́jʉ̂k [North] [North] Nom sg: n-kʉjʉ́k. n. [North] Oldtime ax blade which was attached by a hole bored in the handle.

́a-kʉjʉkʉján

v. To

cause to change arrangement or position; tamper with, disturb.

a-kʉjʉkʉjaná

v.mid. 1 • To

be fidgety; restless. See: a-kʉ́j ‘To jampack’; a-kʉjʉkʉján ‘To cause to change the position or arrangement of’. 2 • To get prepared. Usage: colloquial.

n-kúkó [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-kukó. [North] Acc pl: n-kúk. [North] Nom

pl: n-kúk. n. 1 • [North]

Charcoal. 2 • [North] A hot coal. See: en-kúkúó ‘Charcoal’.

en-kúkunyet [West]

Deeply fried cream. The top cream is skimmed off the fresh milk, which is then boiled and fried. The reddish bits that remain from the deeply fried cream is en-kúkunyet.

en-kúkunyiet

n. [West]

melted meat pieces that have settled to the bottom of a pan. These are cooked (or melted) to render the fat or oil.

en-kúkúó

n. Fatty

Nom sg: en-kukuó. Acc pl: in-kúk. Nom pl: in-kûk. [North] Acc

sg: kúkó. [Chamus] Acc sg: kʉ́kʉ́ .́ n. 1 • Charcoal. 2 • Charcoal-black

in color; the darkest black. 3 • Game played by hiding charcoal (or sth. else) in one hand and having another child guess where it is. See: kúnúnûk ‘Hiding game’.

en-kúkúrí

Nom sg: en-kúkuri. Acc pl: in-kúkúrto. Variant: il-kúkúrto(k).

calabash. aɛnaá ilkúkúrtok tɔ ld ́rɛta peê mɛ́sʉ́lʉ́nyɛ To tie the calabashes on the pack saddles to stop them from falling (Pk). 2 • Gourd or calabash with narrow opening, leather handle, and cap made of sewn leather; used for milk, water, porridge, etc. Usage: traditional. Eyáwúá ŋolé n ́n ́ oltulét olotó ailísh aɨtáá enkúkúrí. Yesterday my mother brought a gourd in its natural state so as to make a usable gourd out of it. Ɛg ́ra Nom pl: in-kukurtó. n. 1 • Gourd,

kʉ́lɛ náatií ɔlkúkúrí áaisamisu. The milk that is in the

calabash is going bad. (Pk). Modernly, the enkúkúrí may be made of hard plastic. 3 • Lid for a gourd. Usage: In Pk, the feminine en-kúkúrí is the most common, basic term for 'calabash'..

ol-kúkúrí Gourd, bigger than ɔlɔt ́, but smaller than ɛmála. Ɛnáíshó aké ɛyaʉ́n ̄, nɛ́p ́k ́ olkúkúrí. The beer

is just brought and it is put into a gourd. See: e-siaŋáu ‘Small calabash’; ɔlɔt ́ ‘Medium-sized calabash’; ɛnk-áyiam (km's pronunciation. originally written ɛnkáyian) ‘Small calabash for beer or milk used in ceremonies’; en-kídoŋ ‘Calabash prepared for holding snuff’; ɛnyaánca ‘Large gourd for serving beer’; ɛ-mála ‘Huge gourd for brewing beer’; o-siaŋáu ‘Calabash with a wide opening’; elepét ‘Calabash for milking’; em-pósoô ‘Ugly, uncared-for calabash’; ɛm-pɔrɔ́rɔ ‘Ugly, uncared-for calabash’; oltulét ‘Unprepared gourd’; l-kútúmpê ‘Brewing calabash’; olmoroí ‘Calabash for beer-brewing’.

ɔl-kúkuû

[North] Nom sg: l-kúkuû. [North] Acc pl: l-kukuuní. [North] Nom pl: il-

kúkuuní. n. 1 • Wild animal. Kɛ́nya naá apá inkúkuní ɨltʉ́ŋáná tíápa. Animals used to eat people in the past. 2 • [North] Monster.

Insect (generic). Káaporito lkúkuû. An insect is creeping on me. (SN). 4 • [North] Insect species (of which nkúkuû is a smaller variety). 3 • [North]

en-kúkuû en-kúukuû [West]

[West] Nom sg: en-kúukuû. [West] Acc pl: in-

kuukuuní. [West] Nom pl: in-kúukuuní. n. 1 • Monster; devil,

demon, ghost, ogre. 2 • [West] Wild animal. 3 • [North] Insect sp.

l-kúkuyîô [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-kúkuyîô. [North] Acc pl: l-

kukuyioní. n. 1 • [North] Generic term for 'wild animal' including predators and insects, but excluding non-predatory animals. See: l-kúkuû [North] ‘Wild animal; insect’. 2 • [North] Private conversation.

n-kʉ́lá [North] [North] Nom pl: n-kʉlá. n. [North] Urine. ɨn-kʉ́lák Nom pl: ɨn-kʉlák. [North] Acc sg: n-kʉ́lá. [North] Nom pl: n-kʉlá. n.pl. Urine. N ́ ́tɛrʉ taá ɨnkʉlák áarukunyie tɛ ɛncʉmatá ɔ́lcaní. The urine started flowing from the top of the tree. kúlal [North] [North] Nom sg: kúlâl. [North] Acc pl: kúlalí. [North] Nom pl: kúlalí. n. 1 • [North]

Small habitable structure in a grazing

camp. 2 • [North] Small open house in a homestead where the guard may spend the night.

en-kulalé

Nom sg: en-kúlale. Acc pl: in-kulalên. Nom pl: in-kúlalén. n.

1 • Wooden 2 • Ear.

earplug.

ol-kulám n. Pubes. See: l-bosét [North] ‘Pubes’. kʉldɔ̂ Nom pl: kʉldɔ́. dem. Plural masculine 1st distal demonstrative; those. Ɛtamayianákɨ kʉldɔ̂ mʉ́rran. Those warriors were blessed. Ékíáár kʉldɔ́ páyianí tɛ n ́mal ́mal. Those men will beat you when you fool about. Népōnū ɨlmʉ́rrân lɛ́ kʉ́ldɔ̄ tʉ́ŋáná lɔ́lārīnkōī. [lɛ́ ɔlárínkóí] The warriors kʉlɛ́

from the Olárínkóí people came.

See: Pronouns-Demonstratives.

Nom sg: kʉ́lɛ. Nom pl: kʉ́lɛ. Acc pl: kúlíáréī

(collective plural). [North] Acc pl: kúléíréī, kúlíáréī (collective plural). n.pl. 1 • Milk. N ́ákʉ́ enduarán kʉ́lɛ̄ oo nkíshú áinéí tɛ n ́nchām. And the milk of my cows be bitter if you taste. Tɔrrɔ̂k kʉ́lɛ

náaɨsʉkʉ̂t. The milk that is sour is not good. (W).

See: (a)lɛ́ ‘Milk’; ɨn-kɨpɔshát; ɨn-kɨsʉshát; kamánaŋ ‘Skimmed

ɨn-cɨlɨgát ‘Spoiled milk’; in-keréú ‘Milk (contemptuous)’. 2 • [North] Latex from plant.

milk’;

kʉlɛ́ é nkíyok, kʉlɛ́ é nkíook n.phrase. Ear-drum. kʉlɛ́ ɛ́ nkíook Nom pl: kʉ́lɛ̄ ɛ́ nkíook. n. Ear drum (lit: milk of the ear).

ol-kulêt

n. 1 • Root

2 • Bladder. 3 • Baloon.

of a tooth.

ol-kulêt lɔɔ́ ɨn-kʉ́lák

[olkulét lɔɔ́ ́nkʉ̄̄lāk̄ ] Nom sg: ol-kúlet

lɔ́ɔ ɨn-kʉ́lák. Acc pl: il-kuléta lɔɔ́ ɨn-kʉlak. Nom pl: il-kúleta lɔ́ɔ ɨn-kʉ́lák. n. Bladder. Kɛ́ ́kɨt ́ olkúlet lɔ́ɔ ̄ ɨnkʉ́lák lɛ́nyɛ. Its bladder is small. See: l-gulêt [North] ‘Bladder’.

(in)-kulîê Nom pl: (in-)kúlīē. pn. Others (fem. plural). Óre taá siî nɨnyɛ́ ɛyɨkái nɛ́mɛ́ ́shɔ̄ ɔltʉŋáni eboitarɛ́ ilkulîê. Pride does not let s.o. stay well with others. (Pk). Ɛg ́ra ɛnkáyíóní nányɔk aɨsʉ́l inkulîê tɛ sukúul. The boy

who works hard is excelling in the school. (lit: The boy who tries is excelling the others in school.) (Pk). Ádɔ́l ́ta kulîê kíshu. I am seeing other cows. (W). Eétuo inkútī k ́shu ŋolé; néítókí áapuonu inkúlīē táatá. A few cows came yesterday; then others came today. (W).

il-kulîê Others (masculine). See: kʉl ́kā ̄ ‘Others’; ɛnk-á ́ ‘Another (sg)’; Pronoun paradigm Þ Indefinites.

ɨl-kʉl ́kā ̄

[ɪ ̀lkʊ̀lɪ ́kāȳ ] Nom pl: kʉ́lɨká .́ pn. 1 • Indefinite

pronoun: others (masc), some. Nélo ɔlmʉrraní aitishá kʉl ́kā ̄. The warrior went to challenge others [who are unknown].

Entómónónisho doí námitikí kʉl ́kā ̄ máréíta ɛ́pâl inkíshú mɛ́m ́ra. [ɛ̀pàl] It is because of the many children that some families cannot avoid selling cows. (lit: It is having

many children that prevents some families from stopping to sell cows.) (Pk). 2 • More. See: á ́ ‘Another’.

kúlincú [North]

[North] Nom sg: kúlincú. n. [North]

Fog, mist. kɨnʉkʉ́ ‘Fog’; kúlúncú; nairumpé [North] ‘Fog, mist’.

See: ɛn-

n-kulipó [North] Nom pl: n-kúlipó. n.pl. [North] Soil, dirt. kʉlɔ̂ Nom sg: kʉlɔ́. dem. Masculine plural proximate demonstrative; these. Néjokí ɔlpáyīān: Papa áí, ámaâ ́mɔ́n ́rā tɛ n ́k ̄yā kʉlɔ̂ mɔ́ŋ ́ linónō? They told the man: 'Our father, do you mind if we take these bulls of yours?'. Ɛáta kʉlɔ́ páyianí engóro. These men are angry. (W). See: PronounsDemonstratives.

l-kulonkôî [North]

Song by warriors as they trek at night to alert other people or wild animals of their approach. See synonyms at: See: l-aparasíyíó [North] ‘Type of song sung by women’.

ɔl-kúlúí [South] lad’.

in-kulukúók en-kulukúóni

n. [North]

n. [South]

Young boy; lad.

Syn: ɛnk-ayíóni

n.pl. Soil. See: en-kulukúóni ‘Soil’.

Nom sg: en-kúlukúóni. Acc pl: in-kulukúók. Nom pl: in-

kúluluok. n. Soil. ɛndâ kulukúóni that soil.

kúlúncú [North]

[North] Nom sg: kuluncú. n. [North]

See: kúlincú; nairumpé ‘Fog’; ɛn-kɨnʉkʉ́ ‘Fog’.

ɛn-kulúo

n. 1 • Fire.

2 • Team;

‘Boy;

Fog, mist.

party; association of warriors. Maasai warriors have two main teams or associations, namely enkoríóŋ 'back' and ɔlɔ́ ́kʉ́lʉ́ 'chest'. A warrior will voluntarily join one of these teams. In cattle or lion raids they compete to earn praises to members of their team. Q. Lɔ́mʉrraní káa kulúo ítíī? A. Átíī ɔlɔ́ ́kʉ́lʉ́ Q. You warrior, which team do you belong to? A. I belong to the chest (team).

ol-kúlup

Nom sg: ol-kúlûp. Acc pl: il-kúlupi. Nom pl: il-kúlúpi. n.

1 • Mucous.

Óre ɨsɨŋát ɔɔ́ ntarɛ́ náa ɛyáʉ olkúlup. The

sneezes of the sheep+goats bring mucous. (W). There is a belief that the sneezing of sheep and goats may cause children especially to get sick with colds. 2 • [North] Foot and mouth disease. See: l-cámá ‘mucous’.

ɛn-kʉlʉ́pa

[North] Nom sg: n-kʉ́lʉpa. [North] Acc pl: n-kʉlʉpaní. [North] Nom

pl: n-kʉ́lʉpaní. n. 1 • Centipede; 2 • Scorpion.

in-kulupúók en-kulupúóni

stinging millipede.

n.pl. Soil. See: en-kulupúóni; en-kulukúóni ‘Soil’.

Variant: en-kulukúóni. Acc pl: in-kulupúók. Nom pl: in-

kúlupuok. [North] Acc sg: n-kulupó, n-kulipó. [North] Nom pl: nkúlipó. n. 1 • Soil; dust, sand, clay, loam. Tɛ nɛ́sha, nɛ́shálú inkúlupuok. When it rains, the soil gets wet. 2 • Earth, land. 3 • Parcel of land.

ol-kulupúóni

Usage: rare. A

s ́nyáí ‘Sand’.

ol-kumá [South]

lump of soil.

See: en-térít ‘Dust’; ɔ-

Nom sg: ol-kúmā. Acc pl: il-kúmân. Nom pl: il-

kúman. n. 1 • [South] Club. 2 • [South] Wooden mallet. See: en-yúntu ‘Hammer’; olkurmá ‘Club’.

en-kumé

Nom sg: en-kúme. Acc pl: in-kume(i)shín. Nom pl: in-

kúmeishin. [North] Acc pl: n-kumecín. [North] Nom pl: n-kúmecín. n. 1 • Nose. Usage: sg. nose. Usage: plural. Nɛ́ākʉ̄ kéírímo ɔltʉŋáni ɛnkómom nɛ́ ́sʉ̄l inkúmeishin. Somebody will have a spotted face, and particularly the nose. (Pk). 2 • Nostrils,

kúmo [North] [North] Nom pl: kumó. quant adj. [North] Many. rankaûn kúmo many whistling thorn trees. Kéíkúmo kʉlɔ́ ránkaûn. These whistling thorn trees are many. (SN).

See: kúmok ‘Many’.

en-kúmóí Nom sg: en-kumoí. adj. Numerous. tɛ nkumoí In the crowd, herd, number of. n-kúmóícō [North] [North] Nom sg: n-kumóícō. n. [North] Abundance, profusion, plurality.

See: kúmok ‘Much’.

kúmok Nom pl: kumók. [South] Acc sg: kúmo. quant. Many. Néya ɨnâ mueyíán ɨltʉ́ŋáná kúmok olêŋ. That disease killed many people. tɔɔ́ ltʉŋaná kumók from many people. in-kúmok n. Many, more. Mɛtáa éíkíntokí áaɨrɔ inkúmok. So we are going to talk more. (C).

ol-kumpaú

Nom sg: ol-kúmpaú. Acc pl: il-kumpaûn. Nom pl: il-

kúmpaûn. [West] Acc sg: ol-kimpau. [North] Acc sg: l-kʉmpaʉ́. [North] Nom sg: l-kʉ́mpaʉ́. [North] Acc pl: l-kʉmpaʉ̂n. [North] Nom pl: lkʉ́mpaʉ̂n. n. Tobacco leaf; chewing tobacco. See: sámpu kumpaú ‘Striped brown of the color of tobacco leaves’; osigára ‘Cigarette’; l-cankárráa [North] ‘Locally grown tobacco’.

kúmúkúm ideo. 1 • Walking noise. Kúmúkúm nanap ́ta mólínká. (s ́kár ́ ó ntíól) It makes the walking noise

kʉnâ

"kúmúkúm", and it is carrying molinka (policeman with a gun; riddle) (S). 2 • Sound made by a gourd full of liquid. Variant: kʉna-. Nom sg: kʉná. Variant: kʉ́na. dem. 1 • Plural

feminine

proximate demonstrative; these. Ɛáta kʉná tóyîê ɛnyamálī. These girls are sad. (W). Etápéjóki kʉnâ naaígara áatumoki. The rib-meats have been nicely ́ roasted. (W). Ɨntalamá ́ ɛnâ kɛ́rá ́ dalût amʉ̂ kéíbukóó kʉnâ motorí. Keep off this mischevious child, because he will pour out this soup. (Pk). Míntokíkī kʉná kɛ́râ áauap inkulîê tɛ níŋamáa impála. Children stop seizing papers as you wait to receive them from others. 2 • these

ones. Ág ́ra ashɨlʉ́ eŋúdi áí tɛ kʉ́na. I am

choosing my stick from (among) these. (Pk). See: PronounsDemonstratives.

l-kʉ́natɛ

Acc pl: l-kʉnatîn. n. Small

nkulupúók ‘clay pot’.

kʉndâ

clay pot.

See: e-motí

oó

Nom pl: kʉndá. dem. Plural

feminine 1st distal demonstrative; those. Ɛtʉ́mʉ́sánɨtâ kʉndá áídashén olêŋ. Those shoes ́ mʉ́ kʉndâ óloŋi kitií have become very old. (W). Ɨdɛ́ Kímpúk? Do you remember recently when we were in Kimpuk? (W). See: Pronouns-Demonstratives.

kundên

Nom pl: kundén. dem. Place

plural 1st distal demonstrative; those places, there. See: Pronouns-Demonstratives.

l-kúndud [North] n. [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-kúndûd. [North] Acc pl: l-kundudí.

Large muscle (as in the arm, leg, back). kírínyanyî ‘Muscle’.

See: ɛn-

l-kúndud lɛ́ nkɛjʉ́ [North] [North] Calf. l-kúndud lɛ́ nká ́ná [North] [North] Muscle on upper part of the arm.

l-kúndud lɛ́ nkɛjʉ́ [North] n. [North] Calf (of leg). kunên Nom pl: kunén. dem. Proximate plural place demonstrative; these places, here.

ol-kúnóni

See: Pronouns-Demonstratives.

Nom sg: ol-kunoní. Nom sg: Ic. Acc pl: il-kúnóno. Nom pl: il-

kunonó. n. Blacksmith, iron-worker. Ɛg ́ra olkunoní ashɔ́l esekenkêî. The blacksmith is melting iron.

l-kúnono

n.prop. Clan

Blacksmiths.

within L-Másūla that does circumsion;

kúnúnûk [North]

n. [North]

n-kunúru [North]

n. [North]

Game played by hiding sth. in one hand, and having another child guess which hand it is in. Mixture of fried meat and blood. See: ɨ-mʉnɔnɔ́ ‘Mixture of fried meat and blood’.

a-kúny

v. 1 • To

make a sharp object blunt.

2 • To

force out of a state or attitude metaphorically.

́ ́ŋɔr ɨl-kunyí [Chamus] Acc sg: kunyî. Nom sg: kúnyi. n.pl. Few. Ɛm níjójo kɨrâ kunyî. Don't see us as if we are few. (C). See: kɨt

ɛn-kʉ́ŋʉ́

́ ‘Small’; ɨn-kʉt ́ ‘Few’.

Nom sg: ɛn-kʉŋʉ́. Acc pl: ɨn-kʉ́ŋ. Nom pl: ɨn-kʉ̂ŋ. [North] Acc pl: n-

kúŋúci. Variant: n-kuŋushí; n-kʉŋá. [North] Nom pl: n-kuŋucí. Variant: n-kʉ́ŋa. n. Knee (of a human). Etymology: *-kʊŋ (Vossen 1982).

ɔl-kʉ́ŋʉ́

where the lower slope of a hill or mountain rises and then falls again before finally reaching the bottom. 2 • [North] The fur from the knee of a cow or camel used to cover calabashes, such as the elder's seénderí.

ol-kúoo

1 • Place

Nom sg: ol-kúóo. Variant: ol-kúó. Acc pl: il-kuóō(n). Variant: il-

kuoóō. Nom pl: il-kúoó. [Purko] Nom sg: ol-kúóô. [North] Acc sg: l-kúóo. [North] Nom sg: l-kúóô. [North] Acc pl: l-kuoóo. [North] Nom pl: l-kuóoó. [Chamus] Acc sg: kuô. n. 1 • Young male offspring of a sheep or goat; kid, lamb. Tɔ́bɔla ́nâ kíné peê ɛ́ ́shɔ́rɨ mɛtánaa olkúōō. [ɪ ̀nà] [ɪ ̀ʃɔ̀ɾʊ̀] Hold that goat by mouth so that it can allow its kid to suckle. Ɛg ́ra olkúóô ajɨŋá. The lamb is becoming mentally ill. (Pk). See: ɔl-bálelo ‘Kid, lamb’. 2 • Young male offspring of fish, elephant and many other animals.

ol-kúoo lɛ́ kérr Lamb. n-kúóo [North] [North] Female young of sheep, goats, and several other animals.

en-kúpes

Nom sg: en-kúpês. Acc pl: in-kupesîr. Variant: in-kupesîn. Nom

pl: in-kúpesîr. Variant: in-kúp. n. Front

of leg between hip and knee; thigh (in humans and cows); pubic area. aɨshɔ́ enkúpes To have sexual intercourse (lit: to give the thigh). See: ɔ-rɨtɛ́t ‘Back side of thigh’; e-múró ‘Side of the thigh’; ɔlɔ́rrɨshɛ́t ‘Lower part of the leg’; l-kúndud lɛ́ nkɛjʉ́ [North] ‘Calf of leg’; ol-orrôk ‘Shin’; l-ailéleê; l-wuatán lɛ́ nkɛjʉ́ [North] ‘Lower part of the leg’. Etymology: From Southern Nilotic, then from Rub? See Ehret

(2003: 145) "Language contacts in Nilo-Saharan prehistory", In Henning Andersen (ed.), Language Contacts in Prehistory, Studies in Stratigraphy. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. pp. 135-157..

kupéyo Light. See: a-bɛbɛ́k ‘To be thin, diluted’. l-kupokét [North] n. [North] Kid eaten by women at the birth of a child. See: ol-kípókét ‘Lamb slaughtered for purifying at time of birth’.

l-kʉ́pɔ́nkɔ́rɔ́ ́ [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-kʉpɔnkɔrɔ́ .́ [North] Acc pl: l-

kʉpɔnkɔrí. n. [North] Ten cent coin (both modernly and in colonial times).

n-kupósorog [North] n. [North] Oryx. See: ɔl-kɨmɔsɔ́rɔ́g ‘Oryx’. n-kupót [North] [North] Nom sg: n-kúpot. n. [North] Cooked clotted blood eaten as food.

n-kúpúlí [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-kupulí. [North] Acc pl: n-kúpúlito.

[North] Nom pl: n-kupulitó. n. [North]

ankle.

See: e-múrt

n-kúpúlito [North]

ɛ́ nkɛjʉ ‘Ankle’.

Sall of the leg above the foot;

Circular metal worn by women on their lower parts of the legs. See: muleení ‘Circular metal worn by women on the lower parts of the legs’; ɨnkalʉlʉŋaní ‘Circular metal worn by women on the lower parts of the legs’.

l-kúpúrí [North]

n. [North]

[North] Nom sg: k-kupurí. [North] Acc pl: l-kúpúríto.

[North] Nom pl: l-kupuritó. n. [North]

Onion-shaped cap or plug for a large calabash or l-mála, usually carved from wood; may be used as a cup. See: en-kúkúrí ‘Calabash’.

a-kúr

v tr. To

mix different types of things together, which remain distinct when mixed. akúr ɨlpáyɛ̂k ɔ́ mpɔ́ɔś hɔ̂ To mix maize and beans. Míkur imúain ɔɔ́ sayên nɛ́mɛ́náríkínō Don't mix different colors of beads that do not match. Étúkúró ɨsayên loó múáin pɔɔk ́ She/he mixed beads of different colors together. See: a-ɨtʉshʉ́l ‘To mix’; a-ɨpʉ́rj ‘To mix together’.

a-kuró

v.mid. To

etc.).

kúra [Chamus] l-kʉrán [North] 1 • [North]

be of alternating or mixed colors (of cattle, beads, n. [Chamus]

Cat.

See: em-puús ‘Cat’.

[North] Nom sg: l-kʉ́ran. [North] Acc pl: l-kuraní. n.

Island. 2 • [North] Stepping stone in a river or stream.

ɛn-kʉ́rárɛ

Nom sg: ɛn-kʉrárɛ. Acc pl: ɨn-kʉrárɛ̄n. Nom pl: ɨn-kʉ́rarɛ́n.

[North] Acc sg: kʉ́rárɛɨ. [North] Nom sg: n-kʉrárɛɨ. [North] Acc pl: n-kʉ́rárɛ. [North] Nom pl: n-kʉrarɛ́. n. 1 • Grave.

of an old man. Etútúró ́ná kítok ɛnkʉ́rárɛ aitayú ilóik peê eya aló asakutushoré. That woman has dug the grave to remove the bones to use them to do witchcraft. (W). 3 • [North] Stone mound built on the site of the defeat of enemies. See: en-gúmótó ‘Grave’. 2 • Grave

a-kurdíál

v. To

cause to move in a twisting or contorted motion, (esp. when struggling).

a-kurdialá To squirm. ol-kúrdúdū Acc pl: il-kurduduní. [North] Nom sg: l-kurdúdū. [North] Acc pl: l-kurduduní,

l-kúrdud. n. 1 • Black fly-catcher. This definition is from an S speaker. A K speaker describes the bird as one that is very black, it goes with the cattle, catches insects and flies, and sometimes pecks on cows. 2 • Black cuckoo shrike. campephaga sulphurata. 3 • Black

cuckoo. cuculus clamosus.

4 • [North]

Drongo. Dicrurus adsimilis.

ɛn-kʉrɛ́ Nom sg: en-kʉ́rɛ̄. n. Thirst. kurêt Nom sg: kúret. Acc pl: kurétī. Nom pl: kúretí. adj. Timid, afraid, fearful, cowardly. ɔltʉŋáni kurêt s.o. fearful. Árá kurêt. I am a coward. (W). Míntóki abuaak ́ ɨnkɛ́ra amʉ̂ kɛ́ákʉ

kuréti. Stop shouting at the children because they will

become fearful. (Pk). Ant: a-p ́ ‘Brave’. See: gurét [North] ‘Cowardly’; en-kúretisho ‘Cowardice’; ɨ-sʉ́ra ‘Shyness’.

en-kúrétisho

cowardice. Ant: ɛm-pɨján ‘Bravery’; ɛn-kɨrɨshá ‘Bravery, fierceness’. See: a-uré ‘To be afraid of’.

ol-kúríáí

Nom sg: en-kurétisho. n. Fear,

Nom sg: ol-kuríáí. Acc pl: il-kúria. Nom pl: il-kúrîâ. n. Strong

neck muscles of a bull. bull’.

ɛn-kʉ́rlɛ́

See: n-arrʉ́lɛ ‘Strong

neck muscles of a

Acc pl: ɨn-kʉ́rlɛ̂n. [North] Nom sg: n-kʉrlɛ́. [North] Acc pl: n-kʉ́rlɛ̂n.

[North] Nom pl: n-kʉrlɛ́n. n. 1 • Spurfowl;

type of small bird that

moves very fast on the ground. 2 • [West] Chicken, hen. 3 • Dove. 4 • [North] Hildebrandt's francolin. Francolinus hildebrandti. See: lkúrpúlég [North] ‘Spurfowl’; e-lúkunku ‘Hen’.

en-kurmá

Nom sg: en-kúrmā. Acc pl: in-kurmân. Nom pl: in-kúrman.

[North] Acc sg: kurumwá. Variant: kurumá. [South] Acc sg: kúrúmá. n. 1 • Place

where things have been planted for food; cultivated field, garden. olatúroni lɛ́ nkurmá digger of the field farmer, tiller.

maize flour. enkurmá ná ́bɔrr white maize flour (Pk). enkurmá sikítōī Yellow maize flour. During a time of famine, people came to know of yellow maize flour via relief supplies. enkurmá nárɔ́k Cooked maize flour that has no accompaniment (neither milk, vegetables, nor stew) (lit: flour which is black). enkurmá naidóŋo maize flour which is beaten, milled flour. When used without a modifier, en-kurmá is understood to mean 'maize flour', particularly with reference to the cooked form, ie. ugali. enkurmá ɛ́ nkáno wheat flour. 3 • Garden. 2 • Flour;

en-kurmá naidóŋo Ground flour made from grain which one takes to a miller.

in-kurmân

2 • Place

n. 1 • Fields.

name of an area southeast of Narok and northwest of Kajiado, Kenya. This is a good area for agriculture. The masculine ilkurmân also refers to this place.

ol-kúrmaní A person from this place; usually used in the plural il-kurmân. These people are typically known as being farmers. See: ɛn-kɔ́p ‘Land, field’; ɛn-tapá ‘Flour’; m-pʉsɛk [North] ‘Flour’.

n-kúrokíé [North] n. [North] Bulbul. n-kúron [North] [North] Nom pl: n-kúrôn. n. [North] Ashes. n-kúrótó [North] [North] Nom sg: n-kurotó. n. [North] Distant lowing of cattle, flocks, or other sound. sound’.

ɔ́l-kʉ́rpâ

See: a-irú ‘To

emit

Nom sg: ɔ́l-kʉ́rpâ. Acc pl:

́lkʉ́rpáî. Nom pl: ́lkʉ́rpáî. n. Bundle of things. Eg. an assortment of things in one shopping bag.

l-kúrpúlég [North] n. [North] Spurfowl. kʉ́rsa [North] [North] Nom sg: kʉ́rsâ. [North] Acc pl: kʉ́rsaí. [North] Nom pl: kʉ́rsaí. n.m. [North]

Ritual specialist.

a-kúrt v.prog tr. 1 • To stir. Lɔ́ mʉrraní túkurto iyíóók peê inyíá nabô. Oh warrior, stir us so that you can eat one of us. 2 • To

scoop; poke, gouge out (eg. an eye). 3 • [North] To subdue.

a-kurtó ɔ́ŋʉ To have one eye socket empty, without an eyeball. a-kurtú 1 • To scoop out towards the point of reference. 2 • [North]

ol-kurtét

To remove crudely from a tight place.

Nom sg: ol-kúrtet. Acc pl: il-kurtéta. Nom pl: il-kúrteta. n.

1 • Piece

of wood for stirring thick food, such as ugali (corn mash) or fat meat.

2 • Scratcher;

instrument for scratching. 3 • Instrument to scoop with; spoon, shovel, spade, scoop. See: akúrt ‘To scoop, stir’; l-mérísé ‘Stirring stick for ugali’.

l-kúrtó [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-kurtó. [North] Acc pl: l-kúrt. [North] Nom

pl: l-kûrt. n. [North]

Maggot.

See: ol-kúrúí ‘Maggot,

worm’.

lkúrtó lɛ́ nkʉ́j ́t [North] [North] Caterpillar. l-kúrtútie n. Mark left by pulling a hard implement on a surface or object.

See: a-ɨkʉrtʉ́t ‘To

kúru [North]

scrape’.

Craving, especially for meat but conceivably for milk, fruit, etc.

il-kúrt [Purko]

n.f n.sg. [North]

Nom sg: ol-kurúí. Acc pl: il-kúrú. Nom pl: il-kurú. n.

Worm, maggot; vermin (plural). Átɔ́duaa náají ɛntʉ́rkūlɨ naɨnɔs ́ta ɨlkʉ́rt tɛ mpɔ́lɔ̂s ɛ́ bɔɔ. I have seen a dove eating worms in the middle of the homestead. (Pk). See: l-kúrtó [North] ‘Maggot’.

ɔl-kʉ́rʉm1

Nom sg: ɔl-kʉ́rʉ̂m. Acc pl: il-kúrumi. Nom pl: il-kúrúmî. [North]

Nom pl: il-kúrúmī. n. 1 • Anus. Syn: o-síádí

‘Anus, behind’. 2 • Lumbar region of an animal. Wagner (n.d.) states that in S this may be used for humans or animals, and refers to the region a little higher than the buttocks. 3 • Buttock (of a person). See: ol-túlī ‘Buttock, behind’. 3 • Female genitalia, of human or cow ? 4 • Behind, in rank or in space (eg. in the back part of a room). See: enk-oríóŋ ‘Back, behind’. last in rank. Nɨnyɛ́ apá táatá otíí ɔlkʉ́rʉm lɛ nkílasí ɛnyɛ̂. It was him who was last in their class. See: abayíé ‘To be last’. 5 • The

kʉ́rʉm2 Nom sg: kʉ́rɨm. n.r. 1 • Behind in rank; last in a competition. Etushúke kʉ́rʉm tɛnâ rɨshatá aló ajó abayíé. He is behind (eg., in his class) at this time, to almost the last one.

(Pk). 2 • Behind in space. Eg. in the back part of a crowd of people, back rows of students in a classroom, boot of a car. It is uncommon to talk about the back of the inside of a house, or the back of a room. If one really had to talk about a very large room/auditorium, it could be done using kʉ́rʉm; but distal demonstratives would also be likely used. l ́dɔ́ otíí kʉ́rʉm ɛnkají that which is in the back of the house/room. 3 • Bottom portion of sth. Eg. the part of a cup that is in contact with the table-top.

ɛn-kúrúmá

[North] Acc sg: n-kurumá. [North] Nom sg: n-kúrumá. n. 1 • Plot

en-kúrúóní

Acc pl: in-kúruon. Nom pl: in-kúrúon. [North] Acc sg: kúron. n.

of land. 2 • [North] Flour. See: l-ocoró [North] ‘Porridge’.

Ash; soft grey powder that remains after sth. has been burnt. Inkúruon kʉná. These are ashes. (W). inkúruon oo lkeék lɛ́ nkɨma ash from firewood. Ashes are mixed with cow dung to smear on the house, as a medicine for heartburn, for cleaning pots, and to sweeten milk that is slightly sour for making tea. Etymology: Proto-Eastern Nilotic and Proto-Teso-Lotuko-Maa *-kuruo(n) 'ashes' (Vossen 1982:328). See: ókúrúóí ‘Ash-white color’.

l-kʉ́rʉ́pâ [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-kʉrʉpâ. n.sg. [North]

Baggage,

luggage, load, burden. Kɛ́nap ́ta ntámesí lkʉ́rʉ́pâ kitó. The camels are carrying lots of luggage. (SN). See: ɔ́lkʉ́rpâ ‘Luggage’.

kúrúrûm ideo. The sound of crunching. aitejó sereménté kúrúrûm To make the sweet make the sound kururum (lit: to cause the sweet to say "kururum"). See: a-ikururúm ‘To crunch’.

kururumó

bottomless pit. Usage: colloquial. See: a-ikururumoó ‘To throw to the bottomless pit’.

a-kúrr

Nom sg: kúrurumó. n.sg. The

v. 1 • To

scrape the ground bare (ie. eliminate the grass from

the ground); wipe off; sweep off; paw (the ground). Ɛg ́ra ɔlɔ́ ́ŋɔ́n ́ akúrr ɛnkɔ́p. The bull is scratching the ground.

Etukurrókō enkítok ilpayianí ɛndápásh peê ɛ́ ́rʉ́râ.

The woman has wiped off dust from the bed so that men could sleep on it. Ékúrr. (i) He will sweep it off (W). (ii) He will scratch the ground. (K). See: ol-kúrrótó ‘Bare ground; dancing ground’. beat up thoroughly. Usage: colloq. Ɛtúkúrró ɔlɔ́ ́ŋɔ́n ́ ɔlɨkáɨ. The bull fought the other one. 2 • To

a-kurrár To confine or restrict to the ground by pawing continously.

a-kurrishoré v.apas. To do scraping or pawing with. Tɛ nɛ́mɛ̂ ɛnkáshê áí ítúkúrríshórê ́ntā ̄, ánáátá ɛ́ ́tʉ̂ itumutúmu olóyiote láí. If you had not been ploughing the soil with my heifer, you would not have got my riddle.

a-kurró

be pawed, bare, swept off. Nakúrro Nakuru, a town in Kenya (lit: the one that is bare). See: nakúrro ‘The bare grassless place’. 2 • To make short jerky or writhing movements, as when an animal is dying or a person is sleeping. v.mid. 1 • To

a-kurroó

v.dir. 1 • To

2 • To

a-kurrokí

loiter.

scratch off, paw away, sweep off.

scrape the soil to. akurrokí inkulukúók To weed (lit: To scrape bare the ground) (W). akurrokí ɨlpáyɛ̂k inkulupúók To sweep the soil to the maize plant (to heap the soil around it).

a-kurroré

v.dat. To

be scratched off with. 2 • To be loitering away with.

a-kurrú

v.dir v.inst. 1 • To

v.dir. 1 • [North]

To discover, unearth. 2 • [North] To expose, unmask (ie. to prove s.o. wrong or guilty after they had defended themself).

a-kurrunyíé To slide backwards. a-kʉ́rr1 v. 1 • To soften a leather strap or rope to make it pliable, typically by rubbing it against tree bark. akʉ́rr ɛnkɛɛnɛ́ To soften the leather strap. Ɛt́ ʉ́kʉ́rrá ɛnkɛɛnɛ́. He softened the leather strap. K ́kɨtʉkʉrrâ. We softened it. (S). 2 • To

extract fibre from sisal by rubbing against sth. like tree bark. akʉ́rr ɔldʉpái To extract fibre from sisal.

cane s.o.; "soften" or "slim" them. Usage: colloq. Káakʉrr táatá ánaa ɛnkɛɛnɛ́. He will be doing some shaping up of me like a leather strap. (ie. He will cane me.). 3 • To

́ ʉ́rr. He will tighten a leather tighten a leather rope. Ɛk rope. (W). 4 • To

a-kʉrrak ́

v.dat. 1 • To

fasten, fix so that sth. holds firmly; tighten.

do persistently, do steadily. akʉrrak ́ ɨnkɔnyɛ́k to look with fixed gaze (stare at). 3 • To emphasize. 4 • To reveal secretly to s.o. 5 • To rain heavily. Usage: Metaphorical. 6 • [North] To be in the late months of pregnancy. 7 • [North] To get filled up, swollen, plump; especially the teats or breats with milk. 2 • To

a-kʉrrʉ́

v.dir. 1 • To

tighten a rope, tie, lash down (eg. in loading a donkey). Ɛkʉrrʉ́. He will tighten a leather rope. 2 • To open eyes wide. eat food or drink water to one's satisfaction. Átóóko ɛnkárɛ́ akʉrrʉ́. I drank a lot of water until I am satisfied. See: a-nyá ‘To eat’. 3 • To

a-kʉ́rr2

v.prog. 1 • To

talk with one person or a limited group of people about s.o. who is not present or doesn't understand what is being said; gossip. What is said about the person may be

positive or negative. However, if the content is not specified, a-kʉ́rr ́ ʉ́rr. He will gossip about usually implies sth. negative. Ɛk him/her. Kɛ́kʉ̄rr ɨŋɛjɛ́p lálá. The tongue gossips about the ́ ʉ́rr ́ta entítō. He is gossiping about the girl. tongue. (S). Ɛk Káakʉrrɨtá. He is gossiping about me. 2 • To slur or defame s.o. who is not present. See: a-sʉ́j [North] ‘To slander s.o.’. 3 • To backbite. 5 • To do stealthily.

a-kʉrrak ́

v.dat. To

privately.

reveal secretly to s.o.; tell in secret; address

a-kʉrrɨshɔ́ To backbite, gossip vicisously, tell secrets. See: akurrokí ‘To talk about s.o. else’.

a-kʉrrʉ́

v.dir. To

ashamed.

a-kʉrrʉnyɛ́

be ashamed. ɔltʉŋáni ɔkʉrrʉ́ person who is

v.dir v.mid. 1 • [North]

2 • [North]

To argue loudly.

kúrrante [North]

To be embarassed.

Game in which two people pull each other in different directions to cross a certain line in the middle; tug of war. See: n-kasɨr ́ ‘Type of game’.

ɛn-kʉ́rrárɛ

[North] Nom sg: n-kʉrrárɛ. n. Backbiting,

secret, calumny.

en-kurrarrú

n. [North]

See: a-kʉ́rr ‘To

gossip’.

slander, stealth,

Nom sg: en-kúrrarrú. Acc pl: in-kurrarrûn,

inkurrarruní. Nom pl: in-kúrrarrûn. [North] Acc pl: n-kurrarrú. [North] Nom pl: n-kúrrarruní. n. Young donkey, horse, zebra; colt, foal. Tɛ́rɛwa ɛnâ súpen ɔ́ ɛlɛ̂ kurrarrú ɛndâ áŋ. Take this young female donkey and this young male donkey to that home. (Pk). Not used for young cows, gazelles, etc. See: ol-ŋirô; osíkiria ‘Donkey’; ɔl-ámʉyɛ ‘Male donkey’.

ɨn-kʉrrát Nom pl: ɨn-kʉrrát. n.pl. 1 • Confidential information; secrets. Melikínī ɨnkɛ́ra ɨlɔmɔ́n lɔɔ́ nkʉrrát. Children cannot be

told confidential news. 2 • The acts of talking to one or a limited group of people about a person who is not present. See: ɛn-kʉ́rrátá ‘The act of talking about s.o. who is absent’.

ɛn-kʉ́rrátā

Nom sg: ɛn-kʉrratá. Acc pl: ɨn-kʉrrát. Nom pl: ɨn-kʉrrát. n.

The act of talking to one or a limited group of people about s.o. who is absent.

n-kurréi [North]

Bare ground where grass does not grow. See: ɔl-pʉrâ ‘Bare ground’.

en-kúrríny

n. [North]

Nom sg: en-kurríny. Acc pl: in-kurrinyó. Nom pl: in-

kúrrinyo. n. Fat made from the intestines; fat found in entrails near the gallbladder. Kégól ɛncɔ́látá ɛ́na kúrríny. The liquefication of intestinal-fat is quite difficult. (Pk). This kind of fat is different from ɛ ́látá in that it becomes harder when it condenses. See: ɛ- ́látá ‘Fat’; sɨrɛ́t ‘Fat from the stomach’.

kúrro [North]

See: a-kúrr ‘To

[North] Nom sg: kúrrô. n. [North]

scrape the ground bare’.

Small whirlwind.

a-kurró lʉkʉnyá v.phrase. To lack hair on all or part of the scalp; be bald. ɔlpayíán okúrro ɛlʉkʉnyá a man that is baldheaded.

a-kurrokí

v. 1 • To

remove the unwanted plants from the garden;

weed. 2 • [North] To talk about s.o. who is not present. See: a-kʉ́rr2 ‘To talk about s.o. secretely’. 3 • [North] To run fast.

ol-kúrrótó

1 • Bare

Nom sg: ol-kurrotó. Acc pl: il-kurrót. Nom pl: il-kurrót. n.

ground without grass or trees. 2 • Dancing ground inside the kraal.

en-kúrrótó Bald. See: a-kúrr ‘To make the ground bare’. a-kʉrrʉ́3 v. To open eyes wide. a-kʉrrʉ́2 v.dir. To lash down. See: a-kʉ́rr ‘To make pliable; tighten’.

l-kurrucôî [North] n. [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-kúrrucôî. [North] Acc pl: l-kúrrucó.

Blacksmith. In S, this is less common than ol-kúnóni. See: ol-kúnóni ‘Blacksmith’.

ɔl-kʉ́rrʉk

Variant: ɔl-kʉrrʉk. Nom sg: ɔl-kʉ́rrʉ̂k. Acc pl: il-kúrruki. Nom

pl: il-kúrrúki. n. 1 • Crow. Corvus. 2 • Raven.

Nélōtū ɔlkʉ́rrʉ̂k, néjokí Tinkáwūā, ɨncɔɔ́k ̄

ɛnkárɛ́. 'and the bird came, he told him Tinkawua, give me water...'.

ɔl-kʉ́rrʉk lodge

n.prop. Name

of a tourist lodge on the Oloololo Escarpment, Trans-Mara, Kenya (lit: Crow Lodge).

n-kʉ́rrʉk [North] [North] One's self. L-kúrrúkáí [North] [North] Nom sg: L-kurrukáí. [North] Acc pl: L-

kurruká. [North] Nom pl: L-kúrruká. n.prop. Usage: pl. Often Lkurruká lɛ́ Araás, a place near Mt. Kulal. (Spencer 1965).[North] Age set initiated in approximately 1795.

ol-kúrrúkúr1

[North] Nom sg: l-kurrukúr. [North] Acc pl: l-kurúkuri. Nom

pl: l-kúrukurí. n. 1 • Lion

(lit: growler). See: a-kúrr ‘To scratch, to brush off, to paw the ground’; a-kurrukúrr ‘To growl’; olɛmbáláŋ ‘Lion’. 2 • [North] Puppy.

n-kúrrúkúrr [North] [North] Puppy. a-kurrukúrr2 v. To growl. See: a-kúrr ‘To scratch, to brush off, to paw the ground’.

kúrrúkúrr3

adj. 1 • Blend

of two colours, one mostly red and one mostly white, spread in a random pattern and of almost equal intensity; spotted. Tápāāshārē ́lɔ̂ áshê kúrrúkúr míkirror. Avoid that red-and-white spotted calf so it doesn't collide with you. (Pk). Éíkúrrúkúr apá áyelóŋ orkúô líkitaŋadíê embáríé. The kid that we protected from the jackal the other day had a blend of two colors. (Pk). 2 • [West] Black and white, or red and white pattern, as on a

zebra. Note: In W, this would not be applied to sth. that was spotted. 3 • [North] Kurrukur valley between Samburu and Turkana. See: r ́r ́ ‘Having a red upper and white lower part’.

en-kúrrúkúrroto 2 • Rumbling. 3 • Thunder,

Acc pl: in-kurrukurrót. n. 1 • Growling.

thunder roll. See: a-kurrukúrr ‘To growl’.

ɛn-kʉrrʉ́na Nom sg: ɛn-kʉ́rrʉna. n. Shame, embarrasment. Nétīŋīryā ɔsalábā, nɛ́mɛ́nū ɨna kʉrrʉ́nā... He persevered the cross, he despised that shame... nyít ‘shame’.

a-kʉrrʉnyɛ́

v. 1 • [North]

2 • To

See: a-

To talk rudely.

be tied tightly. 3 • To swell up. See: a-kɨɨnyá ‘To talk rudely’. Syn: a-ʉpʉ́ ɨlɔmɔ́n ‘To speak rudely’.

a-kurrunyíé

v. 1 • To

happen after; as a person becoming annoyed after several hours/days when sth. has been done to annoy him. 2 • [North] To continue doing sth. wrong after being caught redhanded.

n-kʉ́rrʉ́ŋata [North] n. [North] Snoring. en-kúrrutî Acc pl: ɨn-kúrrūt. n. 1 • [West] Inner part of ear. 2 • Ear

wax. See: ɨn-kúrrūt; in-túkurrút ‘Ear wax’; n-kutukurrukí [North] ‘Ear wax’.

a-kús

Variant: sikárr. v. To

decorate, adorn (especially with beads). See: a-ishóp ‘To dress’; a-ikód ‘To decorate’.

a-kusó v.mid. To be decorated, adorned (especially with beads). Ekúso enkítok The woman is dressed up. eŋúdi nakúso Decorated walking-stick (lit: (walking-)stick which is decorated).

a-kusoó

v. To

decorate, make up, smarten up.

a-kusoré v.mid. To be decorated with, to be adorned with. n-kúsâ [North] Variant: n-gúsâ. [North] Nom sg: n-gúsâ. [North] Acc pl: nkusaí. n. [North] Third compartment of the stomach in ruminants; omasum.

kʉ́saka [North]

See: a-kusakán

[North] Nom sg: kʉ́sáka. n.sg. [North]

[North] ‘To scold’.

a-kusakán [North] advise’.

en-kuséro

v. [North]

A scolding.

To scold, reprove.

Nom sg: en-kúsero. n. 1 • Swampy

See: a-igúán ‘To

ground.

Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aɨrrɨtá inkíshú tɛ nkúsero. The man is herding the cows at the plain. (Pk). Ɛg ́ra ɔlɔ́ ́rrâg lɛ́ nkárɛ́ amitikí ɨltʉ́ŋáná ɛ ́m enkuséro. The floods are 2 • Plain.

preventing people from passing the plains. (Pk).

n-kusíá [North] Acc pl: n-oó n-kusíá. n. [North] Mother. en-kúso Nom sg: en-kúsô. n.sg. Decoration, pattern of beadwork. See: akús ‘To decorate, adorn (especially with beads)’; síkārr.

l-kusuló [North]

[North] Nom pl: l-kúsulo. n. 1 • [North]

Heart

muscles. 2 • [North] Cords at the back of the tongue that vibrate to make sound; vocal cords, vocal folds. See: il-gusiló ‘Cords’.

a-kúsh

be warlike. Míntóki dúóó akúsh tábāʉ̄. Stop talking warlike now. 2 • To bluff. Note: See synonyms at See: a-purú ‘To bluff’. v. 1 • To

ɛn-kʉ́shaâ

Nom sg: ɛn-kʉ́shaâ. Acc pl: ɨn-kʉshaaní. Nom pl: ɨn-kʉ́shaaní.

n. 1 • Jackal. 2 • Animal

or human being that makes loud noise aimlessly. See: ɛm-báríé ‘Jackal’.

kushíiní [South]

The space under the bed. Syn: o-runkú ‘The space under the bed’.

kúshîn

Nom sg: kúshíiní. n. [South]

n.pl. September

is named after these birds because the African

pied wagtails appear during this period when the cows are grazing.September.

o-loo nkúshîn September (lit: the one of the African pied wagtails).

kushini Acc pl: in-kúshîn. n. motacilla aguimp. African pied wagtail. en-kushúâî Nom sg: en-kúshuai. Acc pl: ɨn-kʉshʉ́. Nom pl: ɨn-kʉ́shʉ. [North] Acc sg: n-kucái. [North] Acc pl: n-kucá. n. Temple;

a-kút

a-kʉ́t

upper sidefront edge of the face; the point or "corner" on the skull where the hair-line typically turns from horizontal to vertical. What is referenced is a point on the skull, rather than the edge of the hairline per se (as shown by reference of the word to people who are bald, shaved, or have receding hairlines). See: ol-masí ‘Hair’. v. 1 • To

create more space by extending the boundaries of sth. 2 • To make a liar. 3 • To go somewhere that isn't yours, build a home and live there; squat. Usage: human or animal. Kátúkúto. I have moved. (S).

́ ʉ́t osiwúó entérít. The wind will blow blow. Ɛk the dust. Ɛtʉ́kʉ́tá ŋolé olárî ɨlpáɛ̂k ɔmɛtáa nɛ́pɛra. The rain blew the maize until they are bent. (W). akʉ́t ɛnk ́má To blow the fire. See: a-isiusíú ‘To blow wind’; ɛn-kʉ́tátá ‘Blowing’; ɔlkʉtat ́ ‘Wind’. 2 • To blow or sound a horn or flute. In S this may imply esp. the horn of the greater kudu at ceremonies. v. 1 • To

a-kʉtak ́ v.dir. To spray. a-kʉtá v.mid. To be puffed up. ɨn-kʉ́ta Nom pl: ɨn-kʉ́tâ. n.pl. Rain-water. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkárɛ́ ɔ́ɔnkʉ́ta ashɔrɔɔ́ isúut. The run-off is carrying off the rubbish. (Pk). See: lemoluatí ‘Water

that spreads on the ground for a short time and then evaporates’; kʉ́táí ‘Cloud-white’.

n-kutáam [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-kútaam. n. [North]

Camelskin

kʉ́táí

bag used for keeping oil.

Acc pl: kʉtaîn. adj. adj. White,

nearing the colour of white clouds; primarily used for cows, but also cloth, clouds, etc. Tɛ́rɛʉ́ ɛldɛ̂ kítéŋ kutaîn imowuarák. Bring that ox with white horns. (Pk). Ɛ́ ́kʉ́táí ŋolé ɛnk ́tɛŋ nátoishé. The cow that gave birth yesterday is white. 2 • adj. [North] Light brown.

ɛn-kʉ́táí

[North] Nom sg: n-kʉtáí. [North] Acc pl: n-kʉ́ta. [North] Nom pl: n-

kʉ́tâ. n. 1 • The one that is cloud-white. 2 • [North] Rainwater already fallen. See: ɨn-kʉ́ta ‘Rain-water’.

ɛn-kʉ́tátá

Nom sg: ɛn-kʉtatá. Acc pl: ɨn-kʉtát. Nom pl: ɨn-kʉ́tat. n.

Blowing.

ɔl-kʉtátɨ

Nom sg: ɔl-kʉ́tatɨ. [North] Acc sg: l-kʉtáti. [North] Nom sg: l-kʉ́tati.

n. 1 • Wind

in motion, which can be felt and heard; breeze. 2 • [North] Squall, storm. See: a-kʉ́t ‘To blow’; en-kijápɛ; osíwúó ‘Wind’; l-wáúú; rrûg [North] ‘Wind’.

n-kʉtɛɛ́t [North]

[North] Acc pl: n-kʉtɛɛ́. n. [North]

ol-kutét ɛn-kʉtɛ́t

spoon.

Kind of leaf which may be cooked and eaten; branches are used for stomach medicine.

kʉt ̂

n. Wooden

[North] Acc pl: n-kʉtɛ́ta. n. 1 • Tool

for blowing; fan. 2 • [North] Wind instrument. See: en-dúlé ‘Reed flute’; a-kʉ́t ‘To blow’. Variant: kʉ́t .̂ Nom pl: kʉ́t .́ adj.pl. 1 • Few.

streams.

kʉt ́ ɨnkáríák Few

bit. kʉlɛ kʉt ́ A little milk. Syn: ɨn-kunyí ‘Few’. See: kɨt ́ ‘Little, small, young’. 2 • Little

ɨn-kʉt ́

n.pl. A

wink.

few ones (fem). Eitu alo ɨnkʉt ́ I didn't sleep a

ɨl-kʉt ́ A few ones (masc). Képuonú ɨlkʉ́t ́ tʉŋaná(k). A

few people will come (more than two or three). ɨlkʉt ́ arin A few years. ɨlkʉt ́ tuŋanak A few people.

en-kútísho

Nom sg: en-kutísho. n.sg. 1 • Fewness.

2 • Littleness. See: kʉt

̂ ‘Few, little bit’.

kʉt ́t ̄ Variant: kʉt ́t ̄k. Nom sg: kʉ́tɨt .́ adj. Little, small (pl). Ɛg ́ra ɨnkɛrâ kʉ́tɨt ́ áairrugo ɛgɨrá áaɨgʉran. The small

children are bending down as they play. (Pk). See: kɨt ́ ‘Little, small’.

en-kútótó

Nom sg: en-kutotó. Acc pl: in-kutót. Nom pl: in-kutót. n.

hide-out; subsection of a house; corner. Nétií ɔláyíóní lɛ́ ntínkí e nkútótó. The son of the unfavorable woman is on the hide-out. (KS). A hill can have an enclave, some section of it curves. See: a-kút ‘To make a lair’. 2 • [North] Corner inside a traditional house reserved for the elder. 3 • group of people that are in a certain region, local community, locality. 1 • Enclave,

ol-kútótó

1 • Corner,

2 • [North]

ol-kútu

Secret.

locality, region.

skin of dead calf stuffed with dry grass; used while milking the cow.

ɛn-kʉ́tʉ́k

Nom sg: ol-kútû. Acc pl: il-kútui. Nom pl: il-kútúi. n. Dummy,

Nom sg: ɛn-kʉtʉ́k. Acc pl: in-kútúkíé. Nom pl: in-kutukié. n.

1 • Mouth. Syn: ɛn-dakɛ́t

‘Mouth’; ɛ-ny ́rt ‘Mouth’.

́ Ɨncɔɔ̄ taá peê ɛlɨmʉ́ tɛ nkʉtʉ́k ɔ́ɔlashʉmpá n ́ncɔ́rʉ iwalát tɛ nkʉtʉ́k ɔ́ɔ ̄ lMáásâ ̂. If 2 • Language.

he speaks in English, give the translations in Maa. (Pk). nkʉ́tʉ́k áí Term of endearment used by women (lit: my mouth) (S). 3 • Word. 4 • Opening (eg. top rim of a cup).

kʉ́tʉ́k-ají Door (lit: mouth-house). kʉ́tʉ́k-ají ɛ darása door of the classroom.

ɛn-kʉ́tʉ́k ɛ́rruat

ɛ́ rruat. Acc pl: in-kʉ́tʉ́kíé oó rrúátin. Nom pl: in-kutukíé óo rrúátin. n. Edge of the bed; also used as a seat in the house (lit: mouth of the bed).

kʉ́tʉ́k-ají

Nom sg: ɛn-kʉtʉ́k

Acc pl: in-kútúkíé

ɔɔ́ nkajijik. [North] Acc sg: n-kʉ́tʉ́k ɛ́ nkájí. n. 1 • Door (lit: mouth of the house). 2 • [North] Space around the door of a house.

n-kutúkurrúk [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-kútukurrúk. [North] Acc pl: n-

n-kutukurrukí [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-kútukurrukí. n.sg. [North]

kutukurrukí. [North] Nom pl: n-kútukurrukí. n. 1 • [North] Dove. 2 • Pigeon. See: en-túrkulû ‘Dove, Pigeon’; n-cúlus [North] ‘Dove’. Ear wax, cerumen.

See: in-túkurrút ‘Ear

l-kútúmpê [North]

wax’.

Variant: l-kutumpê. Nom sg: l-kútūmpē. [North] Acc

pl: l-kutumpení. [North] Nom pl: l-kútumpení. n. [North]

Big gourd for brewing honey beer. See: ol-kétúmpê ‘Large gourd’; enkúkúrí ‘Calabash’; ɛn-dʉ́kʉ́ny ‘Calabash for drinking beer’; olmoroí ‘Calabash for brewing beer’.

n-kútuŋat [North]

[North] Nom pl: n-kútaŋát. n. [North]

Reinforcements.

n-kútúrúkúmoto [North] Usage: cattle. [North]

satisfied’.

n-kúúlét [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-kuturukúmoto. n.

Pregnancy.

See: a-raposhó ‘Pregnant;

Long cylindrical club; wooden javelin. See: ɔl-cʉrtɛ́t ‘Cylindrical club’.

L-kúúméí [North]

n. [North]

[North] Nom sg: L-kuuméí. [North] Acc pl: L-kuúmɛ.

[North] Nom pl: L-kúumɛ. n. 1 • [North]

Turkana person. 2 • [North] Turkana tribe. Usage: plural.

ɔl-kúunta

n. Castrated

bull. See: ɔ-sʉ́nash ‘Bull with one testicle’; ɔldárpóí ‘Emasculated bull’; kodíle ‘Male with one testicle’; sátima ‘Castrated bull’; ɔ-sáídóŋóí ‘Castrated male’; ɛn-

tápɨs ‘Homophrodite’; sʉnkʉlaité ‘Homophrodite’.

kuúru

Nom sg: kúuru. [North] Acc sg: kúru. n. Craving

for sth. edible such as meat, salt, bread. Kááta kuúru ɛ́ enkiriŋó. I am in need of meat.

n-kuús [North]

Nom sg: n-kúús. [North] Nom sg: n-kúus. [North] Acc pl: n-

kuusîn. [North] Nom pl: n-kúusîn. n. [North] Cat. Kóporíto nkúús mabátīi. The cat is walking over the roof. (SN). Usage: See dialect variants at:. See: em-puús ‘Cat’.

n-kuwúó [North]

[North] Nom sg: n-kúwuo. n. [North]

Soup, broth

(often prepared for a sick person). Kémelók kʉná kúwuo. This soup is good/sweet. (S). Nkuwúó átámáta ŋolé. It is soup that I took/drank yesterday. (S). See: i-motorí ‘Soup’.

l-kúwúórie [North]

Soup boiled for a short time to feed to a sick person. See: n-kuwúó ‘Soup’.

ɔl-kʉ́yántíkí

n. [North]

Nom sg: ɔl-kʉyantikí. Acc pl: ɨl-kʉ́yántīk. Nom pl: ɨl-

kʉyantík. n. Usage: contemptuous. Man who is a self-proclaimed healer, about twenty years of age and above. He proclaims himself to have special power to bless animals, enable women to conceive and bear children, and to pray for people to succeed in politics, exams, business, etc. Some people take him to their homes to be "watch-dogs" against witchcraft. This status is not necessarily held throughout one's life. A woman cannot be this. See: ol-abáani ‘Healer’; ol-oibóni ‘Diviner’; ɔlaɛ́nani ‘Sorcerer’.

ɔl-kúyúkúí ol-kúyúkúí

n. Young

dog; puppy.

Nom sg: ol-kuyukúí. Acc pl: il-kuyúkuyi. Nom pl: il-

kúyukuyí. [Purko] Acc sg: ol-kúíkúí. n. Puppy, dog. Eguɛny ́ta olkuyukúí olóito. The dog is tearing meat off the bone.

en-kuyúkúí Puppy. See: ol-dîâ ‘Dog’. a-kuyukuyíán v. To destabilize; mess up, disturb. Kékuyukúyian lŋatúny inkíshú amitikí ɛdaá The lion

will disturb the cows and make them not eat grass.

ol-kúyia

Nom sg: ol-kúyía. n. 1 • Dog. See: ol-kúyúkúí; ol-dîâ ‘Dog’.

2 • Bush

pig; [North] Bush pig.

en-kuyíá Female Dog. n-kwaríé [North] n. [North] Darkness. See: ɛn-kɛwaríé ‘Night, darkness’; ɛn-á ́mɨn; ol-misimísi ‘Darkness’.

ɛn-kwashé

Nom sg: ɛn-kwáshé. Acc pl: in-kwashɛ̂n. Nom pl: in-

en-kwényi

Acc pl: in-kwɛ́ɛn ̄ y. [North] Acc sg: ɛn-kwɛɛnyî. [Chamus] Acc

kwáshen. [North] Acc sg: n-kwashéi. [Chamus] Acc sg: n-kwɛcîn. n. Potato. Áatapéjô ɛnkwáshé náírowua ɛnkʉ́tʉ́k. A hot potato has burnt my mouth. (Pk). CHECK how much the potato is used/known as a food among the Maasai. Where do they come from? See: ɔl-mʉrʉŋkʉ́i ‘Potato’; l-biásɨ ‘Potato’. sg: kwéenyi. n. Small

bird.

Etymology: Proto-Ongamo-Maa

*-kwɛɲ-

*-kuɛɲ- 'bird' (Vossen 1982:333).. Note: gum~kUn 'owl, vulture' is listed as an areal item in Bender (1996:127). See: e-mótonyî ‘Bird’. 'bird' (Vossen 1989:195), from Proto-Eastern Nilotic

L-l l Letter representing the Maa alveolar lateral sound /l/. l- [North] gen. [North] Masculine gender prefix. l-1 psd.prt. Prefix which occurs on a possessor particle between

l-2

a-lá

possessed and possessor nouns, when the preceding possessed noun is masculine. ɨlkɨdɔŋɔ́ lɔɔ́ isirkôn donkies' tails. See: n2 ‘Feminine relative clause prefix’; ɔ- ‘Masculine relative clause prefix’.

rel. Prefix

for a relative clause that modifies a masculine noun.

Átɛ́ɛk ́ ʉ́nyɛ tɛnkárakɛ́ kʉlɔ̂ omón lɛnyɛ́nák lɛ́mɛ́ ́shʉ́nyɛ. I am bored because of these words of his that don't end. (W). ɨlɔ̂ lɛ́mɛ́áta ɨltʉ́ŋánák lɛnyɛ́nak one without his own people. Ká ́nyɔ̄ɔ ̄ doí ɨltʉŋanák lɔ́ɔya? What kind of people will take him? (lit: What (type)/Who are the people who will take him?).

lose track of. Kɛ́tálá. He lost track of it (eg. the path to get home). Ítala. You could not find it (eg. your pen). (Pk). In some suffixed forms: ́-lák. v. To

a-lá

a-laí

a-laú

be stranded. Á ́tála eldé payíán. I will make this man stranded. Átálɛ. I was stranded. v.mid. To

die. Ɛĺ áī. He is lost (dead). Ɛt́ álákɨ He was lost (ie. dead). Ɛt́ álákɨ apá á ́ ɔlɔ́ŋ ɛ́nɔɔ́ silân tɛndá âŋ. That home had a girl that died. (lit: There was a loss the other day of one of the girl-type at that home.) (Pk). v.pass. Usage: euphemistic. To

v.dir. In some suffixed forms: -laun. 1 • To

miss, lack, go without.

Náa kélotú taá doí oshî ɔltʉ́ŋání pɔɔk ́ asasú tɛ nɛ́láú ɛndáa. And certainly everyone will grow thin if they lack food. (Pk).

lose way that cannot be traced. Nɛ́ākʉ̄ k ́talwaɨtâ naá tʉ́kɨl ɛnkɨkɛ́ ɔ́lm ̄sh ̄rɛ̄. It became that we missed completely a brush from ironbar. Note: Ventive + Middle? 2 • To

2 • To

be unable to find. Ɛtámúyíá ɨlɔ́ páyian nélauní

́nâ moyíán ɛnyɛ́, kájó kétíí ɔltʉ́ŋání ɔ́shɔmɔ́ asakút. That old man became sick and the disease was not established, maybe somebody bewitched him. (W).

lose in death. Etoíshē, nélau. She has given birth, and lost (the child; ie. the child died). 3 • To

a-laɨk ́

v.dat. 1 • To

loosen for. 2 • To miss for s.o. 3 • To pay for, pay to; compensate.

a-laɨk ́ ɛnkányɨt a-laá

show disrespect (lit: to lose respect for). See: a-lák ‘To untie’.

v.mid. 1 • To

v.dat. To

be untied.

take off clothes, weapons, etc. ág ́ra alaá I am taking off the weapons/clothes. 3 • To be paid. See: a-lák ‘To loosen, untie, release; pay, compensate’; a-itaú ‘To undress’. 2 • To

laág [North]

[North] Nom sg: láag. [North] Acc pl: laagîn. [North] Nom

pl: láagîn. n. [North]

Metal anklet worn by girls and women.

láárɛ́ [North]

[North] Nom sg: laarɛ́. n.sg. [North]

láátá [North]

[North] Nom sg: laatá. [North] Acc pl: laát. [North] Nom pl: laát.

lá ‘To untie, pay’; láátá [North] ‘Payment’. n. [North]

Payment. [North] ‘Payment’.

a-labány

See: a-lák ‘To

Payment.

See: a-lák; a-

untie, pay’; láárɛ́

crumple up, twist up, disfigure. Álábány ́ta. I am twisting/crumpling it up. (W). Syn: a-rɔgɔ́ny ‘To disfigure’. v.prog. To

a-labɨláb v. To drink or lap. Ká ́nyɔ̄ɔ ̄ doí lɔ́mʉ́rrân peê ɨlabɨlabába sháai ánaa ildíéin"? Why do you warriors

take tea like dogs (ie. wierdly)?

ladaákany [North]

n. [North]

Agama; type of reptile. mekúa [North] ‘Lizard’; ol-mokúa ‘Lizard’.

See: l-

a-laikinó v.dat v.mid v.aux+Subjunctive-Infinitive. To fail, be unable. Ɛrɔ́k ómom Pita amʉ̂ ɛtáláíkíne ayáma ́nâ títō. Pita is unfortunate because he was not able to woo that girl. (W).

Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí aitoósh ɛnká ́ mɛtálaikinoyú esíái. The child is causing the other to fail doing her work. (Pk). ɔltʉŋáni ɔlaikínō a person who fails, is unable. See: a-lá; alák ‘To untie, miss’.

Laikípia

Nom sg: Láikípia. [láìkípia, two initial moras, one nal mora]

Variant: Láíkípiak. n.prop. Anglicized

version of ɨl-áíkípiak; the plateau which was the last home of the ɨl-aikípiak Maasai before their numbers were decimated by certain other Maasai sections in the 19th century. Álóíto Laikípia tááisére. I am going to Laikipia tomorrow. (W). Sídáí Láikípia olêŋ. Laikipia is very beautiful. (W). See: ɔl-áíkípiani ‘Laikipia Maasai person’.

a-laɨshɔ́ v. To suffer a loss. See: a-lák; a-lá ‘To untie; to be lost’. a-lák v.prog. 1 • To untie, loosen, release, set free. alák ɛnkɛɛnɛ́ to untie the strap. alák nkúé To untie plaits of hair (S). Kɛ́táláá. She has untied it. (S). See: ɔl-aláani ‘One who unties, pays’. 2 • [North] To undress.

pay, compensate. Ɔlaɨnyámɔní ɔ́lak inkíshú ɛ́nyāmu It is the thief who will pay cows for the theft (he/she has done). Éípukóti apá olashé ótalakíéki orkíné. The calf that was used to pay for the castrated he-goat was a blend of black and white in color. (Pk). Káyīēū nílak esíle pɔɔk ́. I want you to pay all (your) debt. (Pk). Álákɨta. I am paying. 4 • To spread. 3 • To

5 • [North]

To remove a curse.

a-ɨtalák v.cause. 1 • To make pay; charge. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aɨtalák ɔlɨkâ ̂ esíle ɛnyɛ́. The man is making the other a-laá

one pay him his debt. (Pk). 2 • To avenge. v.mid. 1 • To

be paid. 2 • To be spread.

a-laak ́ a-laarí

1 • To

a-lakʉ́

v.dir. 1 • To

v.dat. To

compensate.

move away (not hanging around). 2 • To be satisfied with things as they are. undress s.o. 2 • To untie from, release. 3 • To remove from prison.

a-lakunó

v.dir v.mid. To

get out of an obligation, have freedom

from sth. Tenímīyīēū nírēt iyíóók, ́lákúnō peê ɨpál. If you don't want to help us, you are free to stop.

a-lakinó [North] v.dat v.mid. [North] To fail. a-lakúá Variant: lakwanú. v. To be far off, be distant in time or space. ... nɛ́ākʉ̄ mɛ́dɔ̂l ɛnɛlákūā. ... so they cannot see far. (KS). e-lákúnotó [North] Nom sg: lakúnotó. [North] Acc pl: lakunót. [North] Nom pl: lákunót. n. 1 • Freedom,

liberty. 2 • Redemption, payment. See: a-lák ‘To untie, loosen’.

a-lalá v.mid. 1 • To be wide. Ɛlɛlɛ́k ɛɨmɨ kishómi nálálá aláŋ ɛnáp ́r ́k. It is easier to pass through a wide gate than a narrow gate. irónyi ɔɔ́lala broad shoulders (shoulders that are wide). enkóítóí nalala a wide path (a path that is wide). Ant: a-pɨr

́k ‘narrow’. See: dápásh ‘Wide’.

broad. Kɛ́lalá ɛlɛ́ gɨlatá amʉ̂ kɛ́ɨsháā ɨltʉ́ŋáná kúmok. This room is spacious and will accomodate many people. ɛnkɔ́p nálálá a wide world. 2 • Spacious,

ewúéji nɛ́lálá a spacious place. 3 • To be broad-minded. Ɛáta ɔlpáyian mórúo ɛlʉ́kʉ́nyá nálálá. The old man is broad-minded. ɔltʉŋáni ɔ́lálá (i) a

person who is broad-minded; (ii) a fat person (a person that is wide).

a-lalaú v.incep. To widen. ɨ-lálá lɛ kishiaá n. Incisor teeth. Ɛtabúákɨ ɛnkayíóni áaitayu ɨlálá lɛ kishiaá. The boy had his lower incisor teeth taken out. (Pk). See: a-ishiaá ‘To be iconic’.

a-lám v. To move or keep away from; avoid, stand aloof from. Kálám endá kíné. I will move away from that goat. ́ Ɨntalamá ́ ɛnâ kɛ́rá ́ dalût amʉ̂ Kéíbukóó kʉnâ motorí. Keep off this mischevious child, because he will pour out this soup. (Pk). Ɛt́ álámá. He avoided it. Ɛtálámá. He avoided it. (W).

a-ɨtalám To move or remove far away from. a-lamá v.mid. To be far apart. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aɨtɨny ́k inkáŋítie naálamá. The man is bringing together homes lámáát

that are far apart. (Pk).

of bees, bigger than the normal bees that appear more aggressive and dangerous in stinging. See: lotóroi [North] ‘Bee’.

ɔ-lámál

Nom sg: lamaát. n. Type

Nom sg: ɔ-lamál. Acc pl: ɨ-lamalá. n. Deputation,

band of initiates. See: in-torosí ‘Group of women formed for particular ceremonial reasons’; n-j ́ŋa ‘Group of men or women formed to get into peoples homes for traditional performances’; olkérémpé ‘Group of men or women who gang up together to perform certain duties’.

laman kʉ́tʉ́k around’.

o-láméyú

n. Moustache. See: a-manaá ‘To

revolve, spread

Nom sg: o-lámeyu. Acc pl: ɨ-lameyitín. Nom pl: ɨ-lámeyitin.

Náa ́nâ mueyíán apá náawá ɨltʉ́ŋáná kúmok olêŋ aláŋ olodúá ó láméyú. [South] Acc sg: ɔl-áméyí. n. Drought.

... and that was the disease that killed many people, more than rinderpest and drought.

lányâ nkúɛ́ny [North] n. [North] Kestrel. a-láŋ2 v.prog. To cross over; step over, jump over. Óre aké peê ɛɨnɛpʉn ́ nɛ́laŋ ɔltɔmɛ́. When they came to it, the elephant crossed it. Ɛg ́ra aaparɛ́ oreyíét aɨŋɔrʉ́ ewúéji nɛlaŋíé. He is going alongside the river to look for a place to cross. (W). aláŋ ɔlkɛjʉ́ To go to the other side of a river. Ɛlaŋ ́ láâm ɛ́tɔ̂n etióyo ɨŋarrín. The road is crossed before cars come. Tálaŋa ɛnkɨlâ m ́rɔ́rɔ. Step over the cloth, don't step on it. Mɛ́lâŋ ɛnkɛráí olcatá otuurokíne enkóítóí. A child cannot cross over a tree that has fallen on the path. Ɔlmɨnɔ́ŋ tɛn ́láŋ osésen lɔ́ltʉŋáni otúá. It is a taboo to step over a dead person's body. Tálaŋa engúmótó mídóíki aké. Step/jump over a hole, don't fall into it. Mɛlɛlɛ́k ɛlaŋatá ɛ́nk ́má éípíípítô. It is not easy to step over fire when it is in flames. Kélíoo orrekíé lɔ́lásʉ̄rāī ɔtalaŋá enkóítóí. The track of a snake that has crossed the path is visible. Táaráí inkíshú mɛtálaŋa ɔlkɛjʉ́. Drive the cows to cross over the river. Ɛlaŋ ́ta ɨltʉŋaná ɔlkɛjʉ́ tɛ máshua. People are crossing over the river on a boat. See: a-ipíd ‘To jump’.

a-ɨtaláŋ To cause to cross. a-láŋ ɛnkálém Restrict: boys. A boy will not cross over if he is

defiled.To swear when crossing over the circumcisor's knife to indicate that one has not defiled himself. Ɛɨtʉ́ ɛ́lâŋ ɔlkirekenyí ɛnkálɛ́m namʉratíéki. The uncircumcised boy (who has slept with a circumcised woman) did not skip over the knife that is used to circumcise him.

a-laŋak ́ v.dat. To cross over to reach s.o. or sth. at some place. a-laŋʉ́ To cross towards. a-láŋ1 v tr. v tr. To exceed, surpass, be more than. 2 • v tr. To be more than, exceed, surpass. Ɛ́ ́ŋɛn ɔlpáyian kítok aláŋ ɛnkayíóni. An old man is wiser than a boy. Ɛ́ ́sápʉk ɔltɔmɛ́ aláŋ enkolií. An elephant is bigger than a gazelle. Kéíbótór ɔlpáyian aláŋ enkitók. The man is older than the woman. Kéíróíshi ɛnk ́tɛŋ aláŋ enkíné. A cow is heavier than a goat. (Pk).

a-ɨtaláŋ

cause to exceed. 2 • [North] To miscount.

ɛ-láŋátá

1 • To

Nom sg: ɛ-laŋatá. Acc pl: ɨ-laŋát. Nom pl: ɨ-laŋát. n. 1 • Crossing

point for a river, depression, or ridge; fording place. See: áŋátá ‘Plain, ford’; láŋíé ‘Crossing place’. 2 • Female lover, girlfriend with whom one has a sexual relationship or affair. Usage: slang. See: ɛ-s ́ntaní; encoruét ‘Girlfriend’. 3 • [North] Relatives.

ɔ-láŋátá Male lover. i-láŋér n.pl. Species of bitter plant. See: l-kájít ‘Species of bitter plant’. ɔ-laŋɛ́t Nom sg: ɔ-láŋɛt. Acc pl: ɨ-laŋɛ́ta. Nom pl: ɨ-láŋɛta. n. Bridge. láŋíé [North] [North] Nom sg: laŋíé. [North] Acc pl: láŋíên. n. 1 • [North]

ɛ-lâp

Bridge; ford; shallow place in a river that can be crossed on foot. 2 • [North] Cowpath which becomes a gully or cut. See: ɛláŋátá ‘Crossing place’. Nom sg: ɛ-lâp. Acc pl: ɨ-lápi. Nom pl: ɨ-lápî. n. Grudge;

ill-feelings. aatá ɛlâp To harbor ill feelings. See: a-ɨláp ‘To bear a grudge against’.

lásîm [North]

n. [North]

Gift for the circumciser or remover of

incisor teeth.

ɛ-láshéí

Nom sg: ɛ-lashéí. Acc pl: ɨ-láshé. Nom pl: ɨ-lashé. n. Louse

body).

See: l-ácéyíó

látá [North]

[North] ‘Louse’.

(of

[North] Nom sg: latá. [North] Acc pl:

́lá, látân. [North] Nom pl: latân. n. 1 • [North] Fat (generic). See: ɛ- ́látá ‘Fat’; a-ɛ́l ‘To annoint, smear with fat’. 2 • [North] Vehicle fuel.

látá narúko [North] This is the lighter fat used for drinking, as ɛ-látíá

opposed to serét, which is heavier and is used for cooking. [North] Fat from the skin of a cow. See: serét ‘Stomach fat’.

Nom sg: ɛ-latíá. Acc pl: ɨ-latiaritín. Nom pl: ɨ-látiaritín. [North] Acc

latîân. n.pl. Neighbor, neighbourhood. Kááta látíá kitók. I have a big neighborhood/I have lots of neighbors. (SN). Ɛtɔ́rɔ́pá lpáyian látíá ɛnyɛ́ aishó ntáré payîê mélíkóo áajo nɨnyɛ́ ɔ́tarúá nkíshú. The man has bribed his neighbours by giving them goats so that they may not report that he raided/stole the cows. (SN). pl: latiatín,

a-laú

In some suffixed forms: laun. v. 1 • To

miss, lack, go without. Náa

kélotú taá doí oshî ɔltʉ́ŋání pɔɔk ́ asasú tɛ nɛ́láú ɛndáa. And certainly everyone will grow thin if they lack food. (Pk). 2 • To

be unable to find. Ɛtámúyíá ɨlɔ́ páyian nélauní ́nâ

moyíán ɛnyɛ́, kájó kétíí ɔltʉ́ŋání ɔ́shɔmɔ́ asakút.

That old man became sick and the disease was not established, maybe somebody bewitched him. (W).

a-laɨshɔ́ To be in lack; suffer loss. a-laɨk ́ ɛnkányɨt To show disrespect. (a)lɛ́1 Nom pl: lɛ̂. n.pl. Milk; variant used after determiners. Kɛ́ ́rówua kʉná lɛ̂. [kɛ́ɪ ́ɾówua kʊ̀ná ! lɛ́] This milk is hot. Kɛ́bɛbɛ́k kʉná lɛ̂ amʉ̂ ɛ́t ́p ́kákɨ ɛnkárɛ́. [kʊ̀ná lɛ] This milk is diluted because it has water. (W). Eóto nɛnâ lɛ̂. That milk is

lɛ́2

fermented. (W). áâ kʉnâ lɛ́ ɔ́ ɛnâ áíshíó.. and it is these milks and this wine... Kákua (a)lɛ́ náoto? Which milk is fermented? (eg. out of several calabashes) (W). Íncorú nɛ́ná lɛ́. Give me that milk. (W). Eóto nɛnâ lɛ̂. That milk is fermented. (W). See: kʉlɛ́ ‘Milk’.

psr.prt. Prefixed

form of the possessive particle ɛ́. This is used with a masculine possessed item and either a singular feminine possessor; or, since feminine is the unmarked gender in Maa, even a masculine possessor; compare use of both lɛ́/lḗ and lɔ́ in the following, where the expected form before a plural possessor would be (l)ɔɔ: ɔlkási lé únōtō work of the warrior installation ceremony. Népūōnū ɨlmʉ́rrân lɛ́ kʉ́ldɔ̄ tʉ́ŋáná lɔ́ Larinkoi. And warriors from Olarinkoi's people came. Note: Phonologically lɛ́ cliticizes to the following word, as shown by ATR agreement. See: ɛ́ ‘Of’.

lɛ akɛnyá [North]

Feeling well in the morning after a sleepless night of being sick (lit: of the morning).

lɛ́ mbáɛ (nabô)

n. [North]

bird. See: mámʉ́rra ‘Secretary bird’; l-mómúnjú ‘Secretary bird’.

lɛ́ nkálɛ́m

Nom sg: lɛ́ mbáɛ. n. Secretary

[lɛ́nkālɛ̄m] Nom sg: lɛ́ nkalɛm. Acc pl: lɔɔ́

lɛ́ nkalɛm. Nom pl: lɔ́ɔ lɛ́ nkalɛm. n. Hawk (lit: of the knife). See: n-kilíru [North] ‘Hawk’.

ɔ-lɛ́ sá ́nká [South]

Elbow (lit: of sainka). Syn: oloidólokî ‘Elbow’; ɔl-ɔp ́ lɛ́ ntákule ‘Elbow’; ol-oidólol.

lɛ́ámárɛtɛ [North]

n. [South]

The inside mud wall in the entry way of a traditional house. See: ɛnkají ‘House’.

leanáce [North] son.

[North] Nom sg: lɛamárɛtɛ. n. [North]

[North] Nom sg: léanáce. n. [North]

Usage: intimate.

lédíéin [North]

n.m n.pl. [North]

Mother's sister's

Variant: lédéin. [North] Nom sg: lédiein. See: il-díein.

Small species of fly which bites camels and dogs (hence the name). Etymology: < lɛ + l-díein 'of + dogs'.

ɔ-lɛ́ɛ

Nom sg: ɔl-lɛ́ɛ.̂ Acc pl: ɨ-lɛ́wa. Nom pl: ɨ-lɛ́wâ. [North] Acc sg: lɛ́ɛ.

Variant: lɛ́wá. voc: lá-lɛ́wâ. n. 1 • Man,

male human being. This term

encompasses men of any age. 2 • [North] Gentleman; reasonable, diplomatic elder.

of (someone). ɔlɛ́ɛ Naiyómāh son of Naiyómāh. See: ɔ́lɛ̂ ‘one belonging to’. 3 • Son

a-leén

v. 1 • To

scout; survey. 2 • [North] To check periodically, glance over. See: eléénore ‘Reconnaissance’.

e-léénore n. Reconaissance. See: leén ‘To scout’. légéí [North] Variant: lɛ́gɛɨ. [North] Nom sg: legéí. n. [North] Nubian

vulture. Torgos tracheliotus. See: ol-kílérrua; en-kínyâ inkík ‘Vulture’; sákérí [North] ‘Vulture’.

lɛ ́cɨŋa [North]

́ŋa. n. [North] Member of another clan or tribe; s.o. with no relationship to oneself (whether hostile or not); outsider.

ɔ-lɛ́ ́nyúáá

[North] Nom sg: lɛ́ɨc

Nom sg: ɔ-lɛɨnyuaá. Acc pl: ɨ-lɛ́nyɔ́k. Nom pl: ɨ-lɛnyɔ́k. n. Hair

from the tail of an animal. Máapɛ́ aké níkipuo

áaduŋuduŋ ɨlɛ́nyɔ́k lɔɔ́ ɨlkɨdɔŋɔ́ lɔɔ́ isirkôn. Let's just a-lɛ́j

go and cut into pieces hair from the donkeys' tails. páp ́tá ‘Hair’.

See: ɔl-

deceive s.o.; lie, cheat. Ɛĺ ɛ́j ɔlmaŋátindá ɨltʉ́ŋáná peê epurrúo inkíshú. The enemy will cheat people so as to steal their cows. Ɛ́ ́tɔrrɔ́nɔ̂ ɛlɛ̂ tʉ́ŋání amʉ̂ kɛ́lɛ́j ̄shɔ̄. This man is bad because he is a liar. Atɛlɛ́ja Dóris néíruk. I cheated/deceived Doris, and she believed. (W). Ɛtɛlɛ́júá inkúɛ́ny atûâ ají nɛ́ ́bʉŋ. The tricked the birds into the house and then caught them. (W). See: ɛ-lɛ́járɛ́ ‘Lie’. 2 • [North] To implore. v. 1 • To

a-lɛjaá

v.dir. 1 • To

deceiving.

send away with some excuse; send away

2 • To

seduce, lure, beguile.

a-lɛjɨshɔ́, a-lɛɨshɔ́ To tell a lie. See: a-sáp ‘To deceive’. ɛ-lɛ́járɛ́ Nom sg: and \cp. Where did the following come from?. Acc pl: ɨ-lɛjaritín

a-lɛ́k

(IS there a plural?). Nom pl: ɨ-lɛ́jaritin. n. 1 • Deception; act of cheating or lying. Etupurróyie olpurrishóí inkíshú ó lpayíán tɛ lɛjarɛ́. The thief stole the man's cows by cheating. 2 • [North] Begging; [South] Begging. See: e-mónkóí ‘Lie’; esápáré ‘Lie’. Variant: a-liák. [North]: a-ɨlág. v. To

eject contents of the stomach through the mouth; regurgitate. Ɛg ́ra ɛnkɛráí alɛ́k. The child is regurgitating.

liaát a-lɛkán

n. Vomit v. To

of a child.

place at right angles to the long axis; extend or lie across sth. in a crosswise direction. alɛkán inkeék To put sticks across others.

ɨ-lɛkát n. Left-overs. See: a-lɛkʉ́ ‘To remain over’. lekishu n. Type of small bird. lɛkɔrjɔ́ɔl [North] n. [North] The corner as one enters a traditional house.

a-lɛkʉ́ v. 1 • To be left over, remain over, remain (eg. food). Etíī sháái nátɛlɛkúá. There is tea remaining (eg. in the pot).

(W). Usage: This does not mean 'left behind', as one might leave a person behind.. To leave work unfinished. Kátɛ́lɛ́kua. He left it unfinished. (S). 3 • To spare, save. See: a-tɔ́n ‘To remain’; a-w(u)on ‘To remain’. 2 • [North]

lékûâ

Nom pl: lekûâ. [North] Acc sg: lókûâ. Variant: lokúá. [Chamus] Nom

pl: lekúa. dem. Masculine

plural 3rd distal demonstrative; those. Kádɔ́l ́ta lókûâ pópokí. [lòkùà pópòkí] I see those carcasses. (SN). See: Pronouns-Demonstratives.

lɛ́kʉ́lá [North] [North] Nom sg: lɛkʉlá. n. [North] Afterbirth. lekumecín [North] [North] Nom sg: lékumecín. n. [North] Water that escapes from cattle during pregnancy.

lekumecín lɛ nká ́ [North] [North] Wind prefiguring rain, perhaps with a few heavy drops of rain.

lekunót [North] food).

Lekurruki

[North] Nom sg: lékunót. n. [North]

See: a-lɛkʉ́ ‘To n.prop. Name

be left over’.

Leftovers (as of

of a hill along the road between Endungishoi and Olosho on the Sianna Plains, Narok District, Kenya (lit: of-crows). See: ɔl-kʉ́rrʉk ‘Crow, raven’.

lɛ́kʉ́tʉ́k [North]

[North] Nom sg: lɛkʉtʉ́k. n. 1 • [North]

See: ɛn-kʉ́tʉ́k ‘Mouth’.

Promise.

2 • [North]

lɛ́lɛ

Promise that cannot be kept. 3 • [North] Pride, boastfulness.

singular demonstrative; this. Lɛ́lɛ̄ olmosorî. This is an egg.

Acc pl: lóoló. dem. Masculine

a-lɛlɛ́k v. 1 • To be easy. Kɛ́lɛlɛ́k ɛncɔlatá ɛ́na ́látá tenéírowuajíéki. It is easy to liquify this fat if it is heated. (Pk). 2 • To be cheap.

a-lɛlɛ́k nkue [North] [North] To be apt, to catch on quickly. a-lelekú v.incep. To become easy. leléō1 Acc pl: leleoní. Nom pl: léleoní. 1 • Having large circular or spots or patches which form a pattern. Tápaashare ínâ kítéŋ ó leleoní míkinkum. Avoid that circularly-spotted cow so it

doesn't ram you. (Pk). 2 • Having a circular or semi-circular repeating pattern or design (eg. as on a tortise shell). Note: kk (W) says he is unfamiliar with this ever being applied to a cattle pelt pattern.

o-leléō2

Nom sg: o-léleó. Acc pl: i-leleoní. Nom pl: i-léleoní. n. 1 • Gourd

that is broken; broken curving piece of gourd.

repair patches made on a broken calabash. ncɔɔ́kɨ ́lɔ̂ leléō. Give me that old gourd patch. 3 • Piece of calabash sewn into the top of the lid (ɛnk-amanáa) of an en-kúkúrí. 4 • Potsherd. 5 • General term for calabashes. Usage: derog. 5 • Type of shell. 2 • Old

lɛlɛr ̂ɛ̂ [North]

[North] Nom sg: lɛ́lɛr

pl: lɛ́lɛrʉ. adj. [North]

e-léléró

Young.

̂ɛ̂. [North] Acc pl: lɛlɛ́rʉ. [North] Nom

Nom sg: e-leleró. n.f. The

members of society that are energetic, strong, employable, and the physical protectors, typically between 15 to 35 or 40 years of age; young folk. The men of this group may possibly be junior elders, but are not the typical decision-makers of society. Whether one has been initiated is irrelevant to being e-léléró. Eléléró oshî ilaŋorók lɔ́ɔ nkáŋítie ɛnyɛ̂. It is the young folk who are the breadwinners of their homes. (Pk).

a-lelerú [North]

[North] ‘Young’.

o-léléshūā

v.incep. [North]

To become young.

See: lɛlɛr

Nom sg: o-leléshūā. Acc pl: i-leleshuaní. Nom pl: i-

̂ɛ̂

léleshuaní. [Purko] Nom pl: i-léléshwaní. n. This plant grows in the highlands.Plant with grayish leaves and stems, and with white "wooly" flowers. Leaves can be used for a temporary matress on the ground, for putting meat on (before or after being roasted). Sheep, goats, cows, donkies may eat it. Warriors us it as a perfume/deodorant.

e-léléshūā Small plant of this same species. a-lɛlɛ́ʉ́ v.dir. To move slowly so as not to be noticed; creep. a-leliak ́ v.dir. 1 • To put slowly into. 2 • To

creep for.

a-leliarí v.dir. To move away slowly; sneak. a-leliarí v.mid v.dir. To sneak away, moving away cautiously and secretly. Etelelíári ɛnkɛráí aɨpáŋ tɛ áji. The child has sneaked out of the house.

a-leliak ́ To sneak into. a-lɛlɛʉnyɛ́ Syn: a-japarí ‘To sneak out’. To sneak out. lɛ́lɔ̂ Nom pl: lɛlɔ̂. [North] Acc sg: lɔ́lɔ̂. dem. Masculine plural 2nd distal demonstrative; those. Émbukóí siîiyie lɛ́lɔ̂ p ́dɨlá. [sìî ìyyé lɛ̀lɔ̀ pɪ ́dɪ ̀lá] Pour those eas. See: ́lɔ̂ ‘Masculine singular 2nd distal demonstrative; that’; Pronouns-Demonstratives.

ɔ-lɛ́lʉ́kʉ́nya

Nom sg: ɔ-lɛ́lʉkʉnya. Acc pl: ɨ-lɛ́lʉ́kʉ́ny. Nom pl: ɨ-lɛ́lʉkʉny.

[North] Acc sg: lákúnyá. [Chamus] Acc sg: lʉ́kʉ́nyá. n. Brain

(lit: of the head). Syn: ɔ-lɛ́p ́rny ́ny ‘brain’. See: ɛ-lʉ́kʉ́nyá ‘Head’.

lɛ́máát

Nom sg: lemaát. n. Type

of bee, bigger than the normal bees that appear more aggressive and dangerous in stinging. See: lotóroi [North] ‘Bee’.

o-lɛ́mbáláŋ n. Lion (lit: he-of-the-roar). See: ol-kurrukur ‘Lion’. lemoluatí [North] n. [North] Small amount of water that

spreads on the ground but quickly evaporates when it stops raining. See: ɨn-kʉ́ta ‘Rain water’; ɛn-álɔ́ɔ ́ ‘Dirtified water in a dam’.

lémúncú

Nom sg: lemuncú. [North] Acc sg: lómúncú. 1 • So-and-so.

2 • [North]

Type of beetle. 3 • Tiny, minute.

ɔ-lɛ́nkā ̄nā

Nom sg: ɔ-lɛ́nkā

ɔ-lɛ́nkālɛ̄m

Nom sg: ɔ-lɛ́nkālɛ̄m. Acc pl: ɨ-lɔɔ́lɛ́nkālɛ̄m. Nom pl: ɨ-

̄nā. Acc pl: ɨ-lɔɔ́nkā ̄k. Nom pl: ɨ-lɔ́ɔnka ́k. n. Elephant. See: ɔl-tɔ́mɛ́; ol-káncáóí ‘Elephant’; ɔl-cáŋītō sápʉk ‘Wild animal, Elephant’. lɔ́ɔlɛ́nkālɛ̄m. n. 1 • A person with the knife (lit: the person of the knife).

2 • Type

of black meat-eating bird.

o-lenkipa [South]

n. [South]

Vagina (lit: it-of-birth-slime). See: ɛn-k ́páí ‘Slime; birth-slime’.

lenkitórdia [North] n. [North] The little finger. lɛ́nkʉ́rbany n. Baboon. See: ɔ-ɛ́kɛny ‘Baboon’. e-lénkût Nom sg: e-lenkút. Acc pl: i-lénkúto. Nom pl: i-lenkutó. n. Storage place for gourds inside the house, made from sticks covered with mud. The storage place has a raised shelf to keep the gourds off the ground and dry, and typically has two holes on opposite sides near the top through which the gourds are put into the storage compartment.

lɛnyɛ̂ Nom pl: lɛ́nyɛ̄. pn.psr. Masculine plural possessive pronoun; their. Ɛshɛt ́ta ɨrmʉ́rrân ɨltaɨkân lɛnyɛ̂. The warriors are making their pigtails. (Pk). See: Possessive pronoun paradigm.

lɛnyɛ́nā

Nom sg: lɛ́nyɛná. Acc pl: lɛnyɛ̂. Nom pl: lɛ́nyɛ̄. pn.psr. Third

ɨ-lɛ́nyɔ́k

Nom pl: ɨ-lɛnyɔ́k. n.pl. Hair

person singular possessive pronoun of plural masculine possessed items, 'his, her (masculine things). See: Possessive Pronoun Paradigm; ɛnyɛ́nā ‘His, her (feminine things)’. of the most lower part of an animal tail, ie. the tip of the tail; tail whisk. See: ɔl-pápítá ‘One hair’.

lényúáá [North]

[North] Nom sg: lenyúáá. [North] Acc pl: lényók. [North]

Nom pl: lenyók. n. 1 • [North]

Strans of animal hair (eg. from the tip of the tail of a wildebeest or giraffe). Previously such strands were used to string beads. 2 • [North] Surgical instrument made of a quill and a "thread" which is a tail strand; used for removing the uvula when s.o. has a chronic cough, or for suturing a serious cut.

a-léŋ1 v. To be generous, plentious. Óre ɨlMáásâ ̂ náa ɨltʉ́ŋáná apá ooléŋ olêŋ. Long ago, Maasai were very generous people. Ɛg ́rá ́ áaipusie ɔlmʉ́rráni oléŋ ɛnká ́ná. The

generous warrior is having his hand made blue by twisting blue beads on it. (Pk). Óre ɔltʉŋáni léméléŋ náa ɛ́ ́tɔrrɔ́nɔ̄. A person who is not generous is bad. See: am ́nɨn ‘Generous’.

a-leŋú v.incep. To be abundant (of land); give plenty of grass. a-léŋ2 v. 1 • To intersect sth. Etaléŋote ilkeék ááré óotuurorî. Two trees that have fallen down have intersected with each other. Etaléŋote ɨltʉŋanák tɛnkoitóí. Two people have met on the way.

join into the middle of sth. Átáléŋó ɔlpáyian olkeréri. The man has cut into (joined) the middle of the queue. This word cannot be used to say that a car impacted with a person, as in an accident. But one car could do it to a road, or to another car. 3 • Intercept. 4 • [North] To run into, meet unintentionally. 2 • To

a-iteléŋ To allow to mix or mingle. Lɛ́ŋ ́ná ́ [North] n.prop. [North] Mt. Kenya (lit: of the snow). e-leŋón Nom sg: form is taken from W 191 for Samburu. CHECK. n. 1 • Generosity. náa óre eleŋón náa nabô báɛ sídáí apá natíī atúā ɔlkúak lɔɔ́ lmáásāī. And generosity was one of

the good things within the Maasai character. See: a-léŋ ‘To be generous’. 2 • Season of plenty. 3 • [North] Greenness of grass or land. ol-áméyú: ‘Famine, drought, long dry season’.

o-leŋóti

Nom sg: o-léŋoti. Acc pl: i-leŋót. Nom pl: i-léŋot. [North] Acc

pl: leŋót,

leŋóta. [North] Nom pl: lɛ́ŋota. n. 1 • [South] Large firewood log, which may be kept burning for days. 2 • Fireplace outside a village. 3 • Comfortable, sheltered (often shady) place outside the gate where the elders (men) sit and observe what is going on.

Kɛ́ɛdɔ́ oléŋoti lâî. (The plant making) my shady place is tall. (Pk). 4 • [North] Log of a tree. See: náapo ‘Meeting place’; ologól ‘Firewood log’.

lɛ́ɔś ɔ̂m [North] a-lép

Index finger; the finger used to sign 30 (lit: of thirty). See: ɔsɔ̂m [North] ‘Thirty’. v.prog. 1 • To

[North] Nom sg: lɛ́ɔsɔ̂m. n. [North]

squeeze sth. between the fingers so as to get milk out of it; to milk. This verb can be used to 'milk' a cow, small intestines, tree, or medicinal plant. The exact range of what it can be applied to varies from one area to another. Álép ɛnkítɛ́ŋ tááisére. I will milk the cow tomorrow. (W). Kálēp ɛnkɨtɛ́ŋ. I will milk the cow. Élép. He will milk it. Élép ɛnkítɛ́ŋ tááisére. She will milk the cow tomorrow. (W). Áyíéú nálēp ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. I want to milk a cow. Íyīēū nílēp ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. You want to milk a cow. Eyíéú nélep ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. She wants to milk a cow. (W). Kíiyíéú níkilep ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. We want to milk a cow. (W). Kálēp ɨlk ́. I will milk (my own) breast. [This is sometimes done when a child does not drink enough to relieve the mother's breasts.]. Kélépīshō inkalepók. The milkers will milk. (Pk). Álépíto ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. I am milking a cow. (W). Álépíto ɛnkítɛ́ŋ ŋolé. Yesterday I was milking a cow. (W). Ílépíto ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. You are milking a cow. (W). Elepíto. She is milking. Élépíto. She is milking. (W). Kílepito ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. We are milking a cow. (W). Ílépítóto ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. Y'all are milking a cow. (W). Átálépo ɛnkítɛ́ŋ ŋolé. I milked a cow yesterday. (W). Ítálépo ɛnkítɛ́ŋ ŋolé. You milked a cow yesterday. (W). Étálépó. She milked it. Etálépó. She milked it. (W). Etálépó ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ ŋolé. She milked a cow yesterday. (W). Ítálépô ɛnkítɛ́ŋ ŋolé. Y'all milked a cow yesterday. (W). Kítalepô ɛnkítɛ́ŋ ŋolé. We milked a cow yesterday. (W). Álépīshō ŋolé. Yesterday I was

milking. (W). Álépīshō tááisére. Tomorrow I will milk (W). Ílépíshósho ŋolé. You (pl) milked yesterday. (W). Átálépīshē. I milked. (W). 2 • To beat a child thoroughly in order to get the poisonous behavior out of him or her. Usage: metaphorical.

a-ɨtalép v.cause. To make it flow with milk or water. a-lepú v.dir. To milk for benefit of the speaker. a-lepó v.mid. 1 • To have a calf. 2 • To

be in milk (after the birth of a child, of a calf, etc.). Elépo ɛná k ́tɛŋ. The cow is in milk / lactating.

a-lepoyú

be in the process of coming to give milk (as in a cow giving birth).

a-lepokí e-lepét

(W).

v.mid v.incep. To

v.dat. To

milk for. Elépóki. He will milk for him/her.

Nom sg: e-lépet. Acc pl: i-lepéta. Nom pl: i-lépeta. n. Small

calabash for milking, with narrow opening, long body, and attached leather handle. See: en-kúkúrí ‘Calabash’; a-lép ‘To milk’.

ɔ-lɛ́p ́rny ́ny

Nom sg: ɔ-lɛ́pɨrnyɨny. [Purko] Acc sg: ol-oipírnyiny. n. Soft

white part of the brain tissue, inside the skull. Kɛ́ ́tɔrrɔ́nɔ̂ ɔlɛ́pɨrnyɨny olêŋ tenínya. The brain is very bad if you eat it. The ɔl-ɛ́p ́rny ́ny is thought to be very dangerous to eat. Syn: ɔlɛ́lʉ́kʉ́nya ‘Brain’; l-ákʉ́nyá [North] ‘Brain’. See: ɛlʉ́kʉ́nyá ‘Head’.

a-lepó

v. 1 • To

have a calf. 2 • To be in milk; lactate. See: a-lepokí ‘To milk for’; lépóré ‘milking’.

e-lépóré

Nom sg: e-leporé. Acc pl: e-lépótó. Nom pl: e-lepotó. n. Milking.

a-leporí

v.dir v.mid. 1 • To

See: a-lepó ‘To

have a calf, be in milk’; a-lép ‘To milk’.

get discouraged from pursuing a certain goal after many trials. ɔltʉŋáni olepóri person who is

discouraged. 2 • To be exhausted; lie down exhausted with no energy to wake up again due to hunger, sickness, heat etc.

lɛpɔ́t [North] lɛrâî1

n.f n.pl. [North]

slaughtered animal; offal.

Contents of intestines found in a

Nom sg: lɛ́rai. Acc pl: lɛrá. Nom pl: lɛ́ra. adj. 1 • Golden-brown;

epitomised by the colour of the trunk of an acacia tree sp. Tooshu ilo áshê lɛrâî. Bring that golden-brown calf. (Pk). 2 • Green, light-green, yellow. Orange color; bright to faded orange. Kéji aá ɛnkalámu lɛrâî. What is the orange pen? (lit: How is the orange pen called?) (W). 4 • [North] Off white, cream coloured. See: ɔ-lɛrâî ‘Acacia’; barrikói ‘Brownish-yellow’. 3 • [West]

ɔ-lɛrâî2

Acc pl: i-lera. n. Acacia

tree. mimosoideae. The wood of the acacia xanthophloea is used as fuel for cooking, medicine for diarrhoea, as an ingredient in soup, and as a toothbrush. acacia albida, acacia seyal (= kirk's acacia), acacia xanthophloea. Ɔlɛrâî

orpááshɛ́. Marias

fenced a large fence using an acacia tree. (Pk). The early European settlers referred to the light-green-barked species of this tree as the "fever tree" as it is indicative of wet soil, and is found in areas where mosquitos breed.

lɛ́sɛ́rɛ [North]

greeting. [North]

dúó eikáríé Maríás

Goodbye.

See: olesére ‘Goodbye’.

lesídí [North] last. (S).

n. [North]

lésómúá n. Partner. lesupólio [North]

Last. Kátáa lesídí. They have come

[North] Nom sg: lésupólio. n. [North]

finger or fourth finger.

Middle

letól [North] n. [North] Sword. See: ɛnk-álɛ́m ‘Knife’. leuú Nom sg: léuú. Acc pl: ɨl-ɔɔ́ leuú. Nom pl: ɨl-ɔ́ɔ leuú. n. Usage: Colloquial. Hyena. Táa íyīē ŋotó nakitéjo, n ́ákʉ íyīē ŋotó leuú. You become the mother of the hare, and you the mother of the hyena. (Pk). See: ɔl-ŋɔj ́nɛ ‘Hyena’.

ɨ-lɛ́wa Nom pl: ɨ-lɛ́wâ. n.pl. Masculine individuals of any age; men. ́ nyâ ɨlɛ́wâ ɛndáa Népuo apá ɨlɛ́wâ. The men go. Ɨmɛ́ tɛná áji méyíɛ́ŋa ɔladúóó kêrr. Men will not eat food in that house if that castrated ram is not slaughtered [after birth of a child]. See: ɔ-lɛ́ɛ ‘Man’.

lewáíco [North] 2 • [North]

(ɔ-)lɛ́wáísho 1 • Penis.

[North] Nom sg: lewáíco. n.sg. 1 • [North]

Male genitals (of animals).

Manhood.

Nom sg: (ɔ-)lɛwáísho. [North] Acc sg: lɛwaishó,

lewáíco. n.

manliness. Ɛáta ́nâ kítok lɛ́wáísho amʉ̂ nɨnyɛ́ ná ́torɛ ɛnkáŋ ɔ́pɛny. That woman has (the responsibilities of) manhood because she takes care of the family all alone. (W). 2 • Manhood,

lí voc. Masculine vocative. See: lɔ́. i-liaát n.pl. Vomit. See: a-rrʉgʉmá ‘To vomit’. Syn: i-rrʉgʉmát, iŋʉrrʉmát ‘Vomit’.

o-liaatûâ

Nom sg: o-líaatûâ. Acc pl: i-liaatuaní. Nom pl: i-líaatuaní. n.

Inner wall; inner wall of a house that divides where people are and where the goats and sheep are. See: e-suntâî ‘Wall’; ɔlmɛ́kɛ́kɛ̂ ‘Reinforcing wall’.

a-liák

v. To

feel xxx for a small child. small child’.

líbo [North] libôî [North]

n. [North]

See: a-lɛ́k ‘To

Being greedy; glutton.

[North] Nom sg: líboi. n.sg. [North]

lubôî ‘Gluttony’.

líbótó [North] 1 • [North]

See: e-

lubót. n.f.

[North] Nom sg: licíé. [North] Acc pl: lícîên. [North] Nom

pl: licíén. n.f. [North]

a-l ́d

Gluttony.

[North] Nom sg: libotó. [North] Acc pl: libót,

Side (of people, animals). 2 • [North] Direction.

lícîê [North]

feel xxx for a

hide.

Whip; traditionally made from rhinocerous

v. 1 • To

knot. 2 • To tie, fasten. See: a-ɛ́n ‘To tie’.

ɛ-l ́dátá Nom sg: ɛ-lɨdatá. n. Knot. See: ɔ-ɛnɛ́t ‘knot’; a-lɨd ‘To knot, tie’. l ́dɔ̂ [North] Acc sg: ldɔ. dem. Masculine singular 3rd distal demonstrative: that.

See: Pronouns-Demonstratives.

lɨká ́ kékún

past, day-before-yesterday.

day; distal future. Ékíntokí áaduaa lɨkáɨ kékún. We will see each other another day. 2 • Other

lɨká ̄

[lɪkáɪ ́ ! kékún] adv. 1 • Distal

́kā .̄ pn.dem. 1 • Other, another (masc). Ɛɨtɛrrʉ́nyɛ aɨshɔ́ l ́kā ̄ porrór. The other age group has just started. Nom sg: l

2 • Different.

tɔɔ́ ltʉŋaná lɛ́ lɨká ̄ kúaak within (among)

people of a different tradition.

ɔ-lɨká ̄

a-likí

one, other one. ɔlɨká ̄ shɔrɛ́ láí my other friend (W). Ɛshɔmɔ́ ɔl ́kā ̄ shɔrɛ́ láí. My other friend left (W). 2 • Fellow, colleague. See: á ́ ‘Another (fem)’. n. 1 • Another

Variant: kiliki. PF stem [North]: -lɨk. In some suffixed forms: -likin. v. 1 • To

tell, inform s.o. of sth., report. tɛ náálíki nanʉ́ entóki... when I tell you sth.... (KS). Ɔltáʉ́ láí doí oshî ɨlɔ́ tʉ́ŋání

imɛɛ́ta entóki náás ɛ́ ́tʉ́ aɨkɨl ́kuan anáa alíki. That

person is very important to me; I don't do anything without consulting or informing him. (Pk). Tílikí. Tell him. (SN). Átólíkio. I told him. Kɛ́t ́l ́ka. He told him. (S). Kátílíka. I told him. (SN). Ɛtɔ́rɔ́pá lpáyian látíá ɛnyɛ́ aishó ntáré payîê mélíkóo áajo nɨnyɛ́ ɔ́tarúá nkíshú. The man has bribed his neighbours by giving them goats so that they may not report that he raided/stole the cows. (SN). See: a-jó ‘To tell’. explain to, give an opinion, advise. Kálíki ɛnkɛ́ráí entorrónī ɛ́ nk ́má I will tell the child how bad the fire is. See: a-limú ‘To explain’. 2 • To

a-likinó To be informed. a-likió Variant: a-likoó. To report. Átólíkíóyie. I have reported it. Átílíkóyie. I have reported it. (SN). a-likoó [North] 1 • To report, tell, declare, inform, accuse. 2 • To

announce. 3 • To preach. Usage: ecclastical.

a-lɨk ́ v. To come upon unexpectedly; steal upon. Nélo ɔltɔmɛ́, óre enkítojó nɛ́lɨk ́ ɛnáíshó oó lotórok. The elephant went, and the hare found the honey unexpectedly.

e-líkínotó n. Message. See: a-likí ‘To tell’. likórótó [North] [North] Acc pl: likorót. n.f. 1 • [North] Announcing. 2 • [North]

inform’.

Preaching, prophecy. Usage: Religous. See: a-likí ‘To tell,

a-lɨl ́ [North] v. [North] To have a bad smell, as from rotting or burning. Kát ́l ́l ́lɨa I've eaten sth. that's bad for me. (S). Note: This would not apply to the smell from a toilet

a-lɨl ́ŋ v. To do forcibly; exert force; impose or thrust urgently. Mɛlɨl ́ŋɨ enkígérore tɛ computer amʉ̂ kéínyála computer. Writing using a computer should not be done with

force because it will destroy the computer.

a-lɨlɨtá

v. 1 • To

walk. See: a-ló; a-mán ‘To walk’. 2 • To struggle to discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of. Ɛg ́ra alɨlɨtá aɨŋɔrʉ́ inkíshú naá ́mɨnâ. He is struggling looking for cows that got lost. See: a-ɨŋɔrʉ́ ‘To look for’.

a-lɨmán v.prog. 1 • To make restless. Mesídáí tɛn ́lɨmán inkíshú naátashalɨtâ. It is not good to make weak (emaciated) cows restless. Ɛlɨman ́ta ɔlámeyu ɨlMáásâ ̂ amitikí ɛɨtɨrrɨŋa tɛ nébō. The draught is making Maasai not rest in one place.

(lit: Draught is refusing the Maasai to rest calmly in one place.).

disturb sth. animate. Míkíntóki alɨmán alikí ɨlɔmɔ́n lɛ́máyíéú nániŋ Don't disturb (me) by telling me the news that I don't want to hear. See: a-ɨtanyamál ‘To cause problems to’; a-ŋʉyán ‘To disturb by shouting to’. 2 • To

3 • To

stir. alɨmán ɔsárgɛ́ To stir blood.

a-lɨmaná limô

v.mid. This

does not really refer to an inner feeling or emotion, but to a behavior.To be restless.

Nom sg: límó. [North] Acc sg: límô. n.sg. Grazing

of cattle in the

morning before they are milked. Étéréwá ɨnkáyīōk inkíshú límó. The boys have taken the cows for early morning grazing. See: línká ‘Early morning grazing’; pɛ́rpɛ̄r ‘Early morning grazing’; n-dɔ́ɔŕ ‘Early morning grazing’.

a-limú

[North]: a-lɨmʉ́,

a-limʉ́. In some suffixed forms: -limun. v. 1 • To tell, tell of, speak of; explain, report. Áíkerî ɛnâ áyíóní mmɛ pálāyū tɛnâ túmô amʉ̂ kélō alimú ɨmbáa. This boy is irresponsible and therefore cannot be included in this meeting because he will disclose things. (Pk). Míntóki dúóó aɛ́l ɛmbáɛ tólimú aké ánaa ɛnatiu. Stop avoiding telling the truth of the matter as it is; say exactly what it is. (Pk). Átólímuo. I have told it. Kátíkímua. I have told it. (SN).

See: a-likí ‘To

tell, explain’. 2 • To answer. See: a-wál ‘To answer’.

e-límúnotó n. Message. línká Nom sg: linká. Variant: línka. n.sg. The driving or herding of cattle

at dawn to eat the grass when it is still dewy, and then bring them back later for milking. Étéréwá ɔlpáyīān inkíshú línká. The man has taken the cows to graze before dawn. Taking cows before dawn (línká) to graze is believed to make cows produce plenty of milk. It is especially important for cows to get dewy grass when there are no pools of water for drinking. See: pɛ́rpɛr ‘Grazing around home’.

a-lioó lípis l ́pɔ́ŋ

be visible. Kélióo. It is visible. (S). Kétélíê. It became apparent. (S). 2 • To be apparent. v.mid. 1 • To

[North] Nom sg: lípîs. n.f. East

Coast fever; a highland cattle disease carried by ticks, prevalent since about 1973. See: oltikaná ‘Malaria; East Coast Fever’. Nom sg: lɨpɔ́ŋ. Acc pl: lɨpɔ́ŋa. Nom pl: l

capable of bearing.

ɛ-l ́pɔ́ŋ

a-lɨsá

́pɔŋa. adj. Full-grown female,

Nom sg: ɛ-lɨpɔ́ŋ. Acc pl: ɨ-lɨpɔ́ŋa. Nom pl: ɨ-l

́pɔŋa. [North] Acc pl: lipóŋo. [North] Nom pl: l ́poŋo. n.f. 1 • Full-grown female, capable of bearing. In S this may apply to either an animal or a person. 2 • [North] Woman; [South] Woman. Usage: derog. See: en-kitók; e-ŋóroyioni ‘Woman’. v.mid. 1 • To

be angry. 2 • To be strangled. See: a-goró ‘To be angry’.

a-l ́t v. To grow well, as of a plant. See: a-bʉlʉ́ ‘To grow’. a-liyíó v.mid. v.mid. To be lonely. Elíyio ɛlɛ́ tʉ́ŋání. This person is lonely. Kálíyio olêŋ. I am very lonely. (K)álíyio apá. I was lonely. Átólíyie. I became lonely. Kátílíyie. I became lonely. (SN). Kálíyíóyu. I will become lonely. Kálíyíói

tinílō. I will become lonely when you leave. (SN). ɔltʉŋáni olíyio person who is lonely. One would not (typically) use this verb if there were other people around. Aassociated emotions may include being scared, fearful, and insecure. 2 • v.mid. To be isolated. See: e-líyio ‘Lonliness’.

e-líyio1 Nom sg: e-líyîô. n.sg. 1 • Loneliness. Ɛnyányʉk elíyîô ɔ́ bátísho Loneliness is more or less like danger. (Pk). anyá líyio To feel lonely (lit: to eat lonliness) (S). 2 • [North]

Horizon; the furthest point that one can see that looks vibrating and cloudy. See: a-liyíó ‘To be lonely’.

e-líyio2

a-ló

n. Cricket,

which makes a lot of noise when it is quiet and solitary. Note: sl does not know the name for this insect, but immediately connects the sound of insects to the idea of lonliness and solitariness.

In some suffixed forms: a-lót. PF, SUBJN: shɔ́mɔ. PL: a-púó(n). PROG: -lóíto,

-lótíto. v.prog. 1 • To move to or toward a goal; move away from a point of reference: go, go to; (sg. subject). Áló ají. I will go to the house. Ɛɨtʉ́ éló Renóí sukúul tɛ nkárak ́ emueyíán. Renoi has not gone to school because of sickness. Néyookí, nélo aitisha kʉl ́kā ̄. Very early in the morning, ́ cɔɔ ɛnkayíóni éló he went to challenge the others. Ɛn aɨrrɨtá ilkuoóō tiáúluo Let the small boy go herd the lambs and kids outside the village compound. (Pk). Elóíto emótonyí tɛ kepér. The bird is flying in the sky. (Pk). Káji ílóíto? Where are you going? (W). Níloólo. You will go all over the place. (W). 2 • To walk to (sg. subject).

go for, go to get (sg. subject). Káygɨl aló nkárɛ́. I will go for water again. (S). 4 • Future time indicator in serial-verb construction (sg. subject). Káló ashʉlarɛ́ pak ́tɛ́ŋ láí. I am going to live with my 3 • To

friend. (Pk). Álótú anyá ɛná dáa tɛ náshukúnye. 'I will eat this food when I return. (W). Náa kéló alikí mɛ́nyɛ́. And he will go and tell his father. (W). See: shɔ́mɔ ‘Imperative/subjunctive and perfective root for a-lót 'to go'’; a-lotú ‘To come’; a-mán ‘To walk’; a-lilita ‘To walk’.

a-lotíé To go in a given manner. a-lɔ́1 Variant: a-lɔ́k. v.prog. To spread out to dry. Álɔ́ ́ta. I am spreading it out to dry. Aloyíé olgosôî. I will use the rope to dry it (ie. spread out the wet item over a rope). Eloyíé ɛnká ́ná. She

lɔ́2

will use her hand/arm to spread it out to dry (either hang the wet item over her arm, or use her hand to spread it out on sth. else). See: a-lúá ‘To be spread out to dry’; a-ɨsaláásh ‘To spread’.

[South]: lí. voc. Vocative

particle for masculine addressee. ́ tasʉ́pa lɔ́ mʉ́rrân! I greet you warriors! See: ná ‘Feminine Ɛn vocative’.

a-ló ɛnk-ɔ́shɔ́kɛ v. To have diarrohea (lit: the stomach goes). a-ló sáa [North] v.phrase. [North] To go scouting for land suitable for pasture or where food is to be found.

́ a-ló ti aí [West]: a-ló tɛ nkaí. v. 1 • To fly (lit: to go in the sky). Ɨŋʉrá siî íyíé ɛldɛ̂ mótonyî ólô ti aí. Look at that bird which is flying! (Pk).

act hurriedly or hastily. Ánāā íjó doí ti aí íló ánaa olmótonyî? Why are you acting hastily like a bird? See: aipirrí; a-itiamá ‘To fly’; a-ló ‘To go’. 2 • To

ɨ-lɔ́ ́kɔp

n.pl. Murder.

iŋók ɛɨsʉ́l inoó lɔ́ ́kɔp, iné mpúrrórre

sins especially of murder, of stealing (KS).

ɔ-lá ́kɔ́paní

Nom sg: ɔ-laɨkɔ́paní. Acc pl: ɨ-lɔ́

́kɔp. Nom pl: ɨ-lɔ́ ́kɔ̂p. n. 1 • Pure Maasai without any mixture from another tribe or people. Usage: pl. Some informants say that this word refers more particularly to the ɨl-oogólalá, a Maa section. 2 • Murder.

3 • Samburu

Loitá

people. 4 • Maa-speakers who are agriculturalists as well as cattleherders. According to Mol: "At some time in their past the Maaspeakers are said to have split into two very distinct groups. One group continued to pursue its mixed agro-pastoral economy in various degrees. The other group began to pursue a purely pastoral way of life and no longer wanted to indulge in tilling the earth in any form. Each group consisted of various il-oshôn 'sections' of the Maa-speakers. The first group was referred to as "Lokop," the second group as "Il-Maasai." It is also accepted that the Il-Maasai occupied the large rolling grasslands of the Rift Valley, whilst the Lokop lived in areas where due to fertile soil and an abundance of water, a mixed economy of agriculture and cattle management was possible. These areas were often on the fringes of the grasslands and often in proximity to the areas of agricultural sedentary peoples, Bantu or otherwise. Nom pl: Lóíta. n.prop. The

land of Ɨl-óítai people. The Loitá highlands, the homeland of the Loita Maasai, constitute the southern part of Narok District, Kenya. See: Ol-óítáí ‘Member of the the Loita Maasai; Loita Highlands’.

loitai a-lɔ́j

n.pl. Name

of a Maasai section.

v. 1 • To

See: ol-oshô ‘Section’.

create a corner on a house, road etc. 2 • To feed on s.o. else's food, making him/her go hungry.

a-lɔjá To bend. a-lɔ́k v. 1 • To meet s.o. 2 • To

intercept, interrupt (eg. when one is hurrying by). See: aɨtɔlɔ́k ‘To intersect’; a-ŋamú ‘To intercept’. 3 • To seduce. 4 • To bend, fold sth. 5 • To dam.

a-lúá a-luaá

v.mid. To

be spread out.

v.dir. To

be stretched out; horizontal.

ɛ-lɔkɛ́t Nom sg: ɛ-lɔ́kɛ̄t. Acc pl: ɨ-lɔkɛ́ta. Nom pl: ɨ-lɔ́kɛta. n. Sheep fold, pen. Áatarâ ɛlɔ́kɛ̄t ɛnkɛjʉ́. The sheepfold (gate?) hit my leg. (Pk). Ɛg ́ra intárɛ pɔ́ɔk ̄ ̄ áaɨrragaa tɛ lɔ́kɛt. All the goats and sheep are lying in the pen. (Pk).

lókie [North] lókûâ [North]

[North] Nom sg: lókîê. n. [North] dem. [North]

Herd of donkies.

Masculine distant plural demonstrative pronoun; those. See: lékûâ ‘Those’.

a-loló [North] v. [North] To go here and there. See: a-ló ‘To go’. a-lɔlɔ́ v. To be promiscous. See: ɛ-lɔ́lɔ́ ́tɔ ‘Promiscuity’. a-loloitó v. To commit adultery, fornicate, prostitute. See: a-ló ‘To go’.

e-lólóíto

adultery. See: enkiyopó ‘Sexual intercourse’; a-loloitó ‘To commit adultery, fornicate, prostitute’; manáíco [North] ‘Immorality’.

ɛ-lɔ́lɔ́ ́tɔ a-lɔlɔ́ŋ

Nom sg: e-lolóíto. n. Fornication,

Nom sg: ɛ-lɔlɔ́

v. 1 • To

́tɔ. n.sg. Promiscuity.

be loose, ill-fitting.

be less crowded. Kɛ́lɔlɔ́ŋ osókoni The market is less crowded. Ant: a-ɨdɨŋá ‘To be crowded’. 2 • To

a-itololóŋ 2 • To

a-lɔlɔŋá

v.cause. 1 • To

neglect.

v. To

... round’.

be round.

loosen, untie, unknot, undo.

See: a-manaá ‘To

ɔ-lɔlʉ́lʉ́ŋa

n.prop. For

a-lóm

be jealous of; be envious.

revolve’; a-purupurana ‘To

an account of the Ololulunga Massacre in 1918 see: Sanford, G.R., An Administrative and Political History of the Maasai Reserve, 1919, pp. 77-80 (Sanford writes the word 'Ol Alunga'); Elspeth Huxley, White Man's Country, Vol. II, pp. 3949.Ololulunga; place name north of Narok Town, Narok District, Kenya (lit: which-is-complete). See: a-lʉlʉŋá ‘To be round, whole, complete, without defect’. v. To

See: o-lôm ‘Jealousy’.

a-lomicó [North] [North] To be jealous. o-lôm Nom sg: o-lôm. n. Jealousy. ɔltʉŋáni ɔáta olôm a person who is jealous/has jealousy. Kilomé. Let nothing come to

harm. If one mentions the dead, they should spit and say "Kilomé", 'Let nothing come to harm.' (K). See: a-lóm ‘To be jealous of’; loibakúnōī ‘Envy, jealousy’.

lómóré [North] [North] Nom sg: lomoré. n. [North] Jealousy. a-lɔ́ny v. 1 • To parry, deflect, ward off. 2 • [South]

ɛ-lɔ́ŋɔ lɔɔ́

To give way. See: a-ɨrɨshaá ‘To parry’.

Nom sg: ɛ-lɔ́ŋɔ̂. Acc pl: ɨ-lóŋoi. Nom pl: i-lóŋoi. [North] Nom pl: lóŋôî. n.

Shield, formerly used by warriors.

psr.prt. Possessor

particle indicating plural possessor of a masculine item; of. See: ɔɔ́ ‘Possessor particle, of’.

ɔ-Lɔɔ́lkárîân

of a hill in Trans-Mara District, Kenya; Anglicized as Lolgorien (lit: it-of-red-ochre). See: ɔl-káríá ‘Red ochre’.

a-looló

v. 1 • To

2 • To

n.prop. Name

go around, go all over the place, wander.

loiter. 3 • To bend. 4 • To saunter. See: a-ɔlɔ́l ‘To bend, transform’.

O-loololo

of a hill on the Isiria Escarpment; sometimes this name is applied to the whole escarpment (lit: which-bends-round). 2 • Isiria Escarpment. See: a-looló ‘To go round, to bend, to saunter’.

o-lóómí

n.prop. 1 • Name

Nom sg: o-loomí. Acc pl: ɨ-lɔ́ɔm. Nom pl: ɨ-lɔ́ɔm ̂ . [North] Acc pl: form

above.. n. 1 • Ceiling rafter, made from long slender branches about the diameter of two fingers. Rafters are laid horizonally around ɛm-bókīshīī during the construction of houses, to make the initial roof. Where they overlap, they are tied together. Grass is then

put on to fill in the spaces, after which cow dung is spread to make the final roof. Éítélékínó ɨlɔ́ɔm shʉ́mátá óripie. The rafters are on top of the unfinished house. (Pk). 2 • Big stick. See: m-bókishíy ‘Vertical construction posts’; lŋápɛ́ ‘Supports’; e-ríshínâ ‘Roof sticks’; nk-opítō ‘String’.

ɔ-lɔɔ́nkukuuní

Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́ɔnkukuuní. Acc pl: ɨl-ɔɔ́nkukuuní. Nom

pl: ɨl-ɔ́ɔnkukuuní. n. Tale,

story; animal story (lit: of the animals). Syn: ɛnk-atiní ‘Tale; story’. See: ɨl-ɔmɔ́n ‘News’.

Loo-noŋót

n. Mt.

Longonot. According to Mol (1996:283), The anglicised name Longonot is due to metathesis of the nasal sounds by Joseph Thomson, who climbed the mountain in 1883. See: enóŋótó ‘Valley’.

ɔ-lɔɔ́ntaléŋo Nom sg: ɔ-lɔ́ɔntaléŋo. n. Middle finger. a-lɔ́p v.prog. 1 • To induce vomiting, esp. for treatment. Kálɔ́p ́ta. I

am causing him to vomit (by doing sth. directly to him, such as putting fingers in his mouth) (SN). Ká ́kʉ́n ́ta mɛtɔ́lɔpɨshɔ táatá. I am causing him to vomit (directly or indirectly). Káalɔ́p. He will help me vomit, etc. (S). 2 • To treat by giving a vomit-inducing liquid or drug.

a-lɔpá

v.mid. [North]

To vomit, esp. if induced by a herbal drug. See: a-rrʉgʉmá ‘To vomit’.

a-lɔpɨshɔ́ This typically includes drinking lots of a tea made from

herbs, then purging the stomach as a treatment for illness. This is supposed to be helpful in treating malaria.To vomit. See: agʉrrʉmá ‘To vomit’.

a-lɔpishoré To induce vomiting with. a-lɔ́p nkárɛ́ [North] v.prog. [North] To swim. Kálɔ́p ́ta nkárɛ́. See: a-ár

ɛnkárɛ́ ‘To swim’; a-ɨsɔmpɨrá ‘To swim’; a-sʉjarɛ́ ‘To swim’; a-pór ɛnkárɛ́ ‘To swim’.

lɔ́párɛ́ [North] See: a-lɔ́p ‘To

[North] Nom sg: lɔparɛ́. n. [North]

induce vomiting’.

Induced vomiting.

lɔpɛ́ny [North]

[North] Nom sg: lɔ́pɛny. [North] Acc pl: lɔɔ́pɛny. [North] Nom

pl: lɔ́ɔpɛ́ny. n. [North]

o-lópóní

Owner.

See: ɔl-ɔpɛ́ny ‘Owner’.

Nom sg: o-loponí. Acc pl: i-lópon. Nom pl: i-lópôn. n. 1 • Small

oval bead, maybe 2-3 millimeters long. 2 • Type of tree which has an inedible fruit; the fruit may be used for making necklaces; the tree may be planted around homes for shade. 3 • The fruit of the olópóní tree. See: ɔ-saêî ‘Bead’; ɛ-tʉ́ntáí ‘Oval bead’.

a-lotilotú v. To come along. See: a-lotú ‘To come’. a-lotoó v.sg. 1 • To go around with no real purpose. 2 • To

go to different places. See: a-ló ‘To go’; áa-puaya ‘To go aimlessly (plural)’.

e-lótótó Nom sg: e-lototó. Acc pl: i-lotót. Nom pl: i-lótot. n. Journey. Máapé elótótó (safari) enkóítóí, népúó aké, népúó aké, népúó aké,.... Let's go for a journey, path, they went, they went, they went.

e-lótótó oó nkɛjɛ́k Walking (lit: going of the legs). aɨtamók ɛnkɛrá ́ kɨt ́ elótótó ɔɔ́ nkɛjɛ́k to make the little child get used to walking (Pk).

e-lótótó e pɛ́shɔ Aimless going, wandering. e-lótótó ɛ dʉkʉ́ya Development (lit. going of ahead). e-lótótó ɛ́ nkɔshɔkɛ Diarrhoea (lit. going of the stomach). a-lotú

See: a-ló ‘To

go’.

PF: -ewúō. SUBJN SG: -óu,

-êû, -yêû. PL: áa-puonu. PF.PL: (y)etúó, -otuo. SUBJN PL: óotú. v.dir. 1 • To move to or toward a goal in the vicinity of the point of reference; come, come to (singular subject). Nélōtū orínkā lɔ́lārīnkōī apukú tɛnâ aɨ sɛ́dɛ̄r. Olarinkoi's club came out of the other cheek. Mílotúǃ Don't comeǃ (W). Óū enêǃ [wóū] Come hereǃ (W). Óotú ɛ́ntasotú ɨmálasin. Come and collect beer gourds.

2 • To

come from.

a-lotulotú

come along. See: a-ewúō ‘To have come (PF)’; a-ló ‘To go to’; a-iŋuaá ‘To come from’.

e-lótúnotó

arrival.

lóyíéê a-luá

Variant: a-lotilotú. To

Nom sg: e-lotúnotó. Acc pl: i-lotunot. n. [North]

See: a-lotú ‘To

come’.

n.pl. Usage: endearment. Big

boys.

Coming,

See: ɔl-ayíóni ‘Boy’.

To cough, be coughing. Kálūā. I am coughing. (S). Kátólue. I have coughed. (S). See: ɛn-k ́rrɔgɛt ‘Cough’. v.mid. [North]

a-lúá1

v.mid. 1 • To

a-lúá2 a-luaá

v.mid. To

be spread out.

spread sth. out. Kálūā nánká táatá. I will spread the cloth out to dry now. (SN). Kátúlua ŋolé nánká. I spread the cloth out yesterday to dry. (SN). See: a-lɔ́ ‘To spread out to dry’. 3 • [North] To hang. 4 • [North] To be low in the sky (of the sun). 5 • [North] To lie (as across a path). 2 • To

be bent.

See: a-lɔ́k ‘To

bend sth.’.

be stretched out. 2 • To be crosswise, horizontal. See: a-lɔ́k ‘To spread out’.

o-lúááí

v.dir. 1 • To

Nom sg: o-luaáí. Acc pl: i-lúaa. Nom pl: i-lúáâ. n. Tree

long thorns that produces round "fruits" with two long thorns extending from them. When young, the "fruits" are warm brown in color; but when old, the "fruits" turn black. The fruits are hollow inside and ants typically live

species with

inside them when they are old. Goats feed on the plant. Boys out herding may eat the whole "fruits".

a-luám

v. 1 • To

stalk, stalk and attack without warning, ambush. Kátɔ́lʉ́áma. I have ambushed it. (S). 2 • To arrive unexpectedly.

i-lúát Nom pl: i-luát. n.pl. Pair. Ééwá ilúát pokírā aré ɔɔ́nāmʉ̄kā He has taken both pair of shoes.

lúátá [North]

[North] Nom

sg: l-uatá. n. [North]

o-lúáti

n.sg. 1 • Warmth

2 • Basking.

a-luayá

Coughing.

of the sun.

v.dir. To

sneak out; escape without telling anyone. leliarí ‘To sneak out’.

Syn: a-

a-luaríé To run away from. e-lúbé Nom sg: e-lubé. [North] Nom sg: lúbên. n. White browed coucal bird.

a-lubó

Centropus superciliosus.

v.mid. 1 • To

be hungry, underfed (of cattle). 2 • [North] To be greedy (of people); [West] To be greedy for food (of people or animals). Elúbo Doris olêŋ. Doris was very gluttonous (ie. on one occasion). (W). Elúbo ɛná k ́tɛŋ olêŋ. This cow is very gluttonous. (W). Kólúbo. He is greedy. (SN). Kótulúbe aná kɛ́ráí This child has become greedy. (SN). Múlubói kɛnya akê! Don't ever be greedy! (SN). Kólubói. He/she will become greedy. (SN). See: a-ulú ‘To eat

heavily’; a-ɨsɛpɛ́ ‘To be greedy’; a-gút ‘To be deep, be gluttonous’.

lúbo [North] Nom sg: lúbô. n. [North] Greed, covetousness. Mara sʉ́pat lúbô. [màɾà sʊ́pat lúbô] Greed is not good. (SN). Kɛ́ ́bá NKaí lúbo. God hates greed. (SN). See: a-lubó ‘To be hungry’.

e-lubôî Nom sg: e-lúboi. n.sg. Gluttony; act of gluttony. Ɛáta Doris elubôî sápuk olêŋ. Doris is very gluttonous (as a characteristic trait). (W). Ɛáta ɛnkɛráí âî elubôî ánaakɛ́ tɛ́dɛkɛnyá amʉ̂ mɛ́ ́nɔs ɛndáa téípa. My child has a lot

of gluttony because she doesn't eat in the eveining. (W). Tɔrrɔ́nɔ́ elúboi olêŋ. Gluttony is very bad. (W). For kk (W), elubôî typically concerns food, and would not be used for greed or covetousness with reference to money, cattle, etc. See: libôî [North] ‘Gluttony’.

a-luboó

v. To

hold stomach in. This is normally temporary because one can only hold the stomach in for a short while and then it reexpands when released.

a-ludoyíé drop.by ? v.pf. To drop by. Népúónú ɨlpáyianí dúóó etií ɛtaá etuludóyie mɛnyɛ́. Men from the neighborhood will come after his father has passed away.

a-lúɛ́n Variant: a-lúán. v. To dam, block. a-lugusíán v. 1 • Tie or fasten into a knot. See: a-ɛ́n ‘To tie, knot’. 2 • Tangle

or complicate by twisting together; entwine into a confusing mass.

lúgut [North] lʉ́ká ́ [North]

[North] Nom sg: lugút,

lúgût. n. Owl.

[North] Nom sg: lʉká .́ [North] Acc pl: lʉ́ka. [North] Nom

pl: lʉ́kâ. n. [North]

Fruit of the l-parruâî tree; palmfruit.

Lúkúmáɨ n.prop. A clan's name. e-lúkunku Nom sg: e-lúkúnku. Acc pl: i-lukunkuní. Nom pl: ilúkunkuní. n. 1 • fowl.ACC.

2 • Fowl,

ɛ-lʉ́kʉ́nyá1

hen, chicken. Borrowed word: Kikuyu nɡũkũ 'chicken'.

Nom sg: ɛ-lʉkʉnyá. Acc pl: ɨ-lʉ́kʉ́ny. Nom pl: ɨ-lʉkʉ́ny. [North]

Etíī ɨlpap ́t ɛlʉ́kʉ́nyá ɔ́ ltʉŋáni. There is hair on the head of the person. ɔltʉŋáni oirówua ɛlʉkʉnyá Quick-tempered person (lit: person who is hot the head). ogól lʉkʉnyá one who is stubborn, hard-headed; Acc sg: lákʉ́nyá. n. 1 • Head.

aloof, insensitive.

locus of senses, reasoning and thinking. Máyíólo tɛ lʉkʉnyá. I can't remember. (lit: I don't know it by mind.). 2 • Brain; 3 • Tip.

ɨlʉkʉ́ny ɔ́ɔ irkimojík the tips of the fingers. Syn: ɛn-

dʉkʉ́ya ‘Head’; ɛn-aɨsʉ ́ ‘Head’; en-kúé ‘Head’. See: ɔlɛ́p ́r ́ny ́ny ‘Brain tissue’.

lʉ́kʉ́nyá2

ahead, in front. tɛ lʉkʉnyá before in front. ɔlayíóni lɛ́ lʉ́kʉ́nyá first-boy head-boy. See: ɛlʉ́kʉ́nyá ‘Head’.

a-lʉlʉŋá

Nom sg: lʉkʉnyá. n.r. Before,

v.mid. 1 • To

be round. 2 • To be spherical.

be whole, complete. aniŋú tɛ lʉlʉ́ŋata to understand wholly. Ɛ́ ́nɔ́sá ɛnkɛráí ɛmʉkátɛ́ nalʉlʉ́ŋa. The child has ́ ́lʉ́lʉ́ŋa ɛlʉkʉnyá? Have you lost eaten a whole bread. Ɛk your mind? (lit: Is your head whole?). 4 • To be without defect. See: ɛnk-alʉlʉ́ŋa ‘Bangle (for leg), barricade’; ɔl-ɔlʉlʉ́ŋa ‘The whole, barricade’; a-ɨd ́p ‘To finish’. 3 • To

a-lʉlʉŋá v. To be whole. lúmpáí [North] [North] Nom sg: lumpáí. [North] Acc pl: lúmpa. [North] Nom pl: lúmpâ. adj. [North]

Light blue.

a-lús v.prog. To go beyond. See: a-lusoó ‘To surpass’. a-itulús To put above all else; go beyond. e-lúsíé Nom sg: e-lusíé. Acc pl: i-lúsīēn. Nom pl: i-lusíén. [North] Acc sg: lúsé. n. 1 • Hole

in sth. that is vertical or firm/rigid.

See: e-údótó ‘Hole’.

2 • The

hole through which smoke escapes, generally in back wall of the house. 3 • Gap or passageway, eg. in a fence or old wall. See: a-ŋá ‘To gape’. 4 • Window. See: ɔl-ɔŋʉ́ ‘Window’.

e-lusíét a-lusoó a-lút

n. Window. See: e-naudotó; ɔl-ɔŋʉ́; ol-dirísha ‘Window’.

v. 1 • To

pass away, die ? 2 • To surpass.

go through, creep through. Íngutumayú peê ilutóo esekenkêî. Squat so that you can go through the fence. (W). 2 • To wind. 3 • [North] To remove sth. from underneath sth. else. v.prog. 1 • To

a-lutó v.mid. To be in a creeping position. a-lutoó v.dir. 1 • To pass under, duck under. 2 • [North]

To skirt, go around edge of. 3 • To take shelter. 4 • To implore. 5 • To ask forgiveness.

a-lutú a-lʉ́t

v.dir. To

duck under (eg. a branch); creep under towards the point of reference.

urinate. Kálʉ́t ́ta. I will urinate. See: a-ɨtá ́ ‘To remove sth.; pass urine or stool’; a-ɨsɨrɨs ́r ‘To urinate drop by drop’. v.prog. To

M-m m Letter representing the Maa voiced bilabial nasal sound /m/. m- [North] gen. [North] Variant of the feminine gender prefix nm-1

which occurs before bilabial sounds. See: ɛn- ‘Feminine singular gender prefix’; n- [North] ‘Feminine gender prefix’.

Variant: ém-; im-; mm-. neg. Negative

verb prefix. This imposes a Low tone on the beginning of the verb, evident on Class I verbs. (The Negative Low tone is overridden on Class II verbs by a High stem-initial tone.). Ɨmagóro. I will not be angry. Magóro. [Class I verb] I am not angry. (W). Máípírri. [Class II verb] I am not running. (W). Maáta enkérr, nɛ́mááta enkíné. [Class I verb] I have neither a sheep nor a goat. (W). Mɛáta ɔltʉŋáni óítīēū. There is no one who dares (to do sth.). olkúkúrí ɔs ́nya lɛ́mɛ́dánya a perfect calabash that is not broken. Émiyiolólo doí iyíóók? You do not know us? Manyɔ́rr ɛlɛ̂ á ́dɛ́t ́dɛ́tani. I don't like this dreamer. (W). aɨtamán ɨnkɨkʉ́ ɛnkáŋ peê mépúkú inkíshu to surround the kraal with thorny branches so the cows won't come out (Pk). Amʉ̂ mmiyíólo Because you do not know.

Meyíéú ɨlMaasá ́ ɔlayíóni lɛ́ mɛ̂ ɔlɛ̂ nkáŋ ɛ t ́pat nɛ́ākʉ̄ ɔlaigúɛ́nani. Maasai's do not want a son who is not m-2

of a popular home to be the age-set-leader. (KS).

mood. SUBJN.

1 • Subjunctive

mood verb prefix, used in the following grammatical contexts: a) • With first person plural in suggestions or commands. (The first plural subjunctive bound pronoun itself is High tone á-.). Mátɨpɨk intóyie sukúul. Let's put girls in school. Máítoríóí áaiko injí. Let's do it like this. Máapɛ́ aké

níkipuo áaduŋuduŋ ɨlkɨdɔŋɔ́. Let's just go and cut the tails into pieces. Máapeití! Let's go! [Said to many people.]. b) • Following a-jó when it has the sense of 'to try'. Néjî mátiak ́, "ámaâ kɛ́kʉlɛ́ naáropîl íyíéú anáa kɛ́kʉlɛ́ naá ́sʉkʉ̂t?" They tried to tell him, "Do you like fresh or unfresh milk?". Néjî mátaar nɛ́ ́s ̄k. They tried to kill him but he escaped. See: a-jó ‘To say, try’.

of causative verbs. Ká ́kʉ́n ́ta mɛtɔ́lɔpɨshɔ táatá. I am causing him to vomit (directly or indirectly). (SN). c) • Complements

clauses following the prefix ɔ- 'until'. Nɛ́manáa tɔɔ́ aŋitíé asotú ɨmálasin ɔmɛ́ ́dɨpá. He goes around the homes to collect (beer) gourds until he finishes. See: á-3 ‘Singular infinitive prefix, subjunctive mood’; ɛ́-2 ‘Imperative plural prefix’. d) • Adverbial

a-má v. To eat. See: a-nyá ‘To eat’. má [North] adv. [North] By. ɔl-Maâ n. Language of the ɨlMaasai, ɨlSampur, ɨlChamus and several other ethnic groups. Ɛg ́ra olmeekí aít tɛ nɛ́ ́rɔ Maâ. The maâ

Kikuyu is speaking with an accent when he speaks Maa. (Pk). v. It

is. Note: Where did the preceding statement come from? Is it from Leonard? See: áâ ‘Be’.

l-máaca [North] 1 • [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-mááca. [North] Acc pl: l-maacaní. n.

Man who dies as a bachelor beyond a marriageable

age. 2 • [North] Lone bull buffalo. Syn: ol-ósowuan ‘Buffalo’. See: árrɔ ‘With downward pointing horns’.

maadʉ́p [North]

n. [North]

[North] ‘Bustard’.

a-maa ́

[moras as amaay] v. 1 • To

Bustard.

See: n-kúbú

be docile, going along with what others say even to the point of foolishness, out of inability to

reason.

See: a-bɔ́r2 ‘To

be calm, quiet, humble’.

be sluggish. ɔltʉŋáni ɔmáá ̄ (i) A soft-spoken, docile person; (ii) A sluggish person. Ant: a-isosíón ‘To be fast, dilligent, efficent’. 2 • To

máákʉ́tɨt ́ adv. 1 • Slowly. Shɔ́mɔ (m)áákʉ́tɨt ́. Go slowly. Kɨlâk ɨsayíɛ́ta máákʉ́tɨt ́. We will pay the dowry in installments. (lit: We will pay the dowry slowly.) (W). In W, máákʉ́tɨt ́ may indicate doing sth. slowly with care (eg. so that sth. negative does not happen), while áákʉ́tɨt ́ just means 'slowly'. See: áá kʉ́tɨt ́ ‘Slowly (of plural or repeated actions)’; a k ́tɨ ‘Slowly, gently’; kɨt ́ ‘Small’. 2 • [South] Dowry installment. Dowries may be paid in installments to ensure that a relationship is prolonged.

ɛ-máál

Nom sg: ɛ-maál. Acc pl: ɨ-maalá. Nom pl: ɨ-máalá. n. Dewlap.

Etymology: Cf. Borana

ɛ-máalo

maala. See: ol-telélīāī; ɔl-gɔ́lgɔl ‘Dewlap’.

Nom sg: ɛ-máálo. [North] Acc sg: l-máálo. [North] Nom sg: l-máalo.

[North] Acc pl: l-maaloní. [North] Nom pl: l-máaloní. n. Greater Tragelaphus, Tragelaphus strepsiceros.

máapé

kudu.

v.imp. 1 • First

person plural imperative 'Let's go', covering strong to mild imperative. Ɛtiákā enkítok ɛnkɛ́ráí ɛnyɛ́: Máapé áŋ! The woman told her child: Let's go home! Máapé áaɨdɨp entúrórē ɛ́ nkɔ́p peê kípûô áŋ. [ɛ́ŋkɔ̄p̄ ] [kípúó ! āŋ] Let us go and nish up the cultivation so that we can go home. (Pk). Máapé aulúó áadɔlʉ inkíshú. Let us ́ áapé! go outside the kraal to see the cows coming. (Pk). Ɛm Let's go! (to more than one person). See: m-1 ‘Subjunctive prefix’. 2 • [North]

First person dual imperative of a-ló; Let's both go!

máapeití First person plural imperative of a-ló 'to go'; Let's all go!

máapetín [North] [North] Let's all go! See: a-ló ‘To go’; shɔ́mɔ ‘Go!’.

ɨl-Máásâ ̂

Variant: ɨl-máásā .̄ Nom pl: ɨl-Maasá .́ n.pl. 1 • Two

or more Maasai individuals; may include both men and women. Ɛkáyíólo ɛnkʉ́tʉ́k ɔɔ́ lMáásâ ̂. I know (can speak) the language of the Maasai. (Pk). Eewá ɔltíkáná inkíshú kúmok ɔɔ́ lMáásâ ̂. East Coast Fever has killed so many ́ ĺ â apá ɨlMaasá ́ ilorérēn cows of the Maasai. (Pk). Ɛɛ ɔɔ́tɨmɨrâ The Maasai assimilated the people they defeated in war. 2 • [North] Type of disease that is treatable locally. See: ɔlMáásaní ‘Maasai person; traditional name for a member of the Maasai nation’.

Máásâ ̂ Mára

n.prop. Name

(lit: spotted park).

ɔl-máásaní

of a National Park in the south of Kenya

Nom sg: ɔl-maásaní. Acc pl: ɨl-máásâ .̂ Variant: ɨl-máásā .̄ Nom

pl: ɨl-maasá .́ n. 1 • Maasai

person. Usage: singular. 2 • Maasai, traditional name of a member of the Maasai nation (either male or female if gender is not known); a Maasai man. Usage: plural.

ɛ-máásaní A Maasai woman. l-máásháí [North] Nom sg: l-maasháí. Acc pl: l-maashaní. Nom pl: lmáashaní. n. [North] Vagabond, vagrant. See: ɔlcánkílí ‘Wanderer’; ol-kíríkóí; ol-wúshúwúshí ‘Vagabond’; lóyíópó [North] ‘Vagabond’.

ɔl-máatî

Nom sg: ɔl-máatî. Acc pl: ɨl-máāt. Nom pl: ɨl-maát???. n.

1 • Locust.

2 • Grasshopper.

Ɛg ́ra ɔlmáatî aitíám. The grasshopper is

hopping. (Pk). 3 • [North] Crowd of people.

ɛ-máatî "Hopper". Syn: ɛn-targéetî ‘Grasshopper’. máātɛ̄ pn. By selves. Mayíólo ajó káji ɛmánya máātɛ̄. I do not know where they themselves stay. (C). á ́ kɔ́p n ́kɨnyaakɨtâ

iyioók áara máātɛ̄ tiátua another land that we fought over among ourselves (C). See: átɛ́ ‘Self’.

e-mabáti

Nom sg: e-mábáti. Acc pl: i-mabatiní. Nom pl: i-mábatiní. n.

of metal. Ɛbɛbɛ́k ɛná mábáti. This iron (roofing) sheet is light. (W). 2 • Metal cooking pot. See: e-motí ‘Metal cooking pot’. 1 • Sheet

a-mád v. To make a fool. See: a-madá ‘To be insane; foolish’. a-madá v.mid. To be insane, stupid, foolish. Ɛg ́ra ɔltʉ́ŋání ɔ́mádá abatát enkitók. The insane person is raping a woman. (Pk). Ɛg ́ra ɔltʉ́ŋání ɔ́mádá abuaayá. The mad man is shouting loudly. (Pk). Kɛ́máda kʉlɔ́ tʉŋaná. These people are stupid. Ɛt́ ámádɛ. He has become insane. (S). See: amɔdá ‘To be foolish, stupid’.

a-madakɨnɔ́ [North] [North] To be smitten with; become inseparable because of fondness for s.o. or sth.

l-mádá ́ [North]2

[North] Acc pl: l-máda. [North] Nom pl: l-mádâ. n.

[North] Fool, crazy person, idiot.

mádâ ̂ [North]1

See: a-madá ‘To

Folly, stupidity, ignorance, insanity. See: a-madá ‘To be insane, stupid, foolish’.

mág ́láni

[North] Nom sg: mádaɨ. n. [North]

be insane’.

Nom sg: magɨlaní. Acc pl: magɨlák. Nom pl: mágɨlák. [West] Acc

sg: mag

́lani. [North] Nom sg: magɨláni. [North] Acc pl: mág ́lak. [North] Nom pl: magɨlák. adj. 1 • Almighty, victorious, dominant, able. In W, the major sense of this word is 'almighty', and is best applied to God or perhaps a very powerful oloiboni. It cannot really be applied to normal humans, nor to warriors. 2 • [North] Clever. 3 • [North] Brave and tactful in war. See: a-p ́ ‘To be brave’. 4 • [North] Expert (of people at a craft). 5 • [North] Vicious (of animals or insects).

a-magɨlanú [North]

v.incep. [North]

To become able, expert, etc.

See: magɨláni ‘Mighty,

l-mág ́rɔ́ [North] [North] Eagle.

dominant, able’.

[North] Nom sg: l-magɨrɔ́. [North] Acc pl: l-matɨrɔ̂n. n.

l-ma ́m [North] [North] Nom sg: l-máɨm. n. [North] Tree sp. Commiphora. má ́má Nom sg: maɨmá. Acc pl: má ́mân. Nom pl: maɨmán. adj. Crippled. ɔl-má ́má n. 1 • Cripple. 2 • Monitor

lizard. varanus niloticus.

l-máímó [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-maimó. [North] Acc pl: l-maimôn. n.

[North] Monitor lizard.

See: ɔl-má

́má ‘Monitor lizard’.

ɨl-má ̄n n.pl. Type of bees. See: ol-otóroi ‘Bees’. máír [North] n. [North] Weaver bird. ɛ-má ́r ́náí Nom sg: ɛ-maɨrɨnáí. Acc pl: ɨ-maɨrɨnaní. Nom pl: ɨ-má ́rɨnaní. n. Traditional

beaded bracelet, about 2 cm wide. k ́r ́nâ ‘Bracelet’; márnâ ̂ [North] ‘Bracelet’; aɨr ́n ‘To twist’.

ɔl-má ́rɔ́

See: ɛ́n-

Nom sg: ɔl-maɨrɔ́.

Acc pl: ɨl-má

́rɔ̂n. Variant: ɨl-mairoshin. Nom pl: ɨl-maɨrɔ́n. [North] Acc sg: l-máíró. [North] Nom sg: l-mairó. n. 1 • Medicine, in general; remedy. This can be anything to make s.o. feel better, including for example a cup of tea. 2 • [North] Meat broth and herbs administred with a blessing for healing; medicine. See: ɔl-caní ‘Medicine’; en-dásím [South] ‘Medicine’.

má ́rr [North]

́rr. [North] Acc pl: máírrí. [North] Nom pl: mairrî. n. [North] Weaver bird (sp.).

ol-máírroto

[North] Nom sg: ma

Nom sg: ol-máíroto. Acc pl: il-mairrót. Nom pl: il-mairrót. n.

Rounded bend of the house, which extends into the enkokórde. The ol-máírroto end of the house would be thought of

as the "front". The opposite end is il-tulí 'backs'. These are the narrow portions of enk-ají, as opposed to the broader sides. See: encúkótó ‘Corner’.

ɔl-maisurí

Nom sg: ɔl-máísurí. Acc pl: ɨl-maisurîn. Nom pl: ɨl-máísurîn.

[Chamus] Acc sg: masurí. n. Banana. See: ɔ́l-máríkô ‘Banana’; ndísi

[North] ‘Banana’.

ɛ-má ́táí

Nom sg: ɛ-maɨtaí. Acc pl: ɨ-má

́ta. Nom pl: ɨ-má ́tâ. [North] Acc sg: máítáí. [North] Nom sg: maitáí. [North] Acc pl: má ́ta. [North] Nom pl: má ́tâ. n. Braided leather bell collar for livestock.

makaát [North]

[North] Nom sg: mákaát. [North] Acc pl: makaatí. [North]

Nom pl: mákaatí. n. [North]

L-mákálélít [North]

Soda ash.

See: píríás

[North] ‘Soda ash’.

[North] Nom pl: L-makalelít. n.prop. [North]

in the Lorokichu phratry.

Clan

mákár [North] [North] To pretend. See: a-isunkúr ‘To pretend’. ɛ-makát Nom sg: ɛ-mákat. Acc pl: ɨ-makatí. Nom pl: ɨ-mákatí. Variant: makaát. n. 1 • Trona;

natron. Sodium bicarbonate, Sodium carbonate. This salt is obtained from Lake Magadi (< ɛnkarɛ ɛ makaát). 2 • [West] Salt; [South] Salt. Sodium chloride. Syn: ɛ-mʉnyán, ɛnaɨsʉ́kʉt ‘Salt’. See: ɛn-abɛl ;́ en-cúmpi; shímpi ‘Salt’; Magadi ‘Lake Magadi’; em-bolíêî ‘Salt lick’.

ɔl-makáʉ

Hippo.

Nom sg: ɔl-mákaʉ. Acc pl: ɨl-makaûn. Nom pl: ɨl-mákaûn. n. See: ɔl-tʉrʉ́ka ‘Hippo’.

mákɛwan [North] Acc sg: mákoon. By oneself. Makindu n.prop. Place name in Kajiado District, Kenya. mákoon [North] [North] By oneself. See: mákɛwan ‘By oneself’. makórrukór [North] [North] Nom sg: mákorrukór. n. [North] A kind of leaf which is edible uncooked.

a-makúá

[North]: a-mokúá. v. To

be odd, awkward, strange, unexpected, improper, non-traditional. Often, though not always, used in connection with clothing.

makúárr [North]

[North] Nom pl: mákuarr. n.pl. [North]

waste, crust on a pot.

l-makúí [North] 2 • [North]

[North] Nom pl: l-mákui. n.pl. 1 • [North]

Antiquity. See: akúí ‘Ancestor’.

l-mákútíkúti [North]

Trash, Ancestors.

Type of tree used as a herb to treat stomach upsets and also for fertility. It is believed this is useful for treating very serious illnesses.

ɛ-mála

n. [North]

Nom sg: ɛ-málâ. Acc pl: ɨ-málasin. Nom pl: ɨ-málásin. n. 1 • The

largest of all calabashes, used for fermenting beer or storing ́ tasotú milk (eg. for warriors at a meat-eating camp). Ɛn

ɨmálasin amʉ̂ ɛ́táá kɛ́ ́ŋʉrákɨnɨ ɛnapá kɛ́ráí inyî ɨntaléŋo. Collect beer gourds because it is about time for

your child to go through initiation. See: l-kútúmpê [North] ‘Big gourd for brewing beer’; ol-mosorî2 ‘Calabash for brewing beer’; ɛn-dʉ́kʉ́ny ‘Calabash for drinking beer’. 2 • Large calabash used for fermenting milk. 3 • Short circular gourd for brewing beer. 4 • [North] Milk container (of any sort).

5 • [North]

"Calabash" (generic term, including but not limited to containers made from gourds). In at least some parts of Samburu territory, mála are carved from wood, in the shape of a gourd. See: n-kɨrráú [North] ‘Gourd’; ɔl-bɔlbɔ́li; enkúkúrí ‘Calabash, gourd’.

l-mála [North] [North] Very large milk container, with an onion-shaped cap.

a-malaá v.dir. To be round and open. ɔl-mala ́ka Nom sg: ɨl-mála ́ka. Acc pl: ɨl-mala ́ka. Nom pl: ɨl-málaɨká. [North] Nom sg: l-málaɨka. [North] Acc pl: l-malaɨkaní. [North] Nom pl: l-

málaɨkaní. n. Usage: eccl. Angel.

malálua [North]

Etymology: < Swahili

[North] Nom sg: malálua,

malaika.

Málalua. [North] Acc pl: malaluaní. [North] Nom pl: málaluaní. n. 1 • [North] Salty water. 2 • [North] Small lake near Kisima.

L-malatánya [North]

[North] Acc pl: L-málatány. n.prop. [North]

Ancient age-set predating the L-meicópo.

máldáány [North]

Nom sg: maldaány. n. [North]

máldányá [North]

[North] Nom sg: maldanyá. [North] Acc pl: máldany.

Waste of a new born lamb or kid, usually yellowish in color. Syn: e-sonkík ‘Waste of a young calf, lamb or kid’. See: máldányá ‘Meconium’; e-modíêî ‘Dung’. [North] Nom pl: máldâny. n. [North]

Meconium. See: máldáány [North] ‘Early excrement of lamb or kid’; e-sonkík ‘Early excrement of lamb or kid’.

máléés

Nom sg: maleés. adj. Extremely

an extremely humble person.

ɔl-malenké

humble. ɔltʉŋáni máléés

Nom sg: ɔl-málenké. Acc pl: il-malenkên. Nom pl: il-

málenkên. n. Squash.

malɨmálīcō [North] [North] Nom

sg: malɨmálīcō. n.sg.

[North] Tardiness. See: a-ɨmalɨmál ‘To fool about’.

ɔl-málímúí

Nom sg: ɔl-

malimuí. Acc pl: ɨlmalimuní. Nom pl: ɨlmalímuní. n. Teacher.

Ɛɨbʉ́ŋá olmalimúí ɛnkɛ́rá ́ épúrrítô ɛntɛ́mátá. [

èpùrrìtò with low fallinɡ or stress on nal mora] The teacher has caught a child cheating in the exam. (W). Borrowed word: Swahili. Syn: ɔl-á ́tɛ́ŋɛ́nani ‘Teacher’.

málmal [North] tree.

malmáli

[North] Nom sg: málmâl. n. [North]

A sweet smelling

Nom sg: málmali. Acc pl: malmálīn. Nom pl: málmalín. adj.

1 • Provocative

(of fights; as a general characteristic of a person). Kárá malmáli. I provoke fights. Á ́malmáli. He provokes fights. (Pk).

2 • Negligent

(eg. a boy who neglects the animals he is supposed to herd and goes off to look for bees, etc.); wayward. Ɛ́ ́malmálī. He is wayward.

ɔl-malmáli

n. [Purko] Acc sg: ɔl-mármali. Wayward

ɨmalɨmál ‘To fool around’.

ɛ-málmálisho

Variant: ɛ-mármálisho. n. 1 • The

person.

See: a-

characteristic of

́ provoking fights. Ɨwa ɛmálmálisho inó tené amʉ̂ mmeyíéúní ɛnára. Take away your provocativeness because fighting is not wanted. 2 • The characteristic of fooling around, goofing off. 3 • Carelessness. See: a-ɨmalɨmál ‘To fool around’.

mámpá ́

[North] Nom sg: mampá .́ [North] Acc pl: mámpa. [North] Nom

pl: mámpâ. n. 1 • Young

woman, young lady. 2 • [North] Young married woman.

ɔl-mampúli

Nom sg: ɔl-mámpuli. Acc pl: ɨl-mampuliní. Nom pl: ɨl-

mámpuliní. n. Umbrella. cover’.

l-mampúrr [North]

Borrowed word: Swahili. See: ɛn-cʉrɛ́t ‘Rain

[North] Nom sg: l-mámpurr. [North] Acc pl: l-

mampurrî. [North] Nom pl: l-mampurrî. n. [North] Short-necked skink. Mabuya brevicollis.

mámʉ́rra

l-mámʉ́rrá. [North] Nom sg: l-mamʉrrá. [North] Acc pl: l-mamʉrrací. n. Secretary bird. Sagittarius serpentarius. See: lɛ́ mbáɛ (nabô) ‘Secretary bird’; lmómúnjú [North] ‘Secretary bird’.

a-mán

Nom sg: mámʉ́rra. [North] Acc sg: l-mamʉrrâ,

go around, surround sth. Ámán ́ta olórika. I am going around (circling) the chair. See: a-ló ‘To walk’; alilitá ‘To walk’. v.prog. v.prog. To

encircle. Ɛman ́ta ɔlpáashie ɛnkáŋ The fence surrounds the home. 2 • v.prog. To

a-manaá

2 • To

v.dir. 1 • To

go around, following the perimeter.

go around from one place to another. Nɛ́manáa

dúóó ɔlmʉrran ́ aiguɛná tɔ lcáni. The warrior went

around (the place where the warriors are seated) advising under the tree. Nélōtū ɔlpáyian nɛ́manáa tɔɔ́ aŋitíé asotú ɨmálasin. The man comes and goes around homesteads collecting beer gourds. 3 • To evolve. 4 • To spread around.

a-manɨk ́

surround onto or for. 2 • To make a tour to see sth. or s.o.

a-manaá

v.dat. 1 • To

revolve. Etúa ɛsáa amʉ̂ mɛg ́ra amanaá. The clock is dead (ie. doesn't work) because it (ie. it's hands) doesn't revolve. 2 • To go to the other side of the home, i.e from one house to another within the same homestead. v. 1 • To

go around from one place to another. Ɛg ́ra amanaá aiŋorú inkíshú na ́mɨnâ. He is going around looking for cows that are lost. 4 • To spread around. 3 • To

dawn. Ɛmanáa ɛnányokie. It is dawning. (lit: The red one is going around.). Ɛmanáa e sírûâ. It is dawning. (lit: The light gray-white is going around.). 5 • To

a-ɨtamanaá

1 • To

turn, rotate sth. Á ́tamanaá esíote. I am

turning the lid. 2 • To encircle, enclose. 3 • [North] To take a guest to a neighbour to host.

manɨrá Round. See: laman kʉ́tʉ́k ‘Moustache’; a-ɨbɛlɛkɛ́ny ‘To turn’; a-pʉrʉpʉraná; a-lɔlɔŋá ‘To be round’.

manáíco [North]

[North] Nom sg: manáíco. n. [North]

See: e-lólóíto ‘Adultery’; a-mán ‘To Antipassive form of

a-manáŋ

v. 1 • To

Immorality.

go around’. Etymology:

a-mán 'to go around'..

From

drink down all at once; chug down. Támanaŋa!

Drink it down! (eg. as when you are very thirsty). 2 • To be serious.

mánaŋ [North] [North] Nom sg: mánâŋ. n. [North] Colostrum. l-mancéri [North] Variant: l-máncéri. [North] Nom sg: l-mancerí. [North] Acc pl: l-máncɛ́r. n. [North]

l-mancɛ́ʉ́ [North]

Tick.

[North] Nom sg: l-máncɛʉ. [North] Acc pl: l-

mancewîn, l-manceûn. [North] Nom pl: l-máncewîn, l-mánceûn. n. [North] Tuft of unshaven hair left on a boy's head ready for circumcision. See: ɔl-páp ́tá ‘Hair’.

ɔl-manɛ́t

[North] Nom sg: l-mánɛt. [North] Acc pl: l-manɛ́ta. n. 1 • Charm

hung around one's person or an object. 2 • [North] Stick about 50 cm. or longer given by the loibóni to his clan for protection. See: a-mán ‘To surround, go around’.

ol-manga ɔl-máníé

n. Cassava. See: ol-m(w)óogo ‘Cassava’.

[North] Acc sg: l-mán

1 • Surroundings.

́ɛ́. [North] Nom sg: l-man ́ɛ́. n.

2 • [North]

Perimeter; of a dam, river, mountains (ie. foot of mountains). Kɛ́shám naá oltulélēī atʉbʉ́lʉ tiátua naâ dúóó ɔlmáníé. Oltulelei loves to grow on the banks (of the rivers). (C).

a-manɨk ́

v. 1 • To

see sth. immediately; glimpse; glance. 2 • To vist s.o. on the other side of the homestead.

a-man ́r [North]

To twist sth. (eg. rope, clothes, paper). See: a-mɔn ́r ‘To twist sth.’.

ɔl-mánkáí

v. [North]

[máŋkáy] Nom sg: ol-mankáí. [màŋkáy] Acc pl: ɨl-mánkai. [[máŋkai] -

- two morae in final syllable] Nom pl: ɨl-mánkái. [[máŋkái] -- two morae in nal syllable] n. Short

mánkálioní

round spherical bead.

Nom sg: mankálioní

See: ɔ-saêî ‘Bead’.

?. Acc pl: mánkáliok. Nom pl: mankalíok ?. adj. 1 • Shiftless. 2 • Foolish about property.

mankálīcō [North] [North] Nom sg: mankálīcō. n. [North] Laziness. ɨ-mánkek Nom sg: ɛ-mankekí. Sg: ɛ-mánkékí. Nom pl: ɨ-mankék. n. Maasai bride's dress.

e-mánkékí n. Necklace. Míncop ɛnâ mánkékí amʉ̂ ɛtadányatɛ intúntaí. Don't wear that necklace because the oval beads (used to finish the edge) are broken. (Pk).

ɛ-mánóó

Nom sg: ɛ-manoó. Acc pl: ɨ-mánók. Nom pl: ɨ-manók. [North] Acc

sg: ɛ-mánɔ́ɔ.́ [North] Nom sg: ɛ-manɔɔ́. [North] Acc pl: ɨ-mánɔ́k. [North] Nom pl: ɨ-manɔ́k. n. 1 • Condensed

sap. 2 • [North] Gum of the ldérkésí (Acacia senegal), ítí (Acacia mellifera) etc. trees, used for chewing.

a-mantó v. To tinker about. a-mány v. To go to live, settle in a place. a-ɨtamány v.cause. To make s.o. live somewhere. a-manyá v.mid. To be settled, live, dwell in a place; be a resident of a place. Ámánya Laikípia. I live in Laikipia. (W). Ɛmánya mɛnyɛ́ Naɨrɔ́bɨ. His/her father lives in Nairobi. (W).

a-manyaá

v.dir. 1 • To

shift, move from place to place. 2 • [North] To suffer for a long time from sickness.

a-manyɨshɔ́ To live. Bási nɛ́manyɨshɔ́ nɛ́ákʉ̄ intóiwúó. Then they will live together and become parents. (W). See: ɛmany ́shɔ ‘Dwelling’.

ɔl-manyaálishôî

Nom sg: ɔl-mányaálishôî. Acc pl: ɨl-manyaálishó.

Nom pl: ɨl-mányaálishó. n. Upper

or lower back jaw with the molars and premolars; the portion of the jaw that crushes food (lit: the chewing part). See: a-nyaál ‘To chew’; ɔl-tag ́lɨg ́lɨ ‘Jaw’.

ɔl-manyára

[North] Acc pl: l-mányari. n. 1 • Inhabitants

settlement. See: a-mány ‘To dwell’. 2 • [North] Small settlement.

of one

3 • Possessions

ɛ-mányátá

of a person.

?. n. 1 • Ceremonial home, intended to keep men of the same age set together, who serve as a military force. This camp may contain 20 to 40 houses, as well as a large ceremonial home. An ɛmányátá is made on three occasions during the life of an age set. The first ɛmányátá is made when a group of boys is about to be circumcised. The boys move here, and request permission from their fathers to take their mothers along, who will build an ɛnkají. (The husbands of the women may not always want their wives to relocate to the camp, especially as some of the women may be closer in age to some of the soon-to-be-warriors and their former lovers.) The boys stay at the ɛmányátá for at least several months until the ɛmányátá é mowuo ɔ́ lkɨtɛŋ ceremony is completed and they become ɨlmʉ́rran, or warriors. For some groups, the ɨlmʉ́rran may stay in the ɛ-mányátā for up to ten years prior to the e-únótó ceremony, when they become elders. For others, the ɨlmʉ́rran relocate to an ɛmányátá, again with certain of their mothers, for the eúnótó ceremony. After the eúnótó ceremony there are two minor ceremonies, shaving of the head, and aók kʉlɛ́ 'to drink milk'. At that point the men are ɨlkaɨr ́sh, and are free to marry as adults. At marriage, men become ɔlpayíán (thus, the ɨlkaɨr ́sh stage is very short). Third, the ɨlpayianí relocate to an ɛmányátá for the ɔlŋɛshɛ́r ceremony, when they become senior elders. 2 • Village, settlement. 3 • Potential or former place or area in which to live. See: amán ‘To surround’; a-mány ‘To dwell’; ɛ-many ́shɔ ‘Dwelling’; (ɛnk-)áŋ ‘Kraal’; l-oróra [North] ‘Village’. Syn: l-oróra [North] ‘Warrior village’.

ɛ-many ́shɔ

Nom sg: ɛ-manyatá. Acc pl: ɨ-manyát. Nom pl: ɨ-mányát

Nom sg: ɛ-mányɨshɔ. n. Settlement. See: a-mány ‘To

a-mán ‘To surround’.

manyícō [North]

settlement-area.

[North] Nom sg: mányicó. n. Homesite,

dwell’;

homestead,

ɨ-mány ́t n.pl. Intestines. See: ɛnk-ɔ́shɔkɛ ‘Stomach, intestines’. mány ́tá [North] [North] Nom sg: manyɨtá. [North] Acc pl: mány ̂t. [North] Nom pl: many ́t. n. [North]

l-máŋántitá [North]

Small intestine.

[North] Nom sg: l-maŋántitá. [North] Acc pl: l-

maŋáti. [North] Nom pl: l-máŋati. n. [North] Enemy. máŋátintá ‘Enemy’.

ɔl-máŋátintá

See: ɔl-

Nom sg: ɔl-maŋátintá. Acc pl: ɨl-maŋátī. Nom pl: ɨl-

máŋatintá. n. Enemy, foe. Ɛshɔmɔ́ ɨlmʉ́rrân áasotu ɨmbáa te wúéjî nɛ́taararɛ̂ ɔ́ lmaŋátī ŋolé. The warriors have gone to collect arrows from where they fought with the enemies yesterday. (W). See: ɔl-ŋámátintá ‘Enemy’; l-máŋántitá [North] ‘Enemy’.

Il-máo

n.prop. This

place is also known as Noolmao.Name of two hills in the Kiboko Ranch, Kajiado District (lit: twins). See: ɔlmáóí ‘One of a twin’.

ɔl-máóí

Nom sg: ɔl-maoí. Acc pl: ɨl-máo. Nom pl: ɨl-máô. [North] Nom sg: l-

maóí. n. 1 • One of a twin (human or animal). Usage: sg. 2 • Twins. Usage: plural. In S, this may include multiple births of sheep beyond just two. Óre eishôi e uní néíú ɨlmáɔ̄ náā ɨlayíôk. In the third birth she bore twins who were boys. 3 • Close friend. 4 • [North] A set of two identical light spears, used only by warriors. Usage: plural.

Trans-Mara7 n.prop. Name of a District in Kenya. ɔl-mára [Purko] Acc sg: ɔr-mára. n. 1 • Cheetah. Usage: rare. 2 • Leopard. 3 • The

spotted one. See: mára ‘Patchy’.

e-mára Giraffe. See: olkerî ‘Leopard’.

mára1

Nom sg: márâ. Acc pl: máraí.

Nom pl: máráî. adj. 1 • Dotted,

spotted, patchy, checkered, involving at least the color red, black, or brown, and with spots at least those the size belonging to a cheetah. The design has a camouflaging effect. Olmeút mára dúóó kítoduâ. It is a spotted giraffe we saw. Éímara ŋolé olashé ótoiwuokí. The calf that was given birth yesterday is spotted. (Pk). 2 • Mixture of any types of colors. In W, this could be applied to a striped blue and white shirt, a red napkin with blue flowers, a basket with straw and dark brown pattern woven in, etc. See: ɔlmára ‘Cheetah’.

e-mára4

Acc pl: i-marai. n. Giraffe camelopardalis.

l-mára [North]

(lit: patchy-one).

giraffidae, giraffa

Giraffe (nickname because of its spots). See: ɔl-carkúk; ɔl-mɛʉ́t ‘Giraffe’.

márâ [North] 2 • [North]

Mara ɛnkárɛ́5

[North] Nom sg: l-márâ. [North]

adv. 1 • [North]

No, not.

Except. Etymology: 1SG negative of a-rá 'to be'.

of a river. See: ɛnk-árɛ́ Mara ‘Name of a river between Isiolo and Archer's Post, Kenya’; ɛnk-árɛ́ dápásh ‘Maasai name for the Mara River, Narok District, Kenya’.

il-marágwɛ

Variant: Marankárɛ́. n.prop. Name

Nom pl: il-máragwɛ

(?). [Chamus] Acc sg: máráágwáí. n. Beans. Borrowed word: Swahili maharagwe 'beans'. See: empóóshóí ‘Beans’; e-sikɔ́rīɔ̄ [South] ‘Beans’.

máráí [North]

[North] Nom sg: maráí. [North] Acc pl: mára. [North] Nom

pl: márâ. n. [North]

humans.

Fungal infection of the skin afflicting

l-máráí [North] [North] Type of sickness where spots appear all over the body.

l-márâ ̂ [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-mara .́ [North] Acc pl: l-marâ

̂n. [North] Nom pl: l-máraɨn. n. [North] Rib, side. See: ɔl-arási ‘Rib’; l-babák; ntɔ́ɔp ́ [North] ‘Rib’.

L-marakorí [North]

[North] Acc pl: L-marakóri. [North] Nom pl: L-

márakóri. n.prop. [North] A Kalenjin tribe.

e-maralʉ́kʉ́nyá

n. Common pycnonotus barbatus.

l-márámbá [North] hoopoe.

márámpá [North]

bulbul bird (lit: spotted-head).

Nom sg: l-marambá. n. [North]

Crested

[North] Nom sg: marampá. [North] Acc

pl: márámpân. [North] Nom pl: márampán. n. 1 • [North]

bird. 2 • [North] Mongoose.

márároi [North]

[North] Nom sg: marároi. [North] Acc pl: máráro. [North]

Nom pl: mararó. n. [North]

[North] ‘Ear’.

ɔl-máréí

Small yellow

Ear.

See: en-kíook ‘Ear’; n-k

́yɔk

Nom sg: ɔl-mareí. Acc pl: ɨl-máreí. Nom pl: ɨl-máreí. Variant: ɨl-

máréíta; ɨl-mareitá. [North] Acc sg: l-márɛ̂ .̂ [North] Nom sg: l-marɛ́ .́ [North] Acc pl: l-márɛ́ ́ta. [North] Nom pl: l-marɛɨtá. n. 1 • Family.

Entómónísho doí námitikí kʉl ́ká ́ máréíta ɛ́pâl inkíshú mɛ́m ́ra. It is because of the many children that

some families cannot avoid selling cows. (lit: It is having many children that prevents other families from stopping to sell cows.) (Pk). Ɛg ́ra eŋtásât aɨtɔb ́r ɛndáa ɔlmárêî. The woman is preparing food for the family. (Pk). 2 • [North] Phratry (loosely, clan, section). There are eight Samburu phratries (Spencer 1973:72, 120). The hierarchy of the segmentary descent system is roughly: ethnic group (Lɔ́kɔp), moiety (nk ́tɛ́ŋ nárɔ́k, nk ́tɛ́ŋ ná ́bɔ̄rr), phratry (lmárêî; eg. Lmásʉla), clan (nt ́pat, eg. Lmɔsɨaát), lineage (ntalóci), house (nkají), gate

(lt ̂m) (Wagner n.d., p. 202).

company (of s.o.). ɔlmárêî lɛ Jois the company of Jois. 3 • Association,

ɔl-marenké

Nom sg: ɔl-márenké. Acc pl: ɨl-maárenke. Nom pl: ɨl-

máárenke. n. 1 • Gossip, idle talk. Eitádóyíó olmárenké ɛnkɔlɔ́ŋ. Gossip will make the sun set. (W). Note: Proverb meaning that one can spend the whole day in mere talk and gossip. This may include lies as well as idle discussion of true things. See: metetél ‘Gossip’. 2 • Lie.

Ɛáta nɛná kɛ́râ ilmaárenke kúmok. Those

children have a lot of lies. (W).

márgéroi n. Finch. See: n-c ̂c [North] ‘Finch’. márg ́rɔ́ ́ [North] [North] Nom sg: margɨrɔ́ .́ [North] Acc pl: márgɨrɔ. [North] Nom pl: márg

́rɔ. n. [North] One of several species of waxbill, including the African firefinch and the red-cheeked cordon-bleu. Lagonosticta rubricata, Uraeginthus bengalus.

l-marí [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-mári. [North] Acc pl: l-marîn. [North] Nom

pl: l-márin. n. [North]

ɔl-marikíti

Slope of a hill.

Nom sg: ɔl-márikíti. Acc pl: ɨl-marikitiní. Nom pl: ɨl-

márikitiní. n. Can about the size of a paint can. Etymology: < Swahili ? marigedi ‘large cooking pot of copper’. See: l-tóo lɛ́ naiurrúūr [North] ‘Paint can’.

l-máríkó [North]

Nom sg: l-marikó. n. [North]

kumpaú ‘tobacco’.

ɔ́l-máríkô

Tobacco.

See: ol-

[Purko] Acc sg: ol-marikói. [North] Acc sg: l-máríkó.

Variant: máríkóí. [North] Nom sg: l-marikó. n. 1 • Banana. 2 • [North]

Snuff wrapped in a sheet of banana stalk. Etymology: < Kikuyu mariɡũ 'banana'. See: ɔl-maisurí ‘Banana’.

L-maríkóí [North]

[North] Acc pl: L-maríkón. [North] Nom pl: L-

márikón. n.prop. Spencer (1965).[North] Age-set initiated around 1879.

már ́sá [North]

[North] Nom sg: marɨsá. [North] Acc pl: mar

Nom pl: márɨsán. n. [North]

[North] ‘Clavicle’.

e-márisíán

n. emárisíán

Clavicle.

See: n-tálátá

́sân. [North]

lɔɔ́ sɨkɨrá decorated band of cowrie-

shells and beads, worn by female initiates around the head.

marlêî [North]

Strip of leather from a sacrificed or slaughtered animal, worn by brides over both shoulders.

marlɛ̂n

[North] Nom sg: márlei. n. [North]

Nom sg: márlɛn. n. Beads

heads.

worn by young initiates on their

márlóó [North]

[North] Nom sg: marloó. [North] Acc pl: marlóóci. [North]

márnâ ̂ [North]

Variant: márná .́ [North] Nom sg: marɨná .́ [North] Acc

Nom pl: marloocí. n. [North]

Large tendon.

See: em-pítō ‘Tendon’.

pl: márná. [North] Nom pl: már

́na. n. 1 • [North] Traditional beaded bracelet, about 2 cm wide. Samburu word for the same thing as en-k ́r ́nâ. See: ɛ́n-k ́r ́nâ ‘Bracelet’. 2 • [North] One of a number of beadwork ornaments with beads strung around a rubber core.

ɛ-márórōī

Nom sg: ɛ-maróroi. Acc pl: ɨ-márōro. Nom pl: ɨ-maroró. n. Ear.

See: en-kíook; e-niŋét; en-kulalé ‘Ear’.

ɔl-mársámūā

Nom sg: ???. Acc pl: ɨl-mársámua. Nom pl: ɨl-marsamuá.

[North] Acc sg: l-mársómua. n. Maggot

marsantɛ́ [North]

in the nose of an animal.

[North] Nom sg: mársantɛ́. n. [North]

small, grey, likes cool areas.

ɔl-mársáŋua

Nom sg: ɔl-marsáŋua. Acc pl: ɨl-mársámua. Nom pl: ɨl-

marsámua. n. Maggot.

ɛ-márti

Lizard that is

See: l-ácɛrɛ

[North] ‘Maggot’.

Nom sg: mártî. Acc pl: ɨ-mártīn. Nom pl: ɨ-martín. n. 1 • Upwards

sloping land.

2 • Slight

spur (as in, a ridge of land laterally projecting off of a mountain side); cliff. Tóduaa taá m ́sʉlári amʉ̂ kéúróri ɨna mártî. Take care so that you don't fall, because that cliff is weak. (Pk). 3 • [North] Volcanic mesa bordered by escarpments which are often covered with loose pumice. See: m-pɛɛ́ [North] ‘Pumice’. 4 • Name of a place along the Mara River in Trans-Mara.

ɔl-marúá

Nom sg: ɔl-márūā. Acc pl: ɨl-maruaîn

?. Nom pl: ɨl-máruaîn ?. n. Alcoholic beverage (beer, wine, hard liquor, etc). Ɛtɛmɛ́ratɛ ɨlpáyianí amʉ̂ étóókō ɔlmarúá. The men got drunk because they took beer. See: ɛn-cɔ ;́ ɛn-áíshó ‘Intoxicant’.

marúátɛ [North]

adj. 1 • [North]

Giving milk only to its owner (of

an animal). 2 • [North] Which won't mate a bull (of a cow).

L-márrááto [North]

[North] Nom pl: L-marraató. n.pl. [North]

within the Lmásʉla phratry.

márrag ́t [North]

A clan

[North] Nom sg: márrágɨt. [North] Acc pl: marragɨtí.

[North] Nom pl: márragɨtí. n. [North]

a-marrárr [North]

v. [North]

Top of the shoulder.

To keep surveillance over an area suspected of harbouring enemies in war; spy, reconnoitre scout, survey, patrol. Syn: a-leén ‘To survey; spy; reconnoitre’. See: ɔlá ́k ́tálani ‘Spy’.

márrarr [North]

[North] Nom sg: márrârr. n. [North]

l-marrôî [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-márroi. [North] Acc pl: l-marrɔ̂n.

ásʉ́mɛ́ [North] ‘Patrol’.

Patrol.

Frame sticks which are normally carried when moving to a new homestead. See: sainiâî ‘Pack-saddle’.

See: n-

[North] Nom pl: l-márrɔn. n. [North]

l-marrôn [North]

Nom sg: l-márron. n.pl. [North]

Long thick sticks placed on the neck and back of a donkey for holding packsaddles on the back. See: sainiâî [North] ‘Pack-saddles’.

ɨ-masáa

Nom sg: ɛ-másaá-í. Acc pl: ɨ-masáa. Nom pl: ɨ-másaa. n. 1 • All

the

beaded ornaments of a person. Ɛtɨp ́kɛ entitó ɨmasáa ɛnyɛ́ná, nélo osirua. The girl has put on her ornaments, then she went to a party (celebration). 2 • Wealth, riches, possessions, property, abundance, plenty, assets. Kɛ́āta ɛlɛ́ páyian ɨmasáa kúmok. This man has many possessions. 3 • Weapons.

Etudúmutúaā ɨlmʉ́rrân ɨmasáa áapuo

ɔlárrabal. The warriors have picked up the weapons to go to war.

ɛ-masáitâî [Purko]

Nom sg: ɛ-másaaɨtâ. Acc pl: ɨ-masáa. Nom pl: ɨ-

másaa. n. 1 • Treasure, sth. precious. 2 • Personal ornament. 3 • Wealth.

L-maságarâ ̂ [North]

[North] Nom sg: L-másagarâ .̂ [North] Acc pl: L-

maságará. [North] Nom pl: L-másagará. n. Usage: plural. [North] Mixed Rendille-Samburu population found in the northern strip of Samburu territory; known in the anthropological literature by the Rendille term Ariaal.

másá ́ [North]

[North] Nom sg: masá .́ n. Potamogeton. [North]

plant which cattle may eat.

ɛ-masáɨtá [Purko]

Water

Nom sg: ɛ-másáɨtâ. Acc pl: ɨ-masáɨtá. Nom pl: ɨ-

másáɨtá. [North] Nom sg: másaɨtâ. [North] Acc pl: masáa. [North] Nom pl: másaa. n. 1 • Deceased man in the prime of life, from the age of a warrior to about middle-aged. This word especially connotes s.o. who died at the age of a courageous warrior; he was ɔltʉŋáni ɔt ́ ɔdʉ́pa (a young very competent man) and the society treasured him. He is still very important in his family and society. See: ɛndɔ́rrɔ́p sésên ‘Deceased woman’; ɔl-kɨmá ́ta ‘Elderly deceased man’. 2 • [North] Outfit, equipment, furnishing for a particular use. See: ɛ-masáaɨtâ ‘Treasure’.

3 • [North]

ol-masí

Polite term for male genitals. Usage: plural.

Nom sg: ɔl-mási. Acc pl: ɨl-masîn. Nom pl: ɨl-másin. [North] Nom pl: ɨl-

másîn. n. 1 • Hair that the mother allows to grow after delivery of a child. 2 • [North] Long hair kept by women or children in order to avoid misfortune by being different in makeup. See: a-tarʉ́ ‘To prevent death by means of talisman’. 3 • [North] The coiffure of warriors. 4 • Mane (eg. of lion); crest. See: kúb ‘Long hair’; ol-kújú ‘Long hair’.

masiantêt Mixture of white and gray or brown, usually applied to livestock.

masilig

Acc pl: i-masilig. n.pl. Type

treatments??

máso [North]

of soft leaves; used in medical

[North] Nom sg: másô. [North] Acc pl: masoyíó. [North] Nom

pl: másoyíó. adj. [North]

Bratty.

l-máso [North] [North] Overprotected child who becomes a bully; brat.

a-masón [North]

v. [North]

To be proud. See: máso [North] ‘Bratty’; a-ŋɨd; a-pashɨpásh ‘To be proud’.

a-masonú [North] L-másʉ́laní [North]

v.incep. [North]

To become bratty.

[North] Nom sg: L-masʉ́lani. [North] Acc pl: L-

másʉ́lá. [North] Nom pl: L-masʉlá. n. Usage: plural. [North] Phratry in the black cattle moiety; largest clan or phratry among the Samburu. Il-Tórrobo are from this clan. They are the clan who do the first things which were supposed to be done among the Samburu tribe. See: tórróboní ‘hunters and gatherers’.

ɔl-máshérī

Nom sg: ɔl-masherí. Acc pl: ɨl-máshér. Nom pl: ɨl-mashér.

[North] Acc sg: l-máncéri. n. Tick.

máshini Nom sg: e-máshini. n. Machine. Eéwuo dúó emáshini akesú enkáno. The machine has come to harvest the wheat.

(W). Borrowed word: English 'machine'.

ɛ́-máshô

Nom sg: ɛ-masho. Acc pl: ɨ-máshōn. Nom pl: ɨ-mashón. n.

party. Aáta ɛ́mâshô ɛnkɔlɔ́ŋ naɨshárɨ. [àáta ɛ̀màshò ɛ̀ŋkɔ̀lɔ́ŋ] I had a party the other day. (W). Ɛg ́ra ɔlpayíáni aitarruó esíái ɛ́ masho aarɨshɔ́. The man is ruining the ceremony by fighting people. (Pk). 2 • Ceremony. 1 • Feast,

ɛ-mashúa

Nom sg: ɛ-máshua. Acc pl: ɨ-mashuaní. Nom pl: ɨ-máshuaní. n.

Boat. Usage: This is not familiar to some speakers outside the context of the Bible..

a-mát

v.prog. 1 • To

drink’.

drink. Átámátá kʉlɛ́. I drank milk.

See: a-ók ‘To

To smoke (cigarette, etc.). Kɛ́mat ́ta lpáyian sikára. The man is smoking cigarette(s). (SN). See: a-purú ‘To smoke’. Etymology: Proto-Teso-Lotuko-Maa *-mat- 'drink (v.)' (Vossen 2 • [North]

1982:356).

l-mátácá [North] (sp.).

[North] Nom sg: l-matacá. n. [North]

Forest lizard

ɨl-Matapató n.pl. Name of a Maasai section. mat ́cō [North] [North] Nom sg: mát ̄cɔ̄. n. [North] The alternate day on which livestock are watered; drinking.

matɔ́rɔg ̂ [North]

drink’.

[North] Nom sg: mátɔrɔgî. [North] Acc pl: matɔ́rɔg.

[North] Nom pl: mátɔrɔg. n. [North]

ɛ-mátua

See: a-mát ‘To

Flamingo.

Nom sg: ɛ-mátûâ. Acc pl: ɨ-mátuan. Nom pl: ɨ-matúán. n. 1 • Piece,

part. Nájó ádɔ́l kóre ɨmbáa kúmōk néíŋúaa ɛmátua e oŋúán. I saw that a lot of items [questions on an exam] came from chapter four. 2 • Side; rib. See: ol-iaatúa ‘Internal wall of a house’.

ɨ-mátūān ɛ́ n-kɔp

n.pl. Compass

directions (lit: the sides of the earth). The following direcitonal terms come from a book by Stephen Ole-Sankan. However, they do not appear to be widely

agreed-upon as directional terms: Oloóntolúó 'East' (lit: The one of the axes); Oloósaên 'West' (lit: The one of the beads); Kɔ́pɨkɔp 'North'; Móikúápe 'South'.

maúa n. Boquet, bunch of flowers. Borrowed word: Swahili maua 'boquet'. l-máʉ́cɔ́ ́ [North] [North] Nom sg: l-maʉcɔ́ .́ [North] Acc pl: l-maʉcɔn .́ [North] Nom pl: l-máʉcɔ́n .́ n. [North]

Madman ?

́-máútî n.pl. Rubbish. ɨl-Máʉ̄wān ̄ n.prop. Name of an ageset. l-máwúá [North] [North] Nom sg: l-mawúá. n. 1 • [North] Local Samburu fermented brew made from honey and possibly cereal. 2 • [North] Beer brewed from grain.

l-máwúɛ́ [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-mawúɛ́. [North] Acc pl: l-máwúɛ̂n.

[North] Nom pl: l-mawúɛ́n. n. [North]

Upper lateral corner ( of anything: head, chair, house, etc.).

a-mayíán v. 1 • To bless. Ɛmayíán oshî ɨltásatí ɨnkɛ́ra enyê tɔɔ́ ɨnkámʉlak. Elders bless their children with saliva. Nɛ́mayianɨ ɛnadúóó áŋ amʉ̂ ɛ́táláá esíle. They bless

the previously-mentioned home because they have cleared the debt [for a woman after she has given birth]. 2 • To pray.

a-mayianak ́

1 • To

bless on behalf of. 2 • To bless in children, etc.

a-mayianɨshɔ́ [North] To say blessings; pronounce a blessing.

ɔl-máyian

[North] Acc sg: máyian. [North] Nom sg: máyîân. n. [North]

Blessing.

ɛ-máyian Blessing. ɛ-máyianata Nom sg: ɛ-mayíánata. Acc pl: ɨ-mayianát. Nom pl: ɨ-

máyianat. [North] Acc sg: mayíánata. [North] Nom sg: mayíánata. [North] Acc pl: mayianát. [North] Nom pl: mayianát. [Chamus] Nom sg: ɛ-

máyíánata. n. Blessing. Ɛshɔmɔ̂ inkítuaak áaŋɔrʉ ɛmáyianata tɛ manyatá. The women have gone to look for blessing in the ceremonial home. K ́ŋamáa ɛmáyíánata. We receive a blessing. This is believed to be only received where there is divine intervention. Elders are primarily the executors of a blessing because they are believed to be the intermediaries between God and man. Ɛmányátá is a special home where a ceremony to administer a blessing is carried out. See: a-mayíán ‘To bless’; ɨnkamʉlák ‘Blessing’.

ɔl-(ma)nyaalíshooi n. Jaw. See: ɔl-tag ́lɨgɨlɨ; ɛ-sɛ́dɛr; ɔl-bɔɔ́ny ‘Jaw’. í-mboó v.imp. Imperative of hinder, bar, prevent. Ímboó ɨna árɛ́. a-mé

Stop that water from flowing!

See: a-ibók ‘To

hinder’.

feel pain. Kémē ɔltʉ́ŋání ɔ́tɔɔnyɔ́ ɔlŋatúny. A person who has been bitten by a lion is feeling a lot of pain. Kɛ́tɛ́m ̂ɔ̂. It has hurt. (S). [North]: a-mɛ́. v. 1 • To

be causing pain or aching. Káamé ɛnkainá My arm is painful. (lit: The arm pains me.). Káamê encóni ɛ́ nkʉ́tʉ́k. [ɛ́ŋkʊ̀tʊ̀k] I feel pain in the lips. (lit: The lips pain me.). Note: This is an external possession construction, and hence by itself does not provide evidence of a general transitive argument frame of the verb (Payne 19xx). See: a-yá ‘To ache; to take away’; a-tɛ́j ‘To swell’. 3 • To pain s.o. (eg. as a child might do to a parent by disregarding advice and help, and all the good the parent has done towards the child, such that the parent reacts psychologically and emotionally). 4 • To punish (eg. cane, fine, banish from the house, etc.). Note: Ex 1: EP Note: Ex 2 2 • To

a-ɨtɛmɛ́ [North] [North] To hurt sth. or s.o.; inflict pain. Kéítémyíō. It has hurt it. (S). l-mɛ́dɛ́kɛ́ [North] [North] Nom sg: l-mɛdɛkɛ́. [North] Acc pl: l-mɛ́dɛ̄kɛta. [North] Nom pl: l-mɛdɛkɛtá. n. [North]

Stick reinforcing the inside

wall of a traditional house.

ol-méékí

Nom sg: ol-meekí. Acc pl: il-meék. Nom pl: il-meék. n.pl. 1 • One

who is not a Maasai; foreigner. Usage: pejorative. If s.o. of this status kills another, he is not obligated to compensate for it (as a Maasai would be). These people are called on to do unpalatable jobs which no Maasai would be asked to do, including digging graves, carrying a dead body, digging dams for collecting water, (traditionally) growing food. The term is derogatively used to refer to Kikuyus. ilmeékúré kishukokíno those that we are not going to return to; from a legend / historical account of the origin of the Maasai; elgeyio escarpment. associated with the climbing of endíkírr e kérīō. ilmeékúré k ́ra tɛ nébó those that we are not together any more. See: ɛ- ́kɨŋa ‘Foreignness’. person. Ɛg ́ra olmeekí aít tɛ nɛ́ ́rɔ Maâ. The Kikuyu is speaking with an accent when he speaks Maa. (Pk). 2 • Kikuyu

l-meéko [North]

n. [North]

Thick piece of wood for making ugali (corn mash). See: ɔl-k ́pɨrɛ ‘Tool for stirring liquid’; olkurtét ‘Wooden spoon’.

meékūrē adv. Variant of (i)meékūrē, no longer. L-meicópo [North] [North] Nom pl: L-méícopo. n.prop. [North] The

oldest age-set which can be placed into sequential order and whose date of initiation has been roughly calculated as 1781 (lit: the unclad). Older age-sets are known, but their order is undetermined (cf. Spencer, Paul. 1965. The Samburu: a study of gerontocracy in a nomadic tribe. London: Routlidge and Kegan Paul).

meisíólo [Chamus] 2 • [Chamus]

n. 1 • [Chamus]

Wanderer.

meisóro [North]

n. [North]

cʉrtɛ́t ‘Cylindrical club’.

Loiterer.

Cylindrical club.

See: ɔl-

méíush Good behavior ? Éísídáí oshî encólíek ɔ́ɔ ltʉ́ŋáná léméíush amʉ̂ imɛɨtapoŋóó ilkʉl ́kā ̄. Companionship

of well-behaved people is good because it does not mislead others. (Pk).

a-méj

lick. Eméjíto ɔlŋatúny ɛnkɛ́ráí. The lion is licking its cub. (W). Ɛyákak ́ dúóó inkíshú embolíêî námɛ́j. The cows were brought to the salt-lick (for licking). (Pk). Óre peê eishó enkítok nɛ́ ́shɔrɨ ɨnkɛ́ra pɔɔk ́n ɛsʉkárɨ áapɨkakɨ ɨnká ́k peê émêj. When a woman gives birth, all children are given sugar to put in their hands so that they lick it. v.prog. To

ɔl-mɛ́kɛ́kɛ̂

n. Wall

made of pieces of sticks, meant to reinforce other walls of a house. See: ɛ-sʉntâî; ol-iaatúa ‘Wall’.

mekití [North]

[North] Nom sg: mékití. [North] Acc pl: mekitîn. [North] Nom

pl: mékitîn. n. 1 • [North]

An oldtime skin worn by elders on the

shoulders. 2 • [North] Child's goatskin body cover. See: n-cɔrg ́ta [North] ‘Calfskin garment’.

l-mekûâ [North]

Variant: l-mékûâ. [North] Acc pl: l-mékuaîn. n.

[North] Agama lizard. ladaákany ‘Agama’.

mɛkʉ́rɛ [North] longer’.

Agama agama. See: ol-mokûâ ‘Lizard’;

adv. [North]

L-mékúrí [North]

No longer.

See: meékūrē; moókīrē ‘No

[North] Nom sg: L-mekurí. [North] Acc pl: L-mekurí.

[North] Nom pl: l-mékurí. n.prop. [North]

l-mɛ́lɛ́p ́cɔɨ [North] open to all.

Age-set initiated in 1936.

[North] Nom sg: l-mɛ́lɛp

́cɔɨ. n. [North] Dance

a-mɛlɛ́t [North] v. [North] To reconcile, make peace, make up. Ɛt́ ɛ́mɛ́lɛ́tâ. They have reconciled. (S). mɛ́lɛt [North] [North] Nom sg: mɛ́lɛ̂t. n. [North] Reconciliation. e-méli [North] Nom sg: mélî. [North] Acc pl: lélîn. [North] Nom pl: melín. n. [North] Boat, ship.

ol-melíl

Etymology: Swahili meli 'boat'.

Nom sg: ol-mélíl. Acc pl: il-melilí. Nom pl: il-mélilí. n. n. Small

spur or range of hills. 2 • n. Ridge.

of an animal's neck; nape. Kɨbarnʉ́ ɨlpáp ́t lo lmelíl. We will shave hair from the back of the neck. See: emúrt ‘Neck’. 3 • n. Back

a-melók

[West]: a-mɛlɔ́k. [North]: a-mɛlɔ́k. PL: áa-melook. v.s. 1 • To

be

sweet-tasting (as of honey, sugar, fruit, or chai). Kémelók ɔlŋánayíôî lɛ́ ldɛ shaní. The fruit of that tree is sweet. mpóróí námélók aná. This is sweet clotted blood. (SN). Kémelôôk ɨlŋánayio lɛ́ kʉ́ldɔ̄ keék. The fruits of those trees are very juicy.

be delicious. Ɛmɛ́lɔ́k kʉná pɔ́ɔpɨatí. These mushrooms are delicious. (W). 3 • To be precious, sth. paid dearly for such as a child or a cow). ɔltʉŋáni ómélók person who is precious. 2 • To

a-itemelók To sweeten. a-melokú To become sweet. a-melonú v.incep. 1 • To become delicious. Ɛg ́ra ɔláyíárání aitók ɛndáa peê emelonú. The cook is cooking the food until it is ready so that it can be delicious. (Pk). 2 • To become sweet. See: a-melók ‘To be sweet’.

́ ɛ́n ɔlmʉrraní a-mɛ́n v. 1 • To despise, disregard, underrate. Ɛm olayíóni. A warrior underrates a boy. 2 • To

a-mɛná

mock, belittle, scorn. v.mid. 1 • To

be despised. 2 • To be neglected; languish.

be weak, feeble, thin. ɛnkɛ́ráí naɨtɛ́mɛ́ná emuoyíán A child weakened by sickness. 3 • To

be poor. ɛnkáŋ namɛ́na a poor family. See: aɨs ́nani ‘Poor’. 4 • To

5 • To

be with child; pregnant.

be wrong. ɔltʉŋáni ɔmɛ́na a person who is wrong (or poor, feeble, weak). 6 • To

be sad, unfortunate, bad. entóki namɛ́na a bad thing/sad news. 7 • To

a-mɛnaá v.dir. To scoff, spurn. a-mɛnɨshɔ́ v.apass. To be contemptuous; mock, despise, scorn, disregard, neglect.

a-mɛnú v.dir. To despise, scorn, mock, disregard, neglect. ɔl-mɛná [North] Nom sg: l-mɛ́na. n. 1 • Contempt, scorn. 2 • [North]

Despised scorned thing. See: a-mɛ́n ‘To despise, scorn’.

ɛ-mɛnái Syn: á ́s ́nanisho ‘Poverty’. Poverty. mɛnáti Nom sg: mɛ́náti ?. Acc pl: mɛnát. Nom pl: mɛ́nát ?. adj. 1 • Feeble (of an animate entity). 2 • Poor.

a-mɛnayú 2 • To

a-mɛnɛŋá l-mɛ́nɛ́ŋáí

v. 1 • To

be weak.

v.mid. To

be dead.

be thin.

n.prop. 1 • Menengai

2 • [North]

ɔl-mɛ́nɛ́ŋaní

Corpse.

crater, north of Nakuru.

Acc pl: ɨl-mɛ́nɛ́ŋa. [North] Acc sg: mɛ́náŋáí. [Chamus] Acc

sg: mɛ́nɛ́ŋani. n. 1 • Corpse. 2 • The

spirit-part of a person who has died. The ɔl-mɛ́nɛ́ŋaní of one who has died may haunt or disturb those who mistreated him/her when alive. Simultaneously, there is no strong (?) belief that some aspect of an individual continues to exist after death. Traditionally, no one would attempt to contact or communicate with a deceased person.

ɛl-mɛ́nɛ́ŋaní Spirit of a deceased woman. See: ɔl-ɔɨrírūā ‘Evil spirit’; mɨl ́ka ‘Ghost’; ɛ-nɛ́mɛ́nɛ́ŋa ‘Where the dead go’.

l-menóŋ [North]

Avoidance of eating in the presence of women, practiced by warriors.

menût [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ménoŋ. n. [North]

Variant: menút. [North] Nom sg: ménut. [North] Acc

pl: menúti. [North] Nom pl: ménuti. adj. 1 • [North]

Small as a result of being born prematurely. See: kíbírótó ‘Prematurely born’. 2 • [North] Feeble, sickly, weak. See: a-mɛ́n ‘To despise’; mɛnáti ‘Feeble’.

a-menutú [North] feeble.

mɛ́nyɛ́

v.incep. [North]

To become weak, sickly,

Nom sg: mɛnyɛ́. Acc pl: ɨlɔɔ́

mɛ́nyɛ́. [West] Acc pl: lɔɔ́ mɛ́nyɛ. [West] Nom pl: lɔ́ɔ mɛ́nyɛ. Variant: mɛ́nyɛ. [North] Nom sg: mɛnyɛ́. [North] Acc pl: ɔɔ́mɛ́nyɛ. [North] Nom pl: ɔ́ɔmɛ́nyɛ. n. Father of; his father, her father. Eyéwuo ɛnkɛráí náyama aɨrɔrɔk ́ mɛ́nyɛ́. A married child (woman) has come to greet her father. (Pk). Ɛmánya mɛnyɛ́ ɛnkayíóni Naɨrɔ́bɨ. The boy's father lives in Nairobi. (W). ɨnkamʉlák ɛ mɛ́nyɛ saliva (ie. blessings) from his father (KS). Nélo mɛnyɛ́ alikí intóiwúó é ntítō. And her father will go and tell the girl's parents. (W). Ádɔ́l ́ta lɔɔ́ mɛ́nyɛ táatá. I see their fathers today. (W). Epuonú lɔ́ɔ mɛ́nyɛ. Their fathers will come. (W). Ɛmánya lɔ́ɔ mɛ́nyɛ Naɨrɔ́bɨ. Their fathers live in Nairobi. (W). This is always understood as a possessed noun, ie. X's father.

L-méólí [North]

[North] Nom sg: L-meolí. [North] Acc pl: L-mɛɔl .́ [North]

Nom pl: L-mɛ́ɔl .́ n.prop. Usage: plural. [North]

initiation started in 1990.

a-mɛrá

v. To

drunk.

Age-set whose

be drunk; get drunk. ɔltʉŋáni ɔmɛ́ra person who is

a-mɛrɛgɛ́l [North] v. [North] To turn sth. around. ol-méregesh Nom sg: ol-mérégesh. Acc pl: il-merégēshī. Nom pl: il-

méregeshí. Variant: mɛ́rɛkɛcn (C). [North] Acc sg: l-mérɛgɛc. Variant: lmérɛkɛc. [North] Nom sg: l-mérɛ́gɛc. [North] Acc pl: l-mɛrɛ́gɛci. [North] Nom

Eishopokíní oshî ilmerégēshī olconí peê mɛ́ ́t ́ámák ́ ɨntarɛ́. The rams are dressed with pl: l-mɛ́rɛgɛcí. n. Ram.

skin aprons so they don't mate with the sheep. [North] ‘Ram’.

l-mɛ́rɛkɛc [North]

See: l-mɛ́rɛkɛc

Variant: l-mɛ́rɛgɛc. [North] Nom sg: l-mɛ́rɛ́gɛc. [North]

Acc pl: l-mɛrɛ́kɛci. [North] Nom pl: l-mɛ́rɛgɛcí. n. [North]

méregesh ‘Ram’.

mɛrɛ́kʉ́rɛ [North]

adv. [North]

No longer. longer’; meékūrē; moókīrē ‘No longer’.

mɛ́rɨmerua [North]

Ram.

See: mɛkʉ́rɛ

See: ol-

[North] ‘No

Fat (of a cow); the cow becomes fat because it refuses to mate a bull.

l-mérísé [North]

[North] Acc pl: mɛrɨmɛrwuaní. adj. [North]

Wooden stirring stick for ugali. See: ol-kurtét ‘Wooden stirring stick for ugali’.

l-mérísíé [North]

Nom sg: l-merisé. n. [North]

Variant: l-méris. [North] Nom sg: l-merisíé. [North] Acc

pl: l-merísien. [North] Nom pl: l-mérisíén. n. 1 • [North]

spoon, which is the traditional eating utensil. 2 • [North] Paddle of a boat.

ɔl-Mɛ́rʉ

Large wooden

Acc pl: il-meru. [North] Nom sg: L-mɛ́rʉní. [North] Acc pl: L-mɛ́rʉ.

[North] Nom pl: L-mɛ́rʉ̂. n.prop. Usage: plural. Meru

tribe. Mol (1996:253) notes there are two separate tribes called the Meru; one lives on the eastern slope of Mt. Kenya, Kenya; and the other lives on the slopes of Mt. Meru near Arusha, Tanzania.

a-mɛrrɛgɛ́l v. 1 • To change direction of sth. Ɛt́ ɛ́mɛ́rrɛ́gɛ́lâ ilpúrrishó ɛngárri. The thieves have changed the direction of the car.

twist sth. amɛrrɛgɛ́l ɛnká ́ná to twist the arm. 3 • To intentionally change the course of an action or issue. Ɛt́ ɛ́mɛ́rrɛ́gɛ́lá ɔlpáyian ɨlɔmɔ́n. The man has changed the news. 4 • To deflect sth. See: a-mɛrɛgɛ́l [North] ‘To turn sth. around’. 2 • To

a-mɛrrɛgɛlá

v.mid. Syn: a-ɨbɛlɨbɛlɛkɛnyá, a-bɔ

direction’. To change direction or mind.

l-mɛ́rrɨmɛr [North]

́n ‘To change

[North] Nom sg: l-mɛrmɛ́r. n. [North]

disease of small stock.

Tick-borne

mésíáí [North] adj. [North] To be playful. See: dalût ‘playful’. a-mesút v. To clean or wipe olóíríén charcoal off the gourd after cleaning.

ol-mésútíé

1 • Tail.

See: ol-mésútíé ‘Tail’.

Acc pl: il-mesútiaa. Nom sg: ol-mesutíé. Nom pl: il-mésutiá. n.

2 • Tail

piece used to clean calabashes; wiper. See: músútí ‘Rag used to clean calabashes’; a-mesút ‘To clean’.

mɛtáa

v. Subjunctive

form of 'be'; so that sth. will come about; "thus it happens". ɔlcʉ́ma taá ɛnyaálɨ mɛtáa íjīō ɛnkɨkɛ́. It is the ironbar to be chewed to make a brush. See: táa ‘Become’; m2 ‘Subjunctive’.

mɛtábaɨk ́

Nom sg: mɛ́tábaɨk .́ [Chamus] Acc sg: mɛtábak .́ adv.

Népōnū ɛnâ dúóó áŋ áaɨrrag páa kɛ́ɛn ́ mɛtábaɨk ́ inkíshú ɨnkɛjɛ́k. They come to that home to 1 • Tomorrow.

sleep and tomorrow the cow's legs are tied. 2 • all.being.well.

mɛtábaɨk ́ ɔ́kʉ́tʉ́k Tomorrow. See: a-baɨk ;́ tááisére ‘Tomorrow’. ɔl-mɛ́tɛ́ráí n. Bush. ... olóíkusíto ɨntáwua ɔlmɛ́tɛ́ráí ... whose heifers are walking on the bush. See: en-tîm ‘Forest’.

metetél [North] n. [North] Gossip. See: ɔl-marenké ‘Gossip, lies’. Meto n.prop. Place name on the border with Tanzania, Kajiado District, Kenya.

ɛ-mɛ́ʉ

[North] Nom sg: mɛ́ʉ̂. n. 1 • Python. See: ɛn-tárâ ‘Python’.

2 • Puff-adder.

ɔl-mɛʉ́t

Nom sg: ɔl-mɛ́ʉ̄t. Acc pl: ɨl-meutí. Nom pl: ɨl-méutí. n. Giraffe.

giraffa camelopardalis, giraffa reticulata. See: ɔl-carkúk ‘Giraffe’.

mííntóí [North]

[North] Nom sg: miintóí. [North] Acc pl: miintoní. [North]

Nom pl: míintoní. n. [North]

Small bell-shaped aluminium earring worn by elders in the pierce in the earlobe.

míjóni [North]

[North] Nom sg: mijoní. [North] Acc pl: míjónito. [North]

Nom pl: mijonitó. n. [North]

Abandoned homestead where there are still some structures standing.

míjóóni

Nom sg: mijooní. Acc pl: míjóōnto. [North] Acc pl: míjóōnīto. Nom

pl: mijoontó. adj. Abandoned,

desolate, collapsed, devastated. Usage: house. ɛnkají míjóóni An empty house. A community builds their compound with branches of trees, and does not destroy them when they migrate to another place. See: olmuaáte ‘Abandoned home’.

a-mijoón v. To collapse, fall into ruins. a-mijoonó v.mid. To be desolate, broken, collapsed, devastated. a-mijoonú v. To become desolate, deserted. a-mikí [North]: a-mɨk .́ v. 1 • To deny, refuse to admit verbally. See: aány ‘To deny’.

conceal information. amʉ̂ étéjó ɛnkaí memíki ɛnâ síri tiálo Abraham because God said He will not keep this secret away from Abraham. 3 • To betray. 4 • To disown. Note: DATIVE? 2 • To

a-míl

v.prog. To

confuse, perplex, puzzle. Ɛ́ ́tɔrrɔ́nɔ̂

embuaakínotó naáíjō ɛnâ amʉ̂ kémílīshō. Such shouting is bad because it causes confusion.

a-miló v.mid. To be confused; not know what to do. mɨl ́ka [North] Nom sg: m ́lɨka. [North] Acc pl: mɨlɨkaní. [North] Nom pl: m

́lɨkaní. n. [North] Ghost; sounds one might hear at night, but no one is visible. See: ɔl-mɛ́nɛ́ŋaní ‘Ghost’; ɔl-ɔɨrírūā ‘Evil spirit’; ɨn-kɔmá ‘Evil spirit ??’.

Il-milili

n.prop. Place-name,

on the Mau, Narok District, Kenya.

l-mílímíloi [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-milimíloi. [North] Acc pl: l-

mílimilo ?. [North] Nom pl: l-milimiló. n. [North] Spark of fire. imilimíl [North] ‘To glow’.

ol-míló

See: a-

Nom sg: ol-miló. Acc pl: il-mílóíshi. Nom pl: il-miloishí. n.

1 • Confusion.

M ́yáʉ olmíló atûâ esíáai Don't bring

confusion into the work. 2 • Craziness.

abúák ánaa ɔlɔáta olmíló To shout like a

crazy person (lit: to shout like one with craziness). 3 • Type of fatal sickness, common in livestock, that damages the brain and causes the animal to move around in circles. olmíló ɔ́ɔwá inkíshú naátuatâ It is the olmilo sickness that has killed the cows that died. See: a-mil ‘To confuse’; emilôî ‘Confusion’.

e-milôî

Nom sg: e-míloi. n. Confusion.

M ́yáʉ emilôî atûâ esíáai

Don't bring confusion into the work. See: a-míl ‘To confuse’.

e-míncí Nom sg: e-mincí. Acc pl: í-míncî. Nom pl: í-míncî. n. Snowpeas. a-mɨnc ́r [North] v. 1 • [North] To brand. 2 • [North]

To conquer, vanquish an enemy.

mɨnc ́rarɛ [North] cattle.

l-m ́nc ́rɛ́ [North]

[North] Nom sg: mɨnc

[North] Nom sg: l-mɨncɨrɛ́. [North] Acc pl: l-mincíria.

[North] Nom pl: l-mínciria. n. 1 • [North] 2 • [North]

m ́n ́s

́rarɛ̂. n. [North] Branding of

Branding iron.

Cattle brand.

Nom sg: mɨn

́s. Acc pl: mínísí. Nom pl: minisí. adj. 1 • Having small or no ears (of sheep); having abnormally small ears (of people). 2 • Having unpierced ears. Usage: rare. See: n-kórís [North] ‘To have small ear’.

mínkí [North]

[North] Nom sg: minkí. [North] Acc pl: mínkîn. [North] Nom

pl: minkín. n. [North]

Bead string worn horizontally across the lower forehead by warriors or girls.

ɔl-mɨnɔ́ŋ

Nom sg: ɔl-m

́nɔŋ. Acc pl: ɨl-minoŋîn. Nom pl: ɨl-mínoŋîn. n.

1 • Extreme

taboo; prohibition. Ɔl-mɨnɔ́ŋ refers to sth. that is extremely taboo. It shouldn't be talked about or done, and is punishable by God. See: ɛn-tʉ́rʉ́j ‘Prohibition’. 2 • Abstinance.

ɔ́l-m ́nt ̂r

Nom sg: ɔ́l-m

́nt ̂r. Acc pl: íl-míntírrî. Nom pl: íl-míntírrî. n. Barrel for stiring soup. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aɨp ́r imotorí tɔ́lm ́ntîr. The man is stiring soup in the barrel.

ɔ́l-m ́nt ̂rr

́ntîrr. Acc pl: ́l-míntírrî. Nom pl: ́l-míntírrî. n. Cylindrical container for making meat soup. See: parméyian ‘Watering can used for making meat soup’.

mínyí

Nom sg: ɔ́l-m

Nom sg: minyí. [North] Acc pl: oómínyi. [North] Nom pl: óomínyi. n.

Usage: vulgar;

taboo. "Your father". This is extremely abusive, especially when used for s.o. outside one's peer group. It will provoke a fight because not only is the user abusing the addressee, but is also abusing the addressee's father. Mol (1996:255) writes: "The use of this word is frowned upon in some areas of Maasailand; it is used as an insult indicating that you may be one who has sexual cotact with your father.". See: mɛ́nyɛ́ ‘Father of’.

e-mínyíárít

Nom sg: e-minyiarít. n. Sap.

ɛ-m ́nyɔrr

́nyɔ̂rr. Acc pl: i-mínyorrí. Nom pl: i-mínyorrí. [North] Nom pl: mínyorrî. n. 1 • Part of animal's intestine. 2 • [North] Abomasum (fourth compartment of stomach) in ruminants; "rennet bag". 3 • [North] Duodenum in humans.

m ́ŋáni

Nom sg: ɛ-m

Nom sg: mɨŋaní. Acc pl: m

́ŋánta. Nom pl: mɨŋantá. [North] Acc pl: m ́ŋának. [North] Nom pl: mɨŋanák. adj. 1 • Blunt. 2 • Deaf. 3 • Dumb. 4 • [North] Stubborn. Etymology: Proto-Ongamo-Maa *mɪŋanɪ 'blunt' (Vossen 1989:195).. Note: Possibly related to Proto-Southern Nilotic *minaŋ 'small'. Southern Nilotic form taken from Ehret 2001:285

a-itimiŋán v.cause. To make blunt; deafen. a-itimiŋanúó v.cause v.mid. To remain adamant, deaf; disobedient. a-mɨŋanú v.incep. To become blunt, deaf. Kɛ́mɨŋánu. He will become deaf. (S). Kɛ́t ́m ́ŋana. He became deaf. (S). a-mɨŋanú v. 1 • To become blunt. 2 • To

become deaf. 3 • To become dumb. See: m ́ŋáni ‘Blunt, deaf, dumb’. e-mión [North] Acc sg: m ɔ̂̂ n, míón. [North] Nom sg: m ́ɔ́n. n. 1 • Pain. mé ‘To feel pain’. 2 • [North] The contractions of childbirth. See: a-saɨsá ́ [North] ‘To be in labour’.

See: a-

a-m ́r1 v.prog. 1 • To chase. Áát ́m ́ra iyíé. I (have) chased you (sg). Át ́m ́ra nɨnyɛ́. I (have) chased him. Át ́m ́ra ɨntá ́. I (have) chased y'all. Át ́m ́ra nɨncɛ́. I (have) chased them. Ɨt́ ́m ́ra iyíóók. You (sg. have) chased us. Ɨt́ ́m ́ra nɨncɛ́. You (sg. have) chased them. Áatɨmɨrá. He (has) chased me. Káatɨmɨrá ltɔ́mɛ. An elephant (has) chased me. (S). K ́t ́m ́ra. (1) He (has) chased you (sg). (2) You (sg) chased

me. Ɛt ́m ́rá nɨnyɛ́. He (has) chased him. (W). Ɛt ́m ́rá íyíóók. He (has) chased us. (W). Ɛt ́m ́rá ɨntá ́. He (has) chased y'all. (W). Ɛt ́m ́rá nɨncɛ́. He (has) chased them. (W). K ́tɨmɨrâ iyíé. We (have) chased you (sg). K ́tɨmɨrâ nɨnyɛ́. We (have) chased him. K ́tɨmɨrâ ɨntá ́. We (have) chased y'all. K ́tɨmɨrâ nɨncɛ́. We (have) chased them. K ́t ́m ́râ nánʉ́. Y'all (have) chased me. Ɨt́ ́m ́râ nɨnyɛ́. Y'all (have) chased him. Ɨt́ ́m ́râ iyíóók. Y'all (have) chased us. Ɨt́ ́m ́râ nɨncɛ́. Y'all (have) chased them. Áatɨmɨrâ. They (have) chased me. K ́t ́m ́râ. They (have) chased you (sg.). Ɛt ́m ́râ nɨnyɛ́. They (have) chased him. (W). Ɛt ́m ́râ íyíóók. They (have) chased us. (W). Ɛt ́m ́râ ɨntá ́. They (have) chased y'all. (W). Ɛt ́m ́râ nɨncɛ́. They (have) chased them. (W). Ɛm ́r ́ta ɨlŋátunyo olóítíkó. The lions are chasing the zebra. (W). Áám ́r ́ta iyíé. I am chasing you (sg). Ám ́r ́ta nɨnyɛ́. I am chasing him. Ám ́r ́ta ɨntá ́. I am chasing y'all. Ám ́r ́ta nɨncɛ́. I am chasing them. K ́m ́r ́ta nánʉ́. You ́ ́r ́ta nɨnyɛ́. You (sg.) are chasing (sg.) are chasing me. Ɨm ́ ́r ́ta iyíóók. You (sg.) are chasing us. Ɨm ́ ́r ́ta him. Ɨm nɨncɛ́. You (sg.) are chasing them. Áɑ̀mɨrɨta. He is chasing me. K ́m ́r ́ta. He is chasing you (sg.). Ɛmɨr ́ta. He is chasing s.o. Ɛm ́r ́ta iyíóók. He is chasing us. (W). Ɛm ́r ́ta ɨntá ́. He is chasing y'all. (W). Ɛm ́r ́ta nɨncɛ́. He is chasing them. (W). Áamɨrɨta nánʉ́. They are chasing me. Ɛm ́r ́ta iyíóók. They are chasing us. (W). K ́m ́r ́ta iyíé. They are chasing you (sg.). Ɛm ́r ́ta nɨnyɛ́.́ They are chasing him. (W). Ɛm ́r ́ta ɨntá ́. They are chasing y'all. (W). Ɛm ́r ́ta nɨncɛ́. They are chasing them. (W). K ́mɨrɨta iyíé. We are chasing you (sg.). K ́mɨrɨta nɨnyɛ́. We are chasing him. K ́mɨrɨta ɨntá ́. We are chasing y'all. K ́mɨrɨta nɨncɛ́. We are chasing ́ ́r ́táta them. K ́m ́r ́táta nánʉ́. Y'all are chasing me. Ɨm

́ ́r ́táta iyíóók. Y'all are nɨnyɛ́. Y'all are chasing him. Ɨm ́ ́r ́táta nɨncɛ́. Y'all are chasing them. chasing us. Ɨm Káatɨmɨrá ltɔ́mɛ. An elephant chased me. (S). Nɛ́mɨr ɔlmʉrraní ɔltásat. And the warrior ran after the old man. Ám ́r ́ta ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ nakuɛt ́ta. I am chasing a cow which is running. Ɛtɨm ́rákā oldîâ ɛncɛrɛ́rɛ̄t atûâ entîm. The dog chased the monkey into the bush. (W). amɨrarɛ́ esíáai To chase after a job (lead). amɨrarɛ́ induáát To chase after visions. amɨrarɛ́ iyieunót To chase after wishes. ́ ĺ â apá ɨlMaasá ́ ilorérēn ɔɔ́tɨmɨrâ. 2 • To defeat, rout. Ɛɛ The Maasai assimilated the people they defeated in war. See: aɨtɨmɨrrɨm ́rr ‘To act as if you want to give but don't’.

a-mɨraá To chase away, chase off. a-m ́r2 v.prog. To sell. Ám ́r ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. I will sell a cow. Át ́m ́ra ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. I sold the cow. Áatɨmɨrá ɛnk ́tɛŋ. The cow sold me. Ɨt́ ́m ́ra ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. You (sg.) sold the cow. Ɨt́ ́m ́râ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. Y'all sold the cow. K ́t ́m ́ra ɛnk ́tɛŋ. The cow sold you (sg.). K ́t ́m ́rákā ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. You sold me the cow. Áatɨmɨraká n ́nyɛ ɨlnyɛ́nya. He sold me tomatoes. (W). Áatɨmɨrakɨtâ n ́ncɛ ɨlnyɛ́nya. They sold me tomatoes. (W). K ́tɨmɨrakɨtâ átɛ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. We sold ourselves tomatoes. (W). Áát ́m ́ráká iyíé ɨlnyɛ́nya. I sold you (sg) tomatoes. (W). Át ́m ́rákā ɨntá ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. I sold y'all tomatoes. (W). Ɛɨtʉ́ am ́r ɨlnyɛ́nya ŋolé. I did not sell tomatoes yesterday. (W). Ɛɨtʉ́ ɨm ́r ɨlnyɛ́nya ŋolé. You (sg) did not sell tomatoes yesterday. (W). Ɛɨtʉ́ ɛ́m ̂r ɨlnyɛ́nya ŋolé. He/They did not sell tomatoes yesterday. (W). Ɛɨtʉ́ k ́m ̂r ɨlnyɛ́nya ŋolé. We did not sell tomatoes yesterday. (W). Ɛɨtʉ́ ɨmɨrɨm ́rɨ ɨlnyɛ́nya ŋolé. Y'all did not sell tomatoes yesterday. (W). Át ́m ́rákā nɨnyɛ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. I sold him tomatoes. (W). Ɛt ́m ́rá ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. He sold the cow. (W).

Ɛt ́m ́râ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. They sold the cow. (W). Ám ́r ́ta ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ to sókoni toó ropiyianí kumók. I am selling a cow in the market for a lot of money. Ám ́r ́ta ɛnkɨlâ sídáí. I am selling a beautiful cloth. Ám ́r ́ta ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. I am selling the ́ ́r ́ta ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. You are selling the cow. K ́m ́rákɨ cow. Ɨm ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. You are selling the cow to me. Ɛm ́r ́ta ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. He is selling the cow. (W). Áamɨrak ́ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. He is selling ́ ́rákɨ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ nɨnyɛ́. You are selling the the cow to me. Ɨm cow to him. K ́mɨrɨta ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. We are selling the cow. K ́mɨrɨta ɨlnyɛ́nya ŋolé. We were selling tomatoes. (W). ́ ́r ́táta ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. Y'all are selling the cow. Ám ́r ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. Ɨm ́ ́r ɨlnyɛ́nya oshî aké. You sell tomatoes I will sell a cow. Ɨm ́ ́r ́m ́rɨ ɨlnyɛ́nya oshî aké. Y'all sell everyday. (W). Ɨm tomatoes everyday. (W). Kɨm ́r ɨlnyɛ́nya oshî aké. We sell tomatoes everyday. (W). Áám ́rákɨ ɨlnyɛ́nya. I sell you (sg) tomatoes. (W). Ám ́rákɨ ɨntá ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. I sell y'all tomatoes. (W). Ám ́rákɨ nɨnyɛ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. I sell him tomatoes. (W). K ́m ́rákɨ íyīē ɨlnyɛ́nya. You sell me ́ ́rákɨ Malakai ɨlnyɛ́nya. You sell/sold tomatoes. (W). Ɨm Malakai tomatoes. (W). K ́m ́rák ́kɨ ́ntā ̄ ɨlnyɛ́nya. Y'all sell me tomatoes. (W). Áamɨrak ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. They/he sells me tomatoes. (W). K ́mɨrak ́ átɛ́ ɨlnyɛ́nya. We sell ourselves the tomatoes. (W). Ɛt ́m ́rá ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. He sold the cow. (W). Ɛt ́m ́râ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. They sold the cow. (W). Kéírímo apá ɔlapá ashê ɔ́tɨmɨrá mpapá. The calf that Dad sold was ́ ́r ́ta ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. You (sg.) are selling the cow. spotted. Ɨm K ́m ́rák ́ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. You are selling the cow to me. Ɛm ́r ́ta ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. He is selling the cow. (W). Áamɨrak ́ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. He ́ ́rákɨ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ nɨnyɛ́. You (sg.) is selling the cow to me. Ɨm are selling the cow to him. K ́mɨrɨta ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. We are selling ́ ́r ́táta ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. Y'all are selling the cow. the cow. Ɨm

Entómónísho doí námitikí kʉl ́kā ̄ máréíta ɛ́pâl inkíshú mɛ́m ́ra. It is because of the many children that

some families cannot avoid selling cows. (lit: It is having many children that prevents other families from stopping to sell cows.) (Pk). Áyíéú nám ̄r ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. I want to sell a cow.

ɛ-m ́rátá1 ɛ-m ́rátá2 sell’.

[North] Nom sg: mɨratá. n. Rout, [North] Nom sg: mɨratá. n. Sale,

L-mírícóí [North]

chase.

See: a-m

sales, selling.

́r ‘To chase’.

See: a-m

́r ‘To

[North] Nom sg: L-miricóí. [North] Acc pl: L-m

́rɨcɔ́. [North] Nom pl: L-m ́rɨcɔ́. n. [North] Age-set which was initiated in 1912.

ɛ-m ́r ́ká Nom sg: ɛ-mɨrɨká. n. Syphillis. ɛ-m ́sa Nom sg: ɛ-m ́sâ. Acc pl: ɨ-m ́saí. Nom pl: ɨ-m ́saí. n. 1 • Table. 2 • Shelf

for keeping utensils. Borrowed word: Swahili meza, mesa 'table', from Portuguese mesa. See: l-tʉ́kʉtán [North] ‘room, shelf’.

misigîn [North] word: Swahili

Acc pl: misiginó. n. [North]

maskini.

Poor person.

Borrowed

mísígínísho [North] n. [North] Poverty. ol-misígiyíôî Acc pl: il-misígiyio. n. Tree, associated with sacred or ritual purposes; associated with giving a child its first proper name. The leaves of this tree can also be used for washing calabashes; the fruits are small (red lentil-like?) and edible.

a-misimís

v.s. To

be dark without light. This does not refer to a ́ color. Ɨnuáá ɔltáa amʉ̂ kímísímís doí áji. Light the lamp because it is dark here in the house. (Pk). Eyéwuo taá nɨnyɛ́ ɛwaŋán amʉ̂ kímísímís náají. Lightness has come because it was dark awhile ago. (Pk).

a-misimisú v.incep. To become dark. ol-misimísi Nom sg: mísimísī. n. Darkness. Eéuo olákúyia tɛ mísimísī ŋolé. The old man came in the darkness (ie. at

night) yesterday. (W). See: ɛn-á ́mɨn ‘Darkness’.

e-misimísī Darkness. Áúré emisimísī olêŋ. I really fear the darkness. (W). See: ɛn-á ́mɨn ‘Darkness’; n-kwaríé [North] ‘Darkness’.

e-míso [West]

n.sg. [West]

itched all night. (W).

a-mɨsh ́r

Night. Atáŋéyio emíso pɔɔk ́. I

v. To

burn a symbol onto an animal to show ownership; brand. See: ɛ-m ́sh ́rarɛ ‘Branding’; ɔl-m ́sh ́rɛ́ ‘Brand mark, branding iron’.

ɛ-m ́sh ́rarɛ

n. Branding. See: ɔl-m

a-mɨsh ́r ‘To brand’.

ɔl-m ́sh ́rɛ́

́sh ́rɛ́ ‘Brand mark, branding iron’;

Nom sg: ɔl-mɨshɨrɛ́. Acc pl: ɨl-mɨsh

́rɛ̄n. Nom pl: ɨl-m ́shɨrɛ́n. [North] Acc sg: l-m ́nc ́rɛ́. [North] Acc pl: l-mɨnc ́rɛn. n. 1 • Brand mark. 2 • Branding iron. See: a-mɨsh ́r ‘To brand’; ɛ-m ́sh ́rarɛ ‘Branding’.

a-mít v. 1 • To prevent. Ɛg ́ra ɔlɔ́ ́rrâg lɛ́ nkárɛ́ amitikí ɨltʉ́ŋáná ɛ ́m enkuséro. The floods are preventing people from passing the plains. (Pk).

refuse, deny, forbid. Memítōyī ndáâ ɛ́ látím. Food in a ceremony cannot be denied. (SN). See: a-ány ‘To refuse, forbid’. 2 • To

a-mitikí To refuse to give s.o. sth.; forbid; prevent. Entómónísho doí námitikí kʉl ́ká ́ máréíta ɛpal inkíshú mɛ́m ́ra. It is because of the many children that

some families cannot avoid selling cows. (lit: It is having many children that prevents some families from stopping to sell cows.) (Pk). Átímítíka. I have refused to give it to him. (SN). Átómítíkīō. I have refused to give it to him. (K, PK).

a-m ́t1 v.prog. To drink all of sth. Ám ́t ́ta oloshoró tɛ nk ́kɔmpɛ peê á ́sʉj. I am drinking all the porridge from the cup so that I can wash it.

a-m ́t2 v. To go against s.o.'s wish or directive; disobey, deny, forbid. Ɛ́ ́tɔrrɔ́nɔ̂ tɛnɛ́mɨt ɛnkɛráí entóíwúóí ɛnyɛ́. It is bad

when a child go against his/her parent's wish or directive. lk.

a-m ́t [North]3 2 • [North]

v. 1 • [North]

To boil dry.

a-mɨtá [North] m ́tɨl

To go dry, dry up (of a pond or well).

v.mid. [North]

pond).

To be dried up, shrunk (as a

Nom sg: m

́t ̂l. adj. A place that is separated from or unfrequented by people; remote, secluded, lonely. ɛnkɔ́p m ́tɨl A secluded/remote/lonely land. See: ol-púrkél ‘A dry place’.

a-mitoó

apologise, make peace. Mol (1996:256) writes: "When a child has done wrong to its parents, or a wife to her husband, it or she will go to an influential friend of the aggrieved party. This friend usually is a member of the same age-set as the aggrievod [sic.] party Together they will go and make peace with the one or ones offended. This action is called a-mit-oo: to apologise, to make amends, to make peace. Men amongst each other will not follow this procedure. They settle their differences, disputes and grievances in the meeting of the elders: en-kiguena oo lpayiani kituaak.". See: a-mít ‘To deny’.

a-mitú

v.dir. To

defend, protect, assist, help. Káamitû. They will protect me (eg. by defeating the animal). (Pk). Etimítua peê mɛ́ár ́. He has defended him so that he could not be killed. (SN). See: a-mít ‘To deny’; a-ŋád ‘To protect’. v tr. To

ol-míwa [West]

Nom sg: ol-míwâ. n.sg. [West]

Sugar cane. word: Swahili miwa 'sugar cane'. See: ol-kikúá ‘Sugar cane’.

l-miyúgo [North]

Borrowed

[North] Nom sg: l-míyugo. n. [North]

Spoon. See: olkutét ‘Spoon’; l-mérísíé [North] ‘Traditional spoon’. Etymology: < Swahili.

ḿmɛ

neg. Negative,

not. ḿmɛ olêŋ not very much (W). Á ́táá

ɔlɑigúɛ́nani, káke nálotú ayiolóú ajó ḿmɛ nɨnyɛ́. I

assumed he was the "chief"; and then I came to know he was not the one. (W). Meyíéú ɨlMaasá ́ ɔlayíóni lɛ́ ḿmɛ ɔlɛ̂ nkáŋ ɛ t ́pat nɛ́ākʉ̄ ɔlaigúɛ́nani. Maasai's do not want a

son who is not of a popular home to be the age-set-leader. (KS). Ḿmɛ ɛ ́látá á ́nɔ́s ́ta dúó. It is not fat that I was eating. (W). Enkíné ɛná, ḿmɛ enkérr. This is a goat, not a sheep.

Ŋá ́ óyīēū kʉlɛ́? Ḿmɛ nánʉ́, ḿmɛ iyíé, ḿmɛ iyíóók.

Who wants milk? Not me, not you, not us. (W). See: m- ‘Negative verb prefix’.

a-mɔ́d

[North]: a-mád. v. 1 • To

make s.o. behave in a stupid way; fool. 2 • To get little pieces of sth. with idea of making sth. big out of them. See: a-mɔdá ‘To be stupid’; ɨl-mɔdɛ́ta ‘Little pieces of meat’; a-kíl ‘Make s.o. stupid’; ol-kílóí ‘Stupid person’.

a-mɔdá

v.mid. 1 • To

be dull-witted.

be foolish. Ɛmɔ́da. i) He is stupid/dull-witted (doesn't understand things). ii) He is foolish. 3 • To loose memory, have dementia. Ant: ŋɛ̂n ‘Clever’. See: amadá ‘To be insane’; ɛ-mɔdâî ‘Foolishness, ignorace’; ɔlmɔ́dáí ‘Fool’. 2 • To

ɛ-mɔdâî

Nom sg: ɛ-mɔ́dai. n.sg. 1 • Foolishness.

2 • Ignorance. 3 • Stupidity.

Ɛ́ ́tɔrrɔ́nɔ̂ ɛmɔ́dai. Stupidity is bad. See: a-

mɔdá ‘To be foolish, dull-witted’; ɔl-mɔ́dáí ‘Fool’.

ɔl-mɔ́dáí

Nom sg: ɔl-mɔdáí. Acc pl: ɨl-mɔ́da. Nom pl: ɨl-mɔ́dâ. n. Fool,

idiot, stupid person. See: ɛ-mɔdâî ‘Foolishness, ignorance’; amɔdá ‘To be foolish, dull-witted’.

ɛ-mɔdɛ́t

Nom sg: ɛ-mɔ́dɛt. Acc pl: ɨ-mɔdɛ́ta. Nom pl: ɨ-mɔ́dɛta. n.

1 • Prophecy

conditions.

point, marking point. ... ɛ́táá inewúéji ɛ́ mɔ́dɛ́t dúóó nɛ́rɨsh ɨlpórórî ... that is the marking point to divide age groups. 2 • Dividing

ɔl-mɔdɛ́t

Nom sg: ɔl-mɔ́dɛt. Acc pl: ɨl-mɔdɛ́ta. Nom pl: ɨl-mɔ́dɛta. n.

Usage: plural. Small

of sth.’.

pieces of meat.

See: a-mɔ́d ‘To

get small pieces

ɨ-mɔdɛ́ta e-modíêî

n.pl. Charms,

fetish.

Variant: e-modíôî. Nom sg: e-módíei. Acc pl: ɨ-modíók. Nom pl: ɨ-

módiok. [North] Acc pl: modíó. [North] Nom pl: módio. n. Dung from a grazing animal whose droppings are not well-formed and which shows pieces of grass, often with fluid (eg. elephant, cow, buffalo, eland). See: in-kíík ‘Faeces’.

mɔdɔkɔ́ [North]

sg: mɔ́dɔkɔ́. Acc

Nom

pl: mɔdɔkɔ̂n. Nom

pl: mɔ́dɔkɔ̂n. n. [North]

Boiled goats' or sheep's colostrum milk for children to eat when thick. See: kʉlɛ́ sikítok ‘Colostrum’.

a-modokú

become blind. Kɛ́modóku. He will become blind. (S). Kɛ́tomódoo. He became blind. (S). v. To

l-modokúé [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-módokúé. n. [North]

Agama lizard. Child's name for ll-mekûâ. See: l-mekûâ [North] ‘Lizard’.

e-módóó n. Blindness. See: módóóni ‘Blind’. ol-modoóni [North] Acc sg: l-mɔdɔ́ɔn ́ i. [North] Nom sg: l-mɔdɔɔní. [North] Acc pl: l-mɔ́dɔ̄ɔk ̄ ,

l-mɔ́dɔ́ɔk ́ . [North] Nom pl: l-mɔdɔɔ́k. n. 1 • [North] Blind

man. 2 • [North] Mouse bird. Colius striatus.

modoóni Blind person (female). módóóni Nom sg: modooní. Acc pl: módóók. Nom pl: modoók. [North] Acc

sg: mɔ́dɔ́ɔn ́ i. [North] Nom sg: mɔdɔɔní. [North] Acc pl: mɔ́dɔ́ɔk ́ . [North] Nom pl: mɔdɔɔ́k. adj. 1 • Blind. 2 • Unable

to understand the truth; ignorant. 3 • Unable to forsee or predict what is going to befall oneself. See: e-módóó ‘Blindness’.

e-mogílōī

[North] Acc sg: mogílôî. [North] Nom sg: mógilôî. [North] Acc

pl: mogóo. [North] Nom pl: mógilo. n. Burned

part of a meal stuck to the bottom of the cooking pot. See: en-kókonyî ‘Burned food suck on pot’.

l-mogírô [North]

Nom sg: l-mógirô. Acc pl: l-mogíron. Nom pl: l-

mógirón. n. [North] Curse. [North] ‘Curse’.

See: ɔl-dɛkɛ́t ‘Curse’; l-ŋóncóí

l-mógíró [North] [North] Nom sg: l-mogiró. n. [North] Eagle. ol-mógirra Nom sg: ol-mógîrra ?. Acc pl: il-mogirraní. Nom pl: ilmógirraní. n. Thumb, big toe.

l-móíla [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-móílâ. [North] Acc pl: l-móílan. [North]

Nom pl: l-móílân. n. 1 • [North] caudata. 2 • [North]

Lilac-breasted roller (bird).

Coracias

Beetle sp.

moilaa Nom sg: ɔl-móílaâ. n. Beetle. Ɛg ́ra ɔlmóílaâ aiwuatiwúát peê étûm ashɔ́mɔ. The beetle is moving back and forth so thatit may move. (Pk).

e-móínkêt e-móínyúá

n. Dug

out log for holding salt, for animals to lick.

Nom sg: e-moinyúá. Acc pl: i-móínyúáíshi. Nom pl: i-

moinyuaishí. [North] Acc sg: mónyúá. n. Liver.

móítíé

Nom sg: moitíé. n. 1 • Long

See: e-mónyúá ‘Liver’.

ago, ancient times.

N ́nya inkík ɨntaras ́ móítíé. And you will eat faeces forever. (KS). Kélotú ɔltʉ́ŋání ójé aɨtajéú apá tɛ moitíé. A certain person is coming to save them forever. (KS). a-mók v.s. To be accustomed to, be used to. Kotomóó alɛ́ díá elotú ayiayá ndáa tené. This dog has gotten used to coming here for food. (SN). Ńtomoó. Familiarize him/her 2 • Forever.

with it. (SN). This implies more than just verbal explanation, though it could involve talking. Kétómóo. He has gotten used to it. (S).

a-mokú v.incep. 1 • To become accustomed to, familiarized with. Kóótuo áamoku síáai. They have come to get used to the work. (SN). 2 • To get practice.

a-ɨtamók 1 • To acquaint with. Káítómok Leonard aná tóki. I will cause Leonard to get used to this thing. (eg. a new machine). (SN). 2 • To teach. 3 • To give more practice.

ol-mókómpét n. Hoe. See: ɔl-cɛ́mpɛ; en-turét ‘Hoe’. l-mókónkó [North] n. [North] Luck. a-ár l-mókónkó [North] [North] To try one's luck. ol-mókó(y)êt Nom sg: ol-moko(y)ét. Acc pl: il-moko(y)etí. Nom pl: ilmóko(y)etí. n. 1 • Rations. 2 • Ox kept for emergency or future needs.

ol-mokûâ

[North] Acc sg: l-mekúa. n. Lizard. See: ɛm-pʉ̂rr; ol-

oirrírri ‘Lizard’; l-karripô [North] ‘Lizard’; l-mɛlɛlɛ [Chamus] ‘Lizard’.

l-mɔlɛ́ca [North] joint.

[North] Nom sg: l-mɔ́lɛca. n. [North]

Mandibular

ɛ-mɔ́l ́nká

[North] Nom sg: mɔlɨnká. [North] Acc pl: mɔ́l

ol-mólógí ol-momôî

[North] Nom sg: l-mologí. [North] Acc pl: l-mólog. n. Leech.

pl: mɔ́lɨnkán. n. 1 • Lintel,

́nkân. [North] Nom

doorpost. 2 • [North] Roofbeam in a traditional house separating the entryway (l-túrén) from the sleeping area (l-ŋɔ́bɔ́rr). Wagner (p. 223) writes: "The mɔ́l ́nká and the lmarrɔ̂n intersect at right angles and are supported by the main pillar (l-ŋɔ́pɛ́). Both mɔ́l ́nká and lmarrɔ̂n are brought along when migrating, usually loaded on donkeys.". See: l-marrôî [North] ‘Frame sticks for house’. [North] Nom sg: l-mómoi. [North] Acc pl: l-momó. [North] Nom pl: l-

mómo. n. 1 • Tiny juicy tomato-like fruit, orangy-red in color that

grows on a shrub; has a taste rather like a ripe orange. 2 • [North] A tree whose fruit ldárpóí is used in making beer. Kigelia aethiopica. See: ol-dárpóí ‘Fruit (sp.)’; ɔl-ŋanayíóî ‘Fruit’.

l-mómúnjú [North]

n. [North]

mbáɛ ‘Secretary bird’.

Secretary bird.

See: lɛ́

a-món [North] v. [North] To request. See: a-omón ‘To request’. e-monâî Acc pl: ɨ-mʉná. n. Long earring(s), worn by male elders, or by women of any age.

a-mɔn ́r

́r. v. 1 • To twist. Ɛmɔn ́r. He will twist it. 2 • To wring out sth. to remove water. [North]: man

grab by the ear. Kátámán ́ra nkíyōōk. I grabbed the child by the ear. (S). 4 • To refuse s.o. after having promised sth. for a long time. Kátámán ́rɛ. I have finally refused you. (S). See: a-man ́r [North] ‘To twist sth.’; a-ɨrɨn; a-nunúk; a-pɨyáɨ ‘To twist’; aɨbɛlɛkɛ́ny ‘To turn around’. 3 • To

e-mónkóí

Nom sg: e-monkóí. Acc pl: i-mónko. Nom pl: i-mónkô. n. 1 • Lie,

lying, deception, exaggeration, trickery, treachery. Emónkóí tenéjo ɔltʉ́ŋání ɛmbáɛ nɛ́mɛ́s ́pa. It is a lie if s.o. says sth. untrue. 2 • [North] Tumor found on cattle; usually surgically removable. See: ɔl-áímónkoni ‘Liar’; ɛ-lɛ́járɛ́ ‘Lying, cheating’; e-sápáré ‘Lie’.

l-mónkôî [North]

[North] Nom sg: monkóí. [North] Acc pl: mónko. [North]

Nom pl: mónkô. n. 1 • [North]

A tumor found on catte; usually

surgically removable. 2 • [North] Lying, trickery, treachery. See: e-mónkóí ‘Lying; cattle tumor’. [North] Nom sg: l-mónkoi. [North] Acc pl: l-mónko. [North] Nom pl: lmónkô. 1 • [North] Antisocial person (eg. liar, thief, adulterer). Usage: pejorative. 2 • [North] A cattle disease. See: e-mónkóí ‘Lying; cattle tumor’.

ɛ-mɔ́ny ́tá

Nom sg: ɛ-mɔnyɨtá. Acc pl: ɨ-mɔ́ny ́t. Nom pl: ɨ-mɔny ́t. n.

Intestine (large or small); entrails. Kɛ́ ́sapʉ́k ́n ɨmony ́t ɛ́nyɛ. Its intestines are large.

e-mónyórít

??. Nom pl: imónyorití. n. 1 • Earring for newly circumcised girls; "marriage chain" ? 2 • [North] Sap. See: úrráúr ‘Earring for newly circumcised girls’.

e-mónyúá

Nom sg: e-monyorít. Acc pl: i-monyorití

[North] Nom sg: monyúá. [North] Acc pl: mónyúááci. [North] Nom

pl: monyuaací. n. Liver

móínyúá ‘Liver’.

ɨl-mɔ́ŋ ́

(of humans or animals).

See: e-

Nom pl: ɨl-mɔŋ .́ n. Castrated

bulls, usually kept for beef or for sale; oxen. Áló am ́r ɨlmɔ́ŋ ́ tááisére. I am going to sell the bulls tomorrow. Etymology: Proto-OngamoMaa *-mɔŋ-i (plural form), from Proto-TesoLotukoMaa *-mɔŋ-ɔ (Vossen 1989:196).. Usage: rare.

mɔ́ŋɔ́ Cow. See: ɔl-ɔɨŋɔ́ni ‘Bull’. ɔl-mɔ́ŋɔ́1 Nom sg: ɔl-mɔŋɔ́. Acc pl: ɨl-móŋí. Nom pl: ɨl-moŋí. [North] Acc sg: lmóŋó. [North] Nom sg: l-moŋó. [North] Acc pl: l-móŋí. [North] Nom pl: lmoŋí. n. Bull which has been castrated as a calf; ox. See: ɔsátima ‘Ox castrated later in life’.

ɔl-mɔ́ŋɔ́ lɛ́ nkɔlɔ́ŋ an ox taken to the father-in-law as part of dowry, usually for selling. ɔɨŋɔ́nɨ ‘Uncastrated bull’.

ɔl-mɔ́ŋɔ́2

See: l-bʉŋá

́kɔ ‘Ox’; ɔl-k ́tɛ́ŋ ‘Ox’; ɔl-

Nom sg: ɔl-mɔŋɔ́. Acc pl: ɨl-móŋóíshi. Nom pl: ɨl-moŋoishí. n.

The bit of milk that is politely left remaining in the gourd, rather than drink the gourd empty. Etuŋúátie ɨlmʉ́rrân ɨlmóŋóíshi peê ɛɨd ́p áatook kʉlɛ́. The warriors left bits of milk after drinking the milk.

moókīrē adv. No longer. Nélo n ́nyɛ atɔ́n tɔlpʉ́ra ɛtaá moókīrē ɛɨd ́m aɨtáshō nɛ́mɛ́ókīrē ɛɨd ́m aɨrrága. He went to sit on the bare ground when he was no longer able to stand and when he was not able to lie down. Syn: (i)meékūrē

‘No longer’.

L-móoló [North]

n.m n.pl. [North]

[North]; The Elmolo tribe.

The Elmolo tribe.

See: L-dɛ̂s

ɛ-mɔɔndɔ̂ n. Basket. See: ɛn-kɨɔndɔ̂ ‘Basket’. móor [North] Nom sg: moór. Acc pl: móorrí. Nom pl: moorrí. n. [North] Lamb slaughtered for cleansing a house after a woman gives birth. See: ol-kípókét ‘Lamb slaughtered for cleansing’.

ɛ-mɔ́ɔtíán

Nom sg: ɛ-mɔ́ɔtíán. Acc pl: ɨ-mɔɔtianí. Nom pl: ɨ-mɔ́ɔtianí. n.

́ Quiver. Ɨncɔɔ́ kɨ ɛmbáɛ natíí ɛndâ mɔ́ɔtíán. Give me an arrow that is in that quiver. (Pk). See: n-kírímpáí [North] ‘Quiver’.

a-mór

v. 1 • To

abuse. This is a very strong form of abuse, usually involving sex and relatives, eg. 'You made your sister entáápátá.'. 2 • To insult, verbally abuse (eg. by defaming s.o.'s female relative), blaspheme. See: a-dɛ́k ‘To curse, insult’.

a-morishó To be crude, vulgar. ɔltʉŋáni omórīshō A person Moríjō

who is crude, vulgar.

Nom sg: Mórijo. n.prop. Old

names for this place are Shímélók and Meirrúgōī.Place name behind the hills north of Lemek, Narok District, Kenya.

ol-móríjóí

Nom sg: ol-morijóí. Acc pl: ɨl-moríjo. Nom pl: ɨl-mórijo. [North]

Acc sg: l-móríjôî. [North] Acc pl: l-moríjo. [North] Nom pl: l-mórijo. n.m. 1 • Male

human who is older than some comparison group, typically a senior warrior and more rarely a senior boy. Eétuo ɨláyiok erikito olmorijóí. The boys came led by the oldest boy. 2 • [North] Senior warrior. See: ol-ŋéétíáí ‘Older warrior’; moríjōī1 ‘Scarlet, marroon, deep-red’.

moríjōī1

Nom sg: mórijóí. Acc pl: moríjo. Nom pl: mórijo. adj. Scarlet,

maroon, deep red, purple. Orŋanayíói moríjōī ɛɛ́ta olámuríáki. The Olamuriaki tree has maroon fruits. (Pk).

ol-moríjōī2

Nom sg: ol-mórijóí. Acc pl: il-moríjo. Nom pl: il-mórijo. [North]

Acc sg: l-moríjôî. [North] Nom sg: l-mórijóí. [North] Acc pl: l-moríjo. [North] Nom pl: l-mórijo. n. Poison

arrow tree. apocynaceae, Acocanthera. The fruits of this tree are edible and are called ilmoríjo oó otô. The leaves are extremely poisonous and are boiled to make a poison for arrows.

e-mórlóó

Acc pl: i-mórlóíshi. n. Tendon,

kírnyanyî ‘Tendon, muscle’.

l-mórogô [North]

ligament.

See: ɛn-

[North] Acc pl: l-morogoní. n. [North]

to tie up kids, lambs, etc.

l-mɔrɔ́gʉrɔ́gi [North]

Cord used

[North] Nom sg: l-márɔbʉrɔ́gi. [North] Acc pl: l-

mɔrɔ́gʉrɔ́g. n. [North] Adam's apple.

ol-moroí [South]

n. [South]

Large calabash for brewing beer. Syn: ɛ-mála ‘Brewing calabash’.

e-móróré

n. Crude,

e-mórótó

[North] Nom sg: morotó. [North] Acc pl: morót. [North] Nom

vulgar, speaking about sexual matters. This word itself is not bad. See: a-mór ‘To abuse’. pl: morót. n. 1 • Insult,

abuse. In S this this may especially indicate an insult with sexual connotations about a female relative. 2 • Blasphemy. See: a-mór ‘To insult’.

ol-morú n. Hard stone, hard rock. See: o-sóít ‘Stone’. moruankɛ́ Nom sg: móruankɛ́. n. Old one. Kélotú móruankɛ́. The old one will come (person, car, etc.).

mórúáó

n. Elderhood.

elderhood.

ilosekîn lɛ́ mórúáó the wangles of

a-morúáʉ́ v. To grow old. See: móruo; ol-móruo ‘Old, old man’. móruo Nom sg: ol-mórûô. Acc pl: il-móruak. Nom pl: il-mórûâk. [West] Nom sg: mórūō. adj. Restrict: living things. adj. Old (in age). Ɛshɔmɔ́ ɔlpáyian mórûô. The old man left. (W). Ɛshɔ́mɔ olóiboni aɨtɔb ́r olmóruo omúéí. The medicine-man has gone to

divine and fix (the problem of) the old sick man. (Pk). Etúúróri ɛldɛ́ shɛ́tá tɛ nkárakɛ́ ɛtamórua. That tree has fallen because it has become old. (W). See: bótór ‘Old’; amorúáʉ́ ‘To grow old’; arrárrɨ; mʉsána ‘Old’.

ol-móruo

n.

2 • adj. Old

man, married elder. See: l-c ́râî [North] ‘Unmarried

elder’. 3 • adj. Husband. 4 • adj. Man.

osúkí lóó móruo callous man (Pk). See: ɔl-

payíán ‘Elder, husband’.

mórusásin

n.pl. 1 • Thin

stones. 2 • July. During July the rain drops are purportedly thin. See: olmorú ‘Stone’; sâs ‘Emaciated’; ɨl-apaitín ‘Months’.

a-mórr v. To insult. See: a-dɛ́k; a-inyál ‘To insult’. a-morroój v. To have a rough rash, marked by lumps or bumps. Némorroóju, néílubulúbu, nɛ́dānyā aɨɔtɨɔtá, nétīū ánaa ɨlpɛpɛ́dɔ. It becomes rough/lumpy, it becomes blistery, it (they) bursts and it (they) becomes like scabies. (Pk). Kémōrrōōj ɔlmʉrraní. The warrior has a rash (on his skin). See: a-rrɨrr ́ ‘To have rough skin’.

e-morroójī n. Rash, that looks like "rushes". L-mɔsɨaát [North] n.pl n.prop. [North] A clan in the L-másʉla phratry.

L-mɔsɨát [North] n.prop. [North] Clan in the Lmásʉ́lá phratry. ol-mosorî1 Variant: ol-mósorî. Nom sg: ol-mósorî. Acc pl: il-mósor. Nom pl: il-mósôr. n. 1 • Egg.

Etoíwúó emótonyî ɨlmósōr. The bird has laid eggs. 2 • Zero.

Enótō

ɛnkáyíóní olmosorî tɛ ntɛmatá. The boy got a zero on his exam. Note: Mol says that this noun is used to indicate zero, but it seems that it is used this way based on the shape of the Roman numeral zero, not the concept of the number zero; dn confirms this.

e-mosorî Egg; small egg.

ol-mosorî2 1 • Big

See: ɛn-k

́páí ‘Contents of egg’; m-bolibóli [North] ‘Egg’.

Nom sg: ol-mosorî. Acc pl: il-mosorîn. Nom pl: il-mósorîn. n.

gourd. See: ɛn-dʉ́kʉ̄ny ‘Calabash for storing milk’. 2 • [North] Enlargment or swelling of the testicles, due to sexually transmitted disease.

e-motí

Nom sg: e-móti. Acc pl: i-motíoo(k). Nom pl: i-mótioo(k). [North] Acc

pot. Kéúdó nɨnyɛ́ ɛná móti. This cooking pan has a hole. (Pk). See: subúria ‘Cooking pot’; en-téreét ‘Pot’; e-mabáti ‘Metal cooking pot’. 2 • [North] Clay or earthen pot, traditionally used especially for cooking meat. pl: motío. [North] Nom pl: mótio. n. 1 • Cooking

ol-motí

[North] Acc pl: l-motíō. [North] Nom pl: l-mótīō. 1 • Pipe

for smoking tobacco. This pike is made from a small en-kúkúrí, and was traditionally only used by women, especially when they had just given birth. aók olmotí To smoke a pipe. 2 • Pot-hole in river. 3 • Deep pit.

4 • Well.

5 • Container.

e-motí oó nkulupúók

óō nkulupúók. Acc pl: imotíóōk oó nkulupúók. Nom pl: i-mótiook óō nkulupúók. n. Clay pot. See: l-kʉ́natɛ [North] ‘Small clay pot’.

e-motokáā

Nom sg: e-mótī

Nom sg: e-mótokáā. Acc pl: i-motokaaní. Nom pl: i-

mótokaaní. [West] Nom sg: e-mútukáa. n. Motor-car, automobile.

Áló sukúul tááisére tɔɔ́ ɨnkɛjɛ́k amʉ̂ tɔrɔ́nɔ̂ emútukáa áî. I will go to school tomorrow walking because my car is bad (ie. not mechanically functioning well). (W). Etymology: < English motor-car ‘motor-car’.

e-mótonyî

Nom sg: e-mótonyî. Acc pl: i-motónyī. Nom pl: i-mótonyí.

motónyī. n. 1 • Bird. Kéló oshî emótonyí tɛ aí. The bird flies. 2 • [North] Big bird (general); bird of prey. For S, mótonyî is about the size of a vulture or stork, and is bigger than e-kúenyî. Subtypes include (among others): See: lúgut; márg ́rɔ́ ;́ sákérí; nányâ nkík; [North] l-kílérua; matɔ́rɔg ;̂ n-árrɔ́ɔn ́ cɔ̂ ‘Bird (of prey; various subtypes)’; ɔl-kʉ́rrʉk ‘Crow’. [North] Nom pl: mótony,

ol-mótonyî

1 • Large

bird. 2 • Sheet lightning. 3 • Eagle shoulder cape. 4 • Headdress of bird's feathers worn by warriors. See: enkúenyî ‘Bird’.

́ i-motorí Nom pl: i-motóri. n.pl. Soup. Ɨntalamá ́ ɛnâ kɛ́rá ́ dalût amʉ̂ kéíbukóó kʉnâ motorí. Keep off this mischevious child, because he will pour out this soup. (Pk).

e-motórokî

n. Duck.

e-mówúó

n. Horn

Nom sg: e-mótórokî. Acc pl: ɨ-mɔtɔ́rɔk. Nom pl: ɨ-mɔ́rɔrɔk??.

Nom sg: e-mowúó. Acc pl: ɨ-mówúárák. Nom pl: ɨ-mowuarák.

(of any animal). Cow's horns were formerly used as elders'

drinking vessels.

See: e-sékekua ‘Horn’.

il-moyekîn n.pl. Calves. i-móyog n.pl. Partly-digested stomach contents; stomach dirt. móyógí [North] [North] Nom sg: moyogí. [North] Acc pl: móyog. [North] Nom pl: móyôg. n. [North]

The partially digested and somewhat liquid mass of food that is forced into the small intestine; chyme.

e-moyíán

Acc pl: i-moyianti. [North] Acc sg: mɔyíán. [North] Nom

sg: mɔ́yîân. [North] Acc pl: moyiaritín. [North] Nom pl: móyiaritín. n.

Disease, sickness. Ɛtámúyíá ɨlɔ́ páyian nélauní ́nâ

moyíán ɛnyɛ́, kájó kétíí ɔltʉ́ŋání ɔ́shɔmɔ́ asakút.

That old man became sick and the disease was not established, maybe somebody bewitched him. (W). Einósúáá oláyíóní

ajó emúóyíáa inkíshu aa taá emoyíán oó mbɛ́nɛ́k.

The boy has reported that the cows are sick; that is, (by) the disease caused by (eating of) leaves. (W). See: a-múóí ‘To be sick’; a-múáí [North] ‘To be sick’.

mpápá e-múá

n.voc. Term

of address used by wife for her father-in-law.

[mwá] Nom sg: e-múa. Acc pl: i-múain. Nom pl: i-múâîn. [North] Nom

sg: múá. [North] Acc pl: múáin. [North] Nom pl: múáîn. n. 1 • Colour,

pigment, shade of colour. Kɛ́dɔ emúa ɔ́ sárgɛ́. The colour of bood is red. (Pk). Kɛ́áta aná anká múáin kúmōk. This cloth has many colours. Kɛ́áta ɛndá k ́tɛŋ emúá nayíáā? Which color does that cow have? kind. Káa múá ɔɔ́ nkɨlánī esidáí tó sírûâ lɛ́ nkɨamá? What (i) colour/(ii) sort of clothes are good for the wedding celebration? Emúá sidáí ɛná óo nikíshú. This is a good (i) breed/(ii) color of cows. Éísīdāī ɛná múá ɛ́ ná búku amʉ̂ ɛ́ ́dɔ̄rrɔ̄p. This sort of book is good because it is short. Emúá tɔrrɔ́nɔ̂ ɔ́ lcaní oleléshūā te néítobiríéki iloríkān. Oleleshua is a bad type of tree from which to make 2 • Sort,

chairs. ɨltʉ́ŋáná lɔɔ́ múain pɔɔk ́ (i) People of all (skin) colours (ii) People of all characters/habits/types. ɨltʉ́ŋáná lɔɔ́ múain pɔɔk ́: ilkírikó, ilpúrishó, ɔ́ lárámátak people of all types: vagabonds, thieves, and farmers (lit: people of all colors: vagabonds, theieves, and farmers). i-múâîn 'colors' can also metaphorically refer to different human character or personality types: Kétíī ɨltʉŋaná lɔ́ɔ ̄ múain kúmōk ɨlMáásâ ̂. There are people of many different characters among the Maasai. (lit: There are people of many colors (among the) Maasai.). 3 • [North] Appearance. See: Parmúain ‘The one of many colors; God’.

ol-muaáte

Nom sg: ol-múáate. Acc pl: il-muaatení. Nom pl: il-múaatení.

n. Deserted

or abandoned settlement; ruin. See: míjóóni ‘Abandoned’.

e-muaáte Deserted or abandoned settlement; ruin. ɔl-múáátɛ́ Acc pl: il-muaatení. n. 1 • [North] Calf pen, either a

temporary shelter or in the homestead. See: ɔl-álɛ́ ‘Calf pen’; amúát ‘To enfold’. 2 • [North] Deserted kraal. Usage: singular. 3 • Ruins. Usage: pl.

a-múáí [North] sick’.

[àmwáí] v. [North]

a-itomúáí [North]

To be sick.

See: a-múéí ‘To

To make sick. 2 • [North] To make well; treat, heal.

be

1 • [North]

a-muayí [North] v.incep. [North] To become sick. a-múát [àmwát] v. 1 • To fold. 2 • To surround, embrace, enfold. Támuata! Surround it! 2 • [North] To fasten a bracelet on the forearm. Tómuata! Fasten it! (S).

e-múátátá

Nom sg: e-muatatá. Acc pl: i-muatát. Nom pl: i-muatát. n.

Sheep and goat pen; fold. Átóduaa olkileléŋi lé nkérr tɛ muatatá. I have seen a spherical dung ball of a sheep in the fold. (Pk). See: ɔl-álɛ́ ‘Pen for young animals’.

muatɛ́t [North]

[North] Nom sg: múátɛt. [North] Acc pl: muatɛ́ta. [North]

Nom pl: múátɛta. n. [North]

Metal tool used for attaching metal anklets (formerly made of bone). See: a-múát ‘To fold’.

múda

Nom sg: mudá. n. Time.

Káke ḿmɛ siî mudá nalákua. But

it is not a long time ago.

e-mudóŋ

Nom sg: e-múdoŋ. Acc pl: i-mudóŋo. Nom pl: i-múdoŋo. [North]

Acc sg: mʉdɔ́ŋ. [North] Nom sg: mʉ́dɔŋ. [North] Acc pl: mudóŋo. [North] Nom pl: múdoŋo. n. 1 • Placenta,

afterbirth. This may stay with the mother cow for a long time. However, the mother could die if it stays too long. 2 • Kinship.

a-múéí

Variant: a-múóí. [North]: a-múáí. PF: a-tamuyíá,

a-tamuoyíá. v. 1 • To be sick with any kind of illness; not feel well. Emúéí ɛnk ́tɛŋ. The cow is sick. Ámúéíta. I am sick. Ímúéíta. You are sick. Emúéíta. He is sick. (W). Emúéíta ɛnk ́tɛŋ. The cow is sick. Kímueita. We are sick. Ímúéítáta. Y'all are sick. Átámúóyia. I was sick. Ítámúóyia. You (sg) were sick. Ɛtámúóyíá. He was sick. (W). Kítamuoyîâ. We were sick. Ítámúóyîâ. Y'all were sick. Étéyíáŋá ɔlkɨtarrí ɛnkɛ́rá ́ namúéí. The doctor has performed surgery on the sick child. Ɛtámúóyîâ. They became sick. (W). Ɛtámúóyíá

ɨlɔ̂ páyian nɛ́launí ́nâ mueyíán ɛnyɛ́, kájō kétíī ɔltʉ́ŋání ɔ́shɔmɔ́ asakút. That old man became sick and

the disease was not established, maybe somebody bewitched him. (W). ɔltʉŋáni omúéí person who is sick, not feeling well. Ɛg ́ra ɔltásât ómuei aɨrrɔ́k. The old man who is sick is coughing. Usage: a-múéí indicates a more serious illness than ́ . a-ibisiíŋ. 2 • To

have ill-motives; harbor bad attitudes and intentions.

a-itamúéí

slaughter an animal for s.o. who is sick to get meat and soup; nurse a sick person.

a-mueyú

v.cause. To

sicken, become sick. See: a-ibisíóŋ ‘To be sick’; ɔl-támúéyíáí ‘Sick person’. Syn: anyaalá ‘To be ill’; a-ilísh ‘To be ill’.

e-mueyíán

[North]: mʉɛ́í. [Chamus]: moí. v.incep. To

Variant: e-muyíán; e-moyíán. Nom sg: e-múéyian. Acc pl: i-

mueyiaritín. Variant: i-moyiaritín; i-mueyiantín. Nom pl: imúéyiaritín. n. Illness, sickness of any sort.

e-muyíán ɛ́ nkitók Menstrual period; woman's (normal) "illness" (lit: woman's sickness). emuyíán ɛ́ nkitók tɛ múshō ɔ́lápa The (normal) sickness of the woman at the end of the month.

a-mʉ́g [North]

v. 1 • [North]

To brew.

2 • [North]

in mouth’.

mʉ́g [North]

To store in a damp place. See: a-mʉ́k ‘To brew; store Variant: múg. [North] Nom sg: mʉ́g,

mûg. [North] Acc pl: múgi. [North] Nom pl: múgî. n. 1 • [North] One side of the body. 2 • [North] Side (of anything). 3 • [North] In the corner of, to the side of. See: l-kipíei ‘One side of the body’.

mʉ́gárɛ́ [North]

[North] Nom sg: mʉgarɛ́. n. [North]

l-mʉ́gɛt [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-mʉ́gɛ̂t. [North] Acc pl: l-múgeti. n.

mʉ́g [North] ‘To brew’.

Brewing.

See: a-

[North] One of several important ceremonies involving the promotion of warriors through grades of warriorhood.

l-mʉ́gɛt lɔɔ́ lbáa [North]

múgíé

[North] Nom sg: l-mʉ́gɛt

lɔ́ɔ lbáa. [North] Acc pl: l-múgetí lɔɔ́ lbáa. [North] Nom pl: l-múgetí lɔ́ɔ lbáa. [North] Ceremony of the arrows, which takes place about a month after a circumcision ceremony (lit: ox for injuries). Nom sg: mugíé. Acc pl: múgíéîn. [North] Acc sg: mʉ́g

́ɛ́. [North] Nom sg: mʉg ́ɛ́. [North] Acc pl: mugieîn. [North] Nom pl: [anyone] [women] [anyone] [anyone]. adj. 1 • Warm-brown, described as darkbrown, chocolate-brown, light-brown, the color of termite diggings. orŋɛncɛ́rɨ múgíé a brown cockroach (Pk). This term is typically applied to women and cows and has positive connotations. A cow is said to have the múgíé color when its backbone skin-color is clearly brown and forms a brown stream along the back. The skin of a man with the same color as what múgíé describes for a woman would instead be described as sɔpía. The following scale describes varying degrees of skin color, from light to dark: In W, múgíé is used primarily for animals and only with some difficulty would be applied to other items. When the noun form emúgíé is used for women, it is a "pet name" more than a way of describing skin color. It would never be used for men. See: sɔpía ‘Dark; chocolate-brown’. 2 • [North] Purple.

e-múgíé n. 1 • Dark-brown one. Tápala ́nâ áshê káldes tɛ́rɛʉ́ emúgíé. Leave that warm-brown heifer, bring the dark-brown one.

metaphorical. Tápāāshārē emúgíé míkíósh aké. Avoid that woman lest she hit you. (Pk). Ɛshɔmɔ́ emugíé. The woman left. 2 • Woman. Usage: colloq,

e-múgíé2 Nom sg: e-mugíé. Acc pl: múgíéîn. n. Usage: colloq. Woman. Tápāāshārē emúgíé míkíósh aké. Avoid that woman lest she hit you. (Pk). Ɛshɔmɔ́ emugíé. The woman left. mʉ́g ́ɛ́ [North] [North] Nom sg: mʉg ́ɛ́. [North] Acc pl: mʉgɨɛîn. [North] Nom pl: mʉ́gɨɛîn. n. [North]

Sequence of four days in the middle of the waning moon preceding the narɔk kʉtʉk sequence. See: imugieîn ‘Days just before moon disappears’.

i-mugieîn

n.pl. Those

days during the month just before the moon completely disappears. See: múgíé ‘Chocolate-brown’.

a-mugienú [North] v.incep. [North] To become purple. l-múgiet [North] n. [North] Ceremony; celebration. l-múgiet lɔɔ́ nkueny Graduation ceremony from boyhood to warriorhood.

l-múgiet lɛ́ nkarna Ceremony when warriors elect a leader, laúnoni and they were all given a name as an age-set.

l-múgiet lɔ́ lɔɨŋɔ́nɨ Graduation ceremony from warriorhood to adulthood.

l-múgiet lɔɔ́ kʉlɛ́ Ceremony for milk. a-mʉgʉ́l [North] v. [North] To skin, remove outer skin. See: ak ́ny ‘To peel, skin’.

e-múgúr

Nom sg: e-mugúr. Acc pl: i-múgúrrí. Nom pl: i-mugurrí. n.

Waterhole.

ɛ-mʉ́gʉ̂rr

[North] Nom sg: mʉgʉ́rr. [North] Acc pl: múgúrrí. [North] Nom

pl: mugurrí. n. 1 • Pool

in a river, water-hole (eg. used for

swimming). 2 • Small gully. 3 • [North] Puddle. See: ol-túrótó ‘Puddle’.

a-mʉgʉtá

wither, shrivel, wrinkle. [North] ‘To wither’. 2 • [North] To be startled.

ɛ-mʉ́gʉtán

v.mid. 1 • To

See: a-mʉgʉyán

Nom sg: ɛ-mʉ́gʉtán. Acc pl: ɨ-mʉgʉtaní. Nom pl: ɨ-

mʉ́mʉtaní. n. Bitter juice used medicinally, from xxxx root? tree? used as a purgative to induce vomiting for treating worms.

a-mʉgʉyán [North]

mʉgʉtá ‘To wither’.

v.s. [North]

To wither (of trees).

See: a-

a-muguyanú [North] [North] To wither (of trees). mʉharátɛ Trough. See: mʉkarátɛ [North] ‘Trough’. a-mʉ́k v. 1 • To brew. Nɛ́mʉ̄k ̄ ɨnapá áíshó. Those previouslymentioned beers are brewed.

hold in mouth. amʉ́k olkumpaú To hold tobacco in mouth. See: a-mʉ́g [North] ‘To brew; store in damp place’. 2 • To

a-mʉká

v.mid. 1 • To

be brewed.

remain inside the house. amʉká ti áji To remain in the house. 2 • To

mʉkarátɛ [North]

Nom sg: mʉ́karátɛ. n. [North]

See: mʉharátɛ ‘trough’.

Cattle dip.

e-mʉ́kárɛ́

Variant: ɛ-mʉ́kárɛ. Nom sg: e-mʉkarɛ́. Acc pl: ɛ-mʉ́kátá. Nom

mukaréte

n. Cattle

pl: ɛ-mʉkatá. n. Brewing.

dip; Deep pit filled with water for washing cows by forcing them to swim through it. This is generally between two kraals, the first where cows are kept as they go into the dip one at a time, and the second where they dry off, so the water can drip back into the dip.

ɛ-mʉkátɛ

Nom sg: ɛ-mʉ́katɛ. Acc pl: ɨ-mʉkatɛn .́ Nom pl: ɨ-mʉ́katɛn .́ n.

Bread. Ɛtáá mʉsána ɛná mʉ́katɛ. This bread has become old. (W). Einyálatɛ ɨmʉ́katɛn ́. These breakds are bad. (W). Etymology: > Swahili mukate ‘bread’.

ɔl-mʉkɔ́nyɔ

Nom sg: ɔl-mʉ́kɔnyɔ. Acc pl: ɨl-mʉkɔnyoní. Nom pl: ɨl-

mʉ́kɔnyoní. n. Swollen navel. See: ol-dundúla ‘Swollen navel’; súrúm ‘Abnormally large navel’.

a-mʉ́l1 v. To wrap. a-mʉlá v.mid. To be wrapped. a-mʉ́l [North]2 v. 1 • [North] To be ubiquitous. 2 • [North]

To be uniform, homogenous. 3 • [North] To be all of one colour.

mʉlá [North]

[North] Nom sg: mʉ́la. n. [North]

Treeless plain, esp. where there is salt up to several centimetres deep on the ground.

a-mʉláŋ v. To grow cold. mʉlaŋâî adj. Not sociable, not welcoming. mʉ́láŋisho The state of being not sociable. mʉ́lɛ̂ [North] [North] Nom sg: mʉ́lɛ̂. [North] Acc pl: mulení. [North] Nom pl: múlení. n. [North]

muleení [North]

Iron ankle rings worn by girls at dances.

Circular metal worn by women on the lower parts of the legs. See: ɨnkalʉlʉŋaní ‘Circular metal worn by women on the lower parts of the legs’; n-kúpúlito ‘Circular metal worn by women on the lower parts of the legs’.

mʉ́l ́áát [North]

Nom sg: múleení. n. [North]

[North] Nom sg: mʉlɨaát. n. [North]

Female longtailed lizard. Latastia longicaudata. See: l-ɛ́lɛ́ʉ́ [North] ‘Male lizard’.

a-mʉl ́sh v.prog. To forcefully twist sth. into a crooked position. amʉl ́sh ɛlʉ́kʉ́nyá To forcefully twist the head. Syn: amɛrrɛgɛ́l ‘To twist’.

e-múlúg

Nom sg: e-mulúg. Acc pl: i-múlúgí. Nom pl: i-mulugí. [North] Acc

pl: mulugó. [North] Nom pl: múlugó. n. Hole

on ground, tree, or in rock in which bees stay; bee-hive. See: en-kídoŋ ‘Bee-hive’.

mʉ́lʉl [North]

[North] Nom sg: mʉ́lʉ̂l. [North] Acc pl: mululó. [North] Nom

pl: múluló. adj. [North]

a-mululú [North]

v.incep. [North]

See: mʉ́lʉl ‘Fecund’.

ɔl-mʉmâî

Fecund.

To become fecund.

Nom sg: ɔl-mʉ́mai. Acc pl: ɨl-mʉmá. Nom pl: ɨl-mʉ́ma. [North] Acc

sg: l-mʉmâ .̂ [North] Nom sg: l-mʉ́maɨ. [North] Acc pl: l-mʉmá. [North] Nom pl: l-mʉ́ma. n. Oath.

Oaths may be made in the marriage negotiation process, to make peace, to swear to do sth., or to guarantee s.o. that he will not receive punishment for an offence when the individual has come begging for forgiveness. ɔl-mʉmáî is a very strong act. ɛsayíɛ́t (eg. a cow or a girl) could be given as physical evidence of the oath. The stages in the process of making an oath are as follows: 1. a-ɨshɔ́ ɔlmʉmáî 'To give an oath' (done, eg., by one who has offended or one making a marriage request) 2. a-nyá ɔlmʉmáî 'To take (lit: eat) an oath' 3. a-ŋamʉ́ ɔlmʉmáî 'To receive an oath'. To break or not honor an oath is expected to bring bad results. aɨnɔ́s ɔlmʉmâî To take an oath (lit: to eat an oath). anyá ɔlmʉmâî To take an oath (lit: to eat an oath). See: a-ɨnɔ́s ɔlmʉmáî ‘To take an oath’.

a-mún v. 1 • To pinch. Étúmúnó ɔlaá ́tɛ́ŋɛ̄nānī ɛnkɛ́ráí ɛsɛ́dɛr. The teacher has pinched the child on the cheek. (Pk). 2 • To

scratch. See: a-ój ‘To scratch’. 3 • To do sth. to pain another.

e-munâî

Acc pl: muná. [North] Acc sg: mʉnâ .̂ Variant: munâî. [North] Nom

sg: mʉ́naɨ. [North] Acc pl: mʉná. [North] Nom pl: mʉ́na. n. 1 • Long

wire earring that "hangs" (not extends) from the top of the ear, typically worn by Maasai girls and women. 2 • Beaded ear-ring worn by men. 3 • [North] Pair of wire earrings (2.5 cm) worn by warriors and

junior elders, attached at a pierce in the upper helix of the ear. 4 • [North] Beadwork circlets strung on wire (8 cm), worn by middleaged women, attached at a pierce in the upper helix of the ear.

ɔl-mʉnánda

Nom sg: ɔl-mʉ́nanda. [North] Acc sg: l-mʉndánda. n.

1 • Marketplace

which also includes an auction place. 2 • Place where cattle are vaccinated. Borrowed word: Swahili mundanda 'auction place'. See: ɔl-ɔɨnyaŋ ́ ‘Market’.

l-mʉnɛ́ɛŕ ɨ [North] búlátí ‘Rectum’.

múnicôî [North]

n. [North]

ɛ-mʉ́nkɛ́

See: ɛm-

[North] Nom sg: múnicôî. [North] Acc pl: múnicó. [North]

Nom pl: múnicó. n. [North] See: a-mún ‘To

Colon, rectum?

pinch’.

Small hooked thorn (generic term).

[North] Nom sg: mʉnkɛ́. [North] Acc pl: mʉ́nkɛ̂n. [North] Nom

pl: mʉnkɛ́n. n. 1 • Anklet. 2 • [North]

Lionskin garter worn by boys after circumcision, and by the groom and best man at a wedding.

munkuk a-munó

v. [South]

v.mid. 1 • To

Ground hornbill.

have been pinched. 2 • To not be straightforward; unpredictable; unreasonable, noncooperative; not understandable or explainable; weird. This does not refer to a condition from birth (eg. some types of mental disabilities), but to an acquired set of negative habits.

Kémúno inâ ará ɛ́nyɛ, ́mayíólo ajó ɨŋá ́ ɔlmármali. That fight of theirs is unexplainable; I do not know who is in the wrong. (Pk). ɔltʉŋáni omúnō person who is not straightforward. 3 • To be funny but foolishly so; cheeky. See: a-mún ‘To pinch’.

e-munôî

n. 1 • Unpredictable

behavior but likely to be negative; weird social behavior; having unpredictable feelings. 2 • Stupidness,

foolishness. Etomitúókó ɔltʉŋáni emúnoi

élô aɨrʉrá. Foolishness/stupidity has prevented the person

from going to sleep (eg. when sleep would be beneficial). See: amún ‘To pinch’. The connection to a-mún may be due to pinching behavior characteristic of children, and the difficulty of understanding what has transpired in a children's squabble.

ɨ-mʉnɔnɔ́ Mixture of fried meat and blood. See: l-páut ‘Meat mixed with blood and fat’.

muntus Acc pl: il-muntusi. n. Ground hornbill. ol-múntút Nom sg: ol-muntút. Acc pl: il-múntútí. Nom pl: il-muntutí. n. 1 • Vulture. 2 • Ground

hornbill. bucorvus cafer.

mʉ́nʉ́nâ [North]

Dry cubed meat and fat, stored for long periods in certain calabashes.

ɛ-mʉ̂ny

[North] Nom pl: mʉ́nʉ́nâ. n. [North]

Nom sg: ɛ-mʉ̂ny. Acc pl: i-múnyi. Nom pl: i-múnyî. n. Black

rhinoceros.

diceros bicornis.

a-mʉnyák

v.s. 1 • To

a-mʉnyán

v. To

be lucky, blessed, favoured. Usage: humans. 2 • To be perfect, not missing any body parts, and having good coloring. Usage: animals. ɔltʉŋáni ɔ́mʉ́nyák (i) person who is perfect; (ii) person who is lucky. be lucky, fortunate. Kɛ́tʉ́mʉ́nyana. He has become fortunate. (S).

a-mʉnyanú

become fortunate, lucky, acquire. mʉnyák ‘To be lucky’.

ɛ-mʉnyán

v.incep. To

See: a-

salt, as used at the table. Syn: shímpi, ɛn-abɛl ,́ ɛn-aɨsʉ́kʉt, ɛ-makát ‘Salt’. 2 • Salt found on the soil. Cattle like to lick soil that contains this kind of salt and are usually driven to spots where it is found. Syn: em-bolíêî ‘Salt lick’. Borrowed word: Bantu? cf. Kifuliiru munyu 'salt'.

ɛ-mʉnyánī

Nom sg: ɛ-mʉ́nyan. n. 1 • Fine

Nom sg: ɛ-mʉ́nyaní. [South] Acc sg: mʉnyánî. n. 1 • Good

fortune, luck, serendipity.

2 • Grace,

blessing, attributed to the action of God. 3 • Forehead. See: enk-omóm; en-kirribó; ɛn-k ́d ́mátá ‘Forehead’; amʉnyán ‘To be fortunate’.

ol-múnyéí

Nom sg: ol-munyeí. Acc pl: il-múnyo. Nom pl: il-múnyô. [Purko]

Acc pl: ir-múnyuo. [North] Acc sg: l-múnyéí,

l-múnyóí. [North] Nom sg: lmunyóí. [North] Acc pl: l-múnyo. [North] Nom pl: l-múnyô. n. 1 • Beard, goatee. Ɛg ́rá áabarnɔ ɨrmúnyuo. They are shaving each other's beards. (Pk). 2 • Moustache and beard together; face hair. 3 • [South] Chin. See: ɔl-bɔɔ́ny ‘Chin’.

a-munyiará

To refuse to run when being beaten. 2 • [North] To be not easily breakable, but can bend.

mʉnyɔrɔ́rɔ

v. 1 • [North]

Nom sg: mʉ́nyɔrɔ́rɔ. Acc pl: mʉnyɔrɔrɔní. Nom

pl: mʉ́nyɔrɔrɔní. n. Road. Borrowed word: Swahili

munyororo 'chain'. Mol (1996:264) says that when roads were firs made, they were measured out with the help of a large chain. See: ɔl-barɨbára; enkóítóí ‘Road’.

a-múóí

be sick. Ámúóí, káke maló adɔ́l ɔlabáani. I am sick, but I'm not going to see the doctor. (W). Emuoíta Páapa lâî néjo olekitarrí ɛtɛɛkʉ́nyɛ encotó nábō. My father is sick and the doctor said that one of his sides is paralyzed. Emuoíta ɛnkɛráí aɨtɛrʉ́ ŋolé. The child is sick starting from yesterday. Átámúóyia ŋolé. I became sick yesterday. See: a-múéí ‘To be sick’; e-moyíán ‘Sickness, disease’. v. To

a-mʉ́r v. 1 • To plaster. Tʉ́mʉra shʉ́mátá ɛ́ nkají amʉ̂ ɛ́táá kɛ́shā. Plaster the roof of the house because it is about to rain. (Pk). 2 • [North] To conceal important information. See: a-nʉ́k ‘To conceal’.

a-murishoré To use to plaster a hut. a-mʉ́r ol-gós To talk with a deep voice (lit: to plaster the

throats).

ɔl-mʉrankéti

word: English

ol-murása

n. Blanket. See: l-pʉrankéti

blanket.

[North] ‘Blanket’. Borrowed

Nom sg: ol-múrasa. Acc pl: il-murasaní

??. Nom pl: ilmúrasaní ??. n. Boundary. See: ol-kírríé; ɛm-páka; ol-pólósíé; osáriko ‘Boundary’.

a-mʉrát v. To circumcise (boy); clitoridectomise (girl). Ɛmʉrátɨ ɔlayíóni tááisére. The boy will be circumcised tomorrow. (Pk). Dúóó táatá ɛjɨŋ ́ ɛnkâŋ ɔ́lɛ Parmuát peê ɛ́mʉ́rát ̂ ɔlayíóni tááisére. Today is the day the distinguished guests go to Ole Parmuat's home, because tomorrow is when a boy will be circumcised. (Pk). Nɛ́bʉ́lʉ́ kʉlɔ̂ áyīōk pókírā

oóŋūān o mɛtʉ́mʉ̄rāt ̄, nɛ́bārn ̄, n ́ákʉ́ ɨlmʉ́rrān.

These four boys grew up until they were circumcised, then they were shaved, then they became warriors. Nɛ́mʉ̄k ̄ ɨnapá áíshíó, nɛ́mʉratɨ entítō. Those beers are brewed, and the girl is clitoridectomised. Éíshópíto ɔltásât encóríbá ɛnyɛ́ amʉ̂ ɛ́tʉ́mʉ́rátá ɔlayíóni. The old man has worn his ceremonial skin because his son has been circumcised. (Pk). Kɛ́jɔ́n ɛlɛ̂ áyíóní ɛ́tɔ́n mɛ́mʉ́rátayú. This boy is still immature he cannot be circumcised. (Pk).

ɛ-mʉ́ráta

Nom sg: ɛ-mʉratâ

?, ɛ-mʉratá ?. Variant: ɛ-mʉráta. Acc pl: ɛmʉ́rátarɛ. Nom pl: ɛ-mʉratárɛ. [North] Acc sg: mʉratá. [North] Nom sg: mʉrátâ. [North] Acc pl: mʉratát. [North] Nom pl: mʉ́ratát. n. 1 • Circumcision; excision. This initiation is performed at the time of puberty, and elevates the individual from childhood to adulthood. Kɛ́átá ́ intaléŋo tɛndá âŋ ɛmʉ́rátarɛ ɔɔ́ nkɛ́ra. There are solemn ceremonies in that home for the circumcisions of children. (Pk). Boys will prove to the community that they are ready to be initiated by exhibiting signs of grown men, such as carrying heavy spears, herding large herds of livestock, bringing cattle home at dusk, and travelling alone at night to visit

friends. A boy must herd cattle for seven full days prior to ɛmʉ́ráta, and is circumcised on the eighth day. Both boys and girls receive a cold shower to cleanse themselves of past sins, and then are initiated early in the dawn before sunrise by a qualified individual (a woman in the case of girls, and a man in the case of boys). Boys are respected for bravery during the operation, demonstrated by not flinching in the least. Following this ceremony and a healing period of three to four months, newly initiated men receive the status of a warrior, and women are ready for marriage. 2 • [North] Age-mate. 3 • [North] Age-sets. Usage: plural. Age set, age group. ɨltʉŋaná lɛ́ mʉ́ráta âŋ people of our age group. 4 • [Chamus]

ɛ-mʉ́rátá n. Smearing. ɛ-mʉ́rátarɛ [North] Nom pl: mʉrátarɛ. n. Circumcision, circumcising. See: ɛ-mʉ́rátá ‘Circumcision’.

mʉrdá [North]

housekeeper.

[North] Nom sg: mʉ́rda. n. [North]

l-mʉrɛnkɛ̂ ̂ [North]

Loving wife, good

[North] Nom sg: l-mʉ́rɛnkɛ̂ .̂ [North] Acc pl: l-

mʉrɛnkɛ̂n. [North] Nom pl: l-mʉ́rɛnkɛ̂n. n. [North] Pumpkin.

mʉrgʉ́t Gulping sound. Áítéjō sháai mʉrgʉ́t. I made the tea make the gulping sound (ie. I gulped the tea down). See: aɨmʉrgʉtaá ‘To gulp’.

e-múró1

Nom sg: e-muró. Acc pl: i-múríóshi. Nom pl: i-murioshí. [North] Acc

pl: múróci. Variant: múróshi. [North] Nom pl: múrocí. n. 1 • Hind

leg of a

four-legged animal. 2 • [North] Part of meat given to neighbors after slaughtering a sheep or goat.

múró2 Cry for mercy. l-murotâî [North] [North] Nom sg: l-múrotâî. [North] Acc pl: l-murotá. [North] Nom pl: l-múrotá. n. [North]

Unripe acacia bean.

See: ɔ-

sagárarámi ‘Seed pod of Acacia tortilis’.

l-múrsánɛ́t [North]

Nom sg: l-mursanɛ́t. Acc pl: l-mursanetí. Nom

pl: l-múrsanetí. n. [North]

Illegitimate male child born before the mother is circumcised and finally married. Syn: ol-turpá, ɛnkɛ́ráí é títóísho ‘Illegitimate child’.

e-múrt

Nom sg: e-mûrt. Acc pl: i-murtó. Nom pl: i-múrto. [Purko] Acc pl: ir-

murotó. n. 1 • Neck. Ɛkɛ́p ́k ́ apá ɨlb ́k ́tɔ ɨrmurotó ɔɔ́nkɛ́ra. Long ago shells of snails used to be put on children's necks. (Pk). 2 • Chief's advisors.

e-múrt ɛ́ nká ́ná n. Wrist (lit: neck of the arm). e-múrt ɛ́ nkɛjʉ́ n. Ankle (lit: neck of the leg). See: ol-ouré

kokóyō ‘Ankle bone’; ɛ-rʉ́bátá ‘Joint’; ol-aidóloki [South] ‘Ankle’; l-aibelái [North] ‘Ankle’.

ɛ-mʉrtɛ̂

Nom sg: ɛ-mʉ́rtɛ̂. Acc pl: ɨ-mʉrtɛ̂(n). Nom pl: ɨ-mʉ́rtɛ(n). [North] Nom

sg: mʉ́rtɛ. [North] Acc pl: mʉrtɛ̂n. [North] Nom pl: mʉ́rtɛn. n. 1 • Side

(of human body, herd, group of moving people, building, etc.). 2 • Strong muscle on the side of the human body between the ribs and hip bone. Káayâ ɛmʉ́rtɛ̂. My side hurts me. 3 • Muscle just in front of the back hind quarter of a cow; groin area of cattle. See: a-mʉrtɛná ‘To be on the side’.

a-mʉrtɛná

[Purko]: a-mʉrtaná. v.mid. 1 • To

not have proper habits or character, in violation of social norms. Ɛmʉrtɛ́na olkúâk lɛ́na kitók. The habits of this woman are not good (proper). This typically does not refer to just a one-time event, but rather repeated habits or character; the person violating the norms does not have to intentionally be doing sth. bad (eg. a man wearing a kilt in Kenya). 2 • To be poorly positioned in order to hold sth., or do sth. 3 • To use the left hand to do sth. (whether the individual is leftor right-handed).

a-mʉrtɛnarí To walk one-sided, eg. like a person who suffered a stroke.

e-murûâ

See: ɛ-mʉrtɛ̂ ‘Side’.

Nom sg: e-múrûâ. Acc pl: i-murúá. Nom pl: i-múrua. n.

1 • Locality. 2 • Type

of grass, mostly ɛn-aimúrrâî, that grow in abandoned homesteads.

e-murûâ

Nom sg: tone

shouldn't be e-múrûâ - ie., one, versus two moras on end?. Acc pl: i-murúá. Nom pl: i-múrua. [North] Acc sg: murûâ. [North] Nom sg: múrua. [North] Acc pl: muruaí. Variant: múruáí. [North] Nom pl: múruaí. n. 1 • Star grass. Óre emurúa nanɔ́rɨ náa sídáí. Green grass is good. (W). 2 • Settlement area; continuously inhabited settlement.

́ ́ra ɔláígúɛ́nání of a settlement area. Ɛg ashukú ́nâ báɛ peê epuo emúrúá áíguanarɛ. The chief has referred (returned) that issue so that it can be dealt with by the people of the area. (Pk). 4 • Flourishing field which has re-grown over an abandoned settlement area; the manure which has been left provides fertilizer. 5 • Manyatta that is destroyed when it is left; abandoned homesite where no structures are left standing. See: míjóōni ‘Abandoned manyatta’. 3 • Inhabitants

ol-múrúnkúí [South]

Nom sg: ol-murunkúí. Acc pl: il-murúnku.

Nom pl: il-múrunku. n. [South]

kuashên ‘Potatoes’.

ɔl-mʉrʉ́nkʉ́i

Potato.

See: il-gisóyia; in-

Acc pl: il-murunkuní. n. Potato,

kwashé ‘Potato’; l-biásɨ [North] ‘Potato’.

ɔl-mʉrʉ́nya

Irish?

See: ɛn-

Nom sg: ɔl-mʉ́rʉnya. Acc pl: ɨl-mʉrʉnyaní. Nom pl: ɨl-

mʉ́rʉnyaní. n. 1 • Razor, traditionally made; used for circumcision or shaving. You could not buy one of these in a modern Nairobi market like Uchumi. See: ɛnk-álɛ́m ‘Knife’.

2 • [North]

a-murút

Handleless blade used for clitoridectomising girls.

v.prog. To

go in front of s.o. travelling in the same direction; move into a position ahead of s.o. who is striving for the same thing; overtake, pass. Émúrútítō. He is getting ahead of him. See: a-giroó ‘To pass’.

l-murúti [North] l-mʉrrá [North]1

[North] Nom sg: l-múruti. n. [North]

Tonsillitis.

Variant: l-mʉ́rrá. [North] Nom sg: l-mʉrrá. [North] Acc

pl: l-múrráci. Variant: l-mʉrráshin; l-mʉrrashín. n. [North]

ɔl-mʉ́rráni

Penis.

Nom sg: ɔl-mʉrraní. Acc pl: ɨl-mʉ́rran. Nom pl: ɨl-mʉ́rrân. n.

1 • Warrior.

A youth is a member of a warrior age-set from the time he completes his initiation until his age-set is promoted to juniorelderhood. Past historic events are dated by citing the age-set which were warriors at the time of the event. Óre ɛlɛ̂ mʉ́rrāni, náa kɛ́p ̄ apá olêŋ. Now this warrior, he was very brave. Népuo ɨlmʉ́rrân. The warriors went. A man becomes a warrior after ɛ-mʉ́rátá 'circumcision'. He is first a junior warrior, during which time he lives and eats with other ɨl-mʉ́rran of the same age set in an ɛmányátá 'warrior village'. He remains a warrior for some ten years. He does not marry until after the eúnótó ceremony at which time he is initiated into senior warrior-hood. 2 • [North] Affectionate term for a small boy.

mʉ́rránó

Nom sg: mʉrranó. n.sg. Warriorhood.

when warriorhood was abolished.

ɔl-mʉ́rrát

peê ɛ́ár ́ mʉ́rránó

Nom sg: ɔl-mʉrrát. Acc pl: ɨl-mʉ́rratí. Nom pl: ɨl-mʉ́rratí. n.

Spear butt.

See: l-ŋʉ́rrásh ‘Spear

butt’; s ́p ́l ‘Spear head’.

mʉ́rrā2 greeting. 1 • Term for greeting another warrior. Sʉ́pa mʉ́rra lây. Hello. (lit: Hello, my warrior.) (S). 2 • Term

used for greeting a younger person.

ol-múrri

Nom sg: ɔlmurrí. Acc pl: ɨl-mɨrr. Nom pl: ɨl-mɨrr. n. Dung

a-mʉrrʉ́

v. To

of an animal (eg. donkey, zebra) whose droppings are flat and roughly oval-shaped. The plural form is normal. The singular would refer to one piece of (donkey, zebra) dung. See: e-modíêî ‘Dung’. enjoyable.

a-ɨtʉmʉrrʉ́

be good; 1 • To

enjoy, feel good, thrive. 2 • To make oneself settle down to sth. 3 • To eat well, graze well, enjoy food. 4 • To cherish. 5 • [North] To bring to completion.

l-múrrúí [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-murrúí. [North] Acc pl: l-mʉ̂rr. [North]

Nom pl: l-mʉ̂rr. n. [North]

donkey or zebra’.

a-mús

Donkey dung.

See: ol-múrri ‘Dung

v. v. To

of

guess, assess, think, consider, presume, ponder. 2 • v. [Chamus] To be able to forsee; have feeling for what is yet to occur, especially danger.

a-musokí [North] [North] To guess, venture.

a-musoó v.dir. To guess, take a stab at. a-musú v.dir. To guess, consider, ponder, think over. e-mús Nom sg: e-mûs. Acc pl: i-músi. Nom pl: i-músî. [North] Nom sg: mús. n. Swarm of bees. Míséyie aké ɛndâ mús oóltórok amʉ̂ eŋórisho. Don't disturb/touch that swarm of bees because they sting. (W).

mʉsána

Nom sg: mʉ́sana. Acc pl: mʉ́san. Nom pl: mʉ́sân. [North] Nom

sg: mʉ́sanâ. adj. Usage: inanimate

things. Old, potentially worn out. Restrict: inanimate things. Ɛtáá mʉsána ɛná múkatɛ. This bread has become old. (W). Mʉsána ɛndá á ́dashɛ. That shoe is old. (W). See: móruo ‘Old’; arrárrɨ ‘Old’.

ɔl-mʉ́sáníkí

̄k. Nom pl: ɨlmʉsan ́k. n. Elderly man who did go through warriorhood but just graduated to adulthood when his age-set did. He is said to lack a lot of military training and so is a coward who cannot defend himself.

ɛ-mʉ́sáníkí

Nom sg: ɔl-mʉsanikí. Acc pl: ɨl-mʉ́sán

Usage: contemptous. 1 • Small

man who did not

undergo warrior. 2 • Woman (who did not undergo warriorhood). Usage: derogatory. See: mʉsána ‘Old’; ɔl-mʉ́rrani ‘Warrior’.

a-mʉsanú

v.incep. To

become old; develop into non-tip-top condition. Usage: generally inanimate. Kɛ́mʉsánu. It will become old. (S). Ɛtʉmʉ́sana ɛná mʉ́katɛ. This bread is old. (W). Ɛtʉmʉ́sana ɛndá á ́dashen. That shoe is/has become old. (W).

l-musó [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-múso. n. [North]

mús ‘To guess, forsee’.

ol-Músúnkúí

See: a-

Nom sg: ol-Musunkuí. Acc pl: il-Musúnku. Nom pl: il-

Músunku. n. European.

a-musút [North] calabash).

A guess.

Etymology: < Swahili msungu.

v. [North]

To wipe (esp. the inside of a

a-musuticieré [North] v.apas v.inst. [North] To use for wiping. músútí [North] [North] Nom sg: musutí. [North] Acc pl: músút. [North] Nom pl: musút. n. [North]

Cloth or figre rag used to clean calabashes and sprinkle milk at ceremonies. See: a-musút [North] ‘To wipe’; ol-mésútíé ‘Tail piece used to clean a calabash’.

ɔl-mʉshaára

Nom sg: ɔl-mʉ́shaára. Acc pl: ɨl-mʉshaaraní. Nom pl: ɨl-

mʉ́shaaraní. n. Wage.

ɛ-mʉshashúri

Nom sg: ɛ-mʉ́shashúri. Acc pl: ɨ-mʉshashuriní. Nom pl: ɨ-

mʉ́shashuriní. n. Tin can of one liter or smaller. kɨkɔ́mpɛ ‘Cup’; en-kéreni ‘Large tin can’.

ɔl-mushéle

See: ɛn-

[North] Acc sg: mʉshɛ́lɛ. [Chamus] Acc sg: mucéle. n. Rice.

Borrowed word: Swahili

muchele 'rice'.

é-múshî [South] [South] Stick used to pound in a mortar. See: en-kiúri ‘Mortar’.

ɔl-mʉshʉmáa

Nom sg: ɔl-mʉ́shʉmáa. Acc pl: ɨl-mʉshʉmaaní. Nom

pl: ɨl-mʉ́shʉmaaní. n. Nail.

Ɨncɔɔ́kɨ enyúntu náóshóríé ɛlɛ̂

mʉshʉmáa. Give me a hammer that I can use to drive this nail. (Pk). Etymology:

< Swahili.

a-mʉ́t v. 1 • To finish completely; consume. Nɛ́nyā aké, nɛ́nyā aké, nɛ́mʉt. He just ate and ate, and consumed everything. 2 • To destroy. Nɛ́mʉt, nɛ́yá inkíshú ɛnyɛ̂ ó isirkôn. He destroyed them, he took their cows and donkies. Eéwuo ɔlámeyu óyookí amʉ́t inkíshú ó sirkon. Famine which may finish the cows and donkies has come. (Pk). Toó jorín apá ɛtʉ́mʉ́tâ ɨlMaasá ́ ɨlkʉl ́kā ̄. It is in wars that the Maasai killed other sectors. (Pk). Óre dúóó nɨnyɛ́ ɔlbáɛ lɛnyɛ́ náa kɛ́mʉ́tā ̄ amʉ̂ ɨmɛnyɔk ́tā ̄. According to his opinion, people will die (of hunger) because they are not working hard. (Pk). Ɛmʉ́ta inkíshu áinêî. My cattle will die.

a-mutíé

finish in a given manner. 2 • To be late.

e-múta

1 • To

Nom sg: e-mútâ. Acc pl: i-mutaitín. Nom pl: i-mútaitin. n. Food

kept by a woman for her husband while away. Késhúm oshî enkítok emúta aitaány ɔlpayíán lɛnyɛ́. A woman will keep special food in readiness for her husband while he is away. See: a-ány ‘To keep food in readiness for s.o.’.

ɛ-mʉtâ ̂

[North] Nom sg: mʉ́taɨ. n. 1 • Disaster,

destruction, ruin (eg.

drought, epidemic. 2 • [North] A period of cattle plague and smallpox which occurred when the L-maríkón were warriors, approximately the 1880's. See: L-maríkóí [North] ‘Age-set initiated around 1879’.

áa-mʉtakino

go for each other. 2 • To go the whole hog.

ɛ-mʉ́tátá

v.mid.pl. 1 • To

destroying. ɛmʉ́tátá oó Láíkípiak raids of the Laikipiak (ie. in which the Laikipia people were destroyed). n. Destruction,

a-mʉ́t To finish, consume, destroy. See: en-jóré ‘Raid’. ol-mutégo Nom sg: ol-mútego. Acc pl: il-mutegoní. Nom pl: il-mútegoní. n. Trap. Ɛɨbʉ́ŋá enkúényi tɔ lmútego. He has caught the bird with a trap. (W). The Maasai do not traditionally build traps to catch animals. Etymology: < Swahili.

a-mutikí v. To be late especially towards evening. a-itumutikí To delay. See: a-idamíé ‘To be late after sunrise’. a-mutú v.incep. To get dusk (late in the afternoon just before sunset); to become evening.

a-itumutikí v.cause v.dat. To make s.o. be late for sth.; delay. Émintóki áaitumutiki ɨnkɛ́ra ɛ́ ́tʉ̂ épûô sukúul. Stop delaying children from getting to school.

a-mutikí

v.dat. To

be too late for s.o. to do sth. because it has become dusk. Áamutikíó ɛ́ ́tʉ̂ á ́dɨp esíáai áí It has become too late for me when I have not finished my work.

mutûî [North]

[North] Nom sg: mútui. n. 1 • [North]

Late afternoon,

sundown. See: a-mutú ‘To get dark’. 2 • [North] Mid-afternoon, from about 14:00 to 16:00.

l-mútuncú [North]

Acc pl: l-mutuncuní. Nom pl: l-mútuncuní. n.

[North] Meat offered to elders by the bridegroom after they have given him a daughter to marry. This is special meat prepared by the bridegroom himself and given to old men to eat (usually after the bride has left the home). The soup is also prepared from this meat and mixed with sugar, blood and curdled milk and drank by these old men.

a-muyiokí eat’.

v. Usage: colloquial. To

eat.

See: a-ɨnɔ́s; a-nyá; a-rrutishó ‘To

e-muyioóo n. Red ants. See: sʉ́rɛɛ́. ol-m(w)óogo [North] Acc sg: mɔɔ́gɔ. [Chamus] Acc sg: moógo. n. Cassava. See: ol-manga ‘Cassava’.

N-n n Letter representing the Maa alveolar nasal sound /n/. When this

occurs before a palatal or alveopalatal sound, it is pronounced as an (alveo)palatal [ɲ]. When this occurs before a velar (k or g), it is pronounced as a velar [ŋ].

n[H]-1

n-2

con. Discourse

connective which initiates sentences that thematically cohere together. Nétií apá ɔlpáyian. A long time ago, there was an old man. Népuo ɨlmʉ́rrân néjo "Káa taá kiâs?" The warriors went and said, "What shall we do?". nɛ́ ̄m ɛnká ́ , nédùŋ esaêî, néítadóíkì emúrt... he passed another one, he cut a beads-necklace, and he put it on his neck...

rel. Prefix

for a relative clause that modifies a feminine or place gender noun. ɛnkɨt ́ títō nanak ́ta ɔlk ́na a young girl who ́ was still suckling (her mother's) breast. Ɨyaʉ́ empítō nárípíé ɛnâ kɨlâ natɔpɔlɔ́sɛ. Bring me a thread which I will use to sew this cloth which is torn. (Pk). Ḿmɛ ɛ ́látá ɨnâ ná ́nɔs ́ta. What I was eating was not fat. (W). Nɔɔ́ karbóbō náainyalá ɛndáa. It is squirrels that destroyed the food. (W). ewúéji nɛmánya Ole Sokoine a place where Ole Sokoine lives (KS). ɛnáádɔ́ a tall/long (feminine) one. See: ɔ- ‘Masculine relative prefix’; l- ‘Masculine relative prefix’.

n- [North]3 Variant: nk-. gen. [North] Feminine gender prefix. na- Variant: no- [Samburu]. Prefix occurring on demonstratives when functioning as existential predicates. Nákʉná ntamesí. The camels are here. (SN). Nákʉndá ntamesí. The camels are there (not so far away). (SN). Nónokûâ ntamesí náapuo nkárɛ́. There are the camels going for

ná

naá

water. (SN).

voc. Feminine

vocative clitic or particle. Páa kéjóki

ɔlŋɔ́jɨnɛ,"Ná kítojó, iyíé ná ́nɔsá enáíshíó áí!" So the hyena said to him, "You Hare, it is you who has eaten my honey!". Tɛ́rɛpa ŋútúnyí, ná kɛráí! Cleave (hold tight) to your mother, you child! (SN). See: lɔ́ ‘Masculine vocative’. Variant: náa. prt. 1 • Grammatical

particle which partitions a proposition into two parts, indicating (exclusive?) focus of contrast, typically on the phrase preceding naá; this one and only this one. Iyíé naá áyíéú. I want specifically you (not any other person). (Pk). Eé payé, néjuŋ ɔltásat, néjuŋ

kókó ɛnyɛ́, amʉ̂ óre naá táatá eriyamakinóre naá táatá ɛnâ tásat kʉná kíbóítārē, amʉ̂ mɛáta naá ilayiôk náa tɛ n ́ata óre ɛlɛ̂ ayíóni bótór nɛ́ákʉ́ olólpayíán. Yes, he inherits from the grandfather, he inherits from his grandmother, because THIS particular time when these things happen your mother is together with you [the girl in the home], because she does not have sons, and if you have sons, the senior son belongs to the man (ie. your own father).

Íú kʉnâ kɛ́ra káke ítíî ɨrá ɛnɛnyɛ́ káke íntayu ɔlayíóni ɔ́yâ ŋutunyí láā nɨnyɛ́ táatá, mɛtáa óre itíî íyíé ɛnâ áŋ náa ɛlɛ̂ ayíóni ímpírare ɛlɛ̂ l ́nkau. Náa nɨnyɛ́ ejî Oiboó. [ɔ̀làyyóni ɔ̀yà ŋùtùɲí làà nɪ ̀ɲɛ́] [ɛnáaŋ]

When you give birth to these children, while you are still hers, but you give (command) one boy (lit: your mother today, so that when you are in that home) who will be taken by your mother, who is going to be the one that concerns you (ie. concerns your still being retained in your mother and father's home), this first-born. This is the one called Oiboó (lit: the one who prevented). aɨkáú rst-born. Óre naá ká ̄shɔ̄ ɛnâ k ́tɛ́ŋ. Then I will give you this cow (eg. when you are concluding discussions of which cow should be taken, whether it is the right value, etc.). (Pk). Ɛg ́ra oshî táatá n ́nyɛ

ɔltáání atumokí ámaâ naá enotó esíái. So-and-so is succeeding because he has gotten a job. (Pk). Óre ɨmbáa ɛ́ nkÁí náa néíjia aké étíú. The works of God are like that. (KS). Óre ɨsɨŋát ɔɔ́ ntarɛ́ náa ɛyáʉ olkúlup. The sneezes

náa1

náa2

of the sheep+goats bring mucous. (W). 2 • Particle used to soften or make a command more polite or like a suggestion. Shɔ́mɔ naá ɛndâ ají. Go to that house. See: áâ ‘Be’. prt. Particle

used in cleft constructions to divide the two parts of the construction; be the one who, be the thing which. Óre ɔlkásíódí pɔɔk ́ náa kétúríá ɛmʉ́rátá. Every person who fears circumcision becomes ɔlkásíódí. (lit: Every ɔlkásíódí is the one who fears circumcision.) (Pk). Óre ɔltʉŋáni kársîs náa kɛ́áta inkíshú kúmok ɔ́ ntaré. A rich man has many cows and sheep/goats. (lit: A rich man is the one who has many cows and sheep/goats.) (Pk). See: áâ ‘Be’. conj. 1 • Conjunction

of two predications; and. Etoíwuokí

kʉlɔ́ ayíók pɔk ́ra ɛnkɔlɔ́ŋ nabô. Náa káyíólo ajó alɔ osíókí ayamɨshɔ́. These two boys were born at the same time. And I know which (of them) will marry first. (W). Nɛ́dʉ̄mʉ̄ lɛlɔ̂ tʉŋanák, náa inkíshú ɛɨshɔr ́. Those ́ áymārīrīā people pick him up and they are given cows. Ɛm

Yiesʉ ɔlaa nɨnyɛ́ ɔlá ́tūrūkōnī náa ɔlɔɨtabáyā ɛnkírúkɔ̄tō âŋ, Let's look up to Jesus who is the beginner and the one who brings to completion of our faith,

Tɛn ́m ́k ́nd ̄m aɨshɔ́ɔ ̄ ɛlɛ̂ k ́tɛ́ŋ obô, náa káá ́d ̄m aɨshɔ́ɔ ̄ kʉl ́kā ̄ móŋí aáre aná okúni. If you 2 • Then.

cannot give (me) this one bull, then I can give (you) two or three others. See: ɔ́ ‘And, along with’.

ɛ-náádɔ́-kʉtʉ́k

Nom sg: ɛ-náadɔ-kʉtʉ́k. Acc pl: ɨ-naáadɔ-kutukíé. Nom

pl: ɨ-náaadɔ-kutukíé. n.phrase. A

big meat-eating bird with a long

beak (lit: the one that is long-mouth).

Syn: nááráncɔ̂

‘big bird’.

náají1 adv. A while ago. Ɛshɔmɔ́ ́tɔ náají ɨlɔ́ɔ Kinayíâ ɛsáyíátá ɛ́nkai. Kinayíâ and others went a while ago for prayers to God. (Pk). Eyéwuo taá nɨnyɛ́ ɛwaŋán amʉ̂ kímísímís náají. Lightness has come because it was dark awhile ago. (Pk).

náají2

n. 1 • Who

are called, who are considered (to be) (lit: that is

said). amʉ̂ ilmatapató náají ɛntɔnatá é púrka ɔlɔɔdɔ́k ́laní because it is the Matapato who are the exactness of Purka and the Loodokilani.

Áyíéú n ́tɛ́m siî náají adʉmʉ́ tanáa kélotú ɔlápâ ɛnkɔ́p. I want you to imagine whether the moon will come to the ground. (Pk). Nélo náají nɛ́yɛ. And he might go and die. (KS). Kóre tɛ n ́rɛ́ʉ́ ɛmbáísikil ínó áŋ ́ndɨm náají atarríayu. When you ride your bike home, you might 2 • Possible.

fall. (W). See: a-jó ‘To say’.

náajokí yíéyîô

n. Wood

dove. The bird name comes from a story about the bird's mother telling it over and over not to do sth., which it went ahead and did.

ɨ-naap ̂ tɛ barɨák

n. Sharp

thin front teeth (of human or animal); canine (sharp side) teeth (lit: those that are brave of jackels). See: ɔl-tag ́lɨg ́lɨ ‘Molar’; a-p ́ ‘To be brave, sharp’; ɛmbáríé ‘Jackal’.

naápishana num. Seven (lit: which are odd). See: sápâ ‘Seven’. naár motí [North] [North] Acc pl: naár motíô. n. [North] Stick insect (lit: which beats the pot).

naárr ̄

adv. 1 • Recently.

2 • Long

ago, those days long ago, esp. when sth. habitual or ́ mʉ́ naárr ̄ k ́nyá ́tá well known used to happen. Ɨdɛ́ inkulukuók? [nàárɪ ́ kɪ ̀nyàìtà ì ̪nkùlù̪kùó̻k] Do you remember those days that we used to eat soil? (W).

naárr ̄ á ́ kátá A particular time long time ago. l-náat [North] [North] Nom sg: l-náât. n. [North] Light stick or club with a mechanical nut attached to the end. See: rúnkú [North] ‘Club’; l-t ́nka ‘Club’. Etymology: < English nut.

naáudó Nom sg: náaudó. [West] Acc sg: nááudo. num. Nine. Ɛŕ á ɨnaudót náatií osésen lɔ́ ltʉŋáni naáudó. There are nine openings in a human body. Nine and numerals ending in nine, such as 49, are special among Maa speakers.

oóudó Nine (masc.). See: ɛ́ntʉ̄rʉ̄j ‘Nine’; saal ‘Nine’. Nábárn Ɨntaré Nom sg: Nábarn Intaré. n.prop. Maasai name for the

Aberdare Range in Kenya, west of Mt. Kenya (lit: which shaves the sheep). Kɛ́ ́rɔ́bɨ oshî Nábarn Ɨntaré. The Aberdare Range is very cold. (Pk). See: a-bárn ‘To shave’; ɨn-taré ‘Sheep, goats’.

ɛ-nabɛl ́

nabô

n. 1 • Salt;

Large salt chunk, which can be licked by animals (lit: that which can be broken off). Eitushúlī oshî ɛnabɛl ́ óé maakát. Soda ash is mixed with salt (ie. for animals). Big chunks of salt are always split into small pieces before use. This is a rather poetic use of the word, and might be used so children wouldn't understand. 2 • Something that is to be broken. 3 • Slang for sodium bicarbonate. Used with chewing tobacco. See: ɛm-boliê; ɛm-bʉlɨɔɨ; ɨn-cʉ́mpi; ɛ-mʉnyán; makaát; ɛnaɨsʉ́kʉt ‘Salt’; a-bɛ́l ‘To rock back and forth’. (feminine). Ɛlʉ́kʉ́nyá nabô oshî ɛɛ́ta ɔltʉ́ŋání. A human being has one head. (Pk). Éísídáí Nom sg: nábo. num. 1 • One

taá doí ɛntáaní amʉ̂ áítúmóki ataása intokitín kúmok tɛ nkatá nábo. Nearness is good because you can do so many things at one time. (Pk). Óre ɨltʉ́ŋáná pɔɔk ́ lɔɔ́ lMáásâ ̂ náa ɛlɛ̂ nt ́pat nábô. [ntɪ ̀pàt nàbò] All people of the Maasai are of the same tribe. (Pk). áanyɔrrakino entóki

nabô to agree on one thing. 2 • One. Áyíéú kʉnâ búkuí aré ɛ Tôm ɔ ɛ́nda nabô ɛ Vincent. I need these two books of Tom's and that one of Vincent's. (W). See: obô ‘One (masculine)’.

ɛ-nadéde

Nom sg: ɛ-nádedé. Acc pl: ɨ-naádedé. Nom pl: ɨ-náadedé. n.

Truth, the truth (lit: that which is true). Éjó oshî ɨltʉŋaná

ɛ́tɔ́n ɛ́ ́tʉ̂ epíú Yésu, káke kóre ɛnadéde etopíwūō ɔpá olêŋ. People always think that Jesus has not resurrected, but the truth is that he resurrected a long time ago. Éjó oshî ɨltʉŋaná meishiunyéki ɔltʉŋáni lóloirírua, káke eishiunyéki. Kóre ɨnaádedé náa, kérikí sipitáli, kérikí oloibóni, ɔ aashʉ̂ eomonokiní. People think that a mad person will not be cured, but he can be cured. The facts are, he can be taken to hospital, he can be taken to a magician, or he can be prayed for. Usage: The verb a-dede has the senses 'to be true', 'to be truthful', and 'to be right'; while the noun ɛs ́pátá conveys the idea of 'truth'..

e-déde It is true. See: as ́pani ‘Truthful’; ɛ-s ́pátá ‘Truth’; a-dedé ‘To be true’.

ɛ-nagʉr kɛwɔ́n

n. Fruit-bat. See: ɛ-sarambalani ‘Fruit-bat’; n-

tɨpát ‘Fruit-bat’.

ɛ-naɨbá ɛnkáí

n. Sth.

disadvantaged or problematic; unfortunate one (lit: the one God hates). See: a-ɨbá ‘To hate’; totût ‘Disadvantaged’.

ɛ-naɨbá nkasís Sth. disadvantaged or problematic. See: a-ɨbá ‘To hate’; ɛ-naɨbá ɛnkáí ‘Sth. disadvantaged or problematic’.

ɛ-naɨbɛ̂

Nom sg: ɛ-ná

́bɛ. Acc pl: ɨ-naaɨbɛ̂. Nom pl: ɨ-náaɨbɛ. n. Disadvantaged one, poor one. See: ɛ-naɨbá nkasís ‘Sth. disadvantaged or problematic’; ɛ-naɨbá ɛnkáí ‘Sth. disadvantaged or problematic’; a-ɨbá ‘To hate’; ɛn-tʉrmái ‘Poor one, disadvantaged one’; totût ‘Disadvantaged’.

ɛ-náíbón

n. The

doing of witchcraft; treating using traditional medicine; forseeing, predicting; prophesying.

e-ná ́bɔ́rr-alɛ́m

n. Interceder

e-ná ́bɔ́rr-siadí

Acc pl: ɨ-náá

(lit: that which is white-knife, ie., a knife not tainted with blood). Grant's gazelle.

́bɔ́rr-siadín. Nom pl: ɨ-náaɨbɔ́rr-siadín. n.

gazella granti (lit: that which is-white behind). Ádɔ́l

ɛndá

ná ́bɔ́rr-siadí. I see that Grant's gazelle. Syn: en-kolií ‘Gazelle’.

ɔl-ɔ́ ́bɔ́r-siadí Grant's gazelle (masc). e-naigára [ènàyɡára] Nom pl: ɨ-ná ́gara. [West] Acc sg: ɛ-naɨgára. [West] Nom sg: ɛ-ná

́gara. [West] Acc pl: ɨ-naa ́gara. [West] Nom pl: ɨ-náaɨgara. n. 1 • Diaphram; [West] Long muscle found just inside the ribs, connecting to the ribs on one side and the intestines on the other. A cow has two, one on each side. Etápéjóki ɛnaɨgára áatumoki. The ɛnaɨgára has been roasted nicely. (W). 2 • Pancreas ? The pancreas is not eaten. 3 • Fat

around the spleen. See: a-ɨgará ‘To hide’; ɛrapátɛ ‘Diaphram’; ɛn-tánū ‘Pancreas’.

naɨláŋa

Nom sg: ná

́lāŋā. n. Mixture of fresh milk warmed on the fire, mixed with a smaller amount of blood and sugar; typically given to women who have just given birth.

ná ́ŋat báâ [North] n. [North] Lark. ɛ-naɨpɔ́sha Nom sg: ɛ-ná ́pɔsha. Acc pl: ɨ-naá ́pɔsha. [Chamus] Acc sg: ɛn-

aɨpɔ́sha. n. Lake (lit: that which heaves). This word is the source for the name Lake Naivasha. tɛ nádóíki nanʉ́ ɛnâ aɨpɔ́shā if I dive into this lake (C). See: a-ɨpɔ́sh ‘To heave, churn’; oltúrótó ‘Lake’; ɛ-sʉ́kʉta ‘Lake’; m-básu ‘Lake’; m-párinko ‘Lake’; ɔlbálbál ‘Lake’.

Náíro

Acc pl: nátóyîê. voc. Term

of address used for addressing a girl; or between women of the same age-set (as determined by their marriage): "Girl!". Náíro, sʉ́pa! Girl, hello! Note: A man may

use this for a women who is of his age-set (ie. married into his ageset) with whom he is very free, friendly, and close. Otherwise, it may be used by anyone addressing a young girl. See: náítō ‘Girl’.

Naɨrɔ́bɨ

Nom sg: Ná

́rɔbɨ. n.prop. Nairobi City, the capital of Kenya (lit: that which is cold). The city took its name from the Nairobi River, which flows by there. It's original name is Nakuso Intelon. various anglicised forms of this name used in the past include Neirobi and Nyrobi. Ɛt́ áshá ɛncân sapʉ́k náturukó ilkɛjɛ́k tɛ Ná ́rɔbɨ. A heavy rain that made streams in Nairobi flow rained. (Pk). See: a-ɨrɔb ́ ‘To be cold.’; ɛnk-árɛ́ Naɨrɔbɨ ‘Nairobi River’; Nakuso Intelon ‘Original Maasai name for Nairobi City’.

Nairówua ɛ-ná ́rrag

n.prop. Name

n. (Place)

of Maasai hero.

where I can sleep, place where I am going to sleep. See: ɛn-k ́rrágátá ‘Sleeping place’; a-ɨrrág ‘To lie down’.

Enaɨrrágīē ɛnkárɛ

n.prop. Place

name about 30 km. east of Narok Town, Narok District, Kenya (lit: where lies down water).

ɛ-naɨsɔ́mɨt n.r. Sour thing (eg. like a lemon) (lit: that which is sour). ɛ-naɨsʉg ́ Nom sg: ɛ-ná ́sʉg .́ Acc pl: ɨ-naa ́sʉgɨ. Nom pl: ɨ-náaɨsʉgɨ. n. Snuff. Ɛp ́ ɛná ́sʉg ́ olêŋ. The snuff is strong. (W). See: aɨsʉgaá ‘To sniffle’.

ɛ-naɨsʉ́kʉt

́sʉkʉ̂t. Acc pl: ɨ-naá ́sʉkʉ̂t. Nom pl: ɨ-náaɨsʉkʉ̂t. n. 1 • Sth. that has a sour taste (lit: that which is sour). 2 • Salt.

Nom sg: ɛ-ná

Ɨncɔɔ́kɨ emborê ̂ ɛ́ nká ́ná ɛ́ naɨsʉ́kʉt. Give me a

handful of salt. (Pk). See: shímpi ‘Salt’. Syn: ɛ-mʉnyán ‘Salt’; ɛnabɛl ́ ‘Sodium bicarbonate; salt’; ɛ-makát ‘Salt’. See: embolíêî ‘Salt lick’; ɛm-bʉlɨɔɨ ‘Salt lick’; ɨn-cʉ́mpi ‘Salt’; a-ɨsʉkʉ́t ‘To be unfresh’.

ɛ-naɨshári

Nom sg: ɛ-náɨshári. Acc pl: ɨ-naáɨsharî. Nom pl: ɨ-náaɨsharî. n.

sth. that has finished. Ɛás ́ta Kónené ɨmbáa naáɨsharî ɔpá. Konene is doing things that were over a long time ago (eg. revision of an exam). Ááta ɛ́máshô ɛnkɔlɔ́ŋ 1 • Past;

naɨshárɨ. [àáta ɛ̀màshò ɛ̀ŋkɔ̀lɔ́ŋ] I had a party the other day. 2 • Deceased woman or child. Usage: polite. Meitókīnī oshî áaipot ɛnkárná é nkiyío naɨshári. People will not mention the name of a deceased child again.

ɔl-ɔɨshárɨ Deceased man. ɛ-naishíaa Nom sg: ɛ-náíshia. Acc pl: ɨ-náishia. Nom pl: ɨ-náishia. n. What is required. Ɛt́ áásá táatá Kɛ́sʉ́ɛ ɛnaishíaa olêŋ. Keswe has done what is required well. Éísīdāī tɛ níás ɛnaishíaa It is good when you do what is required.

ɛ-naishiaakíno What is required. See: a-ishiakinó ‘To do what is appropriate’.

ɛ-naɨshɨr ́ dáma

́shɨr ́ dáma. Acc pl: ɨ-naáshɨrɨ dáma. Nom pl: ɨ-náashɨrɨ dáma. n. 1 • Rattle (lit: that which is cried during the day); (ie. rare during the day). Ɨmɛtúmōyū ɛna ́shɨr ́ dáma élíóó ɛnkɔ́lɔŋ. A trial is never found before sunset. 2 • Four-legged wild animal, with fat tail, that digs in the ground and lives underground. See: l-kelekelé ‘Rattle’.

naít [North]

Nom sg: ɛ-ná

n. [North]

Lapwing; type of bird. [North] ‘Species of water bird’.

See: n-a

́t

naít ɛ́ áŋátá Crowned lapwing. naít ɛ́ ntim Wattled lapwing. naít ɛ́ nkárɛ́ Blacksmith lapwing. Naɨtɛ́rʉkɔ́p Nom sg: Ná ́tɛrʉkɔ́p. n.prop. Beginner of the world; God. náítō

See: a-ɨtɛ́r ‘To

begin’; ɛn-kɔ́p ‘Earth’.

Acc pl: nátóyîê. voc. Term

of address for a girl, or between women of the same age-set (as determined by marriage). See: náírō ‘Girl’.

ɛ-naitúruk

n.r. 1 • The

most important thing. 2 • The one that is leading. See: a-iturúk ‘To precede; pass’.

najé

n. Certain

one, particular (fem). Óre peê ɛakʉ́ ɛ́sáâ najé,

amʉ̂ ɛ́táá káaduŋó táʉ, óu peê áálótú aitujúŋ ɛnkáŋ áí. When it becomes a certain time, because I am just about to die, come so that I will bequeath you my home. (KS). See: ojé ‘Certain one (masc)’; a-jɛ́ [North] ‘To be a certain one)’.

a-nák v.prog. To suck, suckle (of the offspring); nurse. Ɛnak ́ta ɛnkɛrá ́ ɔlk ́na lɛ́ ŋɔ́tɔ́nyɛ́. The child is sucking her/his mother's breast. Nɛ́ɛt́ a ɛnâ tásât ɨnkɛ́ra aré: entítō bótór o ɛnkɨt ́ títō nanak ́ta ɔlk ́na. And this old woman had two children: an older girl and a young girl still suckling her mother's breasts. Mayíólo ajó kɛ́ŋā ̄ ɔ́talaáyie ɨlashɔ́ mɛshɔ́mɔ áanak. I don't know who untied the calves to go suck. (lit: I don't know which untier (it was) that untied the calves to go suck.) (W). Tɔ́bɔla ́nâ kíné peê ɛ́ ́shɔ́rʉ̂ mɛtánaa olkúô. Hold that goat by mouth so that it can allow its kid to suckle. (Pk).

a-ɨtanák To breastfeed, suckle one's young. nakonkóyo [North] n. [North] Hedgehog. en-jólís: ‘Hedgehog’; ntitipayó:

nakʉdɛ́l

‘Hedgehog’.

Nom sg: nákʉdɛ́l. Acc pl: nɔɔ́

Silver bird.

Nakuru nakúrro

n.prop. Anglicized

nakʉdɛ́l. Nom pl: nɔ́ɔ nakʉdɛ́l. n.

name for Nakúrro.

Nom sg: nákurro. n. 1 • n. bare

grassless place.

n.prop.

2 • n.prop. Name

for a lake in the Rift Valley, Kenya, famous for its flamingos (lit: which is scraped bare). 3 • n.prop. Name of a major town near Nakurro Lake (the name has been extended from the lake to the town); Nakuru placename), headquarters of the Rift Valley province. See: akúrr ‘Make bare’; ol-kúrrótó ‘Scraped ground’.

Nakúso

n.prop. Place

name near Ol-karkar, Kajiado District, Kenya

(lit: which-is-decorated).

Nakúso Intélon

name is said to describe the glow of the evening sun shining against and lighting up the yellow tops of the ilera (acacia) trees that line the Nairobi River, giving them a golden glow and making them look like a string of decorations along the river banks.Original Maasai name for Nairobi City (as opposed to the Nairobi River) (lit: which-is-decorated treetops).

naléŋ

adv. Very.

n.prop. This

́ yɔ́r apá ɛnkɔ̂p nɨnyɛ́ naléŋ. The nation Ɛn

loved him very much. (KS). See: olêŋ ‘very’.

nalʉmɛ́ [North]

Nom sg: nálʉmɛ. n. [North]

námárâ [North]

v.aux. [North]

nalʉmɛ́ ‘To sneeze’; ɨl-mamɛ̂n ‘Yawning’. Etymology:

a-naná

Yawning.

See: a-nyá

Except, unless. See: a-rá ‘To be’. From the relative clause, negative form of a-rá 'to be'..

v.mid. 1 • To

be soft or pliable (eg. plastic, rubber [as opposed to hard plastic], a sponge, bread, hard grains soaked in water, fruit). Ɛtʉmʉkákɨ ɨlpáɛ̂k mɛtánaná peé ɛyɨɛrɨ. The maize has been soaked to become soft so as to be cooked. 2 • To be gentle, tender. be young (relative to others). Kɛ́naná ɛnkɛráí ɔ́ɔ larín okúni aláŋ ɛnɔɔ́ larín tɔmɔn. The child of three years is younger than one of ten. Óre hóó dúóó náa ɔlɔɔ́ 3 • To

larín ártam ɔláyíóní, ɛ́tɔ́n aké ɛdɔl mɛnyɛ́ ánaa kɛ́naná. Even though the son is 40, the father still views him as young.

be weak. Míntóki aɨtananíó. Stop making yourself appear weak. (SN). Kɛ́ ́tanánīō alɛ́ áyíóní. This boy is making himself weak. (SN). 4 • To

a-naná ɔltáʉ To be gentle. ɔltáʉ́ ɔ́náná [ɔ̀ltáʊ́ ɔ̀nànà] a soft heart.

a-naná ɔ́shɔ́kɛ To be compassionate. ɔltʉŋáni ɔ́náná ɔ́shɔ́kɛ See: a-puyiapúy ‘To be soft’; a-sɨpá ‘To be smooth’; a-

shál ‘To be weak’.

ɛ-nanái

n. 1 • Softness.

2 • Gentleness.

a-nanáú v. To become soft. nánga [North] n. [North] Coat. Kéíshíópō nánga. He will put the coat on (himself). (S).

nanî [North] adv. [North] A while ago, earlier. Etipíūā dúó nkɛráí náíterríá nanî. [ètìpíwá] The child who fainted a while ago has come back to consciousness. (SN).

náníká [North]

Trough made on the ground for watering animals. See: em-peút ‘Trough’.

nanká nánʉ́

n. 1 • Cloth.

2 • Sheet

n. [North]

Kérúbuk nanká. The cloth is wet. (S).

wrapped around a woman's waist.

Nom sg: nanʉ́. pn. First

person singular pronoun; me, I.

Míkíntóki aurokínó amʉ̂ atanauré sií nanʉ́. Stop leaning on me because I am also tired. (Pk).

nányâ nkík [North]

n. [North]

Hooded vulture (lit: faeces eater). Necrosyrtes monachus. See: en-kínyâ nkík ‘Vulture’.

nanyalasúriaa [North]

Nom sg: nányalasúriaa. Acc

pl: naanyálasúriaa. Nom pl: náanyalasúriaa. n. [North]

eating bird.

nányókíé

1 • Red

Snake-

Nom sg: nányokie. Acc pl: naányokie. Nom pl: náanyokie. n.

(lit: which is red). 2 • The dawn.

ɛ́-nányɔ̂r Nom sg: ɛ-nanyɔr. n. That which favors one. Étéjó dúóó kɛ́s ́p mmɛɛ́ta aké ɛnanyɔr. He said he will finish him, nothing will favor him. (Pk). See: a-nyɔ́r ‘To love, like’.

a-náŋ1 v. 1 • To throw at with force. Ɛt́ ánáŋíé ɔláyíóní enkitejó ɔlcʉrtɛ́t néísīāsh. A boy has thrown a club at the hare and made it unconcious. (Pk).

2 • To

hit with a hard object.

a-naŋak ́ v.dat. To throw to s.o. Ɛɨbʉ́ŋá ɛnkɛrá ́ ɛmp ́ra natanáŋākā Kónené ɛɨtʉ eosh ɛnkɔ́p. The child (has) caught the ball that Konene has thrown before it hit the ground. (W).

a-naŋaá

v.dir. 1 • To

throw away. 2 • To throw down; defeat.

a-naŋíé ɛnkɔ́p v.inst v.phrase. To hit (onto) the ground. a-naŋunyé v.dir v.inst. 1 • To throw toward the point of reference

a-náŋ2

with sth. 2 • To flood, flow (of rivers). See: a-ósh ‘To hit’; a-ipóny ‘To hit’; a-ikúm ‘To hit’; a-ilúg ‘To hit’. v.prog. v.prog. To

die at a particular place. anáŋ sipitali To

die in hospital. 2 • v.prog. To die for.

a-ɨtanáŋ

1 • To

make s.o. suffer for an error; punish for. 2 • [North] To kill as a result of sth.

a-náŋ s ́lɨg v.phrase. To look behind, look over one's shoulder. a-naŋarɛ́ v.mid v.inst. To meet with s.o. or sth. as it comes. Injí taá ɛ́nkʉnari amʉ̂ ́náŋárɛ́rɛ. Go this way because you (pl) will meet them coming. (Pk). See: a-náŋ ‘To hit’.

a-ɨtanaŋarɛ́

v.cause. To

náŋ ‘To hit’.

make sth. or s.o. meet as it comes.

áa-naŋaro v.mid.pl. To wrestle. Kínaŋáro. We will wrestle. Kitánaŋaróte. We wrestled. ɛ-náŋáro Nom sg: ɛ-naŋáro. n. Wrestling. a-naŋaroré v.mid v.inst. To wrestle with. a-naŋoré v. To break out against. náɔ́dɔ́ [North] n.r. [North] Tall. See: a-adɔ́ ‘To be tall’.

See: a-

a-náp v.prog. 1 • To carry (typically on the back). Átɔ́duaa oltórróboní ɛnapɨta ɔɨnkát ɔtará. I saw hunter carrying meat of a wildebeast he killed. (Pk). Ɨncɔɔ́kɨ ɔlbɛ́nɛ́ lánápíé inkɨláni. Give me a bag to use for carrying clothes. (Pk). Kɛ́nap ́ta ntámesí lkʉ́rʉ́pâ kitó. The camels are carrying lots of luggage. (SN). Ɛnáp ́ta ɔlŋatúny ɛnkɛ́ráí tɛ nkʉtʉ́k. The lion is carrying its cub in its mouth. (W). anáp ɛnkárɛ́ To carry water. 2 • To

take care of s.o. by providing the basic necessities of life. Káanáp oltʉŋáni. (i) The person will carry me (on his back/shoulder). (ii) The person will take care of me. See: aɨbʉ́ŋ ‘To catch, take care of’.

a-napá

pack up luggage. 2 • To take up arms.

a-ɨtanáp

v.mid. 1 • To

make carry. 2 • To order, command; give instructions. 3 • [North] To charge s.o. with an errand. 4 • [North] To see s.o. off with a gift.

a-napá

1 • To

get ready, prepare oneself (eg. for a trip); pack up luggage, take up arms.

a-napaá

v.mid. To

v.dir. 1 • To

carry away, carry off. 2 • [North] To barge in, barge through (eg. a crowd, the bush).

a-napʉ́ v.dir. To carry hither. See: a-ɨtanáp ‘To give orders’. a-nár [North] v. Usage: vulgar. [North] To commit sexual intercourse.

nára [North]

intercourse.

See: nára ‘Sexual

intercourse’.

Nom sg: nárâ. n. Usage: vulgar. [North] See: en-kiyopó ‘Sexual

intercourse’.

Sexual

a-narɛ́ [North]: a-nɛrɛ́. v. 1 • To be fitting, suitable, appropriate. Káanarɛ́ ɛnâ kɨlâ. This cloth (piece of clothing) looks good

on me (makes me look good). Áatanárɛyia ɛná k ́lâ. This cloth suits me. (W). Kɛ́nɛ́rɛ́ nkáí rrɛ́pɛt. God is worthy of praise. (SN). Ká ́tánárɛyíá iróreí I will make myself be liked. (lit: I will make my words look good.). Saying this might result in people thinking negatively towards the speaker.

to; be suitable, desirable, appropriate. Kɛ́nárɛ́ nɛ́yayíéki ɛnâ kɨlâ inkulîê. It is better to include this cloth in with the others. Ɛnárɛ̄ nɛ́nyɔk inkɛ́râ pɔ́ɔk ̄ ̄ náatií sukúul. All the children in school ought to work hard. (Pk). See: a-itanareyíá ‘Should’; a-iririkinó; a-ishiaakinó; anyɔrɛ́ ‘To be suitable’. 2 • Ought

a-ɨtanarɛyíá v.cause. To (try to) match things. áa-narɨcɔ [North] v.pl. [North] To have sex. Usage: taboo. a-narikinó v. 1 • To ought to. Kɛ́náríkínō n ́sʉj ɨnká ́k ɛ́ ́tʉ̂ ɨnyá ɛndáa. You ought to wash your hands before eating food.

be suitable. Mɛnárɛ̄ nɛ́árá ɨltʉŋaná tɛ nkâŋ ɔ́ɔ ntaléŋo. It is not suitable for people to fight in a ceremonial home. 3 • To match (eg. colors). 4 • To fit well (eg. clothes). See: a-ishiaakinó ‘To be suitable’. 2 • To

narocúni [North]

n. [North]

[North] ‘Waterbuck’.

nárɔ́k

Waterbuck.

See: n-calaguté

Nom sg: nárɔk. Acc pl: naárɔɔ́k. Nom pl: náarɔɔ́k. n. (That)

which is

black. ɛnkalámu nárɔ́k black pen. Tɔ́bɔɨnʉ́ ɛndâ k ́tɛ́ŋ wúâs ɔ́ ɛ́ndâ nárɔ̄k peê éúdí. Bring that cow with the patch on the side/belly together with that black one to be vaccinated. (Pk). See: a-rɔ́k ‘To be black’.

ɛnk-árɛ́ nárɔ́k

1 • The

Narok river in Narok District. 2 • Clean water (Lit. black water).

e-nárɔ́k kʉ́tʉ́k

monkey. cercopithecus aethiops. 2 • [North] Burchell's zebra (lit: black mouth). See: olóítíkó ‘Zebra’. 3 • [North] Sequence of four days at the end of the waning moon, preceding earuto e lapa.

Nárɔ̄k

n.phrase. 1 • Vervet

Nom sg: Nárɔk. n.prop. Part

of the name of a river, ɛnkárɛ́ nárɔ̄k, which has been extended to the township Narok, the Headquarters of Narok District in Kenya (lit: which-is-black). See: a-rɔ́k ‘To be black’.

nárrááncô [North]

Nom sg: nárraanco. Acc pl: narraanconí. Nom

pl: nárraanconí. n. [North]

Big meat-eating bird with a long beak. See: ɛ-náádɔ́kʉtʉ́k ‘Big bird’.

narrɨ Recently. Nárrúká n.prop. Place name. nas ́pa ɛ́ nkomóm [North]

n.phrase. [North]

which is smooth of the face).

Forehead (lit: that

ɛ-nasiríé1 Nom sg: ɛ-nasiríé. n. 1 • The earliest light of morning; dawn. Ɛnasiríé ɛnkɔ́lɔŋ. The sun has just risen. 2 • Morning.

tanásirie in the morning. See: tɛ sɨrán ‘Dawn’; ɛnkakɛnyá ‘Morning’; a-s ́r ‘To mark’.

nasʉnkɔ́yɔ [North]

Nom sg: násʉnɔ́yɔ. Acc pl: nasʉnkɔyɔn .́ Nom

pl: nasʉnkɔyɔn .́ n. acanthaceae; justicia diclipteroides. [North]

Shrimpplant, which is good smelling. See: e-sonkóyo ‘Shrimp-plant’.

ɛ-nashɔmɔ́ 2 • Sth.

n.r. 1 • One

who has gone away.

finished. 3 • Deceased person (female). Usage: polite.

ɔl-ɔshɔmɔ́ 1 • Masculine gender form of the preceding. Etópúá ɔlcátá tuunó ɔlápa ɔshɔmɔ́. The tree that I planted last month is reviving. (eg. Perhaps it was wilting and almost

dying when I planted it.) (W). 2 • Deceased male.

Nashʉrʉ

n.prop. Name

given to a woman who is married when it is raining (lit: the one that will come when it is raining).

a-nát [North]

v. 1 • [North]

To rub clothes or skins together, eg. between the hands when washing. To soften skin by rubbing with hands. Kánat nkɨlâ. I will soften the skin for use as cloth. (SN). 3 • [North] To beat thoroughly. 2 • [North]

a-nataá [North]

v. [North]

To spit through the lips. [North] ‘To spit forcefully through the teeth’.

See: a-ɨsɨgaá

ɛ́-nátîû n. The one (fem) that is like. Étíú ɛnkáyíóní ɛ́nátîû mɛnyɛ́. A boy is like his father. Áyíólo ɛ́nátîû. I know what it is/I know how it is. (W). See: a-tíú ‘To be like’; a-atá ɛ́nátîû ‘To have a problem’.

natiwúó n. Mother (lit: who gave birth). Átóduaa ɛntásat natiwúó ɔlcɔrɛ́ lɛ mpapa. I have seen an old woman of my grandmother's age who is the mother of my father's friend. (Pk). See: a-íú ‘To give birth’; in-tóiwúó ‘Parents’.

nátɔmɔnɔn ́

of address for a grown up woman. Nátɔmɔnɔ́k, ɛ́ntakúɛ́nya! Women, hello!

ɛ-náúdótó

1 • Hole

Acc pl: nátɔmɔnɔ́k. voc. Term

Nom sg: ɛn-audotó. Acc pl: in-audót. Nom pl: in-áudot. n.

(lit: that which is pierced) (eg. a hole drilled in the ground, as when one is looking for water). 2 • Window.

Ɛg ́ra empúruo ayɨmʉ́ ɛnáúdótó ɛ́ nkají.

The smoke is coming through the hole of the house. (Pk). See: eúdótó ‘Hole’; e-lusíét; ɔl-ɔŋʉ́ ‘Window’.

-naʉ́r

be tired. Mɨk ́nauru. We will not tire. (C). Ɛnaʉ́rɨtâ. They became tired. 2 • To be(come) impatient. See: a-ɨnáʉ́r ‘To tire’; a-shalú ‘To become weak’. [North]: -náuri. v. 1 • To

a-naʉrá

v.mid. 1 • To

be tired as a result of physical activity; be fed up, weighed down (by sth.). Ánáʉra. I am tired. Ɛnaʉ́ra ɔlpáyian amʉ̂ ɛ́táásá ɛsíai sápʉk. The man is tired because he has done a lot of work. Á ́tánáʉra. I have made him/her tired. Ká ́tánáúrie. I will use it to tie him/her down. ɔltʉŋáni ɔtanaʉ́rɛ̄ a person who has become/is tired/weighed down.

To be sleepy. Ɛtáánáʉ́rɛ ɛnkɛráí. The child became sleepy. (W). For K, Pk a-naʉrá 'be tired' does not refer to sleepiness. For W, 'physically tired' is the first sense, but could also be used for just 'sleepy'. 2 • [West]

a-tanaʉrɛ́ v.mid v.pf. 1 • To be tired; weighed down due to sth. Míkíntóki aurokínó amʉ̂ átánáʉ́rɛ sií nanʉ́. Stop leaning on me because I am also tired. (Pk). Káŋás ayɛŋiyɛŋá amʉ̂ átánáʉ́rɛ. I am first taking a rest because I am tired. (Pk). 2 • To be impatient.

a-naurú náuri [North] v.incep. 1 • To become tired. Kánáúru. I will be tired. ɔltʉŋáni ɔnaúru person who is tired. 2 • To

be tired. See: a-ɨnaʉrá ‘To be tired’; a-imúg ‘To doze’; ashalú ‘To become weak’.

ɛ-nauré kokóyo

n. Protruding

bones on both sides of the (human) ankle (lit: the fear of the Kikuyu).

naʉr ́ [North] n. [North] Tiredness. See: a-naʉrá ‘To be tired’. a-naurú v. To be tired. ɔltʉŋáni ɔnaúru person who is tired. See: a-náʉ́r ‘To

ncére

be tired’.

Variant: ncɛ́rɛ. dem. 1 • That.

that. Átéjō doí ncɛ́rɛ peê elotu tɛnákatá. I have said that he must/should come now. (Pk). 2 • Complemetizer;

Ɛnâ taá ɛntɔnatá ɔ́ɔ ̄ lɔmɔ́n ncɛ́rɛ mátayookinotó tenê. This is the conclusion of the conversation, that we meet in the morning right here. (Pk). See: ɨncɛ́rɛ ‘That’.

ɛ́ncɔm -ncɔɔ

v.imp. Plural

imperative for 'go'.

See: shɔ́mɔ; cómō ‘Go

In some suffixed forms: -ncɔɔr. v.subj. Subjunctive

(sg)’.

root for a-ɨshɔ́ ́ ́ 'give, allow'. Ɨncɔɔ ɛnkɛ́ráí ɛndáa. Feed the baby. Néjokí ɨlɛ́wâ, ɛ́ncɔɔ naá iyíóók ɨlarín ajá, oópishana. The men told him, "Give us how many years, seven.". ɨncɔɔ́kɨ inkeék uní. Give me 3000! ncɔ́ɔ tɛnákatá tɛnádóíki nanʉ́ ɛnâ aɨpɔ́shā if I drop into this lake (C).

ndísi [North]

Nom sg: ndísî. n. [North]

maisurí ‘Banana’.

né-

voc. Vocative

nɛ́-

Variant: né-; n-. Prefix

Banana.

See: ɔl-

prefix. Óre peê ɛɨsh ́r, nɛ́ranyak ́ osínkólīō: "Népápâ, néyíéyíô, káínyɔ̄ɔ ̄ oshî n ́k ̄nyā?" When she cried, she would sing her a song: "Of my father, of my mother, what makes you cry?". used with demonstratives to create a Locative prediction. The demonstrative occurs in its Nominative form (but also reflects possible tone sandhi processes). Nɛ́ɨlɔ̂. There he is.

nɛ́ákʉ̄

[North] Acc sg: nɛ́akʉ́. conj. So

then; therefore. LING: Consecutive form of a-akʉ́ 'to become'. See: a-akʉ́ ‘To become’; bási ‘So, so then’.

neanáce [North] nebô

[North] Nom sg: néanáce. n. [North]

Mother's sister's daughter; "niece". See: ɛnk-anáshɛ. Phon: The /ea/ vowel cluster is unusual. Nom sg: nébō. n. 1 • Together

(lit: that which is one).

(place). Míntóki doí auló aló endê, níló endê shɔ́mɔ dúóó tɔ́tɔna tɛ wúéji nébō. Stop going there, and then there; go and stay in one place. (Pk). See: nabô ‘One (fem)’; obô ‘One (masc)’. 2 • One

negúm [North] n. [North] Valley. néíjia Variant: néíja; néjia; neija ?? Sicard23. adv. Thus; like that, in that way. Néíjia táatá eikunúnó ɨltʉŋaná. People are now like that. Nɛ́ranyak ́ aké aɨkʉnaá néíjia ánaa aké. She sang to her like that every day. Nɛ́ākʉ̄ néíjia étíú ɛnkíyamá ɔ́ɔ lMáásā ̄. So that is how marriage in Maasai (culture) is. (W).

ɛ-nɛɨkʉnári n.r. Participant (lit: the one who does). ɛnɛɨkʉnári enkikilikúánarɛ instruction(s) to (a) participant. See: aɨkʉ́ ‘To do’.

e-neímu ɛn-kɛráí

Acc pl: i-néemu

ɨn-kɛ́ra. n. Birth canal (lit: passageway of the child). See: a- ́m ‘To pass’; en-kóítóí ɛ́nkɛrai ‘Birth canal’.

(n)ɛ́ ́sʉ̄l Especially. néjia [North] adv. [North] In that way, like that. See: néíjia ‘In that way’.

néjī It is said. e-nekerretí n. Two protruding hoof-like pieces of flesh on the back of an animal's hooves. wrist’; ɛ́nɛ̂ ‘of’.

e-nekinkô

See: ol-kerretí ‘Piece

n. Relativization

of skin worn on

of the verb a-ikó(n) 'to do like'; what is

done, how to do. K ́shɔmɔ́ entúmo áayɨɨmakɨ enekinkô tenékitum iropiyianí. We went to the meeting to discuss how (lit: what we will do) we will get the funds. (W).

nékûâ

Nom pl: nekûâ. [North] Acc sg: nokûâ. dem. Feminine

nékûê

Nom pl: nekûê. dem. Place

plural 3rd distal demonstrative; those. See: Pronouns-Demonstratives. plural 3rd distal demonstrative; there, those places. See: Pronouns-Demonstratives.

nɛkʉm ́lɔ [North] n. [North] A historical famine. nélekʉ́a dem. Predicates location existence of a masculine plural

nɛ́lɛ̄

item; 'Here they are.'. dem. Predicates

location existence of a masculine singular item; 'Here it is'. See: nɛ́lɨdɔ̂ ‘There it is’.

nɛ́lɨdɔ̂

dem. Predicates

location existence of a masculine singular item; 'There it is'. Nɛ́lɨdɔ̂ ɔlk ́tɛ́ŋ. There is the cow.

nɛ́mɛ́ hɔ́ɔ ́ nyɔ́ɔ ́ n. Sth. useless. Kɛ́nyá n ́nyɛ entóki nɛ́mɛ́ hɔ́ɔ ́ nyɔ́ɔ.́ He eats what is useless. (KS). See: á ́nyɔ̄ɔ ̄ ‘What’. némelíl Acc pl: ɨn-ɔɔ́ némelíl. Nom pl: ɨn-ɔ́ɔ némelíl. n. Hyena. Syn: ɔlŋɔj ́nɛ ‘Hyena’.

ɛ-nɛ́mɛ́nɛ́ŋa

nɛ́nâ

nɛ́nā

nénê

n. Where

the dead are. This place is not heaven. It is not a good place, and whether one lived a good or bad life makes no difference -- all go there. There is some sense of a "hole" and of a place that is never filled up (there is always more room). People don't want to see life this way, and so don't want to talk about it or dwell on it. Some find it frightening or scary. Note: lk and mk say this whole topic is "not normal", and would prefer to not keep talking about it. For lk, it is frightening, scary. Shɔ́mɔ ɔlakatɨp ́kɛ ɛnɛ̂mɛ́nɛ́ŋa! May you go to the abyss! This is an abusive evil wish for s.o. to die. Nom pl: nɛnâ. dem. Feminine

plural 2nd distal demonstrative;

those. Tákedo shʉ́márotó íntayú nɛ́nâ shɨp ́shɨp nát ́p ́ka. [ɪ ́ntàjú ! nɛ́ná ʃɪ ̀pɪ ́ʃɪ ̀p] Go to the roof of the house and get me those slender branches I have put (there). (Pk). Tɛ́yɨɛra nɛ́nâ kiwúó peê á ́pɨr. [tɛ́yyɛra nɛ̀nà kìwwó] Boil that soup so that I stir it. (W). Inkírí nɛnâ ná ́nɔs ́ta. What I was eating was meat. (W). See: Pronouns-Demonstratives. dem. Predicates

location and existence of a feminine singular item; 'Here it is'. Káló ayaʉ́ ɛnká ́ amʉ́kɛ amʉ̂ nɛ́ná ɛnká ́. I am going to get the other shoe because one is here. (Pk). See: nɛ́- ‘Locative predicate prefix’. [nènè] Nom pl: nenê. dem. Place

plural 2nd distal demonstrative;

there, those places.

See: Pronouns-Demonstratives.

nénekúa

dem. Predicates

nénekúe

dem. Predicates

location and existence of feminine plural items; 'There they are (fem)'. location and existence of plural placegender items; 'There they are (places).'.

nene(n) dem. Those (place gender). See: nénê ‘There, those places’. a-nɛnɛ́ŋ v. 1 • To be light in weight. Ɛnɛnɛ́ŋ enkíne aláŋ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. A goat is lighter than a cow. Kɛ́nɛnɛ́ŋ aná p ́ra. This ball is light. (SN). ɔltʉŋáni ɔ́nɛ́nɛ́ŋ person who is light in weight. 2 • To be active, energetic, able to do more things (including movement).

a-ɨtɛnɛnɛ́ŋ nénē

Ant: a-iroishí

be thin, diluted’.

dem. Predicates

it is (place)'.

‘Heavy’. To make light.

See: a-bɛbɛ́k ‘To

location or existence of a singular place; 'Here

nénkimojínoô [North]

n. [North]

Sickness that affects the fingers making them swell (lit: of the finger). See: olkimojíno ‘Finger’.

nénkultóldia [North] n. [North] Little finger. ɛ-nɛɔ́rɔ̄rɛ̄ n. Boundary. a-nɛrɛ́ [North] [North] To be fitting. See: a-narɛ́ ‘To be fitting’. nérêt [North] [North] Nom sg: nérêt. n. [North] Area under the tongue (in humans).

a-nɛ́t v. To metaphorically pull away from sth. (of humans). ɛ-nɛʉrɛ́ kɔkɔ́yɔ Nom sg: ɛ-nɛ́ʉrɛ́ kɔkɔ́yɔ. Acc pl: ɨ-nɛɛ́ʉrɛ kɔkɔ́yɔ. n. Usage: human. Ankle bone. Áayâ ɛnɛ́ʉrɛ́ kɔkɔ́yɔ. My ankle bone is sick. (W). kʉndâ nɛɛ́ʉrɛ kɔkɔ́yɔ those ankle bones (W). See: ol-ouré kokóyo ‘Ankle’.

nɛwɔ́rɔrɛ [Chamus]

n. [Chamus]

Boundary.

See: ɛm-báka; ol-

kírríé; ol-pólósíé; ɛ-r ́shátá ‘Boundary’.

nɨncɛ́ n ́nɨ

Nom pl: n

́ncɛ. pn. Third person plural pronoun. Accusative: 'them'. Nominative: 'they'. Ádúŋ nɨncɛ́. I will cut them. Áadûŋ n ́ncɛ. They will cut me. (W). Nom sg: n

́n .́ n. Name used by a child to address to his/her mother. Usage: Colloquial (?). N ́nɨ, kááyíéú ɛndáa! Mother, I want food! Eyáwúá ŋolé n ́n ́ oltulét olotó ailísh aɨtáá enkúkúrí. Yesterday my mother brought a gourd in its natural state so as to make a usable gourd out of it. (Pk). Syn: yieyíô ‘mother’.

nɨnyɛ́

Nom sg: n

́nyɛ. pn. 1 • Third person singular pronoun; accusative form 'him, her, it'; nominative form 'he, she, it'. Áílúgo nɨnyɛ́. I hit him. (W). Áailugó n ́nyɛ. She hit me. (W). Nɨnyɛ́ ójēū. He/she is the one who will be saved. (W). nɨnyɛ́ ́ kɛwán he himself, she herself. Ɨmbʉŋá ɛnâ óítóí amʉ̂ nɨnyɛ́ nékírík enetií ilótorok. Follow this path because it leads you to where the bees are. (W). 2 • Emphatic marker, for both singular and plural referents. When emphasizing a noun phrase, it may precede another demonstrative. It may also precede clausal predications.

́ ́ɨm enê amʉ̂ késur; mmɨdɔ́l doí nɨnyɛ́ enkóítóí. Ɛm

a-níŋ

Do not pass here, because it is dangerous; you do not even see the footpath. (Pk). Kéyéwuo dúóó aké n ́nyɛ ɛlɛ́ páyian This man just came. (Pk). Ɛt́ ʉ́shʉ́tári doí n ́nyɛ ɨlɔ̂ ashé aɨŋataá ɨlkʉlîê. That calf has leapt away ahead of others. (Pk). Shɔ́mɔ ɛncʉ́mátá oldóínyó amʉ̂ nɨnyɛ́ etíí inkíshu. Go to the top of the hill because there the cows are. (Pk). v.prog. 1 • To

hear. Áníŋíto ɔlŋátúny eipúrr. I am hearing

a lion roar. Náā tɛn ́n ́ŋ anáá tɛn ́dɔ́l tɔ́kī m ́mputúkuny aké. And when you hear or see anything, do

not be afraid. Kíntóniŋ táatá. You will make me hear it today. (W).

sense, perceive; feel. Peê íjo á ́bʉŋ ɛnká ́ná aikó injí, nínīŋ ajó kéíróíshi. If you try to hold the hand (of the child) like this, you sense (lt. hear) that she is heavy. Íjó doí káníŋíto emíón tɛná aló. I am feeling pain on this side (of my body). (Pk). Áníŋíto ɛnkɨjápe. I am cold. Áníŋíto emúnótó. I am feeling a pinch. 2 • To

obey. Éníŋ ɛnkɛráí mɛnyɛ. A child obeys his/her father. 4 • [North] To understand (eg. an instruction, a language). 5 • [North] To respond to a medical treatment. 3 • To

a-niŋó

v.mid. 1 • To

be heard. 2 • To be well-known; famous.

be agreeable. áaniŋo To be agreeable (pl). ɔltʉŋáni oníŋo a person who is agreeable. 3 • To

a-niŋishó

v.apass. 1 • To

who is obedient.

be obedient. ɔltʉŋáni oníŋīshō person

be awake. Eningishóyu. (i) He/she will wake up from sleep. (ii) He/she will learn a lesson. 3 • To be able to hear. 2 • To

a-niŋokí

v.dat. 1 • To

listen to.

agree with. Áníŋóki. I will agree with him. 3 • [North] To overhear. 2 • To

a-niŋokinoré v.dat v.mid v.inst. To agree on sth. a-niŋoó v.dir. To hear on the way out, hear going away. a-niŋú v.dir. 1 • To hear coming towards the point of reference. 2 • To know. tɛ níyīēū níniŋú oróréī if you want to know the word (C).

understand. Kéniŋú ɛlɛ́ tʉ́ŋání olêŋ. This person will understand it well. (C). See: a-yanyit ‘To obey’. 3 • To

e-niŋét

Nom sg: e-níŋet. Acc pl: i-niŋéta. Nom pl: i-níŋeta. n. Ear

ol-niŋó

n. 1 • Agreement,

(lit: Thing for hearing). See: en-kíook; ɛ-márórōī; en-kulalé ‘Ear’. understanding. 2 • Covenant, contract. 3 • [North] Living together in harmony. 4 • Fame. See: a-níŋ ‘To hear’.

e-níŋōrē

n. 1 • Understanding,

2 • Sense

of hearing.

níra [North]

listening.

[North] Nom sg: nírâ. [North] Acc pl: n-raí. n. [North]

disease characterized by swollen glands, eg. mumps.

Human

i-njí [North] Acc sg: njí. dem. This way; in this way. nkakúyiaâ Nom sg: nkákuyiaâ. n. Grandfather. See: ɔl-akúyiaâ; akúyia ‘Grandfather’.

nkárak ́ [North]

Because of. tɛ nkárak ́ íno Because of you. See: ɛnk-árak ́ ‘Because of’.

nkeldé

n. [North]

n. Game

of target practice for spear throwing. A cylindrical target is rolled along the ground, and a spear should pierce it and knock it over. This is not done with a rungu or knife.

nkó [North]

See: a-yá ‘To

v.imp. [North]

take’.

Take this! Nkotín! Take this (pl)!

no- Existential particle. See: na- ‘There is’. nobô [North] num. [North] One place. nokûâ [North] [North] Feminine plural 3rd distal

demonstrative; those. North Samburu variant of nekûâ. See: Pronouns-Demonstratives.

E-nolkaria

of some small hills towards the north-east end of Ngorongoro crater, Tanzania (lit: it-of-red-ochre).

e-nóŋótó

n.prop. Name

Nom sg: e-noŋotó. Acc pl: i-noŋót. Nom pl: i-noŋót. n. Valley.

Note: E-nóŋótó

nɔɔ́

is shallower than e-úlulû. púkúroto ‘Valley’; ɔl-kɛjʉ́ ‘Stream’.

See: e-úlulû; ɔ-yɛ́rátá; em-

psr.prt. 1 • Possessor

particle indicating plural possessor of a feminine item; of. Nɔɔ́-nkɔ́kua ɛndá. That is Nɔɔ́-nkókua [= a female proper name]. (lit: That is the one of the Pleiades). (W). 2 • Predicates location and existence of plural feminine items; 'Here they are (fem)'. Nɔɔ́ Nɔɔ́-nkɔ́kua kʉndá. Those are (all) [named] Nɔɔ́-nkɔ́kua. (W). See: ɔɔ́ ‘Possessor particle, of’.

nɔ́ɔlɔ́

dem. Predicates

location and existence of plural masculine items; 'Here they are (masc)'. Nɔ́ɔlɔ́ ltʉ́ŋáná. Here are the men. See: nɔɔ́ ‘Plural possessor of a feminine item; predicator of existence’.

noó-mporo [North]

Bloody diarrhoea in calves. See: m-póróí [North] ‘Roasted clotted blood’.

nɔ́ɔná

n.pl. [North]

location and existence of plural feminine items; 'Here they are (fem)'. Nɔ́ɔná nderó. Here are the rats.

ɔ́l-nɔ́ɔŝ

dem. Predicates

Nom sg: ɔ́l-nɔɔs. Acc pl: íl-nóósî. Nom pl: íl-noosi. n. Barrel,

container.

ɛ́-nɔ́ɔŝ Wooden container. ɛ-nɔɔ́sɨlân n. Girl who dies uncircumcised; typically implies an adolescent but could be used for s.o. younger. See: ɔlá ́mówúárani ‘Adolescent boy who dies uncircumcised’.

a-nɔtaá [North]: nataá. v.dir. To spit sth. Kɛ́nɔtáa ɔltásât ɨnkamʉlák ó́ lkumpaú. The old man spit tobacco saliva. a-nɔtá v.mid. To continously spit over and over. Ɛnɔ́ta ɔltʉ́ŋání ómuoi. The sick person spits over and over. See: a-ɨsɨkaá ‘To spit’; ɛnk-ámʉ́lák ‘spit blessing’.

a-nɔtak ́ In some suffixed forms: -nɔtakɨn. v. To spit on. Nɛ́nɔtakɨn ́ ɛnkʉ́tʉ́k He is spit on on the mouth (ie. blessed). (KS).

a-notó v.mid. 1 • To have found, have gotten. Éítuani taá dúóó táatá imbáâ ámaâ kinotô pɔɔk ́ tóki nikíyíéú. Things

are beautiful today since we have gotten all that we wanted. (Pk). Kóre tɛ nɛ́tashá ŋolé ánáátá kinotô ɛnkárɛ́ nekíntukúyie inkíshú. If it could have rained yesterday, we could have gotten water that we (could) spray/wash cows with. (W). Enótó naá táatá ɛsíáai ɛnyɛ́. She has found her work today (ie. what makes her happy). Enótó ɔlbáɛ amʉ̂ ɛ́tábátátá ɛngárî. He got a wound because of the car accident. (Pk). Ɛg ́ra oshî táatá n ́nyɛ ɔltáání atumokí ámaâ naá enotó esíái. So-and-so is succeeding because he has gotten a job. (Pk). Káji apá ínótíé kʉnâ kíshú naábanjí? Where did you find this (large) number of cows?

Ɛtabáúá ɔlárî peê méítokiní áapuo áaok incoó tɔɔ́ lkɛjɛk, amʉ̂ ɛnótokí ɛnkárɛ́ narúko. The rainy season has come so the cattle will not be taken to wells, because flowing water has been found. (Pk).

have met. Kénotótekí áanyɔrrakino. People met together to agree. 2 • To

a-notokí v.dat. To know. ́-ntadóí v.imp. Imperative form for 'Let sth. down, lower it!'. Táŋasa ́ntadóí iyíóók. "Let us down first!". See: aitadoyíó ‘To let sth. down’.

ntomoni ɛ́ntʉ̄rʉ̄j

num. Ninety. See: ntomoni

ntomoni saal ‘Ninety’; tɔ́mɔ̂n ‘ten’.

nááudo ‘Ninety’;

ntómóní náápishana num. Seventy. See: ntomonisápâ [North]. ntomoni nááudo num. Ninety. See: ntomoni ɛ́ntʉ̄rʉ̄j ‘Ninety’; ntomoni saal [North] ‘Ninety’.

ntomoniílê [North] num. [North] Sixty (lit: six tens). ntomonisáâl [North] num. [North] Ninety. ntomonisapâ [North] num. [North] Seventy. See: ntómóní

náápishana ‘Seventy’.

ntomonisêt [North] num. [North] Eighty. -nua v.imp. Imperative or subjunctive variant for a-ɨnɔ́k 'to light (a fire, lamp)'.

é-núáâsh

Sheep.

See: a-ɨnɔ́k ‘To

kindle sth.’.

Nom sg: e-nuaash. Acc pl: i-núááshí. Nom pl: i-nuaashí. n.

́ ʉ́k. He cover over, fill in a hole (with soil). Ɛn will cover it. Enukíé. He will cover it with it. Kɛ́nʉkʉ́ta. He is filling the hole (with soil). (S). 2 • To plug. 3 • To hide or conceal information. See: a-isudoó ‘To hide’. 4 • To bury. 5 • To close, seal. 6 • To fold.

a-nʉ́k

v.prog. 1 • To

a-nʉkaá

v.dir. 1 • To

hide by filling in a hole.

bury. Tɛ nɛ́yɛ̄ oshî ɔltʉ́ŋání népúóí áanʉkaa osésen. When s.o. dies, the body is burried. (Pk). 2 • To

a-nukíé [North] hide from’.

a-nʉkʉ́

v.inst. [North]

To hide from.

See: a-isudoríé ‘To

v.dir. 1 • To

come down as mist. 2 • [North] To cloud over. 3 • To rain heavily. 4 • To be in sad moods. Usage: figurative. See: a-ijuluús ‘To be in sad moods’. 5 • To cover a hole.

a-núl [North] v. [North] To go. Tunúlō nɛ́nyâ ɔltɔ́mɛ́ nínya. If you go where elephants are eaten, you also eat. (S). a-nunúá v.mid. To bend ones body forward with the limbs kept close to the body. This is usually done by a person while sleeping or when feeling cold.

a-nunúk v.prog. 1 • To cover sth. in your hand(s) so no one can see it. Túnunuko iropiyianí peê mɛ́dɔ̄l ̄. Hide the money in your hand so it can't be seen. 2 • To fold, coil, roll up, scrunch up. 3 • [North] To twist. See: a-ɨrɨn; a-mɔn ́r; a-pɨyá ́ ‘To twist’; kúnúnûk ‘Hiding game’.

l-núnukó [North]

n. [North]

Buffalo. See: ɔl-árrɔ; olósokuan ‘Buffalo’; l-máaca; parsaláash [North] ‘Buffalo’.

ɛ-nʉ́rrʉ́bátá n. See: ɛ-rʉ́bátá ‘joint’. e-núsu1 Nom sg: en-usúí. Acc pl: i-núsuí. Variant: i-núsūn. Nom pl: i-nusún. n. 1 • Cow

of a species that lacks a hump. 2 • Dairy cow ? 3 • Money (plural form). Usage: plural.

e-núsu2 Nom sg: e-núsû. Acc pl: i-núsuí. Nom pl: i-núsuí. n. Half. enúsu é nkílo half a kilo. Borrowed word: Swahili nusu 'half, small, partly'. i-núsuí n.pl. Money. See: e-núsu ‘Humpless cow species’. a-nʉ́t v. 1 • To slip out of one's hand; fumble, drop. Káatʉnʉtá. I dropped it. (S). 2 • To detach, loosen. 3 • [North] To get over an illness; recover.

a-ɨtʉnʉ́t To make let off. a-nʉtá v.mid. To be pregnant (of a human). Nɛ́tɔn apákē ɔmɛtʉ́nʉtayú. She stayed until she conceived. M ́nʉtáyu. Don't get pregnant. Kɛ́tʉnʉ́tɛ ntitó. The girl is pregnant. (SN). Kɛ́nʉtáɨ nkítok. The woman will be made/become

pregnant. (SN). See: a-iroishí ‘To be pregnant, heavy’; a-tɔnɨk ́ ‘To impregnate (of an animal)’.

a-ɨtʉnʉ́t v.cause. To impregnate (of a human). a-nutayí [North] v.incep. [North] To get pregnant. nʉtá ̄ [North] [North] Nom sg: nʉ́tā .̄ n. [North] Pregnancy (of

humans).

Ny - ny ny Letter sequence representing the Maa alveopalatal nasal sound [ɳ].

a-nyá

eat sth. chewable. Ányá ́ta ɛndáa. I am eating food. (K). Ányɛ́ ́ta ~ Ányá ́ta ɛndáa. I am eating food. (W). Kɛ́nyɛ́ ́ta ndáa. He is eating food. (S). Ág ́ra aanyá ɛndáa. I am eating the food. (W). Mɛnyá ́. It is not edible (does not taste good, is not well cooked, etc.). Álótú anyá ɛná dáa tɛ náshukúnye. I will eat this food when I return. (W). Men may not eat food that falls into the class of items consumed as a-nyá in the presence of certain women, such as their mother-in-laws. Syn: a-ɨnɔ́s, a-ám ‘To eat’. See: a-daá ‘To eat’. v.prog. 1 • To

́ yá ɛnk ́ma ɛnkáŋ. The fire will consume, burn. Ɛn consume the home. Náanyá. It [a fire] burned me. 2 • To

spend (or use) all. anyá iropiyianí To spend all money. anyá inkíshú To sell all cows. 3 • To

discuss (as in a meeting). Nɛ́nyā ̄ aké dúóó entúmō. They held a meeting. (lit: They ate the meeting.). 4 • To 1•

a-nyaɨshɔ́

v.apass. 1 • To

have sexual relations (with a woman).

eat (intransitive), bite. Míséyie aké ɛldɛ́ dîâ amʉ̂ ɛnyɛ́ ́shɔ. Don't disturb that dog because it bites (ie. it's wild). (W). 2 • To

a-nyá nalʉmɛ́ [North]

Variant: a-nyá

áa-nya kúik

play hide-and-seek (lit: to eat "kuik").

nalʉmɛ̂. v.prog v.phrase. [North] To yawn (lit: To eat the yawn). Kɛ́nyá ́ta nalʉmɛ́. [kɛ́ɲáɪ ́ta, two morae in penultimate syllable] She is yawning. (lit: He/She is eating yawn.) (SN). See: a-ám ɛnalʉ́mɛ ‘To sneeze’. v.pl v.phrase. To

kúik is the sound a child makes to call others to come and search for him/her as he/she hides.

a-nyá esúmâsh v.phrase. To be hungry. Náanyâ esúmâsh ŋolé. I felt hungry yesterday. (lit: Hunger ate me yesterday.). Áanyâ esúmâsh tááisére. I will feel hungry tomorrow. Kínyá esúmâsh? Will you feel hunger? Note: Compare: Kínyá 'It will eat you.'

a-nyá ɔlmʉmâî v.phrase. To take (lit: eat) an oath. a-nyá lɔmɔ́n [North] [North] To discuss (lit: to eat news). a-nyá elíyio [North] To feel lonely. a-nyá lkɨlɨkuái [North] To evade delivering a message (lit: to eat the message).

a-nyak ́ [North] v.dat. [North] To tell to, discuss with. a-nyaʉ́ [North] v.dir. [North] To explain sth. a-nyaaká PF.PL: -nyaákɨtâ. In some suffixed forms: -nyaakak. NPF: a-itokí. v.pf. To have repeated sth. Ányááka aitukú inkikompení. I washed the cups again. Ááta ɛncɨpái sápʉk amʉ̂ k ́nyááká alotú aɨrɔrɔk ́. I have great happiness/joy because you have come to greet me again. (Pk). Ɛnyaáká oshî táatá enturoré ɔ́ ngumót asapukú pésho. There is/has been an increase in the digging of holes with no apparent cause. (Pk). See: a-ɨg ́l; a-itokí ‘To do again, repeat’.

nyáak ́

v.imp. Suppletive

imperative or perfect(ive) of a-itokí; repeat

it!; do sth. again. Nyáak ́ shɔ́mɔ íyak ́ ɛnkákuiyia ɛnkʉrmá. Go again and bring maize to your grandmother. (W). Nyáak ́ shɔ́mɔ íyakákɨ ɛnkʉrmá. Go again and get me maize. (W). See: a-itokí ‘To repeat’.

a-nyaál

v. 1 • To

chew. 2 • To scornfully express contempt or disdain to s.o. 3 • [North] To physically make somebody appear useless by a repeated assault.

a-nyaalá

be ill, sick, unwell (lit: To have been chewed). Usage: metaphorical. Mɛ́ ́dɨm ɛnkɛráí ashɔ́mɔ sukúul amʉ̂ kɛ́nyaála. The child cannot go to school because she/he is unwell. ɔltʉŋáni ɔnyaála person who is ill, sick, unwell. Syn: a-múéí ‘To be sick; ill’. See: a-nyaál ‘To chew’; a-ibisíóŋ ‘To be ill’.

ɛ-nyaalái ɛ-nyaaláti

v.mid. To

n. Sickness,

illness.

Nom sg: ɛ-nyááláti

Quid (of tobacco).

ɛ-nyaánca

See: a-nyáál ‘To

chew’.

?. Acc pl: ɨ-nyaalát. Nom pl: ɨ-nyáálat ?. n.

n. Large

gourd for serving beer, with narrow (potentially crooked) neck and spherical body. See: enkúkúrí ‘Calabash’.

áa-nyaanyʉk

resemble’.

v.pl. To

look or be alike, resemble.

See: a-nyanyʉ́k ‘To

a-nyaanyukíé v. To resemble s.o. or sth. nyáāī v.imp. Go again. Nyáāī NEGST Go again to NEGST. Ínyaáí Nairobi (i) Take it back to Nairobi. (ii) Take it towards Nairobi.

See: nyákʉ ‘Come

l-nyábíté [North] behavior.

[North] Nom sg: l-nyabité. n. [North]

See: ɛm-p

nyábʉrr [North]

again’; a-inyaayá ‘To take it back’.

́kátá ‘Putting; character’.

Character,

[North] Nom sg: nyabʉ́rr. [North] Acc pl: nyábúrrî,

nyáburrí. [North] Nom pl: nyaburrî. n. 1 • [North] Container made of wood with skin on both ends for storing oil, honey. 2 • [North] Wooden calabash used for long-term storage of meat and fat, about 28 cm tall by 11 cm diameter.

nyákʉ

again. Nyákʉ tɛldɛ́ árî. Come again next year. Ányákūā NEGST. I came again to NEGST. See: nyáāī ‘Go again’. v.imp v.pf. Come

nyalááti [North]

[North] Nom sg: nyálaáti. [North] Acc pl: nyaláát. [North]

Nom pl: nyálaát. n. [North]

Quid of tobacco.

See: a-nyaál ‘To

chew’.

l-nyál ́gɔ́ ́ [North] n. [North] Tree sp. Grewia similis. a-nyamál v. 1 • To fuss. Eéwuo oloshî tʉŋání óítanyamal ́shɔ. That person who is troublesome has come. 2 • To be busy (eg. loaded down with responsibility. ɔltʉŋáni ɔnyámal a person who is busy. a-ɨtanyamál v.cause. 1 • To inconvenience, bother. 2 • To

annoy, disturb.

a-nyamalú

become overloaded with responsibility. 2 • To become bothered, become disturbed by a problem. See: a-yɛ́k ‘To bother’.

ɛ-nyamálī

v.incep. 1 • To

Nom sg: ɛ-nyámalí. Nom pl: ɨ-nyámalitin. [North] Nom

sg: nyámali. [North] Acc pl: nyamalitín,

nyamalotín. [North] Nom pl: nyámalitín, nyámalotín. n. Difficulty, problem, trouble. Ɛáta ɛlɛ́ páyian ɛnyamálī. This man has troubles. (W). See: a-nyamál ‘To fuss’; en-gólótó ‘Difficulty’.

ɛ-nyámu

Nom sg: ɛ-nyámû. Acc pl: ɨ-nyámīn. Nom pl: ɨ-nyamín. n. 1 • The

theft of livestock, which is the most serious theft possible. If a theft is declared ɛnyámu, it is punishable by paying 9 cows (or some other number of cows where the numeral ends in 9). If the fine is not paid, it is believed that the thief will die. Only a group of elders together can decide whether a theft constitutes ɛ-nyámu. It is also a most serious offence for anyone else in addition to the actual thief to touch or consume the stolen item. Ɛ́ ́nɔ́sá ɛldɛ́ páyian ɛnyámu ɔɔ́ ɨntarɛ́ ɛ́nkáŋ âŋ. That man has stolen from the flocks of our home. See: ɔl-áínyámoní ‘A thief’; ɛmpúrrōrrre ‘Theft’. 2 • The theft by one Maasai of another Maasai's cow or sheep, and his consumption of that meat. Ɛ-nyámu involves both the stealing and the eating of the cow/sheep. This is a culturally serious crime. If a man is found guilty of ɛnyámu, he might be required to pay back as much as seven cows for the theft of the one cow. The decision about the crime and payment is discussed in a meeting of

elders. Those who feasted on the meat, regardless of whether or not they did the stealing and regardless of whether or not they knew they were eating stolen meat, are also tried for ɛ-nyámu.

Ɛɨtaláak ́ ɔlmʉ́rrāni ɔɨnɔsá ɛnyámu inkíshú naápishana . The warrior who stole and ate was fined five

cows. 3 • The theft and sale of the meat (rather than the consumption). Usage: modern.

ɔl-nyányāī

Tomato.

Nom sg: ɔl-nyanyáí. Acc pl: ɨl-nyánya. Nom pl: ɨl-nyányâ. n. See: ɔl-nyɛ́nyāī ‘Tomato’.

a-nyanyʉ́k v. To resemble, be like. Ɛnyányʉk elíyîô ɔ́ bátísho Loneliness is more or less like danger. (Pk). See: áanyaanyʉk ‘To resemble’.

L-nyápárraɨ [North]

[North] Nom pl: L-nyaparrá .́ n.prop n.pl. [North]

A phratry in the black cattle moiety.

ɛ-nyarú

Nom sg: ɛ-nyárū. Acc pl: ɨ-nyaruní. Nom pl: ɨ-nyáruní. n. Type

grass.

l-nyárrá [North] Cheetah.

of

Nom sg: l-nyarrá. Acc pl: l-nyarraní. n. [North]

See: ol-owuarú

l-nyárrarrâ [North]

kerî ‘leopard’.

[North] Acc pl: l-nyarrarraní. [North] Nom pl: l-

nyárrarraní. n. [North] Cheetah. Found north of the Ndooto mountains as of 1996.

nyátíó [North]

[North] Nom sg: nyatíó. [North] Acc pl: nyátîôn. [North] Nom

pl: nyatíón. n. [North]

Butter churn, made from a large calabash strapped with leather and suspended from the roof so that it can be churned by pulling a rope.

nyátúpá [North]

[North] Nom sg: nyatupá. [North] Acc pl: nyatúpân.

[North] Nom pl: nyátupá. n. [North]

[North] ‘Bowl’. Etymology:

Traditional bowl.

See: n-cáráá

?< Turkana.

e-nyaú [South] n. [South] Cat. See: em-puús ‘Cat’. e-nyaʉ́ Nom sg: e-nyáʉ̄. Acc pl: i-nyaûn. Nom pl: i-nyáūn. n. 1 • General

term for lots of small, unsorted things when the specific name is not known, eg. insects, food. matters. Óre naá peê ɛakʉ́ nkulîê nyaûn, nɛ́ákʉ́ ɨlɛ́wá ɔ́ as ɔ̂pɛ́ny. When it comes to other issues, it is the men who do them alone. 2 • Issues,

ɛ-nyáwá

Variant: ɛ-nyɛ́wá. Nom sg: ɛ-nyawá. Acc pl: ɨ-nyáwáītie. Variant: ɨ-

nyɛ́wáítie. Nom pl: ɨ-nyawaitíé. [North] Acc pl: nyáwáci. [North] Nom pl: nyawací. n. Milk-producing organ; udder; woman's breasts.

Ɨlk ́ oshî oóŋuan óotií ɛnyɛ́wá ɛ́ nk ́tɛ́ŋ náaa aáre óotií ɛnɛ́ nkíné. The udder of a cow always has four teats and a goat has two. Káamê ɛnyɛwá. My breast(s) is painful. ɨnyɛ́wáítie ɔɔ́ nkíshú Udders of the cows. See: ɔl-k ́na ‘Breast, teat’.

ɔl-nyɛ́nyāī

[ɔ̀lnyɛ́nyay] [West] Acc pl: ɨl-nyɛ́nya. n. Tomato. See: ɔl-

nyányāī ‘Tomato’.

nyéregés [North]

[North] Nom sg: nyéregés. [North] Acc pl: nyéregésí. n.

[North] Stick used for pulling thorn branches. koncóorr ‘Hook for pulling thorn branches’.

See: ol-

ɛ-nyɛ́wá udder. See: ɛ-nyáwá. ny ́bɛlɛ́t [North] [North] Nom sg: ny ́bɛlɛ́t. [North] Acc pl: nyibeletí. [North] Nom pl: nyíbeletí. n. [North]

Crook-shaped walking stick popular with the Turkana people.

a-ny ́k v. To approach, meet. Ɔldúruk lɛ́ ntɔ́mɔ́nɔ́nɨ lɛ́mɛ̄ ̄shɔ̄ ɛnyɨkak ́ ɔlɛ́ɛ ̂ The dirt of the woman who has just given birth which does not allow a man to approach her.

áa-nyɨka a-nyɨkak ́

v.pl v.mid. To

a-nyɨkaá

v.dir. 1 • To

v.dat. To

near it. (S).

be close together.

draw near to. Kát ́ny ́káka. I have gone

meet going away. 2 • To go further away from s.o.

a-nyɨkarɛ́

v.mid v.inst. To

be near to.

a-nyɨkʉ́ a-ɨtɨny ́k

2 • To

v.dir. To

approach, come near, meet.

v.cause. 1 • [North]

bring together.

ɛ-ny ́kákínotó

To place near.

n. 1 • Approach,

access. 2 • [North] Nearness, proximity. See: a-ny ́k ‘To approach, meet’.

a-nyɨkɨtá v. To be near to. a-ny ́l v. 1 • To be oily, greasy. 2 • To

sparkle, glitter, glisten. 3 • [North] To be smooth.

a-ɨtɨny ́l To make oily. ɛ-nyɨlán n. Oilyness. See: a-ny ́l ‘To be fat’; ɛ- ́látá ‘Fat, oil’. e-nyílás Nom sg: e-nyilás. Acc pl: i-nyílásí. Nom pl: i-nyilasí. n. 1 • Gap where tooth was unintentionally lost or did not grow. kɨŋɛsʉ́ ‘Unintentional gap in teeth’. 2 • Meat.

a-nyím

Syn: ɔl-

v. 1 • To

dislike a certain kind of food. 2 • [North] To dislike working with s.o.

a-ny ́m [North] v. [North] To smile. See: a-nyimó ‘To smile’. a-nyimó v. To smile. nyinyôî [North] [North] Nom sg: nyínyoi. [North] Acc pl: nyinyó. [North] Nom pl: nyínyo. n. [North]

milk).

Residue, dregs (eg. of soup borth,

í-nyíô [íɲyô] Acc pl: ényiotó. v.imp. To rise up. Áuuûî! lóórére ényiotó amʉ̂ ɛwákɨ ɨntaré inyî! Help! People, wake up! because somebody has stolen your sheep! up’.

e-nyírbat

See: a-inyototó ‘To

ɛ́ nkʉ́tʉ́k ‘Lip’; sɔ́ɔtɛ ɛ́ nkʉ́tʉ́k [North] ‘Lip’; en-giremu(u) [South] ‘Lip’.

ny ́rɨg

get

n. Lip. See: en-coní

[North] Nom sg: ny

́r ́g, ny ́r ̂g. [North] Acc pl: nyírigi, nyírigî. [North]

Nom pl: nyírigí,

nyírígî. n. Baby camel, camel calf. See: n-tam ́s [North] ‘Camel’; l-aúrr [North] ‘Male camel’. Borrowed word: Somali or Cushitic nirig 'baby camel'.

ɛ-ny ́rt

Nom sg: ɛ-ny

̂rt. Acc pl: ɨ-nyɨrtá. Nom pl: ɨ-ny ́rta. [North] Nom sg: ny ́rt. n. 1 • Gum (of mouth). 2 • Mouth. See: en-daket; ɛn-kʉ́tʉ́k ‘Mouth’.

a-nyít v. To shame ? See: ɛn-kʉrrʉ́ná ‘Shame’. -nyo v.pf v.imp. Singular Imperative root for a-inyototó 'to wake up'. Ínyô! Wake up! (KS). See: a-inyototó ‘To wake up’. nyɔ́ [North] pn.inter. [North] What? See: nyɔ́ɔ ́ ‘What’. a-nyók v. To try. See: a-tɛ́m ‘To try, measure’; a-saán ‘To try’. ́ yɔ́k a-nyɔ́k Variant: a-nyók (??). v.prog. v.prog. To work hard. Ɛn ɔlcékut aɨrrɨtá inkíshú peê mɛ́ ́mɨn. The shepherd will

work hard to look after cows, so that they do not get lost. (Pk). Ɛnárɛ̄ nɛ́nyɔk inkɛ́râ pɔ́ɔkɨ náatií sukúul. All the children in school ought to work hard. (Pk). Ɛt́ ɔ́nyúáá ɔlárɛ́wání abɔ ́n ɛngárri. The driver has worked hard to change the direction of the car. (Pk). Óre dúóó nɨnyɛ́ ɔlbáɛ lɛnyɛ́ náa kɛ́mʉ́taɨ amʉ̂ ɨmɛnyɔk ́taɨ. According to his opinion, people will die (of hunger) because they are not working hard. (Pk). 2 • v.prog. To try hard, make an attempt. See: e-nyúáátá ‘Hard work’.

a-nyokíé

[North]: a-nyʉk

́ɛ́. In some suffixed forms: -nyokien. v.pl: -nyokíōō. v.s. To be red in color, ripe-tomato red, brownish-red; the color of a Black person with a light complexion, the color of a white person who is sunburned. Enyokíé ɛná tókî. This thing is red. (W). Kényokíé ŋolé olashé óíminá. The calf that got lost yesterday is red. (Pk). ɔltʉŋáni ónyókíé a person with light brown skin (Pk). nányókíé (that) which is red. Etíī entitó nányokie kʉ́tʉ́kají énkajiâŋ. A red girl is at the

door of our house. (Pk). For some speakers, a-nyokíé could be applied to blood, though a-dɔ́(r) is prototypical for blood. For some this may be a more general 'red' color term, covering red, maroon, scarlet, red-brown. Others seem to rarely use it.

a-nyokienú

v.incep. To

become red, redden. múgíé ‘Brown’; a-dɔ́(r) ‘To be red’.

See: sɔpía ‘Dark’; e-

ɛ-nyokíénī n. Redness. Enyokíénī ɔpá ɛndâ térít kítonyorrâ peê kítúúnô ínê. It was the redness of the soil that we liked, and that is why we planted there. (Pk).

nyɔ́lɛ̂ [North] n. [North] Ulcerating skin infection of humans. nyɔ́ɔ ́ What, what for. See: ́nyɔ̄ɔ ̄ ‘What’; nyɔ́ [North] ‘What’. nyɔ́ɔŕ tɛ̂ [North] n. [North] Plants useless for fodder. a-nyɔrɛ́ v. 1 • To be suitable. 2 • To

be opposite. See: a-iririkinó; a-ishiaá; a-narɛ́ ‘To be suitable’.

a-nyɔr ́ In some suffixed forms: nyɔrɨj. v.s. To be green, as of vegetation. Íyaú ɛndâ bénéyíó nanyɔ́rɨ. Bring that leaf which is green. Kɛ́nyɔ́rɨ oltîm ŋolé ɔ́yawuak ́. The branch of tree that was brought yesterday for closing the gate is green. nanyɔ́rɨ that which is green. Óre ɛnkɨlâ naishopíto Leonard náa emúá nanyɔ́rɨ. The cloth that Leonard is wearing is color that is green. (W).

a-nyorijú v.incep. To become green. l-nyórigé [North] Acc pl: l-nyórigên. Nom sg: l-nyorigé. Nom pl: lnyórigên. n. [North] Junior warrior. ŋéétíáí ‘Senior elder’.

See: ɔl-mʉ́rráni ‘Warrior’; ɔl-

a-nyɔ́r(r) kɛwán v. To be selfish (lit: to love self). a-nyɔ́rr v v.aux+Sbjn-Infinitive. 1 • To like, love (possibly romantically). Mɛ́nyɔ́rr ɨltʉŋaná olwuasá, káke kɛ́nyɔ́r esúpátisho. People don't like arrogance, but they like calmness. Kɛ́nyɔ́rr alɛ́ tʉŋání atarrésho ŋúési. This man likes trapping

animals. (Pk). K ́ntɔ́nyɔ̄rrā ŋolé. You (sg.) made me love it. (W). See: a-cám [North] ‘To like, love’; a-shɨpá ‘To be happy’. 2 • To be pleased with s.o. or sth. 3 • To love romantically.

a-nyɔraá v.dir. To agree, accept (things, people, ideas), consent. a-nyɔrrak ́ v.dat. To have love for. a-nyɔrrakinó v.dat v.mid. To agree. áanyɔrrakino entóki nabô to agree on one thing. a-nyɔrraríé v.dir v.inst. To agree with. a-nyɔrrɨk ́ v.dat. 1 • To find out. 2 • [North]

a-nyɔrraá

To accept s.o.'s word.

v.dir. 1 • To

accept, agree, consent. agree’; a-camá [North] ‘To agree’. 2 • To permit. See: a-ɨshɔ́ ‘To give, permit’.

See: a-irúk ‘To

permit,

ɛ-nyɔ́rrátá Nom sg: ɛ-nyɔrratá. n. 1 • Liking, love. Ɛnyányʉk ɛnyɔrratá nányɔr ɔltʉ́ŋání ɔlcɔrɛ́ ɛ́nanyɔr ɛncɔrúɛ́t. The love s.o. has for his male friend is the same as that for a female friend. (Pk). 2 • Predilection.

il-nyórri n. Type of bees. See: il-otórok ‘Bees’. ɛ-nyɔrr ́kɨ v.aux. Find out, discover, suddenly realize. Etódúá K ́mɛlɨ ajó kégól ɛntɛmatá. Náajokí ́sʉmá embólúnotó eoŋúán. Nɛ́kɛnyʉ́ kíâs ɛntɛ́mátá. Nájádɔ̄l, kóre ɨmbáa kúmok néíŋúaa embólúnotó eoŋúán. Ɛnyɔrr ́kɨ (ɔl)adúani K ́mɛlɨ. Kimeli felt the

test would be hard. Then he told me I should read chapter four. The following morning we did the exam. When I tried to observe [during the exam], a lot of questions came from Chapter Four. I discovered Kimeli has foresight. (W). Ɛnyɔrr ́kɨ ́rá ŋên! So [s.o. just realized], you are clever!

(W). Ɛnyɔrr ́kɨ árá ŋên! So, I am clever! [eg. I was sure I would fail the exam, but in fact passed with very high marks; so I suddenly realize I understand/am clever.].

e-nyúáátá

[North] Nom sg: nyuaatá. n. Hard

workingness, effort, perseverence. ɔltʉŋáni ɔáta enyúáátá a person who is hardworking (lit: person who has hardworkingness). See: anyɔ́k ‘To work hard’.

i-nyúát n.pl. Efforts. a-nyʉk ́ɛ́ [North] PL: áa-nyukuo. v.s. [North] To be red (sg.). Kenyukûô. They are red. (S). See: a-nyokíé ‘To be red’. áa-nyukuo [North] v.pl. [North] To be red (of plural entity). See: a-nyʉk

́ɛ́ ‘To be red (sg)’.

nyúlûâ [North]

[North] Nom sg: nyúlûâ. [North] Acc pl: nyulwání. n.

[North] Small light-weight spear used by boys, having a long shaft and a small blade. See: ɛm-pɛ́rɛ́ ‘Spear’.

e-nyúntu

Nom sg: e-nyúntû. Acc pl: i-nyúntui. Nom pl: i-nyúntuí. [North]

Acc sg: nyúnto. n. Tool

with metal head and wooden handle, made for pounding; hammer. Ɨncɔɔ́kɨ enyúntu náóshóríé ɛlɛ̂ mʉshʉmáa. Give me a hammer that I can use to drive this nail. Borrowed word: Swahili nyundo 'hammer'. See: olkumá ‘Mallet’.

nyunyú [North]

n. [North]

Type of mushroom that grows on anthills. See: ɔl-ápa ‘mushroom’.

a-nyʉnyʉ́k [North]

v. [North]

To be similar, be the same (in color or shape). See: a-d ́p [North] ‘To be similar’; áa-risio ‘To be equal, the same’.

a-nyunyukoré [North]

v.dir v.inst. [North]

To resemble.

Ŋ-ŋ ŋ Letter representing the velar nasal [ŋ]. (The same sound in a-ŋá

Swahili is represented by the trigraph ng'.

be ajar, open. Óre peê ɛyɛ́ ɨlɔ́ páyian ɛŋá enkutúk. When that old man died, his mouth was open. (W). Máítīēū airúráyú ɛŋá ɛmúlanko. I am afraid to sleep when the door is open. (W). v. To

a-ŋaáj [North]

To make a grill for roasting meat. See: wúátánta [North] ‘Sticks for making a grill for roasting beef’; ŋááj ́ta [North] ‘Grill for roasting beef’.

ŋááj ́ [North]

v. [North]

́ta. Nom pl: ŋááj ́tâ. n. [North] One of two lower stick supports used in making an outdoor meat grill; the supports are strong sticks or stones (wúátánta). See: wúátánta [North] ‘Sticks for roasting’.

ŋabóli1

Nom sg: ŋaaj .́ Acc pl: ŋááj

Acc pl: ŋabólo. adj. Brown

in color, with large dark-brown patch on the rump or upper part; may also be used for nonanimals (eg. a cave, cloth, tree).

ɔl-ŋabóli2

Nom sg: ɔl-ŋáboli. Acc pl: ɨl-ŋabólo. Nom pl: ɨl-ŋábolo. n.

1 • Sycamore

'fig' tree; this is a very large tree with milky sap, and leaves about the size of half a person's palm. It characteristically has a light brown trunk. Ficus sycomorus. 2 • Small plant.

ɛ-ŋabóli Place-name of a small town in Kajiado district, along the Namanga-Nairobi road, between Namanga and Ngatatuek; known in Swahili as Mailitisa.

l-ŋâc [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ŋâc. n. [North]

See: ɔl-ŋâsh ‘Doubt’.

a-ŋád

v. v. 1 • To

open out sth. hard. 2 • To surround.

Balking, uncertainty.

3 • To

untie, dislodge. 4 • To separate with force one thing from another, eg. one cow from the rest of the herd, or a person from others. Káaŋadíe. They will protect me. (Pk). Ɛŋadíéki ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ namúéí inkulîê. A sick cow is separated from the rest (of the herd).

a-ŋadʉ́ v.dir. 1 • To remove wire bracelets, etc. Ɛŋadʉ́ olkunoní esekenkêî tɛ múrt ɔ́lpayíán. The blacksmith will open

ŋá ́

out a metal bracelet from the neck of the man. 2 • To surround in pincer movement. 3 • [North] To be incapacitated (as from illness).

[ŋáy] Nom sg: ŋâ .̂ [ŋây] [North] Acc pl: ɔáŋá .́ [North] Nom pl: ɔ́aŋá

́, wáaŋá .́ [North] Alternate Fem Plural: n-kʉlɛŋá .́ [North] Alternate Masc Plural: l-kʉlɛŋá .́ pn.inter. 1 • Who? Which person? Ŋá ́ ótooshó? Who hit him? A: Étóóshó Késwe. B: Ŋá ́? A: Keswe hit s.o. B: Who (did he hit)? A: Etooshóki Késwe? B: Ŋâ ̂ A: Keswe was hit. B: Who (did it)? Ɛnɛŋá ́ ɛná k ́tɛŋ. Who's cow is this? Ɨnkʉnɛŋá ́ kʉná kíneji. Who's goats are these? Ŋá ́ ɨnâ? What is that (fem)? (W). pronoun. Nɛ́ākʉ̄ kɛ́nyɔ̄k olêŋ apá pɔ́ɔk ̄ ̄ ŋâ ̂ peê ɛakʉ́ ɔltʉŋáni oléŋ. So everybody used to work hard to be a generous person. 2 • Indefinite

pɔɔk ́ ŋá ́ Nom sg: pɔ́ɔk̄ ̄ ŋâ .̂ Everyone, every person. Kéló pɔ́ɔk ̄ ̄ ŋâ ̂. Everyone will go. See: á ́ŋā ̄ ‘Who’. a-ŋám v. 1 • To make a small cut. 2 • To

notch. 3 • To scarify. 4 • To innoculate, vaccinate. 5 • [North] To trace footprints or tracks. 6 • [North] To lance lightly, as around a swollen bodypart.

ɔl-ŋâm

Nom sg: ɔl-ŋâm. n. 1 • Wilderness.

2 • [North]

́ cɔɔ taá aké peê Sign of sth.[South] Sign of sth. Ɛn

éjô osíkīria lɛ́ nkakɛnyá ŋâm éntekekí ɔlák ́rá ɨldɨrɛ́ta. Immediately when the morning donkeys show up

then saddle-up the star with a saddle-pack. (lit: Immediately when the donkey of the morning says a sign...).

a-ŋamaá Variant: ŋamar. v.dir. 1 • To receive, get, acquire. Míntokíkī kʉná kɛ́râ áauap inkulîê tɛ níŋamáa impála. Children stop seizing papers as you wait to receive them from others. (Pk). See: a-ŋamʉ́ ‘To receive’. 2 • To speak to. 3 • [North] To respond, answer. See: a-túm ‘To get’.

a-ŋamak ́ v.dat. 1 • To receive for (lit: to make a notch for). aŋamak ́ ɛndáa to receive food on behalf of s.b (to pass it

on to him/her). 2 • To give cows, sheep, goats and\or donkeys to a newly married woman by her husband. aŋamak ́ inkíshú to give cows to. 3 • To whisper to. See: a-ŋamaá ‘To receive; to speak to’; a-ŋám ‘To make a notch’.

ŋamán [North]

Nom sg: ŋáman. n. [North]

Craving for sth. by a pregnant woman. See: en-duŋón ‘Craving for sth. by a pregnant woman’.

a-ŋamár v. To receive. Óre ɛnâ peê kiponú, nɛ́ŋamar ́ iyíóók. When we come, people receive us. See: a-ŋamaá ‘To receive’.

ɛ-ŋámátá

Nom sg: ɛ-ŋamatá. Acc pl: ɨ-ŋamát. Nom pl: ɨ-ŋámat. n. Small

cut into a piece of wood; notch.

ɔl-ŋámátá A big notch. ŋámátá [North] [North] Nom sg: ŋamatá. [North] Acc pl: ŋamát. [North] Nom pl: ŋamát. n. [North]

ɔl-ŋámátintá

The time of an event.

See: ɛn-kátá ‘Time’.

Nom sg: ɔl-ŋamátintá. Acc pl: ɨl-ŋamátī. Nom pl: ɨl-

ŋámatí?. n. Enemy.

a-ŋamʉ́

v.dir. 1 • To

See: ɔl-máŋátintá ‘Enemy’.

receive (eg. a guest nicely, as with gifts). ŋamaá ‘To receive’. 2 • To catch. 3 • To intercept. See: a-lɔ́k ‘To intercept’.

See: a-

a-ŋamʉ́ ɔl-mʉmáî The receiver is then obligated not to break the agreement.To receive an oath (ie. accept the oath sworn by another). Átáŋámua ɔlmʉmáî. I have received the oath (from the one who made it). (Pk).

ŋamʉ́ [North]

[North] Nom sg: ŋámʉ. n. 1 • [North]

Encounter,

running into. 2 • [North] The act on the part of any Samburu elder of refusing to allow a proposed marriage to take place. See: a-ŋamʉ́ ‘To intercept’.

ɛ-ŋamúrāī

Nom sg: ɛ-ŋámuráí. Acc pl: ɨ-ŋamúra. Nom pl: ɨ-ŋámura. [North]

Acc sg: n-kamúrāī. n. Cud.

ɔl-ŋanayíôî

[ɔ̀lŋànàyyôy] Nom sg: ɔl-ŋánayíôî. Acc pl: ɨl-ŋanayíó. Nom pl: ɨl-

ŋánayio. [Purko] Nom sg: ɔl-ŋánayîô. [North] Nom pl: l-ŋánayíó. n. ́ 1 • Fruit (general). Ɨmbʉŋá ɔlŋanayíôî. Touch the fruitǃ. Míntóki adanyʉ́ ɨlantɛ́rɛra tɔɔ́ lŋánayio. Stop splitting out seeds from the fruit. Ewó ɛlɛ̂ ŋánayíîô amʉ̂ ɛ́tɔ́dɔ́rɔ́. This fruit has ripened because it is red. (Pk). Kémelôôk ɨlŋánayio lɛ́kʉ́ldɔ keék. The fruits of those trees are very juicy. (Pk). 2 • Tablets (of medicine), pills, capsules. See: ol-momôî ‘Fruit’.

ŋanayíôî [North] [North] Curds. ŋanía Nom sg: ŋánia. [West] Acc sg: ŋánya. n.sg. So-and-so (a certain person). mɛ́nyɛ́ ŋaníā so-and-so's father. See: taáni ‘Someone’. ɛ-ŋápɛ́ Nom sg: ɛ-ŋapɛ́. Acc pl: ɨ-ŋápɛ́ta. Nom pl: ɨ-ŋapɛtá. [North] Acc sg: lŋopé. [North] Acc sg: l-ŋɔ́pɛ́. n. Post to support the roof of a house, split at the top to hold ríshínâ that are laid across a series of

them. See: em-bókíshīī ‘Vertical construction posts’; ɛr ́shɨná ‘Roof sticks’; ɨl-ɔ́ɔm ‘Horizontal construction sticks’.

a-ŋár

share. Áŋár kʉlɛ́. I will share the milk. áaŋar To share (pl). v. To

a-ŋár k ́na To be a sibling (lit: to share the breast). ɨlpayianí aáre kitúaak ɔɔ́ŋarie pápâ k ́na two old men who are brothers with my father (C). ɔlɛ́ nt ́pat âŋ amʉ̂ óre nkakúyiaâ nkakúyiaâ lɛnyɛ́ nɛ́ŋar k ́na nkákuyiaâ nkakúyiaâ laŋ. He is of our lineage because his great great grandfather was a brother to our great great grandfather. (Pk) (lit: He is of our lineage because his great great grandfather shared the breast with our great great grandfather.). See: ɔl-áŋáríé ‘My brother’.

a-ŋaríé v.inst. To share food with, eat with. l-ŋárísé [North] Nom sg: l-ŋárisé. n. [North] Artificial gap created when the two front teeth are removed. (upper) front teeth’.

l-ŋárísíé [North]

See: ɔl-kɨŋɛsʉ́ ‘Gap

in

[North] Nom sg: l-ŋarisíé. [North] Acc pl: l-ŋarisîâk.

[North] Nom pl: l-ŋarisíák. n. [North]

Person with a missing tooth.

ɔl-ŋárkanî n. Gland. ɔl-ŋársíé [West] n. [West] Gap where two or more teeth are missing, either in lower or upper jaw. teeth’.

ɔl-ŋárurúmi

[North] Acc pl: l-ŋarrabí. n. [North]

aethiopicus. See: ɔl-bítír ‘Warthog’.

a-ŋás

in

Nom sg: ɔl-ŋárurúm. Acc pl: ɨl-ŋárurúm. Nom pl: ɨl-

ŋárurúm. n. Maneless lion.

ɔl-ŋárrâb

See: ɛn-cilálōī ‘Gap

v v.aux+Simple-Infinitive. 1 • To

begin.

Warthog.

Phacochoerus

do first. Ɛtáŋásá ajó aishooyó ɛnɛdʉkʉ́ya ɛnâ najî Naɨsʉlá. He (decided) first to give out (in marriage) the first one, the one who was called Naisula. (Pk). 2 • To

reach before anyone else; arrive first. Óre taá enikinkô ámátaŋasie enkóítóí. So then what we are going to do is get to the footpath before them. (Pk). 4 • To get sth. before anyone else. See: a-gás [North] ‘To begin, start, be first’. 3 • To

a-ŋasʉ́

v.dir. 1 • To

do first; pioneer. 2 • To bring from.

begin. Ketáŋásúá yéyîô apɔnaá nkají âŋ. [kètáŋáswá] Mother has begun to increase our house. (SN). See: a-ɨtɛ́r ‘To begin’; ɔl-aitérani ‘Beginner, starter’. 3 • To

ŋasák

Acc pl: ɛ́ŋasák. n. The

initiation of a greeting sequence, started by a younger person who bows his or her head to an older person in greeting. In the normal situation, the older person always initiates the verbal greeting exchange. However, a child or young person should present his/her head in greeting to the older person. If the older person does not initiate the verbal greeting, the young person may say ŋasák to request the initiation of greeting, as in the following series of turns: Younger woman to older man who perhaps does not notice her presence: ŋasák. Older man: Doris, Takúɛ́nya! Younger woman: íkó!

a-ŋasak ́

v. To

greet s.o. first. This may be done by a youth bowing his or her head to an older person, who then places his/her hand on the child's head, or by a junior to a senior person; or it may be done by shaking hands. Ɛsʉ́lárɛ tɛ nɛ́ākʉ̄ mmɛŋasákɨ ɨnkɛ́râ ɨlɔɔ́ mɛ́nyɛ. It is an embarrassment when children do not greet the fathers. (Pk). See: a-ŋás ‘To begin’.

a-ŋasɨak ́ [North]

To greet by shaking hands (esp. between young people of opposite sex).

a-ŋasʉ́l [North]

v. [North]

To remove the branches of a tree, leaving just the straight trunk.

ɔl-ŋásʉ́lá

v. [North]

Acc pl: ɨl-ŋasʉl. [North] Acc sg: l-ŋásʉ́lá. [North] Nom sg: l-ŋasʉlá.

[North] Acc pl: l-ŋáʉl. [North] Nom pl: l-ŋásʉ̂l. n. Cut

ŋɔ́s ́lá ‘Branch’.

ɛ-ŋásúnotó

branch, twig.

See: ɔl-

Nom sg: ɛ-ŋasúnotó. Acc pl: ɨ-ŋasunót. Nom pl: ɨ-ŋásunot.

[North] Nom pl: ŋásunót. n. Beginning. See: en-kítérúnotó ‘Beginning’;

a-ɨtɛ́r ‘To begin’.

ɔl-ŋâsh

Acc pl: il-ŋashi. n. Doubt. See: l-ŋâc

uncertainty’.

[North] ‘Balking,

ŋátét Nom sg: ŋátet. n. Semi-arid land. ɔl-ŋátúny Nom sg: ɔl-ŋatúny. Acc pl: ɨl-ŋatunyó. Nom pl: ɨl-ŋátunyo. [North] Acc sg: l-ŋátúny,

l-ŋátuny. [North] Nom sg: l-ŋatúny. [North] Acc pl: l-ŋatunyó. [North] Nom pl: l-ŋátunyó. n. Lion. ɨlŋatunyó oááre two lions (W).

ɛ-ŋatúranâ Acc pl: ɨ-ŋatúrān. n. Young child. ŋáʉ́rr [North] [North] Nom sg: ŋaʉ́rr. [North] Acc pl: ŋaurrí. [North] Nom pl: ŋáurrí. adj. [North]

With pointy ears or ears that flap out.

ɔl-ŋayíôî Acc pl: ɨl-ŋayíó. n. Fruit. Míntóki adanyʉ́ ɨlantɛ́rɛra tɔɔ́ lŋayíôî. Stop splitting out seeds from the fruit. (Pk). Ɛyáutúa ɨnkɛ́râ ɨlŋayíó sikítok. The children have a-ŋé

brought yellow fruits.

See: ɔl-ŋanayíôî ‘Fruit’.

[West]: a-ŋɛ́. [North]: a-ŋɛ́. PF: -taŋeyíó,

-taŋeyúá. v.prog. To itch. Áŋéíta. I am itching. (W). Átáŋéyua ~ Átáŋéyio. I itched (past). (W). Note: The preceding, by itself, seems odd to say by itself. Compare: Átáŋéyio ɛm ́sɔ pɔɔk ́. I itched all night. (W). Kétéŋíó. It itched. (S).

a-ŋeyú v.incep. Áŋéyu. I will itch. (W). Áítérúá aŋeú (~aŋeyú). I started to itch. (W). Áítáŋeyu. I will make it itch. (W). Eyáwúá Kónené ɨmbɛ́nɛ́k ɛ́ ntáméjóí peê elo aitaŋeyú ɔlaláshɛ lɛnyɛ́. Konene has brought the leaves of entamejoi so that he makes his brother itch. (W).

l-ŋécérríé [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ŋecerríé. [North] Acc pl: l-ŋɛ́cɛ́rrɨta.

[North] Nom pl: l-ŋɛcɛrrɨtá. n. [North]

Horizontal wall stick, attached

three-fourths of the way up the main ground poles in a traditional house. See: em-bókíshīī ‘House post’; m-bókíci [North] ‘House post’.

ol-ŋéétíáí

́á .́ n. Older warrior, senior warrior. Syn: ol-móríjóí ‘Older person’. See: ɔlk ́l ́yáí ‘Young warrior’.

ɔl-ŋɛ́jɛ́p

Phonetic: ɔ̀lŋɛ́ɛt́ ɪ ́áy. [West] Acc sg: ɔl-ŋɛ́ɛt́

Nom sg: ɔl-ŋɛjɛ́p. Acc pl: ɨl-ŋɛjɛpá. Nom pl: ɨl-ŋɛ́jɛpa. [North] Nom

pl: l-ŋɛ́jɛpá. n. 1 • Tongue. 2 • [North]

Uvula. Usage: archaic. Wagner (n.d.:205) notes that Swahili kilimi is now used for 'uvula'. Etymology: *ŋa-dʸɛp (Vossen 1982).

ɔl-ŋɛ́jɛ́p lɛ́ nk ́má n. Flames (lit: tongue of fire). ŋéjúk [North] Acc sg: ŋéjûk. [North] Nom sg: ŋejûk. [North] Acc pl: ŋéjúkó. [North] Nom pl: ŋejukó. adj. New, fresh. Rrékíē ŋéjúk ɛ ́má. It is the new path they have followed. (SN). Ááta ɛngárri ŋejúk. I have a new car. (W).

e-ŋéjúk

one. Éíshópó enkítok eŋéjúk. The woman has put on the new one. n. New

a-ŋejukú In some suffixed forms: -ŋejukun. v.incep. To become new. Kéŋejúkúnú. It will become new. (S). Kétéŋéjuko. It a-ŋɛ́l

became new. (S).

deviate from the main path. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aiwúáŋ aló ɛnkáŋ náŋɛ̂l. The man is branching to the home that is on the other side of the road. (Pk). Nélo ɔltɔmɛ́, óre enkítojó nɛ́ŋɛlɨk ́ encaní. The elephant went, and the hare hid behind a shrub. 2 • To not do what is expected by society. Usage: Metaphorical. 3 • To disburb, upset, abuse. v. 1 • To

a-ŋɛlaá a-ŋɛlak ́

v.dir. To

break away from divert.

v.dat. 1 • To

divert towards. 2 • To disturb sth.

3 • [North]

To provoke.

a-ŋɛlɨk ́ v.dat. To disturb sth. a-ŋɛlaá v.dir. 1 • To intentionally do sth. wrong to s.o. or to a group

of people. In most cases this will provoke the wronged party to seek retaliation. insult s.o. Ɛshɔmɔ̂ ŋolé ɨlmʉ́rrân áaŋɛlʉ ɨlmaŋát ́ peê ɛar. The warriors went to insult the enemies yesterday so that they could kill them. (W). 2 • To

a-ŋɛl ́k ́

1 • To

do wrong to s.o. 2 • To walk away from your intended path to visit somebody or a town, after which you will come back to your proper path/road.

ŋɛ́láa [North] ŋelɛ̂c [North]

[North] Nom sg: ŋɛ́láâ. n. [North]

Provocation.

[North] Nom sg: ŋɛ́lɛ̂c. [North] Acc pl: ŋélécí. [North] Nom

pl: ŋelecí. adj. [North]

Having horns pointing in divergent directions. See: ŋɛlɛ̂sh ‘Lopsided’.

ŋɛlɛ̂sh

Nom sg: ŋɛ́lɛsh. Acc pl: ŋeléshī. Nom pl: ŋéleshí. adj. 1 • Lopsided

and

about to fall over (as of a car or house). 2 • The characteristic of having horns not pointing upright, or pointing in divergent directions. Kɛ́ŋɛlɛ́sh kʉndá mowuarák ɛldɛ́ k ́tɛ́ŋ. The horns of that bull are not upright. Mɛŋɛlɛ́sh ɛldɛ́ ɔ́ ́ŋɔ́n ́. That bull is upright. (lit: That bull is not lopsided.).

a-ŋɛ́n v. To be busy, active, clever. ŋɛ̂n Variant: ŋêny. Acc pl: ŋéni. Nom pl: ŋénî. [North] Acc sg: ŋên. [North] Nom sg: ŋên. adj. Clever,

intelligent, wise, smart, intellectually "sharp", knowledgeable, good at solving problems by talking; intellectually bright. Ŋɛ̂n implies that an individual is exceptional compared to others, and is good in what one has been taught. The term could apply to a specially-trained dog.

ɔl-ŋɛ̂n

n. Wise

person. Nétūmī ɨláŋénî. They met wisemen.

See: a-ɨtɛŋɛ́n ‘To

teach’; ɔl-á ́tɛ́ŋɛ́nyani ‘Teacher; one who makes others knowledgable’; ɔl-áŋéní ‘Wise person’. Ant: a-mɔdá ‘Foolish, stupid’. See: arriyá ‘Artistic’.

l-ŋencêî [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ŋéncei. [North] Acc pl: l-ŋɛncɛ́. [North]

Nom pl: l-ŋɛ́ncɛ. n. [North]

ɔl-ŋencéri

Cockroach.

Nom sg: ɔl-ŋénceri. Acc pl: ɨl-ŋɛncɛ́. Nom pl: ɨl-ŋɛ́ncɛ. n.

Coackroach.

e-ŋénó

[North] Nom sg: ŋenó. n.sg. 1 • Wisdom.

a-ŋenú

v.incep. 1 • To

person who has wisdom. 2 • Cleverness, craftiness. 3 • [North] Clever plan. 4 • Intellect.

learn. 2 • To become wise. See: ŋɛ̂n ‘Clever’.

a-ŋér [Chamus] a-ŋɛ́r

v. [Chamus]

ilím [South] ‘To weed’.

To weed.

ɔltʉŋáni ɔáta eŋénó a

See: a-irém ‘To

cultivate’; a-

destroy sth. by tearing or taking it apart. Áŋɛ́r ́ta ɛnkɨlâ. I am tearing the cloth. Ɛŋɛr ́ta ɛnkají. She is taking apart the house. Ɛŋɛr ́ta ɔlŋɔ́jɨnɛ ɛmpɔ́pɔk. The hyena is tearing off meat from a carcass. See: a-pɔlɔ́s ‘To tear’; a-k ́j [North] ‘To tear’. 2 • [North] To weed. See: a-ilím; a-iremokí ‘To weed’. 3 • To tear off parts of a cow as it escapes, but without killing it, as done by a hyena. 4 • [North] To gather grass for a weak domestic animal that could not graze on its own. 5 • To gather food for. This can include bringing grass to a cow when it can't graze, either because of sickness or lack of grazing land, or providing food for your family. 6 • To enlarge the bɔɔ́, kraal, by tearing down a section and building it larger. aŋɛ́r bɔɔ́ (i) to dismantle the fence of the v.prog. 1 • To

kraal and rebuilding a larger one; (ii) to dismantle the kraal.

a-ŋɛrá

tear (intr.). Ɛtɛŋɛ́rɛ ɔlkɔ́nɔ̂s ŋolé. The bag tore yesterday. (W).

a-ŋɛraá

v.mid. To

v.dir. [North]

or a door).

a-ŋɛrʉ́

To grab and slam (as a person by the hair,

v.dir. 1 • To

tear up, pull out violently (eg. grass from the ground). See: a-ilím ‘To weed’; a-ɨta ́ ‘To remove’. 2 • To bite off violently, cut up roughly. 3 • [South] To gather fruits. See: a-iturrúr ‘To gather’; a-sót ‘To gather’.

l-ŋɛ̂r [North]3

n. [North]

[North] ‘Mercy’.

ɛ-ŋɛ́rɛ́m

Mercy.

See: ɔl-ŋûr ‘Mercy’; l-gɛ̂r

Nom sg: ɛ-ŋɛrɛ́m. Acc pl: ɨ-ŋɛ́rɛma. Nom pl: ɨ-ŋɛrɛmá. [North] Acc

pl: ŋérémí. [North] Nom pl: ŋeremí. n. 1 • Depression, See: en-gúmótó ‘Hole’. 2 • Precipice.

deep hole, ditch.

Alɛ̂ gíitâ ápórórīē anâ ŋɛ́rɛ́m. This rope is

what I will use to creep/climb over this precipice. (SN). 3 • [North] Ravine, canyon.

ol-ŋéríántusí

Nom sg: ol-ŋeríántusí. Acc pl: il-ŋéríántús. Nom pl: il-

ŋeriantús. n. 1 • Plant with a small delicate lily flower and beans, whose sap is rubbed into small cuttings in the skin, for tatooing ladies' faces or breasts for beauty. 2 • The marks made by the sap of a certain plant on ladies faces for the purposes of decoration. See: a-ɨgɛ́r ‘To brand’; olkéríántús.

e-ŋeríēī [North] n. [North] Woman. See: en-kitók ‘Woman’. ɔl-ŋɛ́rŋɛrrua [North] Nom sg: l-ŋɛ́rŋɛ́rrua ?. n. [North] Rainy season

from late March-May; corresponds to the late rains of the Bible. See: l-túmuren [North] ‘Short rains’.

l-ŋɛ̂rr [North] [North] Nom sg: l-ŋɛ̂rr. n. [North] Mercy. ɔl-ŋɛrrɛ́mpɛ n. Spear with a long handle and short spear head used

by old men.

See: ɛm-pɛ́rɛ́ ‘Spear’.

l-ŋérríyíóí [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ŋerriyíóí. [North] Acc pl: l-

ŋérriyio. [North] Nom pl: l-ŋérríyio. n. [North] Wild olive tree. This tree can be used as a herb to treat worms; it is put on the door of the house in which a girl or boy is being circumcised; is used to light fire on the gate of the kraal through which cows will pass after they have been away for a period of time due to draught; and for cleaning calabashes. The root is edible. Olea africana. See: olóíríén ‘Olive tree’.

ɔl-ŋɛshɛ́r

n. During

the ɔl-ŋɛshɛ́r ceremony, the man is honored with an elder's chair. In the early morning of the day of the event, the man will sit on the chair and be shaved by his wife. If he has more than one wife, it is the oldest wife's responsibility to shave the husband. This chair becomes a man's "friend" until it is broken. If a man dies before the chair breaks, his oldest son will adopt the chair.The final event in the Maasai junior elder initiation, which is the final event within moran-hood. The ɔl-ŋɛshɛ́r ceremony unites the "left-hand" and "right-hand" sides of an age set. The ceremony is necessarily initiated by the Kisongo Maasai in the south. Following this ceremony, a man becomes a senior elder and gains full responsibility for his own family. He may now move away from his father's homestead and form his own (though his father remains an advisor in decision making). See: e-únótó ‘Junior elder initiation ceremony’.

ɨ-ŋɛ́shɛ́rrata

Nom pl: ɨ-ŋɛshɛ́rrata. n.pl. Sticks

fashioned into a kind of net for roasting meat. See: wúátánta ‘Sticks for roasting meat’.

a-ŋ ́c [Chamus] v. [Chamus] To cut. See: a-dúŋ ‘To cut’. a-ŋɨdá v.mid. 1 • To be proud, haughty; boast. ɔltʉŋáni ɔŋ ́da a person who is proud, haughty. 2 • To be happy, rejoice. 3 • To be naughty, go around disturbing others.

a-ŋɨdakinó

v.dat v.mid. 1 • To

be glad about.

2 • [North]

a-ŋɨdarɛ́

ɛ-ŋ ́da

To congratulate.

v.mid v.inst. 1 • To

boast of. 2 • To be proud of. Ant: a-bɔ́rr ‘To be calm, docile, gentle’. See: ashɨpá ‘To be happy’; a-pashɨpásh; a-masón; a-dɛɛnyá; awuasá ‘To be proud’; a-ɨtɔkɔɔ́s ‘To show off; flirt’; a-ɨpɛɛjá ‘To flirt’; a-ɨká ‘To be suspended; puffed up’; a-ɨtaakunó ‘To pretend’. [North] Nom sg: ŋ

́dâ. n.sg. 1 • Pride. Syn: ol-wuasá ‘Pride’. 2 • Joy, happiness (in the abstract sense). See: ɛn-cɨpái ‘Joy’; lŋidáti [North] ‘Joy, appreciation’.

l-ŋidáti [North]

́dati. n. [North] Joy, appreciation (eg. of something concrete). See: ɛ-ŋ ́da ‘Joy’.

ɔl-ŋ ́nāī

[North] Nom sg: l-ŋ

́na. Nom pl: ɨl-ŋ ́nâ. n. Black shiny stone which can break into glass-sharp pieces; obsidian. See: osóít ‘Stone’.

ɛ-ŋ ́ná ́

Nom sg: ɔl-ŋɨnáí. Acc pl: ɨl-ŋ

[North] Nom sg: ɛ-ŋɨná .́ 1 • Obsidian.

Previously used to make

knives. 2 • [North] Snow. Known only on the peak of Mt. Kenya.

a-ŋɨnyak ́ [North] v.dat. [North] To smear with oil. a-ŋɨŋ ́ v. 1 • To rub, polish. 2 • [North]

To grind (eg. with a grindstone). 3 • [North] To rub one's eyes with the fist.

a-ŋír [North]

v. 1 • [North]

To remove meat from the bone by

means of teeth. 2 • [North] To be angry because s.o. deceived you in jest. Kátíŋíro. He was angry because s.o. gave him bad information and later told him it was a lie. (S).

ŋírásh [North]

Nom sg: ŋírash. n. [North]

Skin skirt made for a young girl to cover one side of her body. See: n-capukúrr [North] ‘Skin skirt’; ɔl-ɔ́kɛ́sɛna ‘Skirt’.

a-ŋɨr ́

v. 1 • To

put up with, bear with, be patient with. 2 • To tolerate inconvenience or pain; persevere, endure, hold on, hold one's ground. aŋɨr ́ ɨntɛmát to endure temptations. See: a-ɨtɨrrɨŋá ‘To be at rest; remain quiet, calm’.

ɛ-ŋ ́r ́átá ŋirô1

[North] Nom sg: ŋɨrɨatá. n. Patience,

endurance.

See: a-ŋɨr

́ ‘To be patient’.

tolerance, perseverance,

Nom sg: ŋíro. Acc pl: ŋiroîn. Nom pl: ŋíroîn. [North] Acc sg: ŋírô. adj.

1 • Brown

to gray color; brownish-gray, dull gray-brown, bluishgray, potentially with red and yellow mixed in. This can be applied to the colors of a donkey, brown paper bags, concrete, whetting stones, earth, medium-brown hair, polished wood, etc. Átɔ́duaa ɛnkárɛ́ sápʉk nayɨmá ɛwúáso ŋirô. I have seen a lot of water running in the brown river. (Pk). Áíŋirô orkúrrarrú ŋolé ótɛrɛwuak ́. The baby-donkey taken away yesterday is gray. (Pk). Káíŋirô olchóni lɔ́ layíóni lɛ́mɛ́ ́sʉ́ja. A skin of a boy who does not bathe is grey. hard-headed. Káke ŋirô ɛlɛ̂ páyian. That man is stubborn. See: a-gól lʉkʉnyá ‘To be stubborn, hard-headed’; ɛŋirô ‘Donkey’. 2 • Stubborn,

e-ŋirô3

Nom sg: e-ŋíro. Acc pl: ik-ŋiroîn. Nom pl: il-ŋirôn. Variant: il-ŋíroîn.

In some suffixed forms: ŋiron. n. 1 • n. Donkey

(lit: the gray one). Usage: slang, contemptuous. lóki lɔɔ́ lŋirôn A group of donkeys (S). Donkeys are not considered very important, though they are used for transport. See: o-síkiria ‘Donkey’. 2 • n. Usage: derog. n.m. Uncircumcised boy. 3 • n.m. Hyena. Syn: ɔl-ŋɔj ́nɛ ‘Hyena’; ol-konói ‘Hyena’; nɛmɛlɨl ‘Hyena’. See: ôl-otonu ‘Hyena’. 4 • n.m. Name of a mountain considered sacred in Samburu district, to which the L-Masula clan of the Samburu have special rights.

Ŋírô [North] [North] Mt. Ng'iro. ŋíro ɔ́ŋʉ n. Having a brown eye, whether because it is the color brown, or has been somehow spoiled.

ŋíróícō [North] [North] Nom sg: ŋiróícō. n.sg. [North] Greyness. ŋírôn [North] [North] Nom pl: ŋíron. n.pl. [North] Donkies. LING: In S, plural for s ́kɨrɨa 'donkey'.

a-ŋironú [North] a-ŋ ́s

See: ŋirô ‘Gray,

See: o-síkiria ‘Donkey’.

v.incep. [North]

To become gray/brown.

brown’.

v. 1 • To

keep on eating, eat extraordinarily. 2 • To sweep in order to remove mud.

a-ŋɨsʉ́ a-ŋɔ́b

v. To

snatch.

v. 1 • To

See: a-wúáp ‘To

snatch’.

suck, squeeze. 2 • [North] To leech by sucking through a horn.

a-ŋɔbʉ́

v.dir. 1 • To

suck in. 2 • [North] To take a huge mouthful of liquid.

l-ŋɔbɛ́ta [North]

Cutting instrument used for leeding or leeching, so as to relieve infection; a cow's horn is then applied and the infection and blood are sucked out. See: a-ŋɔ́b ‘To suck, squeeze’.

ɔl-ŋɔ́bɔ́rr

[North] Nom sg: l-ŋɔ́bɛta. n. [North]

Acc pl: ɨlŋoborri. Nom sg: ɔl-ŋɔbɔ́r. Nom pl: ɨl-ŋɔbɔ́r. [North] Nom

sg: l-ŋɔbɔ́rr. [North] Acc pl: l-ŋóbórrí. [North] Nom pl: l-ŋoborrí. n. 1 • Temporary

house of sticks and skins; tent. In S, such a house lacks an entryway so that it can be moved easily. 2 • [North] Shelter. 3 • [North] Living/sleeping area of a traditional house (as opposed to the sitting area).

ŋócóc [North]

[North] Nom sg: ŋocóc. [North] Acc pl: ŋócócí. [North] Nom

pl: ŋococí. adj. [North]

a-ŋococú [North]

Milkless, dry (of cows).

v.incep. [North]

To become milkless, dry (of cows). See: ŋócóc [North] ‘Milkless’.

a-ŋododú [North]

v. [North]

botiró ‘To have an erection’.

ol-ŋóiŋôî

To have an erection.

See: a-

Nom sg: ol-ŋóiŋôî. Acc pl: ɨl-ŋɔ́ɨŋɔ́ .́ Nom pl: ɨl-ŋɔ́ɨŋɔ́í. [North] Acc

sg: l-ŋoiŋoí. [North] Acc pl: l-ŋóiŋóí. n. 1 • Maggot. 2 • [North]

ŋóji [North]

Tadpole.

[North] Nom sg: ŋójî. [North] Acc pl: ŋojítín. [North] Nom

pl: ŋójitín. n. [North]

Place.

ŋɔj ́nɛ1 Nom sg: ŋɔ́jinɛ. Acc pl: ŋɔjínīāā. Nom pl: ŋɔ́jiniaá. adj. Lame. Árá ŋɔj ́nɛ dúó. I limp today. Ɛ́ ́ŋɔj ́nɛ It limps. See: ɔlŋɔj ́nɛ ‘Hyena’.

ɔl-ŋɔj ́nɛ2

Nom sg: ɔl-ŋɔ́jɨnɛ. Acc pl: ɨl-ŋɔjínīāā. Nom pl: ɨl-ŋɔ́jiniaá. n.

Hyena. Ɛ́ ́nɔ́sá ɔlŋɔ́jɨnɛ ɔlconí lɛ́ nkɨtɛŋ The hyena has eaten the cows' skin. The animal was probably given this name because it limps when it walks; some of the limbs are shorter than the rest. Syn: l-ɛ́rɔ́mpɔ́, n-kasɛ́lɛnkɛ, porkorío [North] ‘Hyena’; ol-koírra, ol-konôî, leuú, némélíl, ɔl-ŋirô, ôl-otonu ‘Hyena’.

a-ŋojinú [North] v.incep. [North] To get a limp. e-ŋókí Nom sg: e-ŋokí. Acc pl: i-ŋók. Nom pl: i-ŋôk. n. Sin, offence.

Traditionally the Samburu consider murder, failing to provide food for one's father, and cursing of one's parents to be ŋókí. Kétīp ɔltʉŋáni iŋôk ánaa intɔ́rɔk ɛ́nyɛna. A person is made impure by his sins or wrongdoing. (Pk). Óre tɛ nkɛ́shâ ínyí ɨararɛ́rɛ iŋók in your struggle against sin (lit: in your fighting with sin). lɔpɛ́ny ŋók sinner (lit: the owner of sin).

ŋoldonyót [North] ŋolé

wounds.

[North] Nom pl: ŋóldonyót. n.pl. [North]

See: ɔl-báɛ ‘Wound’.

Small

Néjî ŋolé. (i) 'It was said yesterday' (ii) 'They said it yesterday' (W). Néji ŋolé. (i) 'It Nom sg: ŋóle. adv. 1 • Yesterday.

was said yesterday' (ii) 'They said it yesterday' (W). 2 • Of times before; yesteryear.

ŋolón

n. Power.

́ Ɨáta ŋolón ɛnkáí papâ níkísísíéki. You have

power God father that you are praised for. (C).

l-ŋóncóí [North] [North] Curse.

ɛ-ŋɔ́ny

Nom sg: l-ŋoncóí. Acc pl: l-ŋónco. Nom pl: l-ŋóncô. n.

See: ɔl-dɛkɛ́t ‘Curse’; l-mogírô

[North] ‘Curse’.

Nom sg: ɛ-ŋɔ̂ny. Acc pl: ɨ-ŋɔnyɔ́. Nom pl: ɨ-ŋɔ́nyɔ. [North] Acc sg: ŋɔny.

[North] Acc sg: ŋóny. [North] Nom sg: ŋóny. [North] Acc pl: ŋonyó. [North] Nom

blood vessel; vein, artery. Kɛ́ ́tɔrrɔnɔ̂ eŋôny ɛ́nyɛ. Its blood vessel is bad. pl: ŋónyo. n. Major

l-ŋɔ́pɛ́ [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ŋɔpɛ́. [North] Acc pl: l-ŋɔ́pɛ́ta. [North] Nom

pl: l-ŋɔpɛtá. n. [North]

Large post to support the roof of a house, split at the top to lay ceiling; pillar. When a family moves, only one of these pillars is transported and reused.

a-ŋór1

stab. Kéŋóroyu. It can be stabbed. Kóŋóroyi. It can be stabbed. (SN). v.prog. 1 • To

shoot (with arrow or gun); spear. Kíŋórí. You will be shot. (KS). Áataŋorokí olouré kokóyo. I was shot at my ankle bone. Ɛt́ áŋóró Múita olpúa ŋolé tɛ nkáwûô. Muita shot an antelope with a bow yesterday. Ḿmɛ Múíta ɔ́taŋoró olpúaa. It was not MUITA who shot the antelope. (W). Ɛɨtʉ́ éŋôr Múita olpúaa tɛ nkáwûô. Muita did not SHOOT the antelope with his bow. (W). Ḿmɛ olpúaa ɛ́táŋóró Múita. It was not an ANTELOPE that Muita shot. (W). Ḿmɛ ɛnkáwuo ɛtáŋóríé Múita olpúaa. It was not with a BOW that Muita shot the antelope. (W). Ḿmɛ ŋolé ɛ́táŋóró Múita olpúaa. It was not YESTERDAY that Muita shot the antelope. (W). See: a-wúás ‘To shoot’. 2 • To

sting. Míséyie aké ɛndâ mús oóltórok amʉ̂ eŋórisho. Don't disturb/touch that swarm of bees because they sting. (W). Áataŋoró olótoróí. The bee stung me. (W). 4 • To shoot an arrow to bleed a cow. 3 • To

a-ŋorishó [North]: a-ŋoricó. v.apass. To hunt. a-ŋoró v.mid. To be speared. Kéŋóro ɛlɛ́ ŋatúny. This lion has been speared.

a-ŋorokí

stab for, shoot at. 2 • To give livestock to s.o. who has passed from one significant life-stage to another, or who has performed some special duties that are impressive. 3 • [North] To wish sth. bad to happen to s.o.

a-ŋorú

1 • To

v.dir. 1 • To

get sth. 2 • To throw a spear toward the point of reference; to fish. See: a-ibʉ́ŋ isíŋkir; a-ɨtayú isíŋkir; a-rrésh isíŋkir ‘To fish’.

a-ŋór [North]2 a-ŋɔ́r

v. [North]

To jump over sth. while fleeing or competing. See: a- ́d ‘To jump over sth.’; a-ŋoró ‘To jump’. v.s. 1 • To

be unfulfilled, remaining to be completed, incomplete though nearly finished. Elotú olbunkéí aasak ́

́nâ sukúul harampée peê ɛshɛt inkalasiní náatɔŋɔrɔ̂. The Member of Parliament will come to do a

harambee (fundraiser) for that school so that they can build the remaining classes. (W). Eshɔmɔ́ yíéyiô alák iropiyianí náaŋɔ̂r te sípitáli. My mother has gone to pay the remaining money in the hospital. (W). abate, go down; not be filled to the top. Ká ́nyɔ̄ɔ ̄ peê ɨnchɔ́ olomóni sháái naŋɔ́r? Why did you give the visitor [a cup of] tea that is not full? (W). 3 • [North] To be born premature (of humans, animals). 2 • To

ol-ŋorét

Nom sg: ol-ŋóret. Acc pl: ɨl-ŋoréta. Nom pl: ɨl-ŋóreta. n. Blocked

arrowhead or arrow, used to pierce the juglar vein to bleed cattle.

e-ŋorét Blocked arrow. a-ŋorishó [South]: ŋúrr. [Chamus]: ŋúr. v. To hunt.

ɨl-Ŋɔ́rɨshɔ́ n.prop. Name of an age-set. ɛ-ŋɔrnɔ̂ Variant: ŋorinô. Nom sg: ɛ-ŋɔ́rnɔ̂. Acc pl: ɨ-ŋɔ́rn. Nom pl: ɨ-ŋɔ́rn.

Variant: ɨ-ŋɔ̂rn. [North] Acc sg: ŋornó. [North] Nom sg: ŋórnô. [North] Acc pl: ŋórn. [North] Nom pl: ŋôrn. n. 1 • Ghee,

made by boiling milk for about 2 hours. See: l-kɨs ́ɨc [North] ‘Clarified ghee’. 2 • Butter, made from the fat part of milk by shaking; may or may not be heated. Áshɔ́l ́ta ɛŋɔrnɔ̂. I am melting butter. See: ol-arámpâî ‘Cream’; ɛn-kapianá ‘Milk fat’; ŋanayíôî [North] ‘Curds’; táarr [North] ‘Whey’.

a-ŋoró

To jump, horizontally or vertically. Káŋóro. I am jumping. (S). See: a-ipíd ‘To jump’; a- ́d ‘To jump over’; adʉmʉ́ ‘To jump (as in a dance)’; a-itíám ‘To hop, jump’; aɨpɨr ́ ‘To jump’. v. 1 • [North]

be naughty. Kéŋóro ɛnkáyíóní náar inkíshú metúáta. A boy who kills cows is naughty. 2 • To

a-ŋororí

1 • To

leap continuously. 2 • [North] To jump off. 3 • To gallop.

a-ŋoroŋoró [North] [North] To jump up and down, with quick, repetitive spasms (eg. while dancing).

l-ŋoróoshî [North]

Type of big calabash used to store milk. Syn: l-mála lɛ́ kúéshí ‘Big calabash for storing milk’. See: osiaŋáu ‘Big calabash used to store milk’.

e-ŋóróré

n. [North]

Nom sg: e-ŋororé. n. 1 • Hunting.

2 • [North]

Bleeding of cattle (for drinking).

ɛ-ŋórótó n. Stabbing, shooting (with arrow). Nɛ́ ́dɨpak ́ siî ɛŋórótó oó nkíshú. The shooting of cows (on the jugular vein) has been done.

ŋóroyienî [North]

[North] Nom sg: ŋoróyienî. [North] Acc pl: ŋoríó.

[North] Nom pl: ŋório. n. Usage: Pejorative. [North]

e-ŋóroyioni

Woman.

Nom sg: e-ŋoróyioni. Acc pl: ɨ-ŋóróyíók. Nom pl: ɨ-

ŋoroyíók. n. 1 • Woman. 2 • Wife. Usage: In some dialects (eg. W), this is pejorative.. eŋóroyioni tápɨs Barren woman. See: en-kitók ‘Woman, wife’; m-paratût [North] ‘Wife’; ɛ-l ́pɔ́ŋ ‘Woman’.

a-ŋorú v. To give a gift to s.o. for hosting a (large) party. Áípótúó Nancy intaléŋo; néŋórú maúa ŋolé. I invited Nancy to a ceremony; then she gave me a bunch of flowers to say thank you yesterday. (W).

ŋorúnótó [North]

Variant: ŋorúnotó. [North] Nom sg: ŋorúnotó. n.

[North] Bleeding of cattle.

e-ŋorúoi

See: a-ŋór ‘To

stab’.

Nom sg: ŋórúóí. Acc pl: ŋoruo. [North] Acc sg: e-ŋorúei. n. A

female, a woman. Mol (1996:294) notes this may be pejorative in some areas.

l-ŋorróocî [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ŋórroocî. [North] Acc pl: l-ŋɔrrɔ́ɔc.

[North] Nom pl: l-ŋɔ́rrɔɔc. n. 1 • [North]

The largest calabash, used for

milk. 2 • [North] Tree sp.; the wood of this tree may be used for carving 'calabashes'. Erythrina burttii.

ɔl-ŋɔ́s ́lá

Nom sg: ɔl-ŋɔsɨlá. Acc pl: ɨl-ŋɔ́sɨl. Nom pl: ɨl-ŋɔ́sîl. [North] Acc

ɔl-ŋɔ́sua

Acc pl: il-ŋɔsuani. n. balanites aegyptiaca. The

́ ́ra ɛndá áyíóní ashukú bough. Ɛg ɔlŋɔ́s ́lá lɔ́ɔ ́ lchaní. That boy is bending a branch of a tree. (Pk). 2 • Ear of corn. See: sʉ́ráí [North] ‘Branch’; sálgéí [Chamus] ‘Branch’. sg: ŋásʉ́lá. n. 1 • Branch,

used for building fences, medicine, in witchcraft, is excellent for firewood, and it provides gum. Cattle eat its leaves.Desert-date tree.

wood of this tree is

ŋotó

Variant: ŋɔ́tɔ́; ŋótó. Nom

sg: ŋóto. [Purko] Acc

sg: ŋɔtɔ́. n voc. 1 • Mother

of. ŋotó Léken Mother of Leken. See: ŋútúnyí ‘Your mother’; ŋɔ́tɔ́nyɛ́ ‘His/her mother’; yieyióô ‘My mother’. 2 • Title preceding the name of a woman, named by reference to her child; Mama, mother. Ŋɔ́tɔ́ Saáyíón Mama Saáyíón. Ŋɔ́tɔ́ Saáyíón would refer to a specific woman by reference to her female child Saayion.

ŋotó l-otóro [North] [North] queen bee (lit: mother of bees) (S).

ŋotó l-otóro [North]

Riopa sundevallii. [North]

(lit: mother of snakes).

Burrowing skink

ŋotó kɔ́shɛshɛ n. Army ants. ŋotó-kílintâ n. Third finger. See: ɔl-ɔɔ́ntaléŋo ‘Third-finger’. ŋɔ́tɔ́nyɛ́ Variant: ŋɔtɔnyɛ́. Nom sg: ŋɔ́tɔnyɛ́. Variant: ŋɔtɔnyɛ́. Nom

pl: ŋɔtɔ́nyɛ. [North] Acc pl: ɔɔ́ŋɔtɔ́nyɛ. [North] Nom pl: ɔ́ɔŋotɔ́nyɛ. n.

His/her mother. ɔlɔbɔrʉ́ ŋɔtɔnyɛ́ One who is formed by his mother (lit: the one who is mother-carved). náa óre entóki pɔɔk ́ naáta ŋɔ́tɔnyɛ́, náa ɛnɛnyɛ́. All that his mother has, is his. In Maasai culture, a man can talk to his mother about anything. The mother is prototypically the one who nurtures, studies, and trains even sons in more intellectual ways. Etymology: ŋotó + ɛnyɛ́ 'mother + his'. See: ŋútúnyí ‘Your mother’; yieyióô ‘My mother’.

a-ŋóú

give off an odour (eg. meat, sewage); stink. Kóŋōū. It is giving off an odour/fragrance. (SN). Kótoŋóūā ŋolé. It began to smell yesterday. (SN). 2 • [North] To smell sth. v. 1 • To

a-ŋueicó [North] [North] To smell (things). a-ŋuayí [North] v.incep. [North] To rot, go bad. See: a-iŋuayá ‘To a-ŋú

feel the smell of sth.’.

stink, smell bad. Kóŋū. It smells bad. (SN). Kóŋū apá. It used to smell bad. (SN). 2 • To rot. v.s. 1 • To

a-ŋueyú

v.incep. 1 • To

a-ŋuoyú

v.incep. 1 • To

become smelly. 2 • To become rotten.

become smelly. 2 • To rot, become rotten, decompose.

e-ŋuán n. Smell. See: ol-ŋʉ́s ́l ‘Smell’; n-kʉaamá [North] ‘Smell’. ŋúání [North] [North] Nom sg: ŋuaní. n. [North] Smelly, filthy thing. See: a-ŋú ‘To

smell’.

a-ŋúárr [àŋwár] [àŋwárr] n. 1 • To have a desire for sth. aŋúárr elótótó ɛ Nairobi To have a desire for the journey to Nairobi. Kéyīēū náa ɔltʉŋáni l ́nyɔ́rr (ɔ aashʉ̂ líŋúárr) aláŋ ɛ́nányɔ̂rr kʉ́lɨká ́ tʉŋaná. It should be a person you like (or you desire) more than other people like. See: a-yíéú ‘To desire’. 2 • [North] To covet. 3 • To argue verbally against the truth about one's self. Eg. to argue that sth. which is not yours is in fact yours, to argue that you did not do sth. which did (eg. hit another car), or to argue that you did sth. which you did not do (eg. paying a debt).

l-ŋuarrá [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ŋúárra. n.sg. [North]

Desire, covetousness. See: l-dérro [North] ‘Desire, covetousness’.

e-ŋúdi

Nom sg: e-ŋúdî. Acc pl: ɨ-ŋúdisin,

e-ŋûɛ̂s

[ɛ̀ŋwɛ̂s] Nom sg: e-ŋûɛ̂s. Acc pl: i-ŋúési. Nom pl: i-ŋúésî. n. 1 • Animal

i-ŋúdisin. Nom pl: ɨ-ŋúdísin. [Purko] Acc pl: ɨ-ŋúsidin. [North] Acc sg: ŋʉ́dɨ. [North] Nom sg: ŋʉ́d .̂ [North] Acc pl: ŋúdisin. [North] Nom pl: ŋʉ́d ́sɨn. n. Thin stick for herding animals and hitting hard; in length possibly up to its owner's chest. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aɨrragíé iŋúsidin ɛnyɛ́nā pɔɔk ́. The man is putting down all his sticks. (Pk). See: o-sebua [South] ‘Stick’; n-tɨrrɨmá ‘Stick’; ɛn-carkaká ‘Thick stick’. (general). 2 • Wild animal (as opposed to a domestic animal or human being); game animal. Ɛ́ ́nɔ́sá eŋûês ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ. The wild animal has eaten (killed) the cow. In this sense eŋûês refers to wild animal such as the cheetah, lion, rhino, buffalo, hyena, snake, etc., but not to birds or fish. Syn: ɔl-kúkuû ‘Wild animal’. See: ɔlcáŋītō ‘Unspecified wild animal’. 3 • Fierce, potentially belligerent, beast. 4 • Any unknown, uncommon, weird animal. 5 • Domestic animal or human that has a (potentially temporary) quality of wildness or fierceness. Usage: metaphorical.

L-ŋúésî [North]

[North] Nom pl: L-ŋuesí. n.prop n.pl. [North]

in the black cattle moiety.

A phratry

ŋʉ́jɨ [North] n. [North] Place. See: e-wúéji ‘Place’. a-ŋuoyú v.incep. 1 • To rot. 2 • To

become smelly. 3 • To be rotten. See: tóŋúá ‘(To) be rotten’; a-isamisú ‘To be rotten’; a-ŋú ‘To stink’.

ɔl-ŋûr

Nom sg: ɔl-ŋúr. [North] Acc sg: l-ŋêr. n.sg. Mercy,

pity, kindness. See: l-ŋɛ̂r [North] ‘Mercy’; l-gɛ̂r [North] ‘Mercy, kindness, pity’.

a-ŋurmán [North]

v. [North]

ilét ‘To show wonder’.

a-ŋúrr

v. 1 • To

To exclaim in amazement.

See: a-

'cut' or break a substance by pulling it apart from

two ends (eg. chapati dough). otuŋurró ɛmɨny ɛlʉ́kʉ́nyá that the rhino cut on top. 2 • [North] To cut crudely, at random, or with a blunt instrument. 3 • [North] To whack at with a staff. 3 • [North] To cut off (eg. one's finger, a tree stump at the roots). 4 • To stop.

a-ŋurré v.mid. [North] To be cut. a-ŋurroó v.dir. To break. l-ŋʉ́rrác [North] [North] Nom sg: l-ŋʉrrác. [North] Acc pl: l-ŋʉrrácin, lŋʉrráci. n. [North] Butt end of a spear.

l-ŋʉ́rrásh [North]

Nom sg: l-ŋʉrrásh. Acc pl: l-ŋʉ́rráshî. Nom pl: l-

ŋʉ́rrashí. n. [North] Spear butt, the lower metal part of a speart. See: ɔl-mʉ́rrát ‘Lower part of spear’.

i-ŋúsidin [Purko] n.pl. Sticks; plural variant of e-ŋúdi 'stick'. Ɛg ́ra ɨláyiok áaitoosh iŋúsidin ɛnyɛ̂ ɛg ́ra áaigurran. The boys are knocking their sticks together as they play. (Pk). See: e-ŋúdi ‘Stick’.

ol-ŋʉ́s ́l

[Chamus] Acc sg: e-ŋʉ́s ́l. Nom sg: ol-ŋusíl. Acc pl: il-ŋusiló. Nom

pl: il-ŋúsilo. n. Smell,

odour, aroma, scent, stench. See: a-iŋusíl ‘To smell badly’; e-ŋuán ‘Smell’; n-kʉaamá [North] ‘Smell’.

ŋʉ́sʉ́r

Nom sg: ŋʉsʉ́r. Acc pl: ŋúsúrí. Nom pl: ŋusurí. adj. To

be short. Usage: Dɔ́rrɔ́p is general, collocating with animates and inanimates. Ŋʉ́sʉ́r collocates with animal tails and abstract concepts such as rainy season, meetings, journies, duration of life.. ará ŋʉ́sʉ́r To be short. See: dɔ́rrɔ́p ‘Short’.

ŋʉ́sʉ́rr [North]

[North] Nom sg: ŋusʉ́rr. [North] Acc pl: ŋúsúrrí. [North] Nom

pl: ŋusurrí. adj. [North]

Tailless.

a-ŋusurrú [North] v.incep. [North] To become tailless. ŋʉ́shʉ́sh Nom sg: ŋushushí. Acc pl: ŋúshúshí. Nom pl: ŋusushí. adj.

Without milk.

ŋútúnyí

Nom sg: ŋutunyí. Acc pl: ɨnɔɔ́

1 • Your

ŋutúnyi. Nom pl: ɨnɔ́ɔ ŋutúnyi. n.

(sg.) mother. 2 • Used to swear that one is telling the truth; "I am swearing by the name of your mother that I am telling the truth". See: ŋɔ́tɔ́nyɛ́ ‘His/her mother’; yieyióô ‘My mother’; ŋotó ‘Mother of s.o.’.

a-ŋʉtʉ́t

v. 1 • To

kiss. A mother will do this to her child, or sisters to brothers; it can be a form of greeting. Ɛŋʉtʉ́t enkítok ɛnkɛ́ráí ɛnyɛ́. A woman kisses her child. See: a-gús [North] ‘To kiss’. 2 • To suck sth.

́ a-ŋʉyán v. To cause sth. to make great noise. Ɨncɔɔ ɛnkɛ́rá ́ kʉlɛ́ míntóki aŋʉyán. Give the child milk, don't make her/him make noise.

See: a-lɨman ‘To

make restless’.

a-ŋʉyaná To make noise (as of cattle on the move).

O-o ɔ Letter representing the Maa mid back non-advanced tongue root vowel /ɔ/.

o Letter representing the Maa mid back advanced tongue root vowel /o/.

a-ó [North]

v.pf. [North]

To have gone dry; suppletive Perfect(ive) form of a-eyí 'to go dry'. Kéó. It went dry. (S). See: a-eyí [North] ‘To go dry’.

-o

voi. Nonperfective

-o

Variant: -ɔ. In some suffixed forms: -ok,

-ô

asp. Plural

ɔ

-ɔ

Middle voice suffix. +ATR variant of -a. a ‘Nonperfect(ive) Middle’.

See: -

-ɔk. asp. Allomorph of Perfect(ive) and Subjunctive aspect suffix -a(k). "Lɔ́ mʉrraní túkurto iyíóók "You warrior, stir us.". See: -a1.

perfect(ive) aspect suffix; +ATR variant of -â. Enkiní

mɛ́nɛ́ŋaní ɛnyɛ̂ kítuputô naárrɨ áaɨtaa ɔlaigúɛ́nani.

It was his young man (corpse) that we annointed those days to be the age-set leader. (KS). See: -^ ‘Plural’; -â ‘Plural perfective aspect’; -a(k) ‘Perfect(ive) aspect’.

Variant: o. conj. Clitic

which preceedes time adverbials or the subjunctive m-, to indicate that the main clause event continues until the time or situation indicated by the time adverbial of subjunctive clause event. odúóó until today. ɔ tɛnákatá up until now. Nɛ́m ̄r aké ɔmɛ́ ̄nɛ̄pʉ̄. He chased him until he caught up with him. Ɛg ́ra arrɛtɛ́n omeéu doí nabô olôŋ néípoto lɛ́lɔ̂ apʉták. He continued preparing until the day came (that) he called those in-laws. Nɛ́ ̄bʉ̄ŋ enkóítóí ɔmɛtɔ́ɔrɔtɔ́. He followed the path until it (lit: they) divide.

In some suffixed forms: -ɔr. dir. 1 • Motion-away

verb suffix.

a-ó

2 • Distributive

aspect. See: -a ‘Away directional’.

bleed. Tɛ́ɛna enetuduŋó ɛnkalɛ́m méítokí awó. Put a bandage on the area that the knife has cut so that it won't keep bleeding. (Pk). Eô táatá. It will bleed (or leak) today. Kéo enkíne. The goat will bleed. Kág ́ra aó. I am bleeding. Ká ́táo ɛnkíné I will make the goat bleed. Kéitáóī enkíné. The goat will be made to bleed. Etawê. He has bled.

Variant: a-wó. v. 1 • To

leak. Ínyíóo tʉ́mʉra ɛnkají méítokí awó. Get up and plaster the roof of the house so it won't keep leaking. (Pk). 3 • To clot. 2 • To

a-woú e-ó

make bleed, tap (a vein). Níwóu ɔsárgɛ́ láí, You tap my blood. (KS). v.incep. To

In some suffixed forms:: -ok. Variant: e-wó(k). PL.PF: áa-oto. v.pf. 1 • (To)

have ripened. Ewó ɛlɛ̂ ŋánayíóî amʉ̂ ɛ́tɔ́dɔ́rɔ́. This fruit has ripened because it is red. Kéóo. It has ripened. (S). Kéóto. They have ripened. (S). cook until ready to eat. Íntoó ɛndáa. Cook the food until ready. 3 • To turn sour, curdle (of milk). See: a-kú ‘To become ripe’; aokú ‘To become ripe’. 2 • (To)

a-itók v.cause. Káítok orŋanayíóî. I will make the fruit ripen. Kéítokí olŋanayíói. The fruit will be made to ripen. a-okú v.incep. To ripen. Kéóku orŋánayíóî. The fruit will ripen. -o

(-K Pk). See: a-kú ‘To ripen (Nonperfective)’.

v.mid. 1 • (To)

be ripe. Eó táatá. It is ripe today. (Pk).

be ready to eat (ie. fully cooked). Kɛ́wɔ. The food is ready. (S). 2 • (To)

be ready. Usage: bees. Eóto ɨlɔ́tɔrɔk. The bees are ready (to be harvested for honey). (W). 3 • To

be fermented, coagulated. Usage: milk. Eóto nɛnâ lɛ̂. That milk is fermented. (W). Óre eotô, ́mpɔshá amʉ̂ kɛ́j ̄ŋ ɛɨlatá. When it coagulates, shake it because fat will be formed. (KS). This verb indicates that the milk is nicely ready to drink, not spoiled. This verb cannot be applied to beer. 4 • (To)

ɔ́2

Neiriamari nabô ɔlɔ́ŋ ɔlpáyian (i)nkíshú ɔ́ esiankíki ɛnyɛ́. One day, an old man and his newly-wedded bride went to graze cattle. Nɛ́yá inkíshú ɛnyɛ̂ ó isirkôn. He took their cows and donkies. Mmeyíéúní esúnkúreisho tiátua ɛrámátarɛ ɔ́ ɛ́mbɔ́ ́ta. Guile is not wanted in living and working together. (Pk). kʉnâ tapʉ́ka aré ɔ ɛ́nda moríjóí these two flowers and that pink one (W). Note: optionally [wɛ́nda] ɨntapʉ́ka aré sapúkī olêŋ ɔ ɛ́nkɨt ́ nabô two very big flowers and one small one (W). ɨntapʉ́ka aré sikítō sapúkī ɔ ɛ́nkɨt ́ olêŋ

Variant: ó. prep. 1 • And.

two big yellow flowers and a very small one (W). Note: The 'very small one' may be a flower of any color, not restricted to yellow. entítō ɔ́ lpayíán a girl and a man (homophonous with 'a girl of the man', ie. the man's daughter). along with. Ɛshɔmɔ́ ɨlmʉ́rrân áasotu ɨmbáa te wúéjî nɛ́taararɛ̂ ɔ́ lmaŋátī ŋolé. The warriors have gone to collect arrows from where they fought with the enemies yesterday. (W). See: náa ‘And’; ɔ́1 ‘Masculine possessor’. 2 • Associatve,

ɔ ɔ-1

prt. Emphatic.

Óre siî ɔ nánʉ́ nɛ́māyīēū ɨna álánó. I also do

not want that ineptitude. (Pk).

Nom sg: ɔ́-. [West] Acc sg: a-. pn.b rel. Masculine

singular relativizer; who.

M ́ncɔ k ́lɛ́j ́, amʉ̂ mɛáta ɔltʉŋáni oyíólo ajó etubúlūā dúóó. Do not let anyone deceive you because there is no one who knows when he grows. Lmʉ́rráni otupútuak ́ alɛ́. This is the warrior who was woken up. Éíniniŋó ɔlɔɨrɔr ́ta. Listen to the one who is speaking. (W).

ɔldóínyó ɔ́ ́bɔ̄rr the white mountain (Mt. Kilimanjaro). Álɔ̂ taá ayíóni áadorú? Which of the (two or more boys) [is the one] who will be taller? (W). Éíniniŋó ɔlɔɨrɔ́. Listen to the ɔ-2

ɔ́1

one who is going to speak/who always speaks. (W). See: n- ‘Feminine relativizer’; ɔɔ́- ‘Masculine plural relativizer’.

Variant: o-. pn.b. North

Maa (Samburu) variant of the third person bound pronominal prefix, occurring before stems with back stem-initial vowels; he, she, they. Kóron nkíshu anapârr. The cows will go without water today. (SN). Kópuonú. They will come. (SN). Kɔ́pʉ́dárɛ́ nanká lpʉrankéti. The cloth/bed sheet is together with the blanket. (SN). See: ɛ- ‘Third person bound pronominal prefix’.

Nom sg: ɔ́. Acc pl: ɔɔ́. Nom pl: ɔ́ɔ. [South] Acc sg: á. psr.prt. 1 • Of;

possessive particle indicating that a following noun is masculine, singular, and the possessor of the immediately preceding noun. The possessive (genitive) form codes a range of semantic relations, including ownership, part-whole composing substance, type, partitive, etc. nkâŋ ɔ́ ŋuesi game reserve (lit: home of beasts). ɛnkɔŋʉ́ ó sitíma Bulb of a torch. emúá tɔrrɔ́nɔ̂ ɔ́ lcaní bad type of tree. ɛmpɔ́lɔs ɔ́ ltʉŋáni the middle (waist) of the person. entítō ɔ́ lpayíán a girl of the man (ie. the man's daughter). Ɛnɔ́ rk ́tɛ́ŋ ɛnâ kɛ́ɛnɛ. This leather strap belongs to the ox. (Pk). 2 • The possessive particle expresses the relation between a nominalized transitive verb and its object. ɛyɨɛratá ó loshoró cooking of porrige. enturoré ɔ́ ngumót digging of holes. ɨlpáp ́t ló lmelíl hair of the neck. See: ɛ́ ‘Singular possessive particle Feminine and Place genders; also used for Masculine gender’; ɔ́2 ‘Associative’.

ɔ aashʉ̂ ɔ arashʉ̂

conj. Alternative conj. Or. See: ɔ

conjunction; or.

aashʉ̂ ‘or’.

See: aashʉ̂; ɔ

arashʉ̂ ‘Or’.

ɔ m-

ɔáre obô

conj. Adverbial

subordinate conjunction complex indicating

extent; until. Kérūk ɨlMaasá ́ ɛntál ́pá ɛ papaí linó o menótō ewúéji neiŋúāā apá Maasai scrutinize the historical background of your father until they find the place he was from. (KS). (Masculine). ɨltʉ́ŋánák ɔáre two people. See: aáre ‘Two (Masculine)’. [ɔááre] num. Two

(masculine). Eyéwuo dúóó oltúkútuk ónapɨta ɔlpayíán obô. A motor-cycle that was carrying one man came. (Pk). Nom sg: óbō. num. 1 • One

(masculine). Ádɔ́l ́ta kʉlɔ̂ payianí ɔáre tasátī ɔ́ ɛ́ldɛ obô. I see these two old men and that one. (W). 2 • One

nabô One (feminine). k-ɔ́bɔ́ ́ta ɔ́ŋʉ [North]

adj. Usage: euphemistic. [North]

Polite word to refer to a person who uses only one eye after the other one has been damaged or removed (lit: the one who is with eye). See: a-boitá ‘To be with’; ɔl-ɔkúrto ɔ́ŋʉ ‘Person with damaged eye’; ɛnk-ɔŋʉ́ ‘Eye’.

l-obolkíik [North] n. [North] Dung-beetle (lit: of dung-opener). l-obolkík [North] n. [North] Beetle. ɔl-ɔbɔrʉ́ ɛn-kɛɛnɛ́ Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́bɔrʉ́ ɛn-kɛɛnɛ́. [North] Acc sg: l-abarʉ́

nkɛɛnɛ́. n. Leader; s.o. who unifies a group (lit: the one who cuts out a strap). The ɔl-ɔbɔrʉ́ ɛn-kɛɛnɛ́ is chosen prior to the e-únótó ceremony and is honored with a knotted leather strap that symbolizes his age set. By the end of warriorhood, this knot will be untied to free the warriors from their isolated world and enable them to do things independently without other age mates. See: olotunó ‘Age-group leader’.

ɔl-ɔbɔrʉ́ ŋɔtɔnyɛ́

n. One

who is cunning (lit: one who is cut out/carved [by] his/her mother). Táara ɔlɔbɔrʉ́ ŋɔtɔnyɛ́. Dodge it cunningly/Fight using your imagination. (lit: Fight

(like) one who is mother-carved.). The expression ɔlɔbɔrʉ́ ŋɔtɔnyɛ́ is perhaps most likely to be used when there is some opposition. The opposition need not be physical, but is one where one needs to use his mind. Even if one is not as strong as s.o. else, by using his brain he may still win. See: a-bɔ́r ‘To cut’; ŋɔ́tɔ́nyɛ́ ‘Mother’.

a-óc [North] v. [North] To beat, hit, strike. See: a-ósh ‘To hit’. a-ocoó [North] v.dir. [North] To take animals in the absence of the owner but not without notifying him.

nk-ɔ́cɛkɛ [North]

[North] Nom sg: nk-ɔ́cɛ́kɛ. [North] Acc pl: nk-ócuaa.

[North] Nom pl: nk-ócúaa. n. 1 • [North] 2 • [North]

belly, stomach.

Womb. 3 • [North] The area beside (eg. a river, mountain). See: ɛnkɔ́shɔkɛ ‘Stomach’.

ocí [North] adv. [North] Usually, regularly. See: oshî ‘Usually’. l-ɔcɨrtɨt ́ [North] [North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́cɨrtɨt .́ n. [North] Place where children slide down a hillside; slide. slip, slide’; a-ɨshɨrt ́t ‘To slip, slide’.

nk-ɔ́cɔ́lá ́ [North]

See: a-ɨcɨrt

́t [North] ‘To

[North] Nom sg: nk-ɔcɔlá .́ [North] Acc pl: nk-ɔ́cɔla.

[North] Nom pl: nk-ɔ́cɔ́la. n. [North]

Solder used by blacksmiths. See: ɛnk-ɔ́shɔ́lá ́ ‘Metal coin’; a-cɔ́l [North] ‘To melt’.

l-ocoró [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ócoró. n. [North]

oshoró ‘Porridge’; n-kurumá [North].

ócótó [North]

See: ol-

[North] Nom sg: ocotó. [North] Acc pl: ocót. [North] Nom

pl: ocót. n. [North]

ol-ódí

Porridge.

A hit, strike.

See: a-óc

[North] ‘To hit’.

Nom sg: ol-ódī. [North] Nom sg: l-odí. [North] Acc pl: l-odîn. n. 1 • Plastic

bangle put on the wrist of the arm; it can also be broken to fit into the earlobe. Kényokíé olódī ɔaata enkáyíóní té nkíōk. The bangle the boy has on his ear is red. 2 • [North] Earring. See: bánkíli.

l-lódí [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-odí. [North] Acc pl: l-odîn. n. 1 • [North]

Bracelet, such as a plastic bangle. 2 • [North] Earring.

l-odidíóí [North] n. [North] Barbet. l-odíjóí [North] [North] Nom sg: l-ódijôî. [North] Acc pl: l-odíjô. n. Trachyphonus erythocephalus. [North]

l-ódo [North]

n. 1 • [North]

a-ɔdɔ́ [North]

v.s. [North]

Red and yellow barbet.

Type of song sang by old men. 2 • [North] An elder's dance. See synonyms at: See: l-aparasíyíó [North] ‘Type of song sung by somen’. To be linearly extended in one dimension; tall, long. See: a-adɔ́ ‘To be tall, long’.

l-ɔdɔ́ [North]

n. [North]

Blood.

Etymology: Internal reconstruction and

a-

dɔ́-rʊ̀ for Lokoya (Vossen 1982ː411) suggests earlier *dɔr, though Vossen gives Proto-Lotuko-Maa *-dɔ- 'be red' (Vossen 1982:411).. See: ɔsárgɛ́ ‘Blood’; a-adɔ́ ‘To be red’.

ɔl-ɔdɔ́

In some suffixed forms: -ɔdɔr. n. 1 • The

2 • Tea

without milk.

one (masc) that is red.

l-ɔdɔ́ [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́dɔ. [North] Acc pl: l-ɔdɔ̂n. [North] Nom pl: l-

ɔl-ɔdɔ́ lɛ́ nkɔp

n. 1 • The

ɔ́dɔn. n. [North] Blood (of humans or animals). The germ sárgɛ́ is rare or is considered Maasai. See: ɔ-sárgɛ́ ‘Blood’; a-dɔ́ ‘To be blood-red’. abyss; endless pit believed to exist at the furthest point under the earth (lit: the red of the earth). 2 • The place one talks about sending an item when it has died or when one is fed-up with it. Usage: derog. See: eúlulû ‘Bottomless pit, valley’.

ɔl-ɔdɔ́ nk-ajijík Place where one can drink alcoholic beverages (lit: the one of red houses).

l-ódóŋdóŋ [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-odoŋdɔ́ŋ. [North] Acc pl: l-

odoŋdoŋí. [North] Nom pl: l-ódoŋdoŋí. n. [North] Wooden bell, worn by camels and small stock. See: l-ókórkór [North]; Wooden bell.

ɔl-ɔ́dɔ́ŋ ́dɔ́ŋ

Nom sg: ɔl-ɔdɔŋɨdɔ́ŋ. Acc pl: il-odoŋidoŋí. Nom pl: il-

ódoŋidoŋí. n. Wooden bell for goats.

See: ol-túálá ‘Bell’.

ol-odoo

n. Noise. See: o-róréí ‘Word’; ɔ-lɔlɛpɨlɛp

ol-odúá

[North] Acc sg: l-odûâ. [North] Nom sg: l-ódua. [North] Acc pl: l-odûân.

[North] ‘Noise’; ol-buaá ‘Harrangue’. [North] Nom pl: l-óduan. n. 1 • Bile, 2 • Gallbladder.

́ ‘Noise’; l-oilɛmɨlɛm ́

gall.

Náa ́nâ mueyíán apá náawá ɨltʉ́ŋáná kúmok olêŋ aláŋ olodúá ó lameyu. ... and that was the 3 • Rinderpest.

disease that killed many people, more than rinderpest and drought. 4 • Bitterness. See: a-dúá ‘To be bitter’.

óê [North]

interj. [North]

Yes? What? Usage: used by men. See: eóó [North] ‘Yes? What? (used by women)’.

l-ɔ́gɛ́sána [North] n. [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́gɛsána. [North] Acc pl: l-ɔgɛsananí.

Old time skirt made of goatskin leather. ákɛ́sɛ́na ‘Skirt’.

ol-ogól

n. 1 • Main

See: ɔl-

fire log used to sustain a fire; log cut to length for

burning. 2 • Branches for closing the gate. See: ol-tím ‘Branches for closing the gate’; leŋóti ‘Main fire log’.

ol-ogól tîm

[òlòɡól tìm] n. Species

of tree with very hard branches; used to close the gate for cows.

l-ogolí [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ógolí. [North] Acc pl: l-ogolîn. [North] Nom

pl: l-ógolîn. n. [North]

Woman's ornament with glass beads. See: em-porrôî ‘Woman's bead ornament’.

ɛnk-ogóŋi

n. Hot-temperedness,

being easily angered. See: engogóŋi ‘Hot-temperedness’; a-gogóŋ ‘To be hot-tempered’.

l-ɔɨbákunói [North] envy.

Nom sg: l-ɔ́

See: o-lôm ‘Jealousy’.

́bákunói. n. [North] Jealousy,

l-ɔɨbɛ́lâ ̂ [North]

́bɛlâ .̂ [North] Acc pl: l-ɔɨbɛ́la. [North] Nom pl: l-ɔ́ ́bɛlá. n. [North] Ankle joint.

ol-oibóni

[North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́

Nom sg: ol-óíboni. Variant: ol-óíbóní. Acc pl: il-oibónok. Nom

pl: il-óíbonok. Variant: ɔibónɨ; aibóni. n. Ritual

expert, medicine man, prophet, diviner who has the highest rank in Maasai society. Ɛshɔmɔ́ ɨlmʉ́rrán oloibóni mɛtámāy ̄ān ̄. The warriors have gone to the fortune-teller to be blessed. Eibóníto olóíboni ɔlárrabal. The diviner is divining the war. (W). An ol-oibóni is normally a man of about fifty years of age who has the highest rank in society because he is believed to have supernatural powers to heal, bless, undo witchcraft, and to mediate between God and man. The main functions of an ol-oibóni are: 1. Making predictions; 2. Advising and blessing warriors with regards to the success of their battles; 3. Concocting and undoing curses: If s.o. is cursed, ol-oibóni can figure out who made the curse, and what action the person should take to undo it, or he can give out medicine to cure the curse; 4. Searching for the cause of diseases that are especially challenging. He ascribes his position from his deceased father and will maintain it until he passes it on to his eldest son just before his death. The Maasai may have only one or two ol-oibóni at a time, and every section of the Maasai will visit him at certain days of the month. Ol-oibóni is no longer very powerful, but in previous years he was the most prominent person in Maasai society. Still nowadays, warriors will not go to war without first consulting with ol-oibóni. Also, other people will go to see oloibóni: If s.o. cannot understand the cause for sth. that has happened, or wants to know what might happen in the future, he will go to ol-oibóni, who will give him magic/explanation, or ɛnáíbón. Ol-oibóni can explain why there is a problem, or who placed a curse on the individual (ɛn-áíbón). He can also possibly explain why another person placed a curse on that individual, and what the person should do to get the curser to undo his curse. He is also known to curse if consulted to do so. He will only be able to perform his duties under the influence of alcohol. His consultation

fee is always paid in form of cows (usually 49). In traditional Maasai society there have been and still are famous ink-oibónok (women who have the role of ɛnk-oibóni), as for instance Sekenan, who lived near Magadi. Il-oibónok use en-kidoŋ (calabashes) to carry small objects used in divination.

enk-oibóni Prophetess. Li oibóni! O ritual expert! See: aibón ‘To exercise the office of ritual expert’; enkídoŋ ‘Calabash’; ɔl-abáani ‘Healer’; ol-kuyantiki ‘Selfproclaimed healer’.

ol-óíborr

n. European

(lit: one who is white). This is lexicalized to refer specifically to skin-color (hence, ethnicity), and not for white objects generally.

ɔl-ɔ́ ́bɔ́rr árɛ

Acc pl: ɨl-ɔ́

́bɔ́rr aríák. n. A month in the Maasai calendar (around August?) during which the rain water is mostly clear and has foam (lit: water that is white). Tɔlápá apá lólóíbórr árɛ apá ɛtɔ ́shɔtɛ intaré âŋ. It was in the month of "Water that is white" that our sheep and goats gave birth. (Pk).

ɔl-ɔ́ ́bɔ́rr-bēnēk

n. croton megalocarpus (lit: that which is white-leaved). Species

tree with white leaves, whose underside are a pale, silvery colour.

ɔl-ɔ́ ́bɔ́rr-būkūshī

Acc pl: ɨl-ooiborr-bukushin. n. Knee-bone

that which is white-kneecap).

ɔl-ɔ́ɨbɔ́rr-kíneji

(lit:

n. Samburu

person (lit: he who is-white goat). See: il-pusi-kineji ‘Samburu people’.

ɔl-ɔ́ ́bɔ́rr-k ̄dɔ̄ŋɔ̄ ̄ 1 • Wild

n. dog.ACC.

dog, hunting dog. lycaon pictus.

2 • White-tailed

ɔl-ɔ́ ́bɔ́rr-k ̄pā

mongoose. ichneumia albicauda (lit: that which is white-tail).

n. Type

of grass which contains a whitish milky substance (lit: it-of-white-slime).

l-ɔ́ ́bɔ́rr-kʉ́rʉm [North]

Nom sg: l-ɔ́

́bɔ́r-kʉ́rɨm. Acc pl: l-ɔɔ́ ́bɔ́r-

of

kúrúmi. Nom pl: l-ɔ́ɔ ́ ́bɔ́r-kúrúmî. n. [North] Grevy zebra (lit: white rump). Equus grevyi. See: ol-óítíkó ‘Zebra’; ɔl-kánká ‘Type of zebra’.

ɔl-ɔ́ ́bɔ́rr-kūmē ɔl-ɔ́ ́bɔ́rr-kʉ̄tʉ̄k

n. Donkey n. Roan

mouth).

ɔl-ɔɨbɔrr-lʉ́kʉ́nyá

eurocephalus rueppelli.

(lit: that which is-white nose).

antelope.

hippotragus equinus (lit: that which is-white

n. 1 • White-crowned

shrike (lit: white-head).

2 • Old

man; a white- or gray-haired person (lit: he who is whitehead). See: ol-oiborlʉ́kʉ́nyá ‘White-crowned shrike’.

ɔl-ɔ́ ́bɔ́rr-mūrt

n. Fish-eagle;

is-white neck).

species of bird.

cuncuma vocifer (lit: that which

ɔl-ɔ́ ́bɔ́rr-nyāālātī n. Type of meat (lit: that which is-white cud). ɛnk-ɔ́ ́bɔ́rr-siadí Nom sg: ɛnk-ɔɨbɔ́rr-siadí. Acc pl: ɨnk-ɔɔ́ ́bɔ́rr-siadín. Nom pl: ɨnk-ɔ́ɔɨbɔ́rr-siadín. n. Antelope Syn: enk-olií

ɔl-ɔ́ ́bɔ́rr-tūlī buttock).

ɛnk-ɔɨbɔt ́

‘antelope’.

n. Thomson

Nom sg: ɛnk-ɔ́

1 • White

gazelle.

species.

gazella grantii.

gazella thomsonii (lit: that which is-white

́bɔt .́ Acc pl: ɨnk-ɔɨbɔt ̂n. Nom pl: ɨnk-ɔ́ ́bɔt ̂n. n.

soil. 2 • Dam. See: l-págas ‘White soil’.

ɔl-ɔɨbúrukúshi

Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́

́búrukúshi. Acc pl: ɨl-ɔɨbúrukúsh. Nom pl: ɨl-ɔ́ ́búrukúsh. n. Knee cap. See: em-bukushi ‘Knee cap’; ɛnkʉ́ŋʉ́ ‘Knee’.

l-oicérunôî [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-óícerunôî. n. [North]

Milk which comes later after a cow has refused to give milk on an earlier milking.

l-ɔɨcɨm ́ [North]

Commiphora africana. The

ɔl-ɔɨdɛ́ɛm

marked by fever, flu, or cold-like symptoms.

wood from this tree is good for making head-rests.[North] Tree sp. See: l-aɨcɨm ́ [North] ‘Tree sp.’; ol-órika ‘Stool’. n. Illness

ɔl-ɔɨd ́

Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́ɨd .́ Acc pl: ɨl-ɔɔ́ɨdɨ. Nom pl: ɨl-ɔ́ɔɨdɨ. n. High

jump (lit:

the one to be jumped over); a game. Ɛɨd ́ ɔlɔɨd ́ tɛ súkuúl. A high-jump is jumped in school. Mɛ́ ́dɨm ɔltʉ́ŋání ómuei a ́da ɔlɔɨd ́. A sick person cannot be able to jump over a high-jump. See: a- ́d ‘To jump over’.

l-oidídî [North] barbet.

[North] Nom sg: l-óídidî. n. [North]

D'arnaud's

Trachyphonus darnaudii.

ol-oidikidíkoré n. Pointing finger; toe next to big toe. ol-oidólokî [South] Variant: ol-aidóloki. Nom sg: ol-óídólokî. Acc pl: il-oidólok. Nom pl: il-óídolók. [North] Acc sg: l-oidólokî. n. 1 • [South]

One of the two protruding bony structures on each side of a human beings ankle. 2 • [South] Elbow. Syn: ol-ouré kokóyo. See: e-múrt ɛ́ŋ-kɛjʉ; ɛrʉbatá ɛ́n-kɛjʉ ‘Ankle’; l-aibelái [North] ‘Ankle’; ɔl-ɔp ́ lɛ́ ntákule ‘Elbow’.

ol-oidólōl

Nom: ol-óídolól. Nom sg: ol-óídolol. PL: il-oidololí. Nom pl: il-

óídololí. [Purko] Acc sg: ol-óídólul. n. Elbow. Káayá ɛntákúle mmɛ̂ ilkímōjik anáa olóídolól. My forearm hurts, not the fingers or the elbow. (Pk). See: ɔl-aidólokî; en-kikokúá; ɔ-lɛ́ sá ́nká; ɛn-tákule ‘Elbow’; ɛ-rʉ́bátá ‘Joint’.

l-ɔɨgɨrr ́gɨrrâ [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́

l-ɔɨguɨguɨári [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́

́gɨrr ́gɨrrâ. n. [North] Large club which has a heavy metal gearl on the end. See: l-náat; rúnkú; l-t ́nka [North] ‘Club’. ́guɨguɨári. [North] Acc pl: lɔɨguɨguɨariní. [North] Nom pl: l-ɔ́ ́guɨguɨariní. n. [North] Tortoise. See: ol-óíkúmá ‘Tortoise’; l-ɔɨgʉyʉgʉyári [North] ‘Tortoise’.

l-ɔɨgʉyʉgʉyári [North]

Nom sg: l-ɔ́

́gʉyʉgʉyári. Acc pl: lɔɔ́ ́gʉyʉgʉyári. Nom pl: l-ɔ́ɔɨgʉyʉgʉyári. n. [North] Tortoise. See: ol-óíkúmá ‘Tortoise’; a-ɨgʉyʉgʉyarí ‘To move slowly’.

óíjie The stage of a female animal or woman just after they have given birth; maybe as long as a month.

See: en-

tómónīshō ‘Postpartum stage’.

ɔl-ɔɨj ́l ́l ́

Nom sg: ɔl-ɔɨjɨlɨl .́ [North] Nom sg: l-óíjililî. n. 1 • Drop

of liquid. 2 • [North] Last drops of liquid in a container (eg. of milk in a calabash).

l-óíjuk [North]

Small fire lit beside the normal big fire for roasting meat. See: ɛn-k ́má ‘fire’.

l-oikárr [North]

Nom sg: l-oijúk. n. [North]

Slaughtering and meat eating away from settlements used by warriors. See: aɨkárr ‘To fence in’.

ɨl-ɔ́ ́kɔp

[North] Nom sg: l-óíkarr. n. [North]

Nom pl: ɨl-ɔ́

́kɔ̂p. n.pl. 1 • Guilt of murder; the result of asesekúán. Kɛáta ɨlɔ́ ́kɔp. He is guilty of murder. 2 • Death.

aata lɔ́ ́kɔp (i) to have committed murder; (ii) to be in a state of guilt or taboo on account of murder. alák ɨlɔ́ ́kɔp 3 • Taboo.

to pay for a crime, to compensate for a crime. Syn: ɨn-kɨrrɔ́. See: aɨkɔ́p ‘To touch, hit, hurt’; ɔl-ɔ́ ́kɔ́paní ‘Murderer’; in-kíshú ɔɔ́ nkɨrrɔ́ ‘Cows given in compensation for murder’.

ɔl-ɔ́ ́kɔ́paní harm’.

ɔl-ɔ́ ́kʉ́lʉ́

n. Murderer. See: ɔl-á

́kɔ́paní ‘Murderer’; a-ɨkɔ́p ‘To hurt,

Nom sg: ɔl-ɔɨkʉlʉ́. n. Part

of meat from the chest (between the front legs of) an animal after it has been cooked. It is usually eaten by boys. See: en-kiyíéú ‘Part of animal between the front legs’.

ol-oikúluo

Nom sg: ol-óíkuluo. n. Vapor

ol-óíkúmá

Nom sg: ol-oikumá. Acc pl: il-oikúmāīshī. Nom pl: il-

that appears on the ground surface when the sun is hot. See: lɛ-k ́ma ‘Vapor’. óíkumaishí. n. Tortoise. In S this term occurs but is less common than l-ɔɨguɨguɨári. See: l-ɔɨgʉyʉgʉyári; l-ɔɨguɨguɨári [North] ‘Tortoise’.

enk-oileelío [Purko]

Nom sg: ɛnk-óíleélīō. Acc pl: ɨnk-oileelioní.

Nom pl: ɨnk-óíleelioní. n. Dew.

Ɛɨtáshálá ɛnkóíleélíó ɨnkʉ́j ́t

Dew has made the grass watery (wet). At dawn cows are taken to feed on grass when it is still watery. This is mainly done in the wet season.

ɔl-ɔɨlɛ́lɛɛ̂

Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́

́lɛ́lɛɛ̂. Acc pl: ɨl-ɔɨlɛ́lɛk. Nom pl: ɨl-ɔ́ ́lɛlɛk. [West] Acc sg: ɔl-ɔɨlɛ́lɛɛ. Variant: ɔl-ɔ́ ́lɛ́lɛ̄ɛ ̄ before full stop; ɔl-ɔ́ ́lɛ́lɛɛ́ nonphrase final (W). [North] Acc sg: l-ailéleê. n. Usage: four-legged animal. The lower part of an animal leg, between hoof or foot and first joint; first part of animal that normally emerges during birth; foreleg. Mɛ́ɛ sídáí ɔlɔ́ ́lɛ́lɛɛ́ lɛ́ nk ́tɛ́ŋ. [ɱɛ́ɛ sídáí ɔ̀lɔ́ɪ ́lɛ́lɛ̀ɛ ́ lɛ́ŋkɪ ̀tɛŋ] The foreleg of the cow is not good. (W). See: ol-oisónkorói ‘Hoof’; l-wuatán lɛ́ nkɛjʉ́ [North] ‘Lower part of the leg’; l-ailéleê [North] ‘Foreleg’.

enk-óíléló

Nom sg: enk-oileló. Acc pl: ink-óílelo. Nom pl: in-óílélo. n.

Oval bead, about 3 mm. long. Ádɔ́l ́ta ɛndá óíléó. I see that oval bead. (W).

l-oilɛmɨlɛm ́ [North]

́lɛm. n. [North] Spoken "noise". See: n-kɨlɛ́m ́lɛm [Chamus] ‘Noise’; l-ɔlɛmɨlɛm ́ [North] ‘Riot, quarrelling’; o-róréí ‘Word, noise’; ol-buaá; olodoo; ɔl-ɔlɛpɨlɛp ́ ‘Noise’.

l-ɔɨlɛ́pua [North]

[Chamus] Acc sg: kɨlɛ́m

́lɛua. n. [North] An elders' dance. See: l-ódo [North] ‘Elders' dance’.

l-oiliâî [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́

n. [North]

Wild species of euphobia, found in northern Kenya. This plant excretes a poisonous milky sap, and is commonly used for hedges.

l-ɔ́ ́l ́ɛ́pɔ́ [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ɔɨlɨɛpɔ́. [North] Acc pl: l-ɔɨlɛ́pɔn,

lɔɨlɛ́pɔ̂n. [North] Nom pl: l-ɔ́ ́lɛpɔn. n. [North] Bird of prey. Probably harrier hawk.

enk-oilií

Nom sg: enk-óílií. Acc pl: ink-oiliîn. Nom pl: ink-óíliîn. n.

ɔl-ɔɨl ́lâî

Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́

Gazelle. Ɛg ́ra enkóílií apɛrá tanáktá. The gazelle is pronking right now. (PK). For km, enkóílií could be either Grant's or Thompson's gazelle. ́lɨlâ .̂ Acc pl: ɨl-ɔɨl ́lā. Nom pl: ɨl-ɔ́ ́lɨlá. n. Shoulder.

See: o-rôny ‘Shoulder’.

ol-óílólé

Nom sg: ol-oilólé. n. 1 • Bustle.

2 • Business.

l-óímúgí [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-oimugí. [North] Acc pl: l-óímug.

[North] Nom pl: l-óímûg. n. [North]

L-ɔɨmʉsí [North]

Large tree sp.

[North] Nom pl: L-ɔ́

the white cattle moiety.

Newtonia hildebrandtii.

́mʉsí. n.prop. [North] Phratry in

ɔl-ɔinyaŋ ́ n. Market. See: ɔl-mʉnánda ‘Marketplace’. ol-oiŋáŋɛ Nom sg: ol-óíŋaŋɛ. n.sg. Sky; heaven (lit: the empty space). Mɛ́shâ amʉ̂ metíī ɨnkátampo oloiŋáŋɛ. It will not rain because the clouds are not in the sky.

ol-oiŋaránɛ

who is stranded. 2 • An isolated place. See: a-ɨŋaraná ‘To be stranded’.

ɔl-ɔɨŋɔ́nɨ

n. 1 • Person

See: a-ɨŋáŋ ‘To

feint’.

[Sometimes pronounced with two moras on first stem syllable.] Nom sg: ɔl-

ɔ́ ́ŋɔ́n .́ Acc pl: ɨl-ɔɨŋɔ́k. Nom pl: ɨl-ɔɨŋɔ́k. [West] Acc pl: ɨl-oiŋkók. [North] Acc sg: l-aɨŋɔ́nɨ. [Chamus] Acc sg: aiŋóni. n. 1 • Bull. Ɛɛ́tā ɔlɔ́ ́ŋɔ́n ́

ɨmɔ́wúárák sapúkī. The bull has big horns. Ɛt́ ʉ́pʉ́shá ɛlɛ́ ɔ́ ́ŋɔ́n ́; ɛg ́ra aitiamak ́ inkíshú. This bull has been rutting; it is mounting on cows. (Pk). Nɛ́mɨr

ɨlɔ lɨká ̄ ɔɨŋɔ́nɨ bási nélótú aɨtɔrɛ́ inkíshú. He (a bull) chased that other bull, then he came to rule the cows. (W). See: il-móŋí ‘Oxen’; ɔl-k ́tɛ́ŋ ‘Ox’. 2 • Powerful person. See: ɛnk-óíŋónó ‘Powerfulness; being bulllike’.

3 • [North] 4 • Charm.

Deceased warrior. See: ɛ-masáɨtâ ‘Dead man’.

ɛnk-ɔɨŋɔ́nɨ Bullock. l-ɔɨŋɔ́nɨ lɛ́ nkárɛ́ [North]

́ŋɔ́n ́ lɛ́ nkáré. n. [North] Leading edge of flowing water. See: ɛnk-árɛ́ ‘Water’; ɛn-dʉkʉ́ya ɛ́ nkárɛ́ ‘Leading front of flowing water’.

ɛnk-óíŋónó

Nom sg: l-ɔ́

n. 1 • Powerfulness;

2 • Constructiveness,

quality of being bull-like.

rationality. Níákú órē ɨnkɛ́rā ɔɔ́

lMáásâ ̂, eymáá ɨmbáā kúmōk énkishón; iné mármálīshō ɔ́ nɛ́ nkoiŋono. So Maasai children, do pass through many things in their lives, both careless and constructive (or rational). See: ol-oiŋóni ‘Bull’.

ol-óip

Nom sg: ol-óîp. Variant: ol-óíp. [three moras [òlóíp]] Acc pl: ɨl-oípī. Nom

shade. Epéríto ɔlákúíyia lâî tɔ lóíp. My grandfather is sleeping under the shade. (W). Note: Usually old men will have their special big tree with enough shade. 2 • Politeness. 3 • [North] The etiquette of the elders' meeting. Usage: figurative. Said because these meetings take place in the shade of a large tree. 4 • [North] A ghost. 5 • Image (eg. of a person on a coin). pl: ɨl-óipí. n. 1 • Shadow,

a-rɔ́k oípi v.phrase. To be ungrateful (lit: to be black the shade). ɔl-ɔɨpaŋ ́ Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́ ́paŋ .́ Acc pl: ɨl-ɔɔ́ ́paŋɨ. Nom pl: ɨl-ɔ́ɔɨpaŋɨ. [North] Acc pl: l-ɔɨpaŋ

̂n. n. Uphill slope, rise. See: ɛnk-ɔ́shɔkɛ ‘Hill side’; aɨpáŋ ‘To exit’. Ant: l-oitúto [North] ‘Downhill slope’.

ɛnk-ɔ́ ́p ́láí

Nom sg: ɛnk-ɔɨpɨláí. Acc pl: ɨnk-ɔɨpɨlaní. Nom pl: ɨnk-

ɔ́ ́pɨlaní. n.pl. Ornament of beads sewn in thin threads and coiled together in groups of four, worn by warriors across their bodies, hanging from one shoulder to the hip on the other side of the body. See: a-ɨp ́l ‘To twist’; en-kerî ‘Beads ornament’.

l-ɔɨp ́rrɨ [North]

́pɨrrɨ. n. [North] Dance performed by warriors after battle and at the l-mʉ́gɛt ceremony.

l-oipúpôî [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́

[North] Nom sg: l-oípupôî. [North] Acc pl: l-óípúpo.

[North] Nom pl: l-óípupo. n. [North]

[North] ‘Tse-tse fly’.

Tse-tse fly sp.

See: l-opúpo

sanampûr [North] [North] Tse-tse fly. ol-óíríén Nom sg: ol-oiríén. Acc pl: il-óíríénito. Nom pl: il-oiríénito. n. 1 • Olive

tree; the wood resembles that of ebony; found in the Olóíríén region. 2 • Highly vegetated and rocky region located in southeastern Maasailand, historically occupied by the Il-Kaputiei section but also used for grazing by the Il-Kisonko, Il-Matapato, and IlKankere, particularly during periods of drought. In 1995 this region was named the "Makueni division" by the Kenyan government. See: l-ŋérríyíóí [North] ‘Olive tree’.

ɔl-ɔɨrírūā

Acc pl: il-oiriruaní. Nom pl: il-óíriruaní. [West] Acc sg: ol-

óírirúá. n. 1 • Devil (just one single one).

spirit; jin. Ɛɨbʉ́ŋá Jôn olóírirúá, nérīkī enetíī ɔlá ́tɔ́b ́rání peê epúéí áaɨtɔbɨr. Jon became mad (crazy); then he was taken to the healer so that he could be healed. (W). Ɛɨbʉ́ŋa ɨnkɛ́ra ilóíriruaní. The children became mad. (W). Kɛ́ɛt́ a oloirírūā. He has an evil spirit (he is possessed). He has gone mad (insane). This is not a traditional Maasai concept for referring to a single entity, and does not denote the same referent as ɛsɛtán 'satan'. However, it is an evil influence. An individual always has a singular ɔl-ɔɨrírūā. Some Maasai believe that when s.o. is "mad", there is an evil spirit. Others say that one who behaves psychotically might or might not have ɔl-ɔɨrírūā. See: ɔl-mɛ́nɛ́ŋaní ‘Ghost, spirit’; mɨl ́ka ‘Ghost’. 2 • Evil

ɔl-ɔɨrɔ́bɨ

Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́

́rɔbɨ. n.sg. Common cold. ɔl-k ́rɔ́b ̂ ‘Common cold’.

See: a-ɨrɔb

́ ‘To be cold’;

l-ɔɨrɔjʉ́rɔj [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́

́rɔjʉ́rɔj. [North] Acc pl: lɔɨrɔjʉrɔj .́ [North] Nom pl: l-ɔ́ ́rɔjʉrɔj .́ n. [North] Grey-headed sparrow. Passer griseus.

l-oirú n-kɨwúán [North] males.

enk-oirujúrujî

n.phrase. [North]

Dance performed by

Nom sg: enk-óírújúrujî. Acc pl: ink-oirujurujiní. Nom

pl: ink-óírujurujiní. [West] Acc sg: enk-oirujúruj. n. 1 • Drizzles. 2 • Short

rains. See: nk-atipítipî ‘Drizzles’.

ɔl-ɔɨrʉjʉ́rrʉj n. Short rains; drizzle? ɔl-ɔɨrrág lɛ nkarɛ Nom sg: ɔlɔ́ ́rrâg lɛ́ nkárɛ́. n. Flood (lit: the one that lies down of the water). Ɛg ́ra ɔlɔ́ ́rrâg lɛ́ nkárɛ́ amitikí ɨltʉ́ŋáná ɛ ́m enkuséro. The floods are

preventing people from passing the plains. (Pk). See: a-ɨrrág ‘To lie down’; ɛnk-érɛ́ ‘Water, river’.

ol-oirrírri

n. Lizard. See: ɔl-mɔkúa; ɛm-pʉ̂rr ‘Lizard’; n-karipô

[North] ‘Lizard’; l-mɛlɛlɛ [Chamus] ‘Lizard’.

l-óísapa [North]

Variant: l-oisápa. n.pl. [North]

l-óísíácí [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-oisiací. n. [North]

Big Dipper constellation; Ursa major (lit: the seven). See: ɔl-ák ́rá ‘Star’; enkókúáí ‘The Pleiades’. root is edible.

Ipomoea longituba.

Plant sp. whose

ol-oisónkorôî

Nom sg: ol-óísónkoróī. Acc pl: il-oisónkoró. Nom pl: il-

óísónkoró. n. Hoof. oloisónkorôî lɛ́ mbártá the hoof of a horse. oloisónkorôî lɛ́ nk ́tɛ́ŋ hoof of a cow.

enk-oisónkorôî

Usage: contemptuous. Small

oisótoô ‘Fingernail’.

ol-oisótoô

hoof.

See: ol-

Nom sg: ol-óísótoô. Acc pl: ɨl-oisótok. Nom pl: ɨl-óísotok.

[North] Acc sg: l-aisótok. [North] Acc sg: ais'ótoô. n. Hard

material which grows at the ends of digits (fingers, toes), or for an animal on the end of the leg; claw, nail, hoof. Étúdúŋó ŋɔtɔnyɛ́ ɛnkɛráí iloisótok. The mother has trimmed the child's fingernails. Óre pɔɔk ́ kimojíno nɛ́ɛta oloisótoô. Every finger/toe has a nail. (Pk).

enk-oisótoô

Usage: (contemptuous). Small

oisónkorôî ‘Hoof’.

ɔl-ɔɔsʉ́ ́sʉɨ

fingernail.

See: ol-

[North] Acc sg: l-oisúisúi. [North] Acc sg: sʉ́súi. [Chamus] Acc

sg: asʉ́ʉsʉɨ. n. Soldier-ant,

black ant.

See: l-pʉrá ‘Red

ant’.

oisuki n. Type of plant, found in the Olóíríén region. l-oisúsûî [North] [North] Acc pl: l-oisúsu. [North] Nom pl: l-óísusu. n. [North] Flea.

