Libraries and Google 0789031248, 0789031256, 9780789031242, 9780789031259

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William Miller • Rita M. Pellen • Editors

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William Miller Rita M. Pellen Editors

Libraries and Google® Libraries and Google® has been eo-published simultaneously as Internet Reference Services Quarterly, Volume 10, Numbers

3/4 2005.

Pre-publication REVIEWS, COMMENTARIES, EVALUATIONS. .

I VVIELY. ... A valuable book for information professionals at this time.” Yan Ma, PhD Professor Graduate School of Library and Information Studies University of Rhode Island

More pre-piiblication REVIEWS, COMMENTARIES, EVALUATIONS

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s the first book-length treatment -of this topic, THIS FASCIN¬ ATING COLLECTION OF DIVERSE PERSPECTIVES about the usefulness of google and its potential menace to libraries and scholarly communi¬ cation is A CALL TO ACTION FOR LIBRARIANS. We ignore Google, or rail against it, at our peril. Many of the contributions focus on specific Google products that have already had an impact on libraries-Google Print and Google Scholar. These fine, practical pieces for librarians and publishers are the heart of this col¬ lection.”

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Kathleen Hoeth, MLS I 'niversity Librarian and Director of Library Services Florida Gulf Coast University

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LIBRARY administraIN TOR, SYSTEMS TECHNICIAN, ELECTRONIC RESOURCES LIBRAR¬ IAN, OR REFERENCE LIBRARIAN CAN AFFORD TO IGNORE THIS IMPORTANT WORK. Among the many questions thoroughly covered in this volume are: Can Google play friendly with libraries? Can a Googlelibrary partnership be as positive as the Google-Amazon partnership? To what extent can Google mine the Invisible Web? Can libraries suc¬ cessfully rely on Google to link to licensed and aggregated full text re¬ sources? Is Google a boon or a de¬ tractor to information literacy? And, is library partnership with Google a security or privacy risk?” Christopher C. Brown, MLIS, MDiv Ref ere i ice Coot di; iatoi • Penrose Library l h iiversit) • of Deni v> ■

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not bogged down in jargon or tech¬ nicalities. The issues dealt with in

Candy Schwartz, PhD Professor Graduate School of Library & Information Science Simmons College

this book will help define the future of libraries in this century.” Terry Ballard, MLS, MEd Associate Professor and Automation Librarian Quinnipiac lhiii’ersity

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i® The Haworth Information Press® An Imprint of The Haworth Press, Inc.

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Libraries and Google®

Libraries and Google® has been co-published simultaneously as Internet Reference Sendees Quarterly, Volume 10, Numbers 3/4 2005.

Google® is a Registered Service Mark of Google, Inc., Mountain View, California. Li¬ braries and Google® is an independent publication offered by The Haworth Press, Inc., Binghamton, New York, and is not affiliated with, nor has it been authorized, sponsored, endorsed, licensed, or otherwise approved by, Google, Inc.

Monographic Separates from Internet Reference Services Quarterly™ For additional information on these and other Haworth Press titles, including descriptions, tables of contents, reviews, and prices, use the QuickSearch catalog at http://www.HaworthPress.com. Libraries and Google®, edited by William Miller. PhD, MLS, and Rita M. Pellen, MLS. (Vol. 10, No. 3/4, 2005). A thoughtful examination of how librarians can use Google® and best integrate its products into their services. Internet Reference Support for Distance Learners, edited by William Miller. PhD. MLS, and Rita M. Pellen, MLS (Vol. 9, No. 3/4, 2004). A guide to providing effective library' reference services through online support to distance learners. Improving Internet Reference Services to Distance Learners, edited by William Miller. PhD, MLS, and Rita M. Pellen. MLS (Vol. 9. No. 1/2, 2004).A look at the cooperative activities between librarians and those working outside the library to provide quality services to distance users. Virtual Reference Services: Issues and Trends, edited by Stacey Kimmel, MLS, and Jennifer Heise, MLS (Vol. 8, No. 1/2, 2003). Offers practical advice and suggestions for product selection, policy setting, technical support, collaborative efforts, staffing, training, marketing, budgeting, evaluation, and administration. Database-Driven Web Sites, edited by Kristin Antelman. MS (Vol. 7. No. 1/2. 2002). Profiles numerous successful uses of database-driven content to deliver common library services on the Internet. Bioterrorism and Political Violence: Web Resources, edited by M. Sandra Wood, MLS, MBA (Vol. 6, No. 3/4, 2002). Describes how to find reliable information on bioterrorism via the Internet. The Challenge of Internet Literacy: The Instruction-Web Convergence, edited by Lyn Elizabeth M. Martin, BA, MLS (Vol. 2. No. 2/3, 1997). “A source of valuable advice. . . . Recommended for institutions that collect library science materials on a comprehensive level. " (Library' & Information Science Annual 1999)

Libraries and Google®

William Miller Rita M. Pellen Editors Libraries and Google® has been co-published simultaneously as Internet Reference Services Quarterly, Volume 10, Numbers 3/4 2005.

Google® is a Registered Service Mark of Google, Inc., Mountain View, California. Li¬ braries and Google® is an independent publication offered by The Haworth Press, Inc., Binghamton, New York, and is not affiliated with, nor has it been authorized, sponsored, endorsed, licensed, or otherwise approved by, Google, Inc.

The Haworth Information Press® An Imprint of The Haworth Press, Inc. fM&m iinniserai New York • London • Victoria (AU)

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FR. LEONARD ALVEY LIBRARY BRESCIA UNIVERSITY

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Published by The Haworth Information Press®, 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580 USA The Haworth Information Press® is an imprint of The Haworth Press, Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580 USA.

Libraries and Google® has been co-published simultaneously as Internet Reference Services Quarterly, Volume 10, Numbers 3/4 2005. © 2005 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or uti¬ lized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilm and re¬ cording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Printed in the United Stales of America.

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The development, preparation, and publication of this work has been undertaken with great care. However, the publisher, employees, editors, and agents of The Haworth Press and all imprints of The Haworth Press. Inc., including The Haworth Medical Press® anti Pharmaceutical Products Press®, are not responsible for any errors contained herein or for consequences that may ensue from use of materi¬ als or information contained in this work. With regard to case studies, identities and circumstances of individuals discussed herein have been changed to protect confidentiality. Any resemblance to actual persons, living or dead, is entirely coincidental. The Haworth Press is committed to the dissemination of ideas and information according to the high¬ est standards of intellectual freedom and the free exchange of ideas. Statements made and opinions expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the Publisher, Directors, manage¬ ment, or staff of The Haworth Press, Inc., or an endorsement by them. Cover design by Kerry E. Mack.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Libraries and Google / William Miller, Rita M. Pellen, editors, p. cm. “Libraries and Google has been co-published simultaneously as Internet reference services quarterly, volume 10, numbers 3/4 2005.” Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-7890-3124-2 (alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-7890-3124-8 (alk. paper) ISBN-13: 978-0-7890-3125-9 (pbk. : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-7890-3125-6 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Libraries and the Internet. 2. Google. 3. Web search engines. 4. Library materials-Digitization. 5. Digital libraries. 6. Libraries-Forecasting. 7. Communication in learning and Scholarship-Technologi¬ cal innovations. I. Miller. William, 1947-. II. Pellen, Rita M. III. Internet reference services quarterly. Z674.75.I58L535 2005 020’.2854678-dc22 2005031476

Indexing, Abstracting & Website/Internet Coverage This section provides you with a list of major indexing & ab¬ stracting services and other tools for bibliographic access. That is to say, each service began covering this periodical during the year noted in the right column. Most Websites which are listed below have indicated that they will either post, disseminate, compile, archive, cite or alert their own Website users with research-based content from this work. (This list is as current as the copyright date of this publication.) Abstracting. Website/Indexing Coverage.Year When Coverage Began •

Annual Bibliography of English Language & Literature “Abstracts Section" (in print, CD-ROM, and online).1996

•

Applied Social Sciences Index Abstracts (ASSIA) (Online: ASSI via Data-Star) (CDRoni: ASSIA Plus) .1996

•

CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature), in print, EBSCO, and SilverPlatter, Data-Star, and PaperChase. (Support materials include Subject Heading List, Database Search Guide, and instructional video) .1996

•

Computer and Information Systems Abstracts .2004

•

Computer Science Index (CSI) (formerly Computer Literature Index) (EBSCO) .1997

•

Computing Reviews .1996

•

Current Cites [Digital Libraries] [Electronic Publishing] [Multimedia & Hypermedia] [Networks & Networking] I General] .2004

•

EBSCOhost Electronic Journals Service (EJS) .2001

•

Elsevier Scopus .2005

•

ERIC: Processing & Reference Facility.1998

•

European Association for Health Information & Libraries: selected abstracts in newsletter “Publications"section.1996 (continued)

1998

•

FRANCIS. INIST/CNRS .

•

Google .2004

•

Google Scholar .2004

•

Haworth Document Delivery Center .1996

•

IBZ International Bibliography of Periodical Literature .1998

•

Index to Periodical Articles Related to Law .1996

•

Information Science & Technology Abstracts: indexes journal articles from more than 450 publications as well as books, research reports, and conference proceedings; EBSCO Publishing .1996

•

Informed Librarian, The .1996

•

INSPEC is the leading English-language bibliographic information service providing access to the world’s scientific & technical literature in physics, electrical engineering, electronics, communications, control engineering, computers & computing, and information technology .1996

•

Internationale Bibliographic der geistes- und sozialwissenschaftlichen Zeitschriftenliteratur... See IBZ .1998

•

Internet & Personal Computing Abstracts (I PC A) (formerly Microcomputer Abstracts) provides access to concise and comprehensive information on the latest PC products & developments, covering over 120 of the most important publications: EBSCO Publishing .1996

•

Journal of Academic Librarianship: Guide to Professional Literature, The.1996

•

Kony vtari Eigyelo (Library Review).1996

•

Library & Information Science Abstracts (LISA) .1996

•

Library and Information Science Annual (IASCA) .1999

•

Library Literature & Information Science .1998

•

Links @ Ovid (via Cross Ref targeted DOI links) .2005

•

Mathematical Didactics (MATHDI) .2000

•

New Jour (Electronic Journals & Newsletters) .2005

•

Ovid Linksolver (OpenURL link resolver via CrossRef targeted DOI links) . (continued)

2005

PASCAL, do Institut de PInformation Scientifique et Technique.

•

Cross-disciplinary electronic database covering the fields of science, technology . 3. (since changed to “look like Google”). 4. Kirkpatrick, David. “What’s a Google? A Great Search Engine, That’s What.” Fortune, 140, no. 9, (November 8, 1999), p. 298. 5. Webb, Cynthia, L. “Google Takes a Walk down Wall Street.” Washington Post, April 30, 2004 (accessed via LexisNexis June 13, 2005). 6. Jacso. Peter. “Google Scholar Beta.” Peter’s Digital Reference Shelf, December 2004. . 7. Wleklinski, Joann M. “Studying Google Scholar: Wall to Wall Coverage?” On¬ line. 29. no. 3, (May/June 2005), p.22-26. 8. Jacso, Peter “Google Scholar (Redux). Peter's Digital Reference Shelf, June 2005. . 9. “MSN Draws Its Sword in Search Battle with Google.” Yahoo! News, (February 14,2005). .

Keeping Up with Google: Resources and Strategies for Staying Ahead of the Pack Michael J. Krasulski Steven J. Bell

SUMMARY. Librarians need to be the Google experts in their commu¬ nity since it enables librarians to be more competent in educating users. To keep up with the developments of Google the authors reviewed eleven Web sites and blogs and create a strategy for keeping up using these sites. Three are highly recommended for a keeping-up regimen. The authors also suggest that librarians either use search engine alerting services or RSS technology to deliver news feeds into a news aggregator in their keeping-up regimen. [Article copies available for a fee from The Haworth Document Delivery Service: 1-800-HAWORTH. E-mail address: Website: © 2005 by the Haworth Tress, Inc. All rights reserved.] Michael J. Krasulski is Coordinator of Public Services (E-mail: krasulskim@ philau.edu); and Steven J. Bell is Director of the Library (E-mail: [email protected]), both at Philadelphia University, Paul J. Gutman Library, School House Lane and Henry Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19144. All the sites reviewed were accessed during the month of April 2005. The authors appreciate the advice received from their colleague Gary Price. Google® is a Registered Service Mark of Google, Inc., Mountain View, California. Libraries and Google® is an independent publication offered by The Haworth Press, Inc., Binghamton, New York, and is not affiliated with, nor has it been authorized, sponsored, endorsed, licensed, or otherwise approved by, Google, Inc. [Haworth co-indexing entry note]: "Keeping Up with Google: Resources and Strategies for Staying Ahead of the Pack." Krasulski, Michael J., and Steven J. Bell. Co-published simultaneously in Internet Ref¬ erence Services Quarterly (The Haworth Information Press, an imprint of The Haworth Press. Inc.) Vol. 10. No. 3/4, 2005, pp. 211-223; and: Libraries and Google® (ed: William Miller, and Rita M. Pellen) The Haworth Information Press, an imprint of The Haworth Press, Inc., 2005. pp. 211-223. Single or multiple cop¬ ies of this article are available for a fee from The Haworth Document Delivery Service 11-800-HAWORTH. 9:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. (EST). E-mail address: [email protected]].

Available online at http://www.haworthpress.com/web/IRSQ © 2005 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved, doi: 10.1300/J136v 10n()3 19

211

LIBRARIES AND GOOGLE®

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KEYWORDS. Google, current awareness, blogs, keeping up, profes¬ sional development

INTRODUCTION Librarian perceptions of and attitudes towards Google, the search en¬ gine, are as diverse as the ever-growing number of products and ser¬ vices offered by Google, the company. Google-adoring librarians may support the complete and utter “Googlization” of library databases so that every search is a “Google experience.” Other librarians choose to resist “Googlization” and instead favor keeping library database inter¬ faces exactly as they are. However, the vast majority of librarians are schizophrenic about Google and librarians can shift their position on any given day. Because Google is so popular, and because it currently dominates the search engine landscape, the one position that none of us can afford to take is choosing to ignore altogether what Google is doing and plans to do. It is no exaggeration to suggest that librarians need to be Google experts. Becoming a Google expert requires an appropriate strategy for keep¬ ing up with Google. This article examines a collection of resources and strategies that we think will enable any librarian to develop an effective regimen for a “Google Keep Up” strategy. The resources are reviewed, and the goal of this article is to identify the qualities of each so that li¬ brarians can choose those that best fit their needs and available time for keeping-up activity. We conclude by recommending a strategy that we believe would provide a good baseline for every librarian who can bene¬ fit from doing a better job of keeping up with Google. Of course, we hope many readers will choose to go beyond that level because if noth¬ ing else, for the foreseeable future, keeping up with Google is a neces¬ sary and fun way to spend a part of each day.

WHY KEEP UP WITH GOOGLE? Regardless of what position a librarian takes on Google, it certainly is incumbent upon every library professional to achieve as high a level of expertise about Google as is possible. Why is that? We can think of four good reasons: • • • •

To To To To

take full advantage of the search system establish a position as campus or community expert help keep colleagues alert to change and improvements keep up with the competition

Michael J. Kras it I ski and Steven J. Bell

213

The more a searcher knows about any search system, the more effec¬ tive he or she is at obtaining the best possible results. Even though Google is deceptively simple, it offers a range of advanced techniques that can enhance results. While Google adds new search features infre¬ quently, those who follow the Google literature continue to discover previously unknown techniques. Not long ago one of the authors dis¬ covered that Google’s search engine allows for a crude form of proxim¬ ity searching (only up to within three words), a technique that receives no mention in Google’s help page. Experts can pass on to readers of their articles and postings this information. A January 2005 Pew Internet and American Life report on search en¬ gine users provides ample evidence that even though the vast majority of search engine users are naive about search engines, they also report satisfaction with their search results (Fallows 2005). These findings emphasize the value of establishing oneself as the campus search engine expert, and proactively working to help the user community become more knowledgeable about search engines, Google in particular, and techniques for improving search results. Through our instruction ses¬ sions, newsletters, and interpersonal interactions, the library community needs to share information about improving search skills. However, this can be accomplished only if we know more about Google than our users. Consider the introduction of Google Scholar or a new Google feature such as Desktop Search or Google History. On our campus, we find that faculty and students often fail to discover these new tools and tech¬ niques in a timely fashion. As we endeavor to increase awareness of ex¬ isting features, such as those found on the Google advanced search screen, we also need to alert our colleagues to the new tools that Google introduces. While some, such as Google Scholar, are rarely missed by librarians because they are heavily publicized in our popular profes¬ sional literature, there are those lesser-known features that librarians will only discover through an organized and systematic keeping-up reg¬ imen. Whether Google represents competition for libraries or is simply a benign information option for our user community, it is incumbent upon our profession to keep up with Google, Inc. as a form of competitive in¬ telligence. We need to know how its products and services compare to our own information resources and services. If our goal is to encourage our user communities to take full advantage of all available information options it is critical to be able to identify which resources do the best job for any given research task. It is important to be able to demonstrate • when Google works best, or when a library database is the right choice.

214

LIBRARIES AND GOOGLE®

Think of it as being able to show the competitive advantage of using li¬ brary databases. We have probably all experienced a sales pitch from a library product vendor representative who was unaware that the compe¬ tition already offers better features. Do we want to be in the same posi¬ tion when we engage in user education? Keeping up is a form of competitive intelligence. Knowing more about Google, especially fu¬ ture innovations and initiatives, simply enables us to be more competent in educating our user community.

