Latin America: a guide to the historical literature 9780292700895

Table of contents :
Frontmatter
Foreword (page xxiii)
Introduction (page xxv)
Part I. Reference, Solena V. Bryant
A. Bibliographies (page 6)
B. Guides to Manuscripts (page 33)
C. Biographical Dictionaries (page 39)
D. Geographical Reference Works (page 41)
E. Statistical Publications (page 45)
F. Encyclopedias (page 47)
Part II. General, J. Benedict Warren
A. Latin America in General (page 50)
B. Regions (page 64)
C. Individual Countries (page 70)
Part III. Background
A. Archaeology, Robert Wauchope (page 100)
B. Ethnohistory, Howard F. Cline (page 117)
C. European and African Antecedents, Charles J. Bishko (page 148)
Part IV. Colonial Latin America
A. Discovery and Exploration, Charles E. Nowell (page 170)
B. The Spanish Empire, Woodrow Borah (page 188)
C. Mexico, Charles Gibson (page 207)
D. Central America, Murdo MacLeod (page 228)
E. The Caribbean (1492-1789), Richard M. Morse (page 237)
F. Spanish South America, John Lynch (page 264)
G. Brazil, Mathias C. Kiemen (page 296)
Part V. Independence
A. General, R. A. Humphreys (page 310)
B. Mexico and Central America, Lyle N. McAlister (page 318)
C. Spanish South America, David Bushnell (page 328)
D. Brazil (1808-1822), Dauril Alden (page 350)
E. The Caribbean, Graham Knox, Javier Malagón, Richard M. Morse (page 361)
Part VI. Latin America since Independence
A. Mexico, Stanley R. Ross (page 376)
B. Central America, William J. Griffith (page 403)
C. The Hispanic Caribbean and Haiti; Duvon C. Corbitt and Richard M. Morse (page 422)
D. The Non-Hispanic Caribbean, John Parry (page 441)
E. VenezuelaJohn V. Lombardi (page 451)
F. Colombia, Robert L. Gilmore (page 467)
G. Ecuador, Mark J. Van Aken (page 489)
H. Peru, Fredrick B. Pike (page 497)
I. Bolivia, Herbert S. Klein (page 513)
J. Chile, Robert N. Burr (page 525)
K. Argentina, Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries (page 540)
L. Argentina, 1828-1910, Joseph T. Criscenti (page 542)
M. Argentina, Twentieth Century, Samuel L. Baily (page 556)
N. Paraguay, Harris G. Warren (page 571)
O. Uruguay, Milton Vanger (page 579)
P. Brazil, Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries (page 596)
Q. Brazil, the Empire, Stanley J. Stein (page 597)
R. Brazil, the Republic, John D. Wirth (page 607)
Part VII. International Relations since 1830
A. Inter-Hispanic American Relations, Robert N. Burr (page 619)
B. Relations with the United States, Europe, and Asia, Charles C. Griffin (page 631)
C. Multilateral Inter-American Relations and Organizations, Bryce Wood (page 638)
Periodicals Cited (page 651)
Key to Periodicals (page 655)
Author Index (page 661)

Citation preview

Latin America A Guide tothe Historical Literature

Publication Number Four Conference on Latin American History

A Guide to the Historical Literature e

ee]e

OME OME OME NTS Charles C. Griffin, Editor J. Benedict Warren, Assistant Editor

Published for the Conference on Latin American History by the University of Texas Press, Austin and London

Conference on Latin American History Publications. This series is

issued under an arrangement between the Conference on Latin American History, Inc., and the University of Texas Press. It includes works approved by the Publications Committee of the Conference and the Faculty Board of the Press. Publication funds are furnished by the Conference from a Ford Foundation grant.

International Standard Book Number 0-292-70089-X Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 71—-165916 © 1971 by the Conference on Latin American History All Rights Reserved Manufactured in the United States of America

TO

HOWARD FRANCIS CLINE, 1915-1971, without whose initiative this book would not have been planned, without whose efforts it would not have been

financed, and without whose continued encouragement and assistance its publication would not have been possible.

Editorial Advisory Board

Charles C. Griffin, Chairman Woodrow W. Borah Howard F. Cline Charles Gibson Lewis Hanke Mathias C. Kiemen, O.F.M. Irving A. Leonard Lyle N. McAlister Stanley J. Stein

CONTRIBUTORS Dauril Alden, University of Washington Samuel L. Baily, Rutgers University Charles J. Bishko, University of Virginia Woodrow W. Borah, University of California, Berkeley Solena V. Bryant, Queens College, City University, New York Robert N. Burr, University of California, Los Angeles David Bushnell, University of Florida Howard F. Cline, Hispanic Foundation, Library of Congress Duvon C. Corbitt, Asbury College Joseph T. Criscenti, Boston College Charles Gibson, University of Michigan Robert L. Gilmore, Kansas State University Charles C. Griffin, Vassar College William J. Griffith, Tulane University R. A. Humphreys, University College, London Mathias C. Kiemen, Academy of Franciscan History Herbert S. Klein, Columbia University A.J. Graham Knox, University of Calgary Irving A. Leonard, University of Michigan John V. Lombardi, Indiana University, Jeffersonville John Lynch, University College, London Lyle N. McAlister, University of Florida Murdo MacLeod, University of Pittsburgh Javier Malagon, Pan American Union Richard M. Morse, Yale University Charles E. Nowell, University of Illinois John Parry, Harvard University Fredrick B. Pike, University of Notre Dame Stanley R. Ross, University of Texas at Austin Stanley J. Stein, Princeton University Mark J. Van Aken, California State College, Hayward Milton I. Vanger, Brandeis University Harris G. Warren, Miami University J. Benedict Warren, University of Maryland Robert Wauchope, Tulane University John D. Wirth, Stanford University Bryce Wood, Social Science Research Council

KEY TO CONTRIBUTORS

BW _ Bryce Wood JVL John V. Lombardi CB ~~ Charles Bishko JW John Wirth CCG Charles C. Griffin LM _— Lyle McAlister CG Charles Gibson MK Mathias Kiemen CN Charles Nowell MM Murdo MacLeod

DA Dauril Alden MV Milton Vanger

DB David Bushnell MVA Mark Van Aken DC Duvon Corbitt RB ~~ Robert Burr

FP Fredrick Pike RG _~ Robert Gilmore

GK Graham Knox RH ~~ Robert Humphreys HFC Howard F. Cline RM _ Richard Morse HK _ Herbert Klein RW __ Robert Wauchope HW ~ Harris Warren SB Samuel Baily

IL Irving Leonard SR Stanley Ross

JBW J. Benedict Warren SS Stanley Stein

JC Joseph Criscenti SVB Solena V. Bryant JL John Lynch WB Woodrow Borah JM = Javier Malagon WG William Griffith JP John Parry

CONTENTS

Foreword. ........... . . XXili 1. General, p. 50

Introduction. ............ #4XXV 2. Historiography, p. 52

Part I. Reference, Solena V. Bryant a Reon 3 Sh p95 A. Bibliographies ........... 6 5. Labor, p. 57 1. General, p. 6 6. Society and Culture, p. 57 2. Caribbean, p. 15 7. Religion and Church, p. 59 a. General, p. /5 8. Art and Music, p. 60 b. Non-Hispanic, p. /6 9. Thought, p. 6/

3. Individual Countries, p. /7 10. Literature (Irving A. Leonard), p. 61

a. Argentina, p. 17 a. General Works, p. 6/ b. Bolivia, p. 18 b. Colonial Period, p. 63 c. Brazil, p. /8 c. Since Independence, p. 63

d. Chile, p. 2/ B. Regions .............. 64 e. Colombia, p. 22 1. Central America, p. 64

f. Costa Rica, p. 23 2. Caribbean, p. 65

g. Cuba, p. 23 a. General (Including Islands and h. Dominican Republic, p. 24 Coasts), p. 65

1. Ecuador, p. 24 b. Non-Hispanic Caribbean, p. 66

j. Guatemala, p. 25 i. British West Indies, p. 66

k. Haiti, p. 25 ii. Danish West Indies (Virgin

l. Honduras, p. 25 Islands), p. 68 m. Mexico, p. 26 iii. Dutch West Indies, p. 69

n. Panama, p. 27 iv. French West Indies, p. 69

o. Paraguay, p. 27 3. Other Works on Several Countries,

p. Peru, p. 28 p. 69 q. Puerto Rico, p. 28 C. Individual Countries. . ....... 70

r. Uruguay, p. 29 1. Argentina, p. 70 s. Venezuela, p. 29 2. Bolivia, p. 72 4. Specialized, p. 29 3. Brazil, p. 73

B. Guides to Manuscripts. ...... . 33 4. Chile, p. 79

C. Biographical Dictionaries. . .... . 39 5. Colombia, p. 80 D. Geographical Reference Works. ... 41 6. Costa Rica, p. 8/

|. Atlases, p. 41 7. Cuba, p. 8!

2. Gazetteers, p. 42 8. Dominican Republic, p. 84

3. Guidebooks, p. 43 9. Ecuador, p. 85

E. Statistical Publications. . . ..... 45 10. El Salvador, p. 86

F. Encyclopedias ........... 47 11. Guatemala, p. 86 12. Haiti, p. 87

Part II. General, J. Benedict Warren 13. Honduras, p. 88 A. Latin Americain General. ...... 50 14, Mexico, p. 88 XI

XIV CONTENTS 15. Nicaragua, p. 93 ii. Studies, p. /34

16. Panama, p. 93 h. Central America, p. /35

17. Paraguay, p. 93 1. Bibliographies and Sources. 18. Peru, p. 94 p. 135 19. Puerto Rico, p. 95 il. Studies, p. /35

20. Uruguay, p. 96 4. South America (Except Inca

21. Venezuela, p. 97 Empire), p. /36 a. General, p. /36 Part II. Background i. Bibliographies and Sources,

A. Archaeology, Robert Wauchope . . . 100 Pp. 136

1. Bibliographies and Guides, p. /02 il. Studies and Syntheses, p. /36

2. General, p. 102 b. Circum-Caribbean Areas, p. /36

3. Middle America, p. /05 1. Bibliographies and Sources,

4. South America and the _ Pp. 136 West Indies, p. / 1 / i. Studies, p. 137

B. Ethnohistory, Howard F.Cline . . . 117 c. Chile, p. 138

1. General, p. 120 d. La Plata, p. /38

a. Theory and Method, p. /20 1. Sources, p. 138 b. Bibliographies and Guides, p. /2/ ll. Studies, p. 139 c. General and Comparative e. Brazil, p. 139 Materials, p. /22 5. Inca Empire and Peru, p. /40 i. Sources, p. 122 a. General, p. 140 i. Modern Studies, p. /22 i. Methodology and Aids to

d. Selected Topics, p. /23 Scholarship, p. /40

i. Native Literature, p. 123 11. Summaries and Syntheses,

ii. Historical Demography, p. 14] p. 123 b. Sources, p. /42 2. Caribbean, p. 124 1. Chroniclers and Historians, 3. Middle America, p. /24 p. 142 a. General, p. /24 i. Documents and Texts, p. /44 i. Bibliographies and Guides, c. Critical Studies, p. 145

p. 124 d. Selected Topics, p. 1/46

i. Reference Works, p. /24 e. Colonial Peru, p. /46

ili. Syntheses and General 1, General, p. 146 Works, p. 125 il. Selected Topics, p. /47 b. Sources in the Native i. Tupac Amaru Revolt, p. /48 Traditions, p. /25 C. European and African Antecedents,

1. Methods, Studies, Catalogs, CharlesJ. Bishko . ....... . ) 148

p.125 1. Bibliographies and Guides, p. /50

it. Pictorial Documents, p. /27 2. General, p. /5/

iii. Prose and Prose/Pictorial, 3. Histories of Spain and Portugal, p. /5/

p. 128 4. Historiography, p. /53

c. Sources in the European 5. Social Anthropology and Geography,

Tradition, p. /30 p. 153

d. Topical Studies, p. /3/ 6. Institutions: Political, Legal,

e. Maya Area, p. /32 Military, p. /54

i. Bibliographies and Sources, 7. Political Thought, p. /56

p. 132 8. Cities, p. 156

ii. Studies and Syntheses, 9. Seigneurial-Regalist Conflict, p. /57

p. 132 10. Economy, General, p. 1/57

f. Central Mexico, p. /33 11. Land, Agriculture and Stock

. g. Other Regions of Mexico, p. /34 Raising, p. /58

1. Bibliographies and Sources, 12. Industry and Mining, p. /59

p. 134 13. Commerce, p. /60

CONTENTS XV 14. Society, p. /6/ 3. Discovery and Conquest, p. 2/2 15. Culture, p. 162 4. Administration, p. 214

16. Church History, p. /63 5. Economy, p. 2/5 17. Religious Orders, p. 164 6. Society, p. 2/8 18. Religious Thought, p. /65 7. Religion, p. 220

19. Reconquest: Colonization, p. 165 8. Culture, p. 222 20. The Church and the Reconquest, 9. Northern Expansion and Border-

p. 166 lands, p. 224

21. North Africa, p. /67 D. Central America, Murdo MacLeod. . 228 22. Tropical Africa, p. /67 1. Bibliographies and Guides, p. 229

23. Atlantic Islands, p. /68 2: General, p. 229

3. Collections of Documents, p. 230

Part IV. Colonial Latin America 4. Other Sources, p. 231 A. Discovery and Exploration, 5. Biographies, p. 233

Charles E. Nowell . . . . . . . . . 170 6. The Conquest and Military Defense,

1. Bibliographies, p. 172 p. 233 2. General, p. 172 7. Institutions, p. 234 a. Sources, p. 172 8. Economy, p. 235

b. Modern Studies, p. /72 9. Culture, p. 235

3. The Idea of Discovery, p. 174 10. Miscellaneous, p. 236 4. Pre-Columbian Voyages, p. 175 E. The Caribbean (1492-1789),

5. Columbus, p. /76 RichardM. Morse ...... . 237 a. Biographies, p. /76 1. General, p. 239

b. The Columbian Question, p. 177 a. Sources, p. 239 6. Exploration of the Atlantic Coast, b. Secondary Works, p. 24/

p. 180 2. Spanish Caribbean, p. 244

7. Vespucci, p. 1/8] a. General, p. 244 a. Biographies, p. /8/ b. Cuba, p. 244 8. Discovery of Brazil, p. 1/84 p. 244

b. The Vespucci Question, p. 182 i. Bibliographies and Guides,

9. Magellan, p. /85 il. Sources, p. 245

10. Exploration of the South Atlantic, iii. Secondary Works, p. 246

p. 185 c. Santo Domingo, p. 248

p. 186 p. 248

11. Exploration of the Pacific Coast, i. Bibliographies and Guides, B. The Spanish Empire, Woodrow Borah. 188 li. Sources, p. 248

1. Bibliographies and Guides, p. 189 ii. Secondary Works, p. 249

2. General, p. /9/ d. Puerto Rico, p. 25/

3. Documentary Sources, p. /9/ i. Bibliographies and Guides,

4. Description and Travel, p. 193 p.251 5. Other Sources, p. /93 il. Sources, p. 25/ 6. Biographies, p. /94 ili. Secondary Works, p. 252 7. Political Theory and Law, p. /94 e. Jamaica and Trinidad under

8. Political Institutions, p. /96 Spanish Rule, p. 253

9. Imperial Rivalries, p. /98 3. French Caribbean, p. 253

10. Economy, p. 1/99 a. General, p. 253 11. Society, p. 20] i. Bibliographies and Guides,

12. Culture, The Church, p.ii.202 p. 253 13. p. 204 Sources, p. 254 14. Indians and Indian Policy, p. 205 ii. Secondary Works, p. 254 15. Slavery, p. 206 b. Saint Domingue, p. 255

C. Mexico, Charles Gibson . . . . . . 207 1. Sources, p. 255

1. Bibliographies and Guides, p. 208 li. Secondary Works, p. 256

2. General, p. 209 c. French Lesser Antilles, p. 258

XVI CONTENTS 1. Sources, p. 258 f. Society, p. 282

11. Secondary Works, p. 258 g. Culture, p. 282

4. British Caribbean, p. 258

a. General, p. 258 5. Chile, p. 283 i. Sources, p. 258 a. Guides, p. 283 ii. Secondary Works, p. 259 b. General, p. 283

b.i.Jamaica, p. 260 |. Sources, p. 283 Sources, p. 260 11. Secondary Works, p. 283

a , i. Sources, p. 284

ii. Secondary Works, p. 260 c. Conquest and Colonization, p. 284 c. British Lesser Antilles, p. 261 ii. Secondary Works, p. 284 5. Netherlands, Danish, and Swedish d. Law and Government, p. 284

Antilles, D. 262 . . e. Economy, p. 284 a. Bibliographies and Guides, p. 262 f. Society, p. 2 285 ; ,p. b. Sources, p. 262 g. Religion, p. 285

c. Secondary Works, p. 262 h. Education, Literature, the Arts,

6.British Mainland Colonies: Guianas p. 286 Honduras, p.and 263 -

a. Sources, p. 263 6. Rio de la Plata, p. 286

b. Secondary Works, p. 263 a. General, p. 286

F. Spanish South America,/ohn Lynch . 264 i. Sources, p. 286 1. Bibliographies and Guides, p. 266 ii. Secondary Works, p. 287

2. General, p. 267 b. Conquest and Colonization, p. 287

a. Sources, p. 267 1. Sources, p. 287

b. Secondary Works, p. 268 ll. Secondary Works, p. 287

3. New Granada and Venezuela, p. 269 c. Law and Government, p. 288

a. General Sources, p. 269 i. Sources, p. 288

b. Conquest and Colonization, p. 269 ll. Secondary Works, p. 289

i. Sources, p. 269 d. Economy, p. 290

il. Secondary Works, p. 270 i. Sources, p. 290

c. Law and Government, p. 270 11. Secondary Works, p. 290

i. Sources, p. 270 e. Society and Religion, p. 29/

ii. Secondary Works, p. 27/ f. The Guarani Missions, p. 292

d. Economy, p. 27/ i. Sources, p. 292

i. Sources, p. 27/ i. Secondary Works, p. 292

il. Secondary Works, p. 272 g. Education, Literature, the Arts,

e. Society, p. 273 p. 293

1. Religion, p. 273 7. Antecedents of Independence, p. 294 4. Quito, Peru, Upper Peru, p. 274 a. Sources, p. 294 5 a. General, p. 274 b. Secondary Works, p. 294 i. Sources, p. 274 G. Brazil, MathiasC. Kiemen ... . . 296 g. Culture, p. 274

ii. Secondary Works, p. 275 1. Bibliographies and Guides, p. 297 b. Conquest and Colonization, p. 275 2. General, p. 297

i. Sources, p. 275 3. Sources, p. 298

ii. Secondary Works, p. 276 4. Law and Government, p. 300 c. Law and Government, p. 277 5. International Relations, p. 30/

i. Sources, p. 277 6. Economy, p. 30/ d. Economy, p. 279 8. Religion, p. 303 i. Sources, p. 279 9. Education, p. 304 it. Secondary Works, p. 280 10. Art and Literature, p. 304 e. Religion, p. 28/ 11. Biographies, p. 304 ii. Secondary Works, p. 278 7. Society, p. 301

1. Sources, p. 281 12. Discovery and Colonization, ii. Secondary Works, p. 28/ 1500-1580, p. 306

CONTENTS XVII 13. Colonization of the North, 1590-1660, a. Sources, p. 338

p. 307 b. Secondary Works, p. 339

p. 308 a. Sources, p. 342

14. Expansion, South and West to 1750, 7. Peru and Bolivia, p. 342

15. Enlightenment and the Background b. Secondary Works, p. 343 of Independence, 1 750—1808, p. 309 8. Chile, p. 344

a. Sources, p. 344

Part V. Independence b. Secondary Works, p. 345

A. General, R.A. Humphreys .... . 310 9. Rio de la Plata, p. 346

1. Guides, p. 3/1 a. Sources, p. 346

2. Historiography, p. 3/2 b. Secondary Works, p. 347 3. General, p. 312 D. Brazil (1808-1822), Dauril Alden. . . 350 4. Documentary Sources, p. 3/3 1. General, p. 35/

5. Other Sources, p. 315 2. Documentary Sources, p. 352 6. Latin American Relations with Europe 3. Description and Travel, p. 353 and the United States, p. 3/5 4. Periodicals, p. 355

a. General, p. 3/5 5. Other Sources, p. 356 b. Mexico, p. 317 6. Biographies, p. 358

c. Colombia, p. 317 7. Politics and Diplomacy, p. 359 e. Rio de la Plata, p. 3/7 9. Culture, p. 360 I. Chile, p. 318 E. The Caribbean, Graham Knox, Javier B. Mexico and Central America, Malagon, RichardM. Morse... . 361

d. Brazil, p. 317 8. Economy, p. 359

Lyle N. McAlister... . . 2... 318 1. Cuba (Graham Knox), p. 364

I. Bibliographies and Guides, p. 320 2Q. Spanish-Cuban Relations;

a. Mexico, p. 320 Independence Movements, p. 364

b. Central America, p. 320 2. Santo Domingo (Javier Malagon),

2. General Works, p. 320 p. 366

3. Documentary Collections, p. 32/ a. Sources, p. 366

a. Mexico, p. 321 b. Secondary Works, p. 366

b. Central America, p. 323 3. Puerto Rico (Graham Knox), p. 367 4. Contemporary Histories and Memoirs, a. General, p. 367

p.a.323 b. Reform and Independence Mexico, p. 323 Movements, p. 367

b. Central America, p. 324 4. Haiti (Richard M. Morse), p. 368 5. Description and Travel, p. 324 a. Bibliographies and Guides, p. 368 6. Contemporary Periodicals, p. 325 b. General, p. 368 7. Special Studies and Biographies, p. 326 c. Documents, p. 369

a. Mexico, p. 326 d. Memoirs and Contemporary b. Central America, p. 327 Accounts, p. 370 C. Spanish South America, e. Biographies, p. 37/ David Bushnell . . . . . 2... . . «328 f. Monographs, p. 37/ |. Bibliographies, Guides, Reference 5. The British West Indies

Works, p. 330 (Graham Knox), p. 371 2. General, p. 331 a. General, p. 372

a. Sources, p. 331 b. Slavery, the Slave Trade, i. Documents, p. 331 Emancipation, p. 372 il. Memoirs, p. 332 1. Documents, p. 372 lit. Description and Travel, p. 333 ii. Contemporary Accounts, b. Secondary Works, p. 333 Slavery, p. 372

3. Economy, p. 335 ii. Contemporary Accounts, 4. Religion, p. 336 Emancipation, p. 373 5. Culture, p. 337 iv. Secondary Works, Slavery 6. Gran Colombia, p. 338 and Emancipation, p. 374

XVI CONTENTS c. Insurrections, p. 375 h. 1870-, p. 4/2

d. Society and Culture, p. 375 3. Guatemala, p. 4/2

6. The Netherlands and Danish West a. Bibliographies and Guides, p. 4/2

Indies (Graham Knox), p. 375 b. General, p. 412 a. Revolutionary Currents and the c. Government and Politics, p. 4/2 Slavery Question, p. 375 d. Economy, p. 4/2

Part VI. Latin America since Independence * pe ry ea wre ep. 413

A. Mexico, Stanley Ross. . ..... . 376 g. 1842-1871, p. 4/4 1. Bibliographies and Guides, p. 378 h. 1871-1944, p. 414 2. General, p. 379 1. 1944-, p. 414 3. Regional, p. 380 4, Honduras, p. 4/5

4. Documents, p. 380 a. General, p. 415

5. Government and Politics, p. 38/ b. 1821-1870, p. 416

6. Foreign Relations, p. 38/ c. 1870-, p. 416 7. Economy, p. 382 5. Nicaragua, p. 4/6 8. Education, p. 383 a. Bibliographies and Guides, p. 4/6 9. Political and Social Thought, p. 383 b. General, p. 416

10. Literature, Music, Art, p. 384 c. Government and Politics, p. 4/7 11. Independence to Revolution, p. 385 d. Foreign Relations, p. 4/7

a. General, p. 385 e. Economy and Culture, p. 4/7 b. Documents, p. 386 f. 1840-1871, p. 417 c. Description and Travel, p. 387 g. 1871-, p. 418

d. Government and Politics, p. 387 6. Panama, p. 418

e. Foreign Relations, p. 389 a. Bibliographies and Guides, p. 419 f. Economy and Society, p. 390 b. General, p. 419

g. Biographies, p. 39] c. Government and Politics, p. 4/9 12. Revolution and Post-Revolution, p. 393 d. Foreign Relations, p. 419

a. General, p. 393 e. Independence, p. 4/9

b. Documents, p. 395 f. Society and Culture, p. 4/9 c. Government and Politics, p. 396 7. Salvador, p. 420

d. Foreign Relations, p. 399 a. General, p. 420 e. Economy and Society, p. 400 b. Sources, p. 420 , f. Literature, p. 400 c. Government and Politics, p. 420 g. Biographies, p. 40/ d. Society and Culture, p. 42/ B. Central America, William Griffith . . 403 oe logan aot

; ,p.421

1. Central America as a Whole, p. 405 g. 1944-, p. 42]

a. Bibliographies and Guides, p. 405 — c. Sources, p. 405 C. Corbittand Richard M. Morse. . 422

b. General, p. 405 C. The Hispanic Caribbean and Haiti, Duvon

d. Government and Politics, p. 406 1. Cuba (Duvon C. Corbitt), p. 424 e. Economy, Society, Culture, p. 406 a. Bibliographies and Guides, p. 424

f. 1821-1842, p. 407 b. General, p. 425

g. 1843-1871, p. 408 c. Nineteenth-Century Cuba, p. 425

h. 1871-1944, p. 408 i. General, p. 425

1. 1944-, p. 409 ii. Description and Travel, p. 425 a. General, p. 409 iv. Foreign Relations, p. 426 b. Sources, p. 409 v. Independence Movement,

2. Costa Rica, p. 409 ui. Government and Politics, p. 426 c. Government and Politics, p. 409 p.427 e. Society and Culture, p. 4/0 vil. Culture, p. 428 f. 1821-1842, p. 411 d. Twentieth-Century Cuba, p. 430

d. Economy, p. 4/0 vi. Economy, p. 428

g. 1842-1870, p. 41/ i. General, p. 430

CONTENTS XIX ii. Government, Politics, 6. Culture, p. 456 Revolution, p. 430 7. From Paez to the End of the Federal

iii. Foreign Relations, p. 43/ War, 1830-1863, p. 457

iv. Economy and Society, p. 43/ 8. From Falcon to the End of the

2. Dominican Republic (Duvon C. Gomez Regime, p. 460

Corbitt), p. 432 9. From Lépez Contreras to Leoni, a. Bibliographies and Guides, p. 432 1935-1968, p. 463

b. Sources, p. 432 F. Colombia, Robert Gilmore... . . 467 c. Secondary Works, p. 432 1. Bibliographies and Guides, p. 470

3. Puerto Rico (Duvon C. Corbitt), p. 434 2. General, p. 470 a. Bibliographies and Guides, p. 434 3. Government and Politics, p. 470

b. Sources, p. 434 4. Foreign Relations, p. 472

c. Secondary Works, p. 434 5. Economy and Society, p. 472 4. Haiti (Richard M. Morse), p. 435 6. Culture, p. 474

a. Historiography, p. 435 7. Nineteenth Century, p. 475

b. General, p. 436 a. Description and Travel, p. 475 c. Government and Politics, b. Memoirs and Letters, p. 475 Foreign Relations, p. 436 c. Collected Writings, p. 477 d. U.S. Occupation, p. 438 d. Government and Politics, p. 478 e. Economy and Society, p. 439 e. Biographies, p. 48/

f. Culture, p. 440 8. Twentieth Century, p. 483

D. The Non-Hispanic Caribbean, a. General, p. 483 John Parry . 2... 1... we 44] b. Government and Politics, p. 484 1. The West Indies in General, p. 442 c. Biography and Autobiography,

a. Bibliographies, p. 442 p. 487

b. General, Dp. 442 d. La Violencia, p. 488

2. The British West Indies, p. 443 G. Ecuador, Mark J.VanAken . ... . 489

a. General, p. 443 |. Bibliographies and Guides, p. 490 1. Bibliographies and Guides, 2. General, p. 490

p. 443 3. Special Topics, p. 49/

ii. General, p. 443 4. 1830-1895, p. 492

li. Sources, p. 444 a. General, p. 492

iv. Economy and Society, p. 445 b. Sources, p. 493

b. Bahamas, p. 446 c. Special Topics, p. 495 c. Barbados, p. 446 5. Since 1895, p. 495

d. British Guiana, p. 446 a. General, p. 495 e. British Honduras, p. 447 b. Sources, p. 496 f. Jamaica, p. 447 H. Peru, Fredrick B. Pike . . 2... . . 497 g. Leeward Islands, p. 449 1. Bibliographies and Guides, p. 499

h. Trinidad, p. 449 2. General, p. 499

1. Windward Islands, p. 449 3. Historiography, p. 501 3. French West Indies, p. 449 4. Documentary Sources, p. 50/ a. Bibliographies and Guides, p. 449 5. Foreign Relations, p. 50/

b. General, p. 450 6. Economy, p. 502 c. Sources, p. 430 7. Culture, p. 503

d. Economy and Society, p. 450 8. The Founding of the Republic, 4. The Netherlands West Indies, p. 45/ 1826-1 845, p. 504

5. The Virgin Islands, p. 45 / a. Sources, p. 504

F. Venezuela,/ohn V. Lombardi . ... 45! b. Secondary Works, p. 504

1. Bibliographies and Guides, p. 454 9. The Age of Ramon Castilla, p. 505

2. Historiography, p. 454 a. Sources, p. 505

3. General, p. 455 b. Secondary Works, p. 505

4. Government and Politics, p. 455 10. Peru from 1862 to 1883, p. 506

5. Economy and Society, p. 456 a. Sources, p. 506

XX CONTENTS b. Secondary Works, p. 506 4. Documentary Sources, p. 545

11. Reconstruction, 1884-1919, p. 507 5. Politics and Government, p. 545

a. Sources, p. 507 6. Economy, p. 545

b. Secondary Works, p. 508 7. Ideas and Education, p. 546 12. Dictatorship and Dissension, 8. Literature and Art, p. 546

1919-1939, p. 509 9. 1828-1880, p. 547

a. Sources, p. 509 a. General, p. 547

b. Secondary Works, p. 509 b. Documents and Collected 13. From the Second World War to Writings, p. 548

1965, p. 511 c. Memoirs, Description, Travel,

I. Bolivia, HerbertS. Klein ..... . 513 p. 549

1. Bibliographies and Guides, p. 5/5 d. Government and Politics, p. 550

2. General, p. 516 e. Foreign Relations, p. 55/ 3. Government, p. 517 f. Economy, p. 552 4. Economy, p. 517 g. Biography, p. 552 5. Society, p. 5/8 10. 1880-1910, p. 553 6. Culture, p. 520 a. Documents and Collected

7. Attempts to Establish Viable Political Writings, p. 553 Institutions: 1825-1879, p. 520 b. Memoirs, Description, Travel,

8. Economic and Political Stabilization; p. 554 The Conservative Oligarchy: c. Government, Politics, Foreign

1880-1899, p. 522 Relations, p. 554

9. The Liberal Era and the Rise of Tin: d. Economy and Society, p. 555

1899-1932, p. 523 e. Biographies, p. 556

10. The Chaco War and the Rise of the M. Argentina, Twentieth Century,

Revolutionary Left: 1932-, p. 523 SamuelL. Baily... 2... . . 556

J. Chile, RobertN. Burr. ©. 2. 2. ©... © 525 1. Bibliographies and Historiography,

1. Bibliographies and Guides, p. 527 p. 559

2. Historiography, p. 527 2. General Works, p. 559

3. General, p. 528 3. Government and Politics, p. 560 a. Documents, p. 529 5. Economy, p. 563

4. Sources, p. 529 4. Foreign Relations, p. 562 b. Government Publications, p. 530 6. Culture, p. 563

c. Memoirs, p. 530 7. 1910-1930, p. 564

5. Description and Travel, p. 53/ 8. 1930-1943, p. 565

6. Local and Regional, p. 53/ 9. 1943-1955, p. 566

7. Biography, p. 532 10. 1955-, p. 568 8. Government and Politics, p. 533 N. Paraguay, HarrisG.Warren. . . . . 571 a. 1830-1891, p. 533 1 General 572

b. 1891-, p. 534 : oP ; io a 2. Description and Travel, p. 572 9. Foreign Relations and Military 3. Historical Novels, p. 573

Affairs, p. 535 4. The Great Dictatorships, 10. Economy, p. 535 1813-1870 p. 573 Il. Society, p. 537 a. General p. 573 12. Religion, p. 538 b. Documents p. 574 13. Education, p. 538 C. Memoirs, p. 574 14. Culture, p. 539 d. Periodicals, p. 574

K. Argentina, Nineteenth and Twentieth e. Biographies, p. 575

Centuries. 2... 2... 2... . . 540 f. War of the Triple Alliance, p. 576 L. Argentina, 1828-1910, 5. Paraguay since 1870, p. 576 Joseph Criscenti. . . .. . ... . S42 a. General, p. 576 1. Bibliographies and Guides, p. 544 b. Sources, p. 577

2. General, p. 544 c. Government and Politics, p. 577

3. Provincial and Local, p. 544 d. Economy and Society, p. 578

CONTENTS XX] e. Immigration and Colonies, p. 578 R. Brazil, the Republic, John D. Wirth. . 607

f. Biographies, p. 579 1. Bibliograhpies and Historiography,

g. Chaco War, p. 579 p. 608

O. Uruguay, MiltonVanger ..... . 579 2. General, p. 608 1. Bibliographies and Guides, p. 580 3. Sources, p. 609

2. General, p. 581 4. The Military and Militarism, p. 6/0

3. Government, p. 582 5. Economy, p. 610

4. Economy, p. 582 6. Society, p. 611 5. Society, p. 584 7. Messianism, p. 6/1

6. Culture, p. 585 8. Culture, p. 6/2

7. 1828-1851: Independence, Blancos 9. Biographies, p. 6/2 and Colorados, the Guerra Grande, 10. Old Republic: 1889-1930, p.614

p. 586 11. New Republic: 1930-1964, p. 6/6

a.Constitution, Independence and the ; p. 586 Part VII. International Relations since 1830

b. 1830-1851, p. 587 A. Inter-Hispanic American Relations,

c. Guerra Grande, 1842-1851, RobertN. Burr .......... 619

p. 588 1. Bibliographies and Guides, p. 621

d. Special Aspects, p. 590 2. General, p. 621

8. 1851-1897: The Struggle for National a. Sources, p. 621

Unity, p. 590 b. Secondary Works, p. 622 a. 1851-1865: The Politics of Fusion 3. Latin American Relations of and the Victory of Flores, the Individual Nations, p. 622 Paraguayan War, p. 590 4. Latin American Cooperation, p. 623

b. 1865-1897: Principismo, Mill- a. Sources, p. 623

tarism, Civilian Government, p. 591 b. Secondary Works, p. 624 9. 1897-1945: Democracy and Progress, 5. Regional Relations, p. 624

p.a.592 a. Middle America and the General, p. 592 Caribbean, p. 624

b. 1897-1919: Stability, Saravia, b. Pacific Coast, General, p.625 Batlle, Political Innovation, p. 592 i. Sources, p. 625 c. 1919-1933: The First Colegiado, il. Secondary Works, p. 625 Batllismo, Herrerismo, p. 594 c. War of the Pacific and Its

d. 1933-1945: Golpe de Estado, Aftermath, p. 625

Uruguay and World War II, p. 594 i. Sources, p. 625 10. 1945-1965: From Euphoria to Crisis, ii. Secondary Works, p. 626

p. 595 d. Ecuador and Peru, p. 627

P. Brazil, Nineteenth and Twentieth e. Colombia and Peru, p. 627

Centuries... .......... 596 f. Rio de la Plata, General, p. 627

Q. Brazil, the Empire, StanleyJ. Stein . . 597 g. Paraguayan War, p. 628

1. Bibliographies and Guides, p. 599 h. Chaco War, p. 628

2. General, p. 599 6. Interregional Relations, p. 629 3. a.Sources, p. 599 a. Sources, p. 629 Documents, p. 599 b. Secondary Works, p. 629 b. Memoirs and Letters, p. 599 7, ABC Powers, p. 630

c. Description and Travel, p. 599 B. Relations with the United States,

4. Biographies, p. 600 Europe, and Asia, Charles C. Griffin . 631

5. Economy, p. 601 1. General, p. 632

6. Slavery, Slave Trade, Abolitionism, 2. Relations with the United States, p. 633

p. 602 a. Bibliographies and Guides, p. 633

7. Race, Immigration, Colonization, p. 603 b. Documentary Sources, p. 633

8. Ideas, p. 604 c. Nineteenth and Twentieth

9. First Reign: 1822-1840, p. 604 Centuries, p. 633

10. Second Reign: 1840-1889, p. 604 d. Nineteenth Century, p. 634

XXII CONTENTS e. Twentieth Century, p. 634 6. O.A.S. Special Conferences:

f. Caribbean Policy, p. 635 Select Documents, p. 645 3. Relations with Europe, p. 637 Commissions, p. 646 4. Relations with Asia, p. 638 8. O.A.S. Specialized Organizations, C. Multilateral Inter-American Relations p. 646 g. Monroe Doctrine, p. 636 7. O.A.S. Special Agencies and

and Organizations, Bryce Wood .. . 638 9. O.A.S. Peacekeeping and Economic

1. Bibliographies and Guides, p. 64/ Cooperation, p. 647 2. General Documents, p. 642 10. Histories and Commentaries, p. 648 3. O.A.S. Periodic Reports, p. 643

4. Treaties and Agreements, p. 643 Periodicals Cited ........... 65!

p. 044 AuthorIndex. ............ 661

5. O.A.S. Organs: Select Documents, Key to Periodicals, p. 655

FOREWORD

This volume is fourth in the continuing series, Conference on Latin American History Publications. The nature and scope of the series was outlined in the Preface to Number One. There it was noted that included would be “‘guides, bibliographies, important source materials (including those translated from languages not generally read by Latin American specialists), historical statistics, and similar materials.”’ The following guide to the historical literature of Latin America forms an appropriate and very important contribution to the programs of the Conference to prepare and publish works of general importance for the

improvement of training and research in the United States related to Latin American history. The guide had its origins at a meeting in the Library of Congress jointly sponsored by the Hispanic Foundation and the Joint Committee on Latin American

Studies of the American Council of Learned Societies and the Social Science Research Council on April 20, 1962. A group of invited specialists, including bibliographers, historians, and those who had had administrative experience developing similar historical bibliographies, agreed on a number of very general and several specific characteristics that a guide to the historical literature of Latin

America should have. Nearly all of those preliminary suggestions were later adopted by the editor and the Editorial Advisory Board, and agreement on the

desirability and feasibility of the project reported from the meeting was an important element in mobilizing further scholarly, administrative, and financial support for it. During 1963, when the Committee on Activities and Projects was created by

the General Committee of the Conference, the Committee on Activities and Projects proposed that it explore further the possibilities of having the Conference prepare jointly with the Hispanic Foundation and publish a guide to the historical literature of Latin America. The Conference authorized such action, as did the

Librarian of Congress. The Librarian of Congress jointly appointed with the Conference an Editorial Advisory Board, members of which are listed on a preceding page. Funds to defray costs of preparation of the guide were included in a proposal that the Librarian made to the Ford Foundation for expansion of activities by the Hispanic Foundation. In such a grant to the Library of Congress on January 15, 1964, the Ford Foundation generously provided an initial $50,000 requested for the guide. The Librarian of Congress and the Conference also jointly named Professor Charles C. Griffin as editor and Mr. Jerry E. Patterson as assistant editor. An agreement (May 5, 1964) was concluded between Vassar College, where Profes-

XXIV | FOREWORD sor Griffin was teaching, and the Library for the latter to transfer funds that would permit him to set up a small editorial office, and for the former to relieve him of certain teaching and administrative responsibilities. A change in career plans

caused Mr. Patterson to resign as assistant editor (September 1966); hence, thereafter most of the burden of final planning and preparing the guide fell on the shoulders of Dr. Griffin, advised by the Board, which met at irregular intervals during 1963-1968. The editor was given full professional responsibility for the contents of the guide and wide latitude of administrative action by its sponsors.

All agree that his is a great achievement, a view we believe that users of the following pages will share. As had originally been foreseen, time needed for preparation of the guide ex-

ceeded the initial three years for which Ford Foundation funds had been made available to the Library; consequently, in a renewal proposal from the Librarian, additional financial support, approximately $20,000 was again in 1967 generously provided by the Ford Foundation for completion of the manuscript. To aid Dr. Griffin in the final stages, the services of Dr. J. Benedict Warren, formerly editor of The Americas (published by the Academy of American Franciscan History), were secured in 1968, to act as assistant editor. Under his supervision, the final

version of the manuscript was checked in May and June 1969, by Anne C. Ambrose of the Hispanic Foundation staff. As editor, Dr. Griffin recruited and supervised a clerical and professional staff

in Poughkeepsie and in New York City. He has in the following Introduction mentioned their important contribution. Both the Hispanic Foundation and the Conference on Latin American History would like here to acknowledge with appreciation, in addition to the tribute paid them by Dr. Griffin, the willing cooperation given this project by the more than

thirty specialists who prepared bibliographical materials for this guide. Collectively and cooperatively under Dr. Griffin’s leadership, they have provided a unique major regional bibliography that we all believe will serve the interest not

only of historians, but also of others professionally concerned with the rich historical past of a major world area. Here, too, it is appropriate to record the appreciation of the Library of Congress

and the Conference on Latin American History to the Ford Foundation for its continued financial support of this complex bibliographical enterprise. As always,

the director and staff of the University of Texas Press have been unfailingly sympathetic and helpful at all stages of the present publication.

HOWARD F. CLINE

Chairman Committee on Activities and Projects, Conference on Latin American History

INTRODUCTION

Bibliographies already exist for most periods and many topics in Latin American history. The approximately five hundred entries in the bibliographical section of the present guide bear witness to them. Few of these, however, deal with Latin America as a whole in its historical dimension. Most of them, too, omit annota-

tion. These considerations serve to explain and to justify the present effort. This volume attempts to provide a selective scholarly bibliography, accompanied by critical annotations, covering the whole field of Latin American history.

Because it was desirable to limit the size of this guide to a single manageable volume, the selectivity practiced by the contributors has been considerable. It has been necessary to omit many entries that would appear in more specialized bibliographies of the history of individual countries or of particular topics.

The aim has been to give those who are beginning the serious study of Latin American history a basic tool of research that will introduce them to the most important sources and histories. It is hoped that this guide may also be useful to more advanced scholars in various fields, in connection with topics and periods in’ which they have not specialized. Though the listings that follow are highly selective, the bibliographical references provided in Part I should lead users of this volume to the more specialized materials they may require. Manuscript sources in archives or other repositories are not listed in this book. However, Section B in Part I lists a number of the more important archival guides and catalogs.

In one sense, Latin American history is one of the oldest and best established divisions of modern history. It includes the story of the discovery of the New World and of the early voyages of exploration that followed, about which there has developed a vast literature going back to the original narratives and diaries of Columbus and his successors and the early Spanish chroniclers of the enterprise of the Indies. In subsequent years, especially since the appearance of the pioneer critical histories by William Robertson and Juan Bautista Munoz in the eighteenth century, historians have acquired a remarkably thorough knowledge of the

great discoveries in the West. Controversies still.rage about some aspects of Columbus’ career, the voyages of Vespucci, and other matters, but the present-

day student of the subject has sufficient material at his disposition to enable him to make an independent judgment about them.

The history of the Spanish conquest of the American continent has run a somewhat similar course, beginning, like the history of the discoveries, with the

letters and relations of conquistadores like Cortés and the writings of such

XXV

XXVI INTRODUCTION contemporary historians as Las Casas. The nature of the conquest was further illuminated by the writings of Spanish theologians and jurists, of whom Francisco de Vitoria serves as an example. Subsequent historical writing about the conquest and the ensuing Spanish imperial system was deeply influenced by the “‘black

legend” of extraordinary Spanish inhumanity, accepted for centuries by most non-Spaniards, and by the pious defensive efforts of Spanish apologists. In the twentieth century this dispute has abated as the religious and national prejudices that gave rise to the black legend have faded. On the other hand, the view of Spanish imperial rule as essentially paternal and benevolent, which was accepted by writers who based their work on the seventeenth-century Recopilacion de las leyes de las Indias, has been modified in the light of studies based on the actual records of administration. Even more important has been the broadening of twentieth-century studies of the Spanish Empire in America from legal, administrative, military, and religious

history to include urban and rural society, economic life, academic culture, literature, and the arts. Related to the expansion of the scope of colonial history has been the appearance of the new special field of ethnohistory —the historical study of the native peoples of the New World. The first studies of native American civilizations date from the sixteenth century when churchmen like Bernardino de Sahagtn and Diego de Landa with the help of native informants produced the first accounts of Indian cultures. These men had their successors — Torquemada, Garcilaso de la Vega—and in eighteenth-century New Spain there was a revival of interest in preconquest culture, but the chief development of Latin American ethnohistory has come in very recent years when anthropologists and historians working with each other have made great progress in the understanding of native life, both before and after the conquest.

At the beginning of the nineteenth century another great upheaval—the revolutionary movements for independence in Spanish and Portuguese America — created a new wave of historical writing, largely inspired by the cult of the heroes who led the struggle for the creation of new nations: Bolivar, San Martin, Hidalgo, and others. During the rest of the century historical writing on this era remained

filiopietistic and was also frequently dominated by a spirit of controversy over the respective merits of rival préceres. An enormous volume of documentary material was published, however, on which later, more sophisticated studies could build. Important contributions were made, also, by Bartolomé Mitre, Lucas Alaman, Diego Barros Arana, and José Maria Restrepo, whose works transcended the run-of-the-mill productions of their contemporaries and served as points of departure for further work. As the writings on America continued to appear, from earliest days an urge to place them under bibliographical control was manifested in such colonial works as

Leon Pinelo’s Epitome de la biblioteca oriental i occidental, ndutica y geogrdfica (Madrid, 1629). Preceded by important listings in the eighteenth century,

the preparation of scholarly bibliographies on Latin America became a fully established subspecialty in the second half of the nineteenth. Among many others, the names of the Mexican Joaquin Garcia Icazbalceta and the indefatigable Chilean José Toribio Medina are characteristic and outstanding. Sabin in the United States paralleled them. In more recent times Latin America was covered for historians by I. J. Cox in the American Historical Association’s

INTRODUCTION XXVII Guide in 1931, supplemented by several hands in 1961, when the latter was rewritten. Since its inception (1935), the Handbook of Latin American Studies has paid particular attention to history. By design, the present guide serves to cover the many years of historiographical effort before the publication of the Handbook, the continuing volumes of which will serve to supplement and keep relatively current the kinds of historical publications included in the present work. If, in the various ways briefly alluded to above, Latin American history has a

long and respectable tradition, recording progress over the centuries, there are other ways in which it 1s a new and struggling field of study. This is true if we consider it to be, not a succession of dramatic events, but the story of a process of acculturation of disparate peoples, the absorption of influences from Europe, Africa, and Asia, and the birth and evolution of nations as well as a gradual growth

of consciousness of continent-wide relations. In this sense, Latin American history is a creation of the present century. It is the product of the use by trained professional historians of a mass of newly available archival and other manuscript sources together with the rapid development of the guides and bibliographies required to make these new resources fully available. It is also the product of

the use by historians of new insights provided by the social sciences. In the modern sense, Latin American history includes the study of race relations, the evolution of societies, the decline and growth of populations, the changes in institutions and thought—religious, political, economic, and social—and the course of literary and artistic expression over the ages in a vast and varied area. The history of Latin America also depended on the invention of the term. Until the mid-nineteenth century no one had ever heard of it. Previously, the Spaniards had referred to the Indies, or to America without qualification (assyming, like the later Americans of the United States, that their America was America), and of

course there was Brazil, not yet assimilated to Spanish America in a single concept. Latin America, a term first coined to suit the requirements of French cultural imperialism, has of late achieved general acceptance.

The history of Latin America has also achieved greater coherence when its geographical extent crystallized after the loss of great North American territories, first by Spain and later by Mexico, to the United States. Curiously, in our own day, a new confusion has appeared about the limits of the region. As non-Spanish-speaking peoples like those of Trinidad and Jamaica become independent and

are admitted to the Organization of American States, they tend, in the United States, to be included in Latin America. In view of their early Hispanic antecedents and their many historic relations with the Hispanic Caribbean, it would be extreme purism to disregard these countries in any treatment of the region, and this guide has included them.

The basic organization of this guide is chronological, with main divisions devoted to the colonial, independence, and postindependence periods. Within these major parts, separate sections deal with the various geographical areas. These parts of the guide are preceded by Part I, ‘““Reference’’; Part II, ‘“General’’: and Part III, ‘““Background,” and followed by Part VII, “International Relations

since 1830.” The organization of these parts of the volume is topical and geographical rather than chronological. Comments on all entries are by the author of the section in which they appear, unless such comments are followed by initials, which indicates that another person

XXVIII INTRODUCTION has supplied the comment. A key to the initials of contributors appears at the beginning of the volume. The contributions to this volume were prepared at various dates between 1966

and 1969. In general, few publications subsequent to 1966 have been included, _and the reader should refer to recent volumes of the Handbook of Latin American Studies for information on works that have appeared since that date. The nature of the material listed in Part I will be obvious. Essentially, it consists of such aids to historical research as bibliographies and other works of reference. Criteria for the inclusion and exclusion of entries are explained in an introductory statement. Part II, ““General,’” however, calls for further explanation in order to facilitate the use of the guide. The rule followed for the inclusion of material is that any work, the subject of which is broader than that of a single section of the guide either geographically or chronologically, must be placed in Part IT, ““General.”’ This means that, in addition to general works on Latin America as a whole and books dealing with the history of individual countries that include both the

colonial and national periods, a number of somewhat less general items are included. For example, works on a particular aspect of the history of Latin America or of an individual country (literature, art, economics, etc.) are included

here if they cover more than one of the main periods. Anyone who wishes to review all entries relating to the history of a particular country, therefore, should

look first in Part II, “General,” for the section devoted to that country or area before searching the sections that deal with colonial, independence, and postindependence history. Part III, ‘““Background,” as the word suggests, deals largely with precolonial history in Europe, Africa, and America that throws light on Latin America. It is not entirely thus limited chronologically, however. The section on European and African background contains material on all periods of Spanish and Portuguese history, though emphasis is on medieval antecedents. The section on archaeology is devoted entirely to American prehistory and preconquest archaeology, but that

on ethnohistory contains a great deal about Indian history since the conquest. The last-mentioned section is one of the major contributions to the guide. Though in recent years the subject has been covered to some extent in the Handbook of

Latin American Studies, there is no other general, selective, retrospective, annotated bibliography of Latin American ethnohistory. For the colonial period there is a general section on the Spanish Empire, which

contains material not limited to any one geographical division of the Empire. There is also a section, “‘Discovery and Exploration,” mainly devoted to maritime

voyages, which presents material on all parts of the New World that can be considered part of Latin America. Mainly, however, Part III presents the bibliography of colonial history in sections devoted to New Spain, Central America, Spanish South America, and Brazil. The part devoted to the independence period contains a general section covering items that do not fall within the scope of the geographical sections into which it is divided: Mexico, the Caribbean, Spanish South America, and Brazil. Some readers may question the amount of space given to this period, which, as defined here, only covers two decades of a history measured in centuries. Bibliographers,

however, must be governed by the emphasis in the historical literature. An extraordinarily large proportion of all historical writing in Latin America, espe-

INTRODUCTION XXIX cially in Spanish South America, is concerned with the movements for independence. Part VI, ‘““Latin America since Independence,” contains sections on individual countries, except for Central America, the history of which since independence is covered in a single section. The same is true of the Caribbean. A word must be said at this point about the assignment of items to this part of the guide. A great many books that deal mainly with the national history of individual Latin American countries have introductory chapters dealing briefly with the colonial period or with the struggle for independence. If the work in question only devotes minor attention to earlier periods, it has been thought best to place it in Part VI, “Latin America since Independence,” rather than in Part IT, ‘““General.”’

Part VII, “International Relations since 1830,’ contains a section on inter— Hispanic American relations. Works that are concerned with the diplomatic history of individual countries, however, are found in the appropriate country sections of Part VI. Similarly, the section “‘Latin American Relations with the United States, Europe, and Asia” does not include items on the relations of individual Latin American countries, but rather includes more general works on the policies of the United States and of European powers toward Latin America or of Latin America as a whole toward outside regions. The final section of the guide on

multilateral inter-American relations is primarily a guide to the documents of the Organization of American States and of its predecessor institutions. As such it serves a most usefiil purpose in view of the complicated nature of the records of the OAS and its subsidiary organizations. Before leaving this description of the organization of this volume a word must be said about the way in which the material dealing with the Caribbean area has been handled. For this area the chronological divisions used for the continental areas do not serve any useful purpose; the years 1808-1810 do not mark the end of colonial conditions nor do the years after 1830 mark the beginning of independent national states. For this reason, the colonial period for the Caribbean area is terminated in 1790, at which time revolutionary activity began to appear

in Saint Domingue. The impact of the French Revolution and the wars that accompanied it make a more meaningful turning point in this region than 1808 or 1810. The terminal date for this period in the Caribbean has also been advanced beyond 1830. In the case of Haiti and Santo Domingo it extends to the independence of the latter country in 1844. In the other Spanish islands it extends to the end of the period of agitation that accompanied the revolution on the continent. In the British and other colonial possessions it includes the era of the emancipation of the slaves, which began in the 1830’s. This organizational plan may seem somewhat artificial, but the alternative of disregarding the changes of the period 1790-1844 in the Caribbean and including the history of this period either with the previous colonial era or with the subsequent national period would bring about even greater anomalies. The Table of Contents provides an analytical outline of the organizational plan briefly described above. Readers are urged to study it carefully. Its use, together

with that of the index, should enable readers to find the references they seek. Because of the systematic organization of the volume, and the existence of the index, which can lead readers to particular works, it has been decided to dispense with cross references. This has been from some points of view regrettable. How-

XXX INTRODUCTION ever, any general use of cross references would have added as much as 10 per cent to the volume of the guide and would have made necessary a comparable reduction in the number of items listed. On the whole, this has seemed undesirable to the editor and to the Editorial Advisory Board. The editor would like to add a word of appreciation at this point for the work of the team of contributors to this book. It is their professional competence that gives the volume its value. There are many bibliographies that list more items on Latin American history than this one does, but there are none, to my knowledge, that

combine so careful a selection of material in each field of specialization with equally authoritative descriptive and critical comment. It should be a source of satisfaction to the historians of Latin America in the English-speaking world that they have been able to provide this coverage of the historical literature. Next to the contributors, acknowledgment is due the members of the Editorial Advisory Board, who provided support and counsel during the long years between planning and publication of this volume. Without their expert guidance the editor

would have found it difficult, if not impossible, to complete his assignment. A special debt of gratitude is owed to those who served in the dual capacity of contributors and advisors and among these to Howard F. Cline, director of the Hispanic Foundation in the Library of Congress, without whose efforts this guide would never have been published. In the principal editorial tasks a number of people have been involved. Jerry E. Patterson was responsible for establishing the editorial style for the bibliographical entries. J. Benedict Warren, assistant editor of the guide, has given valuable help in a number of ways. Donald Wisdom and Earl Pariseau, members of the

staff of the Hispanic Foundation, reviewed parts of the manuscript and contributed expert advice. The verification of references has been done by Solena V. Bryant and Herman Cline. Norma Mausolf did most of the typing of the manu-

script and Barbara Devin has given years of skilled service as secretary and editorial assistant.

Having lived with this guide for five years, the editor feels satisfaction in a task accomplished; he also assumes full responsibility for all errors, omissions, and deficiencies. CHARLES C. GRIFFIN

Latin America A Guide to the Historical Literature

PART I. REFERENCE SOLENA V. BRYANT

Although organized with history in mind, Part I is not exclusively a historical part of this guide. It aims to include the major reference tools related to Latin America that may be of assistance to historians, without attempting to be exhaustive. Materials have been selected in the hope that they will point the way to further specialized research into the many aspects of history and the other social sciences. As to scope, an attempt has been made to reach an equilibrium between recent and older materials. Titles in several languages are included, but not in Russian or other Slavic languages.' In view of the impossibility of enumerating every relevant publication of each Latin American country, it has seemed the wisest course to concentrate on the major countries, particularly Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Mexico, and to list only the most significant publications of the other nations. The annotations are mostly descriptive. Included are books, periodicals, periodical articles, and selected historiographical articles rich in bibliographical material, whenever they are significant or there 1s a scarcity of good materials on a specific topic.

All known and available bibliographies have been examined. In addition, the author has consulted the card catalogs and the holdings of the Columbia University Library, the New York Public Library, and the Hispanic Society of America, as well as other specialized institutions, such as the American Geographical Society. Also very helpful were the publications of the Library of Congress, the Pan American Union, the American Historical Association, and UNESCO. The basic course pursued, which might be recommended to graduate students in the field, was as follows: a thorough search of the Handbook of Latin American Studies (38),? the American Historical Association’s Guide to Historical Literature (2), and its predecessor, edited by George M. Dutcher (26). These were supplemented by scanning the bibliographical and critical sections of the Hispanic

American Historical Review, the Latin American Research Review, and the 'But see Latin America in Soviet Writings: A Bibliography, item 60, below. — Ed.

Works referred to in this and other introductory statements are followed by a number in parentheses indicating their location in the present volume if they are included in it. General references to periodicals are not thus identified, nor are certain other works not related directly to Latin America. — Ed.

4 REFERENCE Luso-Brazilian Review for contemporary materials and publications in progress. To round out the picture of fundamental bibliographies in the English language, Humphreys’ Latin American History (48), a British publication, was also studied. For Spanish sources, the counterpart of the scheme delineated above was: B. Sanchez Alonso’s Fuentes de la historia espanola e hispanoamericana (88), Revista de Historia de América (82), and Revista Interamericana de Bibliografia (83).

The section on bibliographies 1s, of course, the largest. Since space does not permit the inclusion of all general, topical, regional, and individual country bibliographies, a special effort has been made to choose a wide range of basic titles published in the United States and abroad. Form as well as content is considered, such as the listing of paperbacks, materials in print, manuscripts, dissertations, periodicals, newspapers, and government publications. It is well for the reader to remember that those engaged in gathering bibliographical information on Latin America often have to resort to publishers’ and booksellers’ catalogs, newspapers, general and specialized journals, library accession lists, and other similar sources. Although there has been an attempt not to neglect older imprints, newer publications are emphasized, since earlier bibliographies have been listed in the works included in this and other sections of the guide.

Few of the Latin American countries have anything resembling a national bibliography: that is, a continuing record of the published output of the nation. However, a deliberate effort is now being made to develop national bibliographies both current and retrospective. In this section Brazilis used as an illustration of the predominant pattern. Among the works cited listing national bibliographies are Sabor’s Manual de fuentes de informacion, Peraza Sarausa’s Bibliografias corrientes de la América latina (81), and Helen F. Conover’s Current National Bibliographies, which have been supplemented by the New York Public Library operational document “Bibliographies and Book Lists Routed for Selection” (Preparation Division. Technical order 59-42, June 1, 1959. 13 p.). National bibliographies also appear in Bibliographical Services Throughout the World, 1950-1959, published by UNESCO in 1961. The second section, ‘““Guides to Manuscripts,” is intended to acquaint the searcher with the major collections of Latin American primary sources throughout the world and in the United States. Since the emphasis is on general works, it is not possible to describe the Spanish archives and manuscript collections in detail, particularly those pertaining to the colonial period. However, many of the works cited include that period, mainly Gomez Canedo’s Los archivos de la historia de América (2042); Spain, Archivo Historico Nacional, Madrid, Documentos de Indias, siglos xvi a xix (382); and Hilton’s Handbook of Hispanic Source Materials and Research Organizations in the United States (356). For further reference the researcher may turn to the sections on archives and manuscripts in Boletim Internacional de Bibliografia Luso-Brasileira, Revista de Historia de América, Latin American Research Review, Indice Historico Es-

panol, Bulletin of the United States National Archives, Hispanic American Historical Review, Revista Portuguesa de Historia, the American Historical Association Guide (2), and other general bibliographies included in the first section. Also worth remembering is the National Union Catalog of Manuscript Collections.

REFERENCE 5 The treatment of encyclopedias follows the already-mentioned policy of covering the majority of the basic works on a selective basis. Biographical publications bulk large among Latin American reference works. Thus it has been necessary to make some arbitrary decisions in the choice of the items listed. Additional biographical materials may be found in A Bibliography of the Collective Biography

of Spanish America by J. del Toro, and in the “General Works” and other sections of the Handbook of Latin American Studies (38). Winchell’s Guide to Reference Books and the American Historical Association Guide (2) cover biographies separately. In the selection of atlases and other geographical reference works, the compiler

expresses gratitude to Dr. Rolf Sternberg for his valuable suggestions in this specialized field. Almost every Latin American nation has published gazetteers, usually under the title of Diccionario geogrdfico. There is a multitude of guidebooks on Latin America, but these vary greatly in quality. As much as possible, those listed have been chosen on the basis of comprehensiveness, dependability, and continuous revision. For those interested in furthering their knowledge of geographical reference tools, the following works are recommended: U.S. Library of Congress, A List of Geographical Atlases (Washington, 1909-1963, v. 1-6 in progress); American Geographical Society, Library, Research Catalogue (Boston, 1962), and its Current Geographical Publications (N.Y., 1938—), a monthly publication; and Bibliographie géographique internationale, 1891— (Paris, 1894—), the outstanding annual bibliography in the field. The reader will notice that among the statistical compilations there are some general bibliographies. In the case of census publications, it has seemed more

logical to cite one comprehensive bibliography of all national censuses rather than to describe each one separately. Similar reasoning has been applied to statistical annuals and bulletins, since they follow very much the same pattern for

all Latin American countries. In each country, under the auspices of some governmental institution, an annual is published, which is brought up to date by bulletins. The frequency of the latter varies, but for the majority is monthly. For information about census reports, the recommended bibliography is U.S. Library of Congress, Census Library Project, General Censuses and Vital Statistics in the Americas, 1. Tauber, ed. (Washington, 1943). For quick reference two very useful manuals are the Statesman’s Year-Book (London, 1864-) and the South American Handbook (London, 1924-). For statistical materials to be found in periodicals, see the Population index (Princeton, 1935—-) and Public Affairs Information Service, Bulletin(N.Y., 1915-).

6 REFERENCE MD. floruerunt. Matriti, 1788. 2 v.

———. Bibliotheca hispana nova: sive, Hispanorum scriptorum qui ab anno MD

“14: ad MDCLXXXIV, floruere notitia, Ma-

A. Bibliographies triti, 1783-1788. 2 v.

1. General Ist. ed., published 1672 as Bibliotheca hispana. Ex-

tremely useful work covering materials from early 1. Academy of American Franciscan History. _ times to 1684, produced by inhabitants of the Spanish

1951. 87 p. wrote.

Library. Catalog of books. Pulaski, Wis., Peninsula, regardless of the language in which they A mimeographed author listing of materials concern- 6, Anuario espanol e hispanoamericano del

ing Latin America in the library named in the title. libro y de las artes graficas con el Cata-

2. American Historical Association. Guide logo mundial del libro impreso en lengua to historical literature. George F. Howe, espanola dirigido por Javier Lasso de la

962 p. Biennial.

chairman, board of editors. N.Y., 1961. Vega Jiménez-Placer. Madrid, 1945-.

Designed to succeed Guide to historical literature, |. 1-2 entitled: Catalogo de los libros publicados en ed. by George M. Dutcher and others. (N.Y. 1931). Espana en 1944 (1945-1946). Decimal classification A standard work in the field. General geographical arrangement with author indexes. Cumulated indexes arrangement by areas and by countries. Each section, in some volumes. V. 5 and 9 list doctoral theses in the done by a specialist, includes: bibliographies and li- Library of the University of Madrid; and v. 10, theses braries, encyclopedias and works of reference, geogra- | from the University of Chile.

ials 1 . : ° . A) . 1 -

phies, gazetteers and atlases, manuscript collections, . . .

general histories, bibliographies of special topics, etc. 7. Bay itch, S. A. Latin America and the

It focuses attention on bibliographical publications Caribbean: a bibliographical guide to and major monographs in English since 1930. The works in English. Coral Gables, Fla., Latin American section was compiled by Hovard 1967. xxviii, 943 p. (School of Law. Inare listed in the sections devoted to the Americas and A verameriean legal studies 10) 1

to Spain and Portugal. substantially expanded revision of Latin America: a bibliographical guide to economy, history, law, poli-

3. American Universities Field Staff. A se- tics and society, 1961, with the addition of the non-

lect bibliography: Asia, Africa, Eastern pagans scustately by country and sabject i Europe, Latin America. N.Y., 1960. graphic entries are in legal form and unfortunately are

534 p. y 19 unannotated. [D.Wisdom] ——. Su ment. N.Y., | , , Er Lo | Supple nee Nv" 1963 ie . 8. Beers, Henry Putney. Bibliographies in ibiogaphy

as

1959

NA

aterion,

Rept

seny

oboe

stated

partly

sls,

X

Supplement. N.Y , 1965. 80 p American history: guide to materials for Supplement. NY. 1967. 72 D. research. N.Y., 1942. 487 p. to hess. requiremen’s of undergraduate teacnine iN titles dealing with foreign countries. About 4,000 items

oO fore an uiversites in , © bl; h d is es. , ides have been added to the first edition, bringing the numpreference to books recently published, but Includes — ber of entries to over 11,000. Lists separate works,

basic works and journals. Covers geography, sociolo- studies in progress, manuscript bibliographies, governBY, literature, art, architecture, misic, ane panosophy. ment documents, etc. Covers many aspects of Latin History is the best represented discipline. As a guide 4 merica—-U.S. relations throughout the work. Author

to the reader about 10% of the works are graded Ag subject index

and 20% B. Indexes by author and title. 9 Beh an D idaul d Raul Beh . ee DIL: . Behar, David, Behar,

comps.

4. Amsterdam. Fnaversitent etn hoy. Bibliografia hispanoamericana. Libros

americanos en Europa. Universiteit van antiguos y modernos referentes a Amér-

Amsterdam, Studie- en Documentatie- 1a espana. Arey l0g0 a illue nee de centrum voor Latijns Amerika. Apr., A subject catalog of 3,618 titles published by the Li-

1965-. Amsterdam. . breria Panamericana. Among other topics, includes

A bibliography of completed and in-process works on books on history, fine arts, archaeology, paleontology,

Latin America in Europe. ethnology, geography, travels, religious missions, folk-

‘ : , “Ly: . lore, native languages, flora, fauna, geology, bibliogra-

5. Antonio, Nicolas. B ibliotheca hispana phy, librarianship, newspapers, numismatics, etc. vetus: SIVE, Hispani scriptores qul ab Works on history relate to Latin America, Spain, and Octaviani Augusti aevo ad annum Christi Portugal. Indexes by country and by subject.

BIBLIOGRAPHIES: GENERAL 7 10. Beltran y de Torres, Francisco. Biblio- 16. Boston. Public Library. Ticknor Collec-

teca bio-bibliografica: catalogo de una tion. Catalogue of the Spanish library and importante coleccién de libros y folletos of the Portuguese books bequeathed by espanoles y extranjeros referentes a bib- George Ticknor. James L. Whitney, ed. liografia, biografia, bibliologia, bibliofilia, Boston, 1879. 476 p. la imprenta y sus artes auxiliares, &, &. A rich collection of nineteenth-century materials,

Madrid. 1927. 498 p. illus ene stressing literary titles. The catalog, arranged in dic-

A ? dij : p. INUs. limi ’ tionary form, lists both the holdings of the Ticknor

aoa NL, Woe ere World. wt imited number] tuguese of = Collection andinthose dealing with Spanish and Poritems on the New [J.B.W. literature the general collection.

11. Boone grat ta wn Sed Se espanola, 17, British bulletin of publications on Latin A slecarfied Diblceehe” isting ‘5 pe aonographs America, the West Indies, Portugal and

and periodical articles, compiled by José Alcina Spain. June, 1949-. London, 1949-. Franch. Covers general works, anthropology, and Monthly. _

modern and contemporary Latin America. Index by _Well-annotated bibliography of European books, pam-

author and by subject. phlets, and articles, stressing those published in Great

“4 - ope ~ Britain. Arranged by country. Issued under the aus-

un. —daic. . adrid, — oge .

12. Bibhogralia ape ML. wad mayo! pices of the Canning House Library.

N9 57 Monthly , 18. British Museum. Dept. of Printed Books.

Supersedes Bibliografia espanola, 1901-1922, and Short title catalogues of Spanish, SpanBibliografia general espanola e hispano-americana, ish American and Portuguese books {923-marzo~abr., 1942. A monthly publication con- printed before 1601 in the British Musesisting of two parts: (1) book trade articles, bibliogra- um, by Henry Thomas. London, 1966. phies, reviews, etc.; (2) ‘“‘Repertorio bibliografico. 169

The latter is a subject bibliography, with an annual 7 Pp. , ,

index of authors and titles. Has ceased publication, but “Spanish books, first published 1921. Spanish Amer-

is continued by El libro espafiol. ican books, first published 1944. Portuguese books

_ ; —_ first published 1940. Photographic reprint in one vol-

Paris, 1967. 141 p. oa:

13. Bibliographie américaniste, 1965-1966. ume 1966.”

Published upon the recommendation of UNESCO. 19. Br a A John Carter. Bibliotheca amerContinues “Bibliographie americaniste” included in ICana. catalogue oO JOOKS Te ating to the Journal de la Société des américanistes de Paris, North and South America in the library nouv. sér., t. 11-53. Classified organization, dealing of John Carter Brown of Providence, with materials on anthropology, linguistics, archaea’ R.I. Providence, 1865-1871. 3 pts. in4v. gy, social geography, history, etc. ane latter lists Pt. 3 reprinted by Kraus in 1963. 2 v. 2d ed. 1875-

books and periodical articles in several languages, on 1gg9_ pts, 1-2 only. An annotated bibliography of the Americas as a whole, followed by entries on North, 4.173 items arranged chronologically: pt. 1. 1482—

lus the West Indies as EAN: & re tr ~

ioabaabestpeueetiahdare itecieetiaesa 1600: pt. 2. 1601-1700: pt. 3. 1701-1800. 2 v., alpha-

separate groups. Alphabetic index. | petical author index.

14. Bibliographie hispanique, 1905-1917. 99, Bushong, Allen D. Theses on Pan Amer-

With supplement: Bibliographie hispano- ican topics prepared by candidates for francaise, 1477-1700. N.¥., 1961. 5 v. doctoral degrees in colleges and universi-

Compiled by Raymond Foulché-Delbosc. A Kraus re- ties in the U.S. and Canada. 1961-1965 print of the original work published by the Hispanic “OO “ ‘ ? : : Society from 1909 to 1919 in 13 v. Annual bibliogra- Bibliography and analysis. Austin, 1967. phy listing books and periodical articles in the lan- 57 p. guages, literature, and history of Spain and Portugal Supplement to v. 2, no. 2., LARR. Dissertations are and their former colonies. Has ceased publication. arranged alphabetically by author, with indexes by

“Vy: . _ . _ institution, geographical and biographical. Also there

IS. Bibliotheca hispania: revista de infor is a key to institutions. The author’s name in the entry macion y orlentacion bibliograficas. Ma- _ js followed by the title of thesis, the name of the insti-

drid, 1943-—. Quarterly. tution and the year in which the degree was conferred.

Originally published in three parts. Since 1956 re- An introductory subject analysis indicates that the duced to two: Letters and Sciences. Contains dataon number of dissertations in history exceeds that of general works, bibliography, religion, philosophy, other disciplines.

education, statistics, demography, sociology, political . . ° . _ science, law, philology, literature, geography, history, 21. Califor nia. University, Berkeley - Ban and art. Lists books, including translations into Span- croft Library. Catalog of printed books. ish, and periodical articles. Besides giving full biblio- Boston, 1964. 22 v. graphical data, the entries are annotated. Alphabetic Photo-offset reproduction of approximately 364,000

author index. cards in the Bancroft Library catalog. Dictionary ar-

8 REFERENCE rangement: author, subject, and title. Particularly rich back books. Washington, 1967. 77 p. collection on Western Americana, with emphasis on (Hispanic Foundation Bibliographical

Mesoamerica. Series . . . ; . Lists 642 titles in the humanities and the11). social sci-.

California and Mexico, but also covering southern ‘es 11) ‘

22. California. University. Library. Spain — ences. An index anda list of publishers is included.

ane pPanish Amen in the poraries of 28. Fichero bibliogr4fico hispanoameri€ University or Calltornia: a Catalogue cano: catdlogo trimestral de toda clase of books. Berkeley, 1928-1930. 2 v. de libros en espafiol publicados en las An important collection, constantly expanding. 1 Améri 196 1- lv: covers the general and departmental libraries and v. 2V.mericas. of BA es . Quarterly; the Bancroft Library. The arrangement is alphabetical, monthly, Sept., 1964-.

with a subject index. Originally published in New York by R. R. Bowker,

Z ee ~ it aims to list all books in Spanish in the Americas, in

23. Catalogo general de la libreria espanola all subjects and by all publishers. In addition, includes € nispanoamericana, 1901-1930. Auto- translations into Spanish, addresses of publishers, and res. Madrid, 1932-1951. 5 v. Catalogo a table showing rates of exchange of the various coungeneral de la libreria espanola, 1931— _ tries. Arranged by Dewey Decimal classification,

1950. Madrid, 1957-1963. v. 1-3 (In with an index by authors and titles.

progress). 29. Fleener, Charles J., and Ron L. SeckinPirst title superseded by the secone. which ges not ger, comps. in TheSpanish, guide to Latin. American include Latin American imprints. Books ..

from Spain and Latin America. Alphabetical arrange- P aperback literature. Gainesville, Fla.,

ment. Lists name of author, title, edition, place, pub- 1966. 106 p. lisher, date, paging, size, and price. Arranged by subject, with a general section at the ; . ; beginning and a miscellaneous section at the end. Each 24. Centro Latino-Americano de Pesquisas _ section consists of two parts: one devoted to Latin em Ciéncias Sociais. Bibliografia. set.— | America; another to Spain and Portugal. History is

out.. 1962-. Rio. 1962-. Bimonthly the best represented subject. Brief annotations. In-

Title varies. The Center was founded with the coop- dexes by publishers and by authors, compilers, editors,

eration of the Latin American countries, under the and translators.

auspices of UNESCO. It serves as a clearing house 30. Flemion, Philip F., and Murdo J. Macfor social science materials on or about Latin America. Leod. Survey of investigations in progReviews current books and periodical articles in in the of Latin A . tud section entitled ““Documentation.” The bibliography ressthe if the fre :field of Latin “american studconsists of an unannotated listing topically arranged. ies. 4 ed. Washington, 1962. 80 p. Mimeographed with consecutive paging. A classified arrangement consisting of 861 items. Lists . : institutions, organizations, periodicals, and publishers, 25. Chur ch, Elihu Dwight. Catalogue of besides indexes by author and by countries.

books relating to the discovery and early ; : . . history of North and South America 31. Florida. University. Libraries. Technical

forming a part of the library of E. D. Processes Dept. Caribbean acquisitions: Church, comp. and annotated by George materials acquired by the University of

Watson Cole. N.Y., 1907. 5 v. Florida, 1957-1958. Gainesville, 1959-.

Entries arranged chronologically from early times to Annual.

1884, with author and title index. Informationoneach A Classified list of works acquired through the Farmitem consists of full title, pagination, historical and ington Plan from Mexico, Central America, Colombia, bibliographical notes, particulars of different copies | Venezuela, the Guianas, the West Indies, and Berand their location. Includes facsimiles of title pages, | muda. Covers all fields, but stresses titles on the hu-

colophons, etc. manities and social sciences. Includes books, pam. ; . phlets, periodicals, newspapers, and microforms.

26. Cox, Isaac J., ed. Hispanic America. In Author index.

eo a erent utcher Vy d. gene oe 32. Fondo de Cultura Econémica, Mexico.

1087 Sere > P. Departamento de Promocion y Publicidad.

This section on Latin American history is an earlier Catalogo general, 1964. Mexico, 1964.

bibliography preceding the 1961 publication sponsored 627 p. illus. a _

by the American Historical Association. It contains | Well-done commemorative issue listing the Fondo’s much fuller treatment of colonial chronicles, docu- _ publications since its inception in 1934. Brief descripmentary collections, and some of the earlier mono- _ tive notes. Strong in the social sciences and the hu-

graphs than the later work. The editor was a specialist manities. Author and title index. Many illustrations.

in the history of the so-called Borderlands. [C.C.G. ] 33. Foulché-Delbosc, Raymond, and Louis

27. Dorn, Georgette M., comp. Latin Amer- Barrau-Dihigo. Manuel de Ihispanisant. ica: an annotated bibliography of paper- N.Y., 1920. 2 v.

BIBLIOGRAPHIES: GENERAL 9 Despite its age, still indispensable for its extensive sociology, and literature. In addition, includes special bibliographical information on both Spain and Portu- articles on such matters as statistics, legal and governgal. V. 1 classifies by region and city general bibliogra- | ment publications, book production in individual Latin

phies, typobibliographies and biobibliographies, as | American countries, travelers, social welfare, archives, well as works on language, literature, archives, and manuscript collections, etc. At the beginning of each libraries. V. 2 summarizes, volume by volume, the — section there is an introduction by the scholar respon-

contents of source collections, memoirs of learned sible for its compilation. It has an author index and a

societies, and similar standard sets. [C.B. ] broad subject index. As of v. 26, it has been divided

into two parts: social sciences and humanities. Each

34. Geoghegan, Abel R., ed. Obras de refer- _ part will be published every other year.

encia de América Latina: repertorio se- , “La: ; lectivo y anotado de enciclop edias. dic. 22° Harrisse, Henry. Bibliotheca americana cionarios, bibliografias, repertorios bio- vetustissima. A description of works reraficos ‘catélo - 5 Was Pe uarios in lating to America published between the

BI 7 BOS, sulas, , years 1492 and 1551. N.Y., 1866. 519 p. dices, etc.bibliography B.A., 1965.of280 p.American Additions. Paris. °1872 A selective Latin reference .°,: works in all fields. Includes 2,693 items arranged by 199 Pp. a Universal Dewey Classification. Some annotations. Detailed bibliographical information on books related

Good author and subject index. to America, regardless of place of publication, between

, . elas . 1492 and 1551. Many footnotes and facsimile repro-

35. Gomez Molleda, Diego. Bibliografia his- ductions of rare items. References to sources. Re-

torica espanola, 1950-1954. Madrid, printed (Madrid, 1958). Especnily valurote because it fills the gap between 40. Harvard University ° Library - Latin

Sanchez Alonso’s Fuentes (1952) and the first volume America and Latin American periodicals. of the Indice historico espafiol. 1952-1954 (1955). Cambridge, Mass., 1966. 2 v. ([ts WidenLists 6,096 unannotated entries, of which about 600 er Library shelf list 5—6).

deal with the Indies. Covers up to the end of the colo- The shelf list of the Latin American holdings of the

nial period. Classified arrangement. Widener Library. V. 1, arranged by subject, covers

as books, pamphlets, and periodicals. The classification

36. Gropp, Arthur E. Bibliografia sobre las followed is that of Harvard. V. 2 lists about the same bibliotecas nacionales de los paises latino- materials, arranged alphabetically by author and

americanos y sus publicaciones. Wash- chronologically. ington, 1960. 58 p. (Columbus Memorial 41. Hispanic American historical review.

Library. Bibliographic series 50). . Guide. 1918-1945, 1946-1955. Dur-

Describes the Nationa’ Libraries of the aun Amer ham, 1950-1958. 2 v.

can eh an ‘t or he Micke Vy 1500 e, Editor: 1918-1945, Ruth L. Butler; 1946-1955,

° ’ °3 ° » e ope e

ies. ry i di an bo ks. mn “hi t Ss near oi 4 ad Charles Gibson and E. V. Niemeyer. Extremely useMes, dical artich Mi Ss, pamp tat penne 'cals, and ful annotated index to v. 1-35 of HAHR. Classified

periodical arucies. Many are annotated. arrangement covering articles, documents, notes, 37. Gropp, Arthur E., comp. Union list of reviews, etc. General index of authors and editors.

Latin American newspapers in libraries 42- Hispanic and Luso Brazilian Councils, in the United States. Washington, 1953. London. Author and subject catalogues 235 p. (Columbus Memorial Library. of the Canning House Library. Boston,

Bibliographic series 39). 1967.5 v. . |

Five thousand newspapers located in 56 libraries are Catalogs of the Canning House Library devoted to represented in this valuable compilation. The arrange- the cultures of Latin America, Portugal, and Spain. ment is by country and by city, then alphabetically by | Four volumes on Spanish and Spanish American newspaper. Each entry includes frequency, founding materials and one on Portuguese items. The 30,000 date, closing date if the paper ceased publication, and books listed belong to the nineteenth and twentieth location symbol for the American library where it is Centuries. All older classics are represented in modern available. Newspapers in microfilm are listed (p. 233—_ Versions and there are complete runs of cultural and

235). economic serials. Subject matter is widely varied: ; ; philosophy, religion, education, history, biography,

38. Handbook of Latin American studies. geography, economics, current affairs, law, the arts, V. 1-14. Cambridge, Mass.; v. 15-. language and literature, the armed services, bibliog-

Gainesville, Fla., 1936-. Annual. raphy, and the sciences.

The most important bibliography in English in the 43, Hispanic and Luso Brazilian Councils,

ane sate aathrooelosy. eihnotoss atchacoloss London. Latin America: an introduction ethnohistory, linguistics, human biology, art, eco- to modern books im English concerming nomics, education, geography, government and in- the countries of Latin America. 2. ed. ternational relations, history, law, music, philosophy, London, 1966. 41 p.

10 REFERENCE Brief descriptive listing intended to help librarians in 48, Humphreys, Robert A. Latin American

the selection of Latin American materials. Arranged history: a guide to the literature in Enby topics books and by a general lishthe I dAUSPICES der th . fOtht € concerning on country. history andThere generalisstudies, Susp.section ssued under geography, economics, biography, travel and descrip- Royal Institute of International Affairs. tion, cultural aspects, and periodicals. Author index. London, 1958. 197 p.

. ° ° . P Supersedes the author’s Latin America, a selective

44. Hispanic Society of America. Library. guide to publications (1949). A basic bibliography of Catalogue of the Library. Boston, 1962. books and periodical articles in English. Contains over

10 v. 2,000 entries on political, social, intellectual and eco-

A dictionary catalog related to the cultures of Spain, nomic history.

Portugal, and colonial Hispanic America. Over .

100,000 titles on art, history, and literature, including 49. Iber o-Americana. Stockholm. . 1964-.

description and travel, music, and social and regional A bibliography of the combined main acquisitions of customs. All books since 1700 are listed, but manu- _ the libraries of the Ibero American Institutes of Gothscripts, most periodicals, and books prior to 1700 are enburg and Stockholm. Arranged by author, topic, and

excluded. nation or group of nations. Gives author, title, edition,

> . : index.

, place of publication, and series. Holdings from the

45. Hispanic Society of America. Printed Gothenburg Library have the location symbol h”™, books. 1468-1700 in the Hispanic Soci- those from Stockholm, G'*. Geographical subject

ety of America. N.Y., 1965. 614 p. illus. a oa (Hispanic notes and monographs: essays, 59. Indice general de publicaciones periodistudies, and brief biographies. Catalog cas latinoamericanas. Humanidades y series). ciencias sociales. Index to Latin AmeriA merger bringing up to date two titles previously can periodicals. Humanities and social

published by the Hispanic Society and organized by sciences. v. 1, 1961—. Boston, 1962-.

ara Louise Penney. Appearing respectively in uarterly. wi ‘

and 1938, they covered rare books of the collection Ednedoe Toree with annu aN Gumurations. of the printed in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. — Columbus Memorial Library and the New York Pubihe Pithem work 000 pariphints Althouch richer lic Library. “‘A guide to articles appearing in selected in Spanish peninsular historical materials, it lists Latin van Am ences” An aneatal capa pumanities : arin American imprints as well as works printed in Spain 1969 Jndex. Subiect arrangement with author apand elsewhere related to Latin America. Editors and proach Subject headings in Spanish with English translators are mentioned and reference is made to equivalents. Lists over 300 periodicals.

— ; 51. Indice historico espanol. Barcelona,

46. Historia y bibliografia de las primeras 1953-. Quarterly.

imprentas rioplatenses, 1700-1850: M1I- One of the most extensive bibliographies in Spanish siones del Paraguay, Argentina, Uruguay, on this subject. Includes books, pamphlets, and articles por Guillermo Furlong. B.A., 1953-1959. published in western Europe and the Americas. The

v. 1-3 Un progress). illu ma Latin American section is devoted primarily to the C t ts: t iP L BTess t a Pi . del Spanish-speaking countries. Particularly valuable for Para say 5 06-1927 Laine venta en Cérdoba 17 é 5 the period from 1492 to 1825. Major sections: General

1767. La im renta en Buenos ‘Aires 1780-1784: t 2 works, History of Spain, Spanish World, and other

La it P B Aj 1785-1807: t. 3. La tetitories. Contains annotated entries by experts,

imprenta en Buenos Aires "TR08-1810 La impre nia With references to critical reviews. Author and subject en Montevideo, 1807-1810. Intended as a survey of indexes.

printing in Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay from 52. Inter-American Cultural Council. Com1700 to 1850. Detailed bibliographical information as mittee for Cultural Action. Lista de libros well as biobibliographical notes on authors and printers. representativos de Am érica. Washin gton,

47. Historiografia y bibliografia american- 1959. 364 p. |

ista. Sevilla. 1955. Annual. Publicaci- Representative books of the Americas, arranged al-

; de | E | d Est di Hj phabetically by country and then by author. For each

mMericanos de sevilla). and criticism.

Ame - € la de S. a | in) STUGIOS FAISPANO Work gives full bibliographical information, a summary,

Offprint of the bibliographical section of the Anuario . . .

de Estudios Americanos, compiled by Francisco Mor- 59> International Congress of Hispanists. ales Padrén. Includes bibliographical studies, critical Libros hispanicos en lengua original y en reviews of the year’s scholarly works in Spanish signed traduccién holandesa impresos en los by specialists, and book notices. The bibliography lists s . . arti: so monographs and periodical articles, topically arranged Paises Bajos en los SI glos xvi-xvill. Cata with annotated entries. It also reviews a limited num- logo [de la] €Xposicion en el aula magna

ber of items in Portuguese. de la Universidad con motivo del Segun-

BIBLIOGRAPHIES: GENERAL 1 | do Congreso de la Asociacién Inter- nos existentes en la Biblioteca Publica de nacional de Hispanistas. Prologo: J. H. la Universidad. 1791-1861. La Plata,

Terlingen. Nimuegen, 1965. 39 p. 1934. 231 p.

About 150 Spanish works in the original and in Dutch A catalog of periodical holdings in the Library of the translations printed in the Netherlands inthe sixteenth, | University. Complete bibliographical information for

dactic, religious, lit ,andt l . . . . . ge . seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries. Includes di- eachentry.

, [ an. —. Los Angeles. Monthly. Seon ater ati Ameria jn periodical erature

ences, 1840-1937: a union list of their Published by the Center of Latin American Studies of publications available in libraries of the | the University of California at Los Angeles. Abstracts United States and Canada. N.Y., 1938. of about 150 articles in each issue, chosen from 300

229 p periodicals published in the United States and abroad.

“Edited by Winifred Gregory under the auspices of 60. Latin America in Soviet writings: a the Bibliographical Society of America.” A union list bibliography. Baltimore. 1966. 2 v. (His-

of international congresses’ publications in the li- : : ger 1 4)y braries of the United States and Canada. Alphabetical panic Foundation Pp ublications 1-2).

arrangement by name of congress or conference. Omits Edited by Robert G. Carlton. Supersedes the work diplomatic congresses and conferences and those with the same title published in 1959. Contents: v. I, sponsored by the League of Nations. Subject index. 1917-1958; v. 2, 1959-1964.A classified bibliography Latin America is represented under the headings Cen- Of nearly 9,000 Russian books, translations, and petral America, Latin America, South America, and riodical articles, including references to reviews. Titles

Spanish America. in transliterated Russian and English. Each volume divided into 25 chapters, with editorial notes, appen-

55. Jones, Cecil. Knight. A bibliography of dives and language indexes by autor by subject. rovers . . La: politics and government, andandliterature, forLatin American bibliograp hies. 2. ed. TeV. eign relations, travel, society and social conditions, and enl. by the author with the assistance — and economics. Annual statistics of Soviet writings on

1 Series . _

of James A. Granier. Washington, 1942. Latin America.

iw icon? of Congress. Latin 61. | atin American research review. Austin, Ist edition published 1922 under title Hispanic Amer- 4 ra ical founded “to achieve greater and more ican bibliographies. Geographical arrangement by .. tematic communication of research among indicp antry. Cover f piblographies, conective piptogra: viduals and institutions concerned with the study of

l...

; emia we , ar in almost every issue. Some of its regular sections are

pies, histories of iterature, general and miscellancous, ayn America.” Publishes a bibliographical survey

wih cescniptive annotations, on books and periodical Cyrrent Research Inventory Projects, Institutional

Aarlicles. News, New and Suspended Periodicals, and Libraries . ; . and Archives. Provides a geographical index for curene etude 3 bt venice Arsrericay hictory. rent research in each issue. Indispensable.

N.Y., 1920. 451 p. 62. Leavitt, Sturgis E. Revistas hispano-

General organization: works on Hispanic America in americanas: indice bibliografico, 1843general, followed by works on individual countries or 1935. Recopilado con la colaboraci6on de states. Lists bibliographies, serial publications, includ- Madaline W. Nichols y Jefferson Rea ing those of learned and civic Santi Chile. 1960. collections either societies of documents or institutions, of standardSpell. works, pe: de - antiago ae ; 589 ie, _ p. ; and monographs. It is not annotated, but singles out “4 Classified annotated index covering 56 Spanish authoritative or fundamental works. Outdated, but “4Merican periodicals. Emphasis is on literature, lin-

er4: 343-417. ° . a 6‘

still useful for retrospective materials. guistics, and folklore, but useful to the historian. Ap; ; pended is a list of United States libraries that hold 57. Konetzke, Richard. Literaturbericht complete sets of the periodicals indexed.

vet eschichte CMTE Ver- 63. Levi, Nadia. Guia de publicaciones perd Set | 160° 34 ate 59. HZ. Son- iddicas de universidades latinoamericanA survey of European historiography on Latin Amer- B. «on | colaboracion de wana wie

ica from 1945 to 1959. Special attention given to bib- aSSO, OseliNa WLOTales y ’ ngela Jar. liographies and special aspects of colonial history of Mexico, 1967. 406 Pp. (Union de Univer-

Spanish America and Brazil. In addition there are sidades de América Latina. Hemeroteca

references to works on the Independence and appraisal Universitaria Latinoamericana). of the historiography of individual Latin American Arranged alphabetically by country and then under

countries. faculty, school, institute, or university. Lists 1,068

58. La Plata. Universidad Nacional. Biblio- ttles in a variety of subjects. Full bibliographical data.

teca. Catalogo de periddicos sudamerica- 64. El Libro Espanol: revista mensual.

12 REFERENCE Enero, 1958—. Madrid, 1958-. Monthly; cludes general works only, stressing the eighteenth

biweekly. illus century. Succeeding volumes will cover individual

An amalgamation of Bibliografia hispdnica and Nove- countries.

dades editortales Libros 69, Marchant, Alexander N. derepublics: A. Boundei mes. Followsespanoias the samewith planitsassupplement the Bibliografia, aries of the Latin American with the first half devoted to the book trade world; and an annotated list of docum ate. 1 193,

the second half a biweekly list of new books, with : 0 ents,

yearly author, title, and subject indexes. 1943. Washington, 1944. 386 p. (U.S. , a Dept. of State. Publication 2082. Inter65. Libros en venta en Hispanoamérica y American series 24) Espana. Un Servicio informativo Prep. Intended to list the sources in which documents are bajo la direccion de Mary C. Turner. available and so to present material as to indicate the

N.Y., 1964-. correlation of documents. It is a guide to the material,

The equivalent in Spanish of Books in print. Lists not a diplomatic history . .. nor a history of boundaries 87,750 titles published in Spain, the United States, alone.” Introduction in English, Spanish, and Portuand Latin America, arranged in three sections by guese. The documents are arranged chronologically in author, title, and subject. The bibliographical informa- Part | and by boundary in part 2. Bibliography: p.

Very useful. : , ~ tion includes prices in local currencies when available. 355-386.

; a 70. Matos, Antonio, ed. Guia a las resenas

66. List of doctoral dissertations in history de libros de y sobre Hispanoamérica. A now in progress or completed at univer- guide to reviews of books from and about sities in the United States, 1909—. Wash- Hispanic America. Rio Piedras, P.R..,

ington, 1909-. Irregular. 1965. 311 p.

Publisher varies: American Historical Association, Organized alphabetically by author of book reviewed.

1947-. Formerly entitled List of doctoral disserta- According to the editor, 248 periodicals were con-

tions in history now in progress at the chief American sulted between 1960 and 1964: 177 in Spanish, 80 in Universities, edited by John F. Jameson and published — English, and | in Portuguese. ‘Only reviews in Span-

by the Carnegie Institution. Current title adopted in ish or English of books in the fields of social sciences 1958. Arranged by historical subdivisions with author and the humanities are used. Reviews of reprints or

and university indexes. translations into Spanish of books outside of our interest have been excluded.” There is a list of peri-

67. London. University. University College. ©dicals consulted.

Library. A London bibliography of the 71. Medina, José T. Biblioteca hispano-

social sciences being the subject cata- americana, 1493-1810. Santiago de

logue of the British library of political Chile, 1898-1907. 7 v.

and economic science at the school of Reprinted (Amsterdam, 1958-1962). An excellent economics, the Goldsmith’s library of bibliography of 8,481 titles by Americans or Span. litliterature t t the University of iards who lived in America and wrote about it. Also economic a c y books written in Spanish or Latin printed in Spain or London, the libraries of the Royal Sta- any other part of the world by Spaniards or Americans, tistical Society and the Royal Anthro- and books published on the Peninsula regardless of pological Institute and certain special nationality or language. Many biographical notes and

T . Uni ‘tv Coll Lon- references to sources and libraries housing the works do ees at h nhiversily 7 4 vg th described. Alphabetical index.

on and elisewnere, Compiled under e woe . .

direction of B. M. HeadicarandC. Fuller, 72: Metford, J. C. J. British contributions to

With an introd. by Sidney Webb. Lon- Spanish and Spanish American studies.

don. 1931— London, 1950. 86 p.

International in scope, including all types of materials. “ bibliography, with Sments. from the sixteenth The use of subject headings varies throughout, but Century to mid-twentieth century.

aterials relating to specific locations are . 5 a. ;

changes are inercated by cress references and noes 73. Morner, Magnus. Swedish contributions

under the topic without geographical subdivision. to the historical bibliography of Latin America. HAHR. v. 34, 1954: 393-398.

68. Madrid. Biblioteca Nacional. Secci6n de Extends coverage beyond history, to materials on the Hispanoamérica. Catalogo de obras ibero- social and natural sciences.

americanas y filipinas de la Biblioteca 74. Newberry Library. Chicago. Edward E. Nacional de Madrid, por Luisa Cuesta y Ayer Collection. Catalog of the Edward

Modesta Cuesta. Madrid, 1953-. (Cata- E. Ayer collection of Americana and logos de archivos y bibliotecas). American Indians. Boston, 1961. 8 v.

An alphabetical listing of 3,364 items with subject A reproduction of the Ayer dictionary catalog, exindex, compiled by Luisa and Modesta Cuesta. In- cluding the Indian, Philippine, and Hawaiian collec-

BIBLIOGRAPHIES: GENERAL 13 tions. Lists over 90,000 items. Good coverage of the publicaciones periddicas actuales latinoearly discoveries and explorations, the American In- americanas. Directory of current Latin

dian, missionaries travel, car-perlodicais. A . ‘odical Ré . deS tography, etc. Includes and manytheir itemsmissions, related to Latin Merican epertoire

American history. périodiques en cours publiés en Amer75. New York. Public Library. Reference Mr onrachical Randbe coer. (UNESCO ee knee Bone alog of ne history of Directory of current Latin American periodicals ar-

. . 9 BAM - ranged by Universal Decimal Classification and then

Reproduction of the author-subject catalog of the by title under each number. Includes 3,375 items. For american eee Room ane aaencas eachcy, periodical gives (1) address, date of founding, (2) frequen: rom the earliest limes covering to the present. Nearly 6UU, and (3) publisher’s if known. Geographica

articles in the History Room and elsewhere In the LI- , we brary. Particularly strong on the American Indian; 80. Peraza Sarausa, Fermin, comp. Bibliemries Pee books. pamphiets, ane periodical and subject indexes in Spanish, French, and English.

political history pamphlets; and discovery, exploration, ografia sobre publicaciones oficiales de

and settlement. la América latina. Gainesville, 1964. 251, 76. Palau y Dulcet, Antonio. Manual del li- _ (Biblioteca del bibliotecario 70). mimeo. brero hispano-americano: bibliografia A listing of Latin American official publications with

general espanola e hispano-americana some annotations.

desde la invencién de la imprenta hasta 81. Peraza Sarausa, Fermin, comp. Biblinuestros tiempos con el valor comercial grafias corrientes de la America latina. de los impresos descritos. 2. ed. corr. y 1964-. Gainesville, 1964-. (Biblioteca

_Barcelona, del bibliotecario 1948-1965. 65). mimeo. aum. por el autor. 9. v. 1-17 Un progress). A useful annotated bibliography of Latin American Comprehensive alphabetical listing of materials pub- etna bibhographies. in the first Peaks 0 Am nies, lished in Spain and Spanish America from the inven- th ‘alter arran ° 4b broad sabre. cts The se oad se Cc.

tion of printing to mid-twentieth century. Arranged by € Ie devot 7, f al bibli a ies db

author or by title in the case of anonymous publica- '07 tri evoted to national oibliograpnies, arranged OY tions. Among the works included are psuedonymous COUnITIES.

books, pamphlets and broadsides. Sales price of rare §2, Revista de historia de América. 1938-.

items. (First edition, 1923-1927.) México, 1938—-. Semiannual.

77. Pan American Union. Columbus Me- Published by the Pan American Institute of Geog‘al Librarv. Index to Latin American raphy and History. Contains two bibliographical secmoria . ; y- tions: one of book reviews signed by specialists; anperiodical literature, 1929-1960. Boston, | other a classified inventory of books, pamphlets, and 1962. 8 v. periodical articles on Latin American history and relaA joint project of the Pan American Union, the New ted fields. (Referred to in this Guide as RHA).

York Public Library, and G. K. Hall. Edited by Jorge g3 Revista interamericana de bibliografia: Grossmann. Thebut periodicals of I A ; f bibli h Latin American origin, many are fromindexed the United are nter-.chiefly merican review OF.DIONOgrapny. States and other parts of the world. Includes national Washington, 195 1—. Quarterly. official gazettes, which are good sources for current Frequency varies. Supersedes Pan American Booklaws, legislation, and other official acts of the various shelfand LEA. Published by the Pan American Union. countries. Gives preference to articles on the social Includes bibliographical articles, bibliographies, book sciences and the humanities. Alphabetically arranged reviews, notes, and news. A special section is devoted

by subject and author. to the publications of the OAS and its special agencies.

. ; In the classified bibliographical section materials

78. Pan American Union. Columbus Me- _ listed are selected from new acquisitions at the Colummorial Library. List of books accessioned bus Memorial Library, the Library of Congress, the

and periodical articles in the University Agricultural Library, Harvard University Library, : . .indexed Columbia Library, and the National Li-

ton, -, monthly Guidenotice as of RIB). Up-to-date accessions; useful par- . .

ca eos Memorial Library. Washing- brary of Venezuela. Annual index. (Referred to in this

ticularly for the regular section “Documents of the 84. Rubin, Selma F., comp. Survey of inOAS and Publications of the Pan American Union.” vestigations in progress in the field of Document numbers and call numbers are given. Title Latin American studies compiled for the varies. In 1950-1951 listed monographs only; since Inter-American Bibliographical and LiFeb. 1951 divided into two parts—one for monob A orand the theFan Pan A. graphs, the other for periodical articles. Items arranged rary ssociation American

alphabetically by author. Union. Washington, 1965. 103 p. ; . . Classified under 17 topical headings. For each entry 79. Pan American Union. Repertorio de gives name of researcher, title of research project,

14 REFERENCE “M” or “‘D” for a master’s thesis or doctoral disserta- vetustissima: ultimas adiciones. Madrid, tion, institutional affiliation or address of researcher, 1960. 2 v. illus. maps.

anticipated date of completion, and number of years . ae roa: project has been in progress. Country and author in- " " Comentario critico € indice

dexes. Previous surveys were published in 1927, 1930, general cronologico. Madrid, 1960. 79 p. 1935, 1937, 1947, 1953, 1956, 1959, and 1962. The first two of these volumes bring up to date the

Harrisse bibliography of the same title. Contain fac-

85. Sabin, Joseph. Dictionary of books re- _ similes of works and numerous maps through 1551. lating to America, from its discovery to 21° Harrigse ‘volumes and the two now volunice by the present time. Begun by Joseph Sabin, ganz Includes a synoptic and chronological table, and continued by Wilberforce Eames for with bibliographical data and information on how to the Bibliographical Society of America. locate each work in the main set.

N.Y., Sabin, 1868-1892; Bibliographical 90, Spain. Consejo Superior de Investigaci-

Society of America, 1928-1936. 29 v. ones Cientificas. Publicaciones del ConReprinte illus. 4 terdam. 1961-1962).-1962). Often k b sejo Superior deby Investigaciones Cientimsterdam, en known ._:

its half-title: Bibliotheca Americana. A valuable bibli- _, 1C@S, 1940-1964. Madrid, 1964. 622 p.

ography of books, pamphlets, and periodicals printed Lists publications of the many institutes under the in the Western Hemisphere, and works related to it sponsorship of the Conseso that form a very considerprinted elsewhere. Over 100,000 entries. Author ar- ab © Pato Spanish scholarly production for the period rangement, with exception of anonymous works, which covered.

entry gives full title, imprint, format, and paging. Many . . 7

ont entered Dy nie: Place t form also usted Pon each 91. Stevens, Henry. Catalogue of the Amerbibliographical notes and references sources as well as ican books in the library of the British

location of copies. Museum at Christmas MDCCCLVI.

; , London, 1866. 4 pts. in I v.

86. Sable, Martin H., ed. A guide to Latin Part 4 of this work is a catalog of Mexican and other American studies. Los Angeles, 1967.2 Spanish American and West Indian books. 62 p.

FO ersity oF aoroe. ae Amer- 92. Subject guide to microforms in print, Designed as a successor to Latin America in pen- | 962/63-. Albert sames Diaz, ed. Washodical literature. (1962-1963). The bibliographical ington, 1962-. Annual. section, interdisciplinary in approach, includes 5,024 A classified approach to Guide to microforms in print,

annotated entries. The work focuses on bibliography. /96/-, which lists in alphabetical order microform Historical section arranged by periods. Comprehen- publications for sale. Theses and dissertations are

sive indexes by subject and by author. not included. 87. Salva y Pérez, Vicente. Catalogo de la 93. Texas. University. Institute of Latin biblioteca de Salva, escrito por Pedro American Studies. Seventy-five years of Salva y Mallen, y enriquecido con la Latin American research at the Univerdescripcion de otras muchas obras, de sity of Texas. Austin, 1959. 67 p. (Latin sus ediciones, etc. Valencia, 1872. 2 v. American studies 18).

illus. Includes master’s theses and doctoral dissertations

Reprinted (Barcelona, 1963). Catalog of the Salva li- from 1893 to 1958 as well as works on Latin America brary of publications from the sixteenth to the mid~ from 1941 to 1958.

nineteenth centuries. Classified arrangement, with 94 [United Nations. Dag Hammarskjéld Lidetailed annotations. Separate index compiled by . . Gabriel Molina Navarro (1913). brary. Documents Index Unit. United

; . Nations documents index. Jan., 1950-.

88. Sanchez Alonso, Benito. Fuentes de la N_Y.. 1950-.

historia espanola e hispanoamericana. 3. partially a continuation of Checklist of United Nations ed. corr. y puesta al dia. Madrid, 1952.3 = documents, 1946-49. Includes United Nations docuv. (Publicaciones de la Revista de Fil- ments and publications received by the Documents

ologia Espafiola) Index Unit. Gives information on origin, subject mat-

A scholarly bibliography of Spanish and Spanish ter, and Gountry or area invo ved. As of v.83,

American history. Focuses on political history from lati h b y bli hed: (1) " ki d (2) sub

early times through 1950. Includes books and peri- ann, cen published: 1) checklist and \ epoca 2. Mexican history and to describe published diplomatic

enero-marzo, 1950-. Mexico, 1904-. collections of importance. [S.R.] Arranged by the Universal Dewey Classification. oo. Features articles on Latin American bibliography. 259. Ramos, Roberto. Bibliografia de la

“Bibliografia mexicana,” a regular section of the historia de México. México, 1956. 722 p.

. a. . oye bli la Revoluci6n Mexi , thi id

Boletin, serves as a guide to current publications. Omitting entries that appear in the same compiler’s

254. Mexico. Comision de Estudios Militares. Piledee vatightly lese thon 5,000 entncs covering Biblioteca del Ejército. Apuntes para una Mexican history from prehispanic times to 1955. The bibliografia militar de México, 1536—_ bibliography is ordered alphabetically by author. It

1936. México, 1937. 469 p. correlates SRT with the holdings of the Biblioteca

Edited by M. C. Néstor Herrera G6mez and Silvino LOW. vary Gonzalez. 2 titles 1, on cover wrexican 260. Teixidor, history“most of which themitnineteenth an Felipe. . aa Bibliografia del agratwentieth centuries. Index of authors and translators. Nismo en Mexico hasta 1930. BBNM. 2. €poca, v. 6, oct.-dic., 1955: 3-40. 255. Mexico. Direccién de Archivo Militar. Unannotated, but extensive bibliography on Mexican

Guia del Archivo Histérico Militar de agrarismo, covering the colonial period as we as ne México. Prélogo de Vito Alessio Robles. rsa er ianeter as centuries. Arranged alpha-

v. 1. México, 1948-. 385 p. (Archivo his- yore 7 BC

térico militar mexicano 4). 261. Veinticinco anos de investigacion his-

652 p. ;

Lists 2,757 items dealing with military operations, ad- torica en México: I. CM/HM. v. 15: ministration, and personnel during the period 1821- 2/3, oct. 1965/marzo 1966: 155-445.

1847. [L.M.] Contains ten historical articles by specialists, each . . 7 with its own bibliography. The majority of the bibliog256. Mexico. Dir ecclon General de Geogra- raphies are extensive and annotated. The work covers fia y Meteorologia. Bibliografia geografica the period 1940 to 1965.

de México: recopilacién y ordenamiento

de Angel Bassols Batalia. México, 1955. n. Panama

An exhaustive bibliography on the historic, physical, 262. Herrera, Carmen D. de, comp. Lista and economic geography of Mexico. Classified ar- bibliografica de los trabajos de gradua-

rangement with geographical and author indexes. cidn y tésis presentados en la Universi-

257. Millares Carlo, Agustin, and José Ig- dad. 1939-1960. Panama, 1960. 186 p. nacio Mantecén. Ensayo de una biblio- Arranged by faculty and then by schools. A contri: grafia de bibliografias im- ution to and the Bibliographic Seminar of Central . ws aemexicanas ca, the (La Caribbean, Panama (México, 1960).Ameri-

prenta, el libro, las bibliotecas, etc.). ; —_ México, 1943. 224 p. (Biblioteca de la 263. Panama (City). Biblioteca Nacional.

del periodismo). Pp. .

II Feria del libro y exposicién nacional prbliogratia panamena. Panama. 1953.

Until the publication of the monumental work by Luis | Books, pamphlets, and documents printed in Panama Gonzalez y Gonzalez and others, this was the best during the twentieth century. In addition there are ocwork of its kind. It consists of some 2,000 entries of | Casional titles about Panama published abroad. The books and articles. The key sections include general rangement is alphabetical. American bibliographies with references to Mexico; Mexican bibliographies, studies on the press and jour-

nalism, catalogs of libraries, editorial houses and book o. Paraguay stores, etc. Organization is by subject and within these 264, Asuncién. Biblioteca Nacional. Biblio-

byadditions alphabetical ordering of[S.R. authors. A paraguayabrief volume fi 41age de ala1D110Bibli of appeared in 1944. ] gratia catalogo

; . ; teca Paraguaya “Solano Lopez.’’ Asun-

258. Millares Carlo, Agustin, and José Ig- cidn, 1906. 984 p.

nacio Mantecoén. Repertorio bibliografico The only published catalog of the Solano Lépez lide los archivos mexicanos y de las colec- brary. A valuable feature is the indexing of names in ciones diplomaticas fundamentales para >0°°ks and documents. [ H.W. ]

la historia de México. México, 1948. 265. Clagett, Helen L. A guide to the law

I8 REFERENCE and legal literature of Paraguay. Wash- iores. Departamento de Archivo y Biblio-

ington, 1947. 59 p. (U.S. Library of teca. Catalogo de la mapoteca (del siglo Congress. Latin American series 14). 16 al siglo 20). Lima, 1957. 512 p. maps.

While technical and of limited value for the historian, A descriptive catalog of the maps housed in the map

this guide is indispensable within its field. division of the Peruvian Foreign Office. Arranged

. . ae chronologically from the sixteenth century to date.

SOCIOLOLZICA e araguay. SunCcION, 1965 35 p puay 273.En Porras Barrenechea, Raul. ,Fuentes

266. vaeisee ke, steno La pibliogratia Includes maps of Peru and some general maps.

A bibliographical essay published under the auspices historicas peruanas. Lima, 1963. 601 p. of the Centro Paraguayo de Estudios Socioldgicos. illus., maps. Covers the development of sociology in Paraguay A distinguished guide to the sources of Peruvian his-

from 1870 to date. tory, at once a contribution to historiography and

bibliography, with a substantial section on the colonial

p. Peru period. First published in Lima, 1954. [J.L.]

267. Anuario bibliografico peruano. 1943-. 274. Tauro, Alberto. Bibliografia peruana de

Lima, 1945-. Annual. historia, 1940-1953. Lima, 1953. 208 p.

An exceptionally good national bibliography. Includes A_ great deal of critical and reliable analysis is conall types of publications printed in Peru and related tained in this study by one of Peru’s leading historians. to the country but published abroad. Classified ar- A Primer suplemento to the Bibliografia appeared in rangement with indexes of authors, periodicals, print- the RHL, v. 22, 1955-1956: 361-461. The suppleers, corporate names, etc. Gives statistical informa- Ment dealt with books and pamphlets published from tion on the book production of the previous year. Sep- 1940 to 1953 and not treated in the original study, as arate sections on periodicals and newspapers, and Well as with works published between 1935 and 1939, on Peruvian authors who died during the years cov- and 1954 and 1956. [F.P.]

ree with complete biobibliographical information 275. Tauro, Alberto. Guia de estudios his-

a ; _ toricos. Lima, 1955. 109 p.

268. Arguedas, José M. Bibliografia del Reprinted from Boletin bibliogrdfico, v. 25, no. 1-4. folklore peruano. México, 1960. 186 p. A bibliography of periodical articles supplementing (Instituto Panamericano de Geografia e the author’s Bibliografia peruana de historia.

Historia. Comision de Historia 230). 276. Vargas Ugarte, Rubén. Manual de es-

A valuable bibliography listing 1,809 items, dating tudios peruanistas. 4. ed. Lima, 1959. from 1905 to 1955. Organized by general ethnographic 455 p

categories. Author and subject index. This edition is an expansion and revision of the first, 269. Arguedas, José M., and Horacio Bonilla published in 1939 under ttle Historia del Pert. Mayata Bibliografia de los treinta tomos Fuentes. Treats materials on the history, bibliography, delaR my deldeMuSe€O Nac} INaclonal. | RMN religion, literature and and language, sciences, etc. € la Kevista - of Peru. Descriptive critical social comments with refer-

v. 30, 1961: 395-416. ences to sources. ‘“‘Discusses archives, libraries,

A bibliography of the first thirty volumes of RMN _~ manuscript collections, published documents, and infrom its inception in 1931. Covers history, ethnology, dividual historical writings.”

folklore, and geography. Arranged by subject, then , alphabetically by thon, . yages’ 277. Vargas Ugarte, Rubén. Suplemento a

eras la Biblioteca peruana. BB. ano 33, dic.,

270. Biblioteca Peruana. Apuntes para un 1960: 3-49

catalogo de IMpTresos. Ed. de Gabriel Additions to the author’s well-known Biblioteca peruRenée Moreno. Santiago de Chile, 1896. ana. Bibliographical information on manuscript col-

2 V. lections related to Peruvian history, mostly of the

Important work, with fully annotated entries. V. 1 lists | Colonial period, but reaching up to 1839. books and pamphlets from the Library of the National

Institute. V. 2 includes books and pamphlets from the q. Puerto Rico National Library in addition to bibliographical notes.

271. Lima. Universidad Mayor de San Mar- 278. Anuario bibliografico puertorriqueno:

cos. Biblioteca. Boletin Bibliografico indice alfabético de libros, folletos, re-

Lima. 1923- , vistas y periddicos publicados en Puerto

Contains books, pamphlets, periodical articles, lists Rico durante | 948- comp. por Gonzalo of periodicals, and special bibliographies. Records Velazquez. Rio Piedras, 1950-. Annual. general and specialized current Peruvian bibliography, Alphabetically arranged author, titles, and subject; within and without the country. Full bibliographical annual bibliography of books, pamphlets, and periodi-

information. cals, with a directory of publishers.

272. Peru. Ministerio de Relaciones Exter- 279. Bird, Augusto. Buibliografia puerto-

BIBLIOGRAPHIES: SPECIALIZED 29

. a , . _ , oletin also reports rather

rriquefia de fuentes para investigaciones Pibliosraphical seeuon The sn bjects as yon as a sma

. . acquisitions of the Academia. It is, therefore, a pri-

sociales, 1930-1945. Rio Piedras, 1946- — fully on the activities and documentary collections and An extensive classified bibliography of books and mary source for information about the Academia’s periodicals on Puerto Rico. Includes materials on holdings. This index to the entire collection of the natural history, anthropology, geography, economics, Boletin from its first issue in 1912 until the 188th

and political science. issue 1n 1964 is a very valuable guide to the varied . . o1 4: information in the journal. It is composed of an index 280. Pedreira, Antonio S. Bibliografia of authors, subjects, and principal themes plus a suppuertorriquena, 1493-1930. Madrid, plementary index of illustrations published in the 1932. 709 p. (Monografias de la Uni- journal. The index was compiled by Oscar Sambrano

versidad de Puerto Rico 32. Estudios Urdaneta. [J.V.L.]

hispanicos 1). . | . 286. Anuario bibliografico venezolano, Useful bibliographical guide— forthe entreinperiod in- 1942-.with Caracas, : , Subject. ICIS ESpe€Issued two volumes; v. 11944-. listingIrregular. materials pubPuewto Rico | Gxr subject of slavery in Cuba and jighed in Venezuela, and v. 2, those printed abroad.

, o™ Includes books, pamphlets, government publications, periodical articles, etc. Classified arrangement, with a

r.U ruguay achonary, index of authors, subjects, and titles, and another of publishers. 281. Anuario bibliografico uruguayo, 1946- ,

Annual. Nation , , 194 108 2 suayo, 2 287. Sanchez, Manuel S. Obras. Caracas, 9. Montevideo, 1947-1951. v. 1-3. 1964. 2 v. (Banco Central de Venezuela

No more published. A bibliography arranged by sub- Coleccion Cua tricentenario de Caracas).

ject with author index, based on the legal deposit. Manuel Segundo Sanchez (1868-1945) was the best Lists books and pamphlets. For each entry, gives com- 224 most ambitious bibliographer Venezuela has ever

a ; , contains 1, itles of works abou

plete bibliographical information, except prices. nee ey oe 3 oer asia e enezolanista 282. Bibliografia uruguaya. Montevideo, Venezuela. These included works by foreigners and Biblioteca Legislativo, 1962-. by Venezuelans in any language. of the items . _del. Poder re annotated as well. In addition to thisMany work, whic Montevideo, 1962-. 3 issues a year. is a more or less definitive survey of Venezolana as of

Alphabetical bibliography by author of books, pam- 4 “

hlets.ments, and docu : tad periodicals odi ; d 1914, Sanchez published a long seriesthemes. of articles on pniets, exciuding an various Venezuelan bibliographical The two

serials. Indexes of titles, publishers, authors, and gen- — volumes of his works published by the Banco Central eral fields according to the Dewey Decimal Classifi- jn 1964, contain all of Sanchez’ major contributions to

. edro Grases on the life and work of Sanchez is at

cation. Gives prices and biographical information on Venezuelan bibliography. The extensive prologue by

: , . J.V.L.

. . volume containing the index of authors and titles. An Chronological record of the history of printing in . . . Montevideo during the period specified in the title. 288. Texas. University. Library. Recent

283. Estrada, Dardo. Historia y bibliografia tne beginning of Vv. K anere is a curd. unauimperee

“c Pe Mant anes 12 318 1810- omtstanaing contribution to Venezuelan bibliography.

284. Musso Ambrosi, Luis A. Bibliografia \Cnezuelan acquisitions of the Latin

de bibliografias uruguayas. Montevideo, fin. 1965- Onecton. 7 > £AUS-

Over 600 items divided into 27 sections. Inctudes Alphabetical listing by author within a general classi bibliographies, works with bibliographical data, dic- ued arrangement. Full bibliographical information for

tionaries, biobibliographies, and bibliographical jour- y nals. The indexing is good; easy to handle. [M.V.] 289. Waxman, Samuel M. A bibliography of

of the belles-lettres of Venezuela. Cams.yVenezuela bridge, Mass., 1935. 145 p. (Bibliogra285. Academia Nacional de la Historia, o(Pitestiny bet deied, the book covers he cabject Caracas. Indice general del Boletin, very well to the 1930’s. This rare example of a com1912-1964, nos. 1-188. Caracas, 1966. prehensive bibliography of a Venezuelan theme

275 p. covers literature, literary criticism, and history of

The Boletin of the Academia is one of the most im- literature. [J.V.L.] portant journals published in Venezuela. Its principal

value to historians is the long series of documents it 4. Specialized has published on various phases of Venezuelan his-

tory. In addition, the Boletin carries numerous articles 290. Alisky, Marvin. Latin American jour-

30 REFERENCE nalism bibliography. México, 1958. 59 p. brary Association. Publications. Series

A brief annotated bibliography of materials related to 1, v. 5). mass communications in Latin America. The titles A helpful listing, of fewer than 1,000 items. listed are largely English. [J.B.W. |

291. American Geographical Society of New 298- Borchard, Edwin M. Guide to the law

York. Library. Research catalogue. and legal literature of Argentina, Brazil

Boston, 1962. 15 v. maps. and Chile. Washington, 1917. 523 p.

A classified catalog in two parts: general and regional. This is a valuable guide to the law and legal literature

The latter covers North America, South America, of these countries to 1916. [J.C. ]

Europe, Africa, Asia, Australasia, Polar Regions, . . . Oceans, and Tropics. Includes books, pamphlets, pe- 299. Chase, Gilbert. A guide to music of

riodical articles, government documents, and maps. Latin America. 2. ed. rev. and enl. A The collection, begun in 1923, is particularly strong joint publication of the Pan American

in geographical periodicals. Union and the Library of Congress.

292. Bayitch, Stojan A. Guide to inter- Washington, 1962. 411 p. . .

American legal a selective bibliIst ed., 1945, published underin title A guide Latin &gstudies: oe : American music. The standard work the field.toGeoography of works in English. Coral graphical arrangement, with indexes by author and by Gables, Fla., 1957. 297 p. (Interamerican _ subject.

legal studies 1). ye ,

Arranged by subject and by country in two separate 300. Comas, Juan. Bibliogr afia selectiva de

bibliographies. las culturas indigenas de América. Méx293. Bazzanella, Waldemiro. Problemas de Pay 195 3. no d 7" P. afin (Unstituto urbanizacao na América Latina: fontes anamencano Ce "Jeogralla © Historia. bibliograficas. Rio, 1960. 123 p. (The Comision de _ Historia. Bibliografias

: e 5 : ° . ; 1 ).

Centro Latino-Americano de Pesquisas A classified bibliography involving 2,014 entries. em Ciencias Socials. Publicagao 2). Indexes by indigenous groups and by authors. In-

An annotated bibliography on the problems of urban- cludes works in various languages, but stresses En-

ization in Latin America. Includes books and periodi- __glish titles. cal articles dealing with sociology, geography, and his-

tory of urbanization. Of the 547 entries, 339 relate to 39]. Cox, Edward G. A reference guide to

Brazil. Index by author and by country. the literature of travel, including voyages, 294. Behrendt, Richard F. Modern Latin geographical descriptions, adventures,

America in social science literature. shipwrecks and expeditions. Seattle,

Albuquerque, 1949. 152 p. 1935-1949. 3 V. (University of Washing-

“A selected, annotated bibliography of books, pam- ton. Publications in language and literaphlets, and periodical articles in English in the fields ture 9-10, 12).

of economics, politics, and sociology.” Arranged by Contents: v. 1, the Old World; v. 2, the New World:

subject and by area. v. 3, Great Britain. A chronological listing, ‘‘from the

295. Bibli hi , higeograpnique . earliest internadate ascertainable toforeign and including the . bilonograpnhie year 1800, all thedown books on travels, voyages

tionale, 1891-. Paris, 1894—. Annual. and descriptions printed in Great Britain, together

Title and publisher vary. Considered the best current with translations from foreign tongues and continental bibliography in the field. International in scope. Classi- renderings of English works.”’ Author index. fied arrangement, with annotations and alphabetical

author index. 302. Einaudi, Luigi, and Herbert Goldhamer.

296. Blanksten, George I. Bibliography on An annotated bibliography | of sain Latin American politics and government. Moni i; y J S. RIB. v. 4, July-Sept., 1954: 191-214. onica, Calif., 1965. 84 p. (Rand CorA political science bibliography with emphasis on com- poration. Memorandum RM-4890-RC).

parative government. “Older works are included only Published and distributed by Rand Corporation. The when they are of lasting value, or of particular useful- = #™S of the bibliography as stated by the authors are ness in assessing current problems.” Lists books and _'© facilitate the study of Latin American military pamphlets only. Unannotated. For each entry, gives establishments” and to assemble a listing as complete

author. title and imprint , as possible of is current Latin American military , nals. The bibliography divided into two partsjourar“Ly: . ranged by countries. The first lists periodicals actually

297. Boggs, Ra S. Bibliography of Latin examined by the authors; the second, those they beAmerican folk ore. N.Y., 1940. 109 P- lieve “‘were recently in existence and are still being (Inter-American Bibliographical and Li- _ issued.” Also includes a list of discontinued journals.

BIBLIOGRAPHIES: SPECIALIZED 31 303. Grismer, Raymond L. A new bibli- from the colonial period to 1963. An appendix lists ography of the literatures of Spain and titles omitted from the text. Author index.

Spanish America, including many studies 308. Hulet, Claude L., ed. Latin American

on anthropology, archaeology, art, eco- prose in English translation: a_biblinomics, education, geography, history, ography. Washington, 1964. 191 p. (Basic law, music, philosophy, and other sub- bibliographies 1). jects. Minneapolis, 1941-1946. 7 v. An attempt to record all translations published through

Aimed as a replacement for the author’s two earlier August 1, 1962. Published by the Division of Philosbibliographies (1933, 1935) on the literatures of Spain Phy and Letters of the Pan American Union.

and Spanish America. Alphabetical arrangement by 399, International bibliography of eco-

author and subject, listing books, periodical articles, ; “141° hie i . le d and references to authors in collections. — homics. Bibliograp le oso p, ue

. , science économique, —, aris,

304. Harvard University. Bureau for Eco- 1955—. Annual 4

nomic Research in Latin America. Eco- Detailed classified bibliography of books, pamphlets, nomic literature of Latin America, aten- periodical articles, and official government publicatative bibliography. Cambridge, Mass., tions in several languages. Indexed by author and by

1935-1936. 2 v. subject in English and French.

An extensive bibliography of 12,520 unannotated 310. International bibliography of political items compiled by Clarence H. Haring, Miron Burgin, science. Bibli ographi e internationale de

J. F. Normano, and others. books, pam- . liti 1953—. Pari 1954phlets, and periodical articles Includes down to 1932. Geographscience politique, - Faris, ical arrangement by country or area, subdivided by Annual.

subject. Each volume has an author index. Covers One of the series of the international bibliography of Indian economy, colonial economy, economic condi- _ the social sciences. Publisher and series titles vary. In

tions since independence, travel, trade, transporta- English and French. Includes books, pamphlets, petion, communications, public finance, currency and _ riodical articles, and official government publications banking, capital migrations, and international eco- in several languages. Indexed by author and subject.

nomic relations. The appendixes provide information ; “TY: . on statistical reference materials on South America, 311. International bibliography of social

Mexico, and the Caribbean, and holdings of Latin and cultural anthropology. Bibliographie American economic literature in major libraries. internationale d’anthropologie sociale et 305. Hazlewood, Arthur. The economics of 0 culturelle. 199: = Paris, 195 S. Annual. under de veloped areas. an annotated social sciences. Lists basic bibliographic tools in the reading list of books, articles and official area. Classified subject arrangement, including all

oT _ 29 . ne of the annual bibliographies in the

publications. 2. ed. London, 1959. 156 p. _ types of materials, except unpublished works, articles ———. The economics of development: an _ in daily newspapers, etc., in many languages. Author

annotated list of books and articles pub- 24 subject index. _

lished 1958-1962. London, 1964. 104 p. 312. International bibliography of sociology. The first publication, which appeared originally in Bibliographie internationale de_ soci1954, is a classified bibliography of 1,027 entries, ologie. 1951-. Paris, 1952—. Annual.

with indexes of authors and places. Covers materials — pyblisher varies. In English and French. Classified

from 1930 to 1958. It is continued by the second bibliography of books, pamphlets, periodical articles, bibliography with identical arrangement, listing 732 and official government documents in practically all

Ne languages. Includes publications of many Latin Amer306. Hostilio Montenegro, Tulo. Bibliografia 1°49 countries. Indexes by author and by subject.

anotada de las principales fuentes de 313. Jones, Tom B., Elizabeth A. Warburton,

estadisticas sobre América _ Latina. and Anne Kingsley. A bibliography on

HLAS. v. 29, 1967: 613-639. South American economic affairs. Min-

Introductory survey on the problem of gathering Latin neapolis, 1955. 146 p. American statistics, their reliability and future pros- A listing of 10,000 articles from 299 periodicals in pects. In two parts: International and National. Full the nineteenth century, from the U.S., England bibliographical information with extensive annota- France, Austria, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Spain, tions. Extremely useful for up-to-date information. Peru, Argentina, and Ireland. The articles cover agri-

307. Hulet. Claude L.. ed. Latin American culture, commerce, communication, finance, immigra-

° i . a ° : eain ae tion, labor, mining, and transportation. poetry English translation: a_bibliography. Washington, 1965. 192 p.(Basic 314. King, James F. The negro in conti-

bibliographies 2). nental Spanish America: a select bibli-

Companion volume to the author’s Latin American ography. HAHR. v. 24, Aug., 1944:

prose in English translation (1964). Comprehensive 547-559.

32 REFERENCE “Concerned only with published materials specifically tions. English, German, French, Portuguese, Russian, relating to the Negro in mainland Spanish America.” 224 Spanish materials are listed.

Offers suggestions for further research. Lists 62 titles : :

from books and periodicals, with descriptive annota- 321. Santiago Vela, Gr egorio de. Ensayo de

tions. una biblioteca ibero-americana de la . Orden de San Agustin. Madrid, 1913315. Wisconsin. University. Land Tenure 1931. 8 v. é Center. Library . Agrarian reform and The entries are arranged alphabetically by author. land tenure: a list of source materials. Biobibliographical information is given when availMadison, 1965. 105 p. (Training and able. The work is based on the Catdlogo bio-biblio-

methods series 4) Pp. ( 8 grafico agustiniano by Bonifacio Moral. [J.B.W. |

“With special sections on agricultural finance, taxa- 322, Simon Diaz, José. Bibliografia de literation and agriculture, agricultural statistics and biblio- tura hispanica. Madrid, 1950-. (In prog-

graphical by countries and then °ress). ? " | ee by author.sources.”’ CompleteArranged bibliographical information.

Some entries are briefly annotated. An outstanding bibliography of all Hispanic litera_ tures. V. 1 includes books, periodical articles, theses,

316. Martinez Gomez, Luis. Bibliografia lectures, many references to book reviews, and, often, filos6fica espanola e hispanoamericana, locations in Spanish libraries. The section on Castilian

1940-1958. 500 language covers the literatures of Spain odBarcelona. © ? . Pp. 1961. and Latin America. V. 2,separately with 2,124 entries, describes

A classified bibliography of over 10,000 books and general bibliographies, biobibliographies, periodical articles. Author index. The materials listed first ap- indexes, etc. The remaining volumes are devoted to peared in the Spanish philosophical journal, Pensa- bibliographies of individual authors. Each volume has

miento. indexes by author, first lines of poems, libraries, and . : ‘ . subjects. For those who would prefer a more compact

317. Pan American Union. Dept. of Scienti- work, the author has published Manual de biblio-

fic Affairs. Guide to Latin American grafia de la literatura espanola (1963).

scientific and technical periodicals: an . , ;

annotated list. Washington, 1962. 187 p. 323. Sinclair, John A. Protestantism in

An annotated classified bibliography, with title index. Latin America: a bibliographical guide. Lists 1,141 current Latin American periodical and Austin, 1967. 213 p. serial publications. Complete data for each title. An excellent, much-needed guide containing 2,044

. . annotated entries. Part 1 lists bibliographic and gen318. Roberts, Henry, ed. Foreign affairs eral works on the Latin American area; Part 2 cites bibliography: a selected and annotated bibliographies, monographs, and periodicals dealing list of books on international relations, with Protestantism in two or more countries; and Part 1952-1962. N.Y., 1964. 750 p 3 lists similar titles by country. Addresses of archives Published for the Council on Foreign Relations. Pre- OF gussion boards dex 'D Wisk mm an appendix. In-

ceded by 3 other volumes covering materials from San aulnor index. | 12. Wisco

1919 to 1952. A select bibliography of the most out- ° ‘ .

standing books of the decade in the field of interna- 324. Smith, Robert C., and re aerhany Wilder,

tional relations. Describes monographs on general eds. A guide to the art of Latin America. international relations, the world since 1914, and the Washington, 1948. 480 p. (U.S. Library

world regions. of Congress. Latin America series 21).

° _° : 1 artic] blished prior to 1942.

319. Sable. Martin H. Periodicals for Latin Extensive bibliographical listing of books and periodi-

American economic development, trade, CAE BESS Peis’ priors and finance: an annotated bibliography. 325. Streit, Robert, ef a/., comps. Biblio-

Los Angeles, 1965. 72 p. (University of theca missionum. Munster i. W. [and California at Los Angeles. Latin Ameri- other imprints], 1916-.

can Center. Reference series 3). A continuing annotated bibliography of works related

Lists 220 English and Spanish language periodicals to the missionary efforts of the Roman Catholic

with full bibliographical data. Geographical, title, and | Church. V. 1 lists basic and general works, including

subject indexes. materials related to Latin America. V. 2 and 3 catalog

. American missionary literature for the years 1493-

320. Sable, Martin H., and M. Wayne 1699 and 1700-1909 respectively. V. 22 contains a Dennis. Communism in Latin America: a supplement to ‘4 and lists genera works of the years

bibliography, 1900-1945, 1960-1967. -1935. V. 23 continues the list of general works

‘ on . from 1936 to 1960. V. 24 includes a supplement to

Los Angeles, I 968. 220 p . bibl. (Univ €ir- _y. 2-3 and carries on the list of works related to the

sity of California. Latin American American missions from 1909 to 1924. V. 25 and 26 Center. Reference series 1-A). continue the bibliography of American mission litera-

A fairly comprehensive bibliography of books, pam- ture for 1925-1944 and 1944-1960 respectively. phlets, periodical articles, and government publica- [J.B.W.]

GUIDES TO MANUSCRIPTS 33 326. Topete, José Manuel. A working bibli- ae et itmation about the institution as. well ography of Latin American literature. St. as an indication of what can and what cannot be found

Augustine, Fla., 1952. 162 p. (Unter- there. [J.V.L.] American Dhograp meal and Library 332. British Museum. Dept. of Manuscripts. Arranged by country with exception of Brazil, which Catalogue of the ManuUscrip ts in the is not included. Covers bibliographies, literary his- Spanish language in the British Museum. tories, anthologies, criticism, translations, etc. Unan- Pascual de Gayangos y Arce, comp.

notated. Author index. London, 1875-1893. 4 v.

327. U.S. Librarv of Congress. Guides to Materials directly related to the Americas are listed the law and iegal literature Of [Latin in: 2(P 280, 307-528)and v. 4(p. 135-149). [J.B.W.]

American countries.] Washington, 1943— 333. Buenos Aires. Museo Historico Na-

1948. cional. Catalogo de documentos del

Lists translations into Spanish and Portuguese of Museo Historico Nacional. B.A., 1952.

English works on the subject. Volumes published: no. 3 Vv. 3, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and Haiti, 1944, 4 catalog of documents in the Argentine National 276 p.; no. 4, Colombia, 1943, 222 p.; no. 6, Mexico, Historical Museum dealing with a variety of subjects. 1945, 269 p.; no. 12, Bolivia, 1947, 110 p.; no. 13, The largest concentration is on President Sarmiento’s

80 hae 1G Venezuela, Ba 128 pono te mea administration. Detailed information on each docudor, 1947, 100 p.; no. 20, Peru, 1947, 188 p.; no. 26, Met Contents: vt, TOOS THOM v2, 1870-1879:

Uruguay, 1947, 123 p.; no. 28, Chile, 1917-1946, *~’ yin

1947, 103 p.; no. 32, Argentina, 1917-1946, 180 p. 334. Burrus, Ernest J. An introduction to

328. U.S. Library of Congress. Hispanic bibliographical tools in Spanish archives Law Division. Index to Latin American and manuscript collections relating to legislation, 1950-1960. Boston, 1961. Hispanic America. HAHR. v. 35, Nov.

7 vy. 1955: 443-483.

Contents: v. 1, Argentina-Cuba; v. 2, Dominican Re- D etailed description of guides to, and printed or manu-

public-Venezuela. Arranged by country and then by eet pndane bert , the archives of Seville, Madrid, subject. Index of national legislation published in the >!™ancas, and other Spanish cities, with suggestions

official gazettes. to students regarding their use.

335. Burrus, Ernest J. Research opportuni-

B. Guides to Manuscripts ties in Italian archives and manuscript 329. Argentine Republic. Ministerio de comections Aor Steen of i

Relaciones Exteriores y Culto. Catalogo 1950: 408- 163. » V. 27, “AUB.,

de documentos del Archivo de Indias en 7 ron i. , Sevilla referentes a la historia de la Valuable information on characteristics and organiza-

aon ; tion of Italian archives and manuscript collections,

Republica Argentina, 1514-1820. B.A., particularly those of Rome, Vatican City, Florence,

1901-1910. 3 v. and Bologna. It also covers the main research centers

A catalog of documents concerning the Rio de la in the field, and the most important archival missions Plata in the Archivo General de Indias. [J.L.] to Italy. Concludes with some practical suggestions

. Briceno Perozo, Mario. ivo de ; . ; -

330. Briceno P Mario. El Archi d for the Latin American researcher in that country.

la Academia Nacional de la Historia, 336. Calderon Quijano, Jose A., and Luis

Caracas, 1966. 43 p. Navarro Garcia. Guia de los documentos,

This little pamphlet is an outstanding introduction to mapas y planos sobre historia de Amerthe information contained in the Archivo of the Aca- ica y Espana moderna en la Biblioteca demia Nacional de Ja Historia. This institution has a Nacional de Paris, Museo Britanico y tremendous of documentary particuPublicIce R ddeOffi. de Lond SeViSevi larly relating amount to the nineteenth century, material, that has not uole NECOr LONCTEsS. been studied. Moreover, there are also many personal lla, 1962. 70 p. (Escuela de Estudios collections of papers donated by prominent Venezue- Hispano-Americanos de Sevilla. Publans. This guide is a valuable introduction to this ma- licaci6n 142). terial and to the operation of the Academia. [J.V.L.] a guide to Spanish and Spanish American materials

331. Bricefio Perozo, Mario. El Archivo 5 .\vines the records, history, organization, and rele. General de la Nacion. Caracas, 1965. vance of each depository. Lists catalogs and other

14 p. publications related to the manuscript collections. This short introduction to the history, collections, and . . organization of the Venezuelan National Archive is 337. Carrera Stampa, p Manuel. Archivalia

34 REFERENCE mexicana. México, 1952. 276 p. (Pub- siécle (1760-1807). Paris, 1914. 64 p. licaciones del Instituto de Historia). (Nouvelles archives des misions scien-

This small volume is a very important and highly use- tifiques et littéraires choix de rapports et ul guid {0 the archival depositories both im Mexico instructions, publié sous les auspices du erated by various segments of the federal government, Ministere de I’Instruction , Publique et the Department of the Federal District, the various des Beaux-Ar ts. Nouvelle série 12). . state governments, and notarial, municipal, ecclesias- | This monograph, incomplete and out of date, consists

tical, and parish depositories. [S.R.] of notes on the principal archival sources in Seville,

, poe Madrid, Simancas, and Lisbon for th iod

SODre aigunos) arcnivos swpanoameri- . .

338. Castelo de Zavala, Maria. Noticias 1769 tc 1807. { 1B.W)] isbon for the period from

canos AINA México. t. 2 1O41- 1946 344. De Young, Maurice. Checklists for

ie 1947: 373-419 oa , archives and private collections in Haiti.

A survey of the National archives of Argentina, Para- HLAS. v. 23, 1961: 406-408.

guay, Chile, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Costa Rica, Based on Arthur E. Gropp’s Libraries and archives of and Guatemala, in addition to the provincial archives Haiti, 1941. Over 20,000 feet of 35mm microfilm. of Buenos Aires and Santa Fé, Argentina. For each Covers, among other collections, the National Arrepository gives history, organization, holdings, pub- Chives, the Library of the Brothers of St. Louis Gon-

lications, and brief of M.item pamone Mangonese, ane baie . . critical tionaevaluation. useum. Foal Forwat each gives Tu IDNO-

339. Chandler, Michael J. A guide to records graphical description plus annotations on contents,

in Barbados. Oxford, 1965. 240 p. map, _ location, etc.

bibl. ; . 345. Faust, Albert B. Guide to the materials

A descriptive guide to materials on Barbados located for A >’ hist n Swi dA in public, private, and government libraries. Publica- or merican 1S ory IM SWISS an uS-

tion made possible through a Rockefeller Foundation trian archives. Washington, 1916. 299 p. grant to the University of the West Indies. First of a One of the Carnegie Institution guides. Includes Latin

projected series. American references. ,

340. Cobb, Gwendolin B. Bancroft Library 346. Figaniére, Frederico Francisco de la.

microfilm: Portugal and her empire. Catalogo dos manuscriptos portuguezes HAHR. v. 34, Feb., 1954: 114-125. existentes no Museu Britanico. Lisboa,

Over 100,000 microfilms of documents in Portuguese 1853. xxvi, 349 p. archives: Arquivo Historico Colonial de Lisboa, Bib- Most of the Portuguese manuscripts listed are of inlioteca da Ajuda, Arquivo da Torre do Tombo, Biblio- terest to historians of Brazil. The collection was added teca de Coimbra, and Biblioteca Publica do Porto. to by Francisco A. de Varnhagen in his Sucinta indiDealing with the colonies, they cover the period from cacao de alguns manuscriptos importantes relativos the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries, but the con- gg Brasil e a Portugal, existentes no Museu Britdnico

centration is on the latter part of the sixteenthcentury ey Londres e nao comprehendidos no Catdlogo

ane at half of the seventeenth. Lists materials Figaniére .. (Habana, 1863).

341. Crick, Bernard R., and Miriam Alman, 347: Freeman, John re comp. NV aguscript

eds. A guide to manuscripts relating to SOurces on Latin “American Indians in America in Great Britain and Ireland. _ the library of the American Philosophi-

London, 1961. xxxvi, 667 p cal Society. APSP. v. 106, 1962-1963: A guide to manuscript collections related to the his- 530-540.

tory and literature of the American colonies, including Describes about fifty manuscript collections important

the U.S. Excludes materials listed in the Carnegie to the study of Latin American Indians. Lists travInstitution guides. Arranged by country, with a com- elogs, field notes, dictionaries, mission texts, and legal

plete index of authors, subjects, owners, etc. documents. 342. Cuba. Archivo Nacional. Catalogo de 348. Gavrilovic, Stoyan. Hispanic American

los mapas, planos, croquis y arboles historic research opportunities in Yugogenealégicos existentes en el Archivo slav archives. HAHR. v. 42, Feb., 1962:

Nacional de Cuba. Pref. de Joaquin 37-50. . . | | Llaverias. Habana. 1951-1954. 3 v Materials in Yugoslavian archives of interest to His-

. . / . . - panic American history “from its beginning in the

(Publicaciones del Archivo Nacional de days of Columbus to its end, three centuries later in

Cuba, 31 . 34, 37). the time of Bolivar.”” Among the collections covered

Animportant aid to the study of Cuban history.[D.C.] are the state papers of the Republic of Ragusa, 92

. series, from 1023 to 1815, in Latin and Italian, and

343. Desdevises du D ezert, Georges N. Les those of the Historical Institutes of the Yugoslav sources manuscrites de I’histoire de Academy of Sciences in Dubrovnik and Zadar. Also ’Ameérique Laune a la fin du XVIII° the Maritime Museum in Kotor.

GUIDES TO MANUSCRIPTS 35 349. Gomez Canedo, Lino. Los archivos efforts of American historians to secure documents hist6ricos de Venezuela. Maracaibo, documents by research ane ace first acquisitions of e New York Public 1966. 147 p. (Monografias y ensayos 5). Library. Pays special attention to the Carnegie InstiThis well-researched and carefully organized guide to tution and the Library of Congress projects. Includes

Venezuela’s historical archives is an essential itemfor bibliography

all students of Venezuelan history. Gomez Canedo

concentrates on the major repositories in Caracas, but 354. Hill, Roscoe R. Ecclesiastical archives

he also pays considerable attention to provincial ar- in Latin America. A. v. 4. 1954. i.e

chives. His discussion includes organization, types, 1955: 135-144 SO mo and coverage of documents, and general conditions of ; : , ,

the archives. In rather extensive appendixes, Gomez “* 8€neral survey of parochial, diocesan, and archCanedo includes a list of the documents he micro- 4!0cesan archives regarding activities of bishops and filmed for the Academy of American Franciscan His- “4 chbishops and records of births, marriages, and tory, Washington, D.C. Many of these documents are 4¢aths in the parishes. Brief description of Mexican from the Archivo Arquidiocesano de Caracas and ecclesiastical archives. Also references to Brazilian concern the famous visita of Bishop Mariano Marti "ecords.

. . . e ) eg . -

(1771-1784). Others refer to colonial Church history. 355. Hill. Roscoe R.. ed. The national ar

350. Gropp, Arthur E. Guide to libraries chives of Latin America. Cambridge, and archives in Central America and the Mass., 1945. 169 p.

West Indies, Panama, Bermuda, and __ Invaluable guide to the holdings and collections in the British Guiana. New Orleans, 1941. 721 Latin American national archives. For each includes

p. illus., (Tulane University of the main atures, Shortcomings, refationship to the . Amap. . rcnhives oO e mother country, organization, history, Louisiana. Middle American Research management, and details regarding series of records.

eS) Middle American researchby Bibliographies end ofpublished most chapters.in Alphabetical series ; arrangement country.atAlso Spanish

Covers 1,045 items. Result of author’s survey in the under title Los archivos nacionales de la America areas mentioned in the title during 1937-1938. For L4tina (Habana, 1945. 166 p.).

each archive gives location, director’s name, historical . .

background, housing facilities, maintenance, and a 396. Hilton, Ronald, ed. Handbook of His-

general listing of records. panic source materials and research or351. Guia de los documentos microfoto- ganizations in the United States. 2. ed. grafiados. [Preparado] por la Unidad Stanford, 1956. 448 p. map. Movil de Microfilm de la UNESCO. Calls attention to Spanish and Portuguese materials

México, 1963. 317 p. mimeo. avian’ tn ane Liited Raates. Arranged geographt. Prepared under direction of Francisco Sevillano jj yyPortugal, State ane ae Bea annus of ! Hetthe ( institutions interested in Spain, Latin Amer-

Colom, Spanish archivist in charge of UNESCO mi- ica, California, Texas, the American Southwest, and

crofilm unit responsible for theIts microfilming ofpre-Columbian docu- lori ‘opeperiod is o to ie TO ; - Florida. scope is from

ments and other materials in the archives present. Not all-inclusive, ra . and - e,libraries but valuable because bit

Republic, El Salvador, and Panama. ,

of Peru, Paraguay, Honduras, Barbados, Dominican brings together data often overlooked

352. Harrison, John P. Guide to materials 357. Instituto Historico e Geographico on Latin America in the National Ar- Brasileiro, Rio de Janeiro. Catalogo dos chives. Washington, 1961-. (National documentos sobre Sao Paulo existentes

Archives publication 62-63). no arquivc do IHGB. Sao Paulo, 1954.

V. 1 includes the records in the departments of State, 354 p.

Treasury, War, and Navy and some under the heading A contribution to the city’s fourth centennial celebra“general,” related to claims commissions, arbitration, tion. boundary disputes, and international conferences. V.

2 will consider materials in the remaining departments, 358. Instituto Hist6rico e Geographico Brasil-

ne independent and theeo» legislative and ; 4eer4 ciary. A final index willagencies, cover both volumes. Rio de Janeiro. Cajuditalogo ;dos

-

353. Hill. R RA en scritos do Instituto Historico e Geogra. ul, ose . Mexican MISSIONS 1N phico Brasileiro existentes em 31 de Gaetan arc Ives. XICD: 1951. 138 p. dezembro de 1883; organisado por Aen u °F anamercano e Geografia e ordem alfabética e dividido em quatro istoria. Publicacion 108. Comision de partes: biografias, documentos, mem6o-

Historia 22. Misiones americanas en los rias e poesias. Rio, 1884. 153 p. archivos europeos 2). . Lists the manuscript holdings of the Brazilian Histori-

A survey of the activities of American scholars and cal and Geographical Institute through 1883. The arinstitutions obtaining information regarding American rangement is alphabetical. Divided into four sections:

history in European archives. Discusses the early biographies, documents, memoirs, and poetry.

36 REFERENCE 359. Kraft, Walter C. Codices Vindobo- director’s name, building and other physical facilities,

nenses Hispanici: a catalog of the personnel, collections including their organization

S sh. P d Catal and storage facilities, regulations governing use, ots 5 the eur1n N ae1 ustrian Library publications, archivist’s eae background. SCripts auionaand 1IDrary . ° une

in Vienna. Corvallis, Ore., 1957. 64 p. aon agar sera - veo L.

(Oregon State College, Corvallis. Biblio- ements I ene i he Will Cle. graphic series 4). SCrip co ecuions 1n le 1 lam “- cA calendar of 185 manuscripts: 171 in Spanish, 12 ments Library. Compiled by William S.

in Portuguese, and 2 in Catalan; 13 are related to Ewing, curator of manuscripts. 2. ed. Spanish America and one to Brazil. Includes fac- Ann Arbor, 1953. 548 p.

similes and bibliographies. Properly indexed. It should be used in conjunction with the Ist ed. pub360. Laurent, Gérard M. Trois mois aux ar- __ lished in 1942 because it refers to that for more speci-

chives d’Espagne. Port-au-Prince, 1956. fic description of certain items. Describes iv Latin

113 bibl. including American cothose ections. teen eros concern Mi exico, f> p.Pp: onFixican Independence, iri

, . : : . . Index.

Spanish sources for Haitian history. [R.M. | Diaz, Zacatecas (1561-1870), Yucatan (1772-1898),

361. Leland, Waldo G., ed. Guide to mate- ane ee of the Mexican Botanical Gardens (1785-

r ws ror “American ered hi the nora 366. Millares Carlo, Agustin. Los archivos 10 43.9 VC aris. 1 asamgton a municipales de Latino-América, libros 1745. 2 Vv. (Carnegie Institution, Wash- de actas y colecciones documentales:

ington. Publication 392). apuntes bibliograficos. Maracaibo, 1961.

V. the 1 isMinistry devoted to V. 2 covers the archives of of libraries. Foreign Affairs, a major Parisian 70 p. a, ; . . depository. Includes political correspondence, mem- 1 annotated bibliography of Latin American municioirs, and documents related to America in general and Pal archives that includes actas de cabildo and docu-

to other European countries involved in American mentary collections.

affairs since the sixteenth century. 367. Millares Carlo, Agustin. Repertorio 362. Lima, Manoel de Oliveira. Relagéo dos _—bibliografico de los archivos mexicanos

manuscritos portugueses e estrangeiros y de los europeos y norteamericanos de de interésse para o Brasil, existentes no interés para la historia de Mexico. MexiMuseu Britanico de Londres. Rio, 1903. co, 1959. 366 p. (Biblioteca Nacional de

138 p. México. Instituto Bibliografico Mexi-

Portuguese documents and others pertaining to Brazil cano. Publicacion 1).

in the British Museum. It adds to and corrects the Lists, with annotations, of 1,047 items in the Mexican, catalogs of Figami¢re and Varnhagen on the same European, and U.S. archives and special collections.

subject. First published in RIHGB, t. 65, pt. 2, Gives their characteristics, history, organization, con-

1902: 5-139. tents and publications. Subject index. Based on the ‘ author’s Repertorio bibliogrdfico de los archivos mexi363. Maior, Pedro Souto, comp. Nos ar- canos y de la historia de Mexico (México, 1948). It

; n ing fr . . . _

chivos de Hispanha: relacgao dos Manu- — does not carry over from the work the section on docu-

scriptos que interessam ao. Brasil. ments for the history of Mexico. A RIHGB.- t. Sl 1 Lal? rane from 1493 to 368. Ozanam, Didier. Guide du chercheur 1834; more than 1,100 pertain to the years 1808- dans les archives frangaises. Paris, 1963 : 1822, and are chiefly diplomatic reports from the (Cahiers de Institut des hautes études

Spanish ambassador in Rio de Janeiro to his govern- de l’ Amérique latine 4).

ment. They include good material on the schemes of A guide for the researcher in the French archives. V. |

Carlota Joaquina, Portuguese military and intelli- covers the Foreign Office. Describes how it came gence activities in the Plata, as well as information on — about, its organization, and its collections of corre-

the arrivals of ships and diplomatic agents and on spondence, memoirs, and documents. Chap. 4 is

Court life in Rio. devoted to collections related to Latin America from . > the colonial period to the end of the nineteenth cen-

08 oora canner. Situacion acta,Manua tury. In the appendixes there are references to miscel€ 10SL., archivos tatinoamericanos: laneous collections of memoirs and other documents, de informacion basica. Washington, 1961. such as treaties, boundaries, commercial agreements, Xxxvi, 96 p. etc., which may be of interest to the Latin AmericanReport from the Inter-American Archival Seminar, ISt.

based on answers to questionnaires distributed among ; : . , several countries and information collected personally 369. Paraguay - Archivo Nacional. Catalogo

by the author. For each national archive gives official de los documentos de la Seccion histoname, administrative connection, date of founding, rica de los anos 1534-1871 del Archivo

GUIDES TO MANUSCRIPTS 37 Nacional de Asuncion. José D. Bareiro, Information or the most important archives dealing

ed. [ Asuncion, 1935]., 46 p. wit € utc colonial Includes municisevera ; types of public archives:expansion. national, provincial,

Neen. of the docum ents [sted tr nth © Piltivels few pal, waterboard, and special. Also the general state documents are preserved in the archives for the years archives at the Hague; those of the province of Hol-

p ee

1864-1870 fw 1 land, and the Archive of Zealand at Middelburg. Does

che - not neglect such private depositories as the Dutch

370. Pardo, J. Joaquin, ed. Catalogo de los East India Companies.

manuscritos xisienn Soke coreccion 376. Soares, José C. de Macedo. Fontes da

é an ao Paulo, .38p.

jtnoamencans dela Biboteca de 2 histiia da tarele Catdca no Bras historia de Centro America. Guatemala, Miscellaneous information on sources for the history 1958. 45 p. (Publicaciones de la Seccion of the Brazilian Catholic church. There are references de Divulgaci6on del Departamento de to archives, libraries, museums, and other research

Historia de la Facultad de Humani- centers in Brazil and abroad, with bibliographies of

dades) their publications. documents in Brazil. . ian archives, includingLists somemany not yet published, on the

Guide to the manuscripts concerning Central America church in Brazil deposited in the National Library of

in the University of Texas. Includes the Genaro Rjo de Janeiro. Stephens collections. Lists 199 items arranged by sub- 377. Spain. Archivo General de Indias. Rela-

Garcia, Joaquin Garcia Icazbalceta, and W. B. . . ;

ject. Index of authors, institutions, and geographical cion descriptiva de los mapas, planos,

names. etc. de la audiencia y capitania general de 371. Patterson, Jerry E. Spanish and Span- Guatemala (Guatemala, San Salvador,

ish American manuscripts in the Yale Honduras, Nicaragua, y Costa-Rica) University Library. YULG. v. 31, Jan., existentes en el Archivo General de

1957: 110-133. Indias. Pedro Torres Lanzas, comp.

Over 13,000 pages of bound and loose manuscripts Madrid, 1903. 214 p. illus.

arranged chronologically and by subject, from the

sixteenth to the nineteenth century. Describes the 378. Spain. Archivo General de Indias.

Del eecollections Hiram Bingham, Henry Raup Relaci6n descriptiva de los.mapas, ner inane addition to wag: other items. For each, ..

gives pertinent data, including author, date, subject, planos, etc., de las antiguas audiencias de

and pages. Name index. Panama, Santa Fé y Quito, existentes en 372. Paz, Julian. Catalogo de manuscritos a Archivo Genera de was recto

de América existentes enp.laP.Biblioteca 185 , P. , Nacional. Madrid, 1933. 724

Manuscripts in the National Library of Spain dealing . . ° .

with Latin American history and colonial adminis- 379. S pain. Archivo General de Indias. Rela

tration. cion eecuPiiva « 08 mapas, planos, . , Index. a, etc. de Mexico y Fioridas existentes en

oT oaeue securopa tesa Oe, el Archivo General de Indias. Pedro Selections by the well-known Brazilian historian of Torres Lanzas, comp. Sevilla, 1900. 2 v.

archival materials relevant to Brazilian history in . : : Portugal, Spain, France, the Netherlands, and Eng- 380. Spain. Archivo General de Indias. Rela-

land. cion de mapas, planos, etc. del Vir-

374. Sao Paulo, Brazil(State). Departamento _—«*“einato de Buenos Aires existentes en el

do Arquivo do Estado. Documentos in- Archivo General de Indias. Pedro

teressantes para a hist6ria e os costumes Torres Lanzas, comp. Madrid, 1900. 41

de Sao Paulo. Sao Paulo, 1895-. p. illus.

Title varies: 1895-1932, Publicagao oficial de docu- . . . mentos interessantes para a histéria e costumes de 381. Spain, Archivo General de Indias. Rela-

S40 Paulo. Issued 1895-1937 by the department cion descriptiva de los mapas, planos, under its earlier name: Archivo do Estado. Published etc del Virreinato del Pert (Pert y

1937- by the Instituto Histérico e Geografico de Sao . :

Paulo. Documents on historical, cultural, and social Chile) existentes en el Archivo General

subjects. de Indias. Pedro Torres Lanzas, . , Barcelona, 1906. 135 p. comp.

375. Sluiter, Engel. The Dutch Archives The preceding five items constitute a valuable, aland American historical research. PHR. though incomplete, guide to the maps and other plans

v. 6, March, 1937: 21-35. pertaining to colonial Spanish America that are con-

38

REFERENCE

served in the Archivo General d i , (J.B.W.] ral de Indias, Seville. ion pages of manuscript materials related to the histure OF erica, including former

382. Spain. Archivo Histérico Nacional, Ma- Spanish cernitories integrated into the U.S. Strong in

drid. Documentos de Indias, siglos xv a oe

xix. Catalogo de la serie existente en la 387. Thomas, Daniel H., and Lynn M. Case,

seccién de Diversos. Madrid, 1954. 279 eas. Guide to the diplomatic archives p. illus., maps. (Catdlogos de archivos of western Europe. Philadelphia, 1959.

ua bibliotecas). A ;description 89 p. ists documents, in addition to some impri of theF diplomatic archives of 15 coun-

arranged chronologically from 1496 to rest. Macrae tries and 3 international collections, covering their them concern the sixteenth century. Covers all the ree content, administration, and conditions of use. Indies, including the Philippines. byof Maria Ganehiare chapters, each a specialist. Lino el Carmen Pescador del Hoyo.Compiled One-fifth the mane18anedo wrote thedone oneby devoted to Spain,

terial published as Cartas de Indias (Madrid, 1877). ce Severs Ue arenes a Simancas. Archivo His-

. ; - ! | (Madrid), Archivo General de Indi

383. Spain. Direccién General de Archivos rseville) Archivos del Ministerio de Asuntos Ex. y Bibliotecas. Guia de los archivos de (Barcel (Madric Academia de la Corona de Aragon

Madrid. Madrid. 1952. 59 > ? ona), Biblioteca Nacional (Madrid), and Bibliohi arid,y. bibliotecas 592 p. (Guias teca ymilitary Archivoand del private Palacio archives Real (Madrid), in additi archivos 1).deto_some Includes bibli-

Edited by Francisco Sintes Obrador. Includes docu- ographies and subject index. | ments in the Real Academia Espanola de la Lengua,

Real Academia de Historia, Instituto Histérico de la. 290" 1 omas Gilcrease Institute of American

arina, isterio deMartin Asuntos Exteri - i catalon are aM de Oklahoma. chial archives of San and San ) Sebactian

(Atocha), and some military repositories. A useful catalog of Hispanic documents in the gree to secular and ecclesiastical archives located in Thomas Gilcrease Institute. Compiled

adrid. bY Clevy Lloyd Strout. Tulsa, 1962.

384, Spain. Direccién GyPp. :a: . eneral de Archivos Documents i , ue on Mexican and L Bibliotecas. Guia de las bibliotecas de from the sixteenth to the early winetecnth contary: Of Madrid. 1953. 556 (Gui the items on a wide 7 rf ; arMadrid, p. (Guias dep.riety of275subjects, thevari largest “ archivos y bibliotecas). portion belonged to the former Conway collection. -OVeTS nearly 300 types of libraries: national, uni- | D

versity, college, research, scientific, government, and 389. Tudela, José. Los manuscritos de special Forcollections, the major ones gives detailed information America lasp bibliotecas de Espana. on history, publications, administration Madrid, 1954.en 586

policy as to use, etc. - espite Despi oOAmeri shortcomings, an extremely i useful ; guide toromeLatin

385. Spell, Lota M. Research materials for _ secular libraries, plus the Devorial the fret pa t Bs the study of Latin America at the Univer- the work covers libraries in Madrid: the second, those sity of Texas. Austin, 1954. 107 p. illus. ote provinces. Lists many lesser known collections.

(Latin American studies 14). mits maps. In addition to printed catalogs and

An informative guide to the Latin American collec- in the ¢ eral c2 bring out hidden information burred

won of the University, with a brief historical account general catalog. ere is a section devoted to manuscripts and t oo! . : . scripts and one to historical books covering nearly 390. US. National Archives. List of National

; ashington, 1965. 97 i .

. mers. ~ en ari

15,000 volumes. General index. wctives microfilm publications, 1965.

$80. Texas. University. Library. Guide to chives publication 65-68. ‘National Ar

atin American Manuscripts in the Unj- ‘Title varies. Archival material on microfilm available

versity of Texas Library, edited for the for purchase. Description of publication includes University of Texas and the Committee on Latin American Studies of the A P™* A1Tanged by department. Index.

ican Council of Learned Societies by se neruanos 1 aa bliotecn fe crits Carlos E. Castafieda and Jack Autrey Pee ots 333 Blinc. de America.

Dabbs. Cambridge, 1939. 217 p. (Com- Part of a series of Peruvian records scattered in ? mittee on Latin American Studies. Amer- Chives and libraries of Europe and America Vo 1 ican Council of Learned Societies. Mis- {173> lists Peruvian manuscripts abroad; v, 2 (1938)

cellaneous publication 1)Library in the archives of the Indies; v. 3 (1940) in taVerv th alisting ih .oftional of Lima; and lib y thorough the Library holdings, withthe | America: ; v. 4, 4, inin thethe libraries of

exception of the Manuel Gondra ) merica: Mexico, La Paz,New Sucre, Santiago de Chile, papers. OveramilYork, Lima, Chorillos, andQuito, Cuzco.

BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARIES 39

index. - oo. , . - .

There is a description of each document accompanied have made constructive contributions to Latin Amerby location and, sometimes, relevant notes. Name _ ican life. Short bibliographies.

_— 398. Diccionario biografico de Chile, 1959-

- . ; 1,439 p.

C. Biographical Dictionaries 1961. 11. ed. Santiago de Chile, 1961.

392. Agramonte y Cortijo, Francisco. Dic- Includes biographical sketches on prominent living cionario cronologico biografico univer- Chileans. Follows the Who’s Who pattern.

sal: con 4,400 Piogratias cronovogicas Y 399. Diccionario biografico de Venezuela.

talidades de Ia hist mas > ed M. did. Editores: Garrido Mezquita y Compajia, 1959. | 66 © ta historia. 2. ed. Madara, publicado bajo Ja direccién técnica de FILE LOOP. Juliosince Cardenas Ramirez; director de reMajor historical personalities the fifteenth ceu‘lacj Carlos Sé de la Cal tury. Arranged alphabetically and then chronologi- copliaciones Carlos Saenz de la Ca zada. cally within each article. Covers only deceased per- 1. ed. Madrid, 1953. 1,558 p. illus., maps. sons. Lists also legendary and biblical figures. Brief A very informative biographical publication, providing

reference index of sources. also valuable statistical and gazetteer data on the in-

. . . or, dividual Venezuelan states. The biographies are listed

393. Aranzaes, Nicanor. Diccionario histo- alphabetically, but there is an index by profession, berico del departamento de La Paz. La _ sides a commercial and industrial directory. It covers

Paz, 1915. 813 p. illus. mostly living persons. However, it includes some

The best historical biographical dictionary so far writ- | Page-long articles on historical figures.

ten in Bolivia. Well researched and organized, it is , ~ , . especially valuable for late eighteenth- and nine- 400. Fernandez Saldana, Jose M. Diccion-

teenth-century figures. [H.K.] arlo uruguayo de biografias. Montevideo,

Soe 1945. 1,366 p.

394. Azpurua, Ramon. Biografias de hom- Provides biographical data on Uruguayans from 1810

bres notables de WHispano-America. to 1940.

Caracas, 1877. 4 v. illus. 401. Figueroa, Pedro P. Diccionario bio-

Signed sketches vary in length from one to several ‘fj : . .

pages. Includes quotations, extracts from letters and grafico de Chile. 4. ed. Santiago de Chile, other documents, with reference to sources. Some 1897-1902. 3 v. illus. portraits. The arre:ngement is not alphabetical, nor is Coverage starts with the discovery and conquest of the index. A useful work, although not always wholly Chile. Among biographees are Araucanian chiefs and

reliable. minor figures of the colonial period. First edition, oe . o? ; 1887. With each subsequent edition, new names, cor-

395. Bolivia. Dir eccron General de Estadis- rections, and information are added, but some of the tica y Estudios Geograficos. De siglo a_ entries that appeared in earlier editions are omitted.

siglo, hombres célebres de Bolivia. La A companion volume is Diccionario biografico de

Paz, 1920. 541 p estranjeros en Chile (Santiago, 1900). Devoted to forA work divided into three parts: The independence Crile’s ano from colonial times have contributed to

and its heroes, The presidents of Bolivia, from Bolivar e : to José Gutiérrez Guerra; and Promineat men of 402. Figueroa, Virgilio. Diccionario hisBolivia. introduction signed Moises biografico y bibliografico modern Bolivians see Ascatrunz. Quién For es térico, quién en Bolivia (Lade Chile. ,..

. As , , 4. illus.

Paz, 1959). Santiage de Chile, 1925-1931. 5 v. in

396. Coutinho, Afranio, ed. Brasil € brasil- Covers the period from 1800 to 1930. Title varies.

eiros de hoje. Rio, 1961. 2 ve Z Arranged alphabetically by family name and then by

Seven thousand entries covering prominent Brazilians seniority of its members. Includes bibliographies and and some foreigners in business and the professions. references to sources.

Alphabetical arrangement by last family name. Bio- a tas . a

graphical information provided by the subjects, con- 403. Iguiniz, Juan B. Bibliografia biografica

sisting mostly of birth date, parentage, children’s mexicana. t. 1. Repertorios biograficos. names, occupation, education, professional career, México, 1930. 546 p. (Monografias bibmemberships, publications, home and business ad- lioeraficas mexicanas 18)

dresses, and sometimes telephone numbers. See also A |i 8 703 bi hical ° k _

Quem éPaulo. quem no1955). Brasil, biografias contempordneas OF | lographical works COMprsing feet (S40 parts: collective andisting individual The first , is arranged alphabetically by authorsbiographies. with full content

397. Davis, Harold E. Latin American lead- notes including personal names. The second is an ers. Washington, 1949. 170 p. (Inter- _qlphabetica index ofall previously mentioned names American Bibliographical and Library | ~°** a pene .

Association. Publications. Series 1, 10). 404. Mendiburu, Manuel de. Diccionario

Brief articles on 16 political and cultural leaders who historicobiografico del Peru. 2. ed. Lima,

40 REFERENCE 1931-1934-. [1e. 1935]. 11 v. illus. A historical dictionary of Spanish and Spanish Ameri———-, ————.. Apéndice. Lima, 1935- can biography published under the auspices of the

1936. 1-3iving (A-N) and nut epane EstudiosinBrograticos. ere ;v.oe, dead de persons all fields. Lists both

A major work with long articles and extensive anno-

tated bibliographies, including references to sources. 412. Scarone, Arturo. Uruguayos contemAlphabetically arranged with a subject index in each poraneos: nuevo diccionario de datos

volume and a general author index at the end. Many . s La: , .

quotations from original letters, documents, and writ- Los Glo. ings of biographees; appendix of documents. : bibliograficos. Montevideo,

a a A revision of the Uruguayan ‘“‘Who’s Who”; first

405. Mestre Ghigliazza, Manuel. Efemerides edition published in 1918, with obituaries at the end biograficas (defunciones-nacimientos). of those who died between that date and 1937.

. mee 5 0. B.A, 4,1 .

Mexico, 1945. 347 p. 413. Udaondo, Enrique. Diccionario biogra-

Arranged chronologically by death dates. Includes fico argentino. B.A., 1938. 1,151 p pment Mexicans who died between 1892 and 1945; sponsored by Institucion Mitre, Contains abou 3300

date of birth and death. Alphabetical index >P entries, from 1800 to 1920. Biographical information

7 fXIP ~ based on public and private archives, monographs, and

406. Muzzio, Julio A. Diccionario historico Periodicals. Few bibliographical references. Suppley biografico de la Republica Argentina ments the author’s Diccionario biogrdafico colonial

. . ~2 °v.tino(B.A., 1945). B.A., 1920. in 1. illus., map. rg en ae ~ i. ; Dictionary covering all periods. Alphabetical arrange- 414. Velho Sobrinho, Joao F. Diccionario

ment. Little or no bibliography. No sources given. biobibliografico brasileiro. Rio, 1937-

407. Ospina, Joaquin. Diccionario biogra- 1940. 2 v. (In progress).

1927-1939. 3 v. Gort bithnureeen. wiCross on : sereer od bibliographies, with complete entries.

fico y bibliogratico de Colombia. Bogota, J9,« completed in about 16 volumes, To date ony A comprehensive dictionary from the Conquest to references of names, suthor der

modern times. Sketches of governors from Jiménez de . ;

Quesada to Miguel Abadia Méndez, high-ranking mili 415. Vidas de grandes argentinos. Colatary men, writers, doctors, jurists, engineers, profes- boradores: Armando Alonso Pineiro et sors, judges, and other eminent Colombians. List of al. B.A., 1963. 3 v. illus. conaborators and ae aporeviations. at bibliog- Persons already deceased. Full-page portraits. ArFapay OF DOOKS and perodicals Consu te re ticles long, but unsigned. Complete bibliographical 408. Peral, Miguel Angel. Diccionario bio- citations for sources. Cumulative alphabetical index

grafico mexicano. México, 1944. 2 v. of Dlographees. . . .

————, ————.. Apéndice. México, 1944. 416. Who’s who in Latin America: a bio-

465 p. graphical dictionary of notable living men

Extensive time coverage from 544 to 1944. Biographi- and women of Latin America. Ed. by cal sketches uneven: date of birth and death are not Ronald Hilton. 3. ed. Stanford, 1945always given ahd no bibliographies or reference to 1951.7v

sources are mentioned. — Present edition includes about 10,000 biographies.

409. Peraza Sarausa, Fermin. Diccionario Contents: part 1, Mexico; part 2, Central America and

v. 1-11. (In progress). i Sa wile

biografico cubano. Habana, 1951-1960. ee ria Chile. and Peru, part 5, Argentina Organized by one of Cuba's best-known bibliograph- Hominican Republic, and Haiti. Its main disadvan:

at qpaset ih ici ant AR ca er tage is that, unless the nationality of the person living. Cumulative indexes for all previous volumes searched lor is known, it requires consulting several

V ne 1 F G , ‘el to Izquierd indexes, since each country is treated separately. The orume » COVERS names rom Ware! fo neq IETS 0. reader should be aware that most Latin American

410. Quién es quién en la Argentina, bio- countries have a “‘Who’s Who” of their own, such as

: 5 5 cyeee e-

grafias contemporaneas. 8.ed.B.A.,1963. Quign es auien ee Baia O47 316 pe 338 ps.

1,05 0 Pp. . ; , zuela, Panama, Ecuador, Colombia (Bogota, 1952),

Covers living Argentines and foreign residents. 1,074 p., etc.

411. Sabater, Gaspar, ed. Diccionario bio- 417, Zubizarreta, Carlos. Cien vidas para-

grafico espanol e hispano-americano, guayas. B.A., 1961. 201 p.

publicado bajo la direccién de Gaspar — Short biographical articles on Paraguayans and forSabater, con la colaboraci6n de reputa- ¢igners who have played leading roles in the history dos especialistas espafioles e hispano- ° the country since the colonial period. Though not

. Pal dealma Mallde1950in-alphabetical order, it includes an alphabetical inamerncanos. alorca, dex. A selected bibliography is appended to each bi-

illus. cgraphy. To be completed in 2 v.

GEOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE WORKS 4|

y “> . ,

D. Geographical Reference Works A _ well-known Argentine historical atlas, with 19 color plates, including maps, plans, and facsimiles.

There are altogether 29 maps planned to show growth,

1. Atlases expansion, and military and ecclesiastical history.

. , . , , Contains Behaim’s 1492 map of the world and 418. Aguilar, Jose, Elisa Garcia Araez, and = Schoener’s 1515-1520: the age of discoveries; the Antonio Villarroya, eds. Atlas universal voyages of Columbus; political divisions of South Aguilar. Madrid, 1960. 141, 116 (maps), America in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries;

139p conquests and explorations in the sixteenth century; ° ‘sh atlas. World sub; d the southern provinces of the Viceroyalty of Peru in

A modern Spanish atlas. World subject maps and re-_— the seventeenth century; Father Lozano’s 1730 map gional maps are accompanied by descriptive text and or the Chaco: Portuguese expansion into Spanish photographs of the physical, political, economic, and territory: the Viceroyalty of Rio de la Plata, 1776— cultural geography of the world. Devotes special at- 1.319. the English invasions: the War of Independence; tention to the Americas and Spain. Features a tabular the Paraguayan War: and Civil wars and raids against survey of geographical facts about each country. The ype Indians, 1814-1861.

index of place names is followed by a vocabulary of ;

geographical terms. 423. Brazil. Conselho Nacional de Geografia. 419. Republic. Geograsavisae de Seograria. Atlas[i.e., do Brasil, ficoArgentine Militar. Atlas de laInstituto Republica Ar- geral e regional. Rio, 1960 1959].

gentina. 1. Parte politica. B.A., 1965. _ illus., maps. 705 p. | 122 p A general and regional atlas of Brazil carefully edited

The fit part of a three-volume alas of Argentina, Y,Jurandyt Pires Ferrera, Speriido Falsol, and

is volume deals with po itica geography, the re- . . " é : .

maining two wil cover physical and regional aspects Covers physical regions and their climate vegetation,

copulation by. departments APE ee a maps Y re erals, power resources, and trade statistics. The secshown on scales varying from 1:1.5M to 1:2.5M. 0nd part deals with Brazil as a whole. The final part Centers of population and communications project discusses the states and territories. The Maps are acthemselves clearly against the solidly tinted back- companied by descriptive and analytical signed arti-

grounds of the well-delineated departments of the les. There is no place name index.

provinces. The atlas contains the following maps: the 424, Codazzi, G. B. Agostino, ed. Atlas geo-

Federal District and environs of Buenos Aires, the s oes eas

22 provinces, and the National Territories, including grafico e historico de la Rep ublica de part of the Antarctic. The index lists about 5,500 Colombia (Antigua Nueva Granada) el

entries, with coordinates and map references. cual comprende las reptblicas de Vene-

420. Republic. ameM.HPaz. nao Parte ficoArgentine Militar. Atlas de la Instituto RepublicaGeograAr- anuel Textocartografica: explicativo:

gentina, fisico, politico y estadistico. 2. Felipe Perez. Paris, 1889. 25 p. illus. dB A 195 A. 101 b. incl. maps A historical atlas of Colombia that also covers VeneCd. Dith., 174, p. incl. PS. , zuela and Ecuador. Includes 21 maps, accompanied

A physical, political, and statistical atlas of Argentina. by text, distributed as follows: the routes of the con-

Includes 38 colored maps, 32 photos, and 18 charts gnistadores and explorers; first colonial territorial and statistical tables. Insets for major cities. Maps divisions; the presidencias of Santa Fe and Quito:

are accompanied by explanatory text. the Viceroyalty of Santa Fe; a topographical survey of

421. Banco de la Republica, Bogota. Atlas de | ™ountains and rivers; and a plan of the city of Bogota.

economia colombiana. Bogota, 1959- 425. Encyclopaedia Britannica. Encyclo-

1964 [i.e., 1965]. v. 1-4. illus. paedia Britannica world atlas. Chicago,

to more than an economic atlas of Colombia. It con- a. " . , This worthwhile project, when completed, will amount 1964. 416 p illus

tains detailed full-page and folded maps, some colored, . i hieae’ Th ebetical eee rants apical area, popu. be ith descriptive ex's. den date four voumes, have lation, major cities, transportation and communicaaphical fe: A sey e th i i * , cman. an ds q. tions, economy, health, education, etc. World spheres

graphical teatures, te. "3 rh vd 1 ee lants Of influence. Statistical tables covering about 200 naministrative aspects; v. > with hycrociectric plants tions. Glossary of geographical terms and gazetteer

and power lines, mineral resources, forests, and com- index. Latin American maps: p. 53-65

munications; and v. 4 with agriculture and cattle rais- : . ing and its ecology. 426. Ira, Rudolf, and Edgar Klettner. Atlas

422. Biedma, José Juan. Atlas historico de do Brasil Globo: com Os mapas politico e

la Republica argentina, recopilado y fisico do Brasil e os mapas dos seus es-

redactado por José Juan Biedma y tados e territorios. Indice remissivo e

dibujado por Carlos Beyer. B.A., 1909. descritivo dos toponimos por Lourengo

56 p. illus. Mario Prunes. Parte relativa aos estados

4? REFERENCE e territorios por Amyr Borges Fortes. 432. Vivé, Jorge A. Geografia humana de

Porto Alegre, 1960. 98 p. illus. México, estudio de la integracion terri-

This is a physical and political national atlas, dealing torial y nacional de México. México, first with Brazil in general, and then with the states 1958. illus

33

and territories. It includes the usual information on A cultural atlas of Mexico. from 10.000 B.c. to A.D

physical features, climate, vegetation, mineral Pe- 1958. There are 37 maps with explanatory texts. Hes and population, communication, cultural activi Subjects cover early cultures, tribal areas, linguistic

, y- 8 : groups, explorations, territorial expansion, wars, nat-

427. Larousse (firm). Atlas international ural resources, population, transportation facilities, Larousse politique et économique pu- and other relevant facts. Includes bibliography.

blié sous la direction de Ivan du Jonchay 2. Gazetteers

et Sandor Rado. Paris, 1965. 456 p. illus. ;

A high quality world atlas mapped on a comprehen- 433. American Geographical Society of New

sive basis, centered around the continents. It covers York. Index to Map of Hispanic Amerphysical and political maps followed by a section on ica 1:1,000,000. Ed. by Earl P. Hanson. economics, showing national resources, industrial de- Washington 1945. 923 p Uts Map of velopment, communications by land, sea, HiAmerica cA 7 4publication " bli . 5) Pp and air. Theseand dataworld are supported by demographic and ispanic 5). .

statistical tables. An index of place names refers tothe 4 voluminous gazetteer of place names included in map numbers directly. Captions and text are in En- the Millionth Map and its derivatives.

eish, pth pari deals Latin America is repre- 434, Araujo, Orestes. Diccionario geogra-

fico del Uruguay. 2. ed. Montevideo, 428. Martin de Moussy, Jean Antoine Vic- 1912. 528 p. illus. tor. Atlas. 12. ed. Paris, 1873. A standard geographical dictionary of Uruguay, conA historical atlas of Argentina with good maps and __ taining the usual gazetteer information. Lists contribdescriptive texts for each. Besides the historical maps —_utors.

of the country and its provinces, it shows the natural . . . P environment and transportation. There are 30 folded 435. Argentine Republic. Instituto Geogra-

maps. fico Militar. Diccionario geografico ar-

429. Mello, Francisco I. Marcondes Homem gentino. B.A., 1953-1954. v. 1-2. illus.,

de, barao Homem de Mello. Atlas do , eee hical dict ' feted

. ’ . "> : i aod. i0s, ientes, Misiones. 2. Neu-

Brazil. Rio, 1909. 66 p. illus., maps Te Etre bees Corent Misiones o New

A physical, political, and economic atlas of Brazil, quén, Rio Negro, Chubut, Comodoro Rivadavia,

with 33 maps, some in color, and descriptive text. In- — Santa Cruz, Tierra del Fuego, Malvinas. Short arti-

cludes historical maps. cles. Population figures based on the 1947 census.

430. Tamayo, Jorge L. Atlas geografico gen- | S©me of the maps need revision.

eral de México, con cartas fisicas, biol6- 436. Dicionario geografico brasileiro, com gicas, demograficas sociales, econdémicas mapas e ilustracdes dos estados e terriy cartogramas. Preparado por Jorge L. torios. Rio, 1966. 559 p. illus., maps. Tamayo. Dibujaron Pio Ruiz Hernandez A geographical dictionary of Brazil with information

y Manuel Hernandez. 2. ed. México on physical characteristics, latitude and longitude,

° > natural resources, population, I962 Te so portation. Population figures areindustries, based onand thetrans1960

Considered the best general atlas of Mexico. Inaddi- Census. It covers Brazil as a whole and in addition the tion to political subdivisions, physical features, eco- states, municipalities, cities, and towns.

nomic and industrial resources, population figures, and . oo,

graphs, it includes historical maps. A most interesting 437. Garcia Cubas, Antonio. Diccionario

one shows the location of archaeological sites. geografico, hist6rico y biografico de los

431. Times atlas of the world: mid-century Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Mexico,

edition, ed. by John Bartholomew. v. 5. 1888-1891. 5 v. in 3. illus. | |

The Americas. London, 1957. 57 p. illus. “ 8eographical, historical, and biographical Mexican

An important atlas with colore d maps showing physi- dictionary with long articles. For each place, gives cal features, boundaries, main roads, international air- location, physical characteristics, and historical backports, etc. Elevation is indicated by color tints. In- 2f0und. Provides population figures. There is also a cludes the following maps of Latin America: Mexico, list of states and their capitals.

Central America, West Indies, Brazil, Venezuela, 438, Gomez, Eugenio J. Diccionario geograColombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uru- . Z

guay, Chile, Argentina, Pacific Ocean, etc. In addition ne 0 de ~oromp ia. poeota, 735 359 p. there are insets of individual sections. The index ius., maps. (Publicaciones del Banco gazetteer at the end gives latitudes and longitudes to de la Republica).

facilitate location on maps. A detailed Colombian gazetteer of cities, towns,

GEOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE WORKS 43 rivers, mountains, lakes, islands, and other geographi- of the 345,000 features in this volume. If the place cal features. In addition, gives population figures and appears in the Times Atlas, the map-reference is information about major industries, natural resources, shown.”

sightseeing, and local history. Ends with a historical . and statistical ° survey ofazetteer. the country. “Me. Board na aoe at hanes: o7Direccién no.U.S. I-.Carto-, ashington. 439. Guatemala. General de Irregular e grafia. Diccionario geografico de Guate- A series of gazetteers of standard geographic names

mala. Guatemala, 1961-1 962. 2 V. throughout the world. Arranged alphabetically. For

31,000 entries covering geographical, historical,demo- each name gives approved form, locates the place, graphic, ethnical, and geological informationon Guate- _indicates rejected forms, and, in some cases, marks mala. Population figures based on the 1950 census. pronunciation. Within Latin America: Bolivia (1955), Under each department are listed municipios, pueblos, Brazil (1963), British West Indies and Bermuda ciudades, and caserios. Appendix with official alpha- (1955), Chile (1967), Costa Rica (1956), Cuba (1963),

bets of Indian languages. Dominican Republic (1957), Ecuador (1957), El

: ease pie Salvador (1956), Haiti (1956), British Honduras

440. Instituto Historico c Geographico Bra- (1956), Mexico (1956), Nicaragua (1956), Paraguay sileiro, Rio de Janeiro. Diccionario his- (1957), Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands and other istorico, geographico e ethnographico do lands and banks in the Caribbean (1958), Uruguay Brasil (commemorativo do primeiro cen- (1956), and Venezuela (1961) have been covered in

v. 1-2. illus., maps. , Brazil with long signed articles on boundaries, the cli- . . . . tenario da independencia). Rio, 1922-. _ ‘hs series.

Two volumes only were published. V. 1 is a survey of 3. Guidebooks

mate, plants, minerals, ethnography, commerce, politi- 447. American Univer sity , Washington, D.C.

cal organization, and other significant aspects. Includes Foreign Areas Studies Division. Area full-page and folded maps, some colored. There is an handbook for Bolivia. Washington, 1964. index of articles and illustrations. V. 2 is similarly ar- 714 p. maps, bibl.

ranged, but deals with the states of Amazonas, Para, ‘ Maranhao, Piaui, Ceara, Rio Grande do Norte, and - - Area handbook for Brazil. Paraiba. Out of date, but still useful. Washington, 1204. ne vnook fe wae

441. Latzina, Francisco. Diccionario geogra- bia Washin ‘on 196 4 7650 t ‘Thus.

fico argentino con ampliaciones enciclo- ma, 5. bibl ston, " P. ”

pédicas rioplatenses. 3. ed. B.A., 1899. PS, =" hand f 814 p. ———. ——_—. Area handbook for Ecua-

Usual gazetteer information covering 26,544 entries dor. Washington, 1966. 561 p.

without the supplement. Reference to sources. i Area handbook for Pana442. Risopatron Sanchez, Luis. Diccionario ma. Washington, eS for Peru

jeografico de Chile. Santiago de Chile, 7 » ATE K tor reru.

958 p. bibl. Washington, 1965. 707 p. illus., maps, graphical locations. No population figures. Includes ~~~. ~—___: Area handbook for Venebibliography. zuela. Washington, 1964. 576 p. maps, 443. El Salvador. Direccién General de __ bibl. | _ . A Chilean gazetteer of 28,000 place names and geo- bibl.

Estadistica Censos. tary Diccionario seriesgovernment of handbooks designed primarily for miliS y oe yEC0E and geograother AU.S. personnel. A the ‘‘comfico de la Reptiblica de El Salvador. San ___pilation of basic facts about the social, economic, poli-

Salvador, 1959. 258 p. illus. tical, and military institutions and practices of the

A gazetteer of El Salvador with illustrations of major | countries covered.” Extensive bibliographies. Lists of cities and towns at the end. Includes also charts and __ institutions and political parties. Good indexes, many

bibliographical sources. maps.

444. Stiglich, German. Diccionario geogra- 448. Anuario argentino. 6. ed. B.A., 1954-.

fico del Peru. Lima, 1922. 3 v. in 1. illus. and its provinces. with maps and illustrations. Provides information and

This work yields considerable information on Peru A yearbook and tourist guide in English and Spanish

* . . _ Statistics on government, agriculture, art, literature,

445. The Times, ponden. ae Times Ge foreign trade, communications, economics, finance, gazetteer of the world. London, 1965. education, industry, publications, public health, and

964 p. social welfare. Devotes particular attention to Buenos

A nondescriptive index gazetteer. ““The 198,000 or = Aires.

so geographical locations given in the Mid-Century . .

edition of The Times Atlas of the World form the basis 449. Aspinall, Algernon E. The pocket guide

44 REFERENCE to the West Indies and British Guiana, ung: Friedrich Wehner. Hamburg, 1964. British Honduras, Bermuda, the Spanish 713 p. illus., maps.

Main, Surinam, the Panama Canal. 10. A compact but very detailed tourist guidebook of

ed. rev. by Sydney Dash. London. 1954. Latin America, with information on geography, points

475 illus.. maps , of interest, commerce, agriculture, politics, literature,

: . many helpful travel maps.

Arranged P- ”?by pS. oeIncultural background, flags, and statistics. There are country. addition to general tourist information about points of interest, climate, popula-

tion, religion, expenses, banks, food and drinks, hotels, 456. Instituto Chileno-Norteamericano de

etc., it gives historical and background material. Cultura. Chile is like this: a guide book

450. Cau, Jean, and Jacques Bost. Brazil. for visitors and residents. Santiago de James Emmons, tr. 2. ed. N.Y., 1964. Chile, 1960. 140 p. illus., bibl.

251 p. illus., maps. A useful standard guidebook for anyone who intends

Originally published in French. One of the Nagel either to travel or settle in Chile. travel guides. Well organized and easy to use. Written 457, Maguina, Juan Esteban. Guide to Peru:

in a concise and informative style, it covers geography, . . . history, economy, arts, sports, useful words, and all Lima, Cuzco, Machu Picchu, Arequipa,

other common travel information on regions, terri- Puno, Iquitos, and Callejon de Huaylas. tories, and cities of Brazil. The maps and plans are Lima, 1961. 261 p. illus., maps, bibl. very good. There are two folded colored maps, one of | A comprehensive guidebook in the “Baedeker”’ tradiBrazil in general and one of Rio de Janeiro, and 17 in tion, with a wealth of statistical information and brief

black and white. It is adequately indexed. descriptions. It is fully indexed.

451. Clark, Sydney A. All the best in Cen- 458. Martin, Lawrence, and Sylvia Martin.

tral America. N.Y., 1964. 292 p. illus., The standard guide to Mexico and the

maps. Caribbean. N.Y., 1960. 335 p. illus.,

Practical information for the tourist: how to get to maps.

Central America and what to see, facts about trans- jpn all-inclusive guidebook for Mexico and the Caribportation, money, accommodations, etc., enlived by bean answering practically every kind of factual quescomments on traditions and backgrounds, places, and tion about the countries involved.

persons. A thoroughly revised edition. ; SL Amér; du Sud

452. Clark, Sydney A. All the best in South sare wet ee ay 58. IV illus.. map i ue. America: east coast. N.Y., 1962. 311 P- Written by several collaborators, all of them identified.

illus., maps. Gives a sound description of each country, including

A guidebook to Venezuela, Brazil, Uruguay, Argen- brief history and special treatment of major cities and

tina, and Paraguay. The emphasis is on the urban important geographical units. In addition there are areas, with plans of downtown Rio, Buenos Aires, articles on literature, archaeology, anthropology, and and Montevideo. Travel information has been up- art. Abundantly illustrated with excellent color photo-

dated. It is well indexed. graphs, sketches, and maps. Contents: 1, Brazil, Vene. zuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and Guianas; 2, Argen-

453. Clark, Sy dney A. All the best in South tina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Peru, Bolivia, and Chile.

America: west coast. N.Y., 1947. 358 p.

illus., maps. 460. South American handbook: a year-

A tourist guide to Colombia, Panama, Ecuador, Peru, book and guide to the countries and re-

Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina. sources of South and Central America,

454. Hanson, Earl P., ed. The new world Mexico and West Indies. London, 1924-. guides to the Latin American republics. its: Annual. | facts facts about each ivesmS travel and geographical about each coun1 ed. comp panel rev. N.Y., 1950. 3 v. try. Also includes information on history, government, illus., maps, bibl. and economics. Last published volume, 1967.

A completely revised edition of this standard refer- . .

ence work on Latin America first published in 1943 461. Toor, Frances. New guide to Mexico under the auspices of the Office of the U.S. Coordina- including Lower California. 6. ed. Newly tor of Inter-American Affairs. Written with the coop- revised by Kate Simon. N.Y., 1960. 277 eration of international and accurate governmentinformation rT experts. It providesauthorities useful and p. ius., Maps. , for the traveler and the researcher. Contents: v. 1, One of the best-known guidebooks to Mexico. The Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies: v. 2, author was a long-time resident of that country. Travel Andes and west coast countries; v. 3, east coast coun- data and some additional tourist information on geog-

tries. Includes bibliographies. raphy, climate, history, government, population, folk

. . ; arts, holidays, religious festivals, and dances, and

455. Ibero-Amerikanischer Verein Ham- pronunciation of difficult place names. Illustrated with burg-Bremen. Ibero-Amerika, ein Hand- = ‘™any road maps.

buch. Zusammenstellung und Schrifteil- 462. The West Indies and Caribbean year-

STATISTICAL PUBLICATIONS 45 book, including the Bermudas, the Ba- 468. Brazil. Ministerio das Relacdes Exterhamas, the Guianas, Central America, iores. Brasil. Rio, 1932-. Irregular. Venezuela and .Colombia, 1967. London, Published also insurvey, English, and sometimes in Spanish. n economic and geographic covering demog-

“] 1967. 956 P ° ulus. maps. f inf ti thi raphy, agriculture, industry, trade, finance, and other

n neany @ tmousand pages of information this topics. Also social and cultural conditions. Includes

volume covers the complete field of government, fi- subject index

nance, trade and social economy and meets the needs J :

of the exporter, the business traveller, the touristand 469. Chile. Direccién General de Estadistica

the student.”” Includes Spanish glossary, gazetteer, . ott _ and index. An annual volume, first published in 1927. y Censos. Anuario estadistico, 1848/50-. Santiago de Chile, 1860-.

. . . Chile’s general statistics were first published in 1860,

E. Statistical Publications covering from 1848/58 to 1887/88 (26 v.). Resumed publication in 1909 (3 v.) and 1910 (3 v.). From 1911

sis . _ . on they have appeared in parts, each devoted to a

405. qe —. curas. 1960-. Washingspecificsome subject, such as demography, etc. on, Annual, Title varies; volumes are entitledagriculture, Estadistica Statistical information on the Americas. Published by anual. Starting with 1939, an annual survey of statisthe Pan American Union in eight parts, each dealing tical data called Sinopsis has been published as the with a special topic: (1) demography; (2) agriculture; December issue of the monthly periodical Estadistica

nications, and trade; (5) balance of payments, national . oe

(3) industrial proquction: (4) transportation, commu- _— chilena.

income, currency, and public finances; (6) prices, 470. Colombia. Departamento Administrasalaries, and consumption; (7) social welfare and tivo Nacional de Estadistica. Anuario gen-

labor; and (8) cultural affairs. eral de estadistica. 1905, 1915-. Bogota,

464. Anuario estadistico interamericano. 1917-. Annual. a .

Inter-American Statistical Yearbook. An- ast en en scOsmaphy’ climatology, const

nuaire statistique interamericain. 1940-. figures for administrative regions and main towns,

N.Y., 1940-. births, deaths, marriages, education, health, justice

Edited by R. C. Migone. In Spanish, English, Portu- and crime, wages, labor accidents, agriculture, figuese, and French. Includes statistics on population, _nances, and other subjects.

production, industries, transportation and communica- . . os .

tions, trade, social welfare, finances, education, armed 471. Colombia en cifras: sintes1s de la ac-

forces, health, and international cooperation. Indi- tividad economica, social y cultural de cates sources. Only two volumes published. la nacion, 1945/46-. Bogota, 1946-.

. . : ya ° A publication of the E/ mes financiero y econémico

465. Argentine Republic. Direccion Nacional on the multiple aspects of Colombia by means of

tico. 1944, 1948-. B.A., 1947-. Irregu, lar 472. Demographic yearbook; Annuaire 1948° in two parts: (1) Compendio; (2) Comercio ex- demographique, 1948-. N.Y., 1948-.

terior. 1949-1950 in three parts: (1) Compendio; Annual. _ cial statistics. geographic areas. Statistics on area, population, . . . - . births, deaths, marriage and divorce, and population

(2) Comercio exterior; (3) Estadistica industrial. It | Published by the United Nations Statistical Office in covers physical characteristics, demography, and so- English and French. Demographic data on 250 world

466. Ar gentine Republic. Direccion Nacional characteristics. The 1963 issue has a cumulative subde Estadistica y Censos. Sintesis estadis- ject index covering all preceding volumes.

dae mest nos, 13. enero, 1947—- 473. Encyclopaedie van Nederlandsch

IC., rie es West-Indié, onder redactie van H.D.

Supersedes Boletin mensual de Estadistica issued by . .

the same body. Contents vary. Statistical data on Benjamins en Joh. F. Snelleman. Gravendemography, production, industry, trade, transporta- hage 1914-1917. 782 p. maps. [J.P. | tion, finance, labor, and general and social economic . _. . conditions. From time to time includes census results. 474. Inter American Statistical Institute.

467. Brazil. Instituto Brasileiro de Geogra- Actividades pstacericas ae las 1956_. fia e Estatistica. Anuario estatistico do americanas. ? Hanke, ews ne D nr the “Americas 535. Anderson, Charles W. Political and ave a COMMON HISLOTY + Za Crilique OF tne = economic change in Latin America: the Bolton theory. N.Y., 1964. 269 p. bibl. governing of restless nations. Princeton A selection of studies, published, 388. bibl ? lated to Bolton’s theory onall thepreviously common history of the -re3081967. P. DIDI. Western Hemisphere. A study of the history of the 40 evaluation of the interaction of politics and ecocontroversy, written by the editor, precedes the selec- Omics in Latin America. The author does not accept

tions. the necessity of complete political restructuring for . . ; the sake of economic progress. His specific historical

530. Sanchez Alonso, Benito. Historia de la considerations in Part II concentrate on Central historiografia espanola. Madrid, v. 1, 2. America, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, and

ed., 1947; v. 2-3, 1944-1950. 3 v. (Re- Bollvia. vista de Filologia Espafiola Publica- 536. Calvo, Carlos, ed. Coleccién histérica

ciones). completa de los tratados ... y otros

istorians (1 ing those dealing wi merica) an ss ~

* oe ett trons dealing wath A of Spanist actos diplomAaticos de todos los estados

their works. V. 1, to 1543: v. 2, to 1684: v.3,to 1808, d¢ la America Latina . . . desde el ano

. OT na: ; ; 1869. 11 v.

More informative than critical. [C.B.] de 1493 hasta nuestros dias. Paris, 1862-—

531. Stein, Stanley J. “Latin American his- The value of this collection of treaties and other docutorlogr aphy: Status and research opportu- ments is enhanced by the inclusion of statistics and by nities.”’ Zn, Social science research on _ the historical notes of the editor. [J.C.]

America, , we , °in *4 e sed.aharles 7, -Wagley. bd va

xan (964 5 g ar a Cha SCY: 537, Carranca v Trujillo, Raul. La evolucion

Although the study of Latin American history has at- politica de Iber o-America. Prologo de tracted more attention than any other discipline, it is Rafael Altamira. Madr id, 1925 . 304 p. largely in the last twenty-five to thirty years that the A study of the state in Latin America from the con“national” or ‘‘modern” period has begun to be quest to the time of writing. The major part of the work studied. The Latin American historian must “‘re-ex- concerns the Latin American states after indepenamine prejudices, premises and hypotheses,” particu- dence. It contains valuable comparative notes on the larly at the local level—village, municipal, state, pro- | laws of the various nations.

vincial, or departmental. He should acquire a better . ;

understanding of Latin America’s foreign policy and 538. Christensen, Asher N. The evolution of ‘“‘come to grips’’ with all aspects of conservatism, so Latin American government: a book of predominant in the area. Bibliographical references readings. N.Y., 1951. 747 p. throughout the article and an appended bibliography elected readings from books and articles, introduced

(p. 1 15-124). [S.B.] by thoughtful editorial notes. Many of the items contain considerable historical information.

3. Politics and Government 539. Davis, Harold E., ed. Government and

54 GENERAL politics in Latin America. N.Y., 1958. the United States. It was first published in 1960. The

‘ second edition contains an added chapter on the im539 p. Maps, bibl. ; og: pact of Castro’s Cuba. A cooperatively written text, with contributions by ; . .

eleven scholars. The essays are grouped into three 546. Lieuwen, Edwin. Generals VS. presisections: the dynamics of politics and power; the dents: neomilitarism in Latin America. structure and function of political power: and the ex- N.Y., 1964. 160 p. bibl.

pansion of government. This work supplements Lieuwen’s previous study on

540. Edelmann, Alexander T. Latin Ameri- militarism for the period immediately following the

can government and politics: the dy formation of the Alliance for Progress.

namics of a revolutionary society. Home- “Ny oe ; aoe ane h Richar a Ww. wood, IIl., 1965. 493 p. illus., maps, bibl. eatherhead. folitics Of Change in Latin

A textbook of politics and government in Latin Amer- America. N.Y., 1964. 258 p.

ica, which gives more than usual attention to the his- | 4 Cooperative effort, with contributions by a number torical, social, and economic factors involved, such as Of prominent scholars, such as Richard M. Morse, class, family, education, church, armed forces, agri- Arthur P. Whitaker, Robert J. Alexander, Daniel culture, industry, and labor. The author follows an Cosio Villegas, Stanley R. Ross, Gilberto Freyre, et institutional approach rather than treating the subject al. They apcuss the histotical background of the sub-

by countries. ject as Well as present problems.

541. Fraga Iribarne, Manuel. Sociedad, 548. Needler, Martin C., ed. Political syspolitica y gobierno en Hispanoamérica. S43 of atin america. Princeton, 1964. Madrid, 1962. 686 p. bibl. (Coleccién p. Maps, DIDI. | Instituciones politicas) Essays on each of the Latin American republics, conE ; P litical questi f Latin A tributed by fifteen scholars, largely political scientists. Essays on various political questions of Latin Amer- They contain valuable summaries of political history ica, revised from previous publications by the author. and processes.

Countries that are given specific treatment are Ar- . _— . Cuba, and Puerto Rico. Gil. Governments of Latin America.

gentina, Uruguay, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Panama, 249. Pierson, William W. and Federico G.

. ; ; N.Y., 1957. 514 p. maps, bibl.

542. Hi amill, Hugh M., Jr., ed. Dictatorship A textbook presentation of the political structure of in Spanish America. N.Y., I 965. 242 P- Latin America, elaborated topically rather than by bibl. (Borzoi books on Latin America). countries. Nearly a third of the volume treats of the

e92«ee*

Selected readings from previously published sources, historical development of the political institutions.

some of them translated for this volume. The editor’s . .

introduction and bibliographical note are valuable con- 550. Pp ike, Fredr ick B. Freedom and reform

tributions. in Latin America. Notre Dame, 1959. 543. Johnson, John J. The military and so- 308 p. (International studies of the Comciety in Latin America. Stanford, 1964. versity of Noernationa, Relations. Uni A 308 p. bibl. ; ‘a Latin A ; t A cooperative work, studying the conflicts resulting stu eT he militansm In , an eaarive th: ten th d from the effort to maintain freedom while carrying out part of the areas internal history rather than with a Leform in Latin America and discussing some of the view to international relations. Parts I and II treat of solutions nineteenth- and twentieth-century Spanish America,

while part III studies Brazil. 551. Poppino, Rollie E. International com544. Johnson, John J. Political change in che mor in a ees a nustory ot Latin America: the emergence of the 5 17 "D. Bibl. (Studies in conten,

middle sectors. Stanford, 1958. 272 p. | ati wn ID" tudies in contemporary bibl. (Stanford studies in history, eco- alin AAMeTICA ?. . d political sci 15 The author discusses the reasons for the attraction of

recs. an po mca science ; ) communism for Latin America, the history and struc-

€ author sees the middie sectors Of urban society ture of the communist parties, and the part played by as a rising political force. He gives detailed considera- the Soviet Union. He concludes with a chapter on non tot ueuay Chile, Argentina, Mexico, and Brazil. _ possible future developments.

e bibliography is extensive and annotated. . ; oo 552. Silvert, Kalman H. The conflict so-

545. Lieuwen, Edwin. Arms and politics in ciety: reaction and revolution in Latin Latin America. rev. ed. N.Y., 1961. 335 America. rev. ed. N.Y., 1966. 289 p.

p. bibl. First edition 1961. The revisions are extensive, five

A study of militarism in Latin America, prepared for new chapters replacing four of the original ones. The the Council on Foreign Relations. The first part is a author is a social scientist, studying social change. He historical study of militarism, while the second treats evidences a good grasp of the historical factors inthe military aspects of the Latin American policy of | volved.

LATIN AMERICA 55

ica). ,

553. Whitaker, Arthur P., and David C. 756 p. map. (Seccién de obras de econJordan. Nationalism in contemporary omia). Latin America. N.Y., 1966. 229 p. bibl. A thorough cooperative study of the background of (Studies in contemporary Latin Amer- aearian conditions in Latin America and the effort ears. This work, which concentrates on the period from ¥ _

1930 to the time of writing, tries to show the unityand 559. Gordon, Wendell C. The political econ-

diversity of the development of nationalism in Latin omy of Latin America. N.Y., 1965. 401 America. Ten countries are given specific considerabibl tion: Mexico, Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Peru, p. 01 rer ee

Chile, Uruguay, Venezuela, Bolivia, and Cuba. The author’s aim is to show the need for institutional 554. Wilgus, A. Curtis, ed. South American are two introductory historical chapters, and considerdictators during the first century of inde- able historical material is contained in the treatment of pendence. N.Y., 1963. 502 p. bibl. (Stu- various aspects of the economic structure. This book

; ; change for the sake of economic advancement. There

aoe ae ; Latin A ica (N.Y., 1950). It consists of lectures given during the summer of 560. Hanson, Simon G. Economic developNe J. Pree Rippy,an Lewis sare ment in Latinan America: an introduction . byCleven, K.w Bealer. Manchester, mon R. : : _ Wright. The lectures contain useful biographical in- to the economic problems of Latin Amer dies in Hispanic American affairs 4) is a reworking of the same author’s The economy of

Facsimile reedition of a work first published in 1937. on mee’ . ;

nineteenth century. bibl.

formation on many Latin American strongmen of the ICa. Washington, 1951. 531 p. tables,

The author of this stimulating and controversial study

of Latin American economic development is ex-

4. Economy tremely well informed, iconoclastic, and skeptical of

. ideological generalizations and of human motives,

555. Bain, Harry F., and Thomas T. Read. _ both in Latin America and elsewhere. Though readers Ores and industry in South America. — should read this book in conjunction with other stu-

N.Y., 1934. 381 p. illus., maps, bibl. dies, ey will profit, great osm the strongly pre-

Although there has been extensive development in sented views given in it. [C.C.G. ]

still of value because of its treatment of the histories . ‘ ° . .

mu field since this volume was prepared, the work is 561. Hirschman, Albert O. Journeys toward of the various mineral industries. The treatment is by Pp rOgress: studies of economic Pp olicy-

countries and by mineral industries within the coun- making in Latin America. N.Y., 1963.

tries. The book is an outgrowth of a series of discus- 308 p. sions held by the minerals study group of the Council Problems that are treated specifically are Brazil’s

on Foreign Relations in 1931 and 1932. Northeast, land use and land reform in Colombia,

. . . . and inflation ined. Chile. 556. Bernstein, Marvin, Foreign invest- ; ment in Latin America: cases and atti- 562. Historia y futuro de la economia tudes. N.Y., 1966. 305 p. bibl. Latinoamericana. Mexico, 1967. 675 p.

A selection of readings from previously published ma- illus., maps.

terials, divided into three sections: facts and figures, | A cooperative work prepared principally for business-

case studies, and attitudes. The editor has added an men. Julio Pomar Jiménez supplies a survey of preintroduction and a valuable bibliographical essay. Spanish and colonial commerce, which is followed by a brief history of Latin American commerce from in-

557. Brady, George S., and W. Rodney Long. dependence to the Treaty of Montevideo. The reRailways of South America. Washing- mainder im the work is devoted to contemporary econ-

ton, 1926-1930. 3 v. illus., maps. (U.S. 07% SeveroPments. Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Com- 563. Hughlett, Lloyd J., ed. Industrialization

93), illus., maps.

merce. Trade promotion series 32, 39, of Latin America. N.Y., 1946. 508 p.

Prepared primarily for commercial interests, these A survey of the state of industrialization in Latin volumes contain a great amount of statistical andtech- America after the Second World War. The essays nical data regarding the railways, as well as basic in- were written by contributors who were actively asformation regarding the history of each line. V. 1, sociated with the specific industries. Little attention prepared by George S. Brady, deals with Argentine is given to the historical background of the industries.

railways. V. Uruguay, 2 (Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Guianas, C F.C 0£S Paraguay, Peru, and Venezuela) and V. 3 564. Jones, larence F.64 Commerce outh (Chile) are the work of W. Rodney Long. America. Boston, 1928. 584 p. illus., maps, bibl.

558. Delgado, Oscar, ed. Reformas agrarlas A study of the development of the trade and commerce

en la América Latina. México, 1965. of the ten South American countries up to the time of

S56 GENERAL

writing. After a general introductory chapter on South ment, from which arise the tensions for social revolu-

American trade, separate consideration is given to tionin Latin America. each country. A final chapter discusses international . . . competition in South American trade. 571. Teichert, Pedr oC, M. Economic policy

; ; . revolution and industrialization in Latin

565. Joslin, David. A century of banking in America. University, Miss., 1959. 282 p.

Latin America, to commemorate the bibl.

centenary in 1962 of the Bank of London 4 study of the change in Latin American economic & South America Limited. London, 1963. policy toward planned development and industrializa-

307 p. illus., maps. ton. Considerable attention is given to the historical

A history of the British banks in Latin America that actors Involved. Uruguay 1s given special treatment.

went into the formation of the Bank of London and 572. United Nations. Department of Eco-

South America, written at the request of this institu- a : "pe: . .

tion. The author admits a severe limitation of primary homic and Social Affairs. Las INVerslONnes

source materials. extranjeras en America Latina. N. Y., 566. Pan American Union. Division of Eco- — 95°. 180 Be TCA eon nomic Research. The foreign trade of rrmentol E ‘ this study gives M analysis of the

Latin America singe 1913. Washington, general tendencies of investment in Latin America and

I 952. 216 p. a a comparison of the policies followed by the Latin

This work is adequately described in the preface as ““a_ American countries. The second part has a separate

statistical summary of the import and export trade in chapter for each country, in which the history and terms of value only, prefaced with general observa- current state of the external public debt and other tions of the country distribution of imports and ex- foreign investments is given, as well as a résumé of the ports since 1913 and the general structure of the com- laws and of the principal aspects of national policy modity trade in 1948.” In general the datagiveninthe that affect foreign private investments. The appendix statistical tables are for the years 1913, 1929, 1938, contains twenty-eight statistical tables related pri-

and 1945 through 1950. marily to the historical part of the work.

567. Rippy, J. Fred. British investments in 573, United Nations. Economic Commission

Latin America, 1822-1949: a case study for Latin America. Economic survey of in the operations of private enterprise in Latin America. 1948-. N.Y. Annual. retarded regions. Hamden, Conn., 1966. A very valuable reference series for economic de-

249 p. map, bibl. velopments in Latin America during the years since

A scholarly study of the subject, first published in the Second World War.

1959. Part I is a general historical survey for the . ° . ee

whole of Latin America; Part II treats the subject by 574. United Nations. Economic Commission

countries; and Part III studies the question in a global for Latin America. Report. 1948/49-.

setting. The work is based largely on statistics pub- N.Y. Annual. :

lished in the South American Journal and estimates in This report, published as a supplement to the official

maps, bibl. . . ;

British official documents. [C.C.G. | records of the Economic and Social Council of the

. : . United Nations, presents an annual review of the ac-

568. Rippy , J. Fred. Latin America and the tivities and publications of the Economic Commission industrial age. 2. ed. N.Y., 1947. 291 p. — for Latin America.

A history of modern technological development in 575. U.S. Tariff Commission. The foreign Latin America, first published in 1944. The second trade of Latin America. A report on the edition contains a chapter on manufacturing not found trade of Latin America with special rein the first. Major attention is devoted to the nine- ference to trade with the United States

teenth century. .. :

under the provisions of title III, part II, 569. Romano, Ruggiero. Cuestiones de his- section 332 of the Tariff act of 1930 . . . toria economica latinoamericana. Cara- 2. ed. rev. Washington, 1942. 3 v. in 4.

cas, 1966. 62 p. (Publicaciones de la illus., maps, (/ts report 146. Second Escuela de Historia. Serie: Varia 2). series).

The three historical essays in this small volume treat This three-part report on Latin American trade for of Spanish American economy during the colonial the years 1929-1938 was first published in 1939period, particularly in regard to the question of prices. 1940. The first part treats of the trade of Latin Amer-

570. Ruiz Garcia, Enrique. América Latina: '¢4.@8 @ whole; the second surveys the commercial

ia ddelucién. Madrid foreign of the individual anatomia una revo . >» policy and theand third deals trade individually with somecountries; thirty se-

1966. 539 p. bibl. lected Latin American export commodities. A study of the various social and economic factors, sue . eo aiege ,

such as the population explosion, agrarian problems, 576. Urquidi, Victor L. Viabilidad economurbanization, and economic and educational develop- ica de América Latina. México, 1962.

LATIN AMERICA 57 205 p. tables. on international trade union organizations. The point

A very useful brief assessment of Latin American of view of the author is that of the anti-communist economic development and problems up to the time of | democratic left.

the Alliance for Progress. English translation: The sys gs a challenge of development in Latin America, tr. Mar- 583. Arcos, Juan. El sindicalismo en Ameri-

jory M. Urquidi (N.Y., 1964). ca Latina. Bogota, ] 964. 192 p. bibl. 577. Winkler, Max. Investments of United ar sociologicos —_latino-ameriStates capital in saan America. Boston, A study prepared for the International Federation of 1928. 297 p. (Wor d Peace Foundation. Catholic Institutes of Social and Socio-religious Re-

Pamphlets, v. xi, no. 6). search. It treats of continental labor movements in

An early summary of the subject, considered by coun- the first chapter, and in the following ones it studies tries, with introductory chapters on its history and the development of trade unionism in ten major coungeneral features. It contains useful statistical data for tries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador,

the quarter century before publication. Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Venezuela). 578. Wionczek, Miguel S., ed. Latin Ameri- 584, Poblete Troncoso, Moisés. El movimien-

can economic integration. N.Y., 1966. to obrero latinoamericano. México, 1946.

310 p. bibl. 7 . 296 p. bibl. (Colecci6n Tierra firme 17).

Revision and translation of a work originally published One of the first efforts to write a general history of in Spanish (México, 1964). It is a cooperative assess- Jabor unions in Latin America. The historical section ment of the development of the Latin American Free of the work, in which the history of the unions is given Trade Association and the Central AmericanCommon py countries, is preceded by chapters on the backMarket during their first years of existence. [B.W. ] ground and legal right of union organization and is fol-

579. Wythe, George. Industry in Latin wed by chapters on international aspects of Latin

America. 2. ed. N.Y., 1949. 371 p. bibl.

A careful study of the industrial development of Latin 585. Poblete Troncoso, Moisés, and Ben G.

main general aspects of Latin America industrial1960.sass 179. p. ization, the author studies developments country by lab abort N.Y.. movement.

country. bibl.. . ey andidentify analvre laborganizations The authors and analyze labor

580. Wy the, George. An outline of Latin ona country basis but perhaps do not give an adequate

American economic developments. interpretation of the significance of the movements. N.Y., 1947. 266 p. illus., maps. (College The volume also gives useful information on labor

: : law, labor politics, oe and inter-American labor oroutline .sseries). . and . . ganizations.

A general survey, containing considerable historical

material. In four parts it treats of basic concepts, 586. Reiser, Pedro. L’Organisation Régionmajor economic activities, foreign commerce, and the ale Interaméricaine des Travailleurs

evolution of Pan American commercial policy. (O.R.LT.) de la Confédération Interna-

5.. de Labor tionale des Sindicats (C.I.S.L.) 1951 a 1961. Genéve,Libres 1962. 268 p.

581. Alba, Victor. Historia del movimiento bibl. (Etudes d’histoire economique, poliobrero en América Latina. México, 1964. tique et sociale 39).

598 p. bibl. A monographic study of the background, history,

A general history of Latin American labor movements. Structure, ang acuvities Oe et Cet RIT Introduced by a study of the background of the move- . 4g. hee of organizations affiliated with it oe ment, the main part of the book is devoted to political labor movements (anarchosyndicalist, socialist, com- . ° 7 . munist, and others) and syndicalism, or trade union- 587. Snow, Sinclair. The Pan-American

ism. Syndicalism is studied by countries, with a final Federation of Labor. Durham, N.C., chapter on continental organizations. The appendixes 1964. 159 p. bibl.

contain a bibliography and forty-five statistical tables. A well-documented study of the history of the Pan-

. American Federation of Labor from its founding to in Latin America. N.Y., 1965. 274 p. world wars.

America). .

582. Alexander, Robert J. Organized labor its demise in the years between the first and second

bibl. (Studies in contemporary Latin One of the few adequate works in English on or- 6. Society and Culture

ganized labor in Latin America. The first chapters . . treat of the background, political involvement, and 588. Adams, Richard N., et al. Social change collective bargaining practices. The author then stu- In Latin America today: its implications dies the movement by areas, with a concluding chapter for United States policy. N.Y., 1960.

58 GENERAL

353 p. Byrdclyffe, Woodstock, New York,

A cooperative study of social change in Latin Amer- August, 1939. N.Y., 1940. 234 p.

ica, prepared for the Council on Foreign Relations. It Papers on the cultural and social history of Latin concentrates on the twenty years immediately pre- America by Richard F. Pattee, Fernando de los Rios, ceding the writing. [here is a general statement On Gilberto Freyre, Charles Griffin, Nathaniel Weyl, social change in Latin America and U.S. policy by William Berrien, Robert C. Smith, Concha Romero John P. Gillin, followed by essays on particular areas: James, and Amanda Labarca Hubertson. They treat Peru, by Allan R. Holmberg; Bolivia, by Richard W. music, art, education, and literature, as well as the Patch; Brazil, by Charles Wagley; Guatemala, by social background of culture in both Spanish and PorRichard N. Adams; and Mexico, by Oscar Lewis. tuguese America. It is a useful, brief introduction to

589. Arciniegas, German. E] continente de re, subjects fqeated, though now considerably dated.

siete colores: historia de la cultura en SSN ;

América Latina. B.A., 1965. 723 p. 594. Harris, Marvin. Patterns of race in the

bibl. (Coleccién Ensayos). Americas. N.Y., 1964. 154 p. illus.,

English translation: Latin America: a cultural history, maps, bibl. (The Walker summit library tr. Joan MacLean (N.Y., 1967). A general survey 1).

from pre-Spanish times to the contemporary scene A carefully argued and provocative attack upon the by a Colombian liberal man of letters, stressing culture §Freyre-Tannenbaum-Elkins thesis of the ‘‘friendly”

in both the anthropological and esthetic sense, and Latin versus the ‘“‘brutal” Anglo-Saxon slaveowner.

with detailed treatment of social, intellectual, and [S.S.]

literary evolution of Latin America. It contains a . . |

. . . . we egro. rances . erskovits, ed.

valuable bibliography for cultural history. me Herskovits, vewns J Wes eee wor

aor vio oauey a aan tan 967 Bloomington, Ind., 1966. 370 p. illus., yn. Mat period. IN. i. bibl. (Selected papers in Afro-american Ixxxvi, 812 p. illus., maps, bibl. studies) Reprint of a text first published in 1945. A lengthy F h ° i ous! blished

new bibliographical introduction has been included for orty-three papers, all previously published, covering

works that appeared during the intervening years. 2 broad range of topics concerning the New World The author’s aim is to show the evolution of Latin N¢8ro, with heaviest emphasis on Dutch Guiana and America (both Spanish and Portuguese) during the Brazil.

colonial period through the interworking of Indian, 596, Klein, Herbert S. Slavery in the AmerEuropean, and African cultures. It is unusual for the icas: a comparative study of Virginia and

extent of the coverage of economic and social themes, : : Pp y &

indicating considerable original research. The treat- Cuba. Chicago, 1967. 270 p. tables.

ment is mildly Hispanist and critical of exaggerated | 4 comparative history of Negro slavery in Virginia

“‘indigenista”’ attitudes. and Cuba, in which the author brings out the differ-

. , _ ences between the two systems and the origins of the

591. Estudio sobre el mestizaje en América: resultant differences in later interracial relations. A contribucién al XXXVI Congreso In- contribution to the controversy concerning the nature ternacional de Americanistas. RI, v. 24, of slavery in the various regions of the Americas.

nos. 95-96, jul.-dic., 1964: 354 p. illus., 597. MacLean y Estendés, Roberto. Negros

maps, bibl. en el Nuevo Mundo. Lima, 1948. 158 p.

A special double issue of the RI. Besides general ar- (Coleccion Mundo nuevo).

ticles on the topic, there are specific studies on the Largely devoted to the sociological evaluation of the Circum-Caribbean region, Peru, and Ecuador. Con- Negro population in the Western Hemisphere at the tributors are Edward H. Spicer, Fernando Camara time of writing, with chapters on the historical back-

Barbachano, Birgitte Leander, Magnus Morner, ground. Much space is given to a discussion of the

Richard N. Adams, Remy Bastien, Gabriel Escobar US. Negro, now largely out of date.

M., Paulo de Carvalho-Neto, P. H. Saldanha, and . .

Claudio Esteva-Fabregat. 598. Morner, Magnus. Race mixture in the 592. Franco, Jean. The modern culture of history, of Latin America. Boston, 1967. Latin America: society theof artist. p. IMUs., Maps, DIDI. the European, . . and study the ,relationship between

London, 1967. 339 Pp. illus., bibl. Indian, and Negro races in Latin America from the

The author maintains that in Latin America, more than conquest period to modern times. A penetrating sumin other parts of the world, the artist tends to reflect mary of the history of interracial relations.

social change in his work. Taking 1888 as a starting . ; . ;

date, the author explores artists’ attitudes toward so- 599. Pan American Union. Social Science ciety to see how they reflect it in their work. He deals Section. Materiales para el estudio de la primarily with literature, but also considers painting clase media en la América Latina. Theo

and architecture. [B.W. | , °

R. Crevenna, ed. Washington, 1950593. Griffin, Charles C., ed. Concerning 1951. 6 v. (Publicaciones de la Oficina Latin American culture: papers read at de Ciencias Sociales).

LATIN AMERICA 59 These volumes are composed of monographs on the 1954. 429 p. illus., maps.

middle class in the various Latin American countries, A study of the history of various racial and social ele-

in the following order: v. 1. Argentina and Uruguay; ments derived from the colonial period that are of v. 2. Mexico and Cuba; v. 3. Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, primary importance in the social composition of pres-

and Paraguay; v. 4. Panama, El Salvador, Honduras, — ent-day Latin America. and Nicaragua; v. 5. Costa Rica, Haiti, and Vene- _. zuela; and v. 6. Colombia, Ecuador, and Dominican 605. Tannenbaum, Frank. Slave and citizen:

Republic. the Negro in the Americas. N.Y., 1947. 600. Ramos, Artur. As culturas negros 128 p. | -

no Novo Mundo. Rio. 1937. 399 p. In a brilliant essay ranging from origins of the slave

1 (Biblioth d dj de ? loz ~- . - trade to slave modern times, the author arguesforthat variant illus. (Bibliotheca divulgacao scientisystems are largely responsible patterns of

fica 12). race relations in contemporary North and Latin Amer-

A now-classic study of the acculturation of the Negro ica. Influenced by Freyre’s assessment of Iberian in the various parts of the New World in which his slavery with its presumed emphasis upon “favoring presence has been of importance, preceded by a sec- of manumission.”’ An influential study. [S.S. ]

tion on African culture and concluded with a general : . . consideration of the problem of acculturation. A 606. Wilgus, A. Curtis, ed. Modern HisSpanish translation by Ernestina de Champourcin, panic America. Washington, 1933. 631 with a glossary of terms by Jorge A. Vivo, appeared p. (Studies in Hispanic American affairs

in Mexico in 1943. 1).

601. Rosenblat, Angel. La poblacién in- A series of lectures presented by various Latin Ameridigena y el mestizaje en América. B.A canists at George Washington University during the

1954.2. 7" summer principally on modern Latin Amer-2 V.illULUS. ; . ica, of but1932, with introductory papers on the colonial pe-

One of the most penetrating general studies of the ;iod. The contributors include Mary Wilhelmine

history of the native population and racial mixture in Williams, Samuel Guy Inman, Cecil Knight Jones, J. the Western Hemisphere, with particular emphasis on Fred Rippy, and James Alexander Robertson. The Spanish America. The author has used chronicles and papers are dated but are valuable for their view of historical accounts to good advantage and has made a_—_ Latin American society contemporary to the time of

conclusions are arguable. ; desde losP tiempos masCarlos. remotos. , eye , 1936. 5v 607. Alfaro, GuiaHabana, apostolica latinovaluable compilation of data, although some of his writing. They lack notes and bibliography.

602. Saco, José A. Historia de la esclavitud 7. Religion and Church

Included in this general study of slavery from ancient americana. Barcelona, 1965. 591 p.

times (originally published in 1875-1879) is a two- A directory of the Catholic hierarchy and Catholic volume survey of the institution as it affected the Organizations, exclusive of religious orders. It was Spanish American colonies. V. 4 and 5 bear the sub- Prepared for the Latin American Council of Bishops title Historia de la esclavitud de la raza africana en el (CELAM). It gives historical and organizational data nuevo mundo y en especial en los paises hispano- regarding the various organizations.

americanos. Books 7 and 8 in v. 5 are particularly use- 608. Barbieri, Sante Uberto. Land of EI-

ful for anofunderstanding of the forces thethe ex-orado. d do. IN.Y., N.Y.. 1961. 161 I]DIDI. bibl pansion the Spanish Antillean slavebehind trade in : P. HIUS.,

late nineteenth century as well as the impact in the A brief exposition of the history of Christianity, esarea of the abolition of slavery in the British Carib- Pecially Protestantism, in Latin America, written from bean. The appendix in v. 5 has documents on the ac- 4 Protestant point of view. Although not very accurate

tion of the Real Sociedad Econémica de la Habanaon __ in its presentation of earlier history, it is important for

expanding the slave trade, Varela’s abolition plan of its history of the development of Protestantism in 1823, and the report on the condition of Cuba’s popu- Latin America.

lation in 1839. [G.K.] . 609. Damboriena, Prudencio. El protestan-

603. Sanchez, Luis A. Examen espectral tismo en América Latina. Bogota, 1962de América Latina: civilizacion y cultura, 1963. 2 v. maps, bibl. (Estudios socioesencia de la tradicion, ataque y defensa religiosos latino-americanos 12). del mestizo. 2. ed. B.A., 1962. 240 p. Historical and statistical examination of the activities

Second edition of the work published in 1945 under _ of the Protestant churches in Latin America. Although

the title ¢Existe América Latina? A study of Latin not sympathetic to the Protestant cause, this is perAmerican society in its unity and diversity, from a_ haps the most thoroughgoing study of their activities. historical point of view, with particular attention to The first volume deals with history and methods of its racial components. The author, a prominent Protestantism in Latin America; the second analyzes Aprista, emphasizes the significance of the Indianand the present condition of Protestantism, first by coun-

the mestizo. tries and then by churches.

604. Schurz, William L. This New World: 610. D’Antonio, William V., and Fredrick

the civilization of Latin America. N.Y., B. Pike, eds. Religion, revolution, and

60 GENERAL reform: new forces for change in Latin co, there was greater detail in the first edition.

America. N.Y., 1964. 276 p. bibl. _ 616. Rippy, J. Fred, and Jean Thomas Notre 1963 in to Latin inquire into theValuable role of relibv Willis Ch 1ape Hill gion inDame socialin change America. dis- dtrate y MMSPhvsi F ysioc. Il, Papers from a conference held at the University of Nelson. Crusaders of the jungle. L[llus-

cussion of the influence of religion on contemporary N.C., 1936. 401 p. illus., map.

Latin American society. A history of the principal missions on the frontiers of

. . : tropical South America during the colonial period,

611. Houtart, Francois, and Emile Pin. The exclusive of the Jesuit missions of Paraguay. Now Church and the Latin American revolu- _ badly out of date, but one of the few books in English

tion. Gilbert Barth, tr. N.Y., 1965. 264 onthe subject. p. bibl.

A sociological study of religious conditions in Latin . America, based on the researches of FERES (inter- 8. Art and Music national Federation of Catholic Institutes for Socio- 647 Angulo Iiguez, Diego, Enrique Marco sections: a brief historical introduction, a study of Dorta, and Mario J. Buschiazzo. Historia social change, and a treatment of the role of the church del arte hispanoamericano. Barcelona, in social change. Although written by Catholic priests, 1945-1956. 3 v. illus., bibl.

Religious and Social Research). It consists of three ° . on .

,b°3

it is frequently critical of the Catholic church’s posi- —_A_ profusely illustrated work, this is the first compre-

tion. hensive survey of the history of colonial Latin Amer612. Howard, George P. We Americans ican art. Two chapters are devoted to Brazilian art.

north and south. N.Y., 1951.148p.map, 618. Gillet, Louis. L’art dans |’ Amérique

bibl. Latine. In Michel, André, ed. Histoire

A short summary of the religious history of Latin de lart depuis les premiers temps

America, written from a Protestant viewpoint. The chrétiens jusqu’a nos jours (8 v. in 17: author is not careful about historical Paris. 1905-1929) pecially foralways the Spanish period, but hefacts, doeses-give useful aris, NV. 8, pt. 3 929), p. biographical information regarding some of the impor- 1019-1096. illus., bibl. tant figures of Latin American Protestantism. A concise history of Latin American art from the Con-

° . t to the ti f writing.

613. Leturia, Pedro. Relaciones entre la 7 . men ene a

Santa Sede e Hispanoamérica. Roma, 619. Guido, Angel. Redescubrimiento de

1959-1960. 3 v. bibl. (Analecta gre- America en el arte. 3. ed. B.A., 1944.

goriana 101-103. Serieson Facultatis - 769 p. illus. +=. 1, oes . _ ssays various Hisaspects, localities, and localit personali-

A toriae Ecclesiasticae, sectio “A, n. a) op ties of importance in the colonial and modern art of colection Of articles and Cocuments, MOS America, principally Spanish America and Brazil. were published by Fr. Leturia before his death in Well illustrated

1955. The first volume deals with the colonial period; "

the second treats the epoch of Bolivar (1800-1835); 620. Hague, Eleanor. Latin American music,

the third contains appendixes and documents relative past_ and present. Santa Ana, Calif.,

° ees mess : | 1934. 98 p. illus., bibl.

614. Mackay, John A. The other Spanish A brief history of Latin American music, considering Christ: a study in the spiritual history of Spanish and Indian contributions in quite general

Spain and South America. N.Y., 1932. "™™s-

288 p. map. 621. Kelemen, Pal. Baroque and rococo in

An interpretation of the religious history of South Latin America. 2. ed. N.Y., 1967. 2 v.

America, written from a Protestant point of view and illus., bibl. ae unsympamene toware Catholicism. crves . Second edition of an interpretation of the art of colocm for the period vrecedine the svetematic Protestant wa! Spanish America and Brazil, first published in expansion there. preceding the systemattc rrotestan 1951. In this edition v. | contains the text and v. 2

P ere. the illustrations.

615. Mecham, J- Loyd. Churct anc State in 622. Kubler, George, and Martin Soria. Art

clesiastical relation ney Yr Chapel and architecture in Spain and Portugal

: S. Tev. ed. P and their American dominions, 1500-

2: , . Baltimore, 1959. xxvin, 445 p.,

In tothis edition hasrelarevised and brought aT . . history . up datesecond his important studyMecham of church-state illus., maps, bibl. (The Pelican tions, which first appeared in 1934. The work deals of art).

with the national period, with introductory chapters The arts of colonial Latin America are described in on the colonial and independence periods. The treat- _ relation to their Spanish and Portuguese background. ment is by countries. For some areas, especially Mexi- The section on architecture is by Kubler: those on

LATIN AMERICA 6] sculpture and painting are by Soria. de Edmundo Escobar. México, 1968.

623. Mayer-Serra, Otto. Musica y misicos 799 p. illus., bibl. | |

de Latinoamérica. México. 1947. 2 v The final section (p. 672-790) is devoted to the his-

Ilus . , " ‘tory of philosophy in Latin America.

An encyclopedic dictionary of no American music 63]. Povina, Alfredo. Nueva historia de la and musicians. A very helpful reference work. sociologia latinoamericana. Cérdoba, Ar-

624. Seeger, Charles L., comp. Music in gentina, 1959. 492 p. bibl. Latin America. Washington, 1942. 73 p. A history of sociology and sociological thought in illus., bibl. (Club and study series 3). Latin America. After a general introductory chapter The volume consists of three chapters on the history the treatment Is by countries, with by far the most of Latin American music, three on contemporary ¢Xtensive treatment given to Argentina. A lengthy music, and a summary. It is compiled from the works final section lists programs of sociology in Latin

of seven other writers. American universities. Valuable as one of the few

; ; ; works on the subject. 625. Slonimsky, Nicolas. Music of LatinAmerica. N.Y., 1945. 374 p. illus. 632. Romero, Francisco. Sobre la filosofia

After four chapters of general background considera- en America. B.A., 1942. 135 -p. illus. tions, the work treats of music and musicians in each (Problemas de la cultura en América 1). of the Latin American nations. A dictionary of musi- A brief study of philosophy and philosophers in the cians, songs and dances, and musical instruments con- Western Hemisphere, devoted principally to Latin

cludes the volume. American thinkers of the twentieth century. 9. Thought 633. Sanchez Reulet, Anibal, ed. La filosofia

latinoamericana contemporanea. Wash-

626. Crawford, William R. A century of ington, 1949. 370 p. bibl.

Latin-American thought. rev. ed. Cam- An anthology of selected writings by twelve Latin

bridge, Mass., 1961. 322 p. bibl. American thinkers of recent times. The editor dis-

A brief study of thirty-five outstanding thinkers of _ ™!sses Latin American thinkers prior to the late Latin America since independence, valuable as an 1800 s as lacking in creative originality. English ver-

introduction to the subject. sion (Albuquerque, N. Mex., 1954).

: : . . O1DI.

627. Davis, Harold E., ed. Latin American 634. Whitaker, Arthur P., ed’ Latin America

social thought: the history of its develop- aneibl Enlightenment. N.Y., 1942. 229 meni since Independence 063. Te erecta Essays by Arthur P. Whitaker, Roland D. Hussey,

8S. & ’ ° p. : * Harry Bernstein, John Tate Lanning, Arthur Scott

An anthology selected from the works of prominent —Ajton, and Alexander Marchant, with an introduction

thinkers and political leaders of Latin America sincێ by Federico de Onis. The second edition (Ithaca, independence. The editor supplied a general intro- Ny. 1961) substitutes an essay by Charles C. Griffin duction, as well as introductions to each of the four for the one by Aiton and includes a select list of books parts of the work and biobibliographical studies of and articles on the subject published after 1941. The

each author. essays show the effects of the Enlightenment on both

628. Insta Rodriguez, Ramon. Historia de SPanish and Portuguese America.

la filosofia en Hispanoamérica. 2. ed. 635. Zea, Leopoldo. Dos etapas del pen-

Guayaquil, 1949. 339 p. ({Publica- samiento en Hispanoamerica. De: TOciones | Ciencias historico-sociales 3). manticismo al positivismo. México,

A survey, first published in 1945, of the history of 1949. 396 p.

philosophical thought in Spanish America from the Presents the main currents of thought in the ninediscovery to the twentieth century. It includes no teenth century in which Spanish American philosophilosophers who were living at the time of writing. phers have groped for a solution of their problems. It suffers from a lack of adequate monographic cover-__[I.L. ]

age of this field.

629. Kempff Mercado, Manfredo. Historia 10. Literature (Irving A. Leonard)

de Chile, 1958. 218 p. bibl. , , . de la filosofia en Latinoamérica. Santiago a. General Works

A survey of the principal movements in Latin Ameri- 636. Alegria, Fernando. Breve historia de

can philosophy from colonial times to the time of la novela hispanoamericana. Mexico, writing. Divides the field into Scholastic, Modern, and 1959. 280 p. (Manuales Studium 10).

Actual. A useful treatment in chronological order of esthetic

630. L F . Francisco. Sj hi . movements national period, with brief - Larroyo, istema e istoria during chapter onthe colonial antecedents. Bibliographies inde las doctrinas filos6ficas. ColaboraciOn — cluded.

62 GENERAL 637. Anderson-Imbert, Enrique. Historia de dence to the Mexican Revolution; (3) From the Mexila literatura hispanoamericana 4. ed can Revolution to the present; subperiods within each se ‘bl1962. oo.2|v.division, and del each into literary Mexico, bibl. (Breviarios tes: subperiod prose, poetry, divided drama. Contributors include genIrving

Fondo de Cultura Economica 89, 156). A. Leonard and John A. Crow.

A panorama of Spanish American letters arranged a ; ; chronologically: (1) La Colonia; (2) Cien afios de re- 644. Jones, Willis K. Behind Spanish Amerpublica: (3) Epoca contemporanea, with subperiods or ican footlights. Austin, 1966. 609 p. bibl. cegmerations eating all rary genres and wrie'> compendium of fur and a half centuries of Spanish

in narrative form. English translation by John V. Fal- av : By) ene IOP _ OPE»

conierl, Spanish American literature (Detroit, 1963) table Who's Who” of its subject, with a crowded

, , ‘ index of 42 pages, andbibliography. as many more devoted to a

, a ~ . . nish American 290 p. bibl literature in translation. N.Y., 1963-

638. Cometta Manzoni, Aida. E] indio en la — , , poesia de América espafiola. B.A., 1939, 49: Jones, Willis Kk Spa A valuable study tracing the literary incorporation of V 1706. 2 V. bibl. £ t dd

the Indian from early colonial letters through various bef CORRS. se sons 5 ns ane D geti sand artistic movements to the contemporary period. CIOre 1006, Vv. 4, selecuions Of poetry, fevon, an drama since 1888.

o Gr 0 twel Raymone ‘i 3 reverence IN- 646. Lazo, Raimundo. Historia de la literaex to twelve thousand spanish Ameri- tura hispanoamericana. México, 1967.

can authors. N.Y., 1939. 150 p. (Inter- rv

American Bibliographical and Library a broad synthesis in essay form, printed in two Association publications series 3, v. 1). columns per page, and organized by regions and coun-

Alphabetical list of writers with indication of national- _ tries, with a summary of geographical, historical, so-

ity and dates. cial, and psychological backgrounds. Discussion by . . . . genres (poetry, prose, drama, essays, novels, etc.);

1960-1961. 2 v. ;

640. Hamilton, Carlos Depassier. Historia comments on writers and their works frequently inde la literatura hispanoamericana. N.Y., clude brief quotations from the latter.

The author properly describes this work as an “‘Intro- 647. Mead, Robert G. Breve historia del

duction to Hispanic American literature.” In sub- ensayo hispano americano. Mexico, stance it lies between a manual and a formal history, 1956. 142 p. (Manuales Studium 3).

with the colonial and nineteenth centuries discussed The first brief study of the essay as a literary genre and

in v. |, and twentieth-century letters in v. 2. a vehicle of ideas.

641. Henriquez Urena, Pedro. Las cor- 648. Menéndez y Pelayo, Marcelino. Hisrientes literarias en la America hispanica. toria de la poesia hispanoamericana. San-

reine 340pretensions p. - let 7 tander, 1948. 2 v. (Edicién de ough1949. without of completeness, it gives nacional Z a panoramic view of literature and, incidentally, of las obras completas de Menéndez Pelayo other humanistic arts. Published first in English as 27-28). .

Literary currents in Hispanic America (Cambridge, First published in the 1890's it remains one of the

1945)., most important critical surveys byhistorians. one of Spain’s - . . greatest literary and intellectual

642. Henriquez Urena, Pedro. Historia de _ la cultura en la América Hispanica. Méx- 649. Pan American Union. Diccionario de

ico, 1947. 241 p. illus., map. (Coleccion la literatura latinoamericana. WashingTierra firme 28). ton, 1957-. | .

A general sketch of the varied aspects of Hispanic Alphabetical listing of authors, with brief biographiAmerican arts and culture. Tr., with asupplementary cal sketch and a brief evaluation of each author’s chapter bringing the account to 1962, by Gilbert Chase significance. Part 1, Bolivia; Part 2, Chile; Part 3,

as A Brief History of Hispanic American Culture Colombia; Part 4, Argentina; and Part 5, Ecuador.

(Baton Rouge, 1964). Short bibliographies appended.

643. Instituto Internacional de Literatura 650. Sanchez, Luis A. Escritores representa-

Iberoamericana. An outline history of tivos de América. Madrid, 1957. 2 v. Spanish American literature. John E. (Biblioteca romdanica hispdnica 2. Englekirk, ed. 3. ed. N_Y., 1965. 252 Pp. Estudios y ensayos 33).

maps, bibl. Discussion of significant writers and their writings

A detailed manual of selected writers, with an exten- from earliest times to the contemporary period.

sive bibliography, organized into three periods: (1) ; . ; ; From discovery to independence; (2) From indepen- 651. Sanchez, Luis A. Nueva historia de la

g : ,;

LATIN AMERICA 63 literatura americana: desde los origenes' A brief but perceptive study of the diffusion of a style hasta nuestros dias. B.A., 1950. 598 p. that strongly influenced colonial letters in the seven-

bibl teenth and eighteenth centuries.

A comprehensive survey, mainly by genres and liter- 659. Gutiérrez, Juan M. . Escritores colo-

ary movements, with an appendix appraising recent niales americanos. Edicion, prologo y

(1916-1944) literary tendencies. notas de Gregorio Weinberg. B.A., 1957.

652. Sanchez, Luis A. Proceso y contenido 474 p. (Biblioteca Juan Maria Gutiede la novela hispanoamericana. Madrid, _ Irez). 1953. 664 p. (Biblioteca romanica his- Stl useful critical studies of Feraita Barnuevo, Fray

panica 2. Estudios y ensayos 11). Juana Inés de la Cruz. Juan B. Aguine. Ons. and

A critical study of ,the nature, growth,byand develop- eae eeessayist na en Vu » BI P- Pablo de Olavide, a nineteenth-century

ment of the novelistic genre, divided into five parts. (1809-1878).

653. Spell, Jefferson R. Rousseau in the 660. Moses, Bernard. Spanish colonial litSpanish world before 1833: a study in erature in South America. N.Y., 1922.

errs literary relations. Aus- — Hispanic 66] p. illus., map. (Hispanic notes and in, p. monographs. American serie A broad study of the infiltration of Rousseau’s ideas 1) era P Series

into Spain and Spanish America in two phases: ‘““The ; , ae .

Dissemination, 1743-1793” and ““The Germination, A useful P yoneer wor covering literature in its broad 1793-1833.” Appendix reproduces Pygmalion, first and ecel to inc al “i story, geograpnical description,

work openly published in Spain; extended bibliogra- an ludir vere America an dthec as Delles lettres, phy of Spanish translations of Rousseau’s writings. excluding Middle America and the Caribbean.

654. Torres Rioseco, Arturo. The epic of oot irent Rocamora, José L. El teatro en Latin American literature. rev. ed. N.Y.., Tis v bibl colonial. B.A., 1947. 534 p.

1946. 280 p. -» DIDI. | | |

A general account with chapters devoted mainly to A country. ¥-counry survey aa a_city-by-city

romantic and modernist movements, and such genres survey a th ac i, countrys wit f ate uable uncexes of

as gaucho literature and the novel, with a final chapter lust S i au with ten ut abi ays; hh yc dit

giving a brief survey of Brazilian letters. unpublished as well as published tes y incluems 655. Zaldumbide, Gonzalo. Cuatro clasicos

americanos. Rodd, Montalvo, fray

Gaspar de Villarroel, J.B. Aguirre. c. Since Independence

Madrid, 1951. 269 p. (Coleccion ‘“*Am- . wae .

bos mundos”) p. (Coleccion “Am 662. Carilla, Emilio. El romanticismo en la Useful essays on conspicuous and influential figures America hisp anic a. Madrid, 1958. 512 Pp.

of the colonial and republicanme periods. BiDiioteca al hispanica, serie 2. Estudios y ensayos).

656. Zum Felde, Alberto. Indice critico de A detailed study of this artistic movement, indicating la literatura hispanoamericana. México, | its European origins and influences and its manifesta-

1954. 2 v. tions in the language and various literary genres of

A work of depth dealing with ideas and criticism in both Spanish America and Brazil.

theirstfirst vol d tive literature i , . volume and narrative literature in the second 663. Davison, Ned J. The concept of modb. Colonial Period emsm OG 6 teep.. critersm. Boulder, olo., bibl. 657. Arrom, José J. El teatro de Hispano- A digest and source book usefully indicating the status américa en la época colonial. Habana, or Studies of Modernism and the needs of further in-

1956. 233 p. illus., bibl. se

A well-documented survey from the Indian legacy to 664. Fitts, Dudley, ed. Anthology of conthe end of the eighteenth century, in five chapters, two temporary Latin American poetry. Nor-

of which are devoted to the baroque theater. folk. Conn.. 1947. 677 p

658. Carilla, Emilio. El gongorismo en A bilingual edition, with Spanish and English on facing América. B.A., 1946. 245 p. (Facultad de pages. Brie’ biobibllographical notes for each author Filosofia y Letras de la Universidad de °Y “1 ®: "ys are supphed in an appendix. [J.B.W.]

Buenos Aires. Instituto de Cultura Lat- 665. Henriquez Urena, Max. Breve historia ino-Americana. Coleccion de obras ori- — del modernismo. 2. ed. México, 1962.

ginales referentes a la vida cultural de 559 p. illus., bibl.

Ibero-América). A detailed study of leading figures of the movement

64 GENERAL and its manifestations in leading centers of South and 672. Batres Jauregui, Antonio. La América

Middle America and the Antilles. Central ante la historia. Guatemala,

666. Leavitt, Sturgis E., Madaline W. _ 1915-1949. 3 v. |

Nichols, and Jefferson R. Spell. Revistas The first volume explores preconquest history of

hjISspanoamernicanas. ? . - indi bibli ‘fj _ Central America, the second traces the history of the indice Ol ogra ICO, colonial period, and the third covers the century from 1843-1935. Santiago de Chile, 1960. 1821 to 1921. The third volume, published posthu589 p. (Homenaje al sesquicentenario mously, is made up largely of the author’s personal

de la independencia nacional, 181Q0- ™emols.

1960. v. 1). 673. Gamez, José D. Historia de la costa de

An indispensable guide to periodical literature in Mosquitos hasta 1894. Managua, 1939.

which 30,107 literary items are listed. A monumental 346 work whose terminal date, 1935, coincides with the Und Pp. d f the M to C f beginning of the annual Handbook of Latin American ndocumented account of the Mosquito Coast 0

Studies. Honduras and Nicaragua from discovery until 1858, a with a chapter added by H. A. Castell6én to bring 667. Meléndez, Concha. La novela indian- narrative to 1894, when a part of the area was incorista en Hispanoamérica, 1832-1889. 2, porated into Nicaragua. [W.G. ]

ed. Rio Piedras, P.R., 1961. 202 p. bibl. 674. Jones, Chester Lloyd. Costa Rica and

influences precedes discussion of historical novels, . . . .

Brief consideration of colonial beginnings and foreign civilization in the Caribbean. Madison, “novelas poematicas,’ and the incipient social novel, 1935. 175 P. illus., map, bibl. (Univ ersity concluding with general observation and a chronol- of Wisconsin studies in the social sci-

ogy., . .ences and history 23). Admirable survey (in part colonial) of political de-

668. Solorzano, Carlos. Teatro latinoameri- velopment, social problems and progress, productions

Cano del Siglo xx. B.A., 1961. 104 p. and foreign trade, communications, and characteris-

bibl. (Coleccion ensayos 3). tics peculiar to Caribbean societies. [W.G. ]

Costumbrismo, universalism, nationalism, and the , oy: , . postwar tendencies characterize the drama, which is 675. Mata Gavidia, Jose. Anotaciones de

briefly evaluated, with indices of authors and works historia patria centroamericana. Guate-

corresponding to each type. mala, 1953. 432 p. illus., maps, bibl.

, Textbook interpretation of Central America in pre-

669. Torres Rioseco, Arturo. Grandes novel- Columbian, colonial, and post-independence periods

istas de la America Hispana. 2. ed. to about the end of nineteenth century. Uneven in

Berkeley, 1949. 2 v. coverage and emphasis, but reasonably objective, and Gallegos, Lynch, Reyles, Rivera), and ‘‘novelistas de . la ciudad” (Arévalo Martinez, Barrios, Diaz Rodri- 676. Parker, F ranklin D. The Central Amerguez, Edwards Bello, Galvez, and Prado). ican Republics. London, 1964. 348 p. Critical essays on “‘novelistas de la tierra’ (Azuela, devotes some space to cultural developments. [W.G. ]

670. Arturo. Precursores del maps, bibl. the ; ; land, ° :Torres a ° TheRioseco, first four chapters of this work describe modernismo. Madrid, 1925. 124 p. its antiquities, indigenous peoples, and colonial his-

Essays on Julian de Casal (1863-1893), Manuel Gu- tory. There follow chapters on the individual repubtiérrez Najera (1859-1895), José Marti (1853-1895), lics, with a concluding chapter on contemporary poli-

and José Asuncion Silva (1865 —1896). tical conditions. 677. Rodriguez, José N. Estudios de historia

B. Regions militar de Centro-América. Guatemala,

1. Central America 1930. 383 p. illus., bibl.

Narrative sketches of military actions in Central

. America, preconquest to about 1920. Postindepen-

671. Bancroft, Hubert H. History of Central dence coverage is uneven, but includes domestic America. San Francisco, 1882-1887. 3 coups, civil and interstate wars, and the filibuster war

v. illus., maps, bibl. (The works of Hubert — in Nicaragua. Bibliography lists only standard, largely

Howe Bancroft 6-8). general, published works. [W.G. ]

The work trates history entra. nmerica rom 678. Rodriguez, conquest to thethetime of of writing in the following order: . Mario. Central America. v. 1, 1501-1530; v. 2, 1530-1800; v. 3, 1801-1887. Englewood whee NJ., 1965. 8 OP. The extensive bibliographical citations (listed in v. 1, maps, bibl. (Ihe modern nations in hisxxv-Ixxil) are valuable, especially for the ethnohis- torical perspective series).

tory and colonial history of the area. For the nine- The most useful interpretation of Central American teenth century it deals chiefly with political and mili- history to date, but the prerequisite foundation studies tary events associated with independence and the’ were not available to make it a wholly satisfactory

Conservative-Liberal conflict. one. [W.G. |

REGIONS 65 4a : istory.

679. Vidal, Manuel. Nociones de historia 13. nae Caribbean: Venezuelan development, a case SS “entra. America. especial 57. And 14. The Caribbean: Mexico today.

“iC lec - hi tor; 5 \ ador, 15.The TheCaribbean: Caribbean:current its health problems. lp. o1ecc10n NIStorlia 2). ’16. United States relations.

The fifth edition of a work first published in 1935. It 17. The Caribbean: its hemispheric role.

presents the history of Central America from precon- _. quest times to the time of the latest edition. The spe- 684. Fagg, John E. Cuba, Haiti, and the

cial interest in El Salvador is brought out most fully in Dominican Republic. Englewood Cliffs,

the section on the modern period. N.J., 1965. 181 p. maps, bibl. (The modern nations in historical perspective).

. This is a good survey of the three major nations of the

2. Caribbean Antilles. The bibliography is extensive and critical.

a. General (Including Islands and Coasts) 685. Guerra y Sanchez, Ramiro. Azicar y 680. Alonso, Isidoro, and Ginés Garrido. La Poe on) en las Antillas. 3. ed. Habana,

iglesia en América Central y el Caribe: This is vsimaril thi h ;

lésiasticas. is 18 primarily a social in history of The the sugar estructuras eclesias wad.Bogot4. gOla, 11962. - in .Cuba, first published 1927. first industry chapter 282 p. maps. (Estudios socio-religiosos studies the social and economic effects of sugar grow-

latino-americanos 4). ing in the British West Indies. The remainder of the

A statistical study of the condition of the Catholic Work is devoted to Cuba. English translation: Sugar Church in Haiti, Puerto Rico, the Dominican Repub- @"d society in the Caribbean; an economic history of

lic, and the American countries. an agric ult th by e feesidney Haven, 1964), by Marjory oeCentral P . . Urquidl, with foreword W. trMintz and

the New World. Harriet de Onis, tr. _. N.Y., 1946. xiv, 464 p. illus., map, bibl. 686. Logan, Rayford W. Haiti and the

681. Arciniegas, German. Caribbean, sea of appendix by José Antonio Guerra y Debén.

A literary history of the Caribbean from the discovery Dominican Republic. London, 1968. 220 to the beginning of the twentieth century. A very p. map, bibl.

readable, subjective survey. A comparative history of Haiti and the Dominican . Republic from their colonial origins to 1967. The work

oN wale ecott, naree. The Church in the is divided into three parts: the land and the people; est ndies. ondon, 1898. 275 p. map. history and contemporary politics; and social and

(Colonial church histories). economic conditions. The two appendixes list the

_Ngiand very, competent history er the ehuren o the ets Dominican ane jpresigents of Haiti and the presidents of in the West sho Indies, by a clergyman who ha Kepubdlic.

been principal of Codrington College Barbados. It 687. P hnJoHnh d Philip gives an eminently fair account of theinattitude of the . Parry, 4i., anM. ip .Sh 1erChurch (and of other churches) toward slavery and lock. A short history of the West Indies. racial discrimination at various periods of West Indian 2. ed. London, 1963. 316 p. illus., maps.

history. [J.P.] A general survey of the history of the West Indies in-

683. Conference on the Caribbean. Univer- cluding Spanish, British, French, and Dutch terri-

. f Florida. The€ Caribb ? Conf tories. theday whole fromthethe discovery sity of Florida. Lanobean COnterto It thecovers present and period deals with political, adence series. A. Curtis Wilgus, ed. Gaines- ministrative, social, economic, and institutional as-

ville, Fla., 1951-1967. pects of the area’s development. The last six chapters

Collections of miscellaneous essays of varying char- deal with the period 1830 to present day. [J.P. ]

acter and value delivered at a series of annual confer- :

ences on various aspects of the Caribbean at the eee Roberts, W. Adolpne: The Caribbean, University of Florida. The annual volumes, with their the story of our sea O destiny. Indiana-

individual titles, appeared in the following sequence: polis, 1940. 361 p. illus., maps, bibl.

1. The Caribbean at mid-century. Popularly written but reasonably careful general his-

2. The Caribbean: peoples, problems, and prospects. tory of the Circum-Caribbean and Gulf coast area

3. The Caribbean: contemporary trends. from discovery to the time of writing. Roughly two-

4. coaribpean: its economy. thirdsBolivar. is devoted to the period from Columbus to 5. reThe Caribbean: its culture.

6. The Caribbean: its political problems. .

tions. e est indies. indlanapous, .

7. The Caribbean: contemporary international rela- need eat ie aao phe. re , poneh 35 8. The Caribbean: British, Dutch, French, United p. illus., maps, bibl.

States. _ A popular history of the French activities in the Cir-

6.. Tre natura’contemporary sorary edi 6 education. cum-Caribbean Gulfthere coast The eens Caribbean: f their and interest to area 1942.from the begin11. The Caribbean: Central American area. mmng OF NAN amberest mens © ; . 12. The Caribbean: contemporary Colombia. 690. Schoelcher, Victor. Colonies eétran-

66 GENERAL géres et Haiti, résultats de ’émancipation 695. Buchner, J. H. The Moravians in

anglaise. Paris, 1843. 2 v. Jamaica: history of the mission of the

A famous work, by the principal champion of the United Brethren’s Church to the Negroes cause Of emancipation in the French West Indian in the island of Jamaica from the year colonies, narrating and describing the course of emancipation and its immediate effects in the English ae to 1894. London, 18° 4. 17 5 P rhe : stands (v1) and in Hatt (y. 2), One of the great he Moravian played a significant part inthe educa

classics of West Indian history. [J.P.] himself a Moravian missionary, arrived in 1839, the 691. Waddell, David A. G. The West Indies _ year after apprenticeship ended. His work is a valuable and the Guianas. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., sketch, based on records, fascinating as a reflection of

1967. 149 map. bibl. (The modern na- the profound change in opinion on slavery, and as an

tiions _ hiin i" historical : 1 . tive) exercise in objectivity perspective). (J.P.] made possible by that change.

A history of the Guianas and the smaller West Indian . wos

islands. Cuba, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic 696. Burns, Alan C. History of the British were treated in another volume of the series. The West Indies. 2. ed. rev. N.Y., 1965. 849 work follows the usual format of the series — a chapter p. illus., maps, bibl. on conditions today, followed by chapters on the his- —_4 compendious history of the British Caribbean colo-

tory of the area from colonial to modern times. The pies, first published in 1954, intended for the general emphasis is on the influence of the sugar industry on -eader. It was written by a colonial civil servant and the history of the area. British territories are given emphasizes politics, administration, and international

. . 2. Seven -

fuller treatment than others. rivalries. Each chapter contains sections on each 692. Wilgus, A. Curtis, ed. The Caribbean colony. The eee hooters brings me The pre 17 hy

aInWasangton. 193 wn ,alfairs Studies nineteenth century gets three chapters, Fauspanic American z.).period, totalingthe about 100 pages, and the very sketchy sum-

A collection of lectures given during the summer of mary of the twentieth century is given in only thirty-

1933 by a group of Latin Americanists, including two pages. Much use is made of the Calendars of

Samuel Guy Inman, Roscoe R. Hill, W. H. Callcott, State Papers.

and J. Fred Rippy. The papers were addressed prin- . , cipally to the question of conditions in the Caribbean 697. Carmichael, Ger trude. The histor y of

at the time of writing, but they contain extensive his- the West Indian islands of Trinidad and torical material. There are no bibliographies, and foot- Tobago, 1498-1900. London, 1961. 463 p. illus.

noting. . is very limited. . ° ’ . An erudite and painstaking, but somewhat episodic,

b. Non-Hispanic Caribbean local history. Much information on local legislation i. British West Indies and the policy of successive governors. Thoroughly documented. [J.P. |

693. Bennett, J. Harry, Jr. Bondsmen and 69g, Clementi, Sir Cecil. A constitutional bishops: slavery and apprenticeship on history of British Guiana. London, 1937. the Codrington plantations of Barbados, — 546 p. 1710-1 838. Berkeley, 1958. 176 Pp. (Uni- A detailed and interesting account of the working of versity of California publications in his- a constitution described as a “freakish by-product of

tory 62). the Napoleonic Wars,” with a valuable documentary

A detailed examination of life and labor on Barbados @PPpendix. The author was governor of the territory.

sugar plantations based on documents, found by [J.P.] Frank J. Klingberg, concerning two estates owned by 699. Craton, Michael. A history of the Ba-

the missionary corporation at Codrington, Barbados. : . . .

This case study in depth complements the broad hamas. London, 1962. 320 p. illus., bibl.

survey by Pitman. [R.M.]; ;Shapes deal with met ave cnapterstot (of2)22) deal withand thereadable. period since . [here

694. Breen, Henry H. St. Lucia: historical, is a useful bibliography. The best general history avail-

statistical and descriptive. London, 1844. able. [J.P.] 423 p 700. Dalton, Henry hi f ofBritish . ; yG. G.The e nistory britis

A competent local study of a little-known island Guiana. London, 1855. 2 v. illus., map.

shortly after emancipation, based on local records. 4 somewhat conservative account, concentrated on

ane aor pies an intelligent eer Oot the events immediately before and after emancipation,

terest i; fly 3 th S l sand | 1 dif - written by a local creole physician. Critical of the

tice of the ic a 4 y hi h c ose larael vf €ga fl; ‘on - “ignorance, brutality and indolence”’ of the ex-slave Enel; h \d Ere ch ICN arose largely ne land icing population, but considers these characteristics a English and French provision concerning and tenure [egay of slavery and predicts that the snsociation o book deserves more attention than it has received. color with social class will gradually disappear. J.P.

[J.P.] 701. Davy, John. The West Indies, before

REGIONS 67 and since slave emancipation, comprising regime in Trinidad and the beginning of the British the Windward and Leeward Islands’ occupation, the slave codes and the application of the rr d: fcomman ded d»Slave Actthe ofrevolutionary 1816, theevents island’s connection mulitary Lounde Registry on notes an with in neighboring Veneobservations collected during a three zuela, and a first-hand account of a mutiny of the years’ residence. London, 1854. 551 p. Emancipados who had been conscripted to serve in

map. the British West India Regiments that took place in

An informative, though somewhat pious and pom- 1837. [G.K.]

pous, general description. The author was Inspector 707. Klingberg, Frank J., ed. Codrington General of Hospitals in the Eastern Caribbean anda = Chronicle: an experiment in Anglican distinguished scientist. Without being in any way an . . apologist for slavery, Davy shows considerable sym- altruism on a Barbados plantation, 1710pathy with the plight of the planters and argues for 1834. Berkeley, 1949. 157 p. illus. (Uni-

LJP. ] tory 37).

the retention of protective duties on their sugar. versity of California publications in his-

. . os Studies by seven hands of plantation operation and

702. Fraser, Lionel M. History of Trinidad. Christianization of slaves on the Barbados estates Port-of-Spain, Trinidad, 1891-1896. 2 v. bequeathed by Christopher Codrington to the Society Treats the history of the island during the years 1789- _ for the Propagation of the Gospel. [R.M. |

1838 well and contains considerable information about : ; Lo.

the old Spanish Cabildo in the 1790’s before the 708. Mendoza, Jose L. Britain and her British occupation and the role of the island during the treaties on Belize, British Honduras; Spanish ‘American revolutions on the mainland after Guatemala has the right to reinstate the the British occupation in 1797. [G.K.] entire territory of Belize. A translation

703. Gardner, W. J. A history of Jamaica. from the Spanish by Lilly de Jongh Os-

London, 1873. 512 p. map. borne. Guatemala, 1947. 301 p. bibl.

An unassuming but very competent narrative, based (Publications by the Ministry for Foreign on island public records, written by a nonconformist Affairs)

missionary long resident in Jamaica. Particularly :_ ae

aoe . : priate documentary material included. A Spanish background of the Morant Bay rising. [J.P. | P Sars valuable for its account of the development of Chris- A useful brief of the Guatemalan position with approtianity and of education, and for its analysis of the version was printed in 1942. [C.C.G.]

704. Goveia, Elsa V. A study on the his- 79 veri cvordon te ant historical Y

toriography of the British West Indies 06D 142 p “las oe INTs

grafias 2). . , -

WO een ar & ne nineteenth century. A competent study of the economic and landscape exico, | - 177 p. (Instituto Pan- development of two small islands in the eastern americano de Geografia e Historia. Caribbean from their condition before the European Comisién de Historia. Pub. 78. Historio- discoveries to the present day. [J.P.] An account of all the more important books within its 710. Oliver, Vere L. The history of the 1s

period that claimed to be histories of the British West land of Antigua, one of the Leeward Indies or of the individual territories in British posses- Caribbees in the West Indies, from the sion. Not a historical bibliography, but a study in “‘a first settlement in 1635 to the present phase af intellectual history” Well written, penetrat- time. London, 1894-1899. 3 v. illus.

8, an puroustly Nair. —_ Consists largely of the genealogical histories of Anti-

705. Humphreys, Robert A. The diplomatic guan families, solidly based both on documents and history of British Honduras, 1638-1901 inscriptions. Contains much incidental detail of in-

Lond 1961. 196Map. ° "terest the social than historian. Though was more ondon, . ) Pp. of antoantiquarian a historian, hisOliver concern over the

The only thorough and reliable account of the various fate of public records rendered considerable service disputes over settlement, sovereignty and wood-cut- to historiography in the West Indies. [J.P.]

ting rights in the territory, between Great Britain

and Spain and between Great Britain and Spain’s 711. Ottley, Carlton R. The story of Port-ofsuccessor states, Guatemala and Mexico. Concludes Spain, capital of Trinidad, West Indies, that insofar as either of the latter the can seriously claimto fthehpresent li . h day. d any part of the territory of British Honduras, rom the earhest times claim of Mexico is slightly more plausible than that Trinidad, 1962. 136 p. illus.

of Guatemala. [J.P.] An interesting and well-produced little summary of

, wo icipal history. [J.P.

706. Joseph, Edward L. History of Trini- municipal history. [J.P.

dad. [Port-of-Spain], Trinidad, 1838. 712. Ragatz, Lowell J. The fall of the planter

272 p. class in the British Caribbean, 1763-

The last 112 pages deal with the end of the Spanish 1833: a study in social and economic his-

68 GENERAL tory. N.Y., 1928. 520 p. bibl. 718. Williams, Eric E. History of the people

A broadly documented pioneering study of the causes of Trinidad and Tobago. Port-of-Spain, for the economic decline of the British West Indian Trinidad, 1962. 294 p. illus. conoules an’ the sugar pramer class on me end or A lively account, principally social and economic, by the seven Years War to the eve of the abolition of 4 Trinidadian politician with some training in history. slavery. It shows that this recession was due largely [J.P.]

to the inherent weaknesses of the plantation system _

rather than se. Reprinted i . . Islands) .. 1963). P to P emancipation P ii. DanishperWest Indies (N.Y., (Virgin 713. Ragatz, Lowell J., comp. Guide to the 719. Bréndsted, Johannes, ed. Vore gamle official correspondence of the governors tropekolonier. Copenhagen, 1952-1953.

of the British West India colonies with 2 v. illus., maps.

the secretary of state, 1763-1833. 2. ed. Ms 2 contains thetohistory the Danish West e period y J. O.ofBro-Jgrgensen; theIndies: perio

London, 1929. 58 Pp. ; 1755-1848 by Jens Vibaek. Handsomely printed and

Annotated list of colonial dispatches betweeninillustrated. the colonial executives and thepassing authorities London [J-P.] cee

that can be located in the Public Record Office. They 720. Gutiérrez de Arce, Manuel. La coloni-

deal with slavery, slave trade, and political controver- zacion danesa en las Islas Virgenes:

sies including the impact of the revolutionary condi- dio histor; arid Sevill 194 5. tions in Hispaniola and Spanish Tey(Escuela a A mape (Eseu We B tad; , Lo p.America. illus.,[G.K.] maps. de ,Estudios

ms nodways James. more t hen ish Hispano-Americanos de la Universidad Came Georsetown, 1891 189 A3e de Sevilla, 11). ent time. : , ~ Documented study of the Publicaciones Danish occupation and

Rodway was an indefatigable compiler, and his book settlement of the Virgin Islands, which concludes by is valuable for its documentary reprints, which stand attacking the legitimacy of Danish sovereignty and on their own merits. As a historian he had serious asserting that Spain’s claim to the islands still deserves defects. A liking for authoritarianism, combined with recognition. Also published in AEA, t. 2. [R.M.]

marked racial prejudice, produce historical interpre- . .

tations strongly reminiscent of the old “planter” his- 721. Knox, John P. An historical account of

tories of the eighteenth century. [J.P.] Saint Thomas, West Indies . .. and 715. Schomburgk, Sir Robert H. The his- incidental notices of St. Croix and St.

tory of Barbados: comprising a geo- , John hist N.Y 185 2.27 ap: map. ,

graphical and statistical description of the fetal history of the Viren sands from the carly island; a sketch of the historical events siaves in mid-nineteenth century. According to since the settlement; and an account of Westergaard the years up to the end of the eighteenth its geology and natural productions. Lon- century have been poorly covered, since Knox’s

d on 18 Ay 79) illus P ma translations of Danish were faulty. The later period is

A ae " k hn | bl Pp od more accurate, since it is based on the personal ex\ Magisterial Work, still valuable as a basic Gescrip- — periences of the author who served for many years as

tion of the island and as an account of conditions protestant missionary in the Danish colony. It conshortly after emancipation. Friendly, on the whole, tains considerable data on the conditions under to planter interests, though by no means an apologia — gjavery and the work of the missions among the slaves.

for slavery, and appreciative of the “sober and well- [G.K.] conducted population of the colored race.’ The author — was a warm advocate of colonial interests inthe con- 7722, Larsen, Kay. Dansk Vestindien, 1666—

troversy over the sugar duties. [J.P. ] 1917. Kgbenhavn, 1928. 395 p. illus.,

716. Sherlock, Philip M. West Indies. N.Y., map. 1966. 215 p. illus., maps, bibl. A somewhat pedestrian narrative history. No bibliA survey of the history and life of the British West ography or references. [J.P.]

Indies, based on published sources. It brings the story .

from the beginning of British activity in the Caribbean 723. Law aetz, Herman. B rgdremenighedens to the time of writing. It is valuable for its summary of Mission i Dansk Vestindien, 1769-1848.

recent developments. Kgbenhavn, 1902. 256 p. . 7s An account of the Moravian Missions in the Danish

717. Waddell, David A. G. British Hon- West Indies valuable for the coverage of the early duras: historiear1961. and commemporary nineteenth-century of the to survey.a London, 151 p. illus. ameliorate slavery and attempts Christianize theMoravians Negroes not

A brief, comprehensive, and well-written history of | only in the Danish colony but the British West Indies the territory, and a good description of contemporary aS well. Based on sound research. [G.K.] conditions there. Devoted more to the history of the

colony in itself than to the disputes to which it has 724. Lawaetz, Her man. Peter von Scholten: given rise. [J.P.] vestindiske tidsbilleder fra den sidste

REGIONS 69 general guverngrs dage. Kgbenhavn, 4 catalog of the political objects of the extreme “‘left.”

1940. 274 p. illus. Dedicated to ‘“‘Castro, the clarifier.” [J.P. ] This work is devoted to this famous Dane’s service 732, Henry. Ar i

in the Caribbean, which covered 44 years from 1804 son histoire veer se ean rrangase.

to 1848 and in particular the first ten years of his . , “11. ayenne, ° twenty-year governorship. There is some documenta- 336 p. illus., maps, bibl.

tion but no bibliography. [G.K.] A general history of French Guiana from the first

French explorations to 1946, based on published and

iii. Dutch West Indies manuscript sources. Published in a limited edition. _. . , 733. Luthin, Reinhard H. St. Bartholomew:

12. Grol c J. van. De Brome peutiek . Sweden’s colonial and diplomatic advenhet West indiscne domein der A modern major novelist views his own country’s

rasueiro € esqulsas ucacionals. os , . .

3 ‘ . de : u fern Ed oOo Centro - |iterature, mainly for foreign eyes. [M.K.]

Sér. 3: Livros-fonte, v. 3). 865. Verissimo de Mattos, Jose. Historia da

Good introduction (p. 134-173) for nonspecialists. literatura brasileira de Bento Teixeira Problems of interpretation of each historical period 1601 a Machado de Assis 1908. 3. ed. are concisely presented, supplemented by a selective Rio, 1954. 359 p. (Colecao Documentos

bibliography. [S.S. ] brasileiros 74).

Rio, 1960. 2 v. illus. _~

857. Sousa, J. Galante de. O teatro no Brasil. iM Kpouam survey and standard popular text. A well-researched set of volumes on the Brazilian 866. Vianna, Francisco Jose de Oliveira.

theater. [M.K.] Evolucao do povo brasileiro. 4. ed. Rio,

5 : , , and political institu-

858. Sousa, Octavio Tarquinio de. A vida de Escae o. 31 ae, illus., maps. and political instit D. Pedro I. ed. Rio, 1954. 3 v. illus. tions from colonial to modern times. A fervent plea bibl. (Colecao Documentos brasileiros for the state as centralizing and therefore modernizing

71,71A). factor. [S.S.]

A masterful utilizing a wide array of manu- 867. Vianna. script andstudy printed sources. Especially notable is Hélio. the ° Histéria ty ey adiplomatica °P: correspondence consulted in the Museu Imperial do Brasil. sao Paulo, 1958. 211 p. illus.

(Petropolis), formerly housed in Orléans, France. [his book is made up of the author’s lectures on The first volume begins with the marriage of Pedro’s _ Brazil’s frontiers and its diplomatic history, combined parents and carries his life to the eve of his assertion into one account. | M.K. ]

of Brazil's indep endence. [D.A.} 868. Wagley, Charles. An introduction to 859. Souza, Antonio Candido Mello e. Brazil, N.Y., 1963. 322 p. illus., map, Formacao da literatura brasileira. 2. ed. bibl.

Sao Paulo, 1964. 2 v. illus., bibl. A cultural anthropologist in a masterly cross-disci-

An excellent critical study that stops, however, at the plinary study illuminates the Brazilian past and end of romanticism (1880). V. 1 covers 1750 to 1836; — present, country and city, communities and metrop-

v. 2, 1836 to 1880. [I.L.] olises, races and classes with sensitivity and percep-

INDIVIDUAL COUNTRIES 79 tion. A classic introduction for the scholar and general prdceres. But if used with care it is a good corrective

, ae 4. A . Particular]

public. [S.S.] to the traditional liberal views of men like Barros 869. Werneck Sodré, Nelson. Historia mili- on seonornic and soetel Netory. are extensive chapters

tar do Brasil. Rio, 1965. 439 p. bibl. . .

(Retratos do Brasil 40), P 875. Encina, Francisco A., and Leopoldo A leading Marxist historian relates Brazilian army Castedo. Resumen de la Historia de history to political and social developments from Chile. Santiago de Chile, 1954. 3 v. illus., colonial times to the present. Included are excellent maps.

discussions of the state militias before 1930, and of A condensation of Encina’s 20-volume history. The political divisions within the Military Club in 1922, iconography presented in this work makes it an origin the 1940's, and during Vargas’ last presidency. inal and valuable contribution, despite the poor quality

Extensive bibliography. [J.W. ] of paper and photographic reproduction. [R.B.]

4.“ rrero. Pedro Rojas prepared v. 2, Epoca colonial. The dee del C . Al s ei d © EDI ee. logue. {S R]. third volume, on the modern period, by Raquel TriC2 COAL ASHLO PFOVICES a SUILADIE PLOlOBUe. | 9.K. bol, has not appeared. The illustrations, in black and

1005. Fernandez, Justino. Arte mexicano, white and in color, are of exceptional quality.

de sus origenes a nuestros dias. 2. ed. 1012. Jiménez Rueda, Julio. Historia de la Mexico, 1961. 208 p. 224 plates, bibl. literatura mexicana. 5. ed. México, 1953. A survey of Mexican art, which the author divides 387 p. bibl. mito four, Periods: ancient ncigenous art, the art of An excellent survey down to the 1940's arranged by

pain, , P y art. genres within literary movements, extensive bibli-

1006. Garibay Kintana, Angel M. Diccion- ography organized in categories, “tablas cronologicas”

ario de biografia, geografia e historia de °! authors, and a useful index. HL.) .

México. 3. ed. México, 1964. xxviii, 1013. Leal, Luis. Breve historia del cuento

1,721 p. maps. mexicano. México, 1956. 166 p. (Man-

The newest edition of this biographical, historical, uales Studium 2).

and geographical dictionary is more useable. A par- This small volume provides a useful handbook preticularly welcome feature is the fact that entries for senting an outline history of the Mexican short story living persons are included. However, the work Is in- from prehispanic times to expressionism. The fullest complete and in some instances marred by errors of treatment is accorded the nineteenth and twentieth fact. In 1967 a supplement was published. [S.R. | centuries, and the volume includes a selective critical

1007. Gonzalez de Cossio, Francisco. His- bibliography. [S.R.]

toria de la tenencia y explotacién del 1014. Lepidus, Henry. The history of Mexi-

campo desde la época precortesiana Can journalism. Columbia, Mo., 1928. hasta las leyes del 6 de enero de 1915. 87 p. illus. (The University of Missouri México. 1957. 2 v. (Biblioteca del In- Bulletin 29: 4. Journalism series 49),

. ‘ . . “tari This monograph represents the best continuous, in-

stituto Naciona | de Estudios Historicos tegrated history of Mexican journalism from the earli-

de la Revolucion Mexicana 9). est times to the 1920’s. Against a historical back-

This work consists of a preliminary study and the re- ground of the introduction of printing and journalistic

production of documents relative to ownership and precursors, the author traces Mexican journalism

exploitation of land. The majority of the selections are through the colonial, independence, first and second drawn from the colonial period, some have been pub- halves of the nineteenth century, and the modern perilished elsewhere and—unfortunately—there is nO od beginning with the establishment of El Imparcial.

indication of the source of the documents. [S.R. | [S.R.]

1008. Gonzalez Pena, Carlos. Historia de la 1015. McBride, George M. The land systems

463 p. | a | maps, bibl.

literatura mexicana. 7. ed. México, 1960. of Mexico. N.Y., 1923. 204 p. illus.,

A widely used survey, first published in 1928, with The author gives separate treatment to three different anti-Spanish bias in colonial period. English transla- forms of landholding: the hacienda, the rancho, and tion: History of Mexican literature (Dallas, 1943) by the collective holding. He concludes with chapters on Gusta B. Nance and Florence J. Dunstan. [1.L. ] agrarian conditions at the time of writing.

1009. Gortari, Eli de. La ciencia en la his- 1016. Medina Ascencio, Luis. La Santa Sede

toria de Mexico. Mexico, 1963. 461 p. y la emancipaciédn mexicana. Guadala-

(Vida y pensamiento de México). jara, 1946. 223 p.

Gortari’s work is the first general study of the de- This is a detailed study of the diplomatic negotiations velopment of science in Mexico from pre-Hispanic and attendant problems related to establishment of times. The author relates scientific developments to relations between the Vatican and Mexico betwee1 the contemporaneous social situation and to the devel- 1810 and 1835. Based on archival materials in the opment of philosophic ideas in each historical era. Vatican, Paris, and Austin, the volume includes ten

[S.R.] documentary appendixes. [S.R.]

INDIVIDUAL COUNTRIES 9] 1017. Mestre Ghigliazza, Manuel. Documen- tory chapters on the preceding centuries. The author tos y datos para la historia de Tabasco. #!¥eS 2 pro-Catholic presentation of the Church-State

México, 1916-1940. 4 v. problems of the nineteenth century.

The principal value of these volumes of regional his- 1023. Olavarria y Ferrari, Enrique de. Restory are to be found in the compiler’s extended and ena historica del teatro en México. 1538reproduced. The periods covered by the individual 19] I. Prologo de Salvador Novo. 3. ed. volumes are as follows: v. 1, 1790-1833; v. 2, 1834- Mexico, 1961. 5 v. illus. (Biblioteca Po-

penetrating prologue and the numerous documents s ‘ 1839; v. 3, 1840-1843; v. 4, 1844-1845. [S.R.] rrua 21-25).

. . : . . Contains much material on social and cultural life as

1018. Mexico (City ). Universidad Nacional. weil as on the theater. This edition brings material to

Consejo Tecnico de Humanidades. Estu- 1961. [1.L.]

tos oe isto Ss la tosotia en Mexico. 14924, Paez Brotchie, Luis. Jalisco, historia A cooperative history of philosophy in Mexico, with 1,0 author is vadaiajara, It oo ithesis of

aie, ee Gon Porta (p van var eed the history of the state. The initial volume covers from R onafull ( xt ath. and sev ent senthe entur hiloco. remote times to the conclusion of the war for indepenphy) Rafael MI oreno (modern philoso phy. Fe New dence, while the second volume carries the story down Spain), Luis Villoro (the independence period), Leo- to the cristera and escobarista rebellion. [S.R.]

poldo Zea (positivism), and Fernando Salmerén(twen- 1025. Palavicini, Félix F. México, historia de

ya1...

tieth century). Published in English as Major trends in - A iva. México. 1945. Mexican philosophy, A. Robert Caponigri, tr. (Notre su evolucion constructiva. °

Dame, Ind., 1966). 4v.maps. . ; ; . . . With the collaboration of José Almaraz, Manuel 1019. Mexico (City). Universidad Nacional. Andrade Priego, Francisco de A. Benavides, and Instituto de Investigaciones Palavicini hason provided a work phathistory throug’ : : Avi -_ numerousHistoricas. articlesothers, concentrates the political pst Vex documenta’ de ve ICO, an Oba of Mexico from prehispanic times to 1917, but also gue CON ortilla Let a -. EXICO, 17 “t- includes considerable material on the institutional, 2 v. illus., maps, bibl. (ts Publicacion military, social, economic, and cultural history of the 71. [Cuadernos ] Serie documental 4), country. Although the articles are uneven in quality,

Work done by several contributors, covering the whole _ there is much material of interest and utility. [S.R.]

of Mexican history. In each section a historical intro- 1026. Parkes, Henry B. A history of Mexico.

duction precedes the documents and includes a bibli- ° . .

ography. There are references to sources. Subject TeV. ed. Boston, 1950. 446 Pp. illus., maps.

and author index. [S.B.] This is the leading popular history text available in ; English. It was originally published in 1938. Readably 1020. México a través de los siglos. Vicente written and “‘liberal”’ in its orientation toward Mexican

Riva Palacio, ed. México, 1939. 5 v._ history, the new edition represents revision only to

illus., maps. the extent of the addition of a new concluding chapter

A classic cooperative history of Mexico, first pub- and a few bibliographic references. [S.R.]

lished 1884-1889, but still of value. The volumes and 1027. Priestley, Herbert I. The Mexican natheir authors are as follows: v. 1. Historia antigua y ;

de la conquista, by Alfredo Chavero; v. 2. El virrei- ion, a history. N.Y., 1923. 507 p. maps,

nato, by Vicente Riva Palacio; v. 3. La independen- bibl.

cia, by Julio Zarate; v. 4. México independiente, Formerly a standard general history, now badly out1821-1855, by Enrique Olavarria y Ferrari; and v. 5. dated, the Priestley volume is quite detailed on politi-

La reforma, by José M. Vigil. cal military events of the nineteenth century and of

:1021. the early revolutionary administrations. [S.R. ] Miranda, José. Las ideas y las institu- , ,

ciones politicas mexicanas: primera parte, 1028" Ramos; Samu pastorate Meee

1521-1820. México, 1952. 369 p.(Edici(eee amexicana et icann ones del iv centenario de la Universidad _, \P!0UOteca de tilosofia 10).

10). de México 13). irs rey panovamic presentation of me develop: A serious study that follows the development of politi- schematic due to its brevity. Ramos examines colo-

cal eens ane stitutions " Mexico from preconquest pja] philosophy and developments from the inde-

times through the independence movement. pendence war to the arrival of the Spanish exiles.

: Among the philosophers of the contemporary period

. - special attention. [S.R.] eral reader. V. 1, 1519-1910. México, . 1965. 398 p illus.. bibl 1029. Romanell, Patrick. Making of the

1022. eur i hatarical eesave for the wom Antonio Caso and José Vasconcelos are handled with

This first of two proposed volumes is devoted for the Mexican mind: a study in recent Mexican main part to the national period, with a few introduc- thought. Lincoln, 1952. 213 p. bibl.

9) GENERAL Sympathetic and interesting account of the evolution according to the dates of the authors rather than of the of Mexican philosophical thought, which the writer subjects treated. Each selection is preceded by a biotraces through five stages: scholasticism of the colo- bibliographical note.

nial era, the Enlightenment, antirationalism, positivism . . .

and antipositivism. He examines the close relation- 1036. Trens, Manuel B. Historia de Chiapas. ship of the Comtean philosophy with the political 2.ed. México, 1957. 758 p. bibl.

structure of Porfirianism. The reaction to the domi- A second volume was projected but was not written. nant materialism was the intuitionism of Bergson as This is a detailed chronological history of Chiapas

manifested in the work of Antonio Caso and José Vas- from the preconquest era to 1867. [M.M. ]

concelos to each of whom detailed chapters are de- . de . Veravoted. [S.R.1 P 1037. Trens, Manuel B. Historia

1030. Sanford, Trent E. The, cruz. storyJalapa-Enriquez, of archi- APMéxico, ANS:1947-

; ; 9 1950. v. 2-6. illus., maps, bibl.

tecture in Mexico. N.Y., 1947. 363 p. an outstanding regional history. V. 1 is not known to

64 plates, maps, bibl. have been published; v. 2 deals with the period of

A general survey of the history of architecture in Spanish domination; v. 3-6 treat of the struggle for Mexico, good for the pre-Spanish and colonial peri- independence and the national period to 1910. Esods, but quite inadequate for more recent develop- pecially in the later volumes it becomes almost a naments. There are helpful glossaries of technical terms tional history of Mexico. Each volume contains a

and place names. large appendix of illustrations.

1031. Simpson, Lesley B. Many Mexicos. 1038. Vasconcelos, José. Breve historia de 3. ed. rev. Berkeley, 1952. 349 p. maps, México. México, 938. 646 p. bibl.

bibl. This volume, which has had numerous reprintings and

Since it appeared in 1941, this excellent extended editions since its original publication, represents a peressay on Mexican history has stood the test of time Sonal vision of Mexican history by one of the leading as one of the most stimulating that has been written. intellectuals of modern Mexico. Despite factual errors Quite critical of recent developments in the country, and its polemical tone, it is useful for its suggestive the author's major contribution is his knowledgeable _ insights and provocative point of view. [S.R.]

aRy definition of Mexico’s multiplicity. 1039. Velasco y Mendoza, Luis. Historia de

i oo la c1udad de Celaya. México, 1947-1949.

1032. Sociedad Mexicana de Difusion Cul- 4 v. illus., maps, bibl.

Tiapali 1). . _ a

tural. Las clases sociales en México. These volumes represent a very erudite, well-docuMiguel Othon de Mendizabal, et al. mented history of the city of Gelaya. The author has

ss : “A accumulated a remarkable amount of historical de-

México, 1960. 114 p. bibl. (Coleccion tails. [S.R]

This volume includes a series of studies by Mendiza- 1040. Velazquez, Primo Feliciano. Historia

bal, A. Molina Enriquez, N. L. Whetten, Angel de San Luis Potosi. México, 1946-1948. rae and Julio de la Fuente, which rogetnet are a 4 v. illus., maps. an . Oa ISR , oneal panorama Or soe Serious, documented history of San Luis Potosi com-

ChASSES IN NIEXICO. | S-IK. parable in type and dimensions to the history of 1033. Sotelo Inclan, Jesus. Raiz y razon de Celaya by Velasco y Mendoza. [S.R.]

Zapata, Anenecuilco: pile nea his- 1041. Villoro, Luis. Los grandes momentos torica. Mexico, 1943. 236 p. illus., maps. del indigenismo en México. México,

This is not a biography of the revolutionary leader, 1950. 247

but rather of his roots as defined by the history of his - 2%! YP. a F birthplace. Anenecuilco, from prehispanic times to his study is an attempt to trace the principal lines o the present. Where documentary backing is unavail- thought underlying the indigenist concept in Mexican able, the author has woven oral traditions and supposi- history. For this purpose the author examines the views

tions into the narrative. [S.R.] of the indigenist world expressed by various repre-

oa ee . sentative writers in different historic periods. Only a

1034. Stevenson, Robert M. Music in Mexi- few of the chapters relate to the nineteenth and twenco: a historical survey. N.Y., 1952. 300 __ tieth centuries. [S.R.]

rhe tect curvey of Mexican musical development 1042. Zamacois, Niceto de. Historia de With some original research and a vast amount of ma- Mejico desde SUS tiempos mas remotos terial gathered from scattered published sources, pro- hasta nuestros dias. Barcelona, 1877-

vides a usable synthesis. [S.R.] 1882. 21 v. . _ This is a semifictionalized account of Mexican history 1035. Torre Villar, Ernesto de la, ed. Lec by a Spaniard who, having been in Mexico various turas historicas mexicanas. Mexico, times from 1837, was an eyewitness of many of the

1966-1967. 3 v. events described. The account is best when treating

A collection of readings from authors from the earliest of the military aspects of the intervention and Second

colonial times to the contemporary period, arranged Empire. [S.R.]

INDIVIDUAL COUNTRIES 93 15. Nicaragua historical institutions, etc. Covers geology and paleon-

tology, aboriginal cultures, discovery and conquest, 1043. Gomez, José D. Historia de Nicaragua _ the colonial period, the missions, and the eighteenth-

desde los tiempos prehistéricos hasta century boundary question with Brazil. Detailed bio” 1860. en sus relaciones con Espafa bibliographies of historians. Comprehensive index o

ard a Pp > names, places, titles, and subjects. [S.B. |

Mexico y Centro-América. Managua,

1889. 855 p. bibl. 1050. Carvalho Neto, Paulo de. Folklore

A narrative history principally of political and military del Paraguay (sistematica analitica). content. It covers the years 1821-1860 in 400 pages, Quito, 1961. 475 p. bibl. some 125 on the filibuster period. [W.G. ] The author, a Brazilian diplomat, made this intensive . study in 1950-1951. Rich in Paraguayan folklore, it 1044. Portas, Ber nardo. Compendio de la is indispensable for understanding Paraguayan char-

historia de Nicaragua. Managua, 1918. acter. [H.W.] A saenery history written for classroom use. The 1051. Centurion, Carlos R. Historia de la text covers the period from discovery to 1893, and an cultura paraguaya. Asuncion, 1961. 2 v. appendix gives a chronology of events from 1893 to This unique, indispensable cultural history 1s an ex-

1917. tensive revision of the author’s Historia de las letras 16.P paraguayas (Asuncion, 1947-1951. 3 v. ), with added . ; A Alsi briefl jor trends. Historia de Panama. 7. ed. Panama, - Loo.

. Fanama chapters on music, art, and folklore. The prologue by 1045. Castillero Reyes, Ernesto de Jesus. [ HW] sina onen’y Surnmanizes me Cenre

the New World. N.Y., 1887. 514 p. ; _-

illus., map. 1163. Covarrubias, Miguel. Mexico south:

Incidents of travel, often entertainingly written, and the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. N.Y., descriptions of Mexican and Maya antiquities, as 1946. 427 p. illus., map, bibl.

observed between 1857 and 1882. The native cultures, ancient and modern, are de-

. . scribed, and the illustrations are by the author. The

1158. Coe, Michael D. Costa Rican archae- book is especially recommended for its treatment of ology and Mesoamerica. SWJA., v. 18, Olmec antiquities and is one of the earliest works to

106 BACKGROUND

: : i journey

recognize their importance. N.Y., 1941. 334 p. illus., map.

1164. Di Peso, Charles C. Cultural develop- thowehthal auniten of an “unchacologicnl journey ment in nor thern Mexico. In Meggers through the southern and western Maya lowlands.

and Aboriginal cultural developHol i ment Evans. in Latin America. p. 1-15. - Holmes, William H.1172. Archaeological

The only recent summary of the archaeology of this studies among the ancient cities of Mexarea of over a million square kilometers, it provides a ico. Chicago, 1895 — 1897. 338 p. illus., inesied condensed and invaluable review of che im maps. (Field Columbian Museum. Pubentry. Note especially the bibliography, which in- aiication 8, TO. Anthropological series 1).

r eistocene times to the Spanis * ati . .

cludes articles and monographs not listed herein. though an early work, this careful description of the ruins of Yucatan, Chiapas, Oaxaca, and the Valley

1165. Dockstader, Frederick J. Indian art in of Mexico is still useful for its detailed data and ex-

Middle America. Greenwich, Conn., C¢@ent illustrations.

Ss 1 ; , n « P age « that produced them. Ties). | ;

1964. 221 p. illus., maps, bibl. 1173. Joyce, Thomas A. Mexican archae-

arte and crafts of Mexico, Central America, and the L08Y: London, 1914. 384 p. illus. map. Caribbean, with useful introduction to the cultures (Handbooks to ancient civilizations se. Although now long outdated, this was one of the best 1166. Ekholm, Gordon F Excavations at early summaries of Mesoamerican prehistoric culture, Tampico and Panuco in the Huasteca, arranged by topics (tribal history, religion, calendar, Mexico. N.Y., 1944. p. 321-512. illus., Writing, social organization, material culture), first , ; - for Mexico proper and then for the Maya. Joyce wrote maps, bibl. (Anthropological papers of similar books on Central America and the West Indies

the Museum of Natural His- and South America(1245). tory aaa 38, pt. 5). Most of this is a thoroughgoing report on the pottery, 1174. Kelley, J. Charles, and Howar d D. other artifacts, and architecture excavated, but the Winters. A revision of the archaeological

introduction and conclusions provide the general sequence in Sinaloa, Mexico. AA, v. 25, reader with a brief historical and archaeological back- April, 1960: 547-561.

ground of the Huasteca, a Statement of problems, and Through trade objects from Sinaloa found in the ina full discussion of relationships with other areas. tensively excavated Durango sites, the authors revise

1953: 72-79. 2

1167. Ekholm, Gordon F. A possible focus the previous sequence for coastal Sinaloa, western Asiati } fl ‘ininthe lateASSIC Cl . Mexico, confirming basicoverlaps Chametla, Aztatlan, 0fSialic intiuence € late Culiacdn periods, butthe finding between them culture of Mesoamerica. AA, v. 18, Jan., and identifying several phases of the Aztatlan epoch. The first comprehensive presentation of the author’s 1175. . elly, vA bel. Ceramic P ‘dad Mi of

theories regarding trans-Pacific contacts between northwest Mexico. In Socieda Cxl-

prehistoric Asia and Mesoamerica. cana de Antropologia. El occidente de

: , iS, i graph, are our only summ

1168. Freund, Giséle. Mexique précolom- aye exico. P. > oo7T oh. a only summary bien. Neuchatel, 1954. 19 p. 80 plates, statements on an important archaeological area. Brief

map. (Collection des Ides photogra- summaries of 14 major zones of Sinaloa, Nayarit.

phiques 8). Jalisco, Colima, and Michoacan are presented, at the

tturedangart. Rivet’s introduction, h , 1s brief . . ar ivet’s introduction, however, is brie 1176. Kidder, Alfred V., Jesse D. Jennings Excellent photographic studies of Mexican architec- IV Mesa Redonda meeting in 1946.

. an win . ook. Excavations a

16°. wanenkamp. Char haa Maya: fhe ne Kaminaljuyu, Guatemala. Washington, e and rediscovery of a lost Civilization. 1946. 284 p. illus., map, bibl. (Carnegie N.¥Y., 1959. 240 p. illus., map, bibl. Institution of Washington. Publication

Well-written account of discoveries at some of the 561)

major Maya cities, with awork general Maya nantarchaeology, civilization. A pioneer ondescription Guatemalaofhighland

describing the superimposed pyramids and associated

1170. Groth-Kimball, Irmgard, and Franz | shaft graves, with valuable comparative data on potFeuchtwanger. The art of ancient Mexi- tery and other artifacts. Famous for its analysis of . Teotihuacan influences in the Maya area. co. London, 1954. 125 p. illus., map. An impressive collection of gravure and color plates 1177. Kidder, Alfred V., and Carlos Samayoa

feprcng. prehistoric art and architecture, with an Chinchilla. The art of the ancient Maya.

OO ENS . . N.Y., 1959. 124 p. illus., map. 1171. Halle, Louis J., Jr. River of ruins. Excellent photographic reproductions of Maya objects

ARCHAEOLOGY: MIDDLE AMERICA 107 of art, with full captions providing provenience and maps, bibl. (Memoirs of the Peabody other information, plus two introductory essays. Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology.

1178. King, Arden R. Mesoamerica. /n The Harvard University 7, 8). native Americans, by Robert F. Spencer, The first volume of this monumental report provides a

Jesse D Jennings et al. N.Y.. 1965 fine historical background. In Memoir 9, no. 3 of the

" 435-489 ’ ° nn * same series, Lothrop writes on southern Veragua.

An excellent, concise summary of native cultures, 1184. Lothrop, Samuel K. Pottery of Costa

with emphasis on the Maya and Aztecs. Rica and Nicaragua. N.Y., 1926. 2 v.

1179. Linné, Sigvald. Mexican highland cul- _llus., maps, bibl. (Contributions wu the

tures. Stockholm, 1942. 223 p. illus., Alton en pared /merican cian setter maps, bibl. (The Ethnogr aphical Mu- chronological sequences have been established since

Publi of Sweden, Stockholm. Newof series. _ then, shapes this is still our detailed and best-illustrated Publication 7). record vessel andmost decoration on many Report on investigations in Puebla, in Tlaxcala, and types of lower Central American ceramics, with speat Teotihuacan, the last interesting chiefly for its rec- cial attention to identification of symbols and motifs.

ord of discoveries at Tlamimilolpa. The first four chapters provide useful source material

on tribes, languages, material culture, manners, and

1180. Lister, Robert H. Archaeological ex- customs of this area at the time of first European con-

cavations in the northern Sierra Madre ‘2° Occidental, Chihuahua and Sonora, 1185. Lowe, Gareth W. Archaeological exMexico. Boulder, 1958. 121 p. illus., ploration of the upper Griyalva River, maps, bibl. (University of Colorado stu- Chiapas, Mexico. Orinda, Cal., 1959.

dies. Series in anthropology 7). 112 p. illus., maps, bibl. (Papers of the

A report on cave investigations and the materials re- New World Archaeological Foundation

covered. Listed here because it is one of the few pub- 2)

lished monographs on this area with a chapter sum- Thi ; , , ej tant

marizing the culture history and discussing problems. Chis IS eubhe be dbe the N, 0 World Ar nea val

The bibliography lists earlier monographs and articles. Foundation The defini hve monograph on the farrous

1181. Lister, Robert H. The present status Chiapa de Corzo culture sequence has not yet apof the archaeology of western Mexico peared, but several aspects of it have been reported.

Bould 183 Maps, All bibl. summarizes the cultural chronology of ou er,1955. . p. 1US., I! *Lowe’s the areastudy and describes in detail the remains found by

in anthropology 5). , , ;

(University of Colorado studies. Series his survey.

In a field where the publications are mostly site re- 1186. Marquina, Ignacio. Arquitectura preports and specialized studies scattered through many hispanica. Mexico, 1951. 970 p. illus., journals and series, this is a most useful assembling of maps, bibl. (Memorias del Instituto Na-

the sources and data, with distributional maps for cional de Antropologia e Historia 1)

many archaeological traits. The opening chapters set The most comprehensive factual coverage of Middle

up a culture sequence, describe habitat, list — A ;: ;. is. -an . ; ; merican in athe single volume, this chronologically thearchaeology important works in this areafrom

the distributions are based.

1867 to 1951, and list the sites and regions on which NVAuUabee TF Yon potters ond not only for architectural

1182. Longyear, John M. III. Archaeologi- 1187. Massey, William C. The cultural discal investigations in El Salvador. Cam- tinction of the aboriginal Baja California.

; In Homenaje a Pablo Martinez del Rio. maps, bibl. (Memoirs of the Peabody ICO, 1707. Pp. % Although very brief, this 1s our only recent summary bridge, Mass., 1944. 90 [15] p. illus., México. 1961 411-422

Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology. of Baja California linguistics and tribal populations,

Harvard University 9, no. 2). distinctive cultural traits, and prehistoric culture

A report on reconnaissance and excavations, with an chronology. The bibliography is also useful. introduction providing history and linguistic back-

ground, a summary of previous work, and a statement 1188. Maudslay, Alfred P. Archaeology. of problems. Publications on other modern investiga- London, 1889-1902. 5 v. illus., maps tions are scarce; most of the work has been done by (Biologia Centrali Americana). Stanley H. Boggs and published in Tzunpame or by —ajthough more-recent photographs and hieroglyphic

Carnegie Institution of Washington. text drawings are available for many of the ruins and 4, _ sculptures illustrated in this early work, it remains a 1183. Lothrop, Samuel K. Cocle: an archae monument in Mesoamerican archaeology, and most ological study of central Panama. Cam- 6 its photographs are unsurpassed to this day. The bridge, Mass., 1937, 1943. 2 v. illus., _ fifth volume is the text.

108 BACKGROUND 1189. Maudslay, Anne C., and Alfred P. of aboriginal Middle America. WashingMaudslay. A glimpse at Guatemala, and ton, 1936. 182 p. illus., map, bibl. (Carsome notes on the ancient monuments of negie Institution of Washington. PublicaCentral America. London, 1899. 289 p. tion 471).

illus., maps. Reviews written and pictorial sources and describes

Charming narrative of the Maudslays’ early travels in 2FChaeological remains, reaching important conclu-

the Guatemala highlands and the Maya lowlands. ions regarding the origin and development of round Contains smaller reproductions of some of the fine Structures, their chronological and geographical disphotographs from Biologia Centrali Americana. tribution, and their association with Quetzalcoatl, god of the wind.

1190. Millon, Rene F., Bruce Drewitt, and James A. Bennyhoff. The pyramid of the aa cone Harr, y Be Dev ot al. Mayapan.

sun at Teotihuacan: 1959 investigations. - a igton, 1 70-. Philadelphia, 1965. 93 p. illus. maps, 442, P. Illus., bibl. (Carnegie Institution bib] (Transactions of the American of Washington. Publication 619). | . . An introduction and four monographs on the literary Philosophical Society, new ser. 55, pt. 6). sources, civic and religious structures, and artifacts

Visitors to Teotihuacan should read the introduction, of the final ‘“‘Decadent” period of Maya civilization in

which presents a history of investigations, a discus- Yucatan, which had never been systematically in-

sion of Teotihuacan origins, and problems in ceramic __ vestigated. chronology, and the conclusions, which place the 1959 . ;

discoveries in the framework of Mexican prehistory. 1197. Porter, Muriel N. Excavations _at The XI Mesa Redonda of the Sociedad Mexicana de Chupicuaro, Guanajuato, Mexico. Phila-

Ree ete reco eG in usust, 1906, was delphia, 1956. p. 515-637. illus., maps,

ships elsewhere.) SS bibl. (Transactions of the American , , Philosophical Society, new ser. 1191. Morley, Sylvanus G. The inscriptions 5) 46, P .pt. P of Peten. Washington, 1938. 5) Vv. In 6. Although a site report, it is listed here as one of the illus., maps, bibl. (Carnegie Institution few monographs on an area of Mexico that is still of Washington. Publication 437). little understood, seems relatively isolated from “wes-

This set is not for the beginner, but is almost indis- | tern Mexico”’ in spite of its proximity, and shows impensable for advanced study in Maya epigraphy. V.5, | Portant relationships to the Valley of Mexico. Porter

in two parts, contains the plates. summarizes these matters, and her introduction provides a useful archaeological setting and statement of 1192. Morley, Sylvanus G. An introduction problems.

Ww the Stuy ts aa mer ogy Phics. 1198. Proskouriakoff, Tatiana A. An album

Bur Maran sean E hh. , ars ith: of Maya architecture. rev. ed. Norman,

(Bureau of American Ethnology, smith- Okla., 1963. 142 p. illus., map, bibl.

sonian Institution. Bulletin 5 7). A slightly revised reissue in smaller format of Carnegie

The first thorough explanation, written in terms the — Institution of Washington, Publication 558, Washingbeginner can understand, of the Maya calendar system —_ton, 1946, now out of print. Superb architectural reand associated hieroglyphic writing. It is still useful constructions, with explanatory and background comfor the detailed explanations of many Inscriptions and ments, of a representative selection of Maya ruins of

texts from the codices. different periods and regions. Monographs describing

ss _ the architecture of individual Maya sites are numerous. 1193. Noguera, Eduardo. La Ceramica al Most reports on the southern and western lowlands, queologica de Mesoamerica. Mexico, for such sites as Uaxactun, Tikal, Holmul, San José, 1965. 412 p. illus., bibl. (Universidad Piedras Negras, Palenque, and Copan have been Nacional Aut6énoma de México. Insti- published by Carnegie Institution of Washington; Pea-

. . thant body Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Har-

ro de Investigaciones Historicas 86). vard University; the University Museum, University € only of hi rings ter er under e with de- of Pennsylvania; and the Instituto Nacional de Antro-

summaries of prehistoric pottery sequences, with de- pologia e Historia de México. scriptions of the major wares involved for a vast area

extending from northern Mexico to El Salvador. There 1199, Proskouriakoff, Tatiana A. Historical are 199 ulustrations and many jables and charts align- —_—data_in the inscriptions of Yaxchilan.

se seg swe . ECM. v. 3, 1963: 149-167; v. 4, 1964:

1194. Peterson, Frederick A. Ancient Mex- 177-201.

ico. N.Y., 1959. 313 p. illus., bibl. The most recent of the author’s studies in this very A nontechnical but authoritative account of Mexican important development in Mesoamerican epigraphy. prehistory with chapters on special aspects of the an- The reign of a Yaxchilanruler, his conquests, and other

cient cultures. data are presented.

1195. Pollock, Harry E. D. Round structures 1200. Proskouriakoff, Tatiana A. A study

ARC HAEO LO

of cl GY: MIDDLE A

ey M MERICA

st . . SC

Insti . 209 aya

7 Institution p. illus. ulpture, Ww

one definitiv ashingto stm) or the © Weshingt, work on thibibl gton. (Carnegie There athe s. Al e dat elves ect, a mijec ionart with initi umb rare frical style parative themseh subj © itauth definitive r, albu thouMa a, epi and th blicati minu ve wo er of b scribi abou 109 g ms, the ea y, cir and reful subj hie vea piri amon ee ther graph unutely ca , the oritati rk, detex ooks and al analyse very fen art 'P nume a fine ai reprod! iheroglyphie of the t them b 1201. Prosk Skiing Proskouriak tote 306, Sa er of the mural ons e site and ut this is

of classi rosko es. areer byyAAn Theexc uments andural m S, uribest of scho larl wo rksand ecol W aSSsl iakoff arch y, em og S, Wi toni elle ’ and Nashi c ; aeological versi y of illi encenent patiedak | the Washington 1954 Tatiana A oeical maps. Park. eae A rory American Pa. tinuacén cultural rief58. : 1can S.ilubiracruz sculVarieti 1e€sAlthough 1es of bibl. a preli . ? 65val vall

See pate 121) anthr¢ ibl. (C ptur he Teotihuc imina . 209 ey. Uni palm Toto oncise . ropol ont . ec. Univ eotihua ortant ry re —p. . Nni-

; . r se, val cal relati u y 1Seri » Ine at : t 1202. rion Veracruz). yok of agcultural prac So Mesoan rae wil e first of a

and their re mon se ang Scholar! ver ond his ms “thes can Valley lation this is th ulus.

2northley, Crvl nied 1207S eae fon s. Th rroll L rehistoric scul cas K . Satte nd u the ologi tate

’ MM . at ° S eVi : ae Z

dence 1 interesting yA y 49 ao 0. Presents Seon dese iocarbon da Eli

Tepehuan storieograph ethnoginkt to 9, nO. ot wise res. , Loma" discus pr li , evid strongl catedstbyoa Jeae Eedates ° : atesHzapetn and the

1203. SanRob G sing y and ehistori yJ.E _v. 26. abriel Beta re- siexaeence tedby sup yh S. at rtofa 1.16.0.0 6,

Sc . er , C Ips evi- , of th istori om .0.0.0

Oo pai tson D halchihutes betwee pro data as 0 correla d: ript th intin » Donald cul 120 8. Sthe blem and toriea highland d astro other

ven e met g of th . Mexi " rec mith nd the c tech nomical

A thorough st tropoitan early coloni m reconnaissane Led vy technica oa empl the etethnohistorica the of a se us., bi ols.teNContes | peri Prnegie I. (Ca n, 1987n tral cen rch ost mphasis 1204. Rut wie alley of ofVolta nat a sive sur prmen eg55. sutut p. illDaco vatemala, J. Atchacolog and ut with epecial including a of Guatemala rc report ashington.

Ww J cial ©and ures, of ball highlan on ashiech e, ogic: Ica ohndonstruc Tastudy of ains nd sites. o th , bib hingt Quin | rec nH.D ruction Tatia pall courts bite nly int

negi a .inSmi S. ourie,. nalysi am Thubli licati egie InstiOo l O nce U ith nniakoff’s shi a lowl rge su ), 10n of us. en. 55. 2 , Gu E. C ellent 8 Pub (Carne 1043. | connalss enison 1209. S drawings. Proskouriak tecture of them

ochoare ween , Import report shin S, .. Midd ity lus., ala 1c se disc thenorth rui ant fi bearing for gton mabibl oN que Stone sbion, eure of MPa are )Tbastitut . Uaxa Public le Ame: (Th Orle € at - Ru nd se neti’ data It p 10 Bec ton veritic ttery st against sequ ; search ni-

and T ppert, K iptions. rovides ane pottery. studies which man wa Inaa p arl, J m rehitecture, __ Reports is stil th checked Ioter Mocan

p. us ill exl s, Mouri roskou on eee the S. as ric H cs| geramt ar sout initi r chyears soameri _,of Washingto bit Wahneet Bamps a eo te. e numerous and ive F chronological

w e Bon ingt , bibl in ona on seri nM Ramie al, S us. M west on P rmatio ica ’ gie | 5itutio ;_ nVani by aki and Msit n onIngs yet fotural Ss are tion Insti 7)nore t he nia.niv Preabod ersity arne Neem. ing Pot or ch sueva aya ancien und atntai he m6tensi 02) R use gie’ ras |‘th gras, h t,fi San life nd co ost exter mor oyal O yCM Mied um of nstitutic ave Est “s O ntari use tion ap Classic period. Mar & the Universit cum, Prelim ay OT ngton c peri eumo niver ns at Pp relimi nive enns , 121Sacri vard s and N que h y fe , and . Soci ibal Caroli been edad yb th pub Mexi e olina Peabx anon -

onal gah oe ar ent weed

ex eab d fe 1ca or na yM deod Ant uropologia,

110 BACKGROUND Mexico. El occidente de México. México, bibl. (Papers of the Peabody Museum of

1947 [ie. 1948]. 222 p. illus., maps. (/ts Archaeology and Ethnology. Harvard Reunion de mesa redonda sobre prob- University 49, no. 3). lemas antropologicos de México y Cen- Apart from the excavations at Copan and investiga-

tro América 4). tions on the north coast, the Lake Yojoa region, and The literature so far, however, consists mainly of site pan the Comayagua valley, little archaeological reports and journal articles on specialized subjects. Wr lc been done in Honduras. This book surveys This volume, containing papers read at the Cuarta WO neg ected areas and outlines problems relative to Reunién de Mesa Redonda sobre Problemas Antro- the archaeology of all Central America.

pologicos de Mexico y Centro America, which was 1215, Tehuacan Archaeological-Botanical

devoted is still 2the most recent Project. hist Of the Teh , collectionto of western summaryMexico, articles. Section is on archaePOJEct. € preTh IStory € tenuacan ology, with short contributions on Michoacan, Nayarit, Valley. Austin, 1967. 42 p. Jalisco, Colima, and Guerrero, by Robert H. Lister, A preliminary report summarizing MacNeish’s imDaniel F. Rubin de la Borbolla, Eduardo Noguera, portant discoveries of wild maize (5200-3400 B.c.)

. of domesticated corn, very early ceramics, and the

Isabel Kelly, Pedro Armillas, and others. and ot earlier food plants, the subsequent evolution

aya dates. amoridge, ass., , . ,

vy . Spinden, Heer t J ay ieuany oor long culture history of the Tehuacan area.

(Papers of the Peabody Museum of 1216. a OmP son J . pric 5. Peed nar 0 Bt:

American Archaeology and Ethnology. . ; orzumainuapa . ; region, Excuintla, Guatemala. Washingno. 4).explains ton. on, 1948. villmap, bibl. A Harvard landmark in University Maya epigraphy,6, this book on P. 56 WIUS., 101.(C arme-

the workings of the Maya calendar, mathematics, gie Institution of Washington. Contribumagic, and astronomy, and proposes the famous tions to American anthropology and hisSpinden correlation (12.9.0.0.0) of Maya and Euro- tory 44), peal calendar S. The roar chapter Pr ovndes nd The first modern intensive study of the Pacific coastal

ana this study eee lich db th cen slatio slope, with a fine introduction about the ancient politi-

since this study was published but the correiauion cal and linguistic groupings, Pipil history, and the

question is still debated. archaeological background.

1212. Spinden, Herbert J. A study of Maya 4517, Thompson, J. Eric S. A correlation of

art. Cambridge, Mass., 1913. 285 p. illus., the Mayan and European calendars map, bibl. (Memoirs of the Peabody Mu- Chicago, 1927. 21 p. (Field Museum of seum of American Archaeology and Eth- Natural History. Publication 241. An-

nology. Harvard University 6). thropological ser. 17. no. 1)

Reissued, additionalthe work, as Maya Art and, WPOOBIEA, SCI. |,since NO. Demodified Lee . with ; 5 an though precise formula has been

Civilization (Indian Hills, Colo., 1957. 432 p.). The by the author, this is the original presentation of his rst hel inthe history of Noy of Maya att, a Through famous version of the 11.16.0.0.0 correlation with the dates inscribed on sculptures, Spinden established supporting historical and astronomical evidence.

sequences of art styles and worked oul the evolution 4748. Thompson, J. Eric S. Mexico before

of motifs and features in art an architecture. Cortez. N.Y., 1933. 298 p. illus., bibl.

1213. Stephens, John L. Incidents of travel Nontechnical account of prehistoric Mexican cusin Central America, Chiapas, and Yuca- toms, arts and crafts, religion, calendar, and writings.

J N.Y., . . es . t

tan. N.Y., 1841. 2 v. illus., map A good introduction, now somewhat dated by subse-

Also: Incidents of travel in Yucatan (N.Y., 1843. 2 v. quent Peseare

illus). Probably the most widely read and enjoyed 1219, Thompson, J. Eric S. Systems of ndventures and describe most cavetully for that time) _-beToglyphic writing in Middie America the antiquities that Stephens and his artist-architect and methods of deciphering them. AA. companion, Catherwood, encountered in the Maya V. 24, no. 4, pt. 1, April, 1959: 349-364. country. The Catherwood drawings are equally fa- Reviews the various theories regarding the nature of mous. | cite above the first editions, difficult to ob- Maya hieroglyphic writing and alternative methods of

tain, because collectors are often not aware that they deciphering it. Discusses Landa’s ‘“‘alphabet,’’ Nahuatl are buying one of the many later editions, which are, and Hispano-Nahuatl writing, the Knorozov approach

however, of about equal quality. There is a modern (which he rejects), and the subject matter of the Dresedition of Central America, Chiapas, and Yucatan, den and Madrid codices, and then gives examples of but it does not do justice to the fine Catherwood illus- | decipherment in the Thompson and Knorozov meth-

trations (New Brunswick, N.J.. 1949). ods. Suggests that the best hope of progress lies in 1214. Stone, Doris Z. The archaeology of Knorozov’s system is supported, however, by sevcentral and southern Honduras. Cam- eral Mayanists in this country. His position is pre-

: matching affixes with sounds.

bridge, Mass., 1957. 135 p. illus., maps, sented in many works chiefly in Russian or Spanish.

ARCHAEOLOGY: SOUTH AMERICA & WEST INDIES 11] The largest and most recent work is being translated rived but expanded from the older Q-complex con-

from Russian to English. cept, still stands, as does most of the alignment of

. site phases.

1220. Tozzer, Alfred M. Chichen Itza and P its cenote of sacrifice: a comparative 1224. Wauchope, Robert, gen. ed. Handstudy of contemporaneous Maya and book of Middle American Indians. Aus-

Toltec.. .Cambridge, 1957.articles 2 v. | un,on 1964. bibl.an |; . olume 1Mass., contains the Allus. early maps, cultures

316 Pp. illus., Maps, bibl. (Memoirs of the agricultural beginnings and general summaries of Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Middle American archaeology. Volumes 2 and 3 have Ethnology. Harvard University 11-12). chapters on almost every aspect of the archaeology of

A two-volume, definitive study of Maya and Toltec southern Mesoamerica, written by authorities in each cultures, centering on the spectacular relics recovered field. Volume 4 treats of the frontiers and external from the sacred well at Chichen Itza, Yucatan, but relationships. A later volume will be devoted to northextending also to architecture, pottery, murals, sculp- | ern Mesoamerica. Each volume contains the most exture, and all other media that characterize the Mexican tensive bibliographies available on the prehistory of

influence in Yucatan. the area treated therein. Volume editors are Robert

. . C. West, Gordon R. Willey, Gordon F. Ekholm, and

acatenco. -Y., . WIUS., .papers onyR. Bullard, : ; Pbibl. 1225.(Anthropological Willey,. Gordon R., William maps, of the American Museum of Natural His- Jr., John B. Glass, and James C. Gifford.

ee sant, eree 330 excavations at Ignacio Bernal. y

Prehistoric Maya settlements in the

tory 32,pt.1). Cambridge, 1965 This was the first inBelize a series Valley. of important site reports ' Mass., y- 1dge, SS., . by Vaillant on his intensive excavations of early sites 589 p. illus., maps, bibl. (Papers of the in central Mexico, laying the basis for subsequent stu- Peabody Museum of Archaeology and

cies of F Toon 4 reclassic cultures in Middle Ethnology. Harvard University 54).

Ticoman an d Gualupita y reports on moms In addition to the exhaustive description of excava-

, Pita. tions and artifacts, there are most important discus-

1222. Wauchope, Robert. Excavations at sions of settlement patterns and their implications for Zacualpa, Guatemala. New Orleans community organization and a summary reconstruc| 68p.I WluUS., ° bibl. (Tul tion\tULANE of culture atmonograph Barton Ramie. theoretiI 948 rO. LOG Maps,>DIDI. callyhistory important on an eraAconcerning University. Middle American Research which few substantial reports have been published.

Institute. Publication 14). A description of Quiché culture derived from docu- 4. South America and the West Indies

mentary and archaeological evidence, a condensation

of legendary and recorded Quiche history, an attempt 4996, Anton, Ferdinand. Alt-Peru and seine to date archaeological phases through Quiché and 126 wo.p. illus., 1 maps, Cakchiquel genealogies, a discussion of these dates Kunst. Leipzig, 1962. relative to the correlation question, and, in Chapter 5, bibl.

ort itself. .

the first classification of all Guatemala highland pre- Large collection of illustrations, many in color, of historic remains according to a chronological se-. Peruvian antiquities, with a catalog and an introducquence. The lengthy appendixes contain the site re- tion providing the cultural background.

poms 1227. Bennett, Wendell C. Ancient arts of 1223. Wauchope, Robert. A tentative se- the Andes. N.Y., 1954. 186 p. illus., quence of pre-classic ceramics in Middle maps, bibl.

America. New Orleans, 1951. ilus., bibl. Well-illustrated description of pre-Columbian arts, (Tulane University Middle American including those of the adjacent Amazon region and

R h Institut Pp blicati 15: 21]- southern Central America, with concise and authori-

550) nsutute. Fuoucanion . tative text providing their cultural settings.

r 1 Zz ° « .

Although several Preclassic sequences had been pro- 1228. Bennett, Wendell C. Archaeological posed on the basis of remains from four or five site regions of Colombia. New Haven, 1944. excavations this the. fet atgempy to examine the 120 p.illus., map, bibl. (Yale University

ial s .

from 44 site phases and propose the diagnostic pottery Pp ublications in) anthrop ology 30). attributes for major developmental stages of the For- Report on a ceramic survey, with brief general backmative epoch. Sixteen years of subsequent excava- ground, a discussion of extra-Colombian affiliations, tions have added much information and modified 204 @ tentative chronology of cultures by subareas.

monial structures have been found on earlier ceramic 1229 Bennett, Wendell C. Excavations at

horizons, and subdivisions of the earliest period are Tiahuanaco. N.Y., 1934. p. 359-494. now better understood. The author’s chronological illus., bibl. (Anthropological papers of placement and interpretation of the Protoclassic, de- the American Museum of Natural His-

112 BACKGROUND tory 34, pt. 3). | presents a concise background summary of environ-

Although Tiahuanaco, on the high plateau of Bolivia, ment and the history of ancient cultures in the Andes. had long been famous and sporadic investigations had Part 2 describes the central Andean culture sequence been made there, this was the first scientific account by developmental epochs (with reservations expressed of intensive excavations. Recognizes four major ce- ' the preface). Part 3 treats of techniques of ceramics, ramic phases and traces their distribution and influence etal work, and textiles. A final chapter provides

throughout the Andes. Earlier discussions of Tia- radiocarbon dates.

huanaco relationships are in Alfred L. Kroeber’s 1234. Bennett, Wendell C., Everett F. monographs and in was a work on Pachacamac byand Max Bleil dF H North Uhle. Arthur Posnansky also long interested in eiler, Frank H. Sommer. Northwest Tiahuanaco and wrote much about it, one book pro- Argentine archaeology. New Haven, posing that it was the cradle of ancient New World 1948. 160 p. illus., maps, bibl. (Yale civilization, a view not shared by most archaeologists. University publications in anthropology

1230. Bennett, Wendell C. Excavations at 38). Wari, Ayacucho, Peru. New Haven, Reviews the literature analyzing ceramic styles to 1953. 126 p. illus., map, bibl. (Yale Tonchioe. they reflect cultures, periods, and interrela-

University publications in anthropology -of the 49). 1235. Bingham, Hiram. Lost city This site is in the Mantaro Basin of the central Peru- Incas. N.Y., 1948. 263 p. illus., bibl. vian highlands. Bennett establishes a chronology of Also available in paperback (N.Y., 1963, 241 p.

ceramic styles and discusses the relationships of Wari _ illus., bibl.). The story of the author’s discovery of the

culture to those of other regions, each section provid- famous mountain stronghold, Machu Picchu, and a ing a useful summary of the culture involved. Special description of its ruins. The first three chapters proattention is devoted to the Bolivian and Peruvian vide a brief résumé of Inca civilization, its origin, and

Tiahuanaco horizons. the history of the last four Incas.

1231. Bennett, Wendell C. Excavations in 1236. Bird, Junius B. Paracas fabrics and Bolivia. N.Y., 1936. p. 329-507. illus, . Nazca needlework. Washington, 1954.

maps, bibl. (Anthropological papers of HI 126 p. illus. ee: bibl. lest he th;

the American Museum of Natural His- ustrated catalog of Peruvian textiles from the third

B.C. to the third century A.D., in the Textilea tory 35, pt.) 4century ae Museum, Washington. The introduction provides

After a report on investigations in the lowland Cocha- history of the cultures involved, and the text, keyed bamba region and the highland Lake Titicaca area, to the illustrations, has useful information on designs, Bennett discusses the cultural content, distribution, materials, and weave techniques, the last written by and relations of Classic, Derived, and Decadent Tia- _ Luisa Bellinger.

huanaco remains, plus a newRipley expression thatal. heCaribbean calls ; ; Chiripa. 1237. Bullen, P., et Alfred Kidder I] subsequently explored the position symposium. AA. v. 31, Oct., 1965: 224—

of Pucara in Titicaca Basin archaeology, and Bennett 955 revised own previous chronological of no ;,; aa Sixhis papers, by Bullen, Frederickplacement W. Sleight, Mario

Chiripa in the cultural sequence there. Sanoja, William G. Haag, Ricardo E. Alegria, and

1232. Bennett, Wendell C., ed. A reappraisal Robert R. Howard, summarizing existing knowledge Menasha.Venezuela, Wis and new developments in the the West 0f Peruvian . Sy. ; archacolo ? °*s Indies, Grenada, thearchaeology Lesser ofAntilles, 1948. 128 lp. illus.., maps, bibl. (Memoirs Puerto Rico, and Jamaica.

of the Society for American Archaeolog , A) y SY 1238. Collier, Donald. Cultural chronology

A compilation of articles summarizing and discussing and change as reflected in the Ceramics the status of Peruvian archaeology as of 1947, much of the Viru Valley, Peru. Chicago, 1955. needed then and still useful today. Includes presenta- 226 p. illus., maps, bibl. (Chicago. Nattions (Of Such now famous concepts as the Peruvian ural History Museum. Publication 779).

col acon ennett), Nor mes or ’ One of the several excellent reports resulting from the

Willey), and developmental classifications of culture famous Virti Valley Project sponsored by the Instihistory (W. Duncan Strong, Julian H. Steward). tute of Andean Research. Following a brief statement

books). - ,

1233. Bennett, Wendell C., and Junius B. of the archaeological background and problems and Bird. Andean culture history. 2. ed. cluding chapter treats of ceramic trends as they reflect N.Y., 1964. 257 p. illus., maps, bibl., culture change through the Late Guafape, Tomaval,

. . a long report on the excavations and ceramics, a con-

index. (American Museum _§ science La Plata, and Estero periods.

Revised paperback edition of a book originally pub- 1239. Estrada, Emilio, and Clifford Evans. lished by the Museum as Handbook 15 (N.Y., 1944), Cultural development in Ecuador. Jn and much more up-to-date than the first edition. Part Meggers and Evans, eds. Aboriginal

ARCHAEOLOGY: SOUTH AMERICA & WEST INDIES 113 cultural development in Latin America. illus., map. Except for reports on early cultures of the coast, this | Although much about the sequence and relationships is the most recent summary statement on Ecuadoran ' of cultures in South America has been learned since archaeology. It is highly condensed and not illustrated. | this book appeared, it is a well-known early summary

. . for Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, the southern Andes interpretations in northeastern South ;

1240. Evans, Cliffor d. New archaeological and Plains, and east and central South America.

America. Jn New interpretations of ab- 1246. Kidder, Alfred. Archaeology of north-

original American culture history, 75th western Venezuela. Cambridge, Mass., anniversary volume, Anthropological 1944. 178 p. illus., maps, bibl. (Papers Society of Washington, 1955. p. 82-94. of the Peabody Museum of American

Reexamines and rejects several earlier interpreta- Archaeology and Ethnology. Harvard tions of the origin and dispersal of culture in north- University 26, no. 1).

eastern South America, chief among them the hypo- After a report on excavations and reconnaissance in thesis that the elaborate Marajoara culture was indig- Aragua Valley, La Carera Peninsula, San Mateo, enous to the mouth of the Amazon and that the tropi- Lara, Trujillo, and western and central Venezuela and cal forest type of culture first developed in the elsewhere. Sees closer ties with Colombia and lower

Guianas. Central America than with the central Andes.

1241. Evans, Clifford, and Betty J. Meggers. 1247, Kosok, Paul. Life, land and water in

Archeological investigations in British ancient Peru. N.Y., 1965. 264 p. illus., Guiana. Washington, 1960. 418 p. illus., maps, bibl. maps, bibl. (U.S. Bureau of American 4 collection of magnificent photographs of ruins, Ethnology. Bulletin 177). canals, roads, and other aspects of Peruvian life, an-

Contains detailed information on the culture se- cient and modern. The accompanying text is an inquences of the northwest lowlands, the Abary River, formal travel narrative with little scholarly content.

the upper Essequibo rain forest, and the Rupununi . savanna, plus comparative data and interpretations. 1248. Kroeber, Alfred L. Archaeological Relationships between environmental potential and explorations in Peru. Chicago, 1926-—

cultural development are discussed. 1937. 4 v. 273 p. illus., maps, tables, bibl. 1242. Holstein, Otto. Chan-Chan: capital (Field Museum of Natural History, of the Great Chimu. GR. v. 17, 1927: Anthropology. Memoirs 2, no. 1—4).

36-61. After the pioneers, Uhle and Tello, Kroeber was one

An early photographic record of these extensive of the first to apply systematic methods to the interruins, with a very brief and diversified accompanying _ Pretation of Peruvian antiquities, not only in his stud-

text ies of the Uhle collections, but in field work as well. Three of the four parts of this memoir report on in1243. Howard, George D. Prehistoric vestigations at Trujillo, the northern coast, and Cafiete

ceramic styles of lowland South America, valley; the fourth 1s an analysis of Nazca textiles writ-

their distribution and history. New ten in collaboration with Lila M. O’Neale. Haven, 1947. 95 Dp. illus., map, bibl. (Yale 1249. Larco Hoyle, Rafael. Los cupisniques.

University publications in anthropology B.A., 1945. 25 p. illus.

37). Brief summary of Cupisnique sites, sculpture, and

A relatively early attempt to correlate ceramic data Pottery.

from published sources and interpret them historically. , Included are the area east of the Andean foothills, 1250. Larco Hoy le, Rafael. Las epocas the maritime Andes of eastern and western Vene- peruanas. Lima, 1963. 83 p. illus., tables.

zuela, the island of Trinidad, and the West Indies. Chronological outline of Peruvian prehistory, with Sees no evidence of any widespread culture peculiar very short text and 173 illustrations. Chronological

to the Arawak on the mainland. chart aligns culture sequences of different regions. 1244. Howard, George D., and Gordon R. 1251. Larco Hoyle, Rafael. Los mochicas. Willey. Lowland Argentine archeology. Lima, 1938-1939. 2 v. illus., maps.

New Haven, 1948. 42 p. illus., bibl. Consists chiefly of description of sites and the subject (Yale University publications in anthro- matter of Mochica pottery. The illustrations, espe-

pology 39). cially the halftones, are inferior by today’s standards. patterns, phases, aspects, and foci (in the Midwestern 1252+ Latcham, Ricardo E. Arqueologia de

Taxonomic System classification) and to trace their la region Atacamena. Santiago de Chile,

relationships with each other and elsewhere. 374 p. . Except1938. for reports onbibl. very early remains (omitted 1245. Joyce, Thomas A. South American from this listing), this is one of the few studies of

archaeology. London, 1912. 292 p._ Chilean archaeology.

u,,,,y

114 BACKGROUND 1253. Meggers, Betty J., and Clifford Evans. history, and _ its summary of investigations there

Archeological investigations at the through 1944. An appendix lists sites.

moun ae a ee jmazon. WasPungton. 1258. Pérez de Barradas, Jose. Orfebreria

CU S| Bureau of Agmerion? E ‘hn lo prehispanica de Colombia. Madrid,

Bulletin By. 1954. 2 v.contains illus., maps, bibl. plates, uvleun . 167) The second volume 300 excellent

A monumental report on the archaeology, ethno- many in color, and the volume of text is illustrated cultures of the lower Amazon, one of the least-known other artifacts.

archaeological regions of the Americas. See also Meggers’ The archeology of the Amazon basin'\in 1259. Reichel-Dolmatoff, Gerardo. The

Steward, ed., Handbook of South American Indians, mative An rai v. 3: 149-166). Her 1950 preliminary report (AA. v. ae i. c stage. re asal rom re

16, no. |: 1-9) was the first to challenge the theory OloOMOlan = perspective. ¢ as © that Marajoara culture was a center of development, XXXIII Congreso Internacional de proposing that it was instead intrusive into an area Americanistas, v. 1. San José, 1959: previously occupied by tropical forest peoples. 152-164. 1254. Meggers, Betty J., Clifford Evans, and Succinct summary, with prudent observations on Emilio Estrada. Early formative period of | P@¢ontinental studies of this epoch.

coastal Ecuador: Valdivia and Machal- 1260. Rouse, Irving. The Circum-Caribbean

illa phases. Washington, 1965. 234 p. theory, an archeological test. AAn. v. 55, illus., maps, bibl. (Smithsonian contribu- Apr.—June, 1953: 188-200. tions to anthropology 1). Refutation of the circum-Caribbean theory as it ap-

The factual importance of this book lies in its detailed plied to Venezuela and the Antilles, showing that the description of the Formative period Valdivia and tropical forest culture preceded Caribbean culture.

Machalilla phases and apparently related cultures of . .

Colombia, Panama, and Peru, together with archae- 1261. Rouse, Irving. The entry of man into ological and radiocarbon dating. The theoretical im- the West Indies. 7n Sidney W. Mantz, portance lies in discussions of the hypothesis that Papers on Caribbean anthropology. New

Valdivia was derived through trans-Pacific contact Haven, Conn., 1960. 26 p. illus. (Yale

from of Japan about B.c. and Uni in. bli :.h| spread the fromJomon Ecuadorculture to other peoples of South and3000 niversity publications anthropology

Central America. 61).

‘‘Meso-Indian’”’ remains along the Venezuela coast

1255. Menzel, Dorothy, John H. Rowe, and and on offshore islands indicate connections between Lawrence E. Dawson. The Paracas pot- the West Indies and South America. If there was only tery of Ica. Berkeley, 1964. 399 p. illus a single Meso-Indian entry into the West Indies, it was bibl niversity CU ; a Of £C:VallOrmia lif . b- from Venezuela, but there were probably Map, ODI. PUD~ eastern others from western Venezuela, Central America, and

ethnology 50). . ; , lications in American archaeology and Fiorida.

Through a minute stylistic analysis, distinguishes char- 1262. Rouse, Irving. Porto Rican prehistory.

acteristics, by phases, of the Ica variety of the Par- N.Y., 1952. 2 v. illus., maps, bibl. (New acas style and traces relationships between this valley York Academy of Sciences. Scientific

and other areas. survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin 1256. Mujica Gallo, Miguel. The gold of _ Islands 18, pt. 3-4). | Peru. Tr. by Roger Peniston-Bird Part | analyzes materials from excavations on the Recklingnausen, ki he G 1959 ermany, 794 north andancient west coasts suggests chronology for : the culturesand there; Part 2 adoes the same for

p. illus., bibl. the interior, south, and east. Sees four main periods

Although the introduction by Raul Porras Bar- from pre-ceramic times to European contact. At-

renechea provides little cultural setting for the objects tempts to trace population movements; favors the

illustrated, persons interested in gold relics as objects hypothesis of a single initial mass migration of Arawak

of art will find the background material interesting. from South America.

Captions for the 144 color plates provide some de- . in . .Haiti. woe scription and preveniences. P P 1263. Rouse, Irving. Prehistory

. . , New Haven, 1939. 202 p. illus., maps,

1257. Osgood, Cornelius. British Guiana pip}, (Yale University publications in anarcheology to 1945. New Haven, 1946. thropology 21).

65 p. illus., maps, bibl. (Yale University Reconstruction of the culture sequence in the Ft. publications in anthropology 36). Liberté Bay area, hypothesizing the original settling as

Useful to the beginning reader on British Guiana for a migration from the southeasterr. United States via its nontechnical description of the country and its Cuba, followed by invasions from South America.

ARCHAEOLOGY: SOUTH AMERICA & WEST INDIES 115 1264. Rouse, Irving. Prehistory of the West metal objects, wood, bone, shell, textiles, and archiIndies. S. v. 144, no. 3618, May 1, 1964: tecture. The 122-page introduction Is in German.

.o. Vz , no. ; ; F. : Altenfelder, and Betty J. 499-513. 1270. Silva,

Concise, excellent, and authoritative summary of the Meggers. Cultural development in Brazil. Paleo-Indian, Meso-Indian, and Neo-Indian epochs, In Meggers and Evans, eds Aboriginal the lastlanguage, dividedit into three periods. Written non- 1 ldin |Latin .? LAmerica. .A. technical also provides 18 well-chosen culturalin development illustrations, including map and chronological charts p. 119-129. for subareas, and bibliographic notes. Ends with a_ Besides its synthesis of Amazon Basin archaeology, prudent evaluation of possible Middle American and __ this contains one of the few summaries of central and

North American southern Brazil, together a bibliography of the . ,contacts. relevant Monographs andwith articles.

1265. Rouse, Irving, and José M. Cruxent. j erp ; i.

Venezuelan archaeology. New Haven, 1271. Squier, Ephraim G. Peru: incidents of 1963. 179 p. illus., bibl. (Yale University travel and exploration in the land of the

Caribbean series 6). Incas. London, 1877. 598 p. illus., maps.

Simplified but authoritative presentation, for the lay- “ lively, well-written account of Squier’s adventures man, of Cruxent and Rouse’s two-volume An archeo- and his observations of the antiquities and contempological chronology of Venezuela (Washington, 1958. ary life of Peru in the nineteenth century.

[Pan American Union. Social science monographs .

6]). Information is given on Paleo-Indian, Meso- 1272. Steward, Julian H., ed. Handbook of Indian, Neo-Indian, and Indo-Hispanic epochs, sub- South American Indians. Washington, divided in some cases by series and showing survivals 1946-1959. 7 v. illus., maps, bibl. (U.S.

number of well-electedillustiations. Bureau of American Ethnology. Bulletin 1266. Rowe, John H. Chavin art. N.Y., The definitive encyclopedic work on South American

1962. 23 p. illus. map bibl. native cultures, languages, and physical anthropology.

A catalog of the Museum of Primitive Art, with an [he eatment is by areas and tribes, with the archaeintroduction establishing a sequence of phases, analyz- mlosy_mescnived for cach. The seventh volume ‘h ining the conventions and figurative expressions, and “¢X- The archaeological summaries, some brief where

representational meanings of Chavin art. data are scarce and some almost book length, are too numerous to list individually here, but this is the best 1267. Rowe, John H. An introduction to the _ single source of information on South American ararchaeology of Cuzco. Cambridge, Mass., chaeology, although, as is natural, some of the con. os . ° * cepts and theories have been altered and much new 1944. 69 Pp. illus., Maps, bibl. (Papers of information on some areas has been gathered since it the Peabody Museum of American AI- was published. The series has been reissued in off-

ity 27 2) 2/,no. * versity 2). ene

chaeology and Ethnology. Harvard Uni- © set by Cooper Square Publishers (N.Y., 1963).

Detailed account of the Chanapata and Inca periods, 1273. Strong, William D. Paracas, Nazca, with an introduction providing background geography and Tiahuanacoid cultural r elationships

and history. Sees resemblances between Chanapata, in south coastal Peru. Salt Lake City, care: ané enitipa. Discusses preconquest dating 1957. 48 p. illus., maps, bibl. (Memoirs of

8 . SICS.- | the Society for American Archaeology

1268. Rowe, John H. Urban settlements in 13).

ancient Peru. Institute of Andean Stud- Although this is short and a progress report, it preies, Berkeley. Nawa Pacha 1, 1963: 1- sents some important new findings and interpretations,

28"Lo, ° ’ ,among themout a proto-Nazca cultural expression that . developed of Paracas of the Formative period and

The beginning student will find in the opening pages a an evolution of ceramics within the Florescent or useful chronological framework of Peruvian culture Classic Nazca and of architecture from Paracas to history. There follows an excellent review of urban Nazca

settlements, beginning far back into the Initial period : (preceramic) and ending with the Incas. The results 1274. Strong, William D., and Clifford peared before trrigation and did not grow out of cere- Evans, Jr. Cultural stratigr aphy in the monial centers, that they were not so advantageous as Viru Valley, northern P eru, N.Y., 1952.

are of theoretical importance; that large cities ap- . .

to spread consistently at the expense of other pat- 373 p. illus., maps, bibl. (Columbia terns, and that in some cases ceremonial centers grew studies in archeology and ethnology 4).

out of them. Sequence of culture complexes of the Formative and 1269. Schmidt. Max. Kunst und Kultur von Florescent epochs, plus the earlier culture of Cerro

. hundred ’ . . "9 . pages remains, and textiles. Four of excellent illustrations, plus ; eighteen color plates, of ancient Peruvian ceramics, 1275. Strong, William D., Gordon R. Willey,

Peru Berlin 1929 621 p. illus., map Prieto. Lengthy appendixes describe pottery, plant

116 BACKGROUND and John M. Corbett. Archeological stud- An early description of a famous site by the “‘father of ies in Peru. 1941-1942. N.Y.. 1943. 222 Peruvian archaeology.” His pottery collections from I] ° bibl. (C I " biz t di 7 Moche, Chancay, Chincha, Ica, Nazca, Ancon, Pp. 1HUS., Maps, D101. OlumDIa studies in Supe, and Nieveria were the basis of pioneering ce-

ar cheology and ethnology 1). ramic analyses by A. L. Kroeber, W. Duncan Strong, camac, Chancay Valley, and Ancon. lications in American Archaeology and Ethnology. Four monographs describing the central coast, Pacha- and Anna H. Gayton in University of California Pub-

: . os Uhle’s publications began in the late nineteenth cen-

1276. Tello, Julio C. Antiguo Peru: primera tury and continued to the 1930’s. He reported on epoca. Lima, 1929. 183 p. illus., maps. Pachacamac in 1903, Ica in 1913, Arica and Tacna as An early work by a great Peruvianist. Describes ar- early as 1919.

chitecture, stonepee sculpture, pottery, and . W. The desert other remains. Pow 1283. Vonmummies, Hagen, Victor

. , Julio kingdoms of Peru.del Greenwich, Conn., 1277. Tello, C. Arqueologia Valle 9 9 ‘bl d 1; 9 4 ; 1965. 190 p. illus., maps, bibl. e Casma. 1a, 1956. 3 4 p. illus., Profusely illustrated, concise presentation of Mochica maps. (Publicacion antropologica del and Chimu cultures to the Incas and the Spanish ararchivo “Julio C. Tello” de la Universi- — rivalin 1532.

dad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos 1). 4994. Willey, Gordon R. The Chavin prob-

Describes Chavin, Santa or Huaylas anda ‘“‘sub| ; .critique. a Chimu” remains of Marafion, with a generalYunga, section em: review and SWJA. v. 7,

on the north coast. One chapter treats of pottery, but no. 2, Summer, 1951: 103-144. the emphasis is on architecture and sculpture. History and discussion of various concepts of the

. , . Chavin art style, its stylistic identifications, chrono-

1278. Tello, Julio C. Chavin. Lima, 1960. logical position, geographical distribution, and cultural 425 p. illus., maps. (Publicacion antro- contexts. Suggests that it reflected a particular relipoldgica del archivo “‘Julio C. Tello’’ de — gious cult, which, although it died, left behind certain la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San themes, beliefs, and symbols incorporated into later or more distant religious systems. Marcos 2). Architecture, sculpture, pottery, and other artifacts 12885, Willey, Gordon R. Horizon styles and

at Chavin de Huantar. pottery traditions in Peruvian archae1279. Tello, Julio C. Paracas (primera parte). ology. AA. v. 11, no. 1, July, 1945: 49N.Y., 1959. 307 p. illus., bibl. 56. The history and significance of investigations at Important not only for its analysis of the White-on-red Paracas, the geographical background, and ananalysis pottery of Peru, but even more for its conceptual and of antiquities there, especially the textiles. methodological implications, utilizing the concepts of . ‘horizon styles,”’ a term first coined by A. L. Kroeber, 1280. Thompson, Donald E. Postclassic in- and ‘pottery traditions” to infer cultural relationships

novations in architecture and settlement through time and space. patterns in the Casma Valley, Peru. SWJA. v. 20, no. 1, Spring, 1964: 91- 1286. Willey, Gordon R. Prehistoric settle-

105. ment patterns in the Viru Valley, Peru.

Culture history and cultural dynamics are often best Washington, 1953. xxi, 453 p. illus., illuminated by studies of situations that departed from maps, bibl. (U.S. Bureau of American

the norm in a given culture area. Thompson does this Ethnology. Bulletin 155). here in orth com ne impact of Tanuanace culture 4 pioneer work of great significance in a field of

on t a ro cons slopr a for T; hi a "Fo de. anthropology that has become very important, the

enced no Classic cevelopment lor | iahuanaco to Ce- analysis of settlement arrangements and their rela-

Stroy. tions to habitat, technology, and sociocultural matters. 1281. Tokyd Daigakku. Andesu Chitai Ga- / addition to this special orientation, the book re: ~ ports in detail on Vir Valley reconnaissance and exkujutsu Chosadan, 1960. Andes 2 €XCa- —Cavations and the role of the area in Peruvian prehisvations at Kotosh, Peru, 1960. By Seiichi | tory.

Izumi and Toshihike Sono. Tokyo, 1963. ; 210 p. illus., maps, bibl. * 1287. Willey, Gordon R., and John M. CorThe second impressive English-language monograph bett. Early Ancon and early Supe culture, issued by the Andean Research Program of the Uni- Chavin horizon sites of the Central Peru-

in the departmen verin - in, . .

Wr the depattvont of Fug ona covering pee Cha site vian coast. N.Y., 1954. 180 p. illus., classic Chavin, White-on-red, and “Negative Painted” maps, bibl. (Columbia studies in arche-

ceramic horizons. pe horizon oey and ethnology ve(Devel R . . ne avin of the Formative3). (Vevelopmenta 1282. Uhle, Max. Die Ruinen von Moche. stage in central Peruvian prehistory, its sites, cultural

JSAP. v. 10 n.s., 1913: 95-117. and chronological relationships, and internal growth.

ETHNOHISTORY 117 B. Ethnohistory HOWARD F. CLINE

From the first historically known European contact with the New World, its aboriginal populations have been a topic of continuing intellectual interest. One of the most recent manifestations is a group of writings called ‘““Ethnohistory.”’

About twenty years ago the term generally entered anthropological and historiographical literature to connote studies of native cultures and societies based on written materials rather than archaeological remains or the more direct techniques of ethnography. In 1954, a journal called Ethnohistory was launched as an outlet for anthropologists, historians, and others principally concerned with preparing materials for plaintiffs or the defendant Department of Justice under the Indian Claims Commission Act of 1946. Confined to North American natives, its appearance signalized professional recognition of what now is a much

expanded and quite respectable subspecialty within history, geography, and anthropology. Seemingly the first use of the term in the HAHR dates from 1957,

although, as the entries below indicate, historians for many years prior to that time had published works that might now be labeled “‘ethnohistory.”’

There is at present no precise delimitation of the writings that fall under this generic term. Various writers have attempted to clarify and define its relationships to parent disciplines, but that probing process has as yet produced no universally agreed boundaries. One of the more important general statements is that by Sturtevant (1297). Others related to Latin America have been included below under ““Theory and Method.”’

At the risk of oversimplification, we can try to give a typology of studies and sources that now are commonly considered ethnohistorical. Here this typology must be broad. Given the wide spectrum of materials for possible inclusion under each type, coverage below is highly selective, illustrative rather than exhaustive. The first major distinction is between works primarily concerned with American

Indians before European contact, and those works dealing with postcontact phenomena. Obviously, some writings span portions of both eras. But among those devoted essentially to preconquest civilizations are publications of sources prepared by the natives themselves before contact and while precontact tradition and practices were still regnant in the early colonial period. This unique body of documentation is primarily represented by the Indian pictorial documents, native

codices from Middle America not found elsewhere in the world, let alone the hemisphere. Studies of these, or based on them, are ethnohistorical.

Closely allied are native annals, chronicles, poems and songs with historical content, histories, and other Indian productions, often recorded by Hispanized Indians or mestizos in native languages, using European script. These may also have pictorial elements. With the strong and growing interest in natives stemming from indigenista political and cultural concerns, such “‘versiones de los vencidos”’ increasingly appear, to offset the generally Hispanist bias that has permeated the historiography of colonial Latin America. Related sources are mestizo accounts

118 BACKGROUND in Spanish, the archetype of which would be the works of Garcilaso de la Vega (1545).

Nearly all Spanish colonial chroniclers and historians provide ethnohistorical material in varying degrees, data from which the precontact past can be reconstructed. We omit many of these, like Antonio de Herrera, whose attention was on Europeans, not natives. Esteve Barba (2040) discusses many authors, Spanish, mestizo, and native. For administrative, religious, or personal reasons, however, certain colonial writers like Sahagin, Acosta, Torquemada, Huaman Poma, and others especially dedicated themselves to preserving pre-Spanish native traditions. The Crown ordered viceregal authorities to make numerous special inquiries on pre-Spanish practices to find ways of improving administration and evangelization; an archetype of such materials is the 1577 questionnaire that produced the famous Relaciones geogrdficas (1473). These and other written materials often are auxiliary to archaeological inquiries concerned with the dynamics of pre-Columbian America, the self-contained developments of which were truncated, diluted, and eventually absorbed or submerged by European norms and modes following conquest and pacification. Writings labeled ethnohistory for postcontact times run a wide gamut and use many of the same sources. One of the more traditional types is the study of Spanish or Portuguese institutions designed specifically to cope with a large, non-

Christian population: encomienda, evangelization, development of Indian communities and governments to conform with Hispanic legal canons, and the like. Here, however, we have excluded much of this literature as being primarily of concern to Europeans, as are nearly all of the polemics of the sixteenth century concerning the nature of the Indian and the juridical norms that should apply to natives.

Scholarly interest continually grows in the transformation of the precontact native to the Indian of the more recent past. Increasingly anthropologists have noted the gap in cultural developments between the precontact peoples reachable primarily through archaeological techniques and those whom scientific ethnology began to describe less than a century ago. To link the two periods they have turned in larger numbers to archival research and published descriptions produced

during the colonial period to answer questions of central interest to their disciplinary interests.

On their part, historians have noted that their reconstruction of the colonial, and now even the national, period has been consciously or unconsciously biased and incomplete if emphasis is exclusively placed on the Europeanized segments of Latin American developments. Hence from history, as well as from geography, history of art, and a variety of other specialties, have come studies that anthropologists would consider acculturation and transculturation studies, and the historians might label the interplay of cultures.

Another topic of basic importance that has attracted attention from several fields is historical demography. Increasingly sophisticated techniques have been applied to answer the apparently simple question: How many Indians were in America at discovery? The answer remains in dispute, but related inquiries about changes in population, race mixture, cultural hybridization, and deculturation have been raised and, in some cases, partially resolved. Some collateral aspects of these studies are related to moot points about the Indian in national society, and what native or aboriginal values and practices are worth retaining. At

ETHNOHISTORY 119 such junctures ethnohistorical questions merge with those of interest to historians

of nationalism and political culture, or of sociointellectual movements like indigenismo, even APRA.

It should now be self-evident that ethnohistory is thus not a single, selfcontained subspecialty, with an agreed-upon body of theory and standardized procedures applicable to all situations. Rather it is an approach that gives rise toa

variety of studies not otherwise conveniently classified, but which in varying combinations usually employ historiographical and anthropological methodologies and techniques. Anthropologists may employ historiographical practices to derive answers to anthropological questions about the Indian past, just as historians may well selectively employ anthropological concepts to clarify and better understand Indian matters, recent or remote. They share common ground in their concern for bibliographical controls, availability and criticisms of sources, but diverge on the materials selected for final syntheses. Both because the notion of ethnohistory as a disciplinary subspecialty is relatively recent and because the importance of the native varied widely in various parts of Latin America, there is an uneven coverage by area and topic. Heaviest concentration appears on what anthropologists have called ‘“‘Nuclear America.”’ It includes the seats of “‘high civilizations” in highland Mexico, the Maya areas,

and the Peruvian Incaic highlands. Modern professional ethnohistory of the Caribbean scarcely exists. For the greater part of South America and much of the

circum-Caribbean and Central American areas it is now in varying stages of early development.

At present, the largest body of organized literature relates to Mesoamerica, a term first invented and defined by Kirchhoff (1293). It is the area south of a line slightly north of the central mesa of Mexico southward to about the Ulta River in Honduras. It thus embraces most of the “high civilizations’? of Middle America, as well as many marginal to them. Studies of the Maya areas and peoples have

developed an enormous technical literature that is nearly equaled by that for Central Mexico. Important summaries of various aspects of Middle America are appearing in the multivolume, cooperative Handbook of Middle American Indians, edited by Wauchope (1224). Scheduled for relatively early publication in it is a three- or four-volume ‘“‘Guide to Ethnohistorical Sources” under the editorship of Cline, containing more than thirty specialized articles and bibliographies on ethnogeography, materials in the European traditions, and those in the native traditions. In response to the growing body of literature, the standard Handbook of Latin American Studies (38) in 1960 established a separate section on the ethnohistory of Mesoamerica, to which attention is particularly directed. There has long been a tradition of Andean ethnohistorical studies, an earlier generation of which is represented by Means (1531). This was given critical review (in part) by Rowe (1532) and Kubler (1590) when the Handbook of South American Indians (1272) appeared, but their contributions were about the only ethnohistorical articles in that major publication. The past few years have seen an accelerated and broadening interest, with critical review of earlier work by Murra, Wedin, Zuidema, and others. In response to the upswing of identifiable literature of scholarly merit, the Handbook of Latin American Studies (38) in 1968 instituted a section on the ethnohistory of South America, paralleling coverage for Mesoamerica. Many of the items below have been taken from that initial contribution, which starts its coverage as of 1960.

120 BACKGROUND It must be repeated that this section represents only a sampling of the available literature. For inclusion have been selected bibliographical and other tool publications, works by leading scholars of past and present, topical and area studies of

merit usually based on native sources, and representative titles, sometimes of lesser quality, for areas on which modern ethnohistorical studies are scarce or lacking. Partly to indicate a recent broadened international interest, a sample title from Japan (1528) appears as a reminder that there is a body of knowledge outside English, Spanish, Portuguese, German, French, and translations from Dutch and Swedish, also represented. Purposely excluded has been a large corpus of writings created by and of main interest to Europeans and non-natives on the

juridical status of Indians in the colonial world, traditional and well-known treatises on forced labor and encomienda, and modern extensions of them by indigenistas seeking to better the recent and modern Indian. Juridical codes and compilations of the national period related to Indian status and welfare have also been omitted. Here a word might be said about this section of the guide. It came into being when the Editorial Advisory Board reviewed contributions to other sections and noted that several of them had items of ethnohistorical interest. Up to that point, no systematic attention had been given to what many believe is a growing and potentially significant sphere of historiographical work on Latin America. In late December 1967, the section was thus created, with principal responsibility for it accepted by the writer. Given the deadlines and the broad scope of the topic, he

decided to select sample titles, many from the Handbook of Latin American Studies and from other sections of this guide from which the editor had extracted them. Where a previous annotation for these entries existed, it has been retained (occasionally with some editorial changes) and its original compiler has been credited. The writer has, with the assistance of Charles Gibson, added a number of items for whose annotations he is responsible. This eclectic procedure seems wholly appropriate to ethnohistory, itself an embryonic interdisciplinary approach to the past, where many scholarly interests converge.

NOTE: Comments in this section by John V. Mura are identified by the initials

J. V.M.

1. General Brief programmatic statement on need for closer correlation of written and material remains for recon-

Q. Theory and Method cuncnamplen Hispanic native cultures, with Mexi 1288. Adams, Richard N. Ethnohistoric 499. Fenton, William N. The training of hisresearch methods: some Latin American torical ethnologists in America. AAn. v. features. E. v. 9, Spring, 1962: 179-205. 54. 1952: 328-339. Important statement by a social anthropologist. Focus An earl and important statement bv an anthropolois on Mesoamerica and Andean areas, summarizing ‘: y por atement OY PO present status. Discusses various views of definition 8!St 0n the need to intermingle historical and anthro-

of the field, with useful bibliography. pological techniques to form what is now generally

called “‘ethnohistory. 1289. Bernal, Ignacio. Archeology and writ- ; , , ten sources. Jn Symposium. Pictorial and 1291. Gibson, Charles. Consideraciones so-

written sources for Middle American na- bre la etnohistoria. EA. v. 21. mayo-jun., tive history. Proceedings of the AXALV Brief coneral diccescion of the field of ethnohistory International Congress of Americanists, with reference primarily to Mexico. A historian’s Vienna, 1960. Vienna, 1962. p. 219- view of the development of the specialty, its problems,

226. and lacunae.

ETHNOHISTORY: GENERAL 121 1292. Kirchhoff, Paul. Los estudios meso- 1904-. americanos, hoy y manana. /m Suma __ Classified listing of anthropological, geographical, and

oo ae: _ - ography appeared in the Journal of the Société. The

A Weitlaner. Mexico, 1966. p. 205: 208. t most recent seen, issued separately for 1965-1966,

short but important statement by a major student. has frequent inaccuracies in citations. Notes great progress in the past decade, with reten- . . . tion of interdisciplinary approaches, fundamentally 1299. Boletin bibliografico de antropologia

basedinvestigations on ethnohistory” Paleo and archacologt, México, 1937-. (Pan cal areIndian “‘Prologue”’ toamericana. “‘ancient History,” . :Ameriafter which comes the long “Epilogue,” for him the Cor Institute of hy tery), hy and History.

unwritten part, ethnohistory from conquest to the Omm1ssion On istory). , Mexican Revolution. The journal contains a wide variety of notices, lists,

; , bibliographies. A general index to materials 1937-

1293. . Kirchhoff, Paul. Mesoamerica: SUS 1967 (v. 1-28) was issued separately in 1967. Issues limites geograficos, composicién étnica currently appear at about two-year intervals. Cur-

y caracteres culturales. México, 1960. rently prepared by Eusebio Davalos Hurtado and

13 p., map Anselmo Marino Flores.

Second edition of Kirchhoff’s classical study (1943) 1300. Chamberlain, Robert S. Simpson’s in which he defined Mesoamerica as a culture area The Encomienda in New Spain and reby traits (present in the sixteenth century) that cul- cent encomienda studies. HAHR. v. 34,

turally differentiated parts ofand Mexico and America. Central M 1954: 238-250 America from North South BAY, L7AIM.

., ; Review article, citing main encomienda£9 literature

1294. La Farge, Oliver. Maya ethnology: through 1952. Of obvious general importance to inthe sequence of cultures. Jn The Maya stitutional studies, omitted here as marginal to ethno-

and their neighbors. p. 281-291. history are several major studies he discusses.

Pioneering attempt to Provide a chronological Comas,cultures. Juan. Bibliografia work for postcontact nighianvameaya1301. native eeselectiva 4 sosdea

Proposed sequence: |. Conquest (1524-1600); 2. Co- las cue incigenas de América. Mé

lonial Indian (to ca. 1720); 3. First Transition (172 1- XICO, -XXVH, 272 p. Maps.

1800); 4. Recent Indian I (1800-1880); and 5. Recent Useful summary of studies and aids, arranged by Indian I] (1880-). These hypotheses remain untested 47€as.

in detail. 1302. Friederici, Georg. Amerikanistisches

1295. Murra, John V. Social, structural and Worterbuch and Hilfsworterbuch fur economic themes in Andean colonization. den Amerikanisten, Deutsch-Spanisch-

AQ. v. 34, Apr., 1961: 47-59. Englisch. 2. ed. Hamburg, 1960. (Univ.

Programmatic statement by a leader of the recent re- Hamburg. Abhandlungen aus dem Ge-

visionist approaches. Oe biet der Auslandskunde 53).

1296. Nicholson, Henry B. Native historical A German-English-Spanish dictionary of anthrotraditions of nuclear America and the pological terms common in Americanist studies.

problem of their archaeological correla- 1303. Gibson, Gordon D., comp. A bibli-

tion. AAn. v. 57, June, 1955: 594-613. ography of anthropological bibliogA concise and authoritative survey of attempts to link raphies: the Americas. CA. v. 1, Jan.,

archaeological sequences with native traditions, with 1960: 61-75.

a review of problems and methods, Included ars Ger; ncudes eighteen entries for Latin America: thirty

Maya area, the Pipil of Guatemala and El Salvador. °!* for western South America; and two for eastern and the Andean region. Reading this in conjunction South America.

with Gordon R. Willey’s article on the prehistoric 1304. Harvard University. Peabody Museum

civilizations Wiew chaucless Amenea [RW an of Archaeology and Ethnology. Library.

exe ET OVEN a ou Catalogue. Boston, 1963-. 27 v.

1297. Sturtevant, William C. Anthropology, Vast treasury of information by authors and subject; history, and ethnohistory. E. v. 13, 1966: — especially useful. Peabody Museum since about 1885

1-51. has analyzed major periodicals and monographs with

An important summary of methodological problems anthropological content. The major point of departure

by an anthropologist who has pioneered recent ethno- [°F ethnohistorical INQUITIES. .

historical inquiries. Basic article for those not familiar 1305. Sahagun, Bernardino de, Fray. C6-

with the contents and methods of ethnohistory. dices matritenses de la Historia general

b. Bibliographies and1964. Guides 2 dev. las(Coleccién cosas de la Nueva Espana. MaPOP drid, Chimalistac

1298. Bibliographie américaniste. Journal de libros y documentos acerca de la de la Société des Américanistes de Paris, Nueva Espafia 19-20).

122 BACKGROUND Edited by Manuel Ballesteros Caibrols, Vv. 1 describes estructura colonial. México, 1963. 443

the several native an panish manuscripts in the p. (Coleccién de antropologia social).

anes ° the Roya’ P alace ane ine fcacemy of Highly competent monograph, based on manuscript the q ry. ve Dri uces: P 6 ie we 258-1560). materials, dealing with Spanish and native medical © Crawings In Primeros MemMoriales ' ‘ and paramedical practices and interrelationships. Extensive bibliography.

c. General and Comparative Materials 1311. Borges, Pedro. Métodos misionales

i. Sources en la cristianizacion de América; siglo

; a xvi. Madrid, 1960. 573 p. (Biblioteca

1306. Acosta, José de. Historia natural y ‘‘Missionalia Hispanica,” 12).

moral de las Indias... Sevilla, 1590.535, First general study of the subject based on full ac-

36 p. quaintance with the sources. Some conclusions are Possibly the single most important general sixteenth- @uestionable. century ethnohistorical Source, topics coveringin Mase 1312. Disselhoff, ou merica, embracing its and subtitle: rites, : .Hans D., and Sigvald Linné. ceremonies, laws and government, and Indian wars. Alt-Amerika, die Hochkulturen der neuen There is an English translation of 1880 (Hakluyt So- Welt. Baden-Baden, 1960. 288 p. illus., ciety, 60-61) and two excellent modern scholarly maps.

editions (México, 1940: Madrid, 1954). Although particularly concerned with the artistic

, achieveinient of pre-Columbian America, brief sum-

1307. Casas, Bartolome de las. Obras €SCO- —maries are included of the late pre-Hispanic cultures of

gidas. Madrid, 1957-1958. 5 v. (Biblio- various areas of America, derived from documentary teca de autores espanoles 95, 96, 105, sources. (An English edition, N.Y., 1960).

106). 1313. Katz, Friedrich. Vergleichsmomente

This is the best scholarly edition of the controversial zwischen der sozialem und wirtschaftBishop S main works, all of which relate to ethno- lichen Organisation der Inka in Peru und

history.his V. major I[-2 contain the Historia effort, generalwith de las d Aztek ECN Indias, historiographical a critier zte en. 7» 1960: Ve oy59-7 0 . 6.

cal study by Juan Pérez de Tudela Bueso: he also Marxian comparative analysis of various aspects of provides a similar study for v. 3-4, Apologética his- Incan and Aztec culture, concluding that the latter was toria, and the polemic treatises in v. 5. All have ex- moving toward more centralized controls, like the cellent indexes. Las Casas’s historical works were [nca.

weely used by colonia, chroniclers. the Apotogetica 1314. Pericot Garcia, Luis. América indi-

cthnohistory. ams onber Works inary fer gena. 2. ed. Barcelona, 1962. 1,182 p.

; illus., maps. (Historia de América y de

1308. Cobo, Bernabe. Obras. Estudio pre- los pueblos americanos 1). liminar y edicidn del P. Francisco A standard general summary by a distinguished Mateos. Madrid, 1956. 2 v. (Biblioteca Catalan anthropologist. Important bibliography.

de autores espanoles 91, 92). 1315. Phelan, John L. The millennial king-

menta istoria del nuevo mundo, forty-two ae ro

These contain ihe surviving parts of “pos mon dom of the Franciscans in the new world: books, in three parts, of which extant are fourteen a study of the writings of Geronimo de books on natural history and three on the foundation Mendieta, 1525 ~1604. Berkeley, 1956. of Lima. Cobo traveled not only in Peru, but through- (University of California publications in out Central America and New Spain, hence the nat- history 52).

ural history portions contain data on much of Spanish — | mportant contribution to intellectual history, as well

America, including Indian usages. as an exhaustive critique of Mendieta’s important 1309. Solérzano Pereira, Juan de. Politica "itings, most of them related to Indians.

indiana, sacada en lengua castellana... 1316. Spicer, Edward H. Cycles of con-

Madrid, 1648. 104 p. quest: the impact of Spain, Mexico, and

For all aspects of Indian life this is a major source. The the United States on the Indians of the volume is an adaption (not translation) of his earlier Southwest. 1533-1960. Tucson. Arizona

(1629, 1639) treatises De indiarum iure, which are 1962. 609 ’ ‘llus.. maps. bibl ° ° complementary. The 1736-1739 edition contains im- ; p. INUS., ae r N Ww Mex; d portant added material by Ramiro Valenzuela; the /™portant comparative study of N.W. Mexico an

usual scholarly edition appeared in Madrid, 1930, with S-W. United States native cultures under varying

notes by- 1317. José Maria Ots R. Capdequi. conditions. Zuidema, T. American social sys11. Modern Studies tems and their mutual similarity. BTLV. . , .. v. 121: 1; 1965: 103-119. 1310. Aguir re Beltran, Gonzalo. Medicina Comparison of pre-Columbian Andean and Mesoy magia: el proceso de aculturacion en la american social structures. [J.V.M.]

ETHNOHISTORY: GENERAL 123 d. Selected Topics Anthology, arranged geographically, of Spanish translations of texts of literary value in various Mayance

i. Native Literature languages. Includes a brief but perceptive general introduction, plus separate introduction to each geo-

1318. Alcina Franch, José. Floresta literaria 8f4Phc section,

de la América indigena: antologia de la il. Historical Demography

literatura de los pueblos indigenas de 1326. Borah, Woodrow W., and S. F. Cook.

America. Madrid, 1957. 427 p. The population of central Mexico in

ious indigenous New .

literaey compositicns pans) dransfations of oral 1548: an analysis of the Suma de visitas World cultures, divided into five sections: (1) North de pueblos. Berkeley, 1960. 215 p. bibl.

America; (2) Nahua; (3) Maya; (4) Quechua; and (Ibero-Americana 43).

(5) South American marginals. Following the pioneering work of Cook and Simpson.

; . Borah and Cook have undertaken an important series

1319. Cadogan, Leén. La literatura de los of inquiries, still in progress, published in /beroGuaranies. México, 1965. 162 p. bibl. Americana. For 1532 they record 16.9 million, which

A fascinating volume by a great expert on the Guar- declined to 1.07 million by 1608. A related study, The

ani language and people. After a sizable chapter on original population of Central Mexico on the eve the forest Guarani, the author translates stories on 0f the Spanish Conquest (ibid., 45, 1963), posited the their world law, medicine, magic, legends, etc. 1519 POP aonare at from 22 toin 28 controversy. million (25.2 plus or . ,view, , , minus 3 million). Their results still

1320. Cid Pérez, José, and Dolores Marti de 1327. Cook. Sherb K d Les] B

Cid. Teatro indio precolombino. Madrid, f. LOOK, Sherburne f., anc Lesley D.

1964. 368 p. bibl Simpson. The population of central Mex-

Contains the Guegiience, Rabinal, and other native ico in the sixteenth century. Berkeley,

texts. 1948. 241 p. map. (Ibero-Americana 31). ° First of a series of /bero-Americana issues dealing

1321. Flachskampf, Ludwig, and Hermann with the sharp reduction of Indian population in the Trimborn. Volksdichtung der Ketschua. sixteenth century. They placed the 1519 population

In den Talern von Cochabamba ge- at 11 million. A pioneering and still important study sammelt von Jestis Lara. Ketschua und analyzing tribute and tithe records for all areas and

. all major towns of central Mexico. The conclusions

C Deutsch. oon 1959. 166 p. were widely criticized in the late 1940’s and 1950’s as

Ho ection of Nuecnua poems wi erman transla- indicating too severe a population loss. Recent studies

lon. ; ; ; (see Dobyns, Borah and Cook) suggest that Cook and

1322. Garibay Kintana, Angel M. Historia Simpson may actually have underestimated the de-

de la literatura ndhuatl. México, 1953-_ line. [C.G.] 1954. 2 v. illus., bibl. (Biblioteca Porrua 1328. Dobyns, Henry F. Estimating aborigi-

1, 5). nal American population: an appraisal

Based on twenty-eight sixteenth- and early seven- of techniques, with a new hemispheric teenth-century manuscripts, codices, relaciones, estimate. CA. v. 7. Oct.. 1966: 395-416

chronicles, and histories, this treats of religious, lyric,historic A?5—-449 epic and dramatic poetry, didactic discourses, ia ;sn? ° , ,

and imaginative prose, the fusion of native and Span- Major contribution. A review article with replete ish concepts, Sahagtin, postconquest poetry, and other bibliography, with cr tical comments and notes by forms of literature. A basic work for colonial Indian Other specialists. Dobyns’ estimate of ninety million

; ~ million. 1323. L i i . . . guos mexicanos a través de sus cronicas : , la cona ; cidn de las Indias despuésS.de

history. [C.G.] is ed above others, which range from thirteen to thirty 323, Leon-Portilla, Miguel, ed. Los anti- 1399. Lipschutz, Alejandro. La despobla-

cantares.useful México, 1961.by198 p. author, illus. uista. AL.with v. 26. 1966:q 229-247 Aytypical, study this who other ° a >: - a

young Mexicans under the leadership of the late SU™mary analysis of various regions of Spanish Amer-

Father Garibay, have studied, translated, and pub- ©. with charts and estimates of native survivors at

lished a vast body of Nahuatl (Aztec) materials, nearly Ya™0US year s in the colonial period.

all relevant to ethnohistory. 1330. Lopez Sarrelangue, Delfina E. Pobla1324. Leén-Portilla, Miguel, ed. El reverso —-—-«©10n_indigena de la Nueva Espana en de la conquista: relaciones aztecas,mayas _ I Siglo xviii. HM. v. 12, abr.—jun., 1963:

eincas. México, 1964. 516-530. . i. .

Part of a growing literature on ‘“‘visidn de los venci- | COmparative population statistics for New Spain from

dos,” native views of conquest and pacification. the Teatro americano of José Villasenor and unpub1325. Sodi. D ‘o. La Laliteratura li lished records. A valuable study, and theeightfirst : sodi, L emetrio. de tribute los to trace systematically population growth in the Mayas. México, 1964. 154 p. (El Legado _ eenth century. [C.G.]

de la América Indigena). 1331. Miranda, José. La poblacion indigena

124 BACKGROUND de México en el siglo xvii. HM. v. 12, 1337. Manrique, J. A., ed. Veinticinco

oct.-dic., 1962: 182-189. ahos de investigaciOn historica en MéThe first comprehensive seventeenth-century popula- xico. México, 1966.

tion figures reported for Mexico with a full series, by A valuable special number of HM. Especially relepolitical jurisdiction, for 1644, and another for 1692. vant is “Historia prehispanica,” p. 375-403, and “‘HisPopulation increase between these dates is demon- torja de la historia,” p. 46-78.

strated, and the author estimates that the low point . .

occurred in the 1620’s or 1630's. [C.G. ] 1338. Nicholson, H. B. Ethnohistory: Meso-

1332. Rosenblat, Angel. La poblacion indi- america. in ae v wh oe). 26 G6. gena de América, desde 1492 hasta la y 75. 1963. 50-61. v.27. 1965. 75-96.

rev. B.A., 1954. 59° 1967. Aactualidad. pioneering study firsted. issued in 1935, with succesv. ’ 156-199. .;— sive revisions. Recent scholarship has seriously ques- | Fundamental coverage, in great detail, including many

tioned Rosenblat’s conclusions as underestimates. !™Portant publications omitted from this section. The

- LCarippean .

The matter remains controversial in 1968. introductions provide important information on trends

2. Caribb and concepts. A basic point of departure. 11. Reference Works

1333. Sauer, Carl O. The early Spanish 1339. Alvarado, Francisco de. Vocabulario AnMain. Berkeley, contribution 1906. 306 p. illus.by aps.one en lengua mixteca: reproducciénafacimportant of the outstanding .-

students of Latin American geography. Reviews the sim ar con un estudio de Wigberto Ji basic literature on Spanish colonization for the period menez Moreno y un apéndice con un vo1492-1518, including the discovery. later Columbian cabulario sacado del Arte en lengua mix-

voyages, settlement or. the islands. (° the tecaIdentide Fray Antonio mainland, and destruction of expansion native societies. Sy? de los Reyes.

fies the practical beginnings of Spanish policy and rela- ran eXICO: 1962. 153 Pe ulus. ’, Neah . t tions with Indians. Exceptionally rich in geographical Spanj sh. Mint, ec vocabula at r SIX sted | 159%.

and ethnohistorical insight. from pub- afor ndithe bl student fon h ant, ed In " lished sources. [(C.G_] NnDocumented Indispensable source ofdent the ethnohistory of western Oaxaca.

3. Middle America 1340. Anders, Ferdinand. Wort-und Sach-

a. General register zu Eduard Seler: Gesammelte - DL: ; , Abhandlungen zur Amerikanischen & pe G Sprach—und Altertumskunde. Graz,

1. Bibliographies and Guides

1334. Bernal, Ignacio. Bibliografia de ar- Austria, 1967. 668 p. illus.

queologia y etnografia: Mesoamérica y_ First complete index to all five volumes of Eduard norte de México. 1514-1960. México. ‘Selers monumental Gesammelte Abhandlungen,

, . ° which contains many fundamental contributions to

Antropolouia ¢ Historia. Memorias. 7), Mesoamerican ethnohistory Basic volume, with 13,134 titles, organized by culture 1341. Cordoba, Juan de. Vocabulario

areas and topics. castellano-zapotec. Mexico, 1942. 37 p. (Biblioteca lingiiistica mexicana 1). 1335. Carrera Stampa, . Manuel. Fuentes Facsimile reproduction of a work by one of the best para el estudio de la historia indigena. /n of the colonial students of native languages.

Cook de Leonard, Esplendor . .. p. 1342. Edmonson, Munro S. Quiché-English

1109-1196. dictionary. New Orleans, 1965. 168 p.

Important listing and bibliography of native tradition bibl. (Middle American. Research Inand European sources, arranged by culture areas. stitute 30) 1336. Carrera Stampa, Manuel. Fuentes First modern dictionary derived from documentary para el estudio del mundo indigena. sources of one of the major native languages of HighMAMH ev. 21, jul.-set., 1962: 261-312: end Suatemaa. mayor contriution to Highland oct.-dic., 1962: 375-413; v. 22, enero— 7ualema’a ethnohistory and’ linguistics: |

marzo. 1963: 31-110: abr.—jun. 1963: 1343. Estudios de cultura maya. México, 152-212; jul—set., 1963: 261-326; oct— _, 1961-.

2. -ANN ; This annual, modeled on the slightly older Estudios de

dic. 1963: 361 420. illus., maps, plates. cultura ndadhuati, is issued for the scholarly presenta“a od. atthe previous item men omarged ane c°r- tion of materials on the Maya. It is published by the

gn this annotated list of principal docu- Seminario de Cultura Maya of the Instituto de Hismentary and pictorial sources that contain data con- toria of the UNAM

cerning Mesoamerican history and ethnography is . , yo incomplete and contains many errors, it provides a 1344. Estudios de cultura nahuatl. Mexico, wealth of useful bibliographic information. 1959-.

ETHNOHISTORY: MIDDLE AMERICA 125 This annual contains original articles, documents, and _ Beltran and Ricardo Pozas A. The section on native other materials relating to the society and culture of institutions in independent Mexico by Moisés Gon-

Nahuatl-speaking groups in preconquest and post- zalez Navarro is unique coverage of ethnohistory of contact times. Issued by the Seminario de Cultura the prerevolutionary national period.

Nahuatl of the Instituto de Historia of the UNAM. 1351. Clavijero, Francisco J. Historia anti-

1345. Garcia Granados, Rafael. Diccio- — gua de México. México, 1945. 4 v. illus.

nario biografico de historia antigua de = (Colecci6n de escritores mexicanos Méjico. México, 1952-1953. 3 v. (Pu- 7-10). blicaciones del Instituto de Historia 1, An eighteenth-century Jesuit’s reconstruction of na-

ser. 23). tive history, principally from Torquemada and other

V. 1 and 2 relate to the preconquest period. V.3 isa Standard sources, with some further data on native Indians assembled from a large number of sources. Writings that reveals the emergence of a sense of local One of the few usable reference works in Mexican identification and patriotism. A work of exceptional

ethnohistory. [C.G_] interest from many points of view. [C.G. ]

1346. Molina, Alonso de. Vocabulario en 1352. Cook de Leonard, Carmen, ed. Es-

lengua castellana y mexicana. Obra im- oes har icine antiguo. Mexico, presa en Mexico, por Antonio de Spi- Richly illustrated studies by various specialists on

nola en 1571, y ahora editada en facsimil. _ nearly all aspects of precontact societies and cultures.

Madrid, 1944. 2 v. in |. (Colecciédn de A basic reference and point of departure for the

incunables americanos, siglo xvi, 4). novice. A major sixteenth-century Ndhuatl-Spanish diction. 1353. Graham, John A., ed. Ancient Mesoary, an important source for changes in Indian cul- america: selected readings. Palo Alto,

ture. [C.G. ] Calif., 1966. 300 p. illus.

1347. Simeon, Remi. Dictionnaire de la Reprint of thirty important articles published between , a 1932 and 1963 in miscellaneous journals by various langue nahuatl ou mexicaine. Graz, authors, dealing with the archaeology and cultural his-

Reissue Austria, 1963. 710 p huatl-French d toryNahuatl-French of Mesoamerica. of Simeon’s classic

diction- . .

ary and Nahuatl grammar, first published in 1885, with 1354. Krickeberg, Walter. Las . antiguas

a new introduction by Durand-Forest summarizing culturas mexicanas. Tr. de Sita Garst the career and research of this important nineteenth- and Jasmin Reuter. México, 1961. 476 p.

century French Nahuatlato. illus., maps, bibl.

1348. Tlalocan: a journal of source mate- Treats of the Aztecs, Chichimecs and Toltecs, Teorials on the native cultures of Mexico. tihuacan, the Zapotecs, Totonacs, Archaic cultures,

. _ western Mexico, and the Olmec civilization. The first

roo egramento, Can ‘od Oecorge Smisor. this edition was in German (Berlin, 1956). [R.W.] A secirregularly published journal is now edited by Ignacio ond, emargee Serm Ce on hou appeares in 1206, wi

Bernal and Fernando Horcasitas. Five volumes have "4 nN section by an -utscher and a new colore

appeared to date. It contains a wide variety of ma- map. An important synthesis. .

terials on Mexican ethnohistory with which it is ex- 1355. West, Robert C., and John P. Augelli.

clusively concerned. Middle America: its lands and peoples. ui. Syntheses and General Works Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1966. 482 p. illus., maps.

: V. Maps, DIDI. . .

1349. Bancroft, Hubert H. The native races Chapter 8 provides an important synthesis of cultural

= gs . and economic geography of Mexico and Guatemala

“ gos Pacific rates. San Francisco, fom precontact times.

Although assembled by methods that scarcely meet 1356. Wolf, Eric R. Sons o f the shaking today’s standards of research, this huge collection earth: the people of Mexico and Guateof early data is still useful to the scholar who needs mala; their land, history, and cultures. source leads into almost any topic of native cultures Chicago, 1959. 302 p. illus., maps, bibl. in Middle America and western North America. An ambitious attempt to synthesize the culture history

[R.W.] of the native Mesoamerican peoples from early to

1350. Caso, Alfonso. Métodos y resultados Modern times. A general, lively, and stimulating ac-

MINI. v. 6. 1954. 303 p. | | .

de la politica indigenista en México. count.

Important summary statements on native institutions b. Sources in the Native Traditions by leading Mexican specialists. Pre-Columbian Mex- i. Methods, Studies, Catalogs ico by Alfonso Caso; colonial Indian by Silvio Zavala . ; ——and José Miranda; present-day by Gonzalo Aguirre 1357. Alcina Franch, José. Fuentes indi-

126 BACKGROUND genas de Mejico: ensayo de sistematiza- including several now lost.

cion bibliografica. RI. v. 15, jul.-dic., 1364. Mateos Higuera, Salvador. La picto-

1955:421-S21. 0 | | grafia tarasca. In El Occidente de Mé-

A listing, with brief description, of 103 native Mexican xico. Sociedad Mexicana de Antropolosources, according “cultural origin. C Keunion R ‘6n de Useful, butclassified far from complete; lacks to thorough scholargla, ; ia. uarto de M esaRedond Redonda.

ly apparatus. México, 1948. p. 160-174. a . . Descriptions of seven Tarascan native pictorial docuees Ameer; ‘ oe ted Die Macricer ments, reproducing Codice de la familia Cuara.

sianus) Adeva Mitteilun en (Gray Aus. 1365. Nicholson, H. B. Symposium. The . 8 2 Se Mesoamerican pictorial manuscripts: tria). Heft 11, Marz, 1967: 15-22. illus. research. past and present. Proceed;

Useful descriptions and well-documented summary >?P Pp __ oceedings

of the histories of the three surviving Lowland Maya of the XXXIV International Congress screenfold books, with particular attention to the of Americanists, Vienna, 1960. Vienna,

Madrid. 1962. p. 199-215.

1359. Boban, Eugene, ed. Documents pour Summary review of achievements and some current

servir a Vhistoire du Mexique. Paris, problems.

1891. 2 v. and atlas. illus. 1366. Nowotny, Karl A. Tlacuilolli: die mexiCatalog of the greatcommentary Aubin-Goupil collection in Patis. —_kanischen_Bilderhandschriften, Stil und with abundant and transcription and a . :;

pictorial atlas. The collection includes some of the Inhalt. Mit einem Katalog der Codex foremost extant codical documents, e.g., Cddice Borgia Gruppe. Berlin, 1961. 286 p. Xolotl, Mapa Quinatzin, Mapa de Tepechpan, Codex illus., bibl. (Monumenta americana 3).

of 1576, Codex de Vergara, Codex Cozcatzin, His- A specialist’s item, although first two parts provide toria Tolteca-Chichimeca, Codice Azcatitlan, the general introduction and 67 representative photos of Relaciones of Chimalpahin, Codex Mexicanus, and Borgia group pictorials. Opens up new approaches in

many others. [C.G. | his detailed catalog of contents.

1360. Boturini Benaducci, Lorenzo. Idea de 1367. Radin, Paul. The sources and auuna nueva historia general de la Amer Ica thenticity of the history of the ancient Septentrional, fundada sobre material Mexicans. Berkeley, 1920. 150 p. (Uni-

copioso de figuras, symbolos, caracteres, versity of California publications in

y jeroglificos, cantares, y manuscritos American archaeology and ethnology 17).

de autores indios, ulttmamente descu- Discussion and translation of various Mexican Indian biertos. [Catalogo.| Madrid, 1746. 167, prose sources in a pioneering study of continuing

96 p. illus. value.

A colonial inventory of pictorial and other texts of 1368. Robertson, Donald. Mexican manu-

Spanish-Indian history. No collection of Mexican na- :, nti : rie

tive materials before or since has equaled the collec- ae painting Ov ane cary colon P He tion of Boturini. Surviving documents of the collection od: the metropo itan SCNOOIS. INEW Flaare now principally in the Bibliotheque Nationale in ven, 1959. 234 p. illus., bibl. (Yale his-

Paris. [C.G.] torical publications. History of art 12).

1361. Cline, Howard F. Native pictorial Stylistic ysisof ofCentral radian Mexico, pictorialtracing arts asthe represented . in the ana codices modificadocuments of eastern Oaxaca, Mexico. tions resulting from Spanish influence and classifying In Suma antropologica en homenaje a the material into schools. Illustrations of high quality.

Roberto J. Weitlaner. México, 1966. p. [C.G.]

Extended 30 esion with census, maps, and illustra- 1369. Tovar, Juan de. The Tovar calendar:

tions of fifty-five postcontact items. an illustrated Mexican manuscript ca.

az) * 2) bl be _

, 1585. Reproduced, 1362. Glass, John B. Catalogo de la colec- with a commentary cion de cddices. México. 1964. 237 and handlist of sources . . . by George

ue. bibl ©?" P- Kubler and Charles Gibson. New Haven,

Listing of all pictorials in the codex collection of the 195 I. 82 p. illus. (Memoirs of the Con Museo Nacional de Antropologia, with summary de- necticut Academy of Arts and Sciences scriptions of each and a classification of the pieces 11). according to type and regional provenience. Reproduces and comments upon a calendar of the 1363. Lehmann. Walter Uber Taraskische | late sixteenth century showing the accommodation of Bild hrift ? Gl ODUS, b 87. 1905: and Indian measuring time. Comiiderscnruten. V. ’ *European parative analysis with ideas other of materials of a similar type.

410-413. [C.G.] The extensive discussion of sources and their

Brief survey of Tarascan native pictorial documents, — relationships in the handlist is especially useful.

ETHNOHISTORY: MIDDLE AMERICA 127 ii. Pictorial Documents The Borgia is typical and the most important of a

group of ritual documents, including the Vaticanus NOTE: B, Laud, Cospi or Bologna, and Fejérvary-Mayer.

More than 400 native Mexican pictorial There is a distinct ““Mixteca group” (Vindobonensis or

. . Vienna, Nuttall or Zouche, Bodley, Selden, etc.).

documents eRe A complete census, with Among other post-Columbian codices are the MatriCX austive bib iography, has been prepared cula de Tributos, Tira de la Peregrinacién, Codex of for the ‘““Guide to Ethnohistorical Sources 1576, Telleriano-Remensis, Magliabecchi, Mendoza,

(See, Cline in [1224 ]). Here only sam- Florentine, and others too numerous to list here. plings of types and some more important Many were reproduced by Kingsborough, and a numt ‘ncluded. S lsoC S ber of tampa excellent are being published, items are inciu Jed. oce alSO Carrera among facsimiles them Codex Egerton 2895, Becker I/II, and (1335) and Alcina Franch (1357)for further the Vienna. [R.W.]

bibliography and descriptions. 1375. Codex Dresdensis Maya (R310).

1370. Antigiiedades mexicanas: publicadas Maya Handschrift: der Sachsischen por la Junta Colombina de México en el Landesbibliothek Dresden: Codex Drescuarto centenario del descubrimiento de densis. Berlin, 1962. 86 p. América. México, 1892. 2 v. Color reproduction of the most famous Maya codex,

The text volume by Alfredo Chavero describes Co- ach page printed on a separate sheet, making for dices Baranda, Colombino, Dehesa, Porfirio Diaz, ©@Sier handling, copying, and exhibit. Under separate

and the important Lienzo de Tlaxcala. The separate Over are a history and bibliography by Helmut

atlas provides color lithographs. A major publication. Deckert.

I - del Besides the Dresden, only the twoParis Maya hieroglyphic 1371. Caso, Alfonso. Interpretacion del codices have survived: or Perez (PeresianCodice Bodley 2858. Tr. de Ruth Mo- _ us) and the Madrid or Tro-Cortes (Trocortesianus). rales. México, 1960. 87 p. illus., bibl. The Akademische Druck u. Verlagsanstalt of Graz,

Color facsimile and commentary (in both Spanish and Austria, has announced future publication of the Paris English versions) to a Mixteca style historico-genea- | 22d Madrid codices. [R.W.]

logical pictorial manuscript, on deerskin, now in the 1376. Codex Dresdensis Maya (R310). continues his long-standing research program intothe “Die, Maya-Handschrift. Codex Dresinterpretation of this unique corpus of pre-Hispanic densis Her ausgegb en von Rolf Kr usche. and early post-Hispanic historical literature originat- Fr ankfurt-am-Main, 1966. 46 p. illus. ing in the Mixtec-speaking communities of western The selection shows the present condition of the Co-

Oaxaca. [H.B.Nicolson] This is a sample entry of a dex. Discoloration due to wartime damage is not

long list of publications, starting in 1949, by the dean evident in the 1962 edition.

of Mexicanists, related to pictorial Mixtec documents 1377. Codex Egerton 2895. Introd. by C. A.

and related themes. , Burland. Graz, Austria, 1965. 24 p. fac1372. Caso, Alfonso. Interpretacion del similes. (Codices selecti, phototypice Codice Selden 3135 (A.2). Interpretation impressi 7).

of the Codex Selden 3135 (A.2). México, First adequate facsimile of a handsome postcontact

1964. 100 p. illus. 32-page pictorial genealogical skin screenfold an-

Color facsimile and detailed interpretation (Spanish 0tated in Mixtec. and English) on Maxteca nestoricoge nea opie verum 1378. Codex Mexicanus, Bibliotheque Na-

screenfold in the Bodleian Library, Oxford (acquire . . _ ;

in 1659 and first published by Kingsborough in 1831). tionale de Paris, no. 23-24. Paris, 1952.

1373. Codex Aubin. Historia de la nacié 108 Plates. . >‘ odex AU inh. istorla de la n . ION Excellent facsimile of a 1571 codex containing calenmexicana. Madrid, 1962. 111 p. illus. drical, historical, and genealogical materials. An ex-

(Coleccion Chimalistac de libros y docu- _ tended commentary by Ernst Mengin is to be found in

mentos acerca de la Nueva Espafia 16). the Journal of the Société des Americanistes, v. 41,

Reproduction of the 1893 lithographs of the Codex 1952: 387-498. — —-

Aubin, one of six published pictorial chronicles tracing 1379. Codice de Yanhuitlan. Edicion en Aztectranslation history from A.D. M168 1608. A transcription facsimile y con un and from thetoNahuatl accompanies as text. . -estudio preliminar.

Translation by Charles E. Dibble. [R.W. | Ed. de Wigberto Jimenez Moreno and 1374. Codex Borgianus. Comentarios al Salvacor Mateos Higuera. México, 1940. velce a a Mariana Frank. Full explanation and reproduction of the codex. IllusEXICO, - 9 V. HIUS. trations of Indians, Spaniards, conquistadores, friars,

Aas ; , ; 88 p. illus.

One volume reproduces the Mexican codex in color, and others in the sixteenth-century Oaxaca town. the other two reissue Eduard Seler’s 1904 commen- [C.G_]

tary, itself illustrated with 890 drawings. pb 4s . . There are many Mexican codices, some pre-Colum- 1380. Codice Kingsborough. Memorial de bian, some prepared soon after the Spanish conquest. los indios de Tepetlaoztoc al monarca

128 BACKGROUND espanol contra los encomenderos del 1385. Chilam Balam books. Named for a

pueblo ... [Francisco del Paso’ y Maya prophet who lived at the end of the Troncoso, ed.| Madrid, 1912. 112 p. fifteenth and probably the beginning of

illus. the sixteenth century, several similar vol-

One of the most interesting and instructive of all six- umes contain prophecies, brief chronior parate and Claims of the Indian inhabitants of the Cl@S»_ fragmentary historical narratives. town of Tepetlaoztoc against their encomenderos, rituals, catechisms, myths, almanacs, and who were guilty of coercion, excessive taxation, and medical tr ealises, pr obably from older

other irregularities. [C.G. ] and now lost hieroglyphic manuscripts.

1381. Krusche, Rolf. Die Maya-Handschrift Sample entries for these follow: Codex Dresd ‘5:2424Lafeln. Tafeln. F kf a.—ElAjfredo libro de los libros deand Chilam Balam.México Tr. de odex Dresdensis: FrankfurtBarrera Vazquez Silvia Rend6n.

am-Main, 1966. 46 p. illus. 1948. 268 p. illus., bibl. (Biblioteca americana, Serie

Excellent color photographs of 24 of the 78 pages of de literatura indigena 8). the esthetically finest of the three surviving Lowland The introduction by Barrera Vazquez is especially Maya screenfold ritual books, plus abrief accompany- _ useful, listing and discussing the known texts: parallel ing text containing a general introduction to Maya portions are translated, Maya-Spanish. Notes indicate studies and a concise description of each page illus- other translations and related publications.

trated. b. The book of ChilamRalph Balam of Chuyamal. Tr. by L. Roys. Washington, 1933. 229 p. illus., map, . bibl. (Carnegie Institution of Washington. Publication ili. Prose and Prose/ Pictorial 438). A work of immense erudition. Maya-English trans-

1382. Alvarado Tezozomoc, Fernando. _ lation, scholarly notes, with an introduction by J. Eric

, oy, , sos ethnonistorian (Norman, a., .

Crénica mexicayotl Tr. directa del Se nompson Ravine nue ON as a pioneer Nahuatl por Adrian Leon. Mexico, 1949. c. The book of the Jaguar priest: a translation of the XXVIII, 187 Pp. illus. (Publicaciones del Book of Chilam Balam of Tizimin, with commentary

Instituto de Historia, | ser. 10). by Maud W. Makemson. N.Y., 1951. 238 p. bibl.

An indian written in Nahuatlwith Ke 1386. Chimalpahin Cuauhtlehuanitzin, . In mestizo large history, part concerned preconquest his- . , ~ sFran. tory but with valuable genealogical and other data for CISCO . San “ a Munon. Relaciones the later sixteenth century, particularly with reference originales de Ct alco Amaquemecan. Tr. to the governors of Tenochtitlan and the descendants de Silvia Rendon. Mexico, 1965. 365 p.

of Montezuma. [C.G. ] - map, bibl. (Biblioteca americana. Serie 1383. Anales de Tlatelolco, unos anales de literature indigena).

historicos de la nacién mexicana y Co- Chimalpahin’s Original Relations were written in . os _ Mexico City during the first half of the seventeenth dice de Tlatelolco. Ed. de He Inrich Ber century. Their author, an upper-class Indian from lin y Robert H. Barlow. Mexico, 1948. Chalco, collected and reworked existing local annals 128 p. illus., bibl. (Fuentes para la his- and added to them notices of events to his own time.

toria de México 2). His writings are among tne most valuable ot central

Collection of native documents of the early postcon- | Mexican sources for data on preconquest and colonial quest period, translated into Spanish. Includes annals ©Vents, toponyms, native titles, and many other sub-

of colonial events and Indian views of the conquest. jects. Of the eight known Relations of Chimalpahin,

The Cédice de Tlatelolco is a pictorial document five are here fully published in Spanish translation

relating to events of central Mexico in the mid- from the original Nahuatl. [C.G. ] .

sixteenth century. [C.G.] 1387. Cline, Howard F. The Oztoticpac 1384. Annals of the Cakchiquels. Memorial Lands Map of Texcoco, 1540. QJLC.

de Solola; Anales- 4de. los Cakchiqueles. D Vv. 3;with Apr.comparative 1966: aan 15. , serial 2 escription and analysis, materials,

Tr. y notas de A drian Recinos. Titulo de of a complicated native pictorial with extensive los SENOres de Totonicapan. Tr. ... POr glosses uniquely showing grafted fruit trees. Related Dionisio José Chonay...notas de Adrian to the Texcocan lord executed by Zuméarraga in 1539 Recinos. México, 1950. 303 p. illus., bibl. for idolatry.

(Biblioteca americana. Serie de literatura 1388. Codex Mendoza. James Cooper

indigena | 1). Clark, ed. London, 1938. 3 v. illus.

The best edition of two famous native documents from One of the most valuable pictorials, the Mendoza the Guatemala highlands, providing much information (Mendocino) contains a wealth of historical and soon Cakchiquel history, lore, and culture. [R.W.] An cioeconomic data. One part copies the earlier “‘MaEnglish version translated by Delia Goetz and Dioni- _tricula de Tributos,” detailing precontact tribute sio José Chonay also is available (Norman, Okla., provinces and their levies, discussed in detail by Bar-

1953). [M.M.] low. This version, based on photographs, supersedes

ETHNOHISTORY: MIDDLE AMERICA 129 earlier editions. Juan Bautista.” FL. t. 9, abr.-jun., 1945:

1389. Codice Sierra. Traduccion al espanol 213-241.

de. su texto y explicacién de sus an dian diary of the 1560's recording focal events in sae - snahuatl exico City and revealing the impact of Spanish colopinturas jeroglificas por Nicolas Leon. nial culture upon a native observer. [C.G. |

Mexico, 1933.71 p. illus., map. 9 , .y .

Material culture and some of the inner workings of the 1395. Historia de la nacion mexicana. Re-

Indian community of Santa Catarina Texupan (in produccion a todo color del Cédice de Oaxaca) are graphically illustrated. Mid-sixteenth 1576 (Cédice Aubin). Ed., introd., ver-

century. [C.G.] i . sién paleografica y tr. directa del nahuatl 1390. Orpus podem ed. Coven. por el Doctor Charles E. Dibble. Madrid, Mean aevi. Ens engin, ed. Copen- 1963. 111 p. illus. (Col. Chimalistac de hagen, 1942-1952. 4 v. illus. | libros y documentos acerca de la Nueva Deluxe publications, with polyglot introductions and Espana 16)

scholarly notes of major native sources. V. 1. Historia Pal Sp ye f N shuatl ‘sh ,

tolteca-chichimeca (1942); v. 2. Unos anales histéri- pictoris ; y ot Nahuat aa and Spanish translation

cos de la nacién mexicana (1945, replaces his 1939, th nea Te coe ens of Tenochtitlan, covering Berlin ed.); v. 3. Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuantzin, Do- € this iar - Lhe tirst adequate publication mingo Francisco de San Antén Mufién, Diferentes ©! “ls Important source.

historias de provincias los ne RNP 4. y 1396.v. Ixtlilxochitl, Mexico,originales y de otras |Bignonn 74] (1949); 4. rctAri ;Fernando de Alva. Obras Memorial de Tecpan-Atitlan (Solola). Anales de los reoricas. Publicacas y me vaeas go>,

Cakchiquels. Historia del antiguo reino del Cakchi- redo avero. MEXICO.

quel dicho de Guatemala (1952). 2 Ve a

1391. Crénicas indigenas de Guatemala. jy thiyochitl, written ca, 1600-1616, desl peincipally Fd. de Adrian Recinos. Guatemala, with preconquest Indian history, but they contain oc1957. 186 p. illus., bibl. (Universidad de casional data on the postconquest sixteenth century.

San Carlos de Guatemala, Editorial Uni- [©-G-]

versitaria 20). 1397. Kingsborough, Edward King, Lord.

An edited and translated collection of some small Antigiiedades de México. México, 1964. works written in Indian languages during the early 4 vy. illus. colonial period. They nde’ Quiche legends and A new edition of Kingsborough’s mammoth pioneervillage land titles. As Th slecti, edits, faut ue ing collection (Antiquities of Mexico, London, 1830-

and annotates superbly. ¢ e selection Is d dire vn by 1848. 9 v.), with introduction, preface, and cbmmencause the Indian point of view, expressed directly by tary by Antonio Ortiz Mena, Agustin YAiiez, and José Indians, is seldom heard during the colonial period in Corona Niifiez, respectively. The Mendoza, Teller-

Guatemala. [M.M. ] . iano-Remensis, Boturini, Bodley, and Selden I and I 1392. Cruz, Martin de la, ed. The Badianus codices are included. The 1830-1848 original also manuscript (Codex Barberini, Latin 241), contains important prose sources. [R.W./H.F.C. ]

Vatican Library. An Aztec herbal of 1398. Leander, Birgitta. Codice de Otlazpan 1552. Introd., tr., and notes by Emily (acompanado de un facsimile del cddice). Walcott Emmart. Baltimore, 1940. 341 México, 1967. 147 p. (Instituto Nacional

p. illus., bibl. de Antropologia e Historia. Serie Inves-

An illustrated Aztec text in Nahuatl and Latin on tigaciones 13).

plants ane que multi, One oe finest products Of Model monograph re-analyzing two 1549-1550 Napanish-Indian culture of the sixteenth century. hyatl documents, one a pictorial, with Nahuatl and Translations of the texts and abundant explanatory Spanish glosses, the other a prose listing, previously

notes. [C.G. ] published in small edition, with incompetent commen-

1393. Cuauhtemoc, Emperor of Mexico. Or- tary, by Nicolas Leén, 1902, as “Cédice Mariano denanza. Paleografia, tr. y noticia introd. Jiménez,” from a now lost original. The first document de Silvia Rendén. New Orleans, 1952. contains important socioeconomic data (tributes, etc.) AO Pp. illus. .(Tulane MiddleCity. froma The Nahuatl enclave records in Otomi-speaking areas disnorth . y. 1 University. ; of Mexico second boundary American Research Institute. Philologi- putes. The facsimile (reproducing the Le6én publicacal and documentary studies, v. 2, no. 2). _ tion) is published separately. Transcription and translation of the “Ordinance of 1399. Munoz Camargo, Diego. Historia de Cuauhtemoc” of ca. 1520, concerning the cession of Tlaxcala. 2. ed. México, 1947. 343 p. certain lands and waters to the native inhabitants of illus map

Tlatelolco. [C.G. . ner . edition. Major areronse LC G.] . First published in 1892, still the .basic 1394. Garibay Kintana, Angel M. Un cua- source on precontact and sixteenth-century ethnodro real de Ja infiltraci6n del hispanismo _ history of the area. en el alma india en el llamado “Cédice de 1400. Osuna, Mariano Téllez Girén y Beau-

130 BACKGROUND fort, 12 duque de. Cédice Osuna: repro- Deals principally with preconquest Indian history but duccion facsimilar de la obra del mismo 2!S© contains important data on Indians and Spaniards titulo, editada en Madrid, 1878. Acom- tive materials. For nonscholarly audiences there is a

Z . ; of the early sixteenth century, based on now lost na-

panada de 158 Paginas inéditas encon- free translation into English by Doris Heyden and tradas en el Archivo General de la Na- Fernando Horcasitas, The Aztecs (N.Y., 1964). [C.G.]

cion (Mexico) por Luis Chavez Orozco. 1407. Fuentes, Patricia de, ed. and tr. The

Mexico, 1947. 342 p.illus. | | conquistadors: first-person accounts of

supplementary textual documentation on the native ‘he conquest of Mexico. Preface by government of Mexico City. Codex illustrations of Howard F. Cline. N. Y., 1963. 250 p.

various aspects of sixteenth-century life centering illus., maps, bibl. . . .

upon accusations of excessive labor and tribute de- English translations of various eyewitness narratives

mands. [C.G.] of the conquests of (Juan different areas of Mesoamerica Diaz, Andrés de Tapia, Cortés, Aguilar, Anony-

1401. Popol Vuh. P opol vuh: the sacred mous Conqueror, Pedro de Alvarado, Garcia del book of the ancient Quiché Maya. English Pilar), many of which contain very important ethnoversion by Delia Goetz and Sylvanus G. _ graphic observations. A useful compilation.

Morley tr. from the. Spanish version by 1408. Hernandez, Francisco. Antigiiedades Adrian Recinos. London, 1951. 267 p. de la Nueva Espana. Tr. de Joaquin Garillus., bibl. (Civilization of the American cia Pimentel. México, 1945. 363 p.

Indian series). Spanish translation, from the Latin, of the great six-

English edition of the outstanding Guatemala highland _ teenth-century synthetic work of Hernandez. Mate-

document containing history and lore of the Quiché ‘lal on Aztec life, calendrical fiestas, the conquest, Indians, much of it probably once recorded in a pre- 4Nd Indians of the early colonial period. [C.G. ]

historic hieroglyphic codex. It is adapted from aon 1409. Landa, Diego de. Landa’s Relacion

~ . Nn S re . . 1 ’

panisn edition of the Fopor vu EXICO, de las cosas de Yucatan, a tr. ed. with [R.W.] otes by Alfredzur M.alten Tozzer. Cambridge 1402. Quellenwerke Geschichte y5 Amerikas, aufgezeichnet in den Sprachen Mass., 1941. 394 p. illus., map, bibl.

der Ein eboren 7. Berlin 1938-1 958. 7 (Papers of the Peabody Museum of

v. illus 8 " , American Archaeology and Ethnology.

Scholarly presentation and translation into German apt yatvard University 18 ). F the lead; . of major native texts on Middle America. e best edited English transiation of the leading six- ; . teenth-century source of information on the Maya of 1403. Relacion de las ceremonias y ritOS Y Yucatan. Numerous and exhaustive notes provide poblacién y gobierno de los indios de la comparative data on every aspect of Maya life deprovincia de Michoacan (1541) Repro- scribed by Landa. The detailed syllabus of the subjects

duccion ion f. ‘mil del M VI¢.: 5" de El covered cross-referenced with an acsimi c S. er This is the is eighth edition of Diego deextensive Landa’s index. RelaEscorial. José Tudela de la Orden, ed. cidén. The most famous is that of the Abbé Brasseur

Madrid, 1956. xxxiii, 296 p. illus. de Bourbourg (Paris, 1864), which provides Spanish

Photographic edition of a major source, with tran- and French verions, but the Tozzer edition is far

script of text, notes, and indexes, with a study by Paul more valuable to scholars. [R.W. ]

Kirchhoff, vocabulary by Jose Corona Nunez. 1410. Mendieta, Gerénimo de. Historia 1404. Tecpan de Santiago Tlatelolco(1576~ —_—_eclesistica indiana. 2. ed. México, 1945.

1581), Codice del. Justino Fernandez, Ay.

ed. JH. v. 1, abr., 1939: 243-264. illus. Important Franciscan sixteentn-century source on

.;.

Unique document in the form of a running dialogue ethnohistory, suppressed by the Order and first pubbetween the directors and laborers in the construction Jished in the nineteenth century. Nearly all of Men-

of the community house of Tlatelolco. [C.G. | dieta (in edited version) was included in Torquemada.

i See important study of Mendieta by Phelan.

c. Sources in the European Tradition 1411. Motolinia, Toribio. History of the 1405. Beaumont, Pablo. Cronica de Micho- Indians of New Spain. Tr. and annotated

acan. Mexico, 1932. 3 v. illus., maps. with a biobibliographical study of the (Publicaciones del Archivo General de author, by Francis Borgia Steck. Wash-

la Nacion 17-19). ington, 1951. 358 p. illus. (Academy of

1406. Duran, Diego. Historia de las Indias ‘American F SD History. Docu-

de Nueva-Espaiia y islas de Tierra Firme. mentary series 1). |

Méxi 1867-1880. d atlWIUS., mT A Related basic sixteenth-century history by a Franciscan. ! €Xx1co, .2 V. and2?atlas. are drafts, memoriales, published in Mexico,

bibl. 1907. This is a translation of the Barcelona (1914) edi-

ETHNOHISTORY: MIDDLE AMERICA 131 tion. , wick, N. J., 1963. 328 p. illus., maps. 1412. Nicolau d’Olwer, Luis, ed. Cronistas English translation of a well-known and very impor: , tant work on Indian society and Indian-Spanish relade las culturas precolombinas: antologia. tions, written mid-sixteenth century. [C.G. ]

Mexico, 1963. 756 p. maps. (Biblioteca

americana. Serie de cronistas de Indias). d. Topical Studies

Despite the title, the selections are from Spanish ,

writers: Oviedo, Diaz del Castillo, Cortés, Motolinia, 1417. Fernandez de Recas, Guillermo S., ed.

Sanaguns wanda,de marcos de Niza. and eetezothers. cc nas, BiobiblioCacicazgos vm y nobilario ello, Relacién Michoacan, sos indigena de la sapien a al nueva isp, México, 1961, 251 P

1413. Paso y Troncoso, Francisco del, ed. Instituto Bibliografico Mexicano 5).

Papeles de Nueva Espana. Madrid, Documents and genealogies of Indian caciques and

1905-1948. 9 v. illus. their estates in various parts of Mexico. [C.G. ]

A series of importance for sixteenth-century ethno- 1418. Lenz, Hans. Mexican Indian paper: its

history central and southernsurvey Mexico. Includes the hi ‘val. Méxj 1961. 280 Suma deinvisitas (a geographical of the mid- story andd survival. Mexico,

sixteenth century), and the relaciones geograficas of p. illus.

a number of communities as of ca. 1570 and 1579- English translation of major work on the native paper

1585. [C.G.] of Mesoamerica, which appeared in its original Span-

; ‘ ish edition in 1950. Contains important data on the

1414. Sahagun, Ber nardino de, Fray. Gen- manufacture and use of paper at contact, derived from eral history of the things of New Spain. various primary documentary sources, plus analyses

Florentine codex, tr. from the Aztec of many surviving specimens of native tradition picinto English by Arthur J. O. Anderson ‘ral documents on paper.

and Charles E. Dibble. Santa Fe, 1950-. 1419. Marti, Samuel, and Gertrude P. illus. (Monographs of the School of Kurath. Dances of Anahuac: the chore-

American Research 14). Ography and music of precortesian

Sahagun was the outstanding colonial ethnographer dances. Chicago, 1964. 251 p. illus., bibl. of Aztec culture. From 1555 to his death in 1590, he (Viking Fund publications in anthropolwrote numerous works and prepared various drafts 38) 39). ; of his major one, The general history. In 12 books, it OBy contained a Spanish text, a parallel but divergent Wide-ranging, well-illustrated survey of dance and Ndhautl version, and about 1,850 drawings; the ritual in pre-Hispanic Mesoamerica, utilizing a wide Florentine Codex is the only surviving version. The Variety of archaeological, documentary, and native above is an English translation of the native text; the pictorial sources. [H.B. Nicolson]

Spanish text is unpublished, but from a parallel manu- 1430, Seler, Eduard. Gesammelte Abhand-

script in Madrid and its copies the toSpanish A ‘kanisch hd several times reproduced. An introduction the ungenhas zurbeen Ameri| anise en Sprac S - un

many historiographical and bibliographical problems Altertumskunde. Berlin, 1902—. 5 v. illus. of the Sahagun writings, basic to study of post- and illus.

precontact ethnohistory, is provided by Luis Nicolau Seler was the greatest Maya-Mexicanist scholar at the d’Olwer, Fray Bernardino de Sahagun (1499-1590) turn of the century. This collection represents part of

(Mexico, 1952). the enormous corpus of specialized publications re-

. Iting from his studies ofveinte art, architecture, mythology 1415. Juan de. Los y eit ; ade : . °Torquemada, , . religion, and other aspects of ancient Mesoamerican un libros rituales y Monarchia Yndiana culture. He is best known for his masterful, if highly con el origen y guerras de los Yndios speculative, commentaries on the native codices, esOccidentales. De sus poblaciones, de- pecially their iconographic and mathematical-calendri- . 2 cal content. Most of these ‘Collected Works’ were scubrimiento, conquista, conversion Y translated into English and issued in a limited mimeootras cosas maravillosas . . . Madrid, graphed edition by Peabody Museum of Archaeology

1615.3 v. and Ethnology, Harvard University, and Carnegie 1612, heavily utilizing native sources and unpublished ° . chronicles by other missionaries, especially Mendieta, 1421. Warren, Fintan B. . LJ. Benedict]. Massive and indispensable history, written 1604- Institution of Washington (1939). [R.W.]

written to show Indian monarchies and cultures Vasco de Quiroga and his pueblo-hospiequaled contemporary European societies. A major tals of Santa Fe. Washington, 1963. 133 source. Various subsequent editions (1723, 1945). p. illus., bibl. (Academy of American 1416..Zurita, de. scholarly Life and laborstudy in prt ranciscan Fiistory. Monograph series ?). A: : Alonso e most to date of the establishmen ancient Mexico: the brief and summary of the two Indian communities of Santa Fe by Vasco relation of the lor ds of New Spain. Tr. de Quiroga. Supports the dependence or partial depenand ed. by Benjamin Keen. New Bruns-_ dence of Vasco de Quiroga on More’s Utopia. Full

132 BACKGROUND documentation. modern religion of most of the Mayance speakers, with chief emphasis on the deities — based on archae-

ological data, relevant information in the codices,

e. Maya Area documentary SOUICES, and modern ethnographies. An i. Bibliographies and Sources important contribution.

1422. Edmunson, Munro S. Historia de las arne -alne\ ronttake i D ist Dution and tierras altas Mayas, segun los documen- Sloe of the hi hlan “ of Chiar oe f om

tos indigenas. In Evon Z. Vogt and earliest. times a the vesent Ch:

Alberto Ruz L., eds., Desarrollo cul- ; | . P SA ICAEO.

tural de los Mayas. 1964. p. _. summary, Mlmeco. I Vv. Various Pagings.and other . . , .*México, Ethnohistorical based on archival

225-278. (Universidad Nacional Aut6- = jnformation. noma de Seminario de Cultur . ; of Ebtun. - eeMéxico. ; tura 1428. Ebtun, Mexico. The titles

Maya.listing Publicaci6n especial). Washi 1939. Important and discussion of sourcesBy and Raloh their y a LR pr . OYs. as ington, interrelationships for Highland Guatemala. 472 p. illus. (Carnegie Institution of

; Washington. Publication 505).

103. Roys, awe - Liter ary SOUICES for the The “Introduction” contains valuable data and sugistory O Mayapan. In H.E.D. Pollock, gestions on land tenure, land settlement, local govern-

et al., Mayapan, Yucatan, México. ment, and other aspects of ancient Maya life, and on

Washington, 1962. p. 24-86. (Carnegie _ the early colonial period in Yucatan.

etn of Washington. Publication 44 9. Miles, Sue W. Summary of preconae . . . quest ethnology of the GuatemalaListing and analysis of native and Spanish documenta- Chi highland d Pacific sl

tion on pre-Spanish history of this principal Maya site. lapas higniands an acific slopes. In

A major contribution. Robert Wauchope, ed., Handbook of 1424. Thompson, J. Eric S. Maya hiero- ne ae Sa Indians. Austin, 1967.

glyphic writing: introduction. Washing- er > P. a er ton. 1950. 347 illus.. bibl. (Carnegie Excellent synthesis, from documentary and linguistic yaa p. Wius., Wes sources. Indicates little is really known as yet.

Institution of Washington. Publication

589). 1430. Morley, Sylvanus G., and George W.

The best, most authoritative, and most complete work Brainerd. The ancient Maya. 3. ed. on this subject, by the foremost living Mayanist. It Stanford, 1956. 494 p. illus., maps, bibl.

. pretative

also provides a useful summary of Maya civilization The third or later editions are preferred. Morley’s and history. The wording is not too technical for a original book, although it contained a wealth of inforbeginner in the subject, yet it enables him to progress mation on the Maya, took a narrow viewpoint of them

farther than most Mayanists ever manage to do. _ relative to the rest of Mesoamerica and was out of

[R.W. ] date by the time it was published. Brainerd corrected many of these shortcomings. The book ts useful mainly

1425. Tozzer, Alfred M. A Maya grammar. for factual rather than theoretical or inter i Cambridge, Mass., 1921. 301 p. bibl. content. [R.W.]

(Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology. 1431. Roys, Ralph L. The Indian backHarvard University 9). ground of colonial Yucatan. Washington,

Part 3, comprising almost half of this book, is an 1943. 244 p. illus., maps, bibl. (Carnegie appraisal of works relating to the Maya language, but Institution of Washington. Publication

these include most of the early sources important to 548). students. There is a section on bibliographies, an The first half of this book is an ethnography of the etymology of proper names, and appraisals of sources, — yycatec Maya at the time of Spanish contact, valuable such as the Books of C hilam Balam, prophecies, medi- to the student of archaeology for understanding Maya

cal Pooks: the cateeysm: aye yecunat and other ited culture during the Protohistoric period. The second

here he _ 6 cet : a eenble d ne seb ok half treats of the cacique system and is more special-

hat would ‘ Id Gebe a th ‘Ul or to rare a whe; e RW OOK, A lengthy appendix is onexample a 1557 land that difficult find elsewhere. [R.W. ized. ] Mani, the earliest authentic of thetreaty Mayaof

ii. Studies and ; y 1432. Roys, RalphSyntheses L. Lowland Maya native language written in European script. [R.W.] |

1426. Anders, Ferdinand. Das Pantheon der society at Spanish contact. /z Robert Maya. Graz, 1963. 433 p. illus., maps, Wauchope, ed., Handbook of Middle

bibl. American Indians. v. 3, p. 659-678.

Detailed description and analysis of pre-Hispanic and Drawing heavily on his own previously published

ETHNOHISTORY: MIDDLE AMERICA 133 work and his unrivaled knowledge of the ethnohistori- 1438. Carrasco Pizana, Pedro. Los Otomies.

a theaa author provides an authoritative major Méxic 0, 1950. 255 D. illus., maps, bibl.

v (Publicaciones del Instituto de Historia,

1433. Roys, Ralph L. The political ge- 1 ser. 15)

ogr aphy of the Yucatan Maya. Wash- Prehispanic culture and history of the Otomi-speaking ington, 1957. 187 p. maps, bibl. (Carnegie peoples, with exhaustive quoting of sources. The Institution of Washington. Publication bibliography is of especial value to the historian.

613). [R.W.]

The first chapter is a concise and useful summary of 1439. Caso. Alfonso. The Aztecs: people of native social and political organization at the time of ° , ° ° Spanish contact. The following detailed data on Yuca- the sun. Lowell Dunham, tr. Norman, tan provinces and towns are the result of the author’s Okla., 1958. 125 p. illus. (Civilization of

profound scholarship, unequaled in this particular . : :

subject. An invaluable source of information for both wine American Indian Mi 5 0). bi anthropologists and historians. [R.W. ] ith fine color illustrations by Miguel Covarrubias,

this is a concise and nontechnical summary of Aztec

1434. Scholes, France V., et al. The Maya religion by a leading authority. It is translated from E/ Chontal Indians .of Acalan-Tixchel. ?4@2!0 del sol(Meéxico, 1953). [R.W.]

Washington, 1948. 565 p. illus., maps, 1440. Chapman, Anne M. La guerra de los bibl. (Carnegie Institution of Washing- Aztecas contra los Tepanecas: raices y

ton. Publication 560). consecuencias. AAnt. época 2. v. 1,

New documentary materials discovered in the Ar- no. 4, 1959. chive Sonera de mndlas ad seve mace possive ms From pictorial sources and chronicles reconstructs ti ne oF the Soanish y an ts ad ei t am an S the early Aztec history to 1433, with emphasis on the war ‘sh colon: i" m.{R wil » ane OF its role In opan- (1427-1433), relating it to social structure and other

1 las. | IN. WW. aspects of culture.

1435. Spranz, Bodo. Gottergestalten in den 1441. Ekholm, Gordon, and Ignacio Bernal,

mexikanischen Bilderhandschriften der eds. Archeology of Central Mexico. In Codex B te gia Gruppe; eime tonogrape Robert Wauchope, ed., Handbook of sene Untersuchung. Wiesbaden, 170%. Middle American Indians. v. 10. 435 p. illus. (Acta Humboldtiana. Series Several important articles on ethnohistory include

geographica et ethnographica 4). Charles E. Dibble, “Wmniting in Central Mexico”;

Detailed comparisons of deity representations in the Pedro Carrasco, Social organization of ancient

five most important members of the ‘“‘Codex Borgia Mexico’ ; Charles Gibson, “Structure of the Aztec

Group,” aided by drawings of iconographic details. pire”; Wigberto Jimenez Moreno and Pedro CaA useful contribution. rrasco, ‘“‘Native history of Central Mexico”; Guy Stresser-Péan, “Ancient sources of material on 1436. Thompson, J. Eric S. The rise and fall Huasteca”; and Herbert R. Harvey, “Ethnohistory

of Maya civilization. Norman, Okla., of Guerrero,” each with bibliographical references.

1954. 287 p. illus., map, bibl. (Civiliza- 1442. Gibson, Charles. The Aztecs under

rone of the American series). of dat Spanish a history of Indians best generalIndian summary Maya rule: prehistory tothe date, . _of_

written in nontechnical and very readable style. It the Valley of Mexico, 1519 1810. Stan describes the sites, architecture, art, pottery, and ford, 1964. 657 p. illus., maps, bibl.

other features of each major period, plus special chap- Traces the history of Aztec peoples following the ters on Maya intellectual and artistic achievements, conquest with reference to the institutions imposed by

and religion. [R.W. ] Spaniards and the changes that these introduced into

Indian life. Chapters on religious, political, economic,

. and social subjects, and a chapter on Indians in Mexf. Central Mexico ico City. By far the most important single modern ethnohistorical treatment of Mexico, already a classic.

1437. Barlow, Robert H. The extent of the [H.F.c.]

empire of :the Culhua Mexica. Berkeley, . , ; , 1443. Gibson, Charles. 1949. 141 p. map, bibl. (Ibero-Americana , Tlaxcala in the six8) P P teenth century. New Haven, 1952. 300

The towns and provinces subject to the so-called Az- Pp . illus., maps, bibl. (Yale historical pub-

tecs of the Valley of Mexico in 1519, with useful lications. Miscellany 56).

remarks on their inhabitants, languages, and the tri- Examines the influence of Spanish imperialism on the bute they paid. Information derived largely from the native society of the province of Tlaxcala in the six-

**Matricula de tributos.”’ [R.W. ] teenth century. Identifies a period of cultural stimula-

134 BACKGROUND tion in the mid-century followed by conflict, intrusion, with an ethnohistorical map, showing the area ca. and decline in the years preceding 1600. [C.G. ] 1520-1540. Part II was not published.

1444. Gillmor, Frances. The king danced in 1450. Martinez Rios, Jorge. Bibliografia an-

the marketplace. Illus. by Carolyn Huff tropologica y sociolégica del Estado de Kinsey. Tucson, 1964. 271 p. illus., map, Oaxaca. México, 1961. 154 p.

bibl. Very useful bibliographic guide, which includes a

Biography of the greatest of the Tenochca rulers section on early native linguistic sources and another Motecuhzoma I (1440-1469). A rare combination of on native tradition pictorials (codices).

discriminating scholarship and evocative, sensitive 1451, Martinez Rios, Jorge. Los estudios

writing, Capturing, with unusual success, the essential , a

Geist of late pre-Hispanic Central Mexican native etnograficos, etnologicos y de antroculture. pologia aplicada en el Estado de Oaxaca.

1445. Leén-Portilla, Miguel. Aztec thought RMS. v. 23, enero-abr., 1961: 91-132.

d It tud f th . N A bibliographical presentation of the current state of

and cu ure. a stuay of the ancient a- Oaxacan anthropological research, summed up in an huatl mind. Tr. by Jack E. Davis. Nor- ample introductory essay.

man, Okla., 1963. 241 p. illus. (Civiliza- . A work published in {959. Through use of codices . and native texts, the author reconstructs Aztec cos- 1452. Beals, Ralph L. The comparative tion of the American Indian series 67). il. Studies

mology, theology, metaphysics, and views of man and ethnology of northern Mexico before

nature. An important study. 1750. Berkeley, 1932. 225 p. maps. 1446. Padden, R. C. The hummingbird and (Ibero-Americana 2). the hawk: conquest and sovereignty in Pioneering monograph, still of considerable value.

the Valley of Mexico, 1503-1541. Co- 1453. Brand, Donald D. Western Mexico: lumbus, 1967. 319 p. illus., maps, bibl. general ethnohistoric synthesis. In GorInteresting andcultural important,conflict if controversial, study native of don Ekholm and Ignacio transition; between and Euro. Bernal, Ar-

pean views of sovereignty. Based on published native cheology of Central Mexico. _

and Spanish sources. Important major synthesis by a well-known specialist. 1447. Soustelle, Jacques. The daily life of 1454. Brand, Donald D., et al. Coalcoman the Aztecs on the eve of the Spanish con- and Motines del Oro: an ex-distrito of quest. London, 1961. 319 p. illus., maps. Michoacan, Mexico. The Hague, 1960. First published in French, this is an account of Aztec 403 p. illus. sociopolitical structure, cosmology, and daily life in Native culture changes since conquest, heavily utilizthe early sixteenth century, as gleaned from documen- ing relaciones geograficas and other documents. tary sources. [R.W. |

. Vaillant, ; 1455. Cline, Howard F. Problems ofaMexi1448. George C. Aztecs of Mexico. /. Rev. bv Suzannah B. Vaillant. Garden can ethno-history: the ancient Chinantla, ev. OY a a case study. HAHR. v. 37, Aug., 1957: City, N. Y., 1962. 312 p. illus., map, 173-295

bibl. Views the example of the Chinantla as illustrative of

About one-third of the book describes the Preclassic the peculiar problems of Mexican ethnohistory. Analand Classic cultures of Mexico, the Toltecs, andthe —_ ysis and assessment of sources, including unpublished Toltec-Chichimec period. The remainder is a detailed texts and maps. One of a number of publications by

account of all aspects of Aztec culture. [R.W. | the same author on Chinantec topics. [C.G.]

1456. Dahlgren de Jordan, Barbro. La mix-

g. Other Regions of Mexico teca: su cultura e historia prehispanicas.

- DL: México, 1966. 350 p. illus.

1. Bibliographies and Sources Reprint of the 1954 edition. Based on numerous writ1449. Brand. Donald D. An historical sketch [" Sources, a very competent reconstruction of an

? ° . important native area of°geography and anthropology in thein

Oaxaca.

Tarascan region. Part I. NMA. v. 6-7, 1457. Di Peso, Charles. Archeology and

Apr.-June, 1943: 37-108. Also issued ethnohistory of the northern Sierra.

separately, 1944. In Robert Wauchope, ed., Handbook of

An important bibliographical discussion of sources, Middle American Indians. v. 4, p. 3-25.

ETHNOHISTORY: MIDDLE AMERICA 135

. oy. 7.

Area includes N.W. Chihuahua, N.E. Chihuahua, and 1464. Scholes, France V., and Dave Warren.

S. Arizona and New Mexico. Most evidence is ar- The Olmec region at Spanish contact. In

chaeological. Di Peso reporting forlittle Spanish contact h d..mandaddook HandbookoO of period (A.D. 1660-1684) says area “‘is known,” ober Robert aucnope,W ¢€d., true also of his ‘‘Apache Period” (post- 1684). yey American Indians. v. 3, p. 7761458. Eguilaz de Prado, Isabel. Los indios The area is defined as southern Veracruz, Tuxtepec del nordeste de Méjico en el siglo xvii. district of Oaxaca, and western Tabasco, bordering Sevilla, 1965. 131 p. maps. (Publica- Maya areas. An important pioneering summary of ciones del Seminario de Antropologia ¢°cumentary information.

Americana. Ethnohistoria del norte de 1465. Spores, Ronald. The Mixtec kings and

Méjico 2). their people. Norman, Okla., 1967. 269

Useful survey of the ethnohistory, ethnography, eth- p. illus., maps, bibl. (Civilization of the nogeography, and demography of the eastern portion American Indian series 85). of ine. Gran i pichimeca, | the area or margina the This scholarly volume deals mainly with sixteenthcu thor Mos unting-gathering peoples just (0 te century Mixtec culture history. It is introduced by an

north of Mesoamerica. overview of “Mixtec Culture on the Eve of the Span-

ish Conquest” (chap. 1), and aptly delineates the still

1459. Forbes, Jack D. ac aoe OG 0 aho and inadequately known ethnohistory of the Mixteca Alta.

Spaniard. Norman, d., . P- Based on manuscript and native pictorial docu-

Mu illus.., bibl. AnSpain, important contribution. ajor ethnohistorical study;ofments. northern New 1535-1698, based on primary documents, large bibli- 1466. Spores, Ronald. The Zapotec and ography. A model study. Mixtec at Spanish contact. Jn Robert

, Wauchope, ed., Handbook of Middle

a No CeeZatad ee oe "2 _ American Indians. v. 3, p. 962-986. indigena Ae . atzcuaro €n 1a Based primarily on data in the relaciones geograficas epoca virreinal. Mexico, 1965. 389 p. and MSS, this is an important pioneering summary by illus. (Serie de historia novohispana 20). anexcellent young scholar. Largely concerned with the Tarascan nobility in post-

contact times (plus considerable discussion of the pat- h. Central America terns of Indian nobility in colonial New Spain gen- ae ; erally); considerable attention is devoted to the late i. Bibliographies and Sources

pre-Hispanic and conquest period background, largely —

derived from primary sources with particular reliance 1467. Ewald, Robert H. Bibliografia com-

on various unpublished documents. A significant con- , . _ tribution to West Mexican ethnohistory. entada sobre antropologia social Guate

—_ } malteca, 1900-1955. Guatemala, 1956.

1461. Martinez Rios, Jorge. Los estudios 132 p.

linguisticos en el Estado de Oaxaca, Mé- Goes beyond title, with annotated entries on particuxico. RMS. v. 23, set.-dic., 1961: 933— lar municipios and topics. A valuable tool.

71. , 1468. Lines, Jorge A., Edwin M. Shook, and

A survey of theoflanguages of Oaxaca, their classifica. h logical bibli tion, and the history their study since colonial times. Michael D. Coe. Anthropological bibli-

A very comprehensive bibliography is appended. ography of ... San José, 1965-1967. (W.B.] (Tropical Science Center, Occasional pa-

1462. John,general ed. Ancientrubric Oaxaca:the u Pere .). | rubric the bibl nical P . . Paddock, . nder the bibliographical Papers vscoveries af yan are reology and are 2, Panama (1965): 3, Nicaragua (1965); 4, El Sal-

istory. Stanford, | . Pp. WUS., ~ vador (1965): 5, Honduras (1966): 6, Guatemala-

Map. British Honduras (1967); and 7, Costa Rica(1967). Collection of important pioneering summaries by specialists on a variety of themes for this complicated and ii. Studies

still relatively unknown area. Lavishly illustrated. :

1463. Sauer, Carl O. Colima of New Spain 1469. Chapman, Anne M. Los Nicarao y in the sixteenth century. Berkeley, 1948. los Chorotega segun las fuentes histo104 p. illus., map, bibl.(Ibero-Americana _—‘Ticas. San Jose, 1960. 115 p. map. (Pu-

79), bliciones de la Universidad de Costa

About half of this book treats of the conquest of Co- Rica. Serie historia y geografia 4).

lima and provides information on the Indian pueblos. The author has provided, based on her doctoral thesis, The remainder describes the aboriginal provinces, an authoritative and helpful summary, well illustrated, their population, and their culture as derived from and with excellent bibliography. At the beginning she

early documentary sources. [R.W.] notes that Cultura e historia prehispana del Istmo de

136 BACKGROUND largely a plagiarized version of her thesis. . . 1476. O’Leary, Timothy J. Ethnographic

Rivas (Managua, 1960) by Rafael Urtecho Sdéenz is from 1960 to 1967 in HLAS. v. 29: 200-213.

1470. Stone, Doris Z. Synthesis of lower bibliography of South America. New Central American ethnohistory. Jn Rob- Haven, 1963. 387 p. maps. (Behavior sciert Wauchope, ed., Handbook of Middle ence bibliographies).

American Indians. v. 4, p. 209-233. An immense compilation of over 24,000 bibliographic

Based on documentary sources from 1502 throughthe _ entries, including articles taken from some 65 serials.

seventeenth century, this is the single best coverage The most complete coverage is of ethnography and available of its topic, written by an outstanding au- social anthropology, but related items in archaeology,

thority. physical anthropology, linguistics, sociology, and other | . social sciences are also included, as well as ethno1471. Stone, Doris Z. The Talamancan anything. This volume will be helpful to any South tribes of Costa Rica. Cambridge, Mass., Americanist.

1962. 108 p. (Papers of the Peabody Mu- .

seum of American Archaeology and Eth- H. Studies and Syntheses nology. Harvard University 43). 1477. Edwards, Clinton R. Aboriginal water-

thnohistorical i ion. .

Pioneering study, summarizing archaeological and craft on the Pacific coast of South Amer-

ethnohistorical information ica. Berkeley, 1965. 160 p. illus., maps.

.AIi..

1472. Wauchope, Robert. Las edades de (Ibero Americana 47).

Utatlan e Iximché. AHG. v. 1, 1949: A thorough study of the various kinds of floats, ca-

10-22 noes, and rafts reported at the time of the European

f ., hronicl blis , invasion, those used in colonial times and those still time sequences. sis, backed by contemporary ethnological information. Use of native chronicles to establish archaeological in use today. A good example of ethnohistorical analy[J.V.M.]

4. South America (Except Inca Empire) 1478. Steward, Julian H., and Louis C.

a. General Faron. Native peoples of South Amer-

- Dy: ; ica. N. Y., 1959. 481 p. illus., maps, bibl. 1. Bibhographies and Sources The emphasis is ethnological, rather than ethnohis-

> torical, but this is probably the best single introductory

1473. Jiménez de la Espada, Marcos. Rela- volume ona vast subject. The archaeology is now out-

ciones geograficas de Indias, Pert. dated, and several important groups were omitted.

Edicion y estudio preliminar por Jose b. Circum-Caribbean Areas

Urbano Martinez Carreras. Madrid, Bibl hj ds 1965. 3 v. bibl. (Biblioteca de autores fe SPDMOBT APES an SOUPCES

espanoles 183-185). 1479. Aguado, Pedro de. Recopilacién his-

Reedition, with good introduction, of basic texts pub- torial con introd., notas y comentarios

lished; (Madrid, 1881~1897. 4 v.). Especially useful1956-1957. for d , oats e, PJuan Friede. Bogota, 4 v. ethnohistory. Complemented 1474. wasde .. :Colom* . (Biblioteca deby la Item Presidencia

1474. Latorre, German, ed. Relaciones bia 31-34).

geograficas de Indias... Colombia, Vene- A definitive edition of an important chronicle written zuela, Puerto Rico, Republica Argentina. during the years 1562-1575 when the author, a FranSevilla, 1919. 153 p. maps.(Publicaciones _ pilation of the histories of regions and towns in New del Centro Oficial de Estudios Ameri- Granada in the period 1525-1568, their government, . . “14: . and their society, including detailed descriptions of canistas de Sevilla. Biblioteca colonial Indian life. A basic source because of the author’s

. . : ciscan, was a missionary in New Granada. A com-

americana 3). proximity to events and personal contact with con-

See also Item 1473. querors and settlers. For a historiographical study of the work see Orlando Fals-Borda, Odyssey of a six-

1475. Murra, John V. Current research and teenth-century document—Fray Pedro de Aguado’s

prospects in Andean ethnohistory. ‘Recopilacion historial,’ HAHR, v. 35, May, 1955:

LARR. v. 5, Spring, 1970: 3-36. 203-220. [J-L.]

A basic contribution which provides history of re- 1480. Castellvi, Marcelino de. Censo insearch, plan for comparative cooperative investiga- ee . tions, and an essential bibliography, by one of the dolinguistico de Colombia. ACA. v. 16, pioneers of the recent school of social scientists un- 1962. 278 p. bibl. dertaking Andean ethnohistorical research. See also. A massive compilation of bibliographic data on Cothe author’s review of the bibliography of his subject lombian Indians, classified by major linguistic family,

ETHNOHISTORY: SOUTH AMERICA 137 subgroup, and dialect within each Colombian depart- portance of regional papers for the study of kinship, ment. The geographic boundaries and bibliographic _ inheritance, lineages, matrilineality and ethnic leaderreferences on each speaking group or tribe are given. ship. An important step forward in Chibcha studies.

Useful. [J.V.M. ]

1481. Fuchs, Helmuth. Bibliografia basica 1486. Duque Gémez, Luis. Los Quimbayas:

de etnologia de Venezuela. Sevilla, 1964. resefia etnohistorica y arqueologica. In 251 p. (Publicaciones del Seminario de Duque Gémez, Luis, Juan Friede, and Antropologia Americana 5). Jaime Jaramillo Uribe. Historia de

The coverage, by the in author, through . . 1963 . p. 81960, unannotated includes 2,413 references on ethnology the Pereira. Pereira,. Colombia, broadest sense. A detailed index makes the materials 174. illus.

very accessible. Good summary of ethnohistorical and archaeological

‘ : ‘1... data on Quimbayas with good illustrations. Unfor-

1482. Gumilla, Josep h. El Orinoco lus tunately, some newer references for northern South trado y defendido. Caracas, 1963. clii, America are neither used in the text nor provided in 519 p. (Biblioteca de la Academia Na- | the bibliography.

cional de la Historia 68). ,

A distinguished treatise, first published in Madrid, 1487. Fals-Borda, Orlando. Indian congre1741, by a Spanish Jesuit missionary (1687-1750) gations in the New Kingdom of Granada: who worked in the region of the upper Orinoco. [m- land tenure aspects, 1595-1850. TA. v. portant not sodata much asearly a historical chronicle for 31957: A 331-351. its contemporary on the eighteenth-century I. ,no.but 4, Apr., geography, ethnology, and natural history of the re- An important study of Indian land tenure and the

gion dominated by the great river. [J.L.] application of Spanish policy thereto in the provinces ; ; ; _. of Tunja and Villa de Leiva. Valuable for its method1483. Rivero, Juan. Historia de las misiones _ ology, as well as for its original data and interpreta-

de los llanos de Casanare y los rios _ tion. [J.L.] Orinoco y Meta. Bogota, 1956. 453 P. 1488. Friede, Juan. El indio en lucha por la

(Biblioteca de la Presidencia de Colom- ; pena

bia 23). tierra: historia de los resguardos del

A classic work, first published in 1746, which is more macizo central colombiane. Bogota, than a history of the Jesuit missions among In- 1944, 210 p. map.: (Instituto Indigenista ians of the llanos — , for itthe contains valu::

able data on the exploitation of Indians by enco- S de Colom bia. Publicaciones), . ,

menderos and officials, as well as on ethnography and vn yo i" nial oye way 'L Colombia in the colonial environment, drawn from the author’s own experience and postcolonial periods. [J.L. ]

as a Jesuit missionary in the area. [J.L.] 1489. Friede, Juan. Problemas sociales de

. los Aruacas, Bogota, 1963. 107 p.

li. Studies The Aruac should not be confused with the Arawak - linguistic family. They live in Sierra Nevada de Santa 1484. Brito Figueroa, Federico. Poblacién y Marta, having once occupied much vaster territories. economia en el pasado indigena vene- Friede relates their present-day life under pressure of zolano. Caracas. 1962. 48 p. maps bibl. Colombian colonists to earlier patterns and events, From a survey of sixteenth-century sources, suggests demonstrating considerable continuity. [J.V.M.]

that pre-Columbian population of Venezuela was ° . : higher than usual estimates, particularly in the north- 1490. Friede, Juan. Los quimbayas bajo la

western region, inhabited by settled agriculturists. The dominaciOén espanola: estudio docusame sources suggest revisions in prevailing conclu- mental, 1539-1810. Bogota, 1963. 280 p. sions about the importance of slaves in the economy, TI the nature of political authority, and the forms of mar- 1Us., Maps. ; .

riage. [J.V.M.] A historical study ofishthe Quimbaya tribe under Spanrule in New Granada, its demographic decline, 1485. Broadbent, Sylvia M. Los Chibchas: life and economy, relations with the Spaniards, and . - . iti B , uprisings (1542, 1557). Factually useful (in spite of organizacion SOCIO-pO itica. ogota, imprecise references to archival material), it is analyt1964. 131 p. bibl. (Universidad Nacional _ ically weak, and at times tendentious. [J.L.] Includes de Colombia. Facultad de Sociologia three important visita documents (1559-1585), pro-

‘e Lat; . ) ‘ viding5).demographic data.aThe Quimbayas disappeared Serie atinoamericana as a group within century of contact.

Analyzes unsolved problems in the study of Chibcha

institutions, still sumereus: since fewevidence new Chronic’es 1491. Leeds, ave become available. New has been foun .Anthony. Some problems of in regional and local archives. The last 48 pages re- Yarur 0 ethnohistory. I n Congreso Interproduce extracts from such sources, confirming im- nacional de Americanistas, xxxv, Meé-

138 BACKGROUND xico, 1962. Actas y memorias. México, A step-by-step history and an analysis at the institu-

. ; tional level factors in the disintegra1964. v. 2. p._157-175. illus.,ofbibl. Dene eh break ke Picupheand none Ae ee

Finding discrepancies between his own field observa- throuch oh e conan ost tran sitional. and colo nial « 2

tions and ethnographic data published by Petrullo in ‘od 8 dj ; me , d bi h P f 1939, the author turned to other ethnographic mate- rods, ending with a summary describing how some Oo rials on the same tribe and to a great number of his- the Hispanic imstitutions wencomienda, rep hala alee

torical sources, including the Seville archives, for haciend’a, etc.) {00k ifferent forms in other Latin

solutions. In this article, he brings preliminary evi- S

dence to bear on one discrepancy, that the Yaruro are 1497. Jara, Alvaro. El salario de los Indios

horticultural rather than marginal (lacking horticul- | del la T de S

ture) as has been maintained by Julian Steward in the y OS Sesmos Get O10 efi ta 1 dsa Ge Sail Handbook of South American Indians, and others, for tillan. Santiago de Chile, 1961. 120 p. many years. Animportant use of historical documents; (Estudios de historia econémica ameri-

valuable to researchers of theyarea; extensive .., ography. cana. Trabajo salario en elbibliperiodo

. . colonial 3).

1492. McCorkle, Thomas. Fajardo’s people: Pioneering monograph by a well-trained young specultural adjustment in Venezuela, and the _ cialist that elucidates a difficult technical question in little community in Latin American and re cistorye of Indian labororinpayments the sixteenth century — Chilean sesmos to Indians in return North American contexts. Los Angeles, for encomienda labor. Also treats of Indian commu1965. 164 p. maps, bibl. (Latin American _ nity property and the failure of Hernando de Santillan,

studies 1). royal official, to improve Indian working conditions

A historical and sociocultural study of the Guayqueri '" 80ld-mining areas. [J.L.]

Indians (formerly Cariban speaking) living on Mar- 1498. Meza Villalobos. Néstor. Politica ingarita Island just off the northeastern coast of Vene- . ran ° . zuela, based on seven months of field work in 1952- diana en los origenes de la sociedad

1953 and a considerable amount of documentary re- chilena. Santiago de Chile, 1951. 109 p.

search. A basic study of theory v. actuality, based on manu-

. script sources, indicating a deviant form of enco-

ia. N.Y., 1 . 231 p. illus., maps. (An- , . ae

ae Nw oe oerarde. “oom mienda and other [ndian institutions in Chile.

cient peoples and lace 5 44) P 1499. Montané M., Julio C. Bibliografia

Concise, authoritative, and well-illustrated summary selectiva de antropologia chilena. Priof Colombian culture history from the early hunters mera parte, Araucanos, Pehuenches,

and gatherers to the village federations of protohis- “ps res . voricend early historic times, [R.W_] P Chiloé y territorios adyacentes; Segunda

parte, Generalidades: Zona Norte y

1494. Rosenblat, Angel. Los otomacos y — Central. La Serena, Chile, 1963-1964.

taparitas de los Ilanos de Venezuela. 2 v. (Museo de La Serena. Contribu-

AIAH. v. 1, 1964: 227-337. | | ciones arqueol6égicas 2-3). Reedition ON Tes study ar st punished a Approximately 400 entries on Chilean Indians (Tierra

ierra firme (Madrid, ), Drougnt up to date by the = qe] Fuegians excluded; Chonos included) and Ar-

author. An indispensable work. gentine Araucanians. Every major field of anthropol-

. ogy is covered. 1495. Wassen, S. .Henry. Etnohistoria cho- a .

coana y cinco cuentos waunana apunta- 1500. Silva Vargas, Fernando. T[ierras y dos en 1955. ES. v. 26, 1963: 9-78. illus., _ Pueblos de indios en el Reino de Chile:

bibl. esquema historico-juridico. Santiago de

Documentary study of the tribes of the Chocé area, Chile, 1962. 266 p. bibl. (Estudios de including the origins of their various and alternative historia del derecho chileno 7).

names and comments on previous resear ch. Notes On Extensive documentary research into the laws and the informants and general etnograpic descriptions policies affecting Indian lands and towns in colonial mostly pertaining to economic aspects and material Chile. Includes large bibliography, especially on un-

culture. published materials. c. Chile

d. La Plata

1496. Faron, Louis C. Effects of conquest *, Sources

on the Araucanian Picunche during the Spanish colonization of Chile: 1536- 1501. Baucke, Florian. Zwettler-Codex 420. 1635. E. v. 7, Summer, 1960: 239-307. (Jesuiten-missionen in Paraguay, 1748-

ETHNOHISTORY: SOUTH AMERICA 139 1769). Herausgegeben von Etta Becker- artificial islets, drained fields, ridges, etc. Based on

Donner unter Mitarbeit von Gustav fie a photoatonhe” a professional geographer. Ex-

Otruba. Wien, 1959-1966. 1 v. illus. _

(Ver6ffentlichungen zum Archiv fiir 1506. Figueira, Jose J. Breviario de etno-

Volkerkunde). logia y arqueologia del Uruguay. Monte-

An expelled Jesuit’s classic and accurate, if somewhat video, 1965. 48 p. illus.

diffuse, account of the Mocobi missions in Paraguay _— Brief summary of the ethnology and archaeology of and daily Indian life. Expertly edited with biobiblio- | Uruguay drawing heavily upon ethnohistorical data.

graphical and comparative materials from other con- ;

temporary sources and modern studies. Good bibli- 1507. Heath, Dwight B. Ethnohistory of the

ography and excellent indexes. [J.V.M. ] eastern lowlands of Bolivia. Al, v. 26: 1502. Dobritzhofer, Martin. Geschichte der 143-151. Abiponer. Wien, 1783-1784. 3 v. maps. A historical outline from the conquest to present times A distinguished account. part histor art personal °" tropical lowland Bolivia. The study presents prob-

Isting coum P ¥> pal P . lems to the researcher interested in theories of cultural

observation, of Indian life in Paraguay by an aoe revolution: varied ecological zones have each susJesuit missionary who spent many years (1748-1767 tained very different kinds of cultures at different among the Guaranies and Abipones. There is a partial times

English version (London, 1822). [J.L. ] :

1503. Schmid, Theophilus. Misionando por ee worners eapnus. ne ppomncal ane Patagonia Austral, 1858-1865: usos y ECONOMIC Actives © wesnits In me costumbres de los indios_ patagones. Prél tario r Milcjades Stockholm, 1953. 254 p. maps. POlogo Y comen anlOS po : Standard, excellent monograph. Especially useful in

or La Plata region: the Hapsburg era.

Alejo Vignati. B.A., 1964. 251 p. (Cro- his survey of sources. Supplementary and important nistas y viajeros del Rio de la Plata 1. here is his La vida economica de los indios en las

Biblioteca de la Academia Nacional de reducciones Jesuiticas del Rio de la Plata durante los

; ; siglos xvii y xviii (Buenos Aires, 1948 [Academia in . . . The voice of pity for South America, a British mis- 1509. Service, Elman R. Spanish-Guarani

la Historia 22). ;from 7 sliched del and Plata. Jetters Estudios 79)). Translations theliteraria diaries published

adde pages of comments and notes that increase . ,

sionary Journal. The editor, an anthropologist, has relations in early colonial Paraguay. Ann the utility of the text. Schmid knew the Patagonians at Arbor, 195 4. 106 p. map, bibl. (Univera time when they had fully integrated the horse into sity of Michigan. Museum of Anthropoltheir culture, but before massive European settlement ogy. Anthropological papers Q).

in their territory. [J.V.M.] An expert study of the relations established between

. . Spaniards and Indians in Paraguay: a valuable con-

1504. ; Schobinger, Juan. Conquistadores, tribution to the study of mestizaje in Spanish America.

misioneros y exploradores en el Neu- [j.1.] “inoe antecesentes para el ony TR. 1510. Susnik, Branislava. El indio colonial

etnogralco ° patag —— del Paraguay. Asuncion, 1965. 243 p.

v. 9,195 8/ 1959: 107-123. . The Guarani had little to offer to the European settlers Reviews the bibliography dealing with a region of Ar- beyond their energy and their daughters. The kinship gentina and Chile that was late to be incorporated into bonds thus created from the earliest days emphasize

Argentina. [J.V.M.]

with the chronicles of the invasion and end around Asuncién and the more familiar one in the Andes. 1880, when ethnographic work can be said to begin in [J.V.M.]

1511. Tapson, Alfred J. Indian warfare on

ii. Studies the pampa during the colonial period.

1505. Denevan, William M. The aboriginal

HAHR. v. 42, Feb., 1962: 1-28.

cultural geography of the Llanos de . Mojos of Bolivia. Berkeley, 1966. 185 p. e. Brazil

5xcellent illus. ([beroAmericana 48). thof1512. Azevedo, e situacultural geography the area with Thales a sum-de. ~ ;Cultura . mary of archaeological.excavations by Nordenskidld, Gao racial no Brasil. Rio, 1966. 199 p. European contact in the region, savanna Indians, bibl. (Retratos do Brasil 42).

settlement features, population, and detailed discus- Collection of comprehensive essays on currently imsions of earthworks that include mounds, causeways, portant social topics in Brazil—integrating, interpret-

140 BACKGROUND ing, and evaluating information and concepts from i. Methodology and Aids to

many published sources. The author’s mastery and coverage of the historical, sociological, andScholarshi anthro- P

ological literature is impressive. eaeAndina, “as , pons P 1518. Means, Philip A. Biblioteca 1513. Kiemen, Mathias C. The Indian policy pt. |, The chroniclers ... New Haven,

of Portugal in the Amazon region, 1614~ —- 1928. (Transactions of the Connecticut

R 1693. Washington, 1994. 216 p. Academy of Arts and Sciences. v. 29, cholarly monographic treatment. May, 1928: 27 1-525). 1514. Luna, Luiz. Resisténcia do indio a John H. Rowe names this as one of two indispensable

d . a0 do B I. Rio. 1965. 155 bibliographical handbooks that list the published edi-

ominagao O brasil. N10, . P- tions of the sources on Andean history and culture. It bibl. names the principal chroniclers in alphabetical order,

The interest in a “Version de los vencidos”’ andinthe — giving a short bibliographical notice for each, and a list

resistance of American Indian groups tothe European of works, their most important editions, their content, invasion has grown in recent years. Luna has brought and an appraisal. “The Biblioteca Andina is now a together the better-known sources on the early years little out of date, and the author’s critical judgment of after the invasion and produced a strongly felt indict- | some writers must be accepted with some reservation’”’ ment against depopulation in both colonial and mod- _ but it “remains the best thing in English.” [R.W. ] ern times. [J.V.M.

- 1519. Rowe, John H. Absolute chronology

1515. Marchant, Alexander N. de A. From in the Andean area. AA. v. 10, Jan., barter to slavery: the economic relations 1945: 265-284. of Portuguese and Indians in the seitle- Basic revisionist treatment, based on archaeology as ment of Brazil, 1500-1560. Baltimore, well as written sources used by Means and others of an

earlier generation. Rowe’s hypotheses themselves are

1942. 160 p. map. —— _ now undergoing critical review by younger scholars.

Pioneering monograph of continuing utility. oo. 1520. Thompson, Donald E. An archeologi1516. Schaden, Egon. Aculturagao indigena: aj evaluation of ethno-historic evidence

ensaio sdbre fatores e tendencias da on Inca culture. Jn Betty E. Meggers, mudanga cultural de trio metas em ed., Anthropological Archeology in the contacto com oO mundo dos brancos. = Americas. Washington, 1968. p. 108-120.

RASP. Vv. 13, junho-dez., 1965. 315 p. Important preliminary findings, testing data of the After a history of acculturation studies in Brazil, three Ortiz de Zuniga visita of 1562, which threw much acculturation processes in special areas are com- light on archaeological reconstruction around the Inca pared: the Upper Xingu Basin (intertribal), Guarani center of Hudnuco in the central Peruvian highlands. (religious phases), and Tenetehara (cultural persis- The blending of historical, archaeological, and botanitence and change). Culture change in several sectors cal investigations is here superbly demonstrated.

of culture is then analyzed: social, economic, and ;

political systems; technology and material culture: 1521. Wedin, Ake. La cronologia de la his-

language; art; mythology; and religion. Specific accul- os - . ry: . turative topics are then covered: messianic move- tora incaica: estudio critico. Madrid,

ments, kinds of factors, intercultural stereotypes, 1963. 86 p. map. (Publicaciones del historical trends, and recommendations for applied Instituto Ibero-Americano de Gotem-

ists i lanist . Very tant. .

anthrapo oes’: mn ancanis programs. Very importan burgo, Suecia).

A critique of John H. Rowe’s 1945 article dealing with

1517. Staden, Hans. The captivity of Hans chronology in Andean ethnohistory. According to : _ Rowe, Cabello Valboa’s date of 1438 for the beginStaden of Hesse, in A.D. 1547 [555 ning of Inca expansion beyond the immediate Cuzco among the wild tribes of eastern Brazil. area, is ‘the most plausible one we have.” Wedin London, 1874. 169 p. (Works issued by thinks this allows much too short a time for the con-

. 5] )51). quest of such a vast territory,archaeological but offers no verification. alternative the Hak uyt Society dating, beyond suggesting

The fascinating story of a German sailor who fell into [J.V.M.] the hands of Brazilian Indians and lived to write about

it. One of the earliest non-Portuguese works about . | Brazil. Annotated by Richard F. Burton. [M.K.] 1522. Zuidema, R. Pr. The Ceque system of Cuzco: the social organization of the

capital of the Inca. [AE, Supplement 50, 1964. 265 p. maps. 5. Inca Empire and Peru A major effort to elaborate a model of how the Inca elite perceived the blend of kinship and power institu-

a. General tions in Cuzco, their capital. He attempts a reconstruc-

ETHNOHISTORY: INCA EMPIRE & PERU 14] tion of what the structure might have been ideally, to Kozan no Bunmel!. Tokyo, 1959. 271 p. had its elaborators and conceptualizers left us a state- Portuguese translation: Império Inca: Civilisacdo do ment unaffected by the adjustments and strains of deserto e da montanha. Treats Andean civilizations real life. A most important new departure in research (from Japanese point of view), with chapters on hison Tawantinsuyu, which will affect our studies for tory, archaeology, and social and cultural analysis of decades to come. It has been the subject of two long [nca empire, employing new sources. An unusual and review articles, one favorable, the other unfavorable. important contribution. See AA, 1965, and AESC, 1966. [J.V.M.]

1529. Lanning, Edward P. Peru before the .ii. Incas. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1967. Summaries and Syntheses illus., maps, bibl.

: . . An up-to-date survey, from earliest times to A.D. 1543, 226 p. illus., maps. duction to the archaeology and ethnohistory of the

1523. Baudin, Louis. Les Incas. Paris, 1964. generally replacing previous summaries as an introBased primarily on chroniclers; emphasizes socio- Andean areas.

political and economic aspects. For the general reader, ; oo. essentially an updating of his classic pioneering 1928 1530. Mason, John A. The ancient civiliza-

study. tions of Peru. Harmondsworth, 1957. 1524. Baudin, Louis. A socialist empire: the 329 p. illus., bibl. (Pelican books A395).

Incas of Peru. Tr. from the French by 3 Bene ne Pr

Katherine Woods, ed. by Arthur God- civilizations, and a special section on arts and crafts. dard. Princeton, 1961. 442 p. illus. map, This is a Penguin paperback; a later hardback edition bibl. (The William Volker Fund series in in Spanish (México and B.A., 1962) is available.

the humane studies). [R.W.]

An earlier general summary of environment, history, ey: . at Pe demography, and socioeconomic structure of the Inca, 1531. Means, Philip A. Ancient civilizations

with special chapters on Spanish impact and Inca in- of the Andes. N.Y., 1964. 586 p. illus., fluence on later history and culture. Tr. from L’Em- maps, bibl. pire socialiste des Inka (Paris, 1928). [R.W.] Chapter Originally published in 1931, for many years this was

1 provides an important, if incomplete, discussion of the standard modern work on the Inca and earlier

sources. [H.F.C.] cultures, partially replaced by Rowe (1946). Besides 1525. Brundage, Burr C. Empire of the In- the geographical and historical background, all aspects

Norman. Okla.. 1963. 396 p. illus ofto Inca life are fully described. One long chapter is Ca. ann ” Pp *»> devoted textiles. [R.W. ] bibl. (Civilization of the American Indian series 69). 1532. Rowe, John H. Inca culture at the time

History of the rise and fall of the Inca empire based of the Spanish conquest. Jn Julian H. principally upon chronicles. Well written and docu- Steward. ed.. Handbook of South Amerimented. Strong emphasis is placed on the role of reli- nan gion in the Inca Empire. Good book for the nonspe- can Indians. v. 2, p. 183-330. cialist who wants an account of the Inca based on Pages 192-197 contain one of the best appraisals (to

ethnohistorical sources. 1946) of the principal sources on the history and cul-

ture of the Incas. It should be consulted by all begin-

1526. Brundage, Burr C. Lords of Cuzco: a ning students. The documents are so numerous and history and description of the Inca people so varying in reliability that the task of consulting in their final days. Norman, Okla., 1967. them cannot be undertaken lightly. [J.L.] For its day 458 p. (Civilization of the American In- (1946), the Rowe synthesis replaced (in part) the

djlan “es 69) earlier Means (1931). While by no means revision superseded, Series 7 ; Rowe’s article has undergone extensive and

An amplified presentation of the final portion of his expansion by a recent generation of Peruvianist Empire of the Inca (1963), with emphasis on the so- scholars headed by John V. Murra, work not as yet cial and political life of the last generation of Incas: the synthesized. reign of Huascar, civil war between him and his half-

brother, Atahualpa, Spanish conquest, and extinction 1533, Valcarcel. Gustavo. Pert: mural de un

of the fugitive state of Vilcabamba. Clearly presented, ? , " , this is a notable synthesis. Puen Apuntss marnisres prehispanico. Lima, |spre . 416elp. Peru map. 1527. Bushnell, Geoffrey H. S. Peru. rev. ed. An attempt to redress the balance between those who N. Y., 1963. 216 p. illus., map, bibl. (An- — feel contempt for everything Andean and those who,

cient peoples and places). like Maridtegui and L. E. Valcarcel, have given us an

Introduction to Peruvian prehistory, with excellent “‘idealizaci6n’”’ and “un subjetivismo apologético” illustrations. [R.W.] Archaeologically oriented. in their studies of the Inca. The questions posed and

[H.F.C.] the knowledge of sixteenth-century sources are both oe. good; the comparative materials come from Marxist

1528. Izmui, Seiichi. Inca Teikoku: Sabaku classics and Soviet historical publications. [J.V.M.]

142 BACKGROUND 1534, Valedrcel, Etnohistoria del First great general work on Pert, written in 1551: the , ; oan ,Luis irstE.part, the geographical description, was publishe Peru antiguo: historia del Peru (Incas). in 1554. A principal source by a reliable writer, strong

2. ed. Lima, 1964. 227 p. illus., maps, on outlying areas of the Inca Empire. There is an

bibl. (Serie Textos universitarios). English edition.

A useful introduction for the novice, to be supple- 1540. Cobo. Bernabé. Historia del Nuevo mented by Rowetreatments. (1946) andmundo other less nationalistic ° ? Jiménez " _— and “romantic” . .. notas de Marcos

de la Espada. Sevilla, 1890-1895. 4 v.

Sources (Sociedad de Biblidfilos Andaluces. .i. Chroniclers _ ab.Obras publicadas 1. ser.). and Historians John H. Rowe writes that of all works, ancient or modern, this “‘is still the best and most complete de-

. + its phrasing and scientific in its approach that it 1s

1535. | Anonima]. Relacion de las costum- scription of Inca culture in existence. It is so clear in

ie arcos ee de es navura’e A pleasant JimeneZ deos taPiru. Spada. tres rela-as well as profitable to work with.” [R.W. |

ciones de antigiiedades peruanas. Ma- 1541. The conquest of Peru as related by

drid, 1879. v. 5, p. 135-227. illus. a member of the . Pizarro Expedition.

Jesuit writer, one of Garcilaso de la Vega’s principal Reproduced in facsimile from the edition

above account was written about 1590. . ° . . clair. N. Y., 1929. 47 p. illus., maps.

sources. Rowe believes him to be unreliable. The of 1534: ed. and tr. by Joseph H. Sin1536. Betanzos, Juan de. Suma y narracion The Anonymous Conqueror of Peru; one of the de los Incas. Marcos Jiménez de la Es- carest accounts of the native civilization, by an eye-

pada, ed. Madrid, 1880. 140 p. (Biblio- ) teca hispano-ultramarina 5). 1542. Cronicas del Peru. Juan Pérez Tudela

Written about 1551 by a careful writer, this portion Bueso, ed. Estudio preliminar por... . falter Ince lestnds Pum shed work. Especially use- Madrid, 1963-1965. 5 v. (Biblioteca de

; autores espafioles 164—-168).

1537. Casas, Bartolome de las. Los tesoros Chronicles of Diego Fernandez, Pedro Gutérrez del Pert. Tr. y anotacién de Angel de Santa Clara, Juan Cristobal Clavete de Estrella Losada. Madrid, 1958. xxviii, 480 p. illus. yi@@ 4, '8 Gasca), ane the Relacion’ oF Pedro

; ’ . , ; . t th use troductions.

First publication of the original manuscript discovered doen ET ESET OSS

by A. Losada Garcia in the Biblioteca de Palacioto of another 1543. Estete,text Miguel de Noticia Madrid and apparently superior signed . >del.. Pert °a

by Las Casas that Marcel Bataillon found in the Lima, 1924. xlvii, 212 p. (Coleccion de Biblioteca Nacional of Madrid. This work presents a libros y documentos referentes a la his-

new formulation of Las Casas’s position vis-a-vis the . ,

problem of Spanish conquest in America. This care- E tora del Peru. 2 ser, Vv. 8). fully prepared and commented edition is a valuable yewilness account or the conquest.

contribution. 1544. Garcilaso de la Vega, el Inca. Obras 1538. Castro, Cristobal de, and Diego de completas. Ed. y estudio preliminar de Orteja Morejon. Relacion y declaracion P. Carmelo Saenz de Santa Maria. Madel modo que este valle de Chincha y drid, 1960. 4 v. (Biblioteca de autores sus comarcarnos se gobernaban antes espanoles 132-135). ue hobiese ingas después que los Ihe complete works of the distinguished mestizo

, ODO bo hasta i. aquea 108 q Peruvian, including his Comentarios reales de los Spano es entraron Incas (1609) and Historia general del Peru (1617),

en esta tierra. Valle de Chincha, 22 de classical accounts of Inca society. The value of these febrero de 1558. Lima, 1934. (Coleccién writings as a source has been much discussed and disde libros y documentos referentes a la torian rather than a chronicler, one who is more reli-

. puted. Perhaps the writer should be classified as a his-

historia del Peru, ser. 2, v. 10). able on the early Spanish period in Peru through which

An early, important first-hand account. he lived than on the pre-Spanish period, which often is ; ; fanciful. [J.L.] The literary charm of these works has 1539. Cieza de Leon, Pedro de. Segunda also bred a literature of secondary criticism and ‘“‘apparte de la crénica del Pert. Marcos preciation."’ The works themselves are required readJiménez de la Espada, ed. Madrid, 1880 ing for any Latin Americanist. [H.F.C.]

279 p. (Biblioteca hispano-ultramarina 4). 1545. Garcilaso de la Vega. Royal commen-

ETHNOHISTORY: INCA EMPIRE & PERU 143 taries of the Incas and general history of sobre la perpetuidad de las encomiendas Peru. Tr. with an introduction by Harold enel Peri. RHL. v. 13, 1940: 125-196. NaN ermore: Aust » 1965. 2 v. (Texas 1552. Polo de Ondegardo, Juan. Los errores Excellent scholarly edition of this basic work. The in- y supersticiones de los Indios, sacados troduction provides a bibliographical guide to nu- del tratado y aueriguaciOn que hizo...

merous studies, and text notes are helpful. Lima, 1916. 2 v. (Coleccién de libros y 1546. Molina, Cristobal de. Relacién de las documentos referentes a la historia del fabulas y ritos de los Incas. Lima, 1916. Pert 3).

xx1, 216 p. (Coleccion de libros y docu- 1553, polo de Ondegardo, Juan. Relacién de

mentos referentes a la historia del Pert 1). los fund t del notable dar

One of the conquerors, Molina wrote this account of OS TunCaMentos acerca de nota e ano

religion about 1579. que resulta de guardar a los indios sus 1547. Molina, Cristébal de. Relacién de — fueros. Lima, 1916. 2 v. (Coleccion de muchas cosas acaescidas en el Pert, en libros y documentos referentes a la hissuma, para entender a la letra la manera toria del Peru 3). que se tuvo en la conquista y poblazon 1554. Polo de Ondegardo, Juan. Traslado

destos reinos ... Lima, 1916. (Colec- de un cartapacio a manera de borrador

cidn de libros y documentos referentes a que quedo en los papeles del Licenciado

la historia del Pert 1). Polo de Ondegardo cerca del linage de Fyewitness of conquest, who wrote this relaci6n in los Ingas y como conquistaron. Ed. de

H. H. Urteaga. Lima, 1917. (Coleccién 1548. Montesinos, Fernando. Memorias an- de libros y documentos referentes a la tiguas historiales y politicas del Peru. historia del Pert 4). Lima, 1930. (Coleccié6n de libros y docu- Polo’s works were written 1561-1571; reliable, but

. . , difficult. mentos referentes a la historia del PertAcosta and Cobo used them extensively.

6). 1555. Poma de Ayala, Felipe H. Nueva 2 Vv. illustré). Paris, 1936. xxviii, 1168 p. Written in the mid-seventeenth century, the state- illus. (Université de Paris. Travaux et ———. Anales del Pert. Madrid, 1906. cronica y buen gobierno (codex péruvien

ments this chronicler be carefully verified, ye ; . i. . 23). as he isofoften inaccurate.should mémoires de I’Institut d’Ethnologie A facsimile edition of the monumental and copiously

4. : . cler, written between an : e€ndacious

1549. Murua, Martin de. Historia general Mustrated manuscript by une Peruvian indian chron del Peru: ongen y descendencia de los though it is in many respects, it is an important source Yncas...Prologo del Duque de Welling- for the life of the Inca people in the pre-Spanish, conton y Ciudad Rodrigo, introduccién y quest, and early colonial periods, by an Indian author t de M 1 Ballest Gajbroi who despised peninsulares and creoles alike. [J.L.] no as” € anue alles erOs~ alDFOIS. — Rowe stresses value of the many drawings and notes, Madrid, 1962-1964. 277 p. illus. (In- ‘“Poma is very unreliable on history, better on adstituto Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo ministration, and perhaps best on religion and daily

> ee ”dedife”? [H.F.C.] Coleccion joyas bibliograficas. Bibliotheca americana vetus 1). 1556. Sancho, Pedro. Relacion para S. M. de

A seventeenth-century chronicle, written between lo sucedido en la conquista y pacificacion

Ouechis texts. but with unique data on religion and de estas provincias de la nueva Castilla... Lima, 1917. (Coleccion de libros 1550. Polo de Ondegardo, Juan. Del linage y documentos referentes a la historia del de los ingas y como conquistaron. Ed. de Perti 5).

id libros y docum rentes a ,

H. H. Urteaga. Lima, 1917. 2 v.(Colec- Eyewitness account immediately after events.

cron oe del Pert 4) entos referente 1557. Santa Cruz Pachacuti, Joan de. Relacion de antigiiedades deste reyno del 1551. Polo de Ondegardo, Juan. Informe... Piru. Lima, 1951. 353 p. (Coleccién de al Licenciado Briviesca de Munatones, libros y documentos referentes a la his-

144 BACKGROUND

toria del Peru 9). 1562. Covarrubias Pozo, Jesus M., ed teenth century. Confused but important, with some IDTO oe cabildo de eleccion de Quechua texts. alcaldes y regidores indios, ingas y yanaIndian from Canas who wrote early in the seven- Tercer lib d bilde d 2

1558. Sarmiento de Gamboa, Pedro. Ge- conas del Distrito de San Jeronimo y schichte des Inkareiches. R. Pietsch- San Blas, Jurisdiccion del Cuzco. RMC. mann, ed. Berlin, 1906. cxviii, 161-by-year p. Revue Sthe wee by Near 0. f 1626 meas elections, from 162 illus. (Abhandlungen der KGniglichen through 1673, of these Indian officials, including variGesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu ous observations and comments. Background mate-

Gittingen). rial is introduced in a preamble by the author.

ndica, written inci }

ficia . ita y

The first edition of Sarmiento de Gamboa’s Segunda 1563. Diez de San Miguel, Garci. Visita

in 1571-1572 at the request of Viceroy Toledo, to hecha a Ja Provincia de Chucuito Por counter theThe qroipien! Legend of Spanish Garci Diez paleografica de San Miguel envisi el ano onial rule. author,Black an official in Toledo’s en-co1567. Version de la

tourage, attempts to show the justice of Spanish rule . oe by describing the tyranny of the Incas, a description una biografia del visitador. Ed. de Walde-

based on some investigation. There is another edition mar Espinosa Soriano. Padron de los mil

un cr the recite a v3 incas, Angel Rosenblat, indias ricos de la Provincia de Chucuito

— en el ano 1574, por Frey Pedro Gu-

1559. Nore? Francisco de. Verdadera rela- tiérrez Flores. Una apreciaci6n etnologicon e la conduista 7 Peru y provincia ca de la visita por John V. Murra. Docu-

a uzco llamada la Nueva-Castilla . . . mentos referentes a Garci Diez de San . . de H. H. Urteaga and C. A. Romero. Miguel. Lima, 1964. 444 p. illus., map, ima, 1947. (Coleccion de libros y docu- bibl. (Documentos regionales para la

mentos referentes a la historia del Peru etnologia y ethno-historia andinas 1).

5 ). Testimony collected by former corregidor sent as in-

Eyewitness account. The Markham translation(1872) | SPector from Lima about life among Aymara-speaking

is quite; unreliable. herders on about the altiplano. Includesdemographic the earliest and data best ; ' materials so far the Aymara;

1560. Zarate, Agustin de. Relacion de todo and particularly rich in information about functions,

lo sucedido en la Provencia del Pirt neo and privileges of the traditional ethnic lords.

desde que Blasco Nufiez Vela fué enviado UVM

por S. M. a ser visorey della, que se em- 1564. Espinoza Soriano, Waldemar, ed. La barco a primero de noviembre de ano de Guaranga y la reduccion de Huancayo:

mdkxliii. Lima, 1870. 203 p. tres documentos ineditos de 1571 para la

Also attributed to Pedro de la Gasca. etnohistoria del Perl. RMC. v. 32, 1963: 8-80.

.. | Huancayo a major modern city in thhigh | high“oD UJ) isity in the central

Texts lands Espinoza of Peru but it reproduces seemed to be missing early . . . ocuments uropeanandaccounts. here from a major

1561. Avila, Francisco de. Dioses y hombres new source from a private collection in Cajamarca and de Huarochiri: narracidn quechua re-_ two supplementary papers from AGI. Huancayo was cogida por Francisco de Avila. Edicion founded as a Spanish settlement in 1571, but evidence

bilingiie. T , ; , presented here shows it existed long before that as a 1 gue. r. caste ana de . José Maria Wanka settlement, and also as an Inca tampu. Good Argiiedas. Estudio biobibliografico de data on land tenure and the privileges of the Wanka Pierre Duviols. Lima, 1966. 278 p. lords. Animportant source. [J.V.M. ]

illus. (Fuentes e investigaciones para la 1565. Espinoza Soriano, Waldemar, ed. El

historia del Pert, ser. 2. Textos criticos primer informe etnologico sobre Ca-

1). jamarca, ano de 1540. RPC. No. 11/12

Avila’s Spanish translation direct the Quechua ofa very 1967: 5-41. ) informants. Thirty-three storiesfrom and legends Text withy of commentar early iSi visita of the make up this earliest of all Quechua texts available ethnic groups of Cajamarca, ordered by Francisco so far. Quechua text has some misprints. Argiiedas S Pizarro and bishop Valverde. Several copies of the translation reads well and is frequently mgentous. For same document are compared to ascertain the original

eth eg and . ‘dLshould guisticbepurposes it is only approxi-quantitative spelling ofdata personal, andorganization. ethnic names.[J.V.M. Good | used with care. [J.V.M.] on theplace, decimal

ETHNOHISTORY: INCA EMPIRE & PERU 145 . . . ~ at outlines the intellectual context in whic a-

1566. Loayza, Francisco A., ed. Juan Santos or patienzo's work. an excellent background article el invencible (manuscritos del ano de tienzo worked and the social forces that challenged or 1742 al ano de 1755). Lima, 1942. 246 p. — supported his efforts. The data on his personal career illus. (Los pequefios gran libros de and his work are ample, well selected, and relevant to

historia americans ser . anes Ibros both ethnologists and historians. [J.V.M. ]

A collection of official documents concerning Juan 1572. McMahon, Dorothy. Variations in the

Santos Atawalpa, Indian chieftain, who for thirteen text of ZArate’s Historia del descubri-

years threatened the security of the viceroyalty of . . y

Peru; a useful source native 33, history. [J.L.] m3 ears arr adie HAHR. . pms wsfor. Vv. Nov., > NG 572-586.

1567. Ortiz de Zuniga, Inigo. Visita de la A revealing textual comparison between the 1555 and provincia de Leon de Huanuco (1562). the 1577 editions of Zdrate’s Historia. The revised v. 1, Visita de las cuatro waranga de los _ version of 1577 presents a narrative more favorable to chupachu. Hudnuco, Pert, 1967. 433 p. Y'©eroy Blasco Nunez Vela.

illus., maps, bibl. (Documentos para la 1573. Murra, John V. Guaman Poma de

historia y etnologia de Huanuco y la Ayala: a seventeenth-century Indian’s

selva central 1). account of Andean civilization. NH. v.

A new edition of a visita to two encomiendas in the 70, Aug.—Sept., 1961: 34-47; Oct., 1961: Huanuco region. This first volume includes not only 52-63

interviews with the local lords, but also a town-by- A fase; ti t and criti f an educated

town and house-to-house inspection of a pre-Inca ascinaling account and critique oO di educa ethnic group called Chupachu in the European rec- half-Indian’s story of the Inca Empire and its customs

ords. the conquest. Murra sympathetically ca [J.V.M.] many ofbefore the author’s Christian and pre-Incaunravels biases. 1568. Rostworowski Tovar de Diez Canseco, “pout five dozen of Poma’s amusing drawings are in-

Maria. Nuevos datos sobre tenencia de “U°°* tierras reales en el Incario. RMN. v.31, 1574. Penaherrera de Costales, Piedad, and

1962: 130-164. Alfredo Costales Samaniego. Huayna

Six unpublished documents from Peruvian archives Capac. Cuenca. Ecuador, 1965. 326 p.

are reproduced with an introduction that confirms the bibl

need to distinguish state lands from those assigned to An eff rt t k the E hronicles with em-

particular kings and royal lineages. These two kinds 7 eno the Inc - iadon a “4 ne es f are frequently confused as “Inca” lands. The labor PM@SIS On the inca in Ecuador and the resistance 0

force used to work royal lands and methods of acquir- ‘he inhabitants of this area to the extension of Taing such acreage are discussed. A significant contribu- W4ntinsuyu. The authors have utilized modern ethno-

tion. [J.V.M.] graphic data,manuscripts, some of themwhich from their cane and unpublished theyown list. fieldwork, [J.V.M. ] 1800 es Ugarte, aupen & an 1575. Wedin, Ake. El concepto de lo inJuridicos en asurtos ce indios caico y las fuentes: estudio critico. 1718). source Lima, 1951. 183 | Géteborg, 138. p. Valuable material forp.Indian history,1966. compris? .bibl. (Studia his-

ing the commentaries of officials and others on Indian torica gothoburgensia 7). . . status and conditions, the activities of the corregi- A portion of Wedin’s doctoral dissertation. Given the dores, and Potosi mine labor. [J.L. ] : confusion, contradictions, and plagiarisms frequent in the sixteenth-century sources, a thorough and critical c. Critical Studies review of these documents is again required. The most

reliable materials turn out to be eyewitness accounts

. . , . s of the sixteenth century. [J.V.M. is 1S an im-

1570. Duviols, Pierre. Les sources reli- ane persona’ memoirs: these Oy M1 the 50's and BICuses du chroniquer peruvien Fray portant work by a member of the present younger Martin de Murua. ELA. v. 1, 1962: 33- generation of revisionists. [H.F.C. ]

43. _,years 1576. Zuidema, R. T.ofReflections on Inca As the go by, more and more Murtia’s data . . . . turn out to have been copied from elsewhere, particu- historical conceptions. /n Proceedings of larly Las Casas and Polo de Ondegardo. [J.V.M.] the XXXIV _ International Congress of 1571. Lohmann Villena, Guillermo. Juan de Americanists, Vienna, 1960. Wien, 1962.

Matienzo, autor Gobierno deltoPerit: N Pp. 718-721. hnohistorical of | by 5 . ewdelapproach ethnohistorical study ofstudy Incas su personalidad y su obra. AEA. v. 22, restudy of chroniclers showing that it might be neces-

1965: 767-886. sary to take more account of the mythological ele-

Preliminary essay to accompany anew Frenchedition ments in Inca history than has been done in the past.

146 BACKGROUND A re mn or some of Zuidema’s new approach has 1582. Wedin, Ake. El sistema decimal en el

rougnt torth mixed responses. imperio incaico: estudio sobre estructura politica, division territorial y poblaci6n.

d. Selected Topics Madrid, 1965. 101 p. (Publicaciones del

Instituto Ibero-Americano, Gotemburgo,

1577. More, Sally F. Power and property in Suécia). Inca Peru. N.Y., 1958. 190 p. The division of the Inca administrative apparatus into A reexamination, by a jurist-anthropologist, of certain decimal units had not permeated all institutions, as chronicles treating of socioeconomic, legal, and politi- had been believed. Wedin thinks the decimal system

cal institutions of the Inca, with emphasis on the role was primarily military and warns that it cannot be

administration. [R.W.] . 1583. Zuidema, R. T. Algunos problemas

of the koraka in relationships between local and Cuzco used for demographic calculations. [J.V.M. |

1578. Radicati de Primeglio, Carlos. la — etnohistéricos del Departamento de seriacion”’ como posible clave para des- Ayacucho. W. v. 1, 1966: 68-75.

cifrar los quipus extranumerales. D. v. Attempts to distinguish several ethnic groups occupy-

4. 1965: 112-215. ing the Ayacucho area at the time of the European

A further installment in the author's long-standing ‘("vasion and their relation both to the Inca state and study of archaeological quipu. This time he seriates ‘© earlier political units. [J.V.M. | six of them, all allegedly from a single tomb in the

Santa suggests Valley. The uniform disposition the knotse€.and Colonial FPeru colors that this was not a group ofofstatistical COlONlAL

records. Radicati thinks they are “ideographic”’ quipu, i. General whose “reading”? by specialists is frequently men- "

tioned by the chroniclers. [J.V.M.] Bibliography pro- ; , vides leads to other discussions of the quipu, not 1584. Albo, Xavier. Jesuitas y culturas in-

otherwise treated in this section. [H.F.C.] digenas, Peri 1568-1606: su actitud,

6 b) e

1579. Rowe, John H. The kingdom of Chi- métodos y criterios de aculturacion (primor. AAm. v. 6, Jan.—June, 1948: 26-59. mera parte). Al. v. 26, no. 3, 1966: 249-

Historical-archaeological reconstruction of the Chimu 308. .

area, valley of Trujillo (Santa Catalina, or Moche) on While no Andean witnesses are quoted about their the north coast of Peru. Notes on main sources with reactions to early Jesuit efforts, ethnohistorians will translated excerpt from an anonymous chronicle of find this a very useful source. The first forty years of

1604. the Jesuit presence on the altiplano culminate with the ; o. ; publication of the famous Aymara and Quechua gram-

1580. Strube Erdmann, Leon. Vialidad im- mars and dictionaries of Bertonio and Gonzélez Hol-

perial de los Incas: desde Colombia guin. Father Albo’s study permits us to see the hasta Chil | dey sur M de theological contextbibliography in which these asta lle centra €N- works and were ideological conceived. Excellent of ecdoza ... con inclusidn de sus proyec- clesiastical sources. [J.V.M.] ciones orientales. Cordoba, Argentina, 45g5. Armas Medina, Fernando de. Cris-

1963. 113 p. maps, bibl. (Universidad tjanizaci6n del Pert (1532-1600). SeNacional de Cordoba. Instituto de Es- villa, 1953. xxvii, 635 p. (Escuela de tudios Americanistas. Serie historica 33), Estudios Hispanoamericanos de Sevilla A notable study. It mayothers exaggerate importance of ) some highways, maythebe of postcontact

origin. 75).

A comprehensive work on the sixteenth-century con-

1581. Towle, Margaret A. The ethnobotany version of Incaic peoples and the establishment of a of pre-Columbian. tea Peru. N.Y.. 196] e Christian society. The mission labors of the pertinent uwpens “"? (iorders receive attention, together with evangelical 1962]. 180 p. illus., bibl. (Viking Fund methods, sacraments, and the social consequences of

publications in anthropology 30). Christianization. Uniformly adopts a Spanish point

Fortunately for both botanists and anthropologists, Of view and uses standard published material with parts of Peru have been ideal for preservation of Some new documentation from the Archivo General usually perishable plant remains of great age. Peru de Indias. Concludes with a thoughtful essay on Chriswas also an important center in the development and _ tian-pagan “‘sincretismo religioso,”” proposing the esdiffusion of cultivated plants. This book provides bo- sentially Christian character of the Indian of colonial

tanical descriptions and identifications and places times and assigning a secondary role to pagan surthem in proper cultural and chronological perspective. _ Vivals.

The introduction presents a brief but useful summary . of the geographical setting and the chronology of 1586. Gibson, Charles. The Inca concept of

central Andean prehistory. [R.W. ] sovereignty and the Spanish administra-

ETHNOHISTORY: INCA EMPIRE & PERU 147 tion in Peru. Austin, 1948. 146 p. map, provides the single most informed treatment of the bibl. (University of Texas. Institute of C™Plex problems, historical and bibliographical, of Latin American Studies. Latin American the period, with stress on relations with native populastudies 4). A penetrating study of the transition from Inca to 1593. Rowe, John H. The Incas under SpanSpanish sovereignty, dealing with Inca instruments of ish colonial institutions. HAHR. v. 37, government and their destruction or modification to May, 1957: 155-199

. tions.

serve Spanish :administration, with particular refer4 at restudy ; penetrating though distinctly partisan of In-

ence to the period of Viceroy Toledo. [J.L. ] dian conditions under Spanish rule in Peru; analyzes

_ : ; , lan icy, doctrinas —

1587. Kubler, George. The Behavior of (he various ropidonee tite, LTO rin Atahualpa, 1531-1533. HAHR. v. 25, and the Indian reactions to them. Includes a useful

Nov., 1945: 413-427. bibliography. [J.L.]

history. ii. Selected Topics 1588. Kubler, George. The Neo-Inca State 1594. Colin. Miche Another important contribution to postcontact ethno-

1537-1572. HAHR. v. 27, May, 1947: - Colin, Michele. Le Cuzco a la fin du

189-203. Xvu et au debut du xvui siécle. Préface

A significant article on Inca resistance to Spanish de Pierre Chaunu. Paris, 1966. 230 p. colonization, the separatist movement in the province (Institut des Hautes Etudes de lAme-

of Vilcabamba. [J.L. ] rique Latine. Travaux et memoires 16).

. _ intormation abou uzco In colonial times. Ample

1589. Kubler, George. A Peruvian chief of aad been noted that a curious voud existed jn our state: Manco Inca (1515-1545). HAHR. unpublished sources were located in the AGI. In the

v. 24, May, 1944: 253-276. century preceding the rebellion of Tupac Amaru, the

A scholarly account of the Spaniards’ use of Manco’ mistreatment of the Andean population, their growing Inca, his subsequent rebellion, and the erection of an impoverishment, and the demographic decline can be

Inca state of Viticos (1537). [J.L.] fully documented for an area that even in the seven. teenth and eighteenth centuries continued to be the 1590. Kubler, George. The Quechua in the «Jngian capital.’ | J.V.M.]

colonial world. Washington, 1946. In , , . _ dean epidemic history to 1720.ZBHM. American Indians. v. 2, p. 331-410. A lengthy but concise description, not available else- v. 37, Nov.—Dec., 1963: 493-515. Julian Steward, ed., Handbook of South 1595. Dobyns, Henry F. An outline of An-

where, of the general transformation of Inca commu- . ;

nity into the modern Quechua settlement. [R.W.] A 1596. Espinoza Soriano, Waldemar. El albasic article that provides a framework for mono- calde mayor indigena en el virreinato del graphic studies that have since appeared. [H.F.C. ] Pert. AEA. v. 17, 1960: 183-300. 1591. Levillier, Roberto. Don de Documenree sty onthe a little-known Sources ; ,,Francisco used are from the and Archivotheme. General o Toledo, supremo organizador del Peru: Peru. At some points somewhat uncritical.

su. vida, su obra (1515-1582). B.A., 1597. Hadd Gord U d

1935-1942. 3 v. illus., maps, bibl. (Co- {7 "" (BCC 2Ms Orton J. molécica on lecci6n de publicaciones historicas de la emograiia, fistorica y etnologica en

Biblioteca del Congreso argentino). Huanuco. In igo Ortiz de Zuniga.

The standard Spanish-language work on the fifth and Visita de la provincia de Leon de greatest viceroy of Peru, his administration, and its Huanuco [1562]. Huanuco, Peru, 1967. political and social environment. Reproduces sub- 369-380

stantial documentation, including the /nformaciones p. he C " h dtof f acerca del senorio y gobierno de las Incas, the formal | While the Chupachu were supposed to form four war-

inquiry organized by the viceroy in 1570-1572 into nqa, four thousand domestic units in Inca times,

the life of the Incas in order to show the legitimacy of | the availability of two visitas, from 1549 and 1562,

ote _ allows us to see the decimal system in some functiona

Spanish rule; and the Historia of |J.V PedroIME. Sar an [J y M._] the d I syst funct | miento de Gamboa. [J.L.]Indica Clall. 1592. Matienzo, Juan de. Gobierno del Peru 1598. Harth-Terré, Emilio. El indigena (1567). Ed. de Guillermo Lohmann Vi- peruano en las bellas artes virreinales.

lena. Paris, 1967. 366 p. (Travaux de Cuzco, 1960. 52 p.

PInstitut Francais Andine 1 1). A list of Indian artists and craftsmen working in co-

A basic source now first issued in complete scholarly lonial Peru, with brief notes on each, preceded by a fashion. The introduction is equally significant, for it valuable introduction on the cultural interaction of

148 BACKGROUND the various racial groups. [J.L.] 1601. Sahuaraura Titu Atauchi, Rafael J. Estado del Peru: codice escrito en 1780

iii. Tupac Amaru Revolt y que contiene datos importantes sobre

, ; la revolucion de José Gabriel Tupac

1599. Lewin, Boleslao. La rebelion de Tupac Amaru. Lima, 1944. 224 p. (Los PeAmaru y los origenes de la emancipacion quenos grandes libros de historia ameriamericana. B.A., 1957. 1023 p. illus., cana, ser. 1, v. 5).

bibl. An important document for the history of the Tupac

A substantial history of the rebellion of Tupac Amaru. Amaru rebellion, followed by other pertinent docuand of adjacent movements, valuable as a source of mentation. [J.L.]

hovonee to the thers that the vibellion Yas 2 eeuine 1602. Valcarcel Esporza, Carlos D. La re-

independence movement. [J.L.] belidn de Tupak Amaru. México, 1947. 1600. Paz y Guini, Melchor de. Guerra 206 p. illus., bibl. (Coleccién Tierra

Sseparatista: rebeliones de indios en Sur firme 31).

América: la sublevacién de Tupac Apes, ud) of th Indian rebellion of 1780 by a Amaru, cronica. Lima, 1952. 2 v. mestizo social reformer rather than a revolutionary;

An account of the Tapac Amaru rebellion by the vice- argues that Tupac Amaru’s extremist followers turned

regal secretary; an essential source. [J.L. | the movement into a mass Indian rebellion. [J.L.]

C. European and African Antecedents CHARLES JULIAN BISHKO

The subject of the European, i.e., predominantly Spanish and Portuguese, and of the African (or Afro-Atlantic) antecedents of Latin American civilizations embraces two large areas of inquiry. First, the historical origins and linear extrapolation of the Iberian and African ethnic, cultural, social, economic, and insti-

tutional elements transplanted after 1492 to the New World. Second, LusoHispanic history in general (and, to a lesser degree, African history) in the formative medieval and early modern epochs, as the total context from which, by a process of selection still very imperfectly understood, such elements passed across the Ocean Sea, often with radically altered function or importance. Iberia’s development cannot, of course, properly be separated from its broad European setting, but on this multifaceted interconnection only a minimum number of titles

can here be cited; see further the American Historical Association’s Guide to Historical Literature (2); Louis J. Paetow, A Guide to the Study of Medieval History (N.Y., 1931; badly needed supplement in preparation); and the extensive

bibliographies, The Cambridge Medieval History (Cambridge, 1911-1936), The Cambridge Modern History (Cambridge, 1902-1912), and The Cambridge Economic History of Europe (Cambridge, 1941-).

For the Eurafrican antecedents proper, three geohistorical zones require attention: (1) Medieval and early modern Spain and Portugal, considered especially from the viewpoint of their reconquest, Mediterranean, and Atlantic connections and in full recognition of the striking distinctiveness of Iberian civilization and of its prolific creation of concepts, techniques, and institutions

EUROPEAN & AFRICAN ANTECEDENTS 149 bearing on expansion and the colonizing process. (2) The emergent Ibero-Africa of the thirteenth to sixteenth centuries, including both Arabo-Berber North Africa

(the Maghrib) and Negro tropical Africa, principally in the territories of the diverse peoples and cultures lying between Upper Guinea and Angola. (3) The Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores, Madeiras, Canaries, Cape Verdes, and Sao Thomé e Principe, in so many ways the direct prototypal experiment stations for the Iberian occupation of America. For all three of these zones, the genesis and lines of continuity of the antecedents need to be much more fully investigated, with progress depending in part upon better communication than presently exists between the specialists in Luso-

Hispanic and those in Ibero-American history. Current information concerns chiefly governmental and commercial topics; much less has been done to clarify methods of penetration and conquest, colonizing practices, ecclesiastical organization (particularly as regards the key role of the religious orders), the distribu-

tion, tenure, and use of land, the main lines of agropecuarial and -industrial growth, and the forms of new colonial societies. For many of the central questions involved, the methods of approach, and fundamental bibliography, see especially the brilliant studies of Professor Charles Verlinden of Gand and of the Portuguese economic historian Vitorino Magalhaes Godinho. For Spanish, Portuguese, and

Brazilian periodicals that frequently carry articles and bibliography relevant to European antecedents see the appendix to this volume. Useful information will also be found in the Iberian background sections of many works dealing with aspects of colonial Latin America. For Spain, Hispano-Africa, and the Canaries, it is essential to note that the last three decades have witnessed abundant publication of drastically revisionist ¢ character, so that the older literature should be used with caution. The govern-

mental Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Hist6ricas, through its many patronatos and institutos, has sponsored innumerable books, articles, bibliographies, editions of sources, and national, regional, and provincial journals. Among contemporary Spanish historians, Julio Gonzalez, José Maria Lacarra, Antonio Dominguez Ortiz, Ramon Carande, Alfonso Garcia Gallo, Jaime Vicens Vives, Juan Regla, and Julio Caro Baroja are pre-eminent. In Buenos Aires the foremost world authority on medieval Iberia, Claudio SAnchez-Albornoz, edits the indispensable Cuadernos de Historia de Espana (1944—) and, with his numerous

disciples, produces work of the highest quality in Hispanic institutional and cultural history. Many recent studies in this field reflect the current controversy between Sanchez-Albornoz and the followers of existentialist Américo Castro. In Portuguese history during the Middle Ages and under the Avis dynasty, the works of Damiao Peres, David Lopes, Torcuato de Sousa Soares, Virginia Rau, and Lucio de Azevedo contribute significantly to the understanding of Brazilian antecedents. At many points, however, Portugal’s economic, religious, social, and cultural history still remains poorly explored; and the emphasis upon the discoveries period has as yet resulted in only lirnited re-appraisal of mainland African and Atlantico-Insular problems of penetration and settlement. On the Negro civilizations of west and southwestern Africa, vital to the history of Brazil, the Caribbean, and other American regions, intensive research is now being carried well beyond the traditional interest in anthropology and the slave trade into new aspects of familial. tribal, and tnonarchical systems, religion, economy, and general culture. The Journal of Ajrican History (1960—) may be

150 BACKGROUND consulted on this rapidly growing body of literature, while the surveys of Murdock, (1844) and Rotberg (1846) contain the latest essential bibliographical apparatus. The majority of the highly selective titles below do not reach beyond the year

1600, on the premise that, while Eurafrican contributions to Latin America continue to the present day, that date marks the approximate close of the basic era of institutional and cultural transfer. It will often be found rewarding to check other writings of authors included, as well as the Spain-Portugal and Africa sections of the already cited Guide to Historical Literature of the American Historical Association.

l. Bibliographies ‘and Guides Books printed in Spain and Portugal arranged alphabetically, with full annotated bibliographical entries.

1603. Anselmo, Antonio J. Bibliografia das Index of printers. [S.B.}

obras impressas em Portugal no século 1608. Lisbon. Palacio da Ajuda. Biblioteca.

xvi. Lisboa, 1926. 367 p. illus. (Publi- Manuscritos. v. 1. (Guia). Lisboa, 1966.

cacées da Biblioteca Nacional). 679 p.

Fully annotated bibliography of Portuguese works in The first of general guides to the main archives of the sixteenth century. Useful for background on early Portugal. The Royal Library of Ajuda houses the

Brazilian civilization. [S.B. ] finest collection of books in Lisbon. Its manuscripts

. are less wellW. known, and thisofvolume is therefore 1604.. Diffie, Bailey Bibliography the important. [S.B.] P chin pal p aoe guides Pormauese 1609. Machado, Diogo Barbosa. Bibliotheca

No Mle 1 PDFAnes. / S B n “linn lusitana historica, critica e cronologica,

die Wachineto oD C1950, Pro. na qual se comprehende a noticia dos

S ‘eding Ni hville. 1953 ” 181-188 PO- authores portuguezes, e das obras que

ceedings.valuable, IN asnvie, 2p.also, compuzerao desde o tempo Extremely as is in the same volume, _ , da promulVirginia Rau, “Arquivos de Portugal: Lisboa,” p. gacao da ley graca ate o tempo prezente.

189-213.oneLisboa, 1741-1759. 4 v. “oe One of the pioneer works in Portuguese bibliography,

1605. Greenlee, William B. A descriptive and still an obligatory reference. Provides biobibliobibliography of. the history of Portugal. graphical information within a first-name arrangeHAHR. v. 20, Aug., 1940: 491-516. ment. Covers from the beginning to mid-eighteenth An excellent introduction to the older basic works and century.

ticular reference toantigos the metropolitan imperial .. antecedents of Brazil. portuguezes, and 1489-1600, da bi7 or da bliotheca de Sua Majestade Fidelissima, 1606.;Guia bibliografia portu; : descriptos por S.historica M. el-rei D.; JManuel. collections in the Portuguese field, compiled with par- 1610. Manuel II, King of Portugal. Livros

guesa. by Lisboa, 1959-.Portuguesa | Cambridge. 1929-1935. v. illUS. Published the Academia da Historia. amovridge,3-JV.1

A regrettably slow-moving bibliographical project Early Portuguese books, 1489-1600, in the library of of prime potential importance cataloging published ls Majesty the King of Portugal. [S.B. |

source collections, general and special historical a os works, studies of Ultramar expansion, and periodicals, 1611. Mar ques, Antonio H. R. de Oliveira.

arranged by periods of Portuguese history. Fascicule Guia de estudante de historia medieval

| contains 395 entries for historical sources. portuguesa. Lisboa, 1964. 285 p. 1607. Haebler. Konrad. Bibliografia ibérica The outstanding bibliographical tool for all study of an , ° _, 8 medieval Portuguese antecedents. Covers general del siglo xv. Enumeracion de todos los bibliographies: periodicals; atlases and dictionaries; libros impresos en Espana y Portugal general, regional, and local histories: and significant x rye titles for economic and social history, institutions and hasta el ano de 1500 con notas criticas. law, army and navy, the Church, culture, political his-

La Haye, 1903-1917. 2 v. tory, the discoveries, and auxiliary historical sciences.

EUROPEAN & AFRICAN ANTECEDENTS 151 Much information on archives in Portugal and abroad. theca lusitana. Lisboa, 1786-1787. 3 v.

1612. Mauro, Frédéric. L’histoire au Portu- [S.B.]

gal. RH. v. 229, avril-juin, 1963: 433- 1619. Verlinden, Charles. Les influences

442. médiévales dans la colonisation de

A compact appraisal of contemporary Portuguese l’ Amérique. RHA. v. 30, 1950:440-450.

historical studies that briefly catalogs essential in- The study and character of the medieval European formation on learned societies, periodical publica- background for Spanish and Portuguese commerce tions, international historical congresses of Luso- and colonization in the New World. Also published, Brazilian character, and changing subjects of re- slightly expanded in RI. v. 11, no. 43-4, 1951; 219-

. . . . me-

search. 236, as “Le probléme de la continuité en histoire 1613. Seris, Homero. Manual de bibliografia covoniae oe la colonisation mediévale a la colonisa-

de la literatura espanola. Syracuse, N.Y., : Lo , 1948-1954. v. 1, in 2 fascicules. 1,086 p. 1620. Verlinden, Charles Precedents ©

(Syracuse University. Centro de estu diévaux de la colonie en Amerique.

ied hispani p lic >) México, 1954. 61 p. (Instituto Panameri-

Of much wider scope than the title connotes, covering CAN©_de Geografia e Historia. Publica:

the religious and military orders, regional bibli- cion 177, Comision de Historia 70. Proography, universities, philosophy, hagiography, travel grama de Historia de América II, 5).

literature, and the arts. The most important of Verlinden’s writings on this

: subject, outlining methods and problems of research

1614. Welsh, Doris V. A catalog of the and tracing in some detail (and with bibliography) the William B. Greenlee Collection of Portu- evolution from medieval to Ibero-American forms of guese history and literature and the _ Italian business techniques, slavery, colonial governPortuguese materials in the Newberry ment, quasi-feudal territorial grants, and sugar proLibrary. Chicago, 1953. 342 p.

: . duction.

An exhaustive bibliography of books and pamphlets

in one of the world’s largest collections. Classified by 3. Histories of Spain and Portugal

periods and subject matter.

1621. Aguado Bleye, Pedro. Manual de his-

2. General toria de Espana. 9. ed. Madrid, 19633 Vv.

1615. Bishko, Charles J. The [berian back- An invaluable tool, kept admirably up to date, and ground of Latin American history: re- providing abundant, well-selected bibliographical

“ai data along with compact, lucidly organized historical

TABR «36 “0 se ste propiems. exposition. V. 1,and through the Middle Ages: v. 2, the Vv.ane , Feb., 1956: 50-80. | Catholic Kings the Habsburgs.

Reflections on the methodology and scope of “‘ante- . oo.

cedents” study, along with a bibliographical survey of 1622. Almeida, Fortunato de. Historia de important works appearing in the fecund years 1940—- Portugal. Coimbra, 1922-1929. 6 v.

1955. Superseded at various points but, along with its de-

1616. Godinho, Vitorino Magalhaes. A tailed political narrative, of continuing value for social d bri h . and constitutional evolution. Much on governmental economia. _d Gos escoorimentos €Nll- and institutional antecedents of Brazil in v. 1, to 1385; quinos. Lisboa, [1962]. 247 p. maps, _ v. 2-3, 1385-1580; and v. 4~5, 1580-1816.

bibl. , | 1623. Ameal, Joao. Histéria de Portugal.

Broader inby scope than itsauthority title suggests; a summary Pp Medi1958. 806 analysis a leading of the medieval orto, - OUO P. ;

terranean factors lying behind Portugal’s African and “ predominantly political outline, displaying marked Atlantic expansion, with able surveys of Portuguese royalist and clerical sympathies.

military, mercantile, and colonizing techniques in 4694. Araujo, Alexandre Herculano de

Morocco, the Atlantic Islands, and Guinea later C lho. Historia de P 1. desd applied Brazil. arva ° istoria . ortuga ra “ec , .~ in CcComeco a monarcnia ate o, fim O 1617. Sanchez-Albornoz y Menduina, Clau- reinado de Affonso III]. 9. ed. Lisboa, dio. La edad media y la empresa de America. #n Espana y el bsiaM. D./%., - A famous work by the outstanding Portuguese his-

ica. In Espajia y el Islam. B.A., [1943]. , 10.8 ¥- |

p. 181-199. torian of modern times, which reaches only the year

A broad assessment by this distinguished authority of | 1279; but note for Brazilian antecedents the detailed the lines along which the Spanish Middle Ages af- analysis in v. 6-8 of medieval Portuguese social struc-

fected the Iberianization of the Indies. ture and of the urban concelho. 1618. Sousa Farinha. Summario da Biblio- 1625. Ballesteros y Beretta, Antonio. His-

152 BACKGROUND toria de Espana y de su influencia en la encyclopedia 6). historia universal. 2. ed. rev. Barcelona, Some two-thirds of this book deals with the Middle 1943-1950. 11 v. illus. maps, bibl. Ages and Siglo de Oro; largely confined to political,

The most complete, extensive treatment, although dynastic, and military developments.

tre voumes punning trom the Middle Ages through 1633. Livermore, Harold V., ed. Portugal the eighteenth century are superseded at many points and Brazil. Oxford, 1953. 418 p. illus., by more recent are research. numerous bibliographibiblto use. Maps, 1D1. ; , cal sections quiteThe uncritical and difficult

; An introduction by various authorities to major as-

1626. Beneyto Perez, Juan. Historia social pects of Luso-Brazilian civilization. The sections on de Espana y de Hispanoamérica. Ma- _ Portugal include geography and ethnology, history, drid. 1961. 519 p. bibl. (Biblioteca cul- religion, law and institutions, literature, and the arts.

tura e historia). 1634. Lynch, John. Spain under the Habs-

Extensive sections on the Middle Ages, the transition burgs. N.Y., 1964-. 2 v. illus., maps.

to the modern period, the sixteenth century, social Vv. 1 covers the reigns of Charles V and Philip II,

classes, social structure, and social thought. with important chapters on economy, government, 1627. Braudel. Fernand. La Méditerranée et foreign wars, and the interplay of political and reli-

° a eae - . ee gious factors affecting Spanish internal and foreign

Philippe II. Paris, 1967. 2 v. , , , Lo.

le monde méditerranéen a l’époque de policy.

Based upon extensive archival research into human 1635. Menendez Pidal, Ramon, ed. Historia geography, economics, societies, and wars. A classic de Espana. Madrid, 1935-. illus.,.maps, survey emphasizing Spain, with much light on her bibl. Mediterranean involvements and policies. A Span- [ts many gaps reduce the value of this slow-moving ish translation from the first French edition (1949) collaborative enterprise. The first 6 volumes reach

was published in Mexico (2 v. 1953). only to 1908; v. 15, a detailed study of Castile and 1628. Diccionario de historia de Espafia Aragon in the fifteenth century, appeared in 1964: v.

. . "19, in 2 parts, is a mediocre survey of the reign of

Madrid, [1952]. 2 v. maps, bibl. Philip II.

A highly informative reference work, with often sub- ; _ stantial articles on all aspects of Spanish history as 1636. Merriman, Roger B. The rise of the well as selected topics in colonial Latin America. Con- Spanish Empire in the Old World and in tributions are generally signed but unfortunately lack the New. N.Y., 1918-1934. 4 v. maps, bibliography. The appendixes contain a_historio- bibl graphical essay, especially strong on primary sources, DIDI. oo,

and a chronological table. In its treatment of Spain’s historical evolution toward

expansion and the eventual conquest and coloniza-

1629. Elliott, Jjohn] H. Imperial Spain, tion of the Indies, this is still the best general account, 1469-1716. N.Y., 1964. 411 p. illus although v. 1 (The Middle Ages) requires extensive

co" , , ‘? revision. V. 2 (The Catholic Kings), v. 3 (The Emmaps,a1. bibl. oo, peror), and v. 4 (Philip the Prudent), while super-

Based upon the most recent revisionist scholarship — seded on various questions, remain the most skillful and with many penetrating reassessments of old prob- synthesis of Spain’s complex metropolitan, European, lems, this book completely replaces the older one- — and American involvements.

volume surveys. Brief on the obscure decades after

1650. 1637. Nowell, Charles E. A history of Portu1630. Garcia de Valdeavellano y Arcimis, . 84. N.Y., 1952. 259 p. illus., maps, bibl. Luis. Hi ‘ade E 54. 35.d€d. Madrid on Portugal, but containing some material uIS. istoria € Espana. Madrid,Primarily — on Brazilian history. Excellent for background. [M.K. |

1963-. v. | in 2 parts (S14, 693). maps.

To date the only volume published. By far the best 1638. Pattee, Richard. Portugal and the guide to medieval Spanish history and institutions Portuguese World. Milwaukee, 1957. down to the year 1212. Fundamental bibliography 350 p. illus., bibl.

. . history. [M.K. ]

after each chapter. A sympathetic account of Portugal's exploits in world

1631. Livermore, Harold V. A history of _ oo Portugal. Cambridge, 1947. 502 p. illus., 1639. Peres, Damiao, ed. Historia de Portumaps, bibl. gal. Barcelos, 1928-1938. 8 v. SupleBased upon the D. Peres eight-volume history, and mento, 1954-. illus., maps.

by far the fullest, most reliable shorter account; A collaborative work of quite uneven value but the strong on the Middle Ages and Early Modernera but most recent large-scale Portuguese effort. V. 2-5 primarily political; weak on social, economic, and in- cover the twelfth to the mid-seventeenth centuries.

stitutional growth. Weak on institutions and without bibliography.

1632. Livermore, Harold V. A history of 1640. Serrao, Joel, ed. Diccionario de hisSpain. N.Y., [1958]. 478 p. (Evergreen toria de Portugal. [ Lisboa, 1961—]. illus.

EUROPEAN & AFRICAN ANTECEDENTS 153 To consist eventually of three substantial volumes, Ages. The foremost contemporary specialist here this is the most important up-to-date guide to all as- vigorously assaults Castro’s tricultural synthesis pects and periods of Portuguese history. The signed while discussing numerous aspects of Iberian civillarticles, by foreign as well as Portuguese specialists, zation: monarchy and nobility, feudalism, towns and display admirable scholarship, are often of consider- middle class, the reconquest, and later medieval able length, and provide essential bibliography. and early modern trends.

1641. Soldevila Zubiburu, Fernando. His- 1647. Vicens Vives, Jaime. Approaches to

toria de Espana. Barcelona, 1952-1959. the history of Spain. Tr. by Joan Con-

8 v. illus. nelly Ullman. Berkeley, 1967. 189 p.

By a distinguished Catalan historian, and in many illus., maps, bibl.

ways the best and most up-to-date longer survey. V. A brilliant running interpretation of all the periods of

2-5 cover through the Habsburg dynasty; no formal Spanish history by the distinguished Catalan hisbibliographies, but footnotes abound in citation of torian; the translator-editor’s bibliographical and

relevant literature. historical commentary makes this edition more val-

. . , uable than the Spanish original: Aproximacion a la

1642. Ubieto Arteta, Antonio, Juan Regla, historia de Espana (2. ed., Barcelona, 1960). and José M. Jover. Introduccioén a la his-

ri na. , 1963. 798 .

1 a - , . yo. .

» Te bite Barcelona 5. Social Anthropology and Geography Ubieto and Regia as recognized authonties deal re. 1048: Birot, Pierre. Le Portugal: étude de spectively with the medieval and early modern pe- geographie regionale. Paris, 1950. 222 p. riods, paying due attention to institutional and cultural (Collection Armand Colin 260. Section history as well as to foreign relations and questions of de géographie).

empire. Particularly useful on the regional diversities of rural settlement, habitat, land use, and agricultural systems. 4. Historiography 1649. Caro Baroja, Julio. Los pueblos de 1643. Castro, Américo. La realidad his-. Espafia. Barcelona, 1946. 495 p. illus., t6rica de Espafia. 2. ed. rev. México, maps, bibl. (Coleccion historica Laye

1962. 479 p. illus., bibl. (Biblioteca _ 5).

Porrtia 4) Theregional prehistoric, earlydescribed historic, and modern peoples . " ; , and cultures, by the most eminent An English translation was published under the title contemporary Spanish anthropologist, with sections ne structure of Spanish mstory feather 1954). on house types, methods of farming and stock-raising,

Provocative, controversial existentialist interpre- — ,ooular customs, and general folklore. tation of Spanish civilization as determined in the ; oo, Middle Ages by the vital interplay of Islamic, Jew- 1650. Dias, Antonio J. Bosquejo historico

ish andand venauan elements. Largely basedimaginative ppon hit da etnografia portuguesa. rary philological sources; hypothe“1a: 2RPF. ee Supleqe ses that frequently underestimate the originality mento bibliografico. v. 2, 1952: I I 16.

and strength of Ibero-Christian thought and institu. “ USeful sketch, especially valuable for its descriptive

tions bibliography of publications on Portuguese ethnology, 1939-1951. 1644. Ganivet, Angel. Idearium espanol y

el provenir de Espana. 5. ed. Madrid, Oot, vostery George ve eure ane

1957. 181 p.(Coleccién Austral 139). 1960. 179 1 P bibl tt a0

A celebrated analysis, first published in 1897, of the . p. 1 lUS., Map, D101. enner-

characteristic traits of the Spaniard and his civiliza- Gren Foundation for Anthropological tion, which has deeply affected historical interpreta- Research. Viking Fund publications in

ton. anthropology 27).

1645. Godinho, Vitorino Magalhaes. A his- An anthropological description of the Spanish cultoriogratia portuguesa. RHSP. v. 10, Inevitably limited by inadequate monograph studies

. . ture from which that of the New World was drawn.

1955: 3-21 . a of sixteenth-century society on both sides of the At-

Appraises major twentieth-century historians only. lantic; informative chapters on urban and village Pending publication of a comprehensive historio- layout, farming and herding practices, techniques of graphical work for Portugal, the best guides are hunting and fishing, popular religious customs, and

histories of literature and culture. the folklore of birth, marriage, and death. 1646. Sanchez-Albornoz y Menduifia, Clau- 1652. Gallop, Rodney. Portugal: a book of

dio. Espana, un enigma historico. 2. ed. folk-ways. Cambridge, 1936. 291 p.

B.A., 1962. 2 v. illus. bibl.

The basic formative elements in Spain’s (primarily Less substantial than Braga but informative on traCastile’s) historical evolution, chiefly in the Middle — ditional beliefs, customs, folklore, and music.

2,.

154 BACKGROUND 1653. Lapeyre, Henri. Géographie de |’Es- The standard authority but primarily given to descrippagne morisque. Paris. 1959. 304 p. tion of engagements; disappointing on warships, fleet

; ? command system, convoy methods, or general naval

: II- ' ~ .

maps, bibl. (Ecole Pratique des Hautes administration. Volumes 2-9 have title: Armada Etudes, 6 Section. Centre de Recherches espanola desde la union de los reinos de Castilla y de

Historiques. Démographie et sociétés Aragén.

Cone about the expulsions from 1609 on, but il 1660. Garcia Gallo, Alfonso. Curso de hisluminating many features of Morisco numbers, dis- toria del derecho espanol. 5. ed. Madrid,

tribution, and importance in sixteenth-century Spain. 1950. 2 v. in 3 pts.

; The most authoritative modern guide. V. 1, historical

1654. Mello, Jose Leite de Vasconcellos formation of Spanish law, legal sources, public law: Pereira de Etnografia portuguesa Lis- v. 2, history of private, criminal, and trial law.

boa, 1933-1958. 4 v. illus., maps. 1661. Ibarra y Rodriguez, Eduardo. Los

The standard authority, strongly historical in ap- precedentes de la Casa de Contratacién proach. V. 1, with extensive bibliography, reviews de Sevilla. RI. v. 2, enero-marzo: 85sources and geography scholarship by in the field;including v. 2-3, physical 97: abr.-jun.: 5-54: jul.—set.: and human region, Madeiras » ar. Jun.. - s JUD SEL.5-38 398. and Azores: v. 4, formation of the Portuguese people, Useful as the only study but the subject demands with lengthy sections on Jews, Moors, Negroes, and Ore Investigation, especially of the Portuguese Casa

other ethnic elements. | da Guiié, here identified as the chief though not sole

, ; model! for the Spanish trade and emigration control

1655. Mols, Roger. Introduction a la démo- © bureau.

eraphie historique des villes d'Europe du 1662, Lalinde Abadia, Jesiis. La institucion xIv" aux xvi" siecle. Gembloux, 1954~ ——virreinal en Catalufia, 1471-1716. Bar-

1956. 3 v. bibl. (Universite de Louvain. celona, 1964. 669 p. (Instituto Espanol Recueil de travaux d’histoire et de philo- de Estudios Mediterraneos. PublicaA logie. + ser. |~3). th valuabl and bib ciones sobre historia).

lio cat hv on Iberian demozr shy. © pages ane ol" The rise, development, and attributes of the most

graphy grapny. important of the Crown of Aragon viceroyalties, the

1656. Teran, Manuel de, ed. Geografia de possible prototype of those of the Indies. Includes

Espana y Portugal. Barcelona, [1952-], documents.

5 v. to date. illus., bibl. 1663. Lalinde Abadia, Jesus. Virreyes y

The best general work, by various specialists. V. 1—2. lugartenientes medievales en la Corona

fP al. 7 - : Co,

physical and plant geography of Spain: v. 4, Spanish de Aragén. Cuadernos de historia de

regional human geography: v. 5, by Orlando Ribeiro, Espafia. v. 31-32, 1960: 98-172 physical and human geography of Portuga The commencement of the Iberian virreinato in 1397, its use in the Crown of Aragon territories, and its 6. Institutions: Political, Legal Military merger with the older offices of lugarteniente general

? , and capitan general.

1657. Barros, Henrique aa Gama. Sistora 1664. Lopez Olivan, José. Repertorio di-

da administragao pub Ica em Oe plomatico espanol. Indice de los tratados

nos seculos xia xv. 2. ed. Lisboa, 1945 ajustados por Espafia (1125-1935) y de

indispencable “as edited by Torquato de Sousa Soares otros documentos internacionales. Ma-

for all study of Brazilian antecedents. This justly drid, 1944, 671 p. (Instituto Francisco celebrated key work treats royal, aristocratic, and de Vitoria. Coleccion de fuentes de municipal government, law, the Cortes, the military derecho internacional | ).

orders, social classes, land tenures, agriculture, in- A chronological catalog of Spanish treaties with the

dustry, and commerce. papacy, Euv spean states, and Muslim rulers: summary 1658. Caetano, Marcelo. Ligdes de histéria of content w:th bibliography. a do direito portugués... Coimbra, 1962. 1665. Minguijon Adrian, Salvador. Historia

268 p. del der2zcho espanol. 4. ed. rev. Barce-

Pending appearance of a satisfactory history of Por- lona, [1953]. 495 p. bibl. (Coleccion tuguese law, this superior textbook can be used as a Lab 131-133)

idetoto medieval and early abor, 131 than of law as such but guide thethe medieval and early modern periods.mod More iod a history of institutions

1659. Fernandez Duro, Cesareo. Armada _ with adequate attention to the development of legisespafiola desde la unidn de los Reinos [aon and custom on many subjects.

de Castilla y de Leon. Madrid, 1895- 1666. Mox6, Salvador de. La alcabala: sus

1903. 9 v. illus. origenes, concepto y naturaleza. Madrid,

EUROPEAN & AFRICAN ANTECEDENTS 15S 1963. 216 p. The financial branch of the Portuguese monarchy,

A meticulous study of this important sales tax from S!Xteenth to eighteenth centuries, viewed in terms of the thirteenth through the eighteenth century, with ts administrative cadres and functioning within the much incidental information on royal and seigneurial 20Vvernmental bureaucracy.

fiscal powers and privileges. Includes documents. 1674. Rocha, Manuel A. Coelho da. Ensaio

1667. Oliveira Franca, Eduardo d’. O poder sobre a historia do governo e da legisreal em Portugal as origens do absolu- lacao de Portugal para servir de intro-

tismo. BFCL, v. 68, 1946. ducao ao estudo do direito patrio. 7. ed.

The growth of royal power as reflected in the medieval Coimbra, 1861. 247 p. evolution of the officials and machinery of the central — Portuguese legislation is studied as a background for

administration. modern Brazilian law. [M.K.]

1668. Palomeque Torres, Antonio. Contri- 1675. Sanchez-Albornoz y Menduiiia, Clau-

bucion al estudio del ejercito en los dio. Estudios sobre las instituciones meestados de la reconquista. AHDE. v. 15, dievales espafiolas. México, 1965. 829 p.

1944: 205-351. bibl. (Universidad Nacional Aut6noma de

Heavily jurianca’ heiptw on nature ofand royal ane México. InstitutoPar de Investigaciones Hismunicipal military obligations army organization .: in medieval Castile, but omits weapons and tactics. toricas. Serie de historia general 5). , ; . Assembles fourteen published essays by this leading 1669. Pérez Bustamente, Ciriaco. Sobre los authority, relating chiefly to the behetrias and other precedentes del virreinato colombino. aspects of feudal and seigneurial institutions.

RI. v. 12, no. 48, abr.~jun., 1952: 241— 1676. Santarem, Manuel F. de Barros, 2. 248. visconde de., ed. Quadro elementar das Admitting Crown of Aragon influence but affirming relacdes politicas e diplomaticas de Porthe primarily Castilian origin of the Columban and, by tugal Paris. 1842-1876. 18 v.in 13 impucation, subsequent American viceroyalties. An annual register, from the twelfth century, of trea-

1670. Pérez Embid, Florentino. El Almi- ties and correspondence of the Portuguese monarchy. rantazgo de Castilla, hasta las Capitula- Organized by countries: v. 1-2, Spain to 1815; v. 3,

ciones de Santa Fe. AEA. v. 1, 1944; France to 1600; ete.

1-170. 1677. Santos, Carlos Tavares Affonso dos.

The general evolution of the admiral’s office in Cas- Portugal militar, compendio de historia tile, with a biographical catalog of incumbents from militar e naval de Portugal. Lisboa, 1931. the thirteenth century, which shows how its rights, 710 p. the new. Abrivileges, ane ones Ox ere reproduced to Chiefly military, and with some attention to PortuColumbus Mirantazgo Gel Nar Uceano conceded [0 guese army organization and weapons.

1671. Portugal. Laws, statutes, etc. Codigo 1078. sP ae ee Statutes, ete. nes cor

Philippino; ou Ordenacoes e leis do reino 8 P oe ; y

; Manuel M. Yanez Rivadeneyra, ed. 2. de Portugal, recopiladas por mandado . ~ del d. Phil | 14 ed d ed. Madrid, 1872-1873. 12 v. el-rey a. Ilppe |. ed. segun O 4 The standard edition of the principal royal codes of primeira de I 603 e a nona de Coimbra de the Middle Ages and the Early Modern period.

nee Adicionado com diversas notas 1679. Valdeavellano y Arcinis, Luis Garcia

P Ch dide Mendes d Almeida Rio. de. Les liens de vassalité et les immu1870 xxviii | 487 4 _ CGA. NIO, nités en Espagne. /n Société Jean Bodin The Portuguese legislation of the fifteenth and six- pour histoire comparatif des instituteenth centuries through the reign of Philip II (1 of tions: Les liens de vassalite et les immuPortugal). Basic for Brazilian law and institutions. nites. 2. ed. Bruxelles, 1958. 280 p. (/ts Recueils 1). 1672. Portugal. Laws, statutes, etc. Col- A compact assessment of the problems of vassalage lecgao chronologica da legislagao POr- and the peculiarly Spanish forms of feudal or quasituguesa compilada e anotada por José _ feudal institutions.

oo. , p.

Teas ess (andrade e Silva. Lisboa, 1689, Vance, John T. The background of - tN. Hispanic-American law: legal sources A monumental source for Portuguese laws, many of d juridical 1j f Spain. N. Y

them important for Brazilian history. [M.K.] 1943. 9960. iterature of Spain. N. Y.,

1673. Rau, Virginia. A Casa dos Contos. An extensive bibliographical guide, taking up in de-

Coimbra, 1951. 528 p. illus. tail the principal Spanish law codes between the Visi-

156 BACKGROUND gothic era and the Novisima Recopilacién of 1805. tions, notably in the Anuario de la Asociacién FranAbundant information on editions, commentaries, cisco de Vitoria and other imprints of this society; and juridical literature, to be supplemented after 1937 valuable for its commentary on theories of human

from AHDE. rights, just war, the State, etc.

1681. Vicens Vives, Jaime. Precedentes 1687. Vanderpol, Alfred. La doctrine schomediterraneos del virreinato colombino. lastique du droit de guerre. Paris, 1919.

AEA. v. 5, 1948: 571-614. 534 p.

A forceful documented statement in a continuing con- Discusses at length the doctrines of just war as detroversy, defending the viceregal institutions of the veloped on the basis of scriptural and patristic texts Crown of Aragon as the ancestors of the American’ im the later Middle Ages and the sixteenth century.

viceroyalties. Much space ts given to extracts from, and commen. . taries Vitoria Suarez. 1682. Walser,. Fritz. Die upon, spanischen Zen-and P mon ane? tralbehorden und der Staatsrat Karls _. V.... Gottingen, 1959. xxxv, 291 p. bibl. 8. Cities Abhangungen ee “Kader oer wie 1688. Albi, Fernando. El corregidor en el Ne cteyr aKlasse. ole Oe5.I 43) - municipio espafiol la 323 monarquia abistorische Folge, no. : soluta. Madrid,bajo 1943. p.

The pareauicratic qmachinery of government In ae The origins, function, and broad powers of this key pera Gere me eve dies ter Che leo councils, agent of the crown in Castilian municipal government including that of the Indies, under Charles V. from the Catholic Kings to the Cortes of Cadiz.

7. Political Thought 1689. Caetano, Marcelo. A administracgao

- municipal de Lisboa durante a 1?. dinas-

1683. Hamilton, Bernice. Political thought tia (1170-1383). RLDL. v. 7, 1950: 5in sixteenth-century Spain: a study of the 112: v. 8, 1951: 149-212. Separately, political ideas of Vitoria, De Soto, Sua- Lisboa, 1951. 179 p.

rez, and Molina. Oxford, 1963. 201 p. This describes officials and administrative machinery bibl. in two leading medieval Portuguese municipalities. A meticulous examination of theories of natural law, s . law and the State, monarchy, Church and State, in- 1690. Carande Thobar, Ramon. Sevilla,

ternational law, New World colonial theory, and just fortaleza y mercado. AHDE. v. 2, 1925: war. Tends to underestimate Spanish contributions 233-401. to the foundation of international law, but touches on Documented analysis of late medieval economic con-

various topics relevant to imperialism and native ditions, concejo organization, urban military system,

rights. and demographic structure in what became Spain’s P chief link with the Indies and a prototype of early

samiento politico del Renacimiento. ; ; Madrid, 1960. 332 p. 1691. Font y Rius, José M. Les villes dans

1684. Maravall, Jose A. Carlos V y. el pen- Hispano-American municipal institutions.

Primarily concerned with the much discussed concept "Espagne du moyen age. Histoire de of a universal empire based upon Spain as held by leurs institutions admunistratives et juCharles Vand by various theorists sympathetic oF diciaires. In Société Jean Bodin pour

estimates of the importance of the concept. Roo 6 Bra ae \ oes es OOS, 1685. Sanchez Agesta, Luis. El concepto secucils DIUXEHES,institutions. 175%, P. £0 . a Basic magistracies and0. administrative

del estado en el pensamiento espanol ; del siglo xvi. Madrid, 1959. 192 p. 1692. Maravall, José Antonio. Las comuni-

A compact essay on the vigorous Spanish school of dades de Castilla, una primera revolu-

political thinkers who were developing from medieval cion moderna. Madrid, [ 1963]. 252 p. premises influential concepts of international order, The famous Comunero uprising of 1520-1521, in-

the bases of political authority, the powers and limits _ terpreted as an urban constitutional revolution against

of government, and the ethical ends of the State. monarcho-seigneurial absolutism. Revealing on con-

. . flicts within the Castilian town in the key period of

1686. Scott, J “a i s B. The Sp anish origin of overseas urban foundation. Previous interpretations International law. Francisco de Vitoria are ably reviewed in Joseph Pérez, Pour une nouvelle and his law of nations. Oxford and Lon- _ interprétation des “Comunidades” de Castille. BH. don, 1934. clviii, 288 p. (Publications of — v- 65, juil.-dec., 1963: 238-283.

the Carnegie Endowment for Interna- a tional Peace. Division of international 1693. Marques, Antonio H. R. de Oliveira.

law). A sociedade medieval portuguesa. As-

Needing to be supplemented by subsequent publica- pectos de vida quotidiana. Lisboa, 1964.

EUROPEAN & AFRICAN ANTECEDENTS 157 301 p. illus., bibl. sumen historico del urbanismo en Es-

Describes, particularly for the later Middle Ages, pana. Madrid, 1954. 227 p. illus., maps.

food, dress, the home, hygiene and health, courtship Urban topography, including town layout, public and marriage, work, popular religion, general culture, buildings, ‘“‘plazas mayores,” markets, etc. P. 3-107, amusements, and funeral practices. A scholarly treat- the Middle Ages (Torres Balbds); p. 110-148, the ment with abundant bibliography, in a poorly culti- Habsburg epoch(L. Cervera). vated field.

1694. Palm, Erwin W. Los origenes del 9. Seigneurial-Regalist Conflict urbanismo imperial en América. /n Con-

tribuciones a la historia municipal de 1701. Benito Ruano, Eloy. Toledo en el America. Mexico, 1951. p. 239-268. In- siglo xv: vida politica. Madrid, 1961. stituto Panamericano de Geografia e 327 p. bibl. (Escuela de Estudios MeHistoria. Publicacion 100. Comision de dievales. Estudios 35). Historia 14. Estudios de historia 2). A case history in urban aristocratic factionalism and

The controversial origins and early transplantation royal efforts to control municipal government and

across the Atlantic of the grid-pattern town. urban seigneurialism.

1695. Pike, Ruth. Seville in the sixteenth 1702. Chamberlain, Robert S. Castilian century. HAHR. v. 41, Feb., 1961: 1-30. backgrounds of the repartimiento-enco-

A portion of a major work in progress on the city and mienda. /n Carnegie Institution of Wash-

ments may be found in _v. 22, i ; - . . 378: BHR. v. 39, no. 4, 1965. 439-465. ey iene and history 5. Washington,

its cone iOS it tae cies ene eo ag. ington. Contributions to American an. p. 19-66. 1696. Ricard, Rober t. Recherches sur la A comparative study of these terms as employed on toponymie urbaine du Portugal et de _ both sides of the Atlantic, bringing out significant l’Espagne. BH. v. 66, 1954: 133-166. similarities and differences and tracing the complex Predominantly devoted to Portugal: the “rossio,” links to feudal-seigneurial practices in late medieval “rua direita,” and other central features of municipal Castile. Extensive bibliography.

topography, illustrated by Coimbra, Santarem, Lis- 1703, Garcia Caraffa, Alberto and Arturo.

bon, and other towns. Enciclopedia herdldica y genealégica 1697. Rodrigues, Maria T. Campos. As- hispanoamericana. Madrid, 1919-1963. pectos da administracgao municipal de Lis- 88 Vv.

boa no século xv. RML. v. 25. nos. 2-3 V. 1-2, general principles; v. 3 ff., alphabetical cata-

1964 ° > log of families, with abundant historical data.

Detailed study of the governmental structure of the 1704. Guilarte, Alfonso Maria. El] régimen Portuguese capital in the dawning age of the discov- sefiorial en el siglo xvi. Madrid. 1962

eries: the municipal role of the Casa dos e 505 Historia p. (Colpolitica). - ; : re : Quatro;the the camara; multitudinous executive, ju- )Vinte p. \Coleccion

dicial, and financial officials and their functions. Essential for understanding conquistador and sei-

gneurial aims in the Indies. The definition and estab-

1698. Saez, Emilio, et al., eds. Los fueros lishment of sefiorios; associated powers of governde Septilveda. Segovia, 1953. 921 p. ment and justice; sources of revenue; relations with maps, bibl. (Publicaciones historicas de royal authority; and late sixteenth-century decline.

la Excma. Diputacion Provincial de Se- 1705. Suarez Fernandez, Luis. Nobleza y

govia 1. Serie 1. Coleccién de documen- monarquia: puntas de vista sobre la

tos para la historia de Segovia I). historia castellana del siglo xv. Valla-

The elaborate edition and historical study of a great dolid, 1959. 173 p. (Facultad de Filo-

fomreenth centuryinformation Castilian municipal code. sofia y Letras .de la Universidad de with abundant on thelaw evolution, content,

and juridical character of the customary and local law Valladolid. Estudios y documentos. that bulks large in royal codes and municipal ordi- Cuadernos de historia medieval 15). nances on both sides of the Atlantic. Important on The rise to supreme political position and eventual structure of town government in later medieval Cas- defeat of the Castilian aristocracy between the civil

tile. wars of 1350-1369 and 1474. The great noble houses, the factional alignments, the aristocratization of Cas-

1699. Soares, Torquato Brochado de Sousa. _ tile, and royal victory under Isabel the Catholic.

Subsidios para o estudo da organisacao

municipal de cidade do Pérto durante a 10. Economy, General Idade-Media. Barcelos. 1935. 180 p. bibl. 1 79¢. Azevedo, Joao L. de. Epocas de Por-

1700. Torres Balbas, Leopoldo, et al. Re- tugal econdémico, esbocos de _ historia.

158 BACKGROUND 2. ed. Lisboa, 1947. 478 p. 1712. Nadal Oller, Jorge. La revolucion de

The standard general work, with extensive medieval los precios espanoles en el siglo xvi. and cary modern chapters: lacking in depth some: Estado actual de la_ cuestién. what antiquated in scholarship and artifically sche. _ : H. v. 19, matized according to agrarian, African, Indian, gold, Oct. Dec., 1959: 503 529. illus.

sugar, . i:and other : ,conarguments for revisioncycles. of certain of his a leading

A formidable critique of Hamilton that marshals the

1707. Azevedo, Joao L. de. A evolucao do clusions.

Sebastianismo. 2. ed. Lisboa, 1947. 14713, Vicens Vives, Jaime. Manual de hisDrm largely upon literary sources and therefore toria economica de Espana. 3. ed. Barpoor on the social and political roots of Sebastianism celona, 1704. ze P illus., nh ee} bibl. between the sixteenth century and Pombal: but serves "7 h € sat SISO ho vy in the rh Valuable to chart millenarianism the persistent survival in the of a ‘Sights, the remo,reconquest a onty i Me He aluabic popular transmitted to metropolis Brazil. sections on demography: colonization:

prices and the price revolution; money and banking:

1708. Carande Thobar. Ramon. Carlos V y agriculture and stock raising: and labor, industry, and

1: domestic and sus banqueros. Madrid, [1943-1949],

foreign trade.

2 v. illus., maps, bibl. . es Spanish economy in genera] under Charles V. V. | ‘

A masterly, archive-based study that reviews the 11. Land, Agriculture and Stock Raising

treats demography, the agrarian sectors, industry, 1714. Bennassar, Bartolome. Valla dolid au money and prices, banking and fairs, the merchant siecle d’or, une ville de Castille et Sa marine, and connections with the Indies. V. 2, on the Campagne au xvi siecle. Paris, 1967. Hacienda Real de Castilla, deals thoroughly with the 635 p. illus., maps, bibl. arco, central Hnancral Seed to Its petnods Primarily a social and economic reconstruction of the ° h elicit Hnancing, and the ved. old types of tax and — y-e-Madrid Spanish capital, which treats both urban

other revenue sources It enjoyed. center and surrounding countryside. Population 1709. Hamilton, Earl J. American treasure changes, food supply, agrarian and industrial structh .? uti revolution ‘n Spain. 1501— and pricebourgeois, movements, land speculation, andd the price in Spain, tures, I5 andwage the aristocratic, bureaucratic, peasant, 1650. Cambridge, Mass., 1934. 428 p. and artisan classes. Broadly suggestive of Castilian illus., map, bibl. (Harvard economic urban problematics in the era of transoceanic transfer.

studies 43). 00 1715. Bishko, Charles J. The peninsular

Celebrated both for its unique compilation of con- background of Latin American cattle

temporary evidence and forceful conclusions corre- hi»HAHR 32, N 1952: lating bullion imports with movements of prices, rancning. WV. 32, INOV., D2! wages, and money. Despite often serious criticisms, 491-515. . . it remains the repository of data and interpretations An initial effort to examine the relatively neglected

around which all discussion centers. Spanish cattle industry of the Middle Ages as imporbe tant in metropolitan pastoral economy and as the 1710. Klaveren, Jacob van. Europaische _ influential prototype of cattle ranching in the Ameri-

Wirtschaftsgeschichte Spaniens im 16. 4s. und 17. Jahrhundert. Stuttgart, 1960. 1716. Ibarra y Rodriguez, Eduardo. E! 286 p. bibl. (Forschungen zur Sozial- problema cerealista en Espafia durante

und Wirtschaftsgeschichte 2). el reinado de los Reyes Catélicos, 1475-

under the S S, sizin still . ,

An ademeable saucy . Pan phechnine Cactliag and 1516. Madrid, 1944. 187 p. bibl. (InstiBasque connections with northern Europe and the tuto Sancho de Moncada. Publicaciones. impact of American treasure and trade upon the Serie C. Historia de las doctrinas e in-

metropolis.a .stituciones econémicas 1). Of limited value, for assessing the importance of

1711. Marques, Antonio H. R. de Oliveira. cereal agriculture in the national economy or for the Ensalos de historia medieval portuguesa. Indies export trade, but important information from Lisboa, 1965. 307 p. (Coleccao Portu- archival sources on the techniques of grain growing,

Alia. Historia milling bread production, the grainmeasures. trade, and the galla. . . ; tasa1)and otherand governmental regulatory

Reprints seven substantial articles on socioeconomic

themes, such as the main lines of medieval Portuguese 1717. Klein, Julius. The Mesta: a study in

social stratification in medieval Lisbon, the Portu- .

economic erowth. demographic ructure ba. 1300. Spanish economic history, 1273-1836. guese factory in fifteenth-century Flanders, and medie- Cambridge, Mass., 1920. 444 P. illus.,

val Portuguese monetary evolution. Exceptionally map, bibl. (Harvard economic studies

valuable also for extensive footnote listing of perti- 21).

nent bibliography. Under the heads of organization, judiciary, taxation,

EUROPEAN & AFRICAN ANTECEDENTS 159 and pasturage, this classic study of the transhumant Additional evidence and bibliography confirming sheep industry emphasizes the persisting antagonism the Rau-Diffie view of Portuguese commercial organibetween pastoral agricultural interests, and the zation in the era of the discoveries.

Crown’s role in Mesta administration and responsi- . . bility in the defeat of farming. In need of revision, but 1724. Verlinden, Charles. Le grand domaine

still basic and. with bibliography. dans les de tas Roe cnetens au . . -indispensable moyen age. in ecuells la Societe 1718. Lagos Trindade, Maria J. A vida pas Jean Bodin 4: Le domaine. Wetteren,

toril o pastoreio em Portugal _ culose xii a xvi. Lisboa, 1962.nos 129se-1949. p. 177-208. ;

. “e ’ . P- An introductory attempt, much better on the earlier

mimeo. map, bibl. . Middle Ages than, understandably, the poorly inves-

Although primarily concerned with sheep rather than tigated subject of Luso-Hispanic latifundial expansion cattle, this investigation of livestock raising, trans- between the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries.

humancy, and pastoral organization throws light upon .

the Portuguese background of Brazilian pastoralism. 1725. Verlinden, Charles. Quelques aspects

de Vhistoire de la tenure au Portugal.

1719. Perreira, Henrique Gomes de Amo- —[n, Recueils de la Société Jean Bodin 3:

rim. Historia do agucar em Portugal. Lis- —_—_La tenure. Bruxelles, 1938. p. 231-243.

boa, 1952. 300 p. A. v. 7, t. 1. A brief but lucid explanation of medieval Portuguese Covers sugar production and the trade, from the ori- _—_ aristocratic landholding and of the nature of peasant gins to the end of the eighteenth century, for both the — tenures and rents.

metropolis the Viiias AtlanticMey, islands. .~ P oo _. and 1726. Carmelo. El problema de 1720. Rau, Virginia. Sesmarias medievais la tierra en la Espafia de los siglos xviportuguesas. Lisboa, 1946. 214 p. bibl. xvii. Madrid, 1941. 242 p.

The evolution of land grants involving obligatory The Spanish land system in terms of juridicofiscal crop farming as a major instrument of royal interior problems of ownership concentration, the mortgage colonization subsequently found in the Brazilian system, financial exactions imposed upon land uses, capitanias. The sesmeiros and land allotment: the role and seventeenth-century efforts to offset abandonof the concelho; the post-Black Death food crisis; ment of land through colonization schemes. the Lei das Sesmarias of 1375; and the vigorous pro-

motion of Sesmarias under early Avis os Includes documents. 12.the Industry andkings. Mining 1721. Rau, Virginia, and Bailey W. Diffie. 1727. Bejarano Robles, Francisco. La in-

Alleged fifteenth-century Portuguese dustria de la seda en Malaga durante el jointstock companies and the articles of siglo xvi. Madrid, 1951. 294 p. (InstiDr. Fitzler. BIHR. v. 26, Nov., 1953; tuto de Economia Sancho de Moncada.

- t ts.

181-199. [ Publicaciones] Serie C. Historia econ6-

Corrects often-encountered erroneous concepts of mica 4 [i.e., 5]).

the Portuguese trading company, while supplying One of the rare studies in Spanish industrial history useful data on the Portuguese fishing, cork, and of the period. The rise, craft guild structure, and special

mining industries. tax obligations of an industry with early New World

1722. Salomon, Noel. La campagne de Nou- counsetpas ; ; oe,

velle Castille a la fin du xvi® siécle 1728. Gonzalez, Tomas. Noticia historica d’aprés les Relaciones topogrdficas. documentada de las célebres minas de Paris, 1965. 379 p. illus., maps, bibl. Guadalcanal. Madrid, 1831.2v. _

(Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes — vi‘ One of the few significant studies of the cixteenth-

. Centre de Recherches His- century metropo itan aw and organization t at under-

oriques. Les hommes et la terre Y). : .

secon. les h 9) lay Spanish mining practices in the Indies.

Based upon extensive data from the royal question- 1729. Klein, Julius. Medieval Spanish guilds. naires of 1575 and 1578, and illuminating as never In Facts and factors in economic history.

before the population pattern, agricultural systems, Articles by former students of Edwin land distribution, and seigneurial and royal taxation Francis Gay. Cambridge, Mass., 1932.

+: p. 164-188. illus. decades of Philip IT. . ae -. in this major region during the nationally crucial later _ , ,

Summarizes the principal types and characteristics

1723. Verlinden, Charles. La colonie ita- of the still little-studied craft guild structure of medieval

lienne de Lisbonne et le développement Spanish industry. de l’€conomie métropolitaine et coloniale 1730. Langhans, Franz-Paul de Almeida, portugaise. /m Studi in onore di Armando ed. As corporac6es dos oficios mecaniSapori. Milano, 1957. v. 1, p. 615-628. cos. Lisboa, 1943-1946. 2 v.

illus. A collection of studies by various scholars that con-

160 BACKGROUND stitutes one of the few useful guides to late medieval genovesi nel Mediterraneo. Bologna, and early modern Portuguese industry and craft guilds. 1938. 480 p. map bibl. (Instituto Na-

1731. Maffei, Eugenio, and Ramon Rua zionale de Cultura’ Fascista. Studi Figueroa. Apuntes para una biblioteca giuridici).

espanola de libros, folletos y articulos, The Genoese commercial empire, chiefly in the impresos y manuscritos, relativos al Levant, but with much information on the influential onocimienty |explotacion ‘én de | . techniques of business enterprise and overseas adconocimiento de Jas fl- ministration employed by the Italian republic most guezas minerales . .. Madrid. 1871 closely associated with the initial stages of Luso-

1872.2 Vv. Hispanic Afro-Atlantic expansion.

The unique guide to the as yet little explored field 7 i of Spanish mining history; includes also titles on 1738. Lopez Robert 5.5 and Irving W. Ray Spanish America. mond. Medieval trade in the Mediterranean world. N.Y., 1955. 458 p. bibl.

° studies 52).

13. Commerce (Records of civilization; sources and

1732. Basas-Fernandez, Manuel. El con- primary a cobection documents” ut equally valuableoffor“illustrative its compact commentaries on C5 394 Burgos en el siglo xvi. Madrid, forms of commercial enterprise introduced by Italian

Pp. a businessmen into Luso-Hispanic commercial life

A careful study of the older and principal northern before and during the era of overseas discovery and counterpart of the Consulado established at Seville colonization. Methods of financial exchange, sea

for the Indies trade. loans, commenda contracts, partnerships, insurance, 1733. Diffie, Bailey W. Prelude to empire. °°°OUntns. and the like, are reviewed.

Portugal overseas before Henry the 1739. Pike, Ruth. Enterprise and adventure: Navigator. Lincoln, Neb., 1960. 127 p. the Genoese in Seville and the opening

illus., bibl. of the New World. Ithaca, N.Y., 1966.

An informative introduction to Portugal’s expanding 243 p. illus., bibl.

trade connections with Flanders, England, France, .A detailed, archivally based study, describing Seville

and the Mediterranean as the background for the in the sixteenth century, the city’s functioning as a

discoveries. money market, the prominent Genoese financial . . families and their activities, and the important role of 1738 Finot, Juies. Etude historique sur les entrepreneurial Genoese capital in promoting explorare ations commerciales entre la Flandre tion and mercantile enterprise overseas.

et PEspagne moyen-age. Paris, 1899. oo. _ e o 360 p. 1740.auRau Virginia. A exploracao

Runs through the sixteenth century, with abundant comércio do sal de Setubal: estudo de information on leading merchants, commodities han- historia econdmica. Lisboa, 1951. 206

dled, and methods of commercial enterprise. p. illus., map 1735. Goris, Jan A. Etude sur les colonies The history and economic-political significance of the

marchandes' méridionales (portugais, salt trace with northern europe as aati mo Portuespagnols, italiens) a Anvers de 1488 a e000. antic commerce trom the Migale Ages 10

1567. Louvain, 1925. 702 p. (Univer- ae _

sité Catholique Louvain. Receuil des 1741. Rau, Virginia. Subsidios para o estudo

travaux publiés, ser. 2, fasc. 4). das feiras medievais portuguesas. Lis-

A thorough study of the important Portuguese and boa, 1943. 180 p. maps, bibl.

Spanish mercantile communities in Antwerp and else- A catalog of the numerous medieval portuguese fairs,

where in the Low Countries. The financial, industrial, with assessment of their function in internal and and commercial operations of Luso-Hispanic capital- _ foreign trade. ism and its international connections.

1736. Lapeyre, Henri. Une famille de mar- 172. Reitzer, Tadisias F Some opserva-

chands: les Ruiz. Paris, 1955. 671 p. “a the sixteen th century, ME y 30

plates, maps, bibl. (Centre de Recherches Sept.. 1960: 213-223 y. _

Historiques. Affairesreview et gens of d’affaires 8). problems Pl. ” i . : ; A compact economic and the An exhaustive eae banking aientanaes hatefamily great Spans principal relevant literature, cantile and ofTLthe time o ilip II, ‘ which touches on agriengaged largely im Franco Spanish tade put exempl SUM, industry, trade, finance and general economy

fying the grand-bourgeois ethic and commercial and Brapny. financial methods of the more obscure Indies traders 1743. Smith, Robert S. The Spanish guild

. . merchant. A history of the Consulado,

1737. Lopez, Robert S. Storia delle colonie 1250-1700. Durham, N.C., 1940. 167 p.

EUROPEAN & AFRICAN ANTECEDENTS 161 bibl. (Duke University publications). 1751. Caro Baroja, Julio. Los moriscos del

An excellent analysis of the organization and func- Reino De Granada. Madrid, 1957. 305 p.

tioning, between the thirteenth and seventeenth cen- An outstanding reconstruction of Granadan Morisco turies, of the mercantile Consulados of Mediterranean society, its organization, economic structure, religious

Spain and such northern examples as Burgos and practices, and the causes of the great uprising of

Bilbao, that were the models for the Indies-oriented 1[568-1570. Consulado of. Seville and Juzgado of Cadiz. . . ed. , 1752. Carreras y Candi, Francisco,

1744. Verlinden, Charles. Italian influences Folklore y costumbres de Espana. Barin Iberian colonization. HAHR. v. 33, celona, 1944-1946. 3 v. illus.

May, 1953: 199-211. . Sections on general folklore, rural customs, the bull-

references. toms.

A set summary, particularly for its bibliographical fight, music, the dance, the home, and religious cus-

1745. Verlinden, Charles. The rise of Span- 1753. Cortés Alonso, Vicenta. La esclavitud

, 1).. ] ;

ish trade in the Middle Ages. EHR. v. 10, en Valencia durante el reinado de los

Feb., 1940: 44-59. Reyes Catdlicos (1479-1516). Valencia,

Sketches internal trade overseas commercial p. bibl. (Publicaciones connections inane northern Europe1964. an546 e Mediter. - is .del.

ranean, with citation of much essential literature. ar Datadios motnersficos nueva Sepa

14. Society A valuable supplement to Verlinden, throwing much , , . . light on conditions in Spain and the Hispano-African

1746. Amador de los Rio Ss, Jose. Histor 1a slave trade, contemporary with the establishment of

soci politica y religiosa de los judios — slavery in America.

187 6 in ae y Portugal. Madrid, 1875— 1754. Defourneaux, Marcelin. La vie quotiReprinted Madrid (1960, 1109 p.). A classic treat- dienne en Espagne au siecle d'or. Paris,

ment, partially superseded for Spain but of continuing 1965 . 283 p. bibl.

value, particularly for Portugal. A reliable panorama, with chapters on Madrid and

1921.518 p. , re

. oo the court, Seville, urban and rural living, festivals and

1747. Azevedo, Joao L. de. Historia dos amusements, woman and the home, and university, christaos novos portugueses. Lisboa, military, and picaresque life.

The Portuguese conversos, chiefly as reflected in Hae. Domingue Orit , antonio. va sociechronicles and literature. Dated and somewhat biased ad espanola en Cl sigiO XVII. acrid, but usable with caution, pending archivally based 1963-. 1 v. to date. 375 p. (Instituto

research. Balmes de Sociologia. Departamento de 1748. Baer, Yitzhak F. A history of the historia social. Monografiashistorico-

Jews in Christian Spain. Philadelphia, abatements ow, |

1961-1966. ? bibl first of this treatise covers - 4 V. Map,The O10}. to installment population history andsignificant the sociology of the nobility

The best general survey, by the most distinguished from the late 1590's on.

Jewish authority on Sephardic history. V..2 describes

the ve oenistence after Nob. 1756. Lévi-Provencal, Evariste.’ Histoire e breakdown growingA etconflicts wi ristian society, the prob. ties in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.

From Ceuta in 1415 to the disaster of 1578; primarily 1834. Baumann, Hans. Les peuples et les

political but some pages treat military, civil, and eco- civilisations de l’Afrique suivi de les

nomic life in the African pracas. langues et I’éducation [par] H. Baumann 1828. Perez Embid, Florentino. Los descu- et D. Westermann. Traduction francaise brimientos en el Atlantico y la rivalidad par L. Homburger. Préf. de Theodore

168 BACKGROUND Monod. Paris, 1962. 605 p. illus., maps. gola; and v. 4, Mogambique, India, Macau, and Timor.

‘ (Bibliotheque scientifique). 1842. Herskovits, Melville J. Dahomey: an n outstanding authority, basic for the peoples, lan- ancient West African kingdom. N.Y.., guages, structure, religious beliefs, andtrade econ- to 938America. 2v. ill omy ofsocial areas affected by the slave | 7° V. HEUS. . . ;

oo , A classic description of traditional familial, socio-

1835. Blake, John W. European beginnings — economic, political, religious, and artistic institutions,

in West Africa, 1454-1578: a survey of beliefs, and practices in a West African region imthe first century of white enterprise in portant for Afro-Brazilian continuities.

West Africa, with special emphasis upon 1843. Lobato, Alexandre. A expansao por-

d for th ieS.

the rivalry of the great powers. London, tuguesa em Mocambique de 1498 a

1937. 212 p. maps, bibl. 1530. Lisboa, 1954-1960. 4 v.

Important for Portuguese and Spanish military, com- A substantial work, heavily political but with some mercial, and colonizing efforts in a principal staging data in v. | on commercial feitorias and missions.

ground’ for the Indies a 1844. Murdock, George P. Africa, its peo1836. Cornevin, Robert. Histoire des peu- ples and their culture history. N.Y., ples de l’Afrique noire. 3. ed. Paris, 1963. 1959. 456 p. illus., maps, bibl. 715 p. illus., maps, bibl. A. socioanthropological study throwing much light

publication. ss .

An ethnohistorical survey, emphasizing West Africa, upon African customs, governmental systems, and of tribal states, kingdoms, and cultures. Informative pastoral and agricultural practices passing over to on older literature, current controversies, and recent Latin America.

o. 1845. Rego, Antonio da Silva. Portuguese

1837. Cuvelier, Jean. L’ancien royaume du colonization in the sixteenth century: a Congo: fondation, découverte, premiere study of the royal ordinances (regimenevangélisation de ancien royaume de tos). Johannesburg, 1959. 116 p. (PubliCongo, regne du grand roi Affonso Mir- cation of the Ernest Oppenheimer Insti-

emba Nzinga. Bruges, 1946. 361 p. tute of Portuguese Studies of the Univer-

illus., maps, bibl. sity of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg

The Portuguese discovery of the Congo region, rela- 1). tions with its rulers, and the beginnings of evangeli- 4 brief introduction to Portugueseecolonizing techzation, in a period contemporary with the develop- niques, with some attention to the African experi-

ment of Brazil. ence.

1838. Delgado, Ralph. Historia de Angola. 1846, Rotberg, Robert I. A political history

maps. ,

2. ed. Benguela, 1948-1955. 4 v. illus., of tropical Africa. N.Y., 1965. 440 p.

maps, bibl. — | illus., maps, bibl. A general history; Vv. 1-2, covering: 1482-1648, Pay Useful on prevailing political conditions in West and some attention also to Angolan ties with Brazil. East Africa during the epoch of Portuguese explora-

1839. Dias, Gastao Sousa. Os portugueses tion an trade. Bibliography extensive but lacking

em Angola. Lisboa, 1959. 329 p. illus., @™70tao":

A broad survey, 1482-1815, which touches also upon 23. Atlantic Islands

connections with Brazil. 1847. Arruda, Manuel Monteiro Velho, ed.

1840. Dominguez Ortiz, Antonio. La escla- Coleccao de documentos relativos ao vitud en Castilla durante la edad moder- descobrimento e povoamento dos Acores.

na. EHSE. v. 2, 1952: 367-428. Ponta Delgada, 1932. clxxxiii, 247 p.

Largely devoted to sixteenth-century Andalusian slav- illus., maps. ery: sources of supply, numbers and types of slaves, following the substantial historical introduction, economic and social importance, theories of slavery, early documents for the Azorean territorial grants by

and eventual decline. carta de doagao, the donatary powers of government, 1841. Galvao, Henrique, and Carlos Sel- colonization, and other precedents of the Brazilian

vagem. Império ultramarino portugués. ““P - _. a

Lisboa, 1950-1953. 4 v. illus., maps, 1848. Baiao, Antonio, ed. Historia da exbibl. pansao portuguesa no mundo. Lisboa, Modern in emphasis but with historical information 1937-1938. illus., maps. and bibliography on geography, plantation agriculture, An outline of the discovery and annexation of Madeira

and social conditions dating from the era of coloniza- and the Azores is given in v. 1, pt. 2, chapters 4-6. tion. V. 1-2 relate to the Cape Verdes (notably, San- The authors of these chapters are Joao Franco tiago), Guinea, and Sao Tomé e Principe; v. 3, An- | Machado and Jordao de Freitas.

EUROPEAN & AFRICAN ANTECEDENTS 169

-8e:

1849. Boehrer, George C. A. The Francis- donatarios, sugar fazendas, and imported Negro cans and Portuguese colonization in Afri- slaves, anticipate the Brazilian Northeast.

ca and the Atlantic Islands, 1415-1499. 1857. Rodrigues, José J. Catalogo biblio-

TA. v. II, Jan., 1955: 389-403. grafico do Arquipélago da Madeira.

A rapid survey with pertinent bibliography of mis- Funchal, 1950. 206 p.

sionary activities in areas of Portuguese occupation — [ncludes periodical articles as well as books. No com-

prior to the opening up of Brazil. ments on items listed.

1850. Bonnet Reveron, Buenaventura. Las 1g5§ Rumeu de Armas, Antonio. Piraterias

expediciones a las Canarias en el siglo y ataques navales contra las Islas CaXIV. RI. v. 5, 1944: 577-610; v. 6, 1945: arias. Madrid, 1947-1950. 3. v. in 5.

7-31, 189-220, 389-418. illus., maps, bibl.

Genoese, Formupuese, and orcad expeditions Traces the English attacks upon shipping and coastal prior to the spanish conquest, the first bishops of the towns, the forerunners and counterparts of Caribbean Canaries; the earliest missions to the Guanches. raids. V. 3 covers the seventeenth and eighteenth

1851. Canto, Ernesto do. Bibliotheca aco- centuries. riana, v. 2. Noticia bibliographica escrip- 1859. Schiitz, Julius F. Bausteine zu einer

tas macionaes e estrangeiras concer- Bibliographie der Canarischen, Madeirinentes as Ilhas dos Acores. Ponta Del- schen, und Capverdischen Inseln und

gada, 1890. 555 p. der Azoren (bis einschl. 1920). Graz,

Exhaustive to date of publication on the inadequate 1929. 144 p. literature of Azorean settlement and history. Catalogs over 1,300 titles on the Atlantic Archi1852. Godinho, Vitorino Magalhaes. Le Pciagos. but of no help on the important bibliography

probléme du pain dans l’économie por- : ¥: .

tugaise, xv°-xvi° siécles. Blé d’Europe 1860. Wolfel, Josef D. La Curia Romana y

et blé des Iles. RE. v. 12, fascicule 3, | la Corona de Espana en la defensa de

no. 47, sept., 1959: 87-113. los aborigenes canarios. ANTH. v. 25,

The expansion of grain production into the Atlantic 1930: 1011-1083.

Islands, along with various aspects of their economic Ecclesiastical efforts, as in the Indies, to convert a

evolution. primitive people while protecting their rights and 1853. Millares Carlo, Agustin. Historia liberty against exploitation and enslavement.

general de las Islas Canarias. Habana, 1861. Zavala, Silvio A. Las conquistas de

1945. 545 p. Canarias y América: estudio compara-

Chapters on the Spanish claims and conquest, activi- tivo. 7n Estudios indianos. México, 1948

ties of the great on adelantados, and relations with the 949 |—~94 Crown; limited social, religious, or economic as- :li.€., }.p.7 °

t , , 8 and ‘ Illuminating of Canarian precedents PEcis. differencesexamination from, the American conquests as for, re1854. Pérez Voituriez, Antonio. Problemas gards such topics as Spanish titles to dominion, con-

juridicos internacionales de la conquista quistador politica’ ané nd proper Just war, and

de Canarias. La Laguna, Canarias, 1958. S yaneP 296 p. bibl.

The juridical bases of Castilian claims to dominion

in the Canaries, concepts of native rights, methods of evangelization, and similarities and contrasts on these points between the Archipelago and the Indies.

1855. Rau, Virginia, and Jorge de Macedo. O acucar da Madeira nos fins do século xv. Problemas de producao e comércio. Funchal, 1962. 112 p. map.

These two studies describe between them the methods

of sugar production, types of land unit and producer, and the growing export trade that preludes the rise of the industry in northeastern Brazil.

1856. Ribeiro, Orlando. Primordios da

ocupacao das ilhas de Cabo Verde. RELL. v. 21, 2 sér. no. 1, 1955: 92-122.

A significant Luso-tropical experimentation colony;

PART IV. COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA A. Discovery and Exploration CHARLES E. NOWELL

Historical literature good and bad continues to pour forth on the great discoveries and particularly on the part dealing with Latin America. This is in spite of the fact that the archives of European countries most responsible for the discoveries appear to have been virtually exhausted. No one can say that new documentar sources will not appear in the future, but the materials now available are substantially what they were a century ago.

In this section preference is given to works of interpretation that have most recently appeared, with priority awarded to those published since World War II. This policy, however, could not be adhered to entirely. In some cases the intrinsic merit of older studies is so great as to make their inclusion necessary. Some of them cannot be omitted, if only because knowledge of them is indispensable to the understanding of later writings either inspired by them or in opposition to them. Appreciation of the problem inspired by Amerigo Vespucci, for instance, requires an understanding of the work by Alberto Magnaghi on Amerigo, pub-

lished in 1924 and revised in 1926. On the other hand, the Varnhagen and Vignaud studies of Vespucci, valuable in their day, are now seldom drawn on or more than referred to by scholars handling the subject.

Omitted here, also, are accounts of the Norsemen and their unquestionably authentic voyages to North America. The recent publication of the Vinland map has revived interest in these Scandinavian exploits, but only a few extremists have maintained that the Icelanders and Greenlanders visited any region that came to be part of Latin America. The possibility of other pre-Columbus voyages,

to Latin American and other New World places, is today principally maintained by the Portuguese historians, who credit their countrymen with early discoveries that scholars of other nations are more skeptical about accepting. Although they have failed to convince most non-Portuguese, a few of these arguments have been included here in order to show the line of reasoning involved. Although no new document on Columbus has come to light since 1904, biographies of the Admiral have been plentiful, with more probably to come. Holding

the field for more than twenty years, as they still do, are those of Antonio Ballesteros y Beretta (1910) for its encyclopedic qualities and Samuel Eliot Morison (1915) for its author’s nautical understanding. Lacking major importance, but always of interest, is the question of where Columbus made his American landfall in October 1492. Several recent attempts, sometimes to the accompaniment of

DISCOVERY & EXPLORATION 171 yachting expeditions, have been made to solve the old problem and all that can be said by those who have not investigated in situ is that it has not been solved to everyone’s satisfaction. The controversy over Amerigo Vespucci and his importance to the unfolding map of America in his time is, from all appearances, still unsettled. Charges that

Amerigo was a fraud and charlatan, pressed by Edward Gaylord Bourne in a scholarly way and by John Clark Ridpath in more popular writings, have been generally abandoned today except by the Portuguese, and some of the Spanish, writers. But while others agree as to the talents and importance of Amerigo, they

do net achieve consensus on exactly where he explored, or what his capacity aboard ship was, or the number of voyages he made. For example, he may have traversed the entire Gulf of Mexico coast as early as 1497 and, on the other hand,

he may never have seen the Gulf. Holding that he did make such a voyage is Roberto Levillier of Argentina (1986); in opposition are the Italian Giuseppe Caraci (1975) and the Brazilian Tomaz Marcondes de Souza (1971). The controversy did not originate with them, having gone on for well over a century, but they have had something new to add; not of a documentary but of an interpretive nature.

The physical achievement of Ferdinand Magellan is scarcely controversial, except in such matters as his exact route across the Pacific, as well as the precise meaning of a passage or two in the narrative of his companion and chronicler, Pigafetta (2009). There is some uncertainty, however, as to his view of global geography and his specific objective in the East Indies. Closely associated with Magellan as a seaman, though scarcely as a friend, is Juan Sebastian del Cano, who completed the voyage around the world. Except for a few biographical details and the fact that he was a brave captain and a competent navigator, it seems we shall never know much about this man. The two biographies of him listed here (2008, 2011) make the most of what is really scant information. The biographical approach to the great discoveries seems about played out for

the present. Its current practitioners have been at it for a long time; they have positive opinions tending to crystallize as time passes, and they repeat themselves. The editor of the Sao Paulo Revista de Historia, after printing several lengthy exchanges on Vespucci by Caraci and Levillier, and evidently feeling that his readers were tiring of the subject, recently declared their debate, in his review, at an end. Some say that to make significant contributions in the future the historian of the discoveries must become a historian of science. He may do so if he wishes, and

certainly should, but it is doubtful whether this will capture any large segment of the reading public. The leading characters of the discovery era were not very scientific in their own thinking and, besides, there are other approaches. Washburn’s semantic suggestion, included in the bibliography (1897), ts certainly one. Another is the line followed by Leonardo Olschki in several articles and the

book Storia letteraria delle scoperte geografiche, a work omitted from the bibliography because it touches Latin America only slightly. Olschki demonstrates that discoverers and early travelers, time and again, interpreted geography and alien peoples in terms of myth, legend, and fanciful literature familiar to them. Ability to make this approach involves a wide culture, much knowledge of both

sacred and profane literature, and a realization by the historian that what is nonsense to him was by no means ridiculous to the men he is studying. Edmundo

172 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA O’Gorman (1894) has his own interesting thesis about the matter, namely, that America could not be discovered and had to be invented. Whether this has much future for anyone but O’Gorman remains to be seen.

1. Bibliographies This collection included many texts that had not pre-

viously been published and some that have never

1862. Genoa. Biblioteca Berio. Catalogo appeared in Spanish, but unfortunately they are not della raccolta Colombiano. Catalog of always reliable. There were drawn largely from the

1963. 151 p.

the Columbus collection. 2. ed. Boston, Nuno swims made by Juan Bautista

Photo-offset reproduction of the Library’s author , catalog comprising 3,156 cards of books, pamphlets, b. Modern Studies yties. [S.B-] 1867. Almagia, Roberto. L’opera del genio 2. General italiano al’estero. I primi esploratori dell’ America. Roma, 1937. 468 p. illus.,

and analytics. [| S.B. 7 es ; .

g y naa .

a. Sources maps. , ; achievements bach o . . magia reviews the careers and

1863. Hakluyt, Richard. The principal Navi- four Italian explorers: Columbus, Vespucci, the ations, voyages and discoveries of the Cabots, and Verrazano. For Columbus his interpreEnglish nation, made by sea or land, to _ tation 1s the accepted one. In Vespucci’s case Al-

the most remote and farthest distant Rel, follows the Magnagh; to voyaze, concep.

quarters of the earth at any time within death. For the first voyage of John Cabot, the interthe compass of these 1500 years. Lon- pretation would need some alteration today in view

don, 1589. of the discovery by Vigneras of a document showing

Reprinted, Cambridge, Mass., 1965. This collection that Cabot had a predecessor in the voyage to “Braincludes some narratives of Englishmen who entered sil’? (Newfoundland).

Spanish America during the sixteenth century. [B.W. | 1868. Baker, John N. L. A history of geo-

1864. Navarrete, Martin Fernandez de. Co- graphical discovery and _ exploration. leccion de los viages y descubrimientos 3. ed. rev. London, 1948. 552 p. maps, que hicieron por mar los espanoles desde bibl. fines del siglo xv, con varios documentos Chapters 5, 6, and 7 of this excellent and thoroughly inéditos concernientes 4 la historia de reliable survey are devoted to Columbus, his Spanish |a.marina TT decaste | tableci Vespucci, This inevitably ana Y desuccessors, OS esta ecl- involved land asand wellMagellan. as maritime exploration.

mientos espanoles en Indias. Madrid, , 1825-1837. 5 v. maps. 1869. Baron Castro, Rodolfo. The discovery

The volumes are devoted to (1) the four voyages of of America and the geographical and Columbus; (2) diplomatic documents; (3) subse- historical integration of the world. CHM. quent voyagers: Ojeda, Vespucci, etc., and the es- v. 6, no. 4, 1961: 809-883.

tablishment of the Spaniards on the mainland; (4)Ma- Despite the “integration” promise given in the title, gellan and Elcano, (5) subsequent voyagers to the this is mainly a running survey of maritime explora-

Moluccas: Loaisa and Saavedra. tion, with the emphasis on America, from the early

: . . ‘ . middle ages to the post-Magellanic period. Bardn

1865. Ramus 10, Giovanni Battista. Naviga- Castro doubts the St. Brandan legend; does accept the tioni et viaggi. Venice, 1550-15 59.3 V. Norse voyages, though considering them of small im-

This early collection of relations contained, in v. 3, portance; takes the “unknown pilot,’’ Alonso Sanchez,

some important documents regarding Columbus, seriously; denies Spain's ingratitude to Columbus; Cortés, Pizarro, and other early explorers and coloniz- and feels that Spaniards discovered Cape Horn in ers of the New World. Most of them have since been advance of the Hollanders Schouten and Le Haire.

published in the original Spanish. [J.B.W.] ;

1866. T C Henri. V 1870. Costa, Abel Fontoura da. A mari' »ernaux-Compans, tMenrl. VOYyages, nharia dos descobrimentos. 2. ed. Lisboa, Ser vir a histoire de la decouverte de Fontoura, a former officer of the Portuguese Navy, Amérique. Paris, 1837-1841. 20 v. is understandably concerned mostly with his own

relations et meémoires originaux pour 1939. 527 p. illus., maps.

DISCOVERY & EXPLORATION 173 countrymen’s navigational methods, but his valuable 1876. Langnas, Izaac A. Dictionary of dis-

work will serve almost equally well for Spanish coveries. Preface by J. Selwyn Schapiro.

methods. In places the book may be a little too mathe- N.Y.. 1959. 201 matical and astronomical for the average historian, ", : Pp. .

but in the main the nonprofessional navigator will be Contains brief biographical sketches of all major and

able to follow it most minor maritime explorers of Latin America. The

; sketches are in the main accurate.

1871. Dainelli, Giotto. La conquista de lla 1877. Loture, Robert de. La navigation a

terra. esplorazioni. Torino, les Aves: évolution |h 1950.Storia 745 p.delle illus., maps. travers es ages: evo ution de lade tech-

P. 211-305 are concerned with the exploration of nique nautique et de SES applications.

Latin America. Dainelli’s narratives, though brief, Paris, 1952. 307 p. illus., bibl.

are accurate. Although some of Loture’s general history is out of

. date, his chapters 8 and 9 contain useful descriptions

1872. Galvao, Antdénio. Tratado dos des- _ of ships and navigation during the Great Age of Dis-

cobrimentos. Minuciosamente anotadae CoVEery.

comentada pelo visconde de Lagoa,com 1878. Majé Framis, Ricardo. Vida de los a colaboragao de Elaine Sanceau. Porto, navegantes y conquistadores espafioles 1944. 506 p. illus., map. (Biblioteca his- del siglo xvi. 2. ed. Madrid, 1950. 2 v.

térica de Portugal e Brasil. Série ultra- illus., maps.

marina 1). Somewhat reorganized from the 1946 edition. Ex-

Galvao, a sixteenth-century Portuguese, spent years tends chronologically from Columbus to Fernando de

in the Portuguese East but never visited the New Quiros. No bibliography and apparently put together World. However, his work includes early Portuguese from secondary works.

maritime exploration of Brazil and Spanish dis- ° . . . as

coveries elsewhere in America. He took pains to be 1879. Molinari, Diego L. EI nacimiento del

well informed and his work has value to the Latin nuevo mundo, 1492-1534. Historia y

Americanist. First published in 1563. cartografia. B.A., 1941. 199 p. maps.

. . Largely devoted to geographical discovery by sea.

1873. Garcia Franco, Salvador. COmo_ Well documented with an abundance of maps.

navegaban los descubridores. BRSG. v.

BA ial —dic.. 1948: 336-367 1880. Nunn, George E. The Columbus and

The author, an official of the Spanish navy, possesses Magellan concepts of South American qualification for the writing of this article, which is a geography. Glenside, 1932. 58 p. illus., review of the instruments, maps, astronomical tables, maps.

and prominent individuals figuring in navigation from (Columbus and Magellan both believed South America

the time of Alfonso xX of Castile to the late sixteenth a part of Asia. Nunn believes Magellan equated it

century. with the elongated Malay Peninsula, in part based on . ; Ptolemy, appearing on the Behaim globe of 1492. He 1874. Giménez Fernandez, Manuel. Las igok the strait of his discovery to be the body of water bulas alejandrinas de 1493 referentes a __ below the peninsula shown by Behaim.

Maps Sevilla, 1944. 257 p. illus., 1987, Nunn, George E. Origin of the Strait Pope Alexander VI issued four bulls in 1493 in sup- of apman concept. Philadelphia, 1929. 36

port of Spain’s overseas claims resting on the first p. 1IUS., Maps. cot ge ,

voyage of Columbus. Second Inter caetera awarded | Nunn believes that the name “Ania,” mentioned as a the Catholic Sovereigns everything westward in the Province in the Ramusio text of Marco Polo, came Atlantic and failed to mention Portugal. Dudum siqut- through confusion to be applied to the strait, hypothedem was an attempt to award them the non-Christian cal before Bering’s voyage, separating Asia from Eastern Hemisphere as well. The bulls were super- North America and sought by early Spanish voyagers. seded by the Treaty of Tordesillas the following year.

Giménez holds that the papal decrees, really dictated 1882. Parry, John H. The age of Reconby Ferdinand and Isabella, were a mere expedient to naissance. Discovery, exploration, and parry Portuguese claims resting on previous pontifi- settlement, 1450-1650. Cleveland, 1963.

cal awards. 365 p. illus., maps, bibl. (The World his-

1r1r

1875. Herrmann, Paul. The great age ofdis- , tories of civilization). | covery. Ir. by Arnold J. Pomerans. N.Y., navigation, shipbuilding, and maps, especially por-

1958. 507 p. illus., maps, bibl. tolanic, or harbor-finding, charts. The book continues

A popularly written general account of discovery through the Iberian and other voyages of the Great

from Columbus to the exploration of inner Africa by Age of Discovery and covers empire building as well.

Stanley. It covers the maritime exploration of Latin . .

America, though in no great detail. A translation of 1883. Penrose, Boies. Travel and discovery

Zeigt mir Adams Testament. in the Renaissance, 1420-1620. Cam-

174 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA bridge, Mass., 1952. 369 p. illus., maps, Novas achegas a historia dos descobri-

bibl. mentos maritimos. Sao Paulo, 1963. 239

A slightly revised edition was published in 1955. p. maps.

Penrose covers the period 1420-1620 and includes all Consists of nineteen articles and review articles by parts of the world reached by Europeans. A reliable Marcondes, all originally published in RHSP, from

work. 1959 through 1962. These all deal with maritime dis1884. Peres, Damiao. A history of the Portu- S°YSTS-

guese discoveries. Lisbon, 1960. 128 p. 1890. Taylor, Eva G. R. The haven-finding Covers briefly Portuguese navigations and discoveries art: a history of navigation from Odysum ue north and south Atlantic, the Indian Ocean, and seus to Captain Cook. London, 1956.

, 295 p. illus., maps, bibl.

1885. Perez Embid, Florentino. Los descu- Almost the entire book is relevant to discovery and brimientos en el Atlantico y la rivalidad exploration in America, but chapters 5-9 are especastellano-portuguesa hasta el tratado cially so. Professor Taylor’s explanations are clear and de Tordesillas. Sevilla, 1948 [i.e.. 1949] her translations, when they occur, are good.

370 p. illus., maps, bibl. (Publicaciones 3. The Idea of Discovery de la Escuela de Estudios Hispano-

Americanos de Sevilla 19. Serie 2. Mono- 1891. Bataillon, Marcel. L’idée de la décou-

grafias 6). verte de l Amérique chez les espagnols

Pérez Embid does not cover American discovery but du xvi® siecle d’apres un livre récent. deals with its preliminaries, beginning with times far BH. v. 55. 1953: 23-55 anterior to Henry the Navigator's. He describes the «A reply to not a review of O’Gorman’s Idea del

conquest and/or d Cope Wordes the Canaries: Mager descubrimiento de América. Bataillon feels, for a

’ ? ; number of reasons, that O’Gorman has really con-

clenoese and Catalans a valr to that OF fortuga’ and tributed little in this work, one reason being that he countrie s, the first voyage of Columbus, Pope Alex- is too hard on the old historians (Las Casas, Gomara, ander’s bulls of 1493, and the Treaty of Tordesillas. etc’) who refused to see the Columbus exploit as he

A careful, well-documented . , 1892. Bataillon,work. Marcely and Edmundo 1886. Ramos: Demetrio. Probremas S binas. O’Gorman. Dos concepciones de la tarea

BRSG i” 8 4 wuledic... 19 AR. 368396, historico con motivo de la idea del de-

The problems Ramos discusses are (1) the difficulties scubrimiento de America. Mexico, 1955.

of navigating the Atlantic before Columbus, (2) winds 115 Pp. oo,

and currents of the Atlantic and the perfection of the — The Bataillon contribution is a Spanish translation of

caravel, (3) the Sargasso Sea and its floating herbage, his. BH article of 1953. O'Gorman follows with his (4) the declination of the compass, (5) the form of the defense of discovery as an “idea,” and in conclusion

earth and its climatic zones, and (6) the effects of there are published several exchanges of letters besome of these on the colonizing ideas of Columbus. tween Bataillon and O’Gorman from June to SeptemRamos concludes that Columbus was a born geog- _ ber, 1954.

rapher as well as a navigator and discoverer. 1893. Caraci, Giuseppe. Questioni di me-

1887. Samhaber, Ernst. Knaurs Geschichte todo della storia delle grandi scoperte der Entdeckungsreisen. Miinchen, 1955. geografiche. NRS. v. 41, genn.-apr.,

463 p. illus. 1957: 333-395. |

A history of maritime and land discovery and empire Caraci considers works by Gil Munilla, Levillier, building. The work appears adequate, though it lacks Davies, Arciniegas, and several Portuguese, finding

footnotes and bibliography. little in them to commend. He closes with an appeal

for a new method in studying the discoveries, source

1888. Souza, Thomaz O. Marcondes de. Al- materials for which have not increased materially in

gumas achegas + hist6ria dos descobri- the last century. This method should be efficient, iti S40 Paulo. 1958. freetoofanemotional nationalistic mentos MaritimMos. ao- au 0, a 280 bias;scientific, a bias of and which, outsider, and Caraci does not

Historia’ 12). ; :

p. illus., maps. (Coleccao de “Revista de — seem altogether free.

This consists of nineteen articles and review articles 1894. O Gorman, Edmundo. . La idea del by Marcondes de Souza, all of which had previously descubrimiento de ; America. Historia

appeared in the RHSP. With a few exceptions these de esa interpretacion y critica de sus

deal either with maritime discoveries or with old maps fundamentos, México, 1951. 417 p. bibl.

illustrating real or possible discoveries. (Ediciones del IV Centenario de la

1889. Souza, Thomaz O. Marcondes de. Universidad de México 5).

DISCOVERY & EXPLORATION 175 Analysis of the discovery of America as an idea. clines to that belief. O’Gorman says Columbus could not be a discoverer

because, seeking east Asia, he had no adequate real- 1899. Ashe, Geoffrey. Land to the west. St.

ization of what he really found. Vespucci came to Brendan’s voyage to America. N.Y., have this realization, and those who named the New 1962. 352 p. illus., bibl.

World for him did so for this reason and not because There is no insistence here that Brendan, or Brandan,

of any question of chronological priority. O'Gorman and other Irishmen sailed to America in the sixth analyzes recent Columbus historiography, of whichhe century. Ashe does feel, however, that there were has a generally poor opinion. He reiterates that a life Irishmen who realized that America existed and beof Columbus and a history of the discovery of America lieved the Brendan story. Ferdinand Columbus makes

3 O’Gorman, . . story seriously. 1895. Edmundo. The invention of America, an inquiry into the historical 1900. Cortesao, Armando. The nautical chart

are not one and the same. a brief statement to the effect that his father took the nature of the New World and the mean- of 1424 and the early discovery and

ing of history. Bloomington, 1961. 177 p. cartographical representation of Amer-

illus., maps, bibl. ica. Coimbra, 1954. 123 p. illus., maps.

The theory here is that America could not be “dis- Cortesao reviews ancient navigation and medieval covered” because, as America, it had no existence in Cartography, suggesting that even Phoenician ships the minds of men in 1492 or for years afterwards. | were blown across the Atlantic while bound from the The concept of America dawned slowly and did not Canaries to Portugal. He then maintains that this disfully exist until well into the sixteenth century. O’Gor- covery of America was repeated by the Portuguese man reviews the voyages of Columbus and Vespucci and that the 1424 chart (ultimately the property of the and the changing geographical concepts of the two University of Minnesota), with its Antilla group, is

navigators. the record of this. Professor Eva Taylor (GJ, 120: . . 518), in reviewing Cortesao, says that Antillia merely 1896. Rogers, Francis. V alentim Fer nandes, means ‘“‘An-tylia or Thule (Tyle) on the edge of the

Rodrigo of Santaella, and the recogni- world.” tion of the Antilles as opposite India.” 1991, Cortesao, Jaime. Os descobrimentos

BGL. v. 75, julho-set., 1957: 279-296. portugueses. Lisboa, 1950-. 2. v. illus.,

Rogers provides a study of Rodrigo de Santaella’s

edition of Marco Polo of 1503, which is somewhat Maps. ~ oe

imitative of Fernandes’s work. In his introduction, In the first volume Cortesao covers early navigation Santaella, a Spaniard, states that Antillia means Anti- ano soreness history i re reign op onn T veel India, or opposite India. Rogers believes that San- T i my t he is ca 7 Ww ed aoe with the ey ° taella’s work should be considered the beginning of ordesilas, he 1s concerned for 157 pages wit Portuthe New World concept, as it appeared a year before 28US© discovery in the New World. Here, as in pre-

the Vespucci letter called Mundus novus. vious works, Cortesao exerts himself to show that the Portuguese knew of America before Columbus 1897. Washburn, Wilcomb E. The meaning and that their policy of secrecy kept them from reof “discovery” in the fifteenth and six- veangral’s ne landfall uowledee to aoeinworld. He calls Cain Brazil a “reconhecimento.” teenth centuries. AHR. v. 68, Oct., Cortesao did not live to complete the work, but, as

1962: 1-21. his views were well known, others did so in his be-

Washburn is concerned with the vocabulary of the half. Age of Discovery and with the strong possibility that

present-day scholars do not understand what men of 1902. Duff, Charles. The truth about CoColumbus’ day meant by “discover,” ‘“‘continent,”’ lumbus and the discovery of America. “island,” “Indies,” “New World,” and many other new ed., rev. and enl. London, 1957. 274 expressions. He concludes with an appeal to scholars ‘Al bibl to search out more carefully and thoroughly the terms Pp. 1US., DIDI.

then used. A fairly orthodox storyofof the voyages and later career Columbus. For the early career, Duff manages to embrace most of the old theories that exist, including

4. Pre-Columbian Voyages Jewish origin, knowledge of the Norse voyages, a

_. ; Portuguese discovery prior to Columbus’, and the

1898. Antilia and America. A description story of the unknown pilot. of tne 1324 nantical chart and the Wald- — 3993, Lopez Flores, Manuel. Colé6n no de-

seemuller Globe map of 1507 in the — scubrig América. Madrid, 1964. 497 p. James Ford Bell Collection at the Uni- maps, bibl

versity of Minnesota. Minneapolis, 1955. the contention here, familiar to students of the

10 p. map. Columbus problem, is that the admiral was preceded

This brief pamphlet, which attaches considerable to the West Indies by about ten years by the “unweight to Armando Cortesao’s argument, does not known pilot,” here called Alonso Sanchez de Huelva, specifically claim that the “Antylia’ onthe 1424 map' who revealed his information to Columbus. Lépez shows a transatlantic discovery, but obviously in- Flores also maintains that credit for the success of the

176 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA 1492 voyage belongs to the Palos captain Martin’ on this 1424 map. Portuguese geographical knowl-

Alonso Pinzon, who, he says, really directed the ex- edge, to the first voyage of Columbus, is summed up,

pedition. Marcondes feels, by the Martin Behaim globe. 1904. Naia, Alexandre Gaspar da. D. Joao

II e Cristdbal Colon: factores comple- 5. Columbus

mentares Lisboa, na consecucao Bi hi objectivo. 1951. 124de p. um illus.mesmo a. SOgrapmes Naia holds that after Diogo Cao’s voyage as far as ot A.

Cape Cross in Southwest Africa, John II of Portugal meee Ryarer sakes ur mando. Bae judged the time had come to investigate the central a o1on. logratia de eSscu ridor. region of the New World. This was with an eye to Havana, 1944. 498 p. maps, bibl.

the future partition of the overseas world with the A well-written and, on the whole, sound life of Colum-

Catholic rulers, which was already in John’s mind. bus. There is no great originality, but originality in The exploration was made by the king’s Jewish cos- the Columbus case is not always a virtue.

mographer, José Vizinho, accompanied by Christo- . .

pher Columbus, whom Naia has elsewhere declared 1910. Ballesteros y Beretta, Antonio. Cris-

to be a Portuguese. Hence, according to Naia, the tobal Colon y el descubrimiento de 1492 voyage was not the first Columbus visit to América. Barcelona, 1945. 2 v. illus.,

America. maps, bibl. (Historia de América y de 1905. Naia, Alexandre Gaspar da. His- las pueblos americanos 4-5). toriografia dos descobrimentos. Imper- Spaniards consider this the best life of Columbus ever

tenéncias elucidativas de um curioso written, although Ballesteros lacked the seafaring

RHSP “ulho— - 8{-]1956: * knowledge and experience of Morison. The virtue of ) Ss onc 13, juino~set., 81-141. — Baltesteros’s work lies in its completeness, its con-

In this article, Naia restates familiar Portuguese argu- sideration of every piece of evidence, reliable or not, ments regarding American discovery. One is that, on and the author’s review of all theories, even the most the basis of an enigmatic statement by King John II to absurd, regarding Columbus. The bibliography is thus

Columbus, the Portuguese discovery of the South exhaustive up to the time of writing. While BallesAmerican mainland must have taken place before the teros considers all the false leads and the “‘lunatic king’s death in 1495. Another is that Vespucci, inhis fringe” of interpreters, he succumbs to none and his

not proceed in person beyond Porto Seguro, 17° S. , . .

voyage under Portuguese colors in | eee aa judgments are sound. The remainder of the fleet, now purely Portuguese, 1911. Colon, Fernando. Vida del Almirante explored Patagonia to a latitude of more than 50° S. don Cristobal Colon, escrita por su hijo

1906. Naia, Alexandre Gaspar da. Uma Rennande EY ee loge he ve de viagem portuguésa a América em 1484- bibl (Bil ’ - WEEXICO, S . in 1485 para assentar as bases de um futuro IDM . ; de] "diz na ere ce entendimento com os reis catélicos quan- _., TOMISTAas Ge Andias’. |

d ys ; : RHSP 5 Classic ofRamon Columbus his son, which preserves to a dominios ultramarinos. - V. J,life Fray Pané’sby account of the Indians of Espa-

1982: 195-199. fola and their first contact with Christianity. Trans-

A concise restatement of the thesis of Naia’s book lated into English by Benjamin Keen (New Bruns-

D. Jodo H e Cristobal Colon. wick, N. J., 1959). [R.M.]

1907. Saint-Lu, André. La legende du pilote 1912. Gaya Delrue, Marcelo. El mito de

precurseur de Christophe Colomb dans Cristobal Col6n. Zaragoza, 1957. 317 lhistoriographie de Guatemala. BH. v. p. illus., maps, bibl. 61, jan.-mars., 1959: 74-81. Devoted to proving that Columbus was a fraud in

Saint-Lu finds mention of the pilot in two colonial Various ways. Martin Alonso Pinzon, Gaya feels,

historians of Guatemala, one named Fuentes y Guiz- Was the real hero of the discovery of America, withman and the other anonymous. Both mentions, how- Ot whom the voyage could not have been made. The

ever, can be traced to familiar sources. } author holds that no connection exists between the Cristoforo Colombo of Genoa before 1476 and the

1908. Souza, Thomaz O. Marcondes de. A_ Cristdbal Colén who appeared in Spain in 1485. The

carta nautica de 1424 da biblioteca da_ latter was by origin a Portogallego; the Genoese Universidade de Minnesota e 0 suposto Colombo died in the naval attack of 1476. Somehow . Sco]preco . ; ombino knowing of the Genoese andtwo wishing to be descobrimento da Ameconsidered part of family it, he induced friends, neither rica. RHSP. v. 12, abril-junho, 1956: related to him, to pose as his Genoese brothers,

291-312. Bartolomeo and Giacomo.

Marcondes feels that this map, in the possession of rn wre . the University of Minnesota Library, does not show 1913. Llanas de Niubo, Renato. El enigma an early discovery of America by Portuguese or any- de Cristobal Colon. Barcelona, 1964. one else. He points out that the Azores do not appear 289 p. illus. (Novela y documento).

DISCOVERY & EXPLORATION 177 Llanas’s principal effort is to prove that Columbus’ de Torre in 1501, he was not claiming close kinship was born in Majorca in 1436 and was aconverted Jew. with the French admirals surnamed Coullon. He did, Much emphasis is placed on the fact that Columbus, however, believe himself descended from a common except for one possible document, never wrote Italian. ancestor.

1914. Mahn-Lot, Marianne. Columbus. 1920. Carbia, Romulo D. La nueva historia

Helen R. Lane, tr. N.Y., 1961. 192 p. del descubrimiento de América: funda-

illus., maps, bibl. mentos de la tesis segun la cual estaria A conwement pret readable summary: not highly comprobada la falsedad de la versién origina! Dut based on reliable authorities. tradicional acerca del extraordinario 1915. Morison, Samuel Eliot. Admiral of suceso. B.A., 1936. 151 p. illus., map. the ocean sea: a life of Christopher Carbia maintains that Las Casas himself wrote the Columbus. Boston. 1942. 2 v.. illus letter attributed to Toscanelli at a time when the

bibl. . ; years : *? Col6n heirs were in litigation withthe the royal Spanish crown Maps, 1D! after the Admiral’s death and governMorison’s is unquestionably the foremost nautical ment was attempting to minimize the Columbus ex-

biography of Columbus ever written. He is mostly pjoit. The idea, says Carbia, was to show that the concerned with ships, seamanship, and wind and Admiral had consulted a well-known scholar when weather conditions of the Atlantic. Odd theories formulating his plan for a voyage.

about Columbus and such matters as the Toscanelli ; ; correspondence do not greatly interest him. One 1921. Casas, Bartolomé de las. Historia de

interesting chapter in v. 2, ‘“The Sinister Shepherd,” las Indias. Ediciédn de Agustin Millares

discusses the origin of syphilis. Carlo y estudio preliminar de Lewis

1916. Morison, Samuel Eliot. Christopher Hanke. México, 1951. 3 v. (Biblioteca Columbus, mariner. Boston, 1955. 224 americana. Série de cronistas de Indias).

p. illus., maps. The purest text and only satisfactory edition of the the Ocean Sea. mained unpublished until 1875. Hanke provides a A simplified and abbreviated version of Admiral of | Major work of Las Casas, who died in 1566 and re-

favorable evaluation of Las Casas as a historian, deeming him superior to all his Spanish contemporaries

b. The Columbian Question who wrote of the New World.

. ; 1922. Cioranescu, Alejandro. Portugal y las

1917. Bayerri y Bertomeu, Enrique. Colon _cartas de Toscanelli. EA. v. 14, agost.—

tal cual fue: los problemas de la nacio- set., 1957: 1-17.

nalidad y de la personalidad de Col6n y — Cioranescu believes the so-called Toscanelli letters su resolucién mas justificada. Barcelona were forged at the orders of the Portuguese govern-

1961. 802 v. bibl > ment, very likely by Martin Behaim, about April,

C - Pp. eill dand ill zed 1494. Portugal meant, as it soon did by the Treaty of oh ht “ The thesi I rae andl theemoucl Tordesillas, to obtain concessions from Castile in

bibliography. The thesis of Bayerri’s posthumously the Atlantic. The forgeries were to convince others published book is that Columbus was born inanisland that as far back as the reign of Afonso V, Portugal settlement, no longer existing, in the Ebro River. had been in correspondence with the learned Floren-

* . 9 bd 3 7 -

1918. Bernaldez. Andrés. Memorias del tine, Toscanelli, over just such a voyage as Columbus

. do del 1 ? R C toli Edicié had made. A part of the plan was to make it appear

reinado del 10S Neyes a ONCOS. 1C10N that Columbus had stolen the idea and used it himself.

y estudio por Manuel G6mez-Moreno y . . , ; Juan de M. Carriazo. Madrid. 1962. Ixvj;, 1923- Cioranescu, Alejandro. Primera bio708 p. (Biblioteca “‘Reyes Catolicos” grafia de Cc. Colon. F ernando Colon y

crénicas). Bartolomé de las Casas. Tenerife, 1960.

Written in the early sixteenth century and published 252 p. |

under a slightly different title in 1856. Bernaldez, The thesis is that Ferdinand Columbus, generally called “El cura de Los Palacios,” is especially de- accepted as the author of a biography of his father, tailed and valuable for the second voyage of Colum- did not write one, or at least wrote very little. The bus, who described it at length to him in 1496. The Historie, which we now have only in the Italian of authenticity of this work and the existence of Ber- 1571 as our original, was really, according to Ciorannaldez have been denied by Filiberto Ramirez Co- — escu, a first draft of Las Casas’s Historia de las Indias. rria, but the editors of the present volume appear to Las Casas was no party to the fraud, having died in

. . admiral’s scapegrace grandson. 1919. Bignardelli, Y. Oreste. Io non sono 1 PeErecec® ;

have refuted his charges in their preface. 1 366, + . °3 ; : . | : poe | at this first v inv

bibl. (Colecao “‘Pasquale Petraccone”’ discovery _ soe as a Magnaghi disciple. notes be

wae estudos italo-brasileiros 2). des de Souza others; he will also brook no charge of deceit on Vesfrankly adopts the Magnaghi approach, accepting only pel . P e: rt mice tigates the Geograp hical Journa the Bandini, Bartolozzi, and Baldelli-Boni letters as severely for publishing the Davies article.

genuine and awarding Vespucci but two voyages. 1977, Caraci, Giuseppe. I] nuovo metodo These two were of great importance, however; the storico del “senso commune.” A_profirst ininthe ofSouth much ofdinorthern . djromanzata bj fj ; didl Brazil resulting and the second the discovery exploring of the posito una vdiogratia American coast to Patagonia, with an almost certain Amerigo Vespucci. NRS. v. 43, magg.—

" 32-65.

discovery of the Rio de la Plata on the way. ag., 1959: 206-241; v. 44, sett.-dic.,

mneot Arctica not concern himself with the nam- 1960: 533-549; v. 45, genn.—apr., 1961: The “romanticized” biography is that of Arciniegas,

b. The Vespucci Question which follows the main lines established by Levillier. Hence, Arciniegas accepts the first voyage, which

1972. Aboal Amaro, José A. Amerigho Ves- Caraci will never allow and goes to unnecessary

pucci: ensayo de bibliografia critica. lengths to disprove. Madrid, 1962. 149 p. illus. (Publica- 1978. Caraci, Giuseppe. I problemi vespuc-

ciones de la Biblioteca Colombina 3). ciani e i loro recente studi. BSGI. ser. from publicationifofnot his own letterscomplete. to Aboal’s ° ~dic 1951: 335-346. date.theNearly, quite, nov. dic., a - .° A critical bibliography of writings by, or on, Vespucci 8 vy. 4. sett.—ott.. 1951: 241-260. and

; } —_ Caraci reviews the history of Vespucian writings from

1973. Almeida, Luis Ferrand de. VespuciO Humboldt in the 1830's to Magnaghi in 1924 and

DISCOVERY & EXPLORATION 183 1926. He upholds the Magnaghi point of view and in Portuguese service, which by no means equalled

praises that scholar highly, reviewing his mainconclu- _ the third in importance. He closes with a review of

sions. He then turns to Levillier, whose work he dis- major Vespucian writings from the time of Varn-

likes and calls a retrogression, as it attempts to bring _ hagen.

the problem back to the opinions of Vernhagen and care . Vignaud. Caraci speaks a good word in passing for 1985. Levillier , Roberto. As cartas € vlagens Marcondes de Souza. de Vespucio segundo Magnaghi. RHSP.

ar ; v. 8, abril-junho, 1954: 407-481.

1979. Christie, E. W. H. The supposed dis- Levillier lengthily attacks the methods and conclucovery of South Georgia by Amerigo _ sions of Magnaghi, who, he says, ‘“...fracassou em Vespucci. PR. v. 5, July, 1950: 560-564. todos os seus designios, por caracer de fondamentos e

Christie examines “expert opinion,” principally Mag- 4 provas.”’ Levillier also says that Magnaghi reduced naghi’s and Levillier’s, and decides that “there is no the Vespucian voyages from four to two in order to reason whatsoever for naming Amerigo Vespucci as Persuade the Portuguese critics to cease their attacks

the discoverer of South Georgia.” He suggests that 0m Amerigo. If this was his objective, he certainly the description given could as well apply to the Falk- failed.

lands or to(Antarctic) Staten Island. 1986. Levillier, Roberto. En defensa de Ves1980. Davies, Arthur. The “‘first’” voyage of pucio y de la verdad historica. RI. v. 14,

Amerigo Vespucci in 1497-1498. GJ. jul.-dic., 1954: 455-508. v. 118, Sept., 1952: 331-337. This is a reply to Giuseppe Caraci’s two articles in

A discussion of points raised by Levillier’s América la the BSGI, in 1951, in which Caraci upholds the Mag-

bien llamada. Davies upholds most of what Levillier aghi thesis and attacks América la bien llamada with says in behalf of Amerigo, but denies the authenticity Some bitterness. Levilhier replies with equal vigor, be-

of the voyage of 1497-1498. He suggests that Ves- ginning by expressing doubts as to Caraci’s qualificapucci may have claimed the voyage to impress the tions for making pronouncements on the Vespucci Portuguese government, in whose service he wasfora question. He then continues the argument originally

time. given in América thata Vespucci was . the discoverer ofla thebien Riollamada de la Plata, demonstration 1981. Davies, Arthur. O problema vespu- more from contemporary maps than from written

ciano. RHSP. v. 9, julho-set., 1954: documents.

195-199. 1987. Levillier, Roberto. Mundus novus.

Beene soeea long denunciation of hisDavies Santiagos de S arti ee n Vespucci’s first voyage, osChile, 1957. 65 p. illus.,

his opinions regarding the whole Vespucian problem. Maps. (Ediciones de los anales de la He much prefers Levillier to Magnaghi but agrees Universidad de Chile. Serie verde. His-

with the latter that the first voyage attributed to Ves- toria 3).

pucci was never made. This pamphlet is mainly concerned with the Mundus

305-317. “nye ,

. . . poe novus letter, which Levillier calls the “letter of Ves-

1982. Gil Munilla, Ladislao. Problematica pucci that revolutionized geography.” There is also vespuciana actual. EA. v. 8, Oct., 1954: some discussion of the voyage of 1501-1502.

Gil Munilla names eight types of investigation that 1988. ape tht) eee New light on Vesshould be undertaken if Vespucian studies are to pro- pucci’s third voyage. IM. v. 11, 1954:

gress. Without at least some of them, such studies will 37-46. come to a dead end. He might have added that they _Levillier introduces no new documentary evidence,

already have. but restudies the maps of the period, Kunstmann I],

pas a aos Caverio (Canerio), Maiollo, Waldseemiiller, Ruysch,

1983. Gongalves, Julio. Americo Vespucio. etc., in order to verify his conclusion that Vespucci BSGL. v. 71, jan.-marcgo, 1953: 17-34. discovered the Rio de la Plata and passed far down the Not a book review but the author’s independent judg- Patagonian coast.

ment of Vespucci. Goncalves agrees with Magnaghi — ,

that the Lettera and the Mundus novus are forged. 1989. Levillier, Roberto. A proposito de He says that, under the conditions of the time, Ves- Vespucio. Critica ou sabotagem? RHSP. pucci could not possibly have sailed with a Portu- v. 7, out.-dez., 1953: 383-425. BUCSE expedition as either captain or prot. Yet A spirited rejoinder to Caraci’s criticism of América la Amerigo was oneet Is appointment as pilot major —pien llamada. With regard to the Vespucci discovery

of Spain proves that. of the Rio de la Plata, Caraci’s quarrel had been with 1984. Levillier, Roberto. Ancora sul prob- Levillier’s interpretation of contemporary maps, an lema delle lettere e dei viaggi del Ves- interpretation strongly defended here.

pucci. NRS. v. 39, magg.—julho, 1955: 1990. Nowell, Charles E. Levillier: América

701-256. la bien llamada. HAHR. v. 30, Nov.,

Levillier follows his now-familiar line here: he accepts 1950: 501-511. all purported Vespucian letters, argues that the A discussion of Levillier’s book, agreeing with its “first” voyage was genuine and can be verified by main conclusions but venturing to differ regarding maps, and says that Vespucci made a fourth voyage, some details.

184 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA 1991. Rivista Geografica Italiana. Amerigo 1996. Greenlee, William B. The voyage of

Vespucci nel v centenario della nascita. Pedro Alvares Cabral to Brazil and

Numero speciale della Rivista Geogra- _ India from contemporary documents and fica Italiana a cura della Societa di Studi —- narratives. Trans. with introduction and

Geografici. Firenze, 1954. 94 p. bibl. notes by William Brooks Greenlee. Lon-

This is more than the usual centennial “omaggio,”’ as don, 1938. 228 p. maps, bibl. (Hakluyt it contains three valuable articles on Vespucci: by Society publications 2. series 81).

Roberto Almagia, who considers the major Vespucian This consists mostly of English translations of the questions; Thomaz Oscar Marcondes de Souza, who Cabral sources. Greenlee contributes a 69-page introwrites on the discovery of Brazil; and Emilio Male- — quction, in which he goes thoroughly into the backsani, who discusses recent contributions. There is also ground and preparation for the voyage. He denies that a bibliography of 222 items, consisting mostly of Cabral found Brazil by anything but accident.

twentieth-century writings on Vespucci. 9 _

1992. Vespucio, Américo. El nuevo mundo. I Brag ne tpmiao. ye etmento ° Cartas relativas a sus viajes y descubri- cedentes e intencionalidade. Pérto, 1949

mientos. Textos en italiano, espanol e 146 p " , ingles. Estudio preliminar de Roberto An outstanding Portuguese historian studies the Levillier. B.A., 1951. 342 p. illus., maps. Cabral voyage, especially the question of chance or

Levillier published this document collection in three intention in the discovery of Brazil. [M.K.]

languages as a supplement to his noted América la vn ~ ee . bien llamada. His preliminary study restates in briefer 1998. Peres, Damiao. Historia dos descubriform the arguments advanced in the earlier work. In mentos portugueses. Porto, 1943. 515 p.

a work just issued too late for inclusion here, Américo A general study of Portuguese discoveries, including Vespucio, Madrid, | 1967, Levillier uses additional Brazil. Well documented. [M.K.] documents newly discovered by himself. They relate

to Vespucci’s earlier life in Florence. 1999. Souza, Thomaz O. Marcondes de. Amerigo Vespucci e a prioridade do

8. Discovery of Brazil descobrimento do Brasil. RHSP. v. 8,

. abril-junho, 1954: 253-271.

1993. Coutinho, Carlos Viegas Gago. OQ Marcondes de Souza, as usual upholds the Magacaso”’ de Cabral. ReflexOes tecnicas. naghian point of view; consequently, what Levillier BGL. v. 74, out.-dez., 1956: 385-410. considers Vespucci’s second voyage, is to Marcondes

After reviewing the historiography of Cabral’s Brazil- the first. oo,

ian landfall since its occurrence, Gago Coutinho con- Granted the conclusion that Vespucci originally cludes that the real discoverers of Brazil were the Salled in 1499 with Ojeda and then parted company “caravelists” of King John II—at least trained under W!th him to explore separately, a good case can be him. They surely made their discovery before 1497 made nor a Vespucian discovery of Brazil before (Da Gama’s date) and perhaps before 1494 (Treaty abral s.

of opordesillas). cabral, when ne went to Brazil in 2000. Souza, Thomaz O. Marcondes de. A

» Knew where ne was gong and wily. concepcao geografica dos portuguéses 1994. Coutinho, Carlos Viegas Gago. Bar- apos o descobrimento da América. tolomeu Dias. RIHGB. v. 219, abril- RHSP. v. 26, jan.-marco, 1963: 145-

junho, 1953: 170-186. 153.

Bartolomeu Dias is the undisputed discoverer of the | Marcondes emphasizes the fact that Pero Vaz de Cape of Good Hope: Admiral Gago Coutinho here Caminha, a member of the Cabral expedition who finds arguments, albeit unconvincing ones, for having wrote to King Manuel immediately following the him discover South America as well. According to this Brazilian landfall, speaks of Brazil as a island, which

view, Dias and his pilot, Pero de Alenquer, on re- must have been the opinion of the majority. This turning from the Cape in 1487 [Gago’s date], were shows that the Portuguese could not have had the sent by King John II to reconnoiter the South Atlantic continental concept, based on previous discovery, to the west before the Vasco da Gama expedition was that Cortesao and other Portuguese have insisted prepared for the India voyage. Gago feels that the they had. discovery they doubtless made explains various ob-

scure points in the voyages of Gama and Cabral. 2001. Souza, Thomaz O. Mar condes de. O

1995, Ferreira, Vieira. O cosmégrafo Mar- Palo. 1986 359p ee 2 ed: Sa tin Behaim e o descobrimento do Brasil. Marcondes de Souza here, as in his 1946 edition, reRIHGB. v. 219, abril-junho, 1953: 79— plies to a number of historians, mostly Portuguese,

105. who have held that their countrymen secretly dis-

Vieira Ferreira believes that Behaim explored the covered Brazil before Cabral and that he merely folcoast of Brazil and discovered the Strait of Magellanin lowed information they provided. Marcondes says 1484-1485. This is an old and virtually forgotten there was no such pre-Cabralian discovery and that

theory, to which Vieira returns. Cabral found Brazil by accident in 1500.

DiscovERY & EXPLORATION 185 2002. Souza, Thomaz O. Marcondes de. O Los primeros tiempos de lacolonizacion.

Professor Duarte Leite e um paraque- Cuba y las Antillas. Magallanes y la dista da historia. RHSP. v. 11, out.-dez., primera vuelta al mundo. Barcelona,

1955: 387-411. 1952. 748 p. illus., maps. (Historia de

A reply to an article published by Duarte Leite in the America y de los pueblos Americanos 6).

Portuguese review Seara Nova, June 17, 1950. This Melén deals with the discoveries of those who imtook issue with Marcondes de Souza’s conclusion, mediately followed Columbus in exploring the Caribexpressed in the 1949 edition of his Amerigo Vespucci _ bean coasts. He praises Vespucci highly. Colonization

e suas viagens, to the effect that Vespucci andseveral of the Greater Antilles and the Isthmus is also deSpanish voyagers were on parts of the Brazilian coast — scribed. The final 300 pages of this long work are de-

before Cabral’s discovery. Marcondes defends Ves- voted to Magellan and Elcano.

pucci as a great discoverer, a view denied by Leite. . _.

Marcondes considers that Leite is guilty of excessive 2008. Mitchell, Mairin. Elcano: the first

Portuguese nationalism. circumnavigator. London, 1958. 198 p.

2003. Souza, Thomaz O. Marcondes de. Um illus. .

suposto descobrimento do Brasil antes The only life of Elcano available in English.

de 1448. RHSP. v. 25, julho-set., 1962: 2009. Nowell, Charles E., ed. Magellan’s 439-448. voyage around the world. Three conIn 1894, 1895, and 1897, Henry Yule Oldham, Carlo temporary accounts [by] Antonio PigaErrera, and Jaime Batalha-Reis discussed the Andrea fetta, Maximilian of Transylvania, [ and]

Bianco‘“‘authentic portolanic island,” chart ofwest 1448, whichand shows a land C E tvanston, lll.. 1962 labeled of Africa in the asparG OITea. "9 . proper latitude, though wrong longitude, for Brazil. 351 p. illus., maps, bibl.

The Englishman and the Portuguese maintained that Contains translations of the accounts of the voyage by this indicated a Portuguese discovery of South Amer- _ the sixteenth-century authors noted above. Also con-

ica by 1447; the Italian strongly dissented. tains extended explanations by the editor, numerous

Others have meanwhile studied the Bianco chart; notes, biographies of the authors, and some treatment Marcondes de Souza revives the question by agreeing of Juan Sebastian de Elcano. in essence with Errera. He holds that the authentic is-

land is really Santiago in the Cape Verde archipelago. 2010. Parr, Charles McKew. So noble a Cap-

The recorded discovery of the Cape Verdes by Cada- tain: the life and times of Ferdinand mosto took place in 1456, but Marcondes believes the Magellan. N.Y., 1953. 423 p. illus.,

islands were sighted earlier. | maps, bibl.

Based on original sources, this biography places the

9. Magellan Magellan voyage in its contemporary European eco-

; _ nomic setting. The work essentially concludes with

2004. Davies, Arthur. A navegacao de the commander’s death in the Philippines and has Fernao de Magalhaes. RHSP. v. 22, little to say about the subsequent fate of the expedi-

jan.—marco, 1961: 173-189. avd intos) in 1964 as Ferdinand Magellan, cirDavies rejects the theory advanced by George Emra &§ -

Nunn in 1934 that Magellan sailed north of the equa- 2011. Sola, Victor M. de. Juan Sebastian de

tor before turning westward in the Pacific. Elcano: ensayo biografico. Bilbao, 1962. 2005. Denuce, Jean. Magellan, la question 645 p. illus., maps, bibl. des Moluques et la premiére circumnavi- This not only studies the entire Magellan voyage and

. _ its completion by Elcano but also describes the be-

gation du globe. Bruxelles, 1908-1911. liefs existing in the fifteenth century regarding un-

433 p. maps. known lands and oceans.

Age has not impaired the excellence of this Magellan

study, which is still one of the best. Denucé had new . .

points of view to impart that still appear valid. His 10. Exploration of the South Atlantic economic study of the great enterprise is admirable;

his geographical interpretations have perhaps been 2012. Engelbrecht, W. A., and P. J - Van

improved upon in places. Herwerden. De ontdekkingsreis van 2006. Melén y Ruizde Gordejuela, Armando. Jacob le Maire en Willem Cornelisz

Ensayo de heuristica sobre la empresa ‘Schouten in de jaren 1615-1617. Magallanes-Elcano. EGM. v. 12, feb., sGravenhage, 1945. 2 v. illus., maps,

1951: 5-28. bibl. (Werken der uitgegeven door de

An evaluation of the sources and many of the secon- Linschoten Vereeniging 49).

dary works on the Magellan circumnavigation. An Le Maire and Schouten discovered Cap ‘‘Hoorn”’ extended discussion of Pigafetta and the probable during this voyage in 1616. Here is the edited narrareasons for the bad blood between him and Elcano. _ tive of their expedition.

2007. Melon y Ruiz de Gordejuela, Armando. 2013. Malaspina, Alessandro. Viaje al Rio

186 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA de la Plata en el siglo xviii. Reedicion de Rodriguez Cermenho: exploration of los documentos... Prdologo y notas del California. SWHQ. v. 23, Jan., 1920: capitan de fragata Héctor R. Ratto. B.A., 204-213. 1938. 389 p. illus. (Biblioteca de la Socie- This work and the subsequent article on Vizcaino

dad de Historia Argentina 7). were by-products of Chapman’s well-known F ounding

. . , cisco de Gali, commanding the eastdoun ania description of the planning and course of the expedi- the Strait of Anian. This possibility and the danger tion : represented by the Pacific voyages of Drake and Cavendish led the second Luis de Velasco, viceroy Malaspina’s voyage amounted to exploration, not in of SP anish Caifornia and “istry of cay orig. rar

even the 33 pase crolegue by Ratt vive Coast galleon of 1584, believed he had found evidence of 2014. Markham, Clements R. Early Spanish of New Spain in 1594, to name the Portuguese Rodri-

voyages to the Strait of Magellan. Tr. sue Cermenho commander of the Manila ship for ‘th fa preface, . d . d further investigation. from theBay. Philippines, andded ed. witl introduction, an Cermenho Returning was wrecked in Drake’s He and his notes by Sir Clements Markham. Lon- crewmen returned to Mexico in a small Philippine don, 1911. 288 p. illus., maps. (Works launch, or viroco, discovering Monterey Bay and issued by the Hakluyt Society. 2. ser. 28). exploring the Santa Barbara Channel on the way. Markham translates’ relevant sources for the Loaisa 2018. Chapman, Charles E. Sebastian Vizexpedition, which traversed the strait, and that of caino: exploration of California SWHQ.

Sim6éncoast. de Alcazaba, was onmade the Pata73 »AAAPT., 1920: 285-30] gonian In 1540which Alonso dewrecked Camargo the V. on, " ,

first voyage via the strait from Spain to Callao. One Chapman describes the Vizcaino expedition of 1602—

ship of the expedition appears to have discovered 1603, its exploration of Monterey Bay, discovered Staten Island and the Strait of LeMaire. Only a frag- Seven years earlier by Rodriguez Cermenho, and the mentary journal, which Markham translates, has been Progress northward of the expedition somewhat bepreserved. Bartolomé and Gonzalo Nodal received yond Cape Mendocino. There was virtually no increase orders in 1619 to examine the recent Dutch discov- im knowledge of California during the next century

eries by Schouten and LeMaire. They made a com- anda half. , oe

plete circumnavigation of Tierra del Fuego in the 2019. Colecciédn de documentos inéditos process, and Markham translates their narrative. para la historia de Chile desde el viaje de

2015. Ramos, Demetrio. La exploracién de | Magallanes hasta la batalla de Maipo, San Julian en la costa de Patagonia, y el 1518-1818. Colectados y publicados por marqués de Valdelirios. RI. v. 12, jul- 4-1. Medina. Santiago de Chile, 1888-

set., 1952: 497-519. 1902. 30 v. oo

Valdelirios was one of the commissioners appointed — The first three volumes are valuable for maritime dis-

by Spain to execute the treaty of 1750 with Portugal, "A mmeric not only for Chile but clsewher le raun arranging boundaries in South America. Two expedi- merica. Ihe aocuments are now available Cisetions from Buenos Aires to San Julian were com- where, however. This series should not be confused manded by Captain Jorge Barnes, and Valdelirios, with a second one published by Medina, which has no who was in Buenos Aires in that year, 1753, was re- bearing on discovery.

sponsible for the second. The expeditions increased 2020. Greve, Ernesto Estudio hist6ricoSpanish knowledge of the geography of the region and og , found the Indians much the same as described by geogratico sobre los VIAJES de Gomez de

Magellan’s chronicler, Pigafetta. Alvarado, Pedro de Valdivia, Francisco 2016. Sarmiento de Gamboa, Pedro. Viaje oe Maer: el sur. RCHG. v s et al Estrecho de Magallanes (1579-1584). dic. 1933: 871-637. HON fons

. _ illagra, y Garcia Hurtado Men-

Recopilacion de sus relaciones sobre los The characters named in Greve’s title were all land dos Viajes al estrecho y de sus cartas y explorers of Chile. However, the author, in the course memoriales. Edicion y notas de Angel of the study, does discuss and compare all the sources Rosenblat. Prologo de Armando Braun for the voyage of Juan Bautista Pastene, whom ‘ValiMenéndez. B.A.. 1950. 2 v. illus maps divia sent southward toward Magellan’s Strait in

Most of the two volumes are filled with the original 1544. Some writers have concluded that Pastene went

narratives of the voyages and other documents con- a ue way ie pe aioe pa reyes conclusion ae cerning Sarmiento. The long prologue by Braun Me- f a arene omy fo tance > 9-5 NOE QUITE as nendez offers an adequate description of these two ex- ar as © nloe.

Hees Orne strait, the first from Callao and the 3921, Haenszel, Arda M. The visual knowl-

anlucar. edge of California to 1700. CHSQ. v. 36,

Sept., 1957: 213-224. 11. Exploration of the Pacific Coast Briefly describes voyages and expeditions that saw

California from Alarcon in 1540 to Vizcaino in 1602.

2017. Chapman, Charles E. Gali and = The last part of the article deals with land explorers.

DISCOVERY & EXPLORATION 187 2022. Hidalgo Sereno, Jacinto. Un viaje de 2026. Medina, José T. El descubrimiento del

descubrimiento por la costa del Pacifico Océano Pacifico: Vasco Nunez de Balnorteamericano. RI. v. 21, abr.-jun., boa, Hernando de Magallanes y sus com-

1961: 271-293. paneros. Santiago de Chile, 1913-1920.

Pacific-coast activity in the north was revived by 4 v. illus., maps, bibl.

Spain partly because of Russian activity there and he volumes deal with (1) Balboa, (2) documents

particularly because of the voyage of Alexius Chiri- relative to Balboa, (3) Magellan, and (4) documents koff, Bering’s lieutenant in 1741, who sailed from __ ;ejating to Balboa and his companions. This is the most Kamchatka to 58° N. on the American coast. In 1774 — complete study of Balboa and Magellan. V. 3 and 4 are

Antonio Bucarelli, Viceroy of New Spain, sent Juan most valuable for oceanic discovery, and Magellan’s Perez northward and the latter reached 55° N. The career is preceded by a long study of previous Spanish next year Bruno Heceta and Juan Bodega were dis- and Portuguese voyages to the New World. For unpatched, the latter reaching the approximate point stated reasons, v. 4 is much inferior in format to the

attained by Chinikoff. | others.

2023. Holmes, hone val en From yo. open 2027. Medina, José T. El piloto Juan Fer-

by sea to the ca athe 15] bibl nandez, descubridor de las islas que llevan

Holmes Pp ? p ? . . .

2181. Schurz, William L. The Manila gal- A study of Spanish welfare legislation and custom as leon. N.Y... 1939. 453 np. illus., maps, they were applied in Spanish America. The history of

bibl. a number of hospitals and hospices is given as illus-

A history of the trade between Mexico and the Philip- tration.

pines calr ied in the samous Manila galleon; especially 2189. Konetzke, Richard. La condicion legal

good on both termini of the voyage. de los criollos y las causas de la inde2182. Shafer, Robert J. The economic so- pendencia. EA. v. 2, num. 5, enero, 1950:

cieties in the Spanish world, 1763-1821. 31-54. | Z

Syracuse, N.Y., 1958. 416 p. bibl. An interesting new evaluation based upon the position

An attempt at a comprehensive study of the societies ct te cre easing favor under both

for economic improvement that were important in "

reform. Those in Havana and Guatemala City were 2190. Konetzke, Richard. La emigracién de

most important in Spanish America. mujeres espafiolas a América durante la 2183. Veitia Linaje, José de. Norte de la con- época colonial. RIS. afo 3, nim. 9, tratacion de las Indias Occidentales. enero—mar., 1945: 123-150. B.A., 1945. xxxvi, 858 p. illus. A brief, thoughtful analysis of the migration of Span-

A new edition of the classic seventeenth-century trea- ish women to America in the sixteenth century: numtise on trade and navigation between Spain and Amer- bers, legal aspects, and probable influence.

ica. Foreword by R. R. Caillet-Bois. 2191. Konetzke, Richard. La formacién de 2184. Whitaker, Arthur P. The Elhuyar la nobleza en Indias. EA. v. 3, num. 10, mining missions and the Enlightenment. jul., 1951: 329-357.

202 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA The transplantation of nobility to Spanish America tudio de la época colonial. 2. ed. B.A., and the development of a new nobility there. 1935. 313 p 2192. Konetzke, Richard. LegislaciOn sobre A study of the church in Spanish America in relation Inmigracién de extranj eros en América to the colonial regime; based partly upon materials in

d la é lonial. RIS. ao 3 the archives of the Vatican and the Spanish embassy fim. 11-12, jul. die., 1945: 269-299, (one Vatican num. 11-12, jul.—dic., ; —299. .

A history of Spanish legislation and policy on immigra- 2200. Bayle, Constantino. EI clero secular y

tion of non-Spanish Europeans to Spanish America la evangelizacion de America. Madrid,

during the colonial period. 1950. 350 p. bibl. (Biblioteca misionalia 2193. Lohmann Guillermo.study Los _, hispanica 6). « the the cecularchurc churc ; s “yeVillena, n important of the role ofrole theofsecular americanos en las ordenes no biliarias, in missionary work in Spanish America. The study 1529-1900. Madrid, 1947. 2 v. illus. corrects some overemphasis on the regular clergy.

Genealogical and biographical data upon some 1,100 . American members of the six major orders. An ex- 2201. Bayle, Constantino. La comunion encellent introduction. tre los indios americanos. RI. ano 4, 2194. Pérez Vidal, José. Aportacion de las, 2br.jun., 1943: 197234. |

Canarias a la poblacién de América. Su escription Ot the practices in giving communion to ‘nfluencia en la poesia Indians inThere SpanishisAmerica, in the of earlier intuer &en‘ la y lensua Pp sixteenth century. carefulespecially discussion optradicional. AEAT. num. 1, 1955: 91- position to permitting the Indians to share in com-

197. munion.

A series of observations and notes that bring the 2202. Bolton. Herbert E. The mission as a author to the conclusion that migration from the Ca- Tren aoe . . naries to America was greater than has been thought frontier institution In the Spanish Amerand that clear traces remain in popular language and ican colonies. AHR. v. 23, Oct., 1917:

poetry, especially in the Caribbean area. 47-6].

9195. Rodriguez Arzia, J. Las regiones ip pioneer article that is still the best statement of the

espanolas y la poblacién de América oo,

1947: 695-748. or espiritual de America. Sevilla, l. 1509-1538. RI. afio 8, num. 30, oct.—dic., 2208. Borges, pear o. 2 Analisis < See

A series of tables and analyses based on v. 1-2 of 189 p. (Publicaciones de la Escuela de

Catalogo de pasajeros a Indias. Estudios Hispano-Americanos de Se-

2196. Salas, Alberto M. Las armas de la __ villa 132). a | conquista. B.A., 1950. 462 p. illus., bibl. A® attempt at a typology of missionaries and their

A fascinating study of arms, methods of warfare, and methods in colonial Spanish America.

cnds ot soldiery employed in the Spanish conquest. 2204. Borges, Pedro. Métodos misionales

arerul Footnotes. . en la cristianizaci6n de América, siglo

2197. Spain. Archivo General de Indias, xvi. Madrid, 1960. 573 p. bibl. (BiblioSevilla. Catalogo de pasajeros a Indias teca misionalia hispanica 12).

durante los siglos xvi, Xvii y XVill... A synthesis based on exhaustive examination of Ed. de Crist6bal Bermtidez Plata. Se- known sources. Conclusions are debatable but always

villa, 1940-1946. 3 v. interesting.

Summaries of statements by passengers seeking legal , Aaa

passage from Spain to America, taken from the rec- 2205. Casas, Bartolome de las. Del unico ords in the Archive of the Indies. These three vol- modo de atraer a todos los pueblos a la umes contain over 15,000 entries for the years 1509- verdadera religion. Advertencia prelimi1559, in chronological order. A source of great value. nar y ed. y anotaci6n de Agustin Millares

2198. Torre Revello, José. Aportacié6n a la Carlo. Introducion por Lewis Hanke. historia de las costumbres en la colonia: Mexico, 1942. xliv, 593 p. corridas de toros. In II Congreso Inter- Incomplete but has Las the essence of the original treatise. . Zt e introduction discusses Casas’s ideas, those o

nacional ae ee as cons B.A., his opponents, and the Dominican experiment in Bullfights in colonial Spanish Ameri ) Verapaz, ullfights in colonial Spanish America.

12. The Church VEMSE .

2206. Desdevises du Dezert, Georges N. L’église espagnole des Indes a la fin du xvili® siécle. RHisp. v. 39, num. 95, feév.,

2199. Ayarragaray, Lucas. La iglesia en 1917: 112-293.

América y la dominacion espanola. Es- A survey of the church in Spanish America in the

THE SPANISH EMPIRE 203 eighteenth century, especially the second half: secular, A study of the increasing assertion of royal control regular, missions, schools, hospices, and hospitals. over the church in Spanish America during the eightBased upon wide research in the Archive of the In- eenth century. Disputes between prelates and their

dies. cathedral chapters greatly aided the crown.

2207. Desdevises du Dezert, Georges N. 2214. Lea, Henry C. The inquisition in the

L’inquisition aux Indes espagnoles a la Spanish dependencies: Sicily, Naples, fin du xvui® siécle. RHisp. v. 30, num. Sardinia, Milan, the Canaries, Mexico,

77, fév., 1914: 1-118. Peru, New Granada. N.Y., 1908. 564 p.

A study of the personnel, activities, funds, and cases Continues Lea’s history of the Spanish Inquisition of the various offices of the Spanish Inquisition in into Spanish possessions outside the Peninsula. AlAmerica in the second half of the eighteenth century; though partly superseded by regional studies for based on Inquisition records in Lima, Cartagena, Spanish America, still one of the best works on the

Mexico City, and Spain. subject.

2208. Egana, Antonio de. La teoria del regio 2215. Lopétegui, Leon, Félix Zubillaga, and vicariato espanol en Indias. Roma, 1958. Antonio de Egana. Historia de la iglesia en

xxvill, 315 p. bibl. (Analecta Gregoriana la América espanola desde el descubri95. Series Facultatis Historiae ecclesias- miento hasta comienzos del siglo xix.

ticae, Sectio B, 17). Madrid, 1965-1966. 2 v. illus., maps,

A detailed study of the various theories advanced from bibl. (Biblioteca de autores cristianos the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries on the nature 248.256)

of of the church in Spanish Thi 4 . oy: oethe ; ;royal _ is patronage work, written by three JesuitAmerhistorians, is ,a. good hot very important for the study of church-state rela general history of the Catholic church in colonial

lons. Spanish America, although it lays rather heavy em-

2209. Garcia Gutiérrez, Jesus. Apuntes para phasis on the Jesuit contribution to that history. In . . . Alwim; the first volume, Leén Lopétegui gives a general inla histor ia del origen y desenvolvimiento troduction to the history of the church in Spanish del regio patronato indiano hasta 1857. America, and Félix Zubillaga supplies the history of México, 1941. 331 p. (Publicaciones de the church in Spanish North America and the Antilles. la Escuela Libre de Derecho. Ser. B, 4). The second volume, by Antonio de Egana, is conA history of the real patronato of the Spanish crown in cerned with Spanish South America. [J.B.W.]

America by periods. The work begins with asketchof 3916, Medina, José T. La primitiva inquisi-

historical antecedents in church Spanish prac2 .americana (1493-1569): tudi tice, and papal concessions to the theory, Portuguese crown C10n : - €Studlo

in Africa. historico. Santiago de Chile, 1914. 2 v. , . . A history of the standard episcopal inquisition in

2210. Gongora, Mario. Estudios sobre el Spanish America, which preceded establishment of Galicanismo y la “‘Ilustracion Catolica”’ the Holy Office.

1D 5 epee Ga. Eepanola RCHG. num. 2217. Rodriguez Casado, Vicente. Notas A pioneering study of the repercussions in Spanish sobre las relaciones de la iglesia y el esAmerica of regalist-Gallican tendencies and of the tado en Indias en el reinado de Carlos

Catholic Enlightenment. Ill. RI. ano 11, num. 43-44, enero—jun.,

2211. Gutiérrez de Arce, Manuel. Regio A diecussinn of eeforms of the church initiated by patronato indiano. Ensayo de valoracion Charles III after the expulsion of the Jesuits. The rehistorico-canonica. AEA. v. 9, 1954: forms continued the Bourbon policy of strengthening

107-168. royal control at the expense of the papacy.

A well-documented sketch of the real patronato, its . . canonical validity, and the various interpretations 2218. Shiels, W. Eugene. King and church:

made of it. the rise and fall of the Patronato Real. . Chicago, 1961. 399 p. Jesuit studies:

2aiee Hanke, bina ata M0 and ine contributions to the arts and sciences by

Apr. ceeof members of theof Society of Jesus). pr., 1937: ae : , ,65-102 A history royal control the church in Spanish

the Indians. involved duties.

On the bull Sublimis Deus affirming the rationality of America; stresses the fact that royal privileges also

2213. Hera, Alberto de la. EI regaiismo ROT 2219. Shiels, W. Eugene. The legal crisis in

bonico en su proyeccion indiana. Ma- the Jesuit missions of Hispanic America.

on MA. v. 21, Oct., 1 ,

drid, 1963. 314 p. (Publicaciones de la A O 939: 253-276

Facultad de Derecho Canonico del Es- a study of conflicts of jurisdiction between Jesuit mis-

tudio General de Navarra 3). sions and the episcopate in the seventeenth century.

904 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA 2220. Specker, Johann. Die Missionsmeth- rreinal. Barcelona, 1965. 1019 p. illus.,

ode in Spanisch-Amerika im 16. Jahr- maps. (Historia de América y de los hundert; mit besonderer Beriicksichti- pueblos americanos 18).

gung der Konzilien und Synoden. jo ie vider sence of the tom religions and inouieue Schoneck-Beckenried, 1953. 247 P- studies among the Indians, the spread of Spanish, (Neue Zeitschrift fiir Missionswissen- printing, education, intellectual and philosophical

schaft. Supplementa, 4). preoccupations of thinkers and writers, studies in the

An examination of missionary methods in sixteenth- various fields of learning, music, literature, and the

. ; - ; p.

century Spanish America. The main reliance is upon _ Other arts. Lavishly illustrated.

the records of provincial councils and synods, pub- 4997 Furlong Cardiff, Guillermo. La cul-

lished and in the Vatican archives. The provincial f : laé lonial. B.A

councils are primarily those of Mexico. 1081 SoA en la epoca colonial. b.”., 2221. Steck, F Francis B. Los colegios MUSIO- A survey of education for women in colonial Spanish neros franciscanos en la América. [nm 2. America, with emphasis on southern South America.

Congreso Internacional de Historia de The author holds that there was a good deal of educaAmérica, 1937. B.A., 1938. v. 3: 373— "onal opportunity for women.

386. 2228. Juana Inés de la Cruz, Sister. Obras

An excellent concise survey of the colegios de propa- completas. Ed., prélogo y notas de Al-

ganda fide, which gave new life to Franciscan mis- , sos _ sionary work in the eighteenth century. fonso Mendez Plancarte. Mexico, 1951

; ; 1957. 4 v. (Biblioteca americana, 18, 21,

2222. Ybot Leon, Antonio. La iglesia y los 27, 32. Ser. de literatura colonial).

eclesiasticos espanoles en la empresa de The definitive and best edited and annotated collecIndias. Barcelona, 1954. 2 v. illus., maps, _ tion of all the writings, prose as well as poetry, of the bibl. (Historia de América y de los famous Mexican nun-poetess (1648-1695). [1.L. ]

pueblos americanos 16, 17). 2229. Lanning, John Tate. Academic culture

A comprehensive study of the church in colonial in the Spanish colonies. London, 1940. Spanish America. V. | covers the church in relation 149 p.

to discovery, the natives, the state, and missionary 4 survey of higher learning in Spanish America during work. V. 2 deals with the establishment and history of the colonial period, under three general headings: uni-

the hierarchy and missionary orders. An elaborate, versities, philosophy, and medicine. The author be-

classified index. lieves that Spanish America was not far behind Europe by the end of the period. 13. Culture 2230. Lastres, Juan B. El ejercicio de la 2223. Angulo Iniguez, Diego, ed. Historia medicina durante los siglos XV1, XVU, Y

del arte hispanoamericano. Barcelona, xvii. RUCZ. ano 39, num. 98, 1 sem.

1945-1956. 3 v. illus. 1950: 88-104. a

A collective work, profusely illustrated, that is the 4 Sketch of the practice of medicine in the New World first comprehensive survey of the history of colonial from the conquest to the end of the eighteenth cen-

Latin American art. tury, with attention to establishment of schools and

2224. Bavle. Constant; E . la ed advance in technique. cacion. Co slay wen América, Madrid. 2231. Leonard, Irving A. Books of the 1934. 3 48 P bibl. (Instituto Pe dacd ico brave, being an account of books and of

FA E Estudios e investi aciones) 8 men in the Spanish conquest and settle-

ANE. WESTIRAClONes)?. ment of the sixteenth-century New

A survey of popular education the regions Span-onWorld. M 1949. 38]. p. ish America during the colonialinperiod, withof essays Word.Cambrid Camoridge, Mass., such special topics as schools for Indian caciques illus., bibl.

and the teaching of Spanish to Indians by mission- The book trade in sixteenth-century Spanish America, aries. The work is really a series of essays and ordered and reading tastes.

notes rather than a formal history OO 2232. Picoén-Salas, Mariano. A cultural his2225. Buschiazzo, Mario Jose. Estudios de tory of Spanish America: from conquest arquitectura colonial hispanoamericana. to independence. Irving A. Leonard, tr.

B.A., 1944, 153 [. illus., bibl. Berkeley, 1962. 192 p.

A series of essays on kinds of buildings, such as open 4 very readable sketch of the history of culture in chapels and missions in California and Texas, andon = gojonial Spanish America. A synthesis of social, incolonial architecture in various regions of South - tellectual, and literary history by a Venezuelan essay-

America. ist.

2226. Esteve Barba, Francisco. Cultura vi- 2233. Quesada, Vicente G. La vida intelec-

THE SPANISH EMPIRE 205 tual en la América espafiola durante los century in Spanish America.

A siglos XV1, XVII; y Xvill. B.A. [at 7. . 26P. 2241. Carbia, Rémulo D. Historia de la n examination of cultural ite in spanish America = leyenda negra hispano-americana. B.A.,

during the colonial period. 1943. 240 p. illus

2234. Reyes, Alfonso. Letras de la Nueva A violently pro-Spanish study of the origin and diffuEspana. México, 1948. 155 p. (Colec- sion of charges of Spanish cruelty and atrocities in

cién Tierra firme). dealing with the Indians (the Black Legend).

Essays on colonial writers and literature of Mexico 2242. Hanke, Lewis. Pope Paul III and the

inrated the NO BRS (1889-1959). 1969 Lt style of[LL. the celeAmerican Indians. HTR. v. 30, no. 2, author Apr., 1937: 65-102. 2235. Spell, Jefferson R. Rousseau in Span- On the bull Sublimis Deus affirming the rationality of

ish America. HAHR. v. 15, May, 1935; the Indians.

260-267. 2243. Hanke, Lewis. The Spanish struggle

74).

A brief account of the extent to which Rousseau was for justice in the conquest of America. read in eighteenth-century Spanish America. Philadelphia, 1949. 217 p. illus., bibl. 2236. Torre Revello, la im-1s raS6, pubiished a jarger Spanish editionsense (B.A., aeJosé. 40°El. libro, . Justice used in theinsixteenth-century Pp renta y el P eriodismo be n América du of treatment adequate to social class. The work treats rante la dominacion espaniola. B.A., 1940. the conflict between Christian humanitarian ideas

Ixxiv-269-ccxxxvi p., bibl. (B.A., Uni- and the colonists’ needs for land, labor, and reward. versidad Nacional. Publicaciones del Las Casas is dealt with at length as the most aggresInstituto de Investigaciones Histo6ricas ve and articulate champion of better treatment for A careful history of printing in Spanish America, a 2244. Hera, Alberto de la. E] derecho de los

review of relevant Spanish legislation, the importation indios a la libertad ya la fe. La bula and circulationA of careful books, and the origins of colonial Deus” journalism. bibliography and an“Sublimis extensive . y los problemas india-

documentary appendix. MOS ging me motivaron. AHIDE. v. 26,

2237. Torre Revello, José. Origenes del An extensive study of the circumstances leading to teatro en Hispano-America. B.A. In- _ issuance of the bull Sublimis Deus and accompanying stituto Nacional de Estudios de Teatro. papal briefs; the political factors of reception in Spain.

CHT. num. 8, 1937: 37-64. 2245. Hoffner, Joseph. Christentum und

A sketch of the theater in colonial Spanish America. Menschenwiirrde. Das Anliegen der

. , , spanischen Kolonialethik im goldenen

14, Indians and Indian Policy Zeitalter. Trier, 1947. 333 p. illus., bibl.

2238. Altamira y Crevea, Rafael. El texto de Published in Spanish by F rancisco sis Caballero as La trans’ation, ética colonial espanola del sigloa us eee ee BeBos de 1512. RHA. v. 1, de oro. Cristianismo y dignidad humana (Madrid,

IC., - sO . 1957. 573 p.). A thoughtful summary of theological

Publishes a variant text believed to be the original of = and juridical problems of the conquest of America;

the famous laws for reforming treatment of the In- treatment is in three parts: medieval Christian ideas, dians, and discusses history of the reform and in- the impact of New World reality, and the attempt at

fluence. resolution in Spanish imperial theory.

2239. Arnoldsson, Sverker. La leyenda 246, Hussey, Roland D. ed. Document:

negra. Estudios sobre sus origenes. Gote- Text of the laws of Burgos (1512-1513) borg, 1960. 215 p. (Acta Universitatis concerning the treatment of the Indians. Gothoburgensis. Goteborgs Universitets HAHR. v. 12, Aug., 1932: 301-326. Arsskrift. v. 66, 1960: 3). The Spanish text of the famous reform laws and a

A brilliant study that traces the Black Legend to anti- summary in English.

Spanish propaganda in Italy and Germany during the , 7

reign of Charles V. The origins would seem to be 2247, Juderias y Loyot, Julian. La leyenda Italian. From Italy and Germany the themes of mas- negra. Estudios acerca del concepto de sive cruelty to the Indians were picked up in the Low Espana en el extranjero. 2. ed. Barcelona, Countries after 1580. Translated by Mateo Pastor 1917. 528 p. Lopez and others from the author’s Swedish ms. The classical statement of the complaint that foreign

2240. Bayle, Constantino. El protector de discussion of the Spanish in America has been char-

indios. AEA. v. 2, 1945: 1-180. acterized y false allegations of cruelty and massacre

A study of the various forms of the office of Protector ; ; of the Indians, with special reference to the sixteenth 2248. Konetzke, Richard. Die Bedeutung

206 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA der Sprachenfrage in der spanischen RBN. v. 16, nim. 42, seg. trim., 1947: Kolonisation Amerikas. Jahrbuch fiir 253-393.

. . egro slavery in America, - . Especially

Geschichte von Staat, Wirtschaft und royal instructions and administrative jeoymments on

Re clischatt Lateinamerikas. Bd. 1, good for the eighteenth century. The compilation

Oln, | 64: 72-116. opens with a summary of Spanish legislation on the

The most extensive and best discussion to date on the topic.

development of a crown policy requiring that th : .

Indians be taught Spanish. Pony ENS ~historico-fisico 2255. parrera, y one Francisco. Re , , - flexiones naturales,

7708 morales vadr On a ‘adiana. Se. ‘ill médico quirtirgicas, practicos y especula-

1955. 182 p.(P bh de le Fscu a tivos entretenimientos acerca de la vida, de Est dic Hi seano-Ar € 1a oe de usos, costumbres, alimentos, vestidos, Sevill : 93). ispano-Americanos Ge = color y enfermidades a que propenden

An interesting attempt at a typology of the methods, us be egros fe agree venidos a America.

problems, and people of the Spanish conquest. abana, 175. Pp. |

; , oo, A lengthy medical tract, written in 1798, on the

2250. Ots Capdequi, José M. Instituciones Negroes in the Spanish Indies and the infirmities to sociales de la América espanola en el which they were subject. It contains information on periodo colonial. La Plata. 1934. 269 p their social condition and the treatment to which they (Biblioteca humani dades ° ed ‘por la were subject. The author shows deep sympathy for

. ? : : the slaves. [J.B.W. ] Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de | luti f the f la Educacién, de la Universidad de La 2256- King, James F. Evolution of the tree

Plata 15). slave trade principle in Spanish colonial

A series of essays on the laws governing labor, social administration. HAHR. v. 22, Feb.,

, Se- ;

classes, groups forbidden residences in Spanish Amer- 1942: 34—-S6.

ica, encomiendas, family, intermarriage, and status An anlaysis of the shift in slave trade policy to a

of women. system of free importation by individual Spanish and

, . . . foreign slavers. The change is seen as an integral part

2287 Saco, Jost A. Histone de la esclavitud’ “of the Bourbon commercial reforms

guida de la historia de los repartimientos 2257. Konetzke, Richard. La esclavitud de

y encomiendas. Fernando Ortiz, ed los indios como elemento en la estrucHabana, 1932. 2 v. (Coleccién de libros turacion social de Hispanoamerica.

cubanos 28. 29). EHSE. v. 1, 1949: 441-479. |

Saco’s history of Indian slavery was published post- The Sropean background o slavery and the rastory humously in Havana in 1883. It traces the origins of or sadian fF, S ecction oe the seuival of Indian slavery

Indian slavery in the New World and its development _ . PUES. 4 TD Se er ;

in specific areas. The editor of the 1932 edition in- of wits 1676, from materials in the Archive

corporated in the second volume an incomplete work OF me *NACS.

by Saco on the encomienda and repartimiento that 2258. Mellafe, Rolando. La esclavitud en

goes only as far as 1518. This had originally appeared : _ . with Saco’s history of Negro slavery. [J.B.W. | Hispano America. B.A., . 1964. [15 p. 2252. Lesley Db. B. Spanish utopia bibl. Bimoteca de América. Libros del - Simpson, ol 5 Lesiey la. tiempo nuevo 21). H. v. 20, Dec., 1937: 353-368. An excellent brief history, with classified bibliogA brilliant sketch of Utopian ideas in sixteenth-cen- raphy, on the forms of slavery, the slave trade, the

tury Spanish America. place of Negroes in Spanish-American colonial life,

. and the abolition of slavery. Based upon wide reading

22 Dureoe bf 15 sey | is ‘Raval on ows of of pertinent work and considerable reflection.

for the good government and treatment 2259. Romero, Fernando. The slave trade of the Indians. San Francisco, 1960. 57 and the Negro in South America. HAHR.

p. map, bibl. v. 24, Aug., 1944: 368-386. _ .

A translation of the famous reform laws. Anintroduc- Not @ coherent essay, Dut an inter esene nowaron or

tion gives the history of the laws and traces the in- monographic work des. an ese th popu anon ° fluence of the ideas in them. rican origin and descent in eighteenth-century Peru.

2260. Sandoval, Alonso de. De Instauranda

15. Slavery aethiopum salute: el mundo de la escla-

, -_ vitud negra en América. Bogota, 1956.

2254. Barreda y Laos, Felipe, ed. Regimen XXxvii, 598 p. illus. (Biblioteca de la colonial de la esclavitud de los negros. presidencia de Colombia 22).

MExIco 207

First ed., 1627, entitled: Naturaleza, policia sagrada d’assiento. Paris, 1906. 2 v. bibl.

y profana, costumbres y ritos, disciplina y catechismo _A detailed study of the slave trade to Spanish America

evangélico de todos etiopes. Sandoval, a Jesuit, pre- from the origins to 1715 in terms of royal licenses to ceded St. Peter Claver in his work among the Negro bring slaves and of treaties with other powers. The slaves and was his instructor. His book studies the study ends with the Peace of Utrecht but has a supAfrican origins of the Negroes and the methods of plementary study of the negotiations to settle French

catechizing them. [J.B.W. ] and Portuguese claims against Spain arising from 2261. Scelle, Georges. La traite négriére aux —Gjly concerned with aspects of international law. A

Indes de Castille: contrats et traités basic work.

C. Mexico CHARLES GIBSON

Mexico occupied a position of special importance among the areas of the Spanish colonial New World. It was the site of one of the foremost of native American civilizations; 1t witnessed the archetypal conquest in the sixteenth century; its political structure was a model for all other mainland colonies; and its mines, ranches, industries, harbors, and markets gave it a position of exceptional economic significance. Historiographically it is an area to which a relatively thorough study has been devoted and one that has attracted some of the best research and writing. The main problem for one who would list the bibliography of colonial Mexico

is selection. Perhaps two-thirds of the titles listed here are unquestionably appropriate and would appear on anyone’s enumeration of the best works. With the remainder there are questions, concerning both the quality of the items chosen and the claims of competing items that might have been chosen in their stead. I have been partial to documentary works and to works that tell what “really happened.”’ I have included more on the Borderlands (meaning the north Mexican area and the formerly Spanish parts of the United States) than the region merits

when seen from the point of view of Madrid or Mexico City —though what is listed is only a tiny fraction of the total material available on the Borderlands.' Because I think it is valuable to trace the development of historical knowledge I have included a selection of older “classics”? even in cases where they have been superseded. I may have slighted the religious chronicles. In some instances, I have inserted individual titles as representative of larger classes rather than as peculiarly outstanding, though I think that in all such cases the works listed are quite respectable in their own right. Documents appear regularly in the Boletin of the Mexican Archivo General de

La Nacion. There are also local journals, especially for the Borderlands, and journals on special subjects, such as Tlalocan for native history and the Anales del Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas for art history. There is no perfect way to subdivide a bibliography. The reader should be aware that items listed in one category may and commonly do have information 1As excellent historical bibliographies covering the so-called Borderlands exist, no attempt is made to include works on this area in this guide. For a general guide to material on this subject see Harvard Guide to American History (Cambridge, Mass., 1954), pp. 257-258, 282-283, 290-291. See also the appropriate sections of Robert A. Humphreys, Latin American History: A Guide to the Literature in English(London, 1959), —Ed.

208 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA also for others. Some items listed as ‘““General’”’ are not so in the full sense but only to the extent that they apply indifferently to several subdivisions. Bibliographical data especially are scattered through all categories. Finally it should be noted that many works of importance transcend colonial Mexico and concern the whole of colonial Spanish America or Mexico in all periods and therefore are not listed in this section at all.

1. Bibliographies and Guides and Francisco Javier Clavigero, with a view to tracing

the sources and identifying the preconceptions and

2262. Andrade, Vicente de Paula. Ensayo perspectives of each. By the seminar students of Rabibliografico mexicano del siglo XViL. mon Iglesia, whose critical principles are applied with 2. ed. México, 1899 [1900]. 803 p. illus. Ya Yims ScBrees OF Success: Approximately 1,200 titles of seventeenth-century 2267. Eguiara y Eguren, Juan J. de. BiMexican publications, arranged chronologically. bliotheca mexicana: sive eruditorum his-

Comparable to Garcia Icazbalceta and Le6én for the . . zoe

two other colonial centuries. Data on formats, print- toria eiaevaien -_ Mexico, 175 >: 343 Pers, and other bibliographical details. One of the most celebrated of bibliographical works

. ; relating to colonial Mexico. But v. I proceeds only as

2263. Bolton, Herbert E. Guide to materials far as the letter C and no more were published.

ior the history or the eres Stas i 2268. Garcia Icazbalceta, Joaquin. Biblio-

the principal archives Of Mexico. Wash- grafia mexicana del siglo xvi. Catalogo ington, 1913. 553 p. (Carnegie Institu- razonado de libros impreses en México tion of Washington. Publication 163). de 1539 4 1600... Nueva ed. por AgusOrganized listing of from Mexican 7 Mill Cc a)Carlo. ; MéxiMexico, " 1954. 58] bearing especially onmaterials the history of the Unitedarchives States tin Millares southwest in the eighteenth century. Includes the p., illus.

Archivo General de la Nacién as well as secondary _‘The revised edition makes some corrections and adds and local archives. Occasional description of contents. | some new items to the original edition of 1886. Chron-

ae ological listing of 179 Mexican imprints from 1539 to

2264. Carrera Stampa, Manuel. Archivalia 1600 with bibliographical data and commentary. mexicana. México, 1952. 276 p. bibl. Special articles on the introduction of printing, six(Publicaciones del Instituto de Historia, teenthpersons century medicine, Pearo An de Oat and topics. e ilication ue

Emone I, 27). dd ‘oti f th hj f humerous facsimiles of title pages and exact typo-

M exico, givin ena mes. locations hours. and summary graphical reproductions. A virtually definitive work.

contents. A vade mecum for researchers. 2269. Leén, Nicolas. Bibliografia mexicana

2265. Chapman, Charles E. Catalogue of del siglo xvii. Mexico, 1902-1908. 5 v. materials in the Archivo General de in 6. illus. (Boletin del Instituto biblioIndias for the history of the Pacific grafico mexicano, 1, 4, >» 7, S, 10).

coast and the American southwest. Meipublications, standard bibliography eighteenth-century . . exican containingofover 3,000 titles and Berkeley, 1919. 755 Pp. (University Of reprints of the Gazetas of 1722 and of some other

California Publications in History 8). documents.

An excellent catalog of documents and an essential 2270 Malagoén Barceld, Javier. La literatura

tool for archival on the colonial history northor diasol ‘slo oroenla ern Mexico and the work southwest. Lists over 6,000 items of Juridica espano del del SigiO Cede OFro

bearing on these areas, principally of the eighteenth Nueva Espana: Notas para su estudio. century. Introduction discusses the collection in gen- México, 1959. 173 p. [llus., bibl. (In-

eral.; Astituto Bibliografico Mexicano 3). : Based on the Inquisitorial lists of the Archivo Gene2200. Diaz rome: Hugo: et al. Estudios de ral de la Nacién, Mexico. Describes 400 works, givistoriogratia de la Nueva Espana. Me- ing biobiographical data for each. [S.B.]

Estudios Hist6ricos). : : se

xico, 1945. 329 p. bibl. (El Colegio de 2271. Medina. José T. Ensayo biobibliogra-

México. Publicaciones del Centro de Fico sobre tlernén Cortés. obra postin ,

Scholarly criticism of the colonial historians Fran- Santiago de Chile, 1952. cvin, 243 p., cisco Cervantes de Salazar, Diego Duran, Diego illus.

Mufioz Camargo, Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas, Full, thorough data on the historical writing relating

Baltasar Dorantes de Carranza, Antonio de Solis, to Cortés and the conquest of Mexico. Especially

MExICco 209

strong for the early texts and the period up to 1915. 22378. Wagener, Henry R. The Spanish

Not useful for material published since ca. 1930. Southwest, 1542-1794, an annotated

2272. Medina, José T. La imprenta en Mé- bibliography. Albuquerque, 1937. 2 v. xico (1539-1821). Santiago de Chile, illus., maps. (Quivira Society. Publica-

1907-1912. 8 v., illus. tions 7).

A masterful bibliography and history of colonial Bibliographical listing of published items on the printing by one of the greatest of Latin American southwest to 1794. scholars. Over 12,000 entries with full data on tech-

niques, types, printers, illustrators, book sellers, 2. General

bibliographers, laws, extant copies, and all relevant ; ;

data. A work of painstaking research. 2279. Alaman, Lucas. Disertaciones sobre

2273. Millares Carlo, Agustin, and José I. a mstoria de a Republica lencana,

Mantecon. Indice y extractos de los pro- esce ta epoca ce ta Conquista que 10s

tocolos del Archivo de Notarias de Mé- _—-~Espafioles hicieron, a fines del siglo xv y

xico. D.F. México. 1945-1946. 2 v. (El principios del xvi, de las islas y contiColegio de México. Publicaciones del "€Mte americano, hasta la independenCentro de Estudios Histoéricos). cia. Mexico, 1844—1849. 3 v. illus., map.

Summaries of documents from the Archivo de No- “ Scholarly achievement of unexpectedly high qualtarias from 1524 to 1553. Detailed information on ‘¥Y> bY @ major public figure of nineteenth-century

deeds, sales, payments, and other notarized acts Mexico. The work is a general history of the colony,

’ ’ ’ : distinguished by perceptive insights into particulars

2274. Romero de Terreros y Vinent, Ma- rather than by over-all conception or plan. Important

nuel. Bibliografia de cronistas de la ciu- ocumentary oP Pes .

4), 1959. 24 v.

dad de México. México, 1926. xxvii, 16 2280. Biblioteca historica mexicana de p. (Monografias bibliograficas mexicanas obras inéditas, ser. 1. México, 1936-

Writings concerned with the history of Mexico City A series of separate volumes, most of which are not

with a list of cronistas. individually listed in this Guide. Includes data on

. . ; travel, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, western Mexico,

2275. Spain. Archivo General de Indias, Nueva Viscaya, Zacatecas, a sixteenth-century alSevilla. documentos Nueva _ calde mayorde in Yucatan, de Quiroga, CeroaIndice ' . _devantes dedeSalazar, onso la VeraVasco Cruz, Califorrae S eT Nt on el fooae yeas an nia, and the Casa de Moneda in Mexico City. Volumes laS de Sevilla. : EX1CO, ae Vv. 8-11 contain Manuel Orozco y Berra, Historia de la (Monografias bibliograficas mexicanas, dominacién espanola en México. V. 24, published in

12, 14, 22, 23). 1959, six years after v. 23, is La expulsion de los

Catalog of selected sections of the Archivo de Indias Jesuiftas de las provincias de Sonora Ostimuri, y containing documents on colonial Mexico. Makes ‘i”aloa en 1767, edited by Alberto Francisco Praonly a small start toward identifying all colonial Mex- deau. ican material in the archive, but the result is useful and 2281. Brand. Donald D. The development of

the notations themselves informative. Dataduring on P °the “fiSpanish ,.‘, many subjectsare of all periods. acific coast ports

colonial period in Mexico. In Estudios 2276. Twitchell, Ralph E., comp. The Span- antropologicos publicados en homenaje

ish archives of New Mexico. Cedar al doctor Manuel Gamio. México, 1956. Rapids, Ia., 1914. 2 v. illus., maps. . p. 577-591.

Calendar of documents with frequent summaries, Catalog of the Pacific coast colonial ports and chropartial translations, and annotations. From 1685 nology of their development. Preliminary report on a

° 9 ° Ea es # hd e

to 1821. subject that has received very little attention. Undocu2277. Valton. Emilio. I mpresos m exicanos mented but the product of diligent historical research.

del siglo xvi (incunables americanos) en 2282. Calderon Quijano, José A. Historia

la Biblioteca Nacional de México, el de las fortificaciones en Nueva Espaiia. Museo Nacional y el Archivo General Sevilla, 1953. xxxvi, 334 p. illus., maps. de la Nacion. Estudio bibliografico pre- (Publicaciones de la Escuela de Estucedido de una introduccién sobre los dios Hispano-Americanos de Sevilla 60). origenes de la imprenta en América. The foremost study of colonial Mexican fortifica-

Méxj 1935. 244 Tl tions, with attention to the physical form, military

D Ta te i shi ; Pr LITUS. f Mexi architecture, and policies of coastal defense. AbunDetaile ibliographical description of Mexican gantly illustrated with plans and photographs. An

incunabula in the National Library (Mexico City), important subject, skillfully presented

the National Museum, and the General National °:_a Archives. [S.B.] 2283. Cavo, Andrés. Historia de México.

210 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA Ernesto J. Burrus, S.J., ed. México, rendered. Useful for genealogical reconstructions

1949. 491 p. bibl. and expressions of aristocratic points of view at a time

Preferable to the Bustamante edition of 1836. An Hen the original upper class was suffering loss of annalistic history of New Spain, from the conquest status. to 766. The author was an eighteenth-century Jesuit 2289. Garcia Icazbalceta, Joaquin, ed. Co-

who assembled early material from the Actas de Ca- we . : bildo and other records and set down contemporary eccian de doqumentos para fa fistoria

material from his own experience. A good example of © eXICO. CXICO, ‘ 2 Vv.

diligent, unimaginative colonial historiography. A documentary collection of importance, with texts

; of Motolinia and the Anonymous Conqueror and 2284. Cervantes de Salazar, Francisco. many matters of the early colonial period. Individual Cronica de la Nueva Espafia. Madrid, _ items are not separately noticed in the present listing.

1914. 843 p. _ 2290. Garcia Icazbalceta, Joaquin, ed. Nue-

Description and historical account of New Spain in va coleccién de documentos para la his-

the century, with observations on In‘a de deMexico. Méxj Méxi "38 6-189 dianmid-sixteenth and Spanish life from the viewpoint of a white toria Mexico, | 1892. colonist. The history of the conquest and some of the Sv. descriptive text, though by no means all, is derived Important documents on many subjects: ecclesiasti-

from Lépez de Gomara. cal attitudes of the sixteenth century; the Cddice

, franciscano Pomar’s account of Texcoco; Zorita’s

2285. Cortes, Hernando. Cartas y otros Breve y sumaria relacion; and various others.

documentos de Hernan Cortés novisi- oo. ; mamente descubiertos en el Archivo 2291. Garcia Pimentel, Luis, ed. DescripGeneral de Indias de la ciudad de Se- cion del arzobispado de Mexico hecha villa, e ilustrados por el p. Mariano Cue- 18 oF te y otros documentos. Mexico,

vas, S.J. Sevilla, 1915. 355 p. 1897. 461 p. |

Letters and other documents relating to Cortés’s G¢0gtaphic, demographic, and other kinds of data on interests in Mexico, including data on various eco- ‘WS of central Mexico as of ca. 1570, with further nomic enterprises and the tasaciones of Indians information on ecclesiastical visitas and appointwithin the Marquesado del Valle, ca. 1537. Demon- ments. A useful source for the reconstruction of parstrates in detail the pervasive role of Cortés in post- ticular cabeceras and sujetos and their interrelationconquest affairs. A Memorial lists the cédulas ad- ships.

dressed to Cortés, 1523-1543. Biographical notes. 2292, Gazetas de México, Compendio de

2286. Cuevas, Mariano, comp. Documentos noticias de Nueva Espana desde princiinéditos del siglo xvi para la historia de pios del ano de 1784. Manuel Antonio

México. México, 1914. xxxi, 521 p. Valdes, ed. México, 1784-1809. 16 v.

illus Late colonial journalism, with notices of news events,

Data on individuals, towns, and institutions of the &SP¢Clally political and economic. The notices indisixteenth century. Characteristic miscellaneous doc- ate a degree OF pwareness or ihe outsia Witter uments depicting a cross section of early colonial life. eighteenth century and reveal colonial atti-_ tudes on a variety of subjects.

2287. Documentos para la historia de Méji- 393, Gemelli Careri, Giovanni F. Viaje a

419 , la Nueva Espana. José Maria de Agreda

A rich miscellany of which individual titles are not -Y, SaNchez, tr. Mexico, 1927. 326 p.

here listed separately. Includes the colonial diaries by illus., map.

Gregorio Martin de Guijo, Antonio de Robles, José Selections from Gemelli Careri’s account of his world

Manuel de Castro Santa-Anna, and José Gémez; travels, amounting to a traveler’s description of the primary material on the Mexico City uprisings of colony in the late seventeenth century. Gemelli Car1624 and 1692; information on Zumarraga and the eri was not a particularly acute or well-informed urban parishes of the seventeenth century; tran- observer, but his statements have a certain novelty, scripts of the eighteenth-century Gazetas; and ma- and any traveler’s account of colonial Mexico is a terial on Sonora, Nueva Viscaya, and other northern = ‘rarity.

areas. 2294. Gerhard, Peter. Pirates on the west

2288. Dorantes de Carranza, Baltasar. Su- coast of ‘New Spain, 1575-1742. Glen-

maria relacién de las cosas de la Nueva dale, Calif., 1960. 274 p. illus., bibl. Espafia, con noticia individual de los — (Spainin the West 8). oo descendientes legitimos de los conquis- Lively treatment of pirates and their doings on the

tad ; blad =ol Pacific coast, balancing and supplementing the record a IOTEeS y primeros pobladores €spanoles. — of Atlantic piracy about which much more has been

Mexico, 1902. 49] p. known.

A work written in 1604 on the lives and genealogies , : os

of notable people in the colony, combined with an 2295. Gomez de Orozco, Federico. Croniappeal for viceregal favors for the services they have cas de Michoacan. México, 1940. 212 p.

MEXICO 211 illus., bibl. (Biblioteca del estudiante mented, but the fruit of serious documentary investi-

universitario A detailed comprehensive history, useful as ae12) ; . ,gation. basic record or work of reference.

Anthology of colonial chronicles relating to Michoa- ; ;

can, including the Relacién de las ceremonias and 2302. Munoz Camargo, Diego. Historia de extracts from La Rea, Basalenque, Gonzalez de la Tlaxcala. Alfredo Chavero. ed. México

Puente, Espinosa, Beaumont, and others, the originalEscobar, publications of which are frequently 4.418).

1892. 278 ° °

difficult to locate. Scholarly annotations. Extensive history of pre- and postconquest Tlaxcala . by a colonial mestizo tlaxcalteca. The account of the 2296. Humboldt, Alexander von. Political conquest and of postconquest events is of general essay on the kingdom of New Spain. Tr. colonial, not simply provincial Tlaxcalan, impor-

from the French by John Black. London, [°°

1811-1822. 4 v. maps. 2303. Nicolau d’Olwer, Luis. Fray Bernar-

Many editions of which this is the standard one in dino de Sahagtn, 1499-1590. México, English. Humboldt was by far the most observant 1952. 229 p illus., bibl. (Instituto Panoutsider to visit colonial Mexico, and his account is . : " : . . the most valuable single description for the late americano de Geografia e Historia, Cocolony. Precise observations on all relevant subjects. Aner uc yustoria 40. Historiadores de 2297. Icaza, Francisco A. de. Conquista- Thorough scholarly examination of the biography

° . merica 7).

dores y pobladores de Nueva Espana: and bibliography of the famous Franciscan missionary ‘diccionario autobiografico sacado de and ethnologist. Sahagun’s early years, his residences los textos originales. Madrid, 1923. 2 v at Tlatelolco, the development of his plan for a mas-

Autobiographical data on a large numb er of c on qui 5 ter work, and the various revisions are reconstructed

tadores and early colonists, compiled in the mid-six- in detail. ;

teenth century in anticipation of merced eligibility. 2304. Orozco y Berra, Manuel. Historia de Useful for identifying particular individuals and their la dominacién espanola en México. Mé-

Laake rot alwans to be nusted ems of achiever xico, 1938. 4 v. (Biblioteca histérica

. ; mexicana de obras inéditas 8, 9, 10, 11).

2298. Lopez de Cogolludo, Diego. Historia A general history, mainly political and conventional

de Yucathan. Madrid, 1688. 760 p. from 1522 to the late eighteenth century. Useful

The foremost history of Yucatan written in the colo- principally as a dated annalistic record of public nial period. The author was a seventeenth-century ¢vents.

Franciscan writing from documentary sources and ° emphasizing conquest and religious history and the 2305. Paso Y Troncoso, Francisco del, ed.

Franciscan achievement. . Epistolario de Nueva Espana. 1505-

2299. Mexico. Archivo General de la Nacion. 1818. Mexico, 193 9-19 42. 16 v. (Bi-

7 os a inéditas. Serie 2 v. 1-16).

Publicaciones del Archivo General de Dlloteca _iistorica_ mexicana de obras A a Nacton, we xico, 1910 1936. 30 he vol- Texts of a large number of important documents for umes of which relate to colonial Mexico Individual sixteenth-century Mexico: viceregal orders, reports works deal with distinct subjects and are not here 0” individuals and towns, testimonies, letters, and listed separately. Data are especially strong on inquis- other types of documentation ona variety of subjects.

itorial cases, political events of 1810-1812, the wars 2306. Relaciédn de las encomiendas de of independence, northern missions in the eighteenth indios hechas en Nueva Espajfia a los century, and the viceregal rule of the Conde de Revi- . llagigedo. Contains the full texts of Beaumont’s Cro- conquistadores y pobladores de ella. nica de Michoacan and of Burgoa’s Palestra historial Ano de 1564. France V. Scholes and and Geogrdfica descripcién, basic works for the his- Eleanor B. Adams, eds. México, 1955. tory of western Mexico. One of the finest, most useful, 64 p. (Documentos para la historia del and technically most accomplished documentary México colonial 1)

series ever published in Mexico. I their ‘. encomenderos as of Encomienda towns;and

México, 1962. 241 p. , ,

2300. Miranda, José. Humboldt y México. 1564.

Survey of the Mexican environment and society of 2307. Senees France Y. , vanes R. Menénthe eighteenth century and of the writings of Hum- dez, J. I. Rubio Mane, and E. B. Adams,

boldt on Mexico. eds. Documentos para la historia de

. , . . Yucatan. Mérida, 1936-1938. 3 v.

2301. Molina Solis, Juan Francisco. His- Three volumes of documents on Yucatecan history toria de Yucatan durante la dominacion from 1550 to 1766, from the Archivo General de espanola. Merida, 1904-1913. 3 v. Indias and other repositories. The first contains royal

Chronological, political-institutional history of Yuca- cedulas of the period 1550-1561; the second, docutan from the conquest to independence. Undocu- ments on religious history from 1560 to 1610; and the

212 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA third, the informe of the visiting commission of 1765- Testimonies of participants in the Noche Triste, two

1766.,months after the event. Adds detail to the information . . rovided by the standard chronicles.

2308. Suarez de Peralta, Juan. Noticias his- : ; | téricas de la Nueva Espafia. Madrid, 2314. Cortes, Hernan. Cartas de relacion de 1878. 392 p. la conquista de la Nueva Espana esHistory of the colony from the conquest to the late critas al Emper ador Carlos V, y otros sixteenth century, emphasizing public policies and documentos relativos a la conquista, mitary events nom the point of view of the white anos de 1519-1527. Codex Vindobonen-

upper-class Colonist. sis S.N. 1600. Charles Gibson and Franz 2309. Torquemada, Juan de. Primera [se- —_ Unterkirchen, eds. Graz, 1960. xxvii, gunda, tercera| parte de los veinte 1 un 336 (i.e., 672) p. illus., bibl. libros rituales 1 monarchia indiana ... Facsimile of the Vienna codex, which is the original

Madrid, 1725. 3 v. for Cortés’s letters, and some other materials relating

One of the great works on colonial Mexico. Torque- t© Conquest and discovery, including Cortes’s dismada wrote at great length and in prodigious detail Patches for the Alvaro Saavedra Ceron expedition at the beginning’ of the seventeenth century on Fran- and the instructions to the first Franciscans in Mexico.

ciscan history, preconquest Indian history, and the s s . colonial political history of the sixteenth century. The 2315. Cortes, Hernan. Cartas y relaciones result is a huge collection of data, remarkably thor- de Hernan Cortés al emperador Carlos

oughly indexed in the 1723 edition. V: colegidas e ilustradas por don Pas-

cual de Gayangos. Paris, 1866. 575 p. 3. Discovery and Conquest Classic edition of Cortés’s Cartas de relacién, also

: . Relacion b available numerous other editions, several 2310. Aguilar, Francisco de. Relacion brin €V€ English translations. The mostincluding important single acde la conquista de la Nueva Espana. count of the conquest of Mexico. Contains other com[Estudio y notas por Federico Gomez de munications from Cortés to Charles V, especially Orozco.] México, 1954. 115 p. (Biblio- concerning his Marquesado properties.

teca José Porrta Estrada de historia 2316. Diaz del Castillo, Bernal. Historia mexicana 2. | ser. La conquista 2), verdadera de la conquista de la Nueva

An eye-witness account of the conquest, but not Espana. Madrid. 1940. 2 v.

comparable to Cortés’s letters or Bernal Diaz’s His- Second only to Cortés’s letters as an account of the

toria. Aguilar did not have a discriminating eye for conquest of Mexico by a conquistador, issued in detail. His narrative provides some corroborative many editions of which the above is one. Discursive information and makes an occasional new contri- reminiscences, long after the event, with a sharp

bution. memory for detail. Famous description of the first

and colonization of Yucatan, 1517-1550. Washington, 1948. 365 p. illus., maps, 2317. Gardiner, C. Harvey. Naval power in

2311. Chamberlain, Robert S. The conquest Spanish marily oO _fcpochutlan. Postconquest events

bibl. (Carnegie Institution of Washington. the conquest of Mexico. Austin, 1956.

The most thorough modern study of the conquest of _(nterpretation of the conquest emphasizing the role

Yucatan, based on exhaustive archival labor. The f the brigantines.

principal attention is given to the conquest, but there s . , : . are chapters on political and ecclesiastical history 2318. Gomara, Francisco Lopez de. Historia

to 1550. de la,_. conquista México. México, - 1943.2de Vv. 2312. El conquistador anonimo. Relacion An elegant humanistic history of the conquest of

de algunas Cosas de la Nueva Espana Y Mexico, and a work published in many editions. Writde la gran ciudad de Temestitan, Méxi- ten by the secretary and chaplain of Cortés. Though co. Escrita por un compafiero de Her- Somewhat secondhand, a major source for the events y P s Z narrated. There is also an English translation by Lesley nan Cortes. Prologo y notas de Leon Byrd Simpson (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1964).

Diaz2319. Cardenas. México, 1941. 55 p., ; illus. El hallazgo de Ichcateopan. DictaAn eyewitness record of the conquest of Mexico with men que rinde la Comision designada por

occasional first-hand information not contained in acuerdo del C. Secretario de Educacioén other accounts. One of several editions of this text. Publica, en relacién con las investiga-

2313. Conway, George R.G., ed. La noche —ciones__y exploraciones realizadas en triste, documentos: Segura de la fron- —s_Ichcateopdan, Guerrero. RMEA. t. 11,

tera en Nueva Espana, ano de mdxx. 1950: 197-295.

Mexico, 1943. 105 p. illus. The first full technical report on the supposed dis-

MEXICO 213 covery of Cuauhtemoc’s grave. The matter received ject to the twentieth century. It has appeared also in wide attention in the years following 1949, but few amore recent edition (México, 1943).

now would take the find seriously. As this report in- . .

dicates, most evidence is against authenticity. 2326. Orozco y Berra, Manuel. Historia

2320. Iclesia. Ramon. Cron; hj antigua y de1960. la conquista - Iglesia, Ramon. Cronistas e historiaMéxico, 4 v. map, de bibl.México. (Bibliodores de la conquista de México, el ciclo teca Porruia 17-20).

de Hernan Cortés. Mexico, 1942. 287 p. A monument of nineteenth-century scholarship, now Critical discussion of the treatment of the conquest principally outdated. One of the first attempts system-

by Cortés, Peter Martyr, Gonzalo Fernandez de atically to reconstruct native Aztec society from Oviedo, and Francisco Lopez de Gomara. Demon- written sources. The account of the conquest has strates how the writers’ preconceptions and over-all _ stood the test of time better than the account of Aztec attitudes affected their interpretations of conquest. civilization.

Acute comments on each of the four historians. Sees wees .

Lépez de Gémara as a great writer, insufficiently ap- 2327. Prescott, William H. History of the preciated. conquest of Mexico, with a preliminary

2321. Leén-Portilla, Miguel, ed. The broken view of the ancient Mexican civilization;

spears: the Aztec account of the con- and the life of the conqueror, Hernando quest of Mexico, fromin original Cl Cortés. N. Le 1843. 3 Vv. illus.Someee . ae 4 assicadapted account English, frequently reissued.

coo del iv toria del descubrimiento y conquista de centenario de la muerte de Hernan Cor-

Yucatan. Mérida, 1896. Ix, 911 p. tés (1547-1947). Madrid, 1948. 615 p.

History of the conquest of Yucatan and of postcon- Illus.

quest events through the lifetime of Francisco de A collection of articles, originally appearing in RI, on Montejo. The foremost scholarly work on this sub- various themes relating to Cortés. Includes some ex-

214 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA cellent studies. and other legislative acts compiled by Juan Francisco

, . . Montemayor in the late seventeenth century, as well

2333. Vazquez de Tapia, Bernardino. Re- as the similar enactments compiled by Buenaventura lacion de méritos y servicios del con- _ Belefia for the period 1677-1786.

quistador Bemaraino Vasquez ce ee 2339. McAlister, Lyle N. The “fuero milivecino y regidor de esta gran ciudad de tar’ in New Spain. Gainesville, Fla.,

, : , 2 57.117 p. bibl.

Tenustitlan. Estudio y notas por Jorge 19 1 ‘bl

Gurria Lacroix. Mexico, J 953. 147 p. Late colonial privileges granted to the military, givbibl. (Biblioteca José Porrua Estrada de ing rise to disputes with civilian authorities. The

historia de México 1). origins of the military power that was to figure so

A sixteenth-century “statement of merits and ser- Prominently following independence. A concise, vices” by Vasquez de Tapia, in expectation and justi- thoroughly documented study.

fication of royal reward. It provides a surprisingly full 2340. Malagon Barceldé, Javier. La litera-

recore or me conque . tura juridica espafiola del siglo de oro 2334. Wagner, Henry R. The rise of Fer- en la Nueva Espana: notas para su esnando Cortés. Berkeley, 1944. 564 p. tudio. México, 1959. 173 p. illus., bibl. illus., maps. (Documents and narratives (Biblioteca Nacional de México. Insticoncerning the discovery and conquest tuto Bibliografico Mexicano 3). of Latin America, new ser. 3). History and bibliography of colonial Mexican litera-

Biography of the first part of Cortés’s life, including _ ture on law and legal theory.

the conquest and his early postconquest relations with . Ns .

Spanish colonists and Indians. Contains some per- 2341. . Mexico (City ). Cabildo. Actas de sonal, shrewd interpretations of Spanish and native cabildo de la ciudad de México. [Title behavior, but essentially fails to understand Cortés varies |. México, 1889-1916. 54 v. from other than a presentist point of view. Discussion Minutes of the city council meetings through the

of sources. colonial period. A storehouse of information, espe-

cially for the sixteenth century. Materials on the

4. Administration later period are spotty and less candidly expressed.

335.4 Arthur S. A deArthur Mend Much unpublished. 2335. Aiton, S.remains Antonio de Men . . i. first vj ceroy of New Spain. Du sham 2342. Mexico (Viceroyalty). Advertimientos N.C., 1927. 240 p. illus., map, bibl generales que los virreyes dejaron a sus

Biography of the first viceroy of Mexico (1535-1550) sucesores para el gobierno de Nueva with incidental data on bureaucracy, encomienda, Espana, 1590-1604. Mexico, I 956. 116 tribute, and other early colonial institutions. A care- p. (Documentos para la historia del Mé-

fully compiled, scholarly study. xico colonial publicados por France V. 2336. Archivo Mexicano. Documentos para Scholes y Eleanor B. Adams 2).

la historia de México. México. 1852-— [Texts of viceregal memorias to their successors in the

1853. 2 v. illus : ’ late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries.

Documents on the residencia of Cortés, withabundant 2343. Mexico (Viceroyalty). Instrucciones

data on his activities of the conquest and immediate que los virreyes de Nueva Espana de-

postconquest period. jaron a sus sucesores. México, 1867.

2337. Bobb, Bernard E. The viceregency of 317 p.

Antonio Maria Bucareli in New Spain, Statements by various viceroys to their successors on 1771-1779. Austin. 1962. 313 p. illus the conditions of the colony, ranging from the perfunc-

bibl ° ‘ ‘*? tory to the meticulous. Includes material of great value

101. orscholarly . unobtainable in other sources. Thorough investigation of the life and rule ; , of the eighteenth-century viceroy Antonio Maria 2344, Parry, John H. The Audiencia of New

nia urch, the military, the problems e . . i

Bucarent includes valuable analyses of the. late Galicia in the sixteenth century: a study northern provinces, mining, and governmental fi- an Sp anish colonial government. Cam

nance. bridge, 1948. 204 p. map. - . A case history and the best treatment to date of an

2338. Buenaventura Belena, Eusebio. Re- individual audiencia. Discusses the establishment of copilacion sumaria de todos los autos _ the audiencia in the mid-sixteenth century, its compoacordados de la Real audiencia y sala sition and jurisdiction, relations with the viceregal

¥ ~ audiencia in Mexico City, and subsequent history to

roviadencias su Priestley, superor gooierno. .,, México 1787. 2Vv. P€e . 2345. Herbert I. José de Galvez, del dencie qc esta Nueva Espana, Y the early seventeenth century.

One of the great collections of colonial Mexican law. visitor-general of New Spain (1765The 1787 publication includes the autos acordados 1771). Berkeley, 1916. 449 p. illus., maps,

MEXICO 215 bibl. (University of California. Publica- de. Teatro americano: descripcion ge-

tions in history 5). neral de los reynos, y provincias de la

Biography of a significant administrative figure of the Nueva-Espana, y sus _ jurisdicciones. eighteenth century, to whom is attributed much of the México, 1746-1748. 2 v.

. os . . ICO,

impetus for late colonial reform and the organization py jurisdictional survey of New Spain in the midof the sternal Provinces. Precise, well-organized eighteenth century, written at royal order. Towns

treatment of his visita. listed by alcaldias mayores or their equivalents, with 2346. Puga, Vasco de. Provisiones, cédu- roy5" Includes aress of the bishoprics of México. las, instrucciones, para el gobierno de Oaxaca, Michoacan, Guadalajara, and Durango. One la Nueva Espafia. Obra impresa en Mé- of the best sources for eighteenth-century demoxico, por Pedro Ocharte, en 1563, y graphic and social history. ahora editada en facsimil. Madrid, 1945.

canos, siglo xvi. 3). . , 213 p. (Coleccion de incunables ameri- 5. Economy

One of the first codifications of colonial Mexican 2352. Arcila Faria Ss Rauardo. El siglo

law, with an incomplete but large collection of royal ilustrado en America: retormas eCOnom-

orders through the 1550’s. cas del siglo xvii en Nueva Espana. 2347. Rubio Mamné, Jorge Ignacio. Intro- Contribucion al estudio de fas institu

54, 64), a

duccién al estudio de los virreyes de 1955. 37 5» (Biblioteca ver lana de Nueva Espafia, 1535-1746. México, itura, C i pl A ane. Bello). ana ce

1955-1961. 4 VY. maps. (Universidad Surve at Mexican ccanomn in the ci htcenth cenNacional Autonoma de Mexico. Insti- tury: corporations, markets, guilds, mines. obrajes, tuto ay Historia. Publicaciones. 32, 47, and related subjects. Examination of viceregal government in New Spain 2353. Borah, Woodrow. New Spain’s cento the mid-eighteenth century. The four volumes so tury of depression. Berkeley, 1951. 58 p.

far published cover the sixteenth century and selected (Ibero-americana 35). topics of the seventeenth. A large compilation from An economic interpretation of the seventeenth cen-

standard sources. tury, a period that historians have largely ignored.

. , Shows how the declining Indian population resulted

2348. Scholes, Walter V. The Diego Rami- in labor shortages and contributed to rising prices, rez visita. Columbia, 1946. 97 p. bibl. the development of haciendas, forced labor systems, (University of Missouri studies 20, no. and debt peonage. A well-reasoned and convincing

4). analysis.

Reconstruction of a sixteenth-century investigation . 3 . into tributes and encomiendas in central Mexico. 2354. Bor ah, Woodrow. Silk raising in co-

— lonial Mexico. Berkeley, 1943. 169 p.

2349. Simpson, Lesley B. Studies in the _ illus., maps, bibl. (Ibero-americana 20).

administration of the Indians in New History of the colonial silk industry in Mexico, inSpain. Berkeley, 1934-1940. 3 v. illus., cluding the role played by guilds, Indian growers, map. (Ibero-americana, 7, 13 16) weavers, and merchants. A concrete and informative

° > b b, bd

Under various complex subtitles gives the text of study. the laws of Burgos, data and documents on emancipa- 2355, Borah, Woodrow, and Sherburne F.

tion of the slaves, civil Price congregation, the labor . repartimiento. Cook. trends ofand some basic. com-

350. Vald Jeréni C del modities in central Mexico, 1531-1570. Y. Valderrama, Jeronimo. Cartas de Berkeley, 1958. 89 p. (Ibero-americana licenciado Jeronimo Valderrama y otros 40).

documentos sobre su visita al gobierno Examination of sixteenth-century price quotations de Nueva Espana, 1563-1565. México, for maize, wheat, clothing, cloth, salt, poultry, and 1961. 420 p. (Documentos para la his- other tribute commodities, demonstrating the rate of toria del México colonial publicados por Pree increase and its relation to dy increasing cost syance V. Scholes y Eleanor B. Adams numerous aspects of the colonial economy. Letters of Jerénimo Valderrama during and concern- 2356. Carrera Stampa, Manuel. The evoluHe his visita of New Spain in the 1560’s. The letters tion of weights and measures in New on Indian tribute payment, abuses of authority, and pain. HAHR. Vv. 29, Feb., 1949: 2 24. corrupt governmental practices. Includes also letters © arification or partial clarification of a vexing subfrom others bearing on the visita or the period. ject: the variety and inconsistency and vagueness of ; _ ; , ; colonial measurements. Tables of linear units, weights, 2351. Villa-Senor y Sanchez, Jose Antonio and liquid and arid quantities. The result of careful

, ical s ith new data on

eal with a variety of subjects, but they concentrate . >

216 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA

;:....:

research, but a subject on which still further research founders anticipated that they could dispense ulti-

is needed. mately with Indian labor. Puebla became the episcopal . seat of the bishopric that continued to be called

novonispanas. . Vz. no. 5, enero— . .

2357. “arrera Stampa, Manuel. ra feriaS Thaxcala. P

marzo 953: 319-342 maps 2362. Cook, Sherburne F. Soil erosion and

Examination of the Jalapa commercial fair in the population in central Mexico. Berkeley eighteenth century, with additional data on fairs at and Los Angeles, 1949. 86 p. illus., maps. Acapulco, San Juan de los Lagos, Saltillo, Chihuahua, (Ibero-americana 34).

and Taos. Maps of flota routes, in relation to the sites Scientific analysis of the process of soil erosion in and periodicity of the fairs, making Mexico an ex- central Mexico, concluding that the aboriginal period change point for goods from both Europe and Asia. js more important and the colonial period less im-

2358. Carrera Stampa, Manuel. Los gre- P°rtant than has been supposed.

mios mexicanos: la organizacioOn gremial 2363. Cook, Sherburne F., and Lesley B. en Nueva Espana, 1521-1861. México, Simpson. The population of central Mex-

1954. 399 p. illus., bibl. (Coleccién de ico in the sixteenth century. Berkeley,

estudios hist6ricoeconémicos mexicanos 1948. 241 p. map. (Ibero-americana 3 1).

de la Camara Nacional de la Industria First of a series of I[bero-americana issues dealing

de Transformacion 1) with century. the sharp reduction of Indian in the ; . . , sixteenth A pioneering andpopulation still important regen anatys of cram guilds and ther role im Study analyzing tribute and the records fr all area

, : ; and all major towns of central Mexico. The conclu-

atts and their regulations. especially in Mexico City” Sions were. widely eiticized in the late 1940's and

functions in the early period, and they remained in the nore ‘recent studies suggest that Cook and Simpson jate period’ as vestiges to which conservative interests may actually have underestimated the decline. Concludes that the Indian population at the time of the

2359. Chamberlain, Robert S. Simpson’s conquest stood at 11,000,000 and that this declined The encomienda in New Spain and-re- to 4.400.000 by 1565 and to 1,500,000 in the seven-

. . teenth studies. century. cent encomienda HAHR. v. 34, * _ May, 1954: 238-250. 2364. Dusenberry, William H. The Mexican

Discusses our present knowledge of the institution mesta: the administration of ranching in of encomienda in New Spain, in reference to the works colonial Mexico. Urbana, 1963. 253 p.

of L. B. Simpson, Silvio Zavala, and others. illus., map, bibl.

2360. Chevalier, Francois. La formation de Administrative history of the stockmen’s association grands domaines au Mexique: terre et from its establishment in 1529 to the end of the colo-

été ‘e-xviie ° Paries. nial period. Relation to slaughtering meat supply, societe aux XVI siecl XVI S1€ec aris, viceregal interests, hacienda, and and subsequent institu1952. XXVII, 480 p. illus., bibl. (Univer- tions. Appendixes give the Mesta ordinances of 1537

sité de Paris. Travaux et mémoires de and brands of the early stockmen.

Amonument Institut d'ethnologie 56).modern int vat 2365. Fonesca, Fabian de, and Carlos°de among historical interpretations .. of colonial Mexico, and the first attempt to face Urrutia. Historia general de real ha

squarely the problem of the emergence and role of the _cienda. Mexico, 1845-1 853. 6 V. hacienda. Written from abundant published and un- Abundant data on the official economic government published documents and imaginatively conceived Of Mexico, especially in the eighteenth century. A with respect to social classes, economic drives, and Major source for the history of economic monopolies, the historical process in general. The hacienda de- taxes, sources of royal income, and political-economic veloped especially in the arid north in a tradition that history in general.

broke in significant ways from the encomienda tra- 2366. Gomez de Cervantes. Gonzalo. La dition. Theofwork contains important insights a ‘d ysy Social ‘al 4 de N ° EESvast number topics of the sixteenth and seventeenth vidainto economica de Nueva centuries. There is a Spanish edition (México, 1956) pana al finalizar el siglo xvi. Alberto with new pictorial material, and an English edition Maria Carreno, ed. México, 1944. 218 p. edited by Lesley Byrd Simpson (Berkeley, 1963). illus. (Biblioteca hist6rica mexicana de

2361. Chevalier, Francois. Signification so- obras inéditas 19). ciale de la fondation de Puebla de los Writer in aan Deals with the agpcuitural, : . — and other products of Mexico and the forcedmineral, labor gees: RHA. no. 23, jun., 1947: 105 systems through which they were obtained. Tables of

. precious metal export and illustrations of cochineal

anda . land 0 nes . _ where Indian settlement was sparse and where

fog Anaeles othe early 1830's ‘The te wae chosen harvest An important source for economic practices

encroachment would therefore not be serious. The 2367. Gonzalez Navarro, Moisés, ed. Repar-

MEXICO

: 10

timient uento de indi

Tdeny istoria. p. (Museo Naci ia. labor. Well-ch 217 1953. Serie 237 en ci Nueva Galici ° ox of 210 docum a cientifica 1) acional 2374. Mi chosen documents of e teen hore: Indian labor near’ all fromofGuadalai d .elMiranda, Jose. xceptional interest r eighteenth abor srepartimientos th alajara, encomend . LaLfunci6n economi

e, Walt ( colonial origene

2368. How es. e seven- régimen ero en los ori onomica

New Spain er. The minin ; 1525-1531) A de Nueva s del 1770-182 and its trib g guild of 421-462 . AINA. t. 2 Espana 534 1. Cambrid unal gene Demonstrates . 2, 1941-1946:

studi p. map, bibl { ge, Mass. 1949 omy, throws the positive sid Exominute 56). . Harvard historical comenderos nc upchaeine of capital wactal econ

Examination of the mining gui nancing mines, ran asing European useful to enize the mini wn to have fai ence move the j sixteenth ce evident to 1 erprises. An tribunal is shown snd dependence monawent Th aspect or rocnienda eviden Other enterpr and in

iningany Ordi ave succeed meshes PL substantial steams Motesle dent to uppors

im 75. Mi ooked by

Coll Inances of gal preced . ed in randa fs

. Kirk . on the vi. Méxi duelena patrick ; Com exico, 1952ana rante si

3360, of Mines. 1783. Contains chapter on its i iv Nueva Een El tributo indig

less encomiend: Frederick A. Th Comprehensive >, 1992. 350 p. siglo

A ee: 765-77 4dea.»HAHR. v. 23 ean: century nt, with a ton of the history of Indi Additional £9, INOV. part shifts in policy and analysis of D sixtee ran involve land monstration thlarge > tasaci on the partic nd practice. xteenthgrant e pavilene bn encomienda did riods th eExamines cular of El ieee in ge ininet return f epresented i not Of doz first audi rlydata preceden e las

2370. Lee. R or services. instead a a a, Velasco, and the late’ second ts and the pe-

tiion , Raymond L , s theIndian political etri late sixte audiencia, Menand . Coch , econo enth ce n v.4,A trade in New S chineal produc an tribute. mic, and social implicatio well

Study of Apr, 1988; 449-473. to 1600. TA. 2376. Motten, Cl plications of

of cochine echnical proce " and th ? Jement G .

. Cc the ginall y in pnia

Indian an eal Production. The dustry oe on origi history study A 1950.in 90 intel p enlightenment east silver a consequen rapidly in y was 101. iladelphi

cochineal an and of European Sixteentt of andange, .‘ nalwas trade. valuable ere ini century the eighteffect ideas onate Mexi internatio established and. Byd€1600 duction ghtenment id nological chtech the

9371. e, Le Raym yestuff ncesion to theof missi ican silver Faeenth y, centur Motably wiprocolonial Mexi ond L. Grain legis] 2377. Nesmith, Rob usto de Ethuyar with ref-

27 ico, 1575- islation | fir mith, Robert _

gulations affecti : 647-660 . Vv. City, 1536 e Americ ge of the

° 1 echni ;

wheat flour eerie supply and illus. (The 72. N.Y-I., 955413 Mexico ples a and cruthe. riculture o ’prod 0 uction oeae meri affecting ain decade in the Bwaicn it depend - ciety. Numis Jean Numismati ? P.

2372. E istory of legislation graphs 131) matic Notes and. Mono1952.6 eva Espana, si es de pueblos and operation int, and summar rations of the coi Encomicnds a P. , Siglo xvi. Mexico 2378. P ) y of its establishment

cari eg eeae ot | 2378. Faso y Troncaso, Franc a atioted chang granted, cata on a ange number of 1905-1 948° 9 Nueva. Espaiia.. del, ed

. , an . - asses A . . . na. M . °

the regist at partidoniduals the individ sedhi series of iimport . v., illus adrid . er ofchanges tri icular wh s of °.;

tribute chahad ributes of ates. Th . oi0 teenth istory in ance sixteenthfor si centh-century ethno nges the e text is Sde central been recovered. to beAudienci the “kuaiencia, where visitas (a eeosnphieal 2373 M ° a of itShas century), ical survey of u €s the . Mexico. 1 numb century), andand thethrelaciones rethmid-sixNacional. Domania de la E 2379. Prad ities as of ca. nes geograficas of a

Nacional. Documentos para ia conomia Oe ete of Meee aia ed.] Ment [Luis cstoria Columbian & of Mexico from. Numis-

3.S1)-

re imeographed €XICO, 1933-1938. havez o from ion, principally Pa¢ lection of econ 12 1938 v, Histlan 146epoch p. illusto1823. Losthe A pre-

nineteenth werturv. § the late "economic documenta. ory of minting a . . ngeles, industries, the, repartimientos, roy Specific economi period andcajas earlymap 2380. Ro nd coinage in 9 coloni mining Indian Washington 7193 4 titles of Eb

and obraje ingtgton. , bibl.Publicati (Carnegie I + 472 Washp. of illuS-. ion nstitution 505).

218 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA Maya and Spanish legal materials relating to the agriculture, and commerce are discussed. Based on

community of Ebtun in the seventeenth and eighteenth published and archival sources. An important contri-

centuries. Very carefully transcribed, edited, ex- bution.

lained, and indexed. Appendix is a transcription of eye ,

the Documentos de tierras de Sotuta. P 2387. Zavala, Silvio A., and Mar 1a Castelo,

; oe. 8 v.

5381. Sandoval. F do B. La ind , eds. Fuentes para la historia del trabajo - Sandoval, Fernando b. La industria en Nueva Espafia. México, 1939-1946. del azicar en Nueva Espana. México,

1951. 373 Pp. illus. (Publicaciones del Documents reprinted from various ramos of the Ar-

Instituto de historia. 1 ser. 21). chivo General de la Nacién, Mexico, concerning

Full examination of the colonial sugar industry and labor ‘and subjects relating to labor. Zavala’s intro-

its function in the domestic and export economy. New _ ductions to the volumes provide a running commen-

material on the entrepreneurial role of the Cortés tary and history of colonial labor practices. The texts

family and on technical aspects of the industry. Illus- are especially useful with reference to repartimiento,

trations are of special interest. which was the labor system most closely supervised

by the government and hence the one that received

lonial 5). ,

2382. Scholes, France V., and Eleanor B. most attention in official documentation. Some maAdams, eds. Sobre el modo de tributar terial on other labor practices, including peonage. los indios de Nueva Espana a S.M., A massive, intelligently selected collection. 1561-1564. México, 1958. 141 p. (Docu-

mentos para la historia del México co- 6. Society

Testimonies and records concerning tribute pay- 2388. Aguayo Spencer, Rafael, ed. Don ment: amounts, assessments, tributaries, payments Vasco de Quiroga; documentos. Bioin kind, and other details. Relates to towns of central erafia de Juan José Moreno, Ordenan-

Mexico im the 1560's. zas de los hospitales, Testamento, Infor-

2383. Simpson, Lesley B. The encomienda macion en derecho, Juicio de residencia, in New Spain. The beginning of Spanish Litigio por la isla de Tultepec. Mexico,

Mexico. [rev. and enl. ed.] Berkeley, 1939. 472 p. illus. (Biblioteca mexicana

1950. 257 p. map, bibl. de historia).

Revised edition of a work first published in 1929. The A collection of significant documents relating to best study in English of the Mexican encomienda in Quiroga, including the ordinances of the Santa Fe the sixteenth century. Important data on the West hospitals and the litigation over Tultepec.

Indian encomienda as precedent, relations between . ;

encomenderos and the crown, restrictive legislation, 2389. Aguirre Beltran, Gonzalo. La pobla-

and the “tamed” encomienda of the late sixteenth cion negra de México, 1519-1810: escentury. Revisions relate chiefly to the application of tudio etnohistérico. México, 1946. 347 p.

new demographic data to encomienda history. maps, bibl.

2384. Simpson, Lesley B. Exploitation of The only serious study of the Negro population of land in central Mexico in the sixteenth New Spain. Treats ethnic types, slave contracts,

century. Berkeley, 1952. 92 p.demography, maps.and relations with other colonial classes.

(Ibero-americana 36). 2390. Barrio Lorenzo, Juan F. de. El tra-

Sheep and cattle increased in the sixteenth century bajo en México durante la época coloas Indian population declined, and the ranches occu- nial. Ordenanzas de gremios de la Nueva pies the areas that Indians vacated. A Statistica’ Study Espafia. México, 1920. 315 p. illus.

© of Ie d ants, eps: nd t Ol ‘icate lan q Texts of ordinances of various craft guilds of the

S1Z€ tj 59 gran “rf a eial M abies Indicate 'an@ colony, providing data on guild organization, techrants I £7 TEBIONS OF COONIAL NECAICO. niques of craftsmanship, ethnic classes, and similar 2385. Smith, Robert S. Sales taxes in New _ topics, principally for Mexico City. From the six-

Spain, 1575-1770. HAHR. v. 28, Feb teenth to the eighteenth century.

1948: 2-37. 2391. Borah, Woodrow, and Sherburne F.

A valuable article in economic history. The rationale, Cook. The aboriginal population of Cenprocedure, and institutional problems of alcabala col- tral Mexico on the eve of the Spanish lection are set forth in detail.

conquest. Berkeley, 1963. 157 p. maps.

2386. West, Robert C. The mining com- (Ibero-americana 45).

munity in northern New Spain: the Pa- This study modifies upward the estimates made in an rral mining district Berkeley 1949. 169 earlier article. The conclusions have been questioned

biblMap, (Ib aa ° 30)ero-amencana by A. Rosenblat and others and remain controversial. Pp.Il1ius., O10}. - An important contribution to Mexican historical

Careful examination of the Parral mining area, one demography. [C.C.G.] of the important silver-producing regions of the colony, in the seventeenth century. Technology, labor, 2392. Borah, Woodrow, and Sherburne F.

Mexico 219 Cook. The population of central Mexico tionand a sharper rate of decline.

in 1548: an analysis of the Suma de visi- 2398. Durand, José. La transformacién sotas de pueblos. Berkeley, 1960. 215 p. _ cial del conquistador. México, 1953. 2 v.

maps, bibl. (Ibero-americana 43). (México y lo mexicano 15-16).

Population analysis of the Suma de visitas, presenting Discussion of the familiar assertion that Spaniards the thesis that the comparable figure of S. F. Cook rose in the social scale on migrating to the colony. and L. B. Simpson is too low by about 1,000,000. The Against this tendency however is the tendency of conclusion depends on a new assessment of the rela- hidalgos to engage in commercial and other suppostion between tributary and nontributary population. edly demeaning undertakings.

2393. Carrillo y Gariel, Abelardo. El traje 2399. Fernandez de Recas, Guillermo S.

en la Nueva Espafia. México, 1959. Mayorazgos de la Nueva Espafia. Mé207 p. illus. ({Instituto Nacional de — xico, 1965. 1,509 p. illus. (Biblioteca Antropologia e Historia} Direccion de Nacional de México. Instituto Biblio-

Monumentos Coloniales 7). _ . grafico Mexicano [publicacién] 10).

Reworking of the author’s /ndumentaria colonial a Documents relating to 62 entailed estates, mainly través de la pintura (México, 1948). Illustrated his- jn Mexico City but including other parts of Mexico. tory of styles of dress of colonial men and women of Contains precise data on the major colonial families. various classes. Useful data for dating unidentified Numerous illustrations, chiefly portraits of family paintings, and important in its own right as social heads and photographs of places of residence.

history. Glossary of terms relating to dress. . ; ; . 2400. Gardiner, C. Harvey. Martin Lopez,

2394. Cavazos Garza, Israel, ed. Cedulario Conquistador citizen of Mexico. Lexingautobiografico de pobladores y conquis- ton, Ky., 1958. 193 p. bibl. tadores de Nuevo Leon. Monterrey, Reconstructs the biography of one of Cortés’s soldiers 1964. 257 p. (Biblioteca de Nuevo Le6n in the conquest, Martin Lépez, the carpenter who

2). built the brigantines.

Autobiographical data by over 400 settlers in Nuevo , 4 . . Leon in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, in 2401 . Gonzalez Obregon, Luis. Rebeliones

appeals for favors. Exemplifies a class of materials indigenas y precursores de la indepenthat can be no more than sampled in this bibliography. dencia mexicana en los siglos XVI, XVII,

. y. ; i e suprisin rge number ebellions

2395. Cervantes de Salazar, Francisco. Mé- Reviow. a 2. ed. Mexico, 195. 2. 495 La illus. X1CO en 1554. Tres dialogos latinos tra- in Mexican colonial history, giving circumstances ducidos por Joaquin Garcia Icazbalceta; and essential facts for each. First published in 1906. notas preliminares de Julio Jiménez . . Rueda. México, 1939. 189 p. (Biblioteca 7402. Jimenez Rueda, Julio. Herejias y

del estudiante universitario 3) supersticiones en la Nueva Espana. Los

Previously published several times, first in 1554. heterodoxos en Mexico. Mexico, 1946. Latin exercises in the form of dialogues describing 307 _ Pp. bibl. (Universidad Nacional the streets, people, and buildings of Mexico City in Autonoma de México. Monografias histhe 1550’s. There is also an English edition (Austin, toricas 1).

Texas, 1953). Catalog and analysis of Indian survivals, Protes2396. Chevalier, Francois. Signification — ‘antism, Fas aa OEamos, | mysticism, witch

sociale de la fondation de Puebla de los Vixion Angeles. 23, jun., 1947:del 105;,a 130. 2403.RHA. Leon, no. Nicolas. Las castas México

Account of the foundation of the city of Puebla de colonial o Nueva Espana: noticias etnolos Angeles in the early 1530’s. The site was chosen antropologicas. México, 1924. 76 p. where Indian setthement was sparse and where land illus.. bibl. (Museo Nacional de Arqueo-

encroachment wouldthat therefore notdispense be serious. logs ? Hisy tori E fj Publi founders anticipated they could ulti-The Ogla, istorla tnogratia. ublica-

mately with Indian labor. Puebla became the episcopal ciones del Departamento de Antroseat of the bishopric that continued to be called pologia Anatomica 1).

Tlaxcala. Illustrated commentary on ethnic types. .

2397. Cook, Sherburne F., and Woodrow 5494, Linné, Sigvald. El valle y la ciudad de

Borah. The Indian population of central eos wae foe or Mexico. 1531-1610. Berkeley. 1960 México en 1550: relaci6n historica fun-

’ , Ys " dada sobre un mapa geografico, que se

109 p. maps,the bibl. (Ibero-americana 44). concludes onserva enconserva la biblioteca Re-examines statistical evidence and © I de . la Universi-

that the demographic conclusions of Cook and Simp- dad de Uppsala, Suecia. Stockholm, son should be revised to yield a higher initial popula- 1948. 220 p. illus., maps, bibl. (Statens

220 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA Etnografiska Museum, Stockholm. New Estudios hist6ricos americanos [Ho-

ser. Publication 9). menaje a Silvio Zavala], México, 1953.

Reproduces and comments on a map of ca. 1550 p. 425-4764.

showing geographical locations and various activities ; , ; . social history: social classes, houses, decoration, 2405. Lopez de Villasenor, Pedro. Cartilla techniques, transportation, marriage, religion, and

of Mexico City and its environs. Summary of data and sources relating to colonial

vieja de la nobilisima ciudad de Puebla other subjects. The article includes much information

(1781). Ed. e indices de José I. Mante- 174 brief compass. con. Introd. de Efrain Castro, Jr. México, 2411. Muriel de la Torre, Josefina. Hospi1961. 484 p. illus. (Universidad Nacional tales de la Nueva Espafia. México, 1956-

Aut6noma de México. Instituto de In- 1960. 2 v. (Publicaciones del Instituto vestigaciones Estéticas. Estudios y de Historia. | ser. 35, 62).

fuentes del arte en México 2). Full catalog and historical data on the various hospi-

, bibl.

An eighteenth-century transcription from the archives tals of the colony.

of Puebla, with the texts of relevant official docu- 3412. Romero de Terreros y Vinent, Manuel following the foundation of the city in the sixteenth Los acueductos de Mexico en la histor la century. A compendium of the city’s colonial record. y en el arte. México, 1949. 157 p. illus.,

ments, names of municipal offices, and other data 7. . .°

2406. Lop eZ Sarrelangue, Delfina E. Una Illustrates a number of colonial aqueducts and comvilla mexicana en el siglo XVIII. Mexico, ments on their significance for history and for art

1957. 326 p. illus. (Colecci6n cultura history.

mexicana 20). 2413. Romero de Terreros y Vinent, Manuel

A source ofinabundant information villa ntiguas of At . haciendas haciendasde deMexico. Méxi ’ Méxj " Guadalupe the eighteenth century:on itsthe growth, Mexico,

water supply, buildings, administration, fiestas, and 1956. 314 p. illus., bibl. many other aspects of the life of the town. Examines about forty haciendas and traces their

. . histories in so far as information is now available.

2407. Marshall, Cecil E. The birth of the Examples of wide geographical distribution and varymestizo in New Spain. HAHR. v. 19, ing economic type. An important contribution with

May, 1939: 161-184. many photographs of surviving hacienda buildings.

Discussion of mestization in colonial Mexico and of 2414. Scholes, France V., and Eleanor B. relations between mestizos and other groups in the } - 4 : society. Royal and ecclesiastical authorities encour- Adams, eds. Moderacion de doctrinas de

aged intermarriages between Spaniards and natives. la Real Corona administradas por las

; Ordenes mendicantes, 1623. México,

2408. Martin, Norman F. Los vagabundos 1959. 80 p. (Documentos para la hisen la Nueva Espana, siglo xvi. México, toria del México colonial 6).

1957. 200 p. bibl. Data on population loss in specified towns to the early

Documented study of New Spain’s vagabond popula- seventeenth century, and consequent adjustments in tion, which began to appear immediately following tribute assessment.

the conquest and remained through the sixteenth . ‘ . . century. Attempts at solution of the problems of vaga- 2415. Valle Arizpe, Artemio de, ed. Historia

bondage included forced labor, foundation of new de la ciudad de México segun los relatos towns, and enlistment on expeditions of exploration de sus cronistas. México, 1939. 541 p.

a. : f Mexico.

and conquest. An anthology of chroniclers’ descriptions of the city

2409. Mendizabal, Miguel O. de. La demo- eee

grafia mexicana. Epoca colonial: 1519- 2416. Warren, Fintan B. LJ . Benedict |. Vas-

1810. Demografia colonial del siglo xvi, © de Quiroga and his pueblo-hospitals 1519-1599. Consecuencias demografi- Of Santa Fe. Washington, 1963. 133 p. cas del choque de la cultura occidental __illus., bibl. (Academy of American Francon las culturas de México. rrescan History.of Monograph series dD.the , . o.8 _ e indigenas most scholarly treatment Quiroga and

In his Obras comp letas, Mexico, 1946 Santa Fe hospitals, and the problems concerning

1947, 6v. V. 3: 307-335. Quiroga’s dependence upon More’s Utopia.

One of the first atempts to study systematically the

decline of the Indian population of New Spain. Con- ok

cludes that the population dropped from ca. 9,000,000 7. Religion

ineee 1519 toca. 3,000,000 1574. . . . . de m m 2417. Alegre, FranciscoinJavier. Historia 2410. Morales Rodriguez, Sergio. Costum- la provincia de la Compania de Jesus de bres y creencias en la Nueva Espana. /n Nueva Espana. Nueva ed. por Ernest J.

MEXICO 221 Burrus and Félix Zubillaga. Rome, 1956— Description of the central Franciscan province and 1960. 4 v. illus., maps. (Bibliotheca In- '*8 towns and clergy as of ca. 1585 by Pedro Oroz,

stituti Historici S.J. 9, 13, 16-1 7). Jeronimo Mendieta, and Francisco Suarez. A full eighteenth-century history of the colonial 2424. Decorme, Gerard. La obra de los vesints. including their york all of oan conversion and education. Covers areas of Newjesuitas Spainmexicanos where : durante _ Sy la época coloJesuits were active. The annotated Burrus-Zubillaga hi 1572 ane Mexico, 1941. 2 v.

edition is far superior to the Carlos Maria Busta- 1US., Maps, DIDI. oe ;

mante edition of 1841-1842. The best modern history of the Jesuits in Mexico. 2418. Basalenque, Diego. Historia de la 2425. Demarest, Donald, and Coley Taylor,

provincia de San Nicolas de Tolentino eds. The dark Virgin: the book of Our

de Michoacan, del Orden de N.P.S. Lady of Guadalupe, a documentary Agustin. Introd. y notas de José Bravo = anthology. Freeport, Me., 1956. 256 p.

Ugarte. México, 1963. 446 p.(Coleccién _ illus. .

México heréico 18) An anthology of material on the Guadalupe cult, an

History of the Augustinian order in Michoac4n. de- important subject that has stimulated a large literature scribing the original foundation in Tiripitio, the ex- 2! Weak scholarly quality. One of the few sources in

tension into other communities, and the lives of out- ngs’. ; ; standing Augustinians. 2426. Florencia, Francisco de. Historia de

2419. Borah, Woodrow. The collection of | /@ Provincia de la Compania a 4008 tithes in the bishopric of Oaxaca during 740C Neu Jesun netory of the late sixteenth and

the sixteenth century. HAHR. v. 21, .venteenth centuries.

Aug., 1941: 2427. Garcia Icazbalceta, Don fray Full details on 386409. tithe collection procedure in OaxacaJoaquin. ° y , iquin, 12¢

in the early period. Systems of direct collection and Juan de Zumarraga, primer obispo y tax farming, the problem of the liability of the Indian arzobispo de México: estudio biografico population, relation to encomienda, dispostion of y bibliografico. México, 1881. 2 v. illus. revenues, the excusado, and related subjects. The foremost biography of Zumarraga, with an ap2420. Borah, Woodrow. Tithe collection pendix of important documents. A second edition was

in the bishopric of Oaxaca, 1601-1867. Published in 1947. ;

HAHR. v. 29, Nov., 1949: 498-517. 2428. Greenleaf, Richard E. Zumarraga and

Tithe collection in the period following that of Borah’s the Mexican Inquisition, 1536-1543. earlier article. The seventeenth and eighteenth cen- Washington, 1961. 155 p. illus., bibl. turies witnessed the development of an intricate, onan Lic. efficient, and coercive ecclesiastical control, in con- (Academy of American Franciscan His

trast to the uneconomical procedures of the sixteenth tory. Monograph ser. 4). :

century. Oaxaca was typical of the colony. The system | Summaries of cases under Bishop Juan de Zumarraga,

persisted until the liberal reform of the nineteenth to whom early inquisitorial powers were granted. century. An important article on a subject that has Data on the episcopal inquisition, procedure, and

received little attention. Zumarraga’s campaign against Indian idolatry and a superstition. Much new material, clearly set forth,

2421. Braden, Charles. Religious aspects of — from archival sources.

SITY. 1 10nS). 5 , , . maps, Mexican conquest. An introduction to the subject in 10}. oo, the sata o moc. quran. N.C., 3429. Jacobsen, Jerome V. Educational founsity. P oe ons). Ib]. (Duke Univer- dations of the Jesuits in sixteenth-century

Identifies and discusses the religious themes of the Nee Spain Berkeley, 1938. 292 p. maps

English, in large part superseded by Ricard’s La Straightforward history of Jesuit educational insti-

; sximo, . . hers.

“conquéte spirituelle.”’ tutions: San Pedro y San Pablo, San Ildefonso, the

2422. Chauvet, Fidel de J. Fray Juan de Colegio Maximo, Puebla, Tepotzotlan, and others

Zumarraga. México, 1948. 370 p. (Bi- 2430. Jiménez Moreno, Wigberto. The Inblioteca de los Anales de la Provincia dians of America and Christianity. A. Ti-

del Santo Evangelio de México, 3). besar, tr. TA. v. 14, Apr., 1958: 75-95.

A modern biography supplementing but not supplant- Too broad a title for an article that deals with the

ing the biography by Garcia Icazbalceta. process of Indian conversion in colonial Mexico. . oy. Identifies the period 1550-1590 as the one in which 2423. Chauvet, Fidel de J., ed. Relacion de Christian solidity in central Mexico was reinforced la descripcion de la provincia del Santo by the growth of the Guadalupe cult. The type of Evangelio que es en las Indias Occiden- Christianity embraced by the Indian was a “Guadatales que llaman la Nueva Espafia. Mé-_ lupinist Catholicism.” A brief but significant article.

xico, 1947. 203 p. illus., maps, bibl. 2431. Lamb, Ursula. Religious conflicts in

222 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA the conquest of Mexico. JHI. v. 17, Oct. exemplares de la Nueva Espana en el

1956: 526-539. Nuevo Mundo Occidental de las Indias.

Penetrating insights into the psychology of religious Madrid, 1960. 4 v. map. (Coleccion

conversion and the spiritual and social tensions Chimalistac de libros y documentos

created by the convergences of Catholicism and the ~ 9

Aztec religion. Sections on the creed, sacraments, The hatch de la Nueva Espana S 11).

status of the Indian convert, and extent of conversion. € first three parts concern the natural environment, political history, and military history of New Spain

2432. Medina, José T. Historia del Tribunal and are respectable but undistinguished contributions.

del Santo Oficio de la Inquisicion en oe or ommelio, with precise descriptions of Fran. Mexico. 2. ed. amphiada por J. Jimenez ciscan establishments and communities in the sevenRueda. Mexico, 1952. 450 p. bibl. (Bib- teenth century and important sections on Mexico

lioteca de historia de México). City and Puebla.

A full history of the Mexican Inquisition. This second : . . edition, with additions by Jiménez Rueda, is prefer- 2438. Zambrano, Francisco. Diccionario able to the original edition of 1905. biobibliografico de la Compafia de 2433. Mexico (Ecclesiastical province). Coun- asus en Mexico. Mexico, 1961-1965. cil, 1555. Concilios provinciales primero, First four volumes of a continuing series, which will y segundo, celebr ados en la muy noble, be the definitive reference work for the Jesuits of

y muy leal ciudad de México... Dalos colonial Mexico. a luz Francisco A. Lorenzana... Méxi-

co, 1769. 396 p. 8. Culture

Official texts of the rules of the first two ecclesiastical

councils in Mexico, in 1555 and 1565. 2439. Fernandez del Castillo, Francisco.

2434. Muriel de la Torre, Josefina. Con- Oe yes en el siglo xvi. Mexico,

ventos monjas en la Nuevaincluding Espana. documents Pp. . sas . : de A mine of information on print-

eye xteo» 1946. 553 p. illus. nee % bibl. ing, book importation, and selling, together with

; Bs, focations, uses, occupants, and other sub- elated decrees and legislation. Also includes some jects relating to the colonial Mexican nunneries. information on social life. [1.L.]

2435. Ricard, Robert. La “conquete spiri- 449. Kubler, George. Mexican architec-

tuelle du Mexique. Essai sur l’apostolat ture of the sixteenth century. New et es. methodes ‘Nouvelle-E des ordres Haven, 1948. 2 v. illus., map, bibl. (Yale mendiants = en Ouvele-respagne de historical publications. History of art 5).

1523-24 a 1572. Paris, 1933. 404 P- Much more than a history of architecture, and one illus., map, bibl. (Université de Paris. of the foremost modern contributions to colonial Institut d’Ethnologie. et méMexican history. Deals wih (Spanish and Indian . peoples as Travaux a social context within which architectura ees 2 examination of Mexican religious form developed and through which it may be under-

” ; : ; stood. Relevant topics of demography, Christianiza-

tifies ae the to the 1570's, Hind period that Ricard iden- tion and labor are treated in full detail. Architecture tifies as the Golden Age of the missionary movement. —_j, analyzed particularly with a view to establishing Clear insights into the motivations of missionaries gyact dating. Abundant illustration

and the responses of Indian converts. Systematic

?°>3ee-

exposition with a valuable bibliographical essay. Also 2441. Leonard, Irving A. Baroque times in

available in Spanish and English translations. old Mexico: seventeenth-century per2436. Rico Gonzalez, Victor, ed. Documen- sons, places, and practices. Ann Arbor, tos sobre la expulsion de los jesuitas y scone ne sone: and events on nt sa teenth cen ocupacion de sus temporalidades en tury, demonstrating the Baroque characteristics of

Nueva Espana (1722-1783). Intr oduc- the period. Emphasis on literary manifestations of the

cion y version paleografica de Victor Baroque. Chapters on Fray Garcia Guerra, FranRico Gonzalez. México, 1949. 254 p. cisco de Aguiar y Seijas, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz,

toria. 1 Ser. 13). oe

(Publicaciones del Instituto de His- yard subjects y Gongora, the Baroque society, Abundant documentary materials on a little-known 2442. Leonard, Irving A. Don Carlos de subject, the disposition of former Jesuit properties Siguenza y Gongora, a Mexican savant aut the expursion. Fetters by three eighteenth-cen- of the seventeenth century. Berkeley,

ary wiceroys irom 0 NESS 1929. 287 p. illus., map, bibl. (Univer-

2437. Vetancurt, Agustin de. Teatro mexi- sity of California. Publications in hiscano: descripci6n breve de los sucessos tory 18).

MExIco 223

Scholarly biography of a seventeenth-century intel- Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas. ecual and antiquarian, who vas royal cosmogrepher Estudios y fuentes del arte en México 8) . ; . ~ Description of an aristocratic eighteenth-century cola and the Mexico City uprising of 1692. house in Mexico City and inventory of its contents.

2443. McAndrew, John. The open-air Illustrations of architectural details and personal churches of sixteenth-century Mexico: >elongings. atrios, posas, open chapels, and other 2450. Siguenza y Gongora, Carlos de. Obras,

studies. Cambridge, Mass., 1965. xxxi, con una biografia escrita por Francisco

755 p. illus., maps, bibl. Pérez Salazar. México, 1928. 1xxxviii, Large-scale survey of open churches based on wide 390 p. illus. knowledge of the written sources and the surviving Texts of the writings of an important intellectual monuments. Securely fixes the architectural styles figure of the seventeenth century. Illustrations of in their historical setting. Many good illustrations. title pages.

2444. Olavarria y Ferrari, Enrique de. 2451, Spell, Jefferson R. The life and works

’ ~V~. . iladelphia, , p. bibl. (Univer-

Keema istorica del teatro de México. of José Joaquin, eae de Lizard.

during the colonial period. d li23).) ; ; ; oo, Romance languages and [I.L.] literatures Contains a great deal of information on the theater sity of Pennsylvania. Publications in

2445. Rico Gonzalez, Victor. Historiadores First important study of ‘El Pensador Mexicano” mexicanos siglo xviii: estudios his- 17761827) and author of thecolonial first American novel i 4 11del 1 eriquilio Sarniento, a Satire Of late society toriograficos sobre , Clavijero, Veytia, influenced by French philosophies of the eighteenth

Cavo, y Alegre. Mexico, 1949. 218 p. century. [LL] : bibl. (Publicaciones del Instituto de . ; Historia. 1 Ser. 12) 2452. Steck, Francis B. Early Mexican

Intelligent analysis of four Mexican historians of the liter ature. In Hispanic American essays eighteenth century. Principal attention given to Cla- in commemoration of James Alexander vigero (Clavijero), the most original and the most Robertson, A. C. Wilgus, ed. Chapel Hill, successful of the four. Clavigero’s humanistic and 1942 p. 39-66.

imtceral historical method contrasts watt the C isorder Review of sixteenth-century writing in Mexico, with ea hea and the rigid chronological formulation 0 explanation of the major works and some critical com-

" mentary. Sections on history, verse, scientific writing,

Arte México, 1916. Arte 242 p. ye’ . illus. colonial. 2453. Toussaint, Manuel. colonial

2446. Romero de Terreros y Vinent, Manuel. church saw, medicine, ang other topics. A brief use-

Comment and illustrations relating to colonial furni- en... México. México, 1948 [i.e., 1949]. ture, silver, ceramics, and other artistic materials. xxxi, 5O1 p. illus. List of silversmiths. A basic source. Monumental comprehensive survey of colonial Mexi‘ can Manuel. art, presented 2447. Romero de Terreros y Vinent, trations by periods and with many illus-

El arte en México durante el virreinato: ; ;

resumen histérico. México, 1951. 159 p. 2454. Toussaint, Manuel, ‘Federico Gomez

illus., bibl. de Orozco, and Justino Fernandez. Planos

bibl. . . .

Useful survey of colonial architecture, sculpture, de la ciudad de Mexico: Siglos XV1Y XVII. painting, engraving, and other arts. 150 illustrative Estudio historico, urbanistico, y oiblio-

plates. grafico. México, 1938. 200 p. illus., bibl. ‘ Analyzes various sixteenth- and seventeenth-century 2448. Romero de Terreros y Vinent, Manuel. plans of Mexico City to revise earlier interpretations. Gr abados y gr abadores en la Nueva {Includes colonial illustrations of the city. An original

Espana. México, 1948. 575 p. illus., contribution.

Full illustrated history of colonial engraving, with 2455, Weismann, Elizabeth Ww. Mexico in data on engravers, techniques, styles, and other sub- sculpture 15 21-1 821. Cambridge, Mass.,

jects. 1950.. Collection 224ofp. illus. photographs of colonial sculptured 2449. Romero de Terreros y Vinent, Manuel, objects, mainly in central Mexico, with informed comed. Una casa del siglo xviii en México, la mentary. Notes depend on wide acquaintance with

del conde de San Bartolomé de Xala: literary sources and provide data on Indian and resefia, seleccién de documentos y notas. Spanish techniques.

Mexico, 1957. 83 p. illus., bibl. (Univer- 2456. Zavala, Silvio A. Ideario de Vasco

sidad Nacional Autonoma de México. de Quiroga. México, 1941. 73 p. illus.,

224 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA bibl. Hispanic American studies 16). .

Analysis of the thought and attitudes of the celebrated Scholarly account of a little-known proposal in the missionary and judge, Vasco de Quiroga, in sixteenth- late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries to

century New Spain. Stresses Quiroga as a humanist abandon Florida. The Franciscans were the most and his application of the Utopia to the American ardent supporters of the plan. But after a formal

scene. investigation it was agreed to maintain the colony.

2457. Zepeda Rincon, Tomas. La instruc- 2464. Arnade, Charles W. The siege of St.

cién 1933. publica 138 en la p. Nueva Espafia. in 1702.bibl. Gaines vn Fla., co, illus. 1959.Méxi67 p.Augustine illus., maps, (Univer-

One of the few treatments of the subject. [1.L.] sity of Florida monographs. Social sci-

ences 3). 9. Northern Expansion and Borderlands ___ Detailed reconstruction of a major military cneaee° ; . ment of the War of the Spanish Succession. Carolina 2458. Alessio Robles, Vito. Coahuila y Texas forces were at first successful against the city of St.

f : : Pp; . y y

en la epoca colonial. México, 1938. Augustine, but they failed in their effort to lay siege

251 p. illus., maps, bibl. to the fort. A clear exposition of a complex event,

Carefully documented colonial history of the terri- based on English and Spanish sources.

tories of Coahuila and Texas. Alessio Robles is also. 44¢5 Bishop. Morris. The odyssey of Ca-

the aor of a number of other works on Coahuila beza de Vaca. N.Y., 1933. 306 p. illus.,

2459. Alessio Robles, Vito. Francisco de iJ72PS: DIDI, . , > AMESSIO RODIES, HO. Francisco . © Biography of the Spaniard who made the journey,

Urdifiola y el norte de la Nueva Espafia. mainly overland, from Florida to Mexico City. Other México, 1931. xxv, 333 p. illus., maps, adventures in other areas are briskly narrated. bibl. Examines the environment of northern New Spain, 2466. Bolton, Herbert E. Coronado on the

the early activities of Urdifiola, the foundation of Turquoise Trail, knight of pueblos and Saltillo, and other events in the life of Urdifiola. A plains. Albuquerque, N.M., 1949. 491 p.

scholarly biography from archival sources. maps, bibl.

2460. Arnade, Charles Thestudent Avero story: biography of Coronado py me vOremost moe ‘ . . .W.ern of Mode his expedition. Entertainingly written an Cal ly Saint Augustine family with and based upon a full documentation, including the

Ab. daughters And 34. houses. FHQ. previously unused residencia material. The author

V. , JULY, : 1734. retraced Coronado’s trail in the 1940’s. Genealogies, marriages, properties, and other matters . . relating to the Avero family in eighteenth-century St. 2467. Bolton, Herbert E. Rim of Christen-

Augustine. Data on status, civilian-military relations, dom: a biography of Eusebio Francisco and the position of women in the colony. A case study, Kino, Pacific coast pioneer. N.Y., and one of the few investigations into the social [1936]. 644 p. illus., maps, bibl. _ The foremost biography of the seventeenth-century

history of colonial Florida. .

2461. Arnade, Charles W. Cattle raising in missionary who led Spanish expansion into Sonora, Spanish Florida, 1513-1763. AH. v. 35 Arizona, and California and was largely responsible

July, 1961: 116-124 > for the extension of the mission frontier in these areas.

Cattle were negligible in Florida in the sixteenth 2468. Bolton, Herbert E. The Spanish borcentury but a substantial ranching industry developed derlands: a chronicle of old Florida and in theTallahassee, seventeenth century, centered in the S hHaven, N H Conn., C 19?1 I. ville, and other northern areas. English theGainessouthwest,he New raids in the eighteenth century destroyed the industry. 320 p. illus., map, bibl. (The chronicles

A documented and informative article. of America. Series 23).

: Survey of the history of Spanish penetration into the 2462. Arnade, Charles W. The failure of borderlands area, from Florida to California. Still Spanish Florida. TA. v. 16, Jan., 1960: one of the best introductions to the subject. Emphasis

271-281. is on exploration rather than the institutional or social

Summary of the differences between Florida and the istory of the area.

“successful” Spanish colonies, and of the reasons for . the failure of Spanish colonization in Florida, A 2469. Bolton, Herbert E. Texas in the mid-

variety of factors, including the absence of high na- dle eighteenth century: studies in Spanive civilizations, resulted in dependence on the mis. ish colonial history and administration,

failure spelled the failure of the whole. Berkeley, 1915. 501 Pp. illus., map 8; bibl. (University of California publications in 2463. Arnade, Charles W. Florida on trial, history 3). 1393-1602. Coral Gables, Fla., 1959. Documented reconstruction of Texas history with 100 p. illus., bibl. (University of Miami exact identification of places and emphasis upon

MEXICO 225 politica: organization. Texas is interpreted as a buffer p. (The conflict between the California between pPanish and French colonization to 1762, re" Indian and white civilization 1).

Lorisian nN er in - ‘holar| to nhs cession OF Demoralization and population decline of the Califoroulsiana. “An important scholarly contribution. nia Indians under the Spanish mission system. Three

2470. Bolton, Herbert E., and Mary Ross. other parts deal with more recent times.

The debatable land: a sketch of the An- 2477. Cortés Alonso, Vicenta. Geopolitica

glo-Spanish contest for the Georgia del sureste de los Estados Unidos, 1750-

maps. 1952: 23-47.

country. Berkeley, 1925. 138 p. illus., 1800. RI. afio 12, nim. 47, enero—marzo,

A history of Spanish efforts to expand into areas Conflicts among peoples and their relations to geonorth of Florida and successful English preemption graphical determinants in the area from Texas to

of the country. Georgia in the eighteenth century. Identifies the major

2471. Brand, Donald D. The early history Indian peoples and their competitions with one

f the r ttlecathe industrv j th with the whites. Movement of peoples OF tne range industry in another northern =and and shifting frontiers made for a fluid “geopolitical” Mexico. AH. v. 35, July, 1961: 132-139. — situation. An imaginative presentation.

Periodization and bibliography of northern cattle onze .

raising of all periods but especially in the colonial. 2478. Dunn, William E. Spanish and French Comments on the Mexican origins of U.S. ranching rivalry in the Gulf region of the United practices. Map showing the cattle frontier at different States, 1678-1702, the beginnings of

dates. Texas and Pensacola. Austin, 1917. 238

2472. Caughey, John W. Bernardo de Gal- p. maps, bibl.

vez in Louisiana, Berkeley, 4 mostdocuments valuable monograph, almostGeneral exclusively ; .1776-1783. - nt: on unpublished in the based Archivo de 1934. 290 P. illus., bibl. (Publications of Indias on the resumption of Spanish activities in bor-

ae ~ versity of om SCiences at Los An-4). derlands fromintrusions. West Forida[1.L. to New geles 1n SOClal of French ] Mexico as a result

Narrative and analysis of the governorship of Ber- . nardo de Gaivez in Louisiana. Frontier problems, trade 2479. Dunne, Peter Masten. Pioneer black regulations, Indian hostilities, and military defense. | Tobes on the west coast. Berkeley, 1940. Sketches Galvez’s career in Europe and Mexico be- 286 p. illus., maps, bibl. fore 1776 and atter 1783 but concentrates on the Scholarly history of Jesuit missionary expansion along Louisiana period. From documentary sources in the the west coast of Mexico from the late sixteenth to the

Archivo General de Indias and elsewhere. mid-seventeenth century. One of several works by

) . the same author on Jesuit missions in colonial Mexi-

2473. Chapman, Charles E. A history of on expansion.

California: the Spanish period. N.Y.., j 1939. 527 p. illus., maps, bibl. 2480. Garcilaso de la Vega. The Florida of

A general and popular history of Spanish California. the Inca: a history of the adelantado,

The appendix is a full annotated bibliography of Span- Hernando de Soto, governor and captain ish California, containing many important works not general of the kingdom of Florida and of

Pt & other heroic Spanish and Indian cava-

2474, Chatelain, Verne E. The defenses of _Jiers. Tr. and ed. by John G. Varner and

Spanish & a 56° to ie td Jeannette J. Varner. ton, . p. ius., maps, bibl. (Car- illus., map. Austin, 1951. 655 p. negie Institution of Washington. Publica- Classic account by the Inca historian of the exploration 511). tions of De Soto, written ca. 1590, and published first

Historical reconstruction of the founding of Spanish 1" 1605. This is a readable, accurate, modern translaFlorida with special attention to the problems of mili- @©2-

tary defense. Analysis of the fortifications at defined ° . periods to 1660, and a section on the building of the 2481. Geiger, May nard J. The Franciscan

Castillo de San Marcos. Full details with documenta- conquest of Florida (1573-161 8). Washtion and maps. ington, 1937. 319 p. (The Catholic Uni-

:||.;.

2475. Clavijero, Francisco J. The history of versity of het in Hispaniclower California. Tr. from the Italian and Examination and periodization of early Franciscan ed. by Sara E. Lake and A. A. Gray. mission history in Florida. Description of missionaries

Stanford, 1937. xxvn, 413 p. maps. and missions in a time of expansion. Documented

English translation of a standard source for early principally from unpublished sources. .

Jesuit activities in Lower California. 2482. Geiger, Maynard J The life and times 2476. Cook, Sherburne F. The Indian versus of fray Junipero Serra, O.F.M.: or the the Spanish mission. Berkeley, 1943. 194 man who never turned back, 1713-1784,

226 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA a biography. Washington, 1959. 2 v. New Spain: Nicolas de Lafora’s descripillus.,. maps, bibl. (Publications of the tion, 1766-1768. Lawrence Kinnaird, Academy of American Franciscan His- tr. and ed. Berkeley, 1958. 243 p. illus.,

tory. Monograph series 5—6). map. (Quivira Society publications 13).

The most thorough biography of Serra ever written Translation of Lafora’s record of the journey made and the product of many years of research. Based on _ by himself and the Marqués de Rubi through Nueva hundreds of newly discovered documents. An indis- | Vizcaya, Nueva Galicia, and Nayarit in the eight-

pensable work. eenth century. Data on towns, Indians, presidios, . government, and social conditions. One of the most 2483. Gerhard, Peter. El avance espafiol en important sources for the north, and a handsome

México y Centroamérica. HM. v. 9, _ publication.

pouk set. 1 1999: ‘on of Newexpansion Spain 2490. Lanning, John Tate. .The iscussion of1437132. the northward of New Spai :; .Spanish mistogether with a revealing set of maps indicating the SIONS of Georgia. Chapel Hill, 1935. 321 frontier situation at 50-year intervals, with dates of p. illus., map. (Publications of the Uni-

occupation. versity of Georgia). _ a 2484. Hackett, Charles Wilson, ed. Histori- Secreta. decline of a Spanish mission frontier in

cal documents relating to New Mexico, , Nueva Vizcaya, and approaches thereto, 2491. Lowery, Woodbury. The Spanish set-

_ tlements within the present limits of the

to 1773. Washington, 1923-1937. 3 v. United Stat 1513-1561. N.Y.. 1901

illus., maps (Carnegie Institution of 515 p ha OS. 7 N.Y,

Washington. Publication Survey of Spanish expeditions to Florida, New ;MexiSpanish texts and 330). English translation of documents :.

thered by Adolph and Fannv Bandelier concernin co, California, and other places in the present United gathered by Adolph and Fanny pande ermine States, to 1561. A well-known work, re-issued in 1959. northern Mexico and New Mexico to the late eight-

eenth century. Correspondence, royal orders, travel 2492. Lowery, Woodbury. The Spanish set-

accounts, and other records. tlements within the present limits of the 2485. Hammond, George P., and Agapito United States: Florida, 1562-1574. N-Y.,

1940, 5-6). ,

Rey. Don Juan de Onate, colonizer of 1901. 500 p. illus.

New Mexico, 1595-1628. Albuquerque, Expeditions of Pedro Menendez de Avilés and others

N. M., 1953. 2. illus., maps.(Coronado {9 Florida, the establishment of colonies, and th Cuarto Centennial publications, 1540- 9 Jor and re-issued in 1959. Texts of previously unpublished documents concern- 2493. Mecham, J. Lloy d. Francisco de

ing the founder of New Mexico. From archival Ibarra and Nueva Vizcaya. Durham,

ton. University publications).

sources in Spain. A valuable and handsome publica- N. C., 1927. 265 p. maps, bibl. (Duke

2486. Hammond, George P., and Agapito Scholarly reconstruction of the life of Francisco de

Rey. Narratives of the Coronado expe- ae antes into the northwest in the

dition, 1540-1542, Albuquerque, N. M., ; ; 1940. 413 p. illus. 2494. Miranda, José. Fisonomia del nor-

A scholarly edition of these narratives of major im- oeste de México en la epoca colonial.

portance for the beginnings of New Mexico. [1.L.] CUA. v. 21, jul.-agosto, 1962: 135~—150. 2487. Holmes, Jack D. L. Gayoso: the life Analyzes ine Beograpincal and cuturas characteris:

f aaSpanish governor in the Mississippi pe on ue COonia’ period, Of op g PP! identifying territorial size,ernative hostility, precious Valley, 1789-1799. Baton Rouge, 1965. metals, war, poverty, and social instability as charac305 p. illus., map, bibl. teristic of the area.

Very useful. Based almost entirely on archival re- 2495, Morfi, Juan Agustin. Viaje de indios

search. [IL] . y diario del Nuevo México. 2. ed. Mé-

2488. Kinnaird, Lawrence, ed. and tr. Spain xico, 1935. 306 p. illus., maps.

in the Mississippi Valley, 1765-1794. Description of a journey from Mexico City to Texas Washington, 1946-1949. 3 v. (Annual = !9 1777-1778. Report of the American Historical Asso- 2496. Morissey, Richard J. The northward

ciation for the year 1945, v. 2, 3, 4). expansion of cattle ranching in New

Translated texts of documents from the Spanish Spain, 1550-1600. AH., v. 25, July, archives in the Bancroft Library relating to Spanish .

concerns in the Mississippi Valley. 195 1. 115-121.

; ; Examines the process through which the cattle ranch-

2489. Lafora, Nicolas de. The frontiers of ing industry became settled in the north in the second

MEXICO 227 half of the sixteenth century. Querétaro supported a_ the government of Antonio de Ulloa in Louisiana. In cattle industry by the 1550’s and thousands of head large part from unpublished sources.

were driven south to market. Comments on the de- , “4

velopment of land law and cattle law and the failure 2503. Serra, Junipero. Writings. Antonine

of enforcement. “What the farming frontier was to Tibesar, ed. Washington, 1955-1966.

Anglo America, the ranching frontier was to Hispanic 3 v. illus., maps, bibl. (Academy of Amer-

America.” A brief but important study. ican Franciscan History. Documentary 2497. Navarro Garcia, Luis. Don José de series 4-7). Galvez y la Comandancia General de _ Letters, diaries, and other writings of the founder of las Provincias Internas del Norte de the California missions. Spanish and English texts Nueva Es pafia Sevilla. 1964. 602 p and an excellent idiomatic translation.

illus., map. (Publicaciones de la Escuela 2504. Serrano y Sanz, Manuel, ed. Docu-

de Estudios Hispano-Americanos de mentos historicos de la Florida y la

Sevilla, 2a. serie 148). Luisiana, siglos xvi al xvii. Madrid,

A thoroughly documented study that reproduces nu- 1912. 466 p.

merous manuscript maps. Complements the study of Texts of official documents on colonial Florida and

Galvez by Priestley. [H.F.C.] Louisiana: the relacién of Inigo Abad y Lasierra,

, ; : letters of governors, testimonies, diplomatic corre-

2498. Pérez Embid, Florentino. La €Xpan- spondence, and similar material.

sion geografica de la Nueva Espana en , ,

el siglo xvii. RI. afio 11, no. 45, jul.—set., 2505. Tanner, Helen H. Zespedes in East

1951: 501-531. Florida, 1784-1790. Coral Gables, Fla.,

The expansion of New Spain in the seventeenth cen- 1963. 253 p. illus., maps, bibl. (Univertury was mainly in a northern direction. The article sity of Miami Hispanic American studies treats land and sea routes, obstacles to expansion, 19),

the legendary geography and history, and four periods Life and times of a diligent Spanish governor in of expansion: official to 1610; the search for pearls, Florida after the British occupation. A thoroughly 1610-1635; independent explorers, 1635-1683; and documented study. the missions, 1685-1700.

2499. Powell, Philip Wayne. Soldiers, In- 2506. TePaske, John Jay. The governorship

dians, and silver. Berkeley, 1952. 317 of Spanish Florida 1700-1763. Durham,

p. maps, bibl. N. C., 1964. 248 p. maps, bibl. Scholarly study of the northward movement in New Analysis of the office of governor and the tasks and

Spain in the latter half of the sixteenth century. The Problems of gubernatorial rule in eighteenth-century Zacatecas mining frontier, the struggle against the Florida. Chichimecas, missions, presidios, and settlements. 2507. Thomas, Alfred B. Teodoro de Croix

2500. Priestley, Herbert I. Tristan de Luna. and the northern frontier of New Spain, Conquistador of the old South: a study 1776-1783. Norman, Okla., 1941. 273 of Spanish imperial strategy. Glendale, p. illus., map, bibl. Calif., 1936. 215 p. illus. English translation of the viceroy’s ‘““General Report

tury Luna expedition to Florida. . eee 3501 Pri ‘d Herbert I. tr. and ed. Th 2508. Whitaker, Arthur P. The Mississippi

The standard modern account of the sixteenth-cen- of 1781” with an extensive historical introduction.

li, on ey, ‘toc on Tis t lati . he question, 1795-1803. A study in trade,

una papers. documents relating to tie politics, and diplomacy. N.Y., 1934. 342 expedition of Don Tristan de Luna y

Arellano th t of0 aLa Florid AATE ano forfor the conquest Flomda — seepe the map. comment on the item following by the same

in 1559-1561. DeLand, Fla., 1928.2 v. author. [W.B.] illus. (Publications of the Florida State . . Historical Society 8) 2509. Whitaker, Arthur P. The Spanish-

English translations of documents relating to a six- American frontier, 1783-1795. The

teenth-century expedition to Florida. westward movement and the Spanish 2502. Rodriguez Casado, Vicente. Primeros 1927 058 wa bE Valley. Boston, anos de dominacion espafola en la This book, together with the preceding one, con-

Luisiana. Madrid, 1942. 497 p. illus., stitutes a history of Spanish possession of the Missis-

maps. sippi Valley by cession from France, and the loss of Well-written, thorough, encomiastic presentation of its holdings to the United States. [W.B. ]

228 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA D. Central America MurDo MACLEOD

Stretching from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec to western Panama, the Audiencia of Guatemala was an area of some importance during Spain’s period of domination. Yet few scholars have undertaken systematic studies of this era in Central America, and the standard accounts written in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries have been repetitive, imitative, and based on a few well-known chronicles and documents. Divisive issues, still debated, have included the benefits of Spanish colonialism, the attacks of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century chroniclers on one another, the quarrels between peninsular partisans of Las Casas and their criollo opponents, and the role of the colonial church. Particularly unhelpful has been the practice of accepting generalizations about colonial Spanish America as a whole, and then blithely assuming that they must have existed in the Audiencia of Guatemala. There has also been heavy emphasis on the intellectual history of the creole elites.

The colonial history of Central America, therefore, provides many opportunities for original research. A few Central American and foreign scholars have preempted some topics in recent years, and several excellent monographic studies by these young historians and anthropologists have been published and are noted below. Archival research on the Audiencia of Guatemala presents certain difficulties. While the Archivo General de Indias in Seville has vast untapped collections on the area, some of the Central American archives do not. Political and geological turbulence has destroyed most of the colonial holdings of El Salvador and Nicaragua, and much of those of Honduras. (Vigorous efforts by the national archivist of Nicaragua are creating a fine collection of microfilms and copied documents in Managua.) The small Honduran archive is well organized, but scanty before about 1750. Even the much larger collections in the national archives of Guatemala and Costa Rica have disappointing gaps. Particularly noticeable is the lack of documentation on land and labor in the early days of the colony. Sixteenth-century collections of all kinds are poor. On the other hand, eighteenth-century documents

are quite plentiful, and both Guatemala and Costa Rica have well-organized, largely catalogued archives because of the work of dedicated directors and staffs. Private collections in Central America are numerous, but so far their contents are often only vaguely known. Obtaining access to them is sometimes a problem. Central American archives being as they are, the student of colonial Central

America has to cast his net wide and encounter his material where he can. Several depositories of documents in the United States, such as the Library of

The University of Texas at Austin and the Newberry Library in Chicago, contain valuable items. Colonial Central American documents are also encountered in many of the major archives of Western Europe. The student must also search through the large published documentary col-

CENTRAL AMERICA 229 lections for the Indies and for Spain. These are particularly useful for the sixteenth century. The works of such travelers as Vazquez de Espinosa, Dampier, and Humboldt have sections on Guatemala, as do the well-known standard accounts of Benzoni, Oviedo y Valdés, Herrera, Lopez de Velasco, and Diez de la Calle.

Scholars can find useful material in general works on Central American history, general works on the individual nations, or works on specific topics that span both

the colonial and the national periods. Authors whose works have occasionally fallen in these categories include Rodolfo Barén Castro (956), Antonio Batres

Jauregui (672), Ernesto Chinchilla Aguilar (2555-2556), Luis Antonio Diaz . Vasconcelos, Rémulo E. Dur6én (987), Jorge Lardé y Larin (958), Carlos Monge Alfaro (902), and David Vela (4482).

Authors of note in recent years have included Héctor Humberto Samayoa Guevara (2559) on colonial guilds of artisans, Mario Rubio Sanchez, an economist, on colonial crops, agriculture, and industries, Carlos Molina Argiiello (2557) on juridical and jurisdictional history, Lazaro Lamadrid and Ricardo Blanco Segura on church history, and Norberto Castro y Tosi on genealogy and race relations in Costa Rica. Central American journals also publish colonial documents from time to time, and some have included catalogs of various sections of the

respective national archives.

1. Bibliographies and Guides the author’s many years in the Archivo General de

. — Indias in Sevilla. Particularly valuable is the inclusion

2510. Adams, Eleanor B. A bio-bibliography _ in the text of many old documents, often printed in

of Franciscan authors in colonial Central their entirety. America. TA. v. 8, Apr., 1952: 431-471; 2513. Fernandez Guardia, Ricardo. Historia

v. 9, July, 1952: 37-86. de Costa Rica: el descubrimiento y la

A long and thorough article. It is particularly useful conquista. 4. ed. San José. 1941. 154 p.

for studies of the missionary effort, the acculturation A respected account of the conquest of Costa Rica

of the Indian, and intellectual history. the early settlement, and the seventeenth-century ef-

forts to subdue the Talamanca and other areas of

2. General “indios de guerra.’’ The book, in fact, covers most of

, the colonial period. An English translation was pub-

2511. Ayén, Tomas. Historia de Nicaragua, [shed in 1913.

desde los tiempos mas remotos hasta el 2514. Garcia Pel4ez, Francisco de Paula.

ano de 1852. Madrid, 1956. 3 v. . Memorias para la historia del antiguo has gone through several editions. It is based on wide Teino de Guatemala. 2. ed. Guatemala, knowledge of documentary sources, especially those 1943-1944. 3 v. illus. (Biblioteca Payo

jate d ts. . .

of the Real Academia de Historia in Madrid. Rodrigo de Rivera ). oo

de Contreras, colonial taxation, piracy, and colonial This often-cited text is a rapid discussion of nearly administration in general all receive considerable every major feature of colonial Central America. attention. Each volume has an appendix of appro- Valuable as a reference work.

prare oe ° ; 2515. Juarros, Domingo. Compendio de la 2512. Fernandez, Leon. Historia de Costa historia de la ciudad de Guatemala. 3. Rica durante la dominacion espanola, ed. Guatemala, 1936. 2 v. illus. 1502-1821. Madrid, 1889. 640 p. illus. An extremely useful compendium, Juarros’s work has

This celebrated old account is still useful because of — suffered little from the passage of time. His work is

230 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA descriptive and factual rather than analytical. He be- 1550. The activities of Pedrarias, Contreras, and gins by giving a detailed 94-page description of the Castaneda, and all the events of the conquest of various provinces, minor jurisdictions, and towns of Nicaragua are extensively documented. Edited by the Audiencia of Guatemala at the end of the eight- Andrés Vega Bolafios.

eenth century. This is followed by a history of the , , -

growth of the city of Guatemala, with particular atten- 2521. Fernandez, Leon, comp. Coleccion de

tion to the role of the great clerical orders. V. | con- documentos para la historia de Costa

cludes with some colonial biographies. _ Rica. San José, 1881-1907. 10 v.

The second volume contains a discussion of the pre- This large collection of documents, mainly from the Spanish era, regional histories of the area, and ac- Archive of the Indies, is the most important work for counts of various entradas, conquests, fortifications, the study of colonial Costa Rica. The wealth of ma-

and monuments. _ terial is such that almost every subject of consequence An appendix provides a history of the various cathe- is mentioned. The collection is arranged in a confus-

drals of Guatemala, their ruin through earthquakes, ing manner. Republication has begun in the Revista

and their reconstruction. de los Archivos Nacionales of Costa Rica.

2516. Medina, José T. La Imprenta en 2522. Fernandez, Leon, comp. Documentos Guatemala (1660-1821). 2. ed. Guate- _—_—relativos a los movimientos de inde-

mala, 1960. 2 v. illus. (Coleccién tre- | pendencia en el reino de Guatemala. centenario). San Salvador, 1929. 121 p. A valuable bibliography of colonial Central American Twelve letters and reports that describe the first

printing. and revolt in the territory . . . .symptoms . governed of by sedition the Audiencia of Guatemala.

2517. Milla y Vidaurre, Jose. Historia de . ;

la América Central desde el descubri- res. varrey naga, Miguel. Prontuario de miento del pais por los espafioles (1502) 1 ae as reales cedulas, cartas acordadas

hasta su independencia de la Espaia Y Ordenes comunicadas a la Audiencia (1821). 2. ed. Guatemala, 1937. 2 v. del Antiguo Reino de Guatemala desde (Coleccion “Juan Chapin,” Obras com- eR ano de 1600 hasta 1818. Guatemala,

pletas de Salome Jil (José Milla), v. 11, 1857. 424 p. , a. . t. 1-2). When combined with Pardo’s compilation book ata ; 4s*affords a fairly complete inventory of all this royal deee ane not pinist his nistory of Central America, crees and requests sent to the Audiencia of Guatemala ut diderrors compthis a "IsClassic CO ona period Despite its many during thefew colonial period. Thebeen opganization topiminor wor 1as retained value cal. A documents have inserted inissome ane charm. Excellent as entertainment and as a gen- copies, including one important complaint from the

eral reference. . ayuntamiento of Guatemala City to the king about

2518. Salvatierra, Sofonias. Contribucién the activities of President Alonso Lopez Cerrato. a la historia de Centroamérica. Managua, >°V¢T! Pages are missing in most copies.

1939. 2 v. illus., map. 2524. Orozco y Jiménez, Francisco, ed.

One of the most stimulating of the general colonial Coleccion de documentos inéditos relahistories. The author adheres closely to his docu- tivos a la iglesia de Chiapas. San Crist6-

mentary sources and explains some important ones in

detail, with many interesting excerpts. More attention A bal Las-Casas, 1906. 2 v. is given to the southeastern end of the audiencia than selection of documents on the church and the

is found in most of the;standard works.Th bichon. tesce a ale Seminario versal Mexican ; bishop. . reMeeldoce Colegio:

2519. Villacorta Calderon, Jose A. Historia is interesting and typical. There are also reports of de la capitania general de Guatemala. mission Work among ‘unreduced” Indians, and a re-

Guatemala, 1942. 542 p. illus., maps. CAN MO TATY DOORS: ; _

A comprehensive account of Spain’s empire in Cen- 2525. Pardo, J. Joaquin. Efemérides para tral America, this workThe s irematic approaci makes tadiscussion escribir la historia andy reference. author’s general o . .de la muy noble y muy Spanish American institutions is at times questionable. leal ciudad de Santiago de los Caballero S Occasional factual errors occur. Mapping is vague and del reino de Guatemala. Guatemala,

there is only intermittent footnoting. 1944. 264 p. (Publicaciones de la Socie-

dad de Geografia e Historia de Guate-

3. Collections of Documents mala).

; ; ; A selection and description of documents relating to

2520. Documentos para la historia de Ni- Guatemala City from 1541 to 1779. Most of them are caragua. Madrid, 1954-1957. 17 v.__ taken from the actas capitulares of the city council.

- 2 Many aspects of urban, social, and intellectual life

An Coleccion SOmoOza). mentary series from US mentioned in these summarized documents. A the collections of the Archive of the Indies and else- 2004 Picture of colonial urban life eMICTECS:

where. So far the collection has reached the year 2526. Pardo, J. Joaquin. Prontuario de

CENTRAL AMERICA 73] reales cédulas, 1529-1599. Guatemala, few foreign observers visited Central America in the

1941. 171 p. early eighteenth century.

for any serious work on colonial Guatemala Itis'a >>oL: Cortés y Larraz, Pedro. Descripcién compilation of royal orders and decrees sent to Guate- geografico-moral de la diocesis de mala in the sixteenth century. It complements the Goathemala. Guatemala, 195 8. 2 v. illus. work by Larreynaga. Most of the original documents (Sociedad de Geografia e Historia de referred to are now in the national archives of Guate- Guatemala. Biblioteca ‘‘Goathemala’’ mala, of which Pardo was director until his death. 20)

2527. Peralta, Manuel ed. Costathe an diocese account otofa Guatemala tour of inspection, Male inican Rica icaragua Pa M. rn de, ; through by itsorarchbishop mee ots ton y 0 ‘A nite en el Sig'0 between 1768 and 1770. The area involved roughly I. Stora Y § Ss. ImMItes segun OS corresponds to present-day Guatemala and El Salvadocumentos del Archivo de Indias, del dor, plus some border areas of western Honduras. de Simancas, etc., Recogidos y publica- Each parish visited was described in terms of populados con notas y aclaraciones histdéricas tion, roads, local customs, indigenous languages, 2 go . religious observance and taxable wealth. There is a y geograficas. Madrid, 1883. 832 p. map. helpful prologue by Adrian Recinos.

25 Rica tio Dicer ve 5", oreRT ne 2532. Fuentes y Guzman, Francisco Anurisdiccion sus limites territoriales tonio de. Preceptos historiales. Guate‘ eotin los documentos ‘néditos del Ar. mala, 1957. 150 p. illus. (Publicaciones

8 , ; del Instituto de Antropologia e Historia

chivo de Indias de Sevilla y otras autori-

dades. Madrid. 1886. 392 deofGuatemala). ades. Madrid, ‘ p.map. The original this document was found accidentally

Two excellent examples of a group of publications jn the Biblioteca Palafoxiana in Puebla. In it the

that arose from border disputes after independence. — Ghronicler Fuentes y Guzman offers quaint, baroque, While Peralta’s main purpose was to present Costa yet learned opinions on how to write history, what to Rica’s case against her neighbors, the large number —giscuss, and which models to use. Thus he provides a of documents and copious notes are extremely useful sare insight to the methods and opinions of a seven-

to the historian with other concerns. teenth-century chronicler who was the product of a criollo education.

There are helpful introductory essays by Carlos

4. Other Sources Samayoa Chinchilla, Ernesto Chinchilla Aguilar, and 2529. Alvarado, Pedro de. Relacién hecha Heinrich Berlin.

por Pedro de Alvarado a Hernando 2533. Fuentes y Guzman, Francisco Antonio Cortés. José Valero Silva, ed. México, de. Recordaci6n florida: discurso _his1954. 120 p. bibl. (Biblioteca José Porrtia torial y demonstracion natural, material,

Estrada de historia mexicana, 1. ser., militar y politica del reyno de Guate-

La conquista 3). mala. Guatemala, 1932-1933. 3 v. illus.,

Contains a new edition of Alvarado’s two famous maps. (Sociedad de Geografia e Historia letters to Cortés describing the conquest of Guate- de Guatemala. Biblioteca ‘“Goathemala’”’

mala. In the appendixes is a also letter from Alvarado 6-8) ° the Emperor. They include theto contract

drawn . fo

up between Viceroy Mendoza and Alvarado for the Fuentes y Guzman is both the most interesting and conquest of new lands, a letter Mendoza to the _ the most ae of the Breat seventeenth een1s ayuntamiento of Guatemala Cityfrom announcing Alvaecenth-century Guatemalan chroniclers. Friisand style rado’s death, and a bibliography on the conquistador. complex, ornate, and obscure. Yet he was a vigorous Alvarado’s letters to Cortés have also been pub- Guatemalan patriot with pride in his creole backlished in an English translation by S. J. Mackie (N.Y., | ground, and he had considerable personal knowledge

1924). of the areas he described. As the only major chronicle written by a creole layman, the work 1s an important

2530. Cockburn, John. The unfortunate _ reflection of the attitudes of this class in the late Englishman . .. a journey over land seventeenth century. Fuentes defended the conquis-

tadores and the early Spanish settlers and attacked from the Gulph of Honduras to the Great Las Casas, Remesal, and others of similar persuasion.

South Sea. “A new edition.” London, He asserted that creole society and culture were as

1794. 120 p. illus. good as those of the mother country. He claimed that

Cockburn and several other pirates were set ashore peninsular administrators were more responsible for by a Spanish coast guard vessel at Puerto Caballos in the suffering of the Indians than the creoles. His de1730. After escapingto from in San Pedro Sula, they faved descriptions of the various of the province crossed the isthmus Sanjail Salvador and thence of Guatemala are particularly usetul parts and varied.

traveled to Panama overland. While not an acute ob- P . . -o: server like Gage, Cockburn was able to remember 2554. Garcia de Palacio, Diego. Carta diri-

many details of daily life. The account is valuable, as jida al rey de Espana... ano 1576. E.G.

232 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA Squier, ed. and tr. Albany, N.Y., 1860. san, a nobleman temporarily short of funds, was part 129 p. map. (Collection of rare and origi- of a group of French and English pirates who terror. he djconcerning ized thethe Pacific coasts Peru,After Panama, and considerable especially nalId documents discovery Centralof America. accumulating

and conquest of America 1). booty the survivors fought their way back across the The Spanish original and a somewhat inaccurate Eng- isthmus to the Caribbean. The journal illustrates the lish translation of a report by a colonial oidor that activities and life of such pirates and shows how they

described his visita through Guazacapan, Izalcos, disrupted social and economic life. Raveneau was a San Salvador, Chiquimula, and Copan. Indian lan- good observer, and his descriptions of the cities and guages, monuments, and religion receive attention, farms that the pirates attacked around Leoén, Granada, and the important cacao industry is discussed. Garcia and Realejo are valuable. de Palacio himself was a man of some importance in

both military and political affairs and appears tohave 2539. Relaciones hist6ricas y geograficas

enjoyed considerable prestige. de América Central. Madrid, 1908. Ixxx,

historica 9).

2535. Gutiérrez y Ulloa, Antonio. Estado 510 p. (Coleccion de libros y documentos general de la provincia de San Salvador: referentes a la historia de América 8). reyno de Guatemala, ano de 1807. 2. ed. Much of the material refers to Panama and the Duke-

San Salvador, 1962. 145 p. (Coleccién om of Veraguarather than tothe Audienia of Guat

S actalled. are description of the province of San 2540. Remesal, Antonio de. Historia general

alvador just betore in ePeneenes. de las Indias occidentales y particular

2536. Isagoge historica apologetica de las de la gobernacion de Chiapa y Guate-

Indias occidentales, y especial de la mala. Carmelo Saenz de Santa Maria,

provincia de San Vicente de Chiapa y — ed. Madrid, 1964-1966. 2 v. bibl. (BiblioGuatemala de la orden de predicadores. teca de autores espafioles 175, 189). Guatemala, 1935. 447 p. (Sociedad de This latest edition of the famous chronicle must be Geografia e Historia de Guatemala. considered the Pest Decause 0! the Copious introduc:

Biblioteca ‘‘Goathemala”’ 13) ron ane notes oy saenzof nhathe Nara. Isemesat S . . . chronicle is an important account discovery,

Dominican in the early years of the eighteenth cen, comduest, and European settlement of the northern tury. Occasional sections of coherent information are part of Central America. Central American historians

attered a lenethy dissertat; lated have used it extensively.

scattered among lenginy dissertauons on unrelate Remesal emphasized ecclesiastical history in gensubjects. ane autor was a defender of Las Casas, ora) and the local history of his own Dominican order Of more significance than the chronicle itself is the in particular. We devote don g Chapters to th e tite and reprinting, as a lengthy appendix, of the important , " collection of Guatemalan colonial documents first applaud ce rie attacked “te, ruenty OF loca Con.

published by Rafael Arévalo in 1857. Several of these Pe listadores while marvelin a their exploits. Hi

documents are informative sixteenth- to eighteenth- a re , dd | . tili IT EXPIONs. Ps

century reports from the ayuntamiento of Guatemala pean ‘lsh sw qd hittl £0. OS t Wye dian lif d City to the Spanish government, describing local customs or in economic activities ‘of any kind. Freconditions, personalities, and problems. quent departures from his subject to explore unrelated 2537. Molina, Antonio de. Antigua Guate- topics make the chronicle long and involved, but it is mala: memorias del m.r.p. Antonio de unsurpassed as a source for the sixteenth century in

_ nun... Guatemala and Chiapas.

Molina. Jorge del Valle Matheu, ed.

Guatemala, 1943. 213 p. 2541. Scholes, France V., and Eleanor B.

A chronology or record of events kept by a Dominican Adams, eds. Relaciones hist6rico-des-

creole in the seventeenth century. It is incomplete criptivas de la Verapaz, El Manché y

and hasPirate beenattacks, supplemented the editor from otheren L ua déema Guat Guat | sources. epidemics,by floods, the arrival acandon, a. .| uatemala,

of governors, and public festivities are all faithfully 1960. 275 p. illus. (Universidad de San

recorded and briefly described. Carlos de Guatemala. Editorial Univer-

2538. Raveneau de Lussan. Raveneau de sitaria 35). .

Lussan, buccaneer of the Spanish Main Contains two important accounts of peripheral areas iv F French h filibtiliouster f the Pacific: of the province of Guatemala. TheTovilla, first, written andd early of the Pacwic: 1635 by Captain Martin Alonso gives hisin a translation into English of his journal of impressions of the frontier provinces of Verapaz and a voyage into the South Seas in 1684 and Manche, and an account of his actions while alcalde the following years with the filibusters mayor there. He made extensive use of Remesal for

Marguerite ‘te E. Wilb t Cl d. his background material. LF. Our, Ur. |teveland, The second report is by Antonio de Leon Pinelo and 1930. 303 p. illus., map. was first published in 1639. It is to inform the Council

A particularly fine pirate account. Raveneau de Lus-_ of the Indies about previous efforts to conquer the

CENTRAL AMERICA 233 Lacand6on area, so that the Council members will be | Using materials from the national archives of Costa able to form an opinion as to the advisability of anew Rica and the biography of a colonial governor, the attempt. Scholes and Adams supply an informative author describes the political, economic, and social

introduction. life of of the the eighteenth province ofcentury Costa Rica middle , . ys years to thefrom first the decades of 2542. Vazquez, Francisco. Cronica de la the nineteenth. Costa Rica’s isolation, and helplessprovincia del Santisimo nombre de Jesus ness under the domination of central governments in de Guatemala. Guatemala, 1937-1944. Guatemala and in Spain are emphasized. Foreign 4 v. illus. (Sociedad de Geografia e His- intrusions on the Caribbean coast receive less atten-

. d G la. Bibl KG h tion than one usually finds. Abundant use of illustra-

ee 14 meme Mala — a.. Biblioteca “Goathe- tive material makes this book particularly valuable. This massive and often tedious chronicle of the Fran- 2547. Kelly » John E. Pedro de Alvarado, ciscan order in Guatemala is important for sixteenth- conquistador. Princeton, 1932. 279 p. and seventeenth-century studies. Descriptions of the illus., maps, bibl.

various monasteries and missions in the rural areas,a One of several biographies of Alvarado, none of which

full discussion of the alternative question among js entirely satisfactory. Part 1 deals with Alvarado’s Guatemala’s Franciscans, and accounts of the various campaigns with Cortés. Part I] describes Alvarado entradas to the Caribbean coast of Honduras are es- the conquistador in Guatemala and elsewhere from pecially interesting. Lazaro Lamadrid provides a full 1524 until his death in 1541. introduction and notes. A few useful documents are ; ,

reprinted. 2548. Saenz de Santa Maria, Carmelo. El 2543. Vazquez de Coronado, Juan. Cartas eenciade 4 wt | F uauicta, watroqua: de relacién sobre la conquista de Costa Guate! in (598-1564. RL. a ua O1-

Rica. San José, 1964. 68 p. uatemale a-o7

This new edition includes the ten letters to Spain and 92, enero jun., 1963: 29-97. .

Guatemala published in Barcelona in 1908 and an The leading authority on Remesal herein turns his eleventh letter to Juan Martinez de Landecho, presi- Moneouin. Ly first bishop of Guatema’a, F Heo hae dent of the Audiencia de los Confines (Guatemala). arroquin. 1he impression emerges Of a tactiul, nuThe letters are concise and descriptive and outline Mane personality. Marroquin tempered the pro-InVazquez’searly attempts to conquer the country. dian enthusiasm of Las Casas with a desire to promote —- . ; ; social harmony. He saw nothing wrong with legal 2544. Ximénez, Francisco. Historia de la enslavement of Indians, but objected when it was done

provincia de San Vicente de Chiapa y fraudulently. He supported the exaction of tribute, Guatemala de la Orden de predicadores but condemned the widespread overcollection and

Gsuatemaila, | 1929-1931. 3 1HIUS. (S * argued for isthebased lowering of tribute generally. The and ar- 9 V. \SO- ticle on Marroquin’s personal letters

ciedad de Geografia e Historia de Guate- reports to Spain and Mexico. mala. Biblioteca ““Goathemala”’ 1-3). This Dominican chronicle was written in the early 6. The Conquest and Military Defense years of the eighteenth century. Ximénez specialized

in Indian languages and spent many years in the 3549 Calderon Quijano José A. El fuerte de Quiché and Cakchiquel villages of highland Guate- ° . . . mala as a parish priest. His interest in Indian legends San Fernando de Omoa: su historia e led to the discovery of the Popul Vuh, the most im- importancia que tuvo en la defensa del portant native text of Guatemala. Descriptions of In- golfo de Honduras. RI. v. 3, no. 9, jul.-

tian religion and society take up a lage part of the set., 1942: 515-548; and v. 4, no. II, ties of the Dominicans are faithfully reported. Ximé- enero-marzo, 1943: 127-163 ; , ,

nez was fiercely partisan and enjoyed controversy. A valuable account of the eight major fortifications He gives a full account of the Tzeltal revolt of 1712 that defended the Caribbean coast of Central America and 1713 and blames it on misconduct among Spanish 1 the eighteenth century. These stretched from San officials and clerics. Felipe de BacalarFernando on thedeborder with Yucatan to San Matina in Costa Rica. The fort at Omoa

. . gradually became the most important one for the de-

5. Biographies fense of the Gulf of Honduras, and its history is ex-

. . amined inPablo. detail.Pedrarias ; h 2545. Alvarez Rubiano, Davila. Madrid, 1944. 729 p. illus., map. 2550. Chamberlain, Robert S. The conquest

A full biography of the famous conquistador. The and colonization of Honduras, 1520appendixes contain more than three hundred pages of 1550. Washington, 1953. 264 p. illus., archival documents related to Pedrarias’s career. map, bibl Carnegie Jastitution of Wash-

2546. Estrada Molina, Ligia M. La Costa ington. Fubdlication

Rica de don Tomas de Acosta. San José, A carefully researched and documented history of the 1965. 277 mT Maps, bibl. DIOL. (Bibli\ DI first half-century of discussion Spain in of Honduras. . Pp. HIUS., loteca important is the Francisco deEspecially Montejo’s

de autores costarricenses). activities and the interventions of Pedro de Alvarado.

li , .

234 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA The book concludes with the establishment of effec- 2555, Chinchilla Aguilar, Ernesto. El Ayun-

tive royal government in the area and the relative tamiento colonial de la Ciudad de Guate-

eclipse of the conquistadors . mala. Guatemala, 1961. 308 p. bibl. 2551. Floyd, Troy S. The Anglo-Spanish (Universidad de San Carlos de Guatestruggle for Mosquitia. Albuquerque, mala. Editorial Universitaria. Publica-

1967. 235 p. Maps, bibl. ciones 37).

The sparsely inhabited coast of Central America pro- 4 study of the theory and laws governing the functions

vided a base for English dyewood cutters, pirates,and of the colonial Guatemalan city council. Chinchilla smugglers from the early years of the seventeenth also devotes attention to such matters as the officecentury until well after independence. Floyd examines holding class, the ayuntamiento’s role in the governin detail the Spanish response to this threat, and de- _ ing of the corregimiento known as the valley of Guate-

scribes both the missionary and military efforts made mala, and its part in the independence movement.

among the wild tribes of the Mosquito Coast. The appendix consists of a selection of appropriate

2552. Rodriguez del Valle, Mariana. El (orth and citations adds to the value of the work.

castillo de San Felipe del Golfo Dulce. . AEA. v. 17, 1960: 1-103. 2556. Chinchilla Aguilar, Ernesto. La In-

Guatemala was faced with the problem of an inade- quisicion en Guatemala. Guatemala, quate and poorly protected Caribbean port throughout 1953. 335 p. bibl. (Publicaciones del its colonial period. Puerto Caballos, Santo Tomas de Instituto de Antropologia e Historia de Castilla,and and the Golfo wereby allpirates. used at various Guat la) Jsualemala). | ae times, were allDulce sacked The greater

part of this long article is concerned with attempts be- While the Inquisition was never an institution of first tween the years 1643 and 1779 to fortify the Golfo i™portance in colonial Guatemala, yet this detailed Dulce. The article is based on archival documenta- ©X@munation of it is valuable for what it reveals about

tion. colonial society. Cases are discussed, administration ; and activities are analyzed, and particular attention is 2553. Trigueros, Roberto. Las defensas es- paid to Inquisitor Felipe Ruiz del Corral, the persistratégicas del Rio de San Juan de Nicara- tent enemy of Remesal the chronicler, and one of colo-

gua. ABA. v. 11, 1954: 413-513. nial Guatemala S most interesting personalities. Of

The San Juan River, or Desaguadero, was the colonial great value is what the various prosecutions tell us

2, : . ; about the circulation of books, local customs, super-

trade route connecting interior lacustrine Nicaragua to stitions. and religious practice the Cartagena-Portobelo ports complex. It was also a , 5 P

favorite invasion route for sambosmosquitos, pirates, 2557, Molina Argiiello, Carlos. Goberna-

and other European invaders. Its defense was a con- . 2 stant problem and caused heavy expenditure, espe- Ci0nes, a’ca das de Guat y I AEA cially in the eighteenth century. This long, careful, mientos en el reino de Guatemala. and well-documented article examines the efforts v. 17, 1960: 105-132.

made, particularly those related to fortifications. The A careful examination of the various political and addefense of the entire Caribbean coast of the Audiencia ministrative jurisdictions in the area governed by the is also summarized. Sources used are mainly from the Audiencia of Guatemala. Changes that occurred be-

Archive of the Indies in Seville. tween the conquest and independence are described.

| The article based on research in the Archivo de ogisgs Indias.

7. Institutions .

; , 2558. Molina Arguello, Carlos. El goberna2554. Biermann, Benno. Missiongeschichte dor de Nicaragua en el siglo xvi. Sevilla, der Verapaz in Guatemala. Jahrbuch fur 1949. 251 p. (Escuela de Estudios His-

Geschichte von Staat, Wirtschaft und pano-Americanos de Sevilla. Publica-

Gesellschaft Lateinamerikas, v. 1, 1964: ciones 47, 2? Serie 12).

117-156. a The governorship of Nicaragua is examined as an

A thoughtful reexamination by a Dominican of the institution, with emphasis on legislation and theory. much debated “‘peaceful’’ Dominican conquest of The discovery and conquest, the geography and hisVerapaz, in which Las Casas was involved. In spite tory of the province, and the personality of specific of the disappearance of large numbers of the Indians governors are discussed.

by the end of the seventeenth century, warlike en- , tradas against the neighboring Lacand6n area, and the 2559. Samayoa Guevara, Hector H. Los

harsh military conquest of the Petén in the late seven- gremios de artesanos en la ciudad de teenth century, the author believes that Las Casas, Guatemala. Guatemala, 1962. 410 p. Remesal, and others were not indulging in ‘“‘fantasy,” : : . ; ; as some have alleged, when they held up the peaceful illus., bibl. (Universidad de San Carlos conquest of Verapaz as an example of social justice to de Guatemala. Editorial Universitaria be copied in the future. Biermann concludes that the 39).

Verapaz experiment, and other similar events, helped This exhaustive study of the colonial guilds of artisans

to make Spanish law and practice considerably more in Guatemala City is based on research in the na-

humane. tional archives. Its three parts discuss the historical

CENTRAL AMERICA 235 evolution of the guilds, their structure, and their rela- and eighteenth centuries. Based on research in the tionship to such questions as caste, labor, public fes- | Guatemalan national archives.

tivities, and the independence : Maya central documentary appendix. “ 2566.movement. Thompson, Valuabl J. Eric. The 560.- Samayoa S G Héctor H. Imol area at the Spanish conquest and after: Guevara, Mector MH. implan- = =—s a problem in demography. PRAI, 1966: tacion del régimen de intendencias en el 93-37

reino de Guatemala. Guatemala, 1960. the eminent Maya archeologist here asserts that the

219 p. illus., bibl. Choloid area at the base of the Yucatan Peninsula was

A solid study of the intendency system inthe kingdom heavily populated immediately before the Spanish of Guatemala, which began in San Salvador. The au- conquest, and that a rapid subsequent decline was thor suggests that Central American intendencies may caused by imported tropical diseases. Wide-ranging have added to regionalism and subsequent fragmen- research and careful exposition add to the soundness

. malan area.

tation. of the argument. A pioneering study in the Guate-

2561. Simpson, Lesley B. A seventeenth- _ century encomienda: Chimaltenango, 2567. West, Robert C. The mining economy Guatemala. TA. v. 15, Apr., 1959: of Honduras during the colonial period.

393-402. XXXIII Congreso Internacional de

An examination of a large encomienda in 1690, based Americanistas. [ts Actas 2, 1959: 767on an original encomienda report of the period, shows 777.

that the institution had declined considerably. “‘It had After summarizing the period of gold placer mining degenerated into a device for pensioning off descend- from 1530 to about 1560, West gives an account of

ants of the conquistadores or influential people at the development of the silver mines around Tegucicourt, a very far cry from the thinly disguised slavery galpa. Attention is paid to the growth of subsidiary it had been before the promulgation of the New Laws _ industries, such as salt-panning on the Bay of Fonseca

in 1542.” The church was also a major beneficiary. and the raising of mules around La Cholutéca. ArMost important of all, the main reason for the decline —_chival research is thorough. The emphasis is on the in importance of this encomienda was the disappear- _ sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.

_ ae 9. Culture

ance through death or flight of a large part of the Indian labor force of Chimaltenango.

2562. Zavala, Silvio A. Contribucion a la ; historia de las instituciones coloniales 2568. Lanning, John T. The eighteenth-

en Guatemala. Guatemala, 1953. 111 p. century enlightenment in the University illus. (Biblioteca de Cultura Popular 42). of San Carlos de Guatemala. Ithaca,

This brief but valuable discussion of sixteenth-cen- N.Y., 1956. 372 p. illus. tury institutions examines Indian slavery, the en- A detailed, careful examination, based on extensive comienda’ system, and Indian personal services to use of archival resources, which discusses the arrival Spaniards, as these phenomena existed in the area of the enlightenment at the University in Guatemala.

governed by the Audiencia of Guatemala. Both the actual reforms that took place and the change in attitudes are analyzed.

8. Economy 2569. Lanning, John T. The university in a the kingdom of Guatemala. Ithaca, N.Y.,

2563. Floyd, Troy S. Bourbon palliatives 1955. 331 p. illus.

and the Central American mining indus- 4 scholarly, detailed study of the university in colonial try, 1765-1800. TA. v. 18, Oct., 1961: Guatemala. Early attempts to start one, the fights be-

103-125. tween Dominicans and Jesuits for control, and the

Despite reforms, Honduran mining did not flourish organization and activities of the university are eXxin the late eighteenth century. This article examines plained. A model monograph, which places the institu-

why. It complements the study by West. tion in its context. 2564. Floyd, Troy S. The Guatemalan mer- 2570. Markman, Sidney D. Colonial archi-

chants, the government, and the provin- tecture of Antigua, Guatemala. Phila., cianos, 1750-1800. HAHR. v. 41, Feb., 1966. 335 p. illus., maps, bibl. (Memoirs

1961: 90-110. of the American Philosophical Society

Monopolists fighting economic reforms perpetuated 64).

and accentuated hostility between Guatemala andthe _ Beautifully illustrated, this is the first complete study

provinces in the late eighteenth century. of Antigua’s colonial architecture. Based on docu-

‘ . . ments in the Guatemalan national archive and on re-

2069. om? Rover! See b reunion search in the field, the work divides Antiguan colonial and trade in colonial Guatemala. - building into four phases: beginnings before 1680,

v. 39, May, 1959: 181-211. 1680 until the earthquakes of 1717, from 1717 to the

A thorough study of the leading export industry ofthe smaller earthquakes of 1751, and a final phase ending Audiencia of Guatemala for much of the seventeenth in the “cataclysm of 1773 which brought about the

236 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA final abandonment of Antigua.”’ the Spanish throne in 1700 increased contact between Appropriate attention is given to the historical back- the two nations and gave an impetus to smuggling. ground, the materials and methods of construction, After the francophile Charles III came to the throne, and the labor, artisans, and architects involved. The a few Frenchmen even assumed governmental posiAntiguan “style” is analyzed for its basic elements. _ tions in the isthmian area. Others had trouble with the Church buildings form by far the largest group and _ Inquisition. Partly because of these immigrants the receive most discussion. The many disastrous earth- ideas of the philosophes were slowly disseminated quakes are considered as a major inhibitor to building throughout Central America.

and as a saathaudke bapece ey style, often 4575, Hussey, Roland D. Analysis of a docu-

. Cavidi 5 Fundacion de | ment concerning a “Voluntary Dona2571. Mata avid, Jose. see ices, tion’? in Guatemala in 1644. HAHR. v. universidad en Guatemala, I 1688. 24, Nov., 1944: 699-708. Guatemala, 1954. 388 p. illus., bibl. By examining one document in detail, the author spec(Universidad de San Carlos de Guate- ulates about some basic features of seventeenthmala. Editorial Universitaria 14). century Guatemalan society. The governor’s attempts

Based on research in the Guatemalan archives, this © Coerce local vecinos into making “voluntary” conbook follows in great detail the struggle to organize a butions attord insights to ihe size of the population,

university in Guatemala City, now Antigua. The so- !'S ih and economic divisions, and its .relative ciety of the time, the individuals involved, and uni- wealth.

versity activities: art icularly Particutathy ia ane oroughly examined. interesting is are 2576. Milla y Vidaurre, José. Libro sin nomcompetition among the clerical orders for control of bre. 4. . ed. Guatemala, 1935. 308 p.

the university. (Coleccién “Juan Chapin’’ 3). . . ; A collection of historical letters and essays by the

2572. Salazar, Ramon A. Historia del desen- famous Guatemalan intellectual. Included are exvolvimiento intelectual de Guatemala: aminations of the conquest of the Lacand6én area, a época colonial Guatemala 195 1 . 3 Vv study of the population of Guatemala City from 1602

. . “7 4: 1 . to 1900, and discussions of the mining industry and

are Dipl. (Biblioteca de cultura popular ih. chroniclers.

This edition of the nineteenth-century intellectual’s 2577. Simpson, Lesley B. The medicine of

. The study is general and, of course, somewha ; _

most fainous work is a copy or me one publsheain the conquistadores, an American phardated. It remains a useful reference work and dis- macopoeia of 1536. O.v. 3, 1938: 143 cusses little-known aspects of colonial intellectual life. 164. An examination of two apothecaries’ price lists dated 1536. By this date the ayuntamiento of the city was al-

. ready regulating prices to prevent profiteering. Yet

10. Miscellaneous the price of medicine was high, especially preparations . , . that contained rare gums or herbs from the Far East. 2573. Cid Fernandez, Enrique del. Don Many of the prescriptions were purgatives, and in Gabino de Gainza, y otros estudios. general their efficacy must have been slight.

Guatemala, 1959. 337 p. (Coleccion de 2578. Thompson, J. Eric S. Notes on the use

autores guatemalenses Carlos Wyld of cacao in Middle America. Notes on

Ospina 4). . . Middle American Archeology and Eth-

Entertaining and useful studies on various topics. nology. no. 128, 1956: 95-116

corona sntion’ artillery, encomienda, and mining A consideration of the cultural and social phenomena surrounding the use of cacao in the colonial period.

2574. Houdaille, Jacques. Les francais etles This article is also one of the few studies of the imafrancesados en Amérique Centrale portant cacao industry that dominated the economy

1700-1810.. -RHA dj 19*57: of the Pacific coast of the Audiencia of Guatemala AO. 44. » GIC., throughout the sixteenth century. The author shows

305-3 30. that cacao was a staple in the Indian diet during the

Frenchmen visited Central America in considerable colonial period, and an important part of Indian lenumbers in the eighteenth century and a few resided _gends, ritual, religion, and coinage before and after there permanently. The accession of the Bourbons to _ the arrival of the Spaniards.

THE CARIBBEAN 237 E. The Caribbean (1492-1789) RICHARD M. MORSE

The Greater Antilles have exceptional historical importance as the setting for the first phase of European colonization of the New World. They were a proving ground where the Spaniard became acquainted with the flora and fauna of semitropical America, laid out his first New World towns, made his first grievous attempts to harness Indian labor, introduced slaves from Africa, came to grips with problems of economic survival and production, addressed the moral and spiritual dilemmas of the conquest, and began to feel himself part of a new ethnic and psychological community. The islands served also as the staging area and logistic base for the exploration and mapping of two continents and for a multiple assault upon the mainland. In histories of colonial Spanish America the Antilles customarily drop from sight once they perform their vestibular function, and the Caribbean area becomes a danger zone threatening the security of the Spanish empire. It is described as a theater for military and commercial rivalries of aggressive European powers and a haven for privateers, buccaneers, smugglers, and pirates. A. P. Newton (2612) and C. H. Haring (2606) gave solid anchorage for such a point of view. In this historiographical tradition the eighteenth-century creole nativism, or protonation-

alism, of an Arrate in Cuba (2644) or a Sanchez Valverde in Santo Domingo (2681) passes virtually unnoticed. The fact that by the end of the seventeenth century Spain had forfeited to other European nations all the Antilles save for Cuba, eastern Espanola, Puerto Rico, Trinidad, and their adjacent islets helped to obliterate the sense of the Caribbean

as an enchanting archipelagic world unto itself, which permeates the early chronicles and histories. Occasional synoptic accounts that continued to appear generally favor the territories of each author’s allegiance. By and large, Caribbean history has been written island by island or else from regional perspectives defined by strategic and economic interests of the great powers having a stake there.

Recent historical developments in the Caribbean and new orientations of scholarship have drawn researchers’ attention to institutional and comparative aspects of the early centuries. For one thing, nationalism, anticolonialism, and the search for cultural origins are producing fresh examinations of colonial administrations and slave-based social and plantation systems. In A Study on the Historiography of the British West Indies to the End of the Nineteenth Century (704) the Guyanese scholar Elsa V. Goveia uses historians’ attitudes toward slavery and Negroes as an Ockham’s razor for judging their work. On the eve of his country’s independence historian—prime minister Eric Williams sought to enliven

his compatriots’ cultural pride with a militant ‘internally’? conceived national history, History of the People of Trinidad and Tobago (718); he is also compiling a multivolume anthology of historical documents (2592) to assist West Indian “cultural integration.”’ In contemporary Cuba the historian’s task has been re-

238 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA defined by Julio Le Riverend in ‘La ciencia historica en Cuba 1920-1958,” Historia y Sociedad (México), no. 6, 1966: 11-29. The concerns of such historians are quite compatible with changing interests

of the scholarly community at large. For a barometer of this change one may compare the research emphases of our century’s two most prolific Caribbeanists. Irene A. Wright, whose productive years spanned the first third of the century, devoted most of her energy to studying European rivalries, privateering, contraband trade, and military history and to making Spanish sources for these topics available in English. Gabriel Debien, who has published since the 1930’s and is

still in full career, gives primacy to plantation systems, indentured and slave labor, African origins of slaves, fugitive slaves, entrepreneurship, and patterns of European emigration.and intra-Caribbean migration. Plantations, slavery, and race have of course been topics of perennial fascination in the Caribbean world since the early chroniclers. However, the sanctimonious attitudinizing of the nineteenth century, when abolitionism and racism be-

came such prominent themes, was not conducive to the warm, unaffected response to ethnically mixed societies of the earlier Dutertre (2582) or Labat (2739), nor did it favor the sophisticated cross-cultural comparisons of a Petit (2741) or a Moreau de Saint-Meéry (2740).

In our century the Cuban scholar Fernando Ortiz developed the field of AfroCaribbean studies almost singlehandedly in the largest of the Antilles. Not until the 1940’s were the themes that attracted him brought to a wide audience by Melville J. Herskovits’ treatment of African cultural survivals in The Myth of the Negro Past (N.Y., 1941), Eric Williams’ economic interpretation of slavery and emancipation in Capitalism and Slavery (Chapel Hill, N. C., 1944), Frank Tannenbaum’s historicolegal interpretation of slavery and race relations in Slave

and Citizen: The Negro in the Americas (605), and subsequent exchanges between Williams and Tannenbaum. The 1950’s saw an upsurge of social science research on the Caribbean. This stimulated interest in the historical origins of contemporary problems and sharp-

ened the theoretical and comparative dimensions of questions posed by historians. A Jamaican scholar, M. G. Smith, set forth important cross-disciplinary base lines in A Framework for Caribbean Studies (Mona, Jamaica, 1955). Since 1956 the Research Institute for the Study of Man, the Institute of Social and Economic Research (University of the West Indies), and the Institute of Caribbean Studies (University of Puerto Rico) have sponsored at least seven international conferences on the Caribbean convoking historians and social scientists to focus on such topics as plantation societies, cultural pluralism, political sociology, and regional integration. The preoccupation of contemporary United States scholars with race relations and their growing dissatisfaction with purely national historical explanations have reopened the polemic of the 1940’s with special attention to the multicultural Caribbean experience. Although Herbert Klein’s comparative study of Cuba and Virginia (596) is largely a reprise of the Tannenbaum thesis, the work of David B. Davis and Eugene D. Genovese suggests important new vistas and formulations.

The growing interest in comparative Caribbean history does not signify that there are sufficient local histories from which to construct it. Of the larger islands,

Puerto Rico is especially deficient in this regard; for many aspects of its early history one still turns to Salvador Brau (1072) and Abbad y Lasierra (2700).

THE CARIBBEAN: GENERAL 239 Topical as well as territorial coverage is uneven, and, for the non-Hispanic Caribbean at least, it has generally been presented until recently from an external

European viewpoint. Military history has undoubtedly been best attended to, followed by administrative, ecclesiastical, economic, and social history. Cultural and intellectual matters have been severely neglected, two outstanding exceptions being works on Santo Domingo by Henriquez Urefia (2687) and Palm (2693). The field of biography has also been badly served. The following bibliography contains items that pertain to the Antilles, to non-

Spanish mainland territories (the Guianas and British Honduras, or Belice), and to the Caribbean as a whole. The conventionally ‘“‘Latin American” lands (Cuba, Espanola, and Puerto Rico) receive proportionately greater attention. With a few exceptions, the items listed below relate exclusively to the period 1492-1789. This terminal date was selected because the immediate repercussions of the French Revolution create a more notable watershed for Caribbean history than does the outbreak of the Spanish American wars for independence. Classification of certain items as sources or secondary accounts is sometimes arbitrary; the determining criterion is whether a work is principally useful for historical recapitulation or for contemporary reporting. Many of the best Caribbean authorities do not appear in this section of the guide because they deal with a larger theater. These include Bartolomé de Las

Casas, Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo, Pietro Martire d’Anghiera, José de Acosta, Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas, Jan Huygen van Linschoten, Joannes de Laet, Juan de Castellanos, Girolamo Benzoni, Juan Lépez de Velasco, Samuel de Champlain, Antonio Vazquez de Espinosa, Thomas Gage, and Abbé Raynal. Relevant excerpts, however, appear in some of the documentary collections listed. Bibliographies and research aids limited to or emphasizing the period 14921789 are described below. Important guides that cover a longer time span will be found in Part I. For bibliographies of 389 contemporary Caribbeanists, 75 of them historians, see William A. Trambley, ed., Directory of Caribbean Scholars (2nd ed., Rio Piedras, P. R., 1964).

1. General Domingue. Tableau comparatif des productions des colonies francaises aux

a. Sources Antilles, avec celles des colonies an-

glaises, espagnoles et hollandaises de 2579. Andrews, Kenneth R., ed. English Pannée 1787 a 1788. Paris, 1799. 73 p. privateering voyages to the West Indies, Interesting comparative data followed by a study of 1588-1595. Cambridge, 1959. xxvii, production on a single sugar plantation.

421 p. illus., wT ELY bibl. (Fhe Hakluyt 25g, Campbell, John. Candid and impartial comets ty icements relating to some two dozen considerations on the na ture of the sugar

privateering expeditions. Main sources are previously trade; the comparative importance of the

printed Hakluyt narratives; 28 Spanish documents British and French islands in the West from the Archivo de Indias, all but two translated by Indies: with the value and consequence Irene Wright and serving as a sequel to her own collec- of St. Lucia and Grenada, truly stated. tions; andform recordsthe of the Highof Court Admiralty, London, 1763. 228 which bulk theofcollection. A general in-p. maps. . ane a aot: troduction, 18 chapter introductions, and footnotes his classic treatise is broader than the title indicates.

provide ample interpretation. Written to convince the British of the value of their

tropical possessions transferred by the Peace of Paris,

2580. Avalle, habitant cultivateur de Saint- it examines the comparative economic advantages

IAO COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA enjoyed by the several European colonial powers in Indies by the buccaneers of Jamaica

the Caribbean. a _ and Tortuga, both English and French 2582. Dutertre, Jean ‘B. Histoire générale ... William S. Stallybrass, ed. London, des Antilles habitees par les frangais. 1924. 480 p. illus. (Broadway transla-

Paris, 1667-1671. 4 v. illus., maps. tions).

Dutertre, a Dominican father who lived and traveled First published in Dutch in 1678, this Caribbean in the Lesser Antilles for many years, wrote his care- classic exists in dozens of editions in many languages.

fully constructed history with style, spirit, and This modernized reprint of the second (1684) edition warmth. Many consider it the finest seventeenth-cen- of the English translation includes a journal of extury work on the Caribbean. V. 1, 3, and 4 deal with _ ploits in the South Seas by Basil Ringrose, an English

the settlement and administration of the French is- buccaneer. Exquemelin, a Dutchman or Fleming, lands and international conflicts to 1668. V. 2 is a shipped out as an engagé of the French West India perceptive guide to the islands, their natural history, Company but became a barber-surgeon with the filieconomy, society, and way of life. The work is docu- busters. His honest reporting of the cruelties of mented from contemporary accounts, diplomatic |’Olonnais and Morgan was a prime ingredient for the papers, and oral testimony from informants in the soon-legendary figure of the Caribbean buccaneer.

Antilles and sea captains in French ports. A short ; . , early version appeared as Histoire générale des isles 2586. Inchaustegui Cabr al, Joaquin M. La

de §. Christophe de la Guadeloupe de la Martinique gran expedicion inglesa contra las Anet autres dans l Amérique (Paris, 1654) and was liber- tillas Mayores. México, 1953. t. 1, El ally drawn upon by Rochefort. The Histoire générale . “1a des Antilles was republished at Fort-de-France, 1958. plan antillano de Cromwell o 651-1655). 655, ccxlvii p. illus., maps, bibl. 2583. Ellffryth, Daniell. Daniell Ellffryth’s Highly detailed with long appendix of English and Guide to the Caribbean, 1631. Stanley Spanish documents. This volume reaches only the Pargellis and Ruth Lapham Butler, eds. ©™arkation for Santo Domingo.

WMQ. 3. ser., v. 1, no. 3, July, 1944: 2587. Jefferys, Thomas. The West-India

1-44. illus., map. atlas: or, a compendious description of

An undated, previously unpublished manuscript from the West-Indies, illustrated with forty

the Newberry Library. Written from Providence Is-

land off the Mosquito Coast, where the author hoped oth ae farts ane Maps . f h together to colonize, the document contains a rutter for the with an historical account of the severa Caribbean islands and coasts, followed by a request countries and islands . . . London, to the Providence Company for permission to con- 1775.27 p. 39 maps.

tinue coastal explorations. Ellffryth was an English A handsome and accurate collection of maps of the privateer who provides highly accurate sailing direc- islands and harbor plans with historical accounts. Retions based on 20 years of Caribbean seafaring. The issued in many editions until well into the nineteenth text 1s presented with a professional introduction and century. Jefferys, who was Geographer to the King

notes and some _ eighteenth-century Caribbean of England, had also published A Description of the

sketches. Spanish islands and settlements on the coast of the

2584. Enciso, Martin Fernandez de. A brief ¢5! /”ies (London, 1762), ae

summe of geographie. Roger Barlow, tr. 2588. Lugo, Ameérico, ed. Recopilacion London, 1932. Ivi, 210 p. illus., map. diplomatica relativa a las colonias fran-

(The Hakluyt Society. 2. ser. 69). cesa y espanola de la isla de Santo Barlow’s translation (with additions) of the Suma de Domingo ( 1640-1701). Ciudad Trujillo,

geografia . .. (1519; later eds. 1530, 1546) of 1944. xlvii, 433 p. (Coleccion Trujillo. Martin Fernandez de Enciso; completed in 1541, it is ser. 3. Documentos y estudios histéricos here published for the first time. Known as the first 1)

book printed in Spain and in Spanish on America, 2? . , . a the Suma is a compendium of world geography pre- This collection, published 30 years after Its compila ceded by a pilot’s manual. Enciso spent several years tion, is drawn largely from the Archives Nationales in the Caribbean area where he clashed with Balboa Of France. Many documents are wholly or partly in Uraba and later returned to Castilla del Oro with transcribed, some wholly or partly summarized in

Pedrarias Davila as alguacil mayor. José Toribio Spanish, others merely identified. Little scholarly Medina published Enciso’s section on the West In- 4Pparatus. Material consists of diplomatic correspondies with an introduction as Descripcién de las Indias dence and reports between the French government Occidentales (Santiago de Chile, 1897). The Suma nd its agents in Tortuga and Saint Domingue, and was reedited in full by Julio Fernando Guillén y Tato Some_ between French and Spanish authorities in

(Madrid,. -,1935). Espafola. 2589. Malouet, Pierre V. Collection de 2585. Exquemelin, Alexandre Olivier. The mémoires sur les colonies. Paris, 1802. buccaneers of America, a true account of 5 v. illus., maps. the most remarkable assaults committed Malouet, a former ‘‘administrateur des Colonies et of late years upon the coast of the West de la Marine,” compiled this rich documentary collec-

THE CARIBBEAN: GENERAL I4] tion that bears on nearly every aspect of colonial Part I contains 73 generally brief Spanish documents life and administration in the French Caribbean and in translation from the Archivo General de Indias. Surinam, particularly during the 1770’s. Volume titles | Part If supplements them with the four “most interestvary. V. 1-3 (Collection de mémoires et correspon- ing available English versions” of the enterprises dealt

dances officielles sur administration des colonies, et with, notably Sir Francis Drake Revived (probably notamment sur la Guiane francaise et hollandaise) . written by Drake and printed in 1628). Good introduccontain eighteenth-century plans for colonizing French tion and notes.

Guiana, Malouet’s reports and correspondence re- . . lating to his service in Cayenne, and an account of 2594, Wright, Irene A., ed. F urther English his trip to Surinam. V. 4 contains a general survey of voyages to Spanish America, I 583-1594. the society, institutions, commerce, defenses, admin- London, 1951. xciii, 314 p. illus., maps,

istration, finances, and religion of Saint Domingue bibl. (The Hakluyt Society. ?. ser. 99). with proposals for reform, Submitted by Malouet in One hundred documents in translation from the Ar1775. V. 5 contains a treatise on slavery that justifies chivo General de Indias containing Spanish accounts

the slave trade but pleads for humane treatment of of English voyages to the Caribbean, the Spanish

slaves. Main, Florida, and Virginia. They cover “‘the transi-

. - , and the privateering of the years tha

2590. Petit, Emilien. Traité sur le gouverne- eae sqeoenizen ware the campaign. of rake an

V ment des esclaves. aus, pitt. 2 Ya S followed.” New light is shed on Drake in Santo v. i contams 2 chapters tat set tor French, Span= —_ Domingo and Cartagena. Substantial introduction. ish, and English laws affecting colored persons. V. 2

1S the author’s comparative evaluation, entitled ““Com- 2595. Wright, Irene A., ed. Nederlandsche Pnoles. et angloises sur le gouvernement des gens'de -_22€Vaarders op de eilanden in de Carai-

couleur, esclaves et libres par naissance, ou par af- bische Zee en aan de Kust van Columbia franchissement.” Petit, an Antillean creole, was a en Venezuela gedurende de jaren 1621“député des Conseils supérieurs des Colonies Fran- 1648(9). C. F. A. Van Dam, tr. Utrecht, sre moderate and reasoned, and his comparisons of 2241935. 2 v. illus., maps. (Historisch

legal systems are dispassionate. Genootschap. Werken. 3. ser., 63, 64). Collection of documents, mostly from the Archivo

ane ; S

General de Indias, pertaining to Dutch seafarers to

2591. Warner, George F., ed. The voyage of the Spanish Main and the Antilles (including Cuba,

Robert Dudley .. . to the West Indies, Espanola, Puerto Rico, Tortuga, and the Dutch is1594-1595. London, 1899. Ixvi, 104 p. lands). Given in Spanish and in Dutch translation

illus., map. (The Hakluyt Society. 2. with notes.

ser. 3). 2596. Wright, Irene A., ed. Spanish docu-

This privateering voyage was the earliest recorded ments concerning English voyages to the

Englishnarratives attempt to occupy Trinidad here, and thecomposed Orinoco. Caribb 1527-1568. Lond 1929. Three are collected by anlobean _ London, Dudley, the leader; Kendall, chief pilot; and Wyatt, a 167 p. illus., maps. (The Hakluyt So-

military officer. Lengthy editor’s preface. ciety. 2. ser. 62).

on: . Twenty-nine documents from the Archivo General de

2592. Williams, Eric E., ed. Documents of Indias. First of a series of collections translated from West Indian history. Port of Spain, 1963. Spanish sources to balance English accounts of the V. 1, 1492-1655, from the Spanish con- voyages, such as those in the Hakluyt collection.

quest to the British conquest of Jamaica. Xxxv, 310 p. b. Secondary Works First of five promised volumes of documents that are ;

to reach the year 1962 and are designed to contribute 2597. Andrews, Kenneth R. Elizabethan toward the “cultural integration | of the ne Indian privateering. English privateering during

area. This one contains 282 items, mostly brief ex- the Spanish War, 1585-1603. Camcerpts; announced d 9297 9 bibl relations its anddominant monopoly.” themes The eightare chapter topics are:as bri“race ge, 1964. p. map, O10, .

discovery, economic organization of the Spanish Authoritative account of Elizabethan privateering Caribbean, white settlement, Indian labor, Negro from manuscript and printed sources, Spanish and slavery, Spanish colonial system, international rivalry, English. Defines and describes the activity of priand organization of the non-Spanish Caribbean. The Vateering; examines types of venture and venturer, political views of the editor, Trinidad’s historian- 4SS¢Ssing economic aspects; original narratives of two prime minister, control the selection and give it expeditions are reproduced. Part II discusses priva-

piquancy. teering initthe Caribbean andWorld the Portuguese empire . and relates to British New colonization. In2593. Wright, Irene A., ed. Documents con- _terconnections among privateering, war and comcerning English voyages to the Spanish mercial expansion are stressed. Appendix lists priMain 1569-1580. London. 1932. lxiv vateers and prizes for 1589-1591 and 1598.

348 p. illus., maps. (The Hakluyt So- 2598. Bourne, Ruth. Queen Anne’s navy in

ciety. 2. ser. 71). the West Indies. New Haven, 1939. 334

242 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA p. map, bibl. (Yale historical publica- 2604. Dessalles, Adrien. Histoire générale

tions. Miscellany 33). des Antilles. Paris, 1847-1848. 5 v.

A solid monograph based on English sources that This stylistically inflated work is a “political and studies causes of British eighteenth-century maritime | COmmercial history from European settlement to supremacy. The author discounts the British navy as 1715 and a “political” history from 1715 to 1775. a “machine of aggression,” stressing its role as a French Antilles receive major emphasis. Documenta“policing force’ to help carry out trade policies. Bri- Won from family papers and the French Archives tain obtained Spanish American wealth by “trade, Coloniales; documentary appendixes for the French

not conquest.” islands with census statistics and data on commerce, ; . slave trade, the militia and other topics. V. 3 is the 2599. Canabrava, Alice P. A forca motriz: second edition of the Annales du Conseil Souverain

um problema da técnica da industria do de la Martinique, published in 1786 by Dessalles’s acucar colonial (a solucdo antilhana e a grandfather, Pierre Régis Dessalles, who had been an

tas a adviser to the Conseil.nas peanee brasileira). A lavoura canavieira Antilhas e no Brasil (primeira metade 2605. Goveia, Elsa V. The West Indian slave do século xviii). Salvador, Bahia, 1950. laws of the eighteenth century. RCS. (Primeiro da Const iy ond prnetice of sl Bahia.Congresso Anais. dav.Histéria 4: 337-387). Fae Dentreatment OF Staves An important documented study that compares meth. the, Spanish, Hrench, and Bris, ands. with ods of sugar production in Brazil and the Antilles and = «Both in their content and in their enforcement, the explores reasons for the shifts in hegemony from the West India slave laws follow a remarkably consistent

Brazilian to the British and French zones. pattern.” 2600. Charlevoix, Pierre F. X. de. Histoire 2606. Haring, Clarence H. The buccaneers

de Visle Espagnole ou de S. Domingue, in the West Indies in the xvii century. éecrite particulicrement sur des mémoires London, 1910. 298 p. illus., maps, bibl.

manuscrits du P. Jean-Baptiste Le This standard and still reliable work, based partly on Pers ... Amsterdam, 1733. 4 v. illus., manuscript sources, not only relates the buccaneers’

maps. exploits but also deals with English and French policy

Charlevoix, a Jesuit father, divided his history into toward pnem. Some attention is given as well to the two parts. The first deals with the prehistory and sixteenth-century freebooters and the eighteenth-cenhistory of Espanola to 1606: the second carries the tury pirates.

history to 1724. 2607. Hussey, Roland D. Spanish reaction to

2601. Christelow, Allan. Contraband trade foreign aggression in the Caribbean to between Jamaica and the Spanish Main, about 1680. HAHR. v. 9, Aug., 1929: and the Free Port Act of 1766. HAHR. 286-302. v. 22, May, 1942: 309-343. This survey covers a century and a half, ending with A study from English sources, which concludes that the start of a new era when Spain acquiesced in the after 1763 British contraband trade with Spanish foreign presence in the Caribbean and disturbances America did not decline but shifted into ‘new and became limited to open warfare or “cases of in-

more scattered channels.” dividual lawless outbreak.

2602. Coke, Thomas. A history of the West 2608. Le Pers, Jean-Baptiste. | Histoire Indies, containing the natural, civil, and civile, morale et naturelle de lisle de St.

ecclesiastical history of each island: Domingue. BAGN. 18 installments in with an account of the missions . . . consecutive nos. from ano 9, v. 9, no. Liverpool, 1808-1811. 3 v. illus., map. mare mayo Agoste. ar vost: 14,

This general history deals with geography, the Indians, Vv. 14, no. » €nero marzo ’ *

and the Catholic and Protestant missions, then pre- 4 Jesuit missionary born in Flanders, Le Pers lived in

sents histories of each island. Espafola and the Espafiola from 1704 to 1734. This work is published British islands, especially Jamaica, receive emphasis. from a transcript of one of three of his manuscripts Coke, a Methodist missionary, wanted to supplement ! the Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris. The earliest two Bryan Edwards by recording ‘the progress of Chris- Were mémoires sent to Charlevoix for use in his own

tianity in the Antilles; his “ecclesiastical” sections history. The third, reproduced here, was edited after draw widely on sources now irrecoverable. Charlevoix’s work appeared and contains criticisms of

. it. Charlevoix, however, who used documents in

2603. Crouse, Nellis M. The French strug- France, is generally superior to Le Pers except for gle for the West Indies, 1665-1713.N.Y., the years 1705-1730, which the latter narrated as an

: : eyewitness. Only the first volume of the present work,

Sequel i eee rece nine Sea Comprehen- a “civil history.” survives, although Le Pers’s natural sive account based on standard sources, stressing history was probably see Recta eater Maaty

Anglo-French rivalry, Spanish passivity, and defeat ore des ma “ fe . g ; ° of Dutch commercial ambitions. 2609. Le Riverend Brusone, Julio J. Rela-

THE CARIBBEAN: GENERAL 243 ciones entre Nueva Espana y Cuba _ the “American equilibrium” created by the Peace of (1518-1820). RHA. nos. 37-38. enero— Utrecht, as Europe began “‘to recover from the age

di 1954: ° of to adventurers . . .once and wild alliances, CIC., - "45-108 cae 7 and settle down moreortoimprovised colonial rivalries.”

This is a study of internal relations within the “North- By the end of the period studied: ‘France and Spain ern imperial zone” of Spanish America that gravitated were not yet second-rate powers, and they had not to around Mexico. Topics covered are trade, finances, = wait very long for a chance to turn the tables on Slave traffic, cultural relations, and naval strategy. England.”

The author uses printed and Mexican archival sources, ;

indicating that Cuban archives should also be ex- 2615. Pares, Richard. Yankees and creoles:

plored. the trade between North America and 2610. Means, Philip A. The Spanish Main, the West Indies before the American focus of envys 1492-1700. N.Y., 1935. Revolution. Cambridge, Mass., 1956. 278 p. illus., maps, bibl. 168 p. maps. | | ‘“‘Spanish Main” here includes the Caribbean Sea, This study of North American-West Indian trade the southern half of the Gulf of Mexico, adjacent complements the author’s War and Trade. Based mainland and the Antilles. This readable general his- _ largely on manuscript sources, it deals with the nature

tory emphasizes conquest, bold exploits, international of the North American entrepreneurs, the outward rivalry, and contrasting colonial systems. Useful for cargoes, the return cargoes, and the importance of the

scope and coverage rather than insight or fresh trade in the North American economy. Includes

scholarship. market histories of Antigua and Surinam.

2611. Nettels, Curtis. England and the 2616. Rochefort, Charles César de. Histoire

Spanish-American trade, 1680-1715. naturelle et morale des iles Antilles de

JMH. v. 3, Mar., 1931: 1-32. Amérique ... 2. ed. Rotterdam, 1665.

An article well researched from English sources that 583 p. illus. proves the importance of Spanish trade through Rochefort, a Protestant minister, traveled in the CaribJamaica as a source of bullion for England. Jamaican bean; he deals principally with the Lesser Antilles, politics are shown to revolve around the interests of | for which he provides a natural and a ‘“‘moral”’ history.

planters and privateers on one hand, and the Royal Although Dutertre accused him of plagiary, RocheAfrican Company, the asentistas and the English fort had access to some first-hand sources, notably government on the other. Also deals with Anglo- information and documents from Governors Poincy

French and Anglo-Dutch rivalries. and Aubert. Much of the “moral” history concerns

the Carib Indians, and Father Raymond Breton’s 2612. Newton, Arthur P. The European na- Carib vocabulary is appended. John Davies’s English

tions in the West Indies, 1493-1688. translation appeared in 1666 as The History of the London, 1933. 356 p. maps. (The pioneer Caribby-Islands. Comprehensive histories). ynthesis bysynthesis an able scholarby stressi Engel.stressing Dutch-Spanish an 2617. ableSluiter, scholar . .rivalry _

common or parallel developments in the Antilles in the Caribbean alca, 1594-1609. rather than local histories, and ‘‘matters of sober poli- HAHR. v. 28, May, 1948 165-1 96.

tics, of treaties and theories of international law” ra- | Seeks to determine how much the intrusion of Dutch

. ean jeopardize pain’s position in the region. Con-

ther than the “‘romance”’ of galleons and buccaneers. Smugglers, sat ran and Privateers into the canb-

2613. Pares, Richard. Merchants and cludes that this ‘war by attrition,” of great economic planters. Cambridge, 1960. 91 p. bibl. benefit to the Dutch, was a protective shield for (The Economic History Review Supple- Dutch, French, and British colonization in the

ments 4) Guianas, Lesser Antilles, and eastern North America.

Well-documented comparative study of plantation 2618. Smelser, Marshall. The campaign for financing in the British tobacco colonies (Virginia, the Sugar Islands, 1759: a study of am-

Maryland,sugar Bermuda) andinthe and French hibi rf. ChWartare. 1 Hill. ape 1955. Caribbean colonies the British seventeenth and Ppnid1IoUus Ii, 212 eighteenth centuries. Chapters deal with “the founders p. maps, bibl.

of the colonies,” “plantations,” “colonial trade,” and © Documented and spirited account in broad historical

“debtors and creditors”; they were delivered as the context of the British campaign against Martinique 1956-1957 Chichele Lectures at Oxford. Pares con- and Guadeloupe in 1759, which S. E. Morison in the trasts the British and French systems of colonial foreword calls “perhaps the most successful amphicommerce, emphasizing that the British merchant was _ bious landing in history” between Agamemnon’s at a mere agent of the British planter, while French Troy and Eisenhower’s in Normandy.

merchants and planters were adversaries on questions , of prices or freedom of trade 4 2619. Zapatero, José M. La guerra del . ; Caribe en el siglo xvii. San Juan, 1964. 2614. Pares, Richard. War and trade in the 623 p e West Indies, 1739-1763. Oxford, 1936. Compilation of important naval and diplomatic studies

631 p. map. of eighteenth-century Anglo-Spanish rivalry in the

Thorough, documented study of the breakdown of Caribbean by a Spanish naval historian. Printed and

244 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA manuscript sources, many of them reproduced. 2625. Oviedo y Valdés, Gonzalo Fernandez de. Sumario de la natural historia de las

2. Spanish Caribbean Indias. México, 1950. 279 lp. (Biblioteca Americana. Serie de cronistas de Indias a. General 13). .. ; _ Oviedo wrote the Sumario at the request of Charles

2620. Angulo Iniguez, Diego. El] gotico y el V after he had spent many years in the Indies. Berenacimiento en las Antillas. Sevilla. cause he composed it in Spain, far from his notes, it - is not a mere compendium of the lengthy Historia ge1947. 101 Pp. illus. (Escuela de Estudios neral y natural de las Indias. Published in 1526, the Hispano-Americanos de Sevilla. Publica- Sumario deals only with the Antilles and Tierra Firme,

ciones 36). leaving New Spain for the larger work. Natural his-

Description of sixteenth-century art works in Cuba, tory is stressed but not to the exclusion of social and

Santo Domingo and Puerto Rico: architecture (in- economic matters. The work is notable for scope, cluding Jamaica), sculpture, painting, azulejos, and compactness, and clear, simple style. Jose Miranda orfebreria. There are plans of the cathedral and the provides an extended introduction. There is an Engchurch of San José in San Juan de Puerto Rico and_ lish translation by S. A. Stoudemire (Chapel Hill. 81 photographs. The material was not included in the N.C., 1959).

author " 31. ae arte hispano-americano \Bar- 9626, Sauer, Carl O. The early Spanish

; ; Main. Berkeley, 1966. 306 p. illus., maps,

2621. Chacon y Calvo, José M. La expe- bibl.

riencia del indio (Zun antecedente a las A _ geographer’s broad-gauged attempt “to outline doctrinas de Victoria?). Madrid, 1934. and interpret the historical geography” of the Spanish

76 p. Main (i.e., the “Islas y Tierra Firme de las Indias”)

An essay that emphasizes the influence of clerics in fr ine perioe ee a 1? te hoe the seen as ‘

the Antilles upon Spanish policy toward the Indians. Colt sus ad. ni S ¢ ‘ures: th y- Mme lions. of Fourteen documents are appended (ca. 1520-1543), ofumbus rh is Tarlures, 4 c d the fruitless 0

some previously unpublished. Fonseca and King Ferdinand; and the fruitless attempts of Cisneros “‘to stem collapse and desolation.

2622. Cordova, Efren. La encomienda y la A_ mature and useful synthesis, although modern desaparicién de los indios en las Antillas Scholarship 1s not always heeded.

Mayores. CS. v. 8, Oct., 1968: 23-49. 2627. Zavala, Silvio A. Los trabajadores Ineattempting to develop a Plausiv’e expranation en el siglo xvi. [n his Estudios virtual extermination of the Indianstor inantillanos the Greater - a sat Antilles, the author stresses the nature of the labor indianos. Mexico, 1948 Li. C., 1949]. 464

system imposed rather than wars and epidemics. p., 95-203.

Based on printed sources. Study of labor in the Antilles based on printed docu-

. ments. Discusses Spanish policy toward enslavement

2623. Gonzales Carranza, Domingo. A geo- of Indians; the problem of the Carib; labor recruitgraphical description of the coasts, har- ment from the uncolonized islands; importation of bors, and seaports of the Spanish West- labor from New Spain; the legally free indios de recor : _ partimiento, who were “‘the principal labor force of Indies; P articular ly of Porto Bello, Car the Antilles’; European workers; and beginnings of tagena, and the island of Cuba woe Lon- the African slave trade. don, 1740. 124 p. maps. Translated from an unfinished manuscript in Spanish

of 1718. Describes Caribbean coasts, harbors, chan- b. Cuba

nels, and currents, with a map of the area and harbor

plans for Veracruz, Cartagena, Habana, and Porto | Din . .

Bello. Appendix has Capt. William Parker’s descrip- I. Bibliographies and Guides

tion of Porto Bello from the attack of 1601. 2628. Leon y Canales, Benito. Archivo de 2624. Hanke, Lewis. The first social experi- Indias: ingenieros cubanos, siglos xvi, ments in America. Cambridge, Mass., XVI, Y XVill, noticias historicas. Manuel

1935. 99 p. bibl. (Harvard historical Pérez-Beato, ed. Habana, 1941. 190 p. monographs 5). illus., maps. Surveys theoretical problems of the Spanish conquest Extracts made in 1851-1852 from the Archivo Ge-

and the Spanish concept of the Indian, then describes __ neral de Indias for a history of the Spanish Cuerpo de

the Jeronymite interrogatory in Espanola (1516- Ingenieros. Includes biographies of engineers and 1518), the experiments of Rodrigo de Figueroa to officials, J. M. de la Torre’s study of Habana’s fortiestablish free Indian villages in Espanola in 1519- fications (1846), and a portfolio of seventeenth-cen-

1521 (with reference to Antonio de la Gama’s similar tury plans. attempt in Puerto Rico), and the Cuban experiments . . of 1525-1535. Based on manuscript and printed 2629. Le Riverend Brusone, Julio J. Notas

sources. para una bibliografia cubana de los siglos

THE SPANISH CARIBBEAN 245 1950: 128-231. Of trabana in

Xvii y xviii. UH. nos. 88-90, enero-jun., ue biblograpmical guide to the British occupation A brief statement on cultural trends in seventeenth-

and eighteenth-century Cubawriters is followed a bioii."Sources bibliographical list of Cuban from by J. M. Beri-

stain de Souza’s Biblioteca hispano-americana sep- s , ; tentrional. Le Riverend supplies additional notes and 2635. Chacon y Cc alvo, Jose M. Ce dulario information on Cuban university graduates, especially cubano (los origenes de la colonizacion).

those from the University of Mexico. Documentary Madrid, 1929. xxxvill, 481 p._ illus. appendix contains academic expedientes of many (Coleccion de documentos inéditos para

graduates. la historia de Hispano-América 6).

2630. Medina, José T. La imprenta en la_ The only volume published of a projected series of Habana, 1707-1810, notas bibliograficas. three. Contains published and unpublished documents San tiago de Chile. 1904. xxxii. 199 p covering the period to the end of Velazquez’s governor-

; ? . ’a*established. ship, by which theclassifies plan for the colonization illus. Thetime editor documentswas as

Lists 271 publications with occasional notes and relating directly to Cuba; as relating to Espafola but

quoted material. Introduction briefly surveys printing referring to or having implications for Cuba; and as

in Habana for the period. reales cédulas of general interest.

2631. Moreno Fraginals, Manuel. Misiones 2636. Cuba. Archivo Nacional. Nuevos cubanas en los archivos europeos. Mé- papeles sobre la toma de la Habana por xico, 1951. 124 p. bibl. (Instituto Pan- los ingleses en 1762. Habana, 1951. 281

americano de Geografia e Historia. p. illus. (Publicaciones del Archivo Comision de Historia 28. Misiones Nacional de Cuba 33).

Americanas en los Archivos Europeos Documents from the Mexican National Archives

3)- concerning the and conquest ane restoration of Habana; . , (1761-1 13 unrelate ocuments

ees Tava heces Cale ae papers rer 1802-1803). Useful for details of Cuban life as well 1935) to archives in Spain and gives indexes of docu- as of the occupation.

ments copied. Theseventeenth Carbonell collectioncentury is mostly six2637. a Cuba. Archivo Papeles teenth and with few laterNacional. items; ine

the Chacon collection covers 1493-1562. The copies sobre la toma ve is Ms abana r ve in

were mostly deposited in the Archivo Nacional de gieses en ft : abana, : Pp. Cuba, and many have been published. illus. up eactones del Archivo Na-

. . , cional de Cuba 18).

2632. . Spain. Archivo General de Indias, Contains documents given to the Archivo Nacional Sevilla. Catalogo de los fondos cubanos by the Earl of Albemarle (descended from the comdel Archivo General de Britishthe landBritish forces inPublic the conquest of pe 4 :Indias. ana),Prelimiothersmander copiedoffrom Records 5 id study by Mose Ae 1 pe sp poeaut Office, and others from the Archivo Nacional. Eng-

9 te . .

, ADE - * ‘+ “> — lish documents are given in the original and in Spanish

Seville, ‘1925. (Coreccion, de documen- translation.

Neetiont Tr). historia de Hispano- 2638. Habana. Ayuntamiento. Actas capitu-

First volume contains consultas and decretos (1664— lares del Ayuntamiento de la Habana. 1820). Second volume contains expedientes diarios Habana, 1937-1946. 3 v. illus. (Colec-

(1642-1799). cion de Documentos , Ly: Cuba 1-3). para la historia de 2633. Trelles y Govin, C arlos M. B iblio 8Ia- Edited by Emilio Roig de Leuchsenring. V. 1 (part 1)

fia oo pgos xvi Yattempts XVill. 2. consists of Roig’s preface, whichde reviews previous ed.cubana Nabana, . p. 1us. to publish Habana’s libros cabildo, and

Lists 2,100 items, as against 850 in the first edition his “preliminary study,” which surveys the history and its Suplemento (Matanzas, 1907 and 1908). In- of Habana to 1565. V. 1 (part 2) contains the actas cludes copious notes, excerpts, historical data, and for 1550-1565 (earlier ones have not survived); v. 2 poems by Cubans. Divided into five sections: books for 1566-1574; and v. 3 for 1575-1578.

and pamphlets by Cubans; Cuban imprints; manu- . . scripts; books and pamphlets by foreigners; and cartog- 2639. Habana. Ayuntamiento. La dominaraphy. This edition omits the ‘‘Apuntes para la cion inglesa de la Habana. Libro de

bibliografia dominicana y portorriquena” that ap- cabildos 1762-1763. Habana, 1929. xxx,

pearedZin the first. 138 p. “141: This publication, edited by Emilio Roig de Leuchsen-

2634. Zurbaran, Juana. Bibliografia de la ring, reproduces the actas of the Habana cabildo from

toma de la Habana por los ingleses. August 15, 1762, to July 2, 1763, during the British RBNH. 2, 1-4, enero-dic., 1960: 44-53. occupation. Appendixes include eight miscellaneous

246 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA documents from the same period. Historical back- 2645. Bachiller y Morales, Antonio. Cuba:

ground supplied in the editor’s preface. monografia histdrica que comprende

2640. Habana. Biblioteca Nacional “José § desde la pérdida de la Habana hasta la Marti.”” Departamento Coleccién Cubana. restauraciOn espanola. Habana, 1883.

Cinco diarios del sitio de la Habana. 214 p. illus., maps.

Habana, 1963. 265 p. maps, illus., bibl. Interesting account of the British occupation of

Diaries by three Spaniards and two Englishmen kept Hapana, which Stresses Denents fnat accrued to vupa during the English siege of Habana in 1762. without absolving the British Of immoderate “ambIcidn de botin.”” A documentary appendix contains

2641. Habana. Biblioteca Nacional “José popular décimas of 1762 commemorating the episode.

Marti.” Departamento Coleccion Cubana. 2646. Bay Sevilla, Luis. Arquitectura colo-

Documentos inéditos sobre la toma de la nial cubana. AANA. afio 29, 5. 24, Habana por los ingleses en 1762. Ha- enero—dic., 1943: 61-94.

illus. ,

bana, 1963. 330 p. illus., map, bibl. Competent and useful synthesis. Contains the Earl of Albemarle’s book of warrants, , , . documents on Admiral Blénac’s French squadron, 2647. Chacon y Calvo, José M. Ideario de la the seizure of Habana as reported by the Gazette de colonizacion de Cuba. Habana, 1933. Hollande, and miscellaneous correspondence. Docu- 49 p. illus.

ments given in the original and in Spanish translation. An interpretation of leading themes of Cuban history

2642. Rojas Maria T. de. Indice y extractos through the eighteenth century, including legal asdel A hi dedeP Frotocolos los de la Hab pects, quarrels governors, slavery, piracy, the el Archivo de la Fabana, economy,of thethe English occupation, intellectual trends, 1578-1585. Habana, 1947-1957. 3 v. and origins of nationalism.

Index and summaries of documents (including ex- 2648. Cowley, Rafael A., ane Andrés eee tracts) from Habana’s Archivo de Protocolos. Docu- eds. Los tres primeros historiadores de ments include wills, marriage agreements, commercial la isla de Cuba. Habana, 1876-1877. 3 v. and business contracts, sales of slaves, rural andurban The works of the “three first historians”’ of Cuba pub-

property deeds, apprenticeship contracts. Good lished here are Arrate’s Llave del nuevo mundo, part

source for social and economic history. Well indexed. — of Urrutia y Montoya’s Teatro histérico, and Valdés’s

. . . Historia de laisla de Cuba y en especial de la Habana.

2643. . Spain. Archivo General de Indias, Notes by Cowley and others. Seven local histories are Sevilla. Papeles existentes en el Archivo also inciuded: Bejucal (M. M. Acosta), Guanabacoa

General de Indias relativos a Cuba y (C. Niifiez de Villavicencio), Baracoa (Cowley), muy particularmente a la Habana. Ha- Bayamo (M. J. de Estrada), Trinidad (F. Lavallée), bana. 1931. 2 v.(Academia de la Historia Puerto Principe (T. Pio Betancourt), and Sancti-

?Cuba. . —-Coleccién Spiritus (T. M. Moles). 7-8). °P"" - . de de documentos Seven hundred fifty-one documents from the Archivo 2649. Delgado, Jaime. El Conde de Ricla, de Indias grouped under 154 headings. V. 1 covers capitan general de Cuba. RHA. nos. 55-

1512-1578 and v. 2, 1578-1586. 56, enero-dic., 1963: 41-138.

Archivally based study of the career of the Conde de

iii. Secondary Works Ricla and the reforms he sponsored as Spanish Cap-

tain General of Cuba after its restoration to Spain in

2644. Arrate y Acosta, José M. F. de. Llave 1763. Also analyzes Cuban involvement in the Seven

del Nuevo Mundo. Prélogo y notas de *¢ars War. Julio J. Le Riverend Brusone. Mexico, 2650. Dias, Manuel Nunes. O comércio livre

1949. xxxvill, 264 p. bibl. (Biblioteca entre Havana e os portos de Espanha

americana 10. Ser. de literatura colonial). (1778-1789). Sao Paulo, 1965. 2 v. illus., Arrate, a regidor of the Habana cabildo, composed maps, bibl.

his history in the 1750's. It was first published in 1830 4 study of trade between Habana and Spanish ports as Llave del nuevo mundo, antemural de las Indias from 1778, year of the free-trade regulation, till 1789, Occidentales. La Habana descripta: noticias de su the last year for which statistics are available. Analyzes fundacion, aumentos y estado. Arrate writes of Cuba the effects of this trade on the port of Habana as an

and the history, fortifications, institutions, religious entrepét for four continents. Concludes that, while establishments, and eminent sons of its capital with certain rigid controls remained, the measure stimupride both in his creole status and in his Spanish ori- ated business in Spain and productivity in America.

gins. In discussing labor he condemns the slave trade for draining local capital abroad. Indians he felt to be , . . . weaker but smarter than Africans. Anticipating later 2651. Guerra y Sanchez, Ramiro. Historia

analyses, he held Mexican salaried peons living ‘‘at de Cuba. Habana, 1921-1925. 2 v.

their own risk and hazard” to be more efficient than An able and, because of its social and economic em-

slaves. He observed, though, that slavery at least phasis, a pioneer synthesis of the first century of

rescued Africans from paganism. Cuban history. V. 1 deals with the Indians, the con-

THE SPANISH CARIBBEAN DAT avest, one external and the internal of the‘monotonous’ ages’? as mid-sixteenth mid-eighteenth century, island and to 1555. V. 2 covers yearshistory 1555-1607, era duringto which factors of Cuban na-a which Guerra feels to be a key period in which customs tionality were inconspicuously molded. Discusses aband social, political, and economic institutions as- sorption of Indians and Negroes, triumph of sugar, sumed a form that would vary only slightly for almost impact of corsairs, Habana-hinterland dichotomy, and

three centuries. cultural development.

2652. Le Riverend Brusone, Julio J. Los 2658. Pierson, William W. The establishorigenes de la economia cubana 1510- __ ment and early functioning of the inten1ev0. Mexico, 1945. 75 p. bibl. Jornadas dencia of Cuba. In William W. Pierson, ed. Studies in Hispanic-American his-

Broad economic survey of the first century of Euro- tory. Chapel Hill P 927. 133 p (The pean settlement, covering land distribution, industry ; - 2. 4 . ° (mining, sugar, shipbuilding), ranching and agricul- James Sprunt Historical Studies, v. 19,

ture, trade, colonization, labor force, and the oli- no. 2).

garchies. The .Cuban was Spain’s pioneer experi, . . mentintendancy with the institution in the New World. This 2653. Marr ero y Artiles, Levi. Historia €CO- study covers the period 1764-1825. It concludes that nomica de Cuba. Guia de estudio y docu- __ the intendancy brought order to Cuba’s “‘fiscal chaos”

mentacion. Habana, 1956. 352 p. illus., 2nd that the absence of Indians, the intendants’ bibl limited jurisdiction and their dominant concem with

we . : ? 7 t t .

, - ver e Cuban from the mainland intendancies. The In-

A didactic well-organized work of synthesis covering th mmercial and th vernal ona an te he aastingiushed

tribution, mining, cattle, agriculture, trade, the royal Is transtatea bere in nt

treasury, money, prices, wages, sugar industry, effects 2659. Prat Puig, F. El pre-barroco en Cuba.

of puropean rivalry on the Cuban economy, and popu- Una escuela criolla de arquitectura ation. Announced as v. | but no more published. morisca. Habana, 1947. 438 p. illus. 2654. Morell de Santa Cruz, Pedro A. His- A detailed professional scrutiny of prebaroque architoria de la isla y catedral de Cuba. Ha- tecture in Cuba (seventeenth and early eighteenth

“s . centuries) to identify its specifically Cuban “‘creole

bana, 1929. xxviii, 305 p. illus. character. Finds strong Moorish influences overlaid This is the first publication of what may be called the with “ degenerate d” Escorial-type decorative ele-

cariest rnin Ey history of cuba. More rae ments. The author speculates on the clandestine imdescribing the colonization, he deals largely with on. migration of Moorish builders (alatifes). phis escuela clesiastical and administrative history, periodized neoclassical developments rine Cuba The book has

under the episcopates of the island’s first twenty ; i + technical glosbishops. The narrative that has come down breaks off em noetaP hs, drawings, plans, and a technical glos

at 1658. Morell’s sources included Herrera, Charle- . ~s , .

voix, and records. 2660. nivero Muniz, ae as sedi. , diocesan . . ciones ade los vegueros en CiJose. SIZio XVIII. 2655. Ortiz Fernandez, Fernando. Historia Habana. 1951 Op p E

de una pelea contra los demonios. Santa An account of the three revolts of Cuban tobacco Clara, Cuba, 1959. xxxi, 614 p. illus. growers (1717-1723) against the imposition of the (Universidad Central de Las Villas. royal tobacco monopoly, documented from municipal Nuevo plan de publicaciones 17), records of Habana and Archivo General de Indias. Documented analysis of a late seventeenth-century 2661. Santovenia y Echaide, Emeterio S. dispute between local ecclesiastical and civil officials El protomedicato de la Habana. Prologo over the removal inland of the town of San Juan de de José R. Andreu. Habana. 1952. 78 p

los Remediosculture, del Caoy. much data on folklore, aT (bibl Mini a ed Salu ; lub dad . dady ° Afro-Cuban andYields regional history. 1WUS., OID. INister1o

cade aigencns and Spann atenadenies aa ae. fruceiGn of 1764 establishing the Cuban imendancy 2656. Pé de la Ri p F ; Asistencia Social. Cuadernos de historia Origenen Ot Cuba. cgimenHabana, ce 2 Drop. resae terri- Survey activities founded of the RealinTribunal torial p. medicato de laofHabana, 1709. del Proto-

Important study of land tenure and the rural economy ;

in Cuba to the late eighteenth century. Emphasizes 2662. Sarrablo Aguareles, Eugenio. La

the opposition of peninsular bureaucrats and mer- fundacion de Jaruco en Cuba y los chants to the Cuban landowners’ desire for agricul- primeros condes de ese titulo. AEA. v. 8,

tural development and freer trade. 1951: 443-501. |

2657. Pichardo Moya, Felipe. La edad media wer gocumented account of a town-founding ” Cuba

b RC. v. 17. abr. —dic.. 1943: 288- in ). Contrasts objectives of municipal settlement

305. islands : ¥- ’ . ” .(defense on mainland (Indianinvaders). labor recruitment) and some in the against Includes

Broad, substantial essay that defines Cuba’s “middle — social history.

248 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA 2663. Torres Ramirez, Bibiano. Alejandro tada de San Cristébal de la Habana en O’Reilly en Cuba. AEA. v. 24, 1967: la primera mitad del siglo xvii. Habana,

1357-1388. 1930. 190 p. illus.

An account of Field Marshal O’Reilly’s mission to Richly documented from the Archivo General de Cuba (1763-1764) after the English occupation of Indias. The topic is divided into three periods: 1600Habana. Summarizes his recommendations for re- 1607 (decline of English influence), 1607-1628 (rise forms, particularly military. Uses archival sources. of Dutch influence culminating in Piet Heyn’s cap-

2664. U.M . ture ofIgnacio the Spanish fleet), andTopics 1628-1647 (decline of - Urrutia y Montoya, J. de. Dutch influence). include military, social,

Obras del Dr. Ignacio José de Urrutia — civic, and commercial affairs and the effects on Ha-

y Montoya. Habana, 1931. 2 v. bana of the Dutch occupation of Brazil. See also

The major work of the Obras is Urrutia’s Teatro his- | author's “The Dutch and Cuba, 1609-1643,” HAHR, torico, juridico y politico militar de la isla Fernandina V- 4, 1921: 597-634.

de Cuba y principalmente de su capital la Habana, : . ‘

written de in 1783-1785. ThelaObras include 2°29: wrens srenéto“Cuba, ae PT. pendio memorias para historia de la the islaCom. Fer- special reterence nandina de Cuba, whichserves as a gloss onthe Teatro HAHRR. v. 3, Aug., 1920: 333-361. and is also published here in full for the first time. Study of contraband trade based on the Archivo Urrutia reaches the 1780’s, although coverage after General de Indias.

1555 is erratic. He wrote a somewhat cloudy prose . .

and, as a lawyer, his special concern was to analyze 2671. Wright, Irene A. Santiago de Cuba and

his native island’s legislative history. its district (1607-1640). Madrid, 1918.

2665. Valdés, Antonio J. Historia de la isla The eae covered runs from 1607, when Cuba was de Cuba y en esp ecial de la Habana. split into two jurisdictions at a line 50 leagues east

Habana, 1964. 356 p. illus. of Habana, until a Dutch attack on Santiago (1635) led

Valdés, a schoolmaster, publisher, and journalist, to that city’s being garrisoned and fortified. Two thirds brought out his Historia in 1813. Valdés was aliberal, of the book is given to 26 documents from the Ar“popular” historian; his narrative uses fresh sources _chivo General de Indias. (architectural inscriptions, newspapers) as well as

traditional ones and incorporates many documents. ; He stresses the post-1762 period and concludes with c. Santo Domingo an account ganization.

of Cuba’s political and ecclesiastical or- i. Bibliographies and Guides

2666. Weiss y Sanchez, Joaquin. Arquitec- 2672. Fondos del Archivo de la Nacion:

p. illus. , . ano 8, v. 8, num. 38-39,

tura colonial cubana. Habana, 1936. 56 OOo nents de la epoca colon, Subtitled a “collection of photographs of the princi- enero-—abr., 1945: 8-22.

pal and most characteristic buildings erected in Cuba Catalog of documents removed to Cuba in 1800 after under Spanish rule, preceded by a summary archi- _ transfer of the Audiencia of Santo Domingo and retectural history.” The author, who was professor of | turned to Santo Domingo in 1905.

architectural history at the University of Habana,

divides the subject into four periods: primitive (six- ii. Sources teenth initial formative (eighteenth ‘seventeenth cencentury), " tury),century), central or or baroque

fina .

or neoclassical (nineteenth century). Fully described 2673. Aya, J uan de. A lette he Ferdinand photographs cover a wide variety of structures and and Isabella, 1503. Tr. with commentary

architectural detail. by Charles E. Nowell. Minneapolis, 1965S. 2667. Wright, Irene A. The early history of _ 90P. illus., map. | Cuba, 1492-1586. N.Y.. 1916. 390 p Facsimile and translation of a letter to the Catholic

map. °out : andifferences : ; Kings, om Ayala, a resident a Espanola, brings of interest between the which old-timers

General account based on the Archivo General de and the latecomers from Spain. Although brief, the Indias and divided into four periods: Spanish occu- etter illuminates many facets of colonization, as the pation of Cuba (i 492-1524), era of Stagnation (1524—- editor makes amply clear in his commentary.

1550), French influence (1550-1567), and English . . menace (1567-1586). 2674. Cipriano de Utrera. La moneda pro2668. Wright, Irene A. Historia documen- yincia ac 2 tsa Espanola: documentos. tada. :de San Cristdbalwith de laanHabana en tUCdad *TUo, a-2IT Pe . Documents introduction providing numisel siglo xvi. Habana, 1927. 2 v. illus. matic history of Santo Domingo for 1529-1819. Municipal history drawn wholly from the Archivo , . , General de Indias. The second volume and nearly 2675. Inchaustegui Cabral, Joaquin M., ed.

half the first comprise an appendix of unpublished Reales cédulas y correspondencia de

ocuments. a gobernadores de Santo Domingo: desde

2669. Wright, Irene A. Historia documen- la regencia del Cardenal Cisneros en

THE SPANISH CARIBBEAN 249 adelante (1516-1665). Madrid, 1959. chronicles. V- items, | Contains 3 sixteenth-century and or 10 ye ot tag. seventeenth-century largely of the relacién vuilloniagg historico-documental memorial variety. 2 contains documents relating : to Drake’s 1586 invasion andV.to Spain’s depopulation

More than 400 largely unpublished documents in (devastaciones) of certain coastal towns in {605-1606 facsimile relating to Santo Domingo and, secondarily, to diminish contraband trade. V. 3 contains 11 dethe rest of the Caribbean area. Archivo General de _ scriptive pieces, including collections of letters and

Indias, Archivo de Simancas, and Archivo Historico short documents, from the late seventeenth and

Nacional were utilized. eighteenth centuries. Ample introductions and foot2676. Maza, Diego de la. “Memorial...” 7°! (Sobre el estado del Convento y Uni- 2681. Sanchez Valverde, Antonio. Idea del

versidad de los Dominicos en la isla valor de la Isla Espanola. Ciudad Tru-

Espanola . . . ). Ciudad Trujillo, 1954. jillo, 1947. 39, 228 p. (Biblioteca Domi51 p. illus. (Universidad de Santo Do- nicana. Ser. 1, v. 1).

mingo. Publicaciones, ser. 9, v. 93. His- Sanchez valyeree 729 1. priest ane lawyer, toria y biografia 2). was born in Santo in Domingo city. In this Dominican . . , . lassic, first published 1785, he describes the geog-

, 1693, h th fthe © ”

Report 20 the king 1693, in which the prick of the Taphy and resources of Espaiola and defends the eco

order’s history on the island and complains of its nomic and human potential of the Spanish part against current poverty. He reproduces the bull creating the attacks of foreigners like Raynal and Weuves.

491 p.

University of Santo Domingo. 2682. Wright, Irene A., ed. Spanish narra-

2677. Moreau de Saint-Méry, Médéric L. E. tives of the English attack on Santo Do-

Descripcién de la parte espafiola de mingo, 1655. London, 1926. 80 p. map. Santo Domingo. Ciudad Trujillo, 1944. amden 3. ser. 37. Camden miscellany

Spanish translation of the first French edition of 1796. Translation of three documents from the Archivo A survey of Santo Domingo including retrospective General de Indias to make known the Spanish vermaterial based on the author’s visit-in 1783 and stan- sion of the 1655 English expedition against Espanola:

dard sources. The first part contains physical and 4 narrative by a military captain, a dispatch by the human geography and regional surveys; a section on Spanish governor enclosing the notarial account; and the “character and customs of the Spanish creoles” 4 Feport by the royal treasurer. Introduction and notes. is of special interest. The second part, devoted to the Royal Audiencia of Santo Domingo, deals largely with oe

administrative, political, and commercial matters. lil. Secondary Works

but opposed cession France.y noti:. ; oOo. de its Santo Domingo to (documentos The author lamented the decadence of Santo Domingo 2683. Cipriano de Utrera. Historia militar

2678. Otte, Enrique. Una carta inedita de cias). Ciudad Trujillo, 1951-1953. 3 v.

Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo. RI. afo Extensive notes on the military history of Santo 16, nim. 65, jul.-set., 1956: 437-458. Domingo from the Spanish conquest to the governor-

Reproduces an unpublished letter from the Archivo Ship of Antonio Osorio (1602-1608). Summaries and General de Indias, dated April 12, 1554. Writtenfrom ‘transcriptions of documents interpolated throughout.

Santo Domingo city, of which Oviedo was a regidor, er . :

it contains copious detail about local administration. 208 eed iano de Utrera. Universidades Otte’s introduction indicates that seven less extensive © antiago de la Paz y de Santo Tomas letters by Oviedo from the same legajo were published de Aquino y Seminario Conciliar de la

elsewhere. ciudad de Santo Domingo de la isla 2679. Rodriguez Demorizi, Emilio. Invasién Espanola. Santo Domingo, 1932. 600 p.

inglesa de 1655, con notas adicionales de illus. . a Fray Cipriano de Utrera. BAGN. ajo This amounts to a history of higher education in

10 , 88-89 _ 1957: colonial Santo Domingo. Written by a Franciscan of

» Num. » enero Marzo, - the Capuchin order who took a controversial position 6-70. on the “so-called” Universidad de Santo Tomas, its

Eight contemporary accounts describing or relating special merit lies in the wealth of documents appended

include additional d ts. Bibli hy. , Ciudad Trujillo, 1942-1957. 3 v. map. 4 AT a mingo, 1962. 449 p. illus.

to the British attack on Espafiola of 1655. Notes to each chapter.

3680. Rodric Dem, . . ib Emili y dR 2685. Galvan, Manuel de J. Enriquillo: lac; tae cas des mide ‘Do » INC leyendalogo hist6rica dominicana. aciones historicas santo Vomingo. de José Marti. 6. ed.Carta Santopr6éDo(Publicaciones del Archivo General dela 4 somantic indigenist novel by a Dominican, first

Nacion). published in complete form in 1882. It deals with the

Rich collection of descriptive accounts of colonial colonization of Santo Domingo (1502-1533) and gloriEspafiola, including relevant excerpts from general fies not only the Indian chieftain Enriquillo but also

250 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA the virtues of Spain as exemplified by Las Casas. Eight basic documents appended. Though generously documented, the novel sacrifices , , : . historical accuracy to literary imagination. Robert 2692. Malagon Barcelo, Javier. Estudios de

Graves translated it into English as The cross and the historia y derecho. Prologo de Américo

sword (Bloomington, Ind., 1954). Castro. Xalapa, México, 1966. 323 p.

2686. Giménez Fernandez, Manuel. Las (Biblioteca de la Facultad de Filosofia, cortes de la Espafiola en 1518. AUH. _, Letras y Ciencias 19). _ |

Th llect stud t t rtantfor f ~ AT15, is collection of studies contains important ano 2, 1954: . aftwo - *, no. ; , Santo Domingo.47-154. “Un documento del siglo xviii para

nN study of me gs fhecal sith Santo i ms tha; la historia de la esclavitud en las Antillas” (p. 101-

I..:.

priv yune, 1918, ane of local pohticat problems tal 190) analyzes a 1784 document in the Archivo Na-

they brought into focus. cional of Cuba: “Diligencias para la formacion del 2687. Henriquez Urefia, Pedro. La cultura TP angiencia de Santo Domingo durante el siglo y las letras coloniales en Santo Domingo. xvi” (p. 169-181) indicates the importance of the | n his Obra critica. Edicion, bibliografia Archivo de la Real Audiencia for historians.

< indice Diane MS por eee ausana 2693. Palm, Erwin W. Los monumentos Peed 44. (Bibli EXICO, J. 844 p. arquitectonicos de la Espafiola con una . 3 4 litenat ibhoteca americana 37. introducci6n a América. Ciudad Tru-

ae we . , Ver: . -

Y accion) iteratura moderna, pensamiento —jijJo, 1955. 2 v. illus., maps, bibl. (UniCareful, authoritative, critical guide to the colonial - ica de Santo Domingo. Publica

culture of Santo Domingo. Topics covered: era of CiONes?. ;

Columbus, universities, monasteries, bishops and Near-definitive study, broad yet detailed, by an able archbishops, religious and secular authors, native- It historian. Palm sets the context by examining born authors, emigrants from Santo Domingo, and Spanish Gothic and Renaissance traditions and Spanend of the colony and independence. A brief anthology ‘Sh mental reactions to the “American reality.” He of colonial poetry with an entremés by Cristébal de then explores controversies over the background of Llerena is appended. Copious bibliographical notes New World city planning and traces the urbanistic, include posthumous additions to the first (1936) demographic, and social development of Espanola.

edition. Next he periodizes the stylistic sequence. in Espanola,

pointing out the lack of baroque influence. V. 2 analyz-

2688. Lamb, Ursula. Frey Nicolas de Ovan- es religious and civil architecture in the sixteenth-

do, gobernador de las Indias (1501- eighteenth centuries. Ample illustrations and_bib1509). Madrid, 1956. 244 p. illus., bibl. "28r@PhyDocumented study of Ovando and how he turned 2694. Pena Batlle, Manuel A. La isla de la colonization of Espanola into a success. His central Tortuga. Plaza de armas, refugio y tasks were to explore the Caribbean, protect crown ete _ ~ privileges against private usurpation, and establish seminaro de los enemigos de Espana orderly government. By 1509 Espanola was pacified, en Indias. Prologo por Manuel Aznar. most of the Caribbean coast was mapped, and there Madrid, 1951. 267 p. map, bibl. were settlements in Puerto Rico and Cuba. Well-researched history of Tortuga in the seventeenth 2689. Llorens Castillo, Vicente. Vida cul- Smluty. largely from printed sources. Text and notes

tural de15. Santo Domingo en el 176 sigloA.xvi. ~> RC.15v. _j 1941: 176-205 2695. Pena Batlle,:Manuel La enero-jun., , -rebellion

An informative, well-written essay that relates cultural del Bahoruco. Ciudad Trujillo, 1948. life to its historical setting. 257 p. bibl.

ye . . Argues that the rebellion of the Indian cacique En-

2690. Lugo, Americo. Historia de Santo siquillo (1519-1533) was based on natural law and Domingo desde 1556 hasta 1608: edad _ that it resulted in his acknowledging Spanish dominion

media de la isla Espanola. Ciudad Tru- over Espanola in exchange for guarantees of rights

jillo, 1952. xxxviii, 400 p. for the Indians,

A posthumous work, first of three projected volumes. 2696. Ratekin, Mervyn. The early sugar Has 51 chapters of civil history and 21 of ecclesiasti- industry in Espanola HAHR. 34. Feb.

cal. More encyclopedic than interpretive. 1954: 1-19 : ; ° ° 2691. Malagon Barcelé, Javier. El distrito Solid study of technological, economic, and social

de la Audiencia de Santo Domingo en spect, Notes thats monocular planiation son los siglos AVI a XIX. Ciudad _ Trujillo, ferences between Espafiola and ‘“‘pastoral-Cuba”’ in

1942. 134 p. illus., maps (Universidad _ the sixteenth century. de Santo Domingo. Publicaciones 23). . cae Study of the territorial jurisdiction of the Audiencia 2697. Ropa, D enis L. La societe coloniale

of Santo Domingo in the colonial period, concluding de Santo Domingo a la veille de l’occupawith an account of its brief restoration in 1861-1865. tion francaise. RFHD. t. 46, 1959: 155-

THE SPANISH CARIBBEAN 25] 198. chronicles and reports, designed for a more general

Survey of the development of Dominican society audience than Tapia y Rivera. The 15 selections in and its late eighteenth-century characteristics, stress- Vv. | (1493-1797) include the following documents ing number and composition of population, land hold- °F excerpts: relacion of Ramon Pane, Oviedo, 1582

ing, commerce, culture, and attitudes.relacién memoriageografica om Johan Melgare AP pare tedesone | ; racial _, surviving for the 0Antilles), 2698. Valle Llano, Antonio. La Compania ripcién of Torres Vargas (1647), O’Reilly report de Jess en Santo Domingo durante el (1765), Abbad y Lasierra, and Ledru. Editor’s intro-

periodo hispanico, algunas notas his- duction and notes. .

toricas. Ciudad Trujillo, 1950. 376 p. 2703. Historia documental de Puerto Rico. illus., bibl. Ed. de Vicente Murga Sanz. Rio Pie-

Archivally based history stressing the period 1650—- dras, P. R., 1956-1961. 3 v. illus.

1767. Biographical and documentary appendixes. Titles so far issued in this important projected documentary series of 25 volumes are: I, Ei concejo o

d. Puerto Rico cabildo de la ciudad de San Juan de Puerto Rico

Sond . . (1527-1550); Ul, El juicio de residencia moderador i. Bibliographies and Guides democratico. Juicio de residencia del Licenciado , . . Sancho-Veldzquez, juez de residencia y justica mayor

2699. Gomez Canedo, Lino. Los archivos — de Ja isla de San Juan (Puerto Rico), por el Licenciado

hist6ricos de Puerto Rico. San Juan, Antonio de la Gama (1519-1520); III, Cedulario

1964. 146 p. puertorriqueno, tomo 1(1505-1517). Full introduction

Survey and description of civil and ecclesiastical ar- to each volume.

chives in Puerto Rico, including local ones. 2704. Miyares Gonzalez, Fernando. Noti-

. cias particulares de la isla y plaza de

ll. Sources San Juan Bautista de Puerto Rico. 2. ed.

} a uertorriquenos).

2700. Abbad y Lasierra, Inigo. Historia San wan a 146 p. (Estudios geografica civilwork y natural deinla1775 islaanddefirst Pppublished OS). sg. ; . This was written in San Juan Bautista de Puerto Rico. Es- 1954. The author, a military man born in Cuba, spent tudio preliminar por Isabel Gutierrez ten years in Puerto Rico (1769-1779); in 1810 he del Arroyo. San Juan, 1959. cxxvii, 320 was named captain general of Venezuela. The Noti-

.illus., map, bibl. cias include information on geography, admiunistra-

Thee is the fewer and apparently definitive edition tion, ecclesiastical and military affairs, finances, and of a work by Abbad, a Benedictine monk, first pub- 2 Survey of the island’s towns. They are succinct, lished in 1788. José Julian Acosta’s copious notes reliable, and often revealing. Helpful introduction.

for the third (1866) edition are to be republished ina 795, Munoz, Juan B. Puerto Rico en los Gutiérrez’s careful study of Abbad’s life and his manuscritos de don Juan Bautista Munoz. sources, ideas, and style; she calls the work ‘“‘a first Estudio critico por Vicente Murga Sanz, synthesis” of Puerto Rican history. In appendixes ed. Rio Piedras, P.R., 1960. 419 p. illus., she lists Abbad’s sources for the first 19 historical bibl. (Biblioteca hist6rica de Puerto Rico chapters, showing parallels with Raynal, Robertson, 1)

second volume. This edition benefits from Isabel . . ~

tion. "

and Montesquieu. The balance of the 40 chapters — Ext ° F d t , p Ri

the most valuable portion— surveys human and physi- s08-15 56) a d notes 1 s de on thers b ue Bau.

cal geography, administration, agriculture, finances, §- 7 Naya G7 a 599). Lo, oti t st A cet oat commerce, and customs. The book is a Puerto Rican '% d ce of bicatioa. if ocation O! vie : 4 Com classic, written with style, authority, and penetra- blements the Tapia collection. are indicated. —om-

. . 2706. San Juan, P.R. Cabildo. Actas del eam ‘ar oe ee eae Os atta J ivilesios cabildo de San Juan Bautista de Puerto durante lo . los xvi - aS Rico. San Juan, 1949-1954. 3 v. illus. Nle 10S SiglOs 1, XV, Y XVII. SAN gan Juan cabildo records for 1730-1750 (v. 1), 1751Juan, 1962. 1760 (v. 2), and 1761-1767 (v. 3). Many of the pre-

y sun f. 7 apla y J

Documents from the Archivo General de Indias per- 1730 records have been lost.

taining to the town of San German, introduced by an . . ; _ essay surveying the tensions between its cabildo and 2707. Tapia y Rivera, Alejandro. Biblioteca the island’s governor. hist6rica de Puerto-Rico que contiene

2702. Fernandez Méndez, Eugenio, ed. varios documentos de los siglos xv, xvi, Crénicas de Puerto Rico desde la con- __ XVil, y xvill. 2. ed. San Juan, 1945. 612 p. quista hasta nuestros dias. San Juan, First published in 1854, this is still perhaps the most 1957. aTHIUS. (Antologia d t Ge satisfactory general collection of Puerto his- £2V. NlOlOgi1a autores torical sources for the period covered.Rican It includes

puertorriquenos 1-2). relevant extracts from Oviedo, Herrera, and Laet;

A collection of Puerto Rican historical sources, largely Torres Vargas’s Descripcién of 1647 and O’Reilly’s

252 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA Memoria of 1765; and a great number of shorter An agrarian history of Puerto Rico from the conquest documents on many aspects of the island’s history, to about 1815. Emphasizes crop histories, role of the particularly for the sixteenth century, mostly from municipality, and commercial and fiscal aspects, inthe manuscript collection of Juan Bautista Mufioz. corporating numerous documents.

2708. Tid, Aurelio. Nuevas fuentes para la 2714. Cuesta Mendoza, Antonio. Los Dohistoria de Puerto Rico. San German, minicos en el Puerto Rico colonial 152 1-

P.R., 1961. 653 p. illus., maps, bibl. 1821. México, 1946. 347 p. illus.

Contains 14 sets of sixteenth-century documents from A general account, topically presented and emphasiz-

the Archivo General de Indias and the Archivo de ing the Dominicans’ educational labors. Includes a Protocolos, Sevilla. This heavily annotated collection collection of short documents.

was edited largely to buttress Tid’s claim that Ponce . . .

de Leén first came to Puerto Rico in 1506, not 1508, 2715. Cuesta Mendoza, Antonio. Historia and his thesis relating to the prior settlement of San de la educacion en el Puerto Rico coloGerman and its importance in Puerto Rican coloniza- nial 1508-1821. 2. ed. México, 1946. tion. Thus the volume documents Ti6’s Fundacién 434 p. bibl

de San German (Mexico, 1956). Adapted from a doctoral dissertation for the Catholic

wes University of America. Documented and useful,

ii. Secondary Works though rather ingenuous and pious. A sequel covering

. . ; 1821-1898 was published in Ciudad Trujillo in 1948. 2709. Ballesteros Gaibrois, Manuel. La idea . , , colonial de Juan Ponce de Leon, un 2716. Cuesta Mendoza, Antonio. Historia

1960. 294 p. bibl. v. 1, 1508-1700. Ciudad Trujillo, 1948.

Based on archival and printed sources, this percep- 352 p. a

tive study interprets Ponce de Leén’s colonizing Comprehensive, documented, simplistic, and conpurposes and methods in Puerto Rico as representa- demnatory of the heretical pirates and their ‘‘con-

tive of Castilian ideals. spiracy against the faith.”

2710. Brau, Salvador. La colonizaci6n de 2717. Fernandez Méndez, Eugenio. Las en-

Puerto Rico desde el descubrimiento comiendas y esclavitud de los indios de de la isla hasta la reversién 4 la corona Puerto Rico, 1508-1550. AEA. v. 23, espafiola de los privilegios de Coldn. 1966: 377-443. San Juan, 1907. 497 p. A careful study based on printed documents.

An authoritative study of the period 1493-1550 based 2718. Gonzalez Garcia. Sebastian. Notas

on research in the Archivo deofIndias. Stresses instib 1golcobi \ b d dde tuttonal aspects and the larger context Puerto sobre €l 80 1erno y 10S emmadores Rican history. Appendix contains numerous docu- Puerto Rico en el siglo xvi. HPR. nueva ments. ser., t. 1, no. 2,jun., 1962: 1-98. . Documented study of the office of governor and the

2711. Brau, Salvador. Puerto | Rico y su nature of the appointees, followed by a list of the historia: investigaciones criticas. Nueva governors (1599-1703) and 29 biographical sum-

ed. aum. Valencia, 1894. 404 p. map. _ maries.

This still useful work is largely concerned with the sixteenth century and with correcting misconceptions 2719. Morales-Carrion, Arturo. Puerto about Indian nomenclature and society, places and Rico and the non Hispanic Caribbean: events that figured in the early colonization, dates of a study in the decline of Spanish exclu-

town foundings, race mixture, andPiedras, other topics. Sixp.. ,bibl. .‘ documentary appendixes. sivism. Rio 1952. 160 oo. This Columbia doctoral dissertation examines the

2712. Campo Lacasa, Cristina. Notas ge-_ effects of Spanish mercantilism upon Puerto Rico nerales sobre la historia eclesidstica de from colonization till the abandonment of exclusivism

. . oes . in 1815. It shows how the “long experiment in arti-

Puerto Rico 1 el siglo xviii. Sevilla, ficial isolation’”’ stimulated clandestine trade and pro1963. 127 p. illus., map. (Escuela de duced strong economic ties between Puerto Rico and Estudios Hispano-americanos de Se- other Antilles, and it claims that Spanish neglect

villa. Publicaciones 137). caused Pperto Rico to experience less racial tension

This monograph, based on the Archivo de Indias, deals | 24 more social homogeneity than did the French and with ecclesiastical organization, religious architecture, British islands.

re church's weNare activities, cultural aspects, and 2729. Murga Sanz, Vicente. Juan Ponce de

P " Leon: fundador y primer gobernador del

2713. Coll y Toste, Cayetano. La propiedad pueblo puertorriquefio, descubridor de la

territorial en Puerto Rico, su desenvol- Florida y del Estrecho de las Bahamas. vimiento historico. BHPR. t. 1, 1914: San Juan, 1959. 385 p. illus., bibl.

239-310. A biography of Puerto Rico’s first governor based

THE FRENCH CARIBBEAN 253 on archival research and with an appendix of hitherto espanoia. Prologo de Vicente Rodriguez

unpublished documents. Casado. Sevilla, 1952. xxx, 497 p. illus.,

2721. Perea, Juan A., and Salvador Perea. = maps. bibl. (Escuela de Estudios His-

Early ecclesiastical history of Puerto panoamericanos de_ Sevilla. Publica-

Rico, with some account of . .. the island ciones 67). . .

during the episcopate of don Alonso Well documented from the Archivo General de Indias Manso, he first in theinN and elsewhere, the book opens with up Jamaica’s disthebishop lirst bishop theWorld New or covery and colonization, then takes the Spanish (1513-1539). Caracas, 1929. 102 p. bibl. governors, the Abbacy (a rare form of ecclesiastical

e 9 *9 . , . . 348 p. 133-181.

Study from printed sources of the establishment of organization used because of the island’s weak ecoecclesiastical administration in Puerto Rico. (Spanish nomic development), finances, war, and economy.

translation, San Juan, 1936). Two final chapters describe the English conquest and 2722. Perea, Juan A., and Salvador Perea Spain’s renunciation. Thirteen documents appended.

Historia de Puerto Rico. RHPR. v. 1, 2729. Morales Padron, Francisco. Trinino. 1, agosto, 1942; no. 4, feb., 1944. dad en el siglo xvii. AEA. t. 17, 1960: Based on printed documents, this survey reaches only Deals with Trinidad’s penury, foreign attacks and 1528 and virtually fills the whole run of the journal. piracy, religious developments, finances, Negroes,

eye . Indians, and the Indian rebellion of 1699. Repro-

2723. Torres, Bibiano. La Isla de Vieques. duces many contemporary maps of the island and a

AEA. t. 12, 1955: 449-466. list of its governors (1530-1699).

Description and history of Vieques through the

eighteenth century emphasizing foreign attempts to 3. French Caribbean

seize it. Credits the zeal of the Puerto Rican governors for Spanish retention of the island. , a. General

2724. Torres Reyes, Ricardo. El Mariscal i. Bibliographies and Guides

O’Reilly y las defensas de San Juan, . , . 1765-1777. HPR. v. 4. no. 1. abr.. 1954: 2730. Dampierre, Jacques, marquis de. Essai

3-36 eens sur les sources de Vhistoire des Antilles

Documented study of military reforms in San Juan F ran¢calses, 1492-1664. Paris, 1904. xlv, undertaken after the O’Reilly inspection and directed 238 p. (Mémoires et documents publiés by Col. Tomas O’Daly. Their financial and socio- par la société de l’Ecole des Chartes 6). economic significance is analyzed. Still the best guide to the subject. After reviewing the

principal bibliographies of New World history the

. . author analyzes and assesses descriptive sources for e. Jamaica and Trinidad under the French Antilles (geography and cartography, hisSpanish Rule torical geography, economy, Carib Indians), narrative

oo. sources (foreign, primary French, secondary French),

2725. Borde, Pierre-Gustave L. Histoire de and diplomatic sources (printed documents, archives). Vile de la Trinidad sous le gouvernement His painstaking biographies and appraisals of early espagnole. Paris, 1876-1882. 2 v. map. travelers and historians are especially valuable. A broad, solid, and well-organized history of Trinidad 2731. Debien, Gabriel. Les sources manus-

under Spanish rule, 1498-1797. crites de histoire et de la géographie 2726. Cundall, Frank, and Joseph L. de Saint-Domingue. RHGH. v. 6, no. Pietersz. Jamaica under the Spaniards, 17, 1936. 50 p. . abstracted from the Archives of Seville Identifies manuscripts to ca. 1825 in French libraries,

Kingston, 1919. 115 p. maps ‘arranged alphabetically by libraries.

Largely summaries and transcripts of documents 2732. France. Ministére dela France d’Outre-

Selected ee ne half ee easthe PY Irene Service archives,>deof la biblioright. aon About bookmer. deals wides e Englis as . _ occupation during 1655-1661. Eight maps of Jamaica theque, et c Petat civil. Inventaire analy

from the Archivo are described and four are repro- tique de la correspondance générale

duced. avec, ; les colonies. Paris, 1959. 312 p. This initial volume of a series is a descriptive register 2727. Morales Padron, Francisco. Descu- _ of outgoing official correspondence to the East and brimiento y papel de Trinidad en la West India Companies (1663-1675) and to the French

penetracién continental. AEA. t. 14 colonies in the Americas (1676-1715).

1957: 93-159. 2733. Le Blant, Robert. Les études histori-

Discovery, conquest, and settlement of Trinidad to ques sur la Martinique pour la période

the late sixteenth century. francaise jusqu’en 1789. RHC. t. 35, 2728. Morales Padron, Francisco. Jamaica nos. 123-124, 1948: 270-283.

254 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA Useful general guide. society, religion, government, agriculture (especially

ss . ee the sugar industry), trade, and manufacture. Dam-

2734. Menier, M.-A. Archives du Ministere pierre praises Labat’s intelligence as “marvelously de la Trance d Dutre-mer: Saint-Domin- open to the world about him.”

ue, abornements, Omames, recense- . , susie

ments des biens domaniaux et urbains 2740. Moreau de Saint-Mery, Medéric L.E.,

RHC t. 44. 1957: 223-250 ed. Loix et constitutions des colonies

Inventory of documents bearing on eighteenth-century fr ang alses de l’Amérique sous le vent. . .

land tenure in Saint Domingue. A Paris, 17841799. Ov. (1550-1785) larcel | n important compilation of laws ~ argely

2735. Ragatz, Lowell J. Early F rench West concerned with Saint Domingue but including prece-

Indian records in the Archives Na-_ dents from the French Lesser Antilles. Moreau was

tionales. 2. ed. Washington, 1949. 40 p. born in Martinique and served as a magistrate in Saint Guide to documents of the French Ministry of Col- Domingue; here he undertook the compilation, which

onies on deposit in the Archives Nationales that bear Na completed in Paris from the archives of the upon French Caribbean history, 1625-1789. Intro- Ministére de la Marine. A history of Espafiola was to duction stresses the range and importance of the ma- have been included but was never completed; ‘Colo.

terial and refers to additional guides. First published nae ene S Tor ie the Sa in he re ench Ol0in Inter-American Bibliographical Review, v.1,1941; Maes. escriptions of the Spanish and French parts

151-190. of the island were later published separately.

2736. Rennard, Joseph. Essai bibliographi- 2741. Petit, Emilien. Droit public ou gouque sur l’histoire religieuse des Antilles vernement des colonies frangaises d’apres

Frangaises. Paris, 1931.95 p. illus. les loix faites pour ces pays. Paris, 1911.

Discusses about 50 authors, mostly pre—nineteenth 512 p. (Collection des economistes et century. Emphasizes works on the Caribs and sources des réformateurs sociaux de la France).

for history of the religious orders (especially Domini- Lo . i , cans and Jesuits). Manuscript collections are de- S°l!d exposition and critique of French administrative scribed. Appendix contains unpublished documents of '@W applying to the Lesser Antilles and Saint DominFather Labat. gue; many documents are reproduced. Introduction gives Petit’s bibliography and an appraisal of his work. 2737. Ricard, Robert. Les minutes de no-

taires de Saint-Domingue aux Archives ag dary Work du Ministére de la France d’Outre-mer. I. Secondary WOrks A Rileto Cl 3 8, no. Fy ni neh ee ia docu 2742. Charpentier, Genevieve. Les relations ments of eighteenth-century Saint Domingue, espe- economiques entre Bordeaux et les An-

cially for information on agriculture, commerce, tilles au XVIll si¢cle. Bordeaux, 1937. slaves, affranchis, and whites. The article is followed 176 p. bibl. by an index to the documents. Doctoral thesis based on Gironde archives that shows the eighteenth-century prosperity of Bordeaux to have

ii. Sources rested on Caribbean trade, especially with Martinique and Saint Domingue. Includes discussion of colonial

2738. Debien, Gabriel, and M. Delafosse. 40trines of the period.

Marchands et corons, des ce quetaucs 2743. Crouse, Nellis M. French pioneers in

etires Gu Xvil" Siecle. - 48, the West Indies, 1624-1664. N.Y., 1940.

col sO: 267134. cous archives written by... 22.4P: maps, bibl. oe rchanta on dcolonicte ia she Feene 1 Ne ted 6 General account of French colonization of the Lesser 1695. Authors note that two principal concerns were anti’es and Le Vasseur’s colony on Tortuga. Stan-

the labor force and the need for cloth; problems relating to the sugar and indigo crops were secondary. 2744. Debbasch, Ivan. Le marronnage,

2739. Labat, Jean B. Nouveau voyage aux essai sur la désertion de lesclave antilisles de l’ Amérique contenant l’histoire lais. L’Année Sociologique, 3. sér., 1961:

naturelle de ces pays, lorigine, les A slaves 7 12, and 762:French HI 7-19).Caribbean, » Caribb ar study of fugitive in| the MOcurs, la religion & le gouvernement with occasional reference to Surinam and the British des habitans anciens & modernes . ~~ islands. Seeks to deepen “classic” accounts of mar-

Paris, 1722.6 Vv. maps. ronnage by Peytraud and Vaissiére and nationalistic

First edition of a work that went through six more — Haitian accounts by Price-Mars, Fouchard, and Char-

within 20 years. Father Labat spent 1! years in lier. Deals with escape from slavery, types of refuge, Martinique and Guadeloupe (1694-1705). He not life of the marrons, the struggle against marronnage only describes historical and military events of that (prevention, pursuit, repression), and local variations.

period but also provides a wealth of observed or anec- . ; . dotal information on French Antillean customs and 2745. Debien, Gabriel. Les affranchisse-

THE FRENCH CARIBBEAN 255 ments aux Antilles Francaises aux xv1i® the Caribbean, the alliance of the Dolle and Raby fam-

sigcle, AEA. v. 24, 1967: 1177-1203. _ les theit commercial and speculative activites, thei ve eeeuishes petween oananaivsion by ia dividual the 1790's. Documentary appendix on plantations and planters (la liberté de savane) and notes the fear of economy of Saint Domingue.

excessive manumissions in the late eighteenth century. 2751. Mims, Stewart L. Colbert’s West

2746. Debien, Gabriel. Les colons des An- _India policy. New Haven, 1912. 385 p. tilles leurarmain d’oeuvre a la finstudy du wool. historical series I). natdeals deal ooetPS ell-documented in (Yale economic history that i tos Se eg xB no. 140, juil with the French West India Company (and, briefly, the

CUSepl., 1 rae oO, . Company of Cayenne), foreign competition, the rise of

* Overs Pjantation adtnunistration, oung. conditions private traders, colonial exports (tobacco, sugar) and

lattoes, and attempts to ‘reform the labor system imports. pnd labor supply. Bibliography has useful (1785-1790). Refers mostly to Saint Domingue. Por- notes on Brene manwsenP oe tuguese translation in RHSP, v. 6, julho-set., 1955: 2752. Peytraud, Lucien P. L’Esclavage aux

135-161. Antilles francaises avant 1789 d’aprés des

2747. Debien, Gabriel. Les engagés pour les documents inedits des archives coloni-

Antilles (1634-1715). Paris, 1952. 277 p. ales. Paris, 1897. 472 p. bibl. .

bibl. (La société coloniale aux xviit et 4 broad study, well. documented from archival and

aieslecies side] 1.1.Bibliothéque d’histoire printed sources, divided intoAntilles, two books. first XVI BIoOhotheque deals with French settlement of the the eslave

coloniale, nouv. sér.). trade, the African background. The second deals with

A study of indentured workers who sailed from La the slave regime in the French Antilles: the slaves’ Rochelle for Martinique, Guadeloupe, Saint Chris- legal status, religious beliefs, customs, living conditophe, and Saint Domingue. Largely manuscript _ tions, discipline and punishment, revolts, and marronsources, in particular 6,200 contrats d’engagement. nage; also slaves taken to France and the affranchis. Topics include: origins of the engagés, recruitment The Code Noir of 1685 is reproduced from a manumethods, plantation life, emancipation, and transition script text in the Archives Coloniales (p. 158-166).

from engagés to slave labor. Peytraud stresses the brutality of slavery, idealizes the

‘ . Negro’s life in Africa, and holds that effective coloni-

nawes Fat. alseS au XVII S1ecie. . . .

Ne Ae atc Pr iel. Le vviiie eigete, CS. zation by free white labor would have been possible.

v. 6, no. 3, Oc: , 1966: 3-43. 2753. Saintoyant, J. La colonisation fran-

Documented study «f fugitive slaves in the French ¢aise sous ancien régime (du xv

Caribbean. Topics inzlude: types of marronnage, the siécle 4 1789). Paris, 1929. 2 v. maps, response of administrators, punishment, life of the bibl. peitives, art c to foreign soil, marronnage and the = Covers French colonization throughout the world,

evolution, and causes of marronnage. but devotes substantial attention to the French Carib-

. . “of bean in the colonial era. The author has continued

2780. Debien, Gabriesct a a rgines Bes his history in subsequent works into the later period.

23,25, nos. 3-4,1-2, juillet-oct., 1961: 363--387; Saint Domi t. nos. janv.-avril, 1963: 1-38; b.saint Domingue t. 25, nos. 3-4, juillet—oct., 1963: 215- 1. Sources

“5 : . wy x . ; so on . : . . . ° , ” , p.

265; t. 26, nos. 1-2, i#nv.-av I, 1964: . . , , , 166-211: and t. 26, ns. 3, juillet- 2754. Advielle, Victor. L’Odyssée d'un

oct.. 1964: 601-675 Normand a St. Domingue au dix-hui-

A primary research project to identify origins of Afri- tieme siecle. Paris, 1901. 292 p. bibl.

can slaves brought to the French Antiiles. After a Documented biography of an engineer, Lefranc de

brief introduction these five installments present data Saint-Haulde, who was in charge of constructing irfor the second half of the eighteenth century taken ‘igation works in the Cul-de-Sac region from 1771 to mostly from inventories of large and small plantations 1781. Many sidelights on social history.

from parish records. Information is largely from Saint a . . °

Domingue, but some is from Guadeloupe, Martinique, 2735. Barbe Nar olss Francois, marquis de.

the and Guiana. des ances de Saint omingue | ; .Saintes, , contenant leEtat resume des recettes

2750. Léon, Pierre. Marchands et specula- d’épenses de toutes les chiffres pubteurs dauphinois dans le monde antillais liques, depuis le 10 novembre 1785 Fe ces StS Feels et SE RAND: jusqu'ay Janvier 1788, Port-au-Prince

liotheque de la Faculté des Lettres de Detailed, critical analysis of the finances of Saint

Lyon, fasc. 8). Domingue by the last French intendant; includes

Well-researched study of emigration from Dauphiné to twelve important statistical tables. Subsequent re-

256 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA ports by Marbois covered the years 1788 (Port-au- siderations sur l'état present de la coloPrince, 1789) and 1789 (Paris, 1790). These were nie francaise de Saint-Domingue; ouvsupplemented by the author’s Mémoire (Port-au- rage politique et législatif. Paris, 1776— Prince, 1789) and Observations personnelles .. . 1777.2v

(Paris, 1790). Marbois’s effective and uncompromising . h r h mini f . behalf administration antagonized the planters, who forced 4dressed to the French minister of marine on beha

him to leave the island in 1789 at the onset of the Of the Saint Domingue colonists. The author, a notary French Revolution. His distinguished public career 4t Cap Frangais, claimed that local government had spanned sixty-six years, one of the longest in French degenerated into “un mélange affreux de tyrannie & history; a later accomplishment was to negotiate the ’anarchie.” His pleas for reform are contained in a

Louisiana Purchase. survey of the colony’s resources, slave system, agri-

. . ; culture, commerce, customs, military and civil admin-

2756. Debien, Gabriel. L’esprit de St. istration, and legislation.

Domingue un mom NG de Lory). 2762. Laborie, P. J. The coffee planter of RHHG. v. 30, no. 106, juillet-oct., Saint Domingo; with an appendix conExcerne frome manuscript in the Municipal Library taining a view of the constitution, govof Nantes by a man of affairs who had lived in Saint ernment, laws, and state of that colony, Domingue. ‘Influenced by Montesquieu, he favored previous to the year 1789 . . . London, greater autonomy and social reforms for the colony. 1798. 198, 145 p. illus. Excerpts grouped under: origins of the colony, gov- Treatise on coffee-growing by a Saint Domingue ernment and militia, trade, plantations, social classes, planter for the use of English planters in Jamaica. slaves, and religion. Spanish translation appeared in Detailed information on cultivation and processing

AEA, t. 12, 1955: 287-319. of the crop and on ‘“‘the government and care of the

2757. Debien, Gabriel, ed. Gouverneurs, Nees andcatiie.” a

magistrats et colons, l’opposition parle- 2763. Moreau de Saint-Mery, Mederic L. E.

mentaire et coloniale a Saint-Domingue Description topographique, physique,

(1763-1769). RHGH. v. 16, oct., 1945: — civile, politique et historique de la partie

1-53 and v. 17, jan., 1946: 1-36. francaise de l’isle Saint-Domingue. Paris,

Collection of documents with commentary and notes 1958. 3 v. illus., map. (Bibliothéque d’hisiustrating attempts at and obstacles to administra- toire coloniale. Nouv. sér.).

uve reform. This classic was published first in 1797-1798. The

2758. Ducoeurjoly, S. J. Manuel des habi- Present edition restores passages suppressed by the . . . _ author in 1797; it is prefaced by a good biography of tans de Saint-Domingue. Paris, 1802-. Moreau, an analysis of his sources, and a list of his

An X. 2 Vz. map. manuscripts and publications. The study opens with

Written by a plantation manager who spent nearly 20 a discussion of the whites, slaves, affranchis, and years in Saint Domingue. Contains much first-hand mixed bloods and includes many cultural observainformation about treatment of slaves; crops, soils, tions. There follows a detailed historico-descriptive

and farming methods; forest products; agricultural analysis of the 52 parishes of Saint Domingue, processing; diseases and their treatment; and the grouped under 16 quartiers and three regions (north, creole language. An anonymous introduction contains west, and south). Moreau, a Free Mason and intel-

historical and statistical surveys. lectually formed by the Enlightenment, had been a

2759. Gala, Ignacio, ed. Memorias de la magistrate - Saint Domingue.

colonia francesa de Santo Domingo, con 2764. Wimpffen, Francois A. S. Saint-

algunas reflexiones relativas a la isla | Domingue a la veille de la révolution de Cuba, por un viagero espafiol. Ma- (souvenirs du Baron de Wimpffen).

drid, 1787. 180 p. Paris, 1911. 190 p. illus.

Deals with the defenses of Saint Domingue, the Wimpffen’s dyspeptic account of his travels in Saint militia, agriculture, and methods of soil fertilization. Domingue (‘‘ce triste et malheureux pays”) is reThe defenses are criticized, but the agriculture is ¢dited with illustrations from the period and notes

cited as a model for the Spanish islands. giving comparative material from other authorities. 2760. Girod-Chantrans, Justin. Voyage d’un

. . , The first edition appeared in 1797.

; . . é oe:

suisse dans différentes colonies d’Amé- ii. Secondary Works rique pendant la derniére guerre. Neu- ok chatel 785 416p S 2765. Breathett, George. The Jesuits in

Skin-deep impressions of a traveler to Saint Do- colonial Haiti. TH. v. 24, no. 2, Feb.,

mingue in 1782, touching on slavery, disease, agri- 1962: 153-171. culture, defense, government, and climate. Brief A general survey, using sources from the advent of descriptions of Martinique and Curacao in a pre-_ the Jesuits in the 1650’s until their expulsion from

liminary letter. Saint Domingue in 1763.

2761. Hilliard d’Auberteuil, Michel R. Con- 2766. De Beauval, Ségur. Histoire de Saint

THE FRENCH CARIBBEAN 257 Domingue. BASD. ano 9, v. 9, num. struction of slaves was more widespread than is 44-45, enero—abr., 1946: 4-52. generally assumed. Manuscript from the Bibliothéque Nationale, Paris, 2773. Fouchard, Jean. Plaisirs de Saint-

transcribed by Américo Lugo. A general account Dc ° |socia . ale.©,lit emphasizing political and administrative history JOMINEUE, notes sur. laitvie Ht

for 1632-1764 and concluding with brief notes on téraire et artistique. Port-au-Prince, 1955.

geography and agriculture. 181 p.

2767. Debien, Gabriel. Etudes antillaises, 8ased partly on archival research in France and xviii 186 Il theater. serving Interesting as an introduction to a specialized study of the Xvir siecle. siecie, Paris. Faris, 1956. Pp. UIUS., information on tastes and customs map. (Cahiers des Annales: economies, of colons and affranchis, especially amusements and

sociétés, civilisations 11). civettissements populaires,” during the latter part of

Contains two studies. The major one, “Dans un the eighteenth century.

quartier neuf de Saint-Domingue, un colon, une an > «at. caféiére (1743-1799),” is based on archives and nN ° eoucnary Jean. Ye theatre 5 paint examines the development and operation of a typical Domingue. Fort-au-Frince, . p.

large coffee plantation in Saint Domingue. The shorter illus.

e9*~°*.

study, ‘““Les débuts de la révolution 4 Saint-Domingue, An excellent study of the theater in Saint Domingue,

vus des plantations Bréda,” is a report on slave un- mostly during the 1770’s and 1780's. Covers theatrical rest in 1789-1791 through the letters of a “‘procureur activity in the main towns; social life of the artists;

de plantations.” theater life (organization of theaters, publicity, criti2768. Debien. Gabriel. Plantations et es cism, censorship, stage design); and local participation.

claves 4 Saint-Domingue. Dakar, 1962. 2775. Houdaille, Jacques. Trois paroisses de

184 p. illus., map. (Université de Dakar, | Saint-Domingue au xvii° siecle, etude Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Hu- démographique. P. année 18, no. 1, janv.— maines. Publications de la section Whis5 mars, 73 10. + French imi in . toire 3). etaile emograpnic study of| 963: rrenc immigrants

Studies of an sugar plantations of Saint Domingue Saint Domingue based on records of three parishes in emphasizing the life of the slaves: the Cottineau plan- the sown. a ata on: baptisma’ age, megitumacy, martation (1750-1777) and the Foiche plantation (1770- "ase, Fertility, mortality, mooility, education, mis-

1803). Manuscript sources heavily used. cegenation, overseas origins, and professions.

2769. Debien, Gabriel, ed. Un colon sur sa 776: ae Branehe. one ocr a plantation. Dakar, 1959. 185 p. illus. pensee a saint-Vomingue, te Cercle Ces

(Université de Dakar. Faculté des Let- Nee coe - oc ae. RFHO. tres et Sciences Humaines. Publications - 8, rim. , * Tectual circle in Sai deClakisection dhistoire 1) (1785-1792) Documented account of ana intellectual circle inof Saint . . Domingue giving sharp vignette the

Domingue, 1786-1790. 5 D et ; or vette: 2777. Pollet, Georges. Saint-Domingue

Collection of letters from a French planter in Saint cultural life of the colonial elite.

au-Prince, 1944-1945, 2 v. France, 1934. 287 p. bibl. re isa win Cotumbus anole V. the mans, ane Doctoral thesis covering a century of politicoadminisdevelo en t sf Sai t Domingue “il 1790. tr w€ trative history, divided into six periods. The colonists’ social Pp eultoral and econom* I tes a chides relative autonomy and the tendency of French adminateresting material, but the oF anitati ne : weak and istrators to identify with their interests is stressed. A

sources are cited sparingly Banizano trend toward more centralized control appears in about 1730.

on. he rues: Jean, Aaustes et Teper- 4778. Ricard, Robert. A propos de Saint oire des scenes de saint-Vomingue. Domingue: la monnaie dans l’économie

Port-au-Prince, 1955. 271 p. bibl. coloniale 1674-1803. RHC. t. 41, no.

Contains: (a) a biographical dictionary of some 300 142. 1& tri’1954: actors, directors, designers, and musicians associated Tim.,22-46 . " , ,°

with the theater in eighteenth-century Saint Do- A monetary study that concludes that Saint Domingue mingue, and (b) a register of plays, operas, operettas, WS condemned to being a mere relay point on one of concerts, and dance performances produced there the many routes of flow of the “white metal.” ,

between 1764 and 1797. 2779. Tramond, Joannés. Saint-Domingue 2772. Fouchard, Jean. Les marrons du syl- en 1756 et 1757 d’aprés la corresponlabaire. Préface de Jean Price-Mars. dance de l’ordonnateur Lambert. RHC.

Port-au-Prince, 1953. 167 p. illus. t. 20, 1927: 161-200; 369-406; 509-542.

This study of the education of slaves and freedmen in Life and administrative problems of Saint Domingue

eighteenth-century Saint Domingue claims that in- seen through the eyes of Claude-Ange Lambert, a

258 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA ree volumes of correspondence Archives du 9: . la Deuxiéme Arrondissement Maritime. culture,inlethe ; cOMmMEerce, | Industrie,

French official. ancludes generous extracts rom ns faune, la géologie, la minéralogie, l’agri-

; législation, administration. Basse-Terre,

2780. Tramond, Joanneés. Les troubles de 1890-1899. 3 v.in 5S. illus.

Saint-Domingue en 1722-1724. RHC. t. As the title indicates, a generous repository of infor22, nos. 5-6, sept.-déc., 1929: 487-512, mation and documentation. Almost two of the five

549-598. } volumes are devoted to natural history and the InAnalysis of a colonists’ uprising against the tightening cians: me Acs dew with the history of Guadeloupe

of royal control, especially an order forbidding circu- NECEANE ADCIED INEBINE.

lation of foreign currency. Tramond suggests that the 2786. Banbuck, Cabuzel A. Histoire policrown’s apparent firmness and de facto concessions tique, économique et sociale de la Marpaved the way forarea used halftocentury of economic prosos ,regime . , (1 635-1 789), perity. Archival sources refine Charlevoix’s tinique sous | ancien

account of the episode. Paris, 1935. 335 p. illus., map, bibl. (Bib2781. Trouillot, Henock. Economie et fi- lotheque d’histoire Economique). desaint-Domingue. Saint-D ; H ARHHG. well-documented Thehistory first chapters nances de v. deal with thegeneral politicalhistory. and military in seven

33, no. 110, jan.—avril 1965: 1-139. periods and are followed by chapters on the Conseil

A detailed and comprehensive treatment of such Souverain, the fiscal system, agriculture and manu-

topics as administration, commercial companies, con- facture, commerce, and social composition. Appen-

traband, and currency. dixes contain a list of the island’s administrators and

oy . . , five short documents.

2782. Vaissiere, Pierre de. Saint-Domingue: 787. Chaul Lik L été ad

la société et la vie(1629-1789). créoles sous I’ancien Martinique au vile eiacle régime Pari ; ; (1635-1713)

eee ris, 1909. 384 p. “Caen, 1966. 252 p. bibl. (Recherches Social history in a somewhat old-fashioned vein, but sur I’histoire des Antilles).

readable, detailed, and documented. Main topics are Broad study of administration, militia, settlement, colonization, French nobility in the colony, condition nobles, ecclesiastics, corsairs, Jews, Protestants, and

of slaves, and creole life and customs. engage and slave labor. 2788. May, Louis-Philippe. Histoire €cono-

c. French Lesser Antilles mique de la Martinique (1635-1763).

i. Sources Paris, 1930. 334 p. map, bibl. | Solid doctoral thesis using many archival sources.

2783. Breton, Raymond. Les Caraibes: la Debien calls it the best French colonial monograph _1cKe ; ; ; for the Ancien Régime period. It deals with origins Guadeloupe 1635 , 1656, histoire des and process of settlement, land system, crops, trade vingt premieres années de lacolonisation and commercial policy, money and credit, urban dede la Guadeloupe, Joseph Rennard, ed. velopment, law, and political freedoms. Thirteen short Paris, 1929. 182 p. illus., map. (Histoire documents and trade statistics are appended.

coloniale 1). 2789. Petitjean-Roget, Jacques. La Gaoulé,

Breton was a ominican missionary a uaceOupe. révoltede de Guadela Martinique e volume contains his “Relation delaVile 7 en 1717. Fortloupe” in three parts: description of geography, flora, St de France, | 966. 580 p. illus. the local and fauna; an account of the Caribs: and a chronicle ‘lit ° | tov L func as a CO n IC d etween 4 oca

of the Dominican mission during Breton’s residence, militia an@ royal functionaries and interpreted as a 1635-1654. Two relations in Latin are included creole protest against the strengthening of royal con-

: trol, especially economic.

2784. Rennard, Joseph, ed. Tricentenaire 2790. Satineau, Maurice. Histoire de la des Antilles, Guadeloupe-Martinique Guadeloupe sous l’ancien régime, 1635-

d ; os .

1635-1935, documents. Fort-de-France, 1789. Paris, 1928. 400 p. map, bibl. (Bib-

1935. 304 p. illus., map. liothéque historique).

This collection of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Competent study based on printed and limited archi-

documents on Guadeloupe and Martinique includes val sources that emphasizes social and economic the Relation of Father Jacques Bouton(1640),areport history: mercantilism, labor, agriculture, industry, to Colbert on the islands (1660), memoirs of Lieut.- money and trade, life of slaves, and affranchis.

ocuments 4. British Caribbean

Gen. Pheylipaux (1713), and numerous ecclesiastical

ii. Secondary Works a. General 1. Sources

2785. Ballet, Jules. La Guadeloupe: renseignements sur lhistoire, la flore, la 2791. Butel-Dumont, G. M. Histoire et com-

THE BRITISH CARRIBEAN 959 merce des Antilles angloises. Paris, 1758. 1794. 2 v. illus., maps.

284 p. map. Edwards, born in England, inherited property in Ja-

Survey of the British Antilles emphasizing commerce ™aica and entered its colonial assembly: he returned and the laws governing it. The author, a Frenchman, © England as a successful merchant, banker and M.P. criticizes mercantilism and aggressive British policies. From an enlightened planter’s viewpoint he argued

First edition in 1757. for local government, free trade with the United _ ; ; States, and maintenance of slavery. V. 1 gives a sum-

2792. Great Britain. Privy Council. Acts of mary view of the Antilles and their aborigines, then

the Privy Council of England, colonial covers the history and geography of the British series..London, 1908-1912. 6 v.(mainly maps islands. 2 is an informed analysis of “present in, ' : habitants’”’ theV. slaves), agriculture, govern-

Extracts and summaries from the Acts of the Privy 2 €

Council pertaining to the American colonies (1613- ment, ane ninserted Documents and statistical re-

1783). Material drawn upon includes: folio volumes P

containing a chronological accountpapers are counetsconsisting 2797. Newton, mainly Arthur P. The colonising proceedings; unbound o re ..

petitions and reports submitted by the Board of Trade; ces of one paeish atans: me and a small part of the Plantation Register that illus- ast phase of the izabethan struggle

trates the constitutional struggle in Jamaica. Each with Spain. Introduction by Charles M. volume has a prefatory guide; appendixes refer to Andrews. New Haven, 1914. 344 p. supplementary material from other sources. maps. (Yale historical publications. Mis-

2793. Great Britain. Public Record Office. _ cellany 1). | .

Calendar of state papers, colonial series A solid study of the Caribbean activities of the Provi; .> -” dence Company. In 1635 it virtually gave up colonizAmerica and West Indies, preserved it} ing and openly sponsored privateering. The Comthe Public Record Office. London, 1860- __ pany’s history is a link between the early freebooters

1963. 43 v. and Cromwell’s Western Design.

Volumes published to 1963 cover the period 1574-_ . ene .

1737. Introductions to each volume are a guide to the 2798. Penson, L illian M. The colonial agent S

contents and indicate records utilized. Earlier volumes of the British West Indies: a study in abridge the documents drastically, ones intro. uce transcripts of important itemsbut andlater passages. ‘ colonial administration, mainly in the statement on the content and editing of the Calendar eighteenth century. London, 1924. 318 p.

appears in v. 43. map, D101. . . ; . ; This doctoral thesis is a largely descriptive study of

2794. Harlow, Vincent T. Colonising expedi- the West India agents who served as lobbyists in tions to the West Indies and Guiana. London; emphasizes the period of their greatest im1623 1667. London, 1925. xcv, 262 Pp. agents and illustrative documents.

_ > portance, 1660-1763. Appendixes include lists of

illus., maps, bibl. (The Hakluyt Society.

2. ser. 56). 2799, Pitman, Frank W. The development A collection of 22 manuscripts from various sources of the British West Indies 1700-1763. relating to: St. Kitts, Nevis and Barbados; Sir Henry New Haven. 1917. 495 p. map bib]

Colt’s voyage to the Antilles (1631); De Ruyter’s raid . .° Tenetinge »

on Barbados and the Leewards (1665); Trinidad and A var cehastorical pub neations. piudies 4. Tobago; and Guiana. Good introduction by the editor. on manuscripts from the Public Record Office. Topics

2795. Thomas, Dalby. An historical account _ include white labor, the slave trade, exclusion of small of the rise and growth of the West-Indig Proprietors, finances and sugar markets, international

. trade, illicit trade, and the Peace of Paris.

colonies, and of the great advantages they

are to England, in respect to trade. Jn 2800. Pitman, Frank W. Slavery on British The Harleian Miscellany. London, 1808- West India plantations in the eighteenth

1813. 10 v. V. 2, 1809: 357-387. century. Washington, 1926. JNH. v. 11,

First published in 1690, this tract by a merchant con- no. 4, Oct., 1926: 584-668. tains an economic justification for Britain’s West A monograph dealing with the slave trade, organizaIndian colonies; a description of the sugar industry tion of slave labor, treatment of slaves in law and and of other plantation crops; and pleas for cheaper custom, breeding of slaves, and slaves’ religious life. slaves, enlightened colonial rule, more emigration tO Based on thorough research.

the colonies, and credit for the planters. A pro-—West

Indian view of British policy. 2801. Spurdle, Frederick G. Early West

Indian government: showing the prog-

ii. Secondary Works ress of government in Barbados, Jamaica . and the Leeward Islands, 1660-1783.

2796. Edwards, Bryan. The history, civil | Palmerston North, N.Z., [1962]. 275 p. and commercial, of the British colonies in bibl.

the West Indies. 2. ed. London, 1793-— Comparative, largely descriptive account of island

260 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA legislatures and executives, financial administration, mants for his history. public works, and appointment to offices. Study ends

in 1783, when “the movement towards formalization 2807. Moreton, J. B. Manners and customs and reduction of the governors’ powers had become in the West India islands. London, 1790. as complete as it was ever going to be.’ Considerable 192 p.

manuscript material used. A white resident surveys living conditions of Jamaican : . slaves on the eve of significant changes in the slave 2802. Thornton, Archibald P. West-India codes.

policy under the Restoration. Oxford, 1956. 280 p. illus., map, bibl. 2808. Sloane, Hans. A voyage to the islands

Study of the development of Britain’s West Indian Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S. Christopolicy under the reign of Charles II (1660-1685). Un- phers and Jamaica, with the natural hisin the ted by charter end eadid be ean Cahtlyadk, «= LOFY- - . of the last of those islands. Lonministered, although fully effective controlhadtoawait . 90N,1707-1725.2v.illus.,maps.

unprotecte c e ti - _ ;

establishment of British military power ina later peri- [Ntroduction gives a description of Jamaica (climate,

od. The Restoration “witnessed the heyday of the 8¢°8taphy, vegetation, people, customs) and_an ac-

West-India economy” and Jamaica’s conversion intoa count of diseases that Sloane, physician to the Duke of focus of licit and illicit trade with Spanish possessions. Albemarle, observed and treated there. His natural history of the island classifies plants, trees, insects, testaceans, crustaceans, fish, birds, quadrupeds, ser-

1. Sources ;

b. Jamaica pents, stones, and minerals. [lustrated with 274 stun-

; ning copper-plates ‘‘as big as the life.”’

2809. Venables, Robert. The narrative of 2803. Beckford, William. A descriptive ac- General Venables with an appendix of

count of the island of Jamaica... also papers relating to the expedition to the

observations and reflexions upon what West Indies and the conquest of Jamaica, would probably be the consequence of an 1654-1655. Ed. for the Royal Historical abolition of the slave-trade, and of the Society by C. H. F irth. London, 1900. emancipation of the slaves. London, 1790. xli, 180 p. (Royal Historical Society,

2 Vv. London. Publications. Camden Ser. New Description of Jamaica by a member of the plantocracy Ser. 60). who speculates on possible consequences of abolition. | Contains the narrative of General Robert Venables in Beckford defended the slave trade but acknowledged which he apologizes for his conduct as expedition comits worst abuses. See also his Remarks upon the situa- _ mander, relates his examination and imprisonment in

tion of Negroes in Jamaica .. .(London, 1788). England, and seeks vindication. Appendixes comple2804. Castilla, Julian de. The English con- ment the account with eye-witness narratives.

quest of Jamaica. Irene A. Wright, ed. 7

London, 1923. 32 p. (Camden Third li. Secondary Works

Series, v. 34. Camden Miscellany 13). Translation from the Spanish of Capt. Julian de Cas- 2810. Cundall, Frank. The g0vernors of tilla’s narrative of the English seizure of Jamaica, Jamaica in the first half of the eighteenth covering events from May 20, 1655, to July 3, 1656. century. London, 1937. xxxi, 229 p.

Original documents in the Archivo General de Indias. illus., maps. | introduction and 1 otes. Brief biographies of 13 governors (1702-1748).

2805. Jamaica. Assembly. Journals, 1664—- Chronological table and list of principal officials.

182¢. Kingston, Jamaica, 1811-1828. 4947, Cundall, Frank. The governors of

Jamaica LonF.lav. W. Pitman calls thisin thethe ‘‘onlyseventeenth notable collection century. of ; , nile entury. on

its kind.” don, 1936. xli, 177 p. illus., maps. ; Brief biographies of 15 governors (1661-1702), pre-

2806. [Leslie, Charles]. A new history of ceded by an introduction covering Jamaica under the Jamaica, from the earliest accounts, to commissioners (1655-1660). Chronological table and the taking of Porto Bello by Vice-Admi- _ !'st of principal officials.

ral Vernon. London, 1740. 340 p. maps. 2812. Dallas, Robert C. The history of the Composed in the form of 13 letters which narrate Maroons. London, 1803. 2 v. illus., maps. Leslie's voyage to Jamaica and contain general de- | argely concerned with the Maroon uprising in Jamai-

scriptions of the island and its people; Hispanophobic —_¢a jn 1795, but also contains a résumé of Jamaican his-

accounts of buccaneering and the attack on Porto tory from 1665 and information on the origins of the Bello; survey of Jamaican laws, government, institu- Maroon colony, the uprisings of the 1730’s, and Mations, and commerce; and information on slaving, oon society in the eighteenth century. understanding, using documents and reliable infor- 2813. Long, Edward. The history of Jamaica

slavery, and maroons. Leslie wrote critically and with ;

THE BRITISH CARIBBEAN 261 ... London, 1774. 3 v. illus., maps. 2.

Long, an English-born planter who spent some 12 These volumes reprint selected numbers of the Baryears in Jamaica, based his account on previous bados Gazette for 1731-1738. Prominence is given to writers, documents, and personal experience. V. 1 juridical and political matters and to epigrams and sadeals with government and administration, Jamaican tiric verse. Appendix contains 8 documents clarifying history since 1655, Jamaica’s island and isthmian matters referred to in the text.

dependencies, and trade and money; it strongly criti- ‘ . cizes administrative corruption and inefficiency and 2819. Goveia, Elsa V. Slave society in the

oppressive English policies. V. 2 presents regional sur- British Leeward Islands at the end of the veys of Middlesex, Surrey, and Cornwall counties. V. eighteenth century. New Haven, 1965. 3 describes the island’s climate, geography, and crops. 370 p. map, bibl. (Caribbean ser. 8). 2814. Metcalf, George. Royal government Intensive examination of slave society in the British and political conflict in Jamaica. 1729- Leewards at a critical historical moment. Author tries 178 a Lond 1965. 256 W ? bibl to identify principles that held masters, freedmen, and - London, Pp. UIUS., DIDI. — slaves together as a community. Main topics: the po(The Royal Commonwealth Society. Im- litical system, sugar industry and the slave system,

perial studies ser. 27). slave laws, social groups, and Christian missions.

A fully documented study in administrative history 2820. Harlow, Vincent T. A history of that eighteenth-century examines how royal governors were recruited B ° connecbad 1 625-1685 ° Oxford. 1926. for Jamaica, ‘‘where their arbados ‘ . XIord, tions and qualifications lay, and what circumstances 347 p. maps, bibl.

made them successes or failures.” Author concludes A solidly documented history dealing with settlement, that successful governors inconspicuously but shrewd- politics, administration, trade, and labor.

ly mediated between imperial demands for local rev- ; enues and Jamaican demands for home rule. 2821. Higham, C. S. S. The development of 2815. Sheridan, R. B. The wealth of Jamaica _—_—‘ the Leeward Islands under the Restora-

in the eighteenth century. EHR. 2. ser. tion 1660-1688: a study of the founda-

v. 18, aug., 1965: 292-311. tions of the old colonial system. Cam-

Important revisionist study that uses new sources to bridge, 1921. 266 p. illus., maps, bibl.

show that eighteenth-century Jamaica was not an A history of the British Leewards dealing with estabeconomic “millstone” around the British neck but an Jishment of colonial rule, international rivalry, the

important source of economic surplus. Caribs, the labor problem, and the sugar trade. Based

. itson hes ° e€ consutunaiona . . .

9816. Whit A M. Th titut; | on thorough research.

development & Jamaica, 1660 to 1729. 2822. Ligon, Richard. A true and exact hisManchester, 1929. 182 p. bibl. (Publica- tory_of the island of Barbados. London,

tions of the University of Manchester 16> 7, 122 p. illus., ee , 190. Historical ser. 52) A lively, penetrating account 0 Barbados by one who

° . 7 sought his fortune there for three years. Ligon de-

A monograph that focuses on tensions created by the scribes the climate, geography, fauna, flora, and, most Jamaican colonists efforts to preserve their privileges important, the origins, functioning, and prospects of

as English subjects and the crown’s determination the newly established plantation system. He includes that it possessed authority over Jamaica as a con- information on indentured servants, slaves, and slave

° 5 eo

quered island. uprisings and compares the “‘pleasures and profits” of 2817. Wright, Irene A. The Spanish resis- Barbados and England. Several subsequent editions.

tance to the English occupation of Jamai- 2823. Makinson, David H. Barbados, a study

ca, 1655-1660. TRHS. 4. ser. v. 13, of North-American—West-Indian rela-

1930: 117-147. | tions 1739-1789. London, 1964. 142 p.

The story of Spanish military resistance to the Eng- map, illus., bibl. (Studies in American lish seizure of Jamaica, terminated when Ysassi, the hist last Spanish governor, withdrew to Cuba in 3) 1660. IStOry 2). , Largely based on the Archivo de Indias. Studies the effects of the Seven Years’ War and the

. - lanters.

American Revolution on Barbados as a typical British

.. . Caribbean sugar colony. Stresses the disruption of the

c. British Lesser Antilles imperial trade pattern historically defended by the

2818. Caribbeana. Containing letters and ° ;

dissertations, together with political es- 2824. Oliver, Vere L. The history of the says, On various subjects and occasions island of Antigua... from the first settle. . . wherein are also comprised, divers ment in 1635 to the present time. London, papers relating to trade, government, and 1894-1899. 3 v.illus., maps, bibl. laws in general; but more especially, to The history of Antigua is given as a chronology incorthose of the British; sugar-colonies and of porating source materials, among is reprinted ’ John Luffman’s A Brief Account of which the Island of Barbados in particular... London, 1741. 9 Antigua... in the Years 1786, 1787, 1788 (London,

262 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA 1789). The rest of the work contains family histories op de West-Indische eilanden. Amsterand genealogies and an appendix with information on dam, 1901-1903. 2 v. in 3 pts. illus., land grants, slaves, wills, administration, and ecclesi-

astical maps. . . Still theaffairs. basic historical narrative for the Netherlands 2825. Sheridan, R. B. The rise of acolonial Antilles in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, gentry: a case study of Antigua, 1730- carefully based on the State Archives. The part deal-

342-357. 1702.

1775. EHR. 2. ser. v. 13 Apr. 1961: ing with the Netherlands Windwards breaks off at

A case study of a plantation society focusing on en- 2831. Hildebrand, Ingegerd Den Svenska

trepreneurship, absenteeism, family ties, and condik 1 nn- -( S:tBart B , €hél ° hOc Vastindisk tions for economic success. Author suggests a cycle o1onin emy asuindiska

“from merchant-planter to planter-merchant to gentle- Kompaniet fram till 1796. Lund, Sweden, man-planter and finally .. . to merchant-planter again.” 1951. 350 p. illus., maps, bibl. 2826. Williamson, James A. The Caribee A doctoral thesis on the Swedish West India Com-

‘slandunder d hthe. pany andpatents. St. Bartholomew from the preliminaries islands proprietary leading to Sweden’s acquisition of the colony from London, 1926. 234 p. map. France in 1785 until 1796, when the Company began

Reliable study of English colonization in the Lesser to show heavy profits. This barren island of eight Antilles to 1664. Concerned with the “proprietary square miles with 739 inhabitants in 1784 was coveted patents, the motives and methods of their origination, as a trade entrep6t. Though not broadly conceived, the traffic in them, and their ultimate extinction” the study is useful for commercial and comparative against a broader historical background. An appendix colonial history. Sources include Swedish consular

contains documents on Barbados. reports from the United States. Six-page English sum-

5. Swedish Netherlands, Danish, andéoo A ll 2832. Knappert, Laurentius. Geschiednis wedisnh Antilles mary.

92. .

|. van de Nederlandsche Bovenwindsche

a. Bibliographies and Guides eilanden in de 18° eeuw. Hague, 1932.

2827. Felhoen Kraal, Johanna. Libraries sont 8 eR ens ey history of the Netherand archives for research if) West In- lands Windwards in the eighteenth century, designed dian history. De West-Indische Gids, as a continuation of the unfinished Part 2 of Hamel37ste jaargang, no. 2/4, Dec., 1957: 71— __ berg’s history. Brief guide to archives and collections in the Nether- 2833. Ozinga, Murk D. De monumenten lands and Netherlands Caribbean. Additional sources van Curacao in woord en beeld. Hague, of information in notes. Appendix inventories a large 1959. 278 p. illus., maps. collection of Curagao plantation archives. Handsomely illustrated, scholarly description of the evolution of architecture, fortifications, and city plan-

b. Sources ning in Curacao. English summaries.

2828. Hamelberg, J. H. J. Documenten be- 2834. Unger, W. S. Bijdragen tot de ge-

hoorende bij “De Nederlanders op de schiednis van de Nederlandse slavenWest-Indische eilanden.”” Amsterdam, handel. Economisch-Historisch Jaar-

1901-1903. 2 v. in 3 parts. boek, deel 26, 1956: 133-174, and deel

Collection of documents to accompany Hamelberg’s 27. 1961: 3-148.

history. Historical survey of the Dutch slave trade followed by + 4: an archival study of the operations of the Middelburg

2829. . Oldendorp, Christian G. A. Ge- Commercial Company in the Netherlands Caribbean. schichte der Mission der Evangelischen Tables, documentary appendix.

Bruder auf den Caraibischen inseln

S. Thomas, S. Croix and S. Jan. Barby, 2835. Westergaard, Waldemar C. The Dan-

1777.2 v.in 1. 1068 p. illus., maps. ish West Indies under company rule

Contains a natural history of the Virgin Islands and (1671-1754) witha supplementary chap-

information on slaves and their tribal origins and 1755-1917. Introd. Oy bv H. the creole language, followed by histories of on thet miscr, - Inurod. Fi.Morse

sions on St. Thomas (1731-1768), St. Croix (1758- Stephens. N.Y., 1917. 359 p. illus., maps, 1768), and St. John (1758-1768). Author was inspector bibl. (Centennial publications of the

general of the Moravian Brethren. University of California, 1868-1918).

Well-documented account stressing political, adminis-

c. Secondary Works trative, and international aspects, though not to the exclusion of social conditions and institutions. Appen-

2830. Hamelberg, J. H. J. De Nederlanders — dixes contain charters, reports, and statistics.

THE CARIBBEAN: MAINLAND COLONIES 263 Mainland Colonies: of unpublished Spanish relating to . 6.was aleigh and tolations journeys of Antonio dedocuments Berrio and DoGuianas and British Honduras mingo de Vera in search of El Dorado (1585-1599):

a. Sources and (2) Of the Voyage for Guiana, a manuscript from

the British Museum’s Collection written by or for

2836. Biet, Antoine. Voyage de la France Raleigh. Comprehensive introduction.

equinoxiale en isle de Cayenne, entre- 2841. Stedman, John G. Narrative of a five

pris par les frangois en l'année M.DC. years’ expedition against the revolted

LII. Paris, 1664. 432 p. | Negroes of Surinam...from the year 1772

The first part describes the voyage to Guiana and the to 1777...London. 1796. 2 v. illus maps

establishment of a French colony in 1662; the second An account of cruelty sadism and revolt in a slave Uescribes the land and Indians’ custome, A Carib dic. SOcietys text and illustrations spare no details. Intionary is appended. Biet, a French priest, also tells cludes general descriptions, natural history, and inof short visits to Surinam, Barbados, Martinique, and formation about plantations and about Indians.

Guadaloupe. He criticizes the Jesuit missions, for 2842, Storm van’s Gravesande, Laurens. The

which Du Tertre later took him to task. rise of British Guiana. London, 1911.2 v. 2837. Fermin, Philip. An historical and poli- illus., maps. (The Hakluyt Society. 2. tical view of the present and ancient state ser. 26, 27). of the colony of Surinam in South Amer- Extracts from dispatches sent (1738-1772) to the

ica. London, 1781. 149 p. irectors of the Zeelan amber of the Dutc es

; > India Company by Storm van’s Gravesande, A historical summary followed by a survey as of about ; an able 1774 dealing with fugitive slaves, Paramaribo, ad- and dedicated agent who was successively secretary,

ministration, produce, trade, money and credit, re- commander, and director general of the Colony of venties, ron uees of decade nce (Bush Negroes, a Essequibo. His reports, which fill in much of Surana effective government, bad discipline of the military, history tor ane persod, dog when Easeguib the ad De excessive luxury, abuse of credit). This translation merara became British in 1814

from the French edition (Maastricht, Netherlands, , 1778) omits sections not directly relevant to Surinam.

2838. H t. Robert. A relatiA ¢ b. Secondary . Harcourt, Robert. relation of aWorks voy- , . .

age to Guiana. Introd. and notes by C. SO BT: Quijano, ies A. Bence. Alexander Harris. London, 1928. 191 p. 63(2)- 1821: historia de los estableci-

illus., maps. (The Hakluyt Society. 2. mientos britanicos del Rio Valis hasta la

ser. 60). independencia de Hispanoamerica. Pro-

An account based on Harcourt’s colonizing voyage logo de Vicente Rodriguez Casado. Seto Guiana in 1608-1609. Reprinted from the first villa, 1944. 503 p. illus., maps, bibl. (Pu-

Neco voteraroni) appendixRiver contains sent a reportto onrcourt the blicaciones de la Escuela de Estudios rwin in abou . : Soar .

1612. The Relation is useful for its ethnography, natu- rae tspano: Americanos de Sevilla 5). 1 jurj dical, and diplomatic aspects in a study well docu2839. Montezon, Fortuné de. Mission de mented from SpanishThe sources, therecognizes Archivo . eneral de Indias. author,especially a Mexican,

ral history, and scheme for colonization. he belice question Is examined in its nistorical, juri-

Cayenne et de la Guyane Francaise. Guatemala’s ‘“‘manifiestos derechos”? over important Paris, 1857. 544 p. Map. (Voyages et Tra- parts of the territory, but his presentation is detached vaux des Missionaries de la Compagnie and nonpolemical.

de Jesus 1). | | 2844. Marchand-Thébault, Mme. L’es-

Important collection containing: (1) Pierre Pelleprat’s | G f >. . ‘Relation des missions des péres de la Compagnie de Ciavage en uyane Irangaise SOUS 1 an-

Jésus... “dealing with the Antilles as well as Guiana: clen regime. RFHO. t. 47, 1960: 5-75.

(2) a letter of 1668 from Jean Grillet, Jesuit superior in A study of slavery in eighteenth-century French GuiCayenne: (3) ‘““Voyage des P. P. Jean Grillet et Fran- ana based on multiarchival research. Deals with the ¢ois Béchanel dans l’intérieur de la Guyane en 1674”; slave trade, slaves’ juridical condition, plantation life, (4) letter concerning the Kourou Mission from Aimé _ fugitive slaves, and missionaries. Notes the near abLombard, Jesuit superior in Guiana, and details on sence of affranchis at the end of the century, in contrast other Jesuit activities for 1723-1 790; (5) Jesuit letters to Saint Domingue.

ine and (6) miscellaneous “‘piéces justi- 2845. Ro dway, James, an d Thomas Watt. Chronological history of the discovery 2840. Raleigh, Sir Walter. The discoverie of and settlement of Guiana, 1493-1668. the large and bewtiful empire of Guiana. Georgetown, 1888. 240 p. illus. London, 1928. cvi, 182 p. illus., maps. A general year-by-year chronicle based on printed

Raleigh’s account of his search for El Dorado in 1595, — sources. A sequel is provided by Rodway’s History of

published first in 1596. Appendixes contain: (1) trans- British Guiana from the year 1668 to thé present time

264 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA (Georgetown, 1891-1894. 3 v.), the first volume of Succinct, well-documented account based in part on

which covers the period 1668-1781. manuscript sources. Deals with the Wiapoco colonies, 2846. Tarrade, Jean. Affranchis et gens de pany and the settlement of and loss to the Dutch of

nee ta aan : :

couleurs libres a la Guyane a la fin du Surinam.

a CO. 49. Seon BOT ‘ "2848. Wilson, Arthur M. The logwood trade Meticulous study of manumission and the status of in the seventeenth and eighteenth cenfree Negroes in French Guiana based on notarial re- turies. /n Donald C. McKay, ed. Essays in

cords, 1777-1789. the history of modern Europe. N.Y.,

2847. Williamson, James A. English colonies 1936. 184 p.

in Guiana and on the Amazon 1604-— Documented essay that clarifies the origins of British

1668. Oxford, 1923. 191 p. illus., map. Honduras.

F. Spanish South America JOHN LYNCH

The Spanish colonies in South America were discovered relatively late by professional historians. But the historiography of the subject has reflected most of the major developments in modern historical studies, embracing as it does great documentary compilations, classical narratives of political history, solid studies of institutions, and, in more recent years, a growing volume of literature on race relations and on social and economic life.

The story of the conquest and early colonization of the area, one of the great themes of human history, has naturally attracted close and continuous attention;

indeed there has been a danger that because it appeared exhausted the story might be left incomplete, devoid of social and economic content. Recent studies, however, principally by the Chilean historians Mellafe (3081), Villalobos (2876), and Goéngora (3078,2872), have investigated the anatomy of the conquest and

the social and economic basis of its organization, pointing the way for a new approach to an old topic. Progress has also been sustained in another wellcultivated field, that of institutional history. Most of the major instruments of government —viceroys, corregidores, intendants, audiencias, and cabildos— have been documented and analyzed. And historians have outgrown an older tendency to base their work exclusively on legal texts, with emphasis on policy rather than performance; the works of Lohmann Villena (2991-2993), Zorraquin

Becu (3137), and Mariluz Urquijo (3134) are notable examples of a greater realism in the writing of institutional history. Progress could still be made, how-

ever, in placing institutions more securely in their social environment and in analyzing more closely the role of creoles in colonial administration.

Recent historiography displays a growing interest in the Indian and Negro sectors of colonial society and in cultural and racial mestizaje. Valuable contributions, narrative and documentary, have been made to the history of the Indians under Spanish rule, while the slave trade and slavery have been studied in a number of important works. In a few cases the methodology employed has been equal to the task. Fals-Borda (5107) and Service (6249) have applied socio-

SPANISH SOUTH AMERICA 265 logical and anthropological techniques to the study of Indian communities; Gongora has undertaken close analysis of Indian agrarian conditions; and Mellafe and de Studer have written original histories of the slave trade and slavery. But in general the subject has not been approached with the professionalism which is required, and there is nothing comparable to Gibson’s total study of the Aztecs under Spanish rule (1442). Yet the Indians and Negroes have been

more systematically studied than other sectors of colonial society. The administrative, entrepreneurial and landholding role of the creole elite is badly documented, while relations between creoles and peninsulares are still the subject

of insubstantial generalizations. The peninsulares themselves are taken for granted as a social group; to give only one example, the incidence and significance of Spanish emigration to South America in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries are virtually unknown.

The economic. history of colonial Spanish South America is charted more effectively than is often appreciated. Thanks to the work of Venezuelan and Argentine historians, the economic structures of the “‘newer’’ parts of the empire that experienced their first period of growth in the eighteenth century are known in some detail, while the amount of published data available for the “older,” mining-oriented colony of Peru is steadily increasing. And certain aspects of the colonial economy, such as Indian labor, mining, and overseas trade, have received substantial monographic treatment by historians in the United States and Latin America. Perhaps the most promising feature is that the methods of historical research developed in Europe and the United States are now being employed by Latin American historians themselves. The history of labor in the colonial period, for example, is being studied methodically in the Centro de Investigaciones de Historia Americana in the University of Chile; and the first results of Jara’s quantitative study of the production of precious metals in sixteenth-century Peru (3017) are now becoming available. What the historiography of the subject does not possess is a Borah, a Cook, or a Chevalier; its lack of population and hacienda studies 1s one of its notable weaknesses. The Spanish empire constituted not only a political achievement and an economic investment but also a major religious enterprise. The study of ecclesias-

tical history, while it falls short of the highest standards of scholarship, has much to its credit. The institutions, the missionary activities, and the cultural and humanitarian work of the church have all been explored and documented, especially for Peru, New Granada, and the Rio de la Plata. But its social structure and its role in the economic life of the colonies have scarcely been noticed, and we still lack basic information on the church as an owner of property and a source of capital and credit. The final crisis of the Spanish empire has received almost as much attention as its initial establishment. The imperial reforms of the later Bourbons have been closely investigated for certain parts of South America, though the subsequent reaction of local political and economic interests to these reforms is still imperfectly understood. The colonial origins of independence have also been identified as a subject of research, and in spite of the many false approaches to the problem there is an increasing body of data from which to study it. Meanwhile a tentative approach has been made to two major problems. From Venezuela there is evidence that the attitude of creoles was determined not only by antipathy toward

peninsulares but also by fear and resentment of the castes and classes below

266 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA themselves; and Peruvian historians have begun to investigate the development of an incipient national consciousness in the late colonial period, a subject that clearly needs to be approached with some caution. The positive achievements of the historiography of the subject are confined to the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries. For these periods historians now have an identifiable foundation on which to build. The seventeenth century, however, is virtually uncharted: not only do we lack basic monographs and documentation but we do not even possess a framework of reference or a chronological structure in which to work. Was this the formative period in the growth of the great estates and the emergence of a creole aristocracy? Was the fate of the Indian finally sealed in these long and silent years? Did institutions and commerce really suffer from unrelieved stagnation? The answers to these questions lie in the archives of Spain and South America. But historians are still handicapped by the inadequacy of archival catalogues. Some there are, and most of the major archives have their Boletin or Revista, which provide a cataloging service in periodical form. But this is one of the vital tools of research that still awaits improvement.

1. Bibliographies and Guides nacional 8). ; ; A facsimile edition of Medina’s bibliographical work

2849. Cardozo, Efraim. Historiografia para- on colonial imprints in Chile (1891), together with the guaya. v. 1. Paraguay indigena, espanol y daiciones made in 1939. Introductory study by G.

jesuita. México, 1959-. 610 p. (Instituto Felt Cruz. Panamericano de Geografia e Historia. 2853. Peru. Ministerio de Hacienda. Archivo

Comision de Historia 83. Historiogra- Historico. Catalogo de la Secci6n Colofias 5). nial del Archivo Histérico. Lima, 1944.

An original study of the historiography of the colonial 215 p. period in Paraguay and a useful record of the aids and =A catalog of manuscripts in the colonial section of the

sources for Paraguayan history. The volume covers Archivo Hist6rico, Ministerio de Hacienda, Lima,

the land and its aboriginal inhabitants; discovery,con- _ principally the papers of the Real Hacienda and the quest, and colonization; Jesuit missions; and the terri- = Consulado and covering the period 1548-1820.

torial commissions of the late eighteenth century. Bibliographical data is marred by unconventional cit- 2854. Peru. Ministerio de Hacienda. Archivo

ing of references. Historico. El Indice del Archivo del Tri2850. Colombia. Archivo Nacional. Indice bunal del Consulado de Lima. Lima, del Archivo Colonial. Bogota, 1935- 1948. lix, 227 p.

1946. 4 v. An index, first made in the eighteenth century, cata-

Indexes of the volumes of colonial documents. loging consulado documents, 1613-1788. A useful , ; introductory study of the consulado of Lima by Robert 2851. Felia Cruz, Guillermo. Historiografia — S. Smith.

CO atte cee 658 eer ees 2855. Peru. Ministerio de Hacienda. Archivo A scholarly study of Chilean historiography concern- Historico. Reales cedulas, reales ordenes, ing the colonial period, intended as an introduction to decretos, autos y bandos que se guardan a study of the great Chilean historian, Medina. Treats en el Archivo Historico. Lima, 1947. of Medina’s nineteenth-century predecessors and of 666 p.

his own early researches and includes useful biblio- 4 calendar of documents, with abstracts, taking the

graphical material. form of royal legislation and decrees and relating

2852. Medina, José T. Bibliografia de laim- [argely but not exclusively to fiscal matters, 1613-

prenta en Santiago de Chile desde sus 1815. origenes hasta febrero 1817. Santiago 2856. Santiago de Chile. Biblioteca Nacional. de Chile, 1961. 2 v. in 1. illus. (Homenaje Impresos chilenos, 1776-1818. Santiago, al sesquicentenario de la independencia 1963. 2 v. illus.

SPANISH SOUTH AMERICA: GENERAL 267 V. 1 reproduces, completely or partially, all known /92/, bajo la direccién de Roberto Levillier (Madrid, imprints made in Chile from 1776 to 1818. V. 2 pro- 1921. 143 p.). Repertorio de los documentos... vides a detailed description of such imprints. Introduc- editados en los anos 1922-1926 (Madrid, 1926.

tory study by G. Felit Cruz. 150 p.).

2857. Trenti Rocamora, José L. Repertorio 2862. Carrié de la Vandera, Alonso. [Con-

de crénicas anteriores a 1810 sobre los colorcorvo, pseud.] El Lazarillo de los paises del antiguo virreinato del Rio de = ciegos_caminantes desde Buenos Aires la Plata, insertas en publicaciones pe- hasta Lima. Madrid, 1959. 245-407 p. riddicas y cuerpos documentales. B.A., (Biblioteca de autores espafioles 122). |

1948. A minor eighteenth-century classic, first published in . ; : . 126p , 1773, describing a journey from Montevideo across

A int of ever 500 items on the Rig dela Plata write” (he pampas and the Andes to Lima, and providing

lections. to which full reference is given vivid information on the customs and the social and

° 6 economic life of the region. The present edition is

2858. Vargas Ugarte, Rubén. Biblioteca prefaced by an authoritative study by José J. Real peruana. Lima, 1935-1957. 12 v. Diaz, who establishes the authorship as that of Alonso

An invaluable guide to the manuscript and some of the rare ia la vaneera, inspector of poss T the "Sec printed sources of Peruvian colonial history. V. 7-12 IS cation 1s edited Dy Juan terez de ludela. se constitute a bibliography, with annotations, of all also the introduction by Marcel Bataillon to a modern known printed works Appearing in Peru from the be- [French edition, /tinéraire de Buenos Aires a Lima ginnings to 1825, providing a more complete record (Paris, 1960). than the pioneering wor of meena. V. 6 covers reru- 2863. Espejo, Juan L. La Provincia de Cuyo

vian works published abroad. There is a further vol- . ; . . Biblioteca peruana(Lima, 1961.75 p.). -2V. ; 1561-1801: land . . . ; Useful documentation on Cuyo, 2859. Vasquez Machicado, José. Catalogo transactions, encomiendas, appointment of officials, ume of additions to the whole series: Suplemento a la Osa de Chile. Santiago de Chile, de documentos referentes a Potosi en e] fiscal and commercial matters, and some material on

Archivo General de Indias de Sevilla. Social lite. a . Potosi, 1964. 66 p. (Coleccién de cultura 2864. Juan y Santacilia, Jorge, and Antonio

boliviana, ser. 3. Escritos modernos 4). de Ulloa. Noticias secretas de America.

A catalog of 540 documents referring to Potosi, 1540- Madrid, 1918. 2 v. (Biblioteca Ayacucho 1819, conserved in the Archivo General de Indias, 31-32).

principally in the section Audiencia de Charcas. First published by David Barry in London, 1826, this

2860. Venezuela. Laws, statutes, etc. (In- lassical and controversial treatise was written in the . : late 1740’s as a confidential report for the Spanish dexes). Derecho colonial venezolano: in- government from the authors’ observations in South dice general de las reales cédulas que se Americain the years 1735-1744. It dissects the social, contienen en los fondos documentales del economic, and political conditions in the Spanish Archivo General de la Nacién. Edicién Colonies, focusing principally on the viceroyalty of or ° , Peru and underlining the venality and tyranny of preparada y dirigida por Hector Garcia officials, the exploitation of the Indians, the decline of

Chuecos. Caracas, 1952. 202 p. the clergy, and the antipathy between creoles and

Index of royal cedulas in the Archivo General de la peninsulares. Authorship is mainly that of Ulloa. Nacion, Venezuela, giving date and folio references Reference to the considerable bibliography on the

and an indication of contents. work is made by Ricardo Donoso, “Autenticidad de

las Noticias Secretas de América,” RHA, no. 44, dic., 2. General 1957: 279-303.

a. Sources 2865. Juan y Santacilia, Jorge, and Antonio 2861. Argentine Republic. Congreso. Biblio- ue Dtoa. Reweion. historic we 48.

teca. Coleccién de publicaciones _his- 5 v_illus., maps fonal. IC,

toricas de la Biblioteca del Congreso A distinguished work recording the observations of Ar gentina. [ed. by Roberto Levillier.] two young naval lieutenants attached to the French Madrid-Buenos Aires, 1918-1926. 26 v. (La Condamine) scientific expedition to South Amer-

A major source collection referring principally to the ica. Invaluable not only as an account of their travels

Rio de la Plata and Peru in the sixteenth century. in the years 1735-1744 (Quito, Peru, and Chile) but

Comprises civil and ecclesiastical papers of Tucuman; also for its data on the geography, ethnology, natural correspondence of the Audiencia of Charcas; corre- resources, and social life of the colonies, and as a recspondence of the Audiencia of Lima; civil and eccle- ord of the Condamine expedition. The first four volsiastical papers of Peru; and the ordinances of Viceroy umes are by Ulloa; the fifth, a technical treatise, by Toledo. There are two guides to the documentation: Juan. There is a modern abridgment of the John Adams Repertorio de los documentos histéricos procedentes translation (1802): A Voyage to South America, ed. del Archivo de Indias, editados en los anos 1918- by Irving A. Leonard (N.Y., 1964. 245 p. bibl.).

268 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA 2866. Peru. Juicio de limites entre el Peru y descubrimiento hesta comienzos del Bolivia. Prueba peruana por Victor M. siglo xix. Hemisferio sur. Madrid, 1966.

Maurtua. Barcelona, 1906-1917. 12 v. 1126 p. illus., maps. (Biblioteca de

A valuable collection of documents, of wider interest autores cristianos).

than the territorial dispute that occasioned their as- —_ An outstanding history of the church in Spanish South

sembly; includes important sources for the colonial America, 1509-1833, by a Jesuit scholar. Provides a period not only of Peru and Upper Peru but also of chronological framework and a narrative, covering the

the Rio de la Plata. hierarchy, secular clergy, religious orders, land, In4867. Ruiz Lépez Hipdlito. Relacién his- dians, and missions. Contains original material, includ-

téOrica *. del hi |hizo del aing predominance of creoles in the episdel viai viaje,que los data reynosondelthecgpate.

Perudey1777 Chile don...en el 9872. Mario. LCe d COnafio hastaelelbotanico de 1788. Madrid, , ongora, Nlario.Gé 1-OS STUPOs

9 Al bl2quistadores en Tierra Firme, 1952. v. illus., maps, bibl. MS1509-1530: De . ,

An account of the botanical expedition made by the fisionomia historico-social de un tipo de Spanish naturalists, Hipdlito Ruiz and José Pavon, in conquista. Santiago, 1962. 148 p. bibl.

the interior of Peru and Chile. An original and penetrating study of the anatomy of the Spanish conquest in South America, analyzing the formation of expeditionary groups in the region of the

b. Secondary Works Isthmus of Panama and comparing them with those

, . . . of Coro, Santa Marta, and Cartagena; contributes to 2868. ~espedes del Castillo, Guillermo. Lima of an the understanding of the social and economic content y Buenos Aires, repercusiones econ6Spanish conquest.

micas y politicas de la creacion del Vi- 973, Merino, Luis. Estudio critico sobre maps. (Escuela de Estudios Hispano. 185, Noticias seeretas de América” y el Americanos de Sevilla. Publicaciones 34). 1956. 256 p. (Consejo Superior de In-

. OS - clero colonia — . Madrid,

An original focus on the establishment of the viceroy- V estigaci ones Cientificas. Publicaciones alty of Rio de la based in part on new del Santo . S Toribio M terial andthe throughout onPlata, a reinterpretation of existing ae maInstituto Toribio de de Mogrovedata. Underlines the rivalry of Lima and Buenos Aires jo). and the consequences for both of the creation of the An evaluation of the Noticias Secretas of Juan and

new viceroyalty. Ulloa as a historical document and as compared with

| ; . . . . contemporary manuscript sources. Although it is fo-

2869. Chile. Universidad, Santiago. Instituto cused essentially on the clergy, it is an important criPedagogico. Departamento de Historia y _ tique of the Noticias Secretas and also makes a conGeografia. Don Diego de Almagro y el _ tribution to the ecclesiastical history of Quito and Peru.

descubrimiento del Peru por Rolando 2874, Silva Lezaeta, Luis. El] conquistador Mellate; Asenan i jialohos R. Suntioce, Francisco de Aguirre. Santiago de Chile,

ile por Sergio Vi , ; p.

1954. 156 p. maps, bibl. A basic work, first published in 1904, on Aguirre’s

A significant revisionist study of the discovery and eventful career, in Europe, as conquistador and ad-

conquest of Peru and Chile, containing a reappraisal ministrator in Peru. Upper Peru, Chile, and Tucuman,

of sources and authorities. In the first monograph and as wealthy encomendero and victim of the In-

Mellafe analyzes the social and economic conditions quisition; contains much background material on his in Panama that conditioned the formation of an ex- long struggle for power.

. illus.

peditionary force for Peru. In the second Villalobos . , . . analyzes the context in which Almagro departed from 2875. Soria, Martin S. La pintura del siglo

Cuzco for Chile. xvi en Sudamérica. B.A., 1956. 125 p.

2870. Donoso, Ricardo. Un me ae siB'0 A scholarly study of painting in Spanish South Amerxviii, el doctor Jose Pe ecto de Sa aS. ica in the sixteenth century, focusing particularly on B.A.. 1963. 2 v. (Instituto de Historia New Granada and Peru and placing the subject in its Argentina “Doctor Emilio Ravignani.” social and religious context. Includes a catalog of six-

Publicaciones 105—106) teenth-century paintings in the area and a study of

A copiously documented study of the life and work Europ ean sources on the subject. ; of a creole lawyer and man of letters, fiscal of the 2876. Villalobos R., Sergio. Comercio y conaudiencia of Chile and asesor general to Viceroy Amat trabando en el Rio de la Plata y Chile of Peru. An important contribution to the administra. 1700-1811. B. A., 1965. 147ys p. bibl. tive and intellectual history of eighteenth-century wae ..

~ . , po nuevo 32).

Spanish America. (Biblioteca de América. Libros del tiem-

2871. Egana, Antonio de. Historia de la An able account of eighteenth-century commerce in iglesia en la América espanola, desde el southern South America, at once a synthesis of exist-

NEw GRANADA & VENEZUELA 269 ing knowledge and an original contribution to the sub- from Spain via Cartagena de Indias to Bogota, his ject. The author is concerned to demonstrate the many travels and investigations in New Granada, and his

breaches in the Spanish monopoly. observations made in the mines of Cerro de Sapo. Edited by Guillermo Hernandez de Alba.

3. New Granada and Venezuela 2881. Pons, Francois R. J. de. Viaje a la

a. General Sources parte oriental de Tierra Firme en la

eee ; América Meridional. Estudio preliminar

2877. Caulin, Antonio. Historia corografica, y notas de Pedro Grases. Caracas, 1960.

natural y evangelica de la Nueva An- 2 y. illus., maps. (Coleccién histéricodalucia, provincias de Cumana, Nueva econoémica venezolana 4—5). .

Barcelona, Guayana, y vertientes del Rio A good Spanish edition of De Pons’s Voyage a Ia par-

_ “Ly __ meridionale, first publis in Paris, , in. ° . y the French lawyer an istorian who spen e

Orinoco. Madrid, 1958. xlix-Ixxviii, te orientale fe ia dere Ferme, dans 6 Anerique

saiiole v8 7) (Biblioteca de autores es guished account of the political economy of Venezuela A history of the conquest and conversion of the na- years 1801-1804 there as an agent of the French

tives of eastern Venezuela up to the mid-eighteenth government.

century, first published in Madrid, 1779. The author, . .

a Franciscan friar, based his work on documents, 2882. Semanario del Nuevo Reino de Grabooks, and his own experience in Venezuela, so that nada. Bogota, 1942. 3 v. (Biblioteca poas wer as being 2 nustory it ts also a contemporary ac" _pular de cultura colombiana 4, 22. 23). Ounr OF ndian lite ane 1's environment. A re-edition of the periodical published in 1808-1810 2878. Florez de Ocariz, Juan. Genealogias under the editors™P of Francisco tose Caldas, a creo

dei Nuevo Reino dé Granada, Bogots, me ot on WFthe etnanxiety of cage al 7 . . conditions in New Granada and ofcla the

A monumental compilation by a viceregal official who —_|gcal elite to improve them. * had access to original official papers, many of which

were subsequently lost. First published in Madrid, . . 1674-1676, it is a mine of information on the con- b. Conquest and Colonization querers and settlers of New Granada, administrators, i. Sources ecclesiastics, and creoles, and a source for the social :

and institutional history of New Granada to ca. 1650. 3883, Federmann. Nikolaus. Historia in-

The present scholarly edition by Enrique Ortega di Madrid 19 58 140 Ricaurte and Carlota Bustos comprises Book 1 of lana. Wladrid, 1 . p. .

the original. The best Spanish version, translated by Juan Friede, . of the Historia of Federmann, an official of the Wel-

2879. Humboldt, Alexander von. Viaje alas _ sers’. An account of his first expedition into the inregiones equinocciales del nuevo con- terior of Venezuela, anda valuable source for the his-

tinente hecho en 1799, 1800, 1801, 1802, ,52,° 1 SOmdcst hiss prmisnce mma in

1803 y 1804 por A de Humboldt y A. ) , ,

Bonpland. Tr. de Lisandro Alvarado. 2888. Fer nanere oN redranita, pucas. HisCaracas, 1941-1942. 5 v. illus., maps. ora general del INUEVO Reino de Grana(Ministerio de Educacion Nacional. Bi- da. Bogota, 1942. 4 v. (Biblioteca popular

blioteca venezolana de cultura. Coleccién de cultura colombiana 4-7). . ‘Viaj es y natural eza’) A chronicle first published in Antwerp, 1688, impor-

One of the best editions and certainly the most com- tant for the ¢ ore nctadoree Granada as its based on plete and scholarly Spanish version of the great Ger- longer available, including the papers of Juan de CasWales die Nouveau Continous frat on blishe din Paris. tellanos and Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada. Reaches

1808-1834. The fruit of lengthy and penetrating ob- Me year 1505. Piped ono 1688) w asa native o

servation, Humboldt’s work remains an indispensable of Panama , P e 4 y

source of information on almost every aspect of life in ; northern South America in the closing years of the 2885. Friede, Juan, ed. Documentos in-

colonial period. éditos para la historia de Colombia. Bo-

utis 1-2). . ,

2880. Mutis, José C. Diario de observa- gota, 1955 960. 7 V. lat ciones... 1760-1790. Bogota 1957- An important collection of documents relating to the

. - history of New Granada, 1509-1550, the majority

1958. 2 v. (Instituto Colombiano de Cul- from the Archivo General de Indias. A source for Ma muppanica. Coleccion José Celestino many aspects of Spanish colonization in New Granada.

The first volume of the distinguished Spanish botan- 2886. Otte, Enrique, ed. Cédulas reales ist’s Diario de observaciones. covering the years relativas a Venezuela, 15 00-15 50. Ca1760-1782 and narrating the details of his journey racas, 1963. xliv, 417 p. map, bibl.

270 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA A collection of royal decrees referring to Venezuela, crown, and contribution to the colonization of the area.

complementary to Otte’s cedularios. A source of original material, though the analysis. is . > . . ; marred by an obsessive concern to vindicate the Wel2887. Simon, Pedro. Noticias historiales de — sers.

las conquistas de Tierra Firme en las , Indias occidentales. Manuel José Forero, 2893. Ojer, Pablo. La formacion del Oriente ed. Bogota, 1953. 9 v. (Biblioteca de Venezolano. I. Creaci6n de las goberna-

autores colombianos 44—52). ciones. Caracas, 1966. xxxili, 618 p. bibl.

A substantial chronicle of the conquest and coloniza- (Universidad Catdélica ‘““Andrés Bello.” tion of New Granada and Venezuela up to the early Biblioteca de estudios universitarios 6). seventeenth century, a portion of which was first A basic and copiously documented history of the

published in 1627, by a Franciscan who was in New colonization and administration of eastern Venezuela Granada from 1604. A valuable source for, among in the sixteenth century, culminating in the jornadas of

other things, economic conditions, and Raleigh’s ex- Antonio de Berrio and the first English interest in pedition to Guayana. Guayana.

2888. Spain. Sovereigns. Charles I. Cedu- 2894. Robledo, Emilio. Vida del Mariscal larios de la monarquia espanola relativos Jorge Robledo. Bogoté, 1955. 508 p. a la provincia de Venezuela 1529-1552. (Biblioteca de autores colombianos 100). Estudio preliminar de Enrique Otte. Ca- An original contribution to the history of the conquest

racas, 1959. 2 v. illus. and colonization of New Granada through a biographi-

An exhaustive and well-edited collection of royal de- cal study of a conquistador who possessed uncharaccrees of all kinds (drawn from the British Museumand __ teristic virtues of toleration and humanitarianism, inthe Archivo General de Indias) concerning early Span- | Cludes background material on Indian life at the time

ish rule in Venezuela during the Welser period. Covers _of the conquest, and an appendix of documents.

conquest and settlement, defense, ecclesiastical ad-

ministration, and treasury matters. An important c. Law and Government

source, enhanced by a good editorial introduction. ;1. Sources

i. Secondary Works 2895. Bogota. Concejo. Cabildos de Santafé . , ~ de Bogota, cabeza del Nuevo 2889. Canilleros, Miguel Munoz de SanReino 8 ~ ; de Pedro. and H. Nectario Maria. El gober- Granada, 1538-1810. Ortega Ricaurte, nador maestre de campo Die oO Garcia Enrique, and Ana Rueda Briceno, eds. d Paredes fundador Pic Tesiillo de Bogota, 1957. 297 p. illus. (Publicaciones

V. la Madrid. 1957. 626 i del Archivo Nacional de Colombia 27). enezucia. Madnid, " P - NUS. F A collection of documents concerning the functions

A contribution to the history of the co onan Or and activities of the cabildo of Bogota, whose own Venezuela through the biography of a notable con- jitjros de cabildo have not survived. The material,

queror and governor. about half of which concerns the eighteenth century,

2890. Friede, Juan. Descubrimiento del deals with elections, land grants, economic activities, Nuevo Reino de Granada y fundacién de 24 other matters. Bogota, 1536-1539. Bogota, 1960. 342 p. 2896. Briceno Iragorry, Mario, ed. Origenes

illus., bibl. de la hacienda en Venezuela. Caracas,

A basic work on the discovery and conquest of New 1942.219 p.

Ea >) . . .

Granada, providing new information and testing the Treasury documents contained in the ‘‘Libro de acuerchroniclers on the basis of documentation from the do de los oficiales reales,” 1535-1607, illustrating

Archivo General de Indias. royal financial matters, the activities of the Welsers,

. . ai : s and early colonial administration in general. The com-

2891. Friede, Juan. Vida i. viajes de Nicolas pilation also includes the “Extracto del Libro Comtn Federman, conquistador, poblador y CO- vy General de la Intendencia de Ejército y Real Ha-

fundador de Bogota, 1506-1542. Bo- — cienda, 1777-1778.”

gota. [1960]. 290 p. illus. 2897. Caracas. Cabildo. Actas del cabildo

The complete and documented study of the Ger- decUaracas, Cc 1943-195].4 man most conqueror, his explorations, and subsequent € Caracas. FILLAN.

litigation in Europe, marred somewhat by the author’s The minutes of the meetings of the cabildo of Caracas,

concern to vindicate the colonizing role of the Ger- 1573-1619.

mans. 2898. Garcia Chuecos, Héctor, ed. Hacienda

2892. Friede, Juan. Los Welser en la con- colonial venezolana; contadores mayores quista de Venezuela. Caracas, 1961. 656 e intendentes de ejército y real hacienda.

p. illus., maps, bibl. Caracas, 1946. 170 p.

A substantial account of the Welsers in Venezuela, Fiscal documents, the majority of the seventeenth and

their jurisdiction, activities, litigation with the Spanish eighteenth centuries, with a useful historical introduc-

NEW GRANADA & VENEZUELA 27 | tion. eighteenth-century practice and the regional charac| . teristics of New Granada.

2899. New Granada (Viceroyalty). Audien- | . |

cia. Libro de acuerdos de la Audiencia 2906. Perez Ayala, Jose M. Antonio Caba-

Real del Nuevo Reino de Granada. _ llero y Gongora, virrey y arzobispo de

Bogota, 1947-1948. 2 v. illus. Santa Fe, 1723-1796. Bogota, 1951. 431

Audiencia documents of the years 1551-1567, cover- p. illus., bibl. ing all aspects of the audiencia’s administration. A full-scale history of the life and times of Caballero y Gongora, bishop of Mérida(1775—1778), archbishop

2900. Posada, Eduardo, and Pedro M. of Bogota (1778-1779), viceroy of New Granada

Ibanez, eds. Relaciones de mando: me- (1782-1789), andarchbishop of Cordoba (1788-1796). morias presentadas por los gobernantes An original contribution to the study of an important del Nuevo Reino de Granada. Bogota, administrator who held office in a critical period. In-

1910. 750 p. (Biblioteca de historia na- cludes an appendix oF documents. cional 8). 2907. Pierson, William W. La intendencia

A collection of the memorias presented by the vice- de Venezuela en el régimen colonial. roys of New Granada at the end of their term of of- BANH. (Caracas). t. 24, no. 95, jul.-set., fice. Important viceregal documents, preceded by one 1941: 259-275 (1729) of the President of the Audiencia of Bogota. An important study of the intendant system in Vene-

2901. Venezuela (Capitania General). Laws, zuela from its origin in 1776 to the end of the colonial

statutes, etc. Legislacién real sobre ha- regime, pointing to its administrative successes, its ‘end ? 1 - lonial economic failings, its centralizing tendencies, and its cienda para fas provincias Colomiales failure to identify itself with local interests.

venezolanas. Caracas, 1954-1955. 2 v. . | .

Comprises two substantial and important documents: 2908. Pikaza, Otto. Don Gabriel Jose de (1) regulations for the establishment of the intendant Zuloaga en la gobernacién de Venezuela. system in Venezuela, 1776; and (2) instructions for AEA. v. 19, 1962: 501-695. intendants in New Spain, 1786, which were also ap- Ay original monograph on the administration of Gov-

plied to Venezuela in 1787. ernor Zuloaga in Venezuela (1737-1747), covering its institutional, economic, military and ecclesiastical .ii.aspects and including valuable data on the conflict Secondary Works between the Caracas Company and creole producers

° > ° eye ° . la ep bibl. del senor oidor Juan Antonio Mon y

2902. Briceno Perozo, Mario. El contador and merchants. Appendix of documents.

Limonta. Caracas, 1961. 206 p. illus., 2909. Robledo, Emilio. Bosquejo biografico

A sound account of the fiscal administration of José Velarde, visitador de Antioquia, 1785Antonio de Limonta, treasury accountant in Caracas 1788. Bogota, 1954. 2 v. (Publicaciones

in the last decades of Spanish rule. del Banco de la Reptiblica. Archivo de

2903. Gabaldén Marquez, Joaquin. El mu- la economia nacional | 1-12).

nicipio, raiz de la reptblica. Caracas, 4 documented study of the life and work of an en-

1961. 136 p (Instituto Panamericano de lightened official, oidor of the Audiencia of Santa Fe

Geografia " fi ° Hie Historia. a C ‘sion de Hi in subsequently visitador ofinAntioquia reComision de1781, His- gent of the Audiencia of Quito 1789-1791.and An im-

toria. Comité de Origenes de la Emanci- portant source of information on the Bourbon reforms

pacion 12). of the late eighteenth century, focusing on the official

, , . .£c;0onem

A study of the development of municipal institutions !"Spection of the mining province of Antioquia.

in colonial Venezuela, with appendix of documents. LE

2904. Garcia Chuecos, Héctor. La Capi- y tania general de Venezuela: apuntes para 1. Sources

una exposicion del derecho politico co- 3910, Arcila Farias, Eduardo, ed. El real lonial venezolano. Caracas, 1945. 59 p. consulado de Caracas. Caracas, 1957.

An account of theand territorial of informative Venezuela before as a organization result of 955 the definite 2 Pp. . establishment of the Captaincy General in 1777. Basic Venezuelan documentation on the consulado of , ; Caracas, 1793-1821, preceded by a sound historical 2905. Ots Capdequi, José M. Instituciones | study; animportant source for the social and economic de gobierno del Nuevo de Documentos Granada Distory ofdel Venezuela in the late coronal period. See ssReino , also real consulado de Caracas. durante el siglo xvi. Bogota, 1950. 379 Ildefonso Leal, ed. Introd. por Eduardo Arcila Farias

(Caracas,study 1964of[Instituto de Estudios Histéricos]). Ap. documented Bourbon government in New .

Granada, which describes the main instruments of 2911. Arellano Moreno, Antonio, ed. Docuadministration, elucidating the particular features of mentos para la historia econdémica de

272 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA Venezuela. Caracas, 1961. 420 p. illus. An normative account of the Caracas Company, (Universidad Central de Venezuela, Which. through extensive use of Venezuelan sources . , : . and its considerable biographical data, supplements Instituto de Antropologia e Historia. the work of Hussey. More useful as a source of in-

Serie de fuentes historicas 2). formation than for analytical content.

Continues the compilation of sixteenth-century docu- . , . ments concerning the economic history of Venezuela. 2918. Arcila Farias, Eduar do. Comercio

entre Venezuela y México en los siglos

2912. Arellano Moreno, Antonio, ed. xvi y xvii. México, 1950. 324 p. maps, Fuentes para la historia econdmica de bibl. Venezuela, siglo xvi. Caracas, 1950. 223 An extensively documented monograph on Vene-

p. illus. zuela’s trade with Mexico in the sixteenth and seven-

_ , nies.

A compilation of documents for the economic history | teenth centuries, which constitutes one of the very few

of Venezuela in the sixteenth century. full-scale studies of trade between the Spanish colo-

2913. Informe del visitador real don Andrés ; , ,

Berdugo y Oquendo sobre el estado so- mane area Farias, pauarde- Economia cial y econémico de la poblacién in- corontal ae Venezuela. Mexico, 1946.

digena, blanca y mestiza de Ta provincias ee et eect Norah oosnom de Tunja y Velez a mediados del siglo structure and development of colonial Venezuela, with

xvill. ACHS. v. 1, 1963: 131-196. - emphasis on the eighteenth century. A difficult and

A valuable document on social classes and conditions rare accomplishment.

in mid-eighteenth-century New Granada by royal . ; —_

visitador Andrés Berdugo. 2920. Arcila Farias, Eduardo. El régimen 2914. Pérez Ramirez, César, ed. Docu- $6.8 encomienea en Venezuela, Sevilla,

mentos para la historia colonial de Vene- Hsp: An IDI. ie S. I a bh. zuela. Mensura y descripcién de los stones | 06) © sevilla. PUD

pueblos de indios situados en las PFO A basic history of the encomienda in Venezuela from vincias de Nueva Andalucia y Nueva its origins in the 1540’s to its suppression in 1721. As Bareerona . . . 1782-1784. Caracas, well as studying the author characteristic featuresaofuseful the in1946. 230 p. stitution in Venezuela, the frovides

A report on Indian communities by Luis de Chavez survey of Spanish settlement in the colony and an acy Mendoza, oidor of the Audiencia of Santo Domingo, count of landholding by Spaniards and Indians.

illuminating a conomie and so. graphy of the region with 4991, Arellano Moreno, Antonio. Origenes

; de la economia venezolana. México,

2915. Vargas, Pedro Fermin de. Pensamien- 1947. 502 p. maps, bibl.

tos politicos y memorias sobre la pobla- 4 substantial account of the economic history of cin del Nuevo Reino de Granada. colonial Venezuela that incorporates original material,

Bogota, 1953. 162 p. pays attention to economic thought, and provides a

A val ebla source for P study of economic condi- useful discussion of the causal connection between tions in New Granada in the last decades of the co- ©COnomic factors and independence. Appendix of lonial regime by a representative of the local enlight- documents.

enment. A contemporary account of agricultural, com- . ‘ . 7 mercial, and mining conditions, and accompanied here 2922. Brito F igueroa, Federico. La estr uc

by other documents concerning population, building, tura economica de Venezuela colonial.

and prices, 1739-1791. Caracas, 1963. 426 p. illus., maps, bibl.

. A Marxist interpretation of the economic structure

2916. Venezuela. Archivo General de la and development of colonial Venezuela by an anthroroses Encomiendas. Caracas, 1930- pologist. A scholarly work, with substantial treatment 1949. Sv. of agricultural development, though the author’s Documentation covering encomienda grants, the ac- _ ideology is basically rigid.

tivities of the encomenderos, and other aspects of labor from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries. 2923. Hussey, Roland D. The Caracas Com-

pany, 1728-1784: a study in the history .. of Spanish monopolistic trade., Camii. Secondary Works . (Hary bridge, Mass., 1934. 358 p. bibl.

2917. Amézaga Aresti, Vicente de. Hombres vard historical studies 37).

de la Compania guipuzcoana. Caracas, The basic work on the Caracas Company, its origins, 1963. xxvi. 395 p (Banco Central de ©'84!Zation, operation, and effects on the Venezuelan : ° Ly oo ? economy. Extensively documented, the book is a Venezuela. Coleccion historico-econo- major contribution to the history of Spanish colonial

mica venezolana 9). trade in the eighteenth century. There is a Spanish

NEW GRANADA & VENEZUELA 273 version, with a useful bibliographical study by Pedro A useful synthesis of the history of rebellions and Grases (Caracas, 1962. 384 p. [Coleccién histérico- opposition movements in eighteenth-century Vene-

economica venezolana 8 ]). zuela.

2924. Morales Padré6n, Francisco. Rebelion 2931. Jaramillo Uribe, Jaime. Esclavos y

cone a ompania de areas pov. seflores en la sociedad colombiana del p. Ulus., Maps, DIDI. (escuela siglo xvii. ACHS. v. 1, 1963: 3-62. de Estudios pspane a enicanos A valuable originalitsstudy of slavery eighteenthSevilla. Publicaciones 100). de century New and Granada, economic andinsocial signif-

A substantial narrative of the revolt of Juan Francisco cance, and its decline at the end of the century.

de Leon against the Caracas Company (1749-1752). 2932. King, James F. Negro slavery in New

2925. West, Robert C. Colonial placer min- Granada. /n Greater America. Essays ing in Colombia. Baton Rouge, 1952. 159 in honor of Herbert E. Bolton. p. 295-

p. illus., maps, bibl. (Louisiana State 318. . University studies. Social science series An important essay underlining the unique features

7) of Negro slavery in New Granada — involving work in

Ab ., d letel ‘sinal monograph on the mines rather than in agriculture — problems of supply,

sold-mining industry in ew Crana da a vering tech. and the social and economic conditions of the slaves.

nical operations, labor, mining settlements, trade, and 2933. Tejado Fernandez, Manuel. Aspectos transport. de la vida social en Cartagena de Indias

2926. Ybot, Antonio. Los trabajadores del Curante cEvciscrentos. Sevilla. eee 4. 345

rio Magdalena durante el siglo xvi: geo- nN 1D}. ed a Se ‘Ts u Publi; ISpano-

grafia hist6rica, economia, legislacién del a aint © yevilla. Publicaciones trabajo. Barcelona, 1933. 253 p. illus., A work that uses Inquisition records for material on

maps. — social life in seventeenth-century Cartagena, extract-

A documented study of communications between ing data from cases involving nonconformity of varioengin ane me caribbean€via the river Magdaena. An 1Sous kinds. a source of information than ntrioution economec and socila fi l 1 More of thuseful ocialasstructure.

tory of communications and to the study of the In- or ananysts economy, and administration of the province of Potosi

1911. 712 p. illus. a a by an energetic and controversial creole official. Es-

A valuable study of the distinguished Spanish scientist pecially informative on mining, the mita, fiscal matwho taught in Bogota from 1762, collected a group of _ ters, and the intendant system.

notable creole students, and initiated the vast botani- , , cal project known as the Expedicion botdnica for the 2946. Cobo, Bernabe. Obras. Estudio pre-

classification of all the South American flora north liminar y ed. del P. Francisco Mateos.

of the Equator. Contains much information and docu- Madrid, 1956. 2 v. (Biblioteca de autores mentation on the intellectual life of New Granada in espafioles 9 1-92) the second half of the eighteenth century. _ The Historia del Nuevo Mundo of the Spanish Jesuit, 2942. Leal, Ildefonso. Historia de la Uni- Cobo, is a distinguished work written in 1653 and versidad de Caracas 1721-1827. Cara- concerned effectively with Peru; a history rather than a first-hand chronicle, but properly handled it yields cas, 1963. 430 Pp. Maps. (Universidad useful information on the conquest and colonization contra Palciones de Asociales Biduoteca of Peru is valuable accountofofPeru. the geogo1eccion Ciencias 8).15. raphy, theand resources, andfor theitspeoples This A well-documented history of the University of edition of Cobo’s works also includes his Fundacion Caracas in the eighteenth and early nineteenth cen- de Lima, an account of the foundation and developturies, covering its origins, syllabus, organization, ment of Lima to the first half of the seventeenth censocial significance, and its reform by the early repub- tury.

lican government. 2947. Descripcion del virreinato del Pert 2943. Porras Troconis, Gabriel. Historia de Cronica inédita de comienzos del siglo la cultura en el Nuevo Reino de Granada. xvil. Boleslao Lewin, ed. Rosario, ArSevilla, 1952. 555 p. (Escuela de Estu- —_ gentina, 1958. 140 p. (Universidad Nadios Hispano-Americanos de Sevilla. — cional del Litoral. Instituto de Investi-

Publicaciones 68). gaciones Histéricas. Colecci6én de textos

Quito, PERU, UPPER PERU 275 y documentos, Serie B, 1). ii. Secondary Works A vivid description of aLima, Peru, and other Hi ad South America by an Iberian Jew, businessman, 2253. Crespo Rodas,parts Alberto.of Historia de

writing in Holland in 1637 with the apparent intention la ciudad de la Paz; siglo xvu. Lima, of promoting a Dutch attack. An independent piece 1961. 211 p. illus.

; AS Pp

of observation, with valuable details on social struc- A history of La Paz, virtually of Upper Peru, in the ture, economic life, and the commerce of Lima, with seventeenth century; a very useful source of original

2948. Jiménez de la Espada, Marcos, ed. 2954. Hanke, Lewis. La villa imperial de Relaciones geograficas de Indias. Peru. Potosi: un capitulo inédito en la historia Madrid, 1965. 3 v. (Biblioteca de autores del Nuevo Mundo. Sucre, 1954. 81 p.

espanoles, 183-185). bibl. (Biblioteca ‘‘Universidad de San

A second edition of the volumes of the Relaciones Francisco Xavier.” Serie historiografica geograficas referring to Peru (including Quito and 7) Charcas) first published by Jiménez de la Espada in 1methods and sources for the ~ ; “he A valuable study of the rr s the vente 1548-1585 hee portene ene history of colonial Potosi, with basic bibliographical “richest sources of information regarding both Span- mae an English version was published at the Hague

ish and Indian communities in the New World before mm " Rloes (C. H. eis See howard mT Sion” sane 2955.Indies, Mendiburu, Manuelhi de.2Diccionario elaciones geograficas the 341-374. Spanish - otheian , 2. ed. 1586,” HAHR. v. 44, Aug,,of 1964: historico biografico del Peru. oo Lima, 1931-1935. 11 v. 2949. Mercurio Peruano de historia, litera- A scholarly, though not uniformly accurate, dictionary tura y noticias publicas que da a luz la_ of biography of colonial Peru, first published in 1878. Sociedad Académica de Amantes de _ [n this edition Evaristo San Cristoval provides four

Lima, y en su nombre d. Jacinto Calero YlUmes of additional material. . a y Moreira. Lima, 1791-1795. 12 v. 2956. Vargas Ugarte, Rubén. Historia del

The celebrated periodical, published twice weekly by Pert; virreinato. Lima, 1949-1957. 4 v. the Sociedad Académica de Amantes de Lima in the map

years 1791-1795. A valuable source for the study of 4 narrative history of colonial Peru, traditional in the Enlightenment in Peru and for contemporary his- method, informative in content. The emphasis is on

tory, cuture, ane oon an tons: political and administrative history; contains original

(Lima. 1861. 9 v.) , ‘ material and useful bibliographical data.

2950. Salinas y Cordoba, Buenaventura de. b. Conquest and Colonization

Memorial de las historias del nuevo i. Sources

mundo Piru: con introduccion de Luis 3957. Cal de Estrell C. Rebelic E. Valcarcel y un estudio sobre el autor le pis vete de Ss as Juan de D. p. dro de Warren L. Cook. Lima, 1957. Ixxix, G a Lb “A Pas a MM 13 Ma.

358 p. illus. (Coleccién Clasicos perua- asca. bub. por “A. raz y Mena. Nlanos 1). drid, 1889. 2 v. (Coleccion de escritores A chronicle first published in Lima, 1630, by a Fran- castellanos 70, 76).

ciscan friar, a native of Lima. Contains valuable de- 4 work written at the end of the sixteenth century by a

scriptions of contemporary Lima, with data on contemporary of Pedro Gasca; a valuable source for economic and social life, and on creoles and Indians, his life and for the history of the conquest of Peru.

othetien the author’s attitude is distinctly sym- 2958. Cieza de Leén, Pedro de. Guerras

civiles del Peru. M. Jiménez de la Es2951. Santa Cruz y Espejo, Francisco J. E. pada, ed. Madrid, 1877-1881. 2 v.

Escritos. Quito, 1912-1923. 3 v. An account of the civil wars in Peru by the greatest —

The principal works, accompanied by documentation, and probably most reliable —of all the Spanish chroniof the radical mestizo doctor and lawyer (1747-1795) _clers of sixteenth-century Peru, and the author of two who was eventually imprisoned for subversion, with a distinguished works on Inca society. V. 1 comprises

study of his life and work. Includes a reprint of the the Guerra de las Salinas; v.2,the Guerra de Chupas. Primicias de la cultura de Quito, a periodical edited Completed by the same chronicler’s Guerras civiles by Espejo in 1792 for the Quito Economic Society. de! Peru. Guerra de Quito (Madrid, 1877. cxix, 176,

3952. Uns Joséjose Hipoli Ob _ 120 p. [Biblioteca Hispano-ultramarina 2]). . Unanue, Hipolito. ras cienti-

ficas y literarias. Barcelona, 1914. 3 v. 2 core Stelle Tees OC. ea arkness

A selection of the works of the distinguished creole nil I yO Ongress.

scholar, representative of the Enlightenment in Peru Documents from early Peru: the Piin its reforming and nonrevolutionary aspects. zarros and the Almagros, 1531-1578.

276 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA Washington, 1936. 253 p. del Peru, 1524-1543. Lima, 1959. 549

the factions. -_ ,*

An annotated selection of documents, in translation, p. (Coleccién de documentos inéditos relating primarily to the civil war and illustrating also . . , the rule of Gonzalo Pizarro and the family history of para la historia del Peru 3). ;

é A basic collection of sources for the history of the conquest of Peru and the first civil war, containing a mass

2960. Fernandez de Palencia, Diego. Pri- of contemporary letters and other documents, premera y segunda parte de la Historia del faced by a valuable appraisal by the editor.

Peru. Juan Pérez de Tudela Bueso, ed. 2966. Porras Barrenechea, Rail, ed. Cedu-

Madrid, 1963. 2 v. (Biblioteca de au- lario del Peru, siglo xvi, xvii, y xviii.

tores espanoles 164-165). . Lima, 1944-1948. 2 v. (Coleccién de

A chronicle written in his old age (1571) by a Spanish documentos inéditos para la historia del soldier who had arrived in Peru in 1553; only the Perti 1-2)

second part of the chronicle is his own work, the first eru : f hj f

part being copied from an account written by Pedro “4” important source for the history of the conquest

de la Gasca. of Peru, comprising (in volume 1!) royal decrees of 2961. Garcés G A. ed. Col 6nd the years 1529-1538. documentos inediios relativos al adelan. 2967. Trujillo, Diego de. Relacion del des-

a_i:', wes cubrimiento del reyno delSevilla, Pert. Ed. de tado capitan don Sebastian de BenalcaRai; ; aul Porras Barrenechea. 1948. zar, 1535-1565. Quito, 1936. 590, liii or

del Archivo Municipal 124 p. (Publicaciones de la Escuela de 8)(Publicaciones P Estudios Hispano-Americanos de Se-

Substantial documentation on a conquistador and the villa 4 8). .

historical background A chronicle of the conquest of Peru covering the pe-

; , riod 1530-1571, written by a conquistador in his old

2962. Gutiérrez de Santa Clara, Pedro. His- age (1571).

toria de las guerras civiles del Pert, 0968. Urteaga, Horacio H., ed. Los cronistas

1544-1548, y de otros sucesos de las de la conquista. Paris, 1938. 331 p.

Indias. Madrid, 1904-1929. 6 v. illus. (Biblioteca de cultura peruana, primera (Coleccién de libros y documentos re- serie 2). ferentes a la historia de América). Comprises Francisco de Xerez’s Verdadera relacion

A valuable though wordy chronicle of the civil wars de la conquista del Perti, a detailed and objective in Peru, written ca. 1595-1603 by a soldier who was chronicle by a secretary of Pizarro, first published in an eye-witness. One of the most vivid chronicles of Seville, 1534; Pedro Sancho de la Hoz’s Relacién, the conquest, which perhaps sacrifices accuracy to first published 1534; and Miguel de Estete’s interest-

color. ing chronicle, based on his own direct observation,

. . . title Noticia del Peri. miento y conquista de los ; ddesPeri. Lima, 1917. 213 p. (Coleccién de 2969. Zarate,reinos Agustin de. del Historia; del

2963. Pizarro, Pedro. Relacién del descubri- "St published in 1535 and here reproduced under the

libros y documentos referentes a la his- cubrimiento y conquista del Peru.

toria del Pert 6). Dorothy McMahon, ed. B.A., 1965. A chronicle written in 1571 by a conquistador and lvl, 185 p. (Publicaciones Americana settler, a cousin of Francisco Pizarro. Concentrates 106).

on the military exploits of the Spaniards; the frank- A notable chronicle, first published in Antwerp, 1555, ness of its language makes it one of the few sixteenth- by an eye-witness of many of the events described, century chronicles that conveys an impression of the an official in Peru who was also involved in the civil

real character of a conquistador. wars, 1544-1545. 2964. Polo de Ondegardo, Juan. Informa- ii. Secondary Works

ciones acerca de la religion y gobierno oo de los Incas. Lima, 1916-1917. 2 v. 2970. Ballesteros Gaibrois, Manuel. Des-

(Coleccién de libros y documentos re- cubrimiento y conquista del Peru, Barce-

ferentes a la historia del Pert, 3—4). lona, 1963. 483 p. illus., maps, bibl.

The author was a soldier and official in Peru, an ad- (Historia de América y de los pueblos

viser of Toledo, and like the viceroy concerned to dem- americanos 9). onstrate the legitimacy of Spanish sovereignty Over One of the few modern works of synthesis on the the Indians, though only by reform of abuses of co- conquest of Peru, 1524-1542; generally sound and lonial rule. Present work includes three treatises based ona scholarly bibliography. written in 1559, 1561, and 1571, arguing against per-

petual encomiendas, confiscation of Inca lands, and 2971. Finot, Enrique. Historia de la con-

excessive tribute. quista del oriente boliviano. B.A., 1939.

2965. Porras Barrenechea, Raul, ed. Cartas 401 p.

QUITO, PERU, UPPER PERU 277 A narrative account of the conquest and early colon- administration than the memoria itself, has been re-

ization of the territory of Mojos and Chiquitos. produced in the RCHG (no. 117, enero-jun., 1951:

; ; 42-64). For an appraisal of the memoria see Guillermo

2972. Garcia Rodriguez, Casiano. Vida de Lohmann Villena, “La memoria de gobierno de D. D. Crist6bal Vaca de Castro, presidente tan GO fama y Junyent,” RCHG no. 127, enero-

y gobernador del Pert. Madrid, 1957. J030 °7?*: _ . 297 p. illus. 2978. Barriga, Victor M. Memorias para la

A copiously documented study of this notable jurist historia de Arequipa. Relaciones de la (1492 1572), his role in the conflict between Almagro visita _realizada por el gobernador-in-

and Fizarro, ane his activities in Peru. tendente don Antonio Alvarez y Jimé-

2973. Jijon y Caamanio, Jacinto. Sebastian nez. Arequipa, 1946-1948. 2 v. (Bibliode Benalcazar. Quito, 1936-1938. 2 v. teca Arequipa 5).

illus. Reports of an intendant on the society and economy of

A biographical study of a conquistador that provides Pei and on its administration, in the years a history of the conquest of Quito. The second volume 1790-1796.

consists ans documents, including the Relacidn of 2979. Cuenca, Ecuador. Cabildo. Libro

soya. primero de Cabildos de la ciudad de

2974. Porras Barrenechea, Rail. Los cronis- Cuenca, 1557-1563. Quito, 1938. xxix, tas del Pert, 1528-1650. Lima, 1962. 474 p. illus. (Publicaciones del Archivo

440 p. bibl. Municipal 16).

A masterly study of the narrative sources for the Minutes of the meetings of the cabildo of Cuenca conquest and colonization of Peru, which is itself a from the foundation of the city in 1557 to 1563.

contribution to the history of the subject. Incorporates . material published in an earlier study, Las relaciones 2980. Fuentes, Manuel A., ed. Memorias de

p.). Peru... Lima, 1859. 6 v. one - 4! Comprises the memorias or relaciones of viceroys

primitivas de la conquista del Peri (Paris, 1937. 106 los _vureyes que han gobernado el

2975. Prescott, William H. History of the Montesclaros, Esquilache, Castellar, Lifan y Cisconquest of Peru. 3. ed. London, 1848. neros, Palata, Castelfuerte, Villagarcia, Superunda,

2 Vv. Amat, Croix, and Gil de Taboada. The standard of

A classic narrative history, a landmark when it first ©4!ting 1s low, and where there are more recent ediappeared in 1847, and a source of profit and pleasure tions of individual memorias these are to be preferred.

to There are numerous editions subsequent 2981. G Jorge A., ed. tothis theday. one cited. For a modern evaluation ofGarcés Prescott a res ereColeccién ae . . de

and his work see HAHR V. 39, Feb., 1959. cédulas reales dirigidas a la audiencia de

; Quito, 1538-1600. Quito, 1935. 615 p.

2976. Trimborn, Hermann. Pascual de (Publicaciones del Archivo Municipal Andagoya: ein Mensch erlebt die Con- 9), quista. Hamburg, 1954. 315 p. illus., A compilation of royal decrees directed to the Au-

maps, bibl. (Universitat Hamburg. Ab- diencia of Quito in the sixteenth century, a source for handlungen aus dem Gebiet der Aus- the history of the audiencia and of general administra-

landskunde 59). .

tion in Quito.

A scholarly biographical studychronicler of Andagoya, soldier: 2982. Ibarra, Ecuador. administrator, and in Lierra Firme an Cabildo. : . . Libro

Peru, followed by an edition of his Relacién (1540- Miguel se Fav dOs “fo 6 ars de San 1541), an important though not completely reliable iguel de arra, 10 . Quito, source for the activities of Pedrarias Davila. 1937. 609 p. (Publicaciones del Archivo Municipal 15).

c. Law and Government Minutes of the meetings of the cabildo of San Miguel

§ de Ibarratoinopen theayears its foundation in 1606 1. Sources short following route from Quito to Panama.

2977. Amat y Junient, Manuel de. Memoria 2983. Lima. Cabildo. Libros de cabildos de

de gobierno. Ed. de Vicente Rodriguez Lima. Lima, 1935-1962. 20 v.

Casado y Florentino Perez Embid. Se- Minutes of the’meetings of the cabildo of Lima, 1534villa,yes 1947. p. illus., maps 1627. A substantial source for the historyof of indexes municipal ‘ :cxii, r - 845 administration. There is an elaborate series (Publicaciones de la Escuela de Estudios to the first fifteen published volumes: Libros de cabil-

Hispano-Americanos de Sevilla 2 1). dos de Lima. Indices, aos 1535-1601. Sophy E.

The memoria of Amat concerning his viceregal ad- Schofield, ed. (Lima, 1946. Ixiv, 818 p.); and Indices, ministration in Peru, 1761-1776, with a substantial gfos 1602-1609 (Lima, 1948. 232 p.).

introduction by the editors. The prologue of the memoria, which is rather more critical of colonial 2984. Moreyra y Paz-Soldan, Manuel, and

278 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA Guillermo Céspedes del Castillo, eds. in its chronology and in its treatment of the subject, Colecci6n de cartas de virreyes: Conde ut useful as a source of information. An appendix

de la Monclova. Lima, 1954-1955, 3 v. documents. . (Virreinato peruano 1-3). 2991. Lohmann Villena, Guillermo. El conde

Viceregal correspondence; the first unit of a series de Lemos, virrey del Peri. Madrid, 1946. planned for the whole of the eighveent century. som 472 p. illus., bibl. (Publicaciones de la

prises the correspondence of the Conde de Monclova, viceroy of Peru 1689-1705, and other documentation, Escuela g c oy Hispano-Ameri the whole dealing with viceregal administration. A canos de Sevilla 23).

major source, enhanced by three valuable studies by AM Original study of a seventeenth-century viceroy the editors. and his administration (1667-1672), which contributes _ | - to an understanding of the office of viceroy as well 2985. Peru (Viceroyalty). Coleccién de las as of the policy and problems of Lemos. The appendix

memorias o relaciones que escribieron of documents includes material on economic and solos Virreyes del Pert acerca del estado ©!4! Conditions in Peru at the time.

en que dejaban las cosas generales del 2992. Lohmann Villena, Guillermo. El coreino. [Beltran u Rozpide, Ricardo, and _rregidor de indios en el Pert’ bajo los Angel de Altolaguirre, eds.] Madrid, = Austrias. Madrid, 1957. 627 p. bibl. 1921-1930. 2 v. Biblioteca e historia A fine work of scholarship on the office of corregidor

hispano-americana). de indios (as distinct from corregidor de espafioles)

Comprises the memorias or relaciones of viceroys 1 Peru in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.

Toledo, Salinas, Montesclaros, Esquilache, Guadal- A key study of Spanish colonial government at the cAzar, Chinchén, Mancera, Salvatierra, and Alba y _ Pasic level of local administration, which sheds new

Liste. light on Spanish policy toward the Indians at the ; point where it was actually implemented. At the level

2986. Peru (Viceroyalty). Relaciones de los _ of institutional history the work is authoritative; it also virreyes y audiencias que han governado attempts to assess the role of the corregidor in the so-

el Peru. Sebastian Lorente, ed. Lima— “14! 2nd economic life of Peru.

Madrid, 1867-1872. 3 v. 2993. Lohmann Villena, Guillermo. Las re-

The selection of material differs somewhat from that laciones de los virreyes del Pert. Seond unachaiarly ake its predecessor it 1s a defective villa, 1959. 218 p. (Publicaciones de la

. ; , Escuela de Estudios Hispano-Ameri-

2987. Quito. Cabildo. Libros de cabildos canos de Sevilla 129).

de la ciudad de Quito. Quito, 1934-1960. A scholarly examination of the relaciones (situation 26 v. (Publicaciones del Archive Muni- reports made by viceroys for their successors) of the

cipal). viceroys of Peru as historical sources. A valuable

Minutes of the meetings of the cabildo of Quito, 1534- Study of the sources and methods of viceregal history,

kind. of the relaciones.

1646, one of the most substantial collections of its intended as a preliminary to the eventual publication

2988. Rumazo Gonzalez, José, ed. Docu- 2994. Mendoza L., Gunnar. El doctor don

mentos para la historia de la Audiencia Pedro Vicente Canete y su Historia

de Quito. Madrid, 1948. 9 v. illus., maps. fisica y politica de Potosi. Sucre, 1954. A substantial collection of documents for the history 140 p. bibl.

of the Audiencia of Quito, and in effect for adminis- A study of an ultraloyal creole administrator in Upper

tration in the area, from 1621. Peru in the late colonial period, the author of an important treatise on Potosi. Contains useful biblio-

ii. Secondary Works graphical data.

, . ; 2995. Moore, John P. The cabildo in Peru

2: Cespedes ae rarwpehs eer mo. under the Bourbons: a study in the devena en el s Ic a =. AHDE hes cline and resurgence of local govern1953: 329-369 ~ O XVIII. » Vv. £9, ment in the Audiencia of Lima, 1700-

, , 1824. Durham, N.C., 1966. 275 p. illus., 1773-1785. Maps, DIDI. aa |

An account of Bourbon financial reform in Peru, bibl

; Continues the history of the cabildo in Peru, with 2990. Deustua Pimentel, Carlos. Las in-_ original evidence drawn from numerous archives: tendencias en el Pert. 1790-1796. Se-_ Studies its social and economic role, finances, politi-

. a . cal functions, position under the intendant system,

la Escuela de Estudios Hispano-Americanos de Sevilla 159). 2996. Moore, John P. The cabildo in Peru villa, 1965. 263 Pp. bibl. (Publicaciones de and response to the post-1808 liberal regime in Spain.

An account of the intendant system in Peru, limited under the Habsburgs: a study in the ori-

Quito, PERU, UPPER PERU 279 gins and powers of the town council in 194]. 248 p. illus., maps. the Viceroyalty of Peru, 1530-1700. Documents illustrating the origin of landownership, Durham. N.C.. 1954. 309 p. illus., maps water and grazing rights, and municipal and Indian

10]. . onization of Quito. An original study of the history of the cabildo in Peru . . to the end of the Habsburg regime, covering its or- 3002. Lima. Consulado. Cuaderno de juntas,

bibl 9 oo " ”? > communal lands, during the sixteenth-century col-

ganization, functions, and performance, based pri- 1706-1720. Direccion prologo y notas

marily on Spanish American sources. de M. Moreyra Paz Soldan. Lima, 19562997. Palacio Atard, Vicente. Areche y 1959. 2 v. (Documentos para la historia Guirior. Observaciones sobre el fracaso economica del virreinato peruano 1-2). de una Pert. Sevilla, 1946. 106 TheMinisterio records of the consulado of Limayfrom the Ar. . .visita . __alchivo Historico del de Hacienda ComerPp. f lus., bibl. (P ublicaciones de la Es cio. The documentation takes the form of minutes of cucla de Estudios Hispano-Americanos the consulado’s assemblies, which are extant, with

de Sevilla 30). gaps, for the period 1706-1805. The present two vol-

A study of the visita of José Antonio de Areche in umes cover the period 1706-1727 and constitute an Peru (1777-1782), of Areche’s conflict with Viceroy important source for the economic history of colonial Guirior, and of the administrative and economic re- Peru.

forms following the visita, — Oo 3003. Loayza, Francisco A., ed. Preliminares 2998. Varallanos, José. Legislacion indiana del incendio: documentos del ano de

republicana. Lima, 1947.142p. 1776 a 1780. Lima, 1947. 158 p. illus.

A compilation of all laws and decrees and of judicial (Los pequefios grandes libros de historia and Peruvian In-oer. : S 1,| 13) dians administrative and Indian villages.case-law In spite ofconcerning its title it contains americana. Vv. yO

much material on Indian legislation, castes, and racial 4 collection of documents on the origins and outbreak discrimination in the colonial period. Fora specialized Of the rebellion of Tupac Amaru, including the disstudy of Indian law, castes, and discrimination under turbances in Arequipa.

colonial see the same author's ElCronica derecho in- 3994, Pablo. Instrucciones diano rule a través de Nueva y suMacera, influencia en la , . ,para el

vida social peruana(Lima, 1946. 184 p.). Manejo | de las haciendas jesuitas del Pert, siglos xvii-xvill. Lima, 1966. 127

d. Economy p. bibl. (Universidad de San Marcos.

Departamento de Historia. Nueva i. Sources Cronica 2). A collection of documents concerning the manage-

° . ‘ _ ment and condition of a group of Jesuit sugar ha-

20°. Agia, deer ° ° ervidumbres etre ciendas in coastal and highland Peru from the late nales de indios. 1 ratado que conuuene Wes seventeenth century to the expulsion in 1767-1768,

pareceres graves en derecho. Ed. de F. prefaced by an important and original study of the Javier de Ayala. Sevilla, 1946. li, 141 agrarian economy of the Jesuits in colonial Peru.

p. (Publicaciones de la Escuela de Es- 3005. Mendoza L., Gunnar, ed. Guerra civil

tudios Hispano-Americanos de Sevilla entre vascongados y otras naciones de 25). a Potosi: documentos del Archivo NaFirst published in Lima, 1604, this commentary by a cional de Bolivia. 1622-1641. Potosi

friar on royal affecting 1955. 77deCladcoleccion de | ; | -2 legal (1563-1604) status of the Indians is alegislation valuable source for p.the (Cuadernos

Indian history. de la cultura boliviana 5). A catalog of documents, with extracts, concerning

3000. Capoche, Luis. Relacion general de la __ the conflict between Basques and other Spaniards in Villa Imperial de Potosi. Ed. por Lewis colonial Potosi, with a brief introduction.

Hanke. Madrid, 1959. 260 p. illus. 3006. Peru (Viceroyalty). Las minas de (Biblioteca de autores espafioles 122). Zamora: version de Jorge A. Garcés G. A detailed and vivid account of Potosi its siver re; Cuentas de la Real Hacienda, 1561economic conditions in the sixteenth century, written 15 65. Quito, 195 7. 416 Pp. illus. (Publicaby a successful miner in 1585. Scholarly introduc- ciones del Archivo Municipal 27).

tion by the editor. The register of the revenues derived by the crown

from the gold mines of Zamora, an Andes mining

eT, ” ? production of the mines. proveimientos de tierras, cuadras, so- . lares, aguas, etc., por los cabildos de la 3007. René-Moreno, Gabriel. La mita de

3001. Garcés G Jorge A. ed. Libro de center, constituting a useful source for assessing the

ciudad de Quito, 1583-1594. Quito, Potosi en 1795. Ed. Guillermo Ovando-

280 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA Sanz. Potosi, 1959. 74 p. (Universidad 3014. Cobb, Gwendolin B. Potosi, a South

Tomas Frias. Instituto de Investiga- American mining frontier. Jn Greater ciones_ Historicas. Serie 3, Mineria, America: essays in honor of Herbert E.

Mita. Cuaderno 1). Bolton. Berkeley, 1945. p. 39-58.

Reproduces Reneé-Moreno’s documentation of the An original study of the social and economic life of Potosi mita in the later eighteenth century, first pub- colonial Potosi, covering problems of supply, Indians, lished in 1877; to this the editor has added seven fur- _ labor, prices, technical operations, and administration.

ther documents, the whole constituting a valuable For further elucidation of certain problems, see the

source on mine labor. same author’s “Supply and transportation for the

3008. Vargas Ugarte, Rubén, ed. Informe Potosi mines, 25-45, 1545-1640,” HAHR, v. 29, Feb., 1949:

del Tribunal del Consulado de Lima, ae 1790. RHL. t. 22, 1955-1956 [1958]: 3015. Crespo Rodas, Alberto. La “‘mita’’ de

766-310. Potosi. RHL. v. 22, 1955-1956: 169-

An important report by the consulado of Lima on the 182. oo. ee

economic situation of Peru, ca. 1790, and on the re- An account of the Potosi mita;, though brief, it is a sults of comercio libre; includes quantitative data on notably clear synthesis of a complex subject, based in

Peruvian commerce. part on original material.

a 3016. Helmer, Marie. Le Callao, 1615-

iu. Secondary Works 1618. Jahrbuch fur Geschichte von Staat, 3009. Bancora Canero, Carmen. Las re- Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Latein-

" d tal > oe i de el amerikas (Koln). Band 2, 1965: 145-195.

mesas de meta ES preciOsos esde el An important study that assesses quantitatively the

Callao a Espana en la primera mitad del commercial activity of Callao, and through it of Lima, siglo xvi. RI. v. 19, no. 75, 1959: 35-88. at the beginning of the seventeenth century. Based on An original contribution to the economic history of documentation in the Archivo Historico del Miniscolonial Peru, dealing with the productivity of the terio de Hacienda y Comercio, Lima, which gives the mines, the remittances therefrom and their fluctua- _ lists of vessels entering and leaving Callao during the

tions, and adjacent problems of mercury supplies, period.

taxation, and transport. - 3017. Jara, Alvaro. La produccién de meL. no. 8, 1937: 325-364. | . BUCH. no. 44, 1963: 58-64.

3010. Basadre, Jorge. El regimen de la mita. tales preciosas en el Pert en el siglo xvi.

A useful general survey of the mita system in Peru. A brief but important statement of the sources and

, , . methods for a quantitative study of gold and silver

3011. Belaunde Guinassi, . Manuel. La en- mining production in Peru, 1531-1545, with an indicacomienda en el Peru. Lima, 1945. 259 p. tion of the first results obtained from the author’s vast

bibl. (Biblioteca Mercurio Peruano). research on the subject.

A scholarly monograph that studies the characteristic A . features of the encomienda in Peru as compared with 3 018. Lohmann Villena, Guillermo. Las the institution in the Antilles and Mexico, its origin minas de Huancavelica en los Ssiglos Xvi and development via the New Laws, and the pacifica- y xvi. Sevilla, 1949. 465 p. illus., maps,

tion of Peru and its effects on the social, economic, bibl. (Publicaciones de la Escuela de oh ered. life of the colony to the end of the Span- Estudios Hispano-Americanos de Sevilla SO).

3012. Burzio, Humberto F. La ceca de la ay important and original work on the Huancavelica villa imperial de Potosi y la moneda _ mercury mine from its discovery by the Spaniards in colonial. B.A.. 1945. 297 p. illus., bibl 1563 to the end of the seventeenth century. A contri(Buenos : Ai ?AITES. U . id hiversida d N . L bution theaseconomic socialofhistory colonial acional.toperu well as to and the history miningof technology.

Publicaciones del Instituto de Investiga- ; ; |

ciones Histo6ricas 88). 3019. Perez Tamayo, Aquiles R. Las mitas

A numismatic study that includes a documented ac- en la Real Audiencia de Quito. Quito, count of the Potosi mint, its methods and issues. Ap- 1947. 536 p. bibl.

pendix of documents. A documented account of the mita system in the ter-

3013. Burzio, Humberto F. La ceca de Lima, nitory of Quito, its functions and especially its abuses,

1565-1824. Madrid. 182of illus and its economic environment. More as a ; eee ? . Pp. ‘> 1958. source information than as a piece of valuable historical bibl. (Fabrica Nacional de Moneda y analysis, for the interpretation is somewhat tenden-

Timbre. Numismiatica 5). tious.

A study of the foundation of the mint in Lima, its ad- 3999 Rodriguez Vicente. Maria E. El Tri-

ministration and methods, and its issues. Provides b ° id mC lad d Li ° . catalogs of colonial gold and silver coins, and an ap- unal dei Consulado de Lima en ia pri-

pendix of documents. mera mitad del siglo xvii. Madrid, 1960.

QUITO, PERU, UPPER PERU 281 443 p. illus., bibl. present volumes, edited with much scholarship, cover

A basic study of the consulado of Lima in the first half the period 1525-1585.

of the seventeenth century, based on documentationin 3996. Liss6n Chaves. Emilio. ed. La iglesia the Archivo General de Indias. A contribution to the ° ~ >, are. 8 history of colonial commerce and also to a study of the de Espana enel Peru. Coleccion de documerchant class in Peru. mentos para la historia de la iglesia en el

, , er Peru. Sevilla, 1943-1947. 4 v.

3021. Vargas, Jose M. La economia politica A valuable documentary compilation covering the

oeistorico. baa, Or quran coon. 1501-1619 andalso including only purely eccleQuito, . p.Esquema siasticalyears documents but thosenot referring to educa-

A survey of the colonial economy, weighted on the _ tion, race, and other matters of concern to the church.

sixteenth century, and confined to Quito and the Preceded by a useful catalog of documents in the

sierra. The author is not a specialist in economic his- Archivo General de Indias, Seville, for the history tory and the work suffers from lack of economic anal- of the church in Peru, 1522-1824.

ysis. But it is useful as a source of information, es- , wy:

pecially on encomienda, mining, and manufacture, 3027. Vargas Ugarte, Ruben, ed. Concilios much of it derived from the Actas of the cabildo of limenses, 1551-1772. Lima, 1951-1954.

Quito and the Relaciones geograficas of 1573. 3.

3022. Whitaker, Arthur P. The Huancave- An important source for the ecclesiastical history of i;ica-Mercury buti hmine: Peru, consisting of a Contribution to theof the conciliar Lima councilsdocumentation and other material). V.(acts 3 also inhistory of the Bourbon renaissance inthe cludes an account by the editor of the organization. Spanish empire. Cambridge, Mass., 1941. meetings and historical context of the six ecclesiastical

150 p. map bibl. councils held in Lima, 1551-1772.

A valuable monograph on the Huancavelica mercury

mine in the last century of Spanish rule, covering the li. Secondary Works

stagnation, recovery, and ultimate collapse of the mine. . 3028. Armas Medina, Fernando de. Crise. Religion tianizacion del Pert, 1532-1600. Sevilla, i. Sources 1953. 635 p.ciones illus., maps, bibl. (Publicade la Escuela de Estudios His-

3023. Arriaga, Pablo J. de. La extirpacién pano-Americanos de Sevilla 75).

de la idolotria en el PerGd. Ed. de Horacio of. events. 3042. Esuj LuisA. A.IStOrla Historiade de ia la UNlUni . . Lgurguren, LUIS

30. Vargas Barre up en ea oe ac la versidad en el siglo xvi. Lima, 1951. 2 v.

4US. esia en Peru.San Lima,Marcos. “JV. illus. bibl. (Universidad Nacional Mayor | 4.ef de Publicaciones del cuarto

A comprehensive basic material. history of The the church in t 0) Peru, containing and original first four vol- cen enario). umes cover the period to 1800. An exhaustive history of the University of San Marcos in the sixteenth century, its origins, curriculum,

f .5Society economy, administration, scholarshfp, religious life, and Indian policy. The second volume consists of documents and contains the texts of the various con-

3036. Crespo Rodas, Alberto. La guerra _ stitutions and many other papers.

eos oars vase Teno Potosi, 3043. Lohmann Villena, Guillermo. El arte

~ - Lima, Pp. dramatico en Lima durante el virreinato.

A documented account of that socialunderlines, conflict in sevenMadrid. 647DIDI. p. bibl.AT (Publicaciones teenth-century Potosi among other1945. ? ° P. things, the antagonism between the traditional settlers de la Escuela de Estudios Hispano-Ameand new and economically active immigrants from ricanos de Sevilla 12).

northern Spain. An exhaustive history, based largely on archival

3037. Harth-Terré, Emilio, and Alberto jest ofits kind for any part of Spanish America,

Marquez Abanto. Perspectiva social y ;

econ6mica del artesano virreinalen Lima. 3044. Mesa, Jose de, and Teresa Gisbert.

Lima, 1963. 96 p. Holguin y la pintura altoperuana del vi-

A valuable account, based on extensive documenta- rreinato. La Paz, 1956. 321 p. illus. (Bition, of the social and economic conditions of artisans blioteca pacenia. Serie arte y artistas).

in Lima, including Negroes, Indians, and mixed A scholarly history of painting in Upper Peru, under-

classes. lining the work of its best representative, Melchor

3038. Otero, Gustavo A. La vida social del] P&™e# 4¢ Holguin (ca. 1660-1724). . coloniaje. Esquema de la historia del Alto 3045. Steele, Arthur R. Flowers for the king: Peru, hoy Bolivia, de los siglos xvi, xvii, the expedition of Ruiz and Pavon and the

y xviii. La Paz, 1942. 399 p. bibl. flora of Peru. Durham, N.C., 1964. 378

A source of information on the social life of Upper p. illus., maps, bibl. (Duke historical

Peru, useful because of the rarity of such material. publications). 3039. Wolff, Inge. Negersklaverei undo vGition to Peru of Hipclito Ruis and José Antonio Negerhandel Nn Hochperu. 1545~1640. Pavon, its organization, proceedings, accomplishJahrbuch fur Geschichte von Staat, Wirt- ments, and publications. An important contribution schaft und Gesellschaft Latein-Amerikas to the history of the Enlightenment in Spanish South

CHILE 283 America in the later eighteenth century. the colonial period. Includes basic chronicles of the

P . sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries and

3046. Vargas, Jose M. La cultura de Quito the works of Chilean Jesuits in exile. Also incorporates

colonial. Quito, 1941. 269 p. illus. important documents, such as the Actas del cabildo de

literature, and theJaime, arts. . . epis.. terature, and’ the arts ; 3053. Eyzaguirre, ed. Archivo

An original study of the intellectual and artistic life of Santiago, 1541-1728, 28 v. (1, 17-21, 24-25, 28, Quito in the colonial period, embracing education, 30-42, 46-47, 51).

3047. Vargas Ugarte, Ruben. Ensayo de un tolar de la familia Eyzaguirre, 1747-1849.

diccionario de artifices coloniales de la B.A., 1960. 450 p.

America Meridional. Lima, 1947. 391 p. A valuable and, for Latin America, an almost unique A dictionary of colonial architects, masons, sculptors, type of documentation—the family papers of the painters, and other craftsmen, based on archival data’ Eyzaguirre, who were prominent in the public and and concerned principally with Peru and Upper Peru. commercial life of Chile in the later colonial period An important contribution to the chronology and biog- and beyond. The correspondence yields, among other raphy of Peruvian colonial architecture and art. The things, interesting data on private attitudes toward work is completed by an appendix (Lima, 1955. 118 p.). public events.

3048. Wethey, Harold E. Arquitectura vi- 3054. Medina, José T., ed. Coleccion de rreinal en Bolivia. La Paz, 1960. 198 p. documentos inéditos para la historia de

illus., bibl. Chile. Santiago de Chile, 1888-1902.

A collection of the author’s previously published ar- 30 Vv. ticles, with new data and a new chapter. Constitutes an A major compilation of documents for the history of authoritative study of the colonial architecture of Chile, 1518-1565.

w/Pper bert 3055. Medina, d . . ° eaima,José yoseT. I. Coleccién o1eccion dede adocu-

mm. wetney> arog E. Be omal arenitec- mentos inéditos para la historia de Chile. ure and sculpture in Peru. Wamodrndge, 2. serie. Santiago de Chile, 1956-1963.

Mass., 1949. 330 p. illus., map, bibl. 6V

A fundamental work of scholarship and evaluation. A second series of documents, published by the Fondo

. Historico y Bibliografico José Toribio Medina, con5. Chile tinuing the series published by Medina himself and . drawn from the large manuscript collection left by him. a. Guides These volumes cover the period 1558-1603 and con-

; . ogre . stitute an important source for the political history of

3050. Chile. Archivo Historico Nacional. Chile, with substantial data also on ecclesiastical and Indice Capitania General. Indice de los social matters. The series is to be continued.

documentos existentes en el Archivo del

Ministerio de lo Interno. Santiago de ii. Secondary Works

Chile, 1884. A catalog of the section Capitania Generalinthe Ar- 3056. Eyzaguirre, Jaime. El Conde de la

chivo Historico Nacional, Santiago. Conquista. Santiago, 1951. 277 p. illus., 3051. Santiago de Chile. Biblioteca Nacional. bibl. (Coleccion de estudios juridicos y

Catalogo breve de la Biblioteca Ameri- sociales 14).

1926-1951. 7 v. ; ;

cana que obsequia a la Nacional de San- A documented study of the life and times of Mateo de tiago J.T. Medina. Santiago de Chile, Toro y Zambrano, Conde de la Conquista, an administrator in late eighteenth-century Chile.

A catalog of manuscript and other materials of José 3057. Medina, José T. Cosas de la colonia. Toribio Medina in the Biblioteca Nacional, Santiago. Apuntes para la cronica del siglo xviii en Chile. Santiago de Chile, 1952. 500 p.

b. General A second edition of Medina’s notes on eighteenth. century Chile, first published 1899-1910. A valuable i. Sources chronicle of original information, including data on

wy . . , administrative, social, andde economic matters. 3052. Coleccion de historiadores Chile ; ; — Coo, y de documentos relativos a la historia 3058. Medina, José T. Diccionario biogranacional. Santiago de Chile, 1861-1953. fico colonial de Chile. Santiago de Chile, A5 vy. 1906. 1004 p. illus.

An outstanding documentary collection, without equal “4 schorarly dictionary of colonial biography for Chile, in Spanish American historiography for wealth of con- 2 Valuable work of reference.

tent and chronological scope. Its various stages have 3959, Rog y Urstia, Luis de. El reyno de been in Barros the hands of such distinguished historians as Chile. Estudio histori SeDiego Arana and José Toribio Medina. With 1535-1 Ie, . oe810 Studio ISCOrICO, the exception of v. 39 it is concerned exclusively with nealogico y biografico. Valladolid, 1945S.

284 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA 1029 p. 3065. Ramon Folch, José Armando de. Des-

A dictionary of biography, based on original research; cubrimiento de Chile y compafieros de a Dasic work of reverence, giving data on over 4.000 Almagro. Santiago de Chile, 1953. 190 p.

persons I nt A useful modern account of the expedition of Almagro

oo, to Chile, 1535-1537, which makes original contribu-

c. Conquest and Colonization tions in material and interpretation, including valuable

ҤSOUFCES biographical for 178 Almagro of the 500 or so Spaniards 1. who data accompanied to Chile.

3060. Cronicas del Reino de Chile. Ed. y 3066. Thayer Ojeda, Tomas. Los conquistaestudio preliminar de Francisco Esteve dores de Chile. Santiago de Chile, 1908Barba. Madrid, 1960. xxxix, 596 p. bibl. 1913.3 v. (Biblioteca de autores espanioles 131). A basic and scholarly work, full of information.

An edition, with useful editorial introduction, of the ‘ ,

letters of Valdivia, and of two chronicles that consti- 3067. Thayer Ojeda, Tomas, and Carlos J. tute important narrative sources for the conquest and Larrain. Valdivia y sus companeros. Sancolonization of Chile: Alonso de Géngora Marmolejo, tiago de Chile, 1950. 118 p.

Historia de Chile desde su descubrimiento hasta el A source of original data on Valdivia and his comano de 1575; Pedro Marino de Lobera, Crénica del _ panions. reino de Chile.

3061. Ercilla y Zuniga, Alonso de. La d. Law and Government Araycana. Sa TeO Oe ieee de Sorte 3068. Alemparte Robles, Julio. E] cabildo en P. "las Chile colonial:hispanoamericanas. origenes municipales de 2), republicas SanA good modern edition of the great epic poem on the . Pp 1 Pp . " discovery and conquest of Chile, written by one of the tiago de Chi e, 1940. 45 1 p. bibl.

captains who took part. The work has value as a his- An informative study of the cabildo of Santiago as a torical source, for Ercilla wrote of what he had seen; Spanish colonial institution and as a vehicle of indethe poetic license is identifiable, leaving a hard core of pendence.

fact. in Madrid, 1569-1590, the the workbasic 3069. Donoso, has First hadpublished many editions, including one byRicardo. José .Eltemarqués de Toribio Medina (Santiago, 1910-1918. 5 v. illus, | Osorno, don Ambrosio Higgins, 1720bibl.). See also Medina, Vida de Ercilla (México, | 1801. Santiago de Chile, 1941. 502 p.

1948. 494 p.). illus., map, bibl.

3062. Valdivia, Pedro de. Cartas de Pedro An exhaustive and scholarly biography of the Irish deva Vvivia ldivi ? trat d Id brimient merchant who became intendant of Concepcion, capque Ta fan © escu rimien O tain general and governor of Chile, and viceroy of Peru. y conquista de Chile. Santiago de Chile, Important for the study of colonial administration.

1953. xxxiv, 337p. illus. 3070. Meza Villalobos, Néstor. La conciencia

A Valdivia, re-issuefirst ofpublished Medina’s scholarly edition letters litila hil d1, of in Sevilla, 1929. An im- po of iticathe enuena urante monarqulia.

portant source for the discovery and conquest of Chile. Santiago de Chile, 1958. 322 p.

An analysis of the concept of government prevalent in

. colonial Chile, based on ideas expressed in public and i. Secondary Works private records of the period, and pointing to a chang-

; . oo. ing view of monarchy, opposition to Bourbon reforms, 3063. Errazuriz, Crescente. Seis anos ge ia and a growing sense of local identity.

NO oye cue ... Santiago de Chile, 3071. Onat, Roberto, and Carlos Roa. Régi-

A very detailed and scholarly narrative history of men legal del ejercito en el reno de Chile:

Chile from Valdivia to Villagra. notas para su estudio. Santiago de Chile,

, , , Pérez, , 1953.Andrés. 272 p.Historia bibl. (Estudios de historia 3064. Huneeus de : ae di Chile d del derecho chileno 1). las polémicas de Indias en Chile durante ay original monograph on military institutions in co-

el siglo xvi, 1536-1598. Santiago de lonial Chile. Particularly valuable for the eighteenth Chile, 1956. 152 p. bibl. (Universidad de century, with data on the standing army and the militia,

Chile. Facultad de Ciencias Juridicas y 44 anaccount of the military fuero.

Sociales. Coleccion de seminarios y in- e. Economy stitutos 3). |

A documented study of the conflict between Spanish 3072. Felit Cruz, Guillermo, and Carlos colonial theory and legislation on the one hand and Monge Alfaro. Las encomiendas seguin actual and colonization of d B.A., ° A 91941. 743Pp. Chile on conditions the other, within thethe roleconquest of administrators as tasas y ordenanzas.

well as theologians and jurists elaborated. (Publicaciones del Instituto de Investi-

CHILE 285 gaciones Histo6ricas 77). A work of distinguished scholarship that provides an

A useful work on the encomienda system in Chile. original and authoritative interpretation of the origin

. . of the Chilean inquilino, disassociating it from en-

3073. Jara, Alvaro. Los asientos de trabajo y_comienda and relating it to changing conditions of la provision de mano de obra para los no- _land-working. Appendix of documents.

encomenderos en la ciudad de Santiago, , . . 1586-1600. Santiago de Chile, 1959 7 3079. Gonzalez Echenique, Javier. Los es; oT tudios p. ;illus., maps.juridicos (Estudiosy la deabogacia historia ;en ' el reino economica americana. Trabajo y salario de Chile. Santiago de Chile, 1954. 369 p.

en el periodo colonial 1) JOY (Estudios de historia del derecho chileno

An important study of labor contracts preserved in the 2). ; , ; .

notarial archives of Santiago. A contribution to the 4" Original monograph on the lawyer in colonial Chile,

history of labor in colonial Chile, masterly in its his education, status, and activities. A rare study of a methodology and original in its.conclusions. little-known but important sector of colonial society.

3074. Jara, Alvaro, ed. Fuentes para la his- 3080. Jara, Alvaro. Guerre et societe au toria del trabajo en el Reino de Chile; Chile: éssai de sociologie coloniale. Paris, legislacién. Santiago de Chile, 1965-. 1961. 217 p. illus., maps, bibl. (Univert. 1, 110 p. (Universidad de Chile. Centro sité de Paris. Institut des Hautes Etudes

de investigaciones de Historia Ameri- de Amérique Latine. Travaux et me-

cana. Estudios de historia econédmica — moires 9). ae .

americana. Serie documental y biblio- A penetrating study, original in its interpretation, of

‘fica 1) of the social structure in colonial Chile, _Sratica 1).the ;documents _formation particularly impact of Indian warfare. Significant onunder labortheregulations and condii-

tions in colonial Chile, 1599-1635. A source for eco- 3081. Mellafe, Rolando. La introduccién de

nomic and Indian history. la esclavitud negra en Chile: trafico y 3075. Pereira Salas, Eugenio. Buques norte- —- rutas. Santiago de Chile, 1959. 293 p.

americanos en Chile a fines de la era bibl. (Estudios de historia economica

colonial, 1788-1810. Santiago de Chile, americana. Trabajo y salario en el perio-

1936. 44 p. do colonial 2).

A contribution to the history of colonial commerce A basic study, original in method and content, of the through the enumeration of all American vessels(257) introduction of Negro slaves in Chile from 1535, their known to be in Chilean waters in the period 1788- Subsequent legal status, and their place in the econom1810. Also published in AUC, afio 94, 1936: 90-129. 1c and social life of the colony to ca. 1620. A meticu-

. lous piece of research, full of new information and 3076. Salas, Manuel S. A. de. Escritos de interpretation.

fon Manic de Salas y socumentos ree 3082. Pereira Salas, Eugenio. Juegos y

Chile 43v "1947. 8 alegrias coloniales en Chile. Santiago de ts 1910-191 aa Chile, 344 p. illus., bibl.

The writings, accompanied by relevant documenta- A hist f tion i lonial Chile. in it | tion, of a distinguished creole political economist of istory Of recreation in colonia ie, IN IS CUl-

the late colonial period. A basic source for the study al, economic, and political context, underlining the of the Chilean economy in the last decades of Spanish mixture of Spanish and qn evements. A contribu.

. e ° . 5 e€

rule and for the thought of those who wished to reform tion to social history based on original material.

it. 3083. Vial Correa, Gonzalo. El africaro en el reino de Chile: ensayo hist6rico-jurif. Society dico. Santiago de Chile, 1957. 202 p.

3077. Carmagnani, Marcello. El salariado An apeinal monograph on the demography, the legal minero ef Chile colonial, Ju desarrollo condition, and to some extent the social and economic en una sociedad provincial: el Norte condition of the Negro in colonial Chile.

Chico 1690-1800. Santiago de Chile,

1963. 114 p. bibl. g. Religion

An original monograph on a difficult subject — wages and cost-of-living levels of the laboring populationofa 3084. Medina, José T. Historia del Tribunal mining region of northern Chile in the eighteenth cen- del Santo Oficio de la Inquisicién en

uy te wale even ate meane by aalyssof Chie,p.Santiago de Chile, 1952. xxvi, 675 illus. 3078. Géngora, Mario. Origen de los “‘in- A re-issue of a work first published in 1890 and still quilinos” de Chile central. Santiago de — >asically authoritative.

Chile, 1960. 168 p. 3085. Olivares Molina, Luis. La provincia

86 fr anci

def CISC

a

d ens nad

hiente que AdSicomer eC ahisto eChi locum ile, 19 hiZO ilelos d 1553 400 86. M ationnue nth centurie wee 30 ucati tee eF .S y be 0 , Lite go boundary As g. ni sé re ein c nary we the Co A 187 colo a, Jo ratur Chile 1 the ndary for

3 unive Scholarly illus. chile one . the A caer la IAL LAT edin , amon histo ago de lite Do Arge ie Satu Vv > co RICA A Chi rsidad J g other | = Chile. aerhee nti Ity of th reat 8G ver yle sef . Sa | de T. hin loni e€, d pe tos ep Ri ‘eval e ex men 3O88 sore g rk agthou nFellist $+Ipe ONE hiA1914 ncilapubli ferenic.yIa od oria hro Ar lat tn e More detai € Chi d lean de nicle valaRe —|9 tesPlate chind a. sio he en Medin ils. gh s ile. J es laR S. volitical an 26 panes emanci la vo G daci cond I Argent gue ene acid e hule, osé 192 eq antiago 8 la al« riod ! d Vv nd26. >.3.V. 3. ge pacion { ra « ess Sntaaes Unie a inst lus. 30me er BA 1Bu contain incu aps olitica yoweation niChi ori rucci hccid 93 nsPihees gpreindep doioc . BA le, 190. 2search WS Fe Fane et independ enti flaeed 1V ge pub .a nts eno the of als 19 sidad hast: pe,as Arana ofdel the por .on ”a

. ; ° . e! ° 1 .° "4 ,

_ Santi este 19 ves Pena ct tin de

ni Vv. . un- fe) . 1 ar d pe . ua in en 6-,Rio alde Chi An i rica 943colon agua3e.38 riod. ry82) eae ce le,Fell Its mpo yy es of till sst°pe d prod rtan onia pD: del crip . and

3089 a-AlaP i847 ela uct tela 2) S|. .ill Riio cio ene ta di nralin trial inSs, md (Bib his_G la his Pla a1whe yewi US d enPla no. ae i.ound So con he the desc . ela liot no. 43-44 e, Ju urces 3094. fent can human popu eca his. re iS 14, 1947 F.D A Nera n Pe slg the | = i valu 48 8 [ [1 iari va ridi , Féli scou cen ion and

n ,ab. :ope [ 19 94er arej a lu 10 °eli .de nVi tuVofrats - _is Cc ] sale 9%. spice cusedS1782 ( y CO ata ent 19 4.19. | 8,n 7 mem opulati thenat , 194 saris sat Not eee Siete! mmi by ury 2 19 , nan wteer be enth what ce | rlapo shed A jcularly ra ntu Soa ono ay OY mine ReAmeric 3090. parti ). ss!mp anonacSi. al ,noofficer , no. .47avel‘0r Spain of Ow ural .2V ;

obra ngeli y on port pani ficer of condi 3 in in 1801 panish be tae tore a y d »Pa Pe ragu O1.and Fi ob b ound nim toria S 1S antand ish-Por,aconaition nd 095.18 io de! nteoPeana| ea

delanRi. oc dro ay. de ese tugur be Snaticu Dopub irstved Servcom ary ata a Pli pani tai als A lig um d tail of sh a in the A valuable de la y ento e, ed ed source, (Pub B.A ment Mewerpat missio rmiltary

trative first ee y moder ee rce, A gaci licaci 1913. pa " ly unt is as a trative oo pub ectio ata ra d ivo ccié A pas one ione -19 ra | nch in 180 who Saree so ed elas a Ie de n expe colle Hist del 2° 77 histo : (309. nd cog of s,hymdocu 36-183 A’ pro . hi e el rts, ori ns . Vv; ‘lus. . rl arg eight cosrap emo71837 B.A, rovincis sotctio of cas), stitut eighteenth ‘Also r umentation Compr 710 sy develop on - centt principal ° de | Traps.

3091 uay, entdelinncludes Ri ontderav vari vy. ! Bso oJ me mia tur nts,vestin ps , Rio latinpri acco, adminis. desutt sn, scietted C . Ar ela esutt J chroy Pl g to ount inis 3 cent orre mogr ion orovidi Ri by I-

nial na eR »y¥ uev Ss,hiSsand pper . Do nce (revenue. and e, g«valuab ber Campa ntin lata oseTu nicl, } the 096stor ury.Iremography V, de laPla num

mentos B. rasi epupt reinato del Rion: “asia in en sr FA. Cc.auevara’s A . istoriue thePeru Ac 3. e tos anua e, ean urban AReplica Re os referent193 a rchi del period. and silection V. in 1 Rio I-il,nte voia G ion 2 par d aon| include es des

cié (D Obefo illu el12vi m um Grathoa la Pat-_F alk rea .,A Vie yi the an rmetina nci aeocu poli aAdmini uth yurce: ..2 oliti 1outh ar1aum ne nd in Cnnp age 19 eS Amen d» thanstrati as. istrative Ser cad c-A ,ating Th urin rica on ), la not A om . 19 hee ry $0 tite.rad nd Soe arl gso-Spanl fa 35nla AE witt adi d regal mn van doc gen icipa guer 3 Vv. es Cc L. 3097 olicy ents 1 ta. B ia d

its nish oie 68 ponder -Ehe ith adjoining. ;pats od from the bibl uma iB » ingen spmsi mae intro 0f mt aan Work . nn 10n of Ikne nary ame first ,pion Chi and

pap di lis ersOu net e ityasisti hedgo i) omaetually y W. Co. nguishe e. ly cHeEne. ng-

RIO DE LA PLATA 287

7,8 . _ Sl -

3098. Lozano, Pedro. Historia de las revo- man, y Peru. Siglos xvi y xvi. B.A., luciones de la provincia del Paraguay 1939. $72 p.

(1721-1735). B.A., 1905. 2 v. (Biblio- A documented study of the administrative activity teca de la Junta de Historia y Numis- 2) \o"ihe late sixteenth and early seventeenth cen.

V1:matica Americana 2 3). , turies, in its social and economic context. Important Antequera; v. 2: Los comuneros. A narrative for the encomienda system, commerce, and the con-

history by a Jesuit who resided in the Rio de la Plata ¢jict over his ordenanzas. A substantial appendix of from 1714 and was official Jesuit chronicler of the gocuments

province of Paraguay 1730-1752. intelligent lucid writer. 3105. Gil Munilla,AnOctavio. Eland Rio, ;de la

3099. Malaspina, Alessandro. Viaje al Rio Plata en la politica internacional. Genede la Plata en el siglo xviii. Ed. de Héc- _—‘S!S_ del. virreinato. Sevilla, joie 463 p.

tor R. Ratto. B.A., 1938. xxxi, 390 p. maps, bibl. (Publicaciones de la Escuela (Biblioteca de la Sociedad de Historia 4¢ Estudios Hispano-Americanos de

Argentina 7). Sevilla. Serie 2, no. 15). _

An account of environment and conditions by the 4" Original work with " significant thesis: that the

leader of a notable scientific expedition in the later ViCeroyalty of the Rio de la Plata was created in 1776

eighteenth century. primarily for reasons of imperial defense and in the

Dicci : : i. :; , . . Diccionario bio-

3100. U Archi G al de la N context of Anglo-Spanish and Luso-Spanish rivalry.

. ruguay. rcnivo ener e iaAda- -3106. Ud d Enri-l cién. Revista del Archivo General Caondo, Hnrique,

ministrativo: o Coleccién de documen- gralico colonial argentina. B.A., 1945.

tos para Servir al estudio de la historia While it falls short of the standards of scholarship de la Republica Oriental del Uruguay. expected of a dictionary of biography, this is an ex-

Montevideo, 1885-1943. 18 v. tremely useful source of reference.

Cabildo minutes of colonial Montevideo. V. 12 has _

the alternative title only; v. 13-18 have special title b. Conquest and Colonization

page only: ‘“Acuerdos del extinguido cabildo de ; Montevideo.” (V. 16-18 add ‘‘Anexo”’). 1. Sources

ii. Secondarv Works 3107. Diaz de Guzman, Rui. La Argentina.

y B.A., 1943. 287 p. (Coleccion Estrada

3101. Acosta y Lara, Eduardo F. La guerra 25).

. . Th Jd —] r 1d

de los Charruas en la Banda Oriental The first chronicle produced from within the Rio de (periodo hispanico). Montevideo, 1961. la Plata (1612); describes the process of conquest and

251 p. illus colonization and the two foundings of Buenos Aires.

An original monograph, with copious documentary and served as soldier and official inthe area,

transcripts, on the prolonged warfare between the oo. ne Spaniards and the Charrtia Indians in the Banda Orien- 3108. Documentos historicos y geografital (seventeenth and eighteenth centuries); includes cos relativos a la conquista y colonizathe contraband and Brazilian aspects of the subject: we . _

preceded by introductory chapters on the discovery cion rioplatense. mae 1941. 5 v. ioe and settlement of the Banda Oriental and on the MIsion Nacional de [V centenarlo Ae ta

penetration of the Paulistas. primera fundaciOn de Buenos Aires, 1536-1936).

; rchivo General de Indias, on the conquest and col-

3102. Azarola Gil, Luis E. Los origenes de A collection of documentary sources, mainly from the

p. WiUSs., Maps. tury.f Monte- : . a Ad ted, hi f dati a Espana y las Indias. mundo WerMontevideo. 1607-1749. B.A., 1933.285 onization of the Rio de la Plata in the sixteenth cen-

A cocumen ed history of the foundation of Monte 3109. Schmi del, Ulrich, Derrotero y Viaje

sei Sac ahah Efraim. Fl Paraguay colo- niche, tr. B.A., 1944. 152 p.

1959 .53Pp. ib deby la nacionalidad. B.A., A classic narrative of Pedro de Mendoza’s expeditionof a German participant who records his journey

An interpretation of Paraguayan colonial history bya 1534-1554. This is the best Spanish version, first scholar, focusing on those factors which are regarded published in Santa Fe, Argentina, 1938. There is a as influencing the formation of Paraguayan nation- facsimile reproduction of the second (Nuremberg,

ality. 1602) German edition (Graz, Austria, 1962. 103 p.). 3104. Gandia, de. Francisco delos ii. Secondary Works Alfaro y laEnrique condicion social de indios: Rio de la Plata, Paraguay, Tucu- 3110. Gandia, Enrique de. Historia de la

288 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA conquista del Rio de la Plata y del Para- 3118. Junta Provincial de Estudios His-

guay: los gobiernos de don Pedro de toricos de Santa Fe. Actas del cabildo Mendoza, Alvar Nunez y Domingo de de la ciudad de Santa Fe. Santa Fe, ArIrala, 1535-1556. B.A., 1932. 311 p. gentina, 1942-1944. 3 v. illus., maps.

A well-documented narrative of the conquest and Cabildo minutes, 1575-1585, 1590-1595, and 1661-

Pedro de Mendoza, anddeDomi ., Irala. © MEDELES EOLLEILNLEE Al ELIS Nunez, SS 3119, Memorias los virreyesddel. Rio

colonization of the Rio dela Plata and Paraguay under 1666.

3111. Lafuente Machain, Ricardo de. El de la Plata. Noticia preliminar por Sig-

.Domingo , . frido A. Radaelli. B.A., 1945. 588 p. gobernador Martinez de Irala. ae eer ; B.A. 1939. 568 p. (Biblioteca de la So... (Biblioteca historica colonial 4). aed . DP: loOnoteca Ce fa The memorias (supplied by only five out of eleven

ciedad de Historia Argentina 10). viceroys) are supplemented by other viceregal docu-

A scholarly study of Irala’s governorship in Para- ments of a similar nature. The edition is deficient in

guay, with an appendix of 200 pages of documents. — editorial equipment.

3112. Levillier, Roberto. Nueva cronica 3120. Mendoza, Argentine Republic. Ca-

de la conquista del Tucuman. Madrid, bildo. Actas capitulares de Mendoza. 1926-1928. 3 v. illus., maps. (Coleccion B.A., 1945-1961. 2 v. (Academia Nade publicaciones historicas de la Bi- — cional de la Historia. Actas capitulares

blioteca del Congreso argentino). de la provincias).

A scholarly investigation into the major avenues of Cabildo minutes, 1561-1609, and 1627-1650, with settlement in Tucuman from Chile and Peru. Fora __ gaps.

later statement of the author’s views see his La Argen- , . .

tina del siglo xvi: guerras y conquistas en Tucumdny 3121. Rio Cuarto, Argentine Republic. Ca-

Cuyo(B.A., 1945). bildo. Actas capitulares de la villa de 3113. Molina, Ratl A. Hernandarias, el Concepcion del Rio Cuarto, anos 1798 a

ments. . . ‘

hijo de la tierra. B.A., 1948. 523 p. illus., 1812. B.A., 1947. xxix, 47 p. illus. (Aca-

maps, bibl. demia Nacional de la Historia. Actas

An original study of administration in the Rio de la capitulares de las provincias). Plata through the biography of the creole Hernan- Cabildo minutes, 1798-1812.

darias de Saavedra (1560-1631). Appendix of docu- 3199, Rio ae la Plata (Viceroyalty). Corres-

pondencia de los oficiales reales de hacienda del Rio de la Plata con los reyes

c. Law and Government de Espana. Madrid, 1915. 355 p. : Correspondence of edited treasury officialsLevillier. with the crown 1. Sources 1540-1596, by Roberto

3114. Buenos Aires. Correspondencia de 3123. Rio de la Plata (Viceroyalty). Real la ciudad de Buenos Ayres con los reyes Audiencia. Cedulario de la real audiencia

cole ey eae -Madnd, € 11>Cadniidao 1918. 3 Vv: de Buenos La Plata, rresponden Wi €Aires. crown, —1929-1938. . . . Cc.

17U0, edited by Roberto Levillier. 3 vy.torico (Publicaciones del Archivo His de la Provincia de Buenos Aires.

3115. Buenos Aires. Cabildo. Acuerdos del Documentos del Archivo 2-4).

extinguido Cabildo de Buenos Aires. Administrative documents emanating from the Au-

B.A., 1907-1934. 47 v. illus. diencia of Buenos Aires and dealing with jurisdiction,

Cabildo minutes; a monumental source covering the | 4ppointments, and other institutional matters, princi-

period 1589-1821. Divided into four series, though pally in the period of the second audiencia, 1785the publication sequence is not in strict chronological 1810.

order. 3124. Santiago del Estero, Argentine Re3116. Cérdoba, Argentine Republic. Ar- public. Cabildo. Actas capitulares de chivo municipal de Cérdoba. Cérdoba, Santiago del Estero. B.A., 1941-1951. 1880-1884. 5 v. 1952-1954. 3 v. 6 v. (Academia Nacional de la Historia. Cabildo minutes, 1573-1640, 1643-1671. Actas capitulares de las provincias).

3117. Corrientes, Argentine Republic. Ca- C20U¢0 minutes: 172771833.

bildo. Actas capitulares de Corrientes. 3125. Tucuman, Argentine Republic. UniB.A., 1941-1946. 4 v. maps. (Academia versidad. Facultad de Filosofia y Letras. Nacional de la Historia. Actas capitu- Actas capitulares de San Miguel de Tu-

lares de las provincias). cuman. V. 1, 1680-1688. Tucuman,

Cabildo minutes, 1588-1676. 1946. 449 p. (Publicaciones espanolas

RIO DE LA PLATA 289 13). 3132. Gonzalez, Julio C. Don Santiago

Cabildo minutes and other records, 1680-1688. Liniers, gobernador interino de los trein-

ta pueblos de las misiones guaranies y

i. Secondary Works tapes, 1803-1804. B.A., 1946. 276 p. ; , (Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires.

a acre Ls mendes aad a, ua ta del Rio de la Plata. Mendoza. 1965. 533 blicaciones del Instituto de Investiga-

94). p.bibl DIDI. ,, ,ciones A detailedHist6ricas monograph on the administration of

A study in depth of a single intendancy, based on a | iniers in Misiones and its environment, developing wal, social, and economic conditions in Salta before the, thesis that his experience as a provincial adminiand during the intendant regime, its Indian population, “Reconquest" ant for ius smoseduent nore tans its cultural and religious life, and its reaction to the

hi d luabl f inf ti th - . .

revolution of 1810. A major contribution to regional 3433, Lynch, John. Spanish colonial adoperation of the inten dant system. Imormaton on the ministration, 1782-1810. The intendant

— Don d system in theLondon, viceroyalty thep.Rio de 3127. Barba, Enrique M.Pedro Don Pedro de la Plata. 1958.of335 maps, Cevallos, gobernador de Buenos Aires bibl. (University of London historical y virrey del Rio de la Plata. La Plata, studies 5). 1937. 237 p. map, bibl. (Biblioteca Hu- A study of the origin, establishment, and organization manidades editada por la Facultad de _ of the intendant system in the Rio de la Plata, which Humanidades y Ciencias dela Educacién tempts to assess its performance and its impact on

de la Universidad de la Plata 19) the existing imperial structure. Spanish edition trans:

. lated by German O. E. Tjarks (B.A., 1963. 311 p.). An authoritative study of an important administrator * . * , P

who in 1776 became the first viceroy of the Riodela 3134. Mariluz Urquijo, Jose M. El Vi-

Plata. treinato del Rio de la Plata en la época 3128. Comadran Ruiz, Jorge. Los subdele- del marques de Avilés (1799-1801). gados de Real Hacienda y Guerra de B.A., 1964. 409 p. illus. (Biblioteca de Mendoza, 1784-1810. RIHD. no. 10, _ historia argentina y americana 13).

1959: 82-111 An Rio original distinguished studyadministration of the viceroyalty ; es . of the de and la Plata during the of

A. valuable contribution othe history focal adminis; Viceroy Avi, giving atta view ofthe subject and eae elucidates the snisdiction of subdelegates, with institutional developments, the penetration of new

; : are ; contributing, among other things, to knowledge o

evidence Crawn Irom Mendoza. ideas, relations with the metropolis and Brazil, and 3129. Ferrés, Carlos. Epoca colonial: la economic conditions, including valuable new informa-

administracién de justicia en Monte- "0708 ‘ocalmanutactures.

video. Montevideo, 1944. 322 p. 3135. Torre Revello, José. Juan José de An original and extensively documented study of the Vértiz y Salcedo gobernador y virrey administration of justice in colonial Montevideo, val- . : : uable for legal organization at a local level and for the de B uenOS A ITes, B.A., 1932. 46 p. (Uni-

light it throws on colonial law and its instruments in versidad Nacional de Buenos Aires. general. Facultad de Filosofia y Letras. Pu-

3130. Garcia, Juan A. La ciudad indiana. blicaciones del Instituto de InvestigaBuenos Aires desde 1600 hasta mediados A corey istOricas 60). a creole administrator del siglo XVII. Santa Fe, Argentina, 1954. governor, and subsequently second viceroy of the

. 286 P. (Clasicos Argentinos). vonia history Rio de la Plata( 1778-1783). re-edition of a classic of colonial

Buenos , ,

Aires, first published in 1900. A pioneer study in 3136. Torre Revello, Jose. El marques de colonial urban history, it covers property, commerce, Sobre Monte, gobernador intendente de

institutions, and religion. Also published in the Cérdoba y virrey del Rio de la Plata. author’s Obras completas(B.A., 1955. 2 v.). B.A., 1946. cliii, 228 p. illus., bibl. (Uni-

3131. Garreton, Adolfo. La municipalidad versidad Nacional de Buenos Aires. colonial. Buenos Aires, desde su funda- Facultad de Filosofia y Letras. Pucion hasta el gobierno de Lariz. B.A.., blicaciones del Instituto de Investiga-

1933. 457 p. ciones Histo6ricas 93).

A useful source of information on the cabildo and the A scholarly account of Sobremonte’s administration, urban development of Buenos Aires from its founda- first as intendant of Cordoba then as viceroy, under-

tion to the middle of the seventeenth century. lining his efficiency in the first office and his incompe-

2900 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA tence in the second. Valuable appendix of documents. Plata: documentos originales de los

3137. Zorraquin Bect, Ricardo. La organi- siglos xvi al xix seleccionados en el zaciOn judicial argentina en el periodo archivo de Indias de Sevilla. Madrid, hispanico. B.A., 1952. 219 p. (Biblioteca 1915. 2 v. (Estudios editados por la de la Sociedad de Historia Argentina 18). Facultad de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales

A sound general account, written with great precision de la Universidad de Buenos Aires).

and good judgment, of the organization and instru- A collection of documents concerning economic de-

ments of justice in the Rio de la Plata. velopments, principally economic policy, in the Rio

, ; . de la Becu, Plata throughout the organicolonial period. 3138. Zorraquin Ricardo. La ,;P

zacion politica argentina en el periodo 3144. Rio de la Plata (Viceroyalty). Con-

hispanico. B.A., 1959. 408 p. maps. sulado. Consulado de Buenos Aires:

An expert synthesis of the institutional history of the antecedentes, actas, documentos. B.A., Rio de la Plata, underlining the Spanish administra- 1936-1947. 4 Vv.

tive system, the transition to a Bourbon concept of | The actas and other documentation of the consulado government in the eighteenth century, and the subse- of Buenos Aires, 1785-1799, a source of information quent reforms in the viceroyalty, and concluding with on economic problems and conditions, the activities a substantial chapter on the cabildos. The appendix of its secretary Manuel Belgrano, and the antagonism contains a useful list of governors, viceroys, and between creoles and peninsulares.

intendants. Abundant bibliographical references. . . . . 3145. Semanario de agricultura, industria y comercio. B.A., 1928-1937. 5 v. (Bi-

d. Economy blioteca de la Junta de Historia y Numis-

i. Sources matica Americana 8-9, | 1-13).

A facsimile reprint of a distinguished periodical pub-

. . . velopment.

3139. Azara, Félix de. Memoria sobre el _ lished in Buenos Aires, 1802-1807, under the direcestado rural del Rio de la Plata y otros tion of Hipodlito Vieytes, to promote economic de-

informes. B.A., 1943. 310 p. illus., bibl. P ;

(Biblioteca histérica colonial 1). 3146. Tanodi, Aurelio Z., Maria Elsa Fa-

A valuable memorandum on agrarian conditions in jardo, and Marina Esther Davila, eds. the Rio de la Plata at the end of the eighteenth cen- Libro de mercedes de tierras de Cé6rdoba try with ntroduction by Julio Cesar Gonzilez who ge 1573-1600. Cérdoba, 1958. 200 p.

P . ; ; (Instituto de Estudios Americanistas 5). 3140. Belgrano, Manuel. Escritos econo- Valuable documentation on the distribution of land to micos. Introd. por Gregorio Weinberg. conquerors and settlers in the region of Cordoba.

B.A., 1954. 336 p. (Biblioteca Manuel 3147, Telégrafo mercantil, rural, politico-

A useful Belgranocollection de estudios of economicos}. - economico e historidgrafo Rio de la Belgrano’s periodical publica- _del“Ly:

tions and memoranda, 1796-1811, important for eco- Plata. B.A., 1914- 1915. 2 Vv. (Biblioteca

, , ; Americana, 6-7).

3141. Gandia, Enrique de. Buenos Aires 4 facsimile reprint of the first periodical published in colonial. B.A., 1957. 205 p. bibl. (Bi- Buenos Aires (1801-1802), an example of local en-

blioteca de historia 2). lightenment and interest in economic development.

Extracts, with comments, from the correspondence ay cre Fy .

(1787-1816) of Gaspar de Santa Coloma, a sub- 3148. Viey ee TaPellto- Antecedentes eco stantial merchant of Buenos Aires. A poor substitute nOomMIcos € ta revolucion de mayo. esfor the publication in full of a rare type of colonial critos publicados en el Semanario de documentation now preserved in the private archive agricultura, industria y comercio 1802of the family. As evidence of the reaction of Buenos 1806. Estudio preliminar por Félix Aires commerce to events in Europe, the extracts are Weinb B.A.. 1956. 410 Bibli

, anue eigrano € estudios econo-

valuable; the editor’s comments are tendentious. a 5B lerano de Pe ibuoteca 3142. Lavardén, Manuel de. Nuevo aspecto micos) S

del comercio en el Rio de Ja Plata. B.A., A useful compilation, from a contemporary periodical, 1955. 190 p. (Biblioteca Manuel Bel- _ jllustrating economic problems as seen by a reformist-

grano de estudios econoémicos). minded creole.

The first edition of an economic treatise written in

1801 by of a Rio de la Plataattitudes stock farmer, anranchers. interesting = § d WwW example the economic of creole i. Secondary Works 3143. Levillier, Roberto, ed. Antecedentes 3149. Acevedo, Edberto O. Los impuestos al

de politica econémica en el Rio de la comercio cuyano en el siglo xvii, 1700-

RIO DE LA PLATA 291 1750. RCHG. no. 126, 1958: 34-76. A scholarly study of the Representacion of the diseconomic interests in the Rio de la Plata through a to Viceroy Cisneros 30 September 1809. Contains

and regional opposition to it. 1914. 3150. Bruxel, Arnaldo. O gado na antiga 3157. Santos Martinez, Pedro. Historia Banda Oriental do Uruguai. 1. Parte. econdmica de Mendoza durante el viPesquisas. AITAP. num. 13, 1960: 4-110. rreinato, 1776-1810. Madrid, 1961. 478 A basic study of the cattle industry in the Banda p. maps, bibl.

Oriental, including Rio Grande do Sul. This part A basic piece of research on the economy of Mendoza deals with the nature of the cattle country and the during the last decades of Spanish rule, important as a introduction and expansion of the cattle industry in regional study and as illustrating the problems of the

Brazil, Peru, and Paraguay. interior provinces in relation to Buenos Aires and the

3151. Coni, Emilio A. Historia de las va- ™et™opolis.

querias del Rio de la Plata, 1555-1750. 3158. Scheuss de Studer, Elena F. La trata B.A., 1956. 93 p. bibl. (Coleccion Los de Negros en Rio de la Plata durante el

Pequenos grandes libros). siglo xvii. B.A., 1958. 378 p. illus., maps,

An expert summary account of the introduction and bibl. (Publicaciones del Instituto de Hisproliferation of cattle in the Rio de la Plata and its toria Argentina ‘“‘Doctor Emilio Ravieconomic and social consequences, first published gnani”’ 101)

in Madnd, 1930. oo, An authoritative study of the slave trade in the Rio 3152. Kossok, Manfred. El Virreinato del de la Plata in the eighteenth century, its development Rio de la Plata, su estructura econdémica- rom a monopoly to a free importation system and its

social. B.A., 1959. 147 Dp. erect on the economic and social lite Ol € area.

A study of the economic and social structure of the Numerous statistical tables yield quantitative results.

viceroyalty of the Rio de la Plata, based on a wide 3159, Tjarks, German O. E. El Consulado range of printed material; a Marxist interpretation de Buenos Aires y sus proyecciones en thatasees developments culminating in the party. appearance la hi ‘a RioCe de la B.A.. 1962: of creole-bourgeois revolutionary a istoria €1del N10 la Pl ata. 1f aes

Machai Ricardo d 2 v. illus., map, bibl. (Publicaciones del 31%. vatuente Is: ‘Os . BRA " 9 14, Instituto de Historia Argentina ‘‘Doctor UeNOS AAITES EN CF SIBIO XVI. 1D. ZA., Emilio Ravignani’”’ 103, 104).

251 p. illus. ; ; An exhaustive study of the consulado of Buenos

A useful assembly of information on the urban and Aires in all its manifestations and activities from its social history of Buenos Aires in the seventeenth foundation in 1794 to its demise in 1822. An important century. The appendixes of documents include lists contribution to the economic history of the Rio de la

of residents. Plata, especially in its institutional aspects. A sub3154. Lafuente Machain, Ricardo de. __ stantial appendix of documents.

Buenos Aires en el siglo xviii. B.A., 3160. Tjarks, German O. E., and Alicia

1946. 326 p. illus. (Coleccion Ciudad —_—_- Vidaurreta de Tjarks. El comercio inglés

de Buenos Aires 2). y el contrabando: nuevos aspectos en el

Continues the social history of Buenos Aires in its estudio de la politica econdémica en el

period of growth in the eighteenth century. Rio de la Plata. 1807-1810. B.A.. 1962

3155. Levene, Ricardo. Investigaciones 62 p. bibl.

acerca de la historia econdémica del vi- An original study of the commerce of the Rio de la

rreinato del Plata. 2. ed. B.A.. 1952. 2 vy. | Plata in the last years of the colonial period, including

. ° English penetration, viceregal policy, interests within

A illus, maps. ed edition of a work first pub the Rio de la Plata, and the movement toward more lished in 1927-1998 A basic stud at least for Peo. open trade. Contains the thesis that the Representa-

Gin te! 7 AN y> cion de los hacendados was really the work of Manuel

nomic institutions, covering the entire colonial period. Belgrano, not of Mariano Moreno

3156. Molinari, Diego L. La Representacion

de los hacendados de Mariano Moreno, e. Society and Religion

e . ra ° of 3 1

su ninguna influencia en la vida econo- _

mica del pais y en los succesos de mayo 3161. Assuncao, Fernando O. El Gaucho. de 1810. 2. ed. B.A., 1939. 464 p.(Uni- — Montevideo, 1963. 556 p. illus., bibl. versidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de 2, .ce'politital and economic environment it the

Ciencias Economicas. Coleccion de eighteenth century, and his influence in the life of the textos y documentos relativos a la his- country; together with an essay in etymology. Origi-

toria economica argentina 1). nally published in RIHGU. t. 24.

29? COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA

1962. 59 p. . . .

3162. Fontana, Esteban. Repercusiones Miscellaneous documents, including the dispatches personales y comunitarios de la expul- — Ie governor afd the bishop of Buenos Aires and

sidn de los jesuitas en Mendoza. B.A., expulsion. ers concucung te

A worthy and documented study, on a local scale, of 3168. Cardiel, José. Declaracién de la an important yet unexplored subject—the social re- verdad: con una introd. por Pablo Herprcussons of the expulsion of the Jesuits Forte nandez. B.A., 1900. 491 p. expulsién de los jesuitas de Mendoza y sus reper- A Vvaluale source, written in 1758 by a Jesuit miscusiones econémicas,” RCHG, no. 130, 1962: 47- S!onary in Paraguay to refute anti-Jesuit propaganda.

115. 3169. Charlevoix, Pierre F. X. de. Historia

3163. Konetske, Richard. La emigracién del Paraguay. Pablo Hernandez, tr. espanola al Rio de la Plata durante el Madrid, 1910-1918. 7 v. (Coleccién de

siglo xvi. Madrid, 1952. 61 p. libros y documentos referentes a la

An important study of sixteenth-century emigration historia de América, 11-13, 15-16, 18). to the Rio de la Plata, seeking to establish a quantita- A history of the Jesuit Province of Paraguay to the tive estimate of settlers by accounting for all known _—mid-eighteenth century by a French Jesuit (1756) voyages and assessing the various objectives of the | who had no personal knowledge of the area but fol-

. woe or the annotati del Plata. B.A., 1945. 393 p. (Biblioteca -

expeditions. lowed Lozano and used documents placed at his dis-

3164. Medina, José T. El tribunal del Santo posa by the Province. The present edition contains Oficio de la Inquisicién en las provincias rissionary Muriel in 1779. made by the ex-Jesuit

enciclopédica argentina 2). 3170. Cortesao, Jaime, ed. Manuscritos da

A re-issue of a distinguished work first published in Colecao de Angelis. Rio, 1951-1959.

Santiago, 1899, and still a valuable study. 6 Vv.

‘ me . Important selection of documentos from the Angelis

3165. Petit Munoz, Eugenio, Edmundo M. collection concerning the Jesuits in southern Brazil Narancio, and Jose M. Traibel Nelcis. and Paraguay from 1594 to the 1760's, the bandeir La condicion juridica, social, econOmica antes, Colénia do Sacramento, and the Treaty of y politica de los negros durante el colo- Madrid(1750) and its background.

mae en pane Senta d L. etied 3171. Lozano, Pedro. Historia de la Com-

video, F/—. (Bibhoteca de publica- pafiia de Jestis en la provincia del Para-

ciones oficiales de la Facultad de DereMadrid _ . : , guay. Madrid, 1914-1915.

2 v.

cho y Ciencias Sociales de la Universi- An authoritative account of the subject written 1730dad de Montevideo. Seccion 3, 44). 1745 by the official Jesuit chronicler of the Province. An original and basic work, though as yet incomplete. | Forms the first and second parts of the same author’s

The present volume consists of a historical intro- Historia de la conquista del Paraguay, Rio de la duction and a study of the legal status of Negroes. Plata y Tucumdn, which has also been edited in its Focused essentially on the slave trade and Negro entirety by Andrés Lamas (B.A., 1873-1875. 5 v.). slavery in the Rio de la Plata and the Banda Orien- . ‘ . . tal, though it sheds light on the system in the whole 3172. Muriel, Domingo. Historia del Para-

of Spanish America. guay desde 1747 hasta 1767. Pablo

3166. Zorraquin Becu, Ricardo. La condi- Hernande Z, (. Madrid, 1918. 659 p. cion Juridica de los grupos sociales su- rentes ala historia de América 19)

ee pas (Coleccion de libros y documentos refe-

perlores en la Argentina (siglos xvi a A continuation of Charlevoix’s history, covering the X viii). RIHD. no. 12, 1961: 106-146. years 1747-1767, by a former Jesuit missionary in

A precise analysis of the social status of the upper _ Paraguay. classes in the Rio de la Plata— officials, nobles, mer- cl, .

chants, clergy, etc.—underlining a growing sense of 3173. Pastells, Pablo, ed. Historia de la

exclusiveness at the end of the colonial period. Compania de Jesus en la provincia del

Paraguay. Madrid, 1912-1949. 8 v. maps.

G ; Missi Documentation Coleccién which f. €The GUaFanl MISSIONS was formedfrom with the transcripts from Pastells the Archivo Ge-

i. Sources neral de Indias. A distinguished compilation giving abstracts of documents for the history of the Jesuits in

. 7 Francisco Mateos.

3167. Bravo, Francisco J., comp. Coleccién the province of Paraguay. V. 6—8 were prepared by

de documentos relativos a la expulsién

de los jesuitas de la Republica Argentina ii. Secondary Works

yIll. del Paraguay en el reinado de Carlos Madrid, 1872. cx1, 404 p. illus. 3174. Bruxel, Arnaldo. O sistema de pro-

RIO DELA PLATA 293 priedade das _ reduco6es guaraniticas. and the consequences for their missions.

Pesquisas. AIAP. num. 3, 1959: 29-198. 3181. Mateos, Francisco. La guerra guaraniA good analysis of property-owning in the Jesuit tica y las misiones del Paraguay. MH.

missions in Paraguay, indicating its empirical natureano ~ ; a9, no. and its variety. ano 8, no. 23, 1951: 241-316; sas . . 25, 1952: 75-121.

3175. Furlong Cardiff, Guillermo. Misiones 4 detailed study of the origins and course of the war y sus pueblos de guaranies. B.A., 1962. of 1753-1756, the role of the Jesuits therein, and the

788 p. illus., maps, bibl. postwar conditions in the missions.

A basic andacopiously work by amissions Jesuit 3182. from Morner,their Magnus. scholar; historydocumented of the Guarani ° . The es -political ° Le and establishment to the end of the colonial period, cover economic activities of the Jesuits in the ing all aspects of the subject and arguing against the La Plata region: the Hapsburg era. Stockexistence of theocratic and paternalist elements in the holm, 1953. 254 p. maps, bibl.

Jesuit mission system. One of the most important contributions to the history 3176. Gonzalez, Julio C. Notas para una of Jesuit activities among the Guarani Indians in the historia de los treinta pueblos de Mi- scholarly appreciation of sources, identifying the parsiones. AHA. 1942-1943: 273-347; | ticular features of the mission’s organization, and giv-

- ae ae . sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, based on a

1943-1945: 141-185. ing much information on trade.

A scholarly study of conditions in the Paraguayan _ ~ pe ae

missions after the expulsion of the Jesuits, including a 3183. Porto, Aurelio. Historia das missoes discussion of the process of expulsion itself. The au- orientais do Uruguai. 2. ed. Porto Alegre,

r. Pernandez. Brasil 3-4).

thor cha'enges some of the conclusions reached by 1954. 2 v. map, bibl. (Jesuitas no sul do 3177. Hernandez, Pablo. El extranamiento First published in 1943, this scholarly work is an im-

de los jesuitas del Rio de la Plata y de portant contribution to the history of the Guarani

]as- Misiones 3 del PCel d tod missions, withGe a Luso-Brazilian emphasis. penetratfF afaguay por Gecreto ing history of the Jesuit missions inA southern Brazil Carlos III. Madrid, 1908. 420 p.(Colec- and the Rio de la Plata, including a valuable analysis cidn de libros y documentos referentes a of their social and economic structure. la historia de América 7).

Paraguay. , ys . :

A notable monograph on the expulsion of the Jesuits ; ;

from the Rio de la Plata, with particular focus on g. Education, Literature, and the Arts

an , a 3184. Furlong Cardiff, Guillermo. Arqui-

3178. Hernandez, Pablo. Misiones del Para- tectos argentinos durante la dominaci6n guay. Organizacion social de las doc- _hjispanica. B.A., 1946. 427 p. illus., bibl. trinas guaranies de la Compania de J esus. (His Cultura colonial argentina 4).

Barcelona, 1913. 2 v. illus., maps, bibl. A well-documented history of colonial architecture in

A basic work by a Jesuit scholar, documented from the Rio de la Plata, particularly valuable on Jesuit European and south American archives; with vara mission architecture in Paraguay.

documentary supplements, including José Cardiel’s , ye . , Breve relacion de las misiones del Paraguay (1770). 3185. Furlong Cardiff, Guillermo. Tomas

. _ Falkner y su ‘“‘Acerca de los Patagones,

3179. Jaeger, Luis Gonzaga. La compania 1788. B.A., 1954. 215 p. illus., bibl. de Jesus en el antiguo Guaira (1585- —(Egcritores coloniales rioplatenses 5).

163 1). Localizacion de sus trece reduc- An original study of the English physician, convert ciones. Pesquisas. AIAP. num. 1, 1957: and Jesuit in the Rio de la Plata and of his writings on

93-12]. Patagonia, although the actual authorship of the De-

An original contribution to the history of the Jesuit %¢ription of Patagonia is wrongly attributed to Falkmissions in Guaira up to the destruction of their set- "€r- One of a number of studies in Fr. Furlong’s series

tlements by the slave raiders from Sao Paulo. on the life and writings of Rio de la Platense Jesuits.

. ; 3186. Probst, Juan. La instrucci6n primaria

5180. Kr a ee te Leno: hisp ano- durante la dominaciOn espanola en el _ ecu ° cias. Roma. 1954. 312 y (In ctu territorio que forma actualmente la

t a t _ S ‘ot ti , Pp. Biblic- Republica Argentina. B.A., 1940. 83 p.

theca Instituti HistoriiS.1.5)SSStC*«*CS*«éMB- Istituto de Diiddctica. Facultad de CCA MNSHTUM PAISTOTICL S.2. 27: Filosofia y Letras de la Universidad de The principal work on thescholar. Spanish-Portuguese : Trabaios de i . 7 ary treaty of 1750, by a Jesuit Apart from BuenosboundAires. rabajos de Investigacion

diplomatic aspects, it is also important for Indian y de tesis 5).

reaction to the treaty, the expeditions of 1754 and A succinct, documented, and expert study of primary 1756 against Indian rebels, the attitude of the Jesuits, | education in the Rio de la Plata.

294 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA 7. Antecedents of Independence published in 1909; nothing has been done in the

present edition to clarify the provenance of the docua. Sources ments.

3187. Conjuracion de 1808 en Caracas para 3193. Venezuela (Capitania General). Real la formacion de una junta suprema guber- Audiencia. Causas de infidencia. Estudio

nativo. Caracas, 1949. 265 p. (Instituto preliminar por Mario Briceno Perozo. Panamericano de Geografia e Historia. Caracas, 1960. 2 v. (Biblioteca de la Comision de Historia. Comité de ori- Academia Nacional de la Historia 31-

genes de la emancipacion 3). 32).

Documents that shed light on the genesis of Vene- An important documentary collection of cases of subzuelan independence as revealed in the ‘‘conspiracy version prosecuted before the Audiencia of Caracas of 1808”; drawn from investigations made by royal _ inthe period 1786-1816. officials.

3188. Documentos relativos a la insurrec- b. Secondary Works

cion de Juan Francisco de Leon. Prdl. oe de Augusto Mijares. Caracas, 1949. 243 3194. Batillori, Miguel. El abate Viscardo:

p. (Instituto Panamericano de Geografia _—i+historia y mito de la intervencién de los e Historia. Comision de historia. Comité —_ Jesuitas en la independencia de hispano-

de origenes de la emancipacién 1). america. Caracas, 1953. xci, 334 p. bibl.

Documents on the revolt of 1749-1752 against the (Instituto Panamericano de Geografia Caracas Company, including substantial social and e Historia. Comisién de Historia. Comité

economic data. . de origenes de la emancipacion 10). ~ . ocusing on the career of Juan Pablo Viscardo and

3189. Garcia Chuecos, Héctor, ed. Docu- An authoritative contribution to the problem of the mentos relativos a la revolucién de Gual rore of the Jesuits in Spanish American independence, y Espana. Caracas, 1949. 369 p. Unsti- printing the latter’s ‘“‘Letter to Spanish Americans.”

tutoComisién Panamericano de Geografia e His3195. B ;in. toria. de Historia. Comité de 5. Beverina, Juan. Las invasiones origenes de la emancipaci6n 2). glesas al Rio de la Plata, 1806-1807.

A collection of documents concerning the origins, B.A., 1939. 2 Vv. maps. (Circulo Militar. course, and consequences of the revolutionary con- Biblioteca del oficial). spiracy of Gual and Espana in 1797. A detailed and documented narrative bistory.

3190. Hernandez de Alba, Guillermo, ed. 3196. Briceho, Manuel. Los comuneros: El proceso de Narino a la luz de docu- historia de la insurreccién de 1781. Bomentos inéditos. Bogota, 1958. 327 p. gota, 1880. 260 p. illus. (Biblioteca de historia nacional The first modern scholarly history of the rebellion of

91). the comuneros in New Granada in 1781, still valuable

A valuable documentary source (from Spanish ar- for ip orginal documentation, ans so for its thesis chives) on Narifio, his publication in Bogota of the '4t the rebellion was an independent movement. Rights of Man, his trial and subsequent return from 3497, Caillet-Bois, Ricardo R. Ensayo sobre

exile. . el Rio de la Plata y la revolucién fran-

3191. Moreno, Mariano. Escritos. B.A., cesa. B.A., 1929. 124, cxxxi p. bibl. 1943. 2 v. illus. (Biblioteca de clasicos (Publicaciones del Instituto de Investi-

argentinos 6-7). _ gaciones Historicas 49). V. 1 contains the writings of Moreno as a young A gtudy that assembles the available evidence —

lawyer in the years immediately preceding inde- though it is not perhaps conclusive — showing the inpendence; valuable evidence of the political and eco- — fjyence of the French Revolution in the Rio de la nomic thought of an incipient revolutionary in the Rio _ Plata. Substantial appendix of documents.

. -+ . ardenas Acosta, rabDio FE. movi-

de la Plata. Edited by Ricardo Levene. 3198. Card Acosta. Pablo E. El ;

S12. me vane La revoucion ve miento comunal de 1781 en el Nuevo

deCh| Rio a af)taene vencia de de Granada.deBogota, 2 v. NO de ce la fa Pl: tata, con ocurrencia CeReino bibl. (Biblioteca historia1960. nacional Chuquisaca, 1800-1810. La Paz, 1953. 96-97)

207, ccxe p. (Documentos para la his- 4 well-documented though somewhat obsessive study toria de la revolucién de 1809, 1). of the comunero revolt of 1781 and of its background, A basic documentary collection concerning the back- _ including labor, Indian, and Negro conditions.

ground and course of the revolution at La Paz in . ene

1809, preceded by a lengthy though now somewhat 3199. Fisher, Lillian E. The last Inca revolt,

dated description of the revolution by Pinto. First 1780-1783. Norman, 1966. 426 p. illus.,

ANTECEDENTS OF INDEPENDENCE 295 maps, bibl. (The civilization of the Amer- A detailed study of political developments in Buenos

ican Indian series 78). Aires Re 1808. focusing on Portuguese policy directed

A detailed narrative of the revolt of Tipac Amaru, “07! N10 Ge Janeiro. based in part on original documentation from Spanish ‘ _

and Peruvian archives. Interprets the revolt as a 3206. re tega, Exe que C. El complot co protest against Spanish administration, not against lonial, 1795: ano de procesos, tortura y Spanish sovereignty. A source of information. brindis por la libertad. B.A., 1947. 244 p. , sas . . A monograph based particularly on lawyers’ briefs of 3200. Garcia, Lautico. Francisco de Mi- 4795 and illustrating the social and intellectual disranda y el antiguo regimen espanol. Cara- quiet in the Rio de la Plata.

as, 196 . 325 de Dipl, (Mesa reconea de 3207. Pivel Devoto, Juan E. Raices coloa Comision de fiistoria del Instituto — niales de la revolucién oriental de 1811. Panamericano de Geografia e Historia Montevideo, 1952. 263 p

5). ; A scholarly study of the colonial background of Uru-

formation. ship.

A copiously documented study of Miranda’s career gyayan independence, including landed and commerto 1790, with emphasis on his intellectual and political ial interests, the British invasions, and creole leader-

3201. Instituto de Estudios Historicos Sobre 3598 Ppyente Candamo, José A. de la. La la Reconquista y Defensa de Buenos Aires. —_ idea de la comunidad peruana y el testi-

La reconquista y defensa de Buenos monio de los precursores. RUC. t. 15, Arles, 1806-1807. B.A.., 1947. 626 lp. no. 1. 1955: 34-72.

illus., map, bibl. A significant essay on the origins of a Peruvian na-

This volume is a point of departure for the study of a tional consciousness in the colonial period. Has also key antecedent of the Argentine revolution—the re- been published in book form, Lima, 1956. See also

sistance to the British invasions of 1806-1807. It the same author’s El Pert en el pensamiento de los

presents both articles on the subject and collected doc- _precursores. MP. afio 30, t. 36, no. 345, dic., 1955:

uments (previously published and otherwise), in de- 860-878.

luxe format. The “‘bibliography”’ is actually a short ;

group of book reviews. [D.B.] 3209. Roberts, Carlos. Las invasiones in3202. Lopez, Casto F. Juan Bautista Picor- glesas del Rio de la Plata, 1806-1807, y nell y la conspiracién de Gual y Espafia. la influencia inglesa en la independeneia Caracas, 1955: 440 p. illus. (Biblioteca y organizacion de las provincias del Rio

A narrative history, based on original documentation, map, bibl. ae ;

of the conspiracy of 1797 and of the role of Picornell. A history of the British invasions of the Rio de la

; Plata in 1806-1807; a basic and thorough compilation

3203. Macera, Pablo. Tres etapas en el of the evidence. cesar ye 6 « 63 conciencia nacional. 3210. Robertson, William S. Francisco de

A contribution to the study of the ideological origins Miranda and the revolutionizing of Spanof Peruvian independence in the eighteenth century, ish America. American Historical Asfocusing on the political thought of Bravo de Lagunas, sociation Annual Report, 1907. WashVictorino Montero, Baquijano y Carrillo, the Sociedad ington, 1909: 189-540.

de Amantes del Pais, and the Mercurio Peruano, with 4 scholarly and comprehensive investigation into the a concluding survey of the liberal movement in gen- revolutionary activity of the Venezuelan exile.

eral. Bibliographical notes.

3204. Meza Villalobos, Néstor. La actividad 3211. Simposio sobre la causa & ‘ Eman-

politica del reino de Chile entre 1806 y cipacion dei Peru. Lima, 17) /. La causa 1810. Santiago de Chile, 1958. 160 p. de la emancipacion del Peru. Testimonios

bibl. de la €poca precursora 1780-1820. Lima,

An original interpretation of the political ideas and 1960. 578 p. (Publicaciones del Instituto role of the Chilean aristocracy during the crisis of the Riva-Aguero 26).

Spanish empire, 1806~—1810. The papers of a symposium held by the Seminario de

3205. Molinari, Antecedentes de Historia of the Instituto Riva-Agiiero on theare origins y. Diego _ of L.Peruvian independence. The contributions no la revolucion de mayo. B.A.., I 922-1926. uniformly successful, but this is one of the few serious 3 Vv. (P ublicaciones del Instituto de In- attempts to explore in depth the origins of national

vestigaciones Historicas 14, 20, 32). consciousness in Spanish America.

296 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA G. Brazil MATHIAS C. KIEMEN, O.F.M.

The recording of “discoveries” in diaries and reports occupied Portuguese historians for a long time in Brazil, especially in the Amazon region. The impact of this strange new tropical world held the Europeans’ rapt attention. Only at the end of the sixteenth century was there a beginning at a more general view of the subject in the works of Fernao Cardim, S.J., although ““Edenic motives” still gripped men’s minds into the seventeenth century, and made their vision of Brazil a ‘“‘vision of paradise.”’ A more realistic view was that of Gabriel Soares de Sousa, a sugar-mill owner, who wrote his Tratado descritivo do Brasil (3254) in 1587. Significantly, it was a religious who first attempted to write a general history of the country, Frei Vicente do Salvador, in his Histdéria do Brasil (3232) in 1627, half-chronicle and half-history, but soberly based on the best sources available. Polemic and nationalistic chronicles became popular with the advent of the struggle in the seventeenth century caused by the Dutch seizure of Brazil’s north. There was an outpouring of pamphlets and books on both the Portuguese-Spanish side, and that of the Dutch. These works, however, were for the most part not general histories but narrations of happenings without any analysis. None stands out with any marked prominence.

Another theme that interested writers was the frontier movement of the bandeirante groups in search of slaves and of mineral wealth. Until modern times little was written defending the bandeirantes, and it was the Jesuit missioners who wrote most of the accounts in an effort to protect their Indians. Again no names are really outstanding. The eighteenth century brought a renewed sense of imperial feeling during the time of Pombal (1750-1777), who made a last-ditch effort to bring the decadent Portuguese Empire out of its doldrums. Slightly earlier, Rocha Pitta published in 1730 a history of Brazil, still more of a chronicle than a true history (3229). The

polemics engendered by Pombal’s struggle against the nobility and the Jesuits made evident the value of publishing documents of the past as the basis for argument. This tendency then came over into historical writing in general. This began the age of publication of colonial laws and of diaries of enlightened scientists and naturalists. The separation from Portugal evoked surprisingly little contemporary justifying history, since the separation was not as sharp as in Spanish America. After 1822, the Empire became severely introspective in its thinking, and little was done about the colonial period, except some slight denigration for political purposes. How-

ever, the Empire finally saw the giants of colonial history emerge: Francisco Adolfo de Varnhagen (3231) and Capistrano de Abreu (3223). Of the two, Varnhagen was less a thinker than Abreu, but he did succeed in placing Brazilian historiography on a firm basis of manuscript documentation from the archives of Europe. Abreu began a revolution among Brazilian historians by using basic

documentation as a springboard for provocative thinking about the colonial period. This tendency has been taken over in the twentieth century by Manoel de

BRAZIL 297 Oliveira Lima, Alceu Amoroso Lima, Gilberto Freyre, José HonG6rio Rodrigues, and Tarquinio de Sousa. Much more attention, however, is being given today by these and other Brazilian historians to contemporary history and its interpretation than to colonial history.

1. Bibliographies and Guides Ultramarina. Inventario dos documentos

ar , relativos ao Brasil existentes no Arquivo

3212. Asher, ueore M. Me eee nical de Marinha e Ultramar. Organisado por and historical essay on the Dutch books Eduardo de Castro e Almeida. Rio, and pamphlets relating to New Nether- 913-192 6v. . 1913-1921.

land and to the Dutch West India Com- Ap invaluable listing of manuscripts, mostly concernpany and to its possessions in Brazil, _ ing the area of Bahia.

Angola, ete. Amsterdam, 1854-1867. 3919, Lisbon. Biblioteca Nacional. Seccdo Line wei eseential 10 ihe understanding of the his- Ultramarina. A Seccao Ultramarina da tory of Brazil in the first half of the seventeenth cen- Biblioteca Nacional. Inventarios. Lis-

tury.. .boa, 1928. 333 p. as Of special importance for the listings of the manu3213. Batllori, Miguel. Bibliografia de Sera- script volumes of the Overseas Council and the Naval

fim Leite, S. J. Roma, 1962. 105 p.(Sub- Office, today kept in the Arquivo Histérico Ultrasidia ad historiam S.]. Series minor 5). marino in Lisbon. Pt. 1 is by M. A. H. Fitzler, pt. 2 A bibliography compiled to celebrate Serafim Leite’s by Antonio Ennes, pt. 3 by Ernesto Ennes.

seventieth birthday. An outstanding authority on the 3999, Rodriques, José Honorio. Brasil: peJesuits in Brazil, Leite used and during annotated ‘od lonial. 1953. 175O, . p. mary and secondary sources hismany longpricareer. M100México. Colonial. Mex! This is a listing of his writings, dealing primarily with - aphical but dy. divided chonolog Ally and topically.

history, language, and Merature, IS.B.] _ (Programa de historia de América, 2: Periodo colonial

3214. Brazil. Ministerio das Relagoes Ex- 1).

eran eeparamen‘o de Aqminis!a- 3221. Rodrigues, José Honério. Hist6ria e

gao. Arquivo HMistorico do Itamaraty. historiadores do Brasil. SAo Paulo, 1965.

Parte III, Documentacao anterior a 183 p.

1822. Introdugao do José Carlos de Essays on the “negative and positive tendencies of Macedo Soares. Rio, 1956. 242 p. Brazilian historiography, as well as the difficulties

Most of the documents listed are from the eighteenth facing it.”” A personal view of what is of value in his-

and early nineteenth centuries. torical studies, in the past and the future.

3215. Camargo, Paulo F. da Silveira. Fontes 3222. Rodrigues, José Hondério. Historio-

primarias para o estudo da historia reli- grafia del Brasil. México, 1957-1963. giosa de Sao Paulo no século xvi. Sao 2 v. (Instituto Panamericano de Geo-

istory. 6).

Paulo, 1948. grafia e Historia. Comision de Historia.

Source listings for this important phase of Brazilian Publicaciones 82, 93. Historiografias 4, 3216. Ferreira, Carlos A. Inventdrio dos !storiographical notes on a selected number of hismanuscritos da Biblioteca da Ajuda re- ‘72S and their outstanding works.

1946. 682 p. 2. General

ferentes a América do Sul. Coimbra,

This book makes it possible to find South American ~ ° 2 material in a poorly cataloged but rich royal library 3223. Abreu, Joao Cap istrano de. Capitulos

in Lisbon. de historia colonial 1500-1800. 4. ed.

. ,; Rodrigues. Sao Paulo, 1954. 386 p.

3217. Figueiredo, Anténio Mesquita de. Ar- rev., anot. e pref. por José Honorio quivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo. illus. (Publicacdes da Sociedade Capis-

Roteiro practico. Lisboa, 1922. 100 rano p. t Ge dereu?. Ab“1s ‘ P. The chief general guidebook to the main collections history of Brazil. torians. Somewhat deterministic and evolutionary in

in this archive of supreme importance for the colonial ‘ ™asterful work by one of Brazil’s greatest his-

; _ tone. This edition was re-issued in 1960, minus Rodri-

3218. Lisbon. Biblioteca Nacional. Seccao gues’s introduction (311p.)(1. ed. 1907. 216 p.).

298 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA 3224. Beauchamp, Alphonse de. Histoire du Written in the nineteenth century (1. ed. Madrid,

Brésil depuis sa découverte en 1500 fist, of the colomial period. The author, an idle jusqu en 1810. Paris, 1815. 3 Vv. Map. fatigable archival researcher, although subjective in

Translated and published in Rio de Janeiro in 1817. many of his views, gathered an immense amount of

Considered to be one of the better early histories gqocymentation and wrote a creditable history, al-

written by a foreigner. though somewhat lacking in perspective and arrange3225. Casal, Manuel Ayres de. Corografia ™ent. brasilica. Facsimile da ed. de 1817. Rio, 3232. Vicente do Salvador. Hist6ria do Bra1945. 420 p. (Ministerio da Educagao e sil. 3. ed. rev. por Capistrano de Abreu e

Saude, Instituto Nacional do Livro, Rodolpho Garcia. Sao Paulo, 1931. 632 Colecao obras raras 2). p. maps.

Fr. Casal was an erudite priest living at the endofthe The first general history of Brazil written in Brazil by colonial period, who writes in this work a resume of a Brazilian. It is more than a chronicle. The author’s geographical facts about Brazil. Not an original travel- style is verbose, sometimes difficult, but also genial. ing geographer, he is nevertheless called the “‘father of

Brazilian geography.” ; . 3. Sources 3226. Cunha, Amadeu. Sertoes e fronteiras -o. do Brasil, noticia de época colonial. 3233. Andreoni, Joao A. Cultura e opulencia Lisboa, 1945. 372 p. do Brasil por suas drogas, e minas, com

A modern study of Portuguese expansion in early varias noticias curiosas do modo de

Brazil. fazer o assucar; plantar & beneficar o

3227. Gandavo, Pedro de Magalhaes de. tabaco; tirar ouro das minas; & descuHistoria da Prouincia de Sancta Cruz a brir as da prata; E dos grandes emolu-

que vulgarmente chamamos Brasil . . . Lis- mentos que esta conquista da America

boa, 1576. 48 1. Meridional da ao Reyno de Portugal

A pamphlet rather than a book. Translated and aug- com estes, & outros generos & contracmented by John Stetson, Jr., and published by the tos reaes. Lisboa, 1711. 205 p.

Cortes Society under title The histories of Brazil(2 v. | One of the truly important books of the colonial pe-

N.Y., 1922). riod. According to C. R. Boxer, none of the later edi-

3228. Handelmann, Heinrich. Geschichte {inte the first edition was immediately confiscated by

von Brasilien. Berlin, 1860. 989 p. the Portuguese government because of its contents,

Still valuable for the colonial period. Portuguese trans. and the book was hardly known until the nineteenth published in RHGB, t. 108, v. 162, 1931, by Lucia century. Describes in great detail the agricultural and

urquim Laymeyer. mineral riches of Brazil.

3229. Pitta, Sebast‘ao dz Rocha. Historia 3234, Autos de devassa da Inconfidéncia da América Portuguesa desde o anno de Mineira. Rio, 1936-1938. 7 v. mil e quinhentos do seu descobrimento, Of paramount importance for understanding the naaté o de mil e setecentos e vinte e quatro. tivist tax rebellion of 1783 in the mining country of

3. ed. Bahia, 1950. Minas Gerais.

Written in the early eighteenth century and published 3235, Caldas, José Antonio, ed. Noticia geral

in Lisbon in 1730(716 p.), this is an old-style chronicle tani :

with generally inadequate sources. Nevertheless, it de toda esta capitania da Bahia desde contains much detailed information on the history of oO seu escobrimento ate O presente ano Brazil from 1500 to 1724 and is the first history of de 1759. Edicao facsimilar. Salvador,

) ~ -IV. : ~

Brazil by a Brazilian, after that of Vicente do Salvador 1951. 742 p. illus., maps.

written a century earlier. An official account of the city of Salvador from its be3230. Southey, Robert. History of Brazil. ginnings to 1759. Includes civil, ecclesiastical, and

London. 1810-1819. 3 military information.

This work is a mine of information for all interestedin 3236. Cardim, Fernao. Tratados da terra e

the history of Brazil. The author betrays his English gente do Brasil. IntroducOes e notas de Protestant outlook on numerous occasions, but has a Baptista Caetano, Capistrano de Abreu high regard for the work of the Jesuits. Translated into , . Portuguese by L. J. Oliveira e Castro and published in © Rodolpho Garcia. Rio, 1925. 434 p.

Rio de Janeiro in 6 v. in 1862. Cardim was an important Jesuit of the second half of

the sixteenth century. Brazilian historians consider his

A eae . e latter part of the century. This volume includes

3231. Varnhagen, Francisco A. de, visconde writings of great value to understanding ate in Brazi in de Porto Seguro. Histo ra geral do Brasil three works of Cardim: Do Clima e Terra do Brasil; antes de sua separacao © independéncia Do principio e origem dos Indios do Brasil; and Narrade Portugal. 4. ed. Sao Paulo, 1948.5 v. _ tivo Epistolario de uma viagem e missao Jesuitica pela

BRAZIL 299 Bahia, Ilheos, Pérto Seguro, Pernambuco, Espirito contains precious material on administrative, eco-

Santo, Rio de Janeiro, e Sao Vicente... nomic, military, and religious history. 3237. Cartas jesuiticas. Rio, 1886-1887. 2 3245. Martin de Nantes. Relation succinte et

v. (Materials e achégas para a historia e sincere de la mission du Pere Martin de

geographica do Brasil 2, 4). Nantes, prédicateur Capucin, missio-

Especially important for the letters of the early Jesuits naire apostolique dans de Brézil parmy

in the sixteenth century. les Indiens appellés Cariris. Quimper,

3238. Claude d’Abbeville. Histoire de la mis- n.d. [ca. 1706-1707]. Edicao fac-similar

sion des peres Capucins en l’Isle de publicada por Frederico G. Edelweiss, Maragnan...Paris, 1614. 395 leaves. illus. Bahia, 1952. 233 p.

The French Capuchins published a flood of literature | The best account of the work of the French Capuchins about the three years they worked in Maranhao, 1612- _in the Pernambuco area in the seventeenth century. 1615. The above work, and that of Yves d’Evreux, are The author arrived there in 1671.

the most famous. Abbeville wrote more about the . mission work, while Evreux wrote more of the civil 3246. Mendonga, Marcos Carneiro de. A

history. A facsimile edition of Abbeville, now also Amazonia na era pombalina. Corresponrare, was published by Paulo Prado in Paris in 1922. déncia inédita do Governador e Capitao-

3239. Cortesao, Jaime, ed. A carta de Pero General do Estado do Grao Para e Vaz de Caminha. Rio, 1943. 351 p. map. Maranhao, Francisco Xavier de Men(Coleco classicos e contemporaneos 1). donga Furtado, 1751-1759. Rio, 1963.

A careful study of the first report on Brazil sent back 3 v. illus., maps.

by Cabral in 1500. This massive collection of letters, published by the 3240. D storiapara d Instituto e Geografico is ofhistory par2 - Documentos a historia daHist6rico con- ticular importance for the Brasileiro, eighteenth-century quista e colonizacao da costa de leste- of northern Brazil. Mendonga was the brother of the oeste do Brasil. ABN. v. 26, 1905: 1SQ— Marquis of Pombal.

526. | . 3247. Rau, Virginia, anddocuments Maria F.. ‘G. One of the most important sets of printed :;

da

on the conquest of the northeast and north of Brazil. antes os euenaienns do arquivo ca The transcription is accurate, although the prove- casa e Cadaval respeitantes ao Brasil.

nience is not always given. Coimbra, 1955-1958. 2 v. (Acta Uni-

3241. Documentos relativos a historia da versitatis conimbrigensis)._ ;

. ad . depois ‘ncia dprovincia 50 P The Cadaval archive contains much material capitania, de Sao edro onfamily Brazil. The documents are transcribed with exdo Rio Grande do Sul, compilados e _ tremecare.

coptados na Secreta “ governe €M 3248. Rio de Janeiro. Biblioteca Nacional.

Barkc H care, di M 3. 0 ide te da Antecedentes do Tratado de Madrid: arao Tromem Ce 1796-1803 RIHGB. Jesuitas e Bandeirantes no Paraguai,

:-40. 193-309 1703-1751. Rio,De 1955. 328 p.6). (ManusFU,FelParle t. critos da colecao Angelis

Documents important for the study of the State of Of tj for th derstandi f th Rio Grande do Sul and the neighboring area, in colo- great importance lor the understanding © ¥

nial times. Bee of Madrid concerning the southern part of razil.

3242. Jaboatao, Antonio de Santa Maria. . ; Novo orbe serafico brasilico, ou chronica 3249. Rio de Janeiro. Biblioteca Nacional. dos Frades Menores da provincia do Documentos historicos. v. 1-110. Rio,

Brasil. Rio, 1858-1862. 5 v. 1928-1955. . |

First published in 1761, this chronicle covers Francis- Suspended with v. 110. Brazilian colonial documents can activity in Brazil from the beginning to that date. in the ‘National Library: provisoes, patentes, alvaras,

3243. Livro Grosso do Maranhao. ABN. v. — . — . 66-67 aaa ° anhao. ABN. v 3250. Rio de Janeiro. Biblioteca Nacional. A masterful collection of documentation for the early Jesuitas e bandeirantes no Guaira (1549 history of the Amazon region by the recognized Bra- [.e., [5 94]-1640). Introd. por J aime Cor-

zilian scholar of this area, Arthur Cézar Ferreira Reis. tesao. Rio, 1951. 506 p. illus., map.

3244. Livro primeiro do governo do Brasil, A Ce ae oe se ante ees othe

res. Rio, , p. illus. ; —

sored oe . hose $63 J. ins de Macedo early Jesuit missions in southern Brazil and Paraguay. This is a set of documents published by the Ministerio 3251. Rio de Janeiro. Biblioteca Nacional. das Relacdes Exteriores dating from 1607 to 1633. It Tratado de Madrid: antecedentes, colo-

300 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA nia do Sacramento, 1669-1749. Introd. _ tory. It is concerned mainly with the Indians of the Rio por Jaime Corteséo. Rio, 1954. 470 p. de Janeiro area, and the flora and fauna there. Thévet

illus. (Manuscritos de colecaoSimao De Angelis 5). 3259. Vasconcelos, de.veaenen Chronica. da

Important as background for the Treaty of Madrid. Companhia de Jest do Brasil . . . 2. ed.

3252. SadoaePaulo (City). Camara 1865. v. cov_ Vasconcelos livedMunicipal. from 1596Lisboa, to 1671. His 2work

Atas. 1629-. Sao Paulo, 1914-1923. 27 v. ers the most important part of the Jesuit development

An invaluable set of documents important for the so- in Brazil.

cial and political study of this region. Issued by the . _ Arquivo Municipal. 3260. Vide, Sabastiao Monteiro da. Consti3253. Sluiter, Engel, ed. Document: report Bare Vicboa | do Arcebispado da

for 1612. . .

on the State of Brazil, 1612 (Rezao do Archbishop da Was Othe finct tocesan synod in se ° Brasil). HAHR, v. 29, 1949: Portuguese America in 1707. The ensuing constitu-

~ . tions here presented became the legal code for all

One of the most important colonial documents, con- dioceses in the country until well into the nineteenth taining a complete report on all aspects of life in Brazil century.

3254, § Gabriel + 3261. Yves de Evreux. Suite de histoire des

ae soe”, , Maragnan, es années e . Paris,

critivo do Brasil em 1587. Sao Paulo, $hoses, plus _memorables, advenues, en 1938. 493 p. (Biblioteca pedagogica bra- 161 5364 leaves.

Te eden te ae erkamougn ita apts ty ste Prone tenes in ; aranhao, which lasted three years. This work has not the most available, is that of 1851 under the editor- historic, ethnographic and literary value. It was reship of Varnhagen. Soares de Sousa came out to Brazil — published by Ferdinand Denis in Paris, 1864. from Portugal in 1569 and lived there until 1586 as a sugar-mill owner. He attempted to give a complete de-

scription of Brazil, and especially of Bahia, as he knew 4. Law and Government it. Itis considered the most important of the chronicle . of the sixteenth.century. P ° 3262. Boxer, Charles R. Portuguese society

3255. 5 Pero L de. Diarjo d in the tropics. The municipal councils of - oousa, ero Lopes de. Liarlo da nave- Goa, Macao, Bahia and Luanda, 1510-

gacao [de 1530 a 1532] comentado por —_—_1 800. Madison, 1965. 240 f. illus., maps,

Eugénio de Castro. Prefacio de Capis- bibl.

trano de Abreu. 6. ed. Rio, 1927. 2 v. Boxer studies the composition, function, and crisis

illus., maps. action of the various councils. The municipal council

These editions of Sousa’s work are considered among Of Salvador, Bahia, is studied on p. 72-109.

the best bibliographical efforts published in Brazil. , . A Pero Lopes de Sousa was the brother of Martim 3263. Garcia, Rodolpho. E Nsato sobre a Afonso de Sousa and accompanied him on his voyage historia politica e administrativa do Braof 1530-1532. sil, 1500-1810. Rio, 1956. 294 p. (Co-

3256. Studart, Guilherme, bardo de, ed. , !e¢ao documentos brasileiros 84), Documentos para a histéria de Martim pj SUSY OF fie acuninistrative lustory ©

Soares Moreno... Fortaleza, 1905. 116 p. ; ; ; oo, A collection of documents concerning a leading mili- 3264. Martins Junior, José. Historia do

tary figure in northern Brazil in the early seventeenth direito nacional para uso dos alumnos das

century. faculdades juridicas da Republica, abran3257. Studart, Guilherme, barao de, ed. gence © estudo synthetic i ange "a Documentos para a histéria do Brasil e DR: poRoe 500 € da orasieira ate

especialmente a do Ceara 1608-1625. - NIO, - P. Fortaleza. Ceard. 1909-1921. 4 v A college textbook for legal students, containing

Of great importance for the history of no rthern Brazil résumés of colonial legislation effective in Brazil.

Sources are not always indicated for documents, and 3265. Vasconcelos, Diogo de. Linhas gerais

it is to be presumed that these documents were from da administracdo colonial. Como se

own exercia. O vice-rei, os capitées mores de

3258. Thévet, André, O.F.M. Les singulari- vilas e cidades. Anais do Primeiro Con-

tez de la France Antartique .. . Paris, greso de Historia Nacional (1914), 3:

1558. 163 leaves, illus. 281-298. Tomo especial da RIHGB.

This is more of a natural history than a political his- A short treatise on the functioning of colonial govern-

BRAZIL 301 ment and the responsibilities of the various higher which began in 1750. Also contains economic inofficials. formation on the whole eighteenth century.

5. International Relations 3273. Ellis, Myriam. Aspectos da pesca da

, baleia no Brasil colonial. Sao Paulo,

3266. Boxer, Charles R. Salvador de Sa and 1958. 126 p. illus., maps.

the struggle for Brazil and Angola, 1602- An excellent documented study on whaling in the 1686. London, 1952. 444 p. illus., map. colonial period.

An interesting and well-documented account of the . . 4: the Portuguese Empire. Estado do Brasil, 1631-1801. Sao Paulo,

international relations between Brazil and the rest of 3274. Ellis, My riam. O monopolio do sal no

~ . 1956. 265 p. mao e o tratado de Madrid, 1750. Rio, ;

3267. Cortesao, Jaime. Alexandre de Gus- An excellent study based on documentary sources.

1950-1963. 5 v. in 9. illus., maps. 3275. Freitas, Gustavo de. A Companhia

. . isti ny es-

An excellent, well-documented work on the important Geral do Comercio do Brasil, 1649-

treaty of 1750. 1720. Subsidios para a historia econo-

3268. Reis, Arthur Cézar Ferreira. Limites mica de Portugal e do Brasil. Sao Paulo, © demarcagoes na Amazonia brasileira, A stay r a early state monopolistic company e I. A fronteira colonial com a Guiana tablished in Brazil and Portugal.

Francesa. II. A fronteira com as colonias espanholas. 2 v. Rio, 1947-1948. (Pu- 3276. Leme, Pedro Taques de Almeida

blicagdes da Comissao Brasileira Demar- Paes. Informagao sobre as minas de Sao

cadora de Limites. Primeira Divisao). Paulo e dos sert6es de sua capitania

Documentary studies on the frontier struggles of desde o anno de 1597 até o presente,

Portuguese America with French Guiana and the 1772. RIHGB. v. 64, 1901. Spanish colonies adjacent to Brazil. This official had access to all important documenta-

: ; . . mining in southern Brazil. do Brasil no regime colonial. Rio, 1939. . _ . 239 p. illus., maps, bibl. (Colecdo docu- 3277. Magalhaes, Basilio de. O acucar nos

3269. Soares, José C. de Macedo. Fronteiras tion, and this volume is of importance for a study of

mentos brasileiros 19). primordios do Brasil colonial. Rio, 1953.

Authoritative account of Brazil’s frontier difficulties 204 p. during the colonial period. Includes the texts of many Stresses the importance of sugar and the sugar trade

judicial and political acts. from very earliest colonial times.

3278. Mauro, Frédéric. Le Portugal et

6. Economy lAtlantique au xvui® siécle, 1570-1670.

; Paris,Manoel 1960.Pinto lviti,de.550 p. illus., 3270. .Aguiar, Bancos no biblmaps, ,PP Brasil colonial, tentativas de OrganiZa¢aO The part played by Portugal in the Atlantic commerce

bancaria em Portugal e no Brasil ate and politics. so de SeaNar rae nT RY p. illus. (Cole- 3279. Prado Junior, Caio. Formacao do A short but valuable study on the beginnings of mod- Br asil contemporaneo: . Colonia. 6. ed.

ern banking in colonial Brazil. Sao Paulo, 1961. 390 p. illus., bibl. . oo. Concerned mainly with the economic side of the his-

3271. Canabrava, Alice P. O comercio tory of the period immediately preceding indepenportugués no Rio da Prata, 1580-1640. dence, but contains much material on the earlier peSado Paulo, 1944. 174 p. (Faculdade de "ods also. Filosofia, Ciéncias e Letras. Boletim 35). 3280. Simonsen, Roberto C. Histéria ecoStudies the of substantial yortuguese commercial n6mica do Brasil, Sao Paulo tration the Rio de la Plata penein the period of1500-1820. the union ~°

of the crowns, and the route from Brazil via Tucuman 1944, 3. ed. Sao . Paulo, 1957. 475 . Pp. to Upper Peru. Standard monograph, based on Span- illus., _ Maps. (Biblioteca pedagogica

. a formato 10).

ish and Portuguese sources. [J.L.] brasileira: Sér. 5. Brasiliana. Grande 3272. Carnaxide, Antoni o de Sousa Pedroso, A traditional interpretation of Brazil’s economic his-

visconde de. © Brasil na administragao tory, pombalina. Economia e politica externa.

Sao Paulo, 1940. 356 p. (Biblioteca peda- 7. Society gogica brasileira. Sér. 5. Brasiliana 192). Primarily concerned with the reign of King Joseph I, 3281. Andrade, Almir de. Formacao da

302 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA sociologia brasileira. v. 1: Os primeiros Rio de Janeiro.

estudos sociais no Brasil, séculos xvi, 3290. Kiemen, Mathias C. The Conselho XVil, € Xvill. Rio, 1941. 318 p. illus., Ultramarino’s first legislative attempts

maps, bibl. . to solve the Indian question in America, “ suey ne colonial social historians and their methods 1643-1647. TA. v. 14, Jan., 1958: 259271. 3282. Azevedo, Thales de. Povoamento da _ Recounts the first of a long line of legislative attempts

cidade do Salvador. 2. ed. Sio Paulo to solve the social question of the Indian.

1955. 504 p. bibl. (Biblioteca peda- 3291. Kiemen, Mathias C. The Indian policy gogica brasileira. Sér. 5. Brasiliana 281). of Portugal in America with special refA socioeconomic study of the founding and peopling erence to the Old State of Maranhao, of the old capital city of Brazil: Salvador, Bahia. 1500-1755. TA. v. 5, Oct., 1948: 131-

3283. Boxer, Charles R. Race relations in 164; Apr., 1949: 439-461.

the Portuguese colonial empire, 1415- Primarily a study of the laws for Indian protection

1825. Oxford. 1963. 136 , and regimentation promulgated by the Portuguese

- Uxtord, : 136 p. crown during the colonial period. More concerned with Africa and the Far East, but ; ; also of importance in studying Brazil’s race relations 3292. Machado, Jose de Alcantara. Vida e in colonial times. morte do bandeirante. Sao Paulo, 1953.

bibl. ;

3284. Calmon, Pedro. Historia da casa da Introd. Sergio Milliet. 260 p. illus. A . . : . A sociological study of the vicissitudes of bandeirante Torre uma dinastia de pioneiros. 2. ed. jiving

Rio, 1958.22). 251 p. (Colegao documentos brasileiros 3293. Moog, Clodomiro Vianna. Ban-

The history of the most famous ranching family in deirantes and Pioneers. L. L. Barrett, tr. the Bahia area. They built up almost a feudal empire N.Y., 1964. 316 p. bibl.

in the Rio Sao Francisco area. Published originally in 1954, this volume attempts a . . . comparison and contrast between the development of

3285. Calmon, Pedro. Historia social do civilization in the United States and in Brazil. The

Brasil. I. Espirito da sociedade colonial. author seems guilty of various oversimplifications, but 2. ed. Sao Paulo, 1937-1939. 3 v., illus., there are many profound ideas discussed.

General synthesis of social history, written in rhetori- sou ines a, inion | Lp seu of oer cal style with few sources mentioned. ardim]. A Cidade colonial. N10, _ 344 p. bibl. (Colegao documentos brasi-

3286. Carneiro, Edison. O quilombo dos leiros 110).

Palmares. 2. ed. Sao Paulo, 1958. 268 Portrait of a colonial city of Brazil, based on docup. bibl. (Biblioteca pedagégica brasileira. ments of the period.

te: 5. Brasiliana 302). laves in th 3295. Ott, Carlos. A Santa Casa de Misericolonial period. Own set up Dy runaway Slaves in the cordia da cidade do Salvador. Rio, 1960.

— 237 p. map, bibl. (Publicacoes do Patri-

3287. Costa, Luiz Edmundo da. Rio in the monio Historico e Artistico Nacional time of the viceroys. Dorothea H. Mom- 21). sen, tr. Rio, 1936. 353 p. illus., bibl. A documented study of the city hospital in Salvador,

An interesting study of eighteenth-century customs in Bahia.

Brazil. Important for social history. . aA 4s ”ban nome * 3296. Pereira, Nuno Marques. Compéndio

3288. Freyre, Gilberto. The masters and the narrativo do peregrino da América. Ed.

slaves. Samuel Putnam, tr. N.Y., 1946. completada com a 2? parte, até agora

Ixxi, 537 p. illus., bibl. inédita, acompanhada de notas e estudos

A study in depth of all classes involved in slavehold- de Varnhagen Leite de Vasconcelos ing during the colonial period. Translated into many A _ , languages. This book has presented a new picture of Afranio Peixto, | Rodolpho Garcia e

Brazil to the world. Later criticism has tempered some Pedro Calmon. Rio, 1939. 2Vv. of his more extreme conclusions, but has left the A moralistic view of early eighteenth-century mores

ne Uma studies. 3289. Gurgel, Heitor. familia carioca do século xvi. Rio, 1964. 119 p. illus., 3297. Ricardo Leite, Cassiano. Marcha para

argument of the book almost intact. in Brazil Interesting for sociological and ethnological

bibl. Oeste. A influéncia da “Bandeira” na

Social study of a typical family in sixteenth-century formacao social e politica do Brasil. 3.

BRAZIL 303 ed. rev. Rio, 1959. 2 v. Rio, 1935. xxxviii, 195 p. Publicacédes the bandeirante movements and all other methods of . ace . . . . ~ penetration into interior Brazil. 3306. Inquisition. Brazil. Primeira visitacao The social and political developments stemming from da Sociedade Capistrano de Abreu).

3298. Wiznitzer, Arnold. Jews in colonial c° Santo tens as pare ao Brasil, pelo Brazil. N.Y., 1960. 227 p. illus., map icenciado Heitor Furtado de Mendoca.

bibl ” , , Denunciacdes da Bahia, 1591-1593.

A sympathetic account of the history of the Jews and Sao Paulo, 1925. 571 p. (Serie Eduardo

New Christians in colonial Brazil. Prado para melhor se conhecer o Brasil).

_ 3307. Inquisition. Brazil. Primeira visitagao

8. Religion do Santo Officio As partes do Brasil, pelo 3299. Azevedo, Joao L. de. Os Jesuitas no licenciado Heitor Furtado de Mendoga.

Grao Para. suas missGes e a coloniza- Tage aes Pra aura 50) >.

cio. ed. rev.Eduardo Coimbra,Prado 1930.para 436 p. 7?: , , se Pmap.2.(Série melhor

The best one-volume synthesis of the work of the conhecer o Brasil). Lo.

Jesuits in the Amazon region of Brazil. Sources are he Holy Office of the Inquisition was never formally

not always adequately footnoted. established in Brazil with a permanent seat. Various

_ . ae ‘‘visitations’” were held, of which the above were the

3300. Baiao, Antonio. A inquisicao em Por- _ first. Most of the cases had to do with New Christians,

tugal e no Brasil. Lisboa, 1921. 288,81 p. unnatural vices, and witchcraft. This work contains many original records of the In- 3398, Leite, Serafim. Artes ¢ oficios dos

_ . Jesuitas no Brasil, 1549-1760. Lisboa,

3301. Betendorf, Joao Felippe, S. J. Chro- 1953. 324 p. bibl.

nica da MISSao dos padres da Compa-_ Gives an illuminating idea of the various arts and nhia de Jesus no Estado do Maranhao. crafts practiced and taught by the Jesuits in Brazil.

Written at the ond of the seventeenth century, this 330%. Leite, Serafim. Historia da Compachronicle treats of the complete history of the Jesuits nhia de J €sus No Brasil. Lisboa, 1938from the beginning in 1617 to approximately 1690. 195 0. 10 v., illus., maps.

S i : , 1. .

A , , . These nine volumes (v. 10 is a general index) form the

3302. Caeir 0, José. Os J esuitas do Brasil most elaborate and complete history of any religious

e da India na perseguicao do Marqués _ order in Brazil.

A ease pate loin thee ‘struggle with 3310. Leite, Serafim. Suma historica da

Pombal in 1759-1761. The book was written in the Companhia de Jesus no Brasil: aSSIS~ eighteenth century by the Jesuit, Fr. Caeiro, and was tencia de Portugal, 1549-1760. Lisboa, first printed in this edition in 1936. Latin and Portu- 1965. 291 p. bibl. guese texts, the latter translated by Fr. Manuel Mar- A summary of Leite’s 10-volume history of the Jesuits

tins, S.J., appear on facing pages. in colonial Brazil. -

3303. Cardozo, Manoel S. The lay brother- 3311. Lidholm de Oliveira, Oscar. Os di-

hoods of colonial Bahia. CHR. v. 33, zimos eclesiasticos do Brasil nos peri-

Apr., 1947: 12-30. odos da colénia e do império. Juiz de

The best work in English on the colonial church Fora, Brasil, 1940. 260 p.

brotherhoods, so important for the understanding of | A doctoral dissertation, using to advantage Roman,

ecclesiastical conditions in Brazil. Portuguese, and Brazilian sources, which treats clearly a toe. of the institution of tithes in colonial and imperial 3304. Conceicao, Apolinario da. Claustro Brazil.

portucnenn” ore nO eomno da coroa 3312. Motta, Fidelis, padre. Capuchinhos An account of Franciscan activity in Brazil from 1584 em terras de s anta Cruz nos séculos xvii, to 1740. The author was a lay brother of the Brazilian Xvill, e xix. Sao Paulo, 1942. 384 p. Franciscan Province of the Immaculate Conception. Scattered notes on Capuchin activity in Pernambuco,

Alvares Rocha. b. 1692). , aesdébre A o. - , .,da , 3313. Prat, André. Notas historicas

(Apolinario da Conceigao was the name in religion of | Bahia, Maranhao, and Para.

3305. Inquisition. Brazil. Primeira visitagao as missoes Carmelitas no extremo norte

do Santo Officio as partes do Brasil, do Brasil, séculos xvii, xviii, e xix. Re-

pelo licenciado Heitor Furtado de Men- cife, 1941. 328 p. illus., maps, bibl.

doca. ConfissO6es da Bahia, 1591-1592. The Carmelite friars had extensive missions in the

304 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA Amazon region in the seventeenth and eighteenth Petropolis, 1944. 77 p.

centuries. This volume gives the available scattered Pages 78-92 treat the system of studies among the

information. Franciscans of southern Brazil, in whose schools lay

3314. Reis, Arthur Cézar Ferreira. The ‘tudents also studied.

Franciscans andv.the of the 10.4Literature Li zon region. TA. 11,opening Oct., 1954: 173-Ama- Art and A résumé 193. ; of Franciscan in the 3323. Castedo, of Francisactivities activities in Athe Amazon re-Leopoldo. . “1: The baroque prev-

_ ; 151 p. illus., bibl.

gion from 1617 to 1696 by a noted historian. alence in Brazilian art. N.Y., 1964. 3315. Ribeiro, Reneé. Relations of the Negro An interesting study of baroque art in Brazil by a with Christianity in Portuguese America. noted art historian.

oonet ditions. Ken 7

TA. v. 14, Apr., 1958: 454-484. 3324. Lamego, Alberto. A Academia BraA provocative sociological study of the Negro’s re- zilica dos Renascidos. sua fundacdo e

action to Christianity under slave con itions trabalhos inéditos. Paris, 1923. 120 Dp.

3316. Ricard, Robert. Comparison of evan- The Academy of the Reborn was one of scores of gelization in Portuguese and Spanish _ literary clubs that were founded in Brazil in the latter America. TA. v. 14, Apr., 1958: 444—_ halfofthe eighteenth century.

453. 3325. Lima, Manoel de Oliveira. Aspectos

A penetrating and important essay on the differ- da literatura colonial brasileira. Leipzig, ences between the Spanish American and Brazilian 1896. 301 p. bibl.

Church. Interesting studies on some of the outstanding works

3317. Romag, Dagoberto. Historia dos of colonial literature.

Franciscanos no Brasil desde os prin- 3326. Pinheiro, J. C. Fernandes. A Acaciplos ate a creacao da Provincia Fran- demia Brasilica dos Esquicidos. RIHGB. ciscana de Santo Antonio (1500-1659). v. 31, 2. pte., 1868: 5-32.

Curitiba, 1940. 101 p. Another cultural society, The Brazilian Academy of

A balanced scholarly study, based on Roman and the Forgotten, which was founded during the enlight-

Iberian archives. enment in Brazil.

3318. Vat, Odulfo Van der. Principios da 3327. Simées, Joao M. dos Santos. AzuleIgreja no Brasil. Petrépolis, 1952. 414 p. jaria portuguesa no Brasil, 1500-1822. Includes studies on the first Franciscans in Brazil, Lisboa, 1965. 459 p. illus. (Corpus de the first secular parishes and their administrators, and oe the first bishop of Brazil, Dom Pedro Fernandes pazulejaria p ortuguesa). the beautiful bl d Sardinha. This is a first-rate scholarly study. The ti olen ° UL used ac ‘avishl © yolc u | Be ail

author coolly and objectively evaluates the truth in MUMColored tile Used’ so lavishly in colonial brazil.

9. Education ~ ear

the earliest ecclesiastical sources.

11. Biographies

3328. Azevedo, Joao L. de. Histdria do 3319. Azevedo, M. D. Moreira de. A ins- | Padre Ant6nio Vieira. 2. ed. Lisboa,

trugdo publica nos tempos coloniais. 1931.2.

RIHGB. v. 55, 2. pte., 1893: 141-158. An informative and quite objective picture of this The author attempts to gather data on the little public controversial Jesuit of the seventeenth century.

education that existed in colonial times. 3329. Barros, André de. Vida do apostolico 3320. Calogeras, Joao Pandia. Os Jesuitas padre Antonio Vieyra da Companhia de

e oensino. Rio, 1911. 66 p. Jesus chamado por antonomasia o nial Brazil. Still the best biography of this controversial figure. A searching study of Jesuit teaching methods in colo- Grande. Lisboa, 1746. 686 p.

3321. Mattos, Luiz Alves de. Primordios 3330. Boxer, Charles R. A great Luso-Brada educagao no Brasil. O periodo her6- zilian figure: Padre Antoénio Vieira, S.J.,

ico, 1549-1570. Rio, 1958.306p. 1608-1697. London, 1957. 32 p. illus.

A study of the first Jesuit efforts at education in Basically an objective picture of this controversial

Brazil. Jesuit diplomat, seer, and missionary.

3322. Rower, Basilio. Franciscanos no sul 333}. Butler, Ruth L. Duarte da Costa, do Brasil durante o século xviii: a con- second governor-general of Brazil. MA. tribuigao franciscana na formacao re- v. 25, July, 1943: 163-179. ligiosa da capitania das Minas Gerais. A controversial governor of the 1550’s is capably

BRAZIL 305 studied in this short biography. de Lisboa, O.F.M., missionary and

3332. Butler, Ruth L. Mem de Sa, third natural historian of Brazil. TA. v. 8, governor-general of Brazil, 1557-1572. Jan., 1952: 289-303. . MA. v. 24, Apr., 1942: 111-137. Short biography, based on manuscript sources, of we the efforts of the Jesuits in their work of evangelizaShort biography of an early governor sympathetic to E36 Franciscan Major superior in Marannao,

tion. 3342. Jacobsen, Jerome V. Nobrega of

_ -wri i ,

3333. Butler, Ruth L. Thome de Sousa, A are ton Liogacticel eeay in a Nanuet de

. . ripe . in 1788. boa, 1 955. 267 lp. a

first governor-general of Brazil, 1549 Nobrega, first Jesuit Provincial in Brazil and founder 1553. MA. Vv. 24, Oct., 1944: 229-251. of the Jesuit MISSIONS.

Biography of the extremely able first governor of . .. apara Bravil. * 3343. Leite, Serafim. Breve itinerario . . . uma biografia do P. Manuel da Nobrega, 3 oe vane Ta 5 Nb Tiradentes. Cu fundador da Provincia do Brasil e da

Biography of the leader of the Inconfidéncia Mineira cidade de Sao Paulo, 1517-1570. Lis-

, eee A tentative biography of the first Provincial of the

3335. Corréa, Virgilio. Alexandre Rodri- Jesuit Province of Brazil.

gues Ferreira. Vida e obra do grande 3344 Mello, José A. Gonsalves de. Anténio naturalista brasileiro. Sao Paulo, 1939. Dias Cardoso, Sargento-Mér do Térco

231 p. illus. (Biblioteca pedagogica de Infantaria de Pernambuco. Recife brasileira, Sér. 5. Brasiliana 144). 1954. 51 , Life of Brazil’s greatest naturalist of the eighteenth D ee ns we - a tn

century. ———. _D. Antonio Filipe Camarao, Capitao-mor dos Indios da costa do Nordeste do Brasil. Recife, 3336. Dominian, Helen G. Apostle of Bra- 1954. 64p._ ‘ie: | zil: the biography of Padre José de An- ~~~ Filipe Bandeira de Melo, Tenente de Mestre chieta, S.J., 1534-1597. N.Y., 1958. de 5 ampo General do Estado do Brasil. Recife, 1954.

346 p. a ——. Francisco de Figueiroa, Mestre de Campo

An excellent, if somewhat overenthusiastic biography do Térco das Ilhas em Pernambuco. Recife, 1954.

of this beloved sixteenth-century Jesuit missioner. 51 p.

: ~ -_ = ———. Henrique Dias, Governador dos pretos, cri-

3337. Espinosa, J. Manuel. F ernao Cardim: oulos e mulatos do Estado do Brasil. Recife, 1954.

Jesuit humanist of colonial Brazil. MA. 71 p.

v. 24, Oct., 1942: 252-271. ———. Joao Fernandes Vieira, Mestre de Campo

Cardim was Jesuit Provincial in the early seventeenth do Térgo de Infantaria de Pernambuco. 2 v. Recife,

century and was responsible for sending Jesuits north- 1956. _

ward to Ceara and Maranhio. ————. Frei Manuel Calado do Salvador, religioso

da Ordem de Sao Paulo, Pregador Apostolico por sua

3338. Espinosa, J. Manuel. Gouveia: Jesuit Santidade, cronista da Restauragdo. Recife, 1954.

lawgiver in Brazil. MA. v. 24,Jan., 1942: 119. | . .

17-60 All of these biographies were written and aS . . published bymagnificent the University of Recife to commemoCristovao de Gouveia, S.J., was sent to Brazil as fate the tricentenary of the “restoration”? of Pernam-

Visitador of the Province in 1583. The norms he €s- buco, i.e., its recapture from the Dutch in the 1650's. tablished for the regular discipline of the Jesuits re- aj] of the men included are heroes of the reconquest.

mained in force all through the colonial period. This set of biographies is perhaps the finest example

. s _ of this genre in modern Brazil. The author has

40-61. A ra ; _ cultura 127).

3339. Espinosa, Name’ Ne_v. ace25, AnHolland, searchedand diligently the archives ofare Portugal, Spain, chieta: postle of Brazil. Italy, and the results of the finest Oct., 1943: 250-274; v. 26, Jan., 1944: quality scholarship.

Biographical data on the most popular of the early 3345. Porto, Jose da Costa. Duarte Coelho.

Jesuits in Brazil. Rio, 1961. 104 p. bibl. (Os cadernos de

i~..

3340. Espinosa, J. Manuel. Luiz da Gra, Portrait of the donatary and founder of Pernambuco mission builder and educator of Brazil. inthe sixteenth century (d. 1554). Father da Gra arrived in the second jesus expedition 3246+ Silva, Joao Manuel Pereira da. Os in 1553. He held most of the high offices in the Jesuit Varoes illustres do Brasil durante os

Province. tempos coloniaes. Paris, 1858. 2 v. ; ; oo Biographies of some of the noted men of the colonial

3341. Fonseca, Luiza da. Frei CristOvao_ era. The first edition (Rio, 1847) was issued under

306 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA the title Plutarco brasileiro. rativa do primeiro centenario da inde3347. Taunay, Affonso de Escragnolle. A — pendencia do Brasil. Direcgao de Carlos

grande vida de Fernao Dias Paes. Rio, Malheiro Dias. 3 v. Pérto, 1921-1926. 1955. 308 p. illus (Colecao documentos These magnificent volumes treat of the early period

1 : g 3) " of Brazilian history, frommany the forerunners Cabral _bbrasueiros ° to about 1580. Contain documentsof and illus-

Biography of one of the greatest bandeirante leaders, trations, including important maps.

miners, and political leaders of the seventeenth cen- .

tury (1608-1681). 3356. Holanda, Sergio Buarque de. Caminhos e fronteiras. Rio, 1957. 334 p. illus.

12. Discovery and Colonization, (Colegao documentos brasileiros 89).

_ A critical study of the Brazil. penetration of the Portuguese 1500-1580 into interior

3348. Abreu, Joao Capistrano de. Os ca- 3357. Holanda, Sergio Buarque de. Monminhos antigos e 0 povoamento do Brasil. codes. Rio, 1945. 255 p. illus., map. Rio, 1930. 271 p. (Publicagdes da Socie- The author presents a masterful study of the Bra-

dade Capistrano de Abreu). zilian frontiersmen, the paths through the wilderness,

Important work on the early years in Brazil, with ‘YT transport, etc.

much influence on later authors; much like F. Tur- 3358. Holanda, Sérgio Buarque de. Visao

ner’s The frontier in American history (1893). do paraiso: os motivos edénicos no des-

3349. Abreu, Joao Capistrano de. O des- cobrimento e colonizacaéo do Brasil. cobrimento do Brasil. Rio, 1929. 349 p. Rio, 1959. 412 p. bibl. (Colegao docu(Publicagdes da Sociedade Capistrano mentos brasileiros 107).

de Abreu). An outstanding Brazilian historian studies the ““para-

An authoritative discussion of the various historical 4iSe on earth” concept in early writings about Brazil.

problems in connection with the discovery of Brazil. 3359. Lamego, Alberto. A Terra goitaca,

3350. Cortesao, Jaime. A expedicao de a luz de documentos inéditos. Rio, 1913Pedro Alvares Cabral e o descobrimento 1947.8 Vv. do Brasil. Lisboa, 1922. 325 p. ‘illus., Concerning the history of the land south of Espirito

map Santo to Paraiba do Sul in Brazil. Goitaca was the A modern critical study of the discovery of Brazil by name of the Indian tribes inhabiting this region. the Portuguese. 3360. Leme, Pedro Taques de Almeida Paes. 3351. Fragoso, Augusto T. Os franceses no Historia da Capitania de Sao Vicente Rio de Janeiro. 2. ed. Rio, 1965. 278 p. desde a sua fundacao por Affonso de

illus., maps, bibl. (Colecao avulsa). Souza em 1531. RIHGB. v. 9, 1847.

Treats of the various attempts of the French to capture This account takes the history of Sao Paulo down to and control the Rio de Janeiro area, from Villegagnon 1772. The author had free use of all official papers to Duclerc and Duguay-Trouin in the early eighteenth _‘1n the writing of his work.

century. 3361. Lima, Manoel de Oliveira. Pernam-

3352. Gaffarel, Paul. Histoire du Brésil buco, seu desenvolvimento historico. francais au xvi siecle. Paris, 1878. 512 p. Leipzig, 1895. 327 p. illus., bibl.

maps. An outstanding example of local history by an ac-

A modern history of French activities in Brazil and knowledged master of Brazilian history.

the resultant struggle with the Portuguese. 3362. Marchant, Alexander N. de A. From 3353. Greenlee, William B. The captaincy barter to slavery: the economic relations of the second Portuguese voyage to Bra- of Portuguese and Indians in the settle-

3-12. 1942. 160 p. map.

zil, 1501-1502. TA. v. 2, July, 1945: ment of Brazil, 1500-1580. Baltimore,

Greenlee is of the opinion that Fernao de Noronha, A controversial but important view of the economic

a New Christian, commanded this expedition. causes of the development of slavery in early Brazil.

3354. Greenlee, William B. The first half- 3363. Norton, Luiz. A colonizacao portucentury of Brazilian history. MA. v. 25, guesa do Brasil, 1500-1550. RHA. v. 2,

Apr., 1943: 91-120. abr., 1941: 5-46.

A short résumé of the early years, of great utility to A review of the facts concerning Portuguese settle-

students. ment of Brazil written by a recognized historian.

3355. Historia da colonizacao portuguesa 3364. Prado, Joao F. de Almeida. Fontes do Brasil: edicao monumental comemo- primarias para o estudo das exploracdées

BRAZIL 307 e reconhecimento geografico no século 3372. Faria, Manuel Severim de. Historia

xvi. Sao Paulo, 1948. 363 p. portugueza e de outras provincias do

A study of some of the sources for early explorations Occidente desde o anno de 1610 até ode

in Brazil in the sixteenth century. 1640, publicada e anotada pelo Bardo de 3365. Prado, Joao F. de Almeida. Primeiros Studart. Fortaleza, 1903. 70 p.

povoadores do Brasil, 1500-1530. Sado The author, brother of the early Franciscan superior

’ “V inillus., Maranhao, devotes considerable space to PortuPaulo, 1935. 302 p.uese maps, bibl. ™:; “tae? 2? ret ate ¥ efforts in that region. (Biblioteca pedagogica brasileira. Sér. . _ . i. 5 Brasiliana 37). 3373. Jiménez de la Espada, Marcos. Viaje A noncritical study of the first explorers of Brazil, del Capitan Pedro Texeira aguas arriba

but with important information. del rio de las Amazonas, 1638-1639.

3306. Prado, Joao F. de Almeida. Sao Vi- A wae Mometed ‘oud of “the fantastic voyage cente € as cCapitanias do Sul do Brasil, made by the Portuguese Pedro Texeira in ascending

p. bibl. (Brasiliana , 7 ,

$1 3 bibl ( Bracilinen 3 Pay Paulo, 1961. the length of the Amazon River to Quito, Ecuador. An account of the earliest attempts at settlement in 3374. Mello, Jose A. Gonsalves de. Tempo

Brazil, in the area of the modern city of Santos. dos Flamengos: influéncia da ocupacao holandesa na vida e na cultura do norte

13. Colonization of the North, do Brasil. Rio, 1947. 335 p. (Colecao Documentos brasileiros 54). 1590-1660 Objective and well-written account of the effects of

. a ue the Dutch occupation on northern Brazil, and based

rias para a historia do extincto Estado do ~ . .

3367. amet -andiee Mendes “ wa) on impeccable Dutch and Portuguese sources. Maranh4o cujo territorio comprehende 2°75: Prado, Joao F. de Almeida. A Bahia hoje as provincias do Maranhao, Piauhy, € as capitanias do centro do Brasil 1530—

Grao Para e Amazonas. Rio, 1860-1874. 1626. Sao Paulo, 1945—1950. 3 V (Bi2 v. blioteca pedagogica brasileira. Sér. 5. Contains a wealth of documentation of interest for Brasiliana, v. 247, 247 A-B).

the history of northern Brazil. Sources are not indi- 4 rambling but profound look at the area around the

cated for all documents. present state of Bahia. Footnotes inadequate.

3368. Barata, Manuel. A jornada de Fran- 3376. Prado, Joao F. de Almeida. Pernam-

cisco Caldeira de Castello Branco. buco e as capitanias do norte do Brasil, Fundacao da cidade de Belém, 1916. 1530-1630. Sao Paulo, 1939-1942. 4 v.

A short but competent account of the founding of the illus., maps, bibl. (Biblioteca pedagdgica

city of Belem in 1616. brasileira, Sér. 5. Brasiliana 175).

Cer ~ i e itions north in the early seventeen

3369. Berredo, Bernardo Pereira de. Annaes Prac Necitions Ma eneO Played DY Per nampuce

historicos do Estado do Maranhao em century. e tudo o mais que nelle tem succedido 3377. Rodrigues, Jose H. Historiografia desde o anno em que foy descuberto até € bibliografia do dominio holandes no o de 1718. 2. ed. Maranhido, 1849. 655 p. Brasil. Rio, 1949. 489 p. illus. (Instituto A chronicle of events in the northern state of Mara- Nacional do Livro. Colegao BI. Bi-

que se da noticia do seu descobrimento, ; ; oo,

nhao written from a layman’s point of view. Important. _bliografia 6).

First published in Lisboa, 1749. The basic bibliography on the Dutch period.

san ye raed ayes vac 1059. 35 ore 3378. Rodrigues, José H., and Joaquim

Zil, 2%. UXTOrd, P. Ribeiro. Civilizacdo holandesa no Brasil.

A ve aaP S.0 1 noritative history of the activi- sao Paulo, 1940. xxii, 404 P- (Biblioteca

ties of the Dutch in northern Brazil. Internal economic pedagogica brasileira. Ser. 5. Brasiliana,

history is stressed. A v. I 80). ted dstud

n objective, well-documented study. 3371. Edmundson, George. The Dutch on : _ _— ; ° the Amazon and Negro in the seven- 3379. Silveira, Simao Estacio da. Relacao

teenth century. Part I: Dutch trade on sumaria das coisas do Maranhao, esthe Amazon. ENHR. 18, 1903: 642-663. crita pelo Capitao Simao Estacio da

A worthwhile contribution to the history of the bold Silveira. 2. ed. Lisboa, 1911. 36 p.

activities of Dutch traders on the Amazon River. This account of the conquest of Maranhao was written

308 COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA by a participating soldier and first published in Lisbon 470-492. in 1624. It spoke glowingly of the “paradise” of A well-documented short study of this struggle beMaranhao, and was directed to the poor of the King- tween Paulistas and Portuguese in the mining region. dom of Portugal. Very rare. There is a copy at the _ . -

Oliveira Lima Library of Catholic University in 3387. Cortesao, Jaime. Raposo Tavares ca

Washington, D.C. formacao territorial do Brasil. Rio, 1958. 3380. Studart, Carlos. O antigo Estado do a oe ee eee ically aiiveiaca sue. Maranhao e suas Cap itanias feudais. cessful bandeirante leaders, Ant6nio Rapdso Tavares, Fortaleza, 1960. 351 p. (Universidade who in the first half of the seventeenth century, covdo Ceara. Biblioteca de cultura. Sér. B. | ered more than half of Brazil from SAo Paulo to the in-

Estudos e pesquisas 1). terior, and then to the mouth of the Amazon in Belém. Feudal captaincies played an important, if disruptive, 3388. Fortes, Joao Borges Rio Grande de

part in the history of northern Brazil. This study is ~ ‘ ° : ; therefore of great importance. Sao Pedro, povoamento e conquista. Rio, ; 1940. 177 p. (Biblioteca militar 37).

3381. Varnhagen, Francisco A. de, visconde 4 good general treatment of the history of Rio Grande

de Porto Seguro. Historia das lutas com do Sul.

16 sat andezes. nO iD i desde 1624 a 3389. Lima Junior, Augusto de. A capitania A thorough study of the struggle with the Dutch. as Minas Werals. Origens e rormacao. Now outdated, but still of considerable value. elo Horizonte, 1965. 231 p. illus. Meo. oo, A solid, if enthusiastic, study of the early days of 3382. Watjen, Hermann. Das hollandische Minas Gerais.

Kolonialreich in Brasilien: ein Kapital — ~ vs ~

aus der Kolonialgeschichte des 17. Jahr- 3390. Magalhaes, Basilio de. Expansao geo-

hunderts. Haag, 1921. 352 p. map grafica do Brasil até fins do século xvii.

One of the best general accounts of the Dutch period E Rio, 19 | B 173 Pp. hud; a th d in Brazil. Translation published in Sao Paulo in 1938. south of the country , including that in the north an

3391. Monteiro, J. da Costa Régo. A Co-

14. Expansion, South and West to 1750 lonia do Sacramento, 1680-1 a7 Pérto

. - - il’s s most pene-

3383. Azarola Gil, Luis E. de. Contribucién A cere, | 237. 2 V. OB ba outhernmost a ento La spopeva Corona oe Sacra tration across the bay from Buenos Aires.

Madrid, 1931. 257 p. illus. "3392. Morse, Richard M., ed. The bande1-

Spanish viewpoint of Portugal’s settlement in the La rantes: the historical role of the Brazilian

Plata estuary area: history from 1680 to 1828. pathfinders. N.Y., 1965. 215 p. map. 3384. Boxer, Charles R. The Golden Age of _ (Borzoi books on Latin America). Brazil, 1695 —1750: growing pains of a Excerpts from various authors, translated and edited

colonial society. Published in coopera- °Y 8: M- Morse.

tion with the Sociedade de Estudos 3393. Rodrigues, José H. O continente do Historicos Dom Pedro Segundo, Rio de Rio Grande. Rio, 1954. 81 p. illus., map.

Janeiro. Berkeley, 1962. 443 p. illus., A short but important study of the southernmost area

maps. of Brazil and its development from colonial times,

A well-documented, sprightly written study by an 1680-1807.

expert on the Portuguese Empire. 3394. Rodrigues, José H. Visitantes do Bra3385. Brazao, Eduardo. As expedicdes de sil no século xvii. RHSP. 10, jan.—marco,

Duclerc e de Duguay-Trouin ao Rio de 1959: 155-166.

Janeiro, 1710-1711. Lisboa, 1940. 136 p. A listing of prominent travelers to Brazil in the

Details, including documents, on two attempts by the seventeenth century.

French to capture Rio de Janeiro in the eighteenth 3395. Souza. Luis Antonio da Silva e. Mecentury. It was of considerable importance then be- * ma . “A

cause of the gold and diamonds shipped through its moria sobre O descobrimento, governo, port. The cowardice of the Portuguese officials helped populacgao da capitania de Goias. to create a Brazilian sense of solidarity that finally RIHGB. v. 12, 1849: 429-510. turned into independence for that country. One of the few studies of the history of the state of 3386. Cardozo, Manoel S. The Guerra dos olds: settled mainly in the eighteenth century during

Emboabas, civil war in Minas Gerais, “"*®°°'™S™ 1708-1709. HAHR. v. 22, Aug., 1942: 3396. Souza, Washington Luiz Pereira de.

BRAZIL 309 Capitania de Sao Paulo. Sao Paulo, 1938. Arthur P. Whitaker, ed. Latin America 273 p. (Biblioteca pedagogica brasileira. and the Enlightenment. 2. ed. Ithaca,

Sér. 5. Brasiliana 111). 1961. p. 95-118.

A study of the colonial state of Sao Paulo. A short treatment of this complicated topic.

3397. Taunay, Affonso de Escragnolle. His- 3403. Marchant, Alexander N. de A. Tira-

toria geral das bandeiras paulistas escrip- dentes in the conspiracy of Minas. ta 4 vista de avultada documentacéo in- © HAHR. v.21, May, 1941: 239-257.

édita dos arquivos brasileiros hespa- Joaquim José da Silva Xavier, called ‘‘Tiradentes”’ ~ because of his profession, was the leader of the Innhoes e portuguezes. 11 v. Sao Paulo, oonpagancia Mineira. 1924-1950. This rambling account of the bandeirantes is still con- 3404. O Marquez de Pombal. Obra comsidered the basic text and contains large sections of memorativa do centenario da sua morte. original documentation. An abridgement in two vol- Mandada publicar pelo Club de Regatas umes entitled Historia das bandeiras paulistas was Guanabarense do Rio de Janeiro. Lis-

| ; oo, boa, 1885. 2 v.

published in Sao Paulo in 1951.

3398. Vasconcellos, Diogo de. Historia an- A wildly favorable view of Pombal and his work in tiga das Minas Gerais. Rio, 1948. 2 v. _ revitalizing Portugal and Brazil.

(Instituto Nacional do Livro. Biblioteca 3495, Martins, Francisco da Rocha. O Uul-

popular brasileira 24). timo vice-rei do Brasil. Lisboa, [1922].

An attempt narrate halcyon days of the goldthe 24?period pv. illus rush in thetostate of the Minas Gerais. Covers p. . ; from the discoveries to 1720 An undocumented literary study of D. Marcos de

Brito Noronha, 8th Conde dos Arcos, emphasizing . his role as the forceful, energetic, in some respects 15. Enlightenment and the Background enlightened, captain-general of Bahia rather than his

of Independence, 1750-1808 earlier years as Brazil’s last viceroy. Brilliantly written, it is too imprecise to be a satisfactory biography. 3399. Azevedo, Joao L. de. O marqués de An appendix contains a number of important docuPombal e a sua época. Lisboa, 1931. ments bearing on the Conde’s career. [D.A.]

398 p. 3406. Mendonca, Marcos Carneiro de. O

A rambling but well-documented account of the most Marqués de Pombal e o Brasil. Sao important Portuguese figure 1n the eighteenth century. Paulo, 1960. 237 p. (Brasiliana 299). 3400. Burns, E. Bradford. The role of Aze- A generally favorable picture of Pombal and his in-

redo Coutinho in the enlightenment of {uence in colonial Brazil. Brazil. HAHR. v. 44, May, 1964: 145— 3407. Pinheiro, J. C. Fernandes. Os ultimos

160. vice-reis no Brasil, RIHGB. v. 28, 2. pte.,

Archbishop Coutinho founded the Seminary of Olinda, 1865: 225-273. where lay and ecclesiastical students were taught a A study of the last viceroys and their accomplish-

modified form of the enlightenment. ments.

3401. Ennes, Ernesto. The trial of the eccle- 3408. Silva, Joaquim Norberto de Souza. siastics in the Inconfidéncia Mineira. TA. Historia da conjuracaéo mineira. Rio,

v. 7, Oct., 1950: 183-213. a 1948. 2 v. bibl. (Ministério de Educacao

Points up the important part played by clerics in this e Satide. Instituto Nacional do Livro

abortive revolt of 1789. Biblioteca popular brasileira 26) |

3402. Marchant, Alexander N. de A. AS- A modern treatment of the Minas Gerais revolt of

pects of the Enlightenment in Brazil. Jn 1789.

PART V. INDEPENDENCE A. General R.A. HUMPHREYS

The wars of independence in Latin America were long regarded either as heroic struggles on the part of oppressed peoples to free themselves from tyrannical rule or as factitious revolts inspired by alien ideas emanating from Britain, France, and the United States. Traces of these simple antitheses still linger on in Spain and Spanish America, and though on both sides of the Atlantic the ‘‘black legend”’ of a crushing despotism, civil and ecclesiastical, has long been generally discarded, it is still true that much of the writing on the revolutionary period reflects a preoccupation with the heroic. The tendency to see the liberation of Spanish America through the lives of its liberators, a concentration of interest on the personalities of the period, and a lavish attention to the military details of campaigns are still notable characteristics. But political and military biography, fascinating as it is, was never the sole concern of Latin American historians. The age of the liberators was the age of the creation of new states and of the rise of new nationalities. If, for many years, there was a tendency either to decry or, by contrast, to exalt the colonial past, the examination of national origins, even in the restricted sense of the revolutionary period itself, inevitably led to an interest in political and constitutional history; and this was complemented, when the European archives became more generally accessible in the early twentieth century, by an eager attention to diplomatic history—a field in which the United States historians led the way. Meanwhile, the changing character of historical writing in general affected the kinds of questions historians asked themselves of the revolutionary era. On the one hand, a fuller exploration of the closing years of the colonial period led to a wider

understanding of the range and nature of colonial tensions and discontents, revealing also the rise of what Spanish American historians describe as a *“‘conciencia de si.’” On the other, the character of the revolutionary movements, their

differing nature in the several regions of the Spanish American empire and in Brazil, the extent to which they could be regarded as in any sense “democratic,” increasingly came under review. It was now seen that there were conservative as well as revolutionary elements in the intellectual origins of the revolutions, and Spanish and Spanish American as well as foreign influences; and to this deeper appreciation of the intellectual origins of the revolutions there was now added a rising interest in their social and economic origins. The simple antitheses of an earlier generation began to vanish, and the more carefully historians turned their microscopes upon urban and rural society, urban and rural movements, and the effects of war and revolution upon urban and rural life, the more complicated in their origin and development the revolutionary movements, and the opposition to them, proved to be.

While, therefore, in the last half-century, familiar ground was re-examined,

GENERAL 311 fresh ground was also broken. This was true in respect of local and regional history; it was less true of cultural and administrative history; and, in more recent years, it was perhaps most significantly illustrated in the spheres of social and economic history. There are fields in which much detailed work remains to be done. The financial and business history of the period, for example, has been almost entirely neglected, except in so far as the rise of foreign trade and the impact

of foreign business enterprises are concerned. More generally, though the regional histories of the revolutionary movements are constantly being revised, an adequate synthesis of the revolutionary era as a whole, taking into account the more recent historiographical developments, remains to be written. Catalogs of the materials in Spanish, Portuguese, and Latin American archives for the history of the independence era in general are few and far between, and guides to business records and to personal and private collections are almost wholly lacking. Printed records, on the other hand, drawn from British, United States, and European archives, including those of the Vatican, and from some of the Latin American countries themselves, form an impressive corpus of documents. They are especially valuable for the diplomatic history of the period, but the British and American documents in particular are also important for its economic history. Official records of this kind need to be supplemented in turn by contemporary newspapers and periodicals—the Morning Chronicle and the Times in England, Niles’ Weekly Register in the United States are examples—and by the voluminous travel literature of the period. This includes the accounts of soldiers and sailors who fought in the revolutionary armies and navies, of merchants and mining agents who sought to exploit the newly opened Latin American markets and

sources of supply, and of diplomats and naval officers who had been sent to Latin America on special missions.

1. Guides covers the years 1823 to 1838. 3409. Donoso, Ricardo. Fuentes documen- 2411. Quesada Zapiola, Carlos A. Catalogo tales para la historia de la independencia de la documentacion referenje a las rela-

de América: Misi6n de investigaci6n en ciones diplomaticas entre Estados Unilos archivos europeos. México, 1960. dos de America y la Republica Argen301 p. (Instituto Panamericano de Geo- tina, 1810~1830, existente en el Archivo

grafia e Historia. Comision de Historia, Nacional de los Estados Unidos de

95. Publicacién 233). America, seccion Departamento de Es-

Documents mostly but not exclusively relating to the tado: recopilacion cronologica. B.A., Spanish dominions in South America in Portuguese, 1948. 210 p.

See eae ee eens i tvcreutoesrour 3412. Spain. Archivo General de Indias,

lished by the Comisién de Historia of the Instituto Sevilla. Catalogo de documentos de la Panamericano de Geografia e Historia. The first of Secci6n novena, redactado por el perthese was issued at Mexico City in 1945 as Publica- sonal facultativo bajo la direccién del

clon 65. director del mismo, Don Cristébal Ber-

3410. Mexico. Secretaria de Relaciones Ex- mudez Plata. Sevilla, 1949. 822 p. teriores. Las relaciones franco-mexi- (Publicaciones de la Escuela de Estudios canas. México, 1961-1962. 2 v. (Ar- Hispano-Americanos de Sevilla 51). chivo historico diplomatico mexicano: end 1834 andao Mexico between 164) and 1834 México). la historia diplomatica de in the Estado section of the Archive. There is a full An index to the Archives of the Mexican mission to index of persons and places.

France. Annotations are by Luis Weekman. V. | 3413. Spain. Archivo General de Indias,

312 INDEPENDENCE Sevilla. Independencia de América: The texts of organic laws and constitutions approved _ , * and proposed throughout Latin America between fuentes para su estudio: catalogo de los 1801 and 1830.

documentos conservados en el Archivo , General de Indias de Sevilla. Primera 2429: Bulnes, Gonzalo. 1810. Nacimiento de

serie. Madrid, 1912. 6 v.; Segunda serie, las republicas americanas. B.A., 1927. 2 Sevilla, 1924-1925. 2 v. v. illus. | |

A catalog of more than 9,000 documents mostly V. 2 provides a comprehensive account of events in drawn from the Gobierno and Estado sections of the Spanish America in 1809 and 1810.

Archive, 1546 to 1845. V. 5 consists of indexes. 3421. Delgado, Jaime. La independencia de

3414. Spain. Archivo General de Marina America en la prensa espanola. Madrid, Don Alvaro de Bazan. Independencia de 1949. 318 p. (Seminario de Problemas America: indice de los papeles de expe- Hispanoamericanos, Madrid. Cuadernos diciones de Indias por Julio F. Guillén. de monografias 2). Madrid, 1953. 3 v. illus. Spanish opinion as reflected in contemporary jour-

of indexes. 1 f . ~ . Papers relating to the naval stations at Montevideo, nals.

Puerto Cabello. vera Cruz, Cartagen?. Wapeateien 3422. Fernandez Almagro, Melchor. La

etc., and their dependencies, . V. 3 consists emancipacién de América y su reflejo

en ia conciencia espanola. Madrid, 1944.

3415. Spain. Archivo General de Marina 207 p.

Don Alvaro de Bazan. Indice de los pa- Official and popular opinion and misunderstanding, peles de la secciOn de corso y presas_ Or ignorance, in Spain of the wars of independence in

[1784-1838], ed. de Julio F. Guillén. America.

Madrid, 1953-1954. 2 v. illus. 3423. Franco, José L. El gobierno colonial

Valuable for the study of privateering, etc., in Ameri- de Cuba y la independencia de Vene-

can waters; well indexed. zuela. Habana, 1960. 106 p. illus.

Deals largely with Venezuela but takes up Cuba’s

2. Historiography role in Spain’s efforts to repress the Bolivarian revolution. [G.K.]

3416. ap eyss Roper. The td 3424. Griffin, Charles C. The Enlightenrapny H AHR a 36 fa b 1986. 31.93, ment and Latin American independence.

ions. - V. 90, FO0., In Arthur P. Whitaker, ed. Latin Ameri-

A general survey, with reference to ma- d the Enligh > ed.Ithaca, Ith terials appearing afterparticular 1940. Ca an e Enlightenment. °~ea*

1. Bibliographies and Guides blicaci6n 117. Bibliografias 3: 65-82). a. Mexico Much briefer but more current than Guzman’s com-

; pilation. Most items are briefly annotated, and the

3509. Gurria Lacroix Jorge Anastasio listing is preceded by a brief introduction.

Zerecero: estudio historiografico de sus 3513. Villasenor y Villasenor, Alejandro. memorias. México, 1963. 120 p. bibl. _ Biografias de los héroes y caudillos de la (Universidad Nacional Aut6nomade Mé- __ independencia. México, 1910. 2 v. illus.

xico. Cuadernos del Instituto de His- Contains sketches of the lives of 156 insurgent men

toria. Serie histérica 9) and women. Although marred by lack of cohesion,

y emi OS WOK, Wins ¢ t ,

Whe a Sady US ha a : Jerecero’s work. it in errors of pact and uncritical judgment, it is probably cludes useful biobibliographical and historiographical € Dest OF NS genre

information on other leading contemporary of the independence movement. b. Centrhistorians al Amer .Ca 3510. Guzman y Raz Guzman, Jesus. Biblio- 3514. Lamadrid Jiménez, Lazaro. A survey

grafia de la independencia de México. of the historiography of Guatemala since México, 1937-1938. 2 v. (Bibliografias 1821. Part I: the nineteenth century. TA.

Contains 3,316 consecutively numbered and occa. ncludes biobibliographical information and critical sionally annotated entries grouped into sections ac- ©°™ments on early nineteenth-century historians. cording to type of material (bibliographies, sources,

etc.), subject, and period. 2. General Works

3511. Texas. University. Library. Independ- 3515. APperovich, Moisei S. Voina za ent Mexico in documents: Independ- nezavisimost’ Meksiki, 1810-1824. [The

ence, Empire, and Republic: a calendar war of Mexican independence, 1810of the Juan E. Hernandez y Davalos 1824]. Moscow, 1964. 476 p. maps, bibl. manuscript collection. Prepared by Cara daeXICANIS goeraphical and by a ~ eading osovie MEE at interpretative provides awork arx1s vs E. «astaneda mss) CO 4 A. Dabbs. view of the Mexican independence. Although the

A Cry 1 [.e., ? J ; P £7.93 movement began as a broadly based class struggle, it

l ~ , - structural changes in Mexican society and did not

‘tems covering the period 1797-1826. which ore con. ended val. pourgeols rev uuon that brought "t ? er tained in this rich collection now reposing in The Uni- cope with fundamental social problems. A Spanish

versity of Texas Library. summary is included.

3512. Velazquez, Maria del Carmen, comp. 3516. Benson, Nettie Lee. La diputacion

Bibliografia de la historia de la inde- provincial y el federalismo mexicano.

pendencia de Mexico. Jn La emancipa- México, 1955. 237 p. maps.

cidn latinoamericana; estudios biblio- This is a solid, carefully detailed account of the growth graficos. México, 1966. (Instituto Pan- of federalism in Mexico from 1811 to 1824. With conoe dedeGGeogratia ? fia Hi€‘4 P vincing revisionism the owes author demonstrates that americano Historia, Fu- Mexican federalism much less to the United blicacion 304. Comision de Historia, Pu- States than had been supposed and much more to the

MEXICO & CENTRAL AMERICA 32] Spanish Cortes of 1812 and to those Mexicans who ommendations by the perceptive Bishop-elect of persuaded the Cortes to create provincial deputations. | Michoacan on social and political problems in New

She is convinced that Mexican federalism grew nat- Spain during the first stages of the independence

urally from within the area. [S.R.] movement.

3517. Bulnes, Francisco. La guerra de in- 3523. Archivo hist6rico diplomatico mexidependencia. Hidalgo—lIturbide. Mé- cano. Ser. 1. México, 1923-1935. Ser. 2.

xico, 1910. 431 p. Mexico, 1943-.

An interpretive history with emphasis on the roles of This series was initiated by the Mexican Secretaria Hidalgo and Iturbide. Bulnes, a leading Porfirian in- de Relaciones Exteriores on January 20, 1923. Most

tellectual, deplores the jacobinism of the period. of the volumes are collections of documents dealing

P ; . ; with aspects of Mexican foreign relations in the nine-

3518. Chavez Orozco, Luis. | Historia de teenth century and contain introductory essays. A México (1808-1836). México, 1947. number are concerned with the independence and

665 p. early postindependence years. This group includes:

Although based largely on secondary sources and par- La anexion de Centroamérica a México, Comp. ticularly on the works of Lucas Alaman and Lorenzo ‘Rafael Heliodoro Valle, 6 v. Ser. 1, v. 11, 1923; v. 24, de Zavala, this is a useful work because of itsemphasis 1927; v. 40, 1935; Ser. 2, v. 3, 1945; v. 4, 1945; v. 7, on social and economic matters, the challenging ques- 1949. El reconocimiento de nuestra independencia tions it raises, and the interesting interpretations it Por Espana y la union de los paises hispanoameri-

offers. canos, Introd. de Antonio de la Pena y Reyes, 1924, . , , i, Ser. |, v. 7. Las relaciones entre México y el Vati-

3519. Rivera y Sanroman, Agustin. Princi- cano, Introd. y notas de Joaquin Ramirez Cabaias,

pios criticos sobre el virreinato de la 1928,Ser. 1, v.27.

Nueva Espana y sobre la revolucion de 3524. El Congreso de Andhuac, 1813. independencia. Lagos, 1884-1888. 3 v. México, 1963. 440 p. illus.

illus. A selection of documents illustrating the origins of

Not a very original piece of work, but some value lies the Mexican independence movement, the proceedin its historiographical observations on Lucas Alaman, _ ings of the Congress of Chilpancingo in 1813, and the whose interpretations Riverachallenges,andonCarlos constituent assembly of Apatzingan in 1814. The col-

Maria Bustamante, whose views he supports. lection is introduced by Manuel de Sierra and pre-

, . . , ceded by an “estudio preliminar” Luis 3520. Salazar, Ramon A. Historia de veinGonzélez,bypre yesGonzalez PUNE Y

tiun anos, la Independencia de Guate- oo, mala. Guatemala, 1928. 267 p. illus. 3525. Documentos historicos mexicanos:

(Publicaciones de la Secretaria de Edu- obra conmemorativa del primer cente-

cacion Publica). nario de la independencia de México.

A well-known history of the Guatemalan indepen- Dir. de Genaro Garcia. México, 1910-

dence movement. [M.M.] 1912.7 v. illus.

3521. Villoro, Luis. La revolucién de in- A miscellaneous collection covering the period 1807° 2 ° . a 1821. Substantive concentration is on charges against dependencia: ensayo de interpretacion real and suspected insurgents and reproductions of historica. Mexico, 1953. 238 Pp. (Edi- insurgent periodicals; temporal emphasis is on the

de Hidalgo 1). , , ye ciones del bicentenario del nacimiento _ years 1808-1813.

A perceptive account beginning with an analysis of 3526. Fuente, Jose M. de la. Hidalgo intimo: Mexican social structure at the opening of the nine- apuntes y documentos para una biografia teenth century and concluding with a discussion of the del benemérito cura de Dolores D. Mi-

yond independence. . :

forces that prolonged internal political struggles be- guel Hidalgo y Costilla. México, 1910. 557 p. illus., maps.

. Material on the life of Hidalgo and his ancestors in a. Mexico six documents. The collection is particularly valuable

3. Documentary Collections great detail including genealogical tables and twentyfor the pre-1810 period.

S072. Abad Quelpe, wanue' © oreccion de 3597. Garcia, Genaro, ed. El clero de Médit Eseritos mas diniei ran r° Lie en —_xico y la guerra de independencia: docu-

; ata Ce eel rdir al 80 | bier mentos del arzobispado de México. Mé-

MOv1 1 de la Nu © amen’ aon i dad xico, 1906. 272 p. (Documentos inéditos generat de la Nueva Espana y telicida 6 muy raros para la historia de México de sus habitantes, especialmente de los 9)

indios y de las castas. Mexico, 1813. Widely miscellaneous documentation emanating from

170 p. ecclesiastical, military, and civil sources during the

A representative collection of observations and rec- years 1810-1811.

322

c 19 C , ° 1 X1C ew . nce

3528. H Coreccion avalos, Juan ala E..historia ed de 1808 a [ide a5 do mndependencia Agustin de [turbide INDEPENDENCE A widely mi a 1821. Mexi cia de Mexi of N correspondence i theless y miscellaneou s. cae ed pat 6 but . with epee ncerations AS jarge’y the vice ion now at ction selected anized n .felt 817. and agairbetween it and the di roys

a . 4. 0-18

title, it incl The Universit ed from the MS ever- _ minating j Iturbide’s c inst the insur iary deal

by cit Includes materials ity of Texas. De collec. SV Tee ean S campaigns of tae ee Méxicn Oa Garcia only to 1814. Iti spite theT — os Iturbi Correspond guala. 21 cul_v. in4.A Méxi useo Naci doc ada de

xico (2a. epoca, v. 4 nales del Musec is indexed rbide y otr encia privad 3529. Hidalgo y C exico, 1904). acional de 1822. ‘correspondence ntos de la epoca Agustin de

inquisi : astilla . milita with Colon . covering the ner guel Md ial y militar seg gue: Procesos ith iiliione ores of Selancanes Iruela y ‘Zamora, 397 p algo y Costilla. Mi os a D. Mi- documents a supply and adminis and deals largely

tiona ocume . Militar secret nature, 1 er A selection of d » Mexico, repensety of royalist iScellaneous in natun The thee ray Lee1960 SEARS ary conduct an tems li 0 el inoue

ty o hi on volu- Xi in ' e’s

® ur bd , OS S re °

3530. It s,Agustin doubts, dgicac ial. dencia mae. de. Laand Ed. entre guerraLo de le sores ideo-

Newe. taenn is tortured motivations, doubts, and - Ga vida colonial Te Ro ee tons Pe

Mé . amacion de des Z V. 1. La os Vv. (v. ] gel. Méexi

laexico, del plan de I pues _ ternas del revolucion fran 3,21). ICO, De .1945. 2 v. 2illus. ( guala. movimiento i cesa, una

8 ceesa, Nacional. US. (Secretaria de ramos de Con of 95 npurgen'® de las causas ex-

The lection coun. 1). ivo hist6rico Infidencia orrespondencia selected f the introduced n covers th threat of , Inquisicién e de loslosVirre rom 3531. be Vito Alesse The temporal range and Bandoseas dealing ‘ 1emoine VilliRobles. oncentrated i ge isis1761-18 to with Ne thi ne

1 = in th ,; 19 . w Spa ap. , 1968. 7 OS reema de uspected ofindividuals fi gainst four indivi al and The ° 15 devoted t consists of t p. ilus., 3533. Mexi “omy 1 =“

1. L , es. 25 and is ¢ oral range is | s,and id with the

ane su Vide teva, Ernesto, com Sixteen inthe period 1793-1796." most items

“i sus escritos y de olucionaria a trave Gen oct dealing wi

e Ww ° Ic

m poca. México ros testimonio s New Spain . 1780-1794, a - with inquisitorial

tory essay oF well-constructed a The first 149 de los dec, Laws, statutes roe volume life and introduc. congreso y catutes, el ete.sob Coleccion rom the nee Archi istsceeofa palanced 232 d orelos. Th uc"cretos e mexican

2. eee M 7 alive : 5 p3 O. Mexico. X1CO chArchi 534. .é .’

tre .ereschivo ocumen € rest of n DA. O, desd . erano General de de la Naci drawn primarily octubr de febrero de 182° su instalacion e caudillo’ de Indias . on (Mexico e de 182 2, ha

353 ees » Which are ilustrative 1825. xxvi, 221 3, en que sexo Mex de

_ * es ' S

sn seactones mye woeneral de la de Natadistic - Credice Pur Secreta This ; acion. Mexico roe General Publico Archiv, de Hacienda

. eries co . 5 0-] e icas d ° 1VOo. R l . y

tionsocuments of d ntains the followi 936. pi esiNuev elaciones The rel ollowing signifi V. 30 os del ueva Espana > eS

oho mbers in rarontheses Mexican independence ae p. see etieteine vy princi-

sae etitucien da. efer toseries. the numeration oleccié istorico XXVii constitucid umeration n de ddeeHat Haci ropana. Rafael as 1812 en la N 3° la tireccion de Jesus § oublicade: . 164 12-1913.2v e Alba, ed México, A very us us Silva Her dealwith documents 4, 5). ) EXICO, sopulaion. ag collection 208 the eringcov the Ww. periiod duction: la:n;agricultural of »statistics deali implem . proclamati 1812land holdi Minin . ealin . press>» nentation of its of the constit 1814th that sane san and industrial with ections of provi rovisions itution: vinces ofocae ciesandofadmin; V istrative Al pro-

provinciale of deputies to for freedom of the > of Guanajuat eracruz and P organization bD justice: and putaciones Rio. Exceptoa: theJ juri caya, Guadalai o. ocument theernment restoraand % the adminielfor 1793 forand San jurisdiction of ajara, de in OS para la hi tion of absolut; 1S- , the statistics co uan del Rio, wh San Juan trod. oppendencia, 18 NO TRe de la euerra 3535. Miqu ver the years 1803-1 06, _

ond : . . ; 5 3 orte . . sent 3— ~ t ng acencia y diariomilitar 11, 16, 23). A compilation of 95 p. illus. 1823. Mede don tivities of the c some fifty docu

the Spanish C ommissioners ments illustrati s and preceded o New Spain by an 85 iby .p. intro-

.t.

MEXICO & CENTRAL AMERICA 323 ductory essay. Constituent Assembly during its first year of exis-

3536. Navarro y Noriega, Fernando. Me- ence ; ; moria sobre la poblacién del Reino de 3542. Valle, Jose C. del. Obras de Jose Nueva Espaiia, escrita en el afio de 1814. Cecilio del Valle. Guatemala, 1929Llanes, 1954. 30 p. illus. 1930.2 v.illus.,maps. Useful demographic and social data compiled by a 4 substantial collection of writings including, in v. 2, Spanish official for the year 1810. The table gives Many articles from El amigo de la patria, the periodinumbers of missions, municipalities, haciendas, Span- Cal_that José Cecilio began publishing in October,

iards, Indians, and castas for each province. 1820. Ramon Rosa’s Biografia de don Cecilio del

. ; Valle, first published in 1906-1913, is reproduced in

sitario 36).

3537. Ramos Arizpe, Miguel. Discursos, _ the prologue tov. 1. memorias e informes. México, 1942. Ixix,

136 p. (Biblioteca del estudiante univer- 4. Contemporary Histories and Memoirs

Includes also the ‘“‘Acta Constitucional’ and the a. Mexico

‘Acta Constitutiva” of 1823, prepared under the di- , nee rection of Arizpe, a leading Mexican federalist and 3543. Alaman, Lucas. Historia de Meéjico one of the principal designers of the Mexican constitu- desde los primeros movimientos que tion of 1824, The collection is introduced ty @ bio” prepararon su independencia en el afio

de 1808, hasta la época presente. Mé3538. Torre Villar, Ernesto de la, comp. La xico, 1849-1852. 5 v. illus., maps.

Constitucion de Apatzingan y los crea- Alamén, although strongly conservative, was the outdores del Estado Mexicano. México, standing contemporary historian of Mexican indepen-

: : . dence. Despite the title, the work concentrates heavily

Toe ieee P. ee bibl. goyututo de on the period 1808-1824. Developments thereafter Nnvesugaciones FUIStoricas . are treated in a very abbreviated form in the last three

A selection of documents illustrating the genesis of the chapters of v. 5. Mexican independence movement and the proceed-

ings and acts of the Congress of Chilpancingo in 1813 3544, Bustamante, Carlos M. de. Continua-

and the constituent Congress of Apatzingan 1814. ‘6n del d histori || Professor Torre Villar provides a ninety-page intro- of c10n ei Cuadro IS onco de la de revolu-

ductory essay developing these themes. cion mexicana... Mexico, 1953-1963.4 v. The first complete edition of this work. It continues

: the narrative into 1837 and exhibits essentially the

b. Central America same format, defects, and merits of the Cuadro his-

3539. Filisola, Vicente. La cooperacién de /2"'?-

Mexico en la independencia de Centro 3545. Bustamante, Carlos M. de. Cuadro America. Mexico, 1911. 2 v. (Docu- __histérico de la revolucién de la América mentos ineditos o muy raros para la his- mexicana... México, 1823-1832. 6 v.

toria de Mexico 35-36). maps.

Largely selections from the correspondence and Bustamante was one of the intellectuals of the insurpublished pronouncements of Filisola while he was gent movement. His account covers the period 1808commander of the Mexican expeditionary force in 182] and is presented in the form of letters to an Central America, 1822-1823. The material was first imaginary correspondent. The letters contain gossipy published by him in 1824 to vindicate his conduct reminiscences and opinions regarding events and

against Central American charges. participants, reconstructed exchanges between insur-

, . gent leaders, and quotations from contemporary

3540. Garcia, Miguel A.., ed. Procesos por printed sources. The work is an essential source for infidencia contr a los proceres salvado- the period but, because of the author’s factiousness renos de la independencia de Centro- and uncritical methodology, it should be used with

america desde 1811 hasta 1818. San Sal- caution.

vador, eae vane ut . D eciblica d us 3546. Guerra, José. Historia de la revolu-

Sine jop. Opedico de ta republica de cién de Nueva Espana, antiguamente

avador), | | Andahuac, o verdadero origen y causas

Includes relating topatriots the trials d 1]y la | lacion d € sus progresos of Manueltwenty-eight José de Arce documents and other Salvadoran € ella re acion

for subversive acts and deeds. hasta el presente ano de 1813. London,

3541. Townsend Ezcurra, Andrés, ed. Fun- 1813.2 v. , dacic d | Republi G | A passionate defense of the revolution by a leading acion € ta epublica. uatemala, patriot priest and intellectual. It is enriched by nu-

1958-. v. 1. merous lengthy quotations from contemporary sources

A careful, well-documented analysis of the proceed- and by documentary appendixes. The author’s full

ings of the ordinary and extraordinary sessions of the name was Servando Teresa de Mier Noriega y Guerra.

324 INDEPENDENCE 3547. Liceaga, José M. de. Adiciones y which correlate Arce’s version of events with other rectificaciones a la Historia de México ‘©°™emporary accounts.

que escribid D. Lucas Alaman. Guana- 3553. Marure, Alejandro. Bosquejo histo-

juato, 1868. 632 p. rico de las revoluciones de CentroLiceaga, who resided in Guanajuato during the period América. Desde 1811 hasta 1834. Guate1810-1821, was a careful observer of events. He pro- mala. 1877-1878.2v fessed to be a great admirer of Alaman’s history and M ? tended hi hist : liberal’s refutation states that his objective is to fill gaps in it and to purge arure intended MIS Mistory as a lt0eral s relutatl it of unintentional errors. of Muntufar y Coronado’s Memorias. It was projected as a three-volume work but, because of con-

3548. Mora, José Maria Luis. Méjico y sus servative opposition, the second was suppressed for

revoluciones. Paris, 1836. 3 v. some time and the third was never completed. Thus,

Mora is generally regarded as the leading spokesman despite ne ee " hireth ony the ots o tne I~ a of pre-Reform liberalism. This annotator did not have dq the 0 th © Tew lithe Iv accounts it e Ey ob access to the 1836 edition but, in that published in 3 rt ne authors poutical views are not overly Obv. in Mexico in 1950, v. | and 3 trace the history of TUSIV®:

the independence movement from its roots in the co- 3554, Marure, Alejandro. Efemérides de lonial period through the death of Morelos in 1815. V. los hechos notables acaecidos en la

2 is a description of the state of the republic toward sbli de C Améri desd | the end of the first decade of its existence. repu Ve 1 Py r oo de 184 5 ve € te

. este . ano ae aSta @€ € . uale-

3549. Robinson, William D. Memoirs of the mala, 1844. 79 p

Mexican revolution: including a narra- provides a succinct and handy chronology of major tive of the expedition of General Xavier political and military events. The appendix contains Mina, with some observations on the _ lists of public officials, battles, and newspapers of practicability of opening a commerce be-__ ‘he Period.

tween the Pacific and Atlantic oceans, 3555. Montafar, Manuel. Memorias para la

... Philadelphia, 1820. xxxvi, 396 p. historia de la revolucién de Centro-

A proinsurgent history of the independence move- América. Jalapa, 1832. xxxii, 257 p. mnt OS" 181 by aU Scan. princi alg political history ofthe perod 1820-183 writen by

Mina’s filibusteri diti pal hich th th a leading conservative spokesman while in prison and nas Hiodustering expediuon im which the author published while he was in exile in Mexico. Despite

participated. a partisan bias, it is a perceptive account and a basic

3550. Zavala, Lorenzo de. Ensayo hist6rico source for the period. It is often cited as Memorias de

de las revoluciones de Méjico, desde Pa.

1808 hasta 1830. Paris,and1831-1832. v.. 5. Descrivt; A valuable account of political military events2by Description andT Travel

leading Mexi deralist wh ted the seces- Lo. .

a feading Mexican federalist who supported the seces" 4.5.56, Beaufoy, Mark. Mexican illustrations,

, founded upon facts; indicative of the 3551. Zerecero, Anastasio. Memorias para “es ; we la historia de las revoluciones en Mé- present condition of society, manners,

. ye : religion, and morals, among the Spanish

xico.bulk Mexico, 1869. 608 p. illus., maps. and native inhabitants of Mexico: with The of this book is an account of the revolution . : for independence based on Zerecero’s personal recol- observations upon the government and

lections and on published and manuscript sources, resources of the republic of Mexico, as particularly, Lucas Alaman’s history. Despite the they appeared during part of the years author’s proinsurgent and advanced liberal views, his . work is reasonably objective. The remainder of the 1825, seri and 1827. snterspersed with volume consists of biographies of famous Indians in occasiona remarks | upon the climate, Mexican history, including Benito Juarez, and a docu- produce, and antiquities of the country,

mentary appendix. mode of working the mines, etc. London, 1828. 310 p. illus., map.

b. Central America An excellent description by a British soldier, scientist,

. and world traveler. 3552. Arce, Manuel J. Memoria. San Sal- . vador, 1959. 314 p. (Coleccién His- 3557. Bullock, William. Six month’s resi-

toria 4). dence and travels in Mexico: containing

This work includes Arce’s defense of his political remarks on the present state of New

career, which was first published in 1830, his sugges- Spain, its natural productions, state of tions for the political reorganization of Central Amer- - 4. a ica, documents related to the annexation of Sonsonate society, manufactures, trade, agriculture, province by EI Salvador, and notes prepared by and antiquities, etc. London, 1824. 532 Modesto Barrios for the 1903 edition of the Memoria, p. illus., maps.

MEXICO & CENTRAL AMERICA 325 An account by an English promoter who was also an and Leon in Nicaragua. Observations are limited amateur naturalist and antiquarian. Both through his _ largely to the landscape, flora and fauna, commercial writings and his London museum he contributed to matters, and social customs. British awareness of Mexico.

3558. Dunn, Henry. Guatemala, or, the 6. Contemporary Periodicals United Provinces of Central America, in 3564. Beteta, Ignacio. Kalendario y guia de

1827-1828; being sketches and mem- _forasteros de Guatemala y sus provincias orandums made during a twelve months para el afio de . . . Guatemala, 1792-? residence in that republic. N.Y., 1828. This was the Guatemalan equivalent of Zufiga y

318 p. Ontiveros’s Mexican Calendario. Medina (La imprenta

Dunn, an Englishman, provides a brief review of the ¢” Guatemala, p. 254) observes that the last known achievement of independence during 1821-1823. The Volume was for 1805 but that almost certainly it conprincipal value of his work, however, lies in his per- tinued beyond that year, perhaps with interruptions, ceptive observations of all aspects of Guatemalan life since earlier years appear to have been skipped, as in

during his extensive travels in the country. the case of 1794.

3559. Haefkens, J. Centraal Amerika, uit 3565. Calendario manual y guia de foraseen Geschiedkundig, aardrijkskundig en —_ teros en Mexico para el ano de...

statistiek oogpunt beschouwd. Dord- México, 1778-1821. illus.,tables. |

recht, 1832. 488 p. illus., map. This mania pepmcation appears to be a consolidation

The author was accredited in 1826 as Dutch consul to or Felipe © aga y ntiveros tle endar ibiiched it the Central American government. His work contains ™Manac, which under nd 177 ut ‘this C pudhisnhee in valuable historical information as well as perceptive Mexico between 1752 and 1777 and his Guia para que personal observations made during his residence in ‘48 Personas que tuvieren negocios en este corte,

the country sepan las casas de losIttribunales y juzgados de ellain , (México, 1761-1777). is an invaluable source

3560. Hardy, Robert Ww. H. Travels in the _ that it constitutes a directory of civil, military, and interior of Mexico, in 1825, 1826, 1827 & ecclesiastical corporations and tribunals not only for

1828. London, 1829. 540 p. illus., maps. mown” on Pa

Hardy, a British naval officer, deals mainly with 3566. Diario de México. Mexico, oct. 1, Sonora and Baja California. Emphasis is on rural 1805-—enero 4, 1817. 12 v. illus. life but some space is devoted to political and military — Under the direction of a circle of enlightened Mexico

affairs. City intellectuals,. the Diario published literary, scientific, and historical pieces along with some contem-

3561. Lyon, G eorge F. Journal ofa residence porary reportage. Normally a daily, its publication was and tour in the republic of Mexico in the occasionally interrupted by censorship difficulties.

year 1826; with some account of the 3567. Gazeta de Guatemala. lenacio Beteta

mines of that country. London, 1828. 2 - Vaazela de \suate - tgnacio Deteta, v. illus ed. Guatemala, feb. 13, 1797-jul. 1, The author, a British naval officer, was commissioner 1816. 18 v. illus. (Appeared as Gaceta of British-run mines in Mexico. His journal provides del Gobierno de Guatemala, oct., 1811a wealth of detail on mining and mining revenues as dic., 1812).

well as sophisticated observations on general social This was the Guatemalan equivalent of the Gazeta de

and economic conditions. México. It was intended to be a weekly but, particu3562. Poinsett, Joel R. Notes on Mexico, tthe ast years of ts existence, appeared made in the autumn of 1822. Accom- adherence to advanced ideas, which resulted in occapanied by an historical sketch of the rev- sional suspension. In addition to its regular numbers, olution, and translations of official re- SHE eience an official Gazette was’ published beports on the present state of that country. ginning with the Gaceta del Gobierno de Guatemala

A useful Philadelphia, 1824. 39 p. map. det (1821-1822). general description by an experienced

Latin . a

American observer who (in 1825) became a contro- 3568. Gazeta del Gobierno de Mexico.

versial U.S. minister to Mexico. México, 1810-1821. 21 v. Gazeta Im3563. Roberts, Orlando W. Narrative of an More .¥ Gaceta fe1 Gobierno

voyages and excursions on the east coast 1822 " °

and in the interior of Central America. These are rich and essential sources for the period. Edinburgh, 1 827. 302 p. map. Publication intervals range from once every two weeks

Roberts was a British trader operating in Central in early numbers to thrice weekly in 1821. In addition America just prior to independence. His description to regular numbers, supplements and extraordinary covers the east coast from Darien to Cape Gracias a _issues appeared from time to time. Contents include Dios and also a trip up the San Juan Riverto Granada royal and imperial orders, decrees, notices, and proc-

P

3276 INDEPENDENCE lamations; foreign and domestic news, including items _ attitudes and actions of Hernan Cortés and his two from the provinces; shipping information; scientific sons Martin, the brothers Avila, and other disaffected observations; fiscal and military statistics; editorials creoles.

and letters to the editor. After the fall of Iturbide, the , , . .

series continues under various titles and with some 3975. Gonzalez y Gonzalez, Luis. E] optibrief interruptions as the official gazette of the Mexi- mismo nacionalista como factor de la in-

can republic. dependencia de Mexico. In Isabel Gutié-

; ; ; ; rrez del Arroyo, et al. Estudios de his7. Special Studies and Biographies toriografia americana. México, 1948.

a. Mexico p. 155-215. A thoughtful essay on the development of Mexican

3569. Benson, Nettie L., ed. Mexico and the __ nationalism in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth

Spanish Cortes, 1810-1822: eight es- century. says. Austin, 1966. 243 p. bibl. Unsti- 3576. Hamill, Hugh M., Jr. The Hidalgo tute of Latin American Studies. Univer- revolt: prelude to Mexican independence.

graphs 5). bibl.

sity of Texas Latin American mono- Gainesville, 1966. 284 p. illus., map,

The essays deal with.the election of Mexican deputies The most scholarly and dispassionate account of the

and their role in the Cortes, freedom of the press in Revolution of Dolores that has yet appeared. The

New Spain, the effect of the Cortes on churchreforms, basic explanation of the revolt is traditional; that is, the army and the Mexican delegation, and “Reform creole resentment against gachupin dominance, but as a Means to Quell Revolution.’’ Although the con- the complexities of the issue are analyzed more caretributions vary in quality and the introduction fails to fully and with better balance than in previous works. place them in a common conceptual framework, they Father Hidalgo, himself, emerges as neither an imcontain enough new data, evaluations, and interpre- maculate hero nor an unprincipled and improvident tations to make the volume a worthwhile contribution. failure but as a sincerely motivated individual assailed

; ene . . t

. C : sustained and 1948. vigorous2 leadership. del: héroe. México, v. illus., bibl.

3570. Castillo Ledon, Luis. Hidalgo, la vida by misgivings and handicapped by an incapacity for

;

Although frequently uncritical and inadequately doc- 3577. Lafuente Ferrari, Enrique. El vurey

umented, this is the most complete biography extant Iturrigaray y los origenes de la indeof Miguel Hidalgo y Castillo, the leader of the first pendencia de Méjico. Madrid, 1941. 450

phase of the Mexican independence movement. Its p illus |

utility is enhanced by the very extensive bibliography. A carefully documented study that includes much 3571. Castillo Negrete, Emilio del. Historia new factual material on the administration of this conmilitar de México en el siglo xix. México, troversial viceroy. The interpretations of the author,

1883. should dispostion. be evaluated in the light of his hisoo 2v : -> ;however, panophile

A detailed account of military operations from the out-

break of the revolution in 1810 to the death of Hi- 3578. McAlister, Lyle N. Social structure dalgo in 1811, with introductory materials on leading and social change in New Spain. HAHR. figures of the independence period and numerous quo- A3_A 1963: 349-370

tations from primary sources. V.of45, ZAU8., . . in . ; _ The article includes an analysis social structure 3572. Fisher, Lillian E. The background of colonial Mexico with emphasis on its corporate bases; the revolution for Mexican indepen- observations on the erosion of the traditional order in dence. Boston. 1934. 512 p. illus.. bibl the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries; and A somewhat spotty treatment of social, economic, and some hypotheses about the effect a these jonas on

political conditions in preindependence Mexico with et i q polit P P emphasis on detail, rather than interpretation and society and pouty.

broad perspective. 3579. Miquel y Vergés, José M. La indepen3573. Fisher, Lillian E. Champion of reform, dencia mexicana y la prensa insurgente.

Manuel Abad y Queipo. N.Y., 195%. México, 1941. 343 p. illus., map, bibl.

314 p. bibl. Critical studies of I5 insurgent periodicals (1810-

A thoroughly researched but somewhat uncritical !821) and a more-general essay on the insurgent press. and eulogistic biography of the farsighted bishop- Many facsimiles are included.

elect of Michoacan, whose constructive advice to the ° . Spanish government during the early independence 3580. Navarro y Rodrigo, Carlos. Vida de

period went unheeded. Agustin de Iturbide. Memorias de Agus-

, , . tin de Iturbide. Madrid, 1919. 362 p.

3574. ronzaren. Obregon Luis. Los precur- (Biblioteca Ayacucho 39). Sores € la in tepen encla mexicana CN = The first part, comprising 207 p. and first published el siglo xvi. Paris, 1906. 388 p. by Navarro in 1869, is an unsympathetic account of A narrative and interpretive account of the rebellious Iturbide’s public career. The second part, consisting

MEXICO & CENTRAL AMERICA 397 of miscellaneous documentation defending Iturbide, mexicanos 27). was originally published in 1827 as Carrera militar y La literatura mexicana durante la guerra de indepen-

politica de don Agustin de Iturbide. dencia, incorporated in this volume, was first pub-

one . lished in 1917. It is a critical study of the principal

3581. Robertson, William S. I[turbide of writers of the independence period and the social and Mexico. Durham, N.C., 1952. 50 on political environments that influenced them.

erat bibl. (Duke University publi- 3588. Valle, Rafael H. Como era Iturbide.

A biography of the consummator of Mexican indepen- Mexico, 1922. 115 p. illus., bibl. ,

dence and first emperor of the new nation. The volume 4 interpretive, overly laudatory essay whose main is based heavily on archival materials and published Value lies in a briefly annotated 78 p. bibliography. documents and stresses factual detail rather than imag-

inative reconstruction of the life and times of the b. Central America subject.

3582. Rydjord, John. Foreign interest in 3589. Baron Castro, Rodolfo. José Matias the independence of New Spain. Dur- Delgado y el movimiento insurgente de ham, N.C., 1935. 347 p. illus., map, bibl. 1811. San Salvador, 1962. 239 p. bibl.

(Duke University publications). (Biblioteca José Matias Delgado 3).

A well-documented study of the efforts of England, his extensively researched monograph interprets France, and the United States to weaken or destroy the 1811 uprising as an expression of the reform moveSpanish rule in New Spain. The period covered is Ment of the era rather than as a bid for independence.

Haat menican Revolution to the outbreak of the 35909, Baumgartner, Louis E. José del Valle

nanan , . of Central America. Durham, N.C.,

3583. Sierra, Catalina. El nacimiento de 1963. 302 p. illus., bibl.

Mexico. Mexico, 1960. 221 p. illus. A thoroughly researched, critical, and well-written

A trail-blazing study based on an examination of the _ biography of one of Central America’s leading statesmaterial conditions in which Mexico found herself men-intellectuals during the independence and early on initiating her existence as an independent State. republican periods. Not much detail is provided about

The author concentrates on the years immediately Valle’s career after 1826. The utility of the work is

preceding and following 1821. [S.R.] enhanced by the comprehensive bibliography.

3584. Tavera Alfaro, Xavier, comp. El 359], Chamberlain, Robert S. Francisco nacronalisme cn la ary mexicana del Morazan, champion of Centsal American

ae eliotee ey 1963. Ixxx, 189 p. federation. Coral Gables, 1950. 58 p. illus. (Biblioteca del periodista). (University of Miami Hispanic-AmeriThe work includes an introduction by Tavera and an can Studies 9) appendix ofconsisting of documents relatedneftosynthesis the es-ofAthebrief hes;career f h litical , tablishment Mexican periodicals in the eighteenth political of a leading century and of selections from them. Items were Central American liberal. The scarcity of material in chosen to illustrate the growth of “nacionalismo,” English on Morazan enhances the value of this mono-

which means here creole self-awareness. graph. 3585. Teja Zabre, Alfonso. Vida de More- 3592. Duefias Van Severen, J. Biografia del los: nueva version. México, 1959. 313 p. general Francisco Morazan. San Salvaillus. (Universidad Nacional Autonoma dor, 1961. 443 p. illus., bibl. (Coleccién de México. Publicaciones del Instituto Certamen nacional de cultura 17).

de Historia, | serie. 48). This volume is based almost exclusively on published

A revised and augmented version of the author’s materials, documentation is inadequate, and the treatearlier (1917, 1934, 1946) sympathetic biographies ment is uncritical. In the absence of more scholarly of José Maria Morelos y Pavon, the leader of the biographies of one of Central America’s most dissecond phase of the Mexican independence move- tinguished leaders, however, it is a useful collection ment. The volume is based on extensive documental of information.

h me butOmirs omits citations, bibli hy,Guandique, and index. .,P y researe ons mmograpny, an m “* 3593. José S. Presbitero 3586. Timmons, Wilbert H. Morelos: priest, doctor José Matias Delgado; ensayo hissoldier, statesman of Mexico. El Paso, _térico. San Salvador, 1962. 349 p. bibl. 1963. 184 p. illus., map, bibl. (Coleccién Biblioteca José Matias Del-

sources Bacdo Published One of a series of works on 1". Delgado. With the other A solid, traditional-style biography based largely on do 1)

3587. Urbina, Luis G. La vida literaria de volumes in the series, provides comprehensive treatMéxico y la literatura mexicana durante m™ent of one of the first Salvadoran promoters of in-

la guerra de independencia. México, ‘%°Pendence. 1946. 407 p. (Coleccién de escritores 3594. Lépez Jiménez, Ramon. José Matias

328 INDEPENDENCE Delgado y de Leon. Su personalidad, su tral American Federation, 1821-1838. obra y su destino; ensayo historico. San HAHR. v. 43, Nov., 1963: 483-510. Salvador, 1962. 301 p. bibl. (Coleccién A careful study of the Federation’s financial problems

Biblioteca José Matias Delgado 2). and the largely unsuccessful efforts to solve them. One of a series of works on Delgado. With the other wre author qraws extensively on documentation from volumes in the series, provides comprehensive treat- © “rchivo General de la Nacion, uatemaia.

p. bibl.

ment of one of the first Salvadoran promoters of in- 3599, Stanger, Francis M. National origins

dependence. in Central America. HAHR. v. 12, Feb.,

3595. Mayes, Guillermo. Honduras en la 1932: 18-45, 00 independencia de Centro América y The auc traces nationalism im the Central Ameri> Méx; T ‘gal 1956. am republics to colonial administrative organization 131 0. bibl ExIcO. 1 egucigalpa, -* and tensions of the period 1821-1824. A useful survey considering the paucity of material 3600. Tobar Cruz, Pedro. Valle: el hombre,

on the independence movement in Honduras. The el politico, el sabio. Guatemala, 1961.

period covered is 1811-1819. 355 p. illus., bibl. ; . . An attempt to reestablish Valle’s reputation. Because 3596. Meléndez Chaverri, Carlos. El pres- of the moderate and balanced treatment employed, bitero y doctor don José Matias Delgado the work meets with some success. Although rather en la forja de la nacionalidad centro- !0sely documented, it is enriched by lengthy quotaamericana: ens ayo histérico. San Salva- tions from the subject's public and private papers.

dor, 1962. 357 p. illus., bibl. (Coleccién 3601. Vela, David. Barrundia ante el espejo

Biblioteca José Matias Delgado 4). de su tiempo. Guatemala, 1956-1957.

One of a series of works on Delgado. With the other 2 v. illus. (Universidad de San Carlos de volumes in the series, provides comprehensive treat- Guatemala. Editorial Universitaria. Pument or one of the first Salvadoran promoters of in- blicaciones 18).

ependence. A well-documented and reasonably well-balanced . Z 1: study of one of the intellectual leaders of the indepen-

3597. Parker, Franklin D. José Cecilio del dence movement in Guatemala who subsequently Valle and the establishment of the Cen- became one of the republic’s prominent liberal states-

tral America Confederation. Teguci- menand polemicists. galpa, 1954. 85 p. bibl. (Publicaciones 3699, Woodward, Ralph L. Economic and

Al de la Universidad de Honduras 16). i pub. __S0Cial origins of the Guatemalan political lished sources, this item is a useful introduction to the parties (1773-1823). HAHR. v. 45 , Nov., career of one of Guatemala’s leading conservative 1965: 544-566. statesmen of the independence period. An important article that traces Guatemala’s two-party

. ; ; division to preindependence rivalry between planter

3598. Smith, Robert S. Financing the Cen- aristocracy and merchant class.

C. Spanish South America DAVID BUSHNELL

The independence period looms large—many would say disproportionately large—in the historical literature of Spanish South America. But the coverage is uneven, both geographically and topically, and the quality often leaves much to be desired. All too many historians of the area have treated independence only

as a glorious military-political epic, with strong overtones of hero-worship whenever there was an adequate hero at hand to worship. Nor have foreign historians, who presumably could offer greater objectivity, contributed much to improve the situation.

SPANISH SOUTH AMERICA 329 Nevertheless, the picture is not wholly bleak. Among the nineteenth-century ‘“‘classic”’ historians of independence are men like Argentina’s Bartolomé Mitre (3651, 3811) and the Colombian José Manuel Restrepo (3729) whose works were

outstanding in their own time and are still valid in their main lines today. If Mitre is no longer required reading to quite the same extent as Restrepo, it is because later Argentine historians, such as Ricardo Levene, largely following in the path of scholarship that Mitre charted, have produced so much more than their Colombian counterparts. But elsewhere, too, some excellent twentieth century historians have concerned themselves with the independence movement: and in

general recent decades have shown a sharp improvement in both scholarly techniques and sophistication of analysis. It must be added, however, that the first

of these two trends has made more progress than the latter. A case in point is the work of the late Vicente Lecuna in Venezuela, who at his best—which was very good— placed painstaking scholarship at the service of a strictly traditional patriotic image of Bolivar. Not only this, but Lecuna and others have lavished on such shopworn themes as the Guayaquil interview (3648) a quantity of effort that could have been better spent on problems of broader and deeper significance. The purely military history of battles and campaigns no longer enjoys the clear primacy it once held. This is no great loss, since relatively speaking the coverage is already adequate. The latter can also be said concerning the surface narrative of political events in southern South America and for certain phases of the independence movement elsewhere. The history of the establishment of the initial revolutionary governments has received particular attention and has gone handin-hand with detailed consideration of political and other antecedents, including ideological currents. But a fundamental analysis of political events in terms of social and other underlying forces is often lacking. The biographical literature, which in general combines military and political emphases, is abundant but disappointing: only in the Rio de la Plata area does nearly every major figure have at least one adequate modern biography. And in the economic, social, and cultural spheres, the coverage is still exceedingly spotty. A few excellent, or meritorious, works exist, but for the most part they deal with quite limited subjects.

There are, furthermore, certain parts of Spanish South America where little research and writing of any sort have been done on the independence period. The

extreme case is Paraguay, where the neglect is understandable in view of the minor character of the struggle that occurred there and the greater attraction for Paraguayan historians of later, more dramatic themes. Paraguay is accompanied in this regard, though for different reasons, by Bolivia, for which the one scholarly treatment covering the independence movement as a whole is a foreign contribu-

tion. Ecuadorans have also been somewhat negligent, except for a late spurt of interest in the first, and to a lesser extent the second, Quito juntas. Among the

larger countries, Peru—where the way in which independence finally was achieved still arouses mixed feelings—has not literally neglected the study of independence but has conspicuously refrained from putting major emphasis on it. The relatively large number of separate Peruvian listings in this section is thus misleading as to the amount of work done. Probably for no other period and region in the field of Latin American history do there exist so many and such extensive collections of printed source materials. These collections exhibit much the same characteristics as the secondary liter-

ature: the same topical and geographical emphases or lacunae, and the same

330 INDEPENDENCE tendency toward repetitious treatment of favorite themes, as evidenced by the frequent republication of the very same documents by different compilers. Nevertheless, the researcher has reason to be grateful for the mass of published docu-

mentation at his disposal, and some of the latest collections—notably two Venezuelan series dealing with institutional aspects of the armed forces (5002) and with agrarian matters (3707)—do reflect welcome new approaches in the criteria used for selection. Likewise the number of newspapers of the independence period that have been reprinted is impressive. Participants in the struggle left behind a valuable crop of memoirs—although few of these are by proceres of the first rank. Some of the best are by foreign volunteers who fought with the patriots. Indeed, the observations of foreign visitors form a substantial and valuable body of literature. Business promoters and agents of foreign governments, as well as volunteer fighters in the patriot armies, sought to satisfy the curiosity of people at home about the new lands that were suddenly opening up, and the result was a remarkable outpouring of descriptive literature. Many of the foreigners’ accounts must be used with care, but they constitute a convenient source of information on economic life and social customs, not to mention scenic glories. One will not find much in the way of bibliographical aids. Only for the Plata area are there comprehensive recent bibliographies on the independence period. Elsewhere the pertinent bibliographies are outdated or incomplete. The gaps are equally obvious in the supply of other specialized research aids.

1. Bibliographies, Guides, Reference Works venezolana, del archivo de la Gran

; ; Colombia. Indice sucinto. Caracas, 1960.

3603. Ardao, Maria J., and Aurora Capi- 148 p.

llas de Castellanos. Bibliografia de Arti- Preliminary guide to a large microfilm collection of

gas. Montevideo, 1953-1958. 2 v. documents from the Archivo Nacional de Colombia,

Extremely comprehensive and superbly annotated which the Fundacién John Boulton has assembled bibliography, covering books, articles, broadsheets, in Caracas. The primary criterion of selection has everything. Useful for more than just the career of been relevance to Venezuela 1810-1830, but many Artigas and for Rio de la Plata generally as well as documents are of wider significance, and in practice

Uruguay. Indexing inadequate. this can also serve as a partial guide to holdings of

as the source archive in Bogota for this period. Arranged 3604. Arnade, Charles W. Una bibliogr afia alphabetically, by names and subjects. A compleselecta de la guerra de la emancipaciOn mentary Indice, arranged by the order in which the

en el Alto-Peri. BSGH. no. 12, jun., documents themselves were filmed, is appearing

1953: 159-169 serially in BH, published by the Fundacién.

A brief critical essay, and scarcely current, but about 3607. Furlong Cardiff, Guillermo, and Abel

all there is for Bolivia. R. Geoghegan. Bibliografia de la revolu3605. Davila, Vicente. Diccionario bio- cion de mayo, 1810-1828. B.A., 1960.

grafico:de prdceres de topically la inde- 0 Xxx1X, 704 p.and opicall 4 and : _ilustres ver 9, entries arranged covering pendencia suramericana. Caracas, 1924 the whole Argentine independence period, not just 1926. 2 v. map. oo, the May Revolution. Publications on the entire career

A rather unusual biographical compilation, based on of San Martin are included. Aims to be exhaustive Venezuelan military retirement pension records. De- rather than selective. The more important items are tailed service records, also data on such things as generally annotated. A supplement was published by distribution of confiscated properties. Covers obscure Guillermo Lousteau Heguy under the title Jnformaas well as famous figures and includes some New — cignes bibliogrdficas americanas: Argentina, in AEA,

Granadans and foreigners, even civilians. no. xviii, 1961: 653-699.

3606. Fundacién John Boulton. Seccion 3608. Grases, Pedro. La bibliografia vene-

SPANISH SOUTH AMERICA 331 zolana de la independencia y de los America and is still an important guide to the older origenes de la emancipacién. /n Aca~ material, Many entries carry annotations (often demia Nacional de la Historia. El MOVI- cluded. V. 1 contains a biography of San Martin by miento emancipador de Hispanoamerica. Juan Maria Gutiérrez (p. 15-118). V. 5 is concerned

Actas y ponencias. Caracas, 1961.5 v. wholly with poetry. A Veod Particle with extensive bibliographical 3614. Scarpetta, M. Leonidas, and Saturnino footnotes. Far from exhaustive, but Grases provided Vergara. Diccionario biografico de los a fuller listing of sources on the beginnings of the in- campeones de la libertad de Nueva dependence movement in ‘“Contribuci6n a la biblio- Granada, Venezuela, Ecuador i Peru. grafia del 19 de abril de 1810,” RSBV, ano 21, v. 19, Bogota, 1879. 728 p., illus.

f , : ils e been correc ;

no. 62, 19 abr., 1960: 92-135. Biographical data on over 1,600 figures of the inde3609. Grases, Pedro, and Manuel Pérez Fern te been corrected by later research. and

i rancolom; , ; 733-777 Soe bliograficas para el estudio de la vida y

Vila. Gran Colombia. Referencias rela- coverage of Peruvians is quite inadequate, but the tivas a la bibliografia sobre el period volume is still a useful reference work.

emancipador 19 45° aes 1964: 3615. Zamudio Zamora, José. Fuentes bi-

An admittedly incomplete but useful survey article, de la epoca de Bernardo O’Higgins. dealing with recent publications in, or by natives of, Santiago de Chile, 1946. 286 p. . Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and Panama. Three-part bibliography covering printed materials

. . . . (manifestoes, etc.) signed by O’Higgins; writings on

3610. Grisanti, Angel. El Archivo del Li- O’ Higgins and his period; and contemporary Chilean, bertador. Indice. Caracas, 1956. 3 v. Argentine, and Peruvian periodicals containing im-

Ls ; annotated.

illus portant relevant data. Major items are generally

A partial index of the holdings of the Casa Natal del Libertador in Caracas, which include Bolivar’s per-

sonal archive (as reassembled) as well as other 1m- 2. General

portant materials. The documents indexed here, plus

one other section of the same archive, have been a. Sources

placed on microfilm, of which the Library of Congress . in Washington has a copy. The microfilm has a separ- 1. Documents

ate index (Archivo del libertador. . . . Indice de la . . . : reproduccion. Caracas, 1961, 23 p.), but Grisanti’s, as 3616. Academia Nacional de la Historia,

far as it goes, is more detailed. It also contains as- Car acas. Biblioteca de la Academia de sorted background data on the archive and on Boli- Historia. Caracas, 1960-. 82 v. to 1966.

var’s family. A general series entry is provided for this collection

oe . ; ; because of its outstanding importance. It reprints

3611. Instituto Argentino de Ciencias Ge- many important sources and monographs, some of nealogicas. Genealogia de los hombres de which are listed elsewhere in this volume, but also Mayo. B.A., 1961. ciii, 383 p. illus. includes new publications. Indispensable for the study A special issue of the organ of the Instituto that pro- _f the period, 18081830. [C.C.G.]

vides biographies of all who attended the May 22 3647 Argentine Republic. Congreso Ca4-

cabildo abierto, also Cisneros and “14: : junta member Juanincluding Larrea. mara de Viceroy Senadores. Biblioteca de ;mayo;

a | coleccion de obras y documentos para

3612. Rivera Serna, Raul. Bibliografia sobre la historia argentina. B.A., 1960-1963. la historia de la emancipaci6n peruana. 17 v. in 20. illus., maps.

In Academia Nacional de la Historia. An extremely valuable collection of sources for the El movimiento emancipador de His- study of Argentine independence, including San sa . Martin’s campaigns in Chile and Peru. The contents panoamerica. Actas y ponencias. Cara- are Memoirs and contemporary accounts; newspapers

cas, 1961.5 v.v. 1, p.3 17-341 and literary journals of the period; and documents on

Unannotated and far from exhaustive but compiled military, political, and diplomatic aspects, from ante-

by a qualified specialist. Covers books, pamphlets, cedents of independence to 1826. The majority of

“a: , t d i ib] d ll-edited fi .

etc., but not articles. this material had been published before, but it is now

3613. Salas, Carlos I. Bibliografia del ge- “°"““" rated in sees © ane WS ; roe om neral Don José de San Martin y de la 3618. Blanco, José F., and Ramon Azpuria, emancipacion sudamericana. B.A., 1910. cCOmps. Documentos para la historia de

5 v. illus. la vida publica del libertador de Colom-

This bibliographical aid is naturally strongest on the bia, Pert y Bolivia. Caracas, 1875-1878. career of San Martin, but it aims to cover all Spanish 14 v. illus.

332? INDEPENDENCE A basic documentary collection, arranged chronologi- de San Martin published by the Museo Mitre (B.A., cally except for scattered addenda in oversize volumes —:1910-1911, 12 v.), which will ultimately be superand double-column format. The documents range in _seded. It begins with a volume on his family and early

time from remote antecedents (the oldest is dated career and goes on to publish (or republish) relevant 1446) to 1830. They include papers from the portion documents from the Museo Mitre holdings in chronoof Bolivar’s personal archive that was given after logical order, reaching only a point in 1818 with volhis death to Gen. Pedro Bricefio Méndez, but these ume 8. Later volumes_are to continue with published are supplemented from many other sources. There and unpublished Museo Mitre materials and docuare numerous errors of transcription, some willfully ments from other sources.

introduced to clarify or embellish, and many of the 3624. Lecuna, Vicente, comp. Relaciones

documents have since been republished in improved dip] we de Boli Chil

source. uenos ofres. aracas, , oe . Documents 1820-1827, basic .forV. the ulus. study of versions. Nevertheless, this remains an indispensable Bu. oma C 0 N 1954_ , Fr y

aracas, — . v., N.Y., , , ,

on. Bonar Saat 5 ras aT intra-Latin American relations of the period. v. 11: Caracas, 1959, v. 12, illus. 3625. O eth Simon B., ed. Memorias del A standard collection. The first ten volumes, edited general O Leary. Caracas, 1879-1888. by Vicente Lecuna, have a detailed index in v. 10. 32 v. illus. G.e., 31 numbered v. plus V. [1 and 12, edited by Lecuna and by Manuel Perez appendix). Vila, contain letters discovered subsequently, in- Only three of these volumes actually contain the narcluding some different versions of those published — rative memoirs of Bolivar’s aide Daniel F. O’Leary.

before; each has its own index. The rest contain documents, notably from the portion 3620. Bolivar, Sim6n. Escritos del liberta- 0° Bollvar's personal archives that fell to O'Leary in 539 7the division and that subsequently augdor. Caracas, 1964-. _v.64. 1, 1964. ?P.initial mented by him from otherwas sources. This collection An ambitious venture under auspices of the Sociedad ~—s chares some of the technical inadequacies of the

Bolivariana de Venezuela that will incorporate not Blanco and Azpurtia collection, but it is still very only letters, decrees, addresses, etc., but anything important. There is also a guide: Manuel Pérez Vila, attributable to Bolivar (e.g., oficios signed by his fydice de los documentos contenidos en las memorias secretary general). When completed this will super- del general Daniel Florencio O’Leary (Caracas, sede other published Bolivarian texts. V. 1, sub- 1957, 2 v., illus.). titled “‘Introduccién general,’ reviews known manu-

script and printed collections of Bolivar documents .. ,

tion”’ pl h 3626. logy ofy Sousa, his José career. ,. fon Pies 8 eionnonoey Abascal F. de. Memoria and offers a detailed study of his ‘intellectual forma- 1. Memoirs

3621. Bolivar, Simon. Selected writings. de gobierno. Ed. preparada por Vicente Compiled by Vicente Lecuna, edited by Rodriguez Casado and José A. Calderén

Harold A. Bierck, Jr., translated by Quyano .. . Sevilla, 1944. 2 v. illus.,

Lewis Bertrand. N.Y., 1951. 2 v. illus., bibl. (Publicaciones de la Escuela de

maps, bibl. Estudios Hispano-Americanos de _ la Valuable, even for the reader of Spanish, as a con- Universidad de Sevilla. Serie 3: Memo-

venient reference containing all the more famous . . -

A., - ; V.

Bolivarian texts plus a good sampling of correspond- A oo, relaciones y eae 1). th th

ence. Introduction by Bierck. Well indexed. ocument of importance, whose author was the ; able Viceroy of Peru from 1808 to 1816. After a 3622. Buenos Aires. Universidad Nacional. topical review of administrative problems, he gives Instituto de Historia Argentina “Doctor us account of the revolutionary struggle, emphasizing Emilio Ravignani.” Mayo documental. jong preliminary study by Rodriguez Casado.

para la historia argentina 29-40). 3627. Araoz de la Madrid, Gregorio. Memo-

A collection of high technical standards, incorporat- rias del general Gregorio Araoz de la ing documents previously published and unpublished Madrid. B.A., 1895. 2 v. illus., map.

on both American and European antecedents of the An interestingly written set of memoirs, full of reMay Revolution. Much of the material is also rele- constructed dialogue, by an officer from Tucumén vant to history of adjoining areas—and of Spanish who fought in Upper Peru as well as in Argentina.

America :as: aoe whole. V. | covers independence quent civilthestrife of thestruggles Ss. and subse-

3623. Instituto Nacional Sanmartiniano. Documentos para la historia del liberta- 3628. O’Connor, Francisco B. Independendor general San Martin. B.A., 1953-. cla americana. Recuerdos de Francisco

8 v. through 1960. illus. Burdett O’Connor. Madrid, [19157]

This comprehensive collection of materials relating 416 p. (Biblioteca Ayacucho 3).

to the career of San Martin represents a greatly ex- Memoirs of an Irish volunteer who came to Venepanded edition of the older Documentos del archivo zuela in 1818, ultimately fought his way down to

SPANISH SOUTH AMERICA 333 irect style, they stick qui - .

Bolivia, ane settle’ mere eee to events inten 1817 and 1818, in the frigate Congress.

101. .

sonally experienced. The account goes fo 1839, but apoaitimore, 1819. 2 v. map. but primarily a the greater part deals with the indepen ene’ perros’ description, with historical background, of the United

3629. O’Leary, Daniel F. Memorias del Provinces of Rio de la Plata. Very informative.

general Daniel Florencio Once: Na- 3634. Haigh, Samuel. Sketches of Buenos NBL Caracas, 1952. 3 v. illus., maps, Ayres, Chile, and Peru. London, 1831. These memoirs, by the Liberator’s Irish aide, are the A lonely titan» npathetic account. Originally most important ofall those emanating from the Boll, Sopcared as Sketches of Buenos Ayres and Chil the struggle in Venezuela but is valuable especially oondon. 1829) Desenibes two vate une se lhe from O’Leary’s arrival in 1818, and continues through 1; tne Feruvian secuion was added later, on the

. .M ; ’ ae

1829. This specially annotated edition is the best of basis of a Visit in 1825. Haigh was with the patriots

several available at Maipu but was a merchant, not a soldier.

, . , 3635. Head, Francis B. Rough notes taken

3630 Dats ; Ost Ma , “Pay E dq ostumas de during some rapid journeys across the general JOSe Miata t az. Ed. especial Ce pampas and among the Andes. London, la ““Biblioteca del Oficial,” anotada por 1826. 309 p. el teniente coronel Juan Beverina. B.A., An account of travels in Argentina (to a lesser extent

1924-1926. 3 v. maps. Chile that was exceptionally popular in its day. By a

Though written some time after the events described _Britisher involved in mining ventures, who in the nar-

and uneven in coverage, these memoirs are a funda- ‘tive Proper emphasizes picturesque description of mental source on the independence struggle in north- 4Uchos, Indians, and the like, but includes a short

ern Argentina and Upper Peru and theJohn. civil strife of 5636. M ors. in J hn.ile T Is inand Chil dL the period. . Miers, Travels La

3631. Peru de Lacroix, Louis. Diario de The mata, fon ce Y » 1BO oN us. Maps. and Bucaramanga. _Estudio critico yo repro- a very good one. Miers then changes over to a deduccion literalisima del manuscrito OFl- tailed, topically organized description of Chile: geogginal... , con toda clase de anotaciones _ raphy, political history, society, mining, etc.

para discernir su valor historico por mon- 3637. Proctor, Robert. Narrative of a joursenor Nicolas E. Navarro. Caracas, 1935. ney across the cordillera of the Andes,

450 p. illus. — | and of a residence in Lima, and other

Recollections, opinions, and customs of the Liberator, parts of Peru, in the years 1823 and 1824

as set down by a French officer on theand basis some. Pp. Lond 1825 374 weeks’ close association in 1828. A famous val-of ondon,

uable source; to be used with extreme care, but Na- The author, as agent for a British loan contractor, varro’s introduction, notes, and appendix are a definite traveled to Peru by way of Argentina and Chile. A help. There is another edition published under the 00d observer and highly readable, he deals princisame title by the Ministerio de Educacién Nacional Pally though not exclusively with Peru and offers (Caracas, 1949, 281 p., Biblioteca Venezolana de Cul- both local color and current events.

tura, Coleccion “Andrés Bello’), which gives a slightly 3638. Schmidtmeyer, Peter. Travels into

Sapper act and a different set of “glosas” by way Chile, over the Andes, in the years 1820

and 1821. London, 1824. 378 p. illus., map.

i. Description and Travel A good account, equipped with some very interesting

colored illustrations and an admirable topical index.

70 Anges, Josep. _oumney om 3639. Stevenson, William Bennet. A_hisCordov Thea throug ry if P to Pote 0 torical and descriptive narrative of twenty ordova, Tucuman, and Salta, to Potosi, years’ residence in South America. Lon-

thence by the deserts of Caranja to don. 1825. 3 v. illus.

Africa, and subsequently, to Santiago de Valuable for Chile, Peru, and Ecuador. V. 1 and 2 Chili and Coquimbo. London, 1827.2 v. describe conditions on the eve of independence; v. 3

Very good description of customs and general con- deals with the independence period proper, to 1823. ditions, by the agent of a British mining firm. Has Stevenson, who was secretary to the President of some value also for his observations of prominent Quito when revolution began, later fulfilled the same Latin American figures and current events. role for his countryman Lord Cochrane.

3633. Brackenridge, Henry M. Voyage to b. Secondary Works

South America, performed by order of the American government in the years 3640. Bulnes, Gonzalo. Historia de la ex-

334 INDEPENDENCE pedicion libertadora del Pert. 1817— Numerous later editions. 1822. Santiago de Chile, 1887—1888.2v. 3646. Lecuna, Vicente. Catdlogo de errores

illus. | | y calumnias en la historia de Bolivar.

Detailed and well-organized account, from a Chilean N.Y.. 1956-1958. 3 v. illus

conservative viewpoint, of the planning and execution This ‘compendium of charges and countercharges

Oe entin Sled oe ote d , Bulnes wrote P S€- shows Lecuna at his least attractive. It is, however, y lias campafias de la “in de nde sla tel P, “a useful guide to controversies that have arisen about

(Madrid 1919.2 y) € pengencl cru theand life and work of the Liberator. V. 3chrenology includes a full , see analytical index a seventy-five—page 3641. Congreso Internacional de Historia °f Bolivar. de America, III. Buenos Aires, 1960. Ter- 3647. Lecuna, Vicente. Cronica razonada de

cer congreso internacional de historia de las guerras de Bolivar. N.Y., 1950. 3 v.

America. B.A., 1961. 6 v. illus., map, illus., maps.

bibl. As the title indicates, this magnum opus of Lecuna is

Collected papers (some with their own documentary a “chronicle” of Bolivarian battles and campaigns — appendixes and bibliographies) of a meeting held in but the reasoning is sometimes marred by uncritical commemoration of the independence sesquicenten- admiration. Nevertheless, the work rests on a great nial. They deal with antecedents and later echoes as amount of research and is a basic reference on the well as with the movement itself, and mainly with military events of independence. Very full index.

Spanish SouthbutAmerica and abovenotall theLecuna, PlataVicente. area. La 364 . . de The quality varies, the collection is valuable 3648. entrevista only for its specific contents but also as a cross-section Guayaquil; restablecimiento de la ver-

of research and writing in this field. dad historica. 4. ed. Caracas, 1962-1963.

3642. Las ‘‘apocryphal campanias ; 2. illus. | “1:Diaz | 7 .Venteo, tudies,Fernando. documents, letters,” etc., all moanres del aps. Apasca’ sev relating to the Guayaquil meeting of Bolivar and San

194 . 416 p. maps, ib]. (Escuela de Es- Martin. Among the “apocryphal” is the famous (or tudios Hispano-Americanos de Sevilla. infamous) ‘Lafond letter,” purportedly written by Publicaciénes 37. Serie 2. Monografias ‘San Martin, on which much of the anti-Bolivarian

11) customarily see aes posthumously oa .mnterprewuon expanded edition is a near-definitive presentation o

A solidly resear ched monograph. making good use Of the “official” Venezuelan viewpoint. Exceptionally Spanish archives. overs the ear! y —and successful — full indexing. Struggles of the royalist authorities in Peru against

revolutionary activities in Quito, Upper Peru, and 3649. Madariaga, Salvador de. Bolivar. Chile. México, 1951. 2 v. illus., maps, bibl.

. . y the most famous by dint of attacks made on it by

3643. Gandia, Enrique de. La independen- ren Hom the pest O eon pographies, Out pro’. Cla americana. B.A., 1961. 226 p. outraged Venezuelans. In effect, this usefully pre‘ oan; "4 South nN which Sandia applies to i" rest sents the other side— sometimes to absurd extremes. of Beamish Sout Ameria roughly te same theses “Appendixes” give bibliography and notes, and ther

d Lv € one Te} te hi ot notions. the Pre is also a section of documents, “‘in great part inedited,”’ frequen tly worth taking into acecun f » ley which is lacking from the English version (London and N.Y., 1952).

3644. Hasbrouck, Alfred. legionLo Al,| aries in the liberation of Spanish South 3650.Foreign Masur, Gerhard. Simon Bolivar. America. N.Y., 1928. 471 p. map, bibl. buquerque, N.M., 1948. 737 p. illus.,

(Studies in history, economics, and pub- maps, bibl. (University of New Mexico.

lic law, ed. by the Faculty of Political rine of enter Aierican Studies. Inter-

Science of Columbia University 303). merican Studies 4). .

The standard treatment of foreign participants in the Despite some minor errors and other shortcomings. independence struggle—at least for the Bolivarian [this massive work is probably the most serviceable region and campaigns. A balanced assessment, well biography of the Liberator yet published. The author’s researched, though relying quite heavily on the for. German background lends some degree of detach-

eieners’ own testimony ° ment, although he leaves no doubt as to the greatness

3645. L sb LFrFeiupe. 7 L dLaofvida hisY subject. - LarrazabDal, COrreSs- —Based sources. largely on standard published pondencia general del libertador Simon 3651. Mitre, Bartolomé. Historia de San

Bolivar. N.Y., 1865.2 v. illus. Martin y de la emancipacién sudameri-

A “prose poem,” in the words of it José Fortoul.Cana. A. 1938-1940. ill Not without scholarly value when firstGil appeared, B.A., 3 - J 5V.v.HIUS., Maps. but superseded today both as a biography and as a (His Obras completas, 1-5).

collection of documents; its lasting importance is asa An Argentine classic, of which the ‘‘corrected” (2.) landmark in the creation of a Bolivarian ‘‘myth.”” edition appeared in 1890, covering the independence

SPANISH SOUTH AMERICA 335 of all Spanish South America stressing the role of San _ biography in his own right. This well-written narrative

Martin. A work of outstanding scholarship for its day, account, largely based on research in standard

which set patterns of interpretation that are still largely sources, is at least as good as any.

followed in Argentina (and still disputed by ardent a

admirers of Bolivar). Documentary appendixes in 3658. Salcedo-Bastardo, J. L. Vision y re-

last volume. vision de Bolivar. Caracas, 1957. 399 p. 3652.sOtero, José P. Historia del libertador A bibl.of ne Bolivar’s di on of Bolivar’s thoueht and s . wide-ranging discussion thought an Jose San Martin. B.A., 1932. 4 v. illus., attitudes, social and economic as well as political.

maps, bibl. ; Despite some questionable interpretations, such as

A full-scale treatment of San Martin, based on wide the thesis that Bolivar was an agrarian reformer, this research. Otero presents basically the same view jis a worthwhile and often stimulating contribution to found in Mitre’s classic study but incorporates new the study of both man and times.

details, especially on the European portions of his . . . . career (pre-1812 and post-1824). 3659. Vedia y Mitre, Mariano de. La vida

, , ; , de Monteagudo. B.A., 1950. 3 v. illus.

3653. Perez, Joaquin. Artigas, San Martin A well-written and comprehensive study, covering y los proyectos monarquicos en el Rio _ the career of Bernardo Monteagudo from early activide la Plata y Chile, 1818-1820. RHCA. _ ties in Argentina and Upper Peru through his later afio liv, 22 época, t. 30, nos. 88-90 collaboration with San Martin in Peru. Based on wide

19 60: 1-280 " ? " > research, with documentary appendix. Strongly sym-

agosto, , , pathetic to Monteagudo but not mere adulation. Solidly documented study of the monarchist projects a 4 of the Directory regime at Buenos Aires and of its 3660. Vicuna Mackenna, Benjamin. San

relations with Artigas and San Martin. Pays tribute to Martin. La revolucié6n de la indepenthe republicanism of the federalist caudillos, notably . , . . Artigas; has less to say on San Martin. Also issued dencia del Peru. Santiago de Chile, 1938.

separately (Montevideo, 1960). >> p. illus., map. (His Obras completas 3654. P erez Amuchastegui, Antonio Jorge. This volume contains two separate works: a biogLa “Carta de Lafond” y la preceptiva _ raphy of San Martin, with which other writings of the historiografica. Cordoba, Argentina, same author on San Martin have been grouped; and a 1962. 69 p. (Universidad Nacional de history of Peruvian developments 1810-1819, which Cérdoba. Instituto de deEstudios Estudj AAmeri. first appeared in always 1860. The latterit isthe more ordoba. Instituto Though not critical, is based on important. diligent re-

canistas. Serie historica 32). search, including witnesses’ accounts, and deals sym-

An ingenious treatment of the polemic resulting from _ pathetically with a period of miscellaneous plottings

the Guayaquil interview, describing as a fabrication and revolutionary ferment that the Peruvians themthe key document cited by anti-Bolivarian interpre- selves have somewhat neglected.

ters but accepting much of its substance as true. . . Also appeared in BANH(O), t. 96, no. 181, enero- 3661. Villanueva, Laureano. Vida de don marzo, 1963: 40-98. Antonio José de Sucre. 3. ed. Caracas, 3655. Piccirilli, Ricardo. San Martin y la 124-38 P. maps, ib! (Biblioteca

politica de los pueblos. B.A., 1957. 494 drés Bello”)

A p., illus. ‘buti rT hed ti Though he looms large in much of the literature on el tw eatie ‘al ; deas and © i ane 'N8__— Bolivar, Sucre has not received a really adequate biog-

on San Martin's political ideas and relationships, €s- raphy. This older work, first published in 1895, is a> pecially with Argentine factions, provides often de- good as any. Lacks full scholarly apparatus; numerous tailed discussion of conflicting views of other his- documents are incorporated in the text.

torians. Makes considerable use of unpublished British documents, many of which are includedinthe 3662. Worcester, Donald E. Sea power and

documentary appendix. Chilean independence. Gainesville, 1962. 3656. Rojas, Ricardo. El santo de la espada. 87 p. (University of Florida monographs.

B.A., 1940. 526 p. illus. Social sciences 15).

The best-loved biography of San Martin, by aleading A very good short study—clearly organized and figure of twentieth-century Argentine letters. Ad- written—that is relevant to Peru as well as Chile. dressed to the general reader, slightly novelized, but Based on standard published sources. of interest to the scholar, also, for its interpretation. Translated to English as Knight of the Andes (N.Y.,

1945). 3. Economy

3657. Rumazo Gonzalez, Alfonso. Sucre, 3663. Alvarez F., Mercedes M. Comercio y

gran mariscal de Ayacucho. Madrid, comerciantes y sus proyecciones en la

1963. 429 p. bibl. independencia venezolana. Caracas,

Though he looms large in much of the literature on 1963. 171 p. illus., maps, bibl.

Bolivar, Sucre has not received a really adequate Well-documented discussion of the colonial merchant

336 INDEPENDENCE class in Venezuela and of commercial grievances in torico y social. Santiago de Chile, 1942. the background of independence. Takes issue with 368 p. illus., bibl.

° 4 _ * . 1] 1 -

"he divisions , pnecrbretations, 2s whe It mimimiZes_— A good study of the Chilean antislavery movement

oh Sandie 4 interest Or otherwise between Mer- — and of the adoption, during the independence period

chants and landowners. itself, first of the free-birth principle and then of com3664. Bagi, Sergio. El plan econdmico del _Plete e aanceated. bipkognoby Apoondix is a hock Are. 0 966 set NL 11827). Rosario, ground essay on nineteenth-century social evolution.

cional del Litoral. Facultad de Filosofia 3670. Fitte, presto. J. Historia de un em-

y Letras. Coleccién de textos y docu- aero BA 1962. oe Baring Brotners mentos, serie B. 2). en /D.., P. HIUS., DIDI.

A volume that is important not only for the study of pxcenently documented, remarkably onjective his-

Argentine economic policy but also for the light it Aire Or a Mg y Oar half th oan k deal y b Tater

throws on economic liberalism generally in Latin histo, Pf the | oa a din and de, wit or America, of which the “grupo rivadaviano” was a psrory of the loan, val ble In ceoudy ilk period, notable—though not in every respect a typical— eer SEeTVES as “hay Uadle Case vu yO ane

exponent. The greater part is a documentary collec- 4 'YPe OF transaction that numerous “aun merican tion consisting of laws and decrees, periodical articles, | 8°Vermments entered into during the 1820's.

legislative debates, etc., but Bagu provides a fairly r ,

long interpretative and introductory essay. 3671. Ramirez Necochea, Hernan. Antecedentes economicos de la independencia 3665. Bierck, Harold A., Jr. The struggle = de Chile. Santiago de Chile, 1959. 110 p.

for abolition in Gran Colombia. HAHR. bibl. v. 33, Aug. 1953: 365-386. A thoughtful and documented analysis, arguing that,

illus. i.

An excellent scholarly treatment of the adoption and — while independence was not wholly due to economic

. ’ . system.

administration of antislavery measures and in par- factors, it was “‘the only practicable solution” to a

ticular the 1821 free-birth law. basic contradiction between expansive forces of the

3666 Camprubi Alcazar. Carlos. El banco Chilean economy and the structure of the colonial

de la emancipacion. Lima, 1960. 120 p.

Thoroughly researched monograph on an institution 4. Religion

that opened in 1822, lasted under two years, and was . _

officially called Banco Auxiliar de Papel Moneda. 3672. Gallardo, Guillermo. La politica reDespite its narrow theme, the study naturally touches ligiosa de Rivadavia. B.A., 1962. 310 p. on a wider range of both economic and political topics. illus., bibl.

| . : An outstanding study, incorporating much original re-

3667. Capillas de Castellanos, Aurora. His- search. Surveys anticlerical reform measures adopted

illus. oo, ae

toria del Consulado de Comercio de at Buenos Aires in the 1820's, with due attention to Montevideo. RHCA ano 56, t. 32, no. _ intellectual influences, political ramifications, etc. 94°96, feb.. 1961: 1-381, and ao 58, a vcach, but within this framework. clearand straight-

t.. ’35, 103-105, dic., 1964: 1-412. 2 out wid : ’ ’ no. orward. Appendix of documents. Fully documented study that includes much informa- 3673. Junta de Historia Eclesiastica Argention on commerce and the economy generally in ad- tina. Homenaje a la revolucion de mayo. dition to the history of the Consulado itself, which ABA. t. 4, cuaderno I, enero—jul., 1960:

was established only in 1812. Covers the period from > wa) di 5 | 1795 (for efforts to establish it) to 1816. Each install- cuaderno 2, Jul dic. 1260. 827 P. ulus.

ment has large documentary appendix. two-part special number that includes articles,

notes, and documents on the role of the clergy in,

p as independence movement. e quality and signifi-

3668. Estévez, Alfredo, and Oscar Horacio ane the geclesiasticay ramiheations o the Weentite Elia. Aspectos economico financieros de cance of the contents vary, but on the whole it is an la campana sanmartiniana. B.A., 1961. important contribution. Certain of the articles are

257 p. bibl. bibliographical or discuss archival resources.

Concerned principally with financial policy and ex- , . pedients, to a lesser extent with other economic 3674. Vargas Ugarte, Ruben. El episcopado

matters. A general treatment of Argentina 1810-1820 en los tiempos de la emancipacion sudis followed by chapters on San Martin in Cuyo, Chile, americana. 2. ed. B.A., 1945. 447 p.

and Peru. Essentially descriptive and based only on 4 good introduction to the subject of the church and sources available in Buenos Aires, but a valuable independence, covering the whole period 1809-1830

SUrVey. and naturally touching on more than the episcopate. 7 . Lee Based on archival as well as published sources with a

3669. Feliu Cruz, Guillermo. La abolicion long documentary appendix. Where treatment overde la esclavitud en Chile. Estudio his- laps, however, the studies of Leturia are better.

SPANISH SOUTH AMERICA 337 5. Culture (Caracas, 1959). 3675. Basadre, Jorge. Historia de la idea de S68). Hildebrandt, Martha vo caeua a

‘“patria’’> en la emancipacion del Peru. 525 p bibl a , " MP. ano 29, no. 329, agosto, 1954: 644— An excellent and absorbing work of scholarship,

683. , which, in studying the word usage of Bolivar, makes A scholarly discussion of the beginnings of Peruvian an important contribution to the understanding of national consciousness that touches on both external cultural and intellectual trends and environment. and internal origins of the drive for independence. ; . . Sketchy at some points, but in general a perceptive 3681. La Plata. Universidad Nacional. Deanalysis. partamento de Letras. Algunos aspectos

3676. Belainde, Victor Andrés. Bolivar and _—_ de la cultura literaria de Mayo. La Plata,

the political thought of the Spanish 1961. 306 p. Uts Trabajos, comunicaAmerican revolution. Baltimore, 1938. ciones y conferencias 1). __

45] p. bibl. (The Albert Shaw lectures Collected papers on cultural, especially literary, asdiol ‘chi 1930. The- Walt pectspoetic of thecelebrations Argentine independence period (including on diplomatic history, he Waller of the first centennial).

Hines Page School of International Relations). 3682. Lastres, Juan B. La cultura peruana y

This broad synthesis and analysis of Spanish Ameri- la obra de los médicos en la emancipacan political thought and constitutional organization cion. Lima, 1954. 494 p. illus.

in the independence era is still the best general work Compilation of data on the medical profession, health

in its field. Emphasizes, but is by no means limited conditions, military medical organization, and the to, the role of Bolivar. “Appendixes” are illustrative physician-précer Hipélito Undnue. In some respects documents or brief supplementary notes on certain amateurish, but throws considerable light on a theme

chapters. that had not received much attention.

3677. Fyzaguirre, Jaime. Ideario y ruta de la 3683. Moses, Bernard. The intellectual backemancipacion chilena. Santiago de Chile, — ground of the revolution in South Amer-

1957. 165 p. bibl. ica 1810-1824. N.Y., 1926. 234 p. illus.,

An able, readable survey, principally dealing with the bibl. (Hispanic notes and monographs. ideological background of Chilean independence. Hispanic American series)

Emphasizes the role of “Spanish juridical-philosophi- Sh Pp b f the j ‘U Shi f

cal tradition’? and minimizes pre-1810 impact of 7 ort Amari y ire fe the Py Span; 4S thease

French ideas, but not excessively polemical. Thirteen- ‘40 America, all referring to Spanish South America

page bibliography. and dealing with both political and other intellectual currents during the independence period. Superficial 3678. Gomez Hoyos, Rafael. La revoluciOn in many respects, but useful as a quick introduction.

granadina a. aoe rear te una gene- 3684. Ramos, Demetrio. Formacion de las

oth 1969 ay OID! bit. ideas politicas quede operan en Aires el moviB0ta. & V. miento de mayo Buenos en A comprehensive ideological survey of New Granada 810 Pp 4 —abr.. 1964:

revolutionaries, with considerable emphasis on the 1810. REP. no. 134, marzo-abr., : contribution of Hispanic tradition and Francisco 139-218.

Suarez. The interpretation is at times debatable, but A _ skillful and heavily documented analysis, which this is nevertheless an important and trail-blazing sees the roots of the revolution as essentially Hiswork. Includes a useful review of the treatment of panic; stresses traditional concepts of the empire as a ideological “causes” of independence in Colombian ‘‘plurimonarquia” and doctrinal aspects of the Span-

historiography. ish resistance movement against Napoleon. The argu-

. - ment is presented in terms of Spanish America gen-

3679. Grases, P edro. La conspiracion de erally, although Argentina receives some special atGual y Espana y el ideario de la indepen- _ tention.

dencia Caracas, 1949. 300 p. illus., bibl.

(Instituto Panamericano de Geografia e 3685. Sosa, Jesualee. La escuela jancas: Historia. Comisién de Historia. Comité terlana. Ensayo historico-pedagogico de de Ori enes de la Emanci acion Publi. la escuela uruguaya durante la domina-

cacién 6) P " cion luso-brasilena (1817-1825), y en

Excellent analysis of revolutionary ideology (of the especial del metodo de Lancaster.

“rights of man” variety), taking the form of a compara- RHCA. ano 47, 2 cpoca, t. 20, nos. 58— tive study of texts emanating from the Conspiracy of 60, dic., 1953: 1-262. illus. Gual and Espafia (1797) and from the later Vene- For background, reviews the industrial revolution as zuelan independence movement. The study itself and seen by Marx; then offers a worthwhile contribution, some of the accompanying appendix documents were based on original research, concerning an educational

included in Derechos del hombre v del ciudadano| movement of Latin America—wide significance in

338 INDEPENDENCE this period. Includes documentary appendix. hard to use for quick reference. The indexes to earlier

volumes provided a list of actas; later volumes added a

6. Gran Colombia proper-name index.

a. Sources : 368 The h _ in me years 1822 and 823. by raguayra 3692. Duane, William. A visit to Colombia

686. Biggs, James. e history of Don and Caracas, over the cordillera to Bo-

Francisco de Miranda’s attempt to effect gota, and thence by the Magdalena to a revolution in South America, in a series Cartagena. Philadelphia, 1826. 632 p.

of letters. Boston, 1808. 300 p. illus.

An important narrative of Miranda’s abortive 1806 Geographic, social, economic, and political descrip-

expedition to Venezuela, byHistoria a Northdel American volunyon: by aonmitant gemocrat who.Detaile visited teer. Available in Spanish as intento de ran Colombia behalfpace of U.S. claimants. don Francisco de Miranda para efectuar una revolu- and useful.

6 Sur América ...(Caracas, 1950).H.: La Fayette clon enous 3693. Ducoudray-Holstein, 3687. Cochrane, Charles Stuart. Journal of a Villaume. Memoirs of Sim6n Bolivar,

residence and travels in Colombia, dur- president liberator of the Republic of ing the years 1823 and 1824. London, Colombia; and of his principal generals;

Awide-ranging 1829. 2V. ulus. wee , _ interesting secret history of the revolution, and the and very account, by an ;

author personally engaged in numerous projects for events which preceded it, from 1807 to economic development. Almost all of the book relates the present time. Boston, 1829. 64,

to New Granada._ By383 p. a former Napoleonic officer who served with the

3638. . Correo del Orinoco, 1818-1821. patriots in New Granada and Venezuela and ulti- acsimile Paris, 1939. 522 p. of * the officialorgan mth of mately left inmuch highfavored disgruntlement. often vitriolic reproduction the official the source, by Bolivar’sAn calumniators, but

tends toGaceta March, 1822. . 6 v. ; 3694. de Caracas. Paris, 1939. patriot regime established at Angostura. Actually ex- useful if handled with care.

3689. Cortazar, Roberto, comp. Cartas y Facsimile reproduction of the official gazette of Venemensajes del general Francisco de Paula zuela, spanning the years 1808-1818 and thus taking Santander. Bogota, 1953-1956. 10 v. in prerevolutionary, revolutionary, and counterrevolu-

‘lus tionary theretoare gaps. A 1US, , . . moreperiods. completeUnfortunately, reproduction of issues mid-1812,

A mine of information on riod 4 Subiects extending with a good “thematic index” lacking in the previous peyond the independence pero ° the later ‘ina than edition and with the spelling Gazeta used in the title, panvan er. S ann ers ores are ess interesting ‘hiat appeared as v. 21-22 of the Biblioteca de la Academia

Olivar S, ne e TDrese of Gr a lo, aeune fe el Nacional de la Historia. The latter collection also peculive to the vat ticularl ‘lu: ble Un oe on fel, contains, in other volumes, reproductions of other no subject ind is particularly valuable. Untortunately, Venezuelan newspapers of the period.

3690. Cortazar, Roberto, comp. Corres- 30 wrosselman.; a eer ne a pondencia dirigidaBogota, al general Francisco St, Te164.+1829-1 33Map. > 1 an de Paula Santander. 1964-. (6 v. traisund, V. Wlus.,

through 1965) illus. ; ;

. Personal observations of coastal and central New

Granada, with some more general information on Includes letters addressed to Santander personally and Gran Colombia as a whole. Especially useful on correspondence addressed to him as chief of state that ining developments. Also available in the original meets certain criteria. Alphabetically arranged by cwedish. senders. These volumes reach Lefranc. Together with

the preceding item, this greatly supplements, and will 3696. Hamilton, John P. Travels through the

oa large extent supersede; the older and highly de- "interior provinces of Colombia. London, 1827.2 v.in 1. illus., map. 3691. Cortazar, Roberto, and Luis Augusto Detailed and often penetrating observations of people, Cuervo, comps. Congreso de Libro de _ Places, and events. The author came to Bogota on two . ae issions for the British government in 1824 and 1825; 2? also saw some Other parts of New Granada.

Actas. [Exact title varies.] Bogota, 1921- 2y8S!08 3

1952. 7 v. (Academia Colombiana de P ;

Historia. Biblioteca de historia nacional, 3697. Heredia y Mieses, Jose F. Memorias

34-35, 37, 46, 65, 78, 85). sobre las revoluciones de Venezuela.

Minutes of the congresses of Gran Colombia from the Paris, 1895. xlix, 304 p. Congress of Angostura through the sessions of 1825. An account covering the period 1810-1815, by a

An invaluable source for all aspects of the history of | royalist official who had harsh words for both sides. the period, in particular for internal affairs, though The documentary appendix is lacking from the edition

SPANISH SOUTH AMERICA 339 that emp ias regente Heredia ‘‘Eduardo (Ma- (Academia Santos” Colombiana 20). de Historia. nd,aten.d. 1).delBiblioteca 3698. Martinez Delgado, Luis, and Sergio An introduction on Narifo as a publicist and political Elias Ortiz, eds. El periodismo en la figure precedes reprints of all issues of La Bagatela, Nueva 1810-1811. Bogotaa which his mouthpiece in 1811 1812. Also ue .Granada. ’ , . 80la, presents few served otheras“escritos periodisticos” of

1960. xxxix, 538 p., illus. (Academia _ Narifio.

eae ee one Biblioteca 3795, Revenga, José R. La hacienda publica Reprints three Bogota periodicals of 1810-1811. The de Venezuela en 1828—1830. Mision de most important is the Diario Politico de Santafé de J ose Rafael Revenga como ministro de Bogotd, of which Francisco José de Caldas was co- hacienda. Caracas, 1953. xxxi, 401 p. director. Valuable source material, with introductory A wealth of documentation on economic matters and

esSay. especially public finance. Refers to a rather brief peri. , od, but contains useful information on other aspects of

3699. Mollien, Gaspar d Theodor e. Voyage the history of Gran Colombia in its declining years. dans la république de Colombia, en 1823. Well indexed.

Paris, 1824. 2 v. illus., map. . ,

The lively report of a French observer on all kinds of 3706. Roscio, Juan German. Obras. Caracas, topics: political, financial, social, etc. Deals with New 195 3. 3 v. illus. (Secr etaria Gener al de la

Granada only. Also available in an English version, Décima Conferencia Interamericana. Travels in the republic of Colombia in the years 1822 Publicaciones. Colecci6én historia 7—9).

and 1823(London, 1824). Writings of a significant civilian statesman and ideo3700. Paez, José A. Autobiografia. N.Y logue of the Venezuelan revolution who died in 1821 1946.-2V.1 ? ; illus. (Bibliot ] , de as provisional vice-president of Gran Colombia. V. 1 US. ; 1. 10 eca veneZzo. anade contains a lengthy prologue by Augusto Mijares and cultura. Coleccion “Andrés Bello’’). Roscio’s El triunfo de la libertad sobre et despotismo A basic source though not invariably reliable. The (1. ed., Philadelphia, 1817). V. 2 and 3 include minor first volume covers the wars of independence and political writings and official and private corresponGran Colombia through 1829. In this edition Paez’s dence.

own text (but not, e.g., the prologue by José Marti) is F .

1869). sejo de Desarrollo Cientifico y Humanistico. Materiales para el estudio de la cues-

a facsimile reproduction of the original edition (N.Y., 3707. Venezuela. Universidad Central. Con ”

3701. Posada, Eduardo, ed. La patria boba. tin agraria en Venezuela 1800-1830. Bogota, 1902. 476 p. (Academia Colom- Caracas, 1964. clxiv, 629 p. biana de Historia. Biblioteca de historia Ap exceptionally valuable compilation of documents,

nacional 1). some previously inedited, from both royalist and pa-

Contains three chronicles: one colonial, one aroyalist triot sources. “Agrarian question’ is interpreted attack on the independence movement in verse, and _ broadly to include landholding, condition of agricul(most important) the diary of José Maria Caballero,an ture, slavery, etc. Preceded by a good “preliminary ingenuous Narifo supporter who recorded the “‘pe- study” by German Carrera Damas, “‘Sobre el signifiquena historia” of the Patria Boba in New Granada. cado socio-econédmico de la accién histdrica de Caballero’s work is available in a later edition as Boves” (which has its own bibl.). The latter is princiParticularidades de Santafé (Bogota, 1946). pally an analysis of the impact of the pillage and exac-

3702. Posada, Eduardo, and Pedro M. Yencepened | oO” Doth sides in the early indepen-

Ibanez, comps. El precursor. Bogota, . . 1903. xxxii, 653 p., illus. (Academia Co- 3798. owe”? Richard | veugevile._ “am lombiana de Historia. Biblioteca de his- P@U8MS and Cruises, in Venezuela an ; nacional : New toria 2). Granada, and in the Pacific Ocean;

Still the largest source collection for the study of from 1817 to 183 0... Also, tales of VeneAntonio Narifio, covering his entire career from youth Zuela, illustrative of revolutionary men, to death. Includes materials written by or relating to manners, and incidents. London, 1831.

phlet writings. oon .

Narino, but not, generally, his journalistic and pam- 3V Published aronymously but generally attributed to 3703. The Present state of Colombia. Lon- Yowell, this is one of the most frequently cited of the

don.”,1827. 336 p. mapof accounts leftexperiences, by British volunteers. 1 is a lively ° " . narrative his own from theV.Venezuelan

Revolutionary history and topically organized cur- llanos to Chile. V. 2-3, the Tales of Venezuela, give rent description, “By An Officer, late in the Colom- fictionalized treat t to real t bian Service.’ Especially informative on problems of halizee reatment t0 real events. trade and production.

- b. Secondar r

3704. Restrepo Canal, Carlos, ed. Narino Secondary Works

periodista. Bogota, 1960. 515 p. illus. 3709. Andrade, Roberto. Historia del Ecua-

340

: ° ua °

dor. G

pespite the,dU ih aahelo : period : arily hi _/7V. sentiall , to which istory ooF.inte regular devoted. bere the indepen: a7. ,Diaz apparatus, | interpr a.»Diaz. B 4O INDEPENDENCE o. L ndrade for _ y Strongly apparatu ralvein are es- spanol Oswald

10.. ocum chola e :

rstoftime Ss of ee the taleetrial in overage. Han bibl ed ado. se ished ththe © pro. istoria. H OF cademi aoe ;bliets of seainest tpart ., eers180 trial : Orla. ademia Vv..2v.il Ipealus. wo | tov. 1). hem in v. 2 (in offect ade Junta, ‘and S 6 ‘ Historia tensa de C lana de

Ny Rarla f entary thependenc farede account ofi aeglected relati iaz.Baralt, R afael Mari elatively n olombia esum 19), 18 reflecti struggle

. . ; _ events of terrai esearch -

zuel Rafael Maria, and Ramé¢ 1819), reflectin relatively neglected segm ue desde ei ane a iustona de Vene. tary ev Inspection of terraite Th OF naa 81s

First Brujas, 1 é 1797 ene parti and S . ain. The 1 as well

counterpart to. in iets th 2 v. illus. hasta el fre deRon 37aareand Spanish erste henge cs "paciiestion" mea is on mili

rkring coveri ritative ONY: tis either nei elanion, e€ elli ’ erthei L T. . : V th ive, but is sti a 4s Venezuela ne Sei i ppondonce mace move poneral nada;in~24 oo" the " viceroy: Nuev crisis a rany from C inary skirmi R eva Grasignificant olombia irmishes mentin A . .v. 40 enhan . Notes b to the diss carefull ; Feb., 19 3711 Bi ce the value y Vicente L olu- search y document ° 60: don Pe oy Mar old A., Jr. Vid on light on ’ 809, Guito revolt x rased on original retr. Caracas, | iva Leopol d aptiblicade P°" precedir tutte revere. Ty oranada of the

Ww e es rt

. . r1o Ly Jua zolana d acional. Bi .ne (Minister ‘ . Gonzale , e de Educacién Na 599 p. bibl. Dandaeta 3717. G ing the outbreak the viceroyaltyy in th

. . of i eneBol;renélix iografi study th André 18 ,Ri primer teni ge-

velatio s varticularly ezuelan statesm Bil Ita a owierte). y 1814 (epoca de de

bia). Exe (e.g., as oY vauuan’e for his w Pedro Gual An iblioteca A . Madrid, 191891. de la after 1830, Based epilogu Secretary of Oran foreign 2 coaintie he oan of 24) ?]. 302 p

a te reer om ativ oaVv ry liter-

though - ased onc e,t e€ book oO ran Colom- and B antic histor € of ninete :

° nd Co- ral | the seco an

3712 ae ccess TO Vatensive research, also in seve ornicer of the achieved slory and patio

quitefia 180 Manuel M O 3718 Gr ater editions. nd republic. ree iran An iconoclasti . La revolu iG siasti Joseanuel. M viously |i astic9-1812. stud Quito, 196 cion sticaoot, y Civi Histor;

" but betr was ch at th - A ianos 5 1otec . BO-

ole” ae independence was ¢ to arsue that 2 on ate. colombi 53. 5 V (Bibliot Granada Bo.

serious co ayed by ari ampionedybthe e moverather sprightly sori s 57-61) ani de .aut tio ntributi ristocrati “ with ores

. . . W ° a e -.O.Z«

rrero’sdespite reviSieecperated erned wi interpr D igious affai ral histor cited An appendix Makes " with tions special ias. attention to religious a general

. ° in ratu ainta . al rec

Sted. °hyushnell Borrero sevens inerprete- pamphlet afar anda stron . mic erated 1n- pamphlet lite ughHiterat acqu0 .religgus oth person strong

gime in Gra David. The S dependence p erio a 3-5 in this with Monodical

1954. 381 D. Colombia antaneer re. 3719. Li : edition refer to the

Astudy Delaware map, bibl.ser1 (U vark, Del.franieeane Aguirre, Indaleci of themo “ nograph niversity d es conflict

with greatest smphonic 6 anaes 5). Orv _ nuestra histor; sociales y mconG Los 1819 Fast efter Pee ion The perk soliti Colombia foilow the strus with toria. Bogota [ | 867], 4 v.

chief er Boyaca . e period CS, financ , ing the : uggle ess . und of in a Vv. raaterials areal in | go. pantancer’ orince is from of a4;vlagh of pe je essentially throughin1816, inter and periodical p; sed largel ementas the fo eople vs. oli nsions , interpret-

3714. Caycedo, B pamphiet literature. n archival fon te suggestiv U ndocumented, Narifio is che terms

226 os victorias. rand sy it stirred cally significan someA Shorty Oras. Bovoté. 19: y 3720. Monsal icant if only

work 1 a, 195 . ve A

re -pasis eee aene aumero SI.details. vicencio * tor D. Antonio Vi the Datin onof Narifio research. concernin on Th(el la indepen rotomartin y lade ev Villaclusi oba. S = federalist om mente the civi us., 19” m bibl. lencia. B , olucid clusions appear favors cralist in nacional (Biblievecs son significant cil of oe stacy of a creol historia . ined: butStrongly a si arifio. Somnecontribuin Detailed 19, 79) ioteca de1920 " Vv. ibu- patriot intin who played € commissione in thede ide Ne an im r of the C Spanish w Granada a portant part ounreconque nd attain the ell research rtyrdom st. Wel ed maon

ed, not nar-

SPANISH SOUTH AMERICA 34] rowly biographic; still one of the best available ac- around Santiago Marifio, foremost liberator of eastern counts of the Patria Boba period. Numerous docu- Venezuela and for a while a serious rival of Bolivar.

ments in text and appendixes. Often concerned more with the times than the man.

, 7 Sources indicated in the body of the text, if at all, but

3721. . Navarro, José G. La revolucion , de based on extensive research, e.g., making good use of Quito del 10 de agosto de 1809. Quito, British official correspondence from Trinidad. Goes 1962. 532 p. (Instituto Panamericano de _ to beginning of 1830.

Tracce the: Ecuadoran independeace movement 3727. Parra-Pérez, Caracciolo. La monarthrough 1812, with references to even later repercus- quia en la Gran Colombia. Madrid, 1957. sions. The quality of scholarship and writing is only XXVI, 688 p. illus., bibl. fair, but the work is based on diligent research in A massive study of monarchist ideas and proposals

Spanish archives and throws new light on some events. from 1824 to the end of Gran Colombia. Makes con-

. . ; , . siderable use of foreign archives but tries to focus on

3722. Ortiz, Sergio Khas. Genesis de la __ internal factors. Interpretation is generally well balrevolucion del 20 de julio de 1810. Bo- anced. Unfortunately, no footnoting.

gota, 1960. 243 p. illus. (Academia Co- 3728, Ponce Ribadeneira, Alfredo. Quito lombiana de Historia. Biblioteca *“*Eduar- 1809-1812, segtiin los documentos del

do Santos” 19). | | Archivo Nacional de Madrid. Madrid,

Brief work of synthesis, useful as an introduction on 1960. 299 p. bibl the short-range antecedents and the events them- Brief narratives based heavily on materials in the selves of the July, 1810, revolution in Bogota. Archivo Historico Nacional in Madrid, followed by a 3723. Ots Capdequi, José M. The impact of group of documents taking up over half the volume. the wars of independence on the institu- ‘This work and v. 2 of Andrade’s general history pro-

tiional 1 liflef oO the€NcwKined f vide the1809 onlyand published documentary on Ingdom oO the 1810 Quito juntas other collections than those found Granada. TA. v. 17, Oct., 1960: 111- scattered through historical journals.

198. . . . 3729. Restrepo, José M. Historia de la

An authoritative monograph the adminlucién de istration of royalist-held areasdealing of Newwith Granada, to revolucion delalaRepublica Republica de de Colombj Colombia

1819. Chiefly political, but fiscal and commercial mat- en la America meridional. Bogota, 1942-

ters are touched on. This is complementary to the 1950. 8 v. (Biblioteca popular de cultura following item and is quite similar in sources and ap- colombiana).

proacn. A classic work—dry, factual, authoritative—by an

3724. Ots Capdequi, José M. Las institu- author who was active in different stages of the revoluciones del Nuevo Reino de Granada al {ion and served as Sceretary of the Interior of Gran tiempo de la independencia. Madrid, ten from the viewpoint of New Granada but with good

1958. 396 p. information on Venezuela and Ecuador. The period

Does not pretend to be an analytical study but rather covered is from preindependence background to 1831, an inventory or summary of relevant documentation with a supplementary chapter to 1839. Most volumes

contained in Colombia’s Archivo Nacional. Even so, have an appendix of explanatory notes and select this isa highly valvable source, chiefly on political and supporting documents. other institutions on the eve of independence and on ; . . the reflection in New Granada of Spanish develop- 3730. Rodriguez Villa, Antonio. El teniente

ments from the Napoleonic invasion through the general don Pablo Morillo primer conde

Ho oan ey Does not deal with de Cartagena, marqués de La Puerta

pone BY : a (1778-1837). Madrid, 1908-1910. 4 v.

3725. Parra-Perez, Caracciolo. Historia de illus., map.

la primera republica de Venezuela. 2. ed. Standard biography of the man who was Spain’s foreCaracas. 1959.2 Vv map (Biblioteca de ]q most commander in northern South America, 1815f Oe . _ 1820. Slightly over half of the one volume of narrative Academia Nacional de la Historia, 19 and the bulk of the supporting documents that fill out

20). the other three deal with his American service. The ment, together with pre-1810 antecedents. More fully . . documented than the following Parra-Pérez items. 3731. Salvador Lara, Jorge. La patria heroiA comprehensive narrative and standard reference on narrative portion was subsequently reprinted (Madrid, the first stage of the Venezuelan independence move- 1920).

This edition contains minor revisions and additions to ca (ensayos criticos sobre la indepen-

the original (1939) edition. dencia). Quito, 1961. 246 p.

3726. Parra-Pérez, Caracciolo. Marifio y la assorted items by aa professor of the Universidad

nd dencia de Madrid Ecuador, concerned withfor the indepen > Venezuela. Quito revolt of atolica 1809.del They treatmainly causes, sources 1954-1956. 4 v. illus., map. research, and various aspects of the movement itself.

A well-written though discursive study centering A persistent theme is defense of Bishop José Cuero

342 INDEPENDENCE y Caicedo and other proceres against the revisionist Sanginés and Ratl A. Garcia, comps.

efforts of Borrero. La Paz, 1953-1954. 4 v. bibl. (Alcaldia 3732. Torre Reyes, Carlos de la. La Revolu- Municipal. Biblioteca pacefia). cion de Quito del 10 de agosto de 1809, A miscellaneous but valuable compilation on the abor-

* tot * ant we tive La Paz revolution of July 1809. V. 1 is a history of

sus _vicisitudes ; su significacion en el the movement by Manuel M. Pinto H. followed by a proceso general de la emancipacion documentary appendix: other volumes include docuhispanoamericana. Quito, 1961 [1i.e., ments, memoirs, and later writings on the subject.

1962]. 721 p. bibl. , . 3738. Gaceta de Gobierno de Lima Indeof antecedents and of the aftermath, including the 848 p. illus. . The best general narrative and analysis ofalso the pen first1en dient La Pl Ecuadoran revolt, with fairly extensive coverage e. a ata, Tg.,A- 1950 XCHL,-

second patriot regime of 1810-1812. Well but not ex- Facsimile reproduction of a Peruvian official gazette. haustively researched; largely traditional interpreta- from no. | July 16, 1821) through December, 1822,

tion. with lengthy on activities of San Martin in ; . pos Peruprologue as reflected in the Gaceta.

3733. Urrutia, Francisco J. Politica interna- ee ; cional de la Gran Colombia. Bogoté, 3739. Gaceta del Gobierno del Peru.

1941. 204 p. Periodo de gobierno de Simon Bolivar.

Written by a well-known diplomat and historian, this Caracas, 1967. 3 v.

work is based on long familiarity with the Colombian Facsimile edition, covering the period Jan., 1823sources. Only published documents, however, are May, 1826. Contains extensive historical and biblio-

specifically cited. [C.C.G.] graphical introductory material in v. | and index to

ee . . Pietri, the entire setHistoria in v. 3. de la re- ; ; 3734. Uslar Juan. belién popular de 1814, contribucién al 3740. Garcia Camba, Andrés. Memorias del

estudio de la historia de Venezuela. 2. ed. general Garcia Camba para la historia

Caracas, 1962. 225 p. bibl. de las armas espanolas en el Pert 1809-

Narrative and interpretation of the early Venezuelan 1825. Madrid, [1916]. 2 v. (Biblioteca independence period, concentrating on the destructive Ayacucho 6-7). outburst led by José Tomas Boves et al which 3s de- Not all a firsthand account, but one of the best sources scribed as more truly “democratic and leveling” than Gn the struggle in Peru and Upper Peru from the royalroyalist. Well written, based on considerable research; 5.4 viewpoint. Covers the period 1809-1821 in v. 1

appendix of documents from British and French ar- ang 1822-1825 in v. 2 (which has a documentary

chives; sometimes exaggerates. appendix on those same years).

democratico. estudios sobre las bases Actas de los congresos del Perti desde sociol6gicas de la constitucion efectiva el afio de 1822. Lima, 1928-1929. 4 v.

de Venezuela. 4. ed. Caracas, 1961. 238 v.11 and 3 contain actas of Peruvian congresses for

Dp. 1822-1825. V. 3 and 4 the same for 1827-1828, and These essays, which first appeared in book form in _ brief “syntheses” of secret sessions of 1822-1825 in 1919, deal predominantly, though not exclusively, — v. 4.

with the independence period and represent a pioneer- .

ing effort to interpret it in “sociological” terms. Signifi- 3742. Lecuna, Vicente, ed. Documentos cant for the historiography of independence, as well as referentes a la creacion de Bolivia. Carafor Latin American political thought as an apology for cas, 1924. 2 v. illus., bibl.

fias 3). ,

strong personal rule. Documents from the Archivo del Libertador in Cara-

3736. Vejarano, Jorge R. Narino. Su vida, cas and from other sources, relating to the final liberasus infortunios, su talla histérica. 2. ed. tion of Upper Peru and to Bolivian events through the

Bogota, 5 1945. (Biblidiscussion government Sucre (i.e., 1824-1828). Preceded by a . p.404 01 bibl. . 1 1oteca of of “‘the wars of Bolivar’ by Lecuna, which

popular de cultura colombiana. Biogra- js not limited to Bolivian liberation.

Narifio lacks a truly scholarly full-length biography, 3743. Miller, John. Memoirs of Gener al but this study provides a readable and generally ade- Miller in the service of the Republic of quate introduction—despite its discredited interpre- Peru. 2. ed. London, 1829. 2 v. in 1.

tation of the reasons for his arrest in 1794. illus., maps. _. A fundamental source. Though it also includes some 7. Peru and Bolivia general history of Spanish American independence,

its principal importance is as a record of the personal

a. Sources observations and experiences (especially in Peru) of . . Gen. William Miller, the collaborator of both San

3737. Documentos para la historia de la Martin and Bolivar. These are set down by his brother Revolucion de 1809. Carlos Ponce on the basis of Miller’s ‘private letters, journals, and

SPANISH SOUTH AMERICA 343 recollections.” cion, prdlogo y notas de Gunnar Men-

3744. Pezuela y Sanchez Munoz de Velasco, doza L. Sucre, 1952 [1.e., 1953]. 320 p. Joaquin de la. Memoria de gobierno. Edi- (Biblioteca “Universidad de San Fran-

cién y prologo de Vicente Rodriguez cisco Xavier.” Serie historiografica 1).

. . . : ing i pper Peru by an author whose

Casado y Guillermo Lohmann Villena. ou ted fighting in Gone Poe account of patriot Sevilla, 1947. xlvi, 912 p. illus. (Publica- last name only is known. The prologue and notes are

ciones de la Escuela de Estudios His- _ excellent. pano-Americanos de Sevilla 26. Serie 32: Memorias, relaciones y viajes 3).

A diary, rather than a conventional “memoria de b. Secondary Works

gobierno,” written by Abascal’s successor as Viceroy , . ,

of Peru (1816-1821). Extremely detailed, incorporat- 3750. Alayza Paz Soldan, Luis. Unanue, ing among other things much military and financial gedgrafo, médico y estadista. Lima, 1954.

statistical data. 235p 3745. Porras Barrenechea, Raul, ed. La Topical organize? my of a Key eae and

visita del leg political figure in the Peruvian independence period, Manuel Pardot 18 ue San Garlos Sa don Hipolito Unanue. It is the outgrowth of the author’s

t. 17, 1948: —308. . -

y Su Clausura [ong research and writing on Unanue, and is equipped

de Sree oe ey Pezuela(1817). RHL. with documentary ‘“‘anexos.”

Parts of an expediente that resulted from an inspection 3731. Arguedas, Alcides . La fundacion de of the famous institute directed by Toribio Rodriguez la republica. His Obras completas. Mede Mendoza, ordered with a view to checking revolu- xico, 1959. v. 2: 25-232. uPthe period. Valuable data forwho intellectual history Strongly negative interpretation, often unreliable, an author scorned fact-grubbing research but wasby

. - , . a significant literary-intellectual figure; one of the few

370. RIV antes par Jose ae la.deees Y accounts covering the entire in Bolivian S para la historia la indeperiod. Originally published 1920, asindependence a first installpendencia del Peri, y causas del mal ment of Arguedas’s multivolume Historia de Bolivia.

éxito que ha tenido és 5 PP q ta obra postuma de 375). Arnade, Charles W. The emergence of . Pruvonena [pseud.] Paris, 1858. 2 v. the Republic of Bolivia. Gai T

A work that extends beyond the independence period P ~ ° OllVia. AINesvViINe,

proper and is important less for its factual information 1957. 269 p. illus., maps, bibl.

than as an extreme expression of a particular view- An excellent brief survey of Bolivian independence, point: bitter and xenophobic, strongly hostile to both from late colonial background to the organization of a Bolivar and San Martin. V. 2 consists of documents S¢Parate nation in 1825. Largely political and military

and other “‘piezas justificativas.”’ in ous: Du based on extensive original research in ; ; oth archival and published sources. The bibliography, 3747. Temple, Edmond. Travels IN various — though unannotated except for an introductory essay parts of Peru, including a year’s reSi- on libraries and archives, is the fullest available on this

illus., map. . dence in Potosi. London, 1830. 2 v. ‘PI in Paraguay following year. an

maps, bibl. based on original research; still useful. , Two appen-

reailed pnarrative naval Each activities from deal with the personal background and role of through the war withofBrazil. volume has1810 an ap-dixes _ Francia.

pendix of ‘“‘notas complementarias e ilustrativas,”’ . . . .

which contain much documentary material. A stand- 3803. Gianello, Leoncio. Historia del Conard reference work. greso de Tucuman. B.A., 1966. 576 p.

348 INDEPENDENCE illus., bibl. (Academia Nacional de la field of Argentine historiography deals essentially

. . i istory from an impassioned liberal viewpoint;

Historia. Biblioteca de historia argen- litical hintaee hoses ieee tO dtikeal vance, A un ay americana 14). onal scornful of rigorous scholarly methods and often unctailed fustory of the Argentine national congress, —_ rejjable, but it combines literary interest and occasional

from 1816 to its dissolution in 1820 at Buenos Aires. historical insights

Moderate in interpretation; an excellent factual refer- , ence. 3810. Marfany, Roberto H. El Cabildo de

3804. Ariosto D. Las primeras A Mayo. B.A.» | 16research, p. illus. h s .Gonzalez, . 2 ailed analysis, the outgrowth of196. long formulas constitucionales en los paises dealing with the composition and deliberations of the del Plata, 1810-1814. Nueva ed. Monte- May 22, 1810, cabildo abierto that voted to depose

video, 1962. 379 p. illus. the viceroy. Marfany may exaggerate the contribution

An excellent survey of early attempts at constitutional of orthodox Catholic teachings to the end result, but organization, including a discussion of ideological in general this is an excellent short monograph.

antecedents. Pays principal attention to the Assembly : , . .

of 1813 and Uruguayan relationship thereto. 3811. Mitre, Bartolome. Historia de B el3805. Gonzalez, Julio V. Filiacion historica (His Obras completas 6-9). B.A., 1940-

; ; oe grano y de la independencia argentina.

del gobierno representativo argentino. 1941. 4 v. illus., maps. B.A., 1937-1938. 2 V. lus. Not quite as famous as Mitre’s study of San Martin,

Mainly legal-institutional history, from the Spanish but generally comparable, covering the independence revolutionary antecedents (which Gonzalez considers movement in the Plata area and Argentine internal of critical importance) through the reforms of the 1813 affairs to 1821. Each volume has a section of supportassembly. Covers much familiar ground but does so ing documents. Various writings by Mitre elaborating

in clear and generally scholarly fashion and stresses on (and defending) the Historia de Belgrano are in(even overstresses) influences and relationships that cluded in Comprobaciones histéricas. His Obras

are sometimes neglected. completas 10.(B.A., 1942).

3806. Groussac, Paul. Santiago de Liniers, 3812. Moreno, Fulgencio R. Estudio sobre

conde de Buenos Aires, 1753-1810. la independencia del Paraguay. AsunB.A., 1942. 446 p. illus., map, bibl. cién, 1911. 256 p.

A study of the hero of resistance against the British A general account from colonial background (emand subsequent viceroy who was executed as acoun- phasizing difference between Paraguay and Argenterrevolutionary in 1810. Greatest emphasis is onthe tina) to May, 1811. Seeks to minimize the role of

time of the British invasions (including appendix with — Francia. Well researched; formal documentation a bit

further discussion of specific points). A classic of sketchy, but documentary appendix included. DesArgentine biographical literature (1. ed. in book form _ ignated “Tomo I,” but no sequel appeared. 1907). Despite some weaknesses, well researched

though not fully documented. 3813. Palcos, Alberto. Rivadavia, ejyecutor 3807. Levene, Ricardo. La anarquia de 1820 del pensamiento de Mayo. La Plata,

y la iniciacidn de la vida publica de Arg., 1960. 2 v. illus., bibl. (Biblioteca Rosas. 2. ed. B.A., 1954. 330 p. illus., _ de humanidades 33). _ oo

maps laudatory, study, PS. Somewhat or , but quite readableand andinferior a worktotoPiccirilli’s be taken into ac-

Scholarly, objective analysis of the events of the count. Text is scantily documented but based on exterrible year 20” and the subsequent activities of tensive research: the appendix provides notes on

Juan Manuel de Rosas, through 1826 and his break sources with Rivadavia. Extensive documentary appendix. ;

. eer 3814. Pereda, Setembrino E. La indepen-

3808. Levene, Ricardo. Ensayo historico dencia de la Banda Oriental. AUM. ano

sobre la Revolucion; de y Mariano ooano ~ 46, 44, Mayo no. 140, 1936: 3-788, and Moreno. 4. ed. B.A., 1960. 3 v. illus., no. 142. 1938: 365—540

maps. ; a Unsophisticated but massive study of the movement

A standard work covering the origins and early stage that began in 1825 and finally led to an independent of the independence movement in Argentina. The Uryguayan state. Some topical chapters are followed

interpretation is generally traditional, liberal, and by a military narrative through 1825. Scanty foot-

favorable to Moreno. First appeared in 1920, butcon- — joting, but numerous documents are incorporated in

siderably revised and expanded since then. V. 3 con- the text. sists entirely of documents.

3809. Lopez, Vicente F. Historia de la Re- olemp ee Be eco y su

pu blica Argentina: su origen, su revolu- A work of high scholarly standards, notable for the cion y su desarrollo politico hasta 1852. quality as well as sheer quantity of the research on

B.A., 1883-1893. 10 v. maps. which it is based. Distinctly favorable to Rivadavia;

Despite the title, this work by Mitre’s archrival inthe covers his entire career but offers the most detailed

SPANISH SOUTH AMERICA 349 treatment on the 1820’s. Each volume has a docu- congress of 1824-1827.

mentary appendix. 3822. Ruiz Guifiazi, Enrique. Epifania de

3816. Pivel Devoto, Juan E. El Congreso la libertad: documentos secretos de la

cisplatino (1821). Repertorio documental Revolucién de Mayo. B.A., 1952. 407 p.

seleccionado y precedido de un ana- illus.

lisis. Montevideo, 1937. 318 p. illus. A study of the origins and early course of the revolu-

A good short study followed by documents, concern- tion based on wide research. Among other things, ing the circumstances of Uruguay’s ostensibly volun- _ provides an able refutation of the ideological influence

tary adherence to the Portuguese liberal monarchy. Claimed for Francisco Suarez; dwells at great length

Also appeared in ,RIHGU, t. 12, 1936:and 111-424. on ure revolutionary plan of operations attributed to Moreno; produces some new evidence to de3817. Pueyrredon, Carlos A. 1810. La Re- fend its authenticity (against Levene). Good docuvolucion de Mayo segun ampliadocumen- mentary appendix.

tacion de la época. B.A., 1953. 670 Pp. 3823. Ruiz Guifiazi, Enrique. El presidente

illus. , Saavedra y el pueblo soberano de 1810.

Detailed history of the May Revolution and its ante- B.A.. 1960. 658 p. illus.. ma

cedents from 1806, with a wealth of documents (in- M “et lich ly di Pp. ud Pi beginni

cluding some significant items previously unpub- f the At ightly depend study of the ee hietiy shed in text and appendix. Covers period to De- Of THE Argentine independence movement ‘chit cember, 1810; generally traditional in interpretation. mo derate Cornelio Saave dra, head o f the first patriot

3818. Puiggrés, Rodolfo. Los caudillos de Junta. Sizeable appendix of supporting documents.

la Revolucion de Mayo (del plan de 3824. Saenz Valiente, José M. Bajo la camMoreno al tratado del Pilar). B.A., 1942. pana del cabildo. Organizacién y fun-

253 p. . oe cionamiento del cabildo de Buenos Aires

An able example of Marxist analysis, taking the Ar- desptes de la Revolucién de Mayo gentine 1820. Interpreta(1810-1821). 1952. ll tion is independence naturally in movement terms of to class interests and rival- ahsB.A.. rf key ° p.492 Wlus.

ries of commercial bourgeoisie, great landowners, 4 Comprehensive, well-documented, and authoritative “masses,” and so forth: the hero is Mariano Moreno, institutional study, covering the cabildo to its suppetit-bourgeois leader of a “democratic” revolution Pression in 1821; with a final short chapter on the

that aborted. suppression of cabildos in interior cities.

3819. Ramos, Demetrio. Alzaga, Liniers y 3825. Salterain Herrera, Eduardo de. La-

Elio en el motin de Buenos Aires del valleja, la redencién patria. Montevideo,

primero de enero de 1809. AEA. t. 21, 1957. 630 p. ae 1964: 489-580 Clear, well-documented, and patriotic biography of ° °researched, ‘cl Juan A. Lavalleja, ofwhoUruguay’s “immortal Thoroughly monograph-length article. leader thirty-three” launched the drive to throw off It focuses on the much-debated 1809 coup attempt of — Brazilian rule in 1825. About one-third is devoted to Martin de Alzaga (which Ramos finally succeeds in his postindependence career. placing in proper perspective) but is also a valuable

contribution toward understanding the broader pre- 3826. Street, John. Artigas and the emanci-

1810 background at Buenos Aires. pation of Uruguay. Cambridge, Eng.,

3820. Ratto, Héctor R. Historia de Brown. 1959. 406 p. illus., maps, bibl. — ' B.A.. 1939. 2 v. illus. (Biblioteca de la A scholarly synthesis of Uruguayan national origins, Sc ? dad de d Hi __ A . 8-9) based archival as well asfor printed scurces. ociedad istoria rgentina * Pays on duesome attention to implications the entire Plata

The standard biography of Guillermo Brown, the region, while strongly sympathizing with Artigas leading naval hero of Argentine independence. The against Buenos Aires. The account is taken to Urufirst volume covers both independence proper and guay’s final attainment of independence, even though

the war with Brazil. Artigas had by then left the scene.

3821. Ravignani, Emilio. Historia constitu- 3827. Vedia y Mitre, Mariano de. El déan cional de la Republica Argentina. B.A., Funes: su vida, su obra, su personalidad.

1926-1927. 3 v. bibl. B.A., 1954. 671 p. illus.

A history of constitutional organization and develop- A good biography of a key figure of the independence ment (broadly interpreted) by one of Argentina’s fore- period in Argentina, the clergyman and statesman most historical scholars or, to be exact, reconstructed Gregorio Funes. The author admires him for his manifrom his lectures by two of his students. The work is fold services to the nation and his spirit of moderation

devoted almost entirely to the second and third de- but has not ignored controversial aspects of his life cades of the last century; especially detailed on the and career.

350 INDEPENDENCE D. Brazil (1808-1822) DAURIL ALDEN

Although the transitional years 1808 to 1822 were of critical importance for the formation of the Brazilian nation, they have not attracted the attention of Brazilianists to the extent that the colonial and national periods have. Curiously, these years have never served as a principal theme for any of Brazil’s major historical conferences. But Brazilian scholars have not been alone in neglecting these years, for significant contributions by foreign historians have also been rare. The out-

standing interpretation of the Joanine years (1808-1820) remains one written more than half a century ago, the magisterial volumes by Manuel de Oliveira Lima (3829), rivaled only by the massive revisionist tome of Tobias Monteiro (3831). These authors, and several other capable historians, have provided

accounts of Brazil’s road to independence, generally seen as an inevitable development.

A favored approach to these years has been biographical. If Oliveira Lima’s portrait of the Prince Regent and later King, John VI, appeared too flattering to some readers, others found that of Tobias Monteiro too severe. In recent years Pedro Calmon (3887) and Angelo Pereira (3894) have tried to rehabilitate John, but their efforts have not been convincing. Brazilian writers have been generally

hostile to John’s ambitious, Spanish-born wife, Carlota Joaquina, but two foreigners, Marcus Cheke (3888) and Julian Maria Rubio (3475), have presented sympathetic portrayals of that frustrated Queen. No biographer has rivaled the control of sources, the probing analysis, or the literary skill of the late Octavio

Tarquinio de Sousa in his studies of Pedro I (6568) and of José Bonifacio de Andrada (3898). The latter has been the subject of many biographies. Adequate appraisals are lacking of other major figures, such as the economic thinker José da Silva Lisboa; the Conde de Linhares, leading anglophile and dominant minister, 1808-1812; the Conde da Barca, his enlightened francophile rival; and the Conde dos Arcos, who as captain-general of Bahia decisively quashed the Pernambuco uprising of 1817.

Certain themes have been investigated in depth while others remain largely ignored. For the Joanine period we have more than enough portraits of court life, but we still know too little about provincial life. The recent publications of the Biblioteca Nacional (3846) make possible new assessment of the Pernambuco rebellion (1817). Apart from general studies of the conflict between the Cortes Geraes of Lisbon and the Regency of Prince Pedro, there are several useful, though excessively detailed and dated, studies of political and military activities in key provinces during the years 1820-1822. Military and diplomatic aspects of the entire period seem to have been exhaustively studied, the most important recent contribution being that of Caio de Freitas (3905). The activities of the French artistic mission of 1816 and those of certain other artists have been much celebrated, but those of foreign scientific visitors to Brazil

have received less attention. Though the Crown introduced important administrative innovations during the Joanine period, their significance remains to be assessed, as does the role of Rio de Janeiro as the temporary hub of the Portuguese empire. Too much ink has been spilt on the question of responsibility for

BRAZIL 351 persuading John VI to open Brazil’s ports in 1808, but, except for a few suggestive articles, such as those by Alice Canabrava (3913) and Olga Pantaleado (3916), the effects of that step upon patterns of Brazil’s trade and industrial begin-

nings have been largely unstudied. Buarque de Holanda’s outstanding analysis of the economic thought of Bishop Azeredo Coutinho (3875) demonstrates what might be done for other Brazilian thinkers of this period. Although Brazil served as an important refuge for persons fleeing not only the revolutions in the Spanish Empire but also the Bourbon Restoration in post-Napoleonic Europe, their effect on Brazil remains to be assessed. So, too, does the image of Brazil presented to European readers by literate foreigners who traveled in and wrote about Brazil during these years.

Because of exceptional circumstances—the presence of the royal family, Brazil’s comparative political stability until 1820, her apparently unlimited com-

mercial opportunities, and the exotic character of her largely unstudied flora, fauna, and aboriginal population — Brazil attracted a talented group of foreigners: military and diplomatic officials, businessmen, artists, savants, and sailors, many

of whom capitalized on the thirst of the reading public for information about Brazil by producing illustrated books depicting the people, their government, and their economic and cultural activities. The impressions contained in this unique corpus of materials, unmatched for any other part of Latin America at this time, may be compared with the numerous reports, memorials, and the like prepared by contemporary Portuguese and Brazilian informants. The items listed below suggest the abundance of other printed and manuscript materials. The published collections emphasize administrative, political, and diplomatic topics, but a great deal of data concerning social and economic facets of this period remain in manuscript collections in the archives of Portugal, Spain, and Brazil.

1. General well-balanced, broadly conceived work in which considerable attention is devoted to economic and social

3828. Instituto Historico e Geographico aspects of the period, as well as the major themes, Brasileiro, Rio de Janeiro. O anno da political and diplomatic events. The author obviously

ind de . Ri 1922. UtSand detested theadmired unfaithful, Carlota Joaquina Independencia. 10,530 . Pp. greatly but ambitious was not entirely uncritical of Revista. Tomo especial). her husband and the Conde de Linhares, whom he

Contains a series of undocumented papers, delivered considered to be the ablest of the king’s ministers. at the centennial celebration, on key events during Generally well organized and extremely readable, the movement for independence. The essays are these volumes are an essential starting point for rechiefly of historiographical interest today, but there search on any aspect of this period.

is a useful catalog (p. 475-527) of materials preserved . . . in the Historical Institute pertaining to the indepen- 3830. Lima, Manoel de Oliveira. O MOVI-

dence period. mento da independéncia. O império 3829. Lima, Manoel de Oliveira. Dom Jodo Br asileir 0, 1821-1889. 2. ed., Sao Paulo,

VI no Brasil, 1808-1821. 2. ed. Rio, col PoP tus. of Jodo VI to Portugal

1945. 3 v. illus., bibl. (Colegao docu- until the coronation of Pedro I (1823). A significant mentos _ brasileiros 49, 49-A, 49-B). work emphasizing the role of the monarchy as the

Originally published in 1909, this richly detailed study _forger of the nation, but less original in approach or is justifiably considered one of the landmarks of Bra- in the use of sources than the author’s volumes on the zilian historiography. Based on selective use of manu- _Joanine years.

script materials in Brazilian and foreign archives, sup- . . oo.

plemented by all significant printed sources. it is a 3831. Monteiro, Tobias do Rego. Historia do

3$2 INDEPENDENCE império: a elaboracao da independéncia. no Brasil desde a... chegada do principe

Rio, 1927. 869 p. illus. regente...a estes estados. Rio, 1808-

The first part of an ambitious but unfortunately never 1827.4 Vv. fully realized multivolume study of imperial Brazil A collection of basic legislation for Brazil and other based in part upon new archival research. More com- parts of the Portuguese empire. The first two volumes pactly written than Oliveira Lima’s three volumes and pertain to the years 1808-1817. V. 3 contains impordiffering strongly with that author’s favorable estimate tant decrees of Pedro I for the years 1822-1825. of Joao VI while glorifying Prince Pedro, this study is op as . less broadly conceived. Its emphasis is upon political 3836. Cartas inéditas de la Imperatriz D.

and diplomatic events of the years 1808-1823; rela- Maria Leopoldina, 1821 a 1826. RIHGB. tively little attention is paid to social and economic t. 75. no. 2. 1912: 109-127. aspects of the period. It is nonetheless highly regarded. Twelve letters from the Austrian-born wife of Pedro |

But tor an excellent contemporary critical appraisal, 1 Schiffer, a close friend of the Imperial Austrian naeao dain Peeeehenal RIGOR. 1 Oy abo family, written between April 28, 1821, and October 8,

399-418. guese

$ - P Se rv. yo 7*"* 1826. The texts are published in German and Portu-

3852, Romelro, J080 [Marconaes de Moural- 3837. Correspondéncia oficial das provin-

Paulo. 196? 55 4 anys loca te ao cias do Brasil durante a legislatura das brasileiros 6). “ Pp. Wolegao temas cértes constitucionaes de Portugal nos ; annos deundocumented 1821-1822. Precedida das carA readable, clearly organized, survey dirisid rei d 50 V | originally published in 1915. The first part discusses tas dirigidas a el-rei d. Joao VI, pelo the circumstances that led to Dom Jo4o’s departure principe real d. Pedro de Alcantara, como from Brazil; the second emphasizes the key role regente. 2. ed. Lisboa, 1872. 446 p. played by the province of Sao Paulo in strengthening Fyndamental. Besides republishing the oft-printed

the resolve of Prince Regent Pedro to stand upto the —_jetters of Regent Pedro to the King on the eve of Inde-

Lisbon Cortes. pendence, this invaluable collection contains state-

3833. Silva, Jodo M. Pereira da. Histéria da Tents O° support of the Regent's actions from various

fundacio brasileiro. Rio communities throughout Brazil, dispatches fromand Porunda¢doipimpério > tugese military commanders in Brazil to Lisbon,

1864-1868. 7 v. illus. | communications from provisional governments in

An old-fashioned, institutional study of the years various parts of Brazil to Portugal.

1808-1825. Though largely superseded by later works, . ; ; . .

it is still worth consulting for clarification of specific 2838. Ferreira, Silvestre Pinheiro. Memorias

points and particularly for keeping coeval events in e cartas biographicas...[Teixeira de

Portugal in perspective. Mello, ed.] ABN. v. 2, 1876-1877: 247-

3834. Varnhagen, A. de, visconde 314; v. 3; 1877-1878: 182-209.frien iend ~ ~ rotari .Francisco _ wenty-eight letters addressed to an anonymous de Porto Seguro. ristora incepen in Portugal during 1821-1822. The author (1769déencia do Br aSH...5. €G. SaO Faulo, 1846) had a varied career as a philosophy professor at

1957. 365 p. illus. the University of Coimbra, a diplomat, director of the

The volume Varnhagen had most difficulty complet- Royal Press in Rio de Janeiro (1810), and secretary of ing. Having decided that he had too much material for foreign affairs at the time the letters were written.

inclusion in the final volume of his colonial series, he ~ ~

spent another two and a half decades on the indepen- 3839. Magalhaes, Joao B., ed. Documen-

dence study. It remained unpublished at his death tacao do Conselheiro José Antonio Lis(1878) and was not printed until 1916, when it ap- boa, financista do Brasil Reino e Brasil peared with additional notes by the Baron de Rio ss _ Branco and a commission of Brazilian historians. The Imperio. RIHGB. v. 213, out.—dez.,

first ten chapters recount the story from the return of 195 I: 3-1 32.

Joao VI to Portugal until that kingdom recognized Consists of important documents mainly relating to Brazil’s independence. The second part consists of the establishment and operations of the first Bank notes concerning events during these years in nine of Of Brazil.

the provinces. Among the merits of the study are the .

author’s use of previously neglected materials, includ- 3840. Marrocos, Luiz J. dos Santos. Cartas

ing newspapers, pamphlets, and diplomatic corre- escritas do Rio de Janeiro a sua familia spondence, and interviews with participants or the em Lisboa. de 1811 a 1821. Rio. 1934

sons of participants in the separatist movement. 446 ; ° , : p. (ABN 56). A unique and important source. The Peninsular-born

author was a librarian in the Biblioteca Real. His

2. Documentary Sources letters home reflect his displeasure with living con-

‘ . ditions in Rio de Janeiro, his contempt for Brazilians.

3835. Brazil. Laws, statutes, ete. Codigo bra- They also tell a good deal about the activities of high

Siliense, ou colecao das leis, alvaras, officials during the days of John VI and their frustradecretos, cartas régias, etc. promulgadas tions occasioned by the King’s repeated postpone-

BRAZIL 353 ments of his return to Portugal. manifestoes, correspondence between revolutionary

: , and royalist leaders, and trial records. The introduc3841. Mello, Jeronymo de Avellar Figueira tions by José Honorio Rodrigues are excellent, and de, ed. A _ correspondéncia do Barao the volumes are well indexed.

Wenzel de Marschall agente diplomatico 3847 Vianna, Hélio, ed. Correspondéncia

da Austria no Brasil oe hi te9-n4a, d¢ José Bonifacio (1810-1820). RHSP.

oo » ho. ?; , ano 14, no. 55, julho-set., 1963: 217-

Excerpts with commentary of reports to Prince Met- ; wae . ternich from Leopoldo Wenzel, Baron von Marschall ve ao aera ya incre on various facets areely

(1784-1851), diplomatic agent and later envoy ex- ; ; .

traordinary to Brazil, 1821-1831. covering political Soc. birth was celebrated in June, 1963, Contains

conditions duringpreviously the period May 21, 1821, tocorrespondence Decem- ‘ous! blished d ? bet:José José ber 21. 1822. unpublished between

° Bonifacio and the Conde de Linhares.

1-1;..**

3842. Pedro I, emperor of Brazil. Cartas

autographas do Principe Real o Sr. D. . Pedro de Alcantara... RIHGB. t. 61, 3. Description and Travel

Thirty three weocrant letpers from Prince Pedro 3848. Callcott, Maria (Dundas) Graham. Regent of Brazil, to his father, King John VI, cover- Diario de uma vlagem a0 Brasil, e de ing events in Brazil between February 12 and Sep- uma estada nesse pais durante parte dos

tember 22, 1822. anos de 1821-1822 e 1823. Traducao e 3843. Portugal. Cortes. Documentos paraa notas de Ameérico Jacobina Lacombe. historia das cortes geraes da nacdo por- Sao Paulo, 1956. 402 p. (Biblioteca pedatugueza. t. 1. 1820-1825. Lisboa, 1883. gogica brasileira. sér. 5. Brasiliana 8).

966 p Maria Graham, subsequently Lady Callcott (1785-

o 1842), talented authoress illustrator, made;two Essential for an understanding of theand struggle between ;, : visits to Brazil between 1821 and 1823,anit totalling

the Cortes Geraes of Lisbo n and the Prince Regent, about one year. Her first stay occurred at a time when

Pedro, for B razilian allegiance during these critical anti-Portuguese sentiment among Brazilians was yeti This is a miscellany of decrees, speeches, con- reaching its peak, while her second sojourn coincided

SPPENTON AL COCHTIETES» ANC CORTESPONIHES: with the meeting of the ill-fated Constitutional As-

3844. Rangel, Alberto do Rego, and Miguel sembly. Though not equal in quality to her betterCalégeras. eds. Inventério dos inesti- known Journal of a Residence in Chile, her Brazilian , B' , " wae journals are worth consulting because of her vivid maveis documentos historicos do AI- descriptions of the places and people she saw, and

quivo da Casa Imperial do Brasil, no because of her numerous sketches and drawings.

Castelo d’Eu em Franga. Rio, 1939. 2 v. The Portuguese translation is excellent and the editor’s (ABN 54-55). notes correct and elaborate upon the original text.

Nearly 2,000 miscellaneous documents, inadequately ° : _ calendared and formerly located in the imperial palace 3849. Chamberlain, venry . ety S ane do f

in Orleans, but now housed in the Museu Imperial, tumes of the city and neighbourhood o Petropolis, concern Brazil during the years 1808- Rio de Janeiro... from drawings taken by

1822. Lieutenant Chamberlain, Royal Artillery,

3845. Rio de Janeiro. Biblioteca Nacional. | during the years 1819 and 1820, with

:’°5°

Lisboa-Rio de Janeiro. Rio, 1923. 503 p. _—_- descriptive explanations. London, 1822. (Documentos para a historia da inde- illus. . . pendencia 1). One of the best pictorial records of Rio for any period. Intended to be the initial volume of a series celebrat- then 6 colored Desta aen hint considered Propany ing the first centenary of Brazil’s independence, but Hheueh st aint rane edt hat some ee ere co Nes oF

never continued. Includes miscellaneous but impor- , de ; i PP dbv Th End P

tant documents ranging from 1814 to 1825 butcenter- !#"@Scapes earlier executed by I homas Ender.

ing on the years 1820-1825 and emphasizing the 3850, Debret, Jean Baptiste. Viagem pi-

question of the Court's return to Portugal. toresca e histérica ao Brasil. Sérgio Mil3846. Rio de Janeiro. Biblioteca Nacional. liet, tr. and ed. 2. ed. Sao Paulo, [1949]. Revolugao de 1817. Rio, 1953-1955. 9 v. 3 v. in 2. (Biblioteca histérica brasileira

(Documentos historicos 101-109). 4).

Indispensable materials for the study of the separa- Debret (1768-1848) came to Brazil in 1816 with the tist movement centering in Pernambuco. (For an in- ‘French artistic mission and remained until ca. 1831. troduction to the literature on the topic, see v. 101,p. His Voyage pittoresque...was published in 3 vol-

v-vi.) All aspects are covered, rebel and royalist, umes in Paris, 1834-1839. It is divided into three

foreign reactions, origins, and repression. Included are _ parts: (1) the aborigines and their modes of living;

354 INDEPENDENCE (2) the social activities of persons subject to Portu- 10 v. illus., maps.

guese rule; and (3) religious and political life. The Freycinet was the commander of a French scientific chapters provide explanation for the numerous draw- expedition. His coverage of the places his ship visited ings and sketches, which are the most valuable part of js remarkably comprehensive. Utilizing the best availthe work, especially those illustrating the many forms able published works to supplement information col-

..;...

of labor performed by slaves. lected by members of the expedition, he reported on

. the history, government, economy, and physical set-

3851. Ender, Thomas. O velho Rio de Ja- ting of each place where the expedition stopped. For neiro atraves das gravuras de Thomas Brazil, mainly the city and province of Rio de JaEnder. Texto e legendas por Gilberto _ neiro, see v. 1, p. 41-341 and v. 3, p. 1348-1380.

Ferrez, com um resumo do texto em 3855, Koster, Henry. Travels in Brazil.

inglés e alemao. Sao Paulo, 1956. 43 p. London, 1816. 501 p. maps

169 p. of illus. map. bib]. | A classic account widely translated and often re-

Thomas Ender (1795-1 875), an outstanding landscape __ printed. Koster was born in Portugal at the end of the

painter and protege of Prince Metternich, accom- eighteenth century, the son of a Liverpool sugar panied the Austrian scientific mission to Brazil in dealer who had a branch in Pérto. He arrived in Re1817 and returned to Europe the following year with — cife late in 1809 and traveled throughout the Northa portfolio of more than 600 drawings and watercolors east, settling in Pernambuco and remaining there off

of Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo, depicting streets, and on until his death in 1820. During his residence buildings, landscapes, and the costumes and activities he became acquainted with many of the leading figures

of commoners, slaves, and nobles. The existence of of the time and played a role in bringing about the

this collection in Vienna remained unknown in Brazil patriots’ capitulation of Recife in 1817. His book is until 1950. Included in this volume are some of the rich in detail concerning the appearance and character much-copied street scenes of the talented and little- of the people, their towns, the royal government, the known Portuguese artist, Joaquim Candido Guillobel. countryside generally, and the plantations in par-

3852. Eschwege, Wilhelm L. von. Didrio de cular. The excellent plates were made by a close

. . .viagem . relative according tode Koster’s drawings. uma do Rio Janeiro a Villa Rica, na capitania de Minas Geraes, no 3856. Luccock, John. Notes on Rio de anno de 1811. Lucia Furquim Lahmeyer, Janeiro and the southern parts of Brazil

tr. Sao Paulo, 1936. 40 p. taken during a residence of ten years...

A brief, matter-of-fact account of the geologist’s first 1808 to 1818. London, 1820. 639 p. trip to the interior. Contains some interesting observa- 3 maps.

tions on conditions of travel and some caustic remarks A British merchant who traveled extensively in Braconcerning the accuracy of John Mawe’s Travels. zil from Rio Grande do Sul to Minas Gerais, Luccock

: was a careful, sometimes exasperated observer. His

3853. Eschwege, Wilhelm L. von. Journal socioeconomic discussions are especially acute (e.g., von Brasilien, oder Vermischte nach- his discussion of the institution of slavery), more so richten aus Brasilien... Weimar, 1818.2 than his comments on political matters except for v. illus., maps (Neue bibliothek der wich- Some very keen observations concerning the growth of

. . . Brazilian nationalism during his decade in Brazil. tigsten Reisebeschreibungen... 14-15). _

Eschwege (1777-1855) was trained at the famed Frei- 3857. Mathison, Gilbert F. Narrative of a berg mining school. In 1803 he was recruited by the visit to Brazil, Chile, Peru, and the Sand-

Portuguese government to direct iron manufacture in . .

the kingdom. Subsequently he traveled to Brazil Pen Islan ourne ; “in 821 and 1822... where he made a survey of the decadent gold mining ondon, . p. 10uUS., Map.

industry and recommended remedial procedures, re- The first 172 pages describe Rio de Janeiro and enturning to Europe in 1821. Known as the “father of Virons and provide some interesting details on the Brazilian geology,” his account of the mining resources colonization projects of John VI and on early Niteroi

of Brazil and the history of their exploitation (Pluto 4nd Nova Friburgo.

Brasiliensis (Berlin, 1833]; Portuguese tr. by Domicio 3858, Mawe, John. Travels in the interior of

de Figueiredo Murta [Sao Paulo, n.d., 2 v.]), although Brazil particularly in the gold and diapartly plagiarized, longJournal remained a standard texticts inofd that di tri fth ... Lond Brazil. His less widely known is largely con- Mond distr country London, fined to purely scientific observations made during 1812. 366 p. illus., map.

his travels in Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, and Minas Widely translated in several European languages, Gerais, though it contains some demographic and sta- Mawe’s was the first description by a foreigner of tistical data derived from government sources. It is the mining regions of Brazil. A protégé of the Conde far less useful than, for example, the works of Pohl de Linhares, he was initially engaged to establish a

or Saint- Hilaire. dairy on the royal Santa Cruz estate and later obtained

. ; permission to visit Minas Gerais. His descriptions of

3854. Freycinet, Louis C. Desausles de. gold and diamond mining techniques and of the fazenVoyage autour du monde entrepris par as and customs stations that he saw are the strong ordre du Roi... pendant les années 181 7, points of his book (2. ed. rev., London, 1823).

1818, 1819 et 1820... Paris, 1824-1844. 3859. Pohl, Johann B. E. Viagem no interi-

BRAZIL 355 or do Brasil...nos anos de 1817 a chen, 1823-1831. 3 v. maps, plates.

1821...Rio, 1951. 2 v. illus. (Instituto Inspired by Von Humboldt, the two Bavarian scienNacional do Livro. Colecao de obras _ tists, the first named a zoologist, the second a botanist,

3) not only made a scientific survey of Brazil, but also

Pohl (1782-1834) was aaBohemian-born reportedan on e thelike, charactet a the impressions people, social eee? : . aid economicnaturalist activities, their

sa atm bone oe ited procs hel aye Zl. DO! » took them by, fromtic, SaoEaropean Paulo, Minas, and Bahia to Para collecting toot him arn tte the captaincies or me and the Upper Amazon. The text is supplemented by € Janeiro, Minas, an Olas. Tis account of HIS some useful statistics on population and trade. The travels (Reise im inner von Brasilien, Wien, 1832~ English translation (London, 1824, 2 v.) represents

Lark an a coercing ome ny the fist al ofthe orgal the remainder though

was never published. ends of chapters and; toromised, their appendixes. Elsewhere PP

he has much to say about the dress, cuisine, and social 3863. Taunay, Hippolyte, and Ferdinand

diversions of all classes, about the cost of living, Denis. Le Brésil. ou. histoire. moeurs

conditions of travel, impressions of enlight. ?desd habitans habj ?ded ce> ened colonials with whom heand camehis in contact. Though usages ef coutumes lacking the insight of a Saint-Hilaire or of a Luccock, royaume... Paris, 1822. 6 v. in 3. illus.

Pohl was an objective, conscientious reporter, and Intended as a general work for a European audience his travels remain important for their socioeconomic and based partly on direct observations and partly observations. Tr. by Teodoro Cabral, with introd. upon a culling of material from standard contemporary

by José Honorio Rodrigues. sources. The first 5 volumes give a captaincy-by. . captaincy description of Brazil; the last contains

3860. Rugendas, Johann M. Viagem pito- French translations of several well-known early acresca através do Brasil. Sérgio Milliet, counts of Brazil. Good descriptions of social cusS40 Paulo, 1940. 205 p. illus. (Biblio- toms: bur ne specific information that is unique. Ex-

teca hist6rica brasileira 1). COMET TUS TTANODS. i

Translation of a work that originally appeared simul- 3864. Tollenare, Louis F. de. Notas domini-

taneously in French and German editions in Paris in cais tomadas durante uma viagem em 1835. The German-born author (1802-1858) was a . member of a distinguished family of artists and was Portugal e no Brasil em 1816, 1817 € unquestionably one of the ablest foreign painters to 1818. Salvador, 1956. 364 p. illus. (Coledepict the social and natural setting of the early cao de estudos brasileiros. Série MaraEmpire. Like Debret, Rugendas did not provide a joara 4). detailed account of his first visit to Brazil (1821- To}lenare (b. 1780) was a French cotton buyer who 1825), but rather prepared commentaries to explain traveled from Maranhdo to Bahia, but became most

the 100 lithographs that accompany his text. familiar with Pernambuco, where he witnessed the

. oy: . . , 1817 uprising, and with Bahia. On Sundays—and

3861. Saint-Hilaire, Augustin Francois Cesar hence the title —he meticulously recorded his obserProvencal. Voyages dans l’intérieur du vations on government, the church, the military, class

Brésil. 8 v. in 4. Paris, 1830-1851. structure, social diversions, the slave trade, and the ——. a Rio Grande do planation system. He was a remarkablyeditions Keen but sasVoyage Z . cautious anSulonest observer. Brazilian

4B T esi). or leans, 8 67, 044. illus.,m ap. (there are none in French or English) lack the notes i canis aint- ¢ aire i 79-1853) was one of the the author made during his four-month stay in Portu-

ablest observers of Brazil during this period. Between gal on his outward voyage. A critical, complete edi1816 and 1822 he traveled throughout the present {ion in French has been promised.

states of Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, . ; _. Goids, SAo Paulo, Paranda, and Rio Grande do Sul 3865. Wied-Neuwied, Maximilian A. P.,

collecting plants and animals for the Museum of prinz von. Reise nach Brasilien in den

Natural History in Paris and compiling information 416 _

for his extensive travel series, all but one volume of Jahren 18 15 bis 1817... Frankfurt, 1820

which was published during his lifetime. Each volume, 1821.2 v. illus. based on the author’s notes corroborated by the best A widely noted but not very valuable account for the available printed sources and focused on a particular historian. The author traveled up the coast from Rio region, includes discussions of the history, govern- de Janeiro to Minas and Bahia with the naturalists

ment, physical environment, character, customs, and Georg Freyreiss and Friedrich Sellow. There 1S much economic and spiritual life of the inhabitants. Through- | 2bout the coastal Indians, birds that the author shot, out, the author remained a careful, honest, sympathetic and animals that he saw, but little historical informareporter. In one form or another all his volumes have ‘tion that is accurate or significant. The English trans-

been translated into Portuguese. lation (London, 1820) covers only the first part of the narrative. 3862. Spix, Johann B. von, and Karl F. P.

ee sas . Periodicals

von Martius. Reise in Brasilien auf Be- A. Periodi

fehl Sr. Majestat Maximilian Joseph I, ...in den Jahren 1817 bis 1820... Miin- 3866. Gazeta do Rio de Janeiro. Rio, Sept.

356 INDEPENDENCE 10, 1808—Dec. 31, 1822. Bimonthly. government, population, and the economy, together

The semiofficial gazette of the Regency and govern- with suggestions for various sorts of socioeconomic

ment of John VI, an important source for royal de- ! "provements. The author was a cavalry lieutenant crees, proclamations, and information on the activi- and served as adjutant to the governor of the capties of members of the Court. It was succeeded on taincy. His work has been called “the first serious January 2, 1823, by the Didrio do Governo, which ™onograph about Santa Catharina . ..

maintained the same format. 3872. Brito, Joao Rodrigues de [et al.].

3867. O Correio Braziliense, ou Armazém Cartas economo-politicas sobre a agriLiterario. London, June, 1808-1822. 175 cultura, e commercio da Bahia. Bahia,

numbers in 29 v. Monthly. 1924. 118 p.

Edited by colonial-born Hipolito José da Costa, a Four critiques, heavily spiced with citations to Adam fugitive from the Inquisition, this journal was in- Smith and J. B. Say, concerning impediments to agritended primarily to inform Brazilian readers about culture and commerce in Bahia. Written in 1807 at current developments in politics, the sciences, and the behest of the captain-general of Bahia, they were the arts in Europe and in the Americas. Included are first published in Lisbon in 1821.

royal decrees, price tables of Brazilian products . ,

on the London market, and much useful miscellaneous 3873. [Chaves, Antonio Jose Goncalves]. information. The editor, a moderate liberal, was often Memorias economo-politicas de... J. B.

critical of the Portuguese regime. Hafkemeyer. S.J., ed. RIHG(RG). v. 2,

3868. O Investigador Portuguez em In- 1922: 153-373. .

glaterra, ou Jornal Literdrio, Politico, Chownewho anonymously put Grande BE Gee ke _ aves, a Peninsular came to Rio do sd etc. London, June, 1811-Feb., 1819. 92 in 1805 and became a prosperous manufacturer of

numbers in 23 v. Monthly. __ jerked beef. The author was obviously an enlightened,

Virtually an organ of the Portuguese embassy in public spirited, energetic citizen who wrote critically London and intended to offset the influence of the of governmental policies with respect to administramore liberal Correio Brasiliense. Similar in coverage, tion, land tenure, and slavery. Excellent statistical it is particularly useful for its expression of political details on commerce and industry.

attitudes and the economic data itJosé published. , . Pfor . 3874. Coutinho, J. da. Cunha

de Aze-

3869. O Patriota. Jornal literario, politico, redo. Ensaio econémico sobre o commercantil...do Rio de Janeiro, 1813- mércio de Portugal e suas colonias... 2. 1814. Monthly; later semimonthly. ed. Lisboa, 1816. 201 p.

Primarily a literary and scientific journal that pub- Perhaps the bishop’s best-known essay, for it was lished essays by European- and colonial-born intel- widely translated. Revives the century-old argument lectuals. Some on historical and economic topics that agriculture, rather than mines, was the true source stl pavement and have been reprinted, notably by of Brazil’s wealth. Urges a number of specific reforms,

the R B. including the abolition of the salt monopoly, the removal of restrictions upon the exploitation of Brazil’s forests to promote shipbuilding, the development of a

5. Other Sources fishing industry based on Indian labor, and the grant-

3870. Ayres de Casal, Manuel. Corografia ing of liberal trading privileges outside the empire.

brasilica. Facsimile da ed. de 1817. Intro. 3875. Coutinho, Jose J. da Cunha de Azede Caio Prado, Jr. Rio, 1945-1947. 2 v. redo, Memoria sobre o prego do assucar. The author ts often called Brazil’s first geographer, Sergio Buarque de Holanda, ed. Rio, but his reputation as a geographer and historian has 1946. 46 p. CUnstituto do Acucar e do been questioned by the editor and defended by José Alcool. Série hist6ria 2). ont Roerigues hi m austonoera prasilea The introduction (originally published in Brazil Acu-

1047. 90-91). Nuch rograyico. ao raulo, Vv. '\. careiro, Dec., 1944—-Jan., 1945) constitutes an out- ‘aga used by contemporary writers standing analysis of the economic thought of the famed and virtually plagiarized by James Henderson (4 — Castro,” relates the study in broad historical perspec° P. f Saj , tive to Negritude, dying colonialism, and Fidelismo. Extended notes on newspapers of Saint-Domingue There is a lively contrast between the “radical popu-

and their contents from 1764, but mostly for 1789- — jigmy> of James and the Marxist determinism of his 1793. Footnotes indicate holdings in United States fellow Trinidadian Eric Williams

libraries. Reprinted from the Proceedings of the Amer-

ican Antiquarian Society for April, 1939. 3986. Jean-Baptiste, Saint-Victor. Haiti, sa 3980. Debien, Gabriel. Notes bibliographi- lutte pour emancipation, deux concepts ques sur l’histoire de Saint-Domingue. d’indeépendance a Saint-Domingue. Pre-

RHGH. v. 14, jan., 1943: 25-42: v. 17, face by Clément Lanier. Paris, 1957. juil., 1946: 41-57. 286 p. bibl. |

Bibliographical guide to three topics: medical history Haitian independence and the eighteenth-century (emphasizing the independence war and the yellow background analyzed in the light of two divergent confever epidemic of 1802), the French expedition of cepts of independence, the colons’ and the slaves’.

rs02, and the a © revo or 1791. The final install- 3987, Laurent, Mentor. Erreurs et vérités see NOI dans l’histoire d’Haiti. t. 1. Port-au3981. Ménier, M.-A., and Gabriel Debien. Prince, 1945. 381 p. bibl. (Bibliothéque

Journaux de Saint-Domingue. RHC. t. haitienne).

36, nos. 127-128, 1949: 424-475. Challenges facts and interpretations in standard his-

An inventory of newspapers of Saint-Domingue from __ tories of Toussaint and Haitian independence. Docu1764 to 1802, most of them from the 1790's. Indicates mentary appendix. Only one volume published.

repositories. Supplements Cabon's History of Haiti 3988 Nemours, Alfred. Histoire militaire de

_ la guerre d’indépendance de _ Saint-

3982. Toth, Jane, and William A. Trembley. Domingue. Paris, 1925-1928. 2 v. map,

The Alfred Nemours collection of Har- bibl.

Oct., 1962: 61-70. . Loo. tian history: a catalogue. CS. v. 2,n0.3, Standard work containing much documentation.

A list of nearly 200 printed titles, capsule descriptions 3989. _ Poyen-Bellisle, Henry de. Histoire

of several hundred documents, and a list of paintings militaire de la révolution de Saint-

THE CARIBBEAN 369 Domingue. Paris, 1899. 555 p. maps. 3996. Garran de Coulon, Jean P. Rapport An official but well-documented French version. In- sur les troubles de Saint-Domingue fait cludes the period following Leclerc’s death, which au nom de la Commission des Colonies neither Lacroix Nemours his ownes des C ités dedeSalut Public. de Histoire militairenor (1, chap. xiv) covers. NemoursIncriticizes Comiutes alut UDHIC, de Légis] Legisia-‘ Poyen for misunderstanding the strategies of both tion et de Marine réunis. Paris, [1797-—

Leclerc and Toussaint. 1799]. 4 v. . nti _ Indispensable official report on events in Saint-

3990. Saintoyant, J. La coon aay Domingue to 1794, summarizing and discussing a vast Galse pendant la revolution, 1789— - number of documents. Presentation is slanted after

Paris, 1930. 2 v. maps. 1792 in an attempt to absolve Commissioners Son-

——., La colonisation francaise pendant thonax, Polverel, and Ailhaud. See also Garran de la période National AssemPp ? napoléonienne, ‘bly in An 1799-1815 inquiry Coulon’s into the“observations” causes ofbefore the the insurrection of

Paris, 1931. the negroes in the island of St. Domingo (London,

These two works continue the author’s earlier book 1792),

on French colonization in the era before 1789. They |

provide substantial coverage for the French Carib- 3997. Griggs, Earl Leslie, and Clifford H.

bean. Prator. Henry Christophe and Thomas

3991. Stoddard, T. Lothrop. The French Clarkson, a correspondence. Berkeley, Revolution in San Domingo. Boston, 1952. 287 p. illus., map, bibl. 1914. 410 p. map, bibl. Correspondence from the British Museum between A substantial and comprehensive account of the proc- Clarkson, the British abolitionist, and Christophe ess of Haitian independence, although marred for ¢Vincing the king’s interest in his people’s education modern readers by racist views. Bibliography en- and welfare (1816-1820). Letters from various Hai-

livened by caustic commentary. tian officials are included and letters (1820-1824) de-

scribing Christophe’s death and its aftermath. Notes and an 80-page historical introduction are supplied.

c. Documents 3998. Grimoiiard, Henri de. L’Amiral de

- Grimouard Port-au-Prince sa 3992. Aux origines deau l’abolition de l’es- d’aprés ;

—juil., , .t t. de Sonthonax 1793-1794. RHC. t. mars, 36, Oa 195-174 561500

clavage Proclamations de Polverel et FOPresP ongance et , OO OREO Pon

,

no. 125, 1949: 24-55; nos. 127-128, Eyewitness testimony from papers in the archives of

1949: 348-423. La Rochelle. Reproduces thé proclamations of the French commis- , .

sioners in Saint-Domingue that freed the slaves and 3999. Laurent, Gerard M. Toussaint Louregulated the labor and compensation of the freedmen. verture a travers sa correspondance

3993. Debien, Gabriel. Autour de lexpédi- (F772 0798). Madrid, 1953. 280 p. bibl

tion de Saint-Domingue, les espoirs d’une ena enaire de ta Kepuolque famille d’anciens planteurs (1801-1804). alti). .

Port-au-Prince. 1942. 95 (Notes Letters of ToussaintThe to General Etienne Laveaux, a , : ’ . p. governor of WVhisSaint-Domingue. editor supplies

toire coloniale 3). , historical introduction.

Fifty-six letters documenting the hopes and illusions

of a dispossessed planter family. First published in the 4900. McIntosh, Malcolm E., and Bernard

RHGH, v. 13, no. 47, oct., 1942: 1-95. C. Weber, eds. Une correspondance

3994. Debien, Gabriel. Le commerce nantais familiale au temps des troubles de Saint-

et la perte de Saint-Domingue d’aprés Domingue, lettres du Marquis et de la une correspondance de la maison Le- Marquise de Rouvray a leur fille, Saintbourg, 1784-1800. RHGH. v. 15, jan, Domingue"Etats Unis (1791-1796).

1944: 1-69. Paris, 1959. 179 p. (Bibliotheque dhis-

° e 1el. 1 .7 . ,

Seventy-three letters from a merchant of Nantes and __toire coloniale, nouvelle serie). his widow relating to commercial and other affairs Fifty-four letters that document the misfortunes of a

in Saint-Domingue, particularly for 1791-1794. creole family following the slave uprisings, from a col-

3995. Debien, Gabriel. Réfuciés de St lection at the University of Alabama library.

Domingue "aux Etats-Unis RHGH. In 4001. Maurel, Blanche. Cahiers de doleinstallments from v. 19, juil., 1948: ances de la colonie de Saint-Domingue

1-20. to v. 21. oct.. 1950: 1 9-74. pour les Etats Généraux de 1789. Paris,

A synopsis of the refugee movement, followed by cor- 1933. 399 p. Map, bibl. (Collection de

respondence from émigrés for 1793-1817. documents inédits sur Vhistoire éco-

370 INDEPENDENCE nomique de la Révolution Frangaise). tion’s secretary of state. Illuminating for the clash

The principal documents transcribed are the cahier of | between Toussaint and Rigaud, and for problems of the deputies from Saint-Domingue; a plan for local nation-building. Documentary appendix.

assemblies proposed by the colonists; a cahier from ; .

the western region of the colony; and a cahier from the 4007. Bouvet de Cresse, A. J. B., ed. His-

Chamber of Agriculture of Le Cap. As the editor toire de la catastrophe de Saint-Dominstates in her thorough introduction: “Comme en gue. Paris, 1824. 156 p. France, la révolution y commengait par la révolte des = An account of atrocities of Napoleonic troops by an

plus hautes classes sociales.” The volume contains anonymous high-ranking officer of Christophe’s twenty-one ancillary documents and numerous ap- army. Appendix contains letters of Leclerc, Chrispendixes, including a biographical register of the tophe, and other officers. colons.

, 4008. Descourtilz, M. E. Voyages dun 4002. Roussier, Paul, ed. Lettres du Ge- naturaliste et ses observations. Paris, néral Leclerc, commandant en chef de 1809. 3 v. illus. larmee de Saint-Domingue en 1802. Vv. 2 and 3 are devoted mostly to Saint-Domingue and Paris, 1937. 361 p. illus., maps. (Biblio- contain travel notes, natural history, and a frightened

théque d’histoire coloniale). account of the author’s imprisonment by the black in-

These well-edited letters from the leader of Napo- ‘S¥rgents. Handsome color plates. The author, who leon’s ill-fated expedition to Saint-Domingue are an ©4Me to Port-au-Prince in 1799 to found a lycee, also essential source. Appendixes include instructions to wrote a botanical survey of the Antilles.

Leclerc, letters to Leclerc from the Ministre de la 4ggg. Harvey, W. W. Sketches of Hayti: Marine, from Napoleon tomémoire Leclercwritandrom Tousf th s10n 1s} fOthe F h. toto th saint, and letters Toussaint’s self-vindicating the expu € rrencn, the ten to Napoleon from prison. Editor’s introduction re- death of Christophe. London, 1827. 416

views printed sources. p. illus. . . A Wesleyan missionary’s informative account of

4003. Sanders [Saunders], Prince. H aytian Haiti under Christophe, based partly on personal obpapers, a collection of the very interest- servation. Sympathetic to both the ruler and the Haiing proclamations and other official docu- tian people. Includes a fair-minded comparison bements, together with some account of tween the regimes of Christophe and Pétion.

the rise, progress, and present state of 4010. Hassal, Mary [Mrs. Leonora Santhe kingdom of Hayti. Boston, 1818. say]. Secret history: or, the horrors of St.

156 p. | | | Domingo, in a series of letters, written

Important letters and PHDUC papers relating to Chriss by a lady at Cape Francois to Colonel

P en compe oY : . Burr, late vice-president of the United

4004. Toussaint Louverture, Francois D. States, principally during the command of

Letters of Toussaint Louverture and of General Rochambeau. Philadelphia, Edward Stevens, 1798-1800. AHR. v. 1808. 225 p. 16, Oct., 1910: 64-101. Letters in which allusions to the “horrors” of war are

Nineteen letters, two from Toussaint to President mingled with feminine observations about the sentiAdams and seventeen from Edward Stevens, United mental life of Cap Francois society. Abridged French States consul general in Saint Domingue. All but one _ translation by H. P. Sannon (Cap Haitien, 1936).

of Stevens’ dispatches are to Secretaries of State . . .

Pickering and Marshall. 4011. Lacroix, Francois J. P., vicomte de. Mémoires pour servir a Vhistoire de la

Ac . 2of thev.achievement maps.of Haitian indecountsaris, An account

d. Memoirs and Contemporary Dee as Saint-Domingue. 2. ed. 4005. Boisrond-Tonnerre. Félix. Mémoires pendence by a French general who served with Le-

; + servir A hista 7IStoire @H ti. Par; clerc. it reflects the French point and of view, pour alu. Faris, the Though work is based on careful observation judg-

1851. 108 p. ment. An important source. Memoirs of a leading aide to Dessalines who drafted ; . the independence declaration and was killed in 1806. 4012. Mackenzie, Charles. Notes on Haiti, First published in 1804, they are here re-edited with a made during a residence in that republic.

critical study by the historian J. Saint-Rémy. London, 1830. 2 v. illus., map.

4006. Bonnet, Edmond. Souvenirs histori- Dealled report by a British consul genera’ (18/6"

Guv-Joseph 1827). The first volume contains travel notes; the ques €d WY p : S; Bonnet. second Pari gives an account of the independence move-

1864. 502 p. illus. ment, followed by surveys of government, population,

Memoirs of a Haitian statesman edited by his son. the church, agriculture, commerce, finance, and the Bonnet was an aide to General Rigaud and later Pé- military. Documentary appendix.

THE CARIBBEAN 371 e. Biographies hierarchy. Well-annotated bibliography.

42 ;N. dance chex307 lesp.colons de Saint-DominHaiti. Y., 1967. illus., maps, wey . ves _ bibl gue au xviiéme [sic for xviliéme] siécle

4013. Cole, Hubert. Christophe, king of 4021. Debien, Gabriel. L’esprit d indepen-

. j v. 17, no. 63, oct., : 1-31.

A competent, dispassionate biography. at | appel 63. ane 46. ee - RHGH. 4014. Jean-Baptiste, Saint-Victor. Le Documented study of causes for English involvement fondateur devant Thistoire. Port-au- in Saint-Domingue in 1793.

A r vob 13 34. 326 Pp. illus., bibl. ; 4022. Debien, Gabriel. Gens de couleur

sources. ones libres et colons de Saint-Domingue - devant la Constituante 1789-mars,

aneoston, porno ’eee oussaint. 1790.211-232, RHAF. v.398-426, 4, sept., 1950-—mars, Pp.“ttizen Map,| D101. 1951: 530-549. Workman, smoathly writen biography of Tows- well documented:

4016 Paulé Sa OS H ) Histoire d 4023. Garrett, Mitchell B. The French co1 au ot Louvert ane 7 IS Pri: © lonial question, 1789-1791, dealings of 1990-1933 3 yi ure. Port-au-rrince, the Constituent Assembly with problems

> substantial V. THUS. arising from the revolution in the .West The most life of Toussaint, extensively . documented by a historian gifted at interpretation and Indies. Ann Arbor, 1916. 167 p. bibl. synthesis. The author’s La guerre de V'indépendance A Cornell University doctoral dissertation based on (Port-au-Prince, 1925), provides a framework for records of the National Assembly.

this biography. 4024. Laurent, Gérard M. Le Commissaire 4017. Saint-Remy, Joseph. Pétion et Haiti, Sonthonax a Saint-Domingue. Port-au-

étude monographique et historique. Prince, 1965. 2 v. .

Paris, 1854-1857. 5 v. V. 1, “Le lutteur,” and v. 2, L organisateur,” are

A laudatory but not uncritical study of Pétion and his 2"nounced he an introduction wm ies yuure volumes times that frequently corrects Ardouin and especially COMtaining the correspondence of sonthonax.

Madiou.aThe auihor. a influenced Haitian born in (Guadeloupe, Manigat, Leslie F. La politique was liberal by the 4025. French Revolution o :agraire ae 1848. The work is unfinished and reaches only 1803, du gouvernement d Alexandre Petion

four years before Pétion’s presidency. A sixth volume (1807-1 8] 8). Port-au-Prince, 1962. 74 p.

in manuscript has been lost. The author is also known A judicious analysis of a topic critical for the whole of

as Saint-Rémy des Cayes. subsequent Haitian history.

4026. Maurel, Blanche. Saint-Domingue et

f. Monographs la révolution francaise: les représentants

, , ; . des colons en France de 1789 a 1795.

4018. Boissonade, P. Saint-Domingue a la Paris, 1943. 75 p. (Bibliothéque de la veille de la révolution et la question de la Revue historique) répresentation coloniale aux Etats Gé- 4 concise, scholarly study. néraux (jan., 1788-juil., 1789). Paris,

1906. 299 p. bibl. 4027. Maurel, Blanche. Le vent du large:

} ott Gé int-Domingue.

Judicious, well organized, and well documented. ou, le destin jourmente ge J ean Baptiste

4019. Cooper, Anna J. Lattitude de la porary 59 "505 p “lus a 8

France a Pegard de l'esclavage pendant Biography of a colon that recaptures much of his la révolution. Paris, 1925. 172 p. bibl. milieu and times. Gérard remained in Saint-Domingue

ith F h ti t ts in Saint-Domi , ; . . ,

University of Paris doctoral thesis, mostly concerned until 1802.

Documentary appendix. C028. Michel, Antoine La mission duC. Ge.. . . . nera C€daouvillie a Vomingue.

4020. Debien, Gabriel. Les colons de Saint- Port-au-Prince, 1929-. 270 p i us

Domingue et la révolution, essai sur le The only volume to appear of five projected. An acClub Massiac (aout 1789-aott 1792). count documented from the Price-Mars collection of Paris, 1953. 414 p. bibl. (His La Société the mission of Hédouville, sent to Saint-Domingue coloniale aux xvii et xviii® siécles 2). by the Directory after the expulsion of Commissioner A solid, painstaking doctoral thesis on the struggle of SOnthonax.

colons and proprietors to achieve colonial autonomy . ; and to maintain the slave trade, slavery, and color 5. The British West Indies (Graham Knox)

372 INDEPENDENCE a. General Barclay’s work was written specifically to counter James Stephen’s work on slavery. It summarizes ade-

4029. Stewart, John. A view of the past and quately the views of the planter class.

present state of the island of Jamaica: 4034. Bickell, Richard. The West Indies as with remarks on the moral and physical they are, or a real picture of slavery, but condition of the slaves and on the aboli- more particularly as it exists in the island

tion of slavery in the colonies. Edin- of Jamaica. London, 1825. 256 p.

burgh, 1823. 363 p. A work of considerable merit by an Anglican clergy-

A contemporary view of Jamaican conditions during man stationed in Jamaica, who unlike most of his the first three decades of the nineteenth century with colleagues in the Church of England is highly critical interesting views on society and the impact of slavery of the institution of slavery and the poor leadership

by a long-term resident. offered by the white residents of the colony whom he characterizes as “unchristian”’ and “‘brutish.”’ It avoids

4030. Walker, James. Letters on the West the usual bias of both extremes and provides valuable

Indies. London, 1818. 268 p. insights into pre-Emancipation Jamaican society.

The author was a West Indian proprietor with experience in Trinidad and Tobago, who, surprisingly 4035. Bleby » Henry. Death struggles of slav-

enough, favored the British government's attempts to ery being a narrative of facts and inciregulate colonial affairs and ameliorate slavery in the dents which occurred in a British colony

belief that this would forestall abolition (which he . . .

greatly feared), by making slavery tolerable to the curing the two years immeaiate’y 4 re Negro. He was unusual in that he did not particularly ceding Negro emancipation. ondon, resent “interference” with his ‘‘property rights,” be- 1853. 304 p.

cause most British West Indian slave holders usually As the title suggests, this is a detailed story of the complained bitterly about any measures that would _ planter resistance to emancipation in Jamaica. It is disrupt their absolute control over the bondsmen. also a spirited defense of the role of the Baptist missionaries during this period, particularly at the time

b. Slavery, the Slave Trade, Emancipation of the 1831 slave rebellion by a missionary resident

of seventeen years. Considerable attention is devoted

, to describing the terroristic methods used by the

i. Documents slaveowners to intimidate the Negro masses and the 4031. Beaumont, Augustus H. Slave law of = S?078°S: Jamaica with proceedings and documents 4036. Bridges, George W. The annals of

relative thereto. London, 1828. 263 p. Jamaica. London, 1827-1828. 2 v.

Contains the complete Jamaican slave codes of 1816 One of the most virulent defenses of slavery and the and 1826, the adoption of which was virtually forced “rights” of the West Indian slavocracy by an Angliupon the Jamaican Assembly by the British Crown. can clergyman and slaveowner resident in Jamaica. Beaumont’s general position is that the codes demon- __ Bridges played a leading role later in the formation of strate that Jamaica has legislated adequately to protect the ‘‘Colonial Church Union,” which like the ‘“‘volun-

the slave and that henceforth the British Government tarios’”” in Cuba, was a paramilitary organization should desist from enacting new measures to control formed to terrorize those elements in the island (par-

West Indian slavery. ticularly the nonconformist missionaries) which fa4032. Williams, Eric E., ed. Documents on "4 reforming or abolishing slavery.

British West Inévan Bris ell 833. 4037. Burnley, William H. Opinions on Port of Spain, Irin., 1952. 406 p. | slavery and emancipation in 1823. LonA collection of documents comprising the more im- don. 1833. 99 portant correspondence between the colonial gover- ; ° : p- ; .

nors and the authorities in England relating to such Bitter attack on Canning’s antislavery pronouncement matters as the slave trade, slave codes, amelioratory of 1823 and Lord Bathurst's amelioratory legislation legislation, slave revolts, the status of the free coloreds of the early 1820's for the Crown Colonies, such as and Jews, the hostility of the white colonists to metro- Trinidad, by one of the leading planters of the Eastern politan “interference” in West Indian affairs some of Caribbean. Burnley, of Empire loyalist background, which bordered on a desire to break the British con- W@S Sharply critical of British policy in general, which

nection. and the drive to end slaverv. 1823-1833 he said would bring ruination to the West Indies. The

. cipation plan of 1833.

vues second part is a denunciation of Lord Stanley’s emanii. Contemporary Accounts, Slavery 4038. De la Beche, Sir Henry T. Notes on

4033. Barclay, Alexander. A practical view the present condition of the Negroes in of the present state of slavery in the West Jamaica. London, 1825. 63 p. Indies. London, 1826. 462 Pp. Contains useful observations on the slave codes and

A strenuous defense of slavery written by one of the slavery conditions during the period when there was leaders of the Jamaican movement to resist Britain’s mounting Parliamentary intervention in the British efforts to ameliorate and then abolish the institution. West Indian colonies to ameliorate the conditions of

THE CARIBBEAN 373 servitude and to alleviate the conditions of the free on the progress of emancipation in the West Indies.

coloreds and the Jews. He visited Jamaica, Barbados, and Antigua commend-

"a , together with apprenticeship. ership. London, 1839. 304 p. . ;

4039. M’Mahon, Benjamin. Jamaica plant- ing the planters in the latter colony for dispensing alStrongly worded indictment of the planter ruling class 4044. Madden, Richard R. A twelvemonth S

and its treatment of Jamaican Negro slaves and the residence in the West Indies during the

lesser white officials on the estates by an Irishman who transition from slavery to apprenticeship. originally migrated to theSim6n CaribbeanBolivar. to serve in Gran Philadelphia, 1835. 2 v*: ; “aege ; Colombia under M’Mahon worked for eighteen years as a bookkeeper and overseer on Valuable observations of conditions on Jamaican

5 4 di fet t d fie tates. Hi +t plantations at the time of abolition by an Irish medical

some Mee ee SUB AL ane’ CoMee estates. Tis WIil- practitioner who served briefly as a stipendiary magisings show the strong prejudices manifested towardthe trate until irate planters complained to the governor

sh by the Engush and Scotts planters and local of his partiality toward the Negro apprentices and olicials as well as his empathy for the slaves. ; succeeded in having him removed from his post. Mad-

4040. Roughley, Thomas. The Jamaica den later served in Habana as a British member of the planter’s guide: or a system for planting mixed commission handling the Emancipados.

and managing a sugar estate or other 4045. Milner, Thomas H. The present and plantations in that island . . . London, future state of Jamaica considered. Lon-

1823. 420 p. don, 1839. 96 p.

Compiled as a guide to sugar plantation management Survey of the emancipation period with an assessment where the author stresses the need for the application of the success of the ““Great Experiment.” Milner can of more scientific techniques. While in no way ques- be considered an example of the more moderate eletioning the need to preserve slavery he strongly urges ment in the planter class who came to accept emanciplanters to adopt incentives other than coercion to pation as a fait accompli and were prepared to permit obtain an adequate labor return from their slaves. Im- the nonwhite element to exercise political power pro-

portant because it stresses the uneconomical means of vided the transition period was gradual, property cultivation and harvesting used by the average island rights were guaranteed, and Anglo-Saxon cultural

planter. influences continued to dominate the everyday life of 4041. Stephen, James. The slavery of the he colony. British West India colonies deline- 4046. Senior, Bernard M. Jamaica as it was,

ated . . . London, 1824-1830. 2 v. as it is, as it may be. London, 1835. 313 p.

An able critique of slavery by a one-time lawyer and Valuable account of Jamaican conditions a year after resident of the eastern Caribbean who became William apprenticeship came into effect. The author was a reWilberforce’s brother-in-law and a member of the _ tired British military officer who was generally critical Clapham sect. His son, who later served as permanent Of the system.

under-secretary of state for the colonies, 1836-1849, 4047, Sturge, Joseph, and Thomas Hervey. crew up the emancipation pian of 1833. Stephen ~The West Indies in 1837. London, 1838. senior made a detailed study of the origins of slavery

and the legal and economic status of the British slaves 476 p. maps. -

and concluded that slavery not only was cruel but also Two English Quakers survey the condition of the had tremendously harmful effects upon the Negroes. Negro under apprenticeship in the British islands of

Antigua, Montserrat, Dominica, St. Lucia, Barbados,

iii. Contemporary Accounts and Jamaica. For the most part they are critical of the

Emancipation ° operation of “half-slavery” and their reportelements was one Pp of the factors that convinced the missionary . . and the Colonial Office officials in Britain that ap-

4042. Gurney » Joseph J. A winter in the prenticeship should be ended immediately without

West Indies. London, 1840. 282 p. illus. being allowed to run the full eight years envisioned by Another study of conditions during the transitional the Abolition Act of 1833. Sturge was one of the era of apprenticeship undertaken by an English founders of the British and Foreign Anti-Slavery So-

Quaker for the British Society of Friends. According ciety and later visited the United States to popularize to Gurney, who spent most of his time in Jamaica and the success of the Great Experiment in the British the Leeward Islands, freedom would work well pro- Empire.

vided the planter regime refrained from oppressing . and intimidating the apprentices and the freedmen. 4048. Thome, J ames A., and J. H. Kimball.

| L fF h Emancipation in the West Indies: a six

4043. Hovey, Sy ester. etlers 7 rom the months’ tour in Antigua, Barbados and West Indies relating especially to the = Jamaica in the year 1837. N.Y., 1838. Danish island of Saint Croix, and the 489 p. map British islands, Antigua, Barbados and Survey of conditions under apprenticeship in the

Jamaica. N.Y., 1838. 212 p. British West Indies by two American Quakers with a

The author was a mathematics teacher at Amherst view to showing that emancipation was working well College in New England who visited the Caribbean in the British colonies and was feasible in the United on behalf of the American Society of Friends toreport States. It is particularly useful for comparing condi-

374 INDEPENDENCE tions in three of Britain’s major sugar colonies of the 4054. Underhill, Edward B. Life of James

early nineteenth century. Mursell Phillippo: missionary in Jamaica. 4049. Wallbridge, Edwin A. The Demerara London, 1881. 436 p.

martyr: memoirs of the Reverend John Important biography of another outstanding Baptist Smith . . . London, 1848. 274 p. missionary who was acontemporary of Knibb and like

A life history of the first evangelical to die for the the latter worked to further the establishment of a free abolition cause. The author defends his role during N€8ro peasantry at the end of the apprenticeship perithe slave rebellion of 1823 and castigates the planters 04 when i appeared oan that the planters had not

for their extreme cruelty during the repression that ended their Poon “ol pannes to use coercion as the followed the uprising as well as their efforts to purge >@S!¢ means of control. The author was a one-time secthe colony of missionary influences. Unfortunately "etary of the British Baptist Society who later played a

there is no documentation of any kind. very significant role in Jamaican history.

4050. Williams, James. A narrative of 4055. Wesley, Charles H. The emancipation events since the first day of August, of the free colored population in the Brit-

1834, by an apprenticed labourer in ish Empire. JNH. v. 19, Apr., 1934: 137-

Jamaica. 3 ed. London, 1837. 30 p. 170.

Description of conditions in Jamaica under appren- Account of the struggle for full civil liberties for free ticeship including his own unfortunate experiences by men of color waged primarily in Jamaica by the cola Negro apprentice who was sent to England by mis- oreds and the white missionaries in the 1820’s and early sionary sympathizers to enlist support for an early 1830’s but aided significantly by liberal sympathizers end to the apprenticeship system. This tract had con- inthe United Kingdom.

iderable influence in arousing sentiment in favor of eure . “4: immediate freedom. me 4056. Williams, Eric E. The British West In-

dian slave trade after its abolition in 1807.

iv. Secondary Works, Slavery JNH. v. 27, no. 2, April, 1942: 175-191. . . Describes the interisland slave trade in the Caribbean and Emancipation involving British West Indian slaves that took place aE . : after Britain abolished her imperial slave trade in 1807.

4051. Burn, Wi Ham 1 man cipation and Although the movement of slaves to and from most apprenticeship in the Britis West Indies. British territories was quasi-legal until 1825 —when

London, 1937. 398 p. bibl. restrictions were imposed that limited any transferral

To date the most comprehensive survey of the par- of domestic servants—many Negroes were sold at liamentary campaign to legislate slavery out of exis- considerable profit to such foreign areas as Cuba tence and the operation of the so-called apprenticeship while the newly acquired colonies of Trinidad and system, 1834-1838, which was designed to serve asa _ British Guiana received thousands of new plantation transitional phase between bondage and freedom. The slaves from the relatively overcrowded islands of author, who carried out considerable research using Barbados and Antigua.

primary sources, concludes that apprenticeship, while a

successfully ending slavery without undue violence, 4057. Williams, Eric E. Capitalism and slavwas largely unsuccessful in achieving its other goals. ery. N.Y., 1944. 285 p. bibl. 4052. Hinton, John H. Memoir of William — This is a substantial work on the forces behind the aboK nibb: missionary in Jamaica. London lition movement in the British Empire that debunks

1847; p. 562 the popular of British abolitionism stillabout taught oo" .>British high view schools (namely that it came asina

Biography based on manuscripts in the British Baptist result of moral fervor sweeping the British Isles in the

Society’s archives but undocumented dealing with early nineteenth century). Williams argues that the perhaps the most outstanding and certainly the most _ principal reasons were economic, closely tied up with radical of the antislavery missionaries in Jamaica the industrial revolution and the need for wider marduring the agitation over abolition and apprenticeship. —_ kets that could come only through the adoption of free

Approximately a half of the biography deals with trade and the ending of the preferential duties enjoyed Knibb’s activities up to 1838 and includes excerpts by the producers of cane sugar within the empire. Exfrom a number of letters that Knibb wrote to the So- tensive documentation.

ciety and the Colonial Office that had considerable ; effect in the United Kingdom. 4058. Wright, James M. History of the Ba4053. Mathieson, William L. British slavery | ama Islands with a special study of the

and its abolition, 1823-1838. London. abolition of slavery in the colony. Balti-

1926. 318 p. | more, 1905. 583 p.

Characterized by Lowell J. Ragatz (one of the pioneers | Deals with the attempts to ameliorate slavery, the aboof West Indian studies) as a mediocre study lacking in _ ition of the slave trade and slavery, together with the any fundamental original research, Mathieson’s study _ Political struggles between the governors and the Asis still one of the two standard works on the subject of | sembly brought on by the British government's efforts

emancipation in the English-speaking Caribbean de- to legislate on such matters. It also takes up the quesspite the rather pronounced anti-Negro bias of the tion of the illicit slave trade that flourished in the Ba-

author. hamas after 1807 and affected the colony’s relations

THE CARIBBEAN 375 with both the United States and Cuba. The documen- 408 p.

tation is good. An account of an absentee Scottish slave-owner’s two . visits to grade his estates in Jamaica and his efforts to upc. iinsurrections the conditions of his slaves. Lewis is considered to represent a small minority of relatively enlightened

4059, Barbados. House of Assembly . The re- West Indian planters in the pre-emancipation period port from a select committee of the House who, although disposed to support slavery as a necesof the Assembly of Barbados to inquire sary evil, were not opposed to the amelioration of the into the origin, causes and progress of the Slaves lives even if it had to be accomplished by metro-

late insurrection. Barbados [1817] 63 politan intervention. In order to solicit better work

I - tion of material incentives for the customary corpo-

Review carried out by. the planter dominated eco habits from his slaves, Lewis favored the substitubctlion in T816. which dectroved about thres oie ral punishment and other forms of physical coercion.

ters of a million dollars’ worth of property andresulted 4064. Nugent, Maria (Skinner). Lady Nuin the death of about 400 slaves (most of whom were gent’s journal, Jamaica one hundred and

killed during the repression). The assemblymen thirty-eight years ago. London, 1939. 404 charged that the revolt had been inspired by the Hai- p. illus., maps tian precedent and rumors of freedom propagated by ; . ; ws , , ;

ao . ee Account of general in Jamaica by the .wife the elements andconditions newspapers in the British athe Islesmissionary of a high-ranking British army officer stationed in colony, 1801-1815. Valuable for its observations on 4060. Bryant, Joshua. Account of an insur- the impact of the Haitian revolution in the British Carection of the negro slaves in the colony ribbean as well as conditions under slavery. The diary of Demerara which broke out the 18th of 28 first published for private circulation in 1839 five

August, 1823. Georgetown, Demerara, y

1824. 125 p. 6. The Netherlands and Danish

A fifteen-year resident of Guyana describes how the West Indies (G raham Knox) Negro conspiracy was betrayed by a mulatto slave

and takes the view that the evangelical missionary ; John Smith was at least partly guilty of instigating the a. Revolutionary Currents and the outbreak. He also describes the measures taken by avery Question the local planters to prevent a recurrence. . .. 4061 7, bull C don. A ' , f th 4065. Einaar, Johan F. Bijdrage tot de ken-

eevolt an 7 * eurrection athe L ‘ 0 1 ¥ nis van het Engelsch tusschenbestuur van Grenada. London. 1796. 183 p Stand O Suriname, 1804-1816. Leiden, 1934.

1/96. of 7 the 227 p. agents in ae ; An account ofyn, the activities Jacobin the British Windward Islands during the early years of Short Se Sinden divine Nan of tne Dutch the French Revolution under the leadership of Victor y . 5 ; P P oy Hugues, the mulatto commissioner of the FrenchJaco- 4066. Goslinga, Cornelis C. Emancipatie en bin Republic in Guadeloupe. The author claims that, emancipator. Assen, 1956. 187 p. bibl. while the Negro slaves in St. Vincent rallied to the Study of slavery in the Dutch Caribbean

British side against pro-French Caribs, their counter- oo

parts in Grenada joined the free coloreds and the 4067. Trier, Carl A. Det Dansk-Vestindiske French planters in thew attempt to oust the British Negerinforselsforbud af 1792. Historisk

Planters trom ine istane Tidsskrift. Se. 7, v. 5, 1905: 405-508.

d. .Society dCul Scholarly and well-documented article onVirgin the Danish and Culture edict abolishing the slave trade to the Islands 4062. Carmichael. Mrs. A. C. Domestic man and the reasons why the measure was not put into ef-

. 9 DUAN Se The We fae fect until 1802. ners andand theNegro socialpopulation conditionofof white, 4068. W 7 Bom, det coloured thethe . West, Hans. beretning det dansk dans!

Indies. L Eiland, St. Croix1833. 1 Vestindien, West Indies. London, 2 v. fra Juni-

A frequently quoted survey of conditions in the British maaned 1789 til Junimaaneds Udgang West Indies — particularly Trinidad and St. Vincent — 1790. Maanendskriftet Iris. July, 1791: during the last years of slavery. It gives considerable 1-88. insight et the attitudes of the local white oligarchy Significant article on the plantation economy of the a planter’s wife who was resident in the area foraumnum.there ons’as West nies ceteacher. pased ‘Ir the autherbecause ° vane West's a school Important West's ber of years and unlike most of the other planter wives opinions were solicited by the Danish government

was a keen observer of her environment. when it was studying the possibility of abolishing the

. slave trade. West later expanded the article into a book

F009. TEMS, watt o. ourna of a vest on the Danish Antilles entitled Bidrag til Besknivelse India proprietor Kept auring a residence = gyer Saint Croix, which was published in Copenhagen in the island of Jamaica. London, 1834. in 1793.

PART VI. LATIN AMERICA SINCE INDEPENDENCE A. Mexico STANLEY R. Ross

Of all of the nations that emerged from the dissolution of the Spanish Empire in America, Mexico has been one of the most fortunate, in terms of national historiography. The Mexicans are a people who live close to their history, and many of their historians have devoted their energies with skill and grace to recapturing, describing, and interpreting the nation’s past. Clio’s Mexican practitioners have not all approached their task with the same philosophical orientation. In the nineteenth century, divergent views were most likely to be cast in the molds of liberalism or conservatism. Perhaps the dichotomy is best epitomized by the writings of two who played leading roles in the opposing political factions of their day—-José Maria Luis Mora, a founder of the Liberal

Party and one of its key ideologues, and outstanding conservative Lucas Alaman. More recently, while the liberal-conservative dichotomy persists and colors much of Mexican historical writing, the tone of Mexican historiography has been set by devotees of idealism and existentialism (Edmundo O’Gorman), of dialectical materialism and other Marxian concepts (Jests Silva Herzog, José Mancisidor, and Soviet scholars like M. S. Al’perovich), and of the scientific research school (Daniel Cosio Villegas and Silvio Zavala). Any list of historians who have significantly influenced Mexican historiography must also include the name of Justo Sierra, distinguished educator and man of letters. Until quite recent times, the institutional impetus to historical scholarship was less important than the efforts of individuals. However, La Sociedad Mexicana

de Geografia y Estadistica has been a sustained force through its meetings, special congresses, and publications since its founding in 1833. The modern version of the Society’s Boletin dates from 1939. La Academia Mexicana de Historia was organized in 1919 as a corresponding branch of the Royal Academy of History in Madrid. It earlier influence was limited by the concentration of its few members in the Mexican capital and its almost exclusive attention to colonial matters. However, with the establishment of its quarterly Memorias in 1942, the Academy’s influence began to grow. Beginning in 1933, El Congreso Mexicano de Historia has organized biennial meetings of Mexican historians in different provincial capitals. La Sociedad Mexicana de la Historia (1943) and the Junta Investigaciones Historicas (1946)—both efforts of a vigorous generation of younger historians being trained at El Colegio de México—the Escuela Nacional de Antropologia e Historia, and the National University stimulated historical research and publication and represented steps toward the institutionalization and professionalization of Mexican historical writing. The work of El Colegio de México and of the Universidad Nacional Auto-

MEXICO 377 noma de México in training investigators and sponsoring research and publication helps to explain why Mexico is viewed as a model among Latin American nations by foreign historians. UNAM established the Instituto de Historia to collect, store, and preserve historical materials, to conduct historical research, and to provide the means for publication of significant studies. The Department of History of the Facultad de Filosofia y Letras has the responsibility for training the new generation of teachers and scholars. El Colegio de México trained a whole new group of outstanding young scholars through its Centro de Estudios Histéricos, while its Seminars on Modern and Contemporary Mexican History have served as research vehicles for the preparation of basic research tools and, in the case of the first named group, a monumental history of a period. Both institutions also have contributed scholarly journals — Historia Mexicana, now the premier journal of Mexican history, published quarterly since 1951 by El Colegio, and the National University’s Anuario de Historia initiated in 1961.

Two other institutions devoted to sponsoring studies of the contemporary period are the government-sponsored Instituto de Estudios Historicos de la Revolucién Mexicana, which has published almost two score volumes on a variety of subjects related to Mexico’s twentieth-century revolution, and the Patronato de la Historia de Sonora, which under Manuel Gonzalez Ramirez’ guidance has undertaken to publish documentary materials and interpretative analyses more national in character than might be expected from its designation.

Perhaps most encouraging for future research and historical writing is the number of institutions that are devoting time, talent, money, and space to the collection, ordering, and preservation of historical materials. Of primary importance are the historical archives of the principal governmental departments: Foreign Relations, National Defense, and Treasury. The Archivo General de la Nacion, tremendously rich in colonial materials, also has substantial nineteenthcentury materials and some official governmental documents from the first quarter of the twentieth century.

Without pretending completeness, but in an effort to suggest the diversity and extent of institutional efforts to preserve and make available important historical material, there follows a list.of selected institutions and the illustrative collections they now hold: Banco de México (Papers of Matias Romero and Ig-

nacio Luis Vallarta), Secretaria de Hacienda y Crédito Publico (Papers of Franciso I. Madero), Museo Nacional de Antropologia y Historia (Microfilm of Provincial Archives), Instituto de Historia de la Universidad Nacional Aut6noma de México (Papers of Emiliano Zapata and Francisco Le6én de la Barra), and the Biblioteca de México (Basave Collection on the Mexican Revolution).

The Archivo General de la Nacion, which began publishing its Boletin in 1930, has important materials relating to the national period in addition to its rich store of colonial materials. Its annex in Tacubaya, the Casa Amarilla, has a fine collection of nineteenth-century materials particularly relevant to the period of

the reform. Various governmental departments maintain important historical archives related to that dependency’s past: the Archivo Histérico de Hacienda and the Archivo de la Secretaria de Relaciones Exteriores. In the United States, the Bancroft Library and the Garcia Collection of The University of Texas are rich in nineteenth-century materials. Other rich depositories of Mexican material include the Library of Congress, the New York Public Library, and Columbia University with a fine collection of revolutionary pamphlet materials. For general bibliographical material on Mexican history, see Part I, above.

378 SINCE INDEPENDENCE 1. Bibliographies and Guides publications: a guide to the more impor-

a tant publications of the national govern-

4069. Carrera Stampa, Manuel. Misiones ment of Mexico, 1821-1936. Washington, mexicanas en archivos europeos. Méxi- 1940. 333 p co, 1949. x, 120 Pp. (Instituto Panameri- This is a highly useful, exemplary, and almost exhauscano de Geografia € Historia. Comision tive bibliography of source materials based on an exde Historia 8. Misiones americanas en amination of the holdings of the Library of Congress,

los archivos europeos 1). Bancroft, New York Public, Columbus Memorial, a

Description of the important archival missions, both number of U.S. university libraries, and over a score official and otherwise, seeking Mexican materials in ©! Mexican libraries and archives. Included are guides European archives. Among the official missions are [© the Diario Oficial, Diario de los Debates of the those conducted by Francisco del Paso y Troncoso, /egislative chambers, presidential messages, and the Luis G. Urbina, Eulalia Guzman, and Silvio Zavala. "eorias of the various cabinet secretaries. Material Other efforts reported are those of P. Mariano Cuevas, ©" the judicial branch is brief, but there is a compila-

I. Davila Garibi, and Ernesto de la Torre Villar. tion of the reports of the President of the Supreme

, 8. Court. Missing are sources related to the government

4070. Castillo, Ignacio B. del. Bibliografia de — of the Second Empire.

la revolucion mexicana de 1910-1916. 4975, Leén, Nicolas. Bibliografia bibliogra-

Mexico, 1918. 92 p. . fica mexicana. Primera parte. México

One the first bibliographies of theand revolutionary 66 ° now of largely superseded by Ramos Gonzalez,era this1923. fas Pp.

volume provides a guide to 797 titles, largely political A/though largely displaced by more recent compilain nature. The compiler furnishes a brief description of tions, this pioneering work deserves mention. It con-

the content of each entry. sists of bibliographies of Mexicans or about Mexico

; ; ; ; arranged alphabetically by author. Also included are

4071. Cosio Villegas, Daniel. La _ historio- catalogs of booksellers. The second part was never grafia politica del México moderno. Mé- __ published.

x1c0, 1953.91 p. . | 4076. Monroy Huitrén, Guadalupe. Archivo

Revised and augmented (858 entries) version of a suc- hist6rico de Matias Romero. Catdlogo cinct oflife theofcontributions of published d or Méxi 1965.7 worksappreciation on the political the Porfirian era, which | escriptivo. Mexico, 64 Pp.

first appeared in Extremos de América (México, 1949), The first of two volumes cataloging the important Enlarged presentation includes a short critical discus- archive of Matias Romero (1837-1899), this excellent sion of the major secondary treatments of “modern” Work provides a guide to correspondence received Mexico as well as printed sources related to the peri- down to 1872 when Romero left the Treasury post.

od 1867-1911. Over 18,000 titles are ordered chronologically with an

indication of sender, place of origin, date, number of

4072. Gonzalez y Gonzalez, Luis, Guadalupe 28S; and summary of content. The editor, in a fine Monroy, Luis Luis M °iviunro, ds , Urib prologue, analyzes the archive and its importance and an usana FIDE. relates its history. A second volume is in preparation.

Fuentes de la historia contemporanea de . a

México: libros y folletos. México, 1961— 4077. Naranjo, Francisco. Diccionario bio-

1962.3 Vv. , grafico revolucionario México, 1935. 317

These monumental volumes constitute a basic analyti- p. bibl.

cal and systematic bibliographical guide to more than Imperfect but useful guide to biographical data on rev24,000 books and pamphlets related to the contempo- _olutionary participants. The volume also contains all

rary development of Mexico. Materials are organized revolutionary plans and pronouncements from La in topical sections covering every aspect of Mexico’s Noria(1871) tothe Plan Vasconcelista (1929). political, economic, social, and cultural life. Bibli-

ographical and publication data are given for each 4078. Parsons, Mary D., and Roberto A. Gorentry, and descriptive and evaluative comment is pro- dillo. Directorio de bibliotecas de la Ciuvided for many. The initial volume includes a superb dad de México. México, 1958. 95 p. illus. preliminary study of the history of Mexican bibliogra- _ Bilingual directory providing a guide to more than 100

phy by the principal compiler. libraries in the Mexican capital. Included is such in-

, , , oa formation as addresses, date of establishment, hours

4073. Guzman y Raz Guzman, Jesus. Biblio- of operation, names of librarians in charge, availability grafia de la reforma, la intervencion y el _ of English-speaking personnel, number of volumes and imperio. México, 1930-1931. 2 v. (Mono- periodicals, and special services. Collection descrip-

y “11: > oo tions, unfortunately, tend to be so general as to be of

a bibliograficas mexicanas, 17 and limited utility to the serious investigator. Despite organizational difficulties, these volumes con- 4079. Potash, Robert A. Historiography of

stitute the most ample and useful bibliography of Mexico since 1821. HAHR. v. 40, Aug.

books, articles, and pamphlets on the Reform. 1960: 383-424. : °

4074. Ker, Annita M. Mexican government This is an extremely valuable historiographical study

MEXICO 379 in which the author provides a critical guide to the prin- 4084. Arrangoiz y Berzabal, Francisco de cipal writings on Mexican national history by Mexicans Paula de. Méjico desde 1808 hasta 1867. and non-Mexicans. In addition, he underscores his- Madrid. 1871-1872. 4 1¢ -4V. toriographical trends as related to institutional develViadrid, opments, fields and topics, and interpretations and Political and diplomatic account by a well-informed methods over the past four decades. Lacunae in the ‘dividual who occupied key posts in both Mexico and existing literature are pointed out, and Potash offers Europe. This work represents an expansion of the some thoughtful suggestions for future research. author’s Apuntes para la historia del segundo imperio

. . mejicano (Madrid, 1869), in which he sought to de-

4080. Ramos, Roberto. Bibliografia de la _ fend the Conservative Party. In the enlarged work he Revoluci6én Mexicana. México, 1959-—_ relied heavily on Lucas Alaman.

1960. 3 v. (Biblioteca del Instituto Na- 4085. Bernstein, Harry. Modern and conciona vc Estudios Slistoricos America. Philadelphia, ucion Mexicana 15).delaRevo1952.temporary 717 p. Latin illus.

Originally published (1931, 1935, and 1940) as nos. The Mexican section of this unusual text covering 21 and 30 of the Monografias bibliograficas mexi- selected countries of the region reflects the author’s

canas series and no. 9 of Bibliografias mexicanas and personal research and offers excellent insights to Mexbased principally on the holdings of the National Li- — jcg’s past and development. Chapters four through six brary, this has been a traditional guide covering almost are especially significant for understanding Mexican 4,000 works published:between 1910 and 1937. Inthe regionalism and intellectual history.

new edition’s third volume the compiler has added . ; ;

some additional titles published subsequent to 1940. 4086. Cosmes, Francisco G. Historia general

4081. Ross, Stanley R., comp. Fuentes de la Oe Be OS MOS 301 1909 a historia contemperanea de México: perio- Th; vesent fort t 4 ation of di istas. México. 1965—1967 us represents an €! ort to provide a continuation 9. aaVv. Ly revistas. ’ - Niceto de Zamacois’s Historia de MéjiDIDI. co... and, indeed, carriesmultivolumed the description “‘continuaA valuable research tool, this publication provides an cidn ala de Don Niceto de Zamacois. Parte contemanalytical guide in more than 27,000 entries to articles | poranea.”’

of a historical nature appearing in over 200 Spanish s ° .

language newspapers, magazines, and journals pub- ate Marea ranados, Ricardo. Historia lished in Mexico and the southwestern part of the e Mexico desde la restauracion de la United States between 1908 and 1958. Materials are Republica en 1867 hasta la caida de organized chronologically and topically focusing on Huerta. 1. ed. completa. México, 1956.

the Diaz period and the revolutionary developments IV down to 1940. Prepared with the collaboration of ae ; ; Alicia Bazan Alarcon, Lilia Diaz Lopez, Fernando hese atve “Oneine or Mejican history from 1367 Zertuche, Lucila Flamand, and Maria de Jests Viiginally published in »Huerta the new , edition includes material Madero and de la Maza de Maynez, etCubas al.rougn ~on;| -the administrations as well as an account of the movement

4082. Valverde Tellez, Emeterio. Biobiblio- led by Carranza against Huerta.

grafia ecclesiastica mexicana, 1821— 4088. Junco, Alfonso. Un siglo de México:

1943. Mexico, 1949-1954. 3 v. (Colec- de Hidalgo a Carranza. 5. ed. México,

_cion de estudios historicos). _ 1963. (Colecciédn México heréico 16).

Mpnasizes | ,; p. illus.

Biobibliographical guide that emphasizes the biblio- 94] ll graphical aspect, but each cleric is identified with a This is a polemical vol but ful for it

brief biographical entry. The first two volumes are de- tation of i" ical VO tive. d Cathol OF Its eof the voted to bishops of the national period, while the final hi tor; | de slooment of Me ano ih view te th volume focuses on writers among the priests. The proj- 1S tary evelopment oO exico im the nineteen ect was initiated by Mons. Valverde Téllez, Bishop of century.

Nuevo Leon, but was completed by Bravo Ugarte. 4089. Molina Enriquez, Andrés. Los grandes

4083. Vance, John T., and Helen L. Clagett. problemas nacionales. México, 1909.

A guide to the law and legal literature of _ 361 Pp. _ | | | |

Mexico. Washington, 1945. 269 p. bibl. This volume is considered a classic because it consti-

US. Lib FC Latin A . tuted a comprehensive study of both the agrarian prob-

(U.S. Li 6). of Congress, Amerijem and the social structure of Mexico. In addition, Can series 0). thereLatin is the importance derived from the author’s in-

The authors begin with a historical study in an effort fluential role in determining the direction that agrarian to explain the environment in which the legal concepts _ reform actually took.

developed. The volume contains an enumeration of . publications relevant to such material from encyclo- 4090. Tannenbaum, Frank. Mexico: the

pedias and dictionaries to particular laws. struggle for peace and bread. N.Y., 1950. 293 p. map.

2. General Against a brief history of the nation’s evolution, the

author provides a penetrating and stimulating analysis

380 SINCE INDEPENDENCE of Mexican thinking down to about 1950 relative to 471 p. (Publicaciones de la Universidad land, labor, and foreign policy. ‘Benito Juarez” de Oaxaca) There is aproperty, criticaleducation, discussion of the drive for economic ; ws i

: . A history of Oaxaca, principally political and chrono-

development in the period since 1940. logical in treatment, in which the author focuses on 4091. Tannenbaum, Frank. Peace by revo- the arerebendence period, the Piaz regime, and 1933,.316 nana of Mexico. N.Y., the devoted to the most recent subject with Iturribarria ; . pan seeking to refute charge that Oaxaquefios were While badly outdated, this volume is still useful for anemics of the Revolution. . 4

an: . . : e Revolution o . Almost half of the volume is

some of its interpretative insights. In addition, since ; . . ;

Tannenbaum traveled extensively in Mexico and was 4097. Martinez, Pablo L. Historia de Baja in very close contact with Mexican leaders, the volume California. 2. ed. México, 1956. 591 p. represents historical material in a pure sense—the illus. formed meauborary views of an intelligent and in- This is a useful effort at a comprehensive history of

Lower California. Although scantily documented, the

4092. Texas. University. Institute of Latin author has brought together much useful material, both American Studies. Essays in Mexican his- old and new, and made excellent use of pictorial and

way: other visual representations. tory: the Charles Wilson Hackett memo- : ;

rial volume. Thomas E. Cotner, ed. Aus- 4098. Mendizabal, Miguel O. de. Obras com-

tin, 1958. 309 p. pletas. México, 1946-1947. 6 v. illus.,

The essays in this volume vary widely in theme and maps. —

quality. Some nine of the contributions are scholarly This collection of studies, many of which appeared studies of nineteenth-century themes. Many appear to _ originally before 1940, firmly establishes the author as

bear a direct relationship to dissertations prepared, at a penetrating student of the problems of the social and

least in part, under Hackett’s direction. economic history of Mexico. Many of his essays

pointed the way to new paths of historical investiga-

° tion, specifically in terms of his study of the textile in3. Regional dustry, mining and metallurgy, and the evolution of 4093. Alessio Robles, Vito. Coahuila y Texas SPe*tfic regions of the country. desde la consumaci6n de la independen- 4099. Menéndez, Carlos R. Noventa anos

cia hasta el tratado de paz de Guada- de historia de Yucatan (1821-1910). lupe Hidalgo. México, 1945-1946. 2 v. Mérida, 1937. 581 p.

illus., maps. A synthetic and chronological account of the principal

As a sequel to the author’s Coahuila y Texas en la vents occurring in the Peninsula of Yucatan from época colonial (1938), Alessio Robles provides arich, 1821 until 1910. The volume includes an appendix solid history of Coahuila and Texas from 1821 to With reproductions of significant documents relative 1848. In effect, the volumes are also a history of the _ to the nineteenth-century history of the area.

relations between the United States and Mexico in 4100. Williams, Mary W. Secessionist di-

the period ofcountries. the Texas Revolution and thein-war be- IcOfucatan. Y t HAHR 9M tween the two The author is primarily piomacy - Vv. 7, May, terested in political and military events. This is a major 1929: 132-143. . work and will long be considered a standard work of | A survey of Yucatecan—U.S. relations, 1839-1848,

reference. partly based on U.S.ources. official and nonofficial MS [C.C.G. 4094. Flores D., Jorge, ed. Documentos para .

la historia de2 la California. México,- Documents AD 1940-1946. v. Baja bibl. (Papeles histéricos

mexicanos 2-3). 4101. Derechos del pueblo mexicano: Mé-

Scrupulous collection of documents related to the his- xico a través de sus constituciones. Métory for the first half of the nineteenth century of the xico. 1967. 8 v.

Baja California peninsula. The work of over one hundred scholars sponsored by

4095. Iturribarria, Jorge F. Historia de the Chamber of Deputies of the XLVI Legislature, Oaxaca. Oaxaca and México, 1935-1956. this set of volumes provides a useful source for Mexi-

Av. illus .can history. The work is divided. into . mo reeconstitutional parts: development of Mexi itution

.;.

An excellent regiona’ history focusing tae a history with a monograph on each of the nation’s conthe nineteenth century. I au 185 4 186 | and 186) Stitutions and proposed fundamental laws; the origin

point of departure and employs , » an and evolution of specific precepts of the Constitution as organizational points of division. of 1917; and exegesis of the Constitution and of the 4096. Iturribarria Jorge F Oaxaca en la whole range of commentaries on specific aspects. historia. De la época precolombina alos 4102. Fabila, Manuel. Cinco siglos de legis-

tiempos actuales. México, 1955. xxxv, lacion agraria (1493-1940). México,

MEXxIco 38] 1941. 800 p. referring to the Maximilian era were microfilmed and

Unquestionably this volume represents a major docu- brought to Mexico. With these materials and those mentary collection for the study of land appropriation used by Corti it is possible to reconstruct the interand distribution from the preconquest to the endofthe vention of Austria in the Second Empire. The editor Cardenas period. There is appended an excellent bib- has provided an excellent critical study to accompany

liography of literature on agrarian subjects. the documents presented.

4103. Garcia Cantu, Gaston. El pensamien- 4109. Weckmann, Luis. Las _relaciones to de la reaccion mexicana: historia docu- franco-mexicanas. Prefacio de Daniel mental 1810-1962. Mexico, 1965. 1022 p. Cosio Villegas. México, 1961-1962. 2 v. Selection of fundamental texts, each preceded by @ = (Archivo histérico diplomatico. Guids clarifying introduction, which define ideology la hi diplomatica ‘a dil we de Mexican conservatism. Beginning with Abad the y Quiepo para iaofhistoria de Méxi Mexico the reader is able to follow the evolution of conserva- 1-2).

tive thinking through the pronouncements of the cur- This is an excellent guide to the archive of the diplo-

rent leaders of PAN. matic mission of Mexico in France (1. 1823-1838; 2.

. 1839-1867). Arranged in chronological order, the

4104. Lara y Tor res, Leopoldo. Documentos documents, depending on importance, are reproduced

para la historia de la persecucion reli- in their entirety, in part, or in summary form. The giosa en México. México, 1954. 1104 p. documents are annotated and preceded by a critical

This volume contains most of the important documents Study. relative to the church-state conflict in Mexico. Divided

into two parts, material from before the religious con- 5. Government and Politics

flict of 1926 and that related directly to it, the volume

also contains pastoral letters and private correspond- 4110. Brandenburg, Frank R. The making ence from 1926 through 1929 of Mons. Lara y Torres, of modern Mexico. Englewood Cliffs

who resigned his diocese in Tacambaro. : ° 1964. 379 p. map.

4105. Mexico. Laws, statutes, etc. Legisla- While primarily an insider’s view of the operation of ci0on mexicana o coleccién completa de _ the Mexican governmental system, several sections las disposiciones legislativas expedidas provide historical perspective of specific developdesde ind d ia de ladeRepubli ments. An excellent source for post-World War II esde falaindependencia la . epu Ca, economic and political developments.

arreglada por Manuel Dublan y José a , , , M. Lozano. México. 1876-1904. 34 v 4111. Callcott, Wilfrid H. Liberalism in

Major collection of legislative action during the nine- Mexico, 1857-1929. Stanford, 1931. teenth century. 410 p. illus. . . . The author fulfilled with this volume his promise to

4106. Mexico. Presidente. Los presidentes carry the story of church-state relations through the de México ante la naciOn. Informes, intervention, restored republic, Porfiriato, and the manifiestos y documentos de 1821 a Revolution. While his data are hot as complete for

1966. México, 1966. 5 v. this era, the volume does provide a useful starting

A handsome set of volumes consisting of an invaluable point for a variety of related subjects.

collection of executive documents, including presi- 4112. Comas, Juan. Ensayos sobre indidential informes from 1821 throughdocuments 1966 and selected genismo. Prél. de1810 Manuel. Gamio. manifestoes and other dating from ; : . °Mé-

through 1966. xico, 1953. 272 p. illus. . , —— The volume consists of essays of a historical nature

4107. Mexico. Secretaria de Obras Publicas. on indigenism in Mexico and studies of actual indig-

Documentos para la historia de las ca- enous problems.

rreteras en Mexico. Mexico, 1964. 3 v. 4113. Scott, Robert E. Mexican govern-

These volumes contain an important and useful collec- ment in transition. Urbana. 1959. 333

tion documents laws, construction re-map, biblO1D1. °,° .. ports,of etc.) relative to (decrees, roads in Mexico. The material Pp.

covers the period from 1925 to 1963. The author seeks to describe how the Mexican poli-

tical process actually operates and how the political

P , system responds to the requirements of a country in 4108. Velazquez, Maria del Carmen. D OCU- the process of revolutionary transition to ‘‘westernmentos para la historia de México en style” democratic government. Despite some tencolecciones austriacas. México, 1963. dency to cloud matters with terminology, the author

252 p. illus. has made a real contribution to the understanding of

A careful and informative selection of documents he evolution of the Mexican political system and the from the sixteenth through the twentieth century ™anner in which it functions. related to Mexico and housed in Viennese archives

and particularly in the National Archive. The more 6. Foreign Relations important are reproduced with commentary. Those

382 SINCE INDEPENDENCE 4114. Callahan, James M. American foreign Against a background of colonial antecedents, the policy in Mexican relations. N.Y., 1932. writer studies problems of Mexico’s frontiers with the

644 States the north relative fron: Pp.maps PS. ; United tier unrest, andtocontroversies overto theterritory, course of the

This volume represents a laborious study, based on Rig Bravo; with Guatemala and British Honduras to the unpublished materials of the Department of State the south relative to the annexation of Chiapas and down to 1907 and the published volumes of Foreign Soconusco and British penetration toward Yucatan. Relations and other government documents subse- These excellent articles cover historical background, quent to that date, of over a century of Mexican- diplomatic negotiations, and formal treaties and are United States diplomatic relations. While outdated made more valuable by inclusion of extensive bibliog-

; ; . 7. Economy

by more recent research on specific periods, the raphies.

volume remains a useful starting point for many subjects of investigation in this area.

4115. Gomez Robledo, Antonio. México y

el arbitraje internacional: el fondo pia- 4120. Chavez Orozco, Luis. Historia ecodoso de las Californias, la Isla de la Pa- nomica y social de México: ensayo de

sion. El Chamizal. México, 1965. 412 interpretaciOn. México, 1938. 184 p.

p. map. (Biblioteca Porrtia 28). illus.

As the conclusion of this analytical monograph on This is a pioneering work in the field of Mexican ecothree outstanding arbitration episodes in Mexican nomic history that is surveyed from the colonial.era diplomatic history, the author underscores respect to the eve of the Madero revolution. There is also an for the juridical norm as one of the most typical char- appendix on the industrial revolution in Mexico pre-

acteristics of Mexico’s external policy. pared by Manuel German Parra.

4116. Katz, Friedrich. Deutschland, Diaz 4121. Clark, Marjorie R. Organized labor

und die mexikanische Revolution: die in Mexico. Chapel Hill, 1934. 315 p.

deutsche Politik in Mexiko, 1870-1920. illus., maps, bibl.

Berlin, 1964. 515 p. (Schriftenreihe des This volume, although outdated and limited, is the Instituts fiir Allgemeine Geschichten est available published study of pre-CTM labor de-

velopments Mexico. Covers labor organizations an der Humboldt. .Univ. Berlin.inBd. 9). “dat:

: , : aa and labor legislation.

. d; ; . co F 7 bre | co. Cultura mexicana 17).

An important historical work, Marxist in slant, based

on exhaustive multinational archival research. The 4122. Lépez Rosado, Diego G. Ensayos author examines in detail Germany’s relations with sobre la historia econémica de México

On entions toward Mexico from 1870 through México, 1957. 247 p. bibl. (Coleccion 4117. Mexico. Secretaria de Relaciones Ex- In the absence of a truly good economic history, these

teriores. Archivo historico diplomatico essays on economic conditions and economic hismexicano. México, 1923-1936, 1943— toriography provide a substitute.

1966. la. serie 40 v., 2a. serie 19 v. 4123. Manero, Antonio. La _ revolucién

This multivolume series is a major documentary col- bancaria en México: una contribucion a lection on the external relations of Mexico, princi- : . er . sy pally during the nineteenth century. Not infrequently la historia de las instituciones de crédito

individual volumes are cataloged or listed under en Mexico. Mexico, 1957. 354 Pp.

individual author or editor (i.e., G. Estrada, Un siglo A useful contribution to the history of credit institude relaciones internacionales de México a través de tions in Mexico.

los_mensajes_ presidenciales [Meéxico, 1935]; L. gyyq. Ramirez, Santiago. Noticia histdrica Chavez Orozco, y la restitucién deminera la dedelaMexico, ri . oey dde su esclavitud en México, Maximiliano 1865-1866 (México, 1961)). e la riqueza

, actual estado de explotacién. México,

4118. Rippy, J. Fred. The United States and 1884. 768 p. illus.

Mexico. N.Y., 1926. 401 p. maps, bibl. This is a good, well-documented history of mining in Although outdated to a degree by more recent re- Mexico. The publication includes a great deal of

search, this remains one of the more useful sources of — useful data.

nineteenth-century relations between Mexico and the . , .

United States. The author analyzes the factors in- 4125. Silva Herzog, Jesus. El _agrarismo fluencing the relations between the two countries, in- mexicano y la reforma agraria: exposi-

tensively examines the years 1848 and 1878, and cion y critica. México, 1959. 602 p. offers briefer coverage of other periods. (Vida y pensamiento de M éxico).

4119. Sepulveda, 4 César. Historia pro- The in author provides an anthologyphases ° Mexican agrarns Su . lan ythought its distinct historical and an Dlemas de los fimites de OAT Fro appraisal of its achievements. Emphasis is on the petera Norte. Il. Frontera Sur. - Y. 85 riod since 1910 and the question why land hunger

1958: 1-34, 145-174. persists in the country. The volume affords an in-

MEXxIco 383 valuable collection of documents on the subject. The tionary social thought and to historical evolution of

author’s interspersed comments, while often de- social problems than to postrevolutionary develop-

batable, are interesting and provocative. ments. 4126. Turlington, Edgar W. Mexico and 4132. Gaos, José. En torno a la filosofia her foreign creditors. N.Y., 1930. 449 p. mexicana. México, 1952-1953. 2 v. This volume provides a useful survey, generally con- (México y lo mexicano 7, 11). servative in view, of foreign loans in Mexico from in- [py these two small volumes the distinguished Spanish

dependence to 1930. The introductory chapter treats philosopher resident in Mexico treats of the problem of the Mexican debt as an international problem and of the elaboration of a history of ideas and its relation

is followed by eight historical chapters. The appen- to philosophy in Mexico and of the limitations and dixes include loan contracts and agreements with the possibilities of a ‘philosophy of the Mexican.”

foreign bankers. The author employed United States ; _ archival material, but did not similarly research British 4133. Gonzalez Navarro, Moisés. El pensa-

and French sources. miento politico de Lucas Alaman. Mé-

; xico, 1952. 178 p. bibl.

8. Education A catalog of the philosophical, religious, economic, . social, and political ideas of Alaman. [L. M.]

4127. Kneller, George F. The education of 4134. Hale. Charles A. José Maria Luj the Mexican Nation. N.Y., 1951. 258 - Thale, Lnarles A. JOSe Nilarla [UuIs

Mora and the structure of Mexican OI ides aDr. hi Kneller liberalism. v.1beralsm. 45, May, Inese this monograph providesHAHR. a history of - vz.1965: ’ ay; . Mexico’s educational effort since the initiation of the 196-227.

Revolution. The author uses the writings of the leading spokesman 4128. L F rancisco. . Hi . ofistoria early Mexican to compare . arroyo, COomcenturyliberalism society, politics, and politicalnineteenththeory in Mexparada de la educacion en México. 4. ed. ico and Europe. [L.M.]

Mexico, 1956. 437 p. 4135. Lopez Camara, Francisco. La génesis

Despiteessay its deficiencies, text is the available de | ; “aliberal liberal general on the historythis of education in only Mexico. € ja conciencia enMéxj €XICO.

, Mexi | México, 1954. 324 p. bibl.

4129. Sanchez, George I. €XICO, ATEVOIU- The author traces the origins of the concept of nine-

tion by education. N.Y., 1936. 211 p. teenth-century liberalism in the political and religious

illus., maps. ideology of the creoles directing the independence

A sympathetic, yet scholarly, description and ex- Movement.

amination of the educational reform of the Mexican , s : Revolution with emphasis on the preceding decade 4136. Martinez, Jose L. El ensayo Mexicano

and a half. moderno. México,39-40). 1958. 2 v. (Letras ; , Mexicanas 4130. Zea, Leopoldo. Del liberalismo a la This ably edited collection presents a panorama of revolucion en la educacién mexicana. Mexican thought as expressed in essay form over the México, 1956. 205 p. (Biblioteca del preceding seventy-five years. Valuable insights are Instituto Nacional de Estudios Hist6- t° be gleaned in philosophy, economics, literature, . de laR Mexi Mexicana 4 anthropology, anda recurring art. Political have been freMcoOs de lucién la Kevolucion ). quent but themeessays is the analysis of Mexi-

This is an excellent study of the changing concepts of can national character. These volumes demonstrate education from the early national period through the the important and effective manner in which Mexican Constitution of 1917. While the monograph is essen- Writers employ this mode of expression.

tially a history of education, the author does place

educational ideas and systems in relation to the lib- 4437, Ramos, Samuel. Profile of man and

eral philosophy. Zea reviews revolutionary ideas on . . public education and links these with their liberal cultur e in Mexico. Peter G. Earle, tr.

antecedents. Austin, 1962. American 198 p.series). (The Texas Pan

eae . Third edition of this famous work, which, when pub, . . | philosophical search for the essence of the Mexican 4131. Alba, Victor. Las ideas SO ciales COn- stimulated by the Revolution and inspired by national 9. Political and Social Thought lished originally in 1934, strikingly influenced the

temporaneas en Mexico. Mexico, 1960. consciousness. In contrast to subsequent existential 473 p. (Coleccion Tierra firme. Historia approaches, Ramos emphasized Mexican culture and

de las ideas contemporaneas 7). history. In this edition the author’s 1951 essay en-

Based on an ample bibliography of published mate- titled ““Concerning Mexican Character” is appended.

rials, the author traces the evolution of social ideolo- , .

gies during the national period with emphasis on the 4138. Rey €s Heroles, Jesus. El liberalismo

adoption and transformation of ideas through their mexicano. Mexico, 1960-1961. 3. v. Mexicanization. Greater attention given to prerevolu- illus.

384 SINCE INDEPENDENCE This is the most serious and complete scholarly study Austin, [1966]. 292 p. bibl. (The Texas of the origins, development, and manifestations of Pan American series). peralism rimary cnateriale me earn tl The author examines the life of the novel as a genre the European origins of liberalism and with clarity against the background of Mexican chronology. I he and sureness demonstrates liberal views on land novel is viewed as a cultural phenomenon, a manifesownership, free trade, political freedom, church-state tation of a nation’s search for identity.

relations, and federalism. The work is well structured 4145, Fernandez, Justino. Arte moderno y

ing society, and int ti fi . . ye :

with the following major divisions: origins, fluctuat- contemporaneo de México Prélogo de

me een ¥ and mtegration of ideas Manuel Toussaint. México, 1952. 521 p. 4139. Rippy, Merrill. Theory of history: illus. (Historia del arte en México 3).

twelve Mexicans. TA. v. 17, Jan., 1961: This is the last of three monumental volumes that are

223-239. considered pivotal in Mexican artistic historiography.

This article consists of an examination of the views [he work is basic in terms of original research and of twelve writers, historians, and philosophers in ‘terpretation. This volume begins with the neoclassiregard to how they define history, what they think of Cal period of the late eighteenth century and traces scientific history, historical materialism, history as " detail the history of architecture, sculpture, paintart, history in relation to philosophy, and the manner "8. and prints. Each medium is studied in each sucin which they react to existentialism. Authors dis- ©&eding stylistic period, and there are included seleccussed include José Gaos, Antonio Caso, Atanasio ons of the criticism written by contemporaries. This Saravia, Alfonso Caso, Alfonso Teja Zabre, Jesus history ts marked by its scope and completeness and Silva Herzog, Leopoldo Zea, Manuel Gamio, Samuel the author's objectivity. In addition, the book conRamos, Alfonso Reyes, Edmundo O’Gorman, and ‘ls numerous illustrations.

Daniel Cosio Villegas. 4146. Garcia Riera, Emilio. El cine mexi-

4140. Villegas, Abelardo. La filosofia de __cano. México, 1963. 237 p. illus. —

; ys . Mexico.de México). aan (Vida. yMe pensamiento

lo mexicano. México, 1960. 235 p. bibl History of movies and the motion picture industry

The author, a follower of Zea, studies the philosophi- 4147. Jiménez Rueda, Julio. Letras mexical current that has sought to define the essence of canas en el siglo xix. México, 1944. 189

the Mexican. He examines the contributions in this 2 . ,

respect of Antonio Caso, José Vasconcelos, Samuel P . (Coleccion Tierra firme 3). ,

Ramos. O’Gorman. and Zea This is an excellent survey of Mexican letters in the

, nineteenth century in which the author describes the

4141. Zea, Leopoldo. Apogeo y decadencia events and conditions that gave rise to the ideas pre-

de] positivismo en México. México sented. The general trend of the treatment is chrono-

1945"3303 bibl ° logical, including the last of the . ° Dp . , eighteenth century and material the first on decade ofthird the twen-

‘ Positivism: review and anavysis on Tc as a Spee tieth. The author treats both literary movements and ulative system but as an ideological justification of a Benres.

political situation. 4148. Martinez, José L. La expresion na4142. Zea, Leopoldo. La filosofia en México. ciona’. veuras mexicanas del siglo xix.

México, 1955. 2 v. illus. (Biblioteca wry eo? 17>. 306 p. Serie Letras 20).

Mini . : ° While considerations literary inima'M Mexicana 17-18).offering journalismgeneral and historiography, the writeron concentrated

These volumes provide the outline for a history of on the struggle of Mexican writers of the nineteenth philosophy in Mexico as well as some studies of century to achieve their own—Mexican—form of trends and figures of significance in Mexican philos- expression.

ophy in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. While , , . . this is not Zea’s most important work, it does have 4149. Martinez, José L. Literatura mexiutility for the reasons cited. cana, siglo XxX, 1910-1949. Guias bi-

4143. Zea, Leopoldo. El positivismo en — Pliograficas. Mexico, 194971950. 2 v.

México. México, 1943. 254 p. bibl (Clasicos modernos; creaciOn y critica

An excellent, impartial, and well-documented inter- literaria 3-4).

pretative history. Zea not only examines the transfer The first volume affords a very complete panorama of a European philosophy to Mexico, but also dem- of contemporary literature with a study of numerous

onstrates how Mexicans seized upon and adapted literary tendencies and movements together with that philosophy to accomplish their own ends. brief essays devoted to individual writers. The second part lists titles of books by Mexican authors and those by foreigners who realized their work in

10. Literature. Music. Art Mexico. The compilation includes works in the fol-

, , lowing categories: prose, poetry, theater, folklore,

4144. Brushwood, John S. Mexico in its "4 cmitical studies.

novel: a nation’s search for identity. 4150. Mayer-Serra, Otto. Panorama de la

MEXICO: PRE-REVOLUTION 385 musica mexicana desde la independencia ings constitute the background for the subsequent hasta la actualidad. México, 1941. 196 phasis on indigenous themes and rejection of European

This. contribut t represents f the trends Mu Uences: is contribution a survey of the trends . in the emergence of musical nationalism in Mexico. 4156. Schmeckebier, Laurence E. Modern

The writer seeks to show music, viewed as an ele- Mexican art. Minneapolis, 1939. 190 p. ment of cultural history, in its social setting. illus., bibl. 4151. Mendoza, Vicente T. El corrido de la A history or Mexican painting in the two preceding

revolucién mexicana. México, 1956. 151 joéClementeOroxeo, p. (Biblioteca del Instituto Nacional de ; Estudios Histéricos de la Revolucién 4157. Simmons, Merle E. The Mexican

Mexicana 5) corrido”’ as a source for interpretative

An excellent introduction to the corrido as historical study of modern Mexico, 1870-195 0. source material. Consisting of six lectures, the author Bloomington, Ind., 1957. 619 p. (Indilinks the corridos, focusing on dramatic events and ana University publications. Humanities revolutionary personalities, with the course of the ies 38)

revolutionary movement. The corridos are significant Thi, publication based on a doctoral dissertation. is for their richness of detail and as a reflection of popu- an efto rt to establish that the “corridos” provi de a

lar sentiment toward events and leaders. useful key to the understanding of the development

4152. Mendoza, Vicente T. El romance es-_ of Mexican society. While it may be debated whether

pafiol y el corrido mexicano: estudio 2 coherent historical pattern can be defined in this comparativo. 1939.attitudes, 832 p. illus way andcontribution that the corrido accurately general ; . y Peer México, * popular this cannot reflects be ignored.

This represents a fundamental contribution to the The author gathered over 1,300 ballads and specifistudy of Mexican music, specifically the ballad and cally employed several hundred in his analysis.

the traditional romantic song. The author emphasizes j , ;

musical and textual aspects and includes a significant 4158. Velasco Valdés, M. Historia del pe-

collection of scores and lyrics. riodismo mexicano: apuntes. México,

4153. Educaci6n whee 6. 258 p. mexicano ra.Mexico. ys ileSecretaria not asdeintegrated a work as(Biblioteca Lepidus’s, this14).volMexnn poses, , +f a | cultura. 2. ed. ume contains more details and is more up-to-date. The

€xI1co, . p. ulus. author begins with Juan Pablos and reaches the era

Articles on history, plastic arts, literature, music, of Madero in providing notes for the history of Mexiphilosophy, sciences, law, and economics by a most can journalism. prestigious group of writers including Silvio Zavala,

Alfonso Caso, Salvador Toscano, et al. All topics are .

treated historically, although that does not prevent 11. Independence to Revolution

the usual unevenness and lack of integration that cus- a. General

tomarily handicaps such collections. The original edition appeared in 1946. The new version includes 4159. Bocanegra, José Maria de. Memorias

" 1822-1846. México, 1892. 2 v.

some new essays and some modifications of the para la historia de México independiente, 4154. Paz, Octavio. El laberinto de la sole- Contemporaneous account of the political history of dad. 2."ed. México, 1959. 191 p. (Vida ‘he fist half ofthe nineteenth century with particular

y pensamiento de México). oo me

This volume represents the most significant and orig- 4160. Cosio Villegas, Daniel, ed. Historia inal essay in recent times on the personality and his- moderna de México. México, 1955-1965.

tory of ithe Mexican. Paz the offersless a poeticay and per8 v. illus. maps, bibl. °v..1-3, La resonal, though none profound, reflection on ride | we

the motives, symbols, and aspirations of the Mexicans. publica Testaurada: La vida politica by The work includes provocative insights on the Mexi- D. Cosio Villegas; La vida economica can’s historical evolution, culminating with the revela- by F. R. Calderon; La vida social by L. tion of his nature through his cultural expressions. Gonzalez y G onzalez, D. Cosio Villegas,

4155. Read, John L. The Mexican histori- | and G. Monroy. v. 4-8, El porfiriato: La cal novel, 1826-1910. N.Y., 1939. 337 p. | vida social by M. Gonzalez Navarro; La

bibl. vida politica exterior, Part | and 2, by D.

The author examines the historical novel in Mexico Cosio Villegas; La vida econdmica, Part

from the Independence to the Reform and in the sec- 1 and 2, L. Nicolau d’Olwer, F. R. variably a note of rebellion against despotism and Calderon, G. Nava Oteo, F. Rosenzweig,

ond half of the nineteenth century. He found in- , ° . advocacy of social liberation with the form a mediocre L. Cossio Silva, G. Peralta Zamora, and imitation of European models. However, these writ- E. Coello Salazar.

386 SINCE INDEPENDENCE

;;,g

The most extensive and significant undertaking in _ of the Constituent Congress of 1857 became available.

modern Mexican historiography is represented by It is an excellent source for the study of liberal re-

these solid and massive volumes collaboratively pro- — formist thought.

duced by the Seminar in Modern Mexican History at . . .

El Colegio de México. The editor, whose contribu- 4166. Mexico. Instituto Nacional de Antrotion looms large in terms of providing the impetus, pologia e Historia. Coleccién de docu-

leadership, and overall direction as well as three mentos inéditos o muy raros relativos volumes in the initial eight and several of the volumes a ar _ produced as by-products of this effort, is presently a la Reforma en Mexico. Mexico, 1957

writing the final volume of the political life of the Por- 1958. 2 v. firiato. The set should stand for many years as the Handsome and well-selected collection of unknown standard reference for the period 1867-1911. or little-known documents exceedingly useful for the

.;.

; . ; ; study of the Reform. The selection was drawn princi-

‘4161. Lopez Portillo y Rojas, J ose. Eleva- pally from the archives of the Secretaria de Relaciones

cion y caida de Porfirio Diaz. México, Exteriores and the Secretaria de Defensa Nacional,

1921. 502 p. although other depositories are represented as well.

This volume describing and analyzing the rise and fall | he editor’s prologue indicates the importance of the

of Porfirio Diaz isconsidered a minor classic. material presented within the era studied.

4162. Tornel y Mendivil, José M. Breve 4167. Mexico. Laws, statutes, etc. Coleccion

resena histérica de los acontecimientos de a eyes fundamentales que han mas notables de la nacién mexicana 7 cgi i en la Republica Mexicana, y de desde el afio de 1821 hasta nuestros os planes que han tenido el mismo ca-

dias. México, 1852. 424 p racter, desde el ano de 1821, hasta el de

This volume is a good, but not exceptional, chronicle 1856. Mexico, 1856. 352 p. of political events during the first three decades of Selective but useful. [L.M.]

Mexico's national history. 4168. Mexico. Laws, statutes, etc. La re-

4163. Valadés, José C. El porfirismo: his- forma social en Espana y México: toria de un régimen. México, 1941-1947. apuntes historicos y principales leyes

3 V. sobre la desamortizacion de bienes ecle-

Although displaced more recently as the major his- siasticos por Manuel Payno. México, torical work on the Porfiriato by Cosio Villegas’s 1958. 127 p. (Ediciones del centenario monumental Historia moderna deserve de Mexico, these de "OS de 1857.4 volumes by a journalist-historian recognition de| ja; tit constitucion de , 4).

as the first serious study of the Porfirian regime in its This publication makes available selections from a multiple facets—diplomatic, economic, _ political, little-known two-volume collection of laws relating

social, and cultural. | to ecclesiastical Payno properties originally published by in 1861. The new edition includes a brief introduction by Fco. Gonzalez de Cossio and the text of

b. Documents key documents on desamortization from 1823 to 1860. Payno’s introductory essay views the Reform

4164. Diaz, Porfirio. Archivo del general °t as an attack on Catholic dogma and sentiment, _ , . but as a necessary economic and legal solution to the Porfirio Diaz, memorias y documentos. problem of the enormous entailed wealth of the

EXICO, _ . Vv. Uius. . ,

ress y owas Sex. 30 als Carreno. clergy.

Monumental collection of the memoirs and docu- 4169. Santa-Anna, Antonio Lopez de, et al. ments from the archive of Porfirio Diaz. Thirty vol- The Mexican side of the Texan revoluumes appeared before publication was interrupted. tion (1836) by the chief Mexican partici-

Beginning with a vastly improved edition of Diaz’s pants tr. with notes by Carlos E memoirs coveringinthe years 1867 (which ap- Ca.~ Vallas, d ' D: 1]. 1p. 1928.39] ° peared originally 1892 and1830 were to republished in astane 1922) the editor makes available Diaz’s correspond- Translations of five important Mexican documents ence from 1867 through 1879. Considerable mate- authored by General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna,

rial of great interest remains to be edited and pub- General Vicente F ilisola, General Urrea, General lished in the archive, filling thirty-five crates to over- JOS€ Maria Tornel, and Ramon Martinez Caro. The

flowing. last named served as secretary to Santa Anna.

4165. Mexico. Congreso Constituyente, 4170. Sierra, Catalina, dir. A cien anos del 1856-1857. Actas oficiales y minutarios 5 de mayo de 1862. Mexico, 1962. 527

de decretos del Congreso Extraordinario p. illus. .

Constituyente de 1856-1857 Prélogo de This is a well-illustrated and important collection of Catal SjieiTa. NotasOlas de de X my T documentary materials relative to includes the Battle of the atalina Aavier Lavera sth of May. The initial section essays by

Alfaro. México, 1957. 688 p. Agustin Yafiez on the significance of the victory, D.

With this volume the complete documentary record Gutiérrez Santos on the military aspects, and Manuel

MEXICO: PRE-REVOLUTION 387 J. Sierra on the relationship of this event to the doc- Anecdotal historical episodes and descriptions of trine of nonintervention. There is a documentary sec- Mexican customs prior to the twentieth century. tion of materials from the Secretary of National De-

fense and the French Ministry of War and acollection d. Government and Politics

of editorials, speeches, and Juan poemsdeprompted by thehistorica ; ; _ oo. occurrence. 4177. Arias, Dios. Resena 4171. Torre Villar, Ernesto de la. El triunfo de la formacion y operaciones del cuerpo de la repuiblica liberal, 1857-1860: selec- de! Ejercito del Norte durante la inter-

a 5 fy 4 td ° ege 7

cién de testimonios de la Guerra de Tres vencion francesa, sitio de Queretaro y Afios. México, 1960. Ivi, 312 p. (Vida noticias oficiales sobre la captura de

y pensamiento de México). Maximiliano, su proceso integro y su

The selection of testimonials treating of the ideologi- muerte. Mexico, 1867. 725 p. illus.,

cal and military struggle of the War of the Three Years maps. (Reform) highlights the salient aspects of the struggle. This is a military history of the Army Corps of the In the prologue the editor analyzes the origin, ideologi- North during the French Intervention. Included is the cal aspect, and character of the protagonists involved. official report of the siege of Querétaro and of Maxi-

4172. Zarco, Francisco. Historia del Con- ™!!!4m’s capture and death.

greso Extraordinario Constituyente de 4178. Arnaiz y Freg, Arturo, and Claude 1856-1857. Estudio preliminar de An- __ Bataillon, eds. La intervencion francesa tonio Martinez Baez. México, 1956. y el imperio de Maximiliano cien anos

Xxx, 1424 p. después, 1862-1962. Estudiado cien anos

In addition to his journalistic chronicle of the Con- después por historiadores mexicanos y stituent Assembly, Zarco also formulated a docu- franceses. México, 1965. 217 p illus

mentary This history that represents was published in 1857 two A re,exicana Mex; °erdistoria ; Hi -Ores d; volumes. citation a re-edition, ex-in( sociacion

purgated of errors and enriched by a valuable prologue y Instituto Frances de America Latina).

and excellent indexes. Papers presented on this theme at a French Institute round table. Writers examine the intervention from

tt diverse points of view of an ideological, cultural, and c. Description and Travel historiographical nature. Included are contributions zs: . by Francois Chevalier, M. Gonzalez Navarro, Fred-

ar y come ev C. Cartas sobre Mexico: eric Mauro, Xavier Tavera, E. de la Torre Villar, L. a Kepuduca Ivlexicana durante los anos Gonzalez, A. Martinez Baez, V. de T. Mendoza, F. decisivos de 1832 y 1833. Tr., notas Monterde, M. Maldonado Koerdell, M. G6émez y prologo por Juan Ortega y Medina. Mayoraga, J. Ortega y Medina, and D. Cosio Villegas.

Mexico, 1959. 240 p. map. (Nueva 4179. Callcott, Wilfrid H. Church and state

“orrespondence biblioteca mexicana 3).of dent Mex in Mexico, 1822-1857. Durham, N.C., a inGerman resident in Mexico ..

situation of the country. pub ications). Oo ; ; Against a background of 400 years of institutional de-

during the 1830’s describing the economic and social aan 357 p. bibl. (Duke University 4174. Calderon de la Barca, Frances E. Life velopment, the author painstakingly examines churchin Mexico during a residence of two years _ state relations from independence to the Reform. He

in that country. Introd. by Manuel views as the crux of difficulties and conflict the diRomero de Terreros. N.Y.. 1954. 542 vergent ideas of social practice.

p. (Every Man’s Library 664). 4180. Cambre, Manuel. La guerra de tres

Eyewitness account of life in early independent Mex- anos en el estado de Jalisco. Guadalaico published originally in London in 1843. The best jara, México, 1892. 631 p. pPanis Frenico Cityactions wo 1389. of elipnthe TheThree volume contains of the m I, eatin Ice was 0 military Yearsa very Wardetailed withreview particuorctative Plone and Sain ony provided an inter- jar emphasis on events in Jalisco and Nayarit.

4175. Flandrau, Charles M. Viva México! 4181. Cuevas, Luis G. Porvenir de Mexico.

N_Y.. p México, 1954. 501this p. is one of era a: ; .1935 , , First493 published between 1851xxvi, and 1857,

Originally published in 108: this eyewitness desemP the best analyses extant of the political ills of the regime was almost finished has come to be considered early republic although the conservative views of the

a minor classic author should be kept unpublished in mind. This writings edition also in" cludes some previously of the

4176. Garcia Cubas, Antonio. El libro de author and a biographical essay on Cuevas by Franmis recuerdos. México, 1934. 639 p. ‘isco Cuevas Cancino. [L.M. ]

illus. 4182. Mateos, Juan A. Historia parlamen-

388 SINCE INDEPENDENCE taria de los congresos mexicanos de Attempr, to do for mexico what rore7 Caldes did for 1821 a 1857. México, 1877-1886. 11 v. Spain. Very agreeable account of nineteenth-century

A basic source that includes the Spanish constitution historical episodes in novelesque form.

of 1812, subsequent nineteenth-century Mexican , wo constitutions, summaries and sometimes full reproduc- 4189. Scholes, Walter V. Mexican politics tions of congressional proceedings, and lists of mem- during the Juarez regime, 1855-1 872. bers of congresses beginning with the Mexican delega- Columbia, Mo., 1957. 190 p. bibl. (Unition to the constituent convention of Cadiz in 1812. versity of Missouri studies 30).

[L.M. ] This is a solid piece of work providing a highly reada1 ' _ era. Material has been well organized and presented,

4183. Mexico. Universidad Nacional. Fa- Ule account of the factional politics during the Reform cultad de D erecho. Plan de Ayutla, CON- and the author offers sound judgments of situations

memoracion de su primer centenario de and individuals.

Mario de la Sierra, CuevaJusto. et al.Evolucion México, 1954. .} 374 p. 4190. politica. del

A volume of fine essays by a series of authors includ- pueblo mexicano. México, 1948. 426 p. ing, in addition to Cueva, Lucio Mendieta y Nijfiez (His Obras Completas 12).

and Carlos A. Echanove T. commemorating the One of Sierra’s finest works, this “civic biography”’ hundredth anniversary of the Plan of Ayutla. of the Mexican people is as important for its revelation

ops . + of the writer’s enthusiasm, sympathies, and intuitive

4184. Rabasa, Emilio. La constitucion y la perception of Mexican development as for the enthu-

dretacura: sore la 1912-331 siasm and Mexicans. approbation that it continues to generate politica decotuclo Mexico. Mexico, . 331 p. among

After tracing the political and legal development of _ ‘ ‘

Mexico from the independence movement to the res- 4191. Sociedad Mexicana de Geografia y toration of the Republic, the author examines Mex- Estadistica. Coleccion del Congreso Naican constitutional law and makes a profound and de. cional de Historia para el estudio de la

molishing criticism of the Constitution o an . - 2 sus _

the reforms of 1876. Daniel Cosio Villegas has guerra de intervencion. Mexico, 1962

pointed out the singular importance of this work in 1963. 28 v.

the thinking the Constituyentes of 1917.during The est 27 voumes consist ofheld the stuaes ane ° . of. speeches presented the Congress in July 4185. Ruiz, Eduardo. Historia de la guerra 1962, while the final volume is the ‘“‘Memoria’’ sum-

de Intervencion en Michoacan. 2. ed. marizing developments at the Congress. Uneven in

Mexico, 1940. 744 p. illus. size and quality, the papers in aggregate are an im-

This account of the War of the Intervention in Michoa-__ pressive collection.

can is based on the memoirs of the author and data z : :

gathered from actual participants. 4192. Suarez y Navarro, Juan. Historia de

_ ; Mexico y del general Antonio Lopez de

4186. Ruiz Castaneda, Maria del Carmen. Santa-Anna. Comprende los aconteciEl periodismo de la Reforma en la Ciu- mientos politicos que han tenido lugar dad de México, 1854-1861. Mexico, en la nacion, desde el afio de 1821 hasta

1954. 216 p. . | | 1848. México, 1850-1851. 457 p. illus.

The author focuses attention on the journalism of the Undertaken as a defense of Santa Anna and the army, Reform era when Mexico S leading writers devoted this work is a detailed and very useful political history their talents to political journalism. She lists fifty-two of the period 1821-1833. Although the author inperiodicals published in Mexico City during these tended to carry the account to 1848, he stops abruptly years and discusses in detail the political orientation, on p. 96, v. 2, with the uncommonly modest state-

‘ ~ , i . [L.M.]

content, and leading contributors of fourteen. ment that he would resume when he had acquired 4187. Ruiz Castafieda, Maria del Carmen. ™0'¢Judgment and experience. [

Periodismo politico de la Reforma enla 4193. Ward, Henry G. Mexico in 1827. LonCiudad de México, 1854-1861. México, don, 1828. 2 v. illus., maps.

1954. 216 p. Firsthand account by the British representative who

This study identifies sources indispensable for the ¢ngaged ina lively rivalry with Joel Poinsett.

study of the ideological change that occurred in Mex- . what _

ico during the past century. The author concentrates 4194. Zarco, Francisco. Cronica del Con on the contributions to the reformist press, which not greso. Extraordinario Constituyente, only contributed to change in that sense, but also pro- 1856-1857. Estudio preliminar, texto, y

voked a violent opposition reaction. notas de Catalina Sierra Casasts. Mé-

; , e daily journalistic efforts of Zarco to report the

4188. Salado Alvarez, Victoriano. Episodios Rater 1957. 1009 Pp. ts of Zarco t + th

nacionales: Santa Anna. La Revorma. La labor of the Constituent Congress of 1856-1857 have Intervencion. EI Imperio. Mexico, 1945. been gathered with great care and made available for

14 v.(Coleccién Malaga). the first time in this volume.

Ico: PRE-REVOLUTI ON

.c10ne ignC

relaciones Garcia, Relations

I-d 8 O as tained ake

ware. p. 19-184 ico Méxi y | ria | obtained mfrom raphy ocumented SdeEstado fairs.frIn Ss availabl 3 89 soeeet of Unite study..com , ICO, 196], credited large sine th Frene’ diplomatic

activitie autho plete withcritical . lexico iplomats re they nistry docum and co s,United frontiere;States~ r exami bi Izalez yznund the repre areapol theofExter lati ollowi pl inks 1 e fi theentsa and commerciy ISCUSSIO xican re the f 10g- nd hi . zalez e of th ng N s of fsion wast on auth relation ns, effect ions: t to itres ersco rst volLui eonIIIin C) s based prac s. Brushi oT eich ainwing Bacaomdati sra s pred the lume

4196. edonp ncludes shing aside nglish poli lthe olegio nco-mexi ecesso uisthe Gon. Bo ractical Cy edito Mé lexicana r, utility Cor of» sch consiUnited St juridi ofjuri the MeLilideXiCO (1808-1836) work

ati ‘cia tions expanconcalexican si ia fazDiprovi 7. 183 In 9), 1cla diploma Gar , siderati ates e Mexi m 195 ndenci

Méxi cas el d , Carl n sularispa di n situati publish . X1IC ye OSs. ationrovide S an the secon edb

This mononta 247. 4 7 ropremas di 4202. Espi iches forthe entre 1853 and d volume

_well-d ient nes e | riod ofgland Mexiclems and t with ocum €. Est economi os |awai Re ait 7.Th editi ¢ gnit nomic rest Méxi OS M97 Cae ie ake et of di +. Estados Unidos, entre Mex ge Rela . Ca ence lvethe es, ip- his i an ,i5p. 18 =" elato 18 to re Fran is an 70- éX1CO eral stan S neda. C 36. e reco NCE,secon interesti 1910 y | 29 woot arlos.elati R ion durin sting ae oe ICO, éx Unsuc OV wit! ith Santa mente the aaer Di ons of objecti Unsuccessful 1949: nes Aan ET of G Sane one eae era NE wee uve evaluati 4198 payment |exican negotiation a. rope HAHR v. 4203. tin specia tte to United the eCc , s.[C peac 1aZ olicies inSrtate S S7473 TOra ; . Vz. euFuentes] esVi Diand oms p : tention En 1c prob Pp isa lp. ependi I- cio noosa d ire pe . and 186 eSis

ane-Oc ova yS, invol T 7.23 EXICc e. Lai ido ampo: gusti politi uthor . , 1841-1 rvenci6 Uni A Yhe a 6p O 18 inte S4 S y 0: J 7 n. E itical exami 862 , cion pibL (4 Remar D, hi Ione tratado “am the Meena nines the genesi . México . (Col o, 195 ogo d stado os the economic 4 ich Nicnion becan

neos 7). ecciO XXXii g peanres p economi h century. became ; Revie S 7). n de6.qa XXIle Vi 2 icente owers ic and ury.FuFu cameemb omic-

wing uto , res 24, ’248 response andi th political entes Di Dia embroi in th the inte to the e poli moti iled in the authors judement nts contempora. 4 rpreted from a policy of the Ua of the mphatreaty wan that een ju and circ a- 204. F Marxist n. The pe nited St urotation, whi to create ee hate the umstance Est uentes M point of vi riod is s ates in 4199 , which atenited a Uni iate co treaty,ethwriter s that Juare tadosnido U ; ares 1e8W., een and vedsaM St nseque > José

exico, 1 ack A e confro il ica ntervenci y el i y los nm> 1861-— 186 Fre Jua imp erlo: gover . TheSerie n- I lus.ICO ° Méxi. ncion lus., ma t. The H a study 1 army . chronolo individu 61-1965 zy la histo p, bib agu y in mili In Fuent gy and al vol . 4

il en 7: nch s of indi , 19 are .

militar graph i s in marr anal es ab ew h ich i

T yvolume’ 0 isa rine Ameri Pp.ini 40 rred ly, documentatic ave a in th The study ofthe protayzes es percent ony Frenc rench i incipal t exican pact of th S 1on, €x passion toward t times avon skiilcompli rmy rventi andthench doctritrine Ss criti initialessive plicati , the ionincl “aereude soci'!ntern iticall vol ej irork1Sj

. ic : r ; : oat e effeit-4ae 8. “einen ited - astein etw Siete vey. St ations that the E ry camOuggles manif impact of iinony its and United role of campai » milita iminaries e preli ociely al str of “ y the i ume,

4200 Oe a as a result 0 between E mpalgns of HS te uch political an oeusing est destiny” nk United

. Oo ween

Reill e Armond tthe ween France and th on, empire aa The succeeding » dihe Mebane.

velatio and Yi Louis. J ance ae 4205. Ga “and restored rey histo volumes cLane-

United States, Yucatan to HAHR. . tare yin only i V. 6 AI Mexico diplomati

01 5. (CCG. to secure . 31, 4206. G Vailable stad or (O50 and th atic ces Diaz Lép annexation b No arener Cc y of the subj 401-4 4 Far

a de deMéxico , ez Li . yVthe 1 Oa the ’ . Trage Har Trad ect. .C.G.] [C . ves ee ed 1870-1900.

. 1867 ascom ns with owed 49: Vv 4—mic ’ conomi atio sh gulf ne [C cleeals deme rma .], d19 ith r,st. No .C.G wi

xico, 363 869-1864. franthi A. v. 3Special pacific pt ween 1967. 4 > diplomé 186 aticos e Mexico oping rel IS period ° inter orld, . 4207 pects of thiis Japan. int . Graeb intere e arti erest in

rce withMexico n A. U’nited .182 States 848. 2-1

390 SINCE INDEPENDENCE IAEA. v. 5, Summer, 1951: 36-51. consider seriously the basic Mexican point of view, A study of the initial importance and eventual decline ©™phasizing, rather, the incompetence and irrational-

of the trade. [C.C.G.] ity of Mexican official action. [C.C.G. ]

4208. Johnson, Richard A. Spanish-Mexican 4216. Smith, Justin H. tae war with Mex-

diplomatic relations, 1853-1855. HAHR. __!¢0.N.Y., 1919. 2 v. illus., maps. | 71. Nov.. 1941: 559-576 This is a major study based on a decade of gathering

S . in aa tt tt ; Sr ‘sh alli and digesting materials from the diplomatic and milianta “Annas attempt to secure a spanish a lition as tary archives of six nations. However, the treatment is

pe an a proposed ante pnts States het ition. It nationalistic and partisan, as the author advances the al vh “Gomer Patine P ase Universit oe Texas thesis that the Mexican War was not a discreditable

rc CG , anas Papers, Iwersity ’ episode, but rather an inexorable event. 4209. Lally, Frank E. French opposition 4217. Spain. Embajada. Mexico. Relaciones to the Mexican policy of the second em- diplomaticas hisp ano-mexicanas, 183 a

pire. Baltimore, 1931. 163 p. bibl 1898. Seleccion, estudio preliminar, y

A work which shows that French political opposition notas de Javier Malagon Barcelo. Me-

played an insignificant role in the decision to with- XICO, 1949-1952. 2 Vv. .

draw. [C.C.G. ] This selection of documents from the archive of the . nace ; ; Spanish Embassy in Mexico contains invaluable in-

4210. Manning, William R. Early diplomatic formation not only relative to diplomatic relations relations between the United States and but also for an understanding of the economic and

Mexico. Baltimore. 1916. 406 p. social aspects of the years 1839 to 1843. Entries are U.S.-Mexican relations. [(C.C.G.] content by and Luis identification of location in collection. ™ © ees Prologues, prepared Nicolau D’Olwer, pro-

A valuable monographic study of the first decade of °'dered chronologically together with a summary of

4711. Mexico. Secretaria de Relaciones Ex- vide an overall view of Spanish-Mexican diplomatic

teriores. La diplomacia mexicana. Mé-_ ‘lations in the period.

xico, 1910-1913. 3 v. 4218. Tansill, Charles C. The foreign policy

These volumes contain documentary materials rela- of Thomas F. Bayard, 1885-1897. N.Y.., tive to Mexican diplomacy between 1821 and 1825. 1940. 800 p. illus map While the initial volume contains documents covering A detail ed acc ount of US _M ex; can relations. 1886-

the years 1821-1823, the second volume consists of 1887. from the U.S view oint and em hasizin the material relative to Mexico’s first diplomatic mis- , the W sh; P horiti c CG 8 sion—that to the United States—and the third con- ‘°Straint of the Washington aut orities. [C.C.G.]

tains the materials relating to the second such mis- 4219. Tischendorf, Alfred P. Great Britain

sion — that to England in 1824-1825. and Mexico in the era of Porfirio Diaz. 4212. Rivera Cambas, Manuel. Historia de Durham, N.C., 1961. 197 p. maps.

rs . S ic, consular,

la intervenciOn europea y norteamericana This volume is a study of British economic interests in en México y del imperio de Maximiliano heed to these. Based on Britith dole aniculties Teree tabsburgo. Mexico, 1962. >. astore- and commercial documents, the monograph examines houseofofinformation, information. is h dit d with ie lo British enterprises and investments and related subis here re-edited wi prologue jects,

by Leonardo Pasquel. The latter presents an evalua- ;

tion of the importance of the work and explains why 4220. Torre Villar, Ernesto de la. Corres-

the author was qualified to undertake it. pondencia diplomatica franco-mexicana, 4213. Rives, George L. The United States _ 1808-1839. México, 1957. 424 p.

and Mexico, 1821-1848. N.Y., 1913. 2 This volume represented the initiation of a guide to

v. illus maps the Political Correspondence, Series-Mexico, de-

The most elaborate stud of Mexican-American rela- osited in the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs. It

a th od y d. Critical ; rUS also contains a critical study, transcriptions of three

tions in the nave CG1 - Critical at times Of U.S. important long documents, and lists of the foreign

expansionism. [C.C.G. ] ministers and diplomatic representatives of the two

. . it icati e erials from this

4214. Robertson, William S. French in- ountries. Ad oubleation 763 El eoreeio (de Mexico

24.’May. 8. HAHR. source under the Versidn francesa de México, ; : ~| sd. See under the v.editorship oftitleLilia Diaz.

A careful account of Franco-Mexican negotiations

at time ofarchival the “‘Pastry on extensive , tay usethe of French sources.War.” [C.C.G.Based ] f. Economy and Society 4215. Smith, Justin H. The annexation of 4221. Gonzalez Navarro, Moisés. La coTexas. Corrected ed. N.Y., 1941. 496 p. lonizacion en Mexico, 1877-1910. MeBased on exhaustive research in American and Texas x1co, 1960. 160 p. illus.

sources. Conclusion justifies annexation and fails to Interesting and model study of foreign colonization

Mexico: PrRE-REVOLUTION 39] during the Porfiriato in which the author underscores 4227, Potash, Robert A. El Banco de AVIiO

the illusion” of immigration and of foreign coloniza- de México: el fomento de la industria,

tion as the appropriate means for developing the eco- , snd

"199 , a , Fernandez. México, 1959. 281 p.

4222. Gonzalez Navarro, Moises. Estadis- This monograph represents an important contributicas sociales del Porfiriato, 1877-1910. tion to the economic history of Mexico. Significantly

México, 1956. 249 p. Potash includes more than the textile industry in this

The highly useful volume provides statistical charts well-documented study.

deaths, martages, migrations. immigration, budgets, 4228 Quintana, Miguel A. Estevan de schools, etc. This publication serves as a valuable Antunano, fundador de la industria textil complement to the author’s Historia Moderna de en Puebla. México, 1957. 2 v. (PublicaMéxico. El Porfiriato: La vida social in the series ciones de la Secretaria de Hacienda y

edited by D. Cosio Villegas. Crédito Publico). | 7

4223. Harris, Charles H. The Sanchez After tracing the biography of his subject, the author Navarros: study ofand a examines economic political aspects results of the . . :a socio-economic _ : independence then the focuses onand diverse 0 Coahuilan latifundio, 1846~1853. Chica- the economy and Antufiano’s contribution. Many

go, 1964. 127 p. map. . oo rare pamphlets written by the subject are included in

Based on material related to a specific period in the the text. extensive collection in The University of Texas Li-

brary, the author studies a specific period in the history g. Biographies

ted. " ; , we , ,

of this large northern estate. Specifically he 1s con-

cerned with the local impact of the war with the 4229. Beals, Carleton. Porfirio Diaz, dictaUnited States, the Indian threat, and the social and tor of Mexico. Philadelphia, 1932. 463 economic conditions under which the hacienda op- p. map

erate Colorful and devastatingly critical biography of Diaz

4224. Lépez Camara, Francisco. Los fun- and his dictatorship, although not always precise and

, ; accurate, and deficient in view of recent historical

damentos de la economia mexicana en scholarship.

la €poca de la reforma y la intervencion: .

la vida agricola e industrial de México 4230. Bulnes, Francisco. El verdadero segtin fuentes y testigos europeos. Mé- Juarez y la verdad sobre la intervencion xico, 1962. 96 p. bibl. (Congreso Na- y el imperio. Paris~Mexico, 1904. 873 p.

yy ar spi r ization, this is an in-

cional de Historia para el estudio de la pe toteca de historia). this is an j

sueira de intervencion, Mexico, 1962. telligent and suggestive essay that has stimulated much

Coleccion 7). . _ of the literature about Juarez. This brief volume is a contribution to the economic . . . history of this period based on the reports of French 4231. Cabrer a, Daniel, ed. Liberales ilustres

diplomatic agents in Mexico. mexicanos de la reforma y la interven-

. cidn. México, 1961. 440 p. illus.

4225. Otero, Mariano. Ensayo 50 bre el ver- Facsimile re-edition of 1890 publication consisting of dadero estado de la cuestion social Y biographies of leading liberals of the Reform and inpolitica que se agita en la Republica _ tervention periods written by Enrique M. de los Rios,

mexicana. México, 1842. 136 p. Francisco Gomez Flores, and others.

the Revolution of Jalisco. It is one of the best analyses 4292" Callcott, Wilfrid H. Santa Anna: the extant of the social and economic problems of the story of an enigma who once Was Mexico.

early republic. [L.M.] Norman, The 1936. 391 p. illus., bibl. most scholarly and readable biography of An4226. Pletcher, David M. Rails, mines and_ tonio Lépez de Santa Anna, the personality who

. : : seven dominated the political history during the progress: American promoters in ©of! Mexico . México, 1867-1911. Ithaca, N.Y.., first three decades after independence. [L.M. ] 1958. 321 p. illus. 4233. Corti, Egon C. Maximiliano y Carlota.

Excellent study of the activities of seven American México, 1944. 748 p. bibl. promoters in Mexico during the period 1867-1911 Published originally in Zurich in German in two that serves as a possible first step toward a compre- volumes in 1924, this is the best study of the second hensive history of American economic activities in| empire from the European point of view. While some

Mexico. The case-study method, employing examples of the background material is weak, the principal con-

drawn from the two fields of promotion—railroads tribution lies in the author's intelligent use of new

and mining — which represented 85 percent of Ameri- materials from the secret archives of the Hapsburgs.

can capital invested in Mexico, demonstrates the gap Also notable are some remarkable portraits of in-

between aims and achievements. dividuals, including those of Maximilian and Carlota.

392 SINCE INDEPENDENCE 4234. Cotner, Thomas E. The military and bastian Lerdo de Tejada, 1823-1899, a political career of José Joaquin de He- study of influence and obscurity. Austin, rrera, 1792-1854. Austin, 1949. 336 p. 1951. 292 p. (Institute of Latin American illus. (University of Texas, Institute of Studies 12). Latin American Studies 7). Exhaustive scholarly investigation that clarifies to ex-

-a.,.

With meticulous care the author has detailed the tent possible the personality of Lerdo de Tejada. The military and political career of an outstanding nine- Universidad Veracruzana published a Spanish transteenth-century leader, rescuing him from undeserved __ lation of this study in 1961.

relative obscurity. Almost half of the volume is de- . 7 . voted to an analysis of Herrera’s second administra- 4241. Lerdo de Tejada, Sebastian. Memorias tion, 1848-1851. de Sebastian Lerdo de ‘Tejada. Estudio

, es ; relimi . Méxi

4235. Echanove Trujillo, Carlos A. La vida 95 0989 o Coleoion Suma Vere pasional e inquieta de don Crescencio cruz ana Série politica)

A Rejon. Mexico, 1941. 479 P. illus., map ’ A significant antiporfirista diatribe consisting of the , pie den 0 Re; turou v7 te of a cen etn er the apocryphal memoirs of a former president supposedly lies “al cause athe 1890's and 1830's later recon. written in 1889 while he was in exile in New York. In

ciled with Santa Anna. he served in South America addition to its role as a political document of its day, é , oe , :; -’ the book also serves to represent a biographical study seeking to organize a Latin American union. On his of Lerdo by a contemporary and has helped to fix return to Mexico he definitely affiliated with the con- Lerdo’s character in Mexican history. Libraries cataservatives. The author is bitter against the United 06 the various editions of this volume under “Lerdo States. This volume provides a valuable account of de Tejada.” The presumed author was Adolfo C

an important political career. rrillo Jace. P OO Mae 4236. Estep, Raymond. Lorenzo de Zavala, 454) nacteag n, Malcolm D. Vida y obra de

profeta del liberalismo mexicano. Pro- Guillermo Prieto. México. 1960. 161 logo de Carlos E. Castaneda. Tr. de ‘lus " , P. Carlos A. Echanove Trujillo. Mexico, aitnough not a full biography, this is a shrewd and 1 952. 358 p. (Biblioteca mexicana 9). balanced account that contributes much to the under-

This is a fine work that represented the most percep- _ standing of Prieto as.a man of his times. tive, objective, and documented study which has been -° . . ; .

made to date on leading liberal Lorenzo de Zavala. 4243. Prieto, Guillermo. Memorias de mis

4237. Fuentes Mares, José. Santa Anna: tiempos. Mexico, 1948. 2 v. illus. (Colecaurora y ocaso de un comediante. 2. ed cion Mexico en el siglo xix, 1—2).

Méxj 1956. 391 are (Figuras * The first portioninof1906. these personal recollections was eXxICO, . JAI p. Iillus. Y published Despite their very anecdotal charepisodios de la historia de México 73). acter, they are useful for a view of the first half of the

The political career of Santa Anna is examined from _ nineteenth century and because of the writer’s ties the standpoint of his ambitions and aberrations in this _ with leading political figures of the time.

semischolarly and strongly nationalistic volume. . . Based heavily on Mexican sources — which appear to 4244. Quevedo y Zubieta, Salvador. Porfirio

have been carefully used—the author concludes that Diaz,Septiembre 1830—-Septiembre 1865.

Santa Anna was a political opportunist and charlatan. Ensayo de psicologia historica. Paris,

4238. Fuentes Mares, José. Y México se 1906. 395 p. illus.

fusic | desierto. Luis T hi The author provides an interesting psychological study

rerugio en ei desierto. LUIS 1 efrazas: NIS- of Porfirio Diaz from his birth in 1830 until 1865. toria y destino. México, 1954. xxv, 298 . p. illus. 4245. Roa Barcena, José M. Recuerdos de la This biography of Terrazas the ‘‘constructor of Chi- invasion norteamericana, 1846-1848. Ed.

huahua”’ is based on considerable documentation and y prologo de Antonio Castro Leal. Méis one of the few good biographical studies of a sec- xico, 1947. 3 v. (Coleccién de escritores

ondary figure recent Mexican history. Garcia ? " 46 _48)Mexicanas Naranjo hasin provided a thoughtful prologue.

“ae

In the opinion of the editor this is the most impartial,

4239. Hidalgo, José M. Proyectos de monar- detailed, complete, and well-written account on the

quia en México. México. 1963. 240 p. North American invasion. Roa Barcena’s thesis is - 2México on ae heroico that defending Mexican forces did not give such a bad (Coleccion 3)

S d lett f Hidal h d Maximil account of themselves. In addition to the prologue, for the establishment of the monarchy. A disillusioned ;

Supposed letters Of tdalgo, who served as Maxim the present edition has an analytic index lacking in the ian’s ambassador in Paris, describing how he worked 1883 and 1902 editions

conservative, Hidalgo became anenemy ofthe Second 4946. Roeder, Ralph. Juarez and his Mexico.

Empire. | N.Y., 1947. 2 v. illus., bibl.

4240. Knapp, Frank A. The life of Se- In this ample work the author seeks to recreate the

Mexico: PosT-REVOLUTION 393 era of Juarez and to place that individual in his times. dero: biografia de un patricio. México, While Justo Sierra's study may be judged more pro- 1958. 343 p. found and penetrating, the Roeder volumes probably = Ty. Writer provides a history of northern Mexico in constitute the best biography of Juarez available. Un- the nineteenth century organized around the Madero fortunately he irtually devoid or eccumentation, " IS family and particularly the grandfather of the revolu-

clear that the hed - used the contemporaneous tionary leader. While the tone is apologetic, the volume

press extensively and well. provides a good insight into the period.

4247. Romero, Matias. Diario personal, 4253. Yanez, Agustin. Don Justo Sierra: su 1855-1865. Ed. prologo y notas de Emma vida, sus ideas y su obra. México, 1950.

Cosio Villegas. México, 1960. 656 p. 218 p. illus.

This is a faithful and complete aera ° Ro- This is an ample study of the life and labors — political,

mero’s diary covering his personal life to 1858, the — equcational, literary, and philosophical — of Sierra. situation in the Mexican capital when he arrived there . from Oaxaca, and part of his diplomatic mission as 4254. Zarco, Francisco. Francisco Zarco:

minister plenipotentiary in Washington. The editor biografia y recopilaci6n de Oscar Cas-

has contributed a critical analysis ofMexico, the diary and its ~a author. taeda 1961. 4371).p. , illus., bibl.Batres. (Biblioteca del periodista 4248. Sanchez Navarro, Carlos, ed. La gue- ajthough not the work of a professional scholar, this tra de Tejas: memorias de un soldado. _ is a work of study of the multifaceted activity of Zarco

México, 1938. 186 p. map. treated with sympathy and knowledge. The author

The memoirs of José Juan Sanchez Navarro covering Underscores the value of Zarco as an honest and tirethe period from December, 1835, through April, less worker, faithful to his journalistic ideals. 1836, throw a good deal of light on Mexican opera-

ography. sigs

tions during the war with Texas. It is also useful to 12. Revolution and Post-Revolution see incidents like the Alamo from the Mexican side.

Apart from a lengthy and the G ] editor has provided a list of polemical manuscriptsintroduction, and bibli- a. Genera

erapny ; 4255. Amaya, Juan G. Madero y los auténti-

4249. Sierra, Justo. Juarez: su obra y su cos revolucionarios de 1910 hasta la

tiempo. Ed. y anot. por Arturo Arnaiz y —_—decena trdgica y fin del general Pascual

Freg. México, 1948. 562 p. (His Obras Orozco. México, 1946. illus.

completas 13). | ———. Venustiano Carranza, caudillo con-

Originally published in 1905, this study of Juarez is stitucionalista. Segunda etapa, febrero regarded by many as the most profound and penetrat- ae ing synthesis that has been written on Juarez. The edi- de 19 13 a mayo de 1920. Mexico, 1947.

tor, Professor Arnaiz y Freg, brilliantly demonstrates 499 p. illus. ; ;

that Carlos Pereyra wrote parts of the work. Bravo ————. Los gobiernos de Obregon, Calles Ugarte agrees that this collaboration occurred, stating y regimenes ‘‘peleles” derivados del

that Sierra only the firsta and final chapters, while Ili ercera T t 1920 1935 Pereyra, whowrote in 1904 published polemical response Callismo. etapa, a°

to Bulnes entitled Judrez discutido como dictador y México, 1947. 456 p. illus.

estadista, wrote the rest. The three volumes represent an army officer’s account

, , Z . of three decades of revolutionary events. In addition

4250. Valades, J ose C. Alaman, estadista e to reproductions of documents, the author offers many

historiador. Mexico, 1 938. 576 p. _ details based on his personal experience and observaThis is a work of outstanding historical scholarship — tion. Amaya writes as a partisan, particularly when he based on new documentation. Valadés offers an inter- treats of Pascual Orozco, whom he views most sym-

pretation of a significant individual who was com- pathetically.

pletely bound up with his times. Consequently, the po. writer provides an interpretation of the intellectual 4256. Blanco Moheno, Roberto. Cr onica de and social atmosphere. The subject is treated with la revolucion mexicana. México, 1958-— sympathy and understanding as he struggles for the 1959. 2 v. illus.

ascendancy and survival of the conservative group. Popular and polemical trilogy covering the history of

4251. Valadés, José C. Don Melchor Ocam-_ the Mexican Revolution from the ‘‘Decena Tragica” po reformador de México. México. 1954 into the 1930’s. The author concentrates on key inci-

, 1 p. ° ,illus. * dents, and his penetrating observations provoked combined conwith 422 a tendency toward sensationalism This calm and precise portrait of a man endeavors to siderable discussion and controversy. place him in his era. Despite the contribution its pub- . . lication represents, an examination in depth of the 4257. Brenner, Anita. The wind that swept

subject’s thinking is missing. Neither this study nor Mexico: the history of the Mexican revothe one by Romero Flores can be considered the de- lution, 1910-1942. N.Y., 1943. 302 p.

finitive biography of Ocampo. ‘lus ,

4252. Vasconcelos, José. Don Evaristo Ma- A sympathetic survey of the Mexican Revolution and

394 SINCE INDEPENDENCE its antecedents directed toward understanding and olutionary regime in terms of the nature and conduct appreciation in the United States. The author’s text of the individual serving as chief executive during that is brilliantly illustrated by 184 historical photographs period. There is included a fine collection of political

assembled by George R. Leighton. caricatures as illustrations for the study. 4258. Casasola, Gustavo. Historia grafica 4263. Mancisidor, José. Historia de la rede la Revolucion Mexicana. 1900-1960. volucion mexicana. México, 1958. 293 p.

México, 1960. 4 v. illus. illus.

The new, expanded (to include material from 1940 to This volume represents a synthesis of the history of early 1960), and very attractive edition of a graphic the Mexican Revolution to 1946 written from the history of the Mexican Revolution. In 1921, Agustin Marxist point of view. Based on published materials, Victor Casasola, a talented photographer, published the book focuses attention principally on the Diaz era Album histérico grafico. His work was continued by and the initial phase of the Revolution. There is a his son who changed the format to the present one and _ pronounced anti-United States bias.

expanded the scope to cover Mexican history from , , . .

1900 to 1940. The form of presentation consists of 4264. Melendez, Jose T., ed. Histor ia de la

sectional syntheses, a wealth of photographs, and an revolucion mexicana. México, 1936-

explanatory text. 1940. 2? v. illus.

4259. Cline, Howard F. Mexico, revolution (22%er. and events by an outstanding group of partic, to evolution, 1940-1960. London, 1962. pants including Juan Sanchez Azcona, Octavio Paz,

374 p. maps, bibl. Ramon Puente, Justino N. Palomares, Manuel Aguirre

Against the physical, human, and_ historical back- Berlanga, Rubén Garcia, Amado Chavarri Mataground, the author describes the transformation of | moros, and Luis Mora Tovar. Published originally in Mexico into a modern industrialized society overtwo 1917.

key It is the firstofthorough andA integrated México: cj ~anos de revolustudydecades. of the developments this period. conclud- >.4265. Mexico: cincuenta ing section describes Mexico’s place and policy in cion. México, 1960-1962. 4 v.

the world scene. Anthologies of essays, varying widely in quality and

. . significance, by various specialists on specific topics.

4260. Cline, Howard F. The United States Overlapping could have been reduced by more vigorand Mexico. Cambridge, Mass., 1953. ous editorial control. The historical development of 452 p. maps, bibl. (The American foreign some topics, as well as some analytical efforts and

policy library). descuptive materials incided in this officially spon-

This is an unusual volume, since it delivers much more S°Fred publication, 1s useful.

than the title implies. While United States-Mexican 4966, Ramirez Plancarte, Francisco. La rerelations loom large, the author effectively provides a Pee: . . ware study of modern Mexico. While the author’s official volucion mexicana, Interpretacio n indeposition at times seems to have prompted some re- pendiente. Mexico, 1948. 686 p. illus. straint, there is a wealth of detailed information on The author provides a very detailed synthesis and recent economic and political developments as well definition of the Revolution from the moderate point as remarkable discussions and insights on a number of view. While “independent,” the interpretation is

of key factors, including the role of regionalism. not always objective.

4261. Gonzalez Ramirez, Manuel. La re- 4267. Romero Flores, Jesus. Anales histovolucién social de México. México, ricos de la revolucion mexicana. Mexico,

1960-1966. 2 v. illus. 1960. 4 v. |

Ambitious attempt to encompass and interpret the A new edition of the historical annals of the Mexican social transformation in Mexico during the years of Revolution onginayy published by the Michoacan his. the Revolution, which is viewed as the culmination torian in . Although not an important work o of the Mexican struggle for equality as the means of historical research, it does provide a handy reference integrating the nation. The initial volume emphasizes for events, places, and personages. V. I covers the the violence of the destructive phase and the ideologi- years from the Diaz regime through the Constitucal creativity of the transformative phase. The second tonalist revolution; v. 2, the vpnstrunon on in 17 volume focuses on social institutions. Despite a tend- and revolutionary 5 ceimes to 193 4; v. 3, the dit rad ency toward partisan identification, the writer skill- sovernment an d Te 4 vontains on dos of the Rev. fully integrates documentary materials and offers rich ™!™Strations, and v. 4 contains corridos oF the Rev-

details on specific episodes. olution.

4268. Silva Herzog, Jesus. Breve historia de

4262. Goodspeed, Stephen S. El papel del la revolucién mexicana. México, 1960. jefe ejecutivo en México. In Problemas 2 v. illus., bibl. (Coleci6n popular 17). agricolas e industriales de México. Mé- Pocketbook examination of the background and

xico, 1955. v. 7: 13-208. phases of the Mexican Revolution to 1917. While

As part of a study of the legal, political and economic written for the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of

facets of the Mexican presidency as the dominant the movement, this well-written, straightforward acpower in that nation, the author examines each rev- count is a handy source for the history of the period.

Mexico: Post-REVOLUTION 395 Each volume contains a documentary appendix. The 4274. Fabela, Isidro, ed. Documentos hisfirst volume treats of the antecedents of the Revolu- téricos de la Revolucién Mexicana. v. 1,

tiontheand its initiation underofMadero. second covR lucié 7s tucionalsta. tituci list ers period from the advent Huerta toThe the evolucion y regimen cons

promulgation of the Constitution of 1917. Editados por la Comision de Investiga-

4269. Taracena, Alfonso. La verdadera re- la din ones ce ia Reyojucin: palo volucién mexicana. Prol. de José Vas- 1960-196 4 Sy (Fuentes “jocum onto concelos. México, 1960-1965. 17 Vv. de la historia de México) y Menen} y ep isodios la historia de Highly important documentationrelations on the Carranza ; . period andde particularly the international of

Considerably expanded third edition (first published the period and the social content of the constitutional-

in 1930) of the journalist author’s synthetic daily ist revolution. Following Fabela’s death, Josefina E. notes from the turn of the century into the 1930’s. The de Fabela has directed the preparation of five addichronological treatment of important events provides tional volumes, 1965-1966, covering the maderista a panty reterence in spite of the author’s pretentious- and precursory revolutionary movements.

ness and tendentiousness. ; .

4270. V Estafiol L lucié 4275. Flores Magon, Ricardo. Batalla a la mexicana: Stanon, Jove. es "I ta ‘los » Me. dictadura (textos politicos). México,

co. 1987 a7 y 1948. 260 p. (El liberalismo mexicano

' XICO, * 4 P Ivsis of the Mex; en pensamiento y en accion 3).

Rowohution fe an the uative “iv ysis *t evi The Compilation of political texts written by Ricardo author is frequen tly critical of the revolu tio nary move- Flores Mag6n and Jesus Flores Magon in the liberal ment and of the methods and motives of its leaders. PY°CUTSOFY movement against the Diaz regine.

In addition to its utility as an antidote to accounts and 4276. Fuentes para la historia de la revolu-

. 1 istori -

evaluations written pro-Revolution cion mexicana. Rapublication hasfrom the the added virtue ofside, thethis author’s pene- Manuel s . soeGonzalez _ trating analysis of the sociopolitical structure of the mirez, director. Mexico, 1954 1959. 5 V.

Diaz regime Despite occasional partisan and nationalistic intru; sions, these volumes represent a real contribution,

4271. Wilkie, James W. The Mexican Rev- making available enormous amounts of research maolution: federal expenditure and social trreiation place the documents in historical perspec. change since 1910. F oreword by H. F. tive. Four volumes contain political plans and related vine. Berkeley, 1967. 337 p. illus., map, —gocuments (1906-1940), political manifestoes (1892 Interesting and original study of the degree of social nora, Mexico City, and the United States, and the

1D}. 1912), political caricature and documents from So-

change and the persistence of poverty on a regional contemporary press relative to the strike at Cananea.

basis during four periods that the author defines as The final volume is a re-edition of the memoirs of those of political revolution (1910-1930), social rev- Alvaro Obregon.

olution (1930-1940), economic revolution (1940— . . 1960), and balanced revolution (since 1960). There is 4277. Mexico. . Congreso Constituyente,

a close examination of the contrast between projected 1916-1917. Diario de los debates. In-

and actual budgetary expenditures. trod. por Hilario Medina. México, 1960. 2 Vv.

b. Documents The national commission for the celebration of the

160th anniversary of the proclamation of national

4272. Beteta, Ramon. Pensamiento y di- independence and of the S$0th anniversary of the Revnamica de la revoluci6n mexicana: an- oution published this new edition of the record of de documentos politico-sociales the debates of the ConstituentJan. Assembly QuerétaroH. tologia Ogia € p - from Nov. 21, 1916, through 31,of1917.

Mexico, 1950. 579 p. Medina, a member of that assembly, enriches this

An important compilation of addresses, essays and _ vital source with a historical and analytical introducperiodical pieces by a key policy maker whose acute _ tion to the new edition.

observations of national problems are useful and . , . Exstimulating. .4278. Mexico. Secretaria de Relaciones sys teriores. La labor internacional de la steel “Ble Urres | send |,Peas es. revolucion constitucionalista de México. IC. Dias pseud. - (Libro rojo). México, 1960. 445 p.

Mexico, 1921. XXXVI, 512 p. Commemorative re-edition of basic documentary

Republication of the political writings from the years work originally published by the Secretary of Foreign

1909 through 1912 of a key intellectual figure of the Relations in 1918 to detail the foreign relations of revolutionary decade. The text is enriched by numer- the Constitutionalist movement from 1913 through ous historical notes and explanations and by an ap- 1917.

pendix the principal documents ..of that consisting era. 4279.ofSilva Herzog,political Jesus, ed. La cuestion

396 SINCE INDEPENDENCE de la tierra. México, 1960-1962. 4 v. in two essays, Al’perovich analyzes Mexican postwar (Coleccién de folletos para la historia writings on Mexican-United States relations and de Méxj North-American historiography forhistory the same period e la| lucion revolucion Mexicana). on the modern and contemporary of Mexico.

These volumes represent an effort to recapture and .

preserve transitory historical materials that appeared 4285. Amaya C., Luis F. La soberana con-

in pamphlet form. Included are pamphlets, articles, vencion revolucionaria, 1914-1916. legal initiatives, and governmental reports relative to México, 1966. 465 p. illus., bibl ue land question, which appeared originally between Revisionist study of the history and purpose of the

Sovereign Revolutionary Convention. Author defines

4280. Ulloa Ortiz, Berta. Revoluci6n mexi- _ the purpose as not only to unify the revolutionary fac-

cana. 1910-1920. México. 1963. 538 tons, but also to establish the bases and goals of the

A hi histc *, diol ae " . social revolution. The monograph is solidly based on p. (Arc IVO IStOTICO Ip omatico Me€XI- documentary collections and published sources. cano: guias para la historia diplomatica

de México 3). 4286. Anaya Ibarra, Pedro M. Precursores

This publication provides an invaluable guide to the de la revoluciOn mexicana. México, content of the 259 volumes included in the ‘Mexican 1955. 122 p. (Biblioteca enciclopédica Revolution” section of the Archive of the Secretary popular. Nueva época 227)

of F Or eign Relations. The material is arranged chron- The Secretary of Public Education sponsored the ologically with the bulk of it related to the period from publication of these biographical sketches of three 1910 to 1920. The editor s introduction describes the leaders of the prerevolutionary liberal movement: resources of the archive in general and of this section Ricardo Flores Magén, Camilo Arriaga, and Praxedis

in parucutar. Guerrero. Appended is a brief article on Basilio Va-

4281. Ulloa Ortiz, Berta. La revolucién dillo by Rodolfo Delgado.

mexicana a través del Archivo de la 4287, Arenas Guzman, Diego. Del madeSecretaria de Relaciones Exteriores. rismo a los tratados de Teoloyucan. Mé| ndispensable Mexico, 1963. 99companion p. fo the author’ xico, 1955. del Instituto volume to 211 the p.(Biblioteca author’s othe

guide to the Mexican Revolution section of the Ar- Nacional de Estudios Historicos de la chive of the Secretary of Foreign Relations. This pub- Revolucion Mexicana 2). lication includes a careful analysis of the contents of | The importance of this volume, covering the Madero the archive, an explanation of her method of organiza- | Period and the Huerta interlude to the surrender of

tion of the guide, and a subject index. the federal army, is that it is based principally on material drawn from the correspondence contained in

c. Government and Politics the archive of Robles Dominguez covering the pe-

G riod 1911-1914. 4282. Aguirre Berlanga, Manuel. Génesis , , , legal de la revolucién constitucionalista. 4288. Barragan Rodriguez, Juan B. His-

5°9,.*°>4°

México, 1918. xxix, 269 p. maps toria del ejército y de la revolucion

A participant provides a succinct narrative of the constitucionalista. Mexico, 1946. 2 v. circumstances and purposes that motivated the con- illus. stitutionalist movement launched with the Plan of This detailed history of the Constitutionalist moveGuadalupe and led by Venustiano Carranza. ment was prepared by Carranza’s chief of staff. Em-

; . es phasis is on military events, and a considerable num-

4283. Al perovich, Moisei S-s and B. T. ber of letters, military reports, and other documents Rudenko. La revolucion mexicana de are included. The volumes also are enriched by the 1910-1917 y la politica de los Estados _ personal recollections of the author.

Unidos. México, 1960. 344 p. . or

An analysis, from the Marxist point of view, of United 4289. Barrera Fuentes, Flor encio. Historia

States policy toward the Mexican Revolution. The de la revolucion mexicana: la etapa preauthors consider “Yankee aggressiveness” as the cursora. México, 1955. 339 p. (Biblio-

sextemal factor of the greatest influence on the course teca del Instituto Nacional de Estudios Or bie NE VONTOn. Hist6ricos de la Revolucién Mexicana 1). 4284. Al’perovich, Moisei S., B. T. Rudenko, Based largely on data from published sources and and N. M. Lavrov. La revoluci6n mexi- _t"ascriptions from liberal periodicals like Regenerapen * tee P cion and El Hijo de Ahuizote, the volume is conCalla. cuatro estudios sovieticos. Me- cerned with the liberal precursor movement of the

xico, 1960. 177 p. Mexican Revolution during the initial decade of the

Four studies, in a Marxist framework, of the Mexican century. The Flores Magon brothers are the princiRevolution by Soviet scholars. Rudenko’s essay con- pal personages of the work, and their ideals and activ-

sists of a critical examination of the economic, social, _ ities constitute its principal themes.

and political foundations of the porfiriato; Lavrov’s . .

essay carries the study through the ‘‘democratic- 4290. Barrera Fuentes, F lor encio, ed. Cronibourgeois revolution” from 1910 to 1917; and, last, cas y debates de las sesiones de la sobe-

Mexico: Post-REVOLUTION 397 rana convencion revolucionaria. México, tica mexicana. N.Y., 1920. 242 p.

1964-1965. 3 v. (Biblioteca del Instituto A participant offers opinions, at times tendentious, Nacional de Estudios Histéricos de |g of menand political events from 1910 to 1918.

Revoluci6n Mexicana). 4298. Calzadiaz Barrera, Alberto. Hechos

Impressive series of volumes consisting of documen- reales de la revolucién. 2. ed. México, tary material related to the Convention of Aguas- 1961.2 v. illus

calientes and published in connection with the fif- This j ° ‘i ° hist f the fight; h f th tieth anniversary of that gathering, so significant in Is 18 a military history of the lighting phase of the

the history of the Mexican social revolution Revolution with emphasis on the activities ; of theMexican villistas. There are numerous documents in 4291. Basave y del Castillo Negrete, Carlos. the text and, even more important, the recollections Notas para la historia de la convencién °F leading villistas.

revolucionaria, (914-1915. México, 4299. Castillo, José R. del. Historia de la 1947. 146 p. (Papeles hist6ricos mexi- revoluciOn social de México. México,

canos 4). 1915. 320 p.

Basave’s notes are useful not only for the Conven- This is an early and contemporaneous history of the tion of Aguascalientes but also because of the light early years of the Mexican Revolution. While the they cast on various revolutionary bands and their volume is presented as a history of the period from

caudillos then active in Mexico. : 1908 to 1915, in actuality it is an ample and detailed

s . study of the decline and fall of the dictatorship of

4292. Beteta, Ramon. Camino a Tlaxcal- Diaz, which provides useful data and observations for ideo; Mexico, de M . 126 ' p. illus. the political history of Mexico in the years indicated. Extremely readable personal recollection of Carran- 4300. Castillo, Porfirio del. P uebla y Tlaxza’s flight from Mexico City and his tragic death. Un- cala en los dias de la revolucion: apuntes

ida y pensamiento de Mexico). . .

like much of the literature on this episode, Beteta’s para la historia. México, 1953. 321 p. account is not filled with partisan passion or political illus.

innuendo. An autobiography of a revolutionary leader who was 4293. Blaisdell, Lowell L. The desert rev- a Madero supporter and later state governor. The acolution. Baja California, 1911. Madison, count is particularly good for the period 1910-1918.

1962. 268 p. illus. 4301. Cosio Villegas, Daniel. Ensayos y

A sound, scholarly monograph describing the 1911 notas. México, 1966. 2 v.

movement in Baja California and its impact on Mexi- 4 significant collection of essays by one of Mexico’s can~ United States relations. The author seeks todem- foremost intellectuals, important as much for the onstrate that the impression of a separatist move- stimulating ideas advanced as for the authority with ment is false. Considerable attention is given to the which the writer analyzes Mexican events. Of key

career of Ricardo Flores Magon. significance is his examination of the end of the

4294. Bojérquez, Juan de Dios. Cronica de] ideological process of the Mexican Revolution. These constituyente. México, 1938. 752 p. volumes include the best selections from Extremos de After discussing revolutionary developments with America published originally in 1949.

emphasis on the historical antecedents of the Consti- 4302. Cumberland, Charles C. Mexican

tution of 1917, the author focuses on the chronicle ans :

of the development of the constituent assembly of Revolution: Senesis under Madero. Querétaro, subsequent reforms of the document, and Austin, 1952. 298 p. illus., map, bibl.

the benefits resulting from its operation. Nicely com- Monographic study of the Madero phase of the Mexi-

plements the Palavicini account of the Querétaro can Revolution for which printed sources available

gathering, since Bojérquez is viewing events from the and some manuscript materials were effectively used.

‘yacobin”’ point of view. The author examines the Porfirian background, the pe . Madero uprising, and the Huerta counterrevolution. nario, 1913-1917. Madrid, 1920-1941. 4303. Diaz Soto y Gama, Antonio. La re-

4295. Breceda, Alfredo. México revolucio- ;

Dv. volucion agraria del sur y Emiliano Za-

These volumes make available interesting recollec- pata, su caudillo. México, 1960. 293 p.

tions by a participant in the earlier years of the Con- This study provides not only valuable insights, but stitutionalist movement. Included are important docu- also the recollections of one of the leading intellectuals

ments from the Carranza era. of the zapatista movement.

4296. Cabrera, Luis. Veinte anos después. 4394. Dulles, John W. F. Yesterday in FE Mexico, 1937. 412 th olution was tak Mexico: a chronicle of the revolution, ssays critical of p.the direction the revolution was tak_:. ing under Cardenas. Cabrera, speaking for the liberal pb 1936. Austin, 1961. 805 p. illus.,

revolutionary tradition, differentiates between the 101. ; ; “revolution of then” and the “revolution of now.” The author, a metallurgical engineer long resident in ; , Mexico, provides a chronicle rather than an interpre-

4297. Calero, Manuel. Un decenio de poli- tative history of the years 1919 to 1936. There is a

398 SINCE INDEPENDENCE disproportionate emphasis on political events. Despite 325 p. maps, bibl. this limitation and tendency at times to accept sec- This well-written monograph, based on extensive ar-

ondary materials uncritically, this is the best account chival research, makes intelligible the critical events available of the period of dominance of the Sonoran’ of 1914-1915, particularly those related to the Con-

dynasty. vention of Aguascalientes. The author suggests the

: . revolutionary ideology. Francisco I. Madero: primera, segunda ; y tercera etapas, 1911-1912. Guadala- 4312. Ramirez Plancarte, Francisco. La ciu-

4305. Estrada, Roque. La revolucién y importance of Convention thinking in the evolving

jara, 1912. 502 p. dad de México durante la revoluci6én

These are the memoirs of a maderista follower turned constitucionalista. 2. ed. México, 1940. sour. Apart from the firsthand nature of the accounts 598 p. illus.

of some events, there is a useful résume of movements Written in 1932, this volume covers more than the prior to that led by Madero and a very critical view of title suggests. In addition to an account of what oc-

the influence of Madero’s family on him. curred in the capital, the writer also deals with the 4306. Gaxiola, Francisco J. El presidente 0q°the Convention of Aguascalientes. In many i Rodriguez, 1932-1934. Mexico, 1938. stances the author was an eyewitness of what he re-

603 p. lates. Periodicals, private archives, and other sources

An apologetic, but useful, account of the Rodriguez complement the recollections.

administration. The work begins with the assassina- ; tion of Obregon and covers the political, economic, 4313. Sanchez Azcona, Juan. La etapa and cultural aspects of the aforementioned years. maderista de la revolucion. Prol. de Sal-

4307. Gonzalez Navarro, Moisés. La Con- \Bibliotecs del Irene Nevo 7) P. federaci6n Nacional Campesina. Un Estudios His tOricos : de la R vole On

grupo de presién en la reforma agraria Mexicana 22) evorucion

Attn exreane Mexico, 1968. 333 FE nineteenth- Brief, selective, and partisan recollections of the

a presen ae apne te the. th th die maderista movement by a journalist follower of

century peasant movemen's, tHe author stucies the i Madero. Interesting eyewitness details of events bedetailed and documented antece. 5 , tweenform 1908 andvarious 1913 are included.

dents of the Confederaci6n Nacional Campesina. He ;

;.,.

traces the genesis of the organization, its relations 4314. Schmitt, Karl M. Communism in Mexwith the official party, and “its struggle to unify and ico: a study in political frustration. Aus-

defend the campesinos.” tin, 1965. 290 p. bibl

4308. Magana, Gildardo. Emiliano Zapata A survey of the communist political movement in y e] agrarismo en México. México Mexico, which the author demonstrates has been in1951-1952. v (Coleccién Revolucion attracting large-scale lower-class support a . . :5primarily becauseeffective of thein ability of the Mexican Rev-

mexicana). olution to respond to the minimum needs of popular

A firsthand account of the zapatista movement and_ groups.

its relationship successiveM. administrations. The ys OS hgserved 4315.aswith Torres, La decena tragica: author Zapata’sJuan chief of staff, and the ela BlCa volumes are important not only for the point of view apuntes para la historia del ejyército mexi-

expressed but also because of the extensive use of cano. 2. parte. La asonada militar de He papers, receive and dispatched from Zapata’s 1913. México, 1960. 150 p. , Second part of the memoirs of the late director of the 4309. Palavicini, Felix F. Historia de la archive of the Secretariat of Foreign Relations in constitucién de 1917. México, 1938. 2 v. which he relates in great detail the events of the An active participant of the constituent assembly of Decena Tragica. The combination of eal and and doe. Querétaro describes the genesis of the gathering and UmMentary material makes this a useful and valuable its makeup and provides transcriptions of the principal SOUTCe.

debates and the text of the Constitution of 1917 and 4316. Weyl, Nathaniel and Sylvia. The reamendments in effect at the time of publication. conquest of Mexico: the years of Lazaro

4310. Quevedo y Zubieta, Salvador. Manuel Cardenas. London, 1939. 394 p. map,

Gonzalez y su gobierno en México. 3. bibl. ed. Madrid, 1928. 319 p. Sympathetic account of Mexico's resurgent revolu-

‘cali the revolutionary background. They write in lively logical interpretation. . ; Te Suggestive and useful study of Manuel Gonzalez and tion during the Cardenas period. Focusing principally

his government. The author tends to offer a psycho- On Cardenas, the leftist-oriented authors also cover

fashion and provide a personal view, which is good,

4311. Quirk, Robert E. The Mexican rev- but the volume lacks completeness and impartial

olution, 1914-1915: the Convention of analysis. Aguascalientes. Bloomington, Ind., 1960. 4317. Wise, George S. El México de Ale-

MExIco: PosT-REVOLUTION 399 man. Tr. v_ prol. /de Octavio Novaro. Ethiopia, China, Austria, and Israel. The second sec-

hy , ; tion analyzes the petroleum expropriation from its

Mexico, 1952. 296 P. illus. , antecedents to its consequences. The author provides

The author studies the presidency of Miguel Alemany cefy] bibliography and reproduces an extensive (1946-1952) against a historical survey of the years oyoction of documents

since the initiation of the Revolution. The emphasis ; is on the economic and social conditions of the period 4323. Feller, Abraham H. The Mexican

under examination. claims commissions, 1923-1934: a study in the law and procedure of international

d. Foreign Relations tribunals. N.Y., 1935. 572 p.

: After a brief survey of the history of foreign claims 4318. Clendenen, Clarence C. The United against Mexico, this volume studies the operation of States and Pancho Villa: a study in un- the claims commissions that operated after 1923. conventional diplomacy. Ithaca, N.Y., Though primarily a legal study it has historical value —

..-.

1961. 352 p. illus., bibl for example in its analysis of the operation of the

Useful, despite limitations, for an understanding of Calvo clause. [C.C.G.]

the original attitude of the Woodrow Wilson adminis- 4324. Gomez Robledo, Antonio. The Butration toward Villa and the reasons for its subsequent careli agreements and international law.

Salom6én de la Selva, tr. México, 1940. 4319. Cronon, Edmund D. Josephus Daniels 728 in Mexico. Madison, 1960. 369 p. illus., This translation of a work originally published in

bibl. 1938 is the best study of the 1923 conference and reAn exemplary study of Josephus Daniels’s diplomatic sulting agreements. Analytical in character, it places

mission in Mexico, 1934-1941, based on extensive the Bucareli Agreements in the context of internause of manuscript materials. Focuses attention on the — tional law.

church-state problem, agrarian claims, and the petro- 4325. Gordon. Wendell C. The expropria-

leum expropriation. The within Roosevelt -° ff », d °inaMexM administration on the nature anddebate application of the the tion ol loreign owned property Good Neighbor policy is also highlighted. ico. N.Y., 1941. 201 p.

. . An economic and legal study of expropriation of

4320. Cuevas Cancino, Francisco M. Roose- foreign property in Mexico, including land, railroads, velt y la buena vecindad. Mexico, 1954. _ oil installations, etc., which occurred in the aftermath

551 p. bibl. of the Mexican Revolution. A detailed and docu-

This is a well-documented study on the personality mented account that makes an effort to do justice to and policy of the American president most associated the Mexican point of view. [C.C.G. ]

with the Good Neighbor approach. Considerable at- 4396, Hackett, Charles Wilson. The Mexi-

tention is paid to the Mexican proving ground for . .

that policy. can aS 61926. puted antes . , - 4s pe enone 1910-1 .and Boston, p. (Wor

4321. Fabela, Isidro. Historia diplomatica Peace Foundation. Pamphlets v. 9, no. de la revoluciOn mexicana, 1912-1917. 5) Mexico, 195 8-195 2. 2 v. illus. (Vida y An early summary of the problems that arose between

pensamiento de México). the two governments during the first decade and a

Devoted almost completely to the diplomatic relations half of the Mexican Revolution. The author takes a with the United States based on extensive documenta- moderate view sympathetic to Mexico if not to all tion drawn from the papers of Venustiano Carranza _ the actions of its government. [C.C.G.]

and the author’s personal archive. As the person in , vie .

charge of the foreign relations portfolio of the consti- 4327. Luquin, Eduardo. La politica internatutionalist movement, Fabela was an active partici- cional de la revolucion constitucionalista. pant and eyewitness of many of the matters discussed. México, 1957. 281 p. (Biblioteca del Inthe occupation of Veracruz. The second volume cov- stituto Naciona | de Estudios Historicos

itial v rs from the Decena Tragica to . . . ver

ers the episodes of Santa Isabel, Parral, El Carrizal, de la Revolucion Mexicana 10). a

Columbus, the punitive expedition, ABC mediation, Underscoring the firmness of the constitutionalist

and the conferences of Niagara Falls and New government, the author covers the international

London. policy of the Carranza movement from 1913 through . ae . 1916 in four sections: initial conflicts with the United

ardenas’s r : .

4322. Fabela, Isidr o. La politica interna- States, intervention of the Latin American countries, cional del presidente Cardenas. Pro- the evacuation of Veracruz, and the punitive expedi-

blemas Agricolas e Industriales de Me- ton. canteo. Y: ne. ee ts the Venter >: 37117. 4328. Quirk, Robert E. An affair of honor:

examines the administration’s international policy. Woodrow Wilso n and the occupation of The first part describes Mexico’s attitude in the Veracruz. Lexington, Ky., 1962. 184 p. League of Nations regarding the problems of Spain, bibl.

400 SINCE INDEPENDENCE This monograph, which deservedly won recognition and economic change through rural education. He from the Mississippi Valley Historical Association, | combines both a historical account of rural education is a detailed, readable, and well-documented account _ efforts since the Revolution with an analysis of speof the American occupation of Veracruz in 1914. — cific problems and the success and failures of specific Quirk concludes that the Wilson policy, however ad- _ efforts to solve them.

in th eh , ible 1 ctice. mirableint ann anaes 4335. Salazar, Rosendo. La Casa del Obre4329. Saenz, Aaron. La politica interna- ro Mundial. México, 1962. 286 p. illus.

cional de la revolucion: estudios y docu- A member of the Casa del Obrero Mundial narrates mentos. Prol. de Manuel Gonzéalez me history of Mexican unionism in general and of the Ramirez. Mexico, he I. XXX 519 p. of personal experiences as well as documents related (Vida y pensamiento de Mexico ). . to the subject. Despite an impossible style, the volume

, ys . asa in particular. Woven into the text are accounts

Essentially a defense of Mexico’s international policy jis a good testimonial. in the Obregon administration and after by an active ; ; participant. Though partisan, the volume is rich in 4336. Sanchez Vargas, Gustavo. Origenes y

documentation and excerpts of the writings of the evoluciéon de la seguridad social en Méprincipal on the subjects treated. Al-reprintings. xico. México, 1963. 136 p." (Biblioteca halfcommentators the book is devoted to such " aera

most half the book is dev nen TS PEIBS de ensayos sociolégicos. Cuadernos de

Fr d Society sociologia).

e. Economy ana yociely In this official work of limited value, the author traces

, the antecedents of social security in the nineteenth

4330. Mosk, Sanford A. Industrial revolu- ang early twentieth century with particular emphasis tion in Mexico. Berkeley, 1950. 331 p. on the tentative moves during the Obreg6n and Calles This is a well-written, useful account of tendencies periods prior to its establishment in 1940. Concluding and problems in the industrial sector of the develop- section consists of an examination of the economic, ing Mexican economy. Principal attention is focused _ political, and social principles of the institution.

on developments since 1939. Mosk discusses in detail 4337. Sil , . ae

the shift from agrarian reform to support of industrial- - ol va Her zog, J esus. La €xproplacion

ization and the emergence of the “New Group” of del petrdleo en México. México, 1963.

industrialists to a position of influence. 171 p.

4331. Novo, Salvador. La vida en México This is one of the best studies of the subject and for ° , - . , which the author was able to draw on his firsthand en el periodo- presidencial de Lazaro contact with the expropriation situation. He presents

Cardenas. Mexico, 1965. 825 p. a panorama of the circumstances that made possible

This collection of incisive periodical articles portrays the action of the Mexican government. Historical life during the last three years of the Cardenas ad- data on the industry and the role of foreign companies, ministration as Mexico begins a new era and the world _ the texts of laws, reports, contracts, etc., are included.

goes through crisis. This is the first of a series of five . oe - og volumes aimed at providing insights to the economic, 4338. Simpson, Eyler N. The ejido: Mexico S

political, social, and cultural development of Mexico. way out. Chapel Hill, 1937. 849 p. illus.,

“7 soo. soe ~ rian prooviem oO

4332. Parra, Manuel G. La industrializa- TenaPs, bibl. study of the agrari blem of

c10n de Mexico. Mexico, 1954, 203 p. Mexico and the cardenista effort to resolve it in terms

(Coleccion cultura mexicana 9). of both traditional and modern versions of the com-

Responding to the criticisms of Frank Tannenbaum munal landholding village. Case studies of six comand Sanford Mosk, one of the architects of modern munities, rich in ethnological materials, are included.

Mexican industrialization traces its development and .

defends the policy promoting it. 4339. Whetten, Nathan L. Rural Mexico.

Chicago, 1948. xxv,petro671 p. illus., 4333. Powell, Jack ;R. The Mexican ; s Pmaps , PS;

leum 1938-1950. Berkelematerial bibl. “sti “al jlargely dated, € ¥Y>industry, F . : y; Although the statistical is now 1956. 269 p. (Publications of the Bureau this valuable volume still merits consultation for sym-

of Business and Economic Research. pathetic examination of the agrarian and agricultural

University of California). development and consequences of the Revolution and

A study of the social and economic effectiveness of | the character of rural life in Mexico. the Mexican petroleum industry from the expropria-

tion of the properties of the foreign oil companies in . March, 1938, through 1950. f. Literature

4334. Ruiz, Ramon E. Mexico: the challenge 4340. Azuela, Mariano. The underdogs. Tr.

of poverty and illiteracy. San Marino, by Enrique Munguia. Preface by CarleCalif., 1963. 234 p. bibl. (Huntington ton Beals. illus. by J. Clemente Orozco.

Library publications). N.Y., 1929. 224 p.

Despite shortcomings, this is auseful volumein which Published originally in Spanish as Los de abajo: the author examines Mexico’s efforts to achieve social cuadro de la revolucién mexicana in 1916 and the

Mexico: POsT-REVOLUTION 40] object of numerous editions since, this is the proto- ground, student days, political activity, military type of the genre known as the “‘novel of the Mexican career, and death.

Revolution.”” This work and others provide excellent : . .

insight to the character and motivation of the anony- 4348. Cervantes, F ederico. Francisco Villa

Revolution. illus. . . . General Felipe Angeles’s chief of staff provides a

mous peasant bands that fought during the Mexican y la revolucion. México, 1960. 828 p.

wal perrera Frim on Celesting, orrigos sympathetic account of Villa’s role in the Mexican € la Nevolucion. Mexico, 19 - 169 p. Revolution with emphasis on military events. The

Consists of three parts: the reproduction of 37 co- volume is enriched by transcriptions of documentary

rridos treating of personages and notable events ofthe _ materials and the recollections of Cervantes and felRevolution; a brief study of the origin and nature of —|ow villistas.

the corrido; and illustrations of the typical music em- . ; ;

ployed to accompany the corridos. 4349. Daniels, Josephus. Shirt-sleeve dip-

, .Lopez oa: lomat. ChapelGregorio. Hill, N.C., 1947. 547 p. 4342. y Fuentes, El indio. , P , P 2. ed. México, 1937. 269 p. ill illus., maps. | - €d. INMLEXICO, ot Pp. ulus. The memoirs of the sympathetic gentleman who

The novelist here turns his attention from the Revolu- headed the American Embassy for nine years, 1933tion to the problem of the Indian in one af Mexico’s 1941. More revealing of the nature of the author and

best-known and most influential novels. An English his reactions than of the diplomatic problems with edition was published with a translation prepared by which he had to deal.

Anita Brenner and illustrations by Diego Rivera. } ; . .

4343. Lé Fuentes. G ‘o. Tierra: 4350. Flores Magon, Enrique. Combatimos £3 oper 9, Ruentes Gregorio. Tietz: “la teania: un pionero_ Fevolcioari

México. a 5 © Jesis , mexicano cuenta su historia Samuel ; , P. | 1932 Kaplan. Amaya Topete, tr.aMéxi-

In this novel of themovement. Mexican Revolution the1958. author (Bibli del delInstituto I. emphasizes the zapatista After describing CO, 323 p.)Iphoteca rural life in Morelos under Diaz, he turns to episodes Nacional de Estudios Historicos de la

of the agrarian struggle led by Zapata and, finally, the Revoluci6n Mexicana 13). legend of the revolutionary leader after his death. The youngest brother of Ricardo Flores Magon re-

. counts events from 1893 until 1923 including opposi4344. Morton, F. Rand. Los no velistas de tion to Diaz, persecution in Mexico and the United la revolucion mexicana. Mexico, 1949. | states, and the revolutionary efforts and failures of

270 p. the Liberal Party. Weak in some details and in its

A dual contribution to the study of the genre knownas __ presentation of the ideology of the movement, it is a the novel of the Revolution. The author offers bio- | moving memoir nonetheless.

bibliographical data and, on the authors who have written 4351. GarciaNemesio. N ‘o. N Viemorias. ‘io. M . works in this category in addition, has undertaken - Garcia Naranjo, an analysis of the ingredients of the form. The writer Monterrey, 1958-1962. 9 v.

underscores the importance of these novels asasource This voluminous autobiography of a conservative for an understanding of the revolutionary movement. journalist and intellectual offers much material for

the historian despite its passion and partisanship. The

. . early volumes provide a view of Porfirian society, g. Biograp hies while the latter ones give the author’s view of the rise . ° . and fall of Madero and the administration of Huerta,

4345. Alessio Robles, Miguel. A medio during which Garcia Naranjo was minister of public camino. México, [1949]. 273 p. (Colec- — jnstruction.

cion Stylo de escritores mexicanos anti- , .

guos y a dernos) 4352. Gonzalez Garza, Federico. La revolu-

Memoirs of an eyewitness and participant that are of cion mexicana: mi contr ibucion politicointerest primarily for the view of the principal revolu- literaria. México, 1936. 474 p. illus.

tionary figures. The initial volume covers the author’s A collaborator of Madero incorporates what he wrote youth and student days, 1904-1917, while the second between 1909 and 1913 as well as letters of Madero

. . . electionist movement. 4346. Alessio Robles, Vito. Mis andanzas ; ; oo, con nuestro Ulises. México, 1938. 387 p. 4353. Guzman, Martin L. El aguila y la servolume covers the four following years. to Gonzalez Garza and items related to the anti-reExcellent firsthand account of the Vasconcelos presi- piente. Madrid, 1928. 402 p.

dential campaign in 1929. An account of the author’s relations with several rev-

. . olutionary leaders, including a superb character study

1943. 381 p. illus. , , ;

4347. Cervantes, Federico. Felipe Angeles of Villa. Two years later it was published in an English

y la revolucion de 1913. 3. ed. México, translation by Harriet de Onis.

Sympathetic biography of Francisco Villa’s principal 4354. Guzman, Martin L. Memoirs of Panmilitary associate and advisor by the latter’s chief of cho Villa. Virginia H. Taylor, tr. Austin, staff. Cervantes describes Angeles’s family back- 1965. 512 p. illus., map.

402? SINCE INDEPENDENCE One of Mexico’s leading writers provides a life of | 1915. The material includes comments on events and Villa to 1915 in autobiographical form. The volume _ personalities as well as descriptions of life in Mexico.

offers an excellent and sympathetic insight to the rev- os rye .

olutionary leader as well as to others. The account 4361. Palavicini, Felix F. Mi vida revoluis based on villista documentary materials and the cionaria. México, 1937. 558 p. author’s recollections of his participation in the move- A discussion of the causes of the precursory move-

ment. ments and description of events of the first decade and . a half of the Revolution by an active participant in

on ONO de la uerta segun su pro- . . , del Lic. Roberto1957. Guzman Esparza. tecaillus. mexicanaaé. anaes a) /< V. , México, 335 p.

e>- nueras aati la. Memorias de the maderista and carrancista phases.

pio dictado. Transcripcio6n y comentario 1502. pan sete 1950. 2 w (Bitlin

Apologetic biography of a member of the Sonora The original faition of mis work (1943 ~1945) "hat triumvirate by one of his followers who had access to duced or Family d wi h © new ‘tual chanees. de

De la Huerta’s notes and papers. The volume, which [T° bes he ublic lif we the ax the "The “nifial .

must be used with caution because of its partisan bias, S©Mbes the im IC HT "th © th the Ob © inva sod.

covers all aspects of the subject’s political career and and ha cen d lume roug M © tp the cle , touches on such international matters as the Lamont- @"¢t e Keita C vo cho Th ers bee et 0 c “tine De la Huerta and Bucareli agreements. The accounts aa OF “Avi of life un de, Di © ma er IS he cresting of relationships with key revolutionary leaders are !0F Its view ot life under Diaz, the latter sections are a

interesting. real contribution ne history of the economic and a ; a inancial to resurgence of Mexico. 1590 a eee was Felix Diaz. Mexico, 4363 portes Gil, Emilio. Quince afios de

67 tp. INUS. . politica mexicana. 2. ed. Mexico, 1941.

Laudatory biography by one who collaborated in 575

Diaz’s counterrevolutionary movements. Useful for J ?P. ful ~ for th litical lif

the view it provides of one of the major opposition 0 important and use a 530°. P ort GH deca b c

forces. It is particularly important for the period from Of the late 1920's and 1930's. Portes Gil describes

1912 to 1924. how his candidacy arose detalls now herights, dealtresolution with variousand problems: organized labor’s

4357. Magdaleno, Mauricio. Las palabras of the conflict with the clergy, autonomy of the Uni-

perdidas: vinetas de oeak withalso Russia, and | the a : election ofAlberto OrtizBeltran. Rubio.versily, The aoc memorist describes Mexico, on Miade5)Mexico). illus. (Vida y his roleA. as Rodriguez governor of and Tamaulipas andand his collaborapensamiento tion with Cardenas answers

A well-known novelist recounts his recollections of attacks by Lombardo Toledano. the Vasconcelos campaign in 1929. He includes a .

large number of documents: correspondence, mani- 4364. Ross, Stanley R. Francisco I. Madero,

festoes, and newspaper articles. His observations in- apostle of Mexican democracy. N_Y.,

clude a number of brilliant insights. 1955. 378 p. illus., maps, bibl.

4358. Meyer, Michael C. Mexican:rebel: Biographicay stueyon of the evolution based exinitiator iV or ne amentay Pascual Orozco and the Mentcan Mev materials in both public and private collections, in-

OO .nee incon,translated €0., cluding papers of the subject. A Spanishinedition, p. ulus. by the Edelberto Torres, was published Mex-

This monograph provides a careful, documented study ico City in 1959.

of the significant and eventful revolutionary career of ne P y Pascual Orozco, Jr., and in the process sheds light on 4365. Townsend, William C. Lazaro Carthe process at the local level in Chihuaaan democrat. Ann Arbor, huarevolutionary and the surrounding area. 1952. 379 denas: p. illus.

. : Viewing Cardenas as symbolic of the best in Mexico,

4339. Nicolson, Harold. Dwight Morrow. the author’s biographical study is admittedly biased

N.Y., 1935. 409 p. illus. in favor of the subject, whom he knew personally and

Commissioned by Morrow’s widow, this biography is admired greatly. The writer’s penetrating observabased on the Morrow papers and extensive contacts tions, forceful analysis, and understanding, however, with the subject’s associates. Two extended chapters = make this volume more than a simple laudatory preare devoted to Morrow’s significant diplomatic mis- sentation.

sion, osto, 4366. Mexico (1927-1929). . . ps de la Urquizo, Francisco L. Paginas

4360. O’Shaughnessy, Edith L. A diplomat’s revolucién. México, 1956. 274 p. (Biblio-

wife in Mexico: diplomatic days. N.Y., teca del Instituto Nacional de Estudios

1916-1917. 355 p. illus. , Histéricos de la Revolucién Mexicana).

The wife of the embassy official who became enaree Memoirs of one of the active participants in the move-

d'affaires when Henry Lane Wilson was recalled ments led by Madero and Carranza.

published in these two volumes her correspondence . . i ; written at the United States Embassy from 1913 to 4367. Valadés, José C. Imaginacion y reali-

CENTRAL AMERICA 403 dad de Francisco I. Madero. México, 4369. Vasconcelos, Jose. Ulises criollo: La

1960. 2 v. illus. tormenta; El desastre; El proconsulado.

This is the finest Mexican biography of the initiator of México, 1936-1938. 4 v. the Mexican Revolution. Analyzing the appearance These volumes constitute a major autobiographical and reality of Madero, the author makes extensive use _ effort. Perhaps more important as literature than hisof manuscript materials and provides considerable tory, the content is invaluable for insights to the signifi-

new material on Madero’s family antecedents. cant author and his view of the important role he

; played in the second and third decades of the present

4368. Vasconcelos, José. Obras completas. century. Ed. y prologo de Antonio Castro Leal. 4370. Vazquez Gémez, Francisco. Memorias

Laurel). 599 p.

México, 1957-1961. 4 v. (Coleccion politicas, 1909-1913. México, 1933.

Complete writings of a contradictory Mexican pensa- An important memoir by one of the leading figures of dor (1882-1959) renowned in the 1920’s as a progres- _ the Madero rebellion and administration and the politisive minister of education but later he reacted against cal activity which preceded the revolutionary out-

progressive policies of national and local govern- break. The author had ties with the Diaz regime, was ments. An egocentric, facile writer, more popularthan a prominent follower of Bernardo Reyes, and became

profound, active in politics. [1.L. ] Madero’s running mate in 1910.

B. Central America WILLIAM J. GRIFFITH

A review of Central American historiography for recent decades reveals a signal development in progress. Conventional writing on national history in that area has been notable more for volume than for quality, a trait largely due to the circumstance that most of the traditional authorities, as well as the authors of much of the derivative literature, wrote in a spirit of contentious partisanship rather than of impartial investigation. The tradition has not entirely vanished, but it appears to be in sharp decline, and reputable history has gained correspondingly.

That the tempo of this change has been particularly rapid of late is attested by the frequency with which recent publication dates occur in the ensuing list.

The trend toward greater responsibility in historical writing began with investigators who recognized the need to return to the original sources and who uncovered, examined, and carefully weighed the relevant evidence. The earliest publications resulting from such research display familiarity with archival material and often admirable objectivity in presentation, but they do not always carry the full apparatus of scholarship. These appurtenances, however, are becoming increasingly characteristic of the best work done in the area.

The growth of professionalism among Central American historians has been assisted by other internal developments. Increasing numbers of young scholars have received professional training in the universities of the region and abroad, and their publications have provided models for general emulation. The trend may also have been encouraged by the declining relevance in Central American life of traditional issues that tended to hold national authors in partisan bondage to individuals and parties of the past.

Some circumstances within the region, however, still hinder historians from making full use of their capabilities. The absence of adequate bibliographical

404 SINCE INDEPENDENCE aids, the small number of significant library and archival collections in the area, time often committed to other necessary employment, and the concomitant difficulty of arranging and financing periods of work away from home all combine to restrict research opportunities. In consequence, research topics frequently are narrowly defined in time or in concept and draw upon only such material as is locally available. The same set of circumstances, to which may be added the common absence of personal papers even for the most prominent individuals, usually limits biographical works to sketches of public actions. Foreign scholars have also contributed a number of solid studies on Central American history. In part, this development may be a by-product of increasing extraneous involvement in the area. Large-scale foreign economic investment

at the turn of the century, sometimes accompanied by settlement of foreign nationals; crystallization of interest in an isthmian waterway and construction of

the Panama Canal; interventions, actual or contemplated, during the early decades of this century; social revolutions, confused by threats of communist infiltration; basic studies, sponsored by national and international agencies, of conditions affecting development in the area; and inauguration of the Organization of Central American States and the Central American Common Market may all be cited as cause for quickened interest by foreign scholars in the area. Whether

these developments have indeed motivated historical investigations, the topics they suggest are well represented among the entries below and largely account for the emphasis on recent history.

The increased scholarly production of recent years has not been uniformly distributed either by political units, by time periods, or by fields of history. Of the individual countries, Costa Rica and Guatemala have most often provided subjects for serious study, perhaps because their large and well-managed national archives afford the best research opportunities in the region. Major interest for internal history centers on the first twenty years of independence (1821-1840) and the second quarter of the twentieth century. Except for general works that span the interval and topical studies dealing with intrusive interests, such as the canal question and the filibuster war, the intervening years are largely barren. As subject matter, political and military topics, the traditional themes of polemical literature, appear also to command the greatest interest among serious scholars. Studies on economic, social, and cultural subjects are scattered, but some are of exceptional quality. Simplistic interpretations have not entirely lost vogue, but a tendency may be noted toward more sophisticated diagnosis. Concern with economic influences

on national life, for example, has helped to advance explanations for developments more rational than the mere virtue or malevolence of men and nations. Association of economic phenomena with foreign imperialism, however, has in many instances resulted only in substitution of a new demon for the old, and the tendency to accept economic determinism as a ready-made framework for interpretation may promise only that one dialectic is to be supplanted by another. Encouraging as has been the recent production of solid books, shorter studies, and articles in professional journals, the gaps are by no means filled. Some of the remaining deficiencies are suggested by this brief sketch and by the abbreviated sections, or the voids, that appear under some categories in the following lists. Perhaps the most pressing needs can be summarized as bibliographical aids of all sorts, published collections of relevant documents, and especially an extended

CENTRAL AMERICA 405 series of diversified monographs and biographies of sufficient depth to reveal motivations and the play of forces that have shaped Central American development. Such works will provide the essential groundwork of understanding that must precede interpretation of Central American history on any basis more secure than intuition or hypothesis.

1. Central America as a Whole troductory essay discusses recent additions to biblio—— ; graphical literature and general reference works. The a. Bibliographies and Guides annotated listings include bibliographies in general, 4371. Childs, James B. The memorias of the

. . subject, and country categories. republics of Central America and of the b. General Antilles. Washington, 1932. 170 p. ; A listing for each Central American (and Caribbean) 4376. Montufar y Rivera Maestre, Lorenzo.

country, introduced by a brief essay on the evolution Resena historica de Centro América. of its cabinet, of all known memorias issued by the Guatemala, 1878-1888. 7 v. illus.

various ministries. Nineteenth-century narrative political history written 4372. Doyle, Henry Grattan. A tentative by a militant Central American Liberal in justification

“Ld: _ of his party. It deals with the initial Liberal-Conserva-

bibliograp ny. of the belles lettres of the tive conflict after independence and carries the acrepublics o Centra merica. ©amM- count from about 1828 to about 1860. Documents are bridge, 1935. 136 p.(Harvard Council on extensively quoted, and selected substantiating docuHispanic-American Studies. Bibliog- ments are reprinted in the text and at the end of some

raphies of Spanish American literature), °haPters.

Alphabetical listing by authors, grouped by country 4377. Munro, Dana G. The five republics of known or supposed nationality, of works by literary of Central America: their political and

figures, Aend. list economic of current news- ic and d | dtheir theirela, papers andincluding periodicalshistorians. appears at the development

; _. oo tions with the United States. N.Y., 1918.

4373. Griffith, William J. The historiog- 332 p. map, bibl.

raphy of Central American since 1830. The standard twentieth-century work in English. It HAHR. v. 40, Nov., 1960: 548-569. takes cognizance of issues during the first half-century

“This survey deals primarily with works on Central of independence, and of policies pursued by neoAmerican history since 1830 published since 1920.” Liberal regimes after 1870, but the emphasis is on Cites reprints of contemporary memoirs; works onthe foreign economic and political influence, particularly Federation and tne Central American Union; mono- _ by the United States, rather than on internal developgraphs on the National Period, political and military ments. Written before the issues vital to contemporary themes; biographies; and economic studies. [S.B. ] Central America had been recognized, it is dated, but

. still useful.

4374. Schuster, Edward. Guide to law and

legal literature of Central American re- c. Sources

publics. N.Y., 1937. 153 p. (American Foreign Law Association, Bibliographies 4378. Costa Rica. Laws, statutes, ete. Comof foreign law 11). pilacion de leyes no insertas en colec-

A review of the literature on general and comparative ciones oficiales formada por el lic. don law for Central America introduces a topically divided Cleto Gonzalez Viquez. San José, 1936section on each Central American country and Pan- 1947.2¥

ama. The American appendix covers juridical aspects the forA:.,. mal Central unions. collection of laws, orders,of official communications,

etc. of federal government from 1823 through 1831.

Ls: . ° . "several foreigners. bibliography, indexes, guides. In A. ; oo Curtis Wilgus, ed. The Caribbean: the 4379. Garcia, Miguel A. Diccionario his-

4375. Zimmerman. Irene. Central America: !2¢c!udes some unusual items, such as naturalization of

Central American area. Gainesville, torico enciclopédico de la Republica de

1961. p. 345-378. E] Salvador. San Salvador, 1927-1951.

The most current select listing and appraisal of bibliog- 13 v. raphies on Central America and Panama. The in- Miscellany of reprinted contemporary material and

406 SINCE INDEPENDENCE later publications on Central American figures and 4385. Mack, Gerstle. The land divided: a events alphabetically arranged. The thirteen volumes history of the Panama canal and other coer those whose initial letters range from ABA to isthmian canal projects. N.Y., 1944. 650,

; , XXXIV p. illus., maps, bibl.

4380. Garcia, Miguel A. El doctor J osé Ma- probably the best single-volume treatment of the subtias Delgado: homenaje en el primer cen- ject. It is well balanced, comprehensive, fully docu-

tenario de su muerte, 1832-1932. San mented, and copiously illustrated.

Salvador, 1933-1939. 2 v. illus. (His 4386. Moreno, Laudelino. Historia de las Diccionario historico enciclopédico de relaciones interstatuales de Centrola Reptblica de El Salvador). _ | américa. Prélogo de Rafael Altamira. MaThese volumes supplement on this special topic the drid, 1928. 507 p. map, bibl. (Monogramaterial published in alphabetical arrangement. fias hispanoamericanas 1). 4381. Valle, Rafael H., ed. La anexiOn de Topics discussed include attempts at Central AmeriCentro América 4 México (Documentos 4" union, the filibuster war, boundary disputes, revy escritos de 1821—-[ 1828]). México, olutions thought to be supported by other states, ‘bl(Archivo . or foreign etc.events Moresubsequent than two-thirds of the 1924-1 949. 6 Vv. bibl. histO-interventions, volume concerns to the Pacts of rico diplomatico mexicano 11, 24,40; 2. Washington of 1907. ser. 3-4, 7). Convenient collection of documents, with place of pre- e. Economy, Society, Culture vious publication shown, chiefly for the years 1821-

1823 relating to Mexican rule in Central America. 4387. Adams, Richard N. Cultural surveys

- of Panama-Nicaragua-Guatemala-El Sal-

d. Government and Politics vador-Honduras. Washington, 1957. 669

4382. Gallardo, Ricardo, ed. Las constitu- p. maps, bibl. (Pan American Sanitary ciones de la Reptiblica Federal de Cen- Bureau. Scientific publications 33). tro-América. Prologo de Manuel Fraga o12tteg communities in each country, delineates for [Iribarne]. Madrid, 1958. 2 V. bibl. (Las each the rural “‘Countryman” culture in the midconstituciones hispanoamericanas 10). 1950’s that characterizes Central America, except Volume one is a historical disquisition on Central for the larger cities.

American politics, constitutional law, and related sub- . os .

jects. The three parts of volume two cover major 4388. Grubb, Kenneth G. Religion in Censubstantive actions by the National Constituent As- tral America. London, 1937. 147 p. illus., sembly; the three federal constitutions (1824, 1898, maps. 1921); and an appendix of 79 selected illustrative doc- Ay account of Protestant missionary activity in Cenuments from the Cortes of Cadiz and the Organization —t--4) America

of Central American States. The 84-page bibliography : ; is not highly selective. 4389. Holleran, Mary P. Church and state in 4383. Herrarte, Alberto. La unién de Cen- Suatemala. Cohan 1949. 359 PS ae troamérica, tragedia y esperanza: en- ate 1bI. (Columbia wmiversity; aru a sayo politico-social sobre la realidad de SA gy Ory economics and puolie law Centroamerica, Guatemala, 1955. 581 P. Church state issues under the federation occupy one

Maps. (Coleccion documentos 13). , third of the text. Discusses the patronage question,

A significant assessment of the union question that iyi] vs. ecclesiastical pre-eminence, and state creafinds the causes of disunity to stem principally from tion of bishoprics. the historical circumstances of Central American local

development. It urges Central Americans to lay aside 4390. Pérez, Rafael. La compania de Jesus special interests and to make the most of the oppor- eri Colombia y Centro- América después

tunity afforded by the current movement toward re- 7 . _

. 3 V. UUs.

gional cooperation and economic integration. “ 9 3.3 eee Valladolid, 1896

4384. Karnes, Thomas L. The failure of Annalistic account, largely from Jesuit archives, of union: Central America, 1824-1960. activities of the order in Guatemala. Nicaragua, and Chapel Hill, 1961. 277 p. illus., map, Costa Rica (and Colombia) from 1851 until it was ex-

bibl P P P pelled from Central America in the 1880’s.

A realistic appraisal of the Central American quest 4391. Spain, Mildred W. And in Samaria: a for political union that reckons the forces impeding story of fifty years’ missionary witness in

unitymovement to overmatch those impelling it; consequently, A . 1890-1940. the appears to be supported more byCentral emo- entra mer Ica, .Dall allas, tion and specious argument than by objective fact and 1940. 269 p. illus., maps.

reason. An account of the Central American Mission carried

CENTRAL AMERICA 407 on since 1891 by a nondenominational fundamentalist del general Francisco Morazan. 2. ed.

Protestant association. Tegucigalpa, 1931. 523 p. illus.

4392. Valle, Rafael H. Historia las ideas published inby 1899, this standard of Z ; se orazandehas beenvist retouched admirers andportrait deface contemporaneas en Centro-America. by enemies, but the added details have been of slight

México, 1960. 306 p. (Fondo de cultura cumulative significance. Little new evidence has been economica. Coleccion Tierra firme. His- adduced for more significant interpretations of either

toria de las ideas en América 6). the public or private man.

Notable synthesis and analysis with extensive biblio- 4399. Meléndez Chaverri, Carlos. El presgraphical notes of Central American and Panamanian s Z 2 thought during the first half of the twentieth century. bitero y doctor Jose Matias Delgado on

Discusses such traditional issues as democracy and la forja de la nacionalidad centr oameridictatorship, church and state: then such intellectual cana. San Salvador, 1962. 357 p. illus., categories as journalism, history, law, aesthetics. One maps. (Biblioteca J osé Matias Delgado

chapter devoted to sources of ideological influence. 4) 4393. Young, John P. Central American One of four prize biographies of Delgado in a competicurrency and finance. Princeton, 1925. tion commemorating the sesquicentennial of the up-

258 p map bibl rising of 1811.

A country-by-country history of coinage, monetary 4400. Rodriguez, Mario. A Palmerstonian policy, and public and private banking chiefly after diplomat in Central America: Frederick independence. Contributes incidentally to history of Chatfield, Esq. Tucson, 1964. 385 p. economic development and to social illus., history. .. maps, bibl.

f. 1821-1842 , . Chatfield’s relations with local governments and his An archival study primarily concerned with diplomatic

questions between 1834 and 1852, but the nature of

, . ae : . ° ° Yav

4394. Arce, Manuel J : Memoria, comentada talent for prying make it informative also on internal

por Modesto Barrios. 4. ed. San Salva- _ politics.

dor, 1959. 314 p. (Coleccién historia 4). L

Arce’s defense of his administration (1830) with other 4401 C teph one J ohn cpreidents or vo vel

authors’ versions of events juxtaposed. Included are in entra erica, lapas, an a-

Arce’s notes on reorganization of Central America tan. Richard L. P redmore, ed. New

(1847) and documents on the annexation of Sonsonate Brunswick, 1949. 2 v. illus., maps.

to El Salvador (1824). An account rich in incident and in descriptions of con. , ditions of travel, of cities and countrysides, social cus-

p. illus., bibl. , ae eer,

4395. Baumgartner, Louis E. Jose del Valle toms, political issues and personalities, and economic of Centr al America. Durham, 1963. 302 activities, as well as of Maya ruins.

A political biography of independent Central Ameri- 4402. rascal. aga. Pe Rau’ y la ca’s leading intellectual. Fresh manuscript material republica Tedera Cc entro- merica.

eration. . y 73 :

contributes to understanding of independence and an- Madrid, 1958. 220 p. illus., bibl. (Seminexation to Mexico, but relatively brief coverage of nario de Estudios Americanistas. Facula le s last decade limits the light thrown on the Fed- tad de Filosofia vy Letras. Universidad de

Madrid. Anexo de ‘“Trabajos y Con4396. Chamorro Zelaya, Pedro J. Historia ferencias”’ 1). de la _ Federacion de la América Central, An archival study or the public career in Central . . merica of a former Napoleonic officer that illustrates

A 182 3 1840. M adrid, 1 721. O44 P » bibl. h the significant role played by foreign soldiers of forC a i we en fis Fede, ti € the ed emise Of the tune and illuminates both the break between Arce and

temporary printed cnaterial by bo fh Liberals tnd Con. the Liberals in 1826 and the civil war of 1826-1829.

servatives for facts, but prefers the Conservative 4403. Thompson, George A. Narrative of an

sources for interpretation. official visit to Guatemala from Mexico.

; . ccount by a British agent sent in o evaluate

4397. Garcia Granados, Miguel. Memo- A London, I 829.9 28 P. set 1895 t luat

(Biblioteca de culters scpular 37 jon oS the prospects of the Central American republic. Re-

! OU cords events and personalities in the capital and statis-

an Account a onservative ne ele tea tics calculations on various aspects of economic amily, andoFhis associateshow from abou Ooand ; tivitv.

especially full after 1820. Treats political and military

matters at length, gives valuable sidelights on eco- 4404. Townsend Ezcurra, Andrés. Fundanomic matters, excellent sketches of contemporary cion de la republica. I. Documentos y

personalities, and material for social history. estudios en torno a la Asamblea Na4398. Martinez Lopez, Eduardo. Biografia cional Constituyente de Centroamé€rica.

408 SINCE INDEPENDENCE Guatemala, 1958. 283 Dp. (Publicaciones publications supplement rather than supersede it.

del Instituto de Antropologia e Historia 4411, Squier, Ephraim G. The states of Cen-

de Guatemala). . tral America. N.Y., 1858. 782 p. illus.,

An archival study of the Constituent Assembly map, bibl.

through yy 0, win topic cligests a ane a aft, The most complete work on Central America by the “ae of the cn tt ie oT he orn i S bli h d United States diplomatic agent and promoter who suping of the constituuon. te omy volume pubusned. plemented observation with research, but let his

1843-187] prejudices show.

S: . . 4412. Walker, William. The war in Nica-

4405. Belly, Félix. A travers |’ Amérique ragua. Mobile, 1860. 431 p. map. _ Centrale. Le Nicaragua et le canal inter- walker eee tical mancuvenne in Nicovagua,

océanique. Paris, 1867. 2 v. maps. Is molves, the poll

Report on observations by a French publicist in his plans, and the military operations of the filibuster

Nicaragua and to a lesser extent Costa Rica and :

Guatemala, with special attention to canal routes and to his own negotiations on that subject. h. 1871-1944

4406. Costa Rica. Comision de Investiga- 4413. Beals, Carleton. Banana gold. Philacion Historica de la Campana de 1856— delphia, 1932. 367 p. illus.

1857. Documentos relativos a la guerra Critical report on United States policies, activities,

416p. .ruit Company operations, some e1; and the campaign against Sandino, whose stronghold contra los filibusteros. San José, 1956. and personne! in Centra America, bach cnited

Centennial collection of documents on Central Amer- he claims to have visited for extended observation ican events, 1853-1855, including diplomatic relations and interviews

among the states, related to the advent of Walker. " oo, Index of documents. 4414. Guzman Selva, Enrique. Diario in4407. Montufar y Rivera Maestre, Lorenzo. timo (Relaciones politicas y personales

Memorias autobiograficas. Guatemala,de aes. aManagua, ne avn de nae199 »e 60 p. e 1898. 614 p. illus. octubre

The personal memoir of a Guatemalan Liberal whose ‘40 ennas recor or personalities and anaiaes in militant partisanship resulted in a shifting residence Suatemala any Ideral Nicaraguan exe Wo, VIewand a varied career divided among Guatemala, E] '%8 MS clos co soe be. rom et and Justo ae Be Salvador, and Costa Rica. The account ends at about ‘TOS at Close range, became disillusioned with Liberals the mid-1870’s. and turned Conservative.

4408. Palma Martinez, Ildefonso. La guerra 4415. Kepner, Charles D. Social aspects of nacional, sus antecedentes y subsecuen- __ the banana industry. N.Y., 1936. 230 p.

tes tentativas de invasiOn: sintesis de map, bibl. (Columbia University. Studies los sucesos principales. Edicién de cen- in history, economics, and public law tenario, 1856-1956. Managua, 1956. 645 An attempt to rectify what the author conceives to be

p. illus., bibl. ve ; ; overemphasis on constructive aspects of United Fruit

A judicious politicomilitary history of the filibuster Company operations by documenting the deleterious period in Nicaragua. Major documents are Teprinte¢ effects of company policies and activities on the welin the text: the bibliography is described as “‘partial. fare of Central American nationals.

4409. Scherzer, Carl. Travels in the free 4416. Kepner, Charles D., and Jay H. Sooth-

states of Central America: Nicaragua, ill. The banana empire: a case study of Honduras, and San Salvador. London, — economic imperialism. N.Y., 1935. 392 p.

1857. 2 v. map. illus., bibl. (Studies in American imperi-

A perceptive German observer's impressions and de- alism). scriptions of places, conditions, customs, and in- 4 documented study of the struggle for monopoly powdividuals in the 1850's. Translated from Wanderungen ay and its use by the United Fruit Company against

durch die mittelamerikanischen freistaaten. rival companies, private operators, labor, and even 4410. Scroggs, William O. Filibusters and host governments.

financiers, the story of William Walker 4417. May, Stacy, and Galo Plaza. The and his associates. N.Y., 1916. 408 p. United Fruit Company in Latin America.

illus., maps, bibl. N.Y., 1958. 263 p. illus., maps.

The standard work in English on Walker, his allies, Case study in an NPA series on United States busihis enemies, and the maneuvering and fighting that ness performance abroad. An attempt to assess obended his adventure. Central American centennial jectively the company’s economic and social contribu-

CosTA RICA 409 tion to Central American (and other) countries, and to su desarrollo histérico. San José, 1953. discover why the popular image is worse than the 197 p. illus.

record. Reputed to be the best Costa Rican study of local

4418. Saenz, Alfredo. La situaci6n bananera _ history.

en los paises del Caribe. San Jose, 1928. 4425. Sanabria Martinez, Victor. Genea-

204 p. maps. . logias de Cartago hasta 1850. San José,

A bilingual statement of grievances against the United 1957. 6V. out Company, ‘Gua praiess in Colombia, Panama, An essay on Costa Rican history and genealogy introes 4 o an. ee ie a. rh ro icles On Operation — duces an alphabetical listing by families to 1850 of perOf ral oth S; ane ed. its, and labor management are = eons of Cartago province: painstakingly compiled

among those criticized. from documentary records. Has especial value be-

p. illus. b. Sources

4419. Saenz, Vicente. Norteamericanizaci6n cause many Costa Rican families originated in Cartago.

de Centro América. San José, 1925. 312

Collection of newspaper polemics against the growing . ‘ . influence of the United States in Central America and 4426. Costa Rica. Archivos Nacionales. Doits actions there from 1909 onward, particularly its cumentos relativos a la independencia intervention in Nicaragua and its role in relation to the comp. por Francisco Maria Iglesias. San

Central American unionist movement of 1921. José, 1899-1902. 3 v. 4420. Sapper, Karl Theodor. Mittelameri- Records of the sessions ot the ayuntamientos of

. : . artago, San José, Alajuela, an eredia and docu-

, p. illus., maps. . , -

kanische Reisen und Studien aus den ments relative to the Junta gobernativa, the first Con’ aren ok ne 1900. Braunschweig, gtituent congress, and other matters, 1821-1824. A German scientist’s report on his observations of 4427. Costa Rica. Secretaria de Educacion geological and geographical phenomena, economic Publica. Documentos historicos posteactivity and such major crops as coffee and indigo, riores a la independencia. t. I. San José, customs and practices of the inhabitants, etc. Some 1923. 774 p.

excellent photographs. Compilation by Ricardo Fernandez Guardia for the | 1944— centennial of independence. Some 150 pagesoath of matele rial deal with events before the independence was . administered; the remainder of the collection covers

4421. Martz, John D. Central America, the September 17, 1821, to March 1, 1832.

crisis and the challenge. Chapel Hill,

_ 1959. 356 p. bibl. c. Government and Politics A reportorial country-by-country survey of events in Central America from 1944 or earlier to 1958. Sources 4428. Costa Rica. Constitution. Las constiare largely newspapers, magazines, and contem..1 y porary topical publications.news tuciones de Costa Rica. Recopilacion

. estudio preliminar de Herman G. Peralta.

4422. Pincus, Joseph. The Central American Prélogo por Manuel Fraga Iribarne. Ma-

common market. [Washington], 1962. grid, 1962. 660 p. bibl. (Las constituAn cxcdllent analysis of the historical and economic ciones hispanoamericanas 16).

, A 130-page commentary on the political history and

bases for the Central American Common Market, the constitutional development of Costa Rica precedes principal treaties comprising its legal structure, and a reprinting of the constitution of the federal republic the probiems i scontronts. une ap pendixes give sta- and 13 fundamental laws of Costa Rica from the Pacto

ISH a and texts of major documents. de Concordia of 1821 to the Constitution of 1949.

2. Costa Rica 4429. Costa Rica. Laws, statutes, etc. Coleccion de leyes, decretos, acuerdos y reso-

a. General luciones. José, Edicion oficial. 1824-. San 1856-.

4423. Peralta, Hernan G. Don Rafael Ygle- Official collection of Costa Rican laws; title and ims1as, apuntes para su biografia. t. ]. San print varies. Volumes unnumbered for periods 1865—

José, 1928. 185 p. (Biblioteca patria 2). ie? anos but reached a total of more than 200 A survey of Liberal-Conservative conflicts in Central 5 America, the atypical rise of clerical reaction in Costa) 4430. Obregon Loria, Rafael. Conflictos mili-

a second volume. , ; ? . uprisings, ; . ; Brief accounts of some 120 conspiracies, Rica, and emergence of the Partido Civil, which Ygle- tares y politicos de Costa Rica. San José

sias headed. The biography proper was projected for 1951. 127 p. illus., bibl °

4424. Rodriguez, Juvenal Valerio. Turrialba, civil wars, and foreign campaigns (as against Walker),

410 SINCE INDEPENDENCE 1823-1949, which tend to emphasize military over Keith. Albuquerque, 1964. 210 p. illus.,

political aspects of the conflicts. Sources are shown bibl.

325 p. :

only in the bibliography. Account of Keith’s role to 1900 in building the Costa ; Rica Railway and initiating commercial production of d. Economy bananas. Plan of work allows only a sketch of his ca4431. Facio, Rodrigo. La moneda y la banca "et €lsewhere.

central en Costa Rica. México, 1947. e. Society and Culture A university text that sketches the history of banking 4438. Biesanz, John B. and Mavis. Costa in Costa Rica from about 1914, but deals chiefly with Rican life. N.Y., 1944. 272 p. illus., map, money supply and need for a central bank from 1936 bibl.

to 1947. A modest survey, which gives some attention to his4432. Nunez, Francisco M. Iniciacion y__ torical evolution, of middle-class Costa Rican social desarrollo de las vias de comunicacion y_'Sttutions and practices.

empresas de transportes en Costa Rica. 4439. Borges Pérez, Fernando. Historia del

San José, 1924. 336 p. teatro en Costa Rica. San José, 1942. Three major divisions treat roads, cargo carriers, and 106 p. illus. communications devices from colonial times to the 4 n2wspaperman’s annalistic sketch of public and pri1920's, with principal emphasis on highways, rail- vate theater buildings constructed in San José, and of roads and street railways, and electrical communica- the companies and individual performers who appeared

tions. Key legislation is reprinted in the appendix. in them, 1837-1937.

4433. Saenz, Alfredo, ed. Contratos y actua- 4440. Gonzalez, Luis F. Historia del desa-

ciones de las companias del Ferrocarril rrollo de la instruccion publica en Costa

de Costa Rica, la Northern Railway Rica. t. 2. 1821-1884. San José, 1961. Co[mpany], y la United FruitCo[mpany] 434 p. bibl. (Escritores Costarricenses. en Costa Rica. San Jose, 1929. 478 p. Seccién de historia 1). Compilation of documents on railways, the banana A work treating education at all levels from inde-

trade, the railways’ stimulation of the Panama bound- pendence until the 1880’s in interspersed chronologiary controversy, the railway disaster at Virilla,etc.,to cal and topical chapters. Gives some space to religiouspromote contract revisions at the expiration of the sponsored and other private schools.

1909 agreement. , . . . .

; TiM.lonj 4441. Gonzalez, Luis F. Historia de la in4434. Salazar, Jose Tierras y colonizafluencia extranjera en el desenvolvicion en-Costa Rica. San Jose, 1962. 311, miento educacional y cientifico de Costa 34 p. maps. (Universidad de Costa Rica. Rica. San José, 1921. 317 p. illus. Serie Teésis de grado y ensayos 15). An analysis of general influences from abroad that

A thesis on spontaneous and organized settlement, helped to mold nineteenth-century Costa Rican culland tenure, and agrarian reform in Costa Ricatreated ture introduces documented accounts of individuals,

historically and analytically. grouped by nationalities, who contributed directly to it. 4435. Sandner, Gerhard. La colonizacion 4442. Nijiez, Francisco M. La evolucion del agricola de Costa Rica. Tr. al Castellano periodismo en Costa Rica, 1833-1946.

por Federico Latorre. San José, 1962- San José, 1946. 16 p. 1964. 2 v. illus., maps, bibl. Based on a longer but incomplete work (part to 1885

Using maps and aerial photographs as historical docu- published 1921), this pamphlet gives sketches of the ments this geographical study traces population move- _ earliest newspapers and lists “representative” later ments into successive areas of agricultural exploitation Ones within four chronological periods. Editors are to describe the colonization process. Magnificent | Sometimes identified; places of publication rarely.

photographs captioned in German. 4443. Obregon Loria, Rafael. La masoneria 4436. Soley Gill, Tomas. Historia econo- en Costa Rica. San José, 1938-1950. 4 v.

mica y hacendaria de Costa Rica. San illus.

José, 1947-1949. 2 v. (Seccién ciencias A documented internal history of Freemasonry in

sociales y juridicas 1). costa Rica with mneidental mention or the order ese

A substantial revision of Historia monetaria de Costa he ere in re Ta ded are fet I er ‘bers. j etinte Rica (1926). Organized essentially by presidential ad- nd office P cele. t ‘ic the do iment ers, Initiates, ministrations, two-thirds of v. 1 and 2 cover 1821— @NC OfICeTS ane selected other cocuments.

1940, with incidental light on general economic and 4444, Obregon Loria, Rafael. Presbitero social history. Doctor Francisco Calvo (Ganganelli),

4437. Stewart, Watt. Keith and Costa Rica. organizador de la masoneria en Costa A biographical study of Minor Cooper Rica. San José, 1963. 114 p. bibl.

Costa RICA 411

Important study of a prominent nineteenth-century Guatemala. churchman that throws considerable light on the varied , , . , activities of the clergy, church-state relationships, and, 4452. Fernandez Guar dia, Ricar do. Morazan

, , t ty-sl iousl blished articles, most

incidentally, on social and economic history. en Costa Rica. San José, 1943. 1 88 p.

4445. Obregon Loria, Rafael. Los rectores SP them dealing with episodes in the ill-fated attempt

de la Universidad de Santo Tomas de by Morazan from Costa Rica to restore the Central Costa Rica. San José, 1955. 181 p. illus. American union, collected to commemorate the cenBiographical sketches of the fourteen rectors, and of _ tennial of his death.

the seven who held interim office, between establish- , , ment and suppression of the university, 1844-1888. pide v Cosa Ric nan J at, ra On, 4446. Pan American Union. Section of Labor, A study of the controversy over annexation to Mexico,

Migration and Social Security. Migracio- which concludes that the choice of union accorded nes internas en Costa Rica. By Wilburg with most past relationships but involved no choice of Jiménez Castro. Washington, 1956. 163 Moparchical over republican institutions, for traiton

ments. . :

p. illus., maps, bibl. canism in Costa Rica.

A study, in part historical, of volume and direction of ; . ; internal population migration in Costa Rica, withsome 4454. Peralta, Hernan G. Don José Maria

data on contemporary forces responsible for move- de Peralta. San José, 1956. 217 p. (Vidas costarricenses). 4447. Sanabria Martinez, Victor. Rie independence and biography, ear’y national not periods Costa . . Anselmo ica are illuminated in this by in exposiLlorente a Lafuente, primer ob ISpO de tion of Peralta’s role, but by using his later life (d. Costa Rica: Apuntamientos historicos. 1g36) as a basis for comment. Several personal docu-

San José, 1933. 403 p. ments are appended. Discursive, subjective study that, in addition to church . history, discusses many other aspects of Costa Rican 4455. Thompson, Emmanuel. Defensa de

life during the two decades after 1850. Carrillo: un dictador al servico de Améri-

. , , ca. San José, 1945. 216 p. illus.

thor. ,

4448. Sanabria Martinez, Victor. Bernardo This reply to Ricardo Jiménez’s condemnation of Ca-

a ica. eustoSan mae’Jose, See SPO de Costaonjrillo a dictator does notsituations defend dictatorship, . p. argues the as basis of selected that time but and

Loosely organized, subjectively analytical, infinitely circumstances more than personal choice governed detailed work on the life and times of Thiel, including Carrillo’s actions. the political controversies in which the church was in-

volved. Reputed to have been withdrawn by the au- g. 1842-1870

4449. Sanabria Martinez, Victor. Primera 4456. Obregon Loria, Rafael. La campana

vacante de la diécesis de SanJosé,1871-— _— del transito, 1856-1857. San José, 1956.

1880, dr. Domingo Rivas-ilmo. monsenor 383 p. eps; bibl. . Luis Bruschetti, Apuntamientos hist6ri- CPusations against Walker, with emphosis on the Son

cos. San José, 1935. 399 p. illus. Juan River campaign. Covers internal, military, diploA study of the Costa Rican church from the death of matic, and cooperative aspects of subject.

the first bishop until the appointment of the second. . , . 4457. Obregon Loria, Rafael. E] Dr. José

Ff. 1821-1842 Maria Castro Madriz, paladin de la li, , . bertad y de la cultura. San José, 1949. 4450. Fernandez Guardia, Ricardo. La gue- 44 p ¥ Ita de la liga y la invasion de Quijano. San sketch of a career (1842-1892) distinguished for lead-

José, 1950. 60 p. illus. ership in all three branches of government, in the es-

A sporadically documented account of the conflict tablishment and administration of the university, and between San José and Cartago-Heredia-Alajuela, oc- asa diplomatic representative abroad.

casioned in part by the ambulatory capital, one con- .

sequence of which was Manuel Quijano’s invasion 4458. Wagner » Moritz, and Carl Scherzer.

from Nicaragua. La republica de Costa Rica en Centro 4451. Fernandez Guardia, Ricardo. Historia america. Leeann Por el profesor de Costa Rica: J. la independencia. ed. 8 > AS Pp TT z nesto Wender y el2. profesor José Jose, 1941.study 162ofp. Sol San José. 353. p. A San sparsely documented theDavila period 1821-1825 avila Solera.1944. San JOSE,

that stresses the conflict between republicans and im- map (Biblioteca Yorusti 1).

perialists over the course Costa Rica should take after Penetrating observations and analyses of many facets receiving news of the declaration of independence in of Costa Rican life in the early 1930's.

412 SINCE INDEPENDENCE h. 1870- b. General 4459. Canas, Alberto F. Los 8 anos. San 4465. Villacorta Calderén, José A. His-

Jose, 1955. 120 p. toria de la Republica de Guatemala,

A Liberaci6n Nacional newspaperman’s interpreta- 1821-1921. Guatemala, 1960. 590 p.

tion of the circumstances that produced the revolution illus.. bibl

of 1948, and in particular a political narrative of the Af. 1 "as | rG laf ad administrations of Rafael Angel Calderén Guardia actual, noncritical account of Guatemala from indeand Teodoro Picado pendence to the death of Barrios in 1885. Long quota-

tions from sources, and more than usual attention 4460. Castro Esquivel, Arturo. José Figueres given to economic, social and cultural developments.

verrer. el nombr e y su obra. Ensayo de 4466, Zamora Castellanos, Pedro. Nuestros una biografia. San Jose, 1955. 274 p. — cuarteles. Guatemala, 1932. 419 p. illus.

illus. . A history of the Guatemalan military establishment

Laudatory account of Figueres from his radio chal- covering command and administrative bodies, pro-

lenge to the government of Calder6n Guardia in 1942 _ fessional training school, permanent military units and until the transfer of power from the Revolutionary — their headquarters, and auxiliary services and agencies.

Junta to Otilio Ulate in November, 1949. Chiefly factual internal history with frequent brief bio4461. Kantor, Harry. The Costa Rican elec- graphical sketches of important military figures.

tion caseAmerican study. Gainesville, G + and 1958.of 681953: p. (TheaLatin mono- C. overnment andPoliti foulcs graph series 5). a . _ 4467. Guatemala. Constitution. Las consti-

An account, sympathetic to Liberacion Nacional, of tuciones de Guatemala. Recopilacién de the revolutionary background of the election ofconsti1953, Luis Marinas O Madrid. 1958. a description of the electoral process under the uls iWlarinas tero. Viadrid, . 818 tution of 1949, and a study of the election itself. p. bibl. (Las constituciones hispanoame-

. ; ricanas | 1).

4462. iwenteth Century rane Costa Rica, A documented discussion by periods of Guatemalan a Study in economic deve opment. By political and constitutional history. Introduces reprintStacy May, director, Just Faaland, and _ ings of the first federal constitution and related docuothers. N.Y., 1952. 374 p. maps, bibl. ments: 18 Guatemalan constitutions and revisions; A survey of the Costa Rican economy that results ina 4d two declarations, one the decree of the Revoludescription of status and needs as quantitatively ac- onary Junta in 1944, the other CastilloeArmas’s Plan

curate as available data make possible. of Tegucigalpa. 4468. Guatemala. Laws, statutes, etc. Reilacion de las leyes de Guatemala.

3. Guatemala COPI _ Manuel Pineda de Mont, ed. Guatemala, a. Bibliographies and Guides 1869-1872. 3 Vv. A compilation under topical headings of the principal

. “ae laws passed by the governments of Central America

4463. Valenzuela Reyna, Gilberto. Biblio- and the state and republic of Guatemala from 1821 to grafia guatemalteca, y catalogo general 1867, with some items appended to 1872.

de libros, folletos, periodicos, revistas, 4469, Guatemala. Laws, statutes, etc. Reetc., 1861-1900. Guatemala, 1962. 485 copilacion de las leyes de la Republica. p. (Coleccion bibliografica del tercer cen- t. 1, 1871-1876. Guatemala, 1881-. tenario de la fundacion de la primera im- The official compilation of laws for the years 1871 for-

prenta en Centro-América 6). ward. Title, volumes imprint,byand compiler vary. Reached 76 1957— , 4464. Valenzuela Reyna, Gilberto. Biblogra: 4470. Marure, Alejandro, and Andrés Fuen-

ores folletes vetéken ver ietas. ote. tes Franco, eds. Catalogo razonado de las

? , > xm leyes de Guatemala. Guatemala, 1856.

1901-1930. Guatemala, 1963. 537 p. 361 p

illus. (Coleccion bibliografica del tercer Calendar of laws, topically arranged, from 1821 to centenario de la fundacién de la primera 1856, some reputed to be nowhere else recorded. imprenta en Centro-America 7).

A calendar of publications, chiefly Guatemalan, con-

tinuing for the national period the colonial bibliography d. Economy

of José Toribio Medina. Listings are alphabetical by o1e

authors by years; each volume covers one or more 4471. Barreda, Pedro Froilan. Geografia c decades, lists governing officials and newspapers pub- historia de correos y telecomunicaciones

lished, and contains an index of authors. de Guatemala: sus estudios. Guatemala,

GUATEMALA 413 1960 [i.e., 1961]. 439 p. illus. colonial hasta los primeros anos del pre-

A comprehensive topical treatment of the development sente siglo. Guatemala, 1929. 538 p. and geographical extension of postal and electrical illus.

communications services, principally from indepen- An yndocumented but well-informed discursive acdence to the mid-1930’s, covering the responsible gov- count of the historical development of the author’s ernment department innovations in transport, and e€x- professional field. Published by the Diario de Centro

tensions of facilities for carrying mail. América.

Or. Suatemala. raws, Statutes; etc. ea 4479. Menton, Seymour. Historia critica Son hecha en Guatemala. Recopila- de la novela guatemalteca. Guatemala,

c10n Gi a por «esa: pus Primera 1960. 332 p. illus. (Universidad de San pats See aon “atwae lines from the Carlos de Guatemala. Editorial Uni-

capital to the north and south coasts and to the Mexi- versitaria. Publicaciones 34). can frontier, and from Zacapa to San Salvador: andon _! races novel from early nineteenth century to 1958 the International Railways of Central America. The von Antonio va de Irisarri [1786-1868] to Dav id

only volume published. Ve a [1901—). Valuable for its comparative metho

. ; ; in relating Guatemalan works to each other and to

4473. Hernandez de Leon, Federico. La deu- works of Latin America generally, and even to those

da inglesa, su origen, desarrollo, y can- of Spain. [I.L. ]

celaciOn. Ensayo historico. Guatemala, 4480. Monteforte Toledo, Mario. Guate-

1958. 153 p.. mala, monografia sociolégica. 2. ed. A journalist-historian’s undocumented account of the México. 1965. 682 p. maps bibl (ColecBarclay loan to the Central American federation from >. > ; fi oe 16 . b 1824 to Guatemala’s payment in 1944 of its share of c10n — monogratlas = SOCIOlOgICAaS — 10€TO-

the obligation. The relation of the loan to national americanas). economic and political developments. A candid, perceptive work on Guatemalan society

broadly defined. Frequently employs historical approach with Marxist emphasis to social and socio-

e. Society an d Culture economic problems and relationships.

4474. Aguilar, Leon. Treinta anos de El sabe Pike Ode i 930.3 x la Imparcial. Guatemala, 1952. 419 p. illus. , P. A chronological résumé of important news events as A | Vr d ‘tical , f

recorded by Central America’s largest daily from its Gu un ocumene , unence ane is dnshanl id founding in 1922. It is in effect the newspaper’s view paren vere Of mr teachers, and in th ual an of political and social history for a generation. group performers Of music, organizations that spon_ sored musical activity, foreign artists and companies 4475. Chinchilla Aguilar, Ernesto. El posi- imported, concerts, etc.

tivismo y la reforma en Guatemala. 4482. Vela, David. Literatura guatemalteca.

Guatemala, 1961. 11 p. 2. ed. Guatemala, 1944. 418 p. bibl.

An attempt, following Leopoldo Zea, to sketch some A text for the fourth year of secondary school, this of the influences of the Guatemalan conception of work devotes some 100 pages specifically to histoPositivism on national life, especially in education, jans and to newspapers and treats the other genres of

1871-1944. literature by historical periods.

a. Deutschtum in der jxoe Verapaz, 4483. Whetten, Nathan L. Guatemala: the

‘tue Stuttgart, [1940]. 74, [31] land and the people. New Haven, 1961. p. wus. 399 p. illus., maps, bibl. (Caribbean Publication observing fiftieth anniversary of Deutsche ies 4)

Verein of Coban. Reminiscences, chiefly by early SEMES 4). , ae

German settlers, of individuals and events important “4 tral sociologist’s description of Guatemalan soto the immigrant colony in Alta Verapaz. Tables list ‘ciety that examines and interprets a great deal of and give vital data on German residents of Alta statistical evidence. Valuable both as analysis and as

Verapaz. a mid-twentieth-century bench mark.

4477. Diaz, Victor1934. M. Las 600 bellasp. artes en 1821-1842 Guatemala, illus. f Disorganized, undocumented sketches of some of 4484. Arriola, Jorge Luis. Galvez en la en-

the important events, individuals, and agencies in- crucijada: ensayo critico en torno al volved theoutstanding development ofofthe and dish -©iti b cussion ofin some examples each.fine Pub-arts umanismo poutico un d gobernante.

lished by the Diario de Centro América. México, 1961. 467 p. bibl.

, , , . An evaluation of Galvez based on an interpretation of

4478. Diaz, Victor M. Breve historia del his published reform laws that finds him and his adperiodismo en Guatemala desde la €poca ministration kindred in spirit to Arévalo and the rev-

414 SINCE INDEPENDENCE olutionary program of 1944. Selected documents are illus.

appended. A straightforward biography of the Guatemalan ‘reZ 4 former” that reaches interpretations and conclusions 4485. . Gar cla Granados, Jorge. Evolucion not always favorable to his subject by sensible evaluasociologica de Guatemala. Ensayo sobre tion of the evidence.

a oe vee t (9301.1 (4n Galvez. 4492. Fergusson, Erna. Guatemala. N.Y.,

Two related essays, which argue that the stage of 1937. 320 Pp. illus., map. oq: ,

social development characteristic of the people— ‘ ‘travel account that treats many familiar tourist leaders and the governed—rather than the system topics and others with wit, human understanding, and adopted produced the political failure in Guatemala uncommonly keen perception.

after independence. 4493. Rippy, J. Fred. Relations of the United

4486. Griffith, William J. Empires in the | States and Guatemala during the epoch

wilderness: foreign colonization and of Justo Rufino Barrios. HAHR. v. 22, development in Guatemala, 1834-1844. Nov., 1942: 595-605.

Chapel Hill, 1965. 332 p. maps, bibl. Primarily a study of the export of technology from the

Monographic treatment, based on archival materials, United States to Guatemala during the Barrios regime

of the attempt by Galvez to make foreign colonization ane des , correspon pro-American attitude of projects the principal instruments of national develop- resident Barrios. [C.C.G. ]

ment, and the consequences in Guatemala, elsewhere 4494, Samayoa Chinchilla, Carlos. El dic-

Toned to that ends and abroad of the contracts he tador y yo. Guatemala, 1950. 181 D.

illus. 4487. Tobar Cruz, Pedro. Los montaneses. A well-drawn portrait of Ubico and an intimate ac2. ed. Guatemala, 1959. 175 p. illus. count of life with, and under, him by one who observed (Biblioteca guatemalteca de cultura him from the close range of his personal secretariat.

popular 30). 4495. Stoll, Otto. Guatemala. Reisen und

SW igins, c , an ess O os .

pees ae me ocieine chorsete on a roar research. schilderungen aus den jahren 1878-1883. insurrection led by Rafael Carrera that overthrew Leipzig, 1886. 518 p. illus., maps.

GAlvez and Morazan. An unusually informative book recording a thorough

inspection of the west and south of Guatemala during the Barrios regime. Among other topics, it comments

2. 1842-1871 on domestic architecture, water supply, labor systems, disease, and prostitution.

wsrermala [I o35] (280 us Gua- 4496. Vidaurre, Adrian. Los ultimos treinta A truncated biography developed only far enough to Me, de la 4 a politica ee uatemala. refute certain commonly repeated allegations on the emornas, rrabana, 1721. 245 p.

quality of Carrera’s ancestry, the composition of his | Personal memoir dealing with politics from Reyna blood line, and the nature of the governments over Barrios to Estrada Cabrera. A continuation, Orienta-

which he presided. cion para el porvenir (Guatemala, 1922, 172 p., ports., ; ; illus.), reaches the overthrow of Estrada Cabrera and

4489. Crowe, Frederick. The gospel in Cen- _ the regime of Carlos Herrera.

tral America. London, 1850. 588 p. map.

The account of an English immigrant whose activities

as a Protestant missionary and teacher brought him i. 1944— into conflict with civil and ecclesiastical authorities.

mala, especially forinsocial history. ° .communi2 ‘arn : ; _ changes Guatemalan Indian

Affords much valuable material on Belize and Guate- 4497. Adams. Richard N.. ed. Political

4490. Salazar, Ramon A. Tiempo viejo: re- ties: a symposium. New Orleans, 1957.

cuerdos de mi juventud. 2. ed. Guate- 54 p.

mala, 1957. 186 p. (Biblioteca guate- Concludes that political activity during the Arévalo malteca de cultura popular 14). and Arbenz regimes tended to weaken the traditional

Personal memoir first published in 1896 dealing with Structures of Indian communities and, hence, to lower events, customs, and personalities chiefly during the _ the barriers to forces promoting rapid cultural change.

seatnne Enge with tie revolution of 1871 and the ap- 4498, Arévalo, Juan José. Guatemala, la

democracia y el imperio. Montevideo, 1954. 111 p.

h. 1871-1944 A condemnation of American imperialism and parti. .__ __ Cularly of United States indirect intervention against 4491. Burgess, Paul. J usto Rufino Barrios: the procommunist regime of Jacobo Arbenz in Guate-

a biography. Philadelphia, 1926. 286 p. mala. [C.C.G.]

HONDURAS 415 4499. Bush, Archer C. Organized labor in developed country. Hamilton, N.Y., Guatemala, 1944-1949: a case study of 1949. 133 p. illus., maps, bibl. (Colgate

an adolescent labor movement in University area studies. Latin American an underdeveloped country. Hamilton, seminar reports 1).

N.Y., 1950. 1 v. (various pagings). illus., A master’s thesis describing major social reforms in-

maps, bibl. (Colgate University area augurated after the revolution of 1944.

studies. Latin American seminar re- 4507. Taylor, Philip B. The Guatemalan

ports 2). Affair: a critique of U.S. foreign policy.

A master’s thesis on the Guatemalan labor movement APSR. v. 50, no. 3, Sept., 1956: 787in its early phases. | 807

4500. Cardoza y Aragon, Luis. La revolu- A very useful summary of the facts relating to the cién guatemalteca. México, 1955. 215 p. Overthrow of the Arbenz regime in uatemata in Cuadernos americanos 43) 1954. Cautiously avoids accusations that cannot (Ediciones wer . proved by documentary evidence, but critical of bethe A thoroughly Marxist interpretation of the Guate- overall position of the United States as well as of

malan revolution of 1944 by the president of the Na- Honduras. [C.C.G.]

tional Assembly under Arbenz.

4501. Galich, Manuel. Por qué lucha Guate- 4. Honduras

mala: Arévalo y Arbenz, dos hombres a. General A partisan defense of the regimes of Arévalo and Ar- . , . . benz that shares many characteristics with other de- 4508. Guardiola Cubas, Esteban. Historia de contra un imperio. B.A., 1956. 374 p.

nunciations of the United States, but is perhaps the la Universidad de Honduras en la primost adroit and responsible of the official apologias. mera centuria de su fundacion. Teguci4502. International Bank for Reconstruction galpa, 1952. 207 p. and Development. The economic develop- Bnet with annalsdocuments, of the university composedby ofaexposition . interspersed followed study o ment of Guatemala. Washington, 1951. the Pastorelas of Dr. José Trinidad Reyes, its founder,

305 p. maps. and an 80-page dramatic poem he wrote. Short-term recommendations, based on a rapid sur- ae .

vey, for mutually reinforcing programs of action, 4509. Honduras. Constitution. Las constitustressing agricultural improvement, intended to speed ciones de Honduras. Recopilacion y the progress of national development in Guatemala. estudio preliminar de Luis Marifias

4503. Najera Farfan, Mario E. Los estafa- Otero. Madrid, 1962. 466 p. bibl. (Las dores de la democracia: hombres y constituciones hispanoamericanas [| 5). hechos en Guatemala. B.A., 1956. 301 p. A series of brief sketches outlines the origins and the An interpretation of the revolution by a leader of the Boao eens the twelve plondpran constitutions

party that invited Arévalo to become a candidate. [It fom 1825 to 1957, the texts of which follow.

records a growing disenchantment with Arevalo, op- 4510. Rivas, Pedro. Monografia geografica

Hos tn Athenee communist power, and aliena- e histérica de la isla del Tigre y puerto de

_ Lo. Amapala. Tegucigalpa, 1934. 213 p. 4504. Schneider, Ronald M. Communism in ; : de“Ld: |a illus., maps, bibl. (Biblioteca la Socie Guatemala, 1944-1954. New York, dad de Geografia e Historia de Hon1958. 350 p. bibl. (Foreign Policy Re- duras) search Institute series 7). , Centennial volume commemorating the founding of

The most comprehensive and extensively docu- the port of Amapala. The historical section inter-

niques of infiltration. . .

mented study on the subject. Instructive expositions _ gperses original contributions with excerpts from other

on the sequence of communist objectives and tech- writers, often in extenso.

4505. Sil Kal HA study ; 4511. Squier, Ephraim G. Honduras, de- Silvert, Kalman HB. /“ study in govern- scriptive, historical, and statistical. Lon-

; , don, 1870. p. map.

ment: Guatemala. New Orleans, 1954. 870. 278

239 p. illus.., bibl. (Middle American Re- 4 somewhat revised version of the section on Hon-

search Institute, publication 21). duras from The states of Central America.

An analysis of the political system set up after the ene . revolution of 1944, much of it still relevant, subse- 4512. Stokes, William S. Hondur as. an area quent constitutional changes notwithstanding. ah nea Madison, 1950. _ p. illus., sy maps, bibl.

4506. Suslow, Leo A. Aspects of social re An analysis of Honduran constitutions and a study form in Guatemala, 1944-1949: prob- of the evolution of structure and functioning of governlems of planned social change in an un-_ ment. A strong historical emphasis makes this more

416 SINCE INDEPENDENCE than an examination of a particular era. Honduras). A short sketch of Soto’s career, including intrigues b. 1821-1870 within and among states, followed by selected politi-

, , . cal, literary, and personal documents. Concludes that

4513. Duron y Gamero, Romulo E. Bio- Soto’s administration (1876-1883) warranted the title grafia de don Juan Nepomuceno Fernan- ‘“‘gobernante modelo.”

dez Lindo. Tegucigalpa, 1932. 122 p. 4599 Gonz .

,caudillo: . Gonzalezensayo y Contreras, Gilberto. El illus. . ultimo biografico. MéGenerally favorable biography of a Conservative op- xj 1946. 233 portunist active in Honduran and Central American ICO, ‘« Pp . ;

affairs from independence until his death in 1857. biography of Tiburcio Carias with comment on the Documents are extensively reproduced in the text ‘stitution of caudillaje with special reference to Hon-

but footnotes and bibliography are lacking. duras. 4514. Durén y Gamero, Rémulo E. Don 4521. Mejia Deras, Ismail. Policarpo Bonilla,

Joaquin Rivera y su tiempo. Tegucigalpa, algunos apuntes biograficos por Aro 1965. 2 v. (Colecci6n R6mulo E. Durén Sanso [pseud.] Un estudio del dr. Ri-

3-4). cardo D. Alduvin, y esquema para una

Essentially a history of Honduras and its relations biografia por Rafael H. Valle. México, with neighboring states from 1821 to 1844 with 1936. 558 p. illus. Rivera as a central figure. Documents often inserted, An admiring biography prefaced by two short lauda-

but sources are otherwise unidentified. tory pieces. The appendix contains extracts from 4515. Duron y Gamero, Romulo E. Historia Bonilla’s memoirs and other documents.

de Honduras desde la independencia Nj hasta nuestros dias. Tegucigalpa, 1956-. - 5. Nicaragua

(Coleccién Ré6mulo E. Duron 2). — , with documentary quotations the history of Honduras . . . . from 1821 to the end of 1829. To date v. 7 only(270 4522. Minor, Van L. A brief classified bibp.). liography relating to United States interFirst volume of a projected series that covers in detail a. Bibliographies and Guides

4516. Duron y Gamero, Romulo E. José Mee 193 oe HARR. v. II,

Justo Milla, estudio Teguciont. ists biografico. over one hundred items withay; briefEP. commentary.

duras). b. General

galpa, 1940. 93 p. (Biblioteca de la So- secGg) ciedad de Geografia e Historia de Hon-

A sketch of the career after independence of a creole

military officer who is credited with admirable actions 4523. Mendoza, Juan Manuel. Historia de

but on the whole appears as an opportunist who Diriamba, ciudad del departamento de Carazo, republica de Nicaragua. Guate-

achieved positions in excess of his talents. . . c. 1870- mala, 1920. 530 p. illus. _ The record of Diriamba cited to indict local Conserva-

4517. Checchi, Vincent, et al. Honduras: _ tives and national Conservative regimes. The account a problem in economic development. fre‘eviis that contribute to stagnation of life and pro-

Report N.Y 3 195 172 p. map, bibl. ‘ T gressresulting in Central America. and9. recommendations from a

Twen- ; , oo.

tieth Century Fund study of the potential of Honduras 4524. Pérez, Jeronimo. Obras historicas for economic growth. It describes and evaluates each completas. Managua, 1928. 854 p. illus.

branch of the economy, often in some historical depth. A Conservative historian’s biographies of Manuel

. . Antonio de la Cerda, Juan Argiello, and Crisanto

45 van qui:the ier eer o Pas Lee” cncredible Sacasa, whichcivil includes a sketch Cletocampaign Orddfiez, two - volumes of memoirs on the war andof the

London, 1931. 242 p. illus. against Walker, and a biography of Tomas Martinez.

A popular account of the railroad engineer turned ‘ . soldier-of-fortune whose exploits in Honduras at the 4525. Rivas, _Anselmo H. Nicaragua. Su turn of the twentieth century made him a power in that pasado. Ojeado retrospectiva. Edicion

country and a contemporary legend. dirigida por el Dr. Pedro Joaquin Cha4519. Durén y Gamero, Romulo E. Biogra- A ee Managua, 1936. 280 p. illus. 396 fia del doctor Marco Aurelio Soto. Tegu- (SOU ection oF artic es una pu mene if .

isalpa, 1946. 215.p.ernments illus. (Biblioteca de ythe a newspaperman-participant in Conservative govcigaipa, Pp. from early 1850’s to the late 1870’s.

la Sociedad de Geografia e Historia de They form a political commentary that is more per-

NICARAGUA 417 sonal memoir than history. 4533. Stimson, Henry L. American policy in

Nicaragua. N.Y., 1927. 129 p.

c. Government and Politics An apology by the American envoy to Nicaragua and

h1].es.

later Secretary of State. Urges nonintervention, a 4526. Barquero, Sara L.. Gobernantes de _ policy which was not followed in connection with the Nicaragua, 1825-1947. 2. ed. Managua, _ later Sandino movement. [C.C.G. | 1945. 248 p. bibl. Convenient, popular sketches of the careers of Ni-

caraguan chief executives intended for use in schools. e. Economy and Culture Some ve merit although they _ undocumented. 4534. Fiore, Dolores Ackel. Ruben Dario in

4527. Nicaragua. Constitution. Las constitu- search of inspiration: Greco-Roman ciones de Nicaragua, exposicion critica y mythology in his stories and poetry. textos por Emilio Alvarez Lejarza. Ma- N.Y., 1963. 178 p. bibl. drid, 1958. 1004 p. (Las constituciones An erudite, well-documented study of the poet’s

hispanoamericanas 9). images derived from Greco-Roman mythology largely A résumé of political and constitutional history and of laouen French writers of the eighteenth century and boundary disputes. Introduces reprintings of consti- ater. [1-L-] tutions and other documents relating to independence 4535, International Bank for Reconstruction

and establishment of the republic, Nicaraguan con- ; stitutions and their revisions, and documents relative and Development. The economic develop

. s 4: XXx1, 424 p. maps.

to the Bryan-Chamorro Treaty and Mosquitia. ment of Nicaragua. Baltimore, [1953].

4528. Nicaragua. Laws, statutes, etc. Codigo Report and recommendations after a study in 1951— de la lejislacion de la Republica de Ni- 1952, the major part of which is a proposal for a five-

caragua... Recopilacion de Jests de la year development program. The remaining chapters Rocha. Managua, 1871-1874. 3 v. in 2. survey various branches of the economy, usually in

This topically organized collection apparently re- _ little historical depth.

places a recopilaci6n of which only one volume ap- a s

peared (Granada, 1861; Managua, 1869). Titles of the ‘0. Montalvan Jose. ‘\puntes ae la volumes vary with contents; the first two volumes Stora de la hiversida € Leon. were initially published in Granada (1864). Leon, n.d. 101 p. Brief, undocumented account of the Mercedarian

; seminary (founded 1670) converted into a university

d. Foreign Relations (1816); period sketches of the university, concerned

. chiefly with faculty and graduates; and a few topical

4529. Cox, Isaac J. Nicaragua and the chapters on its administration, influence, etc.

United States, 1909-1927. Boston, 1927. 4537. Montalvan, José H. Breves apunt 887 p. map (World Peace Foundation -para Montalvan, Jose MH. bre puntes la historia del periodismo nicara-

pamphlets 10, no. 7). . 1: Period; ‘odi del

A scholarly and critical study of the subject. Conclu- guense. t. 3 FEMOdIcos y pero istas del

sions are and moderate. [C.C.G. ]from r pasado. 8. 8° p. . .cautious . . . reats newspapers theLeon, first| 95manuscript

issues

4530. Hill, Roscoe R. Fiscal intervention in that circulated in 1826, with comment on their politi-

Nicaragua. N.Y., 1933. 117 p. cal orientation, editors, etc., and journals of various

The author, an American official, stresses the correct- categories: scientific, legal, educational, and literary.

ness and benevolence of the U.S. administration of , . , Nicaraguan finances. [C.C.G_] 4538. Torres Rioseco, Arturo. Vida y poesia . . Loy de Rubén Dario. B.A., 1944. 351 p. 4531. Marure, Alejandro. Memoria histo- illus. (Los libros evocadores).

rica sobre el canal de Nicaragua. Guate- A revealing study by a Chilean poet and professor

mala, 1845. 47 p. map. long resident in the United States, with a selection of

A sketch of the canal idea, followed by an account of | Dario’s poems. [1.L. ]

measures taken by independent Central America to encourage the construction of a canal, and studies

made in consequence. A summary of John Baily’s sur- f. 1840-1871

1 ded. 4539. Chamorro Zelaya, Pedro J. Fruto wy, 1837-1838, 's @Ppende

4532. Rippy, J. Fred. Justo Rufino Barrios Chamorro. Managua, 1960. 425 p. illus., and the Nicaraguan canal. HAHR. v. 20, maps, bibl.

May, 1940: 190-197. Biography of an able Nicaraguan Conservative prom-

A chronicle of unsuccessful negotiations fora Nicara- _inent in union and Nicaraguan affairs until 1855. The

guan canal with Guatemala and Nicaragua, 1879- study, including fresh documents, sheds considerable 1885. Based on manuscript records of the United light on the federation period and the years immedi-

States Department of State. [C.C.G. ] ately following its dissolution.

418 SINCE INDEPENDENCE 4540. Chamorro Zelaya, Pedro J. El licen- the basis of documentary evidence to strip the 1894 ciado Jerénimo Pérez: biografia. Mana- event of legend, to establish precisely what changes

gua,1939. 167 p each in status were accomplished, and to determine the role ; of participant. An undocumented sketch of the public services, mili- . . tary career, and literary productions, including histo- 4548. Cuadra Pasos, Carlos. Historia de rical works, of a prominent nineteenth-century Con- medio siglo. 2. ed. Managua, 1964. 173 p. servative. The biography occupies only fifty pages; illus. miscellaneous other articles, the remainder. Republication of a 1950 series of newspaper articles

, P . that give in broad, rapid strokes a reasonably objec-

1910. 191 p. illus.

aoe bieerahia Je Maximo Jever Morzoun tive sketch of independent Nicaraguan history to : >» about 1936.

A defense of the conduct of Jérez and his Liberal 4549. Escobar, Esteban. Biografia del gecolleagues in the civil war of 1854, in the contract neral don Pedro Joaquin Chamorro 1818that brought foreign military forces into a domestic 1890. Managua, 1935. 398 p. conflict, and in the postfilibuster war period. An episodic treatment of the life of a prominent Con-

4542. Levy, Pablo. Notas geograficas y servative, president of Nicaragua (1875-1879), with onomicas sobre la republica de Nica- heavy reliance upon family documents supplied by ec ; p : the subject’s grandson and namesake. An appendix ragua. Paris, 1873. 627 p. map, bibl. contains various documents and a genealogy.

An extensive of data geogmade0. by a French 4550. S Cé investigator in the compilation late 1860’s on Nicaraguan Sacasa, Juan B. Como y por que ,cai, raphy, population and social organization, products, del poder, julio de 1936. San Salvador,

commerce, political organization and administration, 1936. 108 p.

the canal project, etc. A text of thirty pages followed by documents in which

4543. Squier, Ephraim G. Nicaragua: its the former president of Nicaragua charges that he was people scenery, monuments, and the deposed by illegal and unprincipled use of the Nation-

?::

proposed inter-oceanic canal. N.Y., ™GuaréPySomoza . 1852. 2 v. illus., maps. 4551. Selser, Gregorio. Sandino, general de

A midcentury classic on Nicaragua including travel hombres libres. B.A., 1959. 2 v. (Colec-

notes; data on physical features; sketches of personal- cidn historia viva). ities; comments on social customs, politics, and ar- 4 long, diffuse account that presents Sandino as an chaeological remains, and an extended discussion of igealistic national leader contending against a base

the canal project. foreign imperialism. Lengthy quotes from Sandino’s letters give the work its major value.

g. 1871- 4552. Selva, Carlos. Un poco de historia. 4544, Aleman Bolafios, Gustavo. iSandino! Guatemala, 1948. xci, 154 p. (Coleccion Estudio completo del héroe de las Se- Collec a eos Cel stm 2. an exile explaining Araeene U Guatemala?’ SN pareoaaP: much of to Costa Ricans the revolution of 1893, which overit in what purports to be his own words, quoted from a w Roberto Sacasa and installed José Santos narrations given to the author or to others, or from coal sketch eto amorro provides a biograph-

letters written to the author. i 4545. Cardenal Arguello, Luis G. Mi rebe- 4553. Soto Hall, Maximo. Nicaragua y el

lién: la dictadura de los Somoza. México, imperialismo norteamericano. B.A., 1928.

1961. 397 p. Ann essioned condemnation of the United S

A frank participant account of efforts (1954-1959) by n impassioned condemnation of the United States

the Conservative opposition to overthrow the Somozas for its imperialistic policies in Central America, of the

that ends with the author’s exile for participation in N!caraguan regimes that accepted its support, and of the abortive invasion from Costa Rica in 1959 the other governments of Latin America that tolerated

646. Chamorro C Card \.Cardenal, Ped . such abuses in silence. 4546. Pedro J. Estirpe oe os oy:

sangrienta: los Somoza. B iN 1989 4554. Tijerino, Toribio. E] tratado Chamo-

273 p , a rro-Bryan y sus proyecciones en la AméIndictment by a leading member of the Conservative rica Central. 3. ed. Managua, 1935. 67 p.

opposition of the Somoza family for cruelty, cynicism, 4 mild Conservative apologia for the treaty that, it

violence, and deception in maintaining itself in power. | @%gues, was only an option subject to subsequent de-

Material is in part autobiographical. finitive agreement, and that even though its terms 4547.. Cuadra Cuadra Ch Pedro J. La Pedro rein aroused Chamorro, J. - fears, it left the country’s resources intact. corporacion de la Mosquitia. Granada,

1944. 205 p. illus. 6. Panama

Collection of 1940 newspaper articles that attempt on

PANAMA 419 a. Bibliographies and Guides 175 p. bibl. . This review of transisthmian communications projects

4555. Canal Zone. Librar y Museum, Bal- ends with a remarkably candid appraisal of problems boa Heights. Subject catalog of the spe- raised by the canal and a call for revision of relationcial Panama Collection of the Canal Zone ships to recognize Panama’s legitimate rights. Reprints

Library Museum: the history of the Isth- *~ ected documents.

mus of Panama as it applies to inter- 4561. Ealy, Lawrence O. The republic of oceanic transportation. Boston, 1964. Panama in world affairs, 1903-1950.

341 p. illus. Philadelphia, 1951. 207 p. bibl.

A collection of nearly 5,000 books, engineering draw- 4 Scholarly study of the foreign policy of Panama. It ings, maps, diaries, photographs, programs, clippings, 'S based on a doctoral dissertation at the University of newspapers, and periodicals related to the planning Pennsylvania. [C.C.G. ]

and construction of the Panama Canal, and the his- . s1Is ‘

tory of the region. Selective photo-offset reproduction soe peepee vee . pate United

of the library’s card catalog. Includes 26 pages of maps tates and the republic of F anama. .

. enerasity. publications). . o65r. .

and photographs. ham, N.C., 1937. 278 p. (Duke Univerb.G l The best study of this subject covering the period from ; 1903 to 1936. Attempts to maintain an objective atti-

4556. Castillero Reyes, Ernesto de Jesus. tude toward the conflicts between the two states.

Historia de la comunicacion interocea- [C.C.G.] nica y de su influencia en la formaciOn 4563. Miner, Dwight C. The fight for the y en el desarrollo de la entidad nacional Panama route: the story of the Spooner

panamena. Panama, 1941. 444 p. illus, act and the Hay-Herran treaty. N. Y., bibl. a | 1940. 469 p. illus., maps, bibl. Elaboration of the theme that epitomizes Panamanian _4 thorough analysis of the conflict between the sup-

history. The period 1903-1936 is treated in some 100 porters of the Nicaraguan and the Panama canal

pages. Selected documents, 1848-1936, are reprinted. — -outes in the United States and the final victory of the proponents of the latter. [C.C.G.]

c. Government and Politics

4557. Ortega C., Joaquin A. Gobernantes de e. Independence [2. ed r p., 1960]. 95 p. illus 4564. Castillero Reyes, Ernesto de Jesus. El

la Republica de Panama, 1903-1960. . ,

Unpretentious pamphlet intended for school use, profeta de Panama y su gran traicion: el giving laudatory biographical sketches of men elected, tratado del canal y la intervencion de or who constitutionally succeeded, to the presidency. Bunau-Varilla en su confecci6n. Panama, Cabinet and Assembly members are usually listed 1936. 60 p. illus.

also. Affirms Bunau-Varilla’s place as a prophet and a

4558. Panama. Constitution. Las constitu- principal architect of Panamanian independence, but ciones de Panama. Recopilacién y enarges that the Panamanian prowisional government

. - . , ad to ratify detrimental unauthorized concessions

estudio preliminar de Victor F. Goytia. he made. Madrid, 1954. Ixvi, 823 p. bibl. (Las con-

stituciones hispanoamericanas 7). ,

An essay on political and constitutional history stress- f. Society and Culture

ing development of a separate Panamanian character. . ° Reprints 1904, 1941, and 1946 constitutions with 4565. Biesanz, John and Mavis. The pe ople

commentary. of Panama. N.Y., 1955. 418 p. illus., bibl. d. Foreign Relations A description of society and social relationships in Panama with considerable emphasis on issues and

4559. Alfaro, Ricardo J. Medio siglo de _ practices that divide Panamanians from “Zonians.”

relactones entre 1983 525 los Estados 4566, Panama. Instituto Nacional. Historia An authoritative essay that, among other salient on nutty Nacional yon 148 de rap or points, holds that Panama itself, not Theodore Roose- € uca IVa. anama, oe Pp. HUS. velt, was responsible for the successful independence (Publicaciones del Instituto Nacional de

movement in 1903. Panama). ; P Discusses physical facilities provided for the school,

4560. Batista Ballestero Ss Isaias. El drama directors, prescribed courses of study for the differde Panama y America, nuestras rela- ent degrees, and annual lists of graduates by degrees

ciones con los E.E.U.U. Panama, 1961. earned, 1913-1930.

420 SINCE INDEPENDENCE 4567. Rubio y Munoz Bocanegra, Angel. La and other contemporary leaders, a wide range of public ciudad de Panama. Panama. 1950. 238 p. documents, and extracts from periodicals. [L.McA.]

illus., maps. (Banco de urbanizaciOn y 4573. Salvador. Laws, statutes, etc. Codifi-

rehabilitacion. Publicacion 17). cacion de las leyes de El Salvador desde

A study of urban growth and development and of some 1875 hasta 1889 compilacién de Francis-

of theand concomitant problems since of thethe founding the V San 1890? city, especially since the opening canal. coofVaquero. SanSalvad Salvador, [ ?]. Third official compilation of Salvadoran laws.

7. Salvador 4574. Salvador. Laws, statutes, etc. Codifi-

a. General cacion de leyes patrias desde la independencia hasta el ano de 1875, revisada

4568. Cuenca, Abel. El Salvador: una demo- por Cruz Ulloa. San Salvador, 1879. cracia cafetalera. México, 1962. 175 p. 368 p. (Colecci6n documentos 1). Second official compilation of Salvadoran laws. A politicohistorical essay which argues that the coffee

economy, once the innovator of “new productive 4575. Salvador. Laws, statutes, etc. Reforces,” has spent its constructive vigor and now ob- copilacién de las leyes del Salvador, en structs “‘progressive,” “democratic” efforts to bring Centro-América [1821-1855] por Isidro

about industrialization, the 2. current ‘“‘new productive , ’1956. force.” Menéndez. ed. San Salvador, . 2 v. in 1. illus.

4569. Osborne, Lilly de Jongh. Four keys tO The official compilation of Salvadoran laws first pub-

El Salvador. N.Y., 1956. 221 p. illus., lished in Guatemala 1855-1856. One section is de-

map, bibl. voted to preliminaries; thereafter, laws are chronolog-

A popular introduction to the varied facets of environ- _ cally arranged in topical categories.

t, life, history, and traditi f El Salvad

who enows the country well of El Salvador by one 4576. Salvador. Laws, statutes, etc. Recopilacion de leyes relativas a la historia

b. Sources de los municipios de El Salvador, por

Jorge Lardé y Larin. San Salvador, 1950. 4570. Gallardo, Miguel Angel, ed. Papeles 459 p. illus. (Publicaciones del Ministerio

historicos. Santa Tecla, 1954. 228 p. del Interior).

Nineteenth-century documents, published for the cen- _ Reprints 429 legislative acts relating to organization tennial of Santa Tecla, dealing with the founding ofthe and changes in status of municipios in chronological city; the life of Manuel Gallardo; various activities of | order, 1811-1950. Introductory sketches on municiManuel José Arce, Francisco Morazan, Gerardo Ba- _ pios and indexes complete the work.

rrios, and Francisco Menéndez; and miscellaneous other subjects.

4571. Garcia, Miguel A., ed. Diccionario c. Government and Politics historico enciclopédico de la republica 4577, Bustamante Maceo, Gregorio. Hisde El Salvador. San Salvador, 1927-. | toria militar de El Salvador. San SalvaSpecial volumes outside the numbered series dealing dor, 1935.211p especially with El Salvador are Asamblea Nacional Brief ' d ° nted a ti ketch £ batt!

Constituyente de 1835, 1936, 547 p.; San Salvador, f vugkt bs troops f EI “Salvador Follow, db Orie [1933?]-1939, 2 v.; Universidad Nacional, [19412]}- {OU8RE DY Troops © adorn, | agers

1952.3 of military figures written by other auoan biographies thors and by military anecdotes.

4572. Garcia, Miguel A., ed. Gral. don Ma . ;

nuel José Arce: homenaje en el primer 4578. allare ese eee a centenario de su fallecimiento. Pe © tiribarne]. ‘Trib M iNadia, ay fai/rief summary of the history o u oe eg: ¢ most

particularly with regard to Jamaica, and with obvious usual heads in each report are: population; occupa-

implications for the United States. tions, wages, and labor organization; public finance

and taxation; currency and banking; commerce; pro-

4867. Simey, Thomas S. Welfare and plan- duction; social services; legislation; justice, police,

: : . and prisons; public utilities; communications; geog-

56T in the West Indies. Oxford, 1946. raphy and climate; history; administration; weights

p. uius., map. and measures; newspapers and periodicals; and select

A standard work, by the first welfare adviser sent to bibliography.

the West Indies under the British colonial develop- . ment and welfare program. Recommends the estab- 4872. Richardson, John H. Review of Balishment of a priority for developing the social ser- hamian economic conditions and postvices and the use of modern sociology in drawing up war problems. Nassau, 1944. 150 p a new technique for administering the area. A competent professional summary. Professor Rich-

4868. Smith, Michael G. The plural society ardson was Economic Advisor to the Bahamas

in the British West Indies. Berkeley, °°Y"™°™

1965. 359 p. illus., map. — c. Barbados

A collection of twelve essays, some historical, some

erning various parts e Britis est Indies, _

containing analyses of Present day situations. oo 4873. Great Britain. Colonial Office. Annual chiefly andofthe Islands. deals Hl map. port on with theJamaica influence theWindward mixed cultural andEach racial illus., (/tsBarbados. Colonial 1947-. annualLondon. reports). character of West Indian society upon a particular Se¢ Comment above under Bahamas.

aspect of social life—land tenure, education, occupa- ° tional choice, community organization, etc. Imagina- 4874. ede Br uce. Barbados & the tive and penetrating analyses by a distinguished West confederation question, 1871-1885. Lon-

Indian sociologist. don, 1956. 149 p. . . ; . A scholarly monograph (originally a doctoral disserta-

4869. Smith, Michael G. West Indian family tion in London University). Describes the successful

structure. Seattle, 1962. 311 p. illus., struggle of the leaders of the Barbadian community bibl theirpressure separateforand archaic constitution, 5 . to ; . retain inst strong amalgamation and change

Analysis, comparison, and interpretation of data on @80!08U ,

the family organization of five communities in three emanating from the Colonial Office.

West Indian societies: Jamaica, Grenada, and Carria- . ; cou. By a distinguished West Indian sociologist who d. British Guiana

has the advantage of familiarity4875. withClementi, West Sir Africa also. to, . ; Cecil. The Chinese in

4870. Underhill, Edward B. The West In- _ British Guiana. Georgetown, 1915. 416 dies: their social and religious condition. p. maps. London, 1862. 493 p. illus. Oo A full and well-informed history of Chinese immigra-

Underhill was the Secretary of the Baptist Missionary tion, by a civil servant familiar with both Hongkong Society and this book was the result of a tour under- and British Guiana.

taken to investigate the religious condition of Baptist . . woe churches in the West Indies. It is the most reliable 4876. Davis, Nicholas D. Records of British source of information about the peasantry of Jamaica Guiana. Demerara, 1888. in the decade before the Morant Bay rising. Davis was an antiquarian and bibliophile who wrote a

BRITISH WEST INDIES 447 number of minor historical works, including one on self-government in British Guiana. LonBarbados and a reply to Froude. The present work is don, 1958. 246 p. illus

very scarce obviously out ofadministration date, but it is care-ofA the studfree ° , ee villages, a gs , . aand y of the local

fully done and is the only one in its field. established in British Guiana after emancipation, 4877. Great Britain. British Guiana and down to the ’fifties of the present century; also the

eas © ct relation of local government to central government,

Report Honowas Set yes 30 een especially in such vital fields as water control.

by commend 7533), Parliament. Papers e. British Honduras Report of a commission on the possibility of settling 4885. Burdon, Sir John A., ed. Archives of

some of the surplus population of the West Indian British Honduras. London. 1931-1935

islands on empty in British Honduras. Littleland came of it. v.Guiana maps.and ; British 3 ° ? ° . . V. 3 relates to the period 1841-1884. A calendar of

4878. Great Britain. Colonial Office. An- material in the local archives of British Honduras, nual report on British Guiana. London, principally those of the governor's office. The more 1946-. Annual to 1962. illus., map. (/ts important documents are summarized (not quoted),

Colonial annual reports). ee .

See comment above under Bahamas. 4886. Caiger, Stephen L. British Honduras, 4879. Im Thurn, Everard F. Among the — Past and present. London, 1951. 240 p.

Indians Guiana. London, 1883. 445 accurate p. , 0° meP 4 bl ‘Ilus.. maofchatty, readable, and reasonably narrative,

A Classic 4 yy d Gescription Pp. é ¢ the OF inter; BritishOfGui withGuiana observations onthe current conditions andthe some disthe¢interior british cussion of Guatemalan (but not Mexican

in the 1880's: archaeology, anthropology, and natural claim.

history. A number of works published about this time . . , deal with the aboriginal population of Guiana. This 4887. Great Britain. Colonial Office. British is the best of them. It marks a new departure, in that Honduras: report. 1948~. London. illus., West Indian ethnological studies, hitherto inseparable map. ( Its Colonial annual reports). entity assumed a separate existence and See comment above under Bahamas.

4880. Nath, Dwarka. A history of Indians f. Jamaica

in British Guiana: with a foreword by Sir Gordon Lethem. London, 1950. 251 4888. Bell, Wendell. Jamaican leaders:

p. illus., map. political attitudes in a new nation. Berke-

The standard work on East Indian immigration, ley, 1964. 229 p. illus., map, bibl. settlement, and subsequent vicissitudes. An interesting, though somewhat ponderous and repet° itive study of Jamaican politicians, their aims, and 4881. Schomburgk, Sir Rober t H. A de- their methods, over a ten year period. Analysis based scription of Bush Surana, geograplucal on acomplicated ‘‘attitudinal questionnaire.”

and statistical. London, . .Memoir eure . of map P4889. Burchell, William F.

A magisterial account of the geography, resources, Thomas Burchell, twenty-two years a social life, and administration of the colony shortly missionary in Jamaica. London, 1849.

after emancipation, by a former governor. 416 p. illus.

. woe . Burchell like Knibb and Phillippo was one of the

4882. Smith, Raymond T. British Guiana. leading Baptist missionaries in the colony during the R London, Pp. in maps, bibl.form th period 1823 1846. This biography containsofconsideractual and1962. useful218 account the usual of the able information about the “persecution” the Bap-

series issued by the Royal Institute of International _ tists following the massive slave rebellion on the north

Affairs, to which it belongs. The author is a West coast during the Christmas season of 1831-1832. Indian and professor in the University of Ghana. [G.K.]

4883. Swan, Michael. British Guiana: the 4890. Commonwealth Economic Committee.

land of six peoples. London, 1957. 235 Commonwealth development and _ its

p. illus., maps, bibl. financing, v. 8. Jamaica. London, 1964.

A 1955 tour throughout the colony, describing the 63 p.

life of the various peoples inhabiting it and the politi- A description of changes in the Jamaican economy, cal problems of the area. The historical background is 1952-1962, providing sources of financing of investdeftly and accurately summarized. Prepared for pub- ment, employment effects of new activities, etc. A

lication by the Colonial Office. very useful survey.

4884. Young, Allan. The approaches to local 4891. Cumper, George E. The social struc-

448 SINCE _ INDEPENDENCE ture of Jamaica. [Kingston], 1949.90 p. 4898. Jamaica Independence Conference,

(Caribbean affairs 4). London, 1962. Report. London, 1962. 14

A succinct and penetrating monograph, analyzing p. (Great Britain. Parliament. Papers by some of the more pressing problems of Jamaica: command 1638).

housing conditions, landholding, population growth,

migration, racial origin, and status. 4899. Long, Anton V. Jamaica and the new 4892. Curtin, Philip D. Two Jamaicas: the order, 1827-1847. Mona, Jamaica, 1956. role of ideas in a tropical colony 1830- 167 p. bibl. (University of the West In-

1865. Cambridge, Mass., 1955. 270 p. dies, Institute of Social and Economic illus., map, bibl. Research. Special series 1). .

A penetrating and sympathetic analysis of the social 4 Competent essay on the immediate eee manciee history of Jamaica from the abolition of slavery to the On years in Jamaica, the problems o ming hewly Morant Bay riots, in terms of the ideas and attitudes emancipated slaves me a free society and economy,

history. ~ of the principal social groups concerned — planters, sic e anempte solutions. Ihere is an extensive merchants, small settlers, and the ex-slave laborers =! UO8TaPNY-

and peasants. One of the best of a series of recent 49990, Mintz, Sidney W. Historical sociology works on what was a neglected period of Jamaican of the Jamaican church-founded free vil

. , ; lage system. De West-Indische Gids. v.

4893. Eisner, Gisela. Jamaica, 1830-1930: 38 Sept.. 1958: 46-70

a ey 99 growth. Deals with the special character of peasant villages set . p.S bibl D101. upManchester, by the missionary churches in Jamaica after eman-

A very able application of the techniques of national cipation. An able study by a sociologist who knows income accounting to the study of the economic de- _ the island well.

velopment of Jamaica over a hundred years. Contains es . much good statistical material not previously thought 4901. Olivier, Sy dney H., baron. Jamaica,

to exist. The first part consists of a series of national the blessed island. London, 1936. 466 p. income estimates, the second of commentary under maps.

the heads of population, pattern of production, plan- Part descriptive, part a restatement of the policies that tation economy, peasantry, external trade, produc- the author pursued in the Colonial Office and in Jamai-

tivity, social conditions, and public finance. ca. 4894. Great Britain. Colonial Office. Re- 4902. Phillippo, James M. Jamaica: its past

port on Jamaica, London, 1946-1955. and present state. London, 1843. 487 p. Kingston, 1956-. map. (/ts Colonial an- illus.

nual reports). A historical treatment of the events in the island of

See comment above under Bahamas. Jamaica from the time of the Baptist missionary au-

. thor’s arrival in the 1820’s up to the mid-nineteenth

4895. Hall, Douglas. Free Jamaica, 1838—_ century. Particularly useful for an understanding of 1865: an economic history. Haven, me Britishin government's amenioratefriction the con: ; New itions of slavery the s andsents the tegrowing ane? . 2? oP - map. (Caribbean 5 us ). « between the Evangelical missionaries and the planter cen . y oe . regime both during the fight to end slavery and later to economic difficulties ofContains Jamaica invaluable the thirtychapters years terminate apprenticeship at ly date.1G.K. (G.K.] after emancipation. on ! PP P atan early date. rural labor and on the growth of peasant cultivation. 4903. Reid, Victor S. New Day. N.Y., 1949.

4896. Henriques, Fernando. Jamaica, land of R 374 novel Pp. «mid-nineteenth century Jamaica, about mid-nineteenth century aica,by a wood and water. London, 1957. 216 p. distinguished Jamaican journalist. Contains a vivid

illus., map. ; and moving account of the Morant Bay riots and their

A description of the life and customs of present-day sequel, seen through the eyes of the book’s hero as a Jamaicans, with a perceptive account of the historical small boy.

background, written by a capable sociologist who is . also a sympathetic observer. 4904. Roberts, George W., and D. O. Mills.

. . Study of external migration affecting Ja-

4897. International Bank for Reconstruction maica, 1953-1955. Mona, Jamaica, 1958. and Development. The economic develop- 126 p. (Social and economic studies)

ment of Jamaica. Baltimore, 1952. 288 p. A detailed analysis of the nature and impact of Jamai-

illus., map. can migration in the middle ’fifties, emphasizing the ef-

A general economic and financial survey of the island fect of movement upon the economy and in particular and a study of development requirements, carried out _ the labor force of the island. Originally published as a by a mission appointed by the bank at the request of | supplement to SES, v. 7, no. 2, June, 1958. the then governor, Sir Hugh Foot. A comprehensive

and detailed account. Includes a valuable section on 4905. Semmel, Bernard. The Governor Eyre

the social services. controversy. London, 1962. 188 p. bibl.

FRENCH WEST INDIES 449 A brief summary of the events of the Morant Bay ris- 4913. Klass, Morton. East Indians in Triniing in 1865, and an account of Eyre’s earlier career, dad: a study of cultural persistence. N.Y., followed by a penetrating and full analysis of the con- 1961. 265 p. illus

troversy in Great Britain about Eyre’s conduct in re- ° p. INUS. .

pressing the rising A careful and perceptive community study of an important minority of the Trinidadian population. Based

4906. Smith, Michael G., Roy Augier, and both on field work and on a thorough study of the Rex Nettleford. The Ras Tafari movement __/iterature.

1960 See Jamaica. Mona, Jamaica, i. Windward Islands An interesting and fair account of one of the more ec- 4914, Great Britain. Colonial Office. Annual

centric jamaican sects and the semisecret society as- report on Dominica, B.W.I., 1947-. Lon-

don. illus., map. Uts Colonial annual reports).

g. Leeward Islands See above under Bahamas.

4907. Baker, E. C. A guide to records inthe 4915. Great Britain. Colonial Office. Annual

Leeward Islands. Oxford, 1965. 102 p. report on St. Lucia, B.W.I., 1946—. Lon-

map. — don. illus., map. Uts Colonial annual reA listing with location and dates of archival materials ports)

in Antigua, Montserrat, Nevis, St. Christopher, and ;

the British Virgin Islands. Index. See above under Bahamas.

4908. Great Britain. Colonial Office. Annual +10. Seat aT ew nana

report on the Leeward Islands, 1947- ep on a ee? 1954, London. illus., map. (/ts Colonial London. illus., map. U/ts Colonial annual annual reports). 5 reports). der Bah See above under Bahamas. No more reports were ce above under bahamas.

published after 1954. _ 4917. Great Britain. Colonial Office. Report

on Grenada, 1950—-. London, illus. (/ts

h. Trinidad Colonial annual reports). . . See above under Bahamas.

4909. Craig, Hewan. The Legislative Coun-

cil of Trinidad and Tobago. London, 4918. Rampersad, Frank B. Growth and 1952. 195 p. map, bibl. (Studies in co- structural change in the economy of Trin-

lonial legislatures 6). idad and Tobago 1951-1961. Mona, Ja-

A clear and competent account of constitutional de- Maica, 1964. 9S p. (Institute of Social velopment from 1831 to 1950, concentrated mainly and Economic Research. University of on the perio¢ since 1925 and on the move toward the West Indies, Jamaica. Social and

responsible government. . | economic studies).

4910. Gamble, W. H. Trinidad, historical Anadequate study. 6 amble and descriptive. London, 1866. 120 P. the . 4919. was a Baptist missionary, and chiefSmith, valueMichael “ee, . G. Kinship and com-

of his book is in his account of the work of the missions. Unity in Carriacou. New Haven, 1962. It is an interesting illustration of the attitude of a de- 347 p. illus., map. (Caribbean series 5). voted man and of many others like him, who hated A very able and detailed analysis of the social life ofa with equal intensity the memory of slavery, the preva- Very small island in the Grenadines: one of a series of lence of pagan superstition, and the authoritarianism such studies by a gifted sociologist.

of the Church of Rome. 4920. Smith, Michael G. Stratification in

4911. Great Britain. Colonial Office. An- Grenada. Berkeley, 1965. 271 p. illus.,

nual report on Trinidad and Tobago, bibl.

1946. London. illus., map. (/ts Colonial An excellent study of the social structure, in particular

annual reports). the class structure, of a relatively prosperous island

See above under Bahamas. that does not depend on sugar for its living.

4912. Herskovits, Melville J., and Frances S. . Trinidad Village. N.Y., 1947. 351 p. illus. 3. French West Indies

A detailed study by a distinguished anthropologist of —— . ;

a Protestant Negro community in Trinidad. Introduces a. Bibliographies and Guides

the concepts of cultural focus and retention to ex- . “tae . ao: plain the changing culture of the people of Tocoa and 4921. Martineau, Alfred. Bibliographie d’his-

implies a much wider application of such concepts. toire coloniale (1900-1930). Paris, 1932.

450 SINCE _ INDEPENDENCE 667 p. A definitive work and a valuable scientific document.

Includes a section on the French West Indies, with a Primanly a description of the physical and human

useful list of books and periodicals. geography of the island, but also contains much ar-

chaeological information based on field work, and his-

b.G / torical information on local - Generar records, down tobased the present day.and The metropolitan author was an

. , eyewitness of the last eruption of Mont Pelée in 1929-

4922. Delaunay-Belleville, Andre. Choses et 1939 and has much to say about volcanoes and their gens de la Martinique: ce que la Mar- effect on human life and fortunes.

Ss0 mans a la France. Paris, 1963. 4930. Sablé, Victor. La transformation des A description of the contemporary scene in the island, iles d Amerique en departements fran-

by a martiniquais, emphasizing the cultural and his- gals. Paris, 1955. 200 p. a

torical ties with France and insisting on the place of A highly condensed legal and constitutional history

Martinique in “‘la grande famille francaise.” of the French West Indian islands in the nineteenth

. . and twentieth centuries, with an analysis of their

4923. Hearn, Lafcadio. Two years in the present constitutional position in relation to the French West Indies. N.Y., 1890. 431 p. metropolitan country. illus.

A series of light, amusing, and evocative sketches of c. Sources

Martinique end of theInstitut nineteenth Nationale century. 4931. Fde : aleladeStatisla S . ,at.theFrance. salen she ional 304 bo Hose tique et des Etudes Economiques. Annuaire

maps P , " P. 1Mus., de la Guadeloupe 1949-. Paris, 1950.

A detailed description of the volcano and history of Provides statistical data on an annual basis.

its recorded eruptions, in particular that of 1902 which 4937. France. Institut Nationale de la Statis-

destroyed the town of Saint-Pierre. tique et des Etudes Economiques. An4925. Lasserre, Guy. La Guadeloupe: nuaire de la Guyane 1947-. Paris, 1948-. étude géographique. 2 v. Bordeaux, 1961. Provides statistical data on an annual basis.

illus., maps, bibl. 4933. France. Institut Nationale de la Statis-

A definitive work, beautifully illustrated ._ desEtudes E . AAnoughly documented. Primarily a geographical analysis,and tiquethoret des Ktu Economiques. but also examines recent social, economic, and politi- nuaire de la Martinique 1952-. Paris,

calneed history and theFrench contemporary scene. Emphasizes Pilbasis. oo, the for continued support. Provides statistical data on an 19 annual

4926. Mazin, E. Les Antilles francaises, d étude juridique et économique. Toulouse, . Economy and Society A sonvpetent 1 etoral dissertation on the development 4934. Delawarde, Jean B. La vie paysanne a

of the government of the French West Indies in the la Martinique: These. Fo rt-de-France, nineteenth century and down to 1919. A dull book. 1937. 226 p. illus., maps, bibl.

; ; A detailed study of landholding, land use, rural indus-

4927. Resse, Alix. Guyane francaise, terre _ try, and rural social life, based on field observation.

de Tespace. Paris, 1964. 232 p. illus., 4935 Guiral, Paul. L’immigration régle-

photographs. . ; ;

maps. _ mentée aux Antilles francaises et A la

A chatty description of land and people, withParis, good Réunj . éunion. 1911. 154 p.: bibl. . , _ A resume of attempts in the nineteenth century to

4928. Revert, Eugene. La France d’Ame- relieve a labor shortage in the French islands by enrique: Martinique, Guadeloupe, Guyane, couraging African immigrants.

Saint-Pierre et Miquelon. Paris, 1949. 4936. Lepelletier de Saint-Rémy, R. Les 287 p. illus., maps, bibl. (Collection — Antilles francaises. Paris, 1859. 161 p.

Terres lointaines). An economic survey of the French Antilles in the

A closely condensed description, by a distinguished middle of the nineteenth century, with particular em-

geographer, of the French possessions in the New phasis on monetary problems. Sketches the history

tual life. tury and a half.

World: the lands, peoples, economic life, and intellec- of money in the West Indies during the previous cen-

4929. Revert, Eugene. La Martinique, étude 4937. Sanderson, Agnes. French West In-

geographique et humaine. Paris, 1949. dies: agricultural production and trade. 559 p. illus., maps. (Biblioteque de P'union Washington, 1964. 26 p. maps, bibl.

francaise). (U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. Economic

VENEZUELA 45] Research Service. ERS-Foreign 80). their history. In Dutch and English. An adequate survey.

4938. Schoelcher, Victor. Histoire de Tés- 5. The Virgin Islands

clavage pendant les deux dernieres 4943, Evans, Luther H. The Virgin Islands.

années. 2 v. Paris, 1847. a From naval base to New Deal. Ann France oe in connection with West Indian slavery the United °:;. A careful and well-documented history on of the

A detailed account of the political maneuvering in Arbor, 1945. 365 p. map

eve of oenane pation, and oe he attempts of the West States Virgin Islands, with a preliminary chapter on ndian planters to secure their Own economic posi- the history of the islands under Danish rule.

tion, by imposing fees for compulsory manumission . or by other means. A typical example of Schoelcher’s 4944, Great Britain. Colonial Office. British

cumulated; reports). evidence. _ :

technique of propaganda through the weight of ac- Virgin Islands: Report for the year 1955-—

1956. London. illus. (/ts Colonial annual

4. The Netherlands West Indies See above under Bahamas.

4939. Ellis, J. W., M. P. Gorsira, and F.C. J. 4945. Larsen, Jens P. M. Virgin Islands

Nuyten. De zelfstandigheid der eiland- story: a history of the Lutheran State

gebieden: een bijdrage tot herziening der Church, other churches, slavery, educaeilandregeling Nederlandse Antillen. tion, and culture in the Danish West In-

Willemstad, Curacao, 1955. 240 p. dies, now the Virgin Islands. PhiladelA detailed account of the recent constitutional history phia, 1950. 250 p. illus. of the Dutch islands and of their self-governing Chiefly concerned with the history of Lutheran mis-

status. sionary activity and the part played by the Lutheran

4940. Netherlands West Indies. Constitution. ©%".87Histor; Brapiy

(Escuela de Biblioteconomia y Ar- 4954. Carrera Damas, German. Critica hischivos. Serie bibliografica tematica 1). torica: articulos y ensayos. Caracas,

This is an outstanding bibliography of some 467 titles 1960. 162 p. bibl. of explorations and travel acount. irom colonial German Carrera Damas is one of the finest materialist times on. The work is arranged alphabetically by pictorians in Venezuela today. His work rarely sufauthor and the bibliographical descriptions are com- far. from the doctrinaire and simple-minded dogmaplete. It is extremely valuable and a useful contribu- tism of other historical materialists. This collection

. iti istory. i

tion to Venezuelan bibliography. of essays on topics of intellectual history shows

4951. Grases, Pedro. Fuentes generales para Carer preoccupation with historiography and the el estudio de la literatura venezolana. as liberalism, social-political significance of the hunRNC. ano 11, no. 81, jul—agosto, 1950: — dredth anniversary of the Federal War, and a discus-

86-99. sion of the origins of socialism in Venezuela. The

VENEZUELA 455

notes are very good. twentieth century.

4955. Carrera Damas, German. Cuestiones 4959. Magallanes, Manuel V. Partidos poli-

de historiografia venezolana. Caracas, ticos venezolanos. Caracas, 1959. 208 p.

1964. 185 p. (Coleccion avance 7). illus.

This book has two themes. First Carrera discusses the In this quick summary of the origins and doctrines of methods of teaching history in Venezuela, a topic that major Venezuelan political parties from 1810 to 1959,

he treats as a logical extension of his interest in his- there is no attempt to analyze the relationships be-

toriography. The other theme is the economic and so- _‘ tween parties or to differentiate between political par-

cial implications of the war for independence. This ties and political pressure groups. Over half the article is a very careful and provocative analysis of | volume refers to twentieth-century organizations. the historiography and ideology of socioeconomic Nevertheless, it is a good guide to Venezuela’s politistudies of the independence movement. The focus of cal groupings.

this wide-ranging analysis is Charles C. Griffin’s Los . :

temas sociales y econdmicos en la época de la inde- 4960. Parra, Francisco J. Doctrinas de la

pendencia (Caracas, 1962). Such dialogues as this cancilleria venezolana: digesto. N.Y., are far too rare in Latin American historiography. 1952-1964. 5 v. This highly useful series contains a digest of the posi-

3. General tions taken by the Venezuelan department of foreign relations on international questions. Each volume

4956. Gilmore, Robert L. Caudillism and covers a period of years between 1830 and 1939 and militarism in Venezuela. 1810-1910 within each volume the digest is arranged alphabeti-

. 7. ‘cally by topic. Each volume carries an index, which is

Athens, Ohio, 1964. 211 p. bibl. cumulative (1, 1830-1885: II, 1886-1889: III, 1900-

This interesting and provocative study attempts to 1912. IV, 1913-1924: V, 1925-1935; VI, 1936evaluate the various personalist regimes in Venezuela 1939),

in terms of their caudillesque or militaristic charac- ; ; teristics. In so doing, Gilmore presents perceptive 4961. Picon Rivas, Ulises. Indice constitutypology of Venezuelan regimes that distinguishes cional de Venezuela. Caracas, 1944. 851 clearly between the caudillo and the militarist. This is p. bibl 7830. vee Tare Tirst rate contemporary studies of post This useful work is divided into two parts. In the first section Picén Rivas discusses each of the constitu-

4957. Gonzalez Guinan, Francisco. Historia _ tions of Venezuela from 1811 to 1936. He touches on contemporanea de Venezuela. Caracas, their sources, their formal structure, and their differ-

1909-1925. 15the v ences previous constitutions. second part . . of bookfrom contains the texts of these The constitutions. Written at the turn of the century, this detailed and . . accurate history of Venezuela in the nineteenth cen- 4962. Venezuela. Presidencia. Documentos tury is amonument to the perseverance and dedication que hicieron historia: siglo y medio de of one of Venezuela's best positivist historians. These vida republicana, 1810-1961. Caracas,

volumes contain information on every aspect of Vene- 1962. 2 v. bibl zuelan life from the names of national legislators to - sore. Piston account is useful, but it must be pared of its intense

e€ 10S mi 1as. errera. € juno , . poe

ae we e Hey t. I. Fl et de vali partisan bias in the process.

de 1900. Bogota, 1956-. maps. =r. Paez, Julian M. Cartas politicas. It is the intent of the author to produce an additional ogota, 1896. volume. The work is useful, but ill organized and This is a review book, in which Paez works over focused. The author inserts obiter dicta on a variety Calderon Reyes’s Niinez y la regeneracion to ‘“‘conof topics, but always returns to the main thread of his _ tradict, with truth in hand, that deification which is topic: the War of the Thousand Days, 1899-1902. given Nunez.” In the process Paez presents his view

, ; , of Colombian politics and political events.

5183. Martinez Silya, Carlos. Por que caen los partidos politicos (politica colombiana 5189. Pérez, Felipe. Anales de la revolucion,

interna e international—separacion de escritos segun sus propios documentos. Panama—epistolario). Juicio critico de Primera €poca, que comprende desde el

S d leadi it. M d 1

L.E. eto comentarios 861 apn de .] Bogota, Boe tasia,elp.18 de julio de notas de“abareno. Hernando MartinezUy Santamaria. Bogota, 1934. lit, xvi, 568 p. A very detailed account of the course of the civil war

Much of the volume is documentary, including docu- and events leading up to it. Many documents are inments on the Panama question, the 31 July 1900 coup, Cluded in the text. The work is at once memoir and

the Uribe Uribe—Martinez Silva correspondence Chronicle by a prominent Liberal. The Anales are on how to end the War of the Thousand Days, and written with passion: “I todo por que? por el furor i over 350 pages of letters by Martinez Silva. el capricho de un hombre; por su soberbia, por su vanidad, por su mala fe. Porque, nacido para tinterillo

5184. Carlos. Revistas poli- de aldea, los hombros de oy de un partido . .Martinez . am. Silva, sanguinario i estupido .. hizo .”’ pié (p.en99-100). The man he eas pubiicadas 5 5 his Otvon comnphetns had in mind was President Mariano Ospina.

10 v. Bogotdé, 1934-1940). ae Perez Aguirre, guntonio. one radicales 1934-1935. 2 Vv. Bogota, y laregeneracion. Bogota, -, Martinez Silva was a founder and editor of E/ Re- ats author s rst gambit in the fistory of deeralism portorio Colombiano (1878-1898), which was the after mid-nineteenth century. Ihe years dealt wi major journal of its time in Colombia. He wrote init ‘un from 1863 to 1886. The bibliography is limited, a running commentary on the political scene of his Of good quality, and appears only in the footnotes. His day, which chronicled, analyzed, and interpreted. later work on the 1853 to 1878 period covers much of

. the same ground but there is very little borrowing

3185. Mosquera, Tomas C. de. Resumen oftext and the main theme is different.

historic ee los acontecimuentos que han 5191. Pérez Aguirre, Antonio. 25 afios de

de | 0 derios - Heia I ne ha C dido historia colombiana, 1853 a 1878, del btene r el ‘eeneral ofe del estado ma or centralismo a la federacion. Bogota,

ceneral Box te 18s 5 226. levi y 1959. 448 p. bibl. (Biblioteca Eduardo The military operations of the consitatiovalist forces Santos 18 ). ,

‘ast the Melo Insurrection of 1854 The author also uses penend nameof of the Salustio. A against the select bibliography appears atthethe work,

5186. Nieto Arteta, Luis E. Economia y _ but the items are rarely cited. Most of the relatively cultura en la historia de Colombia few footnotes are to the press, to official publications, Homologias logs lomb . BO-argentinas. and to other in the bibliography. COlOM bogota,books volume isnot a general history for its period. It isThis more

1942. 459 p. bibl. narrative than interpretative or analytical.

The book deals with 22 different themes, which are . .

followed by an appendix of comparison with Argen- 5192. Restrepo, Juan P. La iglesia y el estado tina. The coverage in time is mainly nineteenth century en Colombia. London, 1885. 690 p.

from Independence to 1886. Widely used and lavishly Still the major treatise on the topic for Colombia, the

praised by some, the work is strongly interpretative book is a study of church-state relations based on and almost wholly based on published sources. Those laws. decrees, and practices that controlled the workchapters dealing with articles of trade and withforeign ing arrangements and changes made in them. Organcommerce include useful tables. There is a Marxist ized in three sections and a résumé conclusion. Part

COLOMBIA: NINETEENTH CENTURY 48] one presents the colonial period in analytic subsections biana 135-136). that deal with the patronato, fuero, property, revenues, A constitutional history of Colombia and an articlechurches and cemeteries, religious communities, and _py-article review of the Constitution of 1886.

education. Part two presents the republican era to ; 1852 with much the same analytical outline. Part 5197. Soto, Focién. Memorias sobre el three deals the Separation of church and state, de resistencia a lasm dictadura again inwith analytical subsections, butmovimiento there are changes _Z —no section on fuero, one added on censos and de Rafael Nunez. 1884-1885. B ogota, capellanias, and others on marriage, and supervision- 1913.2. persecution. Much official documentary material is The contents are divided into three parts and a

quoted in the text. documentary appendix. The first part concerns recla-

] mations against election abuses; the second treats

5193. Rivas Groot, José M. Asuntos consti- resistance to abusive government; and part three tucionales econémicos y fiscales. Bogota, deals with the campaign on the Caribbean coast and

1909. the conclusion of the conflict. A useful if partisan - : .560 , aepdescription of working politics in the 1880's.

Part one is good narrative review of constitutional

history, which emphasizes the trend to destroy the s 4 authority of the central government through the Con- 5198. Vega, Jose de la. La federacion en

stitution of 1863, endangering national unity, promot- Colombia (18 10-1912). Bogota, 19 52. ing regionalism at expense of nationalism. Part two 325 p. (Biblioteca de autores colombianos is a narrative review of economic and fiscal develop- 4),

ments from 1810 to 1909 with a good number of useful 4 useful introduction to the topic, based on secondary

summary tables drawn from official records. There works, ministerial reports, collected correspondence is also a section on the monetary question, and the of a few major figures, presidential messages, and very volume concludes with a summation of the impact of scant use of the press.

civil conflicts of the nineteenth century on the economy and government revenues.

5194. Rocha Gutiérrez, Rafael. La verdadera e. Biographies y la falsa democracia: doctrina con- 5199, Alfaro, Ricardo J. Vida del general stitucional y proyecto de constitucion Tomas Herrera. Barcelona, 1909. 351 politica para la republica de Colombia. p. illus.

Paris, 1887. 400 p. Biography of an able soldier of the wars of indepen-

The author, convinced that civil conflicts of Latin dence—in his later years a public official, a congressAmerica had their origin in the fact that government man, and a prominent figure in the defense of the conrested on an “oligarchy of party led by aman,” wrote stitution against the Melo Insurrection of 1854. He in 1886 a study on the natural laws governing parties was shot as he led troops in the occupation of the (the “exposici6n preliminar”’ of this volume, p. 1-100) Nieves ward of Bogota, and died early the following

of 1886 (‘‘doctrina constitucional,” p. 101- to , .

and a critical review of the “‘authoritarian const morning. which he appended a proposed federal constitution 5200. Arboleda Llorente, José M. Vida del

ustice. . 109). ; _ bianos 108,

for Colombia. The “‘doctrina constitucional” is a Illmo. Senor Manuel José Mosquera, comparative study, although its central theme is Arzobispo de Santa Fede Bogota. Bogota,

rm The author was once a Supreme Court 1956. 2 v. (Biblioteca de autores colom5195. Rodriguez Pineres, Eduardo. ElOlimpo _ vy. 2 is a collection of letters written by Archbishop

radical. Ensayos Mosquera from 1824 1852, according ‘ _ 4conocidos personse inéditos to whom addressed. Attothe endgrouped are two lettersto sobre su epoca. 1864~1884. Bogota, by Manuel J. Quiyano, one of 1849 and the other of

195 0. . 1851, on the political situation. The biographical part

The bibliography that the author has included is of the work, v. 1, is actually the work of two authors. select, but of high quality. A good combination of The archbishop’s brother, Manuel Maria, left an innarrative and analysis is present in the pieces on the complete biography of the archbishop that carried parties, religious persecution, federation, four coups the narrative to 1845. Chaps. 18 and 20-42 are the d’état, the conflict between Nufez and the Radicals, much later work of Arboleda Llorente. The work is and the revolution of 1875. In the chapter on the heavily archival in character, to which has been added constellation of Olympus, twelve leading Radicals are wide-ranging search in other sources. This is not the given interpretative biographical treatment, and the gefinitive biography of the great churchman, but it book concludes with an appendix on the election of wil] remain one of essential consultation.

the 7th of March 1879. 5201. José M. Bi fj ‘lit , ALEof- Daraya, jose B . 10gratiaS mulitares,

5196. Samper, José M. Derecho publico o historia militar del pais en medio siglo.

interno de Colombia. Historia critica Bogota, 1874. 2 v

del derecho constitucional colombiano Seventy-two biographical sketches are provided, desde 1810 hasta 1886. Bogota, 1951. roughly divided into two military generations. The 2 v. (Biblioteca popular de cultura colom- first to 1840 and the second approximately to date of

48? SINCE INDEPENDENCE publication. history of NewConservative Granada as itideologue, is a biography ofand the , baa very influential leader, 5202. Calder on Rey es, Carlos. Nunez y la president Mariano Ospina Rodriguez. It is well docuregeneracion. Paris, 1894. 112 p. mented and not too partisan.

An essay written upon learning of the death of Nunez. , . . ps

In it Calderon attempted an evaluation, not a history 5208. Gomez Barrientos, Estanislao. Paginas or a biography, of Nufiez’s political career from 1875 de historia: 25 anos a través del estado de to 1886. The author states that, upon completion of Antioquia. Medellin, 1918-1927. 2 v. the Constitution of 1886 and of pacification of the 4 continuation of a biography of Mariano Ospina’s

country. Nufez’s career was completed. The imple- |ife and times. When Ospina and his family returned mentation of his contributions would have to rest in from long years of exile in 1871, he took his family to

sympathetic but not adulatory. > . 5203. C Aneel. and Ruf; Cc 5209. Gutiérrez Ponce, Ignacio. Vida de Don

other hands, as of course was the case. The accountis Antioquia. The time span runs from 1863 to 1899.

Vid de R: f eC and Rufino J. “de eu Ignacio Gutiérrez Vergara y episodios vida P u 189 5 Sy y noticias de su hist6ricos de su tiempo, 1806-1877. Lon-

p SP ote th See eit , ve k pub don, 1900. xxviii, 519 p. illus.

Tobably the best ‘life and times” Category work pub- Unfortunately a second volume was never published, lished in the nineteenth century dealing with Colom- so that the account ends in 1849. The work ranks with bia. The period covered runs from 1820 to 1853. the biography of Rufino Cuervo by Angel and Rufino J.

5204. Cuervo Marquez, Carlos. Vida del Cuervo as a study of a man’s life and his times. The

Z . s s author was a Conservative but belonged to the political

doctor Jose Ignacio de Marquez. B ogota, center in outlook and balance of judgment. There is a 17 18) v. (Biblioteca de historia nacional — yaluable bibliography at the beginning of the book. The biography of the distinguished Granadian lawyer, 5210. Henao Mejia, Gabriel. Juan de Dios

and at one time or another occupant of positions in Aranzazu. Bogota, 1953. 401 p. (Bibliothe three branches of national government, falls into teca de autores colombianos 55).

that category of biography known as “‘the life and = Juan de Dios Aranzazu (1798-1845), whose parents times.” There is no bibliography or index. The sources —_ obtained land grants in what is now northern Caldas

are carefully indicated in the text or in the footnotes. in the last years of the colony, was the scion of a landMarquez’s public life began as a deputy to the Con- owning and commercial family of La Ceja and Riogress of Cucuta and ended as the judge who wrote the negro in Antioquia. During the war for independence opinion absolving Obando of complicity in the Melo he began to show signs of the crippling tuberculosis of

Insurrection of 1854. the spine which would eventually cause his death.

, Nevertheless he served in congress and was active 5205. Eder, Phanor J. El fundador Santi- politically from 1823 to his death. He belonged to the ago M. Eder: recuerdos de su vida y aco- circle of leadership of province and nation. His biogrataciones para la historia econdémica del pher, in treating the lawsuits over the landholdings in Valle del Cauca. Tr. de Antonio José northern Caldas, refers to Professor Parsons, geogra-

Card Luis Carlos Vel pher, as a “tourist disguised as a sociologist.’ There ardenas y COIr. por LUIS Carlos VElasCO are no footnotes or bibliography, but extensive quotes Madrinan. Bogota, 1959. 607 p. illus., from correspondence. The author refers to the large

bibl. collection of Aranzazu letters. Especially useful for the development of the sugarin- 5211. Lemaitre Roman, Eduardo. Reyes. 2.

dustry in the Cauca Valley, ed. Bogota, 1953. 330 p. illus., bibl.

5206. Galvis Salazar, Fernando. Uribe [he life of Reyes is organized in four themes: the cay Uribe. Medellin, 1962. 351 Pp. (Autores the statesman, to 1899: and the dictator, 1904-1909,

antloquenos 12). . or better, the enlightened despot. The treatment is

A biography of a famed Liberal leader who came to impressionistic, with little evidence of intense research prominence in the 1880’s and became a major party or even of a thorough grounding in general Colombian figure under the Conservative dominance until his history. It is the nearest thing, though, to a full biogassassination in 1914. His services as a diplomat and raphy of a significant president.

the wide range of his intellectual interests reflected in , oy band his writings give him greater stature than that of simple 5212. Lemos Guzman, Antonio J. Obando,

leadership in party rivalries. Uribe’s writings on eco- 1795-1861. 2. ed. Popayan, 1959. 460 p. nomic themes, diplomatic problems, and other coun- illus. tries have been collected and published as Por !a The least polemical of the publications dealing with

America del Sur( Bogota, 1955). José Maria Obando, whose long career as soldier,

. : , ; aOspina matteryofsucontroversy. Mariano época. Medellin, - ; ; 1913-1915. 2 v. illus. 5213. Liévano Aguirre, Indalecio. Rafael

5207. Gémez Barrientos, Estanislao. Don hacendado, politician, and polemicist continues to be The time span of these two volumes is 1805 to the end Nunez. Bogota, 1944. 456 p. (Biblioteca of 1863. For the period after 1830 the work is as much basica de cultura colombiana 15).

COLOMBIA: TWENTIETH CENTURY 483 Basing his work on published materials, the author of the civil conflict of 1840-1842. He published a has made a competent synthesis of his materials. great deal, engaged at times in operation of a private

$214, Mesa Nicholls, Alejandro. Biografia S1r yc "2IS49 Tea). and took an active role in de Salvador Cordoba. Bogota, 1920. 300 Liberal politics. His political importance declined p. (Biblioteca de historia nacional 27). after 1862.

The author offers 161 pages of biography and 137 of , , , documents. The correspondence is all post-1830, ex- 5220. Tamayo, Joaquin. D on José Maria

cept for letters from Salvador’s brother José Maria. It Plata y su €poca. Bogota, 1933. 221 p. must continue to serve as a scant substitute for the Plata was a leading member of the Bogota business

second volume of the Archivo of Salvador, which has community by the end of the 1830's. As entrepreneur,

not yet been published. legislator, governor, and cabinet officer, he was long 5215. O Mui G L id an influential figure. José Manuel Restrepo attributes - Ofero UNOZ, ~ ustavo. La vida aZa- to him the first draft of the Constitution of 1853. rosa de Rafael Nunez: un hombre y una 5221. Ta J in. Don Tomas Cipriaépoca. Bogota, 1951. 439 p. illus. (Biblio- d Mesa na Bi, " tA. 1936. 175 P teca de historia nacional 83). A - © tative ecean 5 sees ee leasing ok YW As balanced and full a treatment of the career of the n interpretative essay Dy tamayo s pleasing pen. ne

moras ; - noted that Don Tomas dominated the distinguished but controversial Colombian political . . history of his leader as presently exists time, that his two strongest passions were love of country and love of self, and that many Colombians in their

5216. Otero Munoz, Gustavo. Wilches y su wniting have either calumniated him or tried to ignore

“Tas, ° ‘ * Tamayo presents him in his good9). and bad points and (Biblioteca Santander ; sas época Bucaramanga 1936. 414 p. illus him. Don Tomas is not a man who can be ignored. Solon Wilehes was 4 major regional figure of Colom- Somers him, 2 sklled-and fearless politician who

bian Liberalism whose political career involved him

in the major events and leadership—in and out of ready to be.

office—in the state of Santander. Cursed as a bloody 5222. Tamayo, Joaquin. Nunez. Bogota, monster by Conservatives, he is highly praised by 1939. 224 p Liberals for his ability and magnanimity. He finished A brief inter retative biography that looks at the main school in 1856 and began public life as a Superior aspects of Nunez as man a d statesman. Rather Judge and deputy to the p rovincial assembly of Pam- clinical in effect, the book falls outside the two main

plona. His military experience (fighting political ca- categories of works on Niifiez—adulatory or dereer) began in 1859. He died in 1893, having suffered ,

a rapid decline after 1885 in his5223. political career.Guillermo. nunciatory. Torres Garcia, Migue ,

5217. Posada, Eduardo, and Pedro M. Antonio Caro: su personalidad politica. Ibanez. Vida de Herran. Bogota, 1903. Madrid, 1956. 258 p. illus.

476 p. illus. (Biblioteca de historia na- A useful biography of the public life of Caro, who was

cional 3). influential in shaping the republic of Colombia through

Herran (1800-1872). a Conservative all his days, the Constitution of 1886, and his service on the

played a distinguished role in Colombia as officer, po- | Council of State and as vice president acting as presilitical leader, businessman, and diplomat. The biogra- dent (1892-1896) in place of Rafael Nufiez, who did

phy contains documents and correspondence. not take the position to which he had been elected.

5218. Robledo, Emilio. La vida del general 5224. Vergara, José R. Escrutinio historico: Pedro Nel Ospina. Medellin, 1959. 324 p. Rafael Nunez. Bogota, 1939. 497 p. illus., bibl. (Autores antioquefios 8). First published in serial form in La Prensa of Barran-

In a brief biography of 167 pages, the author presents quilla in 1934. Much of the biography consists of quoOspina as student, industrialist, and congressman; in _ tations, generally long ones. The absence of a bibliogthe War of the Thousand Days: in conflict with Reyes; | T@aphy makes it difficult to determine the sources in

as minister plenipotenciary to the United States; as the text.

governor of Antioquia; and as president of Colombia . (1922-1926). The remainder of the volume is cor- 8. Twentieth Century respondence. TheIn work also offers chapter an index G/ places, and events. the penultimate of to thepeople, ad. Genera

biographical section, Robledo analyzes the multiple . ; . .

facets of Ospina— whom he compares to a universal 5225. American University, Washington,

genius .of, Clai the Renaissance. at ror eign Areas Studies ravision. SpeWartare area NanagvdookKk for COIOMDI1a. 5219. Soriano Lleras, Andrés. Lorenzo Ma- Washinst .

; , , gton, 1961. 619 p. illus., maps.

na Lleras. Bogota, 1958. 207 p. illus. The bulk of this study is concerned with the sociologi-

(Biblioteca Eduardo Santos 14). cal, political, and economic background of Colombian The work consists of 112 pages of biography and 95 society and its pressure groups. It is probably the pages of letters. Lleras belonged to the generation of | single most useful summary of most aspects of CoLiberals of the 1830’s who contributed to the outbreak lombian society.

484 SINCE INDEPENDENCE 5226. Fluharty, Vernon L. Dance of the — cidn al orden nuevo, proceso y drama de millions: military rule and social revolu- un pueblo. Bogota, 1956. 524 p. illus., tion in Colombia, 1930-1956. Pittsburgh, bibl. 1957. 336 p. illus., maps, bibl. Azula Barrera is a widely read and learned person. He A difficult but useful volume that opens with an as-is also a complete Conservative to whom Liberalism, sessment of material and people, and then moves onto whether nineteenth or twentieth century in character, the sociopolitical developments of the post-1930 pe- has been the bane of Colombia. The book focuses on riod. The author was impressed by the failure of Lib- the period since 1930 for the most part and is a mixeralism (1930-1946) to make much progress toward a_ ture of . chronological and thematic treatment. The modern society and by the Conservative recovery of author is knowledgeable, politically aware, and very power that ended in a military coup d’état in 1953. biased. The whole concern is the inevitable explosion Fluharty saw in the military regime the end of republi- of the “Bogotazo” brought on by the Liberals, who canism and the possible generation of a new modern failed to educate and modernize Colombian society.

order by the military. After completing the manuscript : sas in 1956, Fluharty died in 1957. He was unable to re- 5232. Carbonell, Abel. La quincena politica. vise the work in the light of the rapidly changing situa- Bogota, 1952.5 v. (Biblioteca de autores tion in Colombia. He did see that the absolutism of the colombianos 29-33). executive power rapidly drew to it minor sociopoliti- Carbonell was a leading journalist-politician, a memcal reformers of many flavors, including the Socialist ber of the Conservative party. The articles here colParty of Colombia, which hoped to play “philosophe” jected and republished appeared between April 1,

to Rojas Pinilla’s despotism. 1933, and July 15, 1937, in the Revista Colombiana,

5227. Holt, Pat M. Colombia today —and founded by Laureano Gomez and José de la Vega in biblO1O!. 1933.Conservative They record and review and comment on the tomorrow. N.Y., 1964. 2 Pp.09 Map, experience under Liberal government. A very useful survey of the current period, especially The content reminds one of the reports of Liberal exfor its chapters on the National Front and the elections perience under Conservative government to be read of 1962 and 1964, and its discussions of agrarian re- in E/ Tiempo after August, 1946.

form, coffee, urban industry-finance-labor, the city of . . - Cali, and the Catholic Church in Colombia. 5233. Colombia. Direccién de Informacion y

. . : Bogota, 1953. 395 p. illus.

5228. Hunter, John M. Emerging Colombia. Propaganda. Seis meses de gobierno.

Washington, 1962. 116established p. illus.,military bibl. government a: Th th t liti d i, The then recently © author comments on polilics and economics in publicizes its record. A valuable selected collection Colombia in the recent period. Emphasis is placed on of government papers

the educational and research needs for the rapid de-

velopment of Colombia as a modern nation. 5234. Colombia. Directorio Conservador de

5229. Martz, John D. Colombia: a contem- Cundinamarca. Oro y escoria: docuporary political survey. Chapel Hill, mentos que debe tener todo conserva-

1962. 384 p. illus., bibl. dor. Bogota, 1957. .

A useful but not profound survey of political develop- A small handbook of Conservative documents from ments since 1945. It has some serious weaknesses or 1953 to 1957, which sharply distinguishes between

omissions that a careful, detailed reading of the Co- the gold (Laureanistas who never cooperated with lombian press and the post-Rojas flood of pamphlets | Rojas regime) and the dross (other Conservatives who

and books could have avoided. The development of did). The appearance of this little pamphlet under-

the National Front is not worked out nor is its role as _ lined the determination of the Laureanistas to become agent of the economic and professional associations in _ the Conservative faction, in the National Front, rather negotiating the abdication of Rojas through the mili- than the Ospinistas or others.

tary high d brought out. .deosGobierno. .: See Onna OE 5235. Colombia. Ministerio b. Government and Politics Teoria y practica de una politica colom-

, bianista. Bogota, 1956. 821 p. illus.

5230. Agudelo Ramirez, Luis E., and Rafael The contents for the most part are reports to the Montoya y Montoya. Los guerrilleros president of the governors of the departments of Cointelectuales: cartas. documentos e in- /ombia and of the heads of the other territories in . thé Colombia along with those of the heads of a number of formaciones que prohibio la censura. offices of the national government made between mid-

Medellin, 1957. 353 p. illus. 1955 and early 1956. A great deal of information is

Organized in two parts: “Under the yoke of the Dic- made available on the activities of the several levels tatorship,’’ with chapters devoted to such topics as__ of government.

the coup d'état, the killings of June, and the Third . te ue Force, and the New Order; and “Toward the Second 5236. Colombia. Senado de la Republica. Republic,” with chapters on the mobilization of the Comision instructora. El proceso con-

ana ree tne penigomm Agreement, the posi- tra Gustavo Rojas Pinilla ante el con-

’ y ay. greso de Colombia. Bogota, 1960. 3 v.

5231. Azula Barrera, Rafael. De la revolu- An essential document for the understanding of the

COLOMBIA: TWENTIETH CENTURY 485 1950’s. The trial was conducted in 1958-1959. After 5242. Giraldo Londono, Pedronel. Don it was over, Rojas Pinilla published a separate defense. Fernando: juicio sobre un hombre y una

5237. Echavarria Olozaga, Felipe, comp. El epoca; cuarenta anos de historia politica proceso del gobierno del 13 de junio con- de Colombia. Medellin, 1963. 500 p.

tra Felipe Echavarria. Compendio de illus. .

. olombiano , -

documentos transcritos directamente del Ferman¢o Come”. jenn Tovah without ctor Ol ee Proceso, complementados con escritos tion, the author has produced an informed political “oss personalidades. Roma, 1961. piography. The subject was a pillar of Catholic con-

p. servatism, butinnot a gomecista. The alleged conspiracy concert with the Gomez , ~ administration to discredit and murder the military »>243- Gomez Hurtado, Alvaro. E] engano de

charged to Felipe Echavarria, a charge of which he la reforma agraria: dos discursos ante el

was Cleared, has been called a political farce, designed Senado. Bogota, 1961. 64 p. illus. solely to provide the occasion for the Rojas Pinilla This brief publication, highly critical of the existing coup of June 13, 1953. Echavarrta was arrested and agrarian reform program, is full of information. It is interrogated, reportedly seated for a long time on a also representative of the thinking of a son of Laureano laren cake he ice an incident that provided the car- G6mez, who would be his father’s political heir.

oonists with much; 5244. material. ; Las jornadas de mayo: texto completo

5238. Escobar Camargo, Antonio. En el ge todos los documentos que condujeron salon de los virreyes. Testimonio Civil al movimiento libertador de Colombia el _ de un golpe militar Bogota, 1957. 279 p. 10 de mayo de 1957. Bogota, 1957.

.’ Written in , It went to the press two . : +e

potcal events which generated the T3th of June of ‘A, Useful collection. of dacaments pertaining (0, months before the end of the Rojas Pinilla regime in and during the fall of the Rojas Pinilla government.

, : » Joa ,

1957. The author has had a career as a major jurist 5245, Lleras Restrepo, Carlos. De la repu-

and a Conservative political leader. blica a la dictadura, testimonio sobre la

5239. Estrada Monsalve, Joaquin. El 9 de politica colombiana. Bogota, 1955. 511 p. abril en palacio: horario de un golpe de A collection of speeches, papers, and party docuestado. 3. ed. Bogota, 1948.94 p. illus.‘ Ments, delivered, written, or contributed to by Carlos A. short dramatic account by the Minister of Educaors Neon STTEPO ATOM ere arethe two . . published interviews with Lleras a plan to °save

tion,. dated 18, 1948, which fromofnoon Seana 4:governar , ,.April fNation (1952) and covers his views the .military

of April 9 to midnight of April 12. Included is Estrada’s ment (1953). Long a prominent figure in Liberal

account of the interview of the Liberal party leaders ‘reles. Ll " lat 8 b P ‘d - £ Colombj

with President Ospina Pérez to persuade him to re- The “s, il “tion has heen c einu i f ° he om od

sign and let Liberal chieftain Echandia calm the peo- 19 55-1963 7 HT as le ve continue d or the perio i ple. A very personal document. , -incambio faciasocial ta restauracion democratica y e (nuevo testimonio sobre la politica

5240. Fernandez de Soto, Abraham. {Quién = colombiana) (Bogota, 1964, 2 v.). The three volumes

llam6 la policia? Causas, antecedentes y re arr for a study of the role of the Liberal party

desarrollos del ocho de junio de 1954en “°° Se

la ciudad universitaria. Defensa de una 5246. Londono Marin, Abelardo, and Flavio obra desconocida y calumniada. Bogota, Correa Restrepo. “Soldados sin coraza.

1954. (Historia de una revolucion). Medellin,

Fernandez de Soto presents the developments that 1957.

led to the student march of June 8, 1954, and the con- An account in two parts of situation and events leading

flict with the police that occurred that afternoon at to fall of the Rojas Pinilla government. The center of the campus. The author was secretary of the National resistance to Rojas was the department of Antioquia, University. He does not deal with the events of June and Medellin the capital of the Resistance.

9 when a further clash occurred in downtown Bogota, ;

but goes on to a discussion of university autonomy 5247. Lopez Michelsen, Alfonso. Cuestiones and what was needed to provide a university with colombianas (ensayos). México, 1955.

4 . “2 Soci olombia. The

first-class resources. All but one of the essays were published separately in

5241. Fernandez de Soto, Mario. Una revo- the years political end coc most of them are concerned ) Mariano Ocpine Pere. Eiecer Gartan author, of President Alfonsothe Lépez Pumarejo of ; Colombia, hasson desired to become leader of the

Ibero-américa. Madrid, 1951. 178 p. Colombian Liberal party to make it the instrument of

An essay on the political situation of Colombia linked rapid reordering of Colombian society. Perhaps the to the personalities and events of the “‘Bogotazo” of most original, as well as the most debatable, essay is April, 1948. The author is clearly Conservative in his his “‘La estirpe calvinista de nuestras instituciones

commentary and judgments. politicas.”” His ‘“‘Introduccién al estudio de la con-

A86 SINCE INDEPENDENCE stitucion de Colombia,” is basically a denial of the 5253, Restrepo Jaramillo, Gonzalo. El pennineteenth century. samiento conservador. Medellin, 1936.

~ 74% _ _ I

5248. Lépez Michelsen, Alfonso. Los ultimos 291 p. dias de Lopez, y cartas intimas de tres tye “York attacks the practice, in contrast to the Camp anas politicas, 1929-1940-1958. theory, of the Liberal republic of Olaya Herrera and

Bogota, 1961. 137 p. illus. Alfonso Lépez and presents the Conservative ide-

The author provides a 91-page biography of his father, ology.

followed by eight letters addressed either to his wife , . , , or to the author on the designated campaigns. The 5254. Rodriguez Garavito, Agustin. Jose letters provide a good deal of detail, since they run to Camacho Carreno, hyo de Prometeo:

46 printed pages. boceto en negro para una _ biografia.

5249. Navarro, Pedro J. El parlamento en Bucaramanga, 1964. 185 p. (Biblioteca pijama: este libro también podria llamarse Santander 30).

aguafuerte del partido conservador. Camacho Carreno (1903-1940) was one of the Leop-

Bogota, 1935. 270 p aresaspirants a group of of young writers and , . . political the Soenvatve *s at the university,

ee NS ae 58d. He ate or aeeeetd ea ner" appearance cracked the shell of tradition, ae

attacks both Liberals and Conservatives. He claims soreit to seine teciel hadership forthe woll-beine af that Ospina’s election in 1922 was brought about by every citizen, especially the rural citizen. They were arming conservative caciques and fraudulent counting very nationalistic strongly influenced by Barrés. oe. alfots. cpossess these bandolerismo dates fromthe — The text is written in a baroque sentimental style.

5250). Nieto Caballero. Luis E. Cartas clan- 5255. Rojas Pinilla, Gustavo. Rojas Pinilla

destinas." Medellin 19 57. 1310 illus senado.on Bogota, 1959. 905and p. illus. , ' P. " The title page ofante thiselattack the old order the

From August, 1955, to March, 1957, Nieto Caballero, — \Jational Front also contains a list of major themes a very short, very slender, very resolute journalist pro- geal with in the text. The cover proclaims the content

duced thirteen letters directed to the chief of state, 1, be that which the Senate would not let him say General Gustavo Rojas Pinilla. Under censorship it during the trial, and characterizes it as “The military was necessary to have recourse to means other than government before history.” There is a considerable the press. Each of the letters was mimeographed, element of passion in the account

copies were mailed to leading government officials,

and the copy for the chief of state was hand carriedby 5256. Romero Aguirre, Alfonso. Ayer, hoy y Nieto Caballero to the presidential office. Other copies manana del liberalismo colombiano. 3.

were distributed to a wide range of people. The occa- d.B t4. 1949. 4v

sion for the first letter was the closing of E/ Tiempo, ed. bogota, . " ,

that of the second the merienda offered by the police Between 1925 and 1938 Romero Aguirre published to a demonstration of the ladies of high society—in- the four volumes that he later converted into a set stead of tea and ladyfingers, there was dyed water under a common title, with the original titles retained

from the lanzaguas and nightsticks. as subtitles. The author considers the third edition a manual for the young Liberal of mid-twentieth cen-

5251. Partido Comunista de Colombia. Do- tury. As such it is an interesting and valuable Liberal

cumentos del décimo congreso del par- ‘SOUS

tido comunista de Colombia. Bogota, 5257. Ruiz Novoa, Alberto. El gran desafio.

1966. Bogota, 1965. 146 p. (Coleccion docu-

Contains Gilberto Vieira White’s analysis of the mentos politicos).

Colombian situation at the opening of 1966. Vieira) Ruiz Novoa was a Colombian general who became has been active in Colombian politics for about forty interested in Civic Action. As his interest grew so did years. His comments are interesting and sometimes his impatience with the obstacles that people insisted

useful when detached from their Marxist baggage. on putting in the way of rational change for the im-

. : . . provement of society. He became minister of war and

325 2. Partido Liberal (Colombia). National began to make indiscreet speeches about obstructionLiberal Directorate. _Programas y e€S- ists; consequently, he was removed and retired. The tatutos del Partido Liberal Colombiano. author went on to offer himself as the leader of the

Bogota, 1944. masses in the winning of a better life, only to find that

An introductory statement by Dario Samper is fol- Rojas Pinilla still had more appeal than he. His book 1s lowed by the program of 1912-1913, 1922: declara- on development, the instruments of change, the quest tion of principles of 1935, 1942; ideological plat- [07 Cemocracy, ane the organization of victory in the

form of Liberal Youth Movement; explanation of atte for Colombia.

party policy of 1944; message of national leadership . vy: to 1944 convention; existing [1944] statutes of Lib- 5258. Salamanca, Guillermo. La republica eral party; a party census order; and resolutions of the liberal. Bogota, 1937.2 v.

convention on labor, conservative opposition, and A history of the 1930-1936 period by a Conservative.

support of the government. V. 1 is on the Olaya Herrera administration and its

COLOMBIA: TWENTIETH CENTURY 487 submission to Yankee domination. V. 2 directs itself 5264. Gomez, Laureano. Desde el exilio.

to the Lopez administration. Bogota, 1955. 261 p.

5259. Sanchez Camacho, Jorge. El general [étters, proclamas, and messages to various in-

oa P dividuals and groups written by Laureano Gomez in

Osp ina. biografia. Bogota, 1960. 230 P. 1953-1954, and replies and statements, many defenillus. (Academia Colombiana de His- sive, by those who received letters or were accused of

toria. Biblioteca Eduardo Sabtos 25). treason to the republican cause.

Pedro Nel Ospina was born in the presidential palace, , ,

grew up in exile, and knew his first campaign as sec- 5265. Gomez Martinez, F ernando. Mordaza,

retary of General Vélez in 1876. Thereafter he stud- diario secreto de un escritor publico, ied chemistry and took up farming and mining. He 1955, 1956, 1957. 2. ed. Medellin, 1957. served as chief of staff arms buyer the 229 p the ““Regenera- . ae , . . United States inand theas civil warinthat put

tion” in power. Thereafter he accumulated skills as The occasion for maintaining the diary was the imposibusinessman and statesman. He achieved the presi- 10 of censorship on Gomez's newspaper, El Colomdency in 1922. His administration was notable for biano of Medellin. Censorship and its operation conhighway and railway construction. The biographer tues to be a major theme of the diary. Developments emphasizes episodes rather than the continuity of the ™ the Conservative party are discussed, especially

subject’s career. that section of the party (and its factions) in Antioquia. The activities of the Rojas Pinilla administration 5260. Silva, Ricardo. Los trabajadores ante form the theme to which all else is related.

los partidos. Bogota, 1955. 258 p. 5266. Gutiérrez Navarro, Isaac. La luz de

The author finds little difference in the attitude of the una vida [ autobiografia] . Bogota, 1949. two toward organized laborMuch as he analyzes 636 p. ill partyparties programs and legislation. of the volume Pp. 1Uus. ,

turns around the relationship of employer and orga- ‘2 Oddly flavored autobiography that reveals a good

nized worker, and of government and organized deal of eccentricity, especially in middle and later worker ‘ years. The author was working in the oil fields when unionization began, and he was deeply involved in

5261. Torres Restrepo, Camilo. Camilo union organization and early strikes.

Torres: por el padre Camilo Torres 5267. Hilarién Sanchez, Alfonso. Balas de Restrepo (1956-1966). Cuernavaca, la ley. Bogota, 1953. 510 p.

México, 1967. (Centro Intercultural de A lively, sometimes crude, account of Police Lieuten-

Documentacioén. Sondeos 5). ant HilariOn’s experiences from 1934 to 1950, from

The Center for Intercultural Formation’s division of Stuffing ballot boxes to fighting off guerrilla attacks.

documentation assembled this collection of pieces by 5268. Lleras Camargo, Alberto. El primer of a guerrilla group in Colombia in 1966. Fr. Torres, gobierno del Frente Nacional. B ogota,

Fr. Torres a few months after he was shot as a member : : Z

student chaplain at the National University of Co- 1960-1961. 4 v.

lombia, had a degree in sociology obtained in Bel- The papers and speeches of the first president of the gium. He became impatient with the glacial pace of National Front for the first two years of his adminischange in Colombia and gradually moved toward par- _ tration. They reveal the wide range of interest and ticipation in direct action against the existing order. problems in the national scene, each with its thread of These pieces mirror that change and constitute his contact and demand on the president.

criticism of Colombian society. 5269. Molina, Felipe A. Laureano Gomez: 5262. Villegas, Aquilino. Escritos politicos: historia de una rebeldia. Bogota, 1940. xl aniversario de ‘‘La Patria.”” Manizales, 315 p.

1961. 254 p. illus. Molina in his preface declares that the book is his

A collection of articles written over the years from ffort to understand Laureano Gomez, a man deter1927 to 1936 for “La Patria.” Villegas was journalist ined to do good for his country no matter what it and politician whose writings touch on regional and St. Thus Gomez appears as the conscience and the

national problems. Cassandra of hisnationalist party in the 1920's, as the intense against the voracious Yankee in the 1920’s and 1930’s, and as the migraine headache of the Lib-

. . eral party in the 1930’s. There is a good deal of useful c. Biography and A utobiography material in the volume, but its major contribution to

° _ the foreign reader is an awareness of the style, sub-

5263. Figueredo Salcedo, Alberto, ed. Docu stance, and flavor of Colombian politics as seen by a

o1eccion Jorge 1ecer Gaitan I). , , ,

(Colec on | una biografia. vite hy 1949. passionate Conservative.

Correspondence and writings of Gaitan in the 1920’s, 5270. Socarr as, José F. Laureano Gomez,

including the thesis for his law degree. The thesis is psicoanalisis de un resentido. Bogota, entitled ‘‘Las ideas socialistas en Colombia.” There is 1942. 390 p. also a section of political materials not written by Gémez has been called everything from savior of the Gaitan but linked to his political activities. country to devil incarnate. This interesting exercise of

488 SINCE INDEPENDENCE analysis done during the heat of the campaigns for cuatro anos por la libertad. 2. ed. Bogota, the 1942 elections concludes that Gomez “es loco 1959. 349 p.

vacilante en el momento decisivo de comprometer la 4 detailed account of guerrilla experiences and camaccion, y nuestro pueblo inteligente algo sospecha de paigns in the Ilanos of Colombia by one of major fig-

su locura. ures among the guerrillas. Much of the work is an imd. La Violencia personal memoir, since Franco does not emphasize

himself, and a good deal of the content is in the form

5271. Andrade de Pombo, Helena. Tres °f conversations among the guerrillas.

godos en aprietos: odisea del 9 de Abril. 5276, Gutiérrez Anzola, Jorge E. Violencia

Bogota, 1956. 181 p. . y justicia. Bogota, 1962. 278 p. (Colec-

A very personal account of the experiences and fears cién “La Tierra’’). of a daughter and her paren's tranquilly living at the A study of the problem in general analytical terms he. y tinca © tion of Gaité ogota d en q ‘he lo al since 1930. Gutiérrez is a leading specialist in criminal the assassination of Gaitan arrived and the local jay and has taken a prominent part in the investiga-

population reacted. tion of violence and the impunity of crime in Co-

5272. Blandén Berrio, Fidel [pseud.]. Lo !ombia. que el cielo no perdona. 5. ed. Bogota, 5277. Guzman Campos, German, Orlando

Gruesome 1955. details of tlaof andguerrilla , 1 Fals-Borda, and Eduardo Umana details and counterguerrilla . . Luna. -.

activity in western Antioquia. The main emphasis La violencia va v Oromia: es oes oe falls on official violence. There are photographs and a proceso social. 2. ed. Bogota, - iv. map of the area of the guerrilla of Camparrusia be- illus., maps, bibl. (Bogota. Facultad tween the headwaters of the Sind and Canasgordas de Sociologia. Universidad Nacional.

rivers. The book also praises the work of the Rojas . .

Pinilla administration ine its first year to end the In Me mosrarias soctologicas eeraphy of vio-

violence through negotiation and amnesty. The book lence, the structural elements of conflict, and the sois regarded as an anti-Ospina and Gomez piece, with ciology of violence are presented Mons. Guzman is

good reason. It would be answered by other publica- designated the principal author. This volume ran tions of vigorous anti-Liberal content. Bland6on Berrio th 8 ht di hf Ip 1962 d d (pseud. for Ernesto Leén Herrera) has done a more [OUsN two editions In 1702 and made an enormous

skillful: ;job impact on thetwo reading public. In 1964 awere second volume came out, of whose three parts done by 5273. Canal Ramirez, Gonzalo. Estampas y Umajfia and one by Mons. Guzman. An introductory testimonios de violencia. Bogota, 1966. &SSay examines the wide range of reaction to volume

119Pp.one according sources or category institutions a and personsto and then proceeds to doofa sociological

The author explains in a prologue that he gathered the — analysis of the reaction. The work is fundamental for

testimony of the nine categories of witnesses to the entry into the theme of violence. The authors do not nature of the violence in 1957. The identity of the ,retend to have written a definitive work nor could it speakers has been withheld. The author then evaluates be, so current was the problem, but they have made a

the consequences of violence in Colombia. The en- major contribution. demic long-standing nature of the problem is high-

lighted by the author’s statement that he escaped un- 5278, Pineda Giraldo, Roberto. El impacto injured as an infant in 1918 although his cradle was . . «ane struck by political bullets. His father was a valencista de la violencia en el Tolima: el caso de

in a suarecista locale. Oh eens) 960. 46 ° os . ZratiaS SOCIOIOZICAaS 0). p. (Monoviolencia a la paz: experiencias de la __petence of the author. Octava Brigada en la lucha contra gue- oa a ; rrillas. Manizales, 1965. 291 p. illus., 5279. Testis Fidelis. De Cain a Pilatos, o

5274. Colombia. Ejercito. 8. Brigada. De la A short piece, done with the usual high level of com-

> ° ‘ ° 99 66 °

maps, bibl lo que el cielo no perdono. (Refutacié6n a

Clear, direct, unemotional statement of a problem and ‘Viento Seco y Lo que el cielo no means to meet it. The study begins with an analysis of perdona’’). Medellin, 1955.

the area assigned to the brigade, describes the disposi- The 32 photographs of dead Conservatives—campetion and organization of forces, and emphasizes mili- _sinos, hacendados, officials, and clergy—single and tary civic action as the necessary price for securing headless, crucified, and lying in groups are shocking.

pacification. Twenty cases of Operations against The book attacks Liberals as the cause of it all and guerrillas are then given and a review of the economic denounces deliberate falsification of events by Lib-

recovery of the Quindio since 1961. erals and Protestants. Guerrilla warfare is linked to . Communism and Protestantism, its development in 5275. Franco Isaza, Eduardo. Las guerrillas seven departments is described. The book concludes del Ilano: testimonio de una lucha de _ with four appendixes with horror tales.

ECUADOR 489 G. Ecuador MARK J. VAN AKEN

Ecuadoran historical writing lags far behind that of such countries as Argentina, Chile, and Mexico. A few major historians of the national period have emerged, but most of their works suffer from strong political bias and from a lack of sufficient basic research. The appearance of high-quality general histories of Ecuador will have to await the completion of careful and thorough monographic work,

which has not yet been undertaken. ,

Archival resources are generally not well organized and not readily accessible to the scholar. The great bulk of historical source materials still lies in family archives that are not open to the public. One of the most glaring examples of the hoarding of sources is the private archive of the Jijon y Caamafio family (descendants of Juan José Flores), which is rarely opened to scholars. Of course, there are some corporately owned collections that are available to historians, such as the Jesuit library and archive in Cotocollao, just outside Quito, which houses one of the best collections of Ecuatoriana. The inaccessibility of most archival materials is made worse by the fact that Ecuadorans have published so few of the

basic primary materials of their nation’s past. The Academia’s single volume of Documentos para la historia (5312), the sixteen—volume Coleccion Rocafuerte (5324), the writings of Garcia Moreno (5318), and scattered publications related to the work of the national congress comprise the greater part of the historical documents in print. Most Ecuadoran historians are either staunch liberals or strong conservatives. Scholars who have maintained a relatively open, tolerant, and balanced approach to the problems of Ecuadoran history are few. Among the most impartial are

Pedro Fermin Cevallos, Oscar Efrén Reyes, and Luis Robalino Davila. The example of the dedicated liberals was set by Roberto Andrade in his Historia del Ecuador (946), Vida y muerte de Eloy Alfaro (5345), and other works. More recently Alfredo Pareja y Diez Canseco has carried the liberal tradition further leftward with his Historia del Ecuador (952). The standard-bearer of the conservative-clerical camp has been Father Le Gouhir y Rodas, whose Historia de la reptblica del Ecuador (5283) is one of the better works on the national period. In recent years the prolific and polemical Wilfrido Loor Moreira has championed the conservative cause with great diligence in his studies of Garcia Moreno and his three-volume biographical work, Eloy Alfaro (5339). Like most Latin American nations, Ecuador suffers from a surplus of biographical studies, most of which are little more than hero worship or vituperative denunciation of political leaders. The vast majority of the biographies concentrate on Garcia Moreno and Alfaro, the two most controversial figures in Ecuadoran history. The best in the biographical tradition is represented by the scholarly Luis

490 SINCE INDEPENDENCE Robalino Davila whose multivolume Origenes del Ecuador de hoy (5286) examines the nation’s past in a series of biographical studies. This approach to history, however, tends to exaggerate the role of individual and to neglect those fundamental aspects of historical development not comprehended in personal and political narratives. Among the generally neglected aspects are the Indian

and social problems, the armed forces, transportation and communications, economic development, foreign relations (except for boundary disputes), regional

history, and the evolution of governmental institutions and political parties. Ecuadoran history in the twentieth century is an almost untouched subject, save for the polemical biographies of Eloy Alfaro.

1. Bibliographies and Guides cultural, and economic affairs. The author’s viewpoint oo ; . is consistently Conservative and ultramontane, lead5280. Ecuador. Biblioteca Nacional, Quito. ing him to denounce all Liberals as enemies of the Exposicién del periodismo ecuatoriano church and religion. V. 3 offers the most significant _.. Quito, 1941. 1 19 p. (Publicaciones contribution to Ecuadoran historiography, for it

ae . | covers a complicated period in atosystematic way. A de la Biblioteca Naciona ). projected fourth volume, cover the period 1900-

Lists holdings of magazines and newspapers in the 1925, never appeared. Biblioteca Nacional in geographical order, 1.e., by

province and cantén. Complete to 1941. 5284. Orellana, J. Gonzalo, ed. Resumen

5281. Jaramillo, Miguel A., comp. Indice Otto AR a Quito 1 9 AR > lla. bibliografico de las revistas de la biblio- » . CG. ALUILO, - = V. INUS. ‘lodedescritos . . | A nacionales. revised and enlarged edition editor’s earlier teca Jaramillo El Ecuador en cien afiosof de the independencia (Quito, Cuenca, Ecuador, 1953. 180 p. 1930, 2 v.). A cooperative work providing a very gen-

An annotated list of magazines in the Biblioteca eral introduction to Ecuador in the national period. “Jaramillo,” organized alphabetically. Description of Among the many distinguished contributors to this

contents is detailed. study are Max Uhle (prehistory), Jacinto Jijon y

, 4s Caamafio (prehistory), Isaac J. Barrera (novel),

5282. Szaszdi, Adam. The histor lography of José Antonio Baquero Lépez (legislation), Augusto N.

the republic of Ecuador. HAHR. v. 44, Martinez (geology), Nicolas F. Lépez (diplomacy),

Nov., 1964: 503-550. Gen. Angel Isaac Chiriboga (army), Honorato Vaz-

The best critical bibliography of Ecuadoran historiog- quez (Ecuadoran Spanish), Remigio Crespo Toral raphy published in recent years. Major works are (letters), Juan de Dios Navas (the church), Julio Tobar

discussed in the main text, while footnotes list large Donoso (public instruction), and Segundo Luis

numbers of minor works, some of which are of rather Moreno (history of music). None of the contributions poor quality but may interest the specialist. Leading 15S remarkably profound or scholarly, but the entire

articles in scholarly journals are also included. collection of essays offers a good survey of Ecuadoran life in the republican period.

2. General 5285. Reyes, Oscar E. Historia de la repub-

. , ; ; lica: esquema de ideas y hechos del

5283. Le Gouhir y Rodas, Jose M. oO Ecuador, a partir de la emancipaci6n. de la republica del Ecuador. Quito, 192 Quito, 1931. 331 p. illus., maps, bibl. 1938. 3 v. bibl. . A short, thoughtful history of Ecuador since 1822 that

A major work on Ecuador in the nineteenth century emphasizes politics. Traces the rivalry of Liberals and by a French Jesuit who spent most of his life in Ecua- Conservatives in the nineteenth century and shows

dor. (The French form of his surname: Le Gouhir how both major political groups moved somewhat Raud.) The chronological organization of the work is leftward. Concludes that Ecuadoran governments as follows: v. 1, 1809-1861; v. 2, 1860-1877; and v. have done little to solve the great economic and social 3, 1876-1900. A revised edition of v. 1 (Quito, 1935) problems of the nation. Based largely on secondary covers 1822-1861. Based largely on secondary works. —_ works.

Very heavy emphasis on political and ecclesiastical ; a . . developments, but some coverage of educational, 5286. Robalino Davila, Luis. Origenes del

ECUADOR 49] Ecuador de hoy. Quito, 1948-. cambiaria del Ecuador desde la época

The most scholarly and dispassionate multivolume colonial. Quito, 1953. 675 p.

study of Ecuador in the national period. Based on 4 very specialized work on economic history of Ecua-

extensive research in government documents, private —_ gor in the national period, concentrating on the evolu-

collections, newspapers, and secondary works. Ecua- tion of money, credit, and banking policies. Preinde-

doran history is revealed through the study of the nendence developments are very briefly outlined, and public lives of the chief political figures. The author garjy national policies are presented with little detail. achieves greater objectivity than any other Ecuadoran Greatest emphasis is placed on developments since historian, but his work concentrates almost exclu- 1g95. Unfortunately the author, a banker and former sively on political, diplomatic, and military events, jinister of the treasury, makes little effort to relate thus slighting cultural and institutional developments. monetary questions to the general economic picture By the close of 1966 three volumes had appeared: 1, of Ecuador

Garcia Moreno; 2, Rocafuerte; 5 (sic), Borrero y ;

Vientemilla, in two volumes. Scheduled for publica- 5291. Carrion, Benjamin. El nuevo relato tion in 1967 are three more volumes covering the fol- ecuatoriano: critica y antologia. 2. ed. ore periods: 1830-1845, 1845-1859, and 1884 rev. Quito, 1958. 1124 p. illus., bibl. A history and anthology of Ecuadoran fiction writers

5287. Tobar Donoso, Julio. Monografias in the twentieth century, written and compiled by a

historicas. Quito, 1937. 539 p. leftist literary critic with a penchant for “social con-

A collection of many of the most important articles tent.” About 300 lively pages are devoted to an published by one of Ecuador’s leading conservative ¢Valuation of Ecuador's leading writers. The work is historians. Among the subjects treated are the causes | Marred by the author’s tendency to exaggerate the of Ecuador’s separation from Colombia; the adminis- ™erits of Ecuadoran novelists by comparing them with

trations of Ascdsubi, Noboa, and Urvina; the second Cervantes, Dante, Shakespeare, Balzac, Proust, and

election of 1875; relations of church and state; and Joyce. Literary selections are generally good. The

public education, 1830-1930. The viewpoint is Cath- bibliography of selected fiction writers is useful.

olic but not polemical. Interpretations are cautious and 5292. Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana. Trece

prudent. afios de cultura nacional: ensayos, agosto 3. Special Topics 1944-1Studies 957.ofQuito, 1957. 258 p. Ecuadoran literature, painting, music,

5288. Blanksten, George I. Ecuador: con- education, religious-cultural activities, and the work stitutions and caudillos. N.Y., 1964. 196 of the Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana. Essays con. . . . . tributed by a group of Ecuadoran writers, including Pp. map, bibl. (University of California Alfredo Pareja Diez Canseco, César Davila Andrade,

publications in political science). Edmundo Ribadeneira, Francisco Alexander, and

A short, scholarly study of the Ecuadoran political Alfredo Chaves. The essays, of uneven quality, cover system, first published in 1951. Includes abrief survey more than the period indicated in the title, some of of national history and geography. More extensive them embracing the artistic production of Ecuadorans examination of political Parties, the three branches of inthe entire twentieth century.

national government, and provincial and local govern- . . .

ment. Emphasis is given to the political realities that 5293. Destruge, Camilo. Historia de la have led to authoritarianism, violence, and instability. prensa de Guayaquil. Quito, 1924-1925.

5289. Borja y Borja, Ramiro. Derecho con- 4 ve cMomoras de x pcademia Nacional

stitucional ecuatoriano. Madrid, 1950. e istoria, Quito 2-3).

3 vv.°bibl excellent work the history of the press oo, An in Guayaquil fromthat the traces late eighteenth century to the

A major scholarly work on constitutional law in Ecua- year 1920. All but the first twenty pages are devoted

dor by a professor of jurisprudence. The first two to the press since 1830. Emphasizes the theme of volumes treat the philosophical background of Ecua- journalism and politics. The author quotes extensively dor’s fifteen constitutions (to 1946) and deal with the from editorials to illustrate political viewpoints of the specific provisions of these fundamental legal charters. various newspapers. Although general interpretations Major constitutional subjects treated are sovereignty, and conclusions are scanty, this work shows the prerelationship of people to the state, constitutional guar- ponderant influence of the national government over antees, activity of the state, the state and international journalism in Guayaquil. Treatment of the press in the law, and the church and the civil state. Each of these ‘nineteenth century is more thorough than that of the

subjects (and others) is discussed by citing specific twentieth century.

and relevant articles in the various constitutions. No

attempt is made by the author to go beyond the literal 5294. Espinosa Pélit, Aurelio. Olmedo en la

texts to indicate the meaning of constitutional provi- historia y en las letras. Quito 1955.

sions in practice. The author does,law however, 158 , to relate Ecuadoran constitutional both toattempt pre- : Pp.

conquest law and to Spanish constitutional concepts. This work is not, properly speaking, a biography, but The third volume reproduces the texts of Ecuador’s Tather a series of seven studies written by a very com-

constitutions since 1812. petent Jesuit historian. Chapters deal with Olmedo’s

; public life, his role in the independence period, his 5290. Carbo, Luis A. Historia monetaria y literary works, and his “Christian death.” Although

492 SINCE INDEPENDENCE partial to Olmedo, this work is well researched and that the laws of Ecuador relating to the Indian have offers a careful and judicious interpretation of the improved without significantly ameliorating the In-

historical evidence. dian’s condition. Calls for land reform.

5295. Pérez Concha, Jorge. Ensayo hist6- 5300. Tobar Donoso, Julio. La iglesia ecua-

rico-critico de las relaciones diplomaticas toriana en el siglo xix: t. 1 de 1809 a del Ecuador con los estados limitrofes. 1845 . . . Quito, 1934-. 633 p. bibl. Quito, 1958-1964. 2 v. maps, bibl. A major work on church history in Ecuador by one

An important work on Ecuador’s relations with Peru Of the nation’s leading scholars. Gives a brief résumé and Colombia that emphasizes border disputes. Based Of church history in the eighteenth and nineteenth cenon extensive archival research and secondary works. tures. Examines the influence of Colombia, 1821— Despite the lack of citations of source materials, this 1829, upon the Ecuadoran church. Most of the study erudite study is one of the best on the subject. Covers focuses on the church under Flores and Rocafuerte, the years since 1810 with a pronounced bias in favor @™phasizing church-state relations. Denounces liber-

of Ecuador’s territorial claims. als of Ecuador for enslaving the church. Viewpoint is

, , oo. devout, conservative, and proclerical. Based on very

5296. Rodriguez, Maximo A. El periodismu _ extensive research in the archives of the national gov-

lojano. Quito, 1948. 117 p. illus. ernment and of the church. The bibliography is ex-

Written by a journalist and minor poet of Ecuador, this cellent.

work offers a descriptive survey of newspapers pub- . *

lished in Loja sincé the first one in 1859. Publication >201. Whitten, Norman E., Jr. Class, kin

data are generally complete. ship, and power in an Ecuadorian town.

. ; The Negroes an Lorenzo. Stanford

5297. Rojas, Angel F. La novela ecuatoriana. e Negroes of San Lorenzo. St México, 1948. 234 p. (Coleccién Tierra Calif., 1965. 238 p. illus., maps, bibl.

: " A scholarly study of social change in the Negro comfirme°34). munity of San Lorenzo on the northwest coast of

A critical study of the Ecuadoran novel withemphasis Ecuador. Explores the “function of kindreds in socioon the historical and political contexts of Ecuadoran —_ economic mobility and in political dynamics.” writing. The author declares that literature is ‘‘a translation of a political and social condition.”” The book is

divided into periods of political development: 1830- 4. 1830-1895

1895, 1895-1925, and 1925-1945, corresponding to a. General

the periods of romanticism, modernism-liberalism, and

is leftist, but he maintains a critical attitude ar . 2 .

revomtionary socialist realism. The author s wiewpon 5302. Andrade, Roberto. Estudios hist6riliterary schools and does not shrink from the task of COs. Montalvo y Garcia Moreno. Lima,

exposing the defects in the Indianist and proletarian 1890. 304 p. illus. a

works of the most recent period. An interesting work Half history and half memoir, this work examines the for historians because of the author’s emphasis on the __ political lives of Montalvo and Garcia Moreno. Writ-

relationship between literary production and political ten by a prominent Ecuadoran liberal who partici-

history.. .pated the long struggleGarcia against the great ov theinbook condemns Moreno anddictator, praises

5298. Rubio Orbe, Gonzalo. Aspectos indi- Montalvo. Although lacking in objectivity, this study genas. Quito, 1965. 372 p. illus., bibl. is graced with a forceful style. Unfortunately the auThe best study to date of the culture and the social thor did not bother to document his work. The intro-

conditions of the Indians of Ecuador, by a writer duction includes an interesting essay on Ecuadoran deeply committed to the improvement of the Indian’s _ historiography in the nineteenth century.

lot. Covers such topics as geography, census analysis, : ,

geographic distribution of various culture groups, 5303. Ber the, Augustine. Garcia Moreno, governmental policies, education, and integration of president de L’Equateur, vengeur et

Indians m national life. hs authors political view: martyr du droit chrétien (1821-1875).

point is Radical-Liberal. He deplores political re- Paris, 1887. 813 p. maps.

prumment or Indians DY rigntist and rettst readers and A very laudatory account of Garcia Moreno’s rule, by

opes that f vin The bibl © 0 Ea ae ae a French conservative cleric. Based on much research a arian he best, ne bk lography on Ecuadoran in- and many interviews with Ecuadoran politicians.

lans Is the best available. Contains many errors and misinterpretations of Ecua-

5299. Saenz, Moisés. Sobre el indio ecuatori- doran history. Poorly documented. Concludes that . 4 . . France needs a Garcia Moreno. This work became a ano y su incorporacion al medio nacional. model for later works praising the Catholic caudillo. Mexico, 1933. I 95 p. illus., maps, bibl. A Spanish translation was published in Paris in 1892.

A semischolarly, semijournalistic report on the Ecua- ;

doran Indian, based on information gathered duringa 5304. Borrero y Cortazar, Antonio. Refutaco's leading students of anthropology and social prob. «C10? Por A. B. C. del libro titulado: Gar-

lems. Describes the general cultural characteristics cia Moreno, Presidente del Ecuador, of the Indians and discusses problems of land distribu- vengador y martir _del derecho cristion, legislation, schools, and the church. Concludes tiano .. . Guayaquil, 1889. 762 p.

ECUADOR 493

An interesting and significant critique of Berthe’s _ is one of the more important works on Ecuador’s leadvery biased biography of Garcia Moreno, written bya __ ing historical figure. political moderate who opposed the Catholic dictator

and who later served briefly as President of Ecuador. 5209. Moncayo, Pedro. El Ecuador de 1825 Borrero y Cortazar not only points out Berthe’s many a 1875, sus hombres, sus instituciones y errors of fact and careless statements, but also gives sus leyes. Santiago de Chile, 1885. 366 p. documentation of the corrections suggested. Fifty years of Ecuadoran political history are related in this work written by a fervent liberal politician who

5305. aes Salvador, ature J. ee sector participated in much of the history that he recounts. A Pedro Moncayo y su folleto titulado “El — yajuable and influential work despite its strong politiEcuador de 1825 a 1875, sus hombres, | cal bias, its distortions, and its numerous errors. Desus instituciones y sus leyes, ante la his- _ Picts J. J. Flores as a despicable, Machiavellian tyrant

toria ”“ce Quito, 219out p an’ Warcia Moreno Opportunistic who 4 . ‘1887. ss soid nis country firstastoanPeru and thendespot to Rome. flucntial aud very pattisen wore The author points No attention is given to social, economic, and cultural out Moncayo’s numerous exaggerations, errors, and developments of the period.

contradictions. Well documented, largely on a basis 5310. Murillo Mir6, Juan. Historia del of newspapers of the times and official papers. Covers . the period 1845-1859. A second projected volume on Ecuador de 1876 a 1888 . . . Santiago

the years 1860-1875 never appeared. de Chile, 1890. 396 p.

Intended by the author as a continuation of Pedro

5306. Flores, Antonio. Para la historia del Moncayo's El Ecuador de 1 oat a 87 Covers the Ecuador. Quito, 1891. 2 v. administrations of Borrero and Veintemilla, ending in A heavily documented reply to Marietta de Veinte- 1884. A second projected yea ae with he milla’s polemical and libelous Paginas del Ecuador. PEvi0’ 188% 1888 never appeared. Miurtlo was a Ub.

Attacks her interpretation of Ignacio de Veintemilla’s | T@! who participate reid In politics an . as a

dictatorship and defends many of the victims of “La | ™ember of the Alfaro administration. His work conGeneralita’s” impassioned accusations. Not the least ‘aims a strong liberal bias.

of the author’s purposes is of the Justification his own Pattee, Richard. acts as president Ecuadorofand the5311. defense of hisGabriel . Garcia father, Juan José Flores. The extensive appended Moreno y el Ecuador de su tiempo. 3. ed. documents relate chiefly to Ecuadoran politics in the Mexico, 1962. 397 p.

1870's and 1880’s. An interpretive study of the public life of Ecuador’s

; great conservative autocrat. Based chiefly on sec5307. Galvez, Manuel. Vida de don Gabriel ondary works, but also upon a few private documenGarcia Moreno. 2. ed. B.A., 1942. 398 p. __ tary collections. A long introduction deals with EcuaA popular biography by an Argentine publicist who 40ran history from 1830 to 1860. The author is deportrays the controversial president as the savior of ©!dedly antiliberal and proclerical, but he is not blindly his country. Gives fulsome praise to most of Garcia Prejudiced like so many of the biographers of Garcia Moreno’s actions and seldom criticizes his harsh ex- Moreno. Generous quantities of footnotes provide a

cesses and his cruel policies. Compares Garcia 800d bibliography of nineteenth-century Ecuador. Moreno favorably with Rocafuerte, Portales, Sar-

miento, Rosas, Jiménez de Cisneros, and Philip II of b. Sources

Spain. Galvez’s information is drawn chiefly from . . . . earlier biographies, especially those of Berthe and 5312. Academia Nacional de la Historia. Pattee, and from unspecified materials provided by Quito. Documentos para la historia. Quito, Ecuadoran friends. Very readable. Not documented. 1922-. liii, 513 p. illus.

, : _ The first volume of a projected documentary series

5308. Gomez Jurado, Severo. Vida de Gar that was never completed. Prepared by Jacinto Jij6n y cia Moreno. v. 1, Juventud; v. 2, Al Caamajfio, this work contains source materials cover-

mando supremo. Cuenca, Ecuador, ing the years 1829-1835. Documents deal with the

1954- illus. establishment of Ecuadoran independence from Co-

When completed this work will be the most lengthy lombia. About half of the materials are published for biography of Garcia Moreno. The author aims at a _ the first time. Not annotated. Well indexed. Published comprehensive study of the life and times of Ecuador’s by the institution later named Academia Nacional de Catholic caudillo. The first volume covers the years _ Historia. to 1850, while the second volume carries the story to

1859. Unfortunately the value of this work is sharply 5313. Ecuador. Congreso. Actas del C onlimited by the author’s impassioned approach to the greso Constitucional del Ecuador, ano de subject. References to Garcia Moreno as “‘our hero” 1837 . . . Quito, 1892. 2 v.

and assertions that the Catholic dictator was guided by The official minutes of the Ecuadoran Congress of “divine grace’’ clearly indicate the author’s strong 1837. Chief subjects treated in the actas: government bias. The work is further flawed by very lengthy quota- finances, church-state relations, armed forces, comtions from letters of Garcia Moreno, which are al- mercial questions, education, and local government. ready available to the public in the collection published A lengthy introduction summarizes the main develop-

by Wilfrido Loor. Despite glaring defects, this study ments in Rocafuerte’s administration and reproduces

494 SINCE INDEPENDENCE presidential addresses to the Congress. 5320. Garcia Moreno, Gabriel. Escritos y 5314. Ecuador. Congreso. Actas del Con- discursos de Gabriel Garcia Moreno . . .

greso Constitucional del Ecuador, (afio— —, 2: &d- Quito, 1923.2 v. 7

1839)etQuito 2¥vManuel A valuableM. collection of Garcia Moreno’s writings, ? . °1893-1894. , edited by Polit Laso. First published in

The official minutes of the Congress of 1839, covering 1. ggg. it was republished in 1923 with new material a large the wt a Jegistative Sr apects, such as foment added and with revised annotations. The editor’s notes

tax re e a lndis Franc le ; ‘ical mat eee foreis > are informative, though very partial to Garcia Moreno. com ion Oo dt cathe end the ‘lee tion a Flores Unfortunately some of the material is presented withmerce and treaties, and the clecuon Ord. J. Piores ~~ out any indication of the date of first publication. to his second term as president of Ecuador. The intro- Many dates of publication are buried in lengthy notes duction by Francisco Ignacio Salazar includes presi- at the back of the volumes

dential addresses by both Rocafuerte and Flores.

5321. Hassaurek, Friedrich. Four years 5315. Ecuador. Congreso. Actas del Con- among Spanish-Americans. N.Y., 1868.

greso ecuatoriano de 1831 .. . Quito, 401 p. 1888. Ixxxvill, 212 Pp. A very informative account by the United States’

The official minutes of the Congress, except for the minister to Ecuador, 1861-1865. Excellent descripsecret sessions, for the year 1831. A lengthy histori- tions of the land, cities, roads, social life, and political cal introduction by Francisco Ignacio Salazar repro- condition of Ecuador in the early years of Garcia

duces President Flores’s address to the Congress. Moreno’s rule.

5316. Ecuador. Congreso. Actas del Con- 5322. Noboa, Alejandro, comp. Recopila-

greso ecuatoriano de 1833 .. . Quito, cion de mensajes dirijidos por los presi-

1891. lxxi, 191 p. dentes y vicepresidentes de la republica,

The official minutes of the secret sessions and the jefes supremos y gobiernos provisorios a unofficial minutes of the public sessions of the Con- las convenciones y congresos nationales gress of 1833, with a historical introduction by editor desdCs | ano 1819 Salazar. Significant information on the controversial € efdeano de‘hast | asta nuestros newspaper El Quiteno libre, the problem of slavery, dias . . . Guayaquil, 1900-1901. 2 v.

and the public debt. An important source of official information contained

; in the official messages of Ecuador’s heads of state to 5317. Ecuador. Congreso. Actas del primer the congresses and to various national conventions. Congreso Constituyente del Ecuador The organization of the work is strictly chronological.

(afio de 1830) _.. xev, 160 p. Ni, ' covers oe eas ee v. 2, 1845-1858.

These official minutes of the Constituent Congress of OF annotated. INO general Index.

1830, faithfully reproduced, proviee important mate: 5323. Olmedo, Jose J. de. Epistolario. nal on the political opinion of Ecuador s lounding Puebla, México, 1960. 619 p. (Biblioteca fathers. thethe editor could locateminima. the . ,a L lon;y1tla minutes of Unfortunately the secret sessions, and minutes do not not ecuatoriana colonia reproduce the original draft constitution that was dis- republica). cussed by the members of the Congress. Despite these Letters of Olmedo compiled by Aurelio Espinosa defects, this volume is an indispensable source of in- ‘Polit, S.J. More than half of these letters, spanning the

formation on Ecuador in 1830. years 1797-1847, are herein published for the first

; . time, gathered from private collections in Ecuador,

5318. Garcia Moreno, Gabriel. Cartas de notably from the Pino Icaza family, the Archivo Jijon Garcia Moreno. Quito, 1953-1955. 4. v. _ y Caamaio, and the Archivo del Instituto Superior de

all ae Humanidades in family Cotocollao. ns. . - casts new Clasicas light on the life andThis the volume political

Edited by Wilfrido Loor Moreira, this is the best tivit rE uador’s first t | source of information on Garcia Moreno and Ecua- 9 9°U VINES OF Ee sr poet.

dor, 1846-1875. Includes almost all of the letters that 5324. Rocafuerte, Vicente. ColecciOn RocaGarcia Moreno is known to have written. In addition, fuerte. Quito, 1947. 16 v. illus. some historical documents other than letters are re- A ve ful. but incomplet llection of historical

produced. Not annotated. Partially indexed. Each ry usetu, om) picte, collection istonica

volume begins with a brief historical introduction by documents relating to the life and thought of Ecuathe editor second president. The editor, Neptali Zuniga, " hasdor’s gathered together Rocafuerte’s publications from

. ; 2 e Unite ates. e bulk of the material covers

5319. Garcia Moreno, Gabriel. Cartas poli- varrous sources in eeacer Per Nace: ouba, and

ticas de Gabrie’ cae eas a fares Rocafuerte’s life before he became president. InforOrdonez azo, | 6! uenca, mation on his presidential administration (v. 13 and Ecuador, 1923. 262 p. illus. 15) is disappointingly scanty. Little personal corre-

An annotated collection of letters of Garcia Moreno, spondence is included. Not indexed.

edited by Alfonso Ordénez Mata. Some of these doc- . . .

uments are included in the four-volume collection of 5325. Villavicencio, Manuel. Geografia de

letters compiled by Wilfrido Loor, but many are not. la reptblica del Ecuador. N.Y., 1858.

ECUADOR 495 505 p. illus., maps. Ecuador. Broad treatment of the subject includes

A good geographical description of Ecuador in the coverage of social, political, and economic develop1850’s, especially useful to the historian. Contains ments.

much information on population distribution, Indian eles . . cultures, roads, church and education, economic pro- 5332. Loor, Wilfrido. La victoria de Guayaduction, and foreign trade. quil. Quito, 1960. 462 p. illus. A carefully researched and documented study of the : . events that led to the triumph of Garcia Moreno in c. Special Topics 1860. All of the Catholic caudillo’s questionable ac-

; . tions are justified by the author on the ground that

5326. Barrera, Isaac J. Rocafuerte: estudio Garcia Moreno was a “good Christian.” Although the historico-biografico. 2. ed. Quito, 1911. value of this work is diminished by the author’s mili-

206 p. tant partisanship, it is valuable for the abundance of

A short study of the public life of Ecuador’s great information that it contains.

liberal president and political opponent of Flores. s :

Traces Rocafuerte’s life from youth in Guayaquil and 5333. Perez y Soto, Juan B. El crimen de education in Europe to his role in Ecuadoran politics Berruecos. Asesinato de Antonio José and his death in Lima in 1847. A good, brief work that de Sucre, gran mariscal de Ayacucho,

suffers from lack of adequate documentation. analisis hist6rico-juridico. Roma, 1924. 5327. Guevara, Dario C. Olmedo, actortreatment y nt tilts. tment a Colombian historianof of the th . stive by by a Co ian historian canto r de la gran epopeya libertadora de historical mystery regarding the assassination - of America. Quito, 1958. 490 p. bibl. (En- — sucre. Points to the liberal Colombian caudillo José

sayistas ecuatorianos). Maria Obando as the man responsible for the murder-

A solid and informative biography of Ecuador’s poet ous plot. Presents some evidence against J. J. Flores, of independence and political leader of the early na- but absolves him of involvement in the killing. Very tional period. Based largely on standard secondary heavily documented. The most complete study of the works and published writings of Olmedo. Defends the | subject.

oet from almost all criticism. Includes treatment of . ties. Inadequately documented. talvo. 2. ed. Quito, 1943. 494 p. bibl.,

Olmedo’s poetic work as well as his political activi- 5334. Reyes, Oscar E. Vida de Juan Mon-

5328. Guevara, Dario C. Vicente Roca- illus. , kw

fuerte y la publicaBased en el Ecua8004 biography Ecuador's “apostle of lib; ;educacion eralism.”’ on“,V°t¥ the writings of of Montalvo, archival

dor. Quito, 1965. 268 p. bibl. sources, and secondary works. Although this work

An excellent study of the Ecuadoran educational sys- presents Montalvo in a generally favorable light, tem from the 1820’s to the mid-1840’s. Emphasizes Reyes criticizes Montalvo for some of his excesses the role of Rocafuerte in promoting the expansion of | and discusses uncomplimentary aspects of Montalvo’s

public education at all levels from elementary schools intimate life. The treatment is far from exhaustive, to institutions of higher education. Well documented. but it is sufficiently detailed for general use. Well writ-

5329. Haskins, Ralph W. Juan José Flores ten, balanced, and judicious. ; ; and the proposed expedition against 5335. Tobar Donoso, Julio. Garcia Moreno

Ecuador, 1846-1847. HAHR. v. 27, y la instruccion publica. 2. ed. Quito,

Aug., 1947: 467-495. 1940. 430 p. An attempt at a general analysis of the proposed A valuable scholarly monograph on the development

Flores expedition. Uses a wide variety of printed Of public education in Ecuador from 1830 to 1875,

sources. A useful summary. [C.C.G.] with emphasis on the last fifteen years of that period.

. , Based on extensive, but not exhaustive, research in

5330. Howe, George. Garcia Moreno’s ef- archives, newspapers, and published documents. Chapforts to unite Ecuador and France. _ ters deal with Garcia Moreno’s own educational back-

HAHR. Vv. 16, May, 1936: 257-262. ground, with his role as rector of the university,

A narrative based on both French and U.S. MS and BIS Project to expand and improve Ecuador’s educa-

printed sources. [C.C.G. ] tional system, and his stimulation of scientific learn-

ing. Thesis: Garcia Moreno’s work in behalf of public

5331. Huerta, Pedro J. Guayaquil en 1842. education ushered in a “‘new literary and scientific

Rocafuerte y la epidemia de fiebre ‘*™

amarilla. Guayaquil, 1947. 250 p. ; A fascinating study of the effects of a great yellow- 5. Since 1895

fever (1842-1843). Based a. General upon epidemic extensiveupon and Guayaquil careful research in the provincial "|

and municipal archives of Guayaquil. Narrates the . - at story of a dread disease that killed over ten per cent of 5336. Guarderas, Francisco. El viejo . de

the population of Guayas, confounded physicians, Montecristi: biografia de Alfaro. Quito,

drove half of the population to flee the area for safety, 1953. 453 p. and temporarily wrecked the economy of southern One of the best biographies of the great liberal cau-

496 SINCE INDEPENDENCE dillo. Although basically sympathetic toward Alfaro, themes of Alfaro’s administrations. Based on archival the author maintains a critical and judicious view of | materials and secondary works.

his subject throughout the work. Based upon primary . . . materials in the Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores 5342. Rubio Orbe, Gonzalo. Luis Felipe and in several private archives, as well as upon leading Borja, biografia. Quito, 1947. 380 p. secondary works. Occasionally the figure of Alfaro illus., bibl.

is eclipsed by the narration of political events, but the = Another study of the life of the prominent and influ-

Pee tahy fo kept - warp ous most of the time. In- ential moderate liberal, Luis Felipe Borja, based

adequately lootnoted. INo index. chiefly on Borja’s correspondence with his associates.

5337. Guevara, Dario C. Juan Benigno Vela, A serious and thoughtful work, but too partial to its titan del liberalismo radical ecuatoriano. ‘SU™°ased on sound research, helps to illuminate Ecuavate correspondence, and archival materials. Refer- 40ran politics in the late nineteenth and early twentieth ences to sources are inadequate. The work is flawed centuries. In general the author maintains a scholarly

by excessive partiality to Vela. detachment from political partisanship and exercizes

; ; ; perceptive and critical judgment.

5338. Jacome, Gustavo Alfredo. Luis Felipe Borja. Quito, 1947. 389 p. illus., bibl.

A biographical study of a moderate liberal leader who b. Sources exercised much influence in the Liberal party and who

was not afraid to oppose Alfaro and the Radicals. 5344. Alfaro, Eloy. Obras escogidas. GuayaBorja (1845-1912) was a lawyer and publicist who in quil, 1959.2 v

hehSenate a course of moderation ‘ : | of Alfaro, but rather a th lat; Th championed k is based hival Not really the selectedinworks Cnurer eae Te pons: sary * mn an on are 5 of collection of his writings (correspondence, official

materials as vad as secondary Works, but citations Of qocuments, etc.) covering the years 1882-1912. The

sources are inadequate. first volume includes a lengthy work not written by 5339. Loor, Wilfrido. Eloy Alfaro. Quito, Alfaro at all, but financed by him. Not indexed.

A 1947. 3. illus. lemical in nature. Alfaro | in 5345. Andrade, Roberto. engthy biography, polemical nature. aro is ) . Vida y muerte de

portrayed as an agent of the devil who worked to de- Eloy Alfaro (memorias). N.Y., 1916.

stroy both liberty and religion in his homeland. Ac- 492 p. —

cording to Loor, Alfaro was ‘‘a great delinquent like A pithy account of the public life of Eloy Alfaro by a Nero, Caligula, and Henry VIII” who instituted ‘“‘de- | Staunch partisan of the liberal cause. As indicated in moniocracia’’ in Ecuador. Despite the implacable the title, this work is more of a memoir than a work of bias of the author, this is one of the more important historical research. Despite its marked partisanship, studies of Alfaro’s life because of its comprehensive- a valuable historical source. Quotes primary materials

ness. Footnoted and indexed. extensively.

5340. Pareja y Diez Canseco, Alfredo. La 5346. Ecuador. Congreso. Camara del hoguera barbara (vida de Eloy Alfaro). Senado. Diez anos de labor legislativa,

México, 1944. 310 p. bibl. 1951-1960. Quito, 1961. 2 v.

A very readable and compelling study of the life of An index to the official work of the Ecuadoran Senate. Alfaro. Very partial to the liberal caudillo. Emphasizes | Does not reproduce the actual laws and decrees, but the personal aspects of his career more than the politi- briefly states the dates of discussion and voting and cal. Although this work is based upon extensive re- gives a reference to the source of information. Well search, it is not footnoted, and parts of the narration, organized. Indexed. Useful as a guide to congressional

, 1942.

especially the dialogue, appear to be novelized. Alfaro =‘ Materials for the dates indicated. is presented as a heroic battler for freedom and prog- . ress who was maligned and martyred by unscrupu- 5347. Ecuador. Laws, statutes, etc. Anuario lous enemies. de legislacion ecuatoriana. Quito, 1902-

5341. Perez Concha, Jorge. Eloy Alfaro, SU An annual official publication of the Archivo del vida y su obra. Quito, 1942. 432 p. illus. Poder Legislativo. Contains all of the laws and legislaA scholarly study of the public life of Alfaro. Sympa- tive decrees, accords, and resolutions adopted by the thetic to the liberal cause and its chieftain, but moder- Congress since 1901. Indexed alphabetically and ate in tone and interpretation. Suffers from a dull chronologically. A useful and authoritative source of literary style and from a rigid chronological organiza- information on the legislature and its official actions, tion that prevents orderly description of the main including the national budget.

PERU 497 H. Peru FREDRICK B. PIKE

Peru’s greatest twentieth-century historian, Jorge Basadre, has stated that the teaching and writing of history in his country have always exhibited the characteristics of a civil war. The main battles have been between indigenistas and Hispanistas, the first exalting the racial virtue and cultural contributions of the Indian, the second extolling the ethnic superiority and tangible accomplishments of the European. The issues involved in the historiographical civil war were exacerbated during the 1920’s when indigenistas often aligned themselves with communism or Marx-

ian socialism and Hispanistas just as frequently embraced fascism. In post-— World War II Peru, many intellectuals have at last been willing to abandon the dispute in its old terms and to agree that both the past and future greatness of their country rests upon mestizaje, the biological blending of Indians and Europeans and the cultural mixing of their ways of life. Widely shared agreement that genuine “‘Peruanidad”’ is constituted by mestizaje may be an essential prerequisite if the writing of Peruvian history is to become consistently more objective. Less fundamental issues have also produced disputes of lasting historical sig-

nificance. In the mid-nineteenth century liberals like Francisco de Paula Gon-

zalez Vigil strove to introduce political democracy and to remove Church influence from temporal society, while conservatives led by Bartolomé Herrera asserted that authoritarian institutions of government and some degree of ecclesiastical direction of the body politic were providentially ordained. Various aspects of the liberalism vs. conservatism debate, often modified by the rise of positivism as an intellectual influence, colored the writing of history until well into the twentieth century. By the late 1950’s, however, many churchmen had begun to identify with the quest for modernization and a large number of their former anticlerical opponents saw the possibility for cooperation. The intellectual climate had finally become propitious for the appearance of an objective history of the church and of liberalism and conservatism in Peru since independence. Thus far no one has written such a history although Jorge Guillermo Leguia, Raul Ferrero, and Alberto Tauro have made significant contributions to the history of ideas.

The role of the military in history has produced almost as much discord as that of the church. In the 1920’s advocates of indigenismo, socialism, and revolutionary change stridently denounced the military, assuming it to be a bastion of conservatism. Then, in the post-World War II era, the military, like the church, showed some signs of committing itself to modernization and the antimilitarism of many intellectuals abated. Increasing objectivity in analyzing the role of the armed forces has contributed to widening acceptance of an important new interpretation of nineteenth-century

498 SINCE INDEPENDENCE Peruvian history. Traditionally, historians tended to disparage the military caudillos. However, a revisionist movement led most notably by Basadre has been gaining ground, with the virtues, idealism, and enlightenment of many caudillos being stressed. In particular Agustin Gamarra, killed in 1841 during an unsuccessful invasion of Bolivia, has come to be recognized as a statesman of stature. Historical revisionism has also led in recent years to the emergence of Ramon Castilla as a genuine symbol of Peruvian nationalism. The disputes that originated in the 1870’s between Nicolas de Piérola and his Democratic party, on the one hand, and Manuel Pardo and his Civilista party, on the other, often prevented Peruvians from cooperating in waging the War of the Pacific against Chile. Passions awakened by these disputes also prevented his-

torians from dealing objectively with the period from 1870 to the turn of the century. Then, during the 1920’s both the Democratic and Civilista parties virtually disappeared and the issues over which they had contended subsided. Historians: have subsequently begun to find it possible to write with detachment on Piérola and Pardo. Although a better balanced and undoubtedly more accurate

approach to political aspects of nineteenth-century development has become apparent, the economic and social history of the period remains as much as ever an unexplored terrain.

In the decade following World War I, a group of prolific, persuasive, and talented writer-politicians who advocated total revolutionary change rose to prominence. These men, among whom Victor Raul Haya de la Torre and his Aprista followers were prominent, maligned the statesmen of the 1895-1919 era who had struggled for and actually achieved a considerable degree of moderate transformation and reform. If the history of modern Peru is to be placed in proper perspective the contributions of these statesmen must be acknowledged. Fortunately, by the 1950’s, some of the animosity aroused in a previous generation between Apristas and their opponents was beginning to diminish and it seemed possible that the time might be approaching when a balanced history of the early part of the century could be written. Peruvians seemed, however, nearly as far as ever from an objective evaluation of the eleven-year rule of Augusto B. Leguia (1919-1930). In part because there is mounting recognition of the need to stress economic and social factors in writing on recent events, few Peruvian historians have turned their serious attention to post-1930 developments. Any writer attempting to deal in a general manner with the recent period is critically handicapped by the glaring

lack of monograph material based upon sound sociological, economic, and related types of research. Since the mid-1940’s, a new impetus to historical studies has been evident in

Peru. A promising group of young historians has appeared and the Instituto Historico del Pert has been revitalized. It has lent its efforts to those of the Instituto Sanmartiniano, the Centro de Estudios Historico-Militares, and the Centro Universitario de Investigaciones of San Marcos University in stimulating the training of historians and the production of solid historical works. In addition the Sociedad Peruana de Historia, founded in 1945 through the efforts of Ella Dunbar Temple and other distinguished historians, has brought together various specialists whose hope is to produce through mutual cooperation a fresh synthesis of Peruvian history. Before these efforts can lead to sustained accomplishments, however, the disciplines that are ancillary to the study of history must be developed. In addition, much remains to be done to carry forward the pioneering efforts

PERU 499 of José de la Riva Agiiero, Rat Porras Barrenechea, and Rubén Vargas Ugarte in

assessing the weaknesses and strengths of previous historical writing and in organizing and cataloging public and private collections of sources. Only with this accomplished will life and vitality be infused into the libraries, which have tended to remain, in the terms Manuel Gonzalez Prada once applied to the Biblioteca Nacional, cemeteries of books and documents.

1. Bibliographies and Guides 5353. Basadre, Jorge. Historia de la Repu, ae blica del Peru. 5. ed., enlarged and cor5348. Anuario bibliografico Peruano de rected. Lima. 1961-1964 iow bibl 1955 “1 95 7, prepared under the direction This is the best general history of republican Peru,

of Cristobal de Losada y Puga. Lima, carrying the story from independence to 1930. The

. P , 1: i

1961. 727 p. (Ediciones de la Biblioteca cited edition is enhanced by a separate, 232 p. bibliog-

Nacional raphy. Basacre S worn iS aways carefully researched . . “4: . -a_12) . and notable for objectivity. As a younger writer he was This cumulative bibliographical guide is an invaluable ore outspoken in social criticism but in recent years tool for Peruvian historical research. Alberto Tauro is }.45 assumed a relatively complacent and optimistic among the distinguished historians who have directed attitude toward Peruvian development. A fourth edi-

© publication in the recent past. tion of his history (the first was published in 1939 asa S349. Escuelas Americanas, Diccionario sine volume appearing in two volumes in 4) wa M biograhico del Peru. Tima, 19 43: 73 5 Pp. fifth edition Basadre seems inclined to avoid judghe b valuable im rane : id ing Peruvians Of ments and to quote the opinions of others when evalcompressed in sth thek waka me. artistic worlds is yating controversial figures and occurrences.

5350. Odriozola, Manuel de. Catdlogo de los °°>., Basadve, Jorge. dey onaciones soore

periddicos nacionales existentes en la 533 D INO MSLOTICO Cel Feru. Lima, Bipgoteca Nacional. BB. no. | » 1923: In what is perhaps his most significant reflective work,

3 oo . ; Basadre (b. 1903) expresses his faith in Peru’s ulti-

Not ona San nozoia, descrivethepolitica or eceoogica’ abilityprocess to surmount its many problems through associations, grandson Of a lamousmate long-term of “‘mestizaje,”’ i.e., a mingling anda nineteenth-century compiler of documents, limited blending of Spanish and indian values and cultures. himself to establishing the exact publication dates of

the newspapers and periodicals housed in the Biblio- 5355. Belatinde, Victor A. Peruanidad.

teca Nacional as of 1923. Lima, 1957. 540 p. (Universidad Caté5351. Paz Soldan, Juan P. Diccionario bio- lica del Peru. Instituto Riva Agiero. grafico de peruanos contemporaneos. Publicaciones 8).

Lima, 1921. 449 p. Ever since his return to the church in the early 1920's,

This work is based on responses to carefully prepared Belaunde (b. 1883), in addition to serving in numerous questionnaires sent to leading Peruvian citizens and is | !™portant diplomatic, government, and teaching posts, skillfully edited by Paz Soldan. An earlier edition ap- as been a leading spokesman of a moderate Catholic

peared in 1917. approach to contemporary problems. In the cited work , ; oo he analyzes the main ingredients that constitute ‘‘Peru-

5352. Paz Soldan, Mariano F. Biblioteca vianess” and argues that mestizaje is the inevitable

peruana. Lima, 1879. 544 p. goal of his country. However, he attaches much

This scholarly bibliographical work by one of Peru’s greater importance to Spanish than to Indian elements.

most eminent nineteenth-century historians (1821- An earlier and shorter version of the work appeared 1886) contains comments upon some seven hundred '" 1942.

Peruvian publications, including a great number of . . .

newspapers and periodicals. Owing to the sacking of 5356. Castro Bastos, Leonidas. Geohistoria

the Biblioteca Nacional by Chilean occupation forces del Peru. Ensayo economico-politicoduring the War of the Pacific and to the disastrous fire social. Lima, 1962. 324 p. bibl.

of 1943, some of the works referred to by Paz Soldan This is one of the few, and not thoroughly satisfactory,

can no longer be found in Peru. attempts to deal with the human geography of Peru.

A commission appointed by President of the Republic

2. General Fernando Belaunde in 1963 is preparing an eight-

: volume work on the geography of Peru, and hopefully

500 SINCE INDEPENDENCE the work will fill at least partially the vacuum that has tions. Capturing the spirit of ““Peruvianess”’ in a style

, a. . of Peru and ition of th ] f -

long existed. that is often lyrical, the book extols the mestizo culture

5357. Davalos y Lissén, Pedro. La primera tizaje. The work was originally published in two vol

centuria. Causas geograficas, politicas, umes in 1938 and 1940.

y economicas que han detenido el pro- . , , “4: greso moral y material del Per en el S32, Parla Par Soldin Jos. cd;Biblitee primer siglo de su vida independiente. 1963. 12 v , Lima, 1926. 4 v. bibl. too. This isa collection of major Peruvian writings selected

Although this is a useful work by an amateur historian —_f;9m such fields as sociology, philosophy, economics,

it avoids interpretive judgments. Consisting largely and history. The three volumes dealing with history of long quotations from newspapers, journals, and — and covering from preconquest to modern times were secondary sources, it suffers from lack of continuity. edited by César Pacheco Vélez. Throughout the work Similar qualities detract from the same author's His- there are unfortunate indications of careless editing, toria republicana del Peru (Lima, 1931-1938, 10 v.). with citations of selected materials being often inade-

5358. Dellepiane, General Carlos. Historia uate.

ae del peru vsdel Lima, 1943.2Pert v. 5364. ed.2Visién del (Biblioteca oficial). en elPareja sigloPaz xx.Soldan, Lima, José, 1962. v. illus.

The work of Dellepiane (1890-1946), which appeared The lengthy articles in these volumes are, on the in an earlier and shorter version in 1931, is the classic whole, outstanding. Written by some of Peru’s most study of Peru’s military history. It deals not just with eminent authorities, they deal with the economic, polilogistics, tactics, and strategy, but also with social and tical, religious, social, military, and cultural history of political backgrounds to military activities. An alleged the twentieth century.

tendency to glorify the military and to justify militar- ; . ; ' ism has annoyed some critics. 5365. Riva Aguero, José de la. Afirmacion

v. bibl. Jf 9): 7 , -

5359. Garcia Calderén, Ventura, ed. Biblio- a Peru. Re” Ane: 2 P; eres Ow teca de cultura peruana. Paris, 1938. 13 37 38) Iva Aguero. Publicaciones This is the most valuable anthology of Peruvian writ- 19d ne oe pe the wrne® or Riva Aguero ere ings that have been selected from works on the human- histo cane. be fits ' MOSt als tredue tie to the fj at

ities and social sciences as well as from the field of ol "6 vA. Bela di in sd uc the O Me NTs sar Pacheco Vélez. e work reveals that Riva 5360. Mariategui, José C. Siete ensayos de Agiiero’s. early appreciation of Indian contributions interpretacién de la realidad peruana. ‘© Peruvian civilization gave way in later life to a

erature vous by V4 gietnde and to the seco by

Lima. 264 pmaintained, grontication of une Spanish eety:tha The historian ala? a 1928. . ways however,

This is the major work by a man regarded by many as__ of mestizaie. “ «umes @ spowesinan

Peru’s most important twentieth-century essayistpensador. A spokesman of socialism and indigenismo, 5366. Stuart, Graham H. The governmen-

Mariategui (1895-1930) was profoundly influenced tal system of Peru. Washington, 1925. by Marxism but also retained a strongly spiritual set : . erre of values and seemed to delight in departing from 156 P. bibl. (Carnegie Institution of

many of the orthodox interpretations of Marx. Washington. Publication 370). —

. . los ’ . _ partidos development through the early 1961. 1920’s. 503 ; , de politicos. Lima, Dp. bibl. P 5367. Varallanos, José. El cholo y el Peru.

5361. Miré Quesada Laos, Carlos Autopsia This is a reliable analysis of political and constitutional

This skillful survey of Peruvian political history since Introduccion al estudio sociologico de independence in many ways has not been surpassed. un hombre y un pueblo mestizo y su Critics of the work contend that the interpretations are destino cultural. Lima, 1962. 287 p. illus. too conservative, citing the author’s one-time flirtