Leo the Physician. Epitome on the nature of man

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CORPVS MEDICORVM GRAECORVM EDIDERVNT

ACADEMIAE BEROLINENSIS HAVNIENSIS LIPSIENSIS

X4

LEONIS MEDICI DE NATVRA HOMINVM SYNOPSIS PRIMVM EDIDIT ET IN LINGVAM ANGLICAM VERTIT

ROBERT RENEHAN

BEROLINI IN AEDIBVS ACADEMIAE SCIENTIARVM MCMLXIX

LEO THE PHYSICIAN EPITOME ON THE NATURE OF MAN

EDITED FOR THE FIRST TIME AND TRANSLATED

BY

ROBERT RENEHAN

A KADEMIE -VERLAG • BERLIN 1969

Erschlenen im Akademle-Verlag:GmbH, 108 Berlin, Lelpzlger StraBe 3-4 Copyright 1969 by Akademle-Verlag GmbH Llzenznummer: 202 • 100/141/69 Herstellung: IV/2/14 VEB Wukdrnck, HS Grifenhainichen • 2983 Bestellnummer : 2028/13 • ES 7 M • 17 A

PARENTIBVS MEIS 0PETITHPIA

PRAEFATIO

I. De Leone conditore Synopsis De natura hominum Nulla prorsus de Leone medico est virorum doctorum consensio. Nemo certe praeter Photium nono saeculo illo eruditissimo aevi Byzantini ac florentissimo vixit qui illum Leonem philosophum fama. doctrinae praestaret. Vix autem in propatulo est utrum Leo noster idem sit qui Leo philosophus. Qua de aporia nuper disputavit B. Hemmerdinger in libello qui inscribitur Essai sur l'histoire du texte de Thucydide (Lutetiae, 1955). Quern virum doctum nunc audi sic disserentem: ,,En outre, dans sa seconde edition, Krumbacher, pris de scrupules, substitue quatre personnages differents (,Leon, Iatrosophist; Leon der Mathematiker; Leon Philosophos; Leon, Rhetor') au personnage unique de sa premiere edition: ,Leon der Philosoph'. Le fait que le philosophe, le medecin et l'astrologue sont bien un seul et meme personnage est prouve par les titres suivants: AeoVToS cp1Aoa6cpov 1 inscribitur. Haud aliter res se habet in Anthologia Palatina qua continentur Leonis dumtaxat novem epigrammata 5 ; nam titulus solus, qui ibi reperitur, AeoVTOS 11'oa6q,ov est. Nunc nobis sunt ponderandi tituli qui in libris manu scriptis, cuicuimodi sunt, extant: Ix61'1a AeoVTos q,11'oa~v els Tiiv wp1µa(av (cod. Laurentianus 28, 34); Tt1'os TOOV 61op.9oo.9tVToov wo Tov q>tAoa6cpov AtoVTos (cod. Vaticanus gr. 1); AeoVTOS q>tAoa6cpov irepl ~aa1Aelas Kai o:px6VToov (codd. Parisini gr. 2420, 2424); Afov-ros cp1Aoa6cpov Kal laTpov OVVO'f'IS iarptKi\S (cod. Parisinus Suppl. 446); AtoVTos laTpov OVVO'f'lS els TflV q>VO'IV TOOV av.Spooirc.:>v (cod. Scorial. . III. 7). Itaque, si excipias illa duo opuscula quae medicinam tractant, nusquam Leo iaTp6s nuncupatur. Neque vero in magno discrimine est 2 Praetereo fragmentum mpi ISu;>µCXTc.>11 &11.Spc:.:mc.>11 quod extat in codice Barberiniano III 363. 3 Cf. Georgium :Mona.chum (1838), pp. 805-806, 840; Genesium {1834), p. 98; Theophanem Continuatum (1838), pp. 185 sq.; Ps.-Symeona Magistrum (1838), p. 640, 681-82; Georgium Cedrenum (1839), II 165 sq.; Zonaram (1897), III 399 sq. {Hos omnes scriptores secundum editionem Bonnensem laudavi.) 4 Ep. 77 (Epistulae Photii, edidit Johannes Balettas, Londinii 1864, p. 403). 5 IX 200,201,202, 203 {?), 214,361,578, 579; XV 12.

Praefatio

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ponendum, quod in codice Parisino Suppl. 446 legitur J\foVToS cpti\oo-6cpov Kai krrpov, cum saepissime acciderit ut idem vir et philosophiae peritus esset et medicinae. Fieri quidem potuit ut Leo philosophus bane synopsin de arte medicina re vera scripserit et librarius Kai laTpov addiderit ideo quod in hoc opere res medicinales tractantur. Simili modo legitur in codice Laurentiano 28,4 eu-rvxolTJs J\fov yeCuµhpa et in codice Vaticano gr. 1594 TOV 6:a-rpovoµtKCuTa-rov J\foVToS Tl j31j3i\oS (neque vero non animadvertendum est apud Theophanem Continuatum, p. 197, de Tei> µa.9t)µaTtKci'> J\foVTt agi). Ergo apparet librarios secundum genus rerum tractatarum auctoribus epitheta nonnumquam indidisse. Sed etiamsi Leo philosophus libellum de re medicina scripsit, hoc haud pro documento est eundem etiam libellum de natura hominis scripsisse. Nihil igitur auxili e codicum titulis praesto est. Nee vero ratio aetatum investigationi nostrae suffragatur. Leo philosophus namque sub imperatoribus Theophilo (829-842), Michaele III (842-867), Basilio I (867-886), Leone VI (886-912) floruit. Leonia autem libellus de natura hominis ex excerptis, quae noster sane ab Meletii monachi opusculo de natura hominis 6 mutuatus est, maximam partem constat (cuius rei praebere documenta supersedeo, quippe quae et primo obtutu oculorum luce solis clarior sit). At cum veri simile sit Meletium nono saeculo vixisse 7, Leo medicus ante hoc tempus summarium suum probabiliter non condidit. Nihil autem est cur idem multo postea hoc opusculum exarare non potuerit. Omnibus rebus igitur perpensis omnia in dubio manent neque quicquam reliqui est quod certiores de vita scriptisque Leonia medici nos faciat: grammatici certant et adhuc sub iudice lis est.

II. De codice S et codieibus Meletii In unico codice Scorialensi . III. 7 ( = S) usque ad tempora nostra S pervenit Leonia commentariolum de natura hominis. Quo de codice haec ex catalogo qui ab Emmanuel Miller confectus est inscribiturque Catalogue des manuscrits grecs de la bibliotheque de l'Escurial (Lutetiae, 1848), p. 167 exscripsi: ,,.-111.-7. 223. In -4° en papier de coton, de t 94 feuillets et du XIVe siecle; manuscrit provenant de la bibliotheque de Hurtado de Mendoza. Les quatre premiers feuillets contiennent des 6 7

l\1igne, PG vol. LXIV, Lutetiae 1862, coll. 1075-1310. Fusius de hac re in editione Meletii quam nunc paro disputabo; qui fasciculus voluminibus seriei quae inscribitur Corpus Medicorum Graecorum adnumerabitur.

10

Praefatio

figures d'animaux tres-bien dessinees .. ."s Foliis 186v-194v continetur opusculum nostrum (animadvertas autem velim quasdam paginas in libro manu scripto nunc male collocatas esse; etenim folium 192v post folium 191 v locari debet, folium 193r vero post folium 192r). Manu facili quidem ad legend um exaratus est codex, vix autem nitida ; crebris compendiis usus est librarius pei:raroque adhibetur iota adscriptum vel subscriptum. Itacismis aliisque erroribus qui ad rem orthographicam attinent (at pro e, o pro oo, similia) scatet liber necnon falsi et accentus et spiritus hie illic occurrunt. Ubicumque rubricator litteras initiales omisit, supplevi. Quae menda referre in apparatu critico plerumque praetermisi, ne sine fructu praegrandis fieret apparatus meus. Ope tabellarum photographicarum, quae dicuntur, codicem transcripsi. Nunc de codicibus Meletii memoranda sunt pauca. In duas £ere familias discedunt Meletii libri manu scripti, quae familiae mihi audiunt a et 13. Familiae a igitur codices adhibiti sunt hi: B = Codex Thomae Roe 14 (Bibliothecae Bodleianae) chartaceus, saeculi quarti decimi exeuntis vel quinti decimi; lectiones hnius codicis ex editione Oxonii anno 1836 ab Joanne Cramero publici iuris facta accepi. M = Codex Marcianus Graecus 297, chartaceus, saeculi £ere quarti decimi (liber olim Cardinalis Bessarionis fuit) ; ipse contuli. Familiae 13 codices adhibiti sunt hi : C = Codex Thomae Roe 15 (Bibliothecae Bodleianae), chartaceus, saeculi quinti decimi; lectiones ex editione Crameri didici. L = Codex Laurentianus 86, 1, membranaceus, saeculi quinti decimi; ipse contuli. P = Codex Parisinus Graecus 2299, chartaceus, saeculi quinti decimi; lectiones ex volumine 64 seriei quae inscribitur Patrologia Graeca sumpsi (librum autem Lutetiae ipse inspexi atque partim contuli). Quod ad cognationem codicum attinet, S propius a familia a abest, ut ex his locis (exempli causa) patet, ubi S cum a facit : 17 ,13 l3poT6v a S: l3p0Tov 13; 18,17 Tfis . .. evapµ6o-rov irotoTT)TOS a S : Tfj .. . evapµ6o-rci> 1TOIOTT)TI 13; 36,22 1TOAVO')(T)µa1 a s: 1TOAVO')(T)µOI 13; 36,23 al 6e OTp6yyvAat a s: Kai al µev OTp6yyvAat 13; 40,23 µov6p1~01 a s: µov6pp1~01 13; 40,24 Tplpt~OI a s: Tplppl~OI 13; 40,25 TETp6:p1~01 a s: 'TE'Tpappl~OI l3 ; 44,6 O'VVTE'TaµeVT) a S: OVVTETaµµEVOV C p: O'VVTETay8

Femina doctissima Jutta Kollesch de recentiore catalogo ab G. de Andres condito, cui nomen est Catalogo de los codices Griegos de la Real Biblioteca del Escorial, Madriti 1965, me certiorem humaniter fecit. Quo in catalogo (vol. II pp. 56 sq.) de Andres codicem nostrum iam saeculi tertii decimi esse iudicat. (Ipse exemplar huius catalogi inspicere non potui.)

Praefatio

11

µevov L; 44,23 ante Koti\kxs add. Kai 13; 46,21 Tau-rats Se Tais a S: TCXU'ToS Se TCCS 13; 52,26 irpoaayopev6µeva a S: ,rpouayopev6µevov 13; 54,28 TT)V 6ucpvv a s: Tfjs oocpvoS 13; 56,15 µfoov oos a s: OOTOVV 13; 58,4 epVTpoef6fl a S: ei\vTpoelSfl 13. Paucis contra locis S et 13 adversus a consentiunt (ex. gr.): 20,2 AEVKT} 13 S: AEVKT}V a; 44,5 TO O'ooµa 13 S: TOV $oopaKa a ; 44,32 Tais 13 S: Tois a; 54,13sq. 61' aVToov peiv 13 S: Stappeiv a.

III. De ratione edendi In edendo hoc opusculo mihi propositum est non ut ipsa verba quae Meletius scripsisset in libellum Leonis per vim truderem - id quod textum correctiorem quam veriorem effecisset - sed potius ut ipsius verba Leonis, quantum potui, referrem. Etenim nempe fieri potuit ut in id apographum Meletii, quod Leo inter manus teneret, vitia hie illic iam irrepserint. Quapropter lectiones nonnumquam servavi quas Meletius vix exaravit sed quas Leonem in apographo suo legisse persuasum habeo. Praeterea Leo, ut talis erat qualis omnis germanus homo Byzantinus, fonte suo sic usus est ut singulos locos, quos depromeret, separatim et pacto quasi semper novo tractaret. Etenim nunc exemplar suum ad verbum describit, nunc partim ad verbum, partim latius exscribit, nunc tantummodo doctrinam, vix ipsa verba refert, nunc suo ipsius Marte nonnulla addit vel mutat, nunc fontem suum plane male intellegit (quas easdem res facere omnes solitus est etiam Meletius). Accedit quoque ut ei Byzantini, qui quaedam ex operibus aliorum excerpere coartareque solent, propter ipsam istam brevitatem quam adamant grammaticae regulas incuriose interdum turbent. Quam culpam etiam Leo ipse in se admisit. Omnibus de quibus rebus velim disputationem meam, quae inscribitur On the Text of Leo Medicus, A Study In Textual Criticism, perlegas.9 Denique pauca de orthographia dicenda sunt. Etenim quo modo vocabula y1yyi\1uµ6s (p. 22,9; 46,7) et KpVCTTai\i\oe16tis (p. 32,22, alibi) scribenda sint, admodum incertum est. Stephanus, Thes. Gr. Ling. s. v. ylyyi\vµos haec refert: ,,ylyyi\vµos . .. Ap. Arist. De anima 3, 10, p. 433b22 . . . var. lect. y1vyi\vµas, y1yi\vµas, y1yi\vaµas, y1yyi\1uµ6s. y1yyi\vuµo1 vitiosum ex Josephi A. Jud. 3, 5 affert Hemst." LSJ autem tantummodo scripturas ylyyi\vµoS (y1yyi\vµ6s Hsch.) et y1yyi\1uµ6s agnoscunt. Denique Trendelenburg ad Arist. De anima 433 b22 haec adnotat: ,,De scribe ndi ratione Sylburgius 9

Quae disputatio in Rheinisches Mus eum mox prodibit.

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Pra.efa.tio

ad h. I. p. 73 hoc adnotat: scriptum esse a se cum Basileensi y1yyA10-116s, quod apud Suidam quoque et Hesychium legeretur, reperiri etiam yiyyAVlloS et yiyAVlloS (proparoxytona 1) tum apud illos ipsos lexicographos, tum apud Hippocratem pro commissura cardinum in portis et artuum in corpore humano, ut brachii et cubiti." Ergo et yiyyAVlloS et y1yyA10-116s potiores scripturae esse videntur. Quid igitur praebent codices Meletii? yvyyAvo-11os habent B et P, o-vyyvo-11os (sic) M, yvyAvo-11os C, y1yyA10-11os L; in S legitur yvyA10-11os, quod in y1yyA10-11os, lectionem codicis L, titubanter mutavi. Quod ad 1S yav6µevov.

10-15) 1088 C-1089 A

16-29] 1089 B-1092 C

30-32) 1093 A/B

7 µw] µalw Mel. (cf. EM 574*. 308, 309-10, 315-16) 14 fort. a:6pvv.9eVTOS scribendum est ( cf. Hipp. VII 436, 9; 458, 5 Litt,~) 17 Tij ... evapµ6crr'I) 1ro16TTJTI ~ 21 µeaw S: correzi 26 Kai iroa6TTJTa addidi ( cf. Mel.) 28 cp.91vo1rwp'I)] µeTOlTWp'I) Mel.

Synopsis 1-4

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womb 1 Quadrupeds on the one hand are placed stretched out; man, however, has the nose between the knees and the eyes on both the knees and the ears outside them. And, it having been completed according to the determined time, first the head is stirred and toget)ier with the heavier parts of the body incline!j downwards in natural pregnancy. And after the umbilical cord has fulfilled its function the infant is nourished and breathes from the mouth. What is milk? Blood being made white by nature in the breasts of mothers. What is the derivation of mastoi (breasts)? It derives from masetoi, whence also masema (that on whichone chews). Whencemaia(midwife)? It comes from mo "I seek", since a midwife seeks the baby from women's wombs ..Whence brephos (baby)? From the fact that it needs phorbe, that is, nourishment. 2. The soul from the beginning is quite woven together with the body and conjointly with the body is increased in its activities, since it has the nutritive and the augmentative faculties innate in itself. And as the creature progresses and still grows, the grace of sensation blossoms forth. For because of its small size these sensations are not possible. But when, like a plant rather than a fruit, it has matured, the logical faculty begins because of the growth of the organs. 3. What is the derivation of stoieheion (element)? It derives from the fact that the elements line up (systoiehein) with one another and are adapted to the harmonious quality which results from all of them. And because they are not unmixed and pure, for this reason they are united to one another. For example, fire, which is hot and dry, is mixed because of its dryness with earth and because of the heat with air, and each of the other elements in the same way. And these are resolved into matters and forms, and by means of the others beget our kindred humors, blood, phlegm, yellow and black bile. For blood, being hot and wet, is analogous to air, and yellow bile to fire, and black bile to earth, and phlegm to water. And when these flow and increase it is necessary that bodies as well experience these things. And men, being altered, are changed according to quality and quantity and age. And the young have in abundance blood, which is like the spring, those in their prime yellow bile, which is like the summer, those past their prime black bile, which is like the autumn, and the old have in abundance phlegm, like to the winter. 4. What is appetition? A seeking of food and drink; and, according to another definition, a sucking and freezing of the appetitive parts and veins in the abdomen, occurring together with a joint perception on the part of the soul.

2•

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Leonie

5. "16tov To 1ToA1ova.Sat µovov Tov &:v.Spc.:mov, amp Kai To yeM:v. rr6.Sev rroAtcx; rrapa: To AEVK1') elvat· To 6HeVK6v, 1ro:A16v. ii 0T1 1ra:Aa10: Ev yiJpq; ylveTa1 Tfj &:o-.Sevelq; Tf\s El-lcpVTov .Sepµao-ias. 6. Tis Tl xpela iaTpov; TO ,rpoacpopov EKCXO'TOV e~evpeiv VOO'OIJVTu)V Kai vy1atv6VTu>V. s 7. "l61ov E~aipeTOV Ti;, &:v.Spoom~> TO l,.lETO: $6:vaTOV avlO'Taa.Saa Kai a.96:vmov elva1 610: T1')v TfiS 'l'VXfiS &$avaalav, a,a,rep 610: TTJV Tov 0'001,.laTOS &:o-$eve1av 1TOAV1Tcc.Se1a. 8. Ti EO'TlV Texvri; µe$o6as evepyovo-a Ti;, ~{~ TO cruµcpepov. Tl EO'TIV E1TIO'TTJl,.lf'I; KaTCCAfl'l)IS aacpaA11s Kai CXl,1ETCC1TTu>TOS V"TTOAfl'l)IS. to 9. 1l6aa1 6vv6:µe1s evepyovow EV Ti;, 111-lETEp~ o-ooµm1; Ka.96:Aov Tpeis, 'IJVXIKal, v, eyKEv ,rpcxyµctTu>v e~ rn1voias Twos &µv6pa: eAAaµ'l)ts. 616:voux eO'Tt voos olKEia Kivria1s, 61' av-rov evepyovo-a 1V. Aoy10-µ6s EO'Tl cpva1s e,r1vof1TtK1') Kai V Toov oVTu>v. vovs 20 AeyETal ,rapa: TO veeo-$a:t, 6 1TCXVTOTE lv Kai av.Spu>1Tivu>v ,rpcxyµctTu>v.

1-3] 1097 B/C 4 sq.] cf. 1100 A-C 6-8] 1101 C 9 sq.] cf. SVF, Ind. v. TfXVT\ et hncrTTJµT\ 11-14 6:aooµa-rov] 1101 C-1104 B 14 os-15] cf. Luc. Vit. Auct. cap. 18 15-21] 1104 B-D 23] 1105 D 23-25) 1109 A 26 sq.] 1109 A 27-31) 1109 B/C 31) 1112 A /J.

ye>.av 1Jec. Mel. 1Jcrip1Ji: ye>-ws S 2 AEVKTJV a 1 µ6vov 6:v3p,.:mov Mel. 16 ti seclu8i, non exhibet Mel. 18 ante 61' habet ti Mel. ante Kpivovcra habet Ta 1Tpayµa-ra Mel. 19 voos non habet Mel. post TT\PT\3tVTwv habent fi 61av01)3tVTwv fi Avvo1)3evTwv optimi codd. Mel. >.oy1crµ6s] vovs Mel. 22 Ti 24 Ti'js-6vvaµews] v1To l;wTtKfiS 6vvaµews q,.>.ovµtvwv seclu1Ji (cf. lin. 29sq.) 25 irvevµovos 1Jec. Mel . 8Cripsi: irvevµa-ros S 28 mpi q,vcr1K~ y1voµevT\ Mel. Tfiv Kap61av] mp1Kap6lov a: mpi Kajl6iav ~ (v. Philol.107,1963, p. 68 adn. 4)

Synopsis 5-11

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5. It is a characteristic only of man that the hair becomes grey, just as also laughter is peculiar to man. What is the derivation of 'j>Olia (grey hair)1 It is so called because it is white, and polion is a word for "whiteness" ; or else because the hair becomes old (palaia) in old age on account of the weakness of the innate heat. 6. What is the function of a physician? To find what is suitable for each sick and healthy person. 7. It is a special characteristic of man that he rises after death and is immortal on account of the immortality of the soul, just as he must suffer much on account of the ·weakness of the body. 8. What is an art? A methodical procedure enacting what is advantageous to life. What is scientific knowledge 1 A certain perception and an unchanging notion. 9. How many faculties are in act in our body1 Three in all, the psychic, natural and vital, and these three take their origin from three parts, the brain, the heart, and the liver. What is an activity1 The completion of a potency. What is the intellect1 The immaterial and incorporeal guiding part of the soul; it is the eye of the soul, activating every sensation and motion. What is imagination? An impression of the guiding part of the soul, through which there comes about, as a consequence of a sort of conception, an obscure illumination of unclear and unpremeditated matters. Thought is the proper motion of the intellect, acting and judging through it. Memory is the intellect's preservation of what has been observed or enacted or heard. Reasoning is a nature which understands and perfects all that exists. Intellect (nous) is so called from the verb nee8tkai (to go), because it is always in motion. 10. What is speech 1 That which produces a sound through hearing. What is pulsation? A motion of the vital faculty of the heart and arteries according to the expansion and contraction of the lung. 11. Whence do the natural faculties take their origin 1 From nowhere else than from the liver, since through its activity the whole body is nourished. What is anger1 A boiling of the pericardia! blood, set in motion through a desire of grieving in turn those who have ca used irritation. What is desire 1 The impulse of a living thing towards someone of the things loved by it. What is reasoning? An invisible motion and confusion of things. What is wisdom 1 A knowledge of

22

Leonia

ac.,q,poavv11 EO'Tlll hnKpa-reta TOO\I bn.9vs.uoov. Ti TO cnTOTEAEO'µa TfiS ti6ovi;s; xa:pcx Ka\ AV1t'T1. 12. MVTJSJTl ml cpa:VTO:O'{a: a:la.9{iaeoos Ka\ \IOT}O'E(a)S. aVCXµVflaiS EO'Tl µvt\µ11s E~tT{iAov yeVOSJEVfl(S) aV 0'1Taaµ4> TO ,ra:po: cpva1v Kai Kcrro: cpvaw. 16. T( EO'Tl\l rn(TTAOOV; mµeAw611s XlTOOV TTa:VTax6.9ev Tfj ya:aTpi TTEplKE(µevos xaplV TOV IJT\ 61a,rveia9a:1 TO eµcpVTO\I 9epµ6v, TO Kcrrepya:~6µevov EV mrrfj TCXS Tpocpas· Kai To Aey6µevov ,rep1T6va:1ov av-r4> Te 1 K61T(t> Tl TOV awµcrros e~1s aµl3MVETa:1. ,reµTToVTa1 yap &Tµoi EK Ti;s e'4'fiaeoos Ti;S Tpocpfis, 30 ETTEl6T} cpva1s EO'TlV &voo cpepea.9a1 TOVS µa sec. Mel. scripsi : 1TEp!Toµti (ut vid.) S 27 Ka.9apcc scripsi: Ka (ut vid.) S 30 aµ~AVVT)Tat Mel . 33 4'11)(I• Kwv] q>Vl71KWV Mel.

Synopsis U-18

23

divine and human things. Temperance is mastery of one's desires. What is the completion of pleasure1 Joy and grief. 12. Memory is an imagination of sensation and intellection. Recollection is a recovery of a memory which has become faded. Forgetfulness is the loss of memory. Habit is an acquired nature. 13. A skeleton is the entire structure of bones, and a skeleton is a dried-up place. The mode of articulation called gomphosia is an immovable articulation in accordance with a fastening together, as in the case of the teeth. A suture is a setting together as in the case of the bones of the head. The joint called the ginglismo8 is a joining together as in the case of the vertebrae of the spine and of the movable articulation of the forearm towards the upper arm. The natural structure is an articulated one. And Bymphy8i8 is a natural union of bones. And epi,phy8i8 is a union of one bone to another ; and a'J)Ophy8i8 is a part of the whole bone. 14. What is the derivation of hymen (membrane)1 It is so called because it is like a fine piece of woven material (hyphaBma), for example, the membrane which encompasses the brain. 15. What is respiration 1 An involuntary and natural motion occurring in voluntary parts of the body. The unnatural and natural modes of breathing differ in respect to the stopping of the breath and to convulsion. 16. What is the omentum 1 A fatty membrane lying round about the abdomen on all sides in order that the innate heat, which assimilates food in it, might not be scattered. And the so-called peritoneum is stretched around it and the entrails, binding them round and heating them. For this reason is the juice of the stomach white - because the stomach as well is white and whatever is received by it, it assimilates to itself. For the juice comes up to the liver through the mesaraic veins. 17. Whence Bkybalon (excrement )1 It is called after that which is thrown to dogs (kysi ballomenon). Perittoma (waste matter) is the excess (peritteuon) and useless part of nutriment. What and of what sort is the food of the brain 1 Or is it fine and pure, in order that it might not make turbid the organs of the soul, namely the brain, the spinal marrow and the nerves 1 18. What is the function of sleep1 In order that the condition of the body might not be dulled by intense toil. For, as a consequence of the digestion of food, vapors are transmitted, since it is the nature of vapors to rise upwards, whether they are useless or useful. What is the derivation of hypnos (sleep)1 From the fact that the wits or sensations sink (hy'J)OMstein). For sleep is a quiet state and a rest of the psychic

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Leonie

1TOOS yiVETat ti xacr1,11); EK 6taO"Tacreoos TOOV µvoov Kai TOOV vevpoov y(VETat [6e]- fi irvevµaTovµeva 6tlO"TaVTat oos a:aiTovpyo11 habet TO Mel. 33 a6pv11,;i 8Cripai: a116pv11e1 s

Synopsis 36-38

33

is the horn-like tunic next to the conjunctiva on the outside and the grape-like tunic next to the net-shaped tunic on the inside. And the function of the grape-shaped tunic is to hold the aperture of the pupil, through which the optic light passes out; and it also in another fashion makes a contribution by warming all round the crystalline humor. For this reason also it is naturally thick and spongy, in order that no part of the pupil may be damaged and in order that it may be capable of receiving more veins; but on the outside it is compact in order that it be not possible for the pneuma to be scattered. But also in regard to color it assuages injuries arising from excessive dispersions or condensations; and it disperses and condenses by that which is excessively black and white, being so composed; by means of the color blue it leads the eye to comfort and proportion. The horn-like tunic was made in order to bind and block off the orifice of the pupil, lest the humors pour out; the pneuma, because of the same clearness, is conveyed. to. the outside without hindrance. For this reason also the conjunctiva, encompassing the horn-like tunic leaves aside a certain circular portion of it. The horn-like tunic itself, which is actually white, is thickened in the white spots and is whitened; but it appears black - not on account of its own nature, but because the ·grape-shaped tunic is placed beneath it. For there are two white tunics, the horn-shaped one and the conjunctiva, and two black ones, the net-like tunic and the grape-shaped tunic. 37. There arethree humors; the :first one is the vitreous humor, which is placed along the middle of the optic passage, whence the scattered nerves constitute the retina which is spread out in color and composition in a manner similar to glass. The function of this is twofold; it is spread under the crystalline humor and nourishes it. Then there is the crystalline humor which has half of itself along it (sc. the vitreous humor) and half towards the ovoid humor which moistens it, since it is continually being dried by its activities. The ovoid humor is also a defence for it in order that it might not, by coming directly in contact with the outer air, be injured by it. This humor is fine and airy, just like the fine liquid of an egg, whence also the name. The crystalline humor is like ice and placed in the middle of the two humors and the four tunics; wherefore it is also the primary part of the optic faculty. 38. The optic pneuma in the eyes is carried down from the brain and accomplishes a twofold activity or function - to fill the eye and give it bulk and that, when it is ejected from the pupil, we may know

3

.Benehan

34

Leonia

ytvCOOKc.>µEV Ta TOOV ala.91)TOOV aooµaTa Kai xpotas. Kai ol µtKpaV E)(OVTES Tf\V K6p11v EK yeve-rijs tµevt opaaeoos O~c.>Tl'EO'TIXTT)S, OTl TO Tl'VEUµa laxvpoos E~aKO\ITl~ETO:l Sta TOV O'TEVOV TpT)µaToS Tfis K6p11s Kai ov6aµ&s XEiTat, omp eTri Tfis µeya:i\11s yiVETat K6p11s. 39. D.CXVKbs 6e ocp.9CXAµC)S ylveTO:l ft Sta TT}V 6i\ty6TT)TO: ft Sta TT}V s Ka.9ap6TT)TO: Tfis ooe16ovs vyp6TT)ToS ft Sta Tf\V vmpj3ai\i\ovaav Ka.9ap6TT)TO: TOV KpVO'TCXAOEt6ovs· Ta Se evaVTloos E)(OVTO: µei\a[t]va avT6V. TO Se Troi\v vyp6v, el Keel Ka.9ap6v eaTt, µei\a[1]va TOV 6cp.9CXAµ6v, ooamp eTri ).iµVT}s v66:Toov j3a.9eoov el Kal Ka.Sap&v OVTOOV TO j3a.9as a\JTOOV opav ov 6vvaµe.9a· ovs· el n.9oi\ooµevov OOO'a\JTc.>S, KO:V oi\{yov ij· iaoos OTl 10 yi\CXVK6s EO'TlV, el Keel Trp01TETT}S Kai e~exoov, 6 µETtxoov [Keel] Ka.9ap6TT)ToS" Ta Se TOVTOOV µfoa oi µfoot Tl'OlOVO'I. Tl'OAVq>c.>T6TaT6S EO'TIV 6 yi\CXVKOS Tov µei\avas. 40. El Se mpi 6cp.9CXAµ&v (Ta:) OVO'tc.>6&s VTl'VKOOS 15 K0:1 6 payoe1611s EXOVO'l q,i\ej3as, 6 6e KEpaToe1611s 6:q,i\ej36s EO'Tl Sta TT}V xpeiav a\JTOV, K0:1 OTl Ta elpT}µEVO: Tl'IXVTO: Sta TT}V TOV opyavov xpeiav yey6vo:O'l - Ta µev nyyet, TO: Se TpEq>Et, Ta Se mptE)(El, Ta Se O:O'q>CXAi~ETat, Ta Se Tf\V K6p11v q,vi\anet -, TTJV VTl'Epaoq,ov aoq,lav TOV .Seov O:~lOV aTJTOV eTrev~aa.90:1 TO q,vi\a~6v µe, 20 Kvp1e, oos K6p11v 6cp.9CXAµov. 41. Ivv{O'TaTO:l 6 6cp.9CXAµbs EK TEO'O"apc.:,v XlTOOVc.>V, vyp&v Se Tpt&v 6taq,ep6VTc.>V. 6q,.9ai\µos Se tTrapexe•t o:Tl'O TOV 6cp.9fjvat Trapexe1( v) &iraVTa. K6pT} Se olov x6p11, EK TOV 61· a\JTfis xeia.Sat TO OTl'TlKOV Trveiiµa· ~4' se Trapa To 6Tl'f}v exe1v· 6Tl'T) eC1T1v o TETp11 µevos T6Tros· (S)ep~•s se Tl 25 l3i\E4'lS, oos TO 6epKea.9at, olov TO j3i\m6µevov 6tepxeTat oos 6opKas. (TJ) Se 04'lS . 45. Ta Se µayovi\a Kai µfii\a i\fyoVTat· 60'To: Se ela-1 KvcpoetSfi Tois KpoT6:q,ots O'Vµ1TEq>VKOTa" TOIJT(l)\I 6e µ6pt6: elO't Kai {To:) TOO\/ 666VT(l)\I cpaTvia {,ri\f\11) TOO\/ TOµewv. µayovi\a 6e ,rapo: TO µai\os Kai TO ovi\011 ft Sta TO epv.9pov TOV µT}AOV. TCXVTa Kai O'tay6ves i\fyoVTat, OTl O'ElOVTal ,reptayoµevat.

3 µeyv aecluai 5 ,rpoKEio-.Sa1 S : aec. Mel. aupplevi 8 apx6µevo1 aec. Mel. acripai: tpx6µevo1 S Teo-o-apa S: aec. Mel. correxi 10 hepov S: aec. Mel. correxi Kai CXAov 61CXK01,1i~e1 Tov 4'6q,ov. 610: 6e TCXS TpCX)(eicxs q,oovcxs KO:i ftxovs tTOv EAlKOet6ovst EJ..oov VOTl~ETal µCXAAOV Kai i6pws EV a\/Tc;:, KaTo:ppei · Kai 4'01'\ Trapcx TO 4'a\/OO. 59. Al TrAEVpai at µev ela-1 µo:1AE'V xop11yei Tpocpriv T~ vevp~ Kal Tij apT11pic;x 15 Kai Tois /\011TOiS µop{o1s TOV aooµaTos· (11) Se apT,ipia µeTa6i6ooa1 Tfj cpAEJ3l Kai Tois aAA01s Sepµaaiav cpvo-1Kov Kai ~ooTtKov ,rvevµaTos · To 6e vevpov aia-S11cnv ,rapexe1 CXVTais TE Kai T~ ,raVTi aooµaTt. 63. "EO'Tt Se fl Kap6ia vevpoo611s Kal µvoo611s Kai cpAEJ300611s· E~ CXVTfjs Kai &pT,ipla1 Kai Svo KOtAia, KaT' &µcp6Tepa IJSPTJ av'Tfis, ev ats 20 yevvci:Tat TO eµcpVTOV $epµov· [CXVTi\S] Kai TO ~(.i)TIKOV ,rvevµa· E~ CXVTfjs Kai fl µeyVCJEc.)5) 50,18 j31os 20,9 j3A6:j311 pl. 32,8 j3AatCJ6S (ol) -ol 24,18 j3A6:1TTEI v pass. 32,26 !3M1Te1 v 16,10 - pass. To -6µevov 34,26 j3Aeq>cxpls pl. 34,30 j3Aecpcxpov 34,27 36,l - pl. (e~oxai) 36,1 j3AE\j/lS 34,26 j3AoCTvp6s (i'i.Sos) 38,32 !3011.Seiv 58,25 j3opa 16,lS !3ovj3wv pl. 54,26. 31 58,24 !3ovAeCJ .Scx1 44,26 !3pa6vv6T)TOS 38,26 j3paCTµW61')S (CTTevoxc.>pia) 24,6 j3paxlu)V 22,10 j3pcxxvs (xu)plov) 26,8 TO -v 18,13 j3peyµcx 26,27 42,23 (sc. oCJTa) 28,5 - pl. 28,4

!3peq,os 18,8 bis !3peq,ovpyeiv pass. 58,28 '3pexe1 Vpass. 56,8 j3poyxos 42,21 j3pOTOS 16,13 j3p6xos 42,23 j3pve1v 16,12 j3w gramm. EK TOV j3w, TO j3o:ivu) 56,2 y6:Aa 18,5 yap* 16,16 18,22 40,3. 6 54,6 Kal y. 48,4

lndioes yapyapewv 42,1 bis. 31. 33 44,2 yacn{i p 16,19. 22 22,18 5O,s. 6, 18 bis. 11 52,11. 15. 16. 19, 21 54,4 (AeVK{i) 22,22 (yvvat111) 18,1 (xvMs) 22,22 {6pe111 XOOVEIII •ETat 38,H y111wa1t1 vyp6>11) 42,22 616:y11wa1s (bapy{is) 36,13 61a.Sep11al vet 11 22,21 616:.Sea,s (lflvxiis) 24,3 61a1peiv 40,18 - pass. 26,3 50,1. 5 61aK011ll.;et 11 38,9 61a1a1s) 36,13 hap.Spos (tc:.>IITJ) 16,8 h6ua (v>.11s) 30,9 h6ei1130,8 h60.Se11 16,13 24,6 30,so 56,11 1!116011 16,13 58,27 SI/EKE II 60,1 hepyera 20,13 24,29 32,32 44,{1). 2 ( 6p1111 fV11) 36,12 - pl. 18,10 28,24 30,12 32,2, 40,7 (1iovxla Kai ,raii).a l!'\/)(IK(j)II) 22,33 hepyeiv 16,15 20,9. 11. 15. 18 44,7 - pass. 20,19 iv .9 e v I!. Kateei.Sev 40, 17 50,26 1 o 1 24,23 bis e1111ea 52,24 hovv pass. 18,18 30,18 EVTEAa gramm. 54,13 E11Tepoe16t'Js (sc. olaotayoS) 42,2, EIITEpov 24,19 54,21 (apxov) 54,30 - pl. 16,18 22,21 52,21 54,2. 12 (Ta~•s) 52,25 hTev.Sev 54,18 58,21 EIIT6S 36,3 54,13 EV(l).lve111 pass. 40,1 hnKpaTeta (hr1.Sv1,11G>11) 22,1 ETTIKTf\TOS (tvcns) 22,5 ETTIAf\l!'la 22,16 ETrll,lflKf\S 56,29 ETTIIIOEill 50,18 ETrl\lOf\TIK6S (tva,s) 20,20 l,rlvota 20,17 ETTITTAOOll 22,18 ETT11rw1,1aTll;e1 v 40,15 ElTl.9ev 28,13 50,29 eTepos 22,11. 12 26,1 bis. s bis. 23 28,29 36,10 50,28 54,9 56,17. 19 ht 18,12 ETOll.lOS adv. 28,30 48,13 evapµoaTOS (lrOIOTl)S) 18,17 eve1Sla 36,2, ev.9fis Kar' -es 36,11 EV .9vs (so. paq,fi) 26,22 lrr' -eia; 38,29 evKpaala (Tai11 61,1:>1oµep&>11) 2i,1 (xv1,1t>11) 24,15 E'VKpaTOS (so. 619:x\µ6;) 30,4 ev,ra.9etv 28,30 evira.91')s TO -es 48,12 evplaKe1v 4i,25 - pass. 40,25 elipv.91,105 (so. Keq,a\fi) 30,8 (6q,9aX1,16s) 30,s evq,pal IIEI II pa.es. 38,25 elixpT)aTOS (VAT)) 30,8 evw11v1,1os Ta -a 46,9 lq,ap116l;e111 18,16 lq,1')f3a1011 54,22 txelAT) gramm. 38,15 exei 11* 16,8. u 18,1. 11 2t,2a eq,T)a1s (Tp,pfis) 22,ao ews 58,12 z;ea,s (atµ:xw;) 20,28 z; ij v 24,20 ter. 22 40,5 l;T)TEill 18,7. 8 30,10 z;c;,011 16,7 2',21. 22. 30 50,18 (d:yo11011) 58,22 (Xoy1K611, .9111)To11, 11:>v Kai lmcn1')1,tf1S 6:KTIKJII) 16,6 (y~11.cr1s) 16,22 pl. 16,8 2i,2s 38,2 40,31 46,2 53,211 (TETpCl1T05a) 16,24 z;wovv pa.ss. 58,29 l;c.>TtK6s (6v11!1:.ms) 2(),12. 2, (rr11aiµ:x) 48,17. 21 (TOll:>S) 48,23

i\ *

16, 10 bis. 12. 13 20,2. 26

24,20

ft •. . i\ 58,u sq. post comp. 26,11 Tl~ a a KE 111 54,2&

36,5

fl~TI 48,31 52,21 54,20 (6cnci) 54,19 (xp611os) 54,19. 23 flYEl,IOVlKOS (To) -611 (q,vxijs) 20,u. 16 i\yov11 54,10 58,28 i\Sea.9a, 26,16 T)60111') 56,28 (airoTeXeaµa) 22,2 - pl. 24,3 11SVTflS 16,u 1j.9os (17TVq>OII KO:I f3Xoavpo11 Kai KCXTalt'AT)KTIK611) 38,32 (XPT1C1T011 Kai ,rpcio11 Kai av1ma.9es) 38,so TJAtKia 18,26 (irrjf1s) 38,20 T)l,IElS 18,21 24,19 TJl.lhepos 20,11 28,rn Tl 1,1 la vs (µepos) 32,23. 24 T)llla 28,20 (? of. 11111011) -pl.28,17. 18 bis fi11IKa 52,11 11111011 pl. 28,20 (? of. 111110:) fi11loxos 28,t6. 11. 20 i'i,rap 20,1s. 21 22,23 24,21 50,6. u. 23 s2,1. s. 6 (ireq,,s) 54,9 TIP 18,27 T)avxla {l11epye1c;;')11) 22,33 f\TOl 18,18 22,28. 32 34,29 40,17 50,1 l ft .. • i\To1 26,30 i'iTpo11 50,4 54,20. 21 bis flXOS 38,7. 8 42,8 - pl. 38,10 .9aXa1,1eve111 pass. 30,19 .9a>.a11T1 pl. (6q,.Sa>.1,1c;;')11) 30,18 .96:Xaµos 30,19 - pl. 30,20 .saxxu v 30,20 38,25 .sa>.,re111 30,19 .96:Xmµos (?) gramm. 30,19 .96:110:TOS 20,6 .9etos (irpayµara) 20,31 .9e6s 26,6 (aoq,la) 34,19 .9ep1,1al11u11 pass. 24,2 40,29 .9epµaa(a (,r11ev1,1aros) 48,11 (6:a.Se11e1a l1,1q>vTOv) 20,s .Sep116s (al11a) 18,23 (KaracrT6:ae1s) 26,1s (irup) 18,18 (a,rMrx11011) 50,25 To -611 2.2,19 24,26 44,15 48,21 50,19 54,2-l .9epµOTflS 18,19 .Sepos 18,28 .Seats 24,19 .9ewpaf gramm. 4!,16 .9ec.>pei11 pass. 30,6 .SrjXvs al -e,a, 38,3 To -v 26,2, Ta -ea 58,30 .SflpevTtis pl. c1x.svc.>11) 30,23 .9111JaKEIII 24,22

69

Indices .9V1\TOS ((4>ov) (16,6) .9o1.o0v pass. 34,10 .9pE1TTIKOS (Svvaµ,s) 18,u (µ6p1a) 44,6 .Spe1111s 50,12 .9 p If 26,12 - pl. 28,2 38,,. 19 54,20. 22 (mp\ -ro ~Mq,apov) 34,29 (6q,pveu11) 36,2 (-roii ~11(1) xeO.ovs) 38,18 .9vµtKOS 36,3 (ol) -of 38,29 .9vµ6s 20,28 (Sv11aµ1s) 48,2, .9vµ&>611s (&111\p) 40,2 .9vpa.9e11 36,19 .9vpo011 -ra -oiill'Ta 38,1s .9vpeup6s 46,29 .9wpaf 42,32 44,1s. u. 22 (11Evpw61\S, µvC:,611S, q,1.E~ws11s, apTIJp1wS11s) 44,18 (610:aews) 54,11 - pl. 54,2 (tKKplae1s) 54,6 lTETTEIV 48,9 lTElfltS (ai1,1aTos) 50,21 (fiiraTos) 54,o (mpfTTwµa) 54,10 - pl. 54,& ir11yvvva1 pass. 16,22 26,15 ,rfi ~IS (f1At1das) 38,20 1rfixvs 52,24 (61ap.Spwa1s) 22,10 pl. 52,24 1Tll,IEAW6T\S (XITWV) 22,18 52,25 54,3 ,r).ay,os TCX -a 56,17 lTACXTOS 26,5 46,27 lTAQTVS (atrocpvae1s) 56,18 (yAc:.>aaa) 40,9. 10 (KotAla) 52,13 (sc. 6a-ro0v) 56,19 (~ives) 36,23 - comp. (l3aa1s) 48,26 (axfi1,1a SC. l,IETWlTOV) 38,28 1rMy1,1a 48,• lTAEOva,etv 18,27 TO •OV 24,16 lTAEvpa pl. 44,20. 23 46,16. 17. 20. 24. 27. 30 54,16. 25 (1,1aKpaf, Kov6cd) 46,13 (v6.9o1) 46,14 54,14 ,r).fj.9os (1,1ox.S11p6v) 30,5 ,r).fiv 42,15 - c. gen. (36,28) lTAfj~tS (ciePOS) 44,1 ,r A1) P1l S t 42,25 ( cipTT)pia a1rep11a-ros) 58,18 lTAT)poOv 32,32 - pass. 16,15 18,2 lTAflalos adv. -ov c. gen. 54,1& 1TA1)TTEIV pass. 44,1. 3 48,13 1rve01,1a 32,6. 11 34,2 36,20 42,u. 23 56,21 ('WT1K6v) 48,21 (olTTtK6v) 32,31 34,24 (cpvatKOV Kal ,wTtK6v) 48,11 (1f1VX1K6v) 30,11 (Soxeiov) 48,7 (6AKTl) 24,9 (wo6ox11 Kerl cpvA.waaa) 40,9. 11 (T6troS) 42,27 (Tpfjµa) 34,3 56,11 TO -6v 42,26 UTEVOVV 48,27 aTEvoxoopeiv pass. 24,8 26,8 aTEpelv pass. 16,16 24,3 aTEpe6s To -6v 44,u aTepvov44,1s bis. 2a. s2 46,16. 18. 30 48,31 aTEcpav1aios (ec. pacpfi) 26,23 30,28 aTf\.9os 44,1s. 14 · aTfip1yµa 30,30 aTflpl,e1v 36,11 aTOl~TJ 28,27 aTOIXEiOV 18,16 aT6µa 16,20 18,• 38,15 40,6. 10 42,10. 29 50,10 (ec. yaaTp6s) 52,15 (K6p1)s) 32,11 ( ovpav6s) 38,8 aT6µaXOS 50,5. 9. 10. 13. 17 52,5. 15. 18. 26 aTpa~1aµ6s pl. 24,18 (e corr.) aTp6~1Aos 48,24 aTpoyyvAoet6fis (ovs) 38,6 aTpoyyv>.os (KEcpaM) 30,7 (pives) 36,23 aTvcp6s (~.Scs) 38,32 avyye vfis (xvµol) 18,21 avyKeia.Sa1 32,9 44,22 48,• avyKotrfi 54,21 avyKp1a1s pl. (6:11ETpo1) 32,8 avyxoopelv 32,6 avµ~alvetv 56,1 KaTa: avµ~E~flKoS 34,15

avµ~aAAEtv pass. 32,s avµ~o>.fi 46,7 - pl. 46,6 avµ~OAOV 38,28 avµµnpla 32,9 (6py6:voov) 24,u (xvµwv) 24,15 avµµnpos (KIVf1a1s) 36,u avµtra.Sfis (~.SCS) 38,so avµtras 22,12 U\/ll'll"fl ~IS 22,7 avµcpepetv TO -ov 20,9 avµcpve1v 36,27 40,u 44,21 - pass. 46,u 50,so 54,18 av11cpva1s 22,1 (f. 1.). 11 avµcpVTOS 18,11 av v c. dat. 16,2218,10. 1156,8 - c. acc. 18,s avv6:yetv pass. 52,13 avvala.Sf1a1s {ljlV)(tKTJ) 18,32 avvap.Spovv paes. 46,19 48,1. 3 (f. l.) avv6:p.Spooa1s 22,7 avvav>.1,ea.Sa1 40,2 avvaV~EIV 18,11 avv6eiv pass. 28,18 46,ao avv6e1trveiv 40,2 avv6eaµos pl. 46,• avv6n1K6s 28,26 44,19 avvepyeiv 40,18 avvepy6s (els TI) 50,21 avvepxea.Sa1 48,s (e corr.) avvn6s adv. 34,20 aVVEXEI V40,26 42,3 52,31 - pass. 46,4 avvexfis adv. 32,2• avv.Sea1s 22,8. 9 24,14 avv1aT6:va1 26,30 - pass. 34,20 avv66ovs 40,31 avvovala 56,6 avVTa~IS (ap.9pw6f1S, cpvalKTJ) 22,JO ( 6aTwv) 22,6 avvTelvuv pass. 44,6 aVVTt.9EVa1 44,26 avvTovos (~6:61a1s) 48,2 (e corr.) (K6tros) 22,29 ava'll"elpuv pass. 58,10 avaTaatS 32,21 avaT01xetv 18,1& avaTOATJ {trvevµovcs) 20,25 acpayiTtS (cpAe~es) 50,31 (e corr.) acpa1poe16fis (1pEVE I II 16,15 O'c.>iras; 16,8 Tl IO'Tl l;cj>o11; 16,7 TµflTlKOS (O'T6µa &11 :>.a1,1f36:11oµe11) 40,8 Tol11v11 30,8 58,11 T010VTOS 28,7. 15 30,29 44,27 TOµEVS 40,6 - pl. 36,28 40,22 T611os (l;wTIKoS) 48,28 T01TOS 22,7 26,c 34,25 42,27 54,15. 20 56,4 (O'TE116s) 42,21 (Ulfl1lAOTaToS awµaToS) 26,6 - pl. 56,1 TOO'OVTOS 16,22 TOTE 44,7 TOVTfO'Tl(II) 16,10 24,11 38,5 Tpaiiµa 42,5

77

TPO:XflAOS 44,29. 31 46,c (60'Tw6f1S) 46,2 TPCXXIS gramm. 46,10 Tpaxvs (apTflp{a) 40,15 42,18. 20. 25. 28. 31 48,5 52,111 (cpw11al) 38,10 TpaxVTflS 46,11 Tpeis 20,12 ter 26,4. 22 32,19 34,22 50,1 52,2t 54,6 bis Tpep 18,24 24,25 - pl. (Alµ\lfls f3a.9ea) 34,9 v :>. Tl (f116eovaa Kai EO)(pTJO'ToS) 30,8 (