RESOURCES FOR KEEPING UP WITH GOOGLE There are primarily three types of resources for keeping up with Google. The first type includes electronic newsletters. E-newsletters are characterized by a regular weekly or monthly frequency, a more formal publication and distribution process, and the fact that they are delivered to an e-mail inbox. The second type includes blogs that use RSS (Rich Site Syndication) technology to allow for the distribution of daily or near-daily postings. Blog content is typically characterized by the blogger’s personality and insights, and the reporting and writing styles are less formal than those of an e-newsletter. The third resource consists of news articles from a multitude of sources that are aggregated into a single source. Individuals now have the power to construct such cus¬ tomized searches for themselves using the RSS capabilities embedded in many news sources (e.g., Yahoo, Findory). Our methodology for identifying the best sources for keeping up with Google included our own experience as Google followers, conversations with experts such as Gary Price, and limiting inclusion to only those sources that are fre¬ quently (more than once a week) updated. To confirm that we missed nothing essential we consulted the resource lists provided by the various Google bloggers, as well as searching various engines with terms such as “google,” “blogs,” “resources.” To organize the Google Keep Up resources covered in this article we devised the following four categories as indicators of the quantity or ex¬ tent of Google reporting: • Nothin’ But Google-those resources that are completely Google¬ centric. • Lotsa’ Google-those resources that primarily concentrate their content on Google, but are likely to report occasionally on periph¬ eral topics.

Michael J. Krasulski and Steven J. Bell

215

• Sorta’ Google-those resources that report on the search engine in¬ dustry or that provide news and search tips for a broad range of search engines, but that do provide ample news about Google. • Not-A-Lotta Google-rather than simply discard these sources be¬ cause they report on Google less frequently than those sources in other categories, we find they have some value because they pro¬ vide interesting commentary or insights the other sources may miss.

Nothin But Google ’

Google Blog

Google Blog is the official blog of Google, Inc. Google staff post news, information, and insights about Google. The blog is a fun read. Typical posts include Google Gossip, tips sent in by Google users, and new product announcements. Because Google Blog is clearly the best resource for keeping up with news about and activity at Google, Inc., it is naturally the primary news source for a host of Google bloggers. However, being the voice of Google negates this resource for any criti¬ cal evaluation of its own products or activities. Think of it as going to a company’s own Web site to get information about the company; you can expect some bias. Like the search engine itself, the blog is clutter free and easy to navigate. Google Blog is necessary in your Google regimen. Topix Google News < http://www. topix. net/com/google >

Topix, online since 2002, is by design a one-stop source for news and information about specific topics. It is organized into the following five sections: headline news; recent news; press releases; archives; and re¬ lated news sources. This structure keeps the news about Google, Inc. well organized for rapid accessibility. According to Gary Price, search engine expert and creator of Resource Shelf, Topix is the most compre¬ hensive site on the Web today for Google news. Now that Google has gone public, the reporting leans towards news about Google the corpo¬ ration; expect to wade through stories about Google’s stock perfor¬ mance. Topix contains items from a broader range of unique source publica¬ tions than any other Google resource we examined. Users are able to set

216

LIBRARIES AND GOOGLE®

up alerts for any new Topix postings containing Google news. From our perspective, the only drawback at Topix is its tendency to focus on the corporate side of Google. It’s understandable, but of little interest to li¬ brarians. Even so, we force ourselves to monitor this news owing to its potential to report important advances or news from Google Labs, the research and development division of Google, Inc. News aggregator us¬ ers will be pleased to know that Topix supplies an RSS feed for the Google, Inc. news page. Because it draws on thousands of sources for Google news, this site rivals Google’s own for news and information, but provides it without any inherent bias. UBC Google Scholar Blog

Unlike the previous two resources, this one is a personal blog. Dean Giustini, a reference librarian at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, maintains the University of British Columbia Google Scholar Blog. Online since April 2005, this blog is certainly the newest addition to the genre. Giustini pulls his news postings from the usual variety of sources including professional journals, blogs, newspa¬ pers, and resources mentioned elsewhere in this article. The blog is low on clutter, rather easy to navigate, and adds Giustini’s own perspective to the reporting. Interestingly, Giustini promotes his blog as a site where Canadian librarians can keep up with Google Scholar. His postings, however, are primarily drawn from American sources. For that reason, his blog lacks an authentic Canadian perspective on Google. UBC Google Scholar Blog should be considered only a marginal resource for a Google keeping-up regimen.

Lotsa Google ’

Google Weblog

Aaron Swartz maintains Google Weblog. He is a Stanford University student, and has been tracking Google since March 2002. While this blog primarily covers Google, there are occasional postings about other search engines. Research Buzz, Google Blog, and The New York Times look like his most common sources for content. He offers a streamlined blog that is easy to read and navigate. An RSS feed is provided for those desiring to capture the content in their news aggregator. His postings are

Michael J. Krasulski and Steven J. Bell

217

usually brief and right to the point, but things can get interesting when he expounds his comments on Google innovations. For example, he of¬ fered insightful remarks on Google’s plan to digitize Anglo-American libraries. Google Weblog does tend to duplicate other sources we men¬ tion, and as the work of a hobbyist, it will strike the reader as sometimes lacking in professionalism. It also includes advertisements but they are kept out of the way. Still, Google Weblog is worth considering, and we recommend giving it a try for a few months to determine if its occa¬ sional insights are of value, or if the news it provides is better obtained elsewhere. InsicleGoogle

InsideGoogle is a part of the Blog News Channel maintained by Na¬ than Weinberg. Google is the focus of the blog, but as with some of these other resources, news about other engines creeps in as well. Un¬ like some of the other resources, Weinberg makes it a habit to cite the source of his information. The majority of his posts come from Searchenginewatch and even though he pulls heavily from it, he orga¬ nizes the content well and adds original content about Google’s latest activities. That is why InsideGoogle is more than a rehashing of Searchenginewatch news. InsideGoogle makes for worthwhile reading, but even more interesting is the extensive list of blogs Weinberg assem¬ bles concerning Microsoft, Google, Search Engines, Tech News, NonEnglish blogs, and blogs by Microsoft and Google employees. Check this list for additional blogs that can supplement what is covered in this article. We think this site can be effective for a keeping-up regimen that seeks an international perspective; others might find it marginal. On Google Scholar

T. J. Sonnderman, a research and instruction librarian in Newton, MA, maintains On Google Scholar. On Google Scholar is an expansive resource for keeping up with Google. Sonnderman writes “Wherein a li¬ brarian tracks a paradigm shift. Love it or hate it, the effect will be pro¬ found.” Sondermann is right on target; Google is here to stay and librarians have a responsiblity to keep up with it. He pulls information from a variety of sources including library professional journals and newsletters, blogs, and Google itself. But Sonnderman can be less up-to-

LIBRARIES AND GOOGLE©

218

date than we like. A story about Peter Jacso’s “Side-by-Side” search en¬ gine that compares Google Scholar to native publisher search engines was posted on April 19, 2005, but there were multiple stories about Jacso’s engine months before that in a variety of sources. Sonndermann doesn’t hesitate to add an opinion to Google developments. The com¬ mentary is almost exclusively about Google, but at times goes generic when blogging about non-Google library issues. The blog is updated regularly. While less up-to-date, comprehensive, and informative than our highly recommended sites, there may be some interest in On Google Scholar for its library perspective.

Sorta Google ’

Search Engine Report

Search Engine Report is an e-mail newsletter form Searchenginewatch. com. The newsletter is all encompassing, covering Yahoo, Google, Lycos, Ask Jeeves, and more. If something is new in the search engine world or causing news, then Search Engine Report has the story. The news items come primarily from two sources, Search Engine Watch (a blog) and SearchDay. While it would be interesting to have the news ar¬ ranged by search engine or degree of importance, Search Engine Report uses just common chronological order to organize the news. Each posting provides a brief summary of why the news matters. Some of Search Engine Report’s full content is available only to subscribers of Searchenginewatch.com. If you are serious about keeping up with Google, someone in your library should subscribe. If price is an issue, do not fret. The Search Engine Report tends to be the main source of Google information for some of the other blogs so some of the feebased content may turn up elsewhere. While librarians are encouraged to use the free version of the Search Engine Report, we think the fee-based version of the service is highly worthwhile. ResearchBuzz < 11 ttp://w w v t;. resea rchb uzz.con i/>

ResearchBuzz, online since 1998, written and edited by Tara Calishain, is among the oldest sites on the Web dedicated to keeping up with search engines. Like Searchenginereport, it has free and fee versions. Since ResearchBuzz is all-encompassing, like Searchengineblog, the authors

Michael J. Krasitlski and Steven J. Bell

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suggest use of the category “search engines” to limit searching and in¬ formation to just about Google. The reader is taken to a page with Google entries back to 1999 in order by date. Clicking on any of the en¬ tries will take the reader to expanded entries. A Google entry is added almost every other day. There are some similarities in the types of Google news covered between Searchenginewatch and ResearchBuzz. While its news about Google is somewhat limited and may be slightly out of date, Calishain provides some useful tips that should benefit any librarian. It is not for serious Google Watching, but valuable for its tips about Google tools and search technique. SearchengineBlog

Peter Da Vanzo, a search engine marketing strategist and industry commentator in Wellington, New Zealand, writes Searchengineblog, online since 2002. His blog is crisp and clutter-free. He pulls materials from a variety of American and European sources. He makes note of search engine events relevant to Australia and New Zealand. For exam¬ ple, he mentions an April 1, 2005 incident when Google dropped the google.com.au domain for several hours. This story was missed by many of the sites covered in this article. Recently, Peter Da Vanzo re¬ ported that he was going on vacation, and that Searchengine Blog would be left static for a while. Since the blog will not be updated for an unde¬ termined period, we think it can be skipped. Google Blogoscoped

Phillip Lennsen, a Web designer in Stuttgart, Germany, maintains Google Blogoscoped. Google Blogoscoped is the most unusual site ex¬ plored for this article owing to its clever forum features and added value utilities. While the postings are mainly about Google, the blogger also provides interesting posts about aspects of Web design and important news about other search engines. One good example of the utilities Lennsen creates are his quick search tools that run Google in the back¬ ground. For example, he developed a tool called “Actors.” It quickly identifies the roles played by any actor. One of the authors queried Har¬ rison Ford, and quickly obtained a comprehensive list of his acting roles. The tools may be perceived as more for amusement than research, but we think researchers will find them of value. The forum (discussion

LIBRARIES AND GOOGLE®

220

board) feature on Google Blogoscoped is highly active. Because the fo¬ rum content comes from individual readers it can offer a valuable method to obtain news and updates about Google not found elsewhere. We don’t recommend it for regular reading: however Google Blogoscoped is cer¬ tainly worth a look from time to time.

Not-A-Lotta Google ’

Phil Bradley's Blog

Phil Bradley’s Blog has been online since 1998. His blog is designed to allow one to keep up on search engines, Internet searching, Web page design, and new Web features for librarians. He updates his page regu¬ larly, sometimes up to three times a day, and his posts are short and con¬ cise with a library focus. Phil Bradley takes from a variety of American and European sources including the professional literature. Google is reasonably covered. It's not highly recommended for developing or maintaining Google expertise, but librarians may want to consider Phil Bradley’s Blog as a more generic way to keep up on topics of interest to i nformation professional s.

CUSTOMIZING GOOGLE KEEP UP Based on our experience, regularly reviewing a mix of these publica¬ tions will effectively ensure that almost any article, newsletter, or blog post published about Google will become a part of one’s personal Google universe. But we also know that even these hard working fol¬ lowers of Google are likely to occasionally miss an interesting story or two. There are times when a librarian or researcher wants to be alerted to stories about some specific aspect of Google. For example, a re¬ searcher may wish to learn how high school students are using Google for identifying prospective colleges. How about locating articles that fo¬ cus on academic or public libraries using Google? These are good ex¬ amples of when it is appropriate to customize a search for the Google keeping-up regimen. We recommend two options for customizing Google watching. The first option is to take advantage of the alert services offered by search engines. Google and Yahoo both offer easy-to-use alerting systems. Setting up an alert varies only slightly in each. In Yahoo, performing

Michael J. Krasulski aiul Steven J. Bell

221

any search results in an option to create an alert for that search state¬ ment. In Google, one needs to go into the alerts service to establish an alert based on a search statement. Alerts in either system require the es¬ tablishment of an account, so this does call for the provision of some personal information. Once an alert is established, whenever either en¬ gine indexes a story containing the search terms, or it could be a Web site containing information related to the topic, the alert owner receives an e-mail message with a link to the article or Web site. One drawback of alerts is that they can easily, if not carefully prepared, result in the forwarding of too much information that is often irrelevant. The other option is to make use of the RSS technology offered by a variety of search engines and news outlets. RSS technology makes vir¬ tually any news story a “feed” that can be automatically deliverable to a news aggregator such as Bloglines. A good example is provided by the news source called Findory.com that covers thousands of news sources and blogs. Any search results in the delivery of a unique RSS feed for that exact search. When one subscribes to the feed with his or her news aggregator, any time a new story related to that search query is published it is delivered to the aggregator. Both methods offer great convenience, but sometimes at the risk of being overwhelmed if the search statement is too broad. However, the RSS feed can be deleted and a new one con¬ structed. Our personal preference is to use the RSS method because it is ultimately more convenient to capture the feeds in an aggregator for once-a-day review rather than having them come intermittently into an e-mail inbox. In addition, the RSS feed approach requires no registra¬ tion with any engine or news source.

CONCLUSION So, what do we recommend? What is the best strategy for keeping up with Google? The answer depends on each individual’s needs and inter¬ ests. It is likely that true Googleholics will want to take advantage of the full gamut of resources we identify. That will inevitably lead to receiv¬ ing a fair amount of duplicate information but there are some slight vari¬ ations, such as a particular blogger’s perspective, that an enthusiast will find salient. For everyone else, we think a mix of selected resources will suffice for a robust regimen for keeping up with Google. Table 1 pro¬ vides a chart that compares a variety of features for each resource. While any and all of these sources have some merit, only three received our “highly recommended” rating. We believe that librarians should

LIBRARIES AND GOOGLE®

222

routinely follow all three of these resources to effectively keep up with Google, both the engine and corporation. Beyond those three, each indi¬ vidual may choose to add one, two, or more resources as time and pref¬ erences allow. While a resource may be marginal in terms of the new or additional news it can add to one’s personal Google universe, the style of a particular blogger, the frequency of the news, or the particular spin put on the story can all add to the experience of keeping up. In addition, we think it is a good idea to consider developing a customized search or two that can be tracked as an alert or RSS feed. Keeping up is all about time, or more often, our lack of it. The num¬ ber one reason librarians fail to keep up effectively is insufficient time. But time is our most precious resource, and it is incumbent upon us to keep up as efficiently as possible so we maximize our available time. Think of keeping up with Google as an investment of time. Like most investments, there is risk. Keeping up will sometimes yield little news or information of value, but without fail, those who keep up conscien¬ tiously will be rewarded with a gem of information that is the return on the investment. Granted, if something as significant as GooglePrint happens we all hear about it in a short time. But the reality is that Google is now a news machine, constantly generating stories both significant and minor. Which are the ones we can afford to miss? TABLE 1 Source

Google Gossip

Google Inc.

Google Research

RSS Feed

E-mail Alerts

Rank

Google Blog

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

No

Highly Recommended

Phil Bradley

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

No

Marginal

Topix

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

Highly Recommend

UBC Google Scholar

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

No

Marginal

Google Weblog

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

Marginal

Inside Google

Yes

No

No

Yes

No

Marginal

On Google Scholar

Yes

No

Yes

No

No

Marginal

Search Engine Report

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Highly Recommended

ResearchBuzz

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Marginal

Search Engine Blog

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

No

Marginal

Google Blogoscoped

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

Marginal

Michael J. Krasulski and Steven J. Bell

223

REFERENCES Fallows, Deborah. (2005) Search engine users. Washington, D.C.: Pew Internet and American Life Project, 2005. Retrieved on April 27, 2005. .

Index ICate, 62-63 5 laws for library science (Ranganathan, S. R.), 19

AAUP (Association of American University Presses), 64 Academic library-specific issues, 104-105 Academic Search Premier database, 45,47-54. See also EBSCO Access-related issues, 30-31,37-43, 149-158,170-171. See also under individual concepts electronic access paradigm shift perspectives, 37-43 information environment paradigm shift perspectives, 30-31 information needs, 170-171 licensed full text holdings access perspectives, 149-158 Acharya, Anurag, 68 ACM Computing Classification System, 161-162 ACRL Information Literacy Standards, 167-173 Adaptability-related issues. 174-176 Adlington, Janice, 135-148 Aggregators, 72-74,151-153 database, 151-153 journal, 72-74 ALA (American Library Association), 41-42 Alexander the Great, 22 AltaVista, 92-93,206 Amazon.com, 59,1 13 American Libraries Online, 64 American Library Association. See ALA (American Library Association)

Anderson, Chris, 17 Anderson, Rick, 29-36 ARL (Association of Research Libraries), 93-95 Arrangement criteria, 138-140 Article-level service, 34-35 Ask Jeeves, 119-120,218 Association of American University Presses. See AALIP (Association of American University Presses) Association of Research Libraries. See ARL (Association of Research Libraries) Authority criteria, 140-141 Authorization API, 52-54

Back door concept, 111 Back-of-book indexes, 188-189 Background perspectives. See also under individual concepts of Google Print-specific concepts, 5-7,23-28,57-63,72-77 digitization complement perspectives, 5-7 Oxford University (Bodleian Library) participation perspectives, 23-28 performance test perspectives, 72-77 value-impact convergences, 57-63 of Google Scholar-specific concepts, 57-63,117-120, 135-138,149-153,167-168 information literacy tool evaluation perspectives, 167-168

© 2005 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved.

225

226

LIBRARIES AND GOOGLE©

licensed full text holdings access perspectives, 149-153 reference tool evaluation parameters, 135-138 search behavior- sc hoi arly research convergences, 117-120 value-impact convergences, 57-63 of Google Search Appliance-federated search convergences, 45-50 of paradigm shifts, 29-34,37-42, 89-93.103-106,159-162, 177-183,195-198,205-207, 211-214 brand image, 205-207 current awareness blogs, 211-214 electronic access, 37-42 information environments, 29-34 librarian roles, 103-106 literature searches-link-based page ranking convergences, 159-162 privacy-related, 195-198 publication optimization, 177-183 Visible vs. Invisible Web resources, 89-93 Banks, Marcus, 63 Basic concepts. See Fundamental concepts; Overviews and summaries Behavior-related issues, 29-36 Bell, Steven J., 211-223 Benda, Chris, 135-148 Bibliographic instruction issues, 167-176 Blackboard. 99 Blogs and blogging, 162-163,200-201, 211-223. See also under indi vidua I concepts

current awareness blog paradigm shift perspectives, 211-223

literature searches-link-based page ranking convergences, 162-163 privacy-related paradigm shift perspectives, 200-201 Bodleian Library (Oxford University), 23-28. See also Oxford University (Bodleian Library) participation perspectives Book trade convergences, 15-19 Boyle, Frances, 26 Bradley, Phil. 220 Brand image paradigm shift perspectives, 205-210 background perspectives of, " 205-207 copyright-related issues, 207-208 flawed data impacts, 208 future perspectives of, 208 gatekeeper concept, 205-206 good enough syndrome, 208 information literacy tool evaluation perspectives, 174. See also Information literacy tool evaIualion perspectives overviews and summaries of, 205 reference resources for, 209 University of Idaho, 205-210 venture capital issues, 206-208 Bright Planet, 95-97 Brin, Sergv, 58,74.197,208 Business model impacts, 13-19 delivery-related, 14-15 JSTOR and, 17-18 long-tail effect and, 16-19 retail service-related, 16-19

Calicott, Burton. 71-88 California Digital Library, 64-65,95 Calishain, Tara. 218-219 Cambridge Scientific Abstracts, 151-152 Carr, Reg, 24-25 Cathcart, Rachael, 167-176 Challenge-response issues, 119-120

Index Chapter contents, 187-188 CiteBase, 122 CN1 (Coalition for Networked Information), 108-109 Collaboration vs. competition, 109-113 College of Charleston, 71-88 Combined title and contents pages, 187 Comparability criteria, 142-145 Competition vs. collaboration, 109-1 13 Consumer protection issues, 197 Content criteria, 141-142 CONTENTdm collection, 45,47-54 Context- and fit-related issues, 137-138 Contextual Resource Evaluation Environment projects. See CREE (Contextual Resource Evaluation Environment) project Control, indexing. 186-190. See also Indexing control issues Cooke, Rachel, 149-158 Copyright-related issues, 207-208 brand image paradigm shift perspectives, 207-208 Oxford University (Bodleian Library) participation perspectives, 26-28 Cornell University, 125-126 Creation and currency criteria, 145 CREE (Contextual Resource Evaluation Environment) project, 125-126,128 Criteria, evaluation, 138-146. See also Reference tool evaluation parameters arrangement, 138-140 authority, 140-141 comparability, 142-145 content, 141-142 creation and currency, 145 listings of, ,138 usability, 145 CrossRef, 138 Currency criteria, 145

227 Current awareness blog paradigm shift perspectives, 211-223 background perspectives of, 211-214 future perspectives of, 221-222 keeping-up concept, 214-221 customization-related issues,

220-221 Google Blog, 215 Google Blogoscoped, 219-220 On Google Scholar, 217-218 InsideGoogle, 217 Phil Bradley’s Blog, 220 ResearchBuzz, 218-219 resources for, 214-220 Search Engine Report, 218 SearchengineBlog, 219 strategy-related issues, 212-214 Topix Google News, 215-216 UBC Google Scholar Bug, 216 overviews and summaries of,

211-212 Philadelphia University and, 211-223 reference resources for, 223 Customer-driven environments, 107-109 Customization-related issues, 220-221

Da Vanzo, Peter, 219 Data-collection and data-mining issues, 199-201 Database aggregators, 151-153 Davis, Stan, 104-105 Dawson, Alan, 177-194 Deep Web searching, 95-97 Delivery-related impacts, 14-15 Devine, Jane, 89-102 Digitization complement perspectives, 5-22 background perspectives of, 5-7 business model impacts, 13-19 delivery-related, 14-15 JSTOR and, 17-18 long-tail effect and, 16-19 retail service-related, 16-19

228

LIBRARIES AND GOOGLE©

delivery-related impacts, 14-15 five laws for library science (Ranganathan, S. R.) and, 19 future perspectives of, 13-14,20-22 futurism and, 5-7 niche vs. mass digitization impacts, 5-7 overviews and summaries of, 5-7 partner library impacts, 7-10 DXLS and, 8-9 Harvard University, 7-10 Making of America and, 8-10 New York Public Library, 7-10 objectives of, 7-10 OCR text derivatives and, 8-9 Oxford University, 7-10 Stanford University, 7-10 University of Michigan, 5-22 reference resources for, 22 repository role impacts, 19-20 response-related impacts, 10-13 retail book trade convergences, 15-19 RIP concept, 17-18 Digitization processes, 27-28 Dillon, Dennis, 98 Document formats, 189-190 Document texts, 186-187 Donlan, Rebecca, 149-158 Duke University, 123-124 DXLS, 8-9

E-bay,38 E-books, 40-41 EBBO (Early English Books Online), 24 EBSCO, 45,47-54,77-80,122,151-152 EBSCOhost, 47-48,96-97 ECCO (Eighteenth Century Collections Online), 24 Economy, information, 30-31 Egger-Sider, Francine, 89-102 Eighteenth Century Collections Online. See ECCO (Eighteenth Century Collections Online)

Electronic access paradigm shift perspectives, 37-44 access-related issues, 37-43 background perspectives of, 37-42 e-books, 40-41 future perspectives of, 42-43 obsolescence-related issues, 37-38 overviews and summaries of. 37-38 paperless society concept, 37.41-42 quality-control-related issues, 40-43 reference resources for, 44 Winthrop University, 37-44 Elsevier (Scirus), 65-66,75-78 Emory University, 117-134 Ethical issues, 172-173 EU (European Union), 64-65 Evaluation-related issues, 71-88, 135-148,171-172. See also under individual concepts information needs, 171-172 performance test perspectives, 71-88 reference tool evaluation parameters, 135-148 Ex Libris, 62-63 Excite, 74 Expectation-related issues, 125-126

Federated searching, 45-46.167-168. See also under individual concepts Google Search Appliance convergences, 45-56 information literacy tool evaluation perspectives, 167-168 Felter. Laura M., 75-76 Filtering, 160-162 Finding aids, traditional, 73-74 Fit-related issues, 137-138 Five laws for library science (Ranganathan. S. R.), 19 Flawed data impacts, 208 Florida Atlantic University, 167-176 Florida Gulf Coast University, 149-157

Index

Force, Ron, 205-210 Formats, multiple documents, 189-190 French National Library, 64 Frequencies, word, 164 Froogle, 38,206-207 Full-text holdings access, 149-158. See also Licensed full text holdings access perspectives Full-text searchability, 35 Fundamental concepts, 1-5. See also Overviews and summaries Future perspectives. See also under individual con cep ts

of Google Print-specific concepts, 13-14,20-22,27-28,68-69, 84-88 digitization complement perspectives, 13-14,20-22 Oxford University (Bodleian Library) participation perspectives, 27-28 performance test perspectives, 84-88 v a I u e - i m p a c t c o n v e r g e n c e s, 68-69 of Google Scholar-specific concepts, 68-69,130-132,146, 156-157,173-176 information literacy tool evaluation perspectives, 173-176 licensed full text holdings access perspectives, 156-157 reference tool evaluation parameters, 146 search behavior-scholarly research convergences, 130-132 value-impact convergences, 68-69 of Google Search Appliance-federated search convergences, 54 of paradigm shifts, 35-36,42-43, 99-100,113-114,164-165, 192-193.201 -202,208,221 -222

229

brand image, 208 current awareness blogs, 221 -222 electronic access, 42-43 information environments, 35-36 librarian roles, 113-114 literature searches-link-based page ranking convergences, 164-165 privacy-related, 201 -202 publication optimization, 192-193 Visible vs. Invisible Web resources, 99-100 Futurism, 5-7

Gatekeeper concept, 75-76,205-206 Gateway roles, 105-106 Georgia State University, 123-124, 137-138 Givler, Peter, 64 Good enough syndrome, 208 Goodman, Andrew, 122 Google Blog, 215 Google Blogoscoped, 219-220 Google Groups, 38 Google Images, 38 Google-library convergence concepts. See also under individual concepts

fundamental concepts, 1-5 Google Print, 5-22 Google Print-specific concepts, 5-28,57-88 digitization complement perspectives, 5-22 Oxford University (Bodleian Library) participation perspectives, 23-28 performance test perspectives, 71-88 value-impact convergences, 57-70

230

LIBRARIES AND GOOGLE®

Google Scholar-specific concepts, 57-70,117-158,167-176 information literacy tool evaluation perspectives, 167-176 licensed full text holdings access perspectives, 149-158 reference tool evaluation parameters, 135-148 search hehav i or- scholarI y research convergences, 117-134 value-impact convergences, 57-70 Google Search Appliance-federated search convergences, 45-56 paradigm shift perspectives, 29-44, 89-1 16,159-166,177-223 brand image, 205-210 current awareness blogs, 211-223 electronic access, 37-44 information environments, 29-36 librarian roles, 103-1 16 literature searches-link-based page ranking convergences, 159-166 privacy-related perspectives, 195-204 publication optimization, 177-194 Visible vs. Invisible Web resources, 89-102 Google Mail, 206-207 Google News, 38 Google Print-specific concepts, 5-28,57-88. See also under individual concepts

Bodleian Library (Oxford) participation perspectives, 23-28 digitization complement perspectives, 5-22 performance test perspectives, 71 -88 value-impact convergences, 57-70

Google Scholar-specific concepts, 57-70.1 17-158,167-176. See also under individual concepts

information literacy tool evaluation perspectives, 167-176 licensed full text holdings access perspectives, 149-158 reference tool evaluation parameters, 135-148 search behavior-scholarly research convergences, 117-134 value-impact convergences, 57-70 Google Search Appliance-federated search convergences, 45-56 authorization API and, 52-554 background perspectives of, 45-50 challenges of, 50-51 CONTENTdm collection, 45,47-54 EBSCO, 45,47-54 Academic Search Premier database, 45.47-54 EBSCOhost, 47-48 future perspectives of, 54 HTML and, 49-51 implementation processes, 46-50 NELLCO and, 52 overviews and summaries of, 45-46 Purls, 47-51 reference resources for, 54-55 University of Nevada (Reno) and, 45-56 XLST style sheets and, 49-50 XML and, 49-54 XML feeds and. 52-54 Google Toolbar, 197-198,206-207 Google Uncle Sam. 201 Gore, Al. 38-39 Government surveillance, 197 GPO Access. 96-97 GSA (Google Search Appliance), 45-56. See also Google Search Appliance-federated search convergences Guistini, Dean, 216 Gutenberg Project, 38,40,59

Index Hadrian, 22 Hart, Michael, 59 Harvard University, 7-10 Herring, Mark Y., 37-44 Hidden Web concept, 112-113 Higher education- and academic library-specific issues, 104-105 High Wire Press, 68 Historical perspectives. See Background perspectives HOMER, 121-122 Hotbot, 38 Hotmail, 199-200 HTML, 49-51 HTML meta tags, 181-183 Hurston, Zora Neale, 77-80 Hybrid Library concept, 24-25

Identification of information needs, 169-170 ILOR, 38 Image-related issues, 205-210. See also Brand image paradigm shift perspectives Image wrapper contents, 188 Impact-related issues, 84-88,93-95. See also under individual concepts

performance test perspectives, 84-88 Visible vs. Invisible Web resource paradigm shift perspectives, 93-95 " Implementation processes, 46-50 IMS Global Learning Consortium, 108-109 Indexing control issues, 186-190. See also Publication optimization paradigm shift perspectives back-of-bopk indexes, 188-189 chapter contents, 187-188 combined title and contents pages, 187

231 document texts, 186-187 examples, 186-190 guidelines and, 186 image wrapper contents, 188 indexing principles and, 190 multiple document formats, 189-190 subject indexes, 189 tables of contents, 187 title pages, 187 Infomine, 98-99 Information economy concept, 30-31 Information environment paradigm shift perspectives, 29-36 access-related issues, 30-31 article-level service, 34-35 background perspectives of, 29-34 full-text searchability, 35 future perspectives of, 35-36 information economy concept, 30-31 information revolution concept, 31 library strengths vs. weaknesses, 35-36 overviews and summaries of, 29-30 patron behavior-related issues, 29-36 reference resources for, 36 search engine-related issues, 32-36 service on demand, 34 University of Nevada (Reno), 29-36 Information literacy tool evaluation perspectives, 167-176 ACRL Information Literacy Standards, 167-173 background perspectives of, 167-168 bibliographic instruction issues and, 167-176 Florida Atlantic University and, 167-176 future perspectives of, 173-176 needs-related issues, 169-173 access, 170-171 contexts of, 172-173

232

LIBRARIES AND GOOGLE®

ethical issues and, 172-173 identification of, 169-170 information evaluation and, 171-172 knowledge applications and, 172 learning objectives and, 172 societal issues and, 172-173 overviews and summaries of, 167-168 recommendations for, 173-176 adaptability-related issues and. 174-176 federated searching. 167-168.174 image branding and, 174 meta-searching, 174 online lies concept and, 174 reference resources for, 176 Information needs issues, 169-173 Information revolution concept, 31 ItifoTrac, 73 InsideGoogle, 217 Internet Archive, 200-201 Internet Goes to College project, 92-93 Introductory concepts. See Fundamental concepts; Overviews and summaries Introductory topic material searches, 163-164 Invisible Web, 89-102. See also Visible vs. Invisible Web resource paradigm shift perspectives Iterative literature search strategies, 162-163

Jasco, Peter, 61 -62,67,76,121-122 Jeanneney, Jean-Noel, 64 Journal aggregators, 72-74 JSTOR, 17-18,42,65,96-97,121-122

Keeping-up concept, 214-221. See also Current awareness blog paradigm shift perspectives customization-related issues, 220-221 Google Blog, 215

Google Blogoscoped, 219-220 On Gooule Scholar, 217-218 InsideGoogle, 217 Phil Bradley’s Blog, 220 ResearchBuzz, 218-219 resources for, 214-220 Search Engine Report, 218 SearchengineBlog, 219 strategy-related issues, 212-214 Topix Google News, 215-216 UBC Google Scholar Bug, 216 Kennedy, Shirl, 151,174 Keyhole satellite imaging, 196-197,201-202 Knowledge applications. 172 Krasulski, Michael J„ 211-223

Lackie, Robert J., 57-70 LaGuardia Community College, 89-101 Langdon, Steve, 201 Lasso, 38 Lennsen, Phillip, 219-220 Leveraging capacities, 103,113-114 LexisNexis, 96-97,121-122 LibQUAL+data, 125-128 Librarian role paradigm shift perspectives. 103-116 back door concept, 111 background perspectives of, 103-106 competition vs. collaboration, 109-113 customer-driven environments, 107-109 future perspectives of, 113-114 gateway roles, 105-106 hidden Web concept, 112-113 higher education- and academic library-specific issues, 104-105 leveraging capacities, 103,113-114 overviews and summaries of, 103-105 purpose-to-artifact shifts, 105-106 reference resources for, 115 role transformations, 106-109

Index stakeholder-driven environments, 107-109 University of Arizona and, 103-116 Librarian’s Index to the Internet, 96-99 Library-Google convergence concepts. See also under individual concepts fundamental concepts, 1-5 Google Print-specific concepts, ~ 5-28,57-88 digitization complement perspectives, 5-22 Oxford University (Bodleian Library ) participation perspectives, 23-28 performance test perspectives, 71-88 value-impact convergences, 57-70 Google Scholar-specific concepts, 57-70,117-158,167-176 information literacy tool evaluation perspectives, 167-176 licensed full text holdings access perspectives, 149-158 reference tool evaluation parameters, 135-148 search behavior-scholarly research convergences, 117-134 value-impact convergences, 57-70 Google Search Appliance-federated search convergences, 45-56 paradigm shift perspectives, 29-44. 89-116,159-166,177-223 brand image, 205-210 current awareness blogs, 211-223 electronic access, 37-44 information environments, 29-36 librarian roles, 103-116 literature searches-link-based page ranking convergences, 159-166 privacy-related perspectives, 195-204 publication optimization, 177-194 Visible vs. Invisible Web resources, 89-102

233 Library of Congress, 96-97,207 Library strengths vs. weaknesses, 35-36 Licensed full text holdings access perspectives, 149-158 background perspectives of, ^149-153 database aggregators, 151-153 Florida Gulf Coast University and, 149-157 future perspectives of, 156-157 link resolvers, 149-157 Open URL resolvers, 149-157 overviews and summaries of, 149-150 reference resources for, 157 search types and examples, 153-157 Link resolvers, 149-157 Literacy, information, 167-176. See also Information literacy tool e valuation perspectives Literature search strategies, iterative, 162-163 Literature searches-link-based page ranking convergences, 159-166 ACM Computing Classification System and, 161-162 background perspectives of, "159-162 bloes and, 162-163 filtering, 160-162 future perspectives of, 164-165 introductory topic material searches, 163-164 iterative literature search strategies, 162-163 overviews and summaries of, 159-160,164-165 precision and recall, 160-162 reference resources for, 165-166 specialist vocabularies, 160-162 topic popularity, 164 University of Wolverhampton and, 159-166

234

LIBRARIES AND GOOGLE®

wikis and, 162-163 word frequencies, 164 Long-tail effect, 16-19

Macgillivray, Alexander, 64-65 Making of America, 8-10 Maloney, Krisellen, 103-1 16 MARC formats, 1 I 1 Marx, Karl, 21 Mass digitization impacts, 7-8 Mass vs. niche digitization impacts, 5-7 Mellon Foundation, 24-25 Memory Hole, 200-201 Meta-searching, 174 Metadata optimization, 177,181-183 MetaFind, 174 MetaLib, 174 Middling approaches, 120-122 Miller, Todd, 93,125 Miller, William, 1-4,174 Million Book Project, 59 Milne, Ronald, 23-28 Multiple document formats, 189-190 MUSE, 63,138 Myhill, Martin, 174

Nasr, Raymond, 24-25 National Library of Medicine, 63.201 Nature Publishing Group, 76-77 Needs-related issues, 169-173 access, 170-171 contexts of, 172-173 ethical issues and, 172-173 identification of, 169-170 information evaluation and, 171-172 knowledge applications and, 172 learning objectives and, 172 societal issues and, 172-173 NELLCO (New England Law Library Consortium), 52 NetLibrary, 39,59

Netscape, 38 New England Library Consortium. See NELLCO (New England Law Library Consortium) New York Public Library, 7-10,59 New York University Medical Center, 63 Newsmax.com, 64-65 Newton. Isaac, 72 Newton, Nigel, 65 Niche vs. mass digitization impacts, 5-7 Northern Light, 62-63

Oberlin College, 121-122,128,137-138 Obsolescence-related issues, 37-38 Ockerbloom, John Mark, 59 OCLC, 38,59,62-63,74,92-93, 123-124,130-131.152-153 OCR text derivatives, 8-9 Ojala, Mary dee, 67 On Google Scholar, 217-218 Online Book Page, 59 Online lies concept, 174 Open-gesture approaches, 122-124 Open information grid concept,

201-202 Open URL resolvers, 149-157 Open WorldCat, 62-63,123-124,130-131 Openly Informatics, 62-63 OpenURL compliance, 131-132 Optimization of publications, 177-194. See also Publication optimization paradigm shift perspectives Overviews and summaries. See also under individual concepts fundamental concepts, 1-5 of Google Print-specific concepts, 5-7,23-24,57-59,71 -72 digitization complement perspectives, 5-7 Oxford University (Bodleian Library) participation perspectives, 23-24

Index performance test perspectives, 71-72 value-impactconvergences, 57-59 of Google Scholar-specific concepts, 57-59.117-119,135-137, 149-150,167-168 information literacy tool evaluation perspectives, 167-168 licensed full text holdings access

235 digitization complement perspectives, 7-10. See also Digitization complement perspectives digitization processes, 27-28 EBBO and, 24 ECCO and, 24 future perspectives of, 27-28 Hybrid Library concept, 24-25 overviews and summaries of, 23-24 Oxford Digital Library, 24 reference resources for, 28

perspectives, 149-150 reference tool evaluation parameters, 135-137 search behavior- sc ho 1 ar 1 y research convergences, 117-119 value-impact convergences, 57-59 of Google Search Appliance-federated search convergences, 45-46 of paradigm shift perspectives, 29-30, 37-38,89-90,103-105,159-160, 164-165,177-178,195-196, 205.211-212 brand image, 205 current awareness blogs, 211-212 electronic access, 37-38 information environments, 29-30 librarian roles, 103-105 literature searches-link-based page ranking convergences, 159-160,164-165 privacy-related, 195-196 publication optimization, 177-178 Visible vs. Invisible Web resources, 89-90 Oxford Digital Library, 24 Oxford University (Bodleian Library) participation perspectives, 23-28 background perspectives of, 23-28 copyright-related issues, 26-28

Page, Larry, 58,197 Paperless society concept, 37,41-42 Paradigm shift perspectives, 29-44, 89-116.159-166,177-223. See also under individual concepts brand image, 205-210 current awareness blogs, 211-223 electronic access, 37-44 information environments, 29-36 librarian roles, 103-116 literature searches-link-based page ranking convergences, 159-166 privacy-related perspectives, 195-204 publication optimization, 177-194 Visible vs. Invisible Web resources, 89-102 Partner library impacts, 7-10 Patriot Act, 201-202 Patron behavior-related issues, 29-36 Patterns, user, 91-93 Performance test perspectives, 71-88 background perspectives of, 72-77 College of Charleston and, 71-88 future perspectives of, 84-88 gatekeeper concept and, 75-76 impact-related issues, 84-88 journal aggregators and, 72-74 overviews and summaries of, 71-72 reference resources for, 88

LIBRARIES AND GOOGLE®

236

research-related issues, 77-84 traditional finding aids and, 73-74 Persistent URLs. See Purls (Persistent URLs) Peter’s Digital Reference Shelf, 66-67 Pew Internet & American Life Project, 92-93 Phil Bradley’s Blog, 220 Philadelphia University, 21 1-223 Phipps, Shelley E., 103-116 Piper, Paul S., 195-204 Polk Directory, 196 Popularity-related issues, 164 Precision and recall, 160-162 Price, Gary, 151,174,215-216 Privacy Center, 200-201 Privacy Foundation, 196-197 Privacy-related paradigm shift perspectives, 195-204 background perspectives of, 195-198 blogs, 200-201 consumer protection, 197 data-collection and data-mining, 199-201 future perspectives of, 201-202 Google Toolbar and, 197-198 government surveillance, 197 Internet Archive and, 200-201 Keyhole satellite imaging and, 196-197,201-202 Memory Hole and, 200-201 open information grid concept, 201-202 overviews and summaries of, 195-196 Patriot Act and, 201-202 Privacy Center and, 200-201 Privacy Foundation and. 196-197 privacy statements, 198-199 reference resources for, 202-203 spyware, 197-199 user data and, 197-201 Western Washington University and, 195-203

Professional roles, 103-1 15. See also Librarian role paradigm shift perspectives Project MUSE, 63,138 ProQuest, 99,137-138,151-152 Publication optimization paradigm shift perspectives, 177-194 background perspectives of, 177-183 future perspectives of, 192-193 indexing control issues, 186-190 back-of-book indexes, 188-189 chapter contents, 187-188 combined title and contents pages, 187 document texts, 186-187 examples, 186-190 guidelines and, 186 image wrapper contents, 188 indexing principles and, 190 multiple document formats, 189- 190 subject indexes, 189 tables of contents, 187 title pages, 187 metadata optimization, 177,181-18 overviews and summaries of, 177- 178 publishing processes and practices, 179-181 reference resources for, 193-194 republication processes and practices, 183-185 responsibility-related issues, 178- 179 search engine-related issues, 190- 192 University of Strathclyde and, 177-194 Publishing processes and practices, 179- 181 Purls (Persistent LIRLs), 47-51 Purpose-to-artifact shifts, 105-106

Index Quality-control-related issues, 40-43 Questia, 38-39

Ranganathan, S. R., 19 Reagan, Ronald, 38 Recall and precision, 160-162 Reference resources. See also under indi\’idual coticepts for Google Print-specific concepts, 22,28,69-70,88 dig it ization co m pie ni e nt perspectives, 22 Oxford University (Bodleian Library) participation perspectives, 28 performance test perspectives,

88 value-impact convergences, 69-70 for Google Scholar-specific concepts, 132-133,147-148, 157,176 information literacy tool evaluation perspectives, 176 licensed full text holdings access perspectives, 157 reference tool evaluation parameters, 147-148 search behavior-scho 1 arly re searc h c o n verge n ce s, 132-133 value-impact convergences, 69-70 for Gooele Search Appliance-federated search convergences, 54-55 for paradigm shift perspectives, 36, 44,100-101,115,165-166, 193-194,202-203,209,223 brand image, 209 current awareness blogs, 223 electronic access, 44 information environments, 36 librarian roles, 115

237 literature searches-link-based page ranking convergences, 165-166 privacy-related, 202-203 publication optimization, 193-194 Visible vs. Invisible Web resources, 100-101 Reference tool evaluation parameters, 135-148 background perspectives of, 135-138 context- and fit-related issues, 137-138 evaluation criteria, 138-146 arrangement, 138-140 authority, 140-141 comparability, 142-145 content, 141-142 creation and currency, 145 listings of, 138 usability, 145 future perspectives of, 146 overviews and summaries of, 135-137 reference resources for, 147-148 Vanderbilt University and, 135-148 Relevance-related issues, 124-125 RePEc/LogEc, 122 Repositories-in-perpetuity concept. See RIP (repositories-in-perpetuity) concept Repository role impacts, 19-20 Republication processes and practices, 183-185 Research Index, 122 Research-related issues, 77-84,97-100, 117-134. See also under individual con cep ts performance test perspectives, 77-84 search behavior-scholarly research convergences, 117-134 Visible v.v. Invisible Web resource paradigm shift perspectives, 97-100

238

LIBRARIES AND GOOGLE®

ResearchBuzz, 218-219 Resolvers, 149-157 ResourceShelf, 215-216 Response-related impacts, 5-22 Responsibility-related issues, 178-179 Retail book trade convergences, 15-19 Retail service-related impacts, 16-19. See also Business model impacts Revolution, information, 31 Rider University, 89-102 Right tool-right job concept, 128-130 RILM, 121-122 RIP (repositories-in-perpetuity) concept, 17-18 RLG (Research Libraries Group), 99-100 Roberts, Amanda, 167-176 Role transformations, 106-109 Roles of librarians, 103-115. See also Librarian role paradigm shift perspectives

Sandler, Mark, 5-22 Satellite imaging, 196-197,201-202 Scholarly research-search behavior convergences, 117-134. See also Search behavior-scholarly research convergences Schoogle. See Google Scholar-specific concepts SciFinder Scholar, 121-122 Scirus, 65-66,75-78 Search behavior-scholarly research convergences, 117-134 background perspectives of, ~ 117-120 challenge-response issues, 119-120 Emory University and, 117-134 expectation-related issues, 125-126 future perspectives of, 130-132 middling approaches, 120-122 open-gesture approaches, 122-124 overviews and summaries of, 117-119

reference resources for, 132-133 relevance-related issues, 124-125 right tool-right job concept, 128-130 training-related issues, 126-128 Search engine-related issues, 32-36.190-192. See also under individual concepts information environment paradigm shift perspectives, 32-36 publication optimization paradigm shift perspectives, 190-192 Search Engine Report, 218 Search types and examples, 153-157 SearchDay, 218 SearcheneineBloe. 219 Searcher behavior-related issues, 29-36 Service on demand, 34 SEX (Ex Libris), 62-63 Sherman, Chris, 59 Silicon Valley Comes of Oxford seminars, 24-25 Societal issues, 172-173 Soma, John, 200-201 Sonnderman, T. J., 217-218 Specialist vocabularies, 160-162 SpySweeper, 197-198 Spyware, 197-199 Stakeholder-driven environments, 107-109 Stanford University, 7-10 Statements, privacy, 198-199 Stewart, Martha, 77-80 Strategy-related issues, 212-214 Strouse, Roger, 97 Subject indexes, 189 Summary concepts. See Overviews and summaries Surface Web searching, 95-97 Surveillance, government, 197 Swartz, Aaron, 216-217

Tables of contents. 187 Taylor, Mary, 45-56 Tennant, Roy, 64-65,125

Index Tenopir, Carol, 67,75 Tests, performance, 71-88. See also Performance test perspectives Texas A&M University, 75 Thelwell, Mike, 159-166 Thompson, Christen. 92-93,98-99 Time-Warner, 205-206 Title and contents pages, combines, 187 Title pages, 187 Topic popularity, 164 Topix Google News, 215-216 Traditional finding aids, 73-74 Training-related issues, 126-128 Tra n s form at i o n o f rol e s, 106-109

UBC Google Scholar Bug, 216 University of Arizona, 103-116 University of Connecticut, 120-122, 128 University of Idaho, 205-210 University of Michigan, 5-22 University of Nevada (Las Vegas), 137-138 University of Nevada (Reno), 29-36, 45-56 University of Oregon, 123-124 University of Oxford. See Oxford University (Bodleian Library) participation perspectives University of Pennsylvania, 59 University of Strathclyde, 177-194 University of Texas (Austin), 98,122-123 University of Wolverhampton, 159-166 Usability criteria, 145 User-specific issues, 29-36,91-93, 197-201 behavior-related, 29-36 privacy-related, 197-201 user patterns, 91-93

Value-impact convergences, 57-70 background perspectives of, 57-63 future perspectives of, 68-69

239 of Google Print, 63-65 of Google Scholar, 61-63,65-68 overviews and summaries of, 57-59 reference resources for, 69-70 Rider University and, 89-102 Visible vs. Invisible Web resources, 95-97. See also Visible vs. Invisible Web resource paradigm shift perspectives Vanderbilt University, 135-148 Vaughn, Debbie, 71-88 V.C. Page Rank, 206 Venture capital issues, 206-208 Vine, Rita, 97 Visible vs. Invisible Web resource paradigm shift perspectives, 89-102 ' background perspectives of, 89-93 future perspectives of, 99-100 impact-related issues, 93-95 LaGuardia Community College and,89-101 overviews and summaries of, 89-90 reference resources for, 100-101 research-related issues, 97-100 user patterns, 91 -93 value-related issues, 95-97. See also Value-imp a ctconvergences Vocabularies, specialist, 160-162

WAG the Dog project, 131-132 Wal-Mart, 39-40,118-119 Warhohl, Andy, 77-80 Web of Science, 122 WebRoot, 197-198 Weinberg, Nathan, 217 Western Washington University, 195-203 Wikis, 162-163 Wilder, Stanley, 150 Winthrop University, 37-44 Wisenut, 38 Word frequencies, 164

240 WorldCat, 74 Wrapper contents, 188

LIBRARIES AND GOOGLE® Yahoo!, 32,38.74,1 19-120,126, 199-200,206 York, Maurice C., 1 17-134

Xanadu, 38-39 XLST style sheets, 49-50 XML, 49-54 XML feeds, 52-54

Zink, Steven D., 46

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Library and Information Science; Internet and Online Studies

Learn to give your library patrons better service—using Google®! “As the first book-length treatment of this topic, THIS FASCINATING COLLEC¬ TION OF DIVERSE PERSPECTIVES about the usefulness of Google and its po¬ tential menace to libraries and scholarly communication is A CALL TO ACTION FOR LIBRARIANS. We ignore Google, or rail against it, at our peril. Many of the contributions focus on specific Google products that have already had an impact on libraries—Google Print and Google Scholar. These fine, practical pieces for librarians and publishers are the heart of this collection.” — Kathleen Hoeth, MLS, University Librarian and Director of Library Services, Florida Gulf Coast University

“I RECOMMEND THIS TITLE to any librarian who expects to be practicing in the year 2010. Starting with the editor’s introduction, this book takes its cue from its subject and DELIVERS A WEALTH OF INFORMATION that is completely accessible to the general reader and not bogged down in jargon or technicalities. The issues dealt with in this book will help define the future of libraries in this century.” — Terry Ballard, MLS, MEd, Associate Professor and Automation Librarian, Quinnipiac University

“NO LIBRARY ADMINISTRATOR, SYSTEMS TECHNICIAN, ELECTRONIC RESOURCES LIBRARIAN, OR REFERENCE LIBRARIAN CAN AFFORD TO IGNORE THIS IMPORTANT WORK. Among the many questions thoroughly covered in this volume are: Can Google play friendly with libraries? Can a Google-library partnership be as positive as the Google-Amazon partnership? To what extent can Google mine the Invisible Web? Can libraries successfully rely on Google to link to licensed and aggregated full-text resources? Is Google a boon or a detractor to information literacy? And, is library partnership with Google a security or privacy risk?” — Christopher C. Brown, MLIS, MDiv, Reference Coordinator, Penrose Library, University of Denver

“HIGHLY INFORMATIVE AND ENTERTAINING.... A FASCINATING NOHOLDS-BARRED SNAPSHOT of what some feel is a turning point in the practice of librarianship. Like it or not, Google is the elephant in the room, and we need to figure out what that means and how it might affect our future.” — Candy Schwartz, PhD, Professor, Graduate School of Library & Information Science, Simmons College Google® is a Registered Service Mark of Google, Inc., Mountain View, California. Libraries and Google® is an independent publication offered by The Haworth Press, Inc., Binghamton, New York, and is not affiliated with, nor has it been authorized, sponsored, endorsed, licensed, or otherwise approved by, Google, Inc.

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