See: ɨl-p

́dɨlá ‘Fleas’.

l-ɔɨshámunói [North] n. [North] Sincere love. Kɛ́áta lɔɨshámunói. He/she is lovable. (S). See: a-shám ‘To love’; anyɔ́rr ‘To love’; ɛ-nyɔ́rrátá ‘Love’.

ɔl-ɔɨshɨm ́

Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́

́shɨm .́ Acc pl: ɨl-ɔɔ́ ́shɨmɨ. Nom pl: ɨl-ɔ́ɔɨshɨmɨ. [North] Acc sg: l-aɨshɨm .́ n. 1 • [North] Part of the hip-bone; [West] Part of a bone (eg. hip bone) that, when cooked, is chewable.

Kétīī ɔlɔɨshɨm ́ entolít nányɔr ɨnkáyiok áatanyaal.

In the hip-bone there is marrow that boys like to chew. See: ɔlaɨshɨm ́ ‘Bone part’. 2 • [West] Sugarcane. 3 • [West] Type(s) of tree with leaves or young branches that people chew and chew.

4 • [North]

Tree whose stem is used to make containers, eg. gourds for milk.

ɔl-ɔɨshɔ́rʉ ɛnkárná ólpórrôr ɔ́lají

n. The

one who gives out the name to the rest of the age group. This individual always comes from the Kisongo in Tanzania. He is selected and travels to all other areas of Maasai land to announce the name, after the last unification ceremony for the age set [half-age set?].

ol-oishúnyie n.r. Deceased person; one who has passed away. ol-Óítáí Nom sg: ol-oitaí. Acc pl: il-óítai. Nom pl: il-óítái. n.prop. Member of the Loita Maasai. The il-óítai are one of the il-oshôn 'sections' of the Maasai in Kenya.

enk-Óítáí Woman from il-óítai section. il-Óítai li óŋátá n.prop. Loita Maasai of the plain. il-Óítai lo supuko n.prop. Loita Maasai of the highland. nk-óítéí [North] Variant: nk-óítíéí. [North] Nom sg: nk-oitéí, nk-oitíéí. [North] Acc pl: nk-óíteí. [North] Nom pl: nk-óíteî. n. [North]

trail.

ol-óítíkó

See: enk-óítóí ‘Path’.

Path, way,

Variant: l-óítúkó. Nom sg: ol-oitikó. Acc pl: il-oitíkōīshī.

Variant: il-oitíkoishî. Nom pl: il-óítikoishí. [North] Acc pl: l-óítíkōcī,

loitíkōīshī. Variant: l-óítúkōcī; l-óítikocí. n. Zebra (lit: that which nauseates). The meat of the zebra is oily and may have a nauseating effect. In S this refers to Burchell's zebra (equus burchelli). equus burchelli, Equus grevyi. iloitíkōīshī ɔááre two zebras (W). Ayíéú

iloitíkōīshī ɛatá ̄ isirkôn? Do I want

zebras while there are donkeys?

Nérukúnyie aké ilóítikoishí Zebras just came out.

See: l-

ɔ́ ́bɔ́rr-kʉ́rʉm [North] ‘Grevy's zebra’; ɔl-kánká ‘Type of zebra’.

nk-óítíkó Female zebra. nk-óítiŋ [North] [North] Nom sg: nk-óítîŋ. [North] Acc pl: nk-óítiŋí. [North] Nom pl: nk-óitiŋí. n. n. 2 • n. [North]

"Gourd" made of wood for milking. 2 • n. [North] Medium-sized calabash with a leather lid, used for milking cows; about 26 cm. by 15 cm. in size.

enk-óítóí

Nom sg: enk-oitóí. Acc pl: ɨnk-óítoí. Nom pl: ɨnk-óítoí. [North] Acc

sg: n-koitiei,

nk-oitéí. [North] Acc sg: kóítéí. [North] Acc sg: en-koitóí. n. 1 • Path, road, way.

Máapé elótótó (safari) enkóítóí, népúó aké, népúó aké, népúó aké,.... Let's go for a journey, path, they went, they went, they went,....

́ Ɨmbʉŋá ɛnâ óítóí amʉ̂ nɨnyɛ́ nékírík enetií ilótorok. Follow this path because it leads you to where the bees are. (W). See: orrékíé ‘Path’; ɔl-bár ́bára; ɔl-gûɛ̂ [West]; mʉnyɔrɔ́rɔ ‘Road’.

way. Óre taá amʉ̂ ɛ́kɨp ́k embénéyíó enkóítóí. Because we are going to put a leaf on the route [ie. ́ so you will be able to follow us]. Ɨɨmʉ́ ɨnâ óítóí, n ́m ́ ́mʉ ɛndâ óítóí, amʉ̂ mmɛ̂ ɨna óítóí k ́ɨ ́m. You pass that way, and you do not pass that (other way), because we are not going to pass that way. 2 • Route,

or way of achieving sth. Ká ́ŋɔ́rʉ enkóítóí nátúmíé iropiyianí. I will look for a way to get the money. 3 • Means

4 • Manner.

stay.

enkóítóí náwúon ɨltʉŋana the way people

en-kóítóí ɛ́ nkɛ́ráí Cervix, birth canal. oitoríóri adj. Truthful. ɔltʉŋáni oitoríóri person who tells the truth, speaks straight. See: aɨs ́pani ‘Truthful’; a-dʉ́pa ‘To be reliable’.

l-oitúto [North] Ant: ɔl-ɔɨpaŋ

ol-oitútuo ol-óíyiote

[North] Nom sg: l-óítuto. n. [North]

́ [North] ‘Uphill slope’.

Downhill slope.

[North] Acc sg: l-ɔɨtʉ́tɔ. n. Down-hill.

tooth (teeth) to errupt, at about age 18; wisdom tooth. This erruption is very painful. See: l-ɔ́yɨɛtɛ [North] ‘Wisdom tooth’.

ol-óītō

n. Last

Nom sg: ol-oitó. Acc pl: il-óík. Nom pl: il-óîk. [Purko] Acc sg: ol-óito.

[West] Acc pl: il-óik. [North] Acc pl: l-óīk. [North] Nom pl: l-óîk. n. Bone.

Kɛ́nyɔ́r oldía ainɔ́sa ilóík oótoitô. A dog likes eating dry bones. Etútúró ́ná kítok ɛnkʉ́rárɛ aitayú ilóik peê eya aló asakutushoré. That woman has dug the grave to remove the bones to use them to do witchcraft. (W).

enk-óītō

1 • Small

bone. 2 • Emaciated cow; worthless cow. Usage: contemptuous. 3 • [North] Testicle.

l-óik lɛ́ nkóríóŋ [North] Backbone, bones of the back. a-ój v. 1 • [South] To rub. 2 • To

ojé

scratch (an itch). See: a-jút; a-s ́k ‘To rub’; a-mún ‘To scratch’.

one (masc). Tenémetíī ɔsɨratá ló ltóíló ojé... If there is no mark of a certain sound (tone)... Kélotú ɔltʉ́ŋání ójé aɨtajéú apá tɛ moitíé. A certain person is coming to save them forever. (KS). See: a-jɛ́ [North] ‘To be a certain one’.

Nom sg: ójé. Acc pl: oójē. adj. Certain

najé

Acc pl: naájē

?. Nom pl: Certain ones (fem). Certain (fem). entítō najé a certain girl. intóyíé naájē Certain girls.

e-ojét

Nom sg: e-ójēt. Acc pl: i-ojéta. Nom pl: i-ójeta. n. 1 • Comb.

2 • Scratcher. See: a-ój ‘scratch’.

l-ɔjɛ́ta [North]

n. [North]

Corner, bend. corner no a house, road, etc.’.

See: a-lɔ́j ‘To

create a

ojî n. The one who is named, known as (something). See: a-jó ‘To say’. ɔl-ɔjɔŋáni Variant: ɔl-ajaŋáni. Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́jɔ́ŋání. Acc pl: ɨl-ɔjɔŋá(k). Nom pl: ɨl-ɔ́jɔŋa(k). [West] Acc sg: ɔl-ɔjɔŋɔni. [Chamus] Acc sg: l-ɔjɔŋɔ́ni. n.

Housefly. For some speakers, the masculine form may also cover 'mosquito, malaria', and (in the plural) 'midges, gnats'. For other speakers, the feminine form is specialized for 'mosquito, malaria'. See: ɛnk-ɔjɔŋáni ‘Mosquito, malaria’; l-ajɨŋáni [North].

ɛnk-ɔjɔŋáni

Nom sg: ɛnk-ɔ́jɔ́ŋání. Acc pl: ɨnk-ɔjɔŋá(k). Nom pl: ɨnk-

ɔ́jɔŋa(k). [Purko] Nom sg: ɛnk-ɔ́jɔŋáni. 1 • Mosquito. ɔjɔŋáni ‘Housefly’; l-ajɨŋáni [North] ‘Housefly’. 2 • Malaria.

e-ójótó a-ók

See: ɔl-

[North] Nom sg: ojotó. [North] Acc pl: ojót. [North] Nom pl: ojót. n.

Scratch, scratching, bruise.

drink (liquid). Éók ɨnkɛ́rá kʉlɛ́ Children drink milk. Kéók ɛntasât ɛnkárɛ́. The woman will drink the water. (Pk). Áyīēū náōk kʉlɛ́. I want to drink milk. Íyīēū níōk kʉlɛ́. You want to drink milk. Eyíéú néok kʉlɛ́. He wants to drink milk. Kíiyíéú níkiok kʉlɛ́. We want to drink milk. Áaɨshɔɔ́ náají ɔlashʉmpáí ɛntarubíni ɛnyɛ́ maɨŋórie ɨltɔmíá oóokito ɛnkárɛ́. The European gave me his binoculars to observe elephants drinking water. Ɨncɔɔ́kɨ ɛndâ kɨlási matoókie ɛnkárɛ́. Give me that glass that I may drink water with it. Olkékún lâŋ táatá peê eokishó inkíshu olinyî táaisére. It is our turn today for our cows to drink (water) and tomorrow is yours. Inkó tóoko kʉlɔ̂ keék peê íncīū. Take these medicines and drink so that you can heal. (lit: Take drink these trees so that you heal/get well.). v.prog. 1 • To

Tóoko! Drink it! 2 • [North]

To water (plants, cattle, people).

smoke (pipe, cigarette). aók osigára/olmotí to smoke a cigarette/pipe. Ɛ́ ́d ́pá aké ilMáʉwan ́ áatook kʉlɛ́. The il-Mauwani have just finished the taking-of-milk ceremony. (lit: The il-Mauwani have just finished drinking milk.). 3 • To

a-ók kʉlɛ́

minor ceremony following the eúnótó celebration, after which a man is free to marry (lit: To drink milk). Kéló ɔlmʉrraní aók kʉlɛ́ tɛnɛ́ ́dɨpáyu eunotó. A warrior will go to drink milk after the Eunoto ceremony.

a-okoó

v.phrase. A

v.dir. 1 • To

keep on drinking, e.g one liquid after another. 2 • To drink as s.o. is moving away.

a-okokí v.dat. To draw for s.o./into sth. a-okú v.dir. 1 • To draw liquid (from the ground). Kéokú ɛntásât ɛnkárɛ́. The woman will draw water. Etoókūō ɛntásât ɛnkárɛ́. The woman drew the water. Káítóōkū ɛntásat ɛnkárɛ́. I will make the woman draw the water. 2 • To

-ok

drink as s.o. is coming. See: e-ókótó ‘The drinking’; amát ‘To drink’.

nmlz. Plural

number suffix in agent nominalizations for Advanced Tongue Root stems; variant of -ak.

ol-okelél

ring. ́lɔ̂ okelél i) that circle; ii) that steering wheel. See: ol-ekelél ‘Circle, ring’. n. Circle,

ol-okérdiŋáí

may be the "wait-a-bit" plant.Very painful thorns used for fencing of a kraal.

ɔl-ɔkɛr ́

n. This

Nom sg: ɔl-ɔkɛ́rí. Acc pl: ɨl-ɔɔ́kɛrɨ. Nom pl: ɨl-ɔ́ɔkɛrɨ. [North] Acc

sg: ɔkɛrɛ́. [Chamus] Acc sg: ɛkɛr .́ n. 1 • Personal

restricted land. 2 • Grazing field set apart for small or sick calves, or as a reserve for dry season grazing; pasturage, paddock. Mol (1996:304) notes this is usually a small area, fenced off with thorn-bushes near an ɛnk-áŋ 'homestead'. See: ɛn-kɔ́p ‘Land, field’; pága ‘Communal

restricted land’; ɔl-ál ́l ́ ‘Grazing field set apart for calves; pasturage’.

ɔl-ɔ́kɛ́sɛ́na

Variant: ɔl-ɔ́kɛ́sána. Nom sg: ɔl-ɔkɛsɛ́nā. Acc pl: ɨl-ɔkɛsɛnaní.

Nom pl: ɨl-ɔ́kɛsɛnaní. [North] Acc sg: l-ɔ́gɛ́sɛ̄na. n. Traditional

lower garment made of sheep leather, fastened with a leather belt; sarong, skirt, loincloth. Errotíán inkítūāāk ɨlɔkɛsɛnaní. Women put on skirts that are blue in color. See: ɛnkílâ ‘Clothing’; a-kɛsɛ́n ‘To tie on a sarong’; n-capukúrr [North] ‘Skin-skirt’; a-rrotíán ‘To (en)girdle’.

ɔl-ɔkɛ́t

Acc pl: ɨl-ɔkɛ́ta. [North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́kɛt. [North] Acc pl: l-ɔkɛ́ta. [North] Nom

pl: l-ɔ́kɛta. n. 1 • Drinking

-oki

utensil; cup, bowl, glass. 2 • [North] Wooden bucket, traditionally used to fill watering troughs. 3 • [North] Bucket (of any sort). In some suffixed forms: -okin. appl. Dative

applicative suffix with range of meanings covering benefactive and goal; for, to. See: akɨ ‘Dative applicative’.

okicí [North]

[North] Nom sg: ókicí. [North] Acc pl: okicóno. [North] Nom

pl: ókicóno. adj. [North]

a-okicionú [North] See: okicí

Orphaned.

v.incep. [North]

[North] ‘Orphaned’.

nk-ókídóŋít [North]

To become orphaned.

[North] Nom sg: nk-okidoŋít. [North] Acc pl: nk-

ɔ́kɨdɔŋ. [North] Nom pl: nk-ɔ́k ́dɔŋ. n. 1 • [North] Tall tree sp. ellenbeckiana.

2 • [North]

ol-okídoŋôî

Dracaena

Calabash for general use in the homestead.

Nom sg: ol-ókídóŋôî. Acc pl: il-okídoŋó. Nom pl: il-

ókídoŋó. [Chamus] Acc sg: okúdoŋói. [North] Acc sg: l-okúdoŋôî. n. 1 • Mud formed from rain and old cow dung; common in the wet season, found in animal pens and kraals. 2 • Mud. See: ɛ-sarŋáb ‘Mud’; o-sordó ‘Silt’; m-parpár [North] ‘Mud’; in-kíík ‘Dung’.

ol-ókírráí

n. Rainbow. Syn: siomô

‘Rainbow’. See: l-akɨrr-áí

[North] ‘Jupiter’.

okishí adj. Motherless child. ɔl-ɔ́kɨtɛŋ Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́k ́tɛŋ. n. Male warthog. Syn: ol-bítír ‘Warthog’. a-okó [North] v.mid. [North] To sing about one's exploits. l-okódodôî [North] [North] Nom sg: l-ókododôî. [North] Acc pl: lokódoó. [North] Nom pl: l-ókudodó. n. [North] Tailbone.

a-okokí v. To draw for, draw into. l-ókónkórr [North] [North] Nom sg: l-okonkórr. n. [North] Crawling insect (sp.).

l-ɔ́kɔp [North]

n. [North]

Murder of another Samburu person. See: ɨl-ɔ́ ́kɔp ‘Murder’; e-ŋókí ‘Sin’.

L-ɔ́kɔ́paní [North]

[North] Nom sg: L-ɔkɔ́paní. [North] Acc pl: L-ɔ́kɔp.

[North] Nom pl: L-ɔ́kɔ̂p. n.prop. 1 • [North]

Samburu person.

Usage: sg.

Samburu tribe, Samburu people. Usage: pl. nkʉ́tʉ́k ɛɛ Lɔ́kɔp the Samburu language. 2 • [North] 3 • [North]

Samburu culture, tradition. Usage: pl.

enk-okórde n. 1 • Side. Néūr enkokórde ɛ́kʉ́tʉ́k ají aréú atúa. He broke one of the sides of the door, pushing it inside. 2 • Side

are.

of the house where rooms for baby goats, lambs, calves

l-ókóré [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-okoré. [North] Acc pl: l-okória. [North]

Nom pl: l-ókoríá. n. [North]

l-ókórkór [North]

Tree (sp.).

Obetia pinnatifida.

[North] Nom sg: l-okorkór. n. [North]

Wooden bell for small stock, made from the l-áwáí or l-áyámáí tree. See: lódóŋdóŋ ‘Wooden bell’.

l-okororómi [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ókororómi. [North] Acc pl: l-

okororóm. n. [North] Flap of skin in the ear guarding the entrance to the ear canal; tragus.

l-ɔkɔrrʉ́nɨ [North] [North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́kʉrrʉ́nɨ. n. [North] Slipknot. e-ókótó ɛ-kʉ́lɛ n. Milk ceremony.

ɛ-ókótó ɛnk-árɛ́ pʉ̂s

n. Drinking

of milky-water. This, along with bathing, cleanses one who has carried a corpse.

a-okú1 In some suffixed forms: -okun. v.dir. To draw water. Ɛshɔmɔ́ intóyíê áaoku ɛnkárɛ́ tɔ lcɔ́rrɔ̂. The girls have gone to get water from a well. (Pk). Kéokúnī ɛnkárɛ́. The water will be drawn. (Pk). Ɛshɔmɔ́ enkítok aokunyíé oltóo ɛnkárɛ́ tɔɔrkɛ́jʉ. The woman went to fetch water with a barrel at the river. (Pk). See: a-ók ‘To drink’.

a-okú2 v.incep. To ripen. See: a-kú ‘To ripen’; e-ó ‘(To) be ripe’. ol-ókúáí2 Acc pl: il-ókua. n. Tree or bush sp. nk-ókúáí [North]1 [North] Nom sg: nk-okúáí. n. [North] Short rainy

period in June coinciding with the appearance of the Pleiades. See: nk-ákua [North] ‘Pleiades’.

l-ɔkʉcʉ́m [North] [North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́kʉkʉ́m. n. [North] Anthrax. l-okudoŋít [North] n. [North] Highland tree sp., whose wood may be used to make an elder's calabash (seénderí).

l-okúdoŋôî [North]

Muddy wet dung on the ground, which develops during the rainy season. See: ol-okídoŋôî ‘Muddy wet dung’.

l-okulí [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ókudoŋôî. n. [North]

Meat mixed with fat for storage. See: l-akulí [North] ‘Meat mixed with fat’.

okúni

[North] Acc pl: l-okulîn. n. [North]

(masculine). ɨlapaitín okúni three months. Ɛshɔmɔ́ pɔ́kʉ́ra ókūnī. All three (of them) have gone. (SN). See: uní ‘Three (fem)’. Nom pl: ókūnī. num. Three

ɔl-ɔkúrto ɔ́ŋʉ

word to refer to a person who uses only one eye after the other one has been damaged or removed (lit: the one who is gouged-eye). See: a-kúrt ‘To scoop, gouge out’; kɔ́-bɔ́ ́ta ɔ́ŋʉ ‘One-eyed person’.

ókúrúóí

n. Polite

color. ɛntɛ́r ́t ókúrúóí Ashwhite dust. inkúrúon okúrúon Ash-white ashes. See: enAcc pl: ókúrúon. n. Ash-white

ɔl-

kúrúóní ‘Ash’.

Variant: ol-; ɔr-. gen. Masculine

singular gender prefix on nouns. ɔlpayíán elder. ɔrpááshé fence (Pk). Ɔlɛ́nk ̄tɛ̄ŋ ɛlɛ̂ kɛ́ɛnɛ. This big leather strap belongs to the cow. Ɛshɔmɔ́ enkítok aokunyíé oltóo ɛnkárɛ́ tɔrkɛ́jʉ. The woman went to fetch water with a barrel at the river. (Pk). orreshét trap. ɔlaŋɛ́t bridge. ɔɛnɛ́t knot. Ɛtámúíyíá ŋolé oloshî á ́tɛ́rrání lɛ́ sɔkɔ́ni nɛ́ ́tɛrrɛ isáaí aré. The usual market fainter (ie. person who always faints in the market) because sick yesterday and fainted for two hours. (W).

ol-olá

Nom sg: ol-ólā. Acc pl: il-olân. Nom pl: il-ólan. [Purko] Acc pl: íl-ólân. n.

1 • Thing

to be carried or transported (may include milk in containers, but not water); basket-full, package, baggage, luggage. Táretokokí ɛnkɛ́ráí ololá. Help the child with the baggage. Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aɨtʉ́ ilolân to síkíria. The woman is unloading the donkey. responsibility. Ɛt́ áá ɛná áji ololá aitúku ánaa aké. This house has become a burden, to clean it every day. Kááta ololá sápʉk lɔlmárēī lâŋ. I have a big burden for my family (the pressure of needing to provide for them; the aspiration to work hard to improve their living standards, achieve a particular goal, etc.). 2 • Burden,

ɛnk-olá Small package; small burden. ɛnk-ɔ́lat Nom sg: ɛnk-ɔ́lât. Acc pl: ɨnk-ɔ́latí. Nom pl: ɨnk-ɔ́latí. [North] Acc

sg: nk-ólat. [North] Nom sg: nk-ólât. [North] Acc pl: nk-ólati. [North] Nom pl: nk-óláti. n. 1 • Needs,

ɔ́lɛ̂

requirements. 2 • [North] Big job; big problem.

Nom sg: ɔlɛ́. Acc pl:

́lɛ̂. Nom pl: ɨlɛ̂. psr.prt. 1 • Title preceding the name of a (male) junior elder or elder; indicates 'son of' (lit: 'he of'). belonging to a masculine possessor; of. entítō ɔ́lɛ Ronkei daughter of Ronkei. Ɔ́lɛ̂ ŋá ́ ɛlɛ́ k ́tɛŋ. [ɔ̀lɛ̀ ŋá ́] 2 • One

Who's bull is this? Ɔ́lɛ̂ Kɛ́swɛ̂ ɛlɛ́ ɔ́ ́ŋɔ́n ́. [ɔ̀lɛ̀ kɛ̀swɛ̀ ɛ̀lɛ́ ɔ̀ɪ ̀ŋɔ̀nɪ ̀] This bull belongs to Keswe. (Pk). Ɔlɔ́lk ̄tɛ̄ŋ ɛlɛ́ tualá. This bell belongs to the ox. ɔlayíóni ɔ́ ɔ́lɛ Ronkei [ɔ̀làyyóni ɔ́lɛ ɾòŋkèy] the boy and Ole-Ronkei. See: ɛ́nɛ̂ ‘Of a feminine referent’.

ɔlɛ kʉ́lɛ

Nom sg: ɔlɛ́ kʉlɛ́. Acc pl: ɨlɔɔ́

1 • Type

lɛ kʉ́lɛ. Nom pl: ɨlɔ́ɔ lɛ kʉ́lɛ. n.

of edible roots. 2 • Throat. See: ol-gisóyiaî ‘Type of edible root’; ɔl-cakʉ́lɛt ‘White milky tuber’.

ɔ́lɛ́ɛ ́ Masculine question word. cƆ́lɛ́ɛ ́ káyíólo sá ínê? I know that?

l-ɔlɛmɨlɛm ́ [North] olêŋ

[North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́lɛmɨlɛm .́ n. [North]

Riot, unrest, qarreling. See: a-ɨlɛmɨlɛ́m [North] ‘Noisy talking’; loilɛmɨlɛm ́ [North] ‘Spoken "noise"’.

well, much. Nɛ́ ́kɨr ́k ́rá enkɔ́p olêŋ o mɛtáā kéjó enkájī áúrōrī. The earth shook very much until the house is about to fall. Óre ɛlɛ̂ mʉ́rrāni, náa kɛ́p ̄ apá olêŋ. Now this warrior was very brave. Tɛ́rɛk ́ dɛ ́ lɔmɔ́n metíniŋo olêŋ. Stress/emphasize the words so that she may hear well. (SN). adv. 1 • Very,

2 • Generous.

Ɛg ́rá ́ áaipusie ɔlmʉ́rráni olêŋ ɛnká ́ná.

The generous warrior is having his hand made blue by twisting blue beads on it. (Pk). See: naléŋ ‘Very’.

ɔl-ɔlɛpɨlɛp ́

Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́lɛpɨlɛp .́ Acc pl: ɨl-ɔɔ́lɛpɨlɛpɨ. Nom pl: ɨl-

ɔ́ɔlɛpɨlɛpɨ. n. Noise. See: ol-odoo; o-róréí ‘Noise’; l-buaá; loilɛmɨlɛm ́ [North] ‘Noise’.

ɔl-ɔlɛpɨlɛp ́ Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́lɛpɨlɛp .́ n.sg. Shouting. Éítorrónô ɔlɔ́lɛpɨlɛp ́ etiíki entúmo Shouting is bad when people are in a meeting. See: o-róréí ‘Word’; ol-odoo ‘Noise’; l-oilɛmɨlɛm ́ [North] ‘Noise’; l-buaá [North] ‘Noise’; a-ɨlɛpɨlɛ́p ‘To shout’; aŋʉyaná ‘To make noise’.

enk-ólépó Nom sg: enk-olepó. [North] Acc sg: nk-óílépó. n. Hawk. olesére greeting. Goodbye, bye. Olesére amʉ̂ ɛ́táā kárɛ̄ʉ̄.

Goodbye, because I am going to drive them (the animals) away. See: lɛ́sɛ́rɛ [North] ‘Goodbye’; áyīā ‘Allright’.

enk-olíai

Nom sg: enk-óliai. Acc pl: ink-olíá. Nom pl: ink-ólia. [Purko] Acc

sg: enk-olíâî. [North] Acc sg: nk-olíâî. [North] Nom sg: nk-óliai. [North] Acc pl: nk-olíá. [North] Nom pl: nk-ólia. n. Widow;

woman without

husband. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aitotí enkolíâî ɔ́ laláshɛ otúá. The man is supporting the widow of his late brother. (Pk).

en-koilií [Purko]

Variant: enk-oilií. Nom sg: ink-oliîn. Acc pl: ink-

oliîn. Nom pl: ink-óliîn. [North] Nom sg: nk-ólií. n. Gazelle, antelope. In S this is the generic term. "Kénkoliîn íyíéú anáa kénkinejí?" Nérukúnyie aké inkóliîn. "Do you want antelopes or goats?" Antelopes just flowed out. kʉnâ oliîn ~ kʉnâ koliîn ~ kʉnâ koiliîn these antelopes (W). See: ɔlwúárgas ‘Grant's gazelle’; ɛnk-ɔ́ ́bɔ́rrsiadí ‘Grant's gazelle’.

nk-olií ná ́bɔ́rr [North] [North] ɔl-ɔ́l ́l ́

Grant's gazelle.

Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́lɨlɨ. Acc

pl: ɨl-ɔɔ́lɨlɨ. Nom pl: ɨl-

ɔ́ɔlɨlɨ. n. 1 • Enclosure outside the homestead for calves to graze in. 2 • [North] Grass that grows on ground that was formerly occupied by a home. This type of grass cannot be consumed by cows because of its smell. See: ɔl-ɔkɛr ́ ‘Enclosure for grazing outside the homestead’; ol-pérésí ‘Type of grass that is long and thin’; ɛn-aimúrrúai; nk-amúrruakî ‘Star grass’; ɔl-gʉ́rmɛ́ ‘Bumper

grass’; ɛn-kʉ́j ́tá ‘Grass’; l-áráá ‘Type of grass on banks of a river’; n-dálankúáni ‘Type of grass on sides of hills’; símí ‘Grass that grows on deserted homestead’.

nk-ólíóntóí [North]

[North] Nom sg: nk-oliontóí. [North] Acc pl: nk-

olíónto. [North] Nom pl: nk-ólíónto. n. Usage: polite (used by elders to avoid n-títō). [North] Girl. See: en-títō ‘Girl’; sɨlá [North] ‘Girl’.

nk-ólíóóntóí [North]

Nom sg: nk-olioontóí. Acc pl: nk-olíoonto.

Girl. Ɛshɔmɔ́ nkolioontóí pʉnʉka. The girl has gone to the market. (S). 2 • [North] Term of address to a girl by a boy. See: súrméléí ‘Girl’. Nom pl: nk-olioontó. n. 1 • [North]

olipí [North]

[North] Nom sg: ólipí. [North] Acc pl: olipíéno. [North] Nom

pl: ólipíéno. adj. [North]

olupí ‘Barren, sterile’.

Barren, sterile.

See: olupí ‘Barren’;

a-olipionú [North] v.incep. [North] To become barren. l-ólíyíó [North] [North] Nom sg: l-oliyíó. n. [North] Lonely place. See: e-líyio ‘Lonliness’.

l-ólkútójóólie [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ólkutojóólie. n. [North]

Trick by which one wrestles or trips another by hooking his foot while grabbing the arm.

a-olól v. 1 • To bend sth. flexible that can resume its shape again. Tóololō emúrt ɛ́ nk ́tɛ́ŋ máíshoo ɔlcaní. Bend the cow's neck so we can give it medicine. (W). Syn: a-kɔr ́ny ‘To bend’. 2 • To transform sth.

a-ololó

v.mid. 1 • To

be bent. 2 • To be transformed. See: a-kɔr ́ny ‘To bend’; a-ɨrrúg ‘To bend down’; a-shúk ‘To bend’.

ɛnk-ɔlɔ́ŋ Nom sg: ɛnk-ɔ́lɔŋ. Acc pl: ink-óloŋi. Nom pl: ink-ólóŋi. n. 1 • Sun. ɛndâ ɔlɔ́ŋ that sun (W). See: ɛn-dáma ‘Sun, day’; ɛn-dámā o ɛnkɛwaríé ‘Day’; m-párr [North] ‘Day’. 2 • A 24 hour period; day (esp. used in counting days). Inkóloŋi naápishana oshî nátií ewíki. There are seven

days in a week. (Pk). Kɛ́ ́dɨm ɛntám ̂s atɔtɔ́na inkóloŋi tɔmɔn o óŋuan ɛɨtʉ eok ɛnkárɛ́. A camel can stay for fourteen days without water. (Pk). Neiriamari nabô ɔlɔ́ŋ ɔlpáyian (i)nkíshú ɔ́ esiankíki ɛnyɛ́. One day, an old man and his newly-wedded bride went to graze cattle. See: lɨká ́ kekun ‘Distal past, day-before-yesterday’; nk-á ́ párrî [North] ‘Distal past, day-before-yesterday’. 3 • [North] Dry season. 4 • Drought, famine, hunger; esp. the hunger associated with the dry season. nápá ɔlɔ́ŋ that hunger of long ago. See: ɛ-sʉ́mash; ɔl-áméyú ‘Hunger’.

ɛnk-á ́ ɔlɔ́ŋ Distal past, including the day-before-yesterday, in many years past (lit: the other day).

́ídîâ ɔlɔ́ŋ Distal future, including day-after-tomorrow and in many years to come.

nk-ɔlɔ́ŋ [North]

[North] Nom sg: nk-ɔ́lɔŋ. [North] Acc pl: nk-óloŋi. [North]

Nom pl: nk-ólóŋi. n. [North]

áméyú ‘Hunger’.

Hunger.

See: ɛ-sʉ́mash; ɔl-

ɔlɔɔ́(-) See: ɔɔ́ ‘Of plural item’; ɛnɔ́- ‘Of’. enk-olópa Nom sg: enk-ólopa. Acc pl: ɨnk-olopaní. Nom pl: ink-ólopaní. n. Poisonous

l-olûâ [North]

centipede.

[North] Nom sg: l-ólua. [North] Acc pl: l-olûân. n. [North]

Hip, pelvis, pelvic bone.

ol-olúbo

Nom sg: ol-ólubó. Acc pl: il-oólubó. Nom pl: il-óolubó. n.

Glutton.

See: a-lubó ‘To

ɔl-ɔlʉlʉ́ŋa

n. 1 • The

ɔl-ɔlʉ́lʉ́ŋa

n.prop. For

be hungry’.

whole. 2 • [North] A barricade.

an account of the Ololulunga Massacre in 1918 see: Sanford, G.R., An Administrative and Political History of the Maasai Reserve, 1919, pp. 77-80 (Sanford writes the word 'Ol Alunga'); Elspeth Huxley, White Man's Country, Vol. II, pp. 39-

49.Ololulunga; place name north of Narok Town, Narok District, Kenya (lit: which-is-complete). See: a-lʉlʉŋá ‘To be round, whole, complete, without defect’.

l-ɔlʉ́ŋa [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́lɔlʉ́ŋa. [North] Acc pl: l-ɔlɔlʉŋaní. n.

[North] Branch which closes the gate of the kraal.

ɛnk-ɔlʉ́pa Nom sg: ɛnk-ɔ́lʉpa. n. Centipede. See: ɛn-dénkél ‘Centipede’. olupí Nom sg: ólúpí. Acc pl: olupéno. Nom pl: olúpēno. adj. Barren, sterile. Ɨncɔɔ́ ɛwalaá ɛnâ k ́tɛ́ŋ olupí aɨnyiaŋʉ́ á ́. Let him exchange this barren cow with another one by buying. (Pk).

ɔl-ɔmɛn kɛwán n. Diffident person (one who despises himself). ómo Acc pl: ómoi. Nom pl: ómói. adj. Light-brown color, specifically of sheep. Ómo apá enkêrr náíshooyiokí. The ram that was given away was light brown. Intaré ómoi aké esíóki ɔltʉ́ŋání ayiolóú. It is light-brown sheep that one recognizes easily. Ímîêt apá táatá ilkúuó ómói óotoiwuokí. The light-brown lambs born this time are five. enk-omóm1 Nom sg: enk-ómom. Acc pl: ɨnk-ómomi. Nom pl: ɨnk-ómómi. n. 1 • Forehead. 2 • Face.

ɛndâ omóm that face. aatá nkomóm To be lucky

(lit: to have face) (S).

ó-síkírái lɛ́ nkomám Forehead (lit: seashells of the face). ɔl-pʉrâ lɛ́ nkomóm Forehead. ɛn-cílí é nkomóm See: en-kirribó [South] ‘Forehead’; ɛnomóm2

k ́d ́mátá; ɛ-mʉnyánî ‘Forehead’.

fortune. ɔltʉŋáni ɔáta omóm a person who is lucky/fortunate (lit: a person who has favor/fortune).

a-omón

n. Favor, v. 1 • To

request, ask for sth. See: a-ɨtɔɔmɔ́n ‘To welcome’. 2 • To beg (eg. for money on the street). 3 • To pray, worship (to God).

a-omonú

v.dir. [North]: a-munó. [Chamus]: a-omonʉ́. To

request for

oneself, ask for. Átóómónuo. I have asked for it. (K). Átóómónua. I have asked for it. (SN).

a-omonishó To beg (food, money). a-omón ɛnkáí 1 • To pray to God. Usage: lit. 2 • To

ɔl-ɔmɔ́nɨ

give birth. Usage: polite. See: a-sáí ‘To plead’.

Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́mɔnɨ. Acc pl: ɨl-ɔmɔ́n. Nom pl: ɨl-ɔ́mɔn. [North] Acc sg: l-

ɔmɔ́ni. [North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́mɔni. [North] Acc pl: l-ɔmɔ́n. [North] Nom pl: lɔ́mɔn. n. 1 • Stranger. 2 • Visitor, guest. 3 • Word.

Nélimu siî n ́nyɛ Elija ɔlɔmɔ́nɨ obô. Elija will

also say one word. (C).

talk, address, news, information. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aturú ɨlɔmɔ́n lɔɔ́rpúrishó ɔɔ́waitâ inkíshú. The man is finding out information about the thieves who stole cows. (Pk). 4 • Speech,

Ɛnâ taá ɛntɔnatá ɔ́ɔ ̄ lɔmɔ́n ncɛ́rɛ mátayookinotó tenê. This is the conclusion of the 5 • Conversation.

conversation, that we meet in the morning right here. (Pk). See: ɔl-dɛrráti ‘Chat’; ɛn-kɨrɔ́rɔ́tɔ́ ‘Conversation’.

enk-omonó

Nom sg: enk-ómonó. [North] Nom sg: nk-ómonó. n. 1 • Form

of prayer; form of worship; religion. Ɛg ́ra ɔltʉ́ŋání asinyunyé ɛnkomonó naomón. The person is becoming holy through the prayer he made to God. (Pk). 2 • A request. See: a-omón ‘To request, pray’.

l-ómúncú [North] of beetle’.

n. [North]

l-ɔmʉ́rruagî [North]

Type of beetle.

See: ol-kérdoi ‘Type

[North] Nom sg: l-ámʉrruakî. [North] Acc pl: l-

amʉ́rruag. [North] Nom pl: l-ámʉrruak. n. [North] Burr.

a-ɔ́n [North]

v. [North]

To melt.

See: a-cɔ́l

[North] ‘To melt’.

ink-oníto oó nkíyiaa

óo nkíyiaa. n.pl. Big, leather beaded earrings worn by married women only. Kɛ́áta enkítok inkoníto oó nkíyiaa. The woman has leather beaded earrings. See: en-cóni ‘Hide’.

ol-ónítóí

Nom pl: ink-ónito

Acc pl: il-oníto. Nom pl: il-ónito. n.pl. Hides,

skins; used on

beds, etc. Óre oshî táatá nɛ́taá intáirí eishopí imeékúré áâ ɨnamʉ́ka oóloníto ánaa apá. These days people wear tire sandals, not leather sandals like before. (Pk).

ink-oníto Small pieces of skin. See: ink-oníto oó nkíyiaa ‘Leather ɔ́nɔ̂m

beaded earrings’; ol-coní ‘Hide’.

[Chamus] Acc sg: ɔnɔ̂m. num. Fifty. Etymology: < Proto-Kalenjin/ProtoSouthern-Nilotic *kɔnɔm < Proto-Baz *konom 'fifty' (Heine, Rottland & Vossen 1979:85).

a-ɔnɔ́r v. To break through (a fence, etc.), bulldoze. a-ɔ́ny [North]: a-óny. v.prog. 1 • To bite; tear with one's teeth. aɔ́ny enkiriŋó tɔɔ́ lalá to bite meat with teeth. Áɔ́ny ́ta. I am

biting it [fruit, meat, etc.] (W). 2 • [North] To sting (of insects). Etymology: Proto-Ongamo-Maa *-ɔɲ, 'bite (v.)' (Vossen 1989:195) from Proto-Teso-Lotuko-Maa *-kɔɲ- 'bite (v.)' (Vossen 1982:334).

a-ɔnyɨɔ́ny

1 • To

bite constantly.

be muddy. Ɛtɔwɔny ́wɔnyɔ dúóó ɛnkɔ̂p amû ɛ́ ́pʉ́tá ɛsárŋab. The ground is sticky because it is full of mud. (Pk). See: ɛ-ɔ́nyátá ‘Biting’. 2 • To

l-onya-kírí [North]

[North] Nom pl: l-onya-kírîn. n.pl. [North]

tipped mongoose (lit: meat eater).

ɨnk-ɔnyɛ́k a-ɔnyɨɔ́ny

Black-

Herpestes sanguineus.

n.pl. Eyes. See: ɛnk-ɔŋʉ́ ‘Eye’.

v. 1 • To

repeatedly.

bite repeatedly. aɔnyɨɔ́ny ɛndââ To bite food

be muddy. Kɛ́ɔn ̄ y ̄ɔ̄ny ɛnkɔ̂p The ground is muddy. See: ɛ-ɔnyɨɔ́nyɨ ‘Muddy’. 2 • To

ɛ-ɔnyɨɔ́nyɨ

muddy’.

ol-ónyókíé

Nom sg: ɛ-ɔ́nyɨɔ́nyɨ. adj. Muddy. See: a-ɔnyɨɔ́ny ‘To

be

n. Day

of the full moon; "red" day of the moon (lit: that which is red). See: ɔl-ɔnyɔ́r ̄ ‘Day before the full moon’.

l-ɔ́nyʉ́k ́ɛ́ lɛ l-ápa [North] [North] Day after the full moon; the 15th day of the lunar month (lit: red of the moon).

ɛnk-ɔnyɔ́rɨ

of the stomachs of a goat or sheep (lit: that which is green). Tápála ɛnkɔnyɔ́rɨ m ́nyá amʉ̂ ɛnɔɔ́ ntasáti. Leave alone the stomach (of the goat/sheep), don't eat it, because it is for women. See: ɛm-pʉ́nʉ́ká ‘One of the stomachs of a cow’; ɛnk-ayá ‘Stomach, intestines’.

ɔl-ɔnyɔ́r ̄

n. One

n.m. The

day before the full moon; the "green" day of the moon (lit: that which is green). Tɔ lɔ́nyɔ̄r ̄ lɔ́lápa kɛnyá kíntúpúkúni. During the green days of the moon you will undergo the ritual of enkútúpúkúnotó. (Pk). See: l-kádɛ́d [North] ‘Day before the full moon’; ol-ónyókíé ‘Day of the fullmoon’.

l-onyórī lɛ l-ápa [North] [North] Full moon, 14th day of the lunar month and the day before l-onyukie la l-apa.

e-ónyótó

[North] Nom sg: onyotó. [North] Acc pl: onyót. [North] Nom pl: onyót.

n. Biting,

bite (of insect, snake, etc.).

l-ɔ́nyʉ́k ́ɛ́ lɛ l-ápa [North]

n.phrase. [North]

ɔŋán [Chamus]

Daytime.

Day after the full moon; the 15th day of the lunar month (lit: red of the moon). See: ol-ónyókíé ‘Day of the full moon; "red" day of the moon’. n. [Chamus]

parkéji [North] ‘Daytime’.

ɔl-ɔŋaríé k ́na

See: ɛn-dáma ‘Daytime’; m-

Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́ŋarie

k ́na. n. His brother, of the same mother (lit: the one with whom he/she shares the breast). See: ɔl-áŋáríé k ́na ‘My brother’; a-ŋár ‘To share’.

ɔ́ŋáta2 [South] Acc sg: ɔ́ŋátá. adv. Outside. Néípaŋíéki ɔladúóó tʉŋáni, nɛ́yā ̄ naá ɔ́ŋáta. That person is made to go

outside, he is taken outside.

ɔ́ŋátá1

Nom sg: ɔŋatá. Acc pl: ɔŋát. n. Plain,

flat open country, wilderness. Képúó dúóó áatumo tɨ ɔŋatá. They were going to meet outside. See: áŋátá ‘Plain, desert, flat country’.

Ɔ́ŋátá Barrikói

name in Trans-Mara, Kenya, 20 km. south of Lolgorien, on the border with Tanzania (lit: brown plain .

L-ɔ́ŋɛ́l ̂ [North]

n.prop. Place

[North] Nom pl: L-ɔŋɛl .́ n.prop. [North]

Samburu phratry in the white cattle moiety, which keeps mostly white cattle. Members of this clan are politicians.

l-ɔŋɔlɨŋɔl ́ [North] ɔŋɔ́n

unrest.

[North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́ŋɔlɨŋɔl .́ n. [North]

See: l-ɔlɛmɨlɛm

Note: Maralal

́ [North] ‘Riot, unrest’.

Riot,

speakers object to this, say it should be wɔŋɔ́n or wɔŋánNom sg: ɔ́ŋɔn. n. Light. See: ɛ-waŋán ‘light’.

ɛnk-ɔŋʉ́1

Nom sg: ɛnk-ɔ́ŋʉ. Acc pl: ɨnk-ɔnyɛ́k. Nom pl: ɨnk-ɔnyɛ́k. [North]

ɨlpáp ́t lɔɔ́ nkɔnyɛ́k eye lashes, eye brows (lit: hairs of the eyes). enconí ɛ́ nkɔŋʉ́ eyelid (lit: skin of the eye). Eímúá ɛnkɔŋʉ́ ilkíyio. Tears dropped from Nom pl: nk-ɔ́nyɛk. n. 1 • Eye.

the eye. 2 • Socket.

of water, pool. ɛnkɔŋʉ́ ɛ́ nkárɛ́ a source of water. ɛnkɔŋʉ́ ɛ́ mʉny (spring of the rhino) is the name of the town, Ngong. The word ɛnkɔŋʉ́ has been anglicised to Ngong. 3 • Spring

4 • bulb

of a torch. ɛnkɔŋʉ́ ó sitíma Bulb of a torch.

k ́ma ɔ́ŋʉ Bushbaby (lit: one-with-fiery eye (?)). a-gól ɔ́ŋʉ To be disobedient (lit: the eye to be hard). Note: 'Eye' must be in the Nominative

a-g ́l ɛnk-ɔŋʉ́ To squint (lit: to break the eye). a-dány ɛnk-ɔŋʉ́ 1 • To poke in the eye (lit: to burst the eye). 2 • To

give a small piece of whatever you are eating to

somebody (mostly a child) who is looking at you.

a-lɛ́j ɨnk-ɔnyɛ́k To pretend (lit: the eyes to cheat). a-ɨbɔ́rr ɔnyɛ́k To be promiscuous (lit: the eyes to be white). a-rɔ́k ɔnyɛ́k To be unable to identify people easily (lit: the eyes to be black).

eniɔŋʉ́ Amazement; grimmace (lit: of-the-eye [feminine]). e-netoníé ɛnkɔ́ŋʉ Eye socket (lit: where the eye sits down). ɛnk-ɔŋʉ́ ó loúdo The socket of the hip (lit: eye of the open one).

ɛ-ná ́mɨn ɛ nárɔ́k ɔ́ŋʉ Total darkness (lit: darkness of the black eye).

ɛnk-ɔŋʉ́ ŋirô Sick eye (lit: grey eye). ɛ-nɛ́rɔ́k ɛ́ nk-ɔŋʉ́ Pupil (lit: the place that is black of the eye). ɛ-nɛ́ ́bɔ́rr ɛ́ nk-ɔŋʉ́ Conjunctiva (lit: the place that is white of the eye).

ɔl-pʉ̂s lɛ́ nk-ɔŋʉ́ Iris (of any color, including brown) (lit: blue of the eye).

nk-ɔŋʉ́ nárɔ́k [North] [North] Pupil and iris. áa-rɨpa ɨnk-ɔnyɛ́k Blind (lit: the eyes to be sewn). See: ol-obóíta ɔl-ɔŋʉ́5

ɔ́ŋʉ ‘One eyed person’; a-ɨrrɨapíé ɛnkɔŋʉ́ ‘To blink’.

Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́ŋʉ. Acc pl: ɨl-ɔnyɛ́k. Nom pl: ɨl-ɔ́nyɛk. n. 1 • Spring,

source (lit: big eye). Ɛg ́ra ɛnkárɛ aɨt ́r amʉ̂ etudúŋe ɛnkɔ́ŋʉ ɛ́ ncɔ́rrɔ. The water (flow) has broken because the source has been cut. (Pk). 2 • Big eye. Usage: rare. 3 • Pain in the muscles. 4 • Decorative pattern, especially one that is not repeated, made on a garment or a shield. 5 • [North] Window; hole in the house for peeping through and for light. Usage: figurative.

6 • [North]

Circle drawn on paper. See: e-lusíét ‘Window’; enaudotó ‘Window’.

ɛnk-ɔŋʉ́ ɛ mʉ̂ny

town; name of town southwest of Nairobi (lit: eye of the rhino; spring of the rhino). This place is also known as just ɛnk-ɔŋʉ́ and the anglicized version Ngong is derived from this. The place is also known as ɛn-cɔ́rrɔ ɛ mʉ̂ny 'Spring of the rhino.'. A puddle or a spring is often called ɛnk-ɔŋʉ́ 'eye.'. See: ɛn-cɔ́rrɔ ɛ́ mʉ̂ny ‘Ngong town’.

oŋúán

n.prop. Ngong

[oŋwán] Nom sg: óŋuan. Nom pl: oóŋuan. [North] Acc sg: ongúán. num.

Four. In Samburu, ongúán designates 'four (feminine)'. imbolunót oŋúán four chapters (W). Náajokí ́sʉmá embolúnotó eoŋúán. He told me to read Chapter Four. (W). Kégól embolúnotó éóŋūān olêŋ. Chapter Four is very hard. (W). Ɛshɔmɔ́ pɔ́kʉ́ra oóŋuan anapárr All four (of them) have gone today. (SN). Kɛ́ ́dɨm ɛntám ̂s atɔtɔ́na inkóloŋi tɔmɔn o óŋuan ɛɨtʉ eok ɛnkárɛ́. A camel can stay for fourteen days without water. (lit: A camel can stay ten and four days without drinking water.) (Pk). See: oónguan [North] ‘Four (masc)’.

ol-óŋúí

Nom sg: ol-oŋúí. Acc pl: il-ooŋû. Nom pl: il-óoŋu. n.

Usage: derogatory. Stinker;

nickname used by the Maasai to designate the Kamba people (lit: he who smells). See: a-ŋú ‘To stink’; ol-áíkámpáí ‘Kamba tribesman’.

l-oŋunyuŋunyí [North] -óo óó

n.pl. [North]

ɨŋʉnyʉŋʉ́ny [North] ‘To murmur’.

Complaints.

See: a-

dir. Advanced

tongue root variant of -áa, motion away, iterative, and distributive aspect suffix. See: -áa.

interj. Particle

which begins a response, indicating that the respondent has heard or understood what has been said. Néjokí, "Papâ!" "Óó. Káji doí íŋúāā?" He said to him, "Papâ!" [The old man replied,] "Óó, Where do you come from?". See: hoé ‘Yes’.

ɔɔ́

Variant: oó. Nom pl: ɔ́ɔ,̄

ɔ́ɔ. psr.prt. 1 • Possessor particle, which preceeds a plural possessor noun. Óre ɛnkáŋ oó motónyī nɛ́akunyé eúnótó ́nâ. The (ceremonial) home-of-birds becomes the installation-home-for-warriors just like that. tɛ mʉráta ɔ́ɔ nkayîôk in the circumcision of boys. ɨlkɨdɔŋɔ́ lɔɔ́ isirkôn the donkies' tails. Kádɔ́l ɨlcɔrɛ́tā lɔɔ́ laiyôk. I will see the friends of the boys. Épúó ɨlcɔ́rɛta lɔ́ɔ ̄ laiyôk. The friends of the boys will go. Átɔ́dúaa apá ɔltɔ́mɛ́ tɔlalɛ́ lɔ́ɔ ŋúési. I saw an elephant in the game park (reserve). (Pk). Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aitó ɛnkáŋ oó nkíshú. The man is going back to his home where cows are. (lit: The man is going back home of the cows.) (Pk). 2 • Partitive ?? when combined with the oblique preposition tɛ; of. Nɛ́manáa tɔɔ́ aŋitíé asotú ɨmálasin ɔmɛ́ ́dɨpá. He goes around (at) the homes to collect (beer) gourds until he finishes. See: ɛ́ ‘Feminine singular possessive particle. See paradigms there.’.

ɔɔ́ [North] ɔɔ́-

conj. [North]

Whether ... or not; used to introduce each of two related clauses.

Variant: ɔɔ-

before Falling tone. Nom pl: ɔ́ɔ-̄ . pn.b. Relative clause prefix for masculine third person plural head noun. Ɨlpayianí ɔɔ́ramat ́shɔ óotum inkíshú kúmok olêŋ. It is the men that take care of their livestock that get more cows. Lmʉ́rran ɔɔ́tɛrrɛpak ́ ɔ́ɔshɔmɔ́ njóré. It is the warriors that have been praised that have gone for a raid. (SN). Lmaŋátí ɔ́ɔrasakɨta iyióó táatá. It is the enemies who are attacking us now. (SN). Lpáēg óotií lbɛ́nɛ́. It is maize (pl) that is in the bag. (SN). ɨlɔɔmʉ̂k ɛnáíshíó those that brew beer. Ádɔ́t ́ta kʉldɔ̂ loólubó. I am seeing/looking at those gluttons. (W).

ɔl-ɔ́ɔd ́ ɔ́ kɨrragatá [West]

Variant: ɔl-ɔ́dɔ́

k ́rrágátá; ɔadɔ́

k ́rrágátá. n. Giraffe (lit: the one of the big space for lying down). Ɔlɔ́ɔd ́ ɔ́ kɨrragatá ɛlɛ́. This is a giraffe. See: a-adɔ́ ‘To be long, tall’; a-ɨrrág ‘To lie, lie down’; ɔl-carkúk ‘Giraffe’.

ɔl-ɔ́ɔd ́ ɔ́ kɨrragatá

Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́ɔdɔ

kɨrragatá. n. Giraffe (lit: that

which lies on a long surface). Imbénék oó lkeék oshî ɛ́nyá ɔlɔ́ɔdɔ kɨrragatá. A giraffe feeds on leaves from trees. See: ɔl-carkúk ‘Giraffe’.

ɨl-oogólalá

n.prop. For

further details, see: Jan Voshaar, Tracing God's Walking-Stick, pp. 20-21.Remnants of an original section of the Maasai who now live around Inkorika, east of Kajiado Town, Kajiado District, Kenya. See: a-gól ‘To be hard’; ɔl-álaɨ ‘Tooth, tusk’.

óóí interj. Oh. See: áuuî ‘Help!’. l-ɔɔ ́bɔ̄r kíneji n.pl. Herders. See: ɨl-párakuo ‘Cattle keepers’. Ol-oololo n.prop. 1 • Name of a hill on the Isiria Escarpment;

sometimes this name is applied to the whole escarpment. (lit: which-bends-round). 2 • Isiria Escarpment. See: a-looló ‘To go round, bend, saunter’.

ɨl-ɔ́ɔm n.pl. Rafters. See: ol-óómí ‘Rafter’. ol-óómí Nom sg: ol-oomí. Acc pl: ɨl-ɔ́ɔm. Nom pl: ɨl-ɔ́ɔm ̂ . n. Long slender

roofing sticks visible from the inside of a traditional house, installed in a criss-cross pattern; about the diameter of two fingers. Rafters are laid horizonally around ɛmbókīshīī during the construction of houses, to make the initial roof. Where they overlap, they are tied together. Grass is then put on to fill in the spaces, after which cow dung is spread to make the final roof. See: embókíshii ‘Vertical construction posts’; ɛ-ŋápɛ́ ‘Supports’; ɛr ́shɨna ‘Roof sticks’; enk-opitó ‘String’.

oónguan [North]

See: oŋúán ‘Four’.

num. [North]

n-ɔɔ́nkɔ́shua [North]

Four (masculine).

Nom sg: n-ɔ́ɔnkɔ́shua. n. [North]

Stomach

upsets experienced by women at their first two or three months of pregnancy; nausea, morning-sickness (lit: that of the stomachs).

ɔl-ɔɔ́ntaléŋo Nom sg: ɔlɔ́ɔntaléŋo. n. Third finger. See: ŋotó-kílintâ. l-oorturót [North] n. [North] Winds that signal coming rains. lekumecín [North] [North] Water that escapes from cattle during pregnancy.

ɔl-ɔɔ́saên Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́ɔsaên. n. The East. ɔl-ɔɔs ́ n. Work. Syn: e-síáai ‘Work’. ɔl-ɔɔ́tɛrɛ́gɛ n. Deceased boy; between the ages of birth and preɔɔ́tɨ óotú

adolescence (lit: he of the testicles). See: ol-terégelî ‘Testicle’; ɛndɔ́rrɔ́p sésên ‘Deceased uncircumcised girl’. n. Young.

plural of a-lotú 'come'. Óotú ɛ́ntasotú ɨmálasin. Come and collect beer gourds. See: a-lotú ‘To come (sg)’; áa-puonu ‘To come (pl)’. v.imp.pl. Imperative

ɔpá adv. Long ago. See: apá; apá ‘Long ago’. ɔl-ɔpɛ́ny Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́pɛny. Acc pl: ɨl-aápɛ́ny. Nom pl: ɨl-ɔ́ɔpɛ̂ny. [North] Acc sg: lɔpɛ́ny. [North] Nom sg: lɔ́pɛny. [North] Acc pl: lɔɔ́pɛny. [North] Nom pl: lɔ́ɔpɛ́ny. n. Owner.

Ekébikóo intókitin pɔ́ɔkɨ náaramát

ɨlɔ́ɔpɛ̂ny. All things that their owners care for last long. (Pk). lɔpɛ́ny ŋók sinner (lit: the owner of sin). ɔl-ɔpɛ́ny olórika Chairman (lit: chair owner). Ɛg ́ra ɔlɔ́pɛny olórika aɨtashé aŋór olórika lɛnyɛ́. The chairman is contesting again to defend his seat. (Pk).

ɔ́pɛny [North]: ápɛny. [Chamus]: ɔpɛ́ny. Plural: ɔ́ɔpɛ́ny. adv. Alone. Ɛg ́ra ɔltʉ́ŋání ógogoŋ akɛlɛlarí aló ɔ́pɛny. The antisocial person is going alone. (Pk). Ɛáta ́nâ kítok léwáísho amʉ̂ nɨnyɛ́ ná ́torɛ ɛnkáŋ ɔ́pɛny. That woman has (the responsibilities of) manhood because she takes care of the family all alone. (W). See: a-kɛparí ‘To stay alone’.

nk-ɔpɛ́râ ̂ [North]

[North] Nom sg: nk-ɔ́pɛrâ .̂ [North] Acc pl: nk-ɔpɛra.

[North] Nom pl: nk-ɔ́pɛrá. n. [North]

ɔl-ɔp ́ [North]

n. [North]

Thomson's gazelle.

Gazella thomsoni.

Type of club which has a rounded head and which tapers down to a point at the opposite end. This kind of club is used by newly circumcised boys. It usually has one pointed end with wax on it. See: en-júlúl ‘Club with pointed end’.

l-ɔp ́ k ́dɔŋɔ̂ ̂ [North] sharp tail).

n.phrase. [North]

Kind of tough grass (lit:

Setaria sphacelata.

ɔl-ɔp ́ lɛ́ ntákule [South]

lɛ́ ntákule. Acc pl: ɨl-ɔɔp ̂ lɔɔ́ ntakúlen. Nom pl: ɨl-ɔ́ɔpɨ lɔ́ɔ ntakúlen. n. [South] Elbow (lit: the sharp of the forearm). See: ol-oidólol ‘Elbow’; ɛntákule ‘Forearm’.

nk-opîâ [North]

Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́pɨ

[North] Nom sg: nk-ópia. [North] Acc pl: nk-opianí.

[North] Nom pl: nk-ópianí. n. [North] Etymology: Swahili

kofia.

l-ɔ́p ́d ́p ́d [North]

Hat.

See: enk-opíyia ‘Hat,

cap’.

́d. n. [North] Disease of small stock associated with malnutrition.

enk-ópíró

[North] Nom sg: l-ɔpɨdɨp

Variant: opírō. Acc pl: ink-opír. [North] Nom sg: nk-opiró. [North]

Acc pl: nk-opír. [North] Nom pl: nk-ópir. n. 1 • Feather.

In S this

especially denotes a small feather. Kɛ́āta emótonyî inkopír aré naáādɔ tɛ siadí. A bird has two feathers that are long on its tail. 2 • Rank-and-file.

l-ópíró [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-opiró. [North] Acc pl: l-ɔp

́r. [North] Nom pl: l-ɔ́pɨr. 1 • [North] Large feather, as of the ostrich or chicken. 2 • [North] Cloud bank of nimbus clouds, as seen from a distance.

ol-ópíró n. Lengthy heavy rain. See: ɛn-cán ‘Rain’. a-ɔpɨshɔ́ v.mid. To be dangerous. enk-opitó Nom sg: enk-ópitó. Acc pl: ɨnk-opít. Nom pl: ɨnk-ópit. [North] Acc

sg: nk-opitó. Variant: nk-opítō. n. 1 • Cord,

string, bark string, eg.

used in making a house. 2 • Gummy substance on the inside of a freshly removed piece of bark. Ɛɨnɔs ́ta náají Náísía ́ enkopitó. Naisiai was chewing the gum from the inside of a piece of bark. (Pk). Óre

teníntáyū enkabobóki tíórioŋ ɔlcaní náa éísídá ́ teníkinyú enkopitó. When you remove a piece of bark

froma tree, it is good to remove the white inner side of it. (Pk). See: ɛnk-abobóki ‘Bark’; m-baláti ‘Bark’.

enk-opíyia

Nom sg: enk-ópiyia. Acc pl: ink-opiyianí. Nom pl: ink-

ópiyianí. [West] Acc sg: en-kopíyia. [Chamus] Acc sg: kop ́ya. n. Hat. Ɛt ́p ́ká ɛndâ opíyia enkúé áí. They have put that hat on my head. See: en-karandá ‘Cap, hat’; sióga ‘Hat’. Borrowed word: Swahili kofia 'hat'.

ol-opolóli

n. Grazing

kɔ́p ‘Land, field’.

ɔl-ɔpɔlɔ́sɨ ɔl-k ́tɛ́ŋ

field or pasture set apart for calves.

See: ɛn-

one who gives an ox for sacrifice. Chief of a group of boys who are about to be initiated. This individual is chosen just prior to the en-kipaata ceremony, and is to carry all the sins of his age group. See: ɛn-k ́páátá ‘Precircumcision ceremony’.

l-ópóní [North]

n. The

[North] Nom sg: l-oponí. [North] Acc pl: l-ópon. [North] Nom

pl: l-ópôn. n. 1 • [North]

Long-sized bead. 2 • [North] Tree sp. whose fruit is used for beads. Erythrina abyssinica.

l-opukúrorô [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ópukúrorô. n. [North]

Calabash with a cup-lid which is overfilled with milk.

l-opúpôî [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-opupôî. [North] Acc pl: l-opúpo.

[North] Nom pl: l-ópupo. n. [North]

[North] ‘Tse-tse fly’.

ɔl-ɔpʉrpʉrána

n.prop. Alternative

Tse-tse fly.

See: sanampûr

Maa name for the town of Kajiado (lit: that which is spherical, round, dome-shaped). See: ɔl-Kɛjʉ́ādɔ̄ ‘Kajiado’.

a-ór1

[Purko]: ɔ́rr. [North]: wórr. [Chamus]: wór. v.prog. To

sweep, brush. Áóríto ɛnkɔ́p. I am sweeping the floor/ground.

a-oró v.mid. To be swept. a-oroó v.dir. To sweep away. Áóróo inkulukúók tɛ nkɔ̂p. I will sweep dirt from the floor.

a-orokí inkulukúók a-ór1

v.dat. To

weed (lit: 'to sweep the soil'). See: a-sɛmpɛ́r ‘To weed’; a-kúrr ‘To scrape’.

[Purko]: ɔ́rr. [North]: wórr. [Chamus]: wór. v.prog. To

sweep, brush. Áóríto ɛnkɔ́p. I am sweeping the floor/ground.

a-oró v.mid. To be swept. a-oroó v.dir. To sweep away. Áóróo inkulukúók tɛ nkɔ̂p. I will sweep dirt from the floor.

a-orokí inkulukúók a-ór1

v.dat. To

weed (lit: 'to sweep the soil'). See: a-sɛmpɛ́r ‘To weed’; a-kúrr ‘To scrape’.

[Purko]: ɔ́rr. [North]: wórr. [Chamus]: wór. v.prog. To

sweep, brush. Áóríto ɛnkɔ́p. I am sweeping the floor/ground.

a-oró v.mid. To be swept. a-oroó v.dir. To sweep away. Áóróo inkulukúók tɛ nkɔ̂p. I will sweep dirt from the floor.

a-orokí inkulukúók

v.dat. To

weed (lit: 'to sweep the soil'). See: a-sɛmpɛ́r ‘To weed’; a-kúrr ‘To scrape’.

a-ór2 v. To bray, moo. a-ór [North]3 v. [North] To divide, separate, split off. a-oríé [North] 1 • [North] To break up, split apart (eg. two fighters). 2 • [North] To leave s.o.

a-oró [North] v.mid. [North] To be divided. a-orór [North] v. [North] To sort out, divide into small groups. a-ororí [North] [North] To move away, leaving behind one's

neighbours.

a-orú [North] a-ɔ́r

v.dir. 1 • [North]

To rob, take by force. 2 • [North] To save from punishment or death by restraining an assailant.

́ ŕ . divide, separate, split off. Ɛɔ He will divide it. Ɛɔrʉ́nyɛ. He will separate himself from (sth.). Ɛɔ́rʉ́nyɛ. It will be divided. (W). [North]: a-ór. [Chamus] Acc sg: ór. v. To

a-oríé a-ɔrɨk ́

v.inst. To

a-ɔrɔɔ́

v.dir. To

divide from, divide with, divide at.

divide amongst. Ɛlɛ̂ bótór ɔ́ɔrɨk ́. It is this older one that will sub-divide for them. Étóóshô ɨnkɛ́râ olkeréri peê étúmí áatɔɔrɨk ́ ɛndáa. The children have made a queue so that the food can be served to them. (Pk). v.dat. To

feed an orphaned young animal. nɛɔ́rɔ̄rɛ̄ ‘Boundary’; a-r ́sh ‘To divide’.

See: ɛ-

ór ór ideo. The sound of braying. Néjo ór, ór. He said "or or". l-órdô [North] n. [North] Plant sp. whose leaves may be cooked óre

and eaten.

Cyphostemma adenocaule.

conj. 1 • Discourse

conjunction used to introduce an adverbial clause which sets a time frame for a following clause or paragraph. The adverbial clause may indicate some degree of discontinuity between ideas or sequences of events: then, while, and now etc. Néjo: "Óre taá enikinkô?" They said, "Now what are we going to do?". Kóre peê ɛ́dɔ́l iyioó lósowuaní nɛ́arári áaɨsɨg. When the buffalo saw us, they ran away fleeing. (SN). Kóre ɛdaá nɛ́bāʉ̄. When she is eating, he will arrive. (W). 2 • Indicator of conceptual realization: previously one did not know but suddenly comes to know. Cf: Nɛ́kɛnyʉ́ kíâs

ɛntɛ́mátá. Nájádɔ́l kóre imbáa kúmok, néíŋúaa embólúnotó eoŋwúán. Then the following morning we did

-óre

the exam. I tried to see and realised that a lot of questions came from chapter four. Compare the same sentence but without kóre: Nɛ́kɛnyʉ́ kíâs ɛntɛ́mátá. Nájádɔ́l imbáa kúmok, néíŋúaa embólúnotó eoŋwúán. 'Then the following morning we did the exam. I tried to see whether a lot of questions came from chapter four'. See: peê ‘So that’. of the Action nominalizer -árɛ. ɛnâ ríkóre ɔɔ́ lashʉmpá this leadership of the white people (KS). nmlz. Variant

óre peê conj. 1 • After. Óre peê kɨbarnʉ́ ɨlpáp ́t lo lmelíl, níkiduŋuduŋ. When (ie., after) we shave hair from the neck, we shall cut it into pieces.

while. Óre peê ɛnap náa ɛnkɔr ́ɔ́ŋ etíī . 'When he carried it [honey], it was on the back [of the elephant]'. 2 • When,

order to. Óre peê kɨnd ́m áataas ́nâ báɛ... So that we can do these things... See: peê ‘Temporal and logical subordinating conjunction’. 3 • In

ol-órere

Nom sg: ol-órére. Acc pl: il-orérēn. Nom pl: il-órerén. [North] Nom

pl: l-óreren. n. 1 • People.

Ɛɛ́ la apá ɨlMaasá ́ ilorérén

ɔɔ́tɨmɨra. The Maasai assimilated the people they defeated in war. (Pk). Auui, loorere enyioto amʉ̂ ewaki ntare inyi! Help! People, wake up! somebody has stolen your sheep! Nɛ́nya apá ɛnâ kúkuû olórere. This animal ate people. 2 • Gathering

of people; crowd. 3 • Community, population.

people group. Óre apá peê áâ ɔlɛ́ ́lɔ órere náa mɛ́nyɛ́ apá oyarárotó. He became of that people because his father went into captivity. (Pk). See: ol-oshô; en-tipat ‘Tribe’. 4 • Tribe,

e-orét

Nom sg: e-óret. Acc pl: i-oréta. Nom pl: i-óreta. [Purko] Acc sg: ɔrɛ́t. n.

Broom.

See: a-ór ‘To

l-oríc-ɔnyɛ́k [North]

sweep’; ɔl-árao ‘Broom’; l-piríyeét ‘Broom’.

arbitrates the eyes).

n.phrase. [North]

Bridge of the nose (lit:

nk-oríī [North]

Sound heard from afar (eg. of a car, herds). See: ol-tóíló ‘Voice, sound’.

l-ɔrɨk ́nɛ́ [North] in June-July.

enk-oríni

n. [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́rɨk

Nom sg: enk-órini. Acc pl: ink-orîn. Nom pl: ink-órin. n. Thin

wire for sewing beads. beeds’.

oríóŋ1

́nɛ́. n. [North] Rainy season

See: ol-gísoi ‘Thin

wire for threading

[North] Acc sg: orióŋ. [North] Nom sg: órioŋ. n.r. 1 • Behind,

spatially in back of. Etíí oríóŋ ají. He is at the back of (ie., outside and behind) the house. (Pk). 2 • [North] Outside (of an object).

tɛ órioŋ

2 • On

1 • Behind.

enk-oríóŋ2

the outside of. See: kʉ́rʉm; síádí ‘Behind’.

Nom sg: enk-órioŋ. Acc pl: ink-órioŋi. n. 1 • Back;

the part of a person's or animal's body that is on the opposite side from the chest, and which goes from the neck to the bottom of the spine or tail. Mɛdɔl ɔltʉ́ŋání entóki natíí enkoríóŋ. A person cannot see what is on his back. See: ɛ-siadí ‘Back’. 2 • The back side of sth.; eg. opposite side of a house from where the entrance is. aj ́ŋ enkoríóŋ To stand behind, give support to s.o. side of hand, non-sole side of foot. orióŋ ɛ́ nkáíná Back of hand. Ɛt́ ápéjó olconí liorióŋ ɛnká ́ná ɛnk ́ma. The fire has burned the skin of the back of her hand. (Pk). orióŋ ɛ́ nkɛjʉ́ Top of foot. 3 • Non-palm

4 • Outer

part of sth. Ant: atûâ ‘Inside’.

5 • Hilltop. See: ɛnk-ɔ́shɔkɛ ‘Stomach;

hillside’.

l-óik lɛ́ nk-oríóŋ Backbone, bones of the back. lákʉ́nyá lɛ́ nk-oríóŋ Spinal cord (lit: brain of the back). enk-oríóŋ ilomón Literal or surface meaning of one's words

(lit: on the back of the words).

l-órísé [North]

Nom sg: l-orisé. n. 1 • [North]

Tool for removing hair

from hide or skin. 2 • [North] Tool for carving wooden calabashes. See: a-kít ‘To remove hair from skin/hide’.

l-órísíé [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-orisíé. [North] Acc pl: l-orísien. n.

[North] Hand tool with wooden handle and iron blade. lórísíé lɔɔ́ ndápan Tool used for scraping hides which are to be worn (S). See: ɛn-dapanâ ‘Skin, hide’.

ol-órika

Nom sg: ol-óríkā. Acc pl: il-oríkān. Nom pl: il-órikán. [North] Acc

sg: l-ɔ́rɨka. [North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́r

́ka. [North] Acc pl: l-ɔr ́kân. [North] Nom pl: lɔ́rɨkán. [South] Acc sg: ɔl-órika. n. 1 • Seat, chair, stool. olórika ɛldɛ́. That is a chair. iloríkān ɔááre two chairs. Emúá

tɔrrɔ́nɔ̂ ɔ́ lcaní oleléshūā tenéítobiríéki iloríkān. Oleleshua is a bad type of tree from which to make chairs.

Nɛ́tɔn táatá tɛ nkaɨná ɛ́ tátɛ́nɛ́ ó lórika lé nkítóó ɛ ɛ́nkAī. He sat today at the right hand of the seat of authority (throne) of God. lɔ́rɨka dápác Stool commonly found in Samburu homes (lit: broad stool) (S). Traditionally, women are not allowed to sit on these stools, and ritual items are placed on them during ceremonies.

olórika lɛ́ ríkóre a political, leadership seat. l-órīkā lɛ́ nkue [North] [North] A small chair-like tool for 2 • Position.

áa-ɔrɔ ɔl-ɔ́rɔ1

supporting ones head while lying down (as a pillow). In Samburu, this is used just by elders (a different variety may be used by warriors). v.mid.pl. To

be divided, separated, split.

Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́rɔ̂. Acc pl: ɨl-óroi. Nom pl: ɨl-órói. n. He-goat,

(uncastrated).

ɛ-ɔ́rɔ2

See: a-ɔ́r ‘To

n. Division.

ɔ́r ‘To divide’.

See: ɛn-tʉ́dɛ́ ‘Male

goat’.

divide’.

billy-goat

ɨlarrábálí ɔ́ ɛɔ́rɔ conflicts and division. See: a-

ol-orôk n. Shin. ɔlɔrôk lɛ́nkɛjʉ́ shin. ɔl-ɔ́rɔ́k n. Black person (lit: one who is black). ɔl-ɔ́rɔ́k kʉ́tʉ́k n. 1 • Donkey (lit: one that is black-mouth). 2 • Stick

with charcoal point, used by women to clean calabashes.

l-ɔ́rɔ́k-kidoŋôî [North]

Black-tipped mongoose (lit: black tailed). See: l-onya-kírí [North] ‘Blacktipped mongoose’.

ɔrɔkʉ́cʉ

n. Herpestes sanguineus. [North]

[North] Acc sg: L-ɔrɔkʉ́cʉ. n.prop n.pl. [North]

A Samburu phratry in the white cattle moity. One speaker indicates that this "clan" keeps mostly black cattle.

a-ɔrɔɔ́ v. To feed a young orphaned young animal. Ɨncɔɔ́kɨ esiɔrɔ́g náórórīē elɛ̂ áshê. Give me a (leather) funnel to use for feeding this calf. (Pk).

ol-oróra

Variant: ɔl-ɔrɔ́ra. n. 1 • Big

gathering of people; crowd, group. 2 • Big migration. See: ɛn-aɨdʉ́rra ‘Migration’.

l-ɔrɔ́ra [North]

Variant: l-oróra. [North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́rɔra,

Acc pl: l-ɔrɔraní,

l-órorá. [North]

l-ororaní. [North] Nom pl: l-óroraní. [Chamus] Acc sg: ɔrʉ́ra. n. 1 • [North] Village. 2 • [North] Large kraal or manyata constructed by the clan, mostly for the circumcision of boys, but also for other ceremonies. Etowúákɨ lɔrɔ́rá tɛ márlal. A manyata has been constructed at Marlal. 3 • Home for special ceremony.

l-ɔrɔ́rā lɛ́ nkárná A manyata for the name. l-ɔrɔ́rā lɛ́ lɔɨŋɔ́nɨ A manyata for the bull. See: ɛnk-áŋ ‘Home, kraal’; ɛ-mányátá ‘Warrior's village’.

a-ororí v.dir v.mid. To move right away. l-óróroi [North] [North] Nom sg: l-oróroi. [North] Acc pl: l-óroro. [North] Nom pl: l-óróro. n. [North]

Large tree sp.

Boscia angustifolia.

ɔl-ɔrɔrɔ́m

Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́rɔrɔ́m. Acc pl: il-ororomi. Variant: ɨl-ɔɔ́rɔrɔm. n.

Upper front or "bridge" of nose.

e-oróti

of nose’.

oráti. [North] Nom sg: óroti. [North] Acc pl: ɔrɔ́t. [North] Nom pl: ɔrɔ́t. n. Piece, part, share, bit. See: a-ɔ́r ‘To divide’.

a-orú

[North] Acc sg: orótī,

See: ɔl-ɔsɔsíóm ‘Bridge

rob, deprive of. Tɔ́bɔbɔla tɔ́ɔrʉ́ ́lɔ̂ mʉrʉ́nya. Wrestle him and snatch away that razor blade. (Pk). v. To

l-orúko [North] e-órr

[North] Nom sg: l-óruko. [North] Acc pl: l-orúkôn. n.

[North] High ground, as between watercourses; watershed, divide. See: a-rúk ‘To pass through’. Nom sg: e-ôrr. Acc pl: i-orró. Nom pl: i-órro. n. Open

perched place.

spot; bare place;

l-ɔrrɛ́cɔ [North]

Variant: l-orrésho. [North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́rrɛcɔ. Variant: l-

l-orríán [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-órrîân. [North] Acc pl: l-orrianí. [North]

órrēshō. [North] Acc pl: l-orreconí. n. [North] Bridge. sagám ‘Bridge’.

See: ɔ-

Nom pl: l-órrianí. n. 1 • [North]

Swamp. 2 • [North] Large green grassy area, eg. as found by a stream; greensward, meadow. See: ol-buáá ‘Swamp’.

nk-ɔ́rr ́mpâ [North] during migration.

ɔl-ɔ́rrɨshɛ́t

n. [North]

Small emporary structure used

Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́rrɨshɛ́t. Acc pl: ɨl-ɔrrɨshɛ́ta. Nom pl: ɨl-ɔ́rrɨshɛ́ta.

[North] Acc sg: rrɨcɛ́t. n. The

ɛnk-ɔ́rrɨshɛ́t

lower part of the leg below the knee.

Usage: contemptuous. Small

lower part of the leg. See: l-kúndud lɛ́ nkɛjʉ́ ‘Calf’; ol-orrôk ‘Shin’; l-ailéleê ‘Lower part of the leg’; l-wuatán lɛ́ nkɛjʉ́ ‘Lower part of the leg’; enkúpes ‘Thigh’.

l-ɔrr ́tɨcɔ [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́rrɨtɨcɔ́. n. [North]

Shepherd, goatherd. See: ɔl-aɨrr ́tani ‘Shepherd’; a-ɨrrɨtá ‘To look after’.

áa-orro v.pl v.mid. To fight each other over sth.; quarrel over sth. a-orroré To fight each other over sth.

e-órro Nom sg: e-órrô. n. A quarrel. ol-orrôk Nom sg: ol-órrok. Acc pl: il-orróki. Nom pl: il-órrokí. [North] Acc

sg: l-ɔrrɔ̂k. [North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́rrɔk. [North] Acc pl: l-ɔrrɔ́kɨ. [North] Nom pl: l-

ɔ́rrɔk .́ n. Front of the leg between knee and ankle; shin, tibia. olorrôk lɛ́ nkɛjʉ́ Shin. See: l-watán [North] ‘Lower leg’.

enk-orrôk

real thing; self. enkorrôk ɛ́ mbaɛ The real issue (as opposed to a false issue, pretense, beating-aroundthe-bush); "heart of the matter". 2 • Small shin. See: ɔl-ɔ́rrɨshɛ́t ‘Lower part of the leg’; l-kúndud (lɛ́ nkɛjʉ́) ‘Calf; part of the leg’.

enk-orrôk

1 • The

Nom sg: enk-órrok. Acc pl: ink-orróki. Nom pl: ink-órrokí. n.

1 • The

real essence, "heart of the matter". 2 • Personality, nature of a person.

nk-orróncôî [North] (on tree).

ol-órrondô

[North] Acc pl: nk-orrónco. n. [North]

Nom sg: ol-órrondô. Acc pl: il-orróndon. Nom pl: il-

órrondón. n. Type of plant.

l-ɔrrɔɔ́ [North] ecaudatus.

[North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́rrɔɔ́. n. [North]

l-ɔrrɔɔ́sh [North] eagle.

a-orrorré

Twig

Bateleur.

[North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́rrɔɔ́sh. n. [North]

Terathopius ecaudatus. See: l-mógíró ‘Eagle’.

Terathopius

Bateleur

v. 1 • To

compete. 2 • To quarrel over.

l-órrúwúó [North]

Nom sg: l-órruwúó. Acc pl: l-orrúwuon. Nom pl: l-

órūwūōn. n. [North] Kwashiorkor.

ɔl-ɔsáɨ [North] Acc sg: asái. n. Termite. See: o-rírí ‘Termite’. o-sanaŋurruri Acc pl: i-sanang'urrurr. n. Type of bush, with edible fruit that is ripe around November; the purple fruits grow in clusters.

l-ɔsɛ́g [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́sɛg. [North] Acc pl: l-osegîn. [North] Nom

pl: l-ósegîn. n. 1 • [North]

Trick.

2 • [North]

ɔl-ɔsɛ́k

Wrestling move. See: ɔl-ɔsɛ́k ‘Trick’.

Acc pl: il-osekîn. n. Act

of outsmarting, trick; craftiness,

intrigue. Nɛ́ākʉ̄ táatá ɛtagolíkīō doí iyíóók naá aké

amʉ̂ ɛtarákɨ ɛlɛ̂ kúaak oiterúnore ɛnkɛ́ráí peê ɛŋamʉ́ ayiolóú ilosekîn lɛ́ mórúáó ... naá ɨnâ mɛtáa kɛ́bʉlʉ́ aké ɛnkɛráí néméyíólo enkishón é mórúáó

So, nevertheless, we are troubled because the behavior [practice] that begins a child has been abolished so that he comes to know the wangles of elderhood ... and that is how the child will just grow not knowing the life of adulthood. See: aɛsɛ́k ‘To outwit’; l-ɔsɛ́g [North] ‘Trick’.

l-ɔsɨgɨsɨg ́ [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́sɨgɨsɨg .́ n. [North]

this insect crawls and makes straight deep holes.

ɔl-ɔsɨk ́

Insect sp.;

Variant: ol-osiki

?. n. Usage: slang. Snail. See: ɔl-arʉ́kâî; ol-bíkít; sampʉ́lál ;́ ɔ-sɨkɨrâ ̂ ‘Snail’; l-cíŋei [North] ‘Snail’.

ɔl-ɔsɨnkɔ́ n. Centre of a home. l-ɔs ́pa [North] Variant: l-asp ́pa. [North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́sɨpa. n. 1 • [North] Person, fellow. Usage: colloquial. 2 • [North] Bald ridge.

l-ɔs ́r mʉ́nyúáá [North] tawny-flanked prinia.

ɔl-ɔs ́ra

[lɔsɪ ́r mʊnywáá] n. [North]

Bird such as the

Prinia.

Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́sɨra. Acc pl: ɨl-ɔɔ́sɨrá. Nom pl: ɨl-ɔ́ɔsɨrá. n. 1 • [North]

Giraffe. 2 • The one that is dotted. See: ɔl-carkúk; ɔl-mɛʉ́t ‘Giraffe’.

l-osírico [North] mark’.

ol-osiríé

n. The

n. [North]

Secretary. Recent usage.

See: a-s

́r ‘To

first ox or bull which is given to a newly-married woman, usually by her husband. Once given this animal, the bride then begins to request more cattle from the husband and relatives. As she adds up her cattle, she makes marks, typically with cow dung, on a specific part of the animals to help her

identify them in the evening (as they may have other permanent brands from the previous owner). See: a-s ́r ‘To mark’.

ol-ósokuan

Nom sg: ol-ósókuan. Acc pl: il-osókūānī. Nom pl: il-

ósokuaní. n. Buffalo.

enk-ósokuan

1 • Female

buffalo. 2 • Cow. Usage: pejorative.

ɔ́sɔ̂m [North]

[South] Acc sg: ɔ́sɔ̂m. num. Thirty. Borrowed word: ProtoKalenjin/Proto-Southern-Nilotic *sosom < Proto-Baz *sozzom (Heine, Rottland & Vossen 1979:85). See: tomoni

ɔl-ɔsɔsíóm

??. Acc pl: ɨl-ɔɔ́sɔsiom. Nom pl: ɨlɔ́ɔsɔsiom. n. Bridge of the nose. See: ɔl-ɔrɔrɔ́m ‘Bridge of nose’; enkumé ‘Nose’.

ol-ósowuan

Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́sɔsíóm

uní ‘Thirty’.

Nom sg: ol-ósówuan. Acc pl: il-osówuani. Nom pl: il-

ósowuaní. [North] Acc pl: l-osówuaní. [North] Nom pl: nk-ósowuaní. n. Buffalo. Átódúáa apá olósowuan tɛ Maasai Mara. I have seen a buffalo at Maasai Mara. Kóre peê ɛ́dɔ̂l iyíóók lósowuaní nɛ́arári áaɨsɨg. When the buffalos saw us, they ran away fleeing. (SN). Syn: ol-ósokuan ‘Buffalo’; [North] lmáaca ‘Buffalo’. Etymology: Proto-Ongamo-

Maa *-ko-sokwan 'buffalo' (Vossen 1989:196), from Proto-Teso-LotukoMaa *-ko-sokuan 'buffalo' (Vossen 1982:341).

nk-ósowuan [North]

Buffalo cow. 2 • [North] Buffalo, as counted by the herd. See: árrɔ ‘With downward pointing horns’.

l-osúbo [North]

1 • [North]

n. [North]

See: ɔl-tɔ́mɛ́ ‘Elephant’.

Elephant (lit: of the rough skin).

ol-osujú

n. Any

one of the two fingers between the pointing and little fingers or toes.

l-ɔ́sʉ́rmɛ́ [North] n. [North] Cobra. a-ósh v.prog. To beat, hit, slap with an intention to cause pain or injury. aósh ɛnkɛ́ráí naitarrúóyie to beat a child who has erred. This is more gentle than a-ilúg. Ncɔɔ́kɨ ɛnyúntu náóshórīē ɛlɛ̂ mushumáa. Give me a hammer that I can use to drive this nail. aósh oltúálá To ring the bell (lit: to hit the bell). Kítóósho. You hit me. Syn: a-ɨdɔ́ŋ ‘To beat’. See: aár ‘To beat, kill’; a-dám ‘To slap’; a-idóŋ ‘To beat’; a-ikúm; a-ilúg; a-ɨpɔ́ny; a-náŋ ‘To hit’. Usage: a-ɨpɔ́ny would not be used for hitting s.o. with a fist, while a-ósh could be used in that instance. Both a-ɨpɔ́ny and a-ósh could be used when a car runs into sth..

a-ósh ɛnkɔ́lɔŋ Usage: of a light-emiting source. To shine upon. Kéoshíto ɛnkɔ́lɔŋ Karen. The sun is shinning upon

Karen. Note: lk claims that with the form aosh ɛnkɔ́lɔŋ, the object must be overtly stated, and that Kéoshíto ɛnkɔ́lɔŋ is not really acceptable. PERHAPS if there is sth. we are both looking at, and pointing at, we could omit the object. Eóshīshō ɛnkɔ́lɔŋ. The sun shines (upon things).

a-oshú ɛnkɔ́lɔŋ v.dir. To shine upon. Ɛ́ ́sápʉk enkírowuaj ɛ́ táatá amʉ̂ etoóshūō ɛnkɔlɔ́ŋ. The heat is so great

today because it is sunny (lit: it [non-referential?] has hit the sun towards [us]). Etoóshūō ositíma. He [referential] has lit the torch as he comes. Only a directional light source can be the object, which restricts this expression to the sun as the object, or to sth. like a torch. Note: (1) With the ventive form, the sun (or any other light source) is not very acceptable as the Subject for lk. Rather, they must be expressed as the object. (2) The form etoósho cannot occur with the sun as object. (3) The ventive cannot be replaced by the Away directional. (4) With the

progressive form, the sun can be the subject.

a-ósh ɛngárri To drive a car. a-ósh inkíshú To drive off the cows (lit: To beat the cows). a-ósh esímu To make a telephone call. a-ósh emówúó/endúlé/ɛmáalo To blow a horn/a flute/kudu-horn.

a-ósh píshia To take a photograph. a-ósh ripóti To give a report. a-ósh olbísiŋ To blow off the lid, burst. a-ósh enkídoŋ To prophecy (lit: to hit the calabash). a-ósh olkeréri To make a queue. Étóóshô ɨnkɛ́râ olkeréri peê étúmí áatɔɔrɨk ́ ɛndáa. The children have made a queue so that the food can be served to them. (Pk).

a-ósh enkúkúó To cast lots, vote (lit: to hit the charcoal). a-ósh olkiú sápʉk To hold a big meeting (lit: to hit the big hill). Néōshī olkiú sápʉk. They held a big meeting. (lit: They hit a big hill.).

a-oshokí

v.dat. To

spray with force (eg. medicine or pesticide on grain). Páa kéoshóki olówuaru inkík ɛnk ́má. Then the beast sprayed faeces on the fire.

áa-osh en-kúkúó oshî

v.phrase. To

play a guessing-game using a single charcoal piece hidden in the hand; players guess which hand it is in. usually, normally. Kɛ́ ́bɔrr oshî intápuka óltepesi. The flowers of an acacia tree are white. (Pk). Emísímís entîm oshî. The forest is usually dark. (W). Ɛɨságányā oshî aké. He always squats. (W). Kóre oshî ɛnkapʉt ́ ɔɔ́ lMáásâ ̂... So, normally, Maasai engagements... (W). adv. Always,

oshî aké Always. Éjúŋ iláyiok oshî aké inkíshú ɔɔ́

mɛ́nyɛ. Boys always inherit cows from their fathers. (W). oshí táatá en-oshî adj.quant. 1 • Néjo kuík kuík, enoshî kátá éjô ɛdʉmʉ́nyɛ̄... While rising to stand he farted loudly... Ɛtabáutúā dúóó nóoshi pálâ n ́kɨanyɨta. The papers

that we have been waiting for/expecting have arrived. (SN). Ɛtabáutûâ dúóó inooshî pálâ níkianyɨta. The papers that we have been waiting for have arrived. (PK). 2 • Usual.

Néŋor enoshî ŋɔ́ny He pierced (it) at the usual

vein [to draw blood from an animal].

ol-oshô1

Nom: ol-óshô. Acc pl: ɨl-óshōn. Nom.Pl: ɨl-oshón. n. 1 • n. Tribal

section or quasi-political unit; one of the original major units of the Maasai people. Lists of the traditional Maasai ɨl-óshōn names vary from one source to another. TM list the following ('TZ' indicates Tanzania, while the others are primarily located in Kenya): Il-dalalekutuk, Il-damat, Il-keekonyokie, Il-purko, Il-loitai, Il-kaputiei, I-siria, Il-oodokilani, Il-matapato, Ilwuasinkishu, Ilkisongo (TZ), I-sikirari (TZ). In addition to the preceding, other lists have included the following as sections: Il-kankere, Il-moitanik, Il-oitokitoki (according to TM this is an area of southern Kenya into which the Il-kisongo section extends from Tanzania), Il-arusa, Kore (TZ), Parakuyu (or Baraguyu; TZ). Il-Aiser. 2 • n. Nation.

Kɛ́nyɔ́r olóshô ɔltʉŋáni pɔɔk ́ súpat. The society cherishes s.o. who is good. (Pk). Ɔlcaní obô apáké étóóshô olóshô n ́k ́ntáá ́ ɔlaigúénani. The society held 3 • n. Society.

only one meeting and you were made a chief. (Pk). 4 • n. Country. 5 • n. Plateau, flat area. 6 • n. Tribe. See: ol-órere; en-tipat ‘Tribe’. n.prop.

7 • n.prop. Placenames:Area

to the east of Meguarra-Sianna, Narok District, Kenya; Place near Mashura, Kajiado District, Kenya.

Olosho loo l-Aiser

of the il-aiser section. 2 • Placename: near Ilmilili, on the Mau, Narok District, Kenya.

Olosho oibor

n.prop. 1 • Plateau

n. 1 • Plateau

which is white. 2 • Placenames:Place at the south side of the Ngong Hills, about 6 km west of Kisamis, or Olepolos, Kajiado District, Kenya.Place about 8 km north of Meto, Kajiado District, Kenya.Place north of Torosei, Kajiado District, Kenya.

Olosho onyokie

which is red. 2 • Placename: near Loitokitok, Kajiado District, Kenya.

ɛnk-ɔ́shɔkɛ

n. 1 • Plateau

Nom sg: ɛnk-ɔ́shɔ́kɛ. Acc pl: ɨnk-

́ ́shuaa. [Purko] Acc pl: ɨnkɔ́shuak. [Purko] Nom pl: ɨnk-ɔ́ ́shúaa. Variant: ink-óíshua. [North] Acc sg: kɔ́cɛkɛ. n. 1 • Stomach, belly. Kɛ́yá ɛnkɛ́ráí ɛnkɔ́shɔkɛ. The child has a stomach-ache (lit: The stomach takes the child.). 2 • Usage: plural. a • Intestines. b • The mass of organs which are removed from the belly of a slaughtered animal (intestines, stomach, etc.). c • Space left when the intestines and other belly-contents are removed from a slaughtered animal. 3 • Slope of a hill or mountain; protruding side parts of a hill or mountain. ɛnkɔ́shɔkɛ sápuk a big hill (stomach, etc.).

space inside a container such as a cup, pot. ɛnkɔ́shɔkɛ ɛ́ motí The inside space or cavity of a pot. 4 • The

inside bottom of a container; floor. Káke sapúkí isóito otií ɛnkɔ́shɔkɛ ɔ́ lkɛjʉ́. But the rocks that were on the floor of the river were so big. (lit: But the rocks that were on the stomach of the leg were big.) (Pk). 5 • The

6 • Underside.

ɛnkɔ́shɔ́kɛ ɛ́ ngárri The underside of a car;

chasis. This is metaphorically based on the "animal" model, as the underside of a car is analogous to the underside/stomack of a fourlegged animal. See: atûâ ɛ́ ngárri ‘The inside of a car (where the seats are)’.

ɛnk-ɔ́shɔkɛ ɛ́ n-kɛ́rá ́

Usage: colloquial?. A

woman is colloquially said to have two stomachs: one for food, and one for a child.Uterus (lit: stomach of the child).

ɛnk-ɔ́shɔkɛ ɔ́ lálá ́ Inside surface of the front teeth; grinding surface of premolars and molars.

o-rióŋ ó lálá ́

1 • Externally-facing

surface of the front or back

teeth. 2 • Part of the face close to the soft cheek or lip tissues.

a-atá ɛnk-ɔ́shɔkɛ To be a glutton (lit: to have a stomach). a-ló ɛnk-ɔ́shɔkɛ To have diarrhoea (lit: to go the stomach). a-ɨbɔ́r ɔ́shɔ́kɛ To be kind (lit: to be white (as to) the stomach). a-rɔ́k ɔ́shɔ́kɛ To be unkind, mean (lit: to be black (as to) the stomach).

a-naná ɔ́shɔ́kɛ To be compassionate, loving, kind (lit: to be soft (as to) the stomach).

a-gól ɔ́shɔ́kɛ To be courageous (lit: to be hard (as of) the stomach).

ɛnabɔ́shɔ́kɛ

‘Stomach’. Heart. See: ɛm-pɔ́lɔs ‘Belly’; ɛnkayá ‘Stomach, intestines’; ɛm-búlátí ‘Stomach, intestines’; ɨmány ́t ‘Intestines’. Usage: ɛnk-ɔ́shɔ́kɛ is the most commonlyused word for stomach..

ɛnk-ɔ́shɔ́lá ́

Syn: ɔl-áróí

n. 1 • Piece

of lead, money-coin, silver. 2 • Metal round ornament worn on the leg. See: nk-ɔ́cɔ́lá ́ [North] ‘Solder’; a-shɔ́l ‘To melt’.

ɔl-ɔshɔmɔ́ n.r. Deceased person; one who has passed away. a-oshoó v. 1 • To drive away.

2 • To

ol-oshoró

"borrow" in absence of owner.

Nom sg: ol-óshoró. Acc pl: il-oshôr. Nom pl: il-óshor. n.

Porridge.

Borrowed word: Kikuyu

ũcũrũ 'gonel'.

ol-óshóróí n. Senior warrior. ɨl-óshōn n.pl. Traditional Maasai political section or division. See: ɔloshô ‘Section’.

-ot

asp. Perfect(ive)

-ót

nmlz. Variant

a-ɔ́t -óte

or subjunctive plural; variant of -at, used with middle-form verbs. N ́m ́k ́ncɔ̂ aké nɨnyɛ́ méínepunotó. We do not let them meet each other. of -at, plural nominalizer for active verbs. at ‘Nominalizer’. [North]: a-ót. v. To

scoop out.

Variant: -éte. In some suffixed forms: -ótek. voi. Middle

perfect(ive) plural suffix. Kénotótekí áanyɔrrakino People met together to agree.

nk-ɔ́tɛ́rr [North]

[North] Nom sg: nk-ɔtɛ́rr. [North] Acc pl: nk-ɔtɛrrí.

Variant: nk-oterrin. n. [North]

ɔt 1́

See: -

about 1 cm. wide.

Bead belt worn by arriors and girls,

Nom sg: ɔ́tɨ. Acc pl: ɔɔ́t .̄ Nom pl: ɔ́ɔt .́ [Purko] Nom sg: ɔ́t .̂ adj n.r. 1 • Young

in age (masc). Ɛg ́ra ɔláyíóní ɔ́t ̂ ajúŋ olbótór otúá. The junior boy is inheriting from the senior boy who is dead. (Pk). ɔlcaní ɔt ́ a young tree. Ɛg ́ra ɔlɔ́ ́ŋɔ́n ́ ɔ́tɨ apʉ́sh aɨr ́sh ɨlkʉl ́kā ̄. The young bull is getting aroused to fight the ́ tɛrɛʉ́ ɨlashɔ́ ɛndâ wúâs peê ɨdɔlɨdɔ́lɔ others. (Pk). Ɛn ɨlɔɔ́t ̄ tɛ nɛ́ ́rāg. [ɛ̀ndá wwàs] You all take the calves to that plain so that you can see when the small ones rest. (Pk). Ɔt ́ ɔláyíóní káke ḿmɛ kinyí. The boy is young but not small. (W). See: kinyí; kɨt ́ ‘Small’. 2 • New.

Enótokí ɔlɔt ́ túmuret lɛ́mɛ̂ siî dúóó ɛncán ɛ

tóki. We have gotten some early, short, sporadic rain, not

really significant. (Pk). Note: ɛncán ɛ tóki = rain of sth. Usage: ɔt ́

could not be applied to items like cars.. See: ŋéjúk ‘New’.

ɔl-ɔt 2́

n. n. Relatively

long, slender gourd, either on or off the plant, not yet prepared for holding a liquid. 2 • n. Gourd prepared for liquid, typically used for fresh milk. In size, larger than en-kúkúrí.

ɛnk-ɔt ́ Gourd, smaller than en-kúkúrí. See: en-kúkúrí ‘Calabash’. a-otikí v v.aux+Simple-Infinitive. To do sth. intentionally; to do on purpose.

l-ótim [North]

l-otími. [North] Nom pl: l-otímí, l-ótimí. n. Baboon. See: ɔ-ɛ́kɛny ‘Baboon’.

L-otími [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ótîm. [North] Acc pl: l-ótimí, [North] Nom pl: L-ótimí. n.pl. [North]

másʉ́lá phratry.

A clan in the L-

l-ɔtɨrɨkɔ́p [North] [North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́tɨrɨkɔ́p. n. [North] Sternum. ol-otíroi n. Wound that does not heal. -oto nmlz. Variant of -ata Nominalizer used in +ATR contexts. inkínyíáŋúnotó buying. Otó [North] n. [North] Home of the Samburu in the late 19th

e-otô

century, around the time the Lmaríkón and Lteritó were warriors; probably just north of Lake Turkana. See: L-maríkóí; Ltérítóí [North] ‘Age-set’. v.pf. 1 • Perfect(ive)

of a-ó(k) 'to be ripe ripe, ready (eg. to eat), done'. Eóto kʉlɔ́ nyɛ́nyâ olɛ̂ŋ. These tomatos are overripe. (W). Eyáwúá ŋolé n ́n ́ oltulét olotó ailísh aɨtáá enkúkúrí. Yesterday my mother brought a gourd in its natural state so as to make a usable gourd out of it. (Pk). 2 • To be curdled (of milk). See: a-ó ‘To be ripe, have ripened’.

ôl-otonu ol-otóroi

n. Hyena. See: ɔl-ŋɔj

́nɛ ‘Hyena’.

[òlòtóɾoy] Nom sg: ol-ótoróí. Acc pl: il-otórok. Nom pl: il-ótorok.

Variant: ʉtʉ́rʉki. [North] Acc sg: l-otórôî. [North] Nom sg: l-ótorôî. [North] Acc pl: l-otóro. [North] Nom pl: l-ótoro. n. Bee,

honey-bee. Áataŋoró

olótoróí. The bee stung me. (W). lotórôî sórôî Worker bees (S). See: ol-otórokî ‘Bee’; mús ‘Swarm of bees’. Etymology:

Proto-

Ongamo-Maa *-ko-toroi 'bee' (Vossen 1989:195), from Proto-Lotuko-Maa

ko-tor- 'bee' (Vossen 1982:331).

ol-otórokî

*-

Nom sg: ol-ótórokî. Acc pl: il-otórok. Nom pl: il-ótorok. n. Bee,

honey-bee. Ɛt́ ámányá ilótorok oldídoŋ lɛnyɛ̂. The bees have occupied their bee-hive. (Pk). See: ol-otóroi ‘Bee’.

ol-otunó

n. Warrior

selected from different clans within a community to be an overall leader. He ushers the warriors into junior elderhood and he is the first one to marry in that age-set. (lit: the one who has planted). Ɔlotunó apá ɔ́ ́tɛrá ayamɨshɔ́ tɔɔ́ IlKɨshɨl ́ pɔɔk ́. Olotuno was the first one to marry in the IlKishili age-set. (Pk). This is a name given to one of the leaders of a Maasai age-group. Ol-otunó is said to shoulder all of his age set's sins. See: (ɔ)l-aúnoni ‘Age-set leader’; ɔlaigúɛ́nani ‘Age-set leader’; ɔl-ɔbɔrʉ́ ɛnkɛɛnɛ́ ‘Leader’; ɔl-ɔpɔlɔ́sɨ ɔlk ́tɛ́ŋ; ɔl-ɔɨshɔ́rʉ ɛnkárná ólpórrôr ɔ́lají. ‘Age-set name-giver’.

-ótúó [North] [North] Irregular Perfect(ive) plural of a-lotú 'to come'.

ol-oturoí ol-oúdo

See: -etuo ‘Come

n. A

(Perfective)’.

disease of the skin.

Nom sg: ol-óudo. Acc pl: il-oóudó. Nom pl: il-óoudó. n. 1 • Hip

joint (lit: the one that is open). 2 • [West] Buttock, rump.

a-oʉ́k v. To turn. See: a-dám ‘To turn’; óu ‘Come!’. ol-ouré kokóyo [West] Acc sg: ɛn-ɛʉrɛ́ kɔkɔ́yɔ. n. Ankle bone; bones

óū

which protrude on both sides of the ankle (lit: the-one-whichfears-Kikuyus). See: e-múrt ɛ́ nkɛ́jʉ́ ‘Ankle’; ɛ-rʉbatá ɛ nkɛ́jʉ́ ‘Ankle’; ol-aidóloki ‘Ankle’; l-aibelái ‘Ankle’. singular of the verb 'come'. Óū! Come! eu ‘Come (Perfect(ive), Subjn)’; a-lotú ‘Come’.

v.imp. Imperative

l-ówua [North]

See: -

[North] Nom sg: l-ówûâ. [North] Acc pl: l-ówūān. [North]

Nom pl: l-owúán. n. [North]

Small mountain (not larger than the Ngong Hills); mountain. Usage: generic term. kɔ́ɔdɔ́ alɛ́ ówûâ olêŋ. This hill/mountain is very tall. (SN). Rrûk néméíshó iyioó mátɔdɔ́l lówua. It is the dust that is preventing us from seeing the mountain. (SN). See: ol-dóínyó ‘Mountain’.

nk-ówua [North] [North] Small mountain. owuarú1 Acc pl: ówúárâk. adj. 1 • Light red-brown with camouflage

effect; golden; potentially a mixture of many colors including dark gray. 2 • Beastlike, carnivorous. wanting to consume everything around. enkitók owarú A greedy woman. ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ owarú A cow that feeds excessively. 3 • Greedy,

ol-owuarú2

Nom sg: ol-ówuaru. [West] Nom sg: ol-ówuarú. Acc pl: il-

ówúárâk. Nom pl: il-owuarák. [North] Acc sg: l-owuorú. n. 1 • Carnivorous, agressive animal, such as a lion, cheetah, leopard, hyena. Ɛg ́rá ́ áaipukie inkíshú mɛ́nya ilowuarák. The people are putting the cows into a flight so that they are not eaten by the beasts of prey (eg. lions). (Pk). See: a-wúár ‘To lash out’; e-ŋûɛ̂s ‘Animal’; ɔl-cáŋitó [Purko] ‘Animal’. 2 • Lion-skin headdress. 3 • Person or animal with a beast-like character. In W, this connotes one who is ravenous and eats a lot, especially meat. Etymology: Proto-Maa 'predacious animal'; Proto-Ongamo-Maa *-kowwaru 'beast, wild' (Vossen 1989:194), from Proto-Lotuko-Maa *-kouwor- 'leopard', from Proto-Eastern Nilotic *-ko-gwor- 'leopard' (Vossen 1982:389).

enk-owarú A female beast. ol-owuarú kerî Nom sg: ol-ówūārū kéri. Acc pl: il-ówúárák kerîn. Nom pl: il-owuarák

kérin. Leopard (lit: spotted/striped carnivore). See: l-nyárrá ‘Cheetah’.

ol-owuarú mára

Nom sg: olówuarú

márá. Acc pl: il-ówúárák mára. Variant: il-ówúárák márai. Nom pl: il-ówuarú márá. n. 1 • Carnivorous, aggressive animal (lit: spotted carnivore). 2 • Leopard. panthera pardus. ilówúárák

mára oaáre two leopards (W). ilówúárâk márai ɔááre two leopards (W). Etíī olówuarú márâ ɛmpɔ́lɔs ólóítíkó ɔ́ lásʉ́ráí. The leopard is between the zebra and the snake. (W). See: mára ‘Dotted, patchy’.

l-owuorú [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ówuoru. [North] Acc pl: l-ówúárâk.

[North] Nom pl: l-owuarák. n. [North]

[North] ‘Predator’.

Predator, beast.

See: n-kítálâ

l-owuorú kerî [North] [North] Leopard. l-owuorú ŋirô [North] [North] Hyena. See: ol-kónôî ‘Hyena’. nk-ɔ́y ́ágɛ́ [North] [North] Nom sg: nk-ɔyɨagɛ́. [North] Acc pl: nkɔy ́ágɛn. n. [North] Burchell's zebra. óítíkó ‘Zebra’.

l-ɔ́yɨɛtɛ [North] -ɔ́yɔ

See: ol-óíyiote ‘Wisdom

tooth’.

́ɛ́tɛ. n. [North] Wisdom tooth.

of the 'away' directional -áa. K ́ncɔɔ́yɔ entítō. We will give out the girl (for marriage). (W). Á ́shɔ́ɔy ́ ɔ̄ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ ánaaké. I give a cow everyday. (W). See: -áa ‘Away’. dir. Variant

ol-oyíápaséi óyie

[North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́y

Equus burchelli. See: ol-

Nom sg: ol-óyíápaséi. Acc pl: il-oyiapase. Nom pl: il-

óyíápasé. n. Type of plant.

address for a group of boys; plural of eérō. Óyiḕ ɛ́ntɨgɨl ɛlɛ̂ óito peê ɨdɔlɨdɔ́lɔ entólīt natíī. Boys, break this bone so that you can see the marrow in it. (Pk). Lóyîê, ɛ́ntasʉ́pa! Boys, hello! See: eérō ‘Boy (voc.)’. voc. An

-óyie dir. Away. See: -a5 ‘Away’. óyiete [North] [North] Nom sg: óyíéte. n. [North] Riddle. See: óyiote ‘Riddle’.

óyíéto n. Riddle. l-óyíópó [North]

Vagabond, vagrant, loiterer. See: olkíríkóí ‘Vagrant, vagabond’; ol-wúshúwúshí ‘Vagrant, vagabond’; l-máásháí [North] ‘Vagrant, vagabond’; ɔl-cánkílí ‘Loiterer, donkey’.

ol-óyiote

n. [North]

Nom sg: ol-óyíote. Acc pl: ɨl-oyíótīāā. Nom pl: ɨl-óyiotiaá. n.

Riddle. A riddle is introduced by calling óyioto. The listener responds éwuo 'It has come!'.

Ɔ-ɔ ɔ Letter representing the Maa mid back non-advanced tongue root vowel /ɔ/.

o Letter representing the Maa mid back advanced tongue root vowel /o/.

a-ó [North]

v.pf. [North]

To have gone dry; suppletive Perfect(ive) form of a-eyí 'to go dry'. Kéó. It went dry. (S). See: a-eyí [North] ‘To go dry’.

-o

voi. Nonperfective

-o

Variant: -ɔ. In some suffixed forms: -ok,

-ô

asp. Plural

ɔ

-ɔ

Middle voice suffix. +ATR variant of -a. a ‘Nonperfect(ive) Middle’.

See: -

-ɔk. asp. Allomorph of Perfect(ive) and Subjunctive aspect suffix -a(k). "Lɔ́ mʉrraní túkurto iyíóók "You warrior, stir us.". See: -a1.

perfect(ive) aspect suffix; +ATR variant of -â. Enkiní

mɛ́nɛ́ŋaní ɛnyɛ̂ kítuputô naárrɨ áaɨtaa ɔlaigúɛ́nani.

It was his young man (corpse) that we annointed those days to be the age-set leader. (KS). See: -^ ‘Plural’; -â ‘Plural perfective aspect’; -a(k) ‘Perfect(ive) aspect’.

Variant: o. conj. Clitic

which preceedes time adverbials or the subjunctive m-, to indicate that the main clause event continues until the time or situation indicated by the time adverbial of subjunctive clause event. odúóó until today. ɔ tɛnákatá up until now. Nɛ́m ̄r aké ɔmɛ́ ̄nɛ̄pʉ̄. He chased him until he caught up with him. Ɛg ́ra arrɛtɛ́n omeéu doí nabô olôŋ néípoto lɛ́lɔ̂ apʉták. He continued preparing until the day came (that) he called those in-laws. Nɛ́ ̄bʉ̄ŋ enkóítóí ɔmɛtɔ́ɔrɔtɔ́. He followed the path until it (lit: they) divide.

In some suffixed forms: -ɔr. dir. 1 • Motion-away

verb suffix.

a-ó

2 • Distributive

aspect. See: -a ‘Away directional’.

bleed. Tɛ́ɛna enetuduŋó ɛnkalɛ́m méítokí awó. Put a bandage on the area that the knife has cut so that it won't keep bleeding. (Pk). Eô táatá. It will bleed (or leak) today. Kéo enkíne. The goat will bleed. Kág ́ra aó. I am bleeding. Ká ́táo ɛnkíné I will make the goat bleed. Kéitáóī enkíné. The goat will be made to bleed. Etawê. He has bled.

Variant: a-wó. v. 1 • To

leak. Ínyíóo tʉ́mʉra ɛnkají méítokí awó. Get up and plaster the roof of the house so it won't keep leaking. (Pk). 3 • To clot. 2 • To

a-woú e-ó

make bleed, tap (a vein). Níwóu ɔsárgɛ́ láí, You tap my blood. (KS). v.incep. To

In some suffixed forms:: -ok. Variant: e-wó(k). PL.PF: áa-oto. v.pf. 1 • (To)

have ripened. Ewó ɛlɛ̂ ŋánayíóî amʉ̂ ɛ́tɔ́dɔ́rɔ́. This fruit has ripened because it is red. Kéóo. It has ripened. (S). Kéóto. They have ripened. (S). cook until ready to eat. Íntoó ɛndáa. Cook the food until ready. 3 • To turn sour, curdle (of milk). See: a-kú ‘To become ripe’; aokú ‘To become ripe’. 2 • (To)

a-itók v.cause. Káítok orŋanayíóî. I will make the fruit ripen. Kéítokí olŋanayíói. The fruit will be made to ripen. a-okú v.incep. To ripen. Kéóku orŋánayíóî. The fruit will ripen. -o

(-K Pk). See: a-kú ‘To ripen (Nonperfective)’.

v.mid. 1 • (To)

be ripe. Eó táatá. It is ripe today. (Pk).

be ready to eat (ie. fully cooked). Kɛ́wɔ. The food is ready. (S). 2 • (To)

be ready. Usage: bees. Eóto ɨlɔ́tɔrɔk. The bees are ready (to be harvested for honey). (W). 3 • To

be fermented, coagulated. Usage: milk. Eóto nɛnâ lɛ̂. That milk is fermented. (W). Óre eotô, ́mpɔshá amʉ̂ kɛ́j ̄ŋ ɛɨlatá. When it coagulates, shake it because fat will be formed. (KS). This verb indicates that the milk is nicely ready to drink, not spoiled. This verb cannot be applied to beer. 4 • (To)

ɔ́2

Neiriamari nabô ɔlɔ́ŋ ɔlpáyian (i)nkíshú ɔ́ esiankíki ɛnyɛ́. One day, an old man and his newly-wedded bride went to graze cattle. Nɛ́yá inkíshú ɛnyɛ̂ ó isirkôn. He took their cows and donkies. Mmeyíéúní esúnkúreisho tiátua ɛrámátarɛ ɔ́ ɛ́mbɔ́ ́ta. Guile is not wanted in living and working together. (Pk). kʉnâ tapʉ́ka aré ɔ ɛ́nda moríjóí these two flowers and that pink one (W). Note: optionally [wɛ́nda] ɨntapʉ́ka aré sapúkī olêŋ ɔ ɛ́nkɨt ́ nabô two very big flowers and one small one (W). ɨntapʉ́ka aré sikítō sapúkī ɔ ɛ́nkɨt ́ olêŋ

Variant: ó. prep. 1 • And.

two big yellow flowers and a very small one (W). Note: The 'very small one' may be a flower of any color, not restricted to yellow. entítō ɔ́ lpayíán a girl and a man (homophonous with 'a girl of the man', ie. the man's daughter). along with. Ɛshɔmɔ́ ɨlmʉ́rrân áasotu ɨmbáa te wúéjî nɛ́taararɛ̂ ɔ́ lmaŋátī ŋolé. The warriors have gone to collect arrows from where they fought with the enemies yesterday. (W). See: náa ‘And’; ɔ́1 ‘Masculine possessor’. 2 • Associatve,

ɔ ɔ-1

prt. Emphatic.

Óre siî ɔ nánʉ́ nɛ́māyīēū ɨna álánó. I also do

not want that ineptitude. (Pk).

Nom sg: ɔ́-. [West] Acc sg: a-. pn.b rel. Masculine

singular relativizer; who.

M ́ncɔ k ́lɛ́j ́, amʉ̂ mɛáta ɔltʉŋáni oyíólo ajó etubúlūā dúóó. Do not let anyone deceive you because there is no one who knows when he grows. Lmʉ́rráni otupútuak ́ alɛ́. This is the warrior who was woken up. Éíniniŋó ɔlɔɨrɔr ́ta. Listen to the one who is speaking. (W).

ɔldóínyó ɔ́ ́bɔ̄rr the white mountain (Mt. Kilimanjaro). Álɔ̂ taá ayíóni áadorú? Which of the (two or more boys) [is the one] who will be taller? (W). Éíniniŋó ɔlɔɨrɔ́. Listen to the ɔ-2

ɔ́1

one who is going to speak/who always speaks. (W). See: n- ‘Feminine relativizer’; ɔɔ́- ‘Masculine plural relativizer’.

Variant: o-. pn.b. North

Maa (Samburu) variant of the third person bound pronominal prefix, occurring before stems with back stem-initial vowels; he, she, they. Kóron nkíshu anapârr. The cows will go without water today. (SN). Kópuonú. They will come. (SN). Kɔ́pʉ́dárɛ́ nanká lpʉrankéti. The cloth/bed sheet is together with the blanket. (SN). See: ɛ- ‘Third person bound pronominal prefix’.

Nom sg: ɔ́. Acc pl: ɔɔ́. Nom pl: ɔ́ɔ. [South] Acc sg: á. psr.prt. 1 • Of;

possessive particle indicating that a following noun is masculine, singular, and the possessor of the immediately preceding noun. The possessive (genitive) form codes a range of semantic relations, including ownership, part-whole composing substance, type, partitive, etc. nkâŋ ɔ́ ŋuesi game reserve (lit: home of beasts). ɛnkɔŋʉ́ ó sitíma Bulb of a torch. emúá tɔrrɔ́nɔ̂ ɔ́ lcaní bad type of tree. ɛmpɔ́lɔs ɔ́ ltʉŋáni the middle (waist) of the person. entítō ɔ́ lpayíán a girl of the man (ie. the man's daughter). Ɛnɔ́ rk ́tɛ́ŋ ɛnâ kɛ́ɛnɛ. This leather strap belongs to the ox. (Pk). 2 • The possessive particle expresses the relation between a nominalized transitive verb and its object. ɛyɨɛratá ó loshoró cooking of porrige. enturoré ɔ́ ngumót digging of holes. ɨlpáp ́t ló lmelíl hair of the neck. See: ɛ́ ‘Singular possessive particle Feminine and Place genders; also used for Masculine gender’; ɔ́2 ‘Associative’.

ɔ aashʉ̂ ɔ arashʉ̂

conj. Alternative conj. Or. See: ɔ

conjunction; or.

aashʉ̂ ‘or’.

See: aashʉ̂; ɔ

arashʉ̂ ‘Or’.

ɔ m-

ɔáre obô

conj. Adverbial

subordinate conjunction complex indicating

extent; until. Kérūk ɨlMaasá ́ ɛntál ́pá ɛ papaí linó o menótō ewúéji neiŋúāā apá Maasai scrutinize the historical background of your father until they find the place he was from. (KS). (Masculine). ɨltʉ́ŋánák ɔáre two people. See: aáre ‘Two (Masculine)’. [ɔááre] num. Two

(masculine). Eyéwuo dúóó oltúkútuk ónapɨta ɔlpayíán obô. A motor-cycle that was carrying one man came. (Pk). Nom sg: óbō. num. 1 • One

(masculine). Ádɔ́l ́ta kʉlɔ̂ payianí ɔáre tasátī ɔ́ ɛ́ldɛ obô. I see these two old men and that one. (W). 2 • One

nabô One (feminine). k-ɔ́bɔ́ ́ta ɔ́ŋʉ [North]

adj. Usage: euphemistic. [North]

Polite word to refer to a person who uses only one eye after the other one has been damaged or removed (lit: the one who is with eye). See: a-boitá ‘To be with’; ɔl-ɔkúrto ɔ́ŋʉ ‘Person with damaged eye’; ɛnk-ɔŋʉ́ ‘Eye’.

l-obolkíik [North] n. [North] Dung-beetle (lit: of dung-opener). l-obolkík [North] n. [North] Beetle. ɔl-ɔbɔrʉ́ ɛn-kɛɛnɛ́ Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́bɔrʉ́ ɛn-kɛɛnɛ́. [North] Acc sg: l-abarʉ́

nkɛɛnɛ́. n. Leader; s.o. who unifies a group (lit: the one who cuts out a strap). The ɔl-ɔbɔrʉ́ ɛn-kɛɛnɛ́ is chosen prior to the e-únótó ceremony and is honored with a knotted leather strap that symbolizes his age set. By the end of warriorhood, this knot will be untied to free the warriors from their isolated world and enable them to do things independently without other age mates. See: olotunó ‘Age-group leader’.

ɔl-ɔbɔrʉ́ ŋɔtɔnyɛ́

n. One

who is cunning (lit: one who is cut out/carved [by] his/her mother). Táara ɔlɔbɔrʉ́ ŋɔtɔnyɛ́. Dodge it cunningly/Fight using your imagination. (lit: Fight

(like) one who is mother-carved.). The expression ɔlɔbɔrʉ́ ŋɔtɔnyɛ́ is perhaps most likely to be used when there is some opposition. The opposition need not be physical, but is one where one needs to use his mind. Even if one is not as strong as s.o. else, by using his brain he may still win. See: a-bɔ́r ‘To cut’; ŋɔ́tɔ́nyɛ́ ‘Mother’.

a-óc [North] v. [North] To beat, hit, strike. See: a-ósh ‘To hit’. a-ocoó [North] v.dir. [North] To take animals in the absence of the owner but not without notifying him.

nk-ɔ́cɛkɛ [North]

[North] Nom sg: nk-ɔ́cɛ́kɛ. [North] Acc pl: nk-ócuaa.

[North] Nom pl: nk-ócúaa. n. 1 • [North] 2 • [North]

belly, stomach.

Womb. 3 • [North] The area beside (eg. a river, mountain). See: ɛnkɔ́shɔkɛ ‘Stomach’.

ocí [North] adv. [North] Usually, regularly. See: oshî ‘Usually’. l-ɔcɨrtɨt ́ [North] [North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́cɨrtɨt .́ n. [North] Place where children slide down a hillside; slide. slip, slide’; a-ɨshɨrt ́t ‘To slip, slide’.

nk-ɔ́cɔ́lá ́ [North]

See: a-ɨcɨrt

́t [North] ‘To

[North] Nom sg: nk-ɔcɔlá .́ [North] Acc pl: nk-ɔ́cɔla.

[North] Nom pl: nk-ɔ́cɔ́la. n. [North]

Solder used by blacksmiths. See: ɛnk-ɔ́shɔ́lá ́ ‘Metal coin’; a-cɔ́l [North] ‘To melt’.

l-ocoró [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ócoró. n. [North]

oshoró ‘Porridge’; n-kurumá [North].

ócótó [North]

See: ol-

[North] Nom sg: ocotó. [North] Acc pl: ocót. [North] Nom

pl: ocót. n. [North]

ol-ódí

Porridge.

A hit, strike.

See: a-óc

[North] ‘To hit’.

Nom sg: ol-ódī. [North] Nom sg: l-odí. [North] Acc pl: l-odîn. n. 1 • Plastic

bangle put on the wrist of the arm; it can also be broken to fit into the earlobe. Kényokíé olódī ɔaata enkáyíóní té nkíōk. The bangle the boy has on his ear is red. 2 • [North] Earring. See: bánkíli.

l-lódí [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-odí. [North] Acc pl: l-odîn. n. 1 • [North]

Bracelet, such as a plastic bangle. 2 • [North] Earring.

l-odidíóí [North] n. [North] Barbet. l-odíjóí [North] [North] Nom sg: l-ódijôî. [North] Acc pl: l-odíjô. n. Trachyphonus erythocephalus. [North]

l-ódo [North]

n. 1 • [North]

a-ɔdɔ́ [North]

v.s. [North]

Red and yellow barbet.

Type of song sang by old men. 2 • [North] An elder's dance. See synonyms at: See: l-aparasíyíó [North] ‘Type of song sung by somen’. To be linearly extended in one dimension; tall, long. See: a-adɔ́ ‘To be tall, long’.

l-ɔdɔ́ [North]

n. [North]

Blood.

Etymology: Internal reconstruction and

a-

dɔ́-rʊ̀ for Lokoya (Vossen 1982ː411) suggests earlier *dɔr, though Vossen gives Proto-Lotuko-Maa *-dɔ- 'be red' (Vossen 1982:411).. See: ɔsárgɛ́ ‘Blood’; a-adɔ́ ‘To be red’.

ɔl-ɔdɔ́

In some suffixed forms: -ɔdɔr. n. 1 • The

2 • Tea

without milk.

one (masc) that is red.

l-ɔdɔ́ [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́dɔ. [North] Acc pl: l-ɔdɔ̂n. [North] Nom pl: l-

ɔl-ɔdɔ́ lɛ́ nkɔp

n. 1 • The

ɔ́dɔn. n. [North] Blood (of humans or animals). The germ sárgɛ́ is rare or is considered Maasai. See: ɔ-sárgɛ́ ‘Blood’; a-dɔ́ ‘To be blood-red’. abyss; endless pit believed to exist at the furthest point under the earth (lit: the red of the earth). 2 • The place one talks about sending an item when it has died or when one is fed-up with it. Usage: derog. See: eúlulû ‘Bottomless pit, valley’.

ɔl-ɔdɔ́ nk-ajijík Place where one can drink alcoholic beverages (lit: the one of red houses).

l-ódóŋdóŋ [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-odoŋdɔ́ŋ. [North] Acc pl: l-

odoŋdoŋí. [North] Nom pl: l-ódoŋdoŋí. n. [North] Wooden bell, worn by camels and small stock. See: l-ókórkór [North]; Wooden bell.

ɔl-ɔ́dɔ́ŋ ́dɔ́ŋ

Nom sg: ɔl-ɔdɔŋɨdɔ́ŋ. Acc pl: il-odoŋidoŋí. Nom pl: il-

ódoŋidoŋí. n. Wooden bell for goats.

See: ol-túálá ‘Bell’.

ol-odoo

n. Noise. See: o-róréí ‘Word’; ɔ-lɔlɛpɨlɛp

ol-odúá

[North] Acc sg: l-odûâ. [North] Nom sg: l-ódua. [North] Acc pl: l-odûân.

[North] ‘Noise’; ol-buaá ‘Harrangue’. [North] Nom pl: l-óduan. n. 1 • Bile, 2 • Gallbladder.

́ ‘Noise’; l-oilɛmɨlɛm ́

gall.

Náa ́nâ mueyíán apá náawá ɨltʉ́ŋáná kúmok olêŋ aláŋ olodúá ó lameyu. ... and that was the 3 • Rinderpest.

disease that killed many people, more than rinderpest and drought. 4 • Bitterness. See: a-dúá ‘To be bitter’.

óê [North]

interj. [North]

Yes? What? Usage: used by men. See: eóó [North] ‘Yes? What? (used by women)’.

l-ɔ́gɛ́sána [North] n. [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́gɛsána. [North] Acc pl: l-ɔgɛsananí.

Old time skirt made of goatskin leather. ákɛ́sɛ́na ‘Skirt’.

ol-ogól

n. 1 • Main

See: ɔl-

fire log used to sustain a fire; log cut to length for

burning. 2 • Branches for closing the gate. See: ol-tím ‘Branches for closing the gate’; leŋóti ‘Main fire log’.

ol-ogól tîm

[òlòɡól tìm] n. Species

of tree with very hard branches; used to close the gate for cows.

l-ogolí [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ógolí. [North] Acc pl: l-ogolîn. [North] Nom

pl: l-ógolîn. n. [North]

Woman's ornament with glass beads. See: em-porrôî ‘Woman's bead ornament’.

ɛnk-ogóŋi

n. Hot-temperedness,

being easily angered. See: engogóŋi ‘Hot-temperedness’; a-gogóŋ ‘To be hot-tempered’.

l-ɔɨbákunói [North] envy.

Nom sg: l-ɔ́

See: o-lôm ‘Jealousy’.

́bákunói. n. [North] Jealousy,

l-ɔɨbɛ́lâ ̂ [North]

́bɛlâ .̂ [North] Acc pl: l-ɔɨbɛ́la. [North] Nom pl: l-ɔ́ ́bɛlá. n. [North] Ankle joint.

ol-oibóni

[North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́

Nom sg: ol-óíboni. Variant: ol-óíbóní. Acc pl: il-oibónok. Nom

pl: il-óíbonok. Variant: ɔibónɨ; aibóni. n. Ritual

expert, medicine man, prophet, diviner who has the highest rank in Maasai society. Ɛshɔmɔ́ ɨlmʉ́rrán oloibóni mɛtámāy ̄ān ̄. The warriors have gone to the fortune-teller to be blessed. Eibóníto olóíboni ɔlárrabal. The diviner is divining the war. (W). An ol-oibóni is normally a man of about fifty years of age who has the highest rank in society because he is believed to have supernatural powers to heal, bless, undo witchcraft, and to mediate between God and man. The main functions of an ol-oibóni are: 1. Making predictions; 2. Advising and blessing warriors with regards to the success of their battles; 3. Concocting and undoing curses: If s.o. is cursed, ol-oibóni can figure out who made the curse, and what action the person should take to undo it, or he can give out medicine to cure the curse; 4. Searching for the cause of diseases that are especially challenging. He ascribes his position from his deceased father and will maintain it until he passes it on to his eldest son just before his death. The Maasai may have only one or two ol-oibóni at a time, and every section of the Maasai will visit him at certain days of the month. Ol-oibóni is no longer very powerful, but in previous years he was the most prominent person in Maasai society. Still nowadays, warriors will not go to war without first consulting with ol-oibóni. Also, other people will go to see oloibóni: If s.o. cannot understand the cause for sth. that has happened, or wants to know what might happen in the future, he will go to ol-oibóni, who will give him magic/explanation, or ɛnáíbón. Ol-oibóni can explain why there is a problem, or who placed a curse on the individual (ɛn-áíbón). He can also possibly explain why another person placed a curse on that individual, and what the person should do to get the curser to undo his curse. He is also known to curse if consulted to do so. He will only be able to perform his duties under the influence of alcohol. His consultation

fee is always paid in form of cows (usually 49). In traditional Maasai society there have been and still are famous ink-oibónok (women who have the role of ɛnk-oibóni), as for instance Sekenan, who lived near Magadi. Il-oibónok use en-kidoŋ (calabashes) to carry small objects used in divination.

enk-oibóni Prophetess. Li oibóni! O ritual expert! See: aibón ‘To exercise the office of ritual expert’; enkídoŋ ‘Calabash’; ɔl-abáani ‘Healer’; ol-kuyantiki ‘Selfproclaimed healer’.

ol-óíborr

n. European

(lit: one who is white). This is lexicalized to refer specifically to skin-color (hence, ethnicity), and not for white objects generally.

ɔl-ɔ́ ́bɔ́rr árɛ

Acc pl: ɨl-ɔ́

́bɔ́rr aríák. n. A month in the Maasai calendar (around August?) during which the rain water is mostly clear and has foam (lit: water that is white). Tɔlápá apá lólóíbórr árɛ apá ɛtɔ ́shɔtɛ intaré âŋ. It was in the month of "Water that is white" that our sheep and goats gave birth. (Pk).

ɔl-ɔ́ ́bɔ́rr-bēnēk

n. croton megalocarpus (lit: that which is white-leaved). Species

tree with white leaves, whose underside are a pale, silvery colour.

ɔl-ɔ́ ́bɔ́rr-būkūshī

Acc pl: ɨl-ooiborr-bukushin. n. Knee-bone

that which is white-kneecap).

ɔl-ɔ́ɨbɔ́rr-kíneji

(lit:

n. Samburu

person (lit: he who is-white goat). See: il-pusi-kineji ‘Samburu people’.

ɔl-ɔ́ ́bɔ́rr-k ̄dɔ̄ŋɔ̄ ̄ 1 • Wild

n. dog.ACC.

dog, hunting dog. lycaon pictus.

2 • White-tailed

ɔl-ɔ́ ́bɔ́rr-k ̄pā

mongoose. ichneumia albicauda (lit: that which is white-tail).

n. Type

of grass which contains a whitish milky substance (lit: it-of-white-slime).

l-ɔ́ ́bɔ́rr-kʉ́rʉm [North]

Nom sg: l-ɔ́

́bɔ́r-kʉ́rɨm. Acc pl: l-ɔɔ́ ́bɔ́r-

of

kúrúmi. Nom pl: l-ɔ́ɔ ́ ́bɔ́r-kúrúmî. n. [North] Grevy zebra (lit: white rump). Equus grevyi. See: ol-óítíkó ‘Zebra’; ɔl-kánká ‘Type of zebra’.

ɔl-ɔ́ ́bɔ́rr-kūmē ɔl-ɔ́ ́bɔ́rr-kʉ̄tʉ̄k

n. Donkey n. Roan

mouth).

ɔl-ɔɨbɔrr-lʉ́kʉ́nyá

eurocephalus rueppelli.

(lit: that which is-white nose).

antelope.

hippotragus equinus (lit: that which is-white

n. 1 • White-crowned

shrike (lit: white-head).

2 • Old

man; a white- or gray-haired person (lit: he who is whitehead). See: ol-oiborlʉ́kʉ́nyá ‘White-crowned shrike’.

ɔl-ɔ́ ́bɔ́rr-mūrt

n. Fish-eagle;

is-white neck).

species of bird.

cuncuma vocifer (lit: that which

ɔl-ɔ́ ́bɔ́rr-nyāālātī n. Type of meat (lit: that which is-white cud). ɛnk-ɔ́ ́bɔ́rr-siadí Nom sg: ɛnk-ɔɨbɔ́rr-siadí. Acc pl: ɨnk-ɔɔ́ ́bɔ́rr-siadín. Nom pl: ɨnk-ɔ́ɔɨbɔ́rr-siadín. n. Antelope Syn: enk-olií

ɔl-ɔ́ ́bɔ́rr-tūlī buttock).

ɛnk-ɔɨbɔt ́

‘antelope’.

n. Thomson

Nom sg: ɛnk-ɔ́

1 • White

gazelle.

species.

gazella grantii.

gazella thomsonii (lit: that which is-white

́bɔt .́ Acc pl: ɨnk-ɔɨbɔt ̂n. Nom pl: ɨnk-ɔ́ ́bɔt ̂n. n.

soil. 2 • Dam. See: l-págas ‘White soil’.

ɔl-ɔɨbúrukúshi

Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́

́búrukúshi. Acc pl: ɨl-ɔɨbúrukúsh. Nom pl: ɨl-ɔ́ ́búrukúsh. n. Knee cap. See: em-bukushi ‘Knee cap’; ɛnkʉ́ŋʉ́ ‘Knee’.

l-oicérunôî [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-óícerunôî. n. [North]

Milk which comes later after a cow has refused to give milk on an earlier milking.

l-ɔɨcɨm ́ [North]

Commiphora africana. The

ɔl-ɔɨdɛ́ɛm

marked by fever, flu, or cold-like symptoms.

wood from this tree is good for making head-rests.[North] Tree sp. See: l-aɨcɨm ́ [North] ‘Tree sp.’; ol-órika ‘Stool’. n. Illness

ɔl-ɔɨd ́

Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́ɨd .́ Acc pl: ɨl-ɔɔ́ɨdɨ. Nom pl: ɨl-ɔ́ɔɨdɨ. n. High

jump (lit:

the one to be jumped over); a game. Ɛɨd ́ ɔlɔɨd ́ tɛ súkuúl. A high-jump is jumped in school. Mɛ́ ́dɨm ɔltʉ́ŋání ómuei a ́da ɔlɔɨd ́. A sick person cannot be able to jump over a high-jump. See: a- ́d ‘To jump over’.

l-oidídî [North] barbet.

[North] Nom sg: l-óídidî. n. [North]

D'arnaud's

Trachyphonus darnaudii.

ol-oidikidíkoré n. Pointing finger; toe next to big toe. ol-oidólokî [South] Variant: ol-aidóloki. Nom sg: ol-óídólokî. Acc pl: il-oidólok. Nom pl: il-óídolók. [North] Acc sg: l-oidólokî. n. 1 • [South]

One of the two protruding bony structures on each side of a human beings ankle. 2 • [South] Elbow. Syn: ol-ouré kokóyo. See: e-múrt ɛ́ŋ-kɛjʉ; ɛrʉbatá ɛ́n-kɛjʉ ‘Ankle’; l-aibelái [North] ‘Ankle’; ɔl-ɔp ́ lɛ́ ntákule ‘Elbow’.

ol-oidólōl

Nom: ol-óídolól. Nom sg: ol-óídolol. PL: il-oidololí. Nom pl: il-

óídololí. [Purko] Acc sg: ol-óídólul. n. Elbow. Káayá ɛntákúle mmɛ̂ ilkímōjik anáa olóídolól. My forearm hurts, not the fingers or the elbow. (Pk). See: ɔl-aidólokî; en-kikokúá; ɔ-lɛ́ sá ́nká; ɛn-tákule ‘Elbow’; ɛ-rʉ́bátá ‘Joint’.

l-ɔɨgɨrr ́gɨrrâ [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́

l-ɔɨguɨguɨári [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́

́gɨrr ́gɨrrâ. n. [North] Large club which has a heavy metal gearl on the end. See: l-náat; rúnkú; l-t ́nka [North] ‘Club’. ́guɨguɨári. [North] Acc pl: lɔɨguɨguɨariní. [North] Nom pl: l-ɔ́ ́guɨguɨariní. n. [North] Tortoise. See: ol-óíkúmá ‘Tortoise’; l-ɔɨgʉyʉgʉyári [North] ‘Tortoise’.

l-ɔɨgʉyʉgʉyári [North]

Nom sg: l-ɔ́

́gʉyʉgʉyári. Acc pl: lɔɔ́ ́gʉyʉgʉyári. Nom pl: l-ɔ́ɔɨgʉyʉgʉyári. n. [North] Tortoise. See: ol-óíkúmá ‘Tortoise’; a-ɨgʉyʉgʉyarí ‘To move slowly’.

óíjie The stage of a female animal or woman just after they have given birth; maybe as long as a month.

See: en-

tómónīshō ‘Postpartum stage’.

ɔl-ɔɨj ́l ́l ́

Nom sg: ɔl-ɔɨjɨlɨl .́ [North] Nom sg: l-óíjililî. n. 1 • Drop

of liquid. 2 • [North] Last drops of liquid in a container (eg. of milk in a calabash).

l-óíjuk [North]

Small fire lit beside the normal big fire for roasting meat. See: ɛn-k ́má ‘fire’.

l-oikárr [North]

Nom sg: l-oijúk. n. [North]

Slaughtering and meat eating away from settlements used by warriors. See: aɨkárr ‘To fence in’.

ɨl-ɔ́ ́kɔp

[North] Nom sg: l-óíkarr. n. [North]

Nom pl: ɨl-ɔ́

́kɔ̂p. n.pl. 1 • Guilt of murder; the result of asesekúán. Kɛáta ɨlɔ́ ́kɔp. He is guilty of murder. 2 • Death.

aata lɔ́ ́kɔp (i) to have committed murder; (ii) to be in a state of guilt or taboo on account of murder. alák ɨlɔ́ ́kɔp 3 • Taboo.

to pay for a crime, to compensate for a crime. Syn: ɨn-kɨrrɔ́. See: aɨkɔ́p ‘To touch, hit, hurt’; ɔl-ɔ́ ́kɔ́paní ‘Murderer’; in-kíshú ɔɔ́ nkɨrrɔ́ ‘Cows given in compensation for murder’.

ɔl-ɔ́ ́kɔ́paní harm’.

ɔl-ɔ́ ́kʉ́lʉ́

n. Murderer. See: ɔl-á

́kɔ́paní ‘Murderer’; a-ɨkɔ́p ‘To hurt,

Nom sg: ɔl-ɔɨkʉlʉ́. n. Part

of meat from the chest (between the front legs of) an animal after it has been cooked. It is usually eaten by boys. See: en-kiyíéú ‘Part of animal between the front legs’.

ol-oikúluo

Nom sg: ol-óíkuluo. n. Vapor

ol-óíkúmá

Nom sg: ol-oikumá. Acc pl: il-oikúmāīshī. Nom pl: il-

that appears on the ground surface when the sun is hot. See: lɛ-k ́ma ‘Vapor’. óíkumaishí. n. Tortoise. In S this term occurs but is less common than l-ɔɨguɨguɨári. See: l-ɔɨgʉyʉgʉyári; l-ɔɨguɨguɨári [North] ‘Tortoise’.

enk-oileelío [Purko]

Nom sg: ɛnk-óíleélīō. Acc pl: ɨnk-oileelioní.

Nom pl: ɨnk-óíleelioní. n. Dew.

Ɛɨtáshálá ɛnkóíleélíó ɨnkʉ́j ́t

Dew has made the grass watery (wet). At dawn cows are taken to feed on grass when it is still watery. This is mainly done in the wet season.

ɔl-ɔɨlɛ́lɛɛ̂

Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́

́lɛ́lɛɛ̂. Acc pl: ɨl-ɔɨlɛ́lɛk. Nom pl: ɨl-ɔ́ ́lɛlɛk. [West] Acc sg: ɔl-ɔɨlɛ́lɛɛ. Variant: ɔl-ɔ́ ́lɛ́lɛ̄ɛ ̄ before full stop; ɔl-ɔ́ ́lɛ́lɛɛ́ nonphrase final (W). [North] Acc sg: l-ailéleê. n. Usage: four-legged animal. The lower part of an animal leg, between hoof or foot and first joint; first part of animal that normally emerges during birth; foreleg. Mɛ́ɛ sídáí ɔlɔ́ ́lɛ́lɛɛ́ lɛ́ nk ́tɛ́ŋ. [ɱɛ́ɛ sídáí ɔ̀lɔ́ɪ ́lɛ́lɛ̀ɛ ́ lɛ́ŋkɪ ̀tɛŋ] The foreleg of the cow is not good. (W). See: ol-oisónkorói ‘Hoof’; l-wuatán lɛ́ nkɛjʉ́ [North] ‘Lower part of the leg’; l-ailéleê [North] ‘Foreleg’.

enk-óíléló

Nom sg: enk-oileló. Acc pl: ink-óílelo. Nom pl: in-óílélo. n.

Oval bead, about 3 mm. long. Ádɔ́l ́ta ɛndá óíléó. I see that oval bead. (W).

l-oilɛmɨlɛm ́ [North]

́lɛm. n. [North] Spoken "noise". See: n-kɨlɛ́m ́lɛm [Chamus] ‘Noise’; l-ɔlɛmɨlɛm ́ [North] ‘Riot, quarrelling’; o-róréí ‘Word, noise’; ol-buaá; olodoo; ɔl-ɔlɛpɨlɛp ́ ‘Noise’.

l-ɔɨlɛ́pua [North]

[Chamus] Acc sg: kɨlɛ́m

́lɛua. n. [North] An elders' dance. See: l-ódo [North] ‘Elders' dance’.

l-oiliâî [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́

n. [North]

Wild species of euphobia, found in northern Kenya. This plant excretes a poisonous milky sap, and is commonly used for hedges.

l-ɔ́ ́l ́ɛ́pɔ́ [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ɔɨlɨɛpɔ́. [North] Acc pl: l-ɔɨlɛ́pɔn,

lɔɨlɛ́pɔ̂n. [North] Nom pl: l-ɔ́ ́lɛpɔn. n. [North] Bird of prey. Probably harrier hawk.

enk-oilií

Nom sg: enk-óílií. Acc pl: ink-oiliîn. Nom pl: ink-óíliîn. n.

ɔl-ɔɨl ́lâî

Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́

Gazelle. Ɛg ́ra enkóílií apɛrá tanáktá. The gazelle is pronking right now. (PK). For km, enkóílií could be either Grant's or Thompson's gazelle. ́lɨlâ .̂ Acc pl: ɨl-ɔɨl ́lā. Nom pl: ɨl-ɔ́ ́lɨlá. n. Shoulder.

See: o-rôny ‘Shoulder’.

ol-óílólé

Nom sg: ol-oilólé. n. 1 • Bustle.

2 • Business.

l-óímúgí [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-oimugí. [North] Acc pl: l-óímug.

[North] Nom pl: l-óímûg. n. [North]

L-ɔɨmʉsí [North]

Large tree sp.

[North] Nom pl: L-ɔ́

the white cattle moiety.

Newtonia hildebrandtii.

́mʉsí. n.prop. [North] Phratry in

ɔl-ɔinyaŋ ́ n. Market. See: ɔl-mʉnánda ‘Marketplace’. ol-oiŋáŋɛ Nom sg: ol-óíŋaŋɛ. n.sg. Sky; heaven (lit: the empty space). Mɛ́shâ amʉ̂ metíī ɨnkátampo oloiŋáŋɛ. It will not rain because the clouds are not in the sky.

ol-oiŋaránɛ

who is stranded. 2 • An isolated place. See: a-ɨŋaraná ‘To be stranded’.

ɔl-ɔɨŋɔ́nɨ

n. 1 • Person

See: a-ɨŋáŋ ‘To

feint’.

[Sometimes pronounced with two moras on first stem syllable.] Nom sg: ɔl-

ɔ́ ́ŋɔ́n .́ Acc pl: ɨl-ɔɨŋɔ́k. Nom pl: ɨl-ɔɨŋɔ́k. [West] Acc pl: ɨl-oiŋkók. [North] Acc sg: l-aɨŋɔ́nɨ. [Chamus] Acc sg: aiŋóni. n. 1 • Bull. Ɛɛ́tā ɔlɔ́ ́ŋɔ́n ́

ɨmɔ́wúárák sapúkī. The bull has big horns. Ɛt́ ʉ́pʉ́shá ɛlɛ́ ɔ́ ́ŋɔ́n ́; ɛg ́ra aitiamak ́ inkíshú. This bull has been rutting; it is mounting on cows. (Pk). Nɛ́mɨr

ɨlɔ lɨká ̄ ɔɨŋɔ́nɨ bási nélótú aɨtɔrɛ́ inkíshú. He (a bull) chased that other bull, then he came to rule the cows. (W). See: il-móŋí ‘Oxen’; ɔl-k ́tɛ́ŋ ‘Ox’. 2 • Powerful person. See: ɛnk-óíŋónó ‘Powerfulness; being bulllike’.

3 • [North] 4 • Charm.

Deceased warrior. See: ɛ-masáɨtâ ‘Dead man’.

ɛnk-ɔɨŋɔ́nɨ Bullock. l-ɔɨŋɔ́nɨ lɛ́ nkárɛ́ [North]

́ŋɔ́n ́ lɛ́ nkáré. n. [North] Leading edge of flowing water. See: ɛnk-árɛ́ ‘Water’; ɛn-dʉkʉ́ya ɛ́ nkárɛ́ ‘Leading front of flowing water’.

ɛnk-óíŋónó

Nom sg: l-ɔ́

n. 1 • Powerfulness;

2 • Constructiveness,

quality of being bull-like.

rationality. Níákú órē ɨnkɛ́rā ɔɔ́

lMáásâ ̂, eymáá ɨmbáā kúmōk énkishón; iné mármálīshō ɔ́ nɛ́ nkoiŋono. So Maasai children, do pass through many things in their lives, both careless and constructive (or rational). See: ol-oiŋóni ‘Bull’.

ol-óip

Nom sg: ol-óîp. Variant: ol-óíp. [three moras [òlóíp]] Acc pl: ɨl-oípī. Nom

shade. Epéríto ɔlákúíyia lâî tɔ lóíp. My grandfather is sleeping under the shade. (W). Note: Usually old men will have their special big tree with enough shade. 2 • Politeness. 3 • [North] The etiquette of the elders' meeting. Usage: figurative. Said because these meetings take place in the shade of a large tree. 4 • [North] A ghost. 5 • Image (eg. of a person on a coin). pl: ɨl-óipí. n. 1 • Shadow,

a-rɔ́k oípi v.phrase. To be ungrateful (lit: to be black the shade). ɔl-ɔɨpaŋ ́ Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́ ́paŋ .́ Acc pl: ɨl-ɔɔ́ ́paŋɨ. Nom pl: ɨl-ɔ́ɔɨpaŋɨ. [North] Acc pl: l-ɔɨpaŋ

̂n. n. Uphill slope, rise. See: ɛnk-ɔ́shɔkɛ ‘Hill side’; aɨpáŋ ‘To exit’. Ant: l-oitúto [North] ‘Downhill slope’.

ɛnk-ɔ́ ́p ́láí

Nom sg: ɛnk-ɔɨpɨláí. Acc pl: ɨnk-ɔɨpɨlaní. Nom pl: ɨnk-

ɔ́ ́pɨlaní. n.pl. Ornament of beads sewn in thin threads and coiled together in groups of four, worn by warriors across their bodies, hanging from one shoulder to the hip on the other side of the body. See: a-ɨp ́l ‘To twist’; en-kerî ‘Beads ornament’.

l-ɔɨp ́rrɨ [North]

́pɨrrɨ. n. [North] Dance performed by warriors after battle and at the l-mʉ́gɛt ceremony.

l-oipúpôî [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́

[North] Nom sg: l-oípupôî. [North] Acc pl: l-óípúpo.

[North] Nom pl: l-óípupo. n. [North]

[North] ‘Tse-tse fly’.

Tse-tse fly sp.

See: l-opúpo

sanampûr [North] [North] Tse-tse fly. ol-óíríén Nom sg: ol-oiríén. Acc pl: il-óíríénito. Nom pl: il-oiríénito. n. 1 • Olive

tree; the wood resembles that of ebony; found in the Olóíríén region. 2 • Highly vegetated and rocky region located in southeastern Maasailand, historically occupied by the Il-Kaputiei section but also used for grazing by the Il-Kisonko, Il-Matapato, and IlKankere, particularly during periods of drought. In 1995 this region was named the "Makueni division" by the Kenyan government. See: l-ŋérríyíóí [North] ‘Olive tree’.

ɔl-ɔɨrírūā

Acc pl: il-oiriruaní. Nom pl: il-óíriruaní. [West] Acc sg: ol-

óírirúá. n. 1 • Devil (just one single one).

spirit; jin. Ɛɨbʉ́ŋá Jôn olóírirúá, nérīkī enetíī ɔlá ́tɔ́b ́rání peê epúéí áaɨtɔbɨr. Jon became mad (crazy); then he was taken to the healer so that he could be healed. (W). Ɛɨbʉ́ŋa ɨnkɛ́ra ilóíriruaní. The children became mad. (W). Kɛ́ɛt́ a oloirírūā. He has an evil spirit (he is possessed). He has gone mad (insane). This is not a traditional Maasai concept for referring to a single entity, and does not denote the same referent as ɛsɛtán 'satan'. However, it is an evil influence. An individual always has a singular ɔl-ɔɨrírūā. Some Maasai believe that when s.o. is "mad", there is an evil spirit. Others say that one who behaves psychotically might or might not have ɔl-ɔɨrírūā. See: ɔl-mɛ́nɛ́ŋaní ‘Ghost, spirit’; mɨl ́ka ‘Ghost’. 2 • Evil

ɔl-ɔɨrɔ́bɨ

Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́

́rɔbɨ. n.sg. Common cold. ɔl-k ́rɔ́b ̂ ‘Common cold’.

See: a-ɨrɔb

́ ‘To be cold’;

l-ɔɨrɔjʉ́rɔj [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́

́rɔjʉ́rɔj. [North] Acc pl: lɔɨrɔjʉrɔj .́ [North] Nom pl: l-ɔ́ ́rɔjʉrɔj .́ n. [North] Grey-headed sparrow. Passer griseus.

l-oirú n-kɨwúán [North] males.

enk-oirujúrujî

n.phrase. [North]

Dance performed by

Nom sg: enk-óírújúrujî. Acc pl: ink-oirujurujiní. Nom

pl: ink-óírujurujiní. [West] Acc sg: enk-oirujúruj. n. 1 • Drizzles. 2 • Short

rains. See: nk-atipítipî ‘Drizzles’.

ɔl-ɔɨrʉjʉ́rrʉj n. Short rains; drizzle? ɔl-ɔɨrrág lɛ nkarɛ Nom sg: ɔlɔ́ ́rrâg lɛ́ nkárɛ́. n. Flood (lit: the one that lies down of the water). Ɛg ́ra ɔlɔ́ ́rrâg lɛ́ nkárɛ́ amitikí ɨltʉ́ŋáná ɛ ́m enkuséro. The floods are

preventing people from passing the plains. (Pk). See: a-ɨrrág ‘To lie down’; ɛnk-érɛ́ ‘Water, river’.

ol-oirrírri

n. Lizard. See: ɔl-mɔkúa; ɛm-pʉ̂rr ‘Lizard’; n-karipô

[North] ‘Lizard’; l-mɛlɛlɛ [Chamus] ‘Lizard’.

l-óísapa [North]

Variant: l-oisápa. n.pl. [North]

l-óísíácí [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-oisiací. n. [North]

Big Dipper constellation; Ursa major (lit: the seven). See: ɔl-ák ́rá ‘Star’; enkókúáí ‘The Pleiades’. root is edible.

Ipomoea longituba.

Plant sp. whose

ol-oisónkorôî

Nom sg: ol-óísónkoróī. Acc pl: il-oisónkoró. Nom pl: il-

óísónkoró. n. Hoof. oloisónkorôî lɛ́ mbártá the hoof of a horse. oloisónkorôî lɛ́ nk ́tɛ́ŋ hoof of a cow.

enk-oisónkorôî

Usage: contemptuous. Small

oisótoô ‘Fingernail’.

ol-oisótoô

hoof.

See: ol-

Nom sg: ol-óísótoô. Acc pl: ɨl-oisótok. Nom pl: ɨl-óísotok.

[North] Acc sg: l-aisótok. [North] Acc sg: ais'ótoô. n. Hard

material which grows at the ends of digits (fingers, toes), or for an animal on the end of the leg; claw, nail, hoof. Étúdúŋó ŋɔtɔnyɛ́ ɛnkɛráí iloisótok. The mother has trimmed the child's fingernails. Óre pɔɔk ́ kimojíno nɛ́ɛta oloisótoô. Every finger/toe has a nail. (Pk).

enk-oisótoô

Usage: (contemptuous). Small

oisónkorôî ‘Hoof’.

ɔl-ɔɔsʉ́ ́sʉɨ

fingernail.

See: ol-

[North] Acc sg: l-oisúisúi. [North] Acc sg: sʉ́súi. [Chamus] Acc

sg: asʉ́ʉsʉɨ. n. Soldier-ant,

black ant.

See: l-pʉrá ‘Red

ant’.

oisuki n. Type of plant, found in the Olóíríén region. l-oisúsûî [North] [North] Acc pl: l-oisúsu. [North] Nom pl: l-óísusu. n. [North] Flea.

See: ɨl-p

́dɨlá ‘Fleas’.

l-ɔɨshámunói [North] n. [North] Sincere love. Kɛ́áta lɔɨshámunói. He/she is lovable. (S). See: a-shám ‘To love’; anyɔ́rr ‘To love’; ɛ-nyɔ́rrátá ‘Love’.

ɔl-ɔɨshɨm ́

Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́

́shɨm .́ Acc pl: ɨl-ɔɔ́ ́shɨmɨ. Nom pl: ɨl-ɔ́ɔɨshɨmɨ. [North] Acc sg: l-aɨshɨm .́ n. 1 • [North] Part of the hip-bone; [West] Part of a bone (eg. hip bone) that, when cooked, is chewable.

Kétīī ɔlɔɨshɨm ́ entolít nányɔr ɨnkáyiok áatanyaal.

In the hip-bone there is marrow that boys like to chew. See: ɔlaɨshɨm ́ ‘Bone part’. 2 • [West] Sugarcane. 3 • [West] Type(s) of tree with leaves or young branches that people chew and chew.

4 • [North]

Tree whose stem is used to make containers, eg. gourds for milk.

ɔl-ɔɨshɔ́rʉ ɛnkárná ólpórrôr ɔ́lají

n. The

one who gives out the name to the rest of the age group. This individual always comes from the Kisongo in Tanzania. He is selected and travels to all other areas of Maasai land to announce the name, after the last unification ceremony for the age set [half-age set?].

ol-oishúnyie n.r. Deceased person; one who has passed away. ol-Óítáí Nom sg: ol-oitaí. Acc pl: il-óítai. Nom pl: il-óítái. n.prop. Member of the Loita Maasai. The il-óítai are one of the il-oshôn 'sections' of the Maasai in Kenya.

enk-Óítáí Woman from il-óítai section. il-Óítai li óŋátá n.prop. Loita Maasai of the plain. il-Óítai lo supuko n.prop. Loita Maasai of the highland. nk-óítéí [North] Variant: nk-óítíéí. [North] Nom sg: nk-oitéí, nk-oitíéí. [North] Acc pl: nk-óíteí. [North] Nom pl: nk-óíteî. n. [North]

trail.

ol-óítíkó

See: enk-óítóí ‘Path’.

Path, way,

Variant: l-óítúkó. Nom sg: ol-oitikó. Acc pl: il-oitíkōīshī.

Variant: il-oitíkoishî. Nom pl: il-óítikoishí. [North] Acc pl: l-óítíkōcī,

loitíkōīshī. Variant: l-óítúkōcī; l-óítikocí. n. Zebra (lit: that which nauseates). The meat of the zebra is oily and may have a nauseating effect. In S this refers to Burchell's zebra (equus burchelli). equus burchelli, Equus grevyi. iloitíkōīshī ɔááre two zebras (W). Ayíéú

iloitíkōīshī ɛatá ̄ isirkôn? Do I want

zebras while there are donkeys?

Nérukúnyie aké ilóítikoishí Zebras just came out.

See: l-

ɔ́ ́bɔ́rr-kʉ́rʉm [North] ‘Grevy's zebra’; ɔl-kánká ‘Type of zebra’.

nk-óítíkó Female zebra. nk-óítiŋ [North] [North] Nom sg: nk-óítîŋ. [North] Acc pl: nk-óítiŋí. [North] Nom pl: nk-óitiŋí. n. n. 2 • n. [North]

"Gourd" made of wood for milking. 2 • n. [North] Medium-sized calabash with a leather lid, used for milking cows; about 26 cm. by 15 cm. in size.

enk-óítóí

Nom sg: enk-oitóí. Acc pl: ɨnk-óítoí. Nom pl: ɨnk-óítoí. [North] Acc

sg: n-koitiei,

nk-oitéí. [North] Acc sg: kóítéí. [North] Acc sg: en-koitóí. n. 1 • Path, road, way.

Máapé elótótó (safari) enkóítóí, népúó aké, népúó aké, népúó aké,.... Let's go for a journey, path, they went, they went, they went,....

́ Ɨmbʉŋá ɛnâ óítóí amʉ̂ nɨnyɛ́ nékírík enetií ilótorok. Follow this path because it leads you to where the bees are. (W). See: orrékíé ‘Path’; ɔl-bár ́bára; ɔl-gûɛ̂ [West]; mʉnyɔrɔ́rɔ ‘Road’.

way. Óre taá amʉ̂ ɛ́kɨp ́k embénéyíó enkóítóí. Because we are going to put a leaf on the route [ie. ́ so you will be able to follow us]. Ɨɨmʉ́ ɨnâ óítóí, n ́m ́ ́mʉ ɛndâ óítóí, amʉ̂ mmɛ̂ ɨna óítóí k ́ɨ ́m. You pass that way, and you do not pass that (other way), because we are not going to pass that way. 2 • Route,

or way of achieving sth. Ká ́ŋɔ́rʉ enkóítóí nátúmíé iropiyianí. I will look for a way to get the money. 3 • Means

4 • Manner.

stay.

enkóítóí náwúon ɨltʉŋana the way people

en-kóítóí ɛ́ nkɛ́ráí Cervix, birth canal. oitoríóri adj. Truthful. ɔltʉŋáni oitoríóri person who tells the truth, speaks straight. See: aɨs ́pani ‘Truthful’; a-dʉ́pa ‘To be reliable’.

l-oitúto [North] Ant: ɔl-ɔɨpaŋ

ol-oitútuo ol-óíyiote

[North] Nom sg: l-óítuto. n. [North]

́ [North] ‘Uphill slope’.

Downhill slope.

[North] Acc sg: l-ɔɨtʉ́tɔ. n. Down-hill.

tooth (teeth) to errupt, at about age 18; wisdom tooth. This erruption is very painful. See: l-ɔ́yɨɛtɛ [North] ‘Wisdom tooth’.

ol-óītō

n. Last

Nom sg: ol-oitó. Acc pl: il-óík. Nom pl: il-óîk. [Purko] Acc sg: ol-óito.

[West] Acc pl: il-óik. [North] Acc pl: l-óīk. [North] Nom pl: l-óîk. n. Bone.

Kɛ́nyɔ́r oldía ainɔ́sa ilóík oótoitô. A dog likes eating dry bones. Etútúró ́ná kítok ɛnkʉ́rárɛ aitayú ilóik peê eya aló asakutushoré. That woman has dug the grave to remove the bones to use them to do witchcraft. (W).

enk-óītō

1 • Small

bone. 2 • Emaciated cow; worthless cow. Usage: contemptuous. 3 • [North] Testicle.

l-óik lɛ́ nkóríóŋ [North] Backbone, bones of the back. a-ój v. 1 • [South] To rub. 2 • To

ojé

scratch (an itch). See: a-jút; a-s ́k ‘To rub’; a-mún ‘To scratch’.

one (masc). Tenémetíī ɔsɨratá ló ltóíló ojé... If there is no mark of a certain sound (tone)... Kélotú ɔltʉ́ŋání ójé aɨtajéú apá tɛ moitíé. A certain person is coming to save them forever. (KS). See: a-jɛ́ [North] ‘To be a certain one’.

Nom sg: ójé. Acc pl: oójē. adj. Certain

najé

Acc pl: naájē

?. Nom pl: Certain ones (fem). Certain (fem). entítō najé a certain girl. intóyíé naájē Certain girls.

e-ojét

Nom sg: e-ójēt. Acc pl: i-ojéta. Nom pl: i-ójeta. n. 1 • Comb.

2 • Scratcher. See: a-ój ‘scratch’.

l-ɔjɛ́ta [North]

n. [North]

Corner, bend. corner no a house, road, etc.’.

See: a-lɔ́j ‘To

create a

ojî n. The one who is named, known as (something). See: a-jó ‘To say’. ɔl-ɔjɔŋáni Variant: ɔl-ajaŋáni. Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́jɔ́ŋání. Acc pl: ɨl-ɔjɔŋá(k). Nom pl: ɨl-ɔ́jɔŋa(k). [West] Acc sg: ɔl-ɔjɔŋɔni. [Chamus] Acc sg: l-ɔjɔŋɔ́ni. n.

Housefly. For some speakers, the masculine form may also cover 'mosquito, malaria', and (in the plural) 'midges, gnats'. For other speakers, the feminine form is specialized for 'mosquito, malaria'. See: ɛnk-ɔjɔŋáni ‘Mosquito, malaria’; l-ajɨŋáni [North].

ɛnk-ɔjɔŋáni

Nom sg: ɛnk-ɔ́jɔ́ŋání. Acc pl: ɨnk-ɔjɔŋá(k). Nom pl: ɨnk-

ɔ́jɔŋa(k). [Purko] Nom sg: ɛnk-ɔ́jɔŋáni. 1 • Mosquito. ɔjɔŋáni ‘Housefly’; l-ajɨŋáni [North] ‘Housefly’. 2 • Malaria.

e-ójótó a-ók

See: ɔl-

[North] Nom sg: ojotó. [North] Acc pl: ojót. [North] Nom pl: ojót. n.

Scratch, scratching, bruise.

drink (liquid). Éók ɨnkɛ́rá kʉlɛ́ Children drink milk. Kéók ɛntasât ɛnkárɛ́. The woman will drink the water. (Pk). Áyīēū náōk kʉlɛ́. I want to drink milk. Íyīēū níōk kʉlɛ́. You want to drink milk. Eyíéú néok kʉlɛ́. He wants to drink milk. Kíiyíéú níkiok kʉlɛ́. We want to drink milk. Áaɨshɔɔ́ náají ɔlashʉmpáí ɛntarubíni ɛnyɛ́ maɨŋórie ɨltɔmíá oóokito ɛnkárɛ́. The European gave me his binoculars to observe elephants drinking water. Ɨncɔɔ́kɨ ɛndâ kɨlási matoókie ɛnkárɛ́. Give me that glass that I may drink water with it. Olkékún lâŋ táatá peê eokishó inkíshu olinyî táaisére. It is our turn today for our cows to drink (water) and tomorrow is yours. Inkó tóoko kʉlɔ̂ keék peê íncīū. Take these medicines and drink so that you can heal. (lit: Take drink these trees so that you heal/get well.). v.prog. 1 • To

Tóoko! Drink it! 2 • [North]

To water (plants, cattle, people).

smoke (pipe, cigarette). aók osigára/olmotí to smoke a cigarette/pipe. Ɛ́ ́d ́pá aké ilMáʉwan ́ áatook kʉlɛ́. The il-Mauwani have just finished the taking-of-milk ceremony. (lit: The il-Mauwani have just finished drinking milk.). 3 • To

a-ók kʉlɛ́

minor ceremony following the eúnótó celebration, after which a man is free to marry (lit: To drink milk). Kéló ɔlmʉrraní aók kʉlɛ́ tɛnɛ́ ́dɨpáyu eunotó. A warrior will go to drink milk after the Eunoto ceremony.

a-okoó

v.phrase. A

v.dir. 1 • To

keep on drinking, e.g one liquid after another. 2 • To drink as s.o. is moving away.

a-okokí v.dat. To draw for s.o./into sth. a-okú v.dir. 1 • To draw liquid (from the ground). Kéokú ɛntásât ɛnkárɛ́. The woman will draw water. Etoókūō ɛntásât ɛnkárɛ́. The woman drew the water. Káítóōkū ɛntásat ɛnkárɛ́. I will make the woman draw the water. 2 • To

-ok

drink as s.o. is coming. See: e-ókótó ‘The drinking’; amát ‘To drink’.

nmlz. Plural

number suffix in agent nominalizations for Advanced Tongue Root stems; variant of -ak.

ol-okelél

ring. ́lɔ̂ okelél i) that circle; ii) that steering wheel. See: ol-ekelél ‘Circle, ring’. n. Circle,

ol-okérdiŋáí

may be the "wait-a-bit" plant.Very painful thorns used for fencing of a kraal.

ɔl-ɔkɛr ́

n. This

Nom sg: ɔl-ɔkɛ́rí. Acc pl: ɨl-ɔɔ́kɛrɨ. Nom pl: ɨl-ɔ́ɔkɛrɨ. [North] Acc

sg: ɔkɛrɛ́. [Chamus] Acc sg: ɛkɛr .́ n. 1 • Personal

restricted land. 2 • Grazing field set apart for small or sick calves, or as a reserve for dry season grazing; pasturage, paddock. Mol (1996:304) notes this is usually a small area, fenced off with thorn-bushes near an ɛnk-áŋ 'homestead'. See: ɛn-kɔ́p ‘Land, field’; pága ‘Communal

restricted land’; ɔl-ál ́l ́ ‘Grazing field set apart for calves; pasturage’.

ɔl-ɔ́kɛ́sɛ́na

Variant: ɔl-ɔ́kɛ́sána. Nom sg: ɔl-ɔkɛsɛ́nā. Acc pl: ɨl-ɔkɛsɛnaní.

Nom pl: ɨl-ɔ́kɛsɛnaní. [North] Acc sg: l-ɔ́gɛ́sɛ̄na. n. Traditional

lower garment made of sheep leather, fastened with a leather belt; sarong, skirt, loincloth. Errotíán inkítūāāk ɨlɔkɛsɛnaní. Women put on skirts that are blue in color. See: ɛnkílâ ‘Clothing’; a-kɛsɛ́n ‘To tie on a sarong’; n-capukúrr [North] ‘Skin-skirt’; a-rrotíán ‘To (en)girdle’.

ɔl-ɔkɛ́t

Acc pl: ɨl-ɔkɛ́ta. [North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́kɛt. [North] Acc pl: l-ɔkɛ́ta. [North] Nom

pl: l-ɔ́kɛta. n. 1 • Drinking

-oki

utensil; cup, bowl, glass. 2 • [North] Wooden bucket, traditionally used to fill watering troughs. 3 • [North] Bucket (of any sort). In some suffixed forms: -okin. appl. Dative

applicative suffix with range of meanings covering benefactive and goal; for, to. See: akɨ ‘Dative applicative’.

okicí [North]

[North] Nom sg: ókicí. [North] Acc pl: okicóno. [North] Nom

pl: ókicóno. adj. [North]

a-okicionú [North] See: okicí

Orphaned.

v.incep. [North]

[North] ‘Orphaned’.

nk-ókídóŋít [North]

To become orphaned.

[North] Nom sg: nk-okidoŋít. [North] Acc pl: nk-

ɔ́kɨdɔŋ. [North] Nom pl: nk-ɔ́k ́dɔŋ. n. 1 • [North] Tall tree sp. ellenbeckiana.

2 • [North]

ol-okídoŋôî

Dracaena

Calabash for general use in the homestead.

Nom sg: ol-ókídóŋôî. Acc pl: il-okídoŋó. Nom pl: il-

ókídoŋó. [Chamus] Acc sg: okúdoŋói. [North] Acc sg: l-okúdoŋôî. n. 1 • Mud formed from rain and old cow dung; common in the wet season, found in animal pens and kraals. 2 • Mud. See: ɛ-sarŋáb ‘Mud’; o-sordó ‘Silt’; m-parpár [North] ‘Mud’; in-kíík ‘Dung’.

ol-ókírráí

n. Rainbow. Syn: siomô

‘Rainbow’. See: l-akɨrr-áí

[North] ‘Jupiter’.

okishí adj. Motherless child. ɔl-ɔ́kɨtɛŋ Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́k ́tɛŋ. n. Male warthog. Syn: ol-bítír ‘Warthog’. a-okó [North] v.mid. [North] To sing about one's exploits. l-okódodôî [North] [North] Nom sg: l-ókododôî. [North] Acc pl: lokódoó. [North] Nom pl: l-ókudodó. n. [North] Tailbone.

a-okokí v. To draw for, draw into. l-ókónkórr [North] [North] Nom sg: l-okonkórr. n. [North] Crawling insect (sp.).

l-ɔ́kɔp [North]

n. [North]

Murder of another Samburu person. See: ɨl-ɔ́ ́kɔp ‘Murder’; e-ŋókí ‘Sin’.

L-ɔ́kɔ́paní [North]

[North] Nom sg: L-ɔkɔ́paní. [North] Acc pl: L-ɔ́kɔp.

[North] Nom pl: L-ɔ́kɔ̂p. n.prop. 1 • [North]

Samburu person.

Usage: sg.

Samburu tribe, Samburu people. Usage: pl. nkʉ́tʉ́k ɛɛ Lɔ́kɔp the Samburu language. 2 • [North] 3 • [North]

Samburu culture, tradition. Usage: pl.

enk-okórde n. 1 • Side. Néūr enkokórde ɛ́kʉ́tʉ́k ají aréú atúa. He broke one of the sides of the door, pushing it inside. 2 • Side

are.

of the house where rooms for baby goats, lambs, calves

l-ókóré [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-okoré. [North] Acc pl: l-okória. [North]

Nom pl: l-ókoríá. n. [North]

l-ókórkór [North]

Tree (sp.).

Obetia pinnatifida.

[North] Nom sg: l-okorkór. n. [North]

Wooden bell for small stock, made from the l-áwáí or l-áyámáí tree. See: lódóŋdóŋ ‘Wooden bell’.

l-okororómi [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ókororómi. [North] Acc pl: l-

okororóm. n. [North] Flap of skin in the ear guarding the entrance to the ear canal; tragus.

l-ɔkɔrrʉ́nɨ [North] [North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́kʉrrʉ́nɨ. n. [North] Slipknot. e-ókótó ɛ-kʉ́lɛ n. Milk ceremony.

ɛ-ókótó ɛnk-árɛ́ pʉ̂s

n. Drinking

of milky-water. This, along with bathing, cleanses one who has carried a corpse.

a-okú1 In some suffixed forms: -okun. v.dir. To draw water. Ɛshɔmɔ́ intóyíê áaoku ɛnkárɛ́ tɔ lcɔ́rrɔ̂. The girls have gone to get water from a well. (Pk). Kéokúnī ɛnkárɛ́. The water will be drawn. (Pk). Ɛshɔmɔ́ enkítok aokunyíé oltóo ɛnkárɛ́ tɔɔrkɛ́jʉ. The woman went to fetch water with a barrel at the river. (Pk). See: a-ók ‘To drink’.

a-okú2 v.incep. To ripen. See: a-kú ‘To ripen’; e-ó ‘(To) be ripe’. ol-ókúáí2 Acc pl: il-ókua. n. Tree or bush sp. nk-ókúáí [North]1 [North] Nom sg: nk-okúáí. n. [North] Short rainy

period in June coinciding with the appearance of the Pleiades. See: nk-ákua [North] ‘Pleiades’.

l-ɔkʉcʉ́m [North] [North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́kʉkʉ́m. n. [North] Anthrax. l-okudoŋít [North] n. [North] Highland tree sp., whose wood may be used to make an elder's calabash (seénderí).

l-okúdoŋôî [North]

Muddy wet dung on the ground, which develops during the rainy season. See: ol-okídoŋôî ‘Muddy wet dung’.

l-okulí [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ókudoŋôî. n. [North]

Meat mixed with fat for storage. See: l-akulí [North] ‘Meat mixed with fat’.

okúni

[North] Acc pl: l-okulîn. n. [North]

(masculine). ɨlapaitín okúni three months. Ɛshɔmɔ́ pɔ́kʉ́ra ókūnī. All three (of them) have gone. (SN). See: uní ‘Three (fem)’. Nom pl: ókūnī. num. Three

ɔl-ɔkúrto ɔ́ŋʉ

word to refer to a person who uses only one eye after the other one has been damaged or removed (lit: the one who is gouged-eye). See: a-kúrt ‘To scoop, gouge out’; kɔ́-bɔ́ ́ta ɔ́ŋʉ ‘One-eyed person’.

ókúrúóí

n. Polite

color. ɛntɛ́r ́t ókúrúóí Ashwhite dust. inkúrúon okúrúon Ash-white ashes. See: enAcc pl: ókúrúon. n. Ash-white

ɔl-

kúrúóní ‘Ash’.

Variant: ol-; ɔr-. gen. Masculine

singular gender prefix on nouns. ɔlpayíán elder. ɔrpááshé fence (Pk). Ɔlɛ́nk ̄tɛ̄ŋ ɛlɛ̂ kɛ́ɛnɛ. This big leather strap belongs to the cow. Ɛshɔmɔ́ enkítok aokunyíé oltóo ɛnkárɛ́ tɔrkɛ́jʉ. The woman went to fetch water with a barrel at the river. (Pk). orreshét trap. ɔlaŋɛ́t bridge. ɔɛnɛ́t knot. Ɛtámúíyíá ŋolé oloshî á ́tɛ́rrání lɛ́ sɔkɔ́ni nɛ́ ́tɛrrɛ isáaí aré. The usual market fainter (ie. person who always faints in the market) because sick yesterday and fainted for two hours. (W).

ol-olá

Nom sg: ol-ólā. Acc pl: il-olân. Nom pl: il-ólan. [Purko] Acc pl: íl-ólân. n.

1 • Thing

to be carried or transported (may include milk in containers, but not water); basket-full, package, baggage, luggage. Táretokokí ɛnkɛ́ráí ololá. Help the child with the baggage. Ɛg ́ra ɛntásât aɨtʉ́ ilolân to síkíria. The woman is unloading the donkey. responsibility. Ɛt́ áá ɛná áji ololá aitúku ánaa aké. This house has become a burden, to clean it every day. Kááta ololá sápʉk lɔlmárēī lâŋ. I have a big burden for my family (the pressure of needing to provide for them; the aspiration to work hard to improve their living standards, achieve a particular goal, etc.). 2 • Burden,

ɛnk-olá Small package; small burden. ɛnk-ɔ́lat Nom sg: ɛnk-ɔ́lât. Acc pl: ɨnk-ɔ́latí. Nom pl: ɨnk-ɔ́latí. [North] Acc

sg: nk-ólat. [North] Nom sg: nk-ólât. [North] Acc pl: nk-ólati. [North] Nom pl: nk-óláti. n. 1 • Needs,

ɔ́lɛ̂

requirements. 2 • [North] Big job; big problem.

Nom sg: ɔlɛ́. Acc pl:

́lɛ̂. Nom pl: ɨlɛ̂. psr.prt. 1 • Title preceding the name of a (male) junior elder or elder; indicates 'son of' (lit: 'he of'). belonging to a masculine possessor; of. entítō ɔ́lɛ Ronkei daughter of Ronkei. Ɔ́lɛ̂ ŋá ́ ɛlɛ́ k ́tɛŋ. [ɔ̀lɛ̀ ŋá ́] 2 • One

Who's bull is this? Ɔ́lɛ̂ Kɛ́swɛ̂ ɛlɛ́ ɔ́ ́ŋɔ́n ́. [ɔ̀lɛ̀ kɛ̀swɛ̀ ɛ̀lɛ́ ɔ̀ɪ ̀ŋɔ̀nɪ ̀] This bull belongs to Keswe. (Pk). Ɔlɔ́lk ̄tɛ̄ŋ ɛlɛ́ tualá. This bell belongs to the ox. ɔlayíóni ɔ́ ɔ́lɛ Ronkei [ɔ̀làyyóni ɔ́lɛ ɾòŋkèy] the boy and Ole-Ronkei. See: ɛ́nɛ̂ ‘Of a feminine referent’.

ɔlɛ kʉ́lɛ

Nom sg: ɔlɛ́ kʉlɛ́. Acc pl: ɨlɔɔ́

1 • Type

lɛ kʉ́lɛ. Nom pl: ɨlɔ́ɔ lɛ kʉ́lɛ. n.

of edible roots. 2 • Throat. See: ol-gisóyiaî ‘Type of edible root’; ɔl-cakʉ́lɛt ‘White milky tuber’.

ɔ́lɛ́ɛ ́ Masculine question word. cƆ́lɛ́ɛ ́ káyíólo sá ínê? I know that?

l-ɔlɛmɨlɛm ́ [North] olêŋ

[North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́lɛmɨlɛm .́ n. [North]

Riot, unrest, qarreling. See: a-ɨlɛmɨlɛ́m [North] ‘Noisy talking’; loilɛmɨlɛm ́ [North] ‘Spoken "noise"’.

well, much. Nɛ́ ́kɨr ́k ́rá enkɔ́p olêŋ o mɛtáā kéjó enkájī áúrōrī. The earth shook very much until the house is about to fall. Óre ɛlɛ̂ mʉ́rrāni, náa kɛ́p ̄ apá olêŋ. Now this warrior was very brave. Tɛ́rɛk ́ dɛ ́ lɔmɔ́n metíniŋo olêŋ. Stress/emphasize the words so that she may hear well. (SN). adv. 1 • Very,

2 • Generous.

Ɛg ́rá ́ áaipusie ɔlmʉ́rráni olêŋ ɛnká ́ná.

The generous warrior is having his hand made blue by twisting blue beads on it. (Pk). See: naléŋ ‘Very’.

ɔl-ɔlɛpɨlɛp ́

Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́lɛpɨlɛp .́ Acc pl: ɨl-ɔɔ́lɛpɨlɛpɨ. Nom pl: ɨl-

ɔ́ɔlɛpɨlɛpɨ. n. Noise. See: ol-odoo; o-róréí ‘Noise’; l-buaá; loilɛmɨlɛm ́ [North] ‘Noise’.

ɔl-ɔlɛpɨlɛp ́ Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́lɛpɨlɛp .́ n.sg. Shouting. Éítorrónô ɔlɔ́lɛpɨlɛp ́ etiíki entúmo Shouting is bad when people are in a meeting. See: o-róréí ‘Word’; ol-odoo ‘Noise’; l-oilɛmɨlɛm ́ [North] ‘Noise’; l-buaá [North] ‘Noise’; a-ɨlɛpɨlɛ́p ‘To shout’; aŋʉyaná ‘To make noise’.

enk-ólépó Nom sg: enk-olepó. [North] Acc sg: nk-óílépó. n. Hawk. olesére greeting. Goodbye, bye. Olesére amʉ̂ ɛ́táā kárɛ̄ʉ̄.

Goodbye, because I am going to drive them (the animals) away. See: lɛ́sɛ́rɛ [North] ‘Goodbye’; áyīā ‘Allright’.

enk-olíai

Nom sg: enk-óliai. Acc pl: ink-olíá. Nom pl: ink-ólia. [Purko] Acc

sg: enk-olíâî. [North] Acc sg: nk-olíâî. [North] Nom sg: nk-óliai. [North] Acc pl: nk-olíá. [North] Nom pl: nk-ólia. n. Widow;

woman without

husband. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aitotí enkolíâî ɔ́ laláshɛ otúá. The man is supporting the widow of his late brother. (Pk).

en-koilií [Purko]

Variant: enk-oilií. Nom sg: ink-oliîn. Acc pl: ink-

oliîn. Nom pl: ink-óliîn. [North] Nom sg: nk-ólií. n. Gazelle, antelope. In S this is the generic term. "Kénkoliîn íyíéú anáa kénkinejí?" Nérukúnyie aké inkóliîn. "Do you want antelopes or goats?" Antelopes just flowed out. kʉnâ oliîn ~ kʉnâ koliîn ~ kʉnâ koiliîn these antelopes (W). See: ɔlwúárgas ‘Grant's gazelle’; ɛnk-ɔ́ ́bɔ́rrsiadí ‘Grant's gazelle’.

nk-olií ná ́bɔ́rr [North] [North] ɔl-ɔ́l ́l ́

Grant's gazelle.

Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́lɨlɨ. Acc

pl: ɨl-ɔɔ́lɨlɨ. Nom pl: ɨl-

ɔ́ɔlɨlɨ. n. 1 • Enclosure outside the homestead for calves to graze in. 2 • [North] Grass that grows on ground that was formerly occupied by a home. This type of grass cannot be consumed by cows because of its smell. See: ɔl-ɔkɛr ́ ‘Enclosure for grazing outside the homestead’; ol-pérésí ‘Type of grass that is long and thin’; ɛn-aimúrrúai; nk-amúrruakî ‘Star grass’; ɔl-gʉ́rmɛ́ ‘Bumper

grass’; ɛn-kʉ́j ́tá ‘Grass’; l-áráá ‘Type of grass on banks of a river’; n-dálankúáni ‘Type of grass on sides of hills’; símí ‘Grass that grows on deserted homestead’.

nk-ólíóntóí [North]

[North] Nom sg: nk-oliontóí. [North] Acc pl: nk-

olíónto. [North] Nom pl: nk-ólíónto. n. Usage: polite (used by elders to avoid n-títō). [North] Girl. See: en-títō ‘Girl’; sɨlá [North] ‘Girl’.

nk-ólíóóntóí [North]

Nom sg: nk-olioontóí. Acc pl: nk-olíoonto.

Girl. Ɛshɔmɔ́ nkolioontóí pʉnʉka. The girl has gone to the market. (S). 2 • [North] Term of address to a girl by a boy. See: súrméléí ‘Girl’. Nom pl: nk-olioontó. n. 1 • [North]

olipí [North]

[North] Nom sg: ólipí. [North] Acc pl: olipíéno. [North] Nom

pl: ólipíéno. adj. [North]

olupí ‘Barren, sterile’.

Barren, sterile.

See: olupí ‘Barren’;

a-olipionú [North] v.incep. [North] To become barren. l-ólíyíó [North] [North] Nom sg: l-oliyíó. n. [North] Lonely place. See: e-líyio ‘Lonliness’.

l-ólkútójóólie [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ólkutojóólie. n. [North]

Trick by which one wrestles or trips another by hooking his foot while grabbing the arm.

a-olól v. 1 • To bend sth. flexible that can resume its shape again. Tóololō emúrt ɛ́ nk ́tɛ́ŋ máíshoo ɔlcaní. Bend the cow's neck so we can give it medicine. (W). Syn: a-kɔr ́ny ‘To bend’. 2 • To transform sth.

a-ololó

v.mid. 1 • To

be bent. 2 • To be transformed. See: a-kɔr ́ny ‘To bend’; a-ɨrrúg ‘To bend down’; a-shúk ‘To bend’.

ɛnk-ɔlɔ́ŋ Nom sg: ɛnk-ɔ́lɔŋ. Acc pl: ink-óloŋi. Nom pl: ink-ólóŋi. n. 1 • Sun. ɛndâ ɔlɔ́ŋ that sun (W). See: ɛn-dáma ‘Sun, day’; ɛn-dámā o ɛnkɛwaríé ‘Day’; m-párr [North] ‘Day’. 2 • A 24 hour period; day (esp. used in counting days). Inkóloŋi naápishana oshî nátií ewíki. There are seven

days in a week. (Pk). Kɛ́ ́dɨm ɛntám ̂s atɔtɔ́na inkóloŋi tɔmɔn o óŋuan ɛɨtʉ eok ɛnkárɛ́. A camel can stay for fourteen days without water. (Pk). Neiriamari nabô ɔlɔ́ŋ ɔlpáyian (i)nkíshú ɔ́ esiankíki ɛnyɛ́. One day, an old man and his newly-wedded bride went to graze cattle. See: lɨká ́ kekun ‘Distal past, day-before-yesterday’; nk-á ́ párrî [North] ‘Distal past, day-before-yesterday’. 3 • [North] Dry season. 4 • Drought, famine, hunger; esp. the hunger associated with the dry season. nápá ɔlɔ́ŋ that hunger of long ago. See: ɛ-sʉ́mash; ɔl-áméyú ‘Hunger’.

ɛnk-á ́ ɔlɔ́ŋ Distal past, including the day-before-yesterday, in many years past (lit: the other day).

́ídîâ ɔlɔ́ŋ Distal future, including day-after-tomorrow and in many years to come.

nk-ɔlɔ́ŋ [North]

[North] Nom sg: nk-ɔ́lɔŋ. [North] Acc pl: nk-óloŋi. [North]

Nom pl: nk-ólóŋi. n. [North]

áméyú ‘Hunger’.

Hunger.

See: ɛ-sʉ́mash; ɔl-

ɔlɔɔ́(-) See: ɔɔ́ ‘Of plural item’; ɛnɔ́- ‘Of’. enk-olópa Nom sg: enk-ólopa. Acc pl: ɨnk-olopaní. Nom pl: ink-ólopaní. n. Poisonous

l-olûâ [North]

centipede.

[North] Nom sg: l-ólua. [North] Acc pl: l-olûân. n. [North]

Hip, pelvis, pelvic bone.

ol-olúbo

Nom sg: ol-ólubó. Acc pl: il-oólubó. Nom pl: il-óolubó. n.

Glutton.

See: a-lubó ‘To

ɔl-ɔlʉlʉ́ŋa

n. 1 • The

ɔl-ɔlʉ́lʉ́ŋa

n.prop. For

be hungry’.

whole. 2 • [North] A barricade.

an account of the Ololulunga Massacre in 1918 see: Sanford, G.R., An Administrative and Political History of the Maasai Reserve, 1919, pp. 77-80 (Sanford writes the word 'Ol Alunga'); Elspeth Huxley, White Man's Country, Vol. II, pp. 39-

49.Ololulunga; place name north of Narok Town, Narok District, Kenya (lit: which-is-complete). See: a-lʉlʉŋá ‘To be round, whole, complete, without defect’.

l-ɔlʉ́ŋa [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́lɔlʉ́ŋa. [North] Acc pl: l-ɔlɔlʉŋaní. n.

[North] Branch which closes the gate of the kraal.

ɛnk-ɔlʉ́pa Nom sg: ɛnk-ɔ́lʉpa. n. Centipede. See: ɛn-dénkél ‘Centipede’. olupí Nom sg: ólúpí. Acc pl: olupéno. Nom pl: olúpēno. adj. Barren, sterile. Ɨncɔɔ́ ɛwalaá ɛnâ k ́tɛ́ŋ olupí aɨnyiaŋʉ́ á ́. Let him exchange this barren cow with another one by buying. (Pk).

ɔl-ɔmɛn kɛwán n. Diffident person (one who despises himself). ómo Acc pl: ómoi. Nom pl: ómói. adj. Light-brown color, specifically of sheep. Ómo apá enkêrr náíshooyiokí. The ram that was given away was light brown. Intaré ómoi aké esíóki ɔltʉ́ŋání ayiolóú. It is light-brown sheep that one recognizes easily. Ímîêt apá táatá ilkúuó ómói óotoiwuokí. The light-brown lambs born this time are five. enk-omóm1 Nom sg: enk-ómom. Acc pl: ɨnk-ómomi. Nom pl: ɨnk-ómómi. n. 1 • Forehead. 2 • Face.

ɛndâ omóm that face. aatá nkomóm To be lucky

(lit: to have face) (S).

ó-síkírái lɛ́ nkomám Forehead (lit: seashells of the face). ɔl-pʉrâ lɛ́ nkomóm Forehead. ɛn-cílí é nkomóm See: en-kirribó [South] ‘Forehead’; ɛnomóm2

k ́d ́mátá; ɛ-mʉnyánî ‘Forehead’.

fortune. ɔltʉŋáni ɔáta omóm a person who is lucky/fortunate (lit: a person who has favor/fortune).

a-omón

n. Favor, v. 1 • To

request, ask for sth. See: a-ɨtɔɔmɔ́n ‘To welcome’. 2 • To beg (eg. for money on the street). 3 • To pray, worship (to God).

a-omonú

v.dir. [North]: a-munó. [Chamus]: a-omonʉ́. To

request for

oneself, ask for. Átóómónuo. I have asked for it. (K). Átóómónua. I have asked for it. (SN).

a-omonishó To beg (food, money). a-omón ɛnkáí 1 • To pray to God. Usage: lit. 2 • To

ɔl-ɔmɔ́nɨ

give birth. Usage: polite. See: a-sáí ‘To plead’.

Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́mɔnɨ. Acc pl: ɨl-ɔmɔ́n. Nom pl: ɨl-ɔ́mɔn. [North] Acc sg: l-

ɔmɔ́ni. [North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́mɔni. [North] Acc pl: l-ɔmɔ́n. [North] Nom pl: lɔ́mɔn. n. 1 • Stranger. 2 • Visitor, guest. 3 • Word.

Nélimu siî n ́nyɛ Elija ɔlɔmɔ́nɨ obô. Elija will

also say one word. (C).

talk, address, news, information. Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aturú ɨlɔmɔ́n lɔɔ́rpúrishó ɔɔ́waitâ inkíshú. The man is finding out information about the thieves who stole cows. (Pk). 4 • Speech,

Ɛnâ taá ɛntɔnatá ɔ́ɔ ̄ lɔmɔ́n ncɛ́rɛ mátayookinotó tenê. This is the conclusion of the 5 • Conversation.

conversation, that we meet in the morning right here. (Pk). See: ɔl-dɛrráti ‘Chat’; ɛn-kɨrɔ́rɔ́tɔ́ ‘Conversation’.

enk-omonó

Nom sg: enk-ómonó. [North] Nom sg: nk-ómonó. n. 1 • Form

of prayer; form of worship; religion. Ɛg ́ra ɔltʉ́ŋání asinyunyé ɛnkomonó naomón. The person is becoming holy through the prayer he made to God. (Pk). 2 • A request. See: a-omón ‘To request, pray’.

l-ómúncú [North] of beetle’.

n. [North]

l-ɔmʉ́rruagî [North]

Type of beetle.

See: ol-kérdoi ‘Type

[North] Nom sg: l-ámʉrruakî. [North] Acc pl: l-

amʉ́rruag. [North] Nom pl: l-ámʉrruak. n. [North] Burr.

a-ɔ́n [North]

v. [North]

To melt.

See: a-cɔ́l

[North] ‘To melt’.

ink-oníto oó nkíyiaa

óo nkíyiaa. n.pl. Big, leather beaded earrings worn by married women only. Kɛ́áta enkítok inkoníto oó nkíyiaa. The woman has leather beaded earrings. See: en-cóni ‘Hide’.

ol-ónítóí

Nom pl: ink-ónito

Acc pl: il-oníto. Nom pl: il-ónito. n.pl. Hides,

skins; used on

beds, etc. Óre oshî táatá nɛ́taá intáirí eishopí imeékúré áâ ɨnamʉ́ka oóloníto ánaa apá. These days people wear tire sandals, not leather sandals like before. (Pk).

ink-oníto Small pieces of skin. See: ink-oníto oó nkíyiaa ‘Leather ɔ́nɔ̂m

beaded earrings’; ol-coní ‘Hide’.

[Chamus] Acc sg: ɔnɔ̂m. num. Fifty. Etymology: < Proto-Kalenjin/ProtoSouthern-Nilotic *kɔnɔm < Proto-Baz *konom 'fifty' (Heine, Rottland & Vossen 1979:85).

a-ɔnɔ́r v. To break through (a fence, etc.), bulldoze. a-ɔ́ny [North]: a-óny. v.prog. 1 • To bite; tear with one's teeth. aɔ́ny enkiriŋó tɔɔ́ lalá to bite meat with teeth. Áɔ́ny ́ta. I am

biting it [fruit, meat, etc.] (W). 2 • [North] To sting (of insects). Etymology: Proto-Ongamo-Maa *-ɔɲ, 'bite (v.)' (Vossen 1989:195) from Proto-Teso-Lotuko-Maa *-kɔɲ- 'bite (v.)' (Vossen 1982:334).

a-ɔnyɨɔ́ny

1 • To

bite constantly.

be muddy. Ɛtɔwɔny ́wɔnyɔ dúóó ɛnkɔ̂p amû ɛ́ ́pʉ́tá ɛsárŋab. The ground is sticky because it is full of mud. (Pk). See: ɛ-ɔ́nyátá ‘Biting’. 2 • To

l-onya-kírí [North]

[North] Nom pl: l-onya-kírîn. n.pl. [North]

tipped mongoose (lit: meat eater).

ɨnk-ɔnyɛ́k a-ɔnyɨɔ́ny

Black-

Herpestes sanguineus.

n.pl. Eyes. See: ɛnk-ɔŋʉ́ ‘Eye’.

v. 1 • To

repeatedly.

bite repeatedly. aɔnyɨɔ́ny ɛndââ To bite food

be muddy. Kɛ́ɔn ̄ y ̄ɔ̄ny ɛnkɔ̂p The ground is muddy. See: ɛ-ɔnyɨɔ́nyɨ ‘Muddy’. 2 • To

ɛ-ɔnyɨɔ́nyɨ

muddy’.

ol-ónyókíé

Nom sg: ɛ-ɔ́nyɨɔ́nyɨ. adj. Muddy. See: a-ɔnyɨɔ́ny ‘To

be

n. Day

of the full moon; "red" day of the moon (lit: that which is red). See: ɔl-ɔnyɔ́r ̄ ‘Day before the full moon’.

l-ɔ́nyʉ́k ́ɛ́ lɛ l-ápa [North] [North] Day after the full moon; the 15th day of the lunar month (lit: red of the moon).

ɛnk-ɔnyɔ́rɨ

of the stomachs of a goat or sheep (lit: that which is green). Tápála ɛnkɔnyɔ́rɨ m ́nyá amʉ̂ ɛnɔɔ́ ntasáti. Leave alone the stomach (of the goat/sheep), don't eat it, because it is for women. See: ɛm-pʉ́nʉ́ká ‘One of the stomachs of a cow’; ɛnk-ayá ‘Stomach, intestines’.

ɔl-ɔnyɔ́r ̄

n. One

n.m. The

day before the full moon; the "green" day of the moon (lit: that which is green). Tɔ lɔ́nyɔ̄r ̄ lɔ́lápa kɛnyá kíntúpúkúni. During the green days of the moon you will undergo the ritual of enkútúpúkúnotó. (Pk). See: l-kádɛ́d [North] ‘Day before the full moon’; ol-ónyókíé ‘Day of the fullmoon’.

l-onyórī lɛ l-ápa [North] [North] Full moon, 14th day of the lunar month and the day before l-onyukie la l-apa.

e-ónyótó

[North] Nom sg: onyotó. [North] Acc pl: onyót. [North] Nom pl: onyót.

n. Biting,

bite (of insect, snake, etc.).

l-ɔ́nyʉ́k ́ɛ́ lɛ l-ápa [North]

n.phrase. [North]

ɔŋán [Chamus]

Daytime.

Day after the full moon; the 15th day of the lunar month (lit: red of the moon). See: ol-ónyókíé ‘Day of the full moon; "red" day of the moon’. n. [Chamus]

parkéji [North] ‘Daytime’.

ɔl-ɔŋaríé k ́na

See: ɛn-dáma ‘Daytime’; m-

Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́ŋarie

k ́na. n. His brother, of the same mother (lit: the one with whom he/she shares the breast). See: ɔl-áŋáríé k ́na ‘My brother’; a-ŋár ‘To share’.

ɔ́ŋáta2 [South] Acc sg: ɔ́ŋátá. adv. Outside. Néípaŋíéki ɔladúóó tʉŋáni, nɛ́yā ̄ naá ɔ́ŋáta. That person is made to go

outside, he is taken outside.

ɔ́ŋátá1

Nom sg: ɔŋatá. Acc pl: ɔŋát. n. Plain,

flat open country, wilderness. Képúó dúóó áatumo tɨ ɔŋatá. They were going to meet outside. See: áŋátá ‘Plain, desert, flat country’.

Ɔ́ŋátá Barrikói

name in Trans-Mara, Kenya, 20 km. south of Lolgorien, on the border with Tanzania (lit: brown plain .

L-ɔ́ŋɛ́l ̂ [North]

n.prop. Place

[North] Nom pl: L-ɔŋɛl .́ n.prop. [North]

Samburu phratry in the white cattle moiety, which keeps mostly white cattle. Members of this clan are politicians.

l-ɔŋɔlɨŋɔl ́ [North] ɔŋɔ́n

unrest.

[North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́ŋɔlɨŋɔl .́ n. [North]

See: l-ɔlɛmɨlɛm

Note: Maralal

́ [North] ‘Riot, unrest’.

Riot,

speakers object to this, say it should be wɔŋɔ́n or wɔŋánNom sg: ɔ́ŋɔn. n. Light. See: ɛ-waŋán ‘light’.

ɛnk-ɔŋʉ́1

Nom sg: ɛnk-ɔ́ŋʉ. Acc pl: ɨnk-ɔnyɛ́k. Nom pl: ɨnk-ɔnyɛ́k. [North]

ɨlpáp ́t lɔɔ́ nkɔnyɛ́k eye lashes, eye brows (lit: hairs of the eyes). enconí ɛ́ nkɔŋʉ́ eyelid (lit: skin of the eye). Eímúá ɛnkɔŋʉ́ ilkíyio. Tears dropped from Nom pl: nk-ɔ́nyɛk. n. 1 • Eye.

the eye. 2 • Socket.

of water, pool. ɛnkɔŋʉ́ ɛ́ nkárɛ́ a source of water. ɛnkɔŋʉ́ ɛ́ mʉny (spring of the rhino) is the name of the town, Ngong. The word ɛnkɔŋʉ́ has been anglicised to Ngong. 3 • Spring

4 • bulb

of a torch. ɛnkɔŋʉ́ ó sitíma Bulb of a torch.

k ́ma ɔ́ŋʉ Bushbaby (lit: one-with-fiery eye (?)). a-gól ɔ́ŋʉ To be disobedient (lit: the eye to be hard). Note: 'Eye' must be in the Nominative

a-g ́l ɛnk-ɔŋʉ́ To squint (lit: to break the eye). a-dány ɛnk-ɔŋʉ́ 1 • To poke in the eye (lit: to burst the eye). 2 • To

give a small piece of whatever you are eating to

somebody (mostly a child) who is looking at you.

a-lɛ́j ɨnk-ɔnyɛ́k To pretend (lit: the eyes to cheat). a-ɨbɔ́rr ɔnyɛ́k To be promiscuous (lit: the eyes to be white). a-rɔ́k ɔnyɛ́k To be unable to identify people easily (lit: the eyes to be black).

eniɔŋʉ́ Amazement; grimmace (lit: of-the-eye [feminine]). e-netoníé ɛnkɔ́ŋʉ Eye socket (lit: where the eye sits down). ɛnk-ɔŋʉ́ ó loúdo The socket of the hip (lit: eye of the open one).

ɛ-ná ́mɨn ɛ nárɔ́k ɔ́ŋʉ Total darkness (lit: darkness of the black eye).

ɛnk-ɔŋʉ́ ŋirô Sick eye (lit: grey eye). ɛ-nɛ́rɔ́k ɛ́ nk-ɔŋʉ́ Pupil (lit: the place that is black of the eye). ɛ-nɛ́ ́bɔ́rr ɛ́ nk-ɔŋʉ́ Conjunctiva (lit: the place that is white of the eye).

ɔl-pʉ̂s lɛ́ nk-ɔŋʉ́ Iris (of any color, including brown) (lit: blue of the eye).

nk-ɔŋʉ́ nárɔ́k [North] [North] Pupil and iris. áa-rɨpa ɨnk-ɔnyɛ́k Blind (lit: the eyes to be sewn). See: ol-obóíta ɔl-ɔŋʉ́5

ɔ́ŋʉ ‘One eyed person’; a-ɨrrɨapíé ɛnkɔŋʉ́ ‘To blink’.

Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́ŋʉ. Acc pl: ɨl-ɔnyɛ́k. Nom pl: ɨl-ɔ́nyɛk. n. 1 • Spring,

source (lit: big eye). Ɛg ́ra ɛnkárɛ aɨt ́r amʉ̂ etudúŋe ɛnkɔ́ŋʉ ɛ́ ncɔ́rrɔ. The water (flow) has broken because the source has been cut. (Pk). 2 • Big eye. Usage: rare. 3 • Pain in the muscles. 4 • Decorative pattern, especially one that is not repeated, made on a garment or a shield. 5 • [North] Window; hole in the house for peeping through and for light. Usage: figurative.

6 • [North]

Circle drawn on paper. See: e-lusíét ‘Window’; enaudotó ‘Window’.

ɛnk-ɔŋʉ́ ɛ mʉ̂ny

town; name of town southwest of Nairobi (lit: eye of the rhino; spring of the rhino). This place is also known as just ɛnk-ɔŋʉ́ and the anglicized version Ngong is derived from this. The place is also known as ɛn-cɔ́rrɔ ɛ mʉ̂ny 'Spring of the rhino.'. A puddle or a spring is often called ɛnk-ɔŋʉ́ 'eye.'. See: ɛn-cɔ́rrɔ ɛ́ mʉ̂ny ‘Ngong town’.

oŋúán

n.prop. Ngong

[oŋwán] Nom sg: óŋuan. Nom pl: oóŋuan. [North] Acc sg: ongúán. num.

Four. In Samburu, ongúán designates 'four (feminine)'. imbolunót oŋúán four chapters (W). Náajokí ́sʉmá embolúnotó eoŋúán. He told me to read Chapter Four. (W). Kégól embolúnotó éóŋūān olêŋ. Chapter Four is very hard. (W). Ɛshɔmɔ́ pɔ́kʉ́ra oóŋuan anapárr All four (of them) have gone today. (SN). Kɛ́ ́dɨm ɛntám ̂s atɔtɔ́na inkóloŋi tɔmɔn o óŋuan ɛɨtʉ eok ɛnkárɛ́. A camel can stay for fourteen days without water. (lit: A camel can stay ten and four days without drinking water.) (Pk). See: oónguan [North] ‘Four (masc)’.

ol-óŋúí

Nom sg: ol-oŋúí. Acc pl: il-ooŋû. Nom pl: il-óoŋu. n.

Usage: derogatory. Stinker;

nickname used by the Maasai to designate the Kamba people (lit: he who smells). See: a-ŋú ‘To stink’; ol-áíkámpáí ‘Kamba tribesman’.

l-oŋunyuŋunyí [North] -óo óó

n.pl. [North]

ɨŋʉnyʉŋʉ́ny [North] ‘To murmur’.

Complaints.

See: a-

dir. Advanced

tongue root variant of -áa, motion away, iterative, and distributive aspect suffix. See: -áa.

interj. Particle

which begins a response, indicating that the respondent has heard or understood what has been said. Néjokí, "Papâ!" "Óó. Káji doí íŋúāā?" He said to him, "Papâ!" [The old man replied,] "Óó, Where do you come from?". See: hoé ‘Yes’.

ɔɔ́

Variant: oó. Nom pl: ɔ́ɔ,̄

ɔ́ɔ. psr.prt. 1 • Possessor particle, which preceeds a plural possessor noun. Óre ɛnkáŋ oó motónyī nɛ́akunyé eúnótó ́nâ. The (ceremonial) home-of-birds becomes the installation-home-for-warriors just like that. tɛ mʉráta ɔ́ɔ nkayîôk in the circumcision of boys. ɨlkɨdɔŋɔ́ lɔɔ́ isirkôn the donkies' tails. Kádɔ́l ɨlcɔrɛ́tā lɔɔ́ laiyôk. I will see the friends of the boys. Épúó ɨlcɔ́rɛta lɔ́ɔ ̄ laiyôk. The friends of the boys will go. Átɔ́dúaa apá ɔltɔ́mɛ́ tɔlalɛ́ lɔ́ɔ ŋúési. I saw an elephant in the game park (reserve). (Pk). Ɛg ́ra ɔlpáyian aitó ɛnkáŋ oó nkíshú. The man is going back to his home where cows are. (lit: The man is going back home of the cows.) (Pk). 2 • Partitive ?? when combined with the oblique preposition tɛ; of. Nɛ́manáa tɔɔ́ aŋitíé asotú ɨmálasin ɔmɛ́ ́dɨpá. He goes around (at) the homes to collect (beer) gourds until he finishes. See: ɛ́ ‘Feminine singular possessive particle. See paradigms there.’.

ɔɔ́ [North] ɔɔ́-

conj. [North]

Whether ... or not; used to introduce each of two related clauses.

Variant: ɔɔ-

before Falling tone. Nom pl: ɔ́ɔ-̄ . pn.b. Relative clause prefix for masculine third person plural head noun. Ɨlpayianí ɔɔ́ramat ́shɔ óotum inkíshú kúmok olêŋ. It is the men that take care of their livestock that get more cows. Lmʉ́rran ɔɔ́tɛrrɛpak ́ ɔ́ɔshɔmɔ́ njóré. It is the warriors that have been praised that have gone for a raid. (SN). Lmaŋátí ɔ́ɔrasakɨta iyióó táatá. It is the enemies who are attacking us now. (SN). Lpáēg óotií lbɛ́nɛ́. It is maize (pl) that is in the bag. (SN). ɨlɔɔmʉ̂k ɛnáíshíó those that brew beer. Ádɔ́t ́ta kʉldɔ̂ loólubó. I am seeing/looking at those gluttons. (W).

ɔl-ɔ́ɔd ́ ɔ́ kɨrragatá [West]

Variant: ɔl-ɔ́dɔ́

k ́rrágátá; ɔadɔ́

k ́rrágátá. n. Giraffe (lit: the one of the big space for lying down). Ɔlɔ́ɔd ́ ɔ́ kɨrragatá ɛlɛ́. This is a giraffe. See: a-adɔ́ ‘To be long, tall’; a-ɨrrág ‘To lie, lie down’; ɔl-carkúk ‘Giraffe’.

ɔl-ɔ́ɔd ́ ɔ́ kɨrragatá

Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́ɔdɔ

kɨrragatá. n. Giraffe (lit: that

which lies on a long surface). Imbénék oó lkeék oshî ɛ́nyá ɔlɔ́ɔdɔ kɨrragatá. A giraffe feeds on leaves from trees. See: ɔl-carkúk ‘Giraffe’.

ɨl-oogólalá

n.prop. For

further details, see: Jan Voshaar, Tracing God's Walking-Stick, pp. 20-21.Remnants of an original section of the Maasai who now live around Inkorika, east of Kajiado Town, Kajiado District, Kenya. See: a-gól ‘To be hard’; ɔl-álaɨ ‘Tooth, tusk’.

óóí interj. Oh. See: áuuî ‘Help!’. l-ɔɔ ́bɔ̄r kíneji n.pl. Herders. See: ɨl-párakuo ‘Cattle keepers’. Ol-oololo n.prop. 1 • Name of a hill on the Isiria Escarpment;

sometimes this name is applied to the whole escarpment. (lit: which-bends-round). 2 • Isiria Escarpment. See: a-looló ‘To go round, bend, saunter’.

ɨl-ɔ́ɔm n.pl. Rafters. See: ol-óómí ‘Rafter’. ol-óómí Nom sg: ol-oomí. Acc pl: ɨl-ɔ́ɔm. Nom pl: ɨl-ɔ́ɔm ̂ . n. Long slender

roofing sticks visible from the inside of a traditional house, installed in a criss-cross pattern; about the diameter of two fingers. Rafters are laid horizonally around ɛmbókīshīī during the construction of houses, to make the initial roof. Where they overlap, they are tied together. Grass is then put on to fill in the spaces, after which cow dung is spread to make the final roof. See: embókíshii ‘Vertical construction posts’; ɛ-ŋápɛ́ ‘Supports’; ɛr ́shɨna ‘Roof sticks’; enk-opitó ‘String’.

oónguan [North]

See: oŋúán ‘Four’.

num. [North]

n-ɔɔ́nkɔ́shua [North]

Four (masculine).

Nom sg: n-ɔ́ɔnkɔ́shua. n. [North]

Stomach

upsets experienced by women at their first two or three months of pregnancy; nausea, morning-sickness (lit: that of the stomachs).

ɔl-ɔɔ́ntaléŋo Nom sg: ɔlɔ́ɔntaléŋo. n. Third finger. See: ŋotó-kílintâ. l-oorturót [North] n. [North] Winds that signal coming rains. lekumecín [North] [North] Water that escapes from cattle during pregnancy.

ɔl-ɔɔ́saên Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́ɔsaên. n. The East. ɔl-ɔɔs ́ n. Work. Syn: e-síáai ‘Work’. ɔl-ɔɔ́tɛrɛ́gɛ n. Deceased boy; between the ages of birth and preɔɔ́tɨ óotú

adolescence (lit: he of the testicles). See: ol-terégelî ‘Testicle’; ɛndɔ́rrɔ́p sésên ‘Deceased uncircumcised girl’. n. Young.

plural of a-lotú 'come'. Óotú ɛ́ntasotú ɨmálasin. Come and collect beer gourds. See: a-lotú ‘To come (sg)’; áa-puonu ‘To come (pl)’. v.imp.pl. Imperative

ɔpá adv. Long ago. See: apá; apá ‘Long ago’. ɔl-ɔpɛ́ny Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́pɛny. Acc pl: ɨl-aápɛ́ny. Nom pl: ɨl-ɔ́ɔpɛ̂ny. [North] Acc sg: lɔpɛ́ny. [North] Nom sg: lɔ́pɛny. [North] Acc pl: lɔɔ́pɛny. [North] Nom pl: lɔ́ɔpɛ́ny. n. Owner.

Ekébikóo intókitin pɔ́ɔkɨ náaramát

ɨlɔ́ɔpɛ̂ny. All things that their owners care for last long. (Pk). lɔpɛ́ny ŋók sinner (lit: the owner of sin). ɔl-ɔpɛ́ny olórika Chairman (lit: chair owner). Ɛg ́ra ɔlɔ́pɛny olórika aɨtashé aŋór olórika lɛnyɛ́. The chairman is contesting again to defend his seat. (Pk).

ɔ́pɛny [North]: ápɛny. [Chamus]: ɔpɛ́ny. Plural: ɔ́ɔpɛ́ny. adv. Alone. Ɛg ́ra ɔltʉ́ŋání ógogoŋ akɛlɛlarí aló ɔ́pɛny. The antisocial person is going alone. (Pk). Ɛáta ́nâ kítok léwáísho amʉ̂ nɨnyɛ́ ná ́torɛ ɛnkáŋ ɔ́pɛny. That woman has (the responsibilities of) manhood because she takes care of the family all alone. (W). See: a-kɛparí ‘To stay alone’.

nk-ɔpɛ́râ ̂ [North]

[North] Nom sg: nk-ɔ́pɛrâ .̂ [North] Acc pl: nk-ɔpɛra.

[North] Nom pl: nk-ɔ́pɛrá. n. [North]

ɔl-ɔp ́ [North]

n. [North]

Thomson's gazelle.

Gazella thomsoni.

Type of club which has a rounded head and which tapers down to a point at the opposite end. This kind of club is used by newly circumcised boys. It usually has one pointed end with wax on it. See: en-júlúl ‘Club with pointed end’.

l-ɔp ́ k ́dɔŋɔ̂ ̂ [North] sharp tail).

n.phrase. [North]

Kind of tough grass (lit:

Setaria sphacelata.

ɔl-ɔp ́ lɛ́ ntákule [South]

lɛ́ ntákule. Acc pl: ɨl-ɔɔp ̂ lɔɔ́ ntakúlen. Nom pl: ɨl-ɔ́ɔpɨ lɔ́ɔ ntakúlen. n. [South] Elbow (lit: the sharp of the forearm). See: ol-oidólol ‘Elbow’; ɛntákule ‘Forearm’.

nk-opîâ [North]

Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́pɨ

[North] Nom sg: nk-ópia. [North] Acc pl: nk-opianí.

[North] Nom pl: nk-ópianí. n. [North] Etymology: Swahili

kofia.

l-ɔ́p ́d ́p ́d [North]

Hat.

See: enk-opíyia ‘Hat,

cap’.

́d. n. [North] Disease of small stock associated with malnutrition.

enk-ópíró

[North] Nom sg: l-ɔpɨdɨp

Variant: opírō. Acc pl: ink-opír. [North] Nom sg: nk-opiró. [North]

Acc pl: nk-opír. [North] Nom pl: nk-ópir. n. 1 • Feather.

In S this

especially denotes a small feather. Kɛ́āta emótonyî inkopír aré naáādɔ tɛ siadí. A bird has two feathers that are long on its tail. 2 • Rank-and-file.

l-ópíró [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-opiró. [North] Acc pl: l-ɔp

́r. [North] Nom pl: l-ɔ́pɨr. 1 • [North] Large feather, as of the ostrich or chicken. 2 • [North] Cloud bank of nimbus clouds, as seen from a distance.

ol-ópíró n. Lengthy heavy rain. See: ɛn-cán ‘Rain’. a-ɔpɨshɔ́ v.mid. To be dangerous. enk-opitó Nom sg: enk-ópitó. Acc pl: ɨnk-opít. Nom pl: ɨnk-ópit. [North] Acc

sg: nk-opitó. Variant: nk-opítō. n. 1 • Cord,

string, bark string, eg.

used in making a house. 2 • Gummy substance on the inside of a freshly removed piece of bark. Ɛɨnɔs ́ta náají Náísía ́ enkopitó. Naisiai was chewing the gum from the inside of a piece of bark. (Pk). Óre

teníntáyū enkabobóki tíórioŋ ɔlcaní náa éísídá ́ teníkinyú enkopitó. When you remove a piece of bark

froma tree, it is good to remove the white inner side of it. (Pk). See: ɛnk-abobóki ‘Bark’; m-baláti ‘Bark’.

enk-opíyia

Nom sg: enk-ópiyia. Acc pl: ink-opiyianí. Nom pl: ink-

ópiyianí. [West] Acc sg: en-kopíyia. [Chamus] Acc sg: kop ́ya. n. Hat. Ɛt ́p ́ká ɛndâ opíyia enkúé áí. They have put that hat on my head. See: en-karandá ‘Cap, hat’; sióga ‘Hat’. Borrowed word: Swahili kofia 'hat'.

ol-opolóli

n. Grazing

kɔ́p ‘Land, field’.

ɔl-ɔpɔlɔ́sɨ ɔl-k ́tɛ́ŋ

field or pasture set apart for calves.

See: ɛn-

one who gives an ox for sacrifice. Chief of a group of boys who are about to be initiated. This individual is chosen just prior to the en-kipaata ceremony, and is to carry all the sins of his age group. See: ɛn-k ́páátá ‘Precircumcision ceremony’.

l-ópóní [North]

n. The

[North] Nom sg: l-oponí. [North] Acc pl: l-ópon. [North] Nom

pl: l-ópôn. n. 1 • [North]

Long-sized bead. 2 • [North] Tree sp. whose fruit is used for beads. Erythrina abyssinica.

l-opukúrorô [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ópukúrorô. n. [North]

Calabash with a cup-lid which is overfilled with milk.

l-opúpôî [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-opupôî. [North] Acc pl: l-opúpo.

[North] Nom pl: l-ópupo. n. [North]

[North] ‘Tse-tse fly’.

ɔl-ɔpʉrpʉrána

n.prop. Alternative

Tse-tse fly.

See: sanampûr

Maa name for the town of Kajiado (lit: that which is spherical, round, dome-shaped). See: ɔl-Kɛjʉ́ādɔ̄ ‘Kajiado’.

a-ór1

[Purko]: ɔ́rr. [North]: wórr. [Chamus]: wór. v.prog. To

sweep, brush. Áóríto ɛnkɔ́p. I am sweeping the floor/ground.

a-oró v.mid. To be swept. a-oroó v.dir. To sweep away. Áóróo inkulukúók tɛ nkɔ̂p. I will sweep dirt from the floor.

a-orokí inkulukúók a-ór1

v.dat. To

weed (lit: 'to sweep the soil'). See: a-sɛmpɛ́r ‘To weed’; a-kúrr ‘To scrape’.

[Purko]: ɔ́rr. [North]: wórr. [Chamus]: wór. v.prog. To

sweep, brush. Áóríto ɛnkɔ́p. I am sweeping the floor/ground.

a-oró v.mid. To be swept. a-oroó v.dir. To sweep away. Áóróo inkulukúók tɛ nkɔ̂p. I will sweep dirt from the floor.

a-orokí inkulukúók a-ór1

v.dat. To

weed (lit: 'to sweep the soil'). See: a-sɛmpɛ́r ‘To weed’; a-kúrr ‘To scrape’.

[Purko]: ɔ́rr. [North]: wórr. [Chamus]: wór. v.prog. To

sweep, brush. Áóríto ɛnkɔ́p. I am sweeping the floor/ground.

a-oró v.mid. To be swept. a-oroó v.dir. To sweep away. Áóróo inkulukúók tɛ nkɔ̂p. I will sweep dirt from the floor.

a-orokí inkulukúók

v.dat. To

weed (lit: 'to sweep the soil'). See: a-sɛmpɛ́r ‘To weed’; a-kúrr ‘To scrape’.

a-ór2 v. To bray, moo. a-ór [North]3 v. [North] To divide, separate, split off. a-oríé [North] 1 • [North] To break up, split apart (eg. two fighters). 2 • [North] To leave s.o.

a-oró [North] v.mid. [North] To be divided. a-orór [North] v. [North] To sort out, divide into small groups. a-ororí [North] [North] To move away, leaving behind one's

neighbours.

a-orú [North] a-ɔ́r

v.dir. 1 • [North]

To rob, take by force. 2 • [North] To save from punishment or death by restraining an assailant.

́ ŕ . divide, separate, split off. Ɛɔ He will divide it. Ɛɔrʉ́nyɛ. He will separate himself from (sth.). Ɛɔ́rʉ́nyɛ. It will be divided. (W). [North]: a-ór. [Chamus] Acc sg: ór. v. To

a-oríé a-ɔrɨk ́

v.inst. To

a-ɔrɔɔ́

v.dir. To

divide from, divide with, divide at.

divide amongst. Ɛlɛ̂ bótór ɔ́ɔrɨk ́. It is this older one that will sub-divide for them. Étóóshô ɨnkɛ́râ olkeréri peê étúmí áatɔɔrɨk ́ ɛndáa. The children have made a queue so that the food can be served to them. (Pk). v.dat. To

feed an orphaned young animal. nɛɔ́rɔ̄rɛ̄ ‘Boundary’; a-r ́sh ‘To divide’.

See: ɛ-

ór ór ideo. The sound of braying. Néjo ór, ór. He said "or or". l-órdô [North] n. [North] Plant sp. whose leaves may be cooked óre

and eaten.

Cyphostemma adenocaule.

conj. 1 • Discourse

conjunction used to introduce an adverbial clause which sets a time frame for a following clause or paragraph. The adverbial clause may indicate some degree of discontinuity between ideas or sequences of events: then, while, and now etc. Néjo: "Óre taá enikinkô?" They said, "Now what are we going to do?". Kóre peê ɛ́dɔ́l iyioó lósowuaní nɛ́arári áaɨsɨg. When the buffalo saw us, they ran away fleeing. (SN). Kóre ɛdaá nɛ́bāʉ̄. When she is eating, he will arrive. (W). 2 • Indicator of conceptual realization: previously one did not know but suddenly comes to know. Cf: Nɛ́kɛnyʉ́ kíâs

ɛntɛ́mátá. Nájádɔ́l kóre imbáa kúmok, néíŋúaa embólúnotó eoŋwúán. Then the following morning we did

-óre

the exam. I tried to see and realised that a lot of questions came from chapter four. Compare the same sentence but without kóre: Nɛ́kɛnyʉ́ kíâs ɛntɛ́mátá. Nájádɔ́l imbáa kúmok, néíŋúaa embólúnotó eoŋwúán. 'Then the following morning we did the exam. I tried to see whether a lot of questions came from chapter four'. See: peê ‘So that’. of the Action nominalizer -árɛ. ɛnâ ríkóre ɔɔ́ lashʉmpá this leadership of the white people (KS). nmlz. Variant

óre peê conj. 1 • After. Óre peê kɨbarnʉ́ ɨlpáp ́t lo lmelíl, níkiduŋuduŋ. When (ie., after) we shave hair from the neck, we shall cut it into pieces.

while. Óre peê ɛnap náa ɛnkɔr ́ɔ́ŋ etíī . 'When he carried it [honey], it was on the back [of the elephant]'. 2 • When,

order to. Óre peê kɨnd ́m áataas ́nâ báɛ... So that we can do these things... See: peê ‘Temporal and logical subordinating conjunction’. 3 • In

ol-órere

Nom sg: ol-órére. Acc pl: il-orérēn. Nom pl: il-órerén. [North] Nom

pl: l-óreren. n. 1 • People.

Ɛɛ́ la apá ɨlMaasá ́ ilorérén

ɔɔ́tɨmɨra. The Maasai assimilated the people they defeated in war. (Pk). Auui, loorere enyioto amʉ̂ ewaki ntare inyi! Help! People, wake up! somebody has stolen your sheep! Nɛ́nya apá ɛnâ kúkuû olórere. This animal ate people. 2 • Gathering

of people; crowd. 3 • Community, population.

people group. Óre apá peê áâ ɔlɛ́ ́lɔ órere náa mɛ́nyɛ́ apá oyarárotó. He became of that people because his father went into captivity. (Pk). See: ol-oshô; en-tipat ‘Tribe’. 4 • Tribe,

e-orét

Nom sg: e-óret. Acc pl: i-oréta. Nom pl: i-óreta. [Purko] Acc sg: ɔrɛ́t. n.

Broom.

See: a-ór ‘To

l-oríc-ɔnyɛ́k [North]

sweep’; ɔl-árao ‘Broom’; l-piríyeét ‘Broom’.

arbitrates the eyes).

n.phrase. [North]

Bridge of the nose (lit:

nk-oríī [North]

Sound heard from afar (eg. of a car, herds). See: ol-tóíló ‘Voice, sound’.

l-ɔrɨk ́nɛ́ [North] in June-July.

enk-oríni

n. [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́rɨk

Nom sg: enk-órini. Acc pl: ink-orîn. Nom pl: ink-órin. n. Thin

wire for sewing beads. beeds’.

oríóŋ1

́nɛ́. n. [North] Rainy season

See: ol-gísoi ‘Thin

wire for threading

[North] Acc sg: orióŋ. [North] Nom sg: órioŋ. n.r. 1 • Behind,

spatially in back of. Etíí oríóŋ ají. He is at the back of (ie., outside and behind) the house. (Pk). 2 • [North] Outside (of an object).

tɛ órioŋ

2 • On

1 • Behind.

enk-oríóŋ2

the outside of. See: kʉ́rʉm; síádí ‘Behind’.

Nom sg: enk-órioŋ. Acc pl: ink-órioŋi. n. 1 • Back;

the part of a person's or animal's body that is on the opposite side from the chest, and which goes from the neck to the bottom of the spine or tail. Mɛdɔl ɔltʉ́ŋání entóki natíí enkoríóŋ. A person cannot see what is on his back. See: ɛ-siadí ‘Back’. 2 • The back side of sth.; eg. opposite side of a house from where the entrance is. aj ́ŋ enkoríóŋ To stand behind, give support to s.o. side of hand, non-sole side of foot. orióŋ ɛ́ nkáíná Back of hand. Ɛt́ ápéjó olconí liorióŋ ɛnká ́ná ɛnk ́ma. The fire has burned the skin of the back of her hand. (Pk). orióŋ ɛ́ nkɛjʉ́ Top of foot. 3 • Non-palm

4 • Outer

part of sth. Ant: atûâ ‘Inside’.

5 • Hilltop. See: ɛnk-ɔ́shɔkɛ ‘Stomach;

hillside’.

l-óik lɛ́ nk-oríóŋ Backbone, bones of the back. lákʉ́nyá lɛ́ nk-oríóŋ Spinal cord (lit: brain of the back). enk-oríóŋ ilomón Literal or surface meaning of one's words

(lit: on the back of the words).

l-órísé [North]

Nom sg: l-orisé. n. 1 • [North]

Tool for removing hair

from hide or skin. 2 • [North] Tool for carving wooden calabashes. See: a-kít ‘To remove hair from skin/hide’.

l-órísíé [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-orisíé. [North] Acc pl: l-orísien. n.

[North] Hand tool with wooden handle and iron blade. lórísíé lɔɔ́ ndápan Tool used for scraping hides which are to be worn (S). See: ɛn-dapanâ ‘Skin, hide’.

ol-órika

Nom sg: ol-óríkā. Acc pl: il-oríkān. Nom pl: il-órikán. [North] Acc

sg: l-ɔ́rɨka. [North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́r

́ka. [North] Acc pl: l-ɔr ́kân. [North] Nom pl: lɔ́rɨkán. [South] Acc sg: ɔl-órika. n. 1 • Seat, chair, stool. olórika ɛldɛ́. That is a chair. iloríkān ɔááre two chairs. Emúá

tɔrrɔ́nɔ̂ ɔ́ lcaní oleléshūā tenéítobiríéki iloríkān. Oleleshua is a bad type of tree from which to make chairs.

Nɛ́tɔn táatá tɛ nkaɨná ɛ́ tátɛ́nɛ́ ó lórika lé nkítóó ɛ ɛ́nkAī. He sat today at the right hand of the seat of authority (throne) of God. lɔ́rɨka dápác Stool commonly found in Samburu homes (lit: broad stool) (S). Traditionally, women are not allowed to sit on these stools, and ritual items are placed on them during ceremonies.

olórika lɛ́ ríkóre a political, leadership seat. l-órīkā lɛ́ nkue [North] [North] A small chair-like tool for 2 • Position.

áa-ɔrɔ ɔl-ɔ́rɔ1

supporting ones head while lying down (as a pillow). In Samburu, this is used just by elders (a different variety may be used by warriors). v.mid.pl. To

be divided, separated, split.

Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́rɔ̂. Acc pl: ɨl-óroi. Nom pl: ɨl-órói. n. He-goat,

(uncastrated).

ɛ-ɔ́rɔ2

See: a-ɔ́r ‘To

n. Division.

ɔ́r ‘To divide’.

See: ɛn-tʉ́dɛ́ ‘Male

goat’.

divide’.

billy-goat

ɨlarrábálí ɔ́ ɛɔ́rɔ conflicts and division. See: a-

ol-orôk n. Shin. ɔlɔrôk lɛ́nkɛjʉ́ shin. ɔl-ɔ́rɔ́k n. Black person (lit: one who is black). ɔl-ɔ́rɔ́k kʉ́tʉ́k n. 1 • Donkey (lit: one that is black-mouth). 2 • Stick

with charcoal point, used by women to clean calabashes.

l-ɔ́rɔ́k-kidoŋôî [North]

Black-tipped mongoose (lit: black tailed). See: l-onya-kírí [North] ‘Blacktipped mongoose’.

ɔrɔkʉ́cʉ

n. Herpestes sanguineus. [North]

[North] Acc sg: L-ɔrɔkʉ́cʉ. n.prop n.pl. [North]

A Samburu phratry in the white cattle moity. One speaker indicates that this "clan" keeps mostly black cattle.

a-ɔrɔɔ́ v. To feed a young orphaned young animal. Ɨncɔɔ́kɨ esiɔrɔ́g náórórīē elɛ̂ áshê. Give me a (leather) funnel to use for feeding this calf. (Pk).

ol-oróra

Variant: ɔl-ɔrɔ́ra. n. 1 • Big

gathering of people; crowd, group. 2 • Big migration. See: ɛn-aɨdʉ́rra ‘Migration’.

l-ɔrɔ́ra [North]

Variant: l-oróra. [North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́rɔra,

Acc pl: l-ɔrɔraní,

l-órorá. [North]

l-ororaní. [North] Nom pl: l-óroraní. [Chamus] Acc sg: ɔrʉ́ra. n. 1 • [North] Village. 2 • [North] Large kraal or manyata constructed by the clan, mostly for the circumcision of boys, but also for other ceremonies. Etowúákɨ lɔrɔ́rá tɛ márlal. A manyata has been constructed at Marlal. 3 • Home for special ceremony.

l-ɔrɔ́rā lɛ́ nkárná A manyata for the name. l-ɔrɔ́rā lɛ́ lɔɨŋɔ́nɨ A manyata for the bull. See: ɛnk-áŋ ‘Home, kraal’; ɛ-mányátá ‘Warrior's village’.

a-ororí v.dir v.mid. To move right away. l-óróroi [North] [North] Nom sg: l-oróroi. [North] Acc pl: l-óroro. [North] Nom pl: l-óróro. n. [North]

Large tree sp.

Boscia angustifolia.

ɔl-ɔrɔrɔ́m

Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́rɔrɔ́m. Acc pl: il-ororomi. Variant: ɨl-ɔɔ́rɔrɔm. n.

Upper front or "bridge" of nose.

e-oróti

of nose’.

oráti. [North] Nom sg: óroti. [North] Acc pl: ɔrɔ́t. [North] Nom pl: ɔrɔ́t. n. Piece, part, share, bit. See: a-ɔ́r ‘To divide’.

a-orú

[North] Acc sg: orótī,

See: ɔl-ɔsɔsíóm ‘Bridge

rob, deprive of. Tɔ́bɔbɔla tɔ́ɔrʉ́ ́lɔ̂ mʉrʉ́nya. Wrestle him and snatch away that razor blade. (Pk). v. To

l-orúko [North] e-órr

[North] Nom sg: l-óruko. [North] Acc pl: l-orúkôn. n.

[North] High ground, as between watercourses; watershed, divide. See: a-rúk ‘To pass through’. Nom sg: e-ôrr. Acc pl: i-orró. Nom pl: i-órro. n. Open

perched place.

spot; bare place;

l-ɔrrɛ́cɔ [North]

Variant: l-orrésho. [North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́rrɛcɔ. Variant: l-

l-orríán [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-órrîân. [North] Acc pl: l-orrianí. [North]

órrēshō. [North] Acc pl: l-orreconí. n. [North] Bridge. sagám ‘Bridge’.

See: ɔ-

Nom pl: l-órrianí. n. 1 • [North]

Swamp. 2 • [North] Large green grassy area, eg. as found by a stream; greensward, meadow. See: ol-buáá ‘Swamp’.

nk-ɔ́rr ́mpâ [North] during migration.

ɔl-ɔ́rrɨshɛ́t

n. [North]

Small emporary structure used

Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́rrɨshɛ́t. Acc pl: ɨl-ɔrrɨshɛ́ta. Nom pl: ɨl-ɔ́rrɨshɛ́ta.

[North] Acc sg: rrɨcɛ́t. n. The

ɛnk-ɔ́rrɨshɛ́t

lower part of the leg below the knee.

Usage: contemptuous. Small

lower part of the leg. See: l-kúndud lɛ́ nkɛjʉ́ ‘Calf’; ol-orrôk ‘Shin’; l-ailéleê ‘Lower part of the leg’; l-wuatán lɛ́ nkɛjʉ́ ‘Lower part of the leg’; enkúpes ‘Thigh’.

l-ɔrr ́tɨcɔ [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́rrɨtɨcɔ́. n. [North]

Shepherd, goatherd. See: ɔl-aɨrr ́tani ‘Shepherd’; a-ɨrrɨtá ‘To look after’.

áa-orro v.pl v.mid. To fight each other over sth.; quarrel over sth. a-orroré To fight each other over sth.

e-órro Nom sg: e-órrô. n. A quarrel. ol-orrôk Nom sg: ol-órrok. Acc pl: il-orróki. Nom pl: il-órrokí. [North] Acc

sg: l-ɔrrɔ̂k. [North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́rrɔk. [North] Acc pl: l-ɔrrɔ́kɨ. [North] Nom pl: l-

ɔ́rrɔk .́ n. Front of the leg between knee and ankle; shin, tibia. olorrôk lɛ́ nkɛjʉ́ Shin. See: l-watán [North] ‘Lower leg’.

enk-orrôk

real thing; self. enkorrôk ɛ́ mbaɛ The real issue (as opposed to a false issue, pretense, beating-aroundthe-bush); "heart of the matter". 2 • Small shin. See: ɔl-ɔ́rrɨshɛ́t ‘Lower part of the leg’; l-kúndud (lɛ́ nkɛjʉ́) ‘Calf; part of the leg’.

enk-orrôk

1 • The

Nom sg: enk-órrok. Acc pl: ink-orróki. Nom pl: ink-órrokí. n.

1 • The

real essence, "heart of the matter". 2 • Personality, nature of a person.

nk-orróncôî [North] (on tree).

ol-órrondô

[North] Acc pl: nk-orrónco. n. [North]

Nom sg: ol-órrondô. Acc pl: il-orróndon. Nom pl: il-

órrondón. n. Type of plant.

l-ɔrrɔɔ́ [North] ecaudatus.

[North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́rrɔɔ́. n. [North]

l-ɔrrɔɔ́sh [North] eagle.

a-orrorré

Twig

Bateleur.

[North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́rrɔɔ́sh. n. [North]

Terathopius ecaudatus. See: l-mógíró ‘Eagle’.

Terathopius

Bateleur

v. 1 • To

compete. 2 • To quarrel over.

l-órrúwúó [North]

Nom sg: l-órruwúó. Acc pl: l-orrúwuon. Nom pl: l-

órūwūōn. n. [North] Kwashiorkor.

ɔl-ɔsáɨ [North] Acc sg: asái. n. Termite. See: o-rírí ‘Termite’. o-sanaŋurruri Acc pl: i-sanang'urrurr. n. Type of bush, with edible fruit that is ripe around November; the purple fruits grow in clusters.

l-ɔsɛ́g [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́sɛg. [North] Acc pl: l-osegîn. [North] Nom

pl: l-ósegîn. n. 1 • [North]

Trick.

2 • [North]

ɔl-ɔsɛ́k

Wrestling move. See: ɔl-ɔsɛ́k ‘Trick’.

Acc pl: il-osekîn. n. Act

of outsmarting, trick; craftiness,

intrigue. Nɛ́ākʉ̄ táatá ɛtagolíkīō doí iyíóók naá aké

amʉ̂ ɛtarákɨ ɛlɛ̂ kúaak oiterúnore ɛnkɛ́ráí peê ɛŋamʉ́ ayiolóú ilosekîn lɛ́ mórúáó ... naá ɨnâ mɛtáa kɛ́bʉlʉ́ aké ɛnkɛráí néméyíólo enkishón é mórúáó

So, nevertheless, we are troubled because the behavior [practice] that begins a child has been abolished so that he comes to know the wangles of elderhood ... and that is how the child will just grow not knowing the life of adulthood. See: aɛsɛ́k ‘To outwit’; l-ɔsɛ́g [North] ‘Trick’.

l-ɔsɨgɨsɨg ́ [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́sɨgɨsɨg .́ n. [North]

this insect crawls and makes straight deep holes.

ɔl-ɔsɨk ́

Insect sp.;

Variant: ol-osiki

?. n. Usage: slang. Snail. See: ɔl-arʉ́kâî; ol-bíkít; sampʉ́lál ;́ ɔ-sɨkɨrâ ̂ ‘Snail’; l-cíŋei [North] ‘Snail’.

ɔl-ɔsɨnkɔ́ n. Centre of a home. l-ɔs ́pa [North] Variant: l-asp ́pa. [North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́sɨpa. n. 1 • [North] Person, fellow. Usage: colloquial. 2 • [North] Bald ridge.

l-ɔs ́r mʉ́nyúáá [North] tawny-flanked prinia.

ɔl-ɔs ́ra

[lɔsɪ ́r mʊnywáá] n. [North]

Bird such as the

Prinia.

Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́sɨra. Acc pl: ɨl-ɔɔ́sɨrá. Nom pl: ɨl-ɔ́ɔsɨrá. n. 1 • [North]

Giraffe. 2 • The one that is dotted. See: ɔl-carkúk; ɔl-mɛʉ́t ‘Giraffe’.

l-osírico [North] mark’.

ol-osiríé

n. The

n. [North]

Secretary. Recent usage.

See: a-s

́r ‘To

first ox or bull which is given to a newly-married woman, usually by her husband. Once given this animal, the bride then begins to request more cattle from the husband and relatives. As she adds up her cattle, she makes marks, typically with cow dung, on a specific part of the animals to help her

identify them in the evening (as they may have other permanent brands from the previous owner). See: a-s ́r ‘To mark’.

ol-ósokuan

Nom sg: ol-ósókuan. Acc pl: il-osókūānī. Nom pl: il-

ósokuaní. n. Buffalo.

enk-ósokuan

1 • Female

buffalo. 2 • Cow. Usage: pejorative.

ɔ́sɔ̂m [North]

[South] Acc sg: ɔ́sɔ̂m. num. Thirty. Borrowed word: ProtoKalenjin/Proto-Southern-Nilotic *sosom < Proto-Baz *sozzom (Heine, Rottland & Vossen 1979:85). See: tomoni

ɔl-ɔsɔsíóm

??. Acc pl: ɨl-ɔɔ́sɔsiom. Nom pl: ɨlɔ́ɔsɔsiom. n. Bridge of the nose. See: ɔl-ɔrɔrɔ́m ‘Bridge of nose’; enkumé ‘Nose’.

ol-ósowuan

Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́sɔsíóm

uní ‘Thirty’.

Nom sg: ol-ósówuan. Acc pl: il-osówuani. Nom pl: il-

ósowuaní. [North] Acc pl: l-osówuaní. [North] Nom pl: nk-ósowuaní. n. Buffalo. Átódúáa apá olósowuan tɛ Maasai Mara. I have seen a buffalo at Maasai Mara. Kóre peê ɛ́dɔ̂l iyíóók lósowuaní nɛ́arári áaɨsɨg. When the buffalos saw us, they ran away fleeing. (SN). Syn: ol-ósokuan ‘Buffalo’; [North] lmáaca ‘Buffalo’. Etymology: Proto-Ongamo-

Maa *-ko-sokwan 'buffalo' (Vossen 1989:196), from Proto-Teso-LotukoMaa *-ko-sokuan 'buffalo' (Vossen 1982:341).

nk-ósowuan [North]

Buffalo cow. 2 • [North] Buffalo, as counted by the herd. See: árrɔ ‘With downward pointing horns’.

l-osúbo [North]

1 • [North]

n. [North]

See: ɔl-tɔ́mɛ́ ‘Elephant’.

Elephant (lit: of the rough skin).

ol-osujú

n. Any

one of the two fingers between the pointing and little fingers or toes.

l-ɔ́sʉ́rmɛ́ [North] n. [North] Cobra. a-ósh v.prog. To beat, hit, slap with an intention to cause pain or injury. aósh ɛnkɛ́ráí naitarrúóyie to beat a child who has erred. This is more gentle than a-ilúg. Ncɔɔ́kɨ ɛnyúntu náóshórīē ɛlɛ̂ mushumáa. Give me a hammer that I can use to drive this nail. aósh oltúálá To ring the bell (lit: to hit the bell). Kítóósho. You hit me. Syn: a-ɨdɔ́ŋ ‘To beat’. See: aár ‘To beat, kill’; a-dám ‘To slap’; a-idóŋ ‘To beat’; a-ikúm; a-ilúg; a-ɨpɔ́ny; a-náŋ ‘To hit’. Usage: a-ɨpɔ́ny would not be used for hitting s.o. with a fist, while a-ósh could be used in that instance. Both a-ɨpɔ́ny and a-ósh could be used when a car runs into sth..

a-ósh ɛnkɔ́lɔŋ Usage: of a light-emiting source. To shine upon. Kéoshíto ɛnkɔ́lɔŋ Karen. The sun is shinning upon

Karen. Note: lk claims that with the form aosh ɛnkɔ́lɔŋ, the object must be overtly stated, and that Kéoshíto ɛnkɔ́lɔŋ is not really acceptable. PERHAPS if there is sth. we are both looking at, and pointing at, we could omit the object. Eóshīshō ɛnkɔ́lɔŋ. The sun shines (upon things).

a-oshú ɛnkɔ́lɔŋ v.dir. To shine upon. Ɛ́ ́sápʉk enkírowuaj ɛ́ táatá amʉ̂ etoóshūō ɛnkɔlɔ́ŋ. The heat is so great

today because it is sunny (lit: it [non-referential?] has hit the sun towards [us]). Etoóshūō ositíma. He [referential] has lit the torch as he comes. Only a directional light source can be the object, which restricts this expression to the sun as the object, or to sth. like a torch. Note: (1) With the ventive form, the sun (or any other light source) is not very acceptable as the Subject for lk. Rather, they must be expressed as the object. (2) The form etoósho cannot occur with the sun as object. (3) The ventive cannot be replaced by the Away directional. (4) With the

progressive form, the sun can be the subject.

a-ósh ɛngárri To drive a car. a-ósh inkíshú To drive off the cows (lit: To beat the cows). a-ósh esímu To make a telephone call. a-ósh emówúó/endúlé/ɛmáalo To blow a horn/a flute/kudu-horn.

a-ósh píshia To take a photograph. a-ósh ripóti To give a report. a-ósh olbísiŋ To blow off the lid, burst. a-ósh enkídoŋ To prophecy (lit: to hit the calabash). a-ósh olkeréri To make a queue. Étóóshô ɨnkɛ́râ olkeréri peê étúmí áatɔɔrɨk ́ ɛndáa. The children have made a queue so that the food can be served to them. (Pk).

a-ósh enkúkúó To cast lots, vote (lit: to hit the charcoal). a-ósh olkiú sápʉk To hold a big meeting (lit: to hit the big hill). Néōshī olkiú sápʉk. They held a big meeting. (lit: They hit a big hill.).

a-oshokí

v.dat. To

spray with force (eg. medicine or pesticide on grain). Páa kéoshóki olówuaru inkík ɛnk ́má. Then the beast sprayed faeces on the fire.

áa-osh en-kúkúó oshî

v.phrase. To

play a guessing-game using a single charcoal piece hidden in the hand; players guess which hand it is in. usually, normally. Kɛ́ ́bɔrr oshî intápuka óltepesi. The flowers of an acacia tree are white. (Pk). Emísímís entîm oshî. The forest is usually dark. (W). Ɛɨságányā oshî aké. He always squats. (W). Kóre oshî ɛnkapʉt ́ ɔɔ́ lMáásâ ̂... So, normally, Maasai engagements... (W). adv. Always,

oshî aké Always. Éjúŋ iláyiok oshî aké inkíshú ɔɔ́

mɛ́nyɛ. Boys always inherit cows from their fathers. (W). oshí táatá en-oshî adj.quant. 1 • Néjo kuík kuík, enoshî kátá éjô ɛdʉmʉ́nyɛ̄... While rising to stand he farted loudly... Ɛtabáutúā dúóó nóoshi pálâ n ́kɨanyɨta. The papers

that we have been waiting for/expecting have arrived. (SN). Ɛtabáutûâ dúóó inooshî pálâ níkianyɨta. The papers that we have been waiting for have arrived. (PK). 2 • Usual.

Néŋor enoshî ŋɔ́ny He pierced (it) at the usual

vein [to draw blood from an animal].

ol-oshô1

Nom: ol-óshô. Acc pl: ɨl-óshōn. Nom.Pl: ɨl-oshón. n. 1 • n. Tribal

section or quasi-political unit; one of the original major units of the Maasai people. Lists of the traditional Maasai ɨl-óshōn names vary from one source to another. TM list the following ('TZ' indicates Tanzania, while the others are primarily located in Kenya): Il-dalalekutuk, Il-damat, Il-keekonyokie, Il-purko, Il-loitai, Il-kaputiei, I-siria, Il-oodokilani, Il-matapato, Ilwuasinkishu, Ilkisongo (TZ), I-sikirari (TZ). In addition to the preceding, other lists have included the following as sections: Il-kankere, Il-moitanik, Il-oitokitoki (according to TM this is an area of southern Kenya into which the Il-kisongo section extends from Tanzania), Il-arusa, Kore (TZ), Parakuyu (or Baraguyu; TZ). Il-Aiser. 2 • n. Nation.

Kɛ́nyɔ́r olóshô ɔltʉŋáni pɔɔk ́ súpat. The society cherishes s.o. who is good. (Pk). Ɔlcaní obô apáké étóóshô olóshô n ́k ́ntáá ́ ɔlaigúénani. The society held 3 • n. Society.

only one meeting and you were made a chief. (Pk). 4 • n. Country. 5 • n. Plateau, flat area. 6 • n. Tribe. See: ol-órere; en-tipat ‘Tribe’. n.prop.

7 • n.prop. Placenames:Area

to the east of Meguarra-Sianna, Narok District, Kenya; Place near Mashura, Kajiado District, Kenya.

Olosho loo l-Aiser

of the il-aiser section. 2 • Placename: near Ilmilili, on the Mau, Narok District, Kenya.

Olosho oibor

n.prop. 1 • Plateau

n. 1 • Plateau

which is white. 2 • Placenames:Place at the south side of the Ngong Hills, about 6 km west of Kisamis, or Olepolos, Kajiado District, Kenya.Place about 8 km north of Meto, Kajiado District, Kenya.Place north of Torosei, Kajiado District, Kenya.

Olosho onyokie

which is red. 2 • Placename: near Loitokitok, Kajiado District, Kenya.

ɛnk-ɔ́shɔkɛ

n. 1 • Plateau

Nom sg: ɛnk-ɔ́shɔ́kɛ. Acc pl: ɨnk-

́ ́shuaa. [Purko] Acc pl: ɨnkɔ́shuak. [Purko] Nom pl: ɨnk-ɔ́ ́shúaa. Variant: ink-óíshua. [North] Acc sg: kɔ́cɛkɛ. n. 1 • Stomach, belly. Kɛ́yá ɛnkɛ́ráí ɛnkɔ́shɔkɛ. The child has a stomach-ache (lit: The stomach takes the child.). 2 • Usage: plural. a • Intestines. b • The mass of organs which are removed from the belly of a slaughtered animal (intestines, stomach, etc.). c • Space left when the intestines and other belly-contents are removed from a slaughtered animal. 3 • Slope of a hill or mountain; protruding side parts of a hill or mountain. ɛnkɔ́shɔkɛ sápuk a big hill (stomach, etc.).

space inside a container such as a cup, pot. ɛnkɔ́shɔkɛ ɛ́ motí The inside space or cavity of a pot. 4 • The

inside bottom of a container; floor. Káke sapúkí isóito otií ɛnkɔ́shɔkɛ ɔ́ lkɛjʉ́. But the rocks that were on the floor of the river were so big. (lit: But the rocks that were on the stomach of the leg were big.) (Pk). 5 • The

6 • Underside.

ɛnkɔ́shɔ́kɛ ɛ́ ngárri The underside of a car;

chasis. This is metaphorically based on the "animal" model, as the underside of a car is analogous to the underside/stomack of a fourlegged animal. See: atûâ ɛ́ ngárri ‘The inside of a car (where the seats are)’.

ɛnk-ɔ́shɔkɛ ɛ́ n-kɛ́rá ́

Usage: colloquial?. A

woman is colloquially said to have two stomachs: one for food, and one for a child.Uterus (lit: stomach of the child).

ɛnk-ɔ́shɔkɛ ɔ́ lálá ́ Inside surface of the front teeth; grinding surface of premolars and molars.

o-rióŋ ó lálá ́

1 • Externally-facing

surface of the front or back

teeth. 2 • Part of the face close to the soft cheek or lip tissues.

a-atá ɛnk-ɔ́shɔkɛ To be a glutton (lit: to have a stomach). a-ló ɛnk-ɔ́shɔkɛ To have diarrhoea (lit: to go the stomach). a-ɨbɔ́r ɔ́shɔ́kɛ To be kind (lit: to be white (as to) the stomach). a-rɔ́k ɔ́shɔ́kɛ To be unkind, mean (lit: to be black (as to) the stomach).

a-naná ɔ́shɔ́kɛ To be compassionate, loving, kind (lit: to be soft (as to) the stomach).

a-gól ɔ́shɔ́kɛ To be courageous (lit: to be hard (as of) the stomach).

ɛnabɔ́shɔ́kɛ

‘Stomach’. Heart. See: ɛm-pɔ́lɔs ‘Belly’; ɛnkayá ‘Stomach, intestines’; ɛm-búlátí ‘Stomach, intestines’; ɨmány ́t ‘Intestines’. Usage: ɛnk-ɔ́shɔ́kɛ is the most commonlyused word for stomach..

ɛnk-ɔ́shɔ́lá ́

Syn: ɔl-áróí

n. 1 • Piece

of lead, money-coin, silver. 2 • Metal round ornament worn on the leg. See: nk-ɔ́cɔ́lá ́ [North] ‘Solder’; a-shɔ́l ‘To melt’.

ɔl-ɔshɔmɔ́ n.r. Deceased person; one who has passed away. a-oshoó v. 1 • To drive away.

2 • To

ol-oshoró

"borrow" in absence of owner.

Nom sg: ol-óshoró. Acc pl: il-oshôr. Nom pl: il-óshor. n.

Porridge.

Borrowed word: Kikuyu

ũcũrũ 'gonel'.

ol-óshóróí n. Senior warrior. ɨl-óshōn n.pl. Traditional Maasai political section or division. See: ɔloshô ‘Section’.

-ot

asp. Perfect(ive)

-ót

nmlz. Variant

a-ɔ́t -óte

or subjunctive plural; variant of -at, used with middle-form verbs. N ́m ́k ́ncɔ̂ aké nɨnyɛ́ méínepunotó. We do not let them meet each other. of -at, plural nominalizer for active verbs. at ‘Nominalizer’. [North]: a-ót. v. To

scoop out.

Variant: -éte. In some suffixed forms: -ótek. voi. Middle

perfect(ive) plural suffix. Kénotótekí áanyɔrrakino People met together to agree.

nk-ɔ́tɛ́rr [North]

[North] Nom sg: nk-ɔtɛ́rr. [North] Acc pl: nk-ɔtɛrrí.

Variant: nk-oterrin. n. [North]

ɔt 1́

See: -

about 1 cm. wide.

Bead belt worn by arriors and girls,

Nom sg: ɔ́tɨ. Acc pl: ɔɔ́t .̄ Nom pl: ɔ́ɔt .́ [Purko] Nom sg: ɔ́t .̂ adj n.r. 1 • Young

in age (masc). Ɛg ́ra ɔláyíóní ɔ́t ̂ ajúŋ olbótór otúá. The junior boy is inheriting from the senior boy who is dead. (Pk). ɔlcaní ɔt ́ a young tree. Ɛg ́ra ɔlɔ́ ́ŋɔ́n ́ ɔ́tɨ apʉ́sh aɨr ́sh ɨlkʉl ́kā ̄. The young bull is getting aroused to fight the ́ tɛrɛʉ́ ɨlashɔ́ ɛndâ wúâs peê ɨdɔlɨdɔ́lɔ others. (Pk). Ɛn ɨlɔɔ́t ̄ tɛ nɛ́ ́rāg. [ɛ̀ndá wwàs] You all take the calves to that plain so that you can see when the small ones rest. (Pk). Ɔt ́ ɔláyíóní káke ḿmɛ kinyí. The boy is young but not small. (W). See: kinyí; kɨt ́ ‘Small’. 2 • New.

Enótokí ɔlɔt ́ túmuret lɛ́mɛ̂ siî dúóó ɛncán ɛ

tóki. We have gotten some early, short, sporadic rain, not

really significant. (Pk). Note: ɛncán ɛ tóki = rain of sth. Usage: ɔt ́

could not be applied to items like cars.. See: ŋéjúk ‘New’.

ɔl-ɔt 2́

n. n. Relatively

long, slender gourd, either on or off the plant, not yet prepared for holding a liquid. 2 • n. Gourd prepared for liquid, typically used for fresh milk. In size, larger than en-kúkúrí.

ɛnk-ɔt ́ Gourd, smaller than en-kúkúrí. See: en-kúkúrí ‘Calabash’. a-otikí v v.aux+Simple-Infinitive. To do sth. intentionally; to do on purpose.

l-ótim [North]

l-otími. [North] Nom pl: l-otímí, l-ótimí. n. Baboon. See: ɔ-ɛ́kɛny ‘Baboon’.

L-otími [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ótîm. [North] Acc pl: l-ótimí, [North] Nom pl: L-ótimí. n.pl. [North]

másʉ́lá phratry.

A clan in the L-

l-ɔtɨrɨkɔ́p [North] [North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́tɨrɨkɔ́p. n. [North] Sternum. ol-otíroi n. Wound that does not heal. -oto nmlz. Variant of -ata Nominalizer used in +ATR contexts. inkínyíáŋúnotó buying. Otó [North] n. [North] Home of the Samburu in the late 19th

e-otô

century, around the time the Lmaríkón and Lteritó were warriors; probably just north of Lake Turkana. See: L-maríkóí; Ltérítóí [North] ‘Age-set’. v.pf. 1 • Perfect(ive)

of a-ó(k) 'to be ripe ripe, ready (eg. to eat), done'. Eóto kʉlɔ́ nyɛ́nyâ olɛ̂ŋ. These tomatos are overripe. (W). Eyáwúá ŋolé n ́n ́ oltulét olotó ailísh aɨtáá enkúkúrí. Yesterday my mother brought a gourd in its natural state so as to make a usable gourd out of it. (Pk). 2 • To be curdled (of milk). See: a-ó ‘To be ripe, have ripened’.

ôl-otonu ol-otóroi

n. Hyena. See: ɔl-ŋɔj

́nɛ ‘Hyena’.

[òlòtóɾoy] Nom sg: ol-ótoróí. Acc pl: il-otórok. Nom pl: il-ótorok.

Variant: ʉtʉ́rʉki. [North] Acc sg: l-otórôî. [North] Nom sg: l-ótorôî. [North] Acc pl: l-otóro. [North] Nom pl: l-ótoro. n. Bee,

honey-bee. Áataŋoró

olótoróí. The bee stung me. (W). lotórôî sórôî Worker bees (S). See: ol-otórokî ‘Bee’; mús ‘Swarm of bees’. Etymology:

Proto-

Ongamo-Maa *-ko-toroi 'bee' (Vossen 1989:195), from Proto-Lotuko-Maa

ko-tor- 'bee' (Vossen 1982:331).

ol-otórokî

*-

Nom sg: ol-ótórokî. Acc pl: il-otórok. Nom pl: il-ótorok. n. Bee,

honey-bee. Ɛt́ ámányá ilótorok oldídoŋ lɛnyɛ̂. The bees have occupied their bee-hive. (Pk). See: ol-otóroi ‘Bee’.

ol-otunó

n. Warrior

selected from different clans within a community to be an overall leader. He ushers the warriors into junior elderhood and he is the first one to marry in that age-set. (lit: the one who has planted). Ɔlotunó apá ɔ́ ́tɛrá ayamɨshɔ́ tɔɔ́ IlKɨshɨl ́ pɔɔk ́. Olotuno was the first one to marry in the IlKishili age-set. (Pk). This is a name given to one of the leaders of a Maasai age-group. Ol-otunó is said to shoulder all of his age set's sins. See: (ɔ)l-aúnoni ‘Age-set leader’; ɔlaigúɛ́nani ‘Age-set leader’; ɔl-ɔbɔrʉ́ ɛnkɛɛnɛ́ ‘Leader’; ɔl-ɔpɔlɔ́sɨ ɔlk ́tɛ́ŋ; ɔl-ɔɨshɔ́rʉ ɛnkárná ólpórrôr ɔ́lají. ‘Age-set name-giver’.

-ótúó [North] [North] Irregular Perfect(ive) plural of a-lotú 'to come'.

ol-oturoí ol-oúdo

See: -etuo ‘Come

n. A

(Perfective)’.

disease of the skin.

Nom sg: ol-óudo. Acc pl: il-oóudó. Nom pl: il-óoudó. n. 1 • Hip

joint (lit: the one that is open). 2 • [West] Buttock, rump.

a-oʉ́k v. To turn. See: a-dám ‘To turn’; óu ‘Come!’. ol-ouré kokóyo [West] Acc sg: ɛn-ɛʉrɛ́ kɔkɔ́yɔ. n. Ankle bone; bones

óū

which protrude on both sides of the ankle (lit: the-one-whichfears-Kikuyus). See: e-múrt ɛ́ nkɛ́jʉ́ ‘Ankle’; ɛ-rʉbatá ɛ nkɛ́jʉ́ ‘Ankle’; ol-aidóloki ‘Ankle’; l-aibelái ‘Ankle’. singular of the verb 'come'. Óū! Come! eu ‘Come (Perfect(ive), Subjn)’; a-lotú ‘Come’.

v.imp. Imperative

l-ówua [North]

See: -

[North] Nom sg: l-ówûâ. [North] Acc pl: l-ówūān. [North]

Nom pl: l-owúán. n. [North]

Small mountain (not larger than the Ngong Hills); mountain. Usage: generic term. kɔ́ɔdɔ́ alɛ́ ówûâ olêŋ. This hill/mountain is very tall. (SN). Rrûk néméíshó iyioó mátɔdɔ́l lówua. It is the dust that is preventing us from seeing the mountain. (SN). See: ol-dóínyó ‘Mountain’.

nk-ówua [North] [North] Small mountain. owuarú1 Acc pl: ówúárâk. adj. 1 • Light red-brown with camouflage

effect; golden; potentially a mixture of many colors including dark gray. 2 • Beastlike, carnivorous. wanting to consume everything around. enkitók owarú A greedy woman. ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ owarú A cow that feeds excessively. 3 • Greedy,

ol-owuarú2

Nom sg: ol-ówuaru. [West] Nom sg: ol-ówuarú. Acc pl: il-

ówúárâk. Nom pl: il-owuarák. [North] Acc sg: l-owuorú. n. 1 • Carnivorous, agressive animal, such as a lion, cheetah, leopard, hyena. Ɛg ́rá ́ áaipukie inkíshú mɛ́nya ilowuarák. The people are putting the cows into a flight so that they are not eaten by the beasts of prey (eg. lions). (Pk). See: a-wúár ‘To lash out’; e-ŋûɛ̂s ‘Animal’; ɔl-cáŋitó [Purko] ‘Animal’. 2 • Lion-skin headdress. 3 • Person or animal with a beast-like character. In W, this connotes one who is ravenous and eats a lot, especially meat. Etymology: Proto-Maa 'predacious animal'; Proto-Ongamo-Maa *-kowwaru 'beast, wild' (Vossen 1989:194), from Proto-Lotuko-Maa *-kouwor- 'leopard', from Proto-Eastern Nilotic *-ko-gwor- 'leopard' (Vossen 1982:389).

enk-owarú A female beast. ol-owuarú kerî Nom sg: ol-ówūārū kéri. Acc pl: il-ówúárák kerîn. Nom pl: il-owuarák

kérin. Leopard (lit: spotted/striped carnivore). See: l-nyárrá ‘Cheetah’.

ol-owuarú mára

Nom sg: olówuarú

márá. Acc pl: il-ówúárák mára. Variant: il-ówúárák márai. Nom pl: il-ówuarú márá. n. 1 • Carnivorous, aggressive animal (lit: spotted carnivore). 2 • Leopard. panthera pardus. ilówúárák

mára oaáre two leopards (W). ilówúárâk márai ɔááre two leopards (W). Etíī olówuarú márâ ɛmpɔ́lɔs ólóítíkó ɔ́ lásʉ́ráí. The leopard is between the zebra and the snake. (W). See: mára ‘Dotted, patchy’.

l-owuorú [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-ówuoru. [North] Acc pl: l-ówúárâk.

[North] Nom pl: l-owuarák. n. [North]

[North] ‘Predator’.

Predator, beast.

See: n-kítálâ

l-owuorú kerî [North] [North] Leopard. l-owuorú ŋirô [North] [North] Hyena. See: ol-kónôî ‘Hyena’. nk-ɔ́y ́ágɛ́ [North] [North] Nom sg: nk-ɔyɨagɛ́. [North] Acc pl: nkɔy ́ágɛn. n. [North] Burchell's zebra. óítíkó ‘Zebra’.

l-ɔ́yɨɛtɛ [North] -ɔ́yɔ

See: ol-óíyiote ‘Wisdom

tooth’.

́ɛ́tɛ. n. [North] Wisdom tooth.

of the 'away' directional -áa. K ́ncɔɔ́yɔ entítō. We will give out the girl (for marriage). (W). Á ́shɔ́ɔy ́ ɔ̄ ɛnk ́tɛ́ŋ ánaaké. I give a cow everyday. (W). See: -áa ‘Away’. dir. Variant

ol-oyíápaséi óyie

[North] Nom sg: l-ɔ́y

Equus burchelli. See: ol-

Nom sg: ol-óyíápaséi. Acc pl: il-oyiapase. Nom pl: il-

óyíápasé. n. Type of plant.

address for a group of boys; plural of eérō. Óyiḕ ɛ́ntɨgɨl ɛlɛ̂ óito peê ɨdɔlɨdɔ́lɔ entólīt natíī. Boys, break this bone so that you can see the marrow in it. (Pk). Lóyîê, ɛ́ntasʉ́pa! Boys, hello! See: eérō ‘Boy (voc.)’. voc. An

-óyie dir. Away. See: -a5 ‘Away’. óyiete [North] [North] Nom sg: óyíéte. n. [North] Riddle. See: óyiote ‘Riddle’.

óyíéto n. Riddle. l-óyíópó [North]

Vagabond, vagrant, loiterer. See: olkíríkóí ‘Vagrant, vagabond’; ol-wúshúwúshí ‘Vagrant, vagabond’; l-máásháí [North] ‘Vagrant, vagabond’; ɔl-cánkílí ‘Loiterer, donkey’.

ol-óyiote

n. [North]

Nom sg: ol-óyíote. Acc pl: ɨl-oyíótīāā. Nom pl: ɨl-óyiotiaá. n.

Riddle. A riddle is introduced by calling óyioto. The listener responds éwuo 'It has come!'.

P-p p Letter representing the Maa nonimplosive bilabial stop. Between vowels this may be lightly voiced [b] or, in some dialects, a bilabial fricative [ɸ]. In other environments it is pronounced as a voiceless stop [p].

a-pá Past. See: ɛn-á ́shárɨ ‘past’. pa- Noun prefix indicating a close social relationship. pak ́tɛ́ŋ Father-in-law of a man, a relationship established by the giving of a cow (SN). pakɛ́rr Mother-in-law of a man, a relationship páa

established by the giving of a sheep; affinal female relatives of the same age as the mother-in-law (SN). pasɨnáɨ Beloved (SN).

Nétií apá, kʉlɔ́ mʉ́rran -- páa kéjō, ɛ́máapɛ́ enjóré. Long time ago there were these warriors -- so they said, "Let's go for raids.". Népōnū ɛnâ dúóó áŋ áaɨrrag páa kɛ́ɛn ́ mɛtábaɨk ́ inkíshú ɨnkɛjɛ́k. They come to that home to sleep and tomorrow the cow's legs conj. So.

are tied.

See: paɛ́ ‘So

that’; payíé ‘So that’; peê ‘So that’.

pááâ ideo. Sound made by rain. Ejóíto ɛncán pááâ. The rain is saying "paaa". a-paác [North] v. [North] To make a trip late in the day. a-paacaá [North] v.dir. [North] To go (on a long journey) late in the afternoon. a-paacɨk ́ [North] v.dat. [North] To head for somewhere late in the day. m-páac [North] [North] Nom sg: m-páác. n. 1 • [North] Room, space. 2 • [North]

A break, rest. See: a-paác [North] ‘To make a trip late in the day’; ɛm-páash ‘Detour’.

2 • [North]

To be assymetric.

a-paacá [North]

v.mid. 1 • [North]

To be different. Kɛ́paáca. It is different.

áa-paacɛrɛ [North] v.pl. [North] To pass one another on the way. páácɛ̂ [North] n. [North] An in-law to whom a calf is given as part of the bridewealth. See: paáshē ‘Relationship

term’.

m-páándɛ̂ [North] [North] Nom sg: paadɛ́. n. [North] Knife, strapped to the wrist and used as a weapon. páápá Nom sg: páapa. voc. Father; father's brother. Emúíta Páapa lâî néjo olekitarrí ɛtɛ́ɛk ́ ʉ́nyɛ encotó nábō. My father is sick and the doctor said that one of his sides is paralyzed. (W). A man cannot marry any female offspring, in any generation, whose ancestry can be traced back to páápá.

paárná [North] [North] Nom sg: páarná. n. [North] One who shares the same given name; namesake. ɛm-paás [South] Nom sg: ɛm-páas. Acc pl: ɨm-paasí. Nom pl: ɨm-páasí. n. [South] Dam. See: ol-túrótó ‘Dam’. l-paás [North] [North] Nom sg: l-páas. [North] Acc pl: l-paasí. [North] Nom pl: l-páasí. n. [North] Fruit juice, as made from l-pʉʉsan (a fruit), ságaram (acacia pods), and blood.

a-paásh

avoid by making detour; bypass. Kápáásharɛ́ nánʉ́. I will avoid ́ coming into contact with him. Ɨntapaashá ɨlashɔ́ eúlulû amʉ̂ kɛ́sʉlakíno. Prevent the calves from getting near the valley because they will fall into it. 2 • To differ, be different. [North]: a-paác. v.prog. 1 • To

a-ɨtapaásh

v.cause. 1 • To

cause to avoid. 2 • To exchange. See: a-lám ‘To move away from’.

a-paashá v.mid. To be different. a-paashaá v.dir. To go away avoiding. a-paasharɛ́ v.dir v.inst. To avoid, abstain from. a-paashar ́ v.dir v.mid. 1 • To be separated. 2 • To

ɛm-páash

be different, distinguished from.

n. 1 • Place

where people pass without meeting; detour. 2 • Open space (e.g. between hills), gap. 3 • Room or space to move.

ɨm-paashát n.pl. Fortnight. See: ɔl-ápa ‘Moon, month’; ɨl-apaitín ‘Months’. paáshē n. Relationship term; used when the a-imál gift is a male calf. See: ɔl-áshê ‘Male calf’; a-imál ‘To give a gift to a new wife’.

ɔl-pááshíé

Variant: ɔl-pááshé; pááshí. Nom sg: ɔl-paashíé. Acc pl: il-paáshen. Nom pl: il-páashén. n. 1 • Large

main fence, eg. around a kraal. ɔƆ-pááshíé is normally made from thorn bushes, but could be made of other bushes, wire, etc. aisúr olpááshíé metúpukú ɔlasʉráí To prod the fence so that the snake will get out (K). Kaún ɔlpááshé ar ́sh olcáámpa láí wóle Tinkóī I will put up a fence to separate my land from Tinkoi's. (K). 2 • Gap in a fence; Gap in a fence. See: ɨn-kɨkʉ́ ‘fencing branches’. 3 • Place inside the kraal where there are no houses. See: ɛn-k ́kárrɛ́t; e-sitá ‘Fence’; kióni ‘Fence’; úátá ‘Fence’.

a-paashɨpaashá v. To vary. a-pác [North] v. [North] To go through (eg. a fense). a-pacaá [North] v.dir. [North] To obtain sth. through a third party.

a-pacʉ́ [North]

v.dir. 1 • [North]

To pierce through. 2 • [North] To force one's way through some obstacle.

m-pácac [North]

gracilipes plant.

padán

[North] Nom sg: m-pacác. n. Caralluma gracilipes. [North]

Edible stems from the Caralluma

Nom sg: pádān. [West] Acc sg: pádán. adj. 1 • Having

the quality of being skilled, able to perform one's job well. Ɛɨshɔɔ́kɨ enkitók padán tɛ yɨɛratá ó loshoró ɔlɛ́kɔ́ ́síááyíó. The woman skilled in cooking porridge was paid a salary.

the quality of being a "good shot" or sharp-shooter. Ɛshɔmɔ́ ɔlpáyian pádān aŋór iŋúési. The man who is skilled in shooting has gone to hunt wild animals. Mátorik ́lɔ̂ mʉ́rráni ɔlárrabal amʉ̂ pádán. [ɪ ̀lɔ̀ ... àmʊ̂ pàdàn] Let's take that warrior to war because he is a sharp-shooter. (W). Ɛŕ á pádán. He/she is a sharp-shooter. (always) (W). Pádán ɛlɛ́ mʉ́rrani. This warrior is a sharp-shooter. (but perhaps on just one occasion) (W). Pádán kʉlɔ́ mʉ́rrân. These warriors are sharp-shooters. (W). a-ɨpadán: ‘To be a "good shot"’. 2 • Having

ɔl-pádírí Acc pl: il-padiriní, il-padriní. n. Priest, Catholic priest. Borrowed word: Swahili padre < Portuguese padre. paɛ́ adv. 1 • So that. 2 • Certainly. Kálō paɛ́ arinyú nkíshú. (i) I will go so that I can bring the cows back. (SN) (ii) I will certainly go and bring be cows back. (SN). Kálō paɛ́ arinyú inkíshú. I will certainly go and bring the cows back. (Pk).

obligation. Kálō paɛ́ arinyú inkíshú peê elopokiní inkɛ́ra. I need to go and bring the cows so that the children can get milk. (Pk). See: payîê ‘So that’; peê ‘So that’. 3 • Need,

l-páɛg ̂ [North]

Variant: l-payág. Nom sg: l-páɛg .̂ Acc pl: l-páɛ̂g. Nom pl: l-paɛ́g. n. [North]

Maizecob; (one)

maize seed; maize plant. Kéísúpat alɛ́ páegî. This maize is good. (SN). Káshám lpáēg linónō I like your maize. (SN). Kóóto lpaég. The maize is ripe. (SN). See: ɔl-páékí ‘Maize’.

ɔl-páékí Nom sg: ɔl-paekí. Acc pl: ɨl-páɛ̂k. Nom pl: ɨl-paɛ́k. [North] Acc sg: l-páɛg .̂ Variant: páegi. n. Maize. Ɛnyɛ́ ́ta ɛncɛ́rɛrɛ́t olpáékí. The monkey is eating the maize. (W). Ɛnyɛ́ ́ta ɨncɛ́rɛrɛt ́ ɨlpáɛk. The monkey is eating the maize. (W).

pága [North]

Communal restricted land where no one is allowed to graze his cows. Restriction is temporary to allow grass to grow for later consumption when there is draught; fallow land. See: ɛnkɔ́p ‘Land, field’; ɔl-ɔkɛr ́ ‘Personal restricted land’.

ɛm-págâg

water.

Nom sg: págâ. n.sg. [North]

n. Strong

thirst that requires frequent drinking of

l-págas [North]

Nom sg: l-págâs. Acc pl: l-págasí. n. [North]

White soil, usually used by warriors or elders on special occasions to smear on their faces; may also be used by women as a source of mineral when pregnant. See: ɛnkɔɨbɔt ́ ‘White soil’; en-túrótó ‘Chalk’.

Pagasi

n.prop. Name

of a place on or near the Inkurman Escarpment, Narok District, Kenya.

l-págásíí [North]

Nom sg: l-pagasíí. Acc pl: l-pagási. Nom pl: l-

págásí. n. [North] Servant; worker hired primarily for manual laborer. This word may have colonial connotations. Kógól lpagasíí óturr lárîâk. The worker who digs wells is strong. (SN). Káshám kʉlɔ̂ pagási amʉ̂ kéísupáti. I like these workers because they are good. Kéínaúrɨtâ lpágásí olêŋ. The workers are really tired. (SN). Etymology: < Swahili.

nk-á ́parr [North] n. [North] Day after tomorrow. a-paipayán [North] v. [North] To caress, fondle. See: n-k ́pá ́páyata [North] ‘A Caress’. em-páka n. Cat. Borrowed word: Swahili mpaka 'cat'. Usage: See dialect variants at:. See: em-puús ‘Cat’. ɛm-pákááí Acc pl: ɨm-pakaaní. n. Narrow swampy area. a-pakás v. To flatter, coax. m-pákas [North] [North] Nom sg: m-pákâs. [North] Acc pl: m-pakasí. [North] Nom pl: m-pákasí. n. [North] Limestone. This is used ritually by diviners.

ol-pákáséí

See: l-áɨs

[North] ‘Diviner’.

Acc pl: il-pakasi. [North] Acc sg: l-págásíí. [North] Acc pl: l-pagási. n. 1 • Porter,

luggage. 2 • Someone who works for almost no pay. 3 • Servant. Etymology: < Swahili pagasi 'porter'.

pakérr

Nom sg: pákerr. Acc pl: ɨ-nɔɔ́

pakíné

[North] Nom sg: pákíne. n. 1 • The

s.o. who carries

pakérr. Nom pl: ɨ-nɔ́ɔ pakérr. n. 1 • Term of address used by a man for his mother-in-law (to whom a sheep is due). Ɛshɔmɔ́ dúóó pákérr oloinyaŋí. My motherin-law has gone to the market. This term can be used for the age-mates of one's mother-in-law (those married by one's father-in-law's age-set). See: nk-aʉtáni [North] ‘Female in-law’; en-kérr ‘Sheep’. 2 • The woman to whom a man has given an ewe, or vice versa. Usage: rare. 3 • [North] Other female in-law. relationship term used when the a-imál gift is a goat. 2 • [North] Brother's wife (to whom a goat is due). See: a-imál ‘To give a gift to a new wife’.

pak ́tɛ́ŋ

Nom sg: pákɨtɛŋ. Acc pl: ɨ-lɔɔ́

pak ́tɛ́ŋ. Nom pl: ɨ-lɔ́ɔ pak ́tɛ́ŋ. [North] Nom sg: pák ́tɛ́ŋ. n.voc. 1 • n.voc. Term of address for the person that one has given a cow or vice versa; very close friend. Káló ashʉlarɛ́ pak ́tɛ́ŋ láí. I am going to live with my friend. (Pk). Néjî ́nâ ɔlɔ́ŋ pak ́tɛ́ŋ, amʉ̂ ɛ́táá naá eíshórétekí entítō. That day it is said [ie. they will call each other] pak ́tɛ́ŋ, because they have given each other a daughter. n.

2 • n. The

relationship established by giving a cow. 3 • n. [North] Father-in-law, to whom a cow is due.

pakuoóo [North] n. [North] Brother's wife, to whom a calk is due. pakwó n. The term used when the a-imál gift is a young goat or sheep. See: a-imál ‘To give a gift to a a-pál

new wife’.

cease, leave off, stop doing sth. Tápala entolôî. Stop being angry (wild). (Pk). Entómónísho doí námitikí kʉl ́ká ́ máréíta ɛpal inkíshú mɛ́m ́ra. It is because of the many children that some families cannot avoid selling cows. (lit: It is having many children that prevents other families from stopping to sell cows.) (Pk). v. 1 • To

2 • To

leave, leave alone. Káápál táatá. I will leave you now. (SN). Kápál alɛ̂ tuŋáni éítû

aráré táatá. I will leave this person before I fight him now. (SN). 3 • [North]

To drop a matter.

a-palaá v.dir. 1 • To allow sth. to disappear out of neglect; abandon, squander. Kápáláâ alɛ̂ shaní motúá katúkûl. I will let this tree die completely. (SN). 2 • To

forego. 3 • To leave alone.

a-ɨtapál

v.cause. 1 • To

2 • [North]

make s.o. leave sth.; withdraw.

To prevent s.o. from accomplishing sth. by constant interruptions; pester. See: aiŋuaá ‘To leave’.

m-páláí [North] 2 • [North]

[North] Nom sg: m-paláí. [North] Acc pl: m-pála. [North] Nom pl: m-pálâ. n. 1 • [North]

Sheet of paper.

Letter.

ɛm-palakái Acc pl: ɨm-palaká. n. Nappier grass. a-palak ́ Variant: a-palɨk .́ v. 1 • To leave to. 2 • To forgive. Káápál ́kɨ anâ síle n ́m ́ndɨm ataláa. I will forgive you this debt which you cannot pay. (SN). 3 • [North] To allow sth.

ɛm-pálákínó

n. 1 • Forgiveness

of a single offence or wrongdoing; release; forfeiture (eg. of a contest to s.o. else); leaving of sth. for s.o. else to do. 2 • The abandonment a contest to s.o. else; leaving sth. for s.o. else to do. See: a-pál ‘To cease’.

ɛm-pálákínore n. Forgiveness of a wrongdoing or sin. See: a-pál ‘To cease’. em-pálákínotó [North] Acc sg: m-palakínotó. [North] Nom sg: m-palakínotó. n. Forgiveness. mpálákínotó eé ŋók The forgiveness of sin (SN). Note: [mpálákínòtó èé ŋ̤ók] See: a-pál ‘To cease’. m-pálantɛ́t [North] [North] Nom sg: m-pálantɛ́t. [North] Acc pl: m-palantetí. [North] Nom pl: m-pálantetí. n. [North] Leather spear scabbard.

See: tápátɛ̂ [North] ‘Scabbard’.

a-palarí v.dir v.mid. To give up. ɛm-palaróti Nom sg: ɛm-pálaróti. Acc pl: ɨm-palarót. Nom pl: ɨm-pálarot. n. 1 • Bad thing. 2 • Sth.

left alone.

ɛm-pálátá Nom sg: ɛm-palatá. Acc pl: ɨm-palát. Nom pl: ɨm-palát. n. Abstention. mpálátá ɛ́nyátá ɛɛ́ nkírí The abstaining from eating meat (SN). ɛm-páldaka Nom sg: ɛm-páldáka. Acc pl: ɨm-paldakaní. Nom pl: ɨm-páldakaní. n. Sore, wound. ɛm-páleki Nom sg: ɛm-páléki. Acc pl: ɨm-palekiní. Nom pl: ɨm-pálekiní. n. Species of very poisonous plant

with many large leaves, and which somewhat resembles ɛnábóóí. If cows eat it along with grass, they die very rapidly. Often grows in old abandoned homesteads. datura stramonium. Kɛ́yā ɛmpáléki inkíshú tɛnɛ́nya. Datura will kill cows if they feed on it. See: ɛn-ábóóí ‘Plant (sp.)’.

a-palɨk ́ v. To forgive. See: a-palak ́ ‘To forgive’. ɛm-palísh Nom sg: ɛm-pálīsh. Acc pl: ɨm-palishîn. Nom pl: ɨm-pálishîn. n. Vagina. See: ɛm-balísh; entúdé ‘Vagina’.

pálteko [North]

Variant: pɛ́ltɛkɔ. [North] Nom sg: pálteko,

pɛ́ltɛ́kɔ. n. [North] Red-chested cuckoo. Cuculus solitarius. This bird sings a three-note song when it is going to rain; hence, its popular name "rain bird".

ɛm-palúa Acc pl: im-paluaní. n. Potato-like fruit of the ol-torotua bush, much loved by elephants. palût Nom sg: pálut. Acc pl: palúti. Nom pl: pálutí. [North] Acc sg: palút. [North] Nom sg: pálut. [North] Acc pl: palúti. [North] Nom pl: páluti. adj. 1 • Desperate. 2 • [North]

Lazy (of people). Usage: archaic. See: a-pál ‘To cease’.

a-palutú [North] v.incep. [North] To become lazy. ɔl-pámba Acc pl: ɨl-pámba .́ n. Cotton. Etymology: < Swahili pamba. pamóŋó [North] [North] Nom sg: pámóŋó. n. [North] An in-law to whom one gives an ox. a-panaá [North] v.dir. [North] To find (s.o. or sth.) in a place long before you arrive.

a-panar ́ [North] Variant: a-ponar .́ v.dir v.mid. [North] To increase. See: a-pɔ́n ‘To add, increase’. ɔ́l-pánâs Acc pl: ́l-pánásî. n. Duiker. cephalophinae. paníjo [North] n. [North] Why? Etymology: payie + n- + 2sg + jo 'say'. ɔl-pánka Nom sg: ɔl-pánkâ. Acc pl: il-pankai. [North] Acc sg: l-pangai. Variant: l-pánkān (SN). n. Machete, panga. Kéísupáti kʉlɔ́ |ycpánkān lɛ́ lɛdʉ́ka. The machetes from this shop are good. (SN). Káshám lpánkān lɛ́ lɛdʉ́ka. I like the pangas from this shop. (SN). Borrowed word: Swahili panga. See: o-sínjā ‘Machete’.

pankérá [North]

to a new wife’.

n. [North]

The term used when the a-imál gift is a sheep.

See: a-imál ‘To

give a gift

pankɛrrá [North] n. [North] An in-law to whom one gives sheep. a-paŋá [North] n. [North] To have a swollen stomach (from illness or from eating too much); be bloated.

m-páŋá [North] n. [North] Ostrich. See: ɛ-sídáí ‘Ostrich’. papâ Variant: pápá. Nom sg: pápâ. [North] Acc sg: papâ, paápa. [North] Nom sg: pápâ. [North] Acc pl: ɔɔ́papâ. [North] Nom pl: ɔ́ɔpapâ. [Chamus] Nom sg: pápa. n. 1 • My

father; primarily used vocatively (in the Nominative).

evokes an intimate relationship. Nɨnyɛ́ eomón ɔmɛtáa kéyíólo áajo papâ lɛnyɛ̂. He [God] is the one they worship until they know that he is their father. papâ linó your father. 2 • Father;

papaí

Nom sg: pápaí. n. Father.

Kérūk ɨlMaasá ́ ɛntál ́pá ɛ papaí linó. Maasai scrutinize the

historical background of your father. (KS).

ɨl-páp ́t lɛ́ nkɔŋʉ́ Eye lashes.

ɔl-páp ́tá

Nom sg: ɨl-pap

́t lɛ́ nkɔŋʉ́. Acc pl: ɨl-pap ́t lɔɔ́ nkɔnyɛ́k. Nom pl: ɨl-pap ́t lɔ́ɔ ̄ nkɔnyɛ́k. n.

Nom sg: ɔl-papɨtá. Acc pl: ɨl-páp ́t. Nom pl: ɨl-pap ́t. [North] Acc sg: l-pá

́tā. n. Hair of the body or head (of humans); fur (of animals). Óre peê kɨbarnʉ́ ɨlpáp ́t lo lmelíl, níkiduŋuduŋ. When we shave hair from the neck, we shall cut it into pieces.

ɨl-páp ́t lɛ́ nkɔŋʉ́ Eye brow. See: ɨl-ɛ́nyɔ́k ‘Tail hair of certain animals’. papú voc. 1 • Referent term used by a man for his mother's brother's daughters; or by a woman for her father's sister's sons; cross cousin. 2 • Referent term used by a woman for her mother's sister's son. Though this woman may call her male cousin papú, this male cousin will call her sɛ́nkɛ. 3 • Referent

cousin’.

term used for a man's maternal uncles. ɨlɔɔ́ papú those uncles. See: sɛ́nkɛ ‘Parallel

a-papúl v. To be confused; be in disarray. a-ɨtapapúl To cause confusion to. Ɛg ́ra ɨltʉŋaná áaɨtapapul ɔlɨkâ ̂ tɔ lárrábal. The people are throwing the other into confusion. (Pk). See: a-ɨtaalán ‘To confuse’.

par- Noun prefix forming a term of address. Parmúain One of many colors; a traditional term of address for God. See: pa- ‘Prefix for term of address’.

a-pará

'borrow,' without promising to return. Káataparaná. He has borrowed from me. (S). See: a-isilén ‘To borrow’. v. To

l-páráâ [North]

[North] Nom sg: l-páráâ. [North] Acc pl: l-paraaní. [North] Nom pl: l-páraaní. n. [North]

the genus Euphorbia.

Plant of

Euphorbia.

l-párakuní [North] Acc pl: l-párākuo. n. [North] Rich person. párákúóísho [North] n. [North] Wealth. Párákúóísho náítulubó. It is wealth that has made him/her greedy. (SN). See: ɛn-kársísisho ‘Wealth’.

ɔl-párákuoní

Nom sg: ɔl-parákuoní. Acc pl: ɨl-párakuo. Nom pl: ɨl-párákuo. [North] Acc sg: l-párakuní. [North]

Acc pl: l-párākuo. n. Rich

m-párákuɔní [North] 1 • [North]

man (in anything); cattle keeper.

[North] Nom sg: m-parákuɔní. [North] Acc pl: m-párakuo. [North] Nom pl: m-parákuo. n.

Cow, cattle. Usage: esp. in plural. 2 • [North] Rains and plenty, a good gift from God.

a-parakuonú [North] v.incep. [North] To become rich (usually in animals). ɨl-Parakúyo Variant: ɨl-párakuo; ol-Paraguyu. n.pl. Name of a Maasai section, commonly written as

Baraguyu or Barakuyu. Mol (1996: 43) writes: "The Baraguyu...are the most southern of the Maaspeaking peoples. They number about 35,000 and live spread out in various parts of eastern Tanzania. They are semi-sedentary cattle-keepers. In language, cultural traits and social organization they are closely connected to other Maasai il-óshōn, sections. To their surrounding Bantu neighbors they call themselves Maasai. Their main habitat lies to the south of the Maasai area in Tanzania....The Maasai reckon them to belong to the Lokop, ie. Maa speakers who practice a degree of agriculture. Authors like Th. Beidelman, A. Hurskainen and U. von Mitzlaff have written specifically about the il-parakuyo and aspect of their culture and social organization. Peter Rigby has given us the most complete insights into Parakuyo society.". KS:2 says this is a fairly new term (about 10 years old). They are usually called lumbwa (or i-lúmpūā) 'dog-people'.

em-Parakuyoi

See: il-adoín ‘Baraguyu,

oshô ‘Section’.

a-parán

v. 1 • To

Paraguyu’; Lokop ‘Pastoral, Maa-speaking peoples’; ol-

go see, visit.

go visit s.o. to request help. Káló aparán laláshɛ láí. I will go visit my brother to ask him for help. (SN). Káparána. I have been visited to ask for help (eg. to make a contribution to a fundraiser). (SN). 2 • To

m-páran [North]

[North] Nom sg: m-párân. [North] Acc pl: m-páranî. [North] Nom pl: m-paráni. n. 1 • [North]

Friend, usually of the same age-set. 2 • [North] Milk which a wife saves for her husband while he is away. See: ɔl-cɔrɛ́ ‘Friend’; osótúá ‘Relative’.

páran [North]

[North] Nom sg: párân. [North] Acc pl: párani. [North] Nom pl: páráni. n. aló

begging (for food, cows, money, clothes, etc.).

l-parapará [North]

páran to go

Clay container previously used by elders to store meat and fat through the dry season. It can store a considerable portion of the meat of a slaughtered goat.

ɛm-parária

[North] Acc pl: l-paraparân. n. [North]

n. Bluishness

kɨnʉkʉ́ ‘Mist’.

of the sky that tends to make the hills and plains blue; haze.

See: ɛn-

ɛm-páraríá n. A lining that is caused by mist that prevents visibility. L-parasɔ́rɔ [North] [North] Nom sg: L-párasɔ́rɔ. n. [North] A clan within the L-másʉ́lá phratry. l-párasɔ́rɔ [North] n. [North] Bush sp. Cadaba farinosa. m-paratût [North] [Chamus] Acc sg: m-partût. n. [North] Wife. See: en-kitók ‘Woman, wife’; eŋóroyioni ‘Wife’.

ɛm-párbál n. One herd of many cows. See: bɔɔ́ ‘Herd’. pardác [North] [North] Nom sg: párdâc. [North] Acc pl: pardací. [North] Nom pl: l-párdacîn. n. [North] Lowest lumbar region of humans.

L-pardʉpá [North] [North] Nom pl: L-párdʉpá. n. [North] A clan in the L-orokicu phratry. ɛm-párɛ̂t Nom sg: ɛm-parɛ́t. Acc pl: ɨmparɛta. n. Field, garden. Kóre peê iló am ́r inchereretí tɛ mparɛ́t, nírík ́lɔ̂ dîâ sápʉk. [ìlɔ̀] When you go to chase the monkies from the garden, you take that big dog with you. (W). Borrowed word: Kalenjin. See: ɛm-parnɛt ‘Field’.

im-páretí n.pl. Crops. Ɛshɔmɔ́ ɨnkɛ́râ áaɨmalmal ɔmɛtáa nɛ́ ́nɔ́s inkíshu impáretí ɔɔ́ltʉŋanak. The children have gone and played around until the cows ate people's crops. (W). em-párinko n.prop. 1 • Lake Baringo. 2 • Lake. See: ɛ-naɨpɔ́sha; ɛ-sʉ́kʉta ‘Lake’; ɔl-bálbál ‘Pool,

túrótó ‘Puddle, lake’.

lake’; m-básu [North] ‘Lake’; ol-

ɛm-párínkóí1 n. Lake. See: ɛ-naɨpɔ́sha ‘Lake’. m-párínkóí [North] [North] Nom sg: m-parinkóí. n. 1 • [North] Solo dance performed by a warrior. 2 • [North]

Tapping of the foot (as to such a dance).

a-parɨpár v. To break, fracture, crush. m-párk ́jɨ [North] Variant: m-párkíji. [North] Nom sg: park ́jɨ. Variant: m-paarkíji; m-parkéji. n.sg. 1 • [North] Daylight, daytime. 2 • [North] Afternoon. See: ɛn-dáma ‘Daytime’; ɔŋán ‘Daytime’.

parkíji [North] adv. [North] In the afternoon. parméyian [North] Nom sg: pármeyíán. n. [North] Can for watering livestock; can also be used to make meat soup.

parmúá [North]

voc. [North]

múá ‘Color’.

Parmúain

Term of endearment (lit: my matching colour pattern).

See: e-

Nom sg: Pármuain. Acc pl: ɨlɔɔ́

parmúain. Nom pl: ɨlɔ́ɔ ̄ parmúain. n.prop. Usage: vocative. A traditional name for God: "One of many colors", or the one who owns, or is in control of, many situations, seasons, circumstances of life. Óre ɛnKáí náa kéji Parmúain. God is called "The one of so many colors.". This name refers to the multi-faceted nature of the traditional view of God: (S)He can bring rain and blessing, can bring death, can bring punishment, can be kind and compassionate, can bring trouble and be mean, and knows all things and all situations. Keswe Mapena writes: Parmúain indicates that God is able to cause anything of any colour to happen or to come to existence. God is in charge of all seasons: dry season mostly signified by dry brown bushes, grass and trees that have shed all their leaves and the animals that are poor in health; the wet season signified by green grass, bushes and flowering shrubs, trees that have green leaves, and animals that are generally healthy and giving birth to new animals. In all situations, the people are simply telling God that "You are in charge of everything, and have the power to change every shade/colour of life." The people are asking for God's help, for example, especially to change a bad situation. This term is never used with reference to people. See: e-múá ‘Color’.

m-párnas [North] (antelope)’.

[North] Nom sg: m-párnâs. n. [North]

Dik-dik species.

Madoqua. See: n-toló

[North] ‘Suni

a-parnát v. To make permanent home at; settle. ɛm-párnat Nom sg: ɛm-párnât. Acc pl: ɨm-párnatí. Nom pl: ɨm-párnatí. [North] Nom pl: m-parnatí. n. Permanent village. M-Párnat is also a place-name in the north Samburu area.

l-páro

Nom sg: l-párô. n.sg. Type

of song and dance characterized by jumping. The dancing is performed only by morans, though young women will sing and provide the rhythm. Lpáro is for entertainment, done at dances and weddings.

a-parpár [North] v. [North] To smear (eg. the body with oil). See: a-ɛ́l ‘To smear’. m-parpár [North] n. [North] Mud. See: ol-okídoŋôî; ɛ-sarŋáb ‘Mud’; o-sordó ‘Silt’. m-parpárr [North] [North] Nom sg: m-párparr. [North] Acc pl: m-parparrí. [North] Nom pl: m-párparrí. n. [North] Clay. May be used to make earthen pots.

parsaí

n.prop. One

of tradational Maa names for God: The one who is to be worshiped, prayed to, beseeched, sacrificed to. See: a-saí ‘To pray’.

parsaláash [North]

Nom sg: pársaláash. n. [North]

Buffalo. ósokuan ‘Buffalo’; l-máaca; l-núnukó [North] ‘Buffalo’.

See: ɔl-árrɔ; ol-ósowuan; ol-

Parsálôî [North] [North] Nom sg: Pársaloi. n. [North] Barsaloi. Parsarúni [North] n. [North] God our refuge (a traditional name for God). See: a-sarʉ́ ‘To seek help’. L-parsipianí [North] [North] Acc pl: L-parsípia. [North] Nom pl: L-pársípia. n. [North] A clan within the Lmásʉ́lá phratry.

m-partút [North] voc n. [North] One's wife; wife of one's age-mate. Mpartút, ówéni! Wife, come here! (SN). mpartút ɛnyɛ́ his wife (SN). Usage: m-partút is a very traditional name for a married woman, though it might possibly be rude for a young person to use it with reference to one's mother or an older grandmother. n-kitók is possibly more polite.. Syn: en-kitók ‘Woman’.

a-parʉ́ [North] m-pârr [North]

v. [North]

To remember.

See: a-damʉ́ ‘To

remember’.

Day (24 hours). ínîâ pârr [ìnìà pâr] that day (SN). See: m-párrí [North] ‘Day’; ɛnk-ɔlɔ́ŋ ‘Day, sun’; ɛn-dámā ɔ́ ɛn-kɛwaríé ‘Day’. Etymology: Variant: m-párr. [North] Nom sg: m-pârr. n. [North]

Proto-Ongamo-Maa 1982:352).

*-par- 'day' (Vossen 1989:198), from Proto-Eastern Nilotic *-paran 'day(time)' (Vossen

anapârr [North] Today, this day. nk-á ́ pârr Day after tomorrow. Kópuonú nká ́ pârr. They will come the day after tomorrow. (SN).

párra [North] [North] Stunted, born prematurely. a-parraá [North] v.dir. [North] To remember of recall sth. from long ago. See: a-damʉ́ ‘To remember’. a-parrʉ́ [North] 1 • [North] To remember. 2 • [North]

To think, cogitate. See: a-jó ‘To think, hold an opinion’.

a-parrapárr [North] v. [North] To smear sth. (eg. ochre) on s.o.'s body. m-parratût [North] [North] Nom sg: m-párratût. n. Usage: familiar term, used mostly by husband. [North] Wife. nápárratût Wife! (vocative). m-párrí [North] [North] Nom sg: m-parrí. [North] Acc pl: m-perót. [North] Nom pl: m-perót. Variant: m-parritín. [Chamus] Acc sg: párr .́ n. [North]

A day (usually including both the hours of sunlight and dark). Káshám aná párrí. [àná pàrì] I like this day. (SN). Kéísúpat aná parrí. This day is good. (SN). Kéísupáti kʉná perót. These days are good. (SN). Mayíólo mpárrí nálótú. I don't know the day that I will come. (SN). See: ɛnk-ɔlɔ́ŋ ‘Day’.

párr ́maŋat

Nom sg: parr

́maŋat. n. Newness, state of being new or temporary, eg. the first few days of being in a new place, the first few days of a job, the initial period with a new leader. Párr ́maŋat has a sense of uncertainty, as aspects of the situation may not yet be totally clear.

m-párrí-maŋát [North] [North] A new homestead. a-parrɨpárr v. 1 • To smash, crush, fracture. Nɛ́parr ́pār ɔlórīkā. He destroyed/splintered/smashed the chair. [eg. by throwing it against the wall]. 2 • To break.

a-parrʉ́ [North] v.prog. [North] To remember. Kátápárrúá ŋolé. I remembered it yesterday. (SN). Kápárr ́ta. I am remembering it (eg. I am in the act of doing it). (SN). See: l-kɨparrʉ́ [North] ‘Remembrance; memories’. Syn: a-damʉ́ ‘To remember’.

l-parruâî [North]

[lparrwâî] Nom sg: l-párruai. Acc pl: l-parrúá. Nom pl: l-

Hyphaene coriacea. This

is the only palm which is branching.

párrua. n. 1 • [North] Doum palm.

Non-branching palm. Kɔ́ɔdɔ́ alɛ́ párruai. This palm tree is tall. (SN). Kádɔ́l ́ta lparrúá ɔɔ́ɔdɔ̂. I am seeing the palm trees that are tall. (SN). Mol 1996:327 lists ɔl-paruai/olpiruai as the term for cycad, a palm-like tree: encephalartos hildebrandtii. 2 • [North]

m-parrwâ ̂ [North] [North] Palm leaf. m-parrúnotó [North] [North] Nom sg: m-parrúnotó. [North] Acc pl: m-parrunót. [North] Nom pl: m-párrunót. n. 1 • [North]

Thought. 2 • [North] Memory. 3 • [North] Good sense.

Pasa ́

Variant: Parsayé; Pasayé. Nom sg: Pása .́ n.sg. Usage: endearment. God;

sáí ‘To pray’; ɛnk-áí ‘God’.

pasɨná áí

the one to be beseeched.

See: a-

Nom sg: pásɨná

áí. Acc pl: ɨl-ɔɔ́ pasɨná áí. Nom pl: ɨl-ɔ́ɔ pasɨná áí. [North] Acc sg: pasɨná .́ voc. Usage: endearment. Address form of endearment; Beloved! (lit: oh poor me). Pasɨná ́ óú enê. My beloved, come here. (SN). Usage: Primarily used by morans and girls.. Some theologians hold the theory that the Maasai migrated from the Middle East, and are a section of the Jews. So they claim that the expression pasɨná áí referrs to the Maasai endearment for "Mt. Sinai", lit. "Oh Sinai". See: pasa ́ ‘The one to be beseeched; God’; ɔ-sɨná ‘Poverty’.

pasɨnâî [North] interj. [North] Great job! Attaboy! Way to go! m-pasíon [North] n. [North] Deserted home. See: ol-muáátɛ ‘Deserted home’. ɛ́m-pásô Variant: ɛ́m-pasô. Nom sg: ɛm-pásô. [North] Acc sg: m-páso. [North] Nom sg: m-pásô. [North] Acc pl: m-pasoí. [North] Nom pl: m-pásoí. n. 1 • Lake; large pool of water. Eturukúnye oréyiet ɔmɛtáa ɛ́mpásô ti

oŋatá The river flowed until it formed a large pool of water on the plain. 2 • Low-lying

rain clouds that normally look like mist; snow. 3 • [North] Traditional name of Lake Turkana. See: ɛn-ampáso ‘Lake’; m-básu ‘Lake’; ɛ-naɨpɔ́sha ‘Lake’.

l-pástáí [North]

Nom sg: l-pastáí. Acc pl: ɨl-pastaní. Nom pl: ɨl-pástaní. n. [North]

English pastor.

m-pásʉ́gɛ́ [North]

[North] Nom sg: m-pasʉgɛ́. n. [North]

for camels' milk.

pasurútíâî [North] l-páshátá [North]

n. [North]

Pastor.

Borrowed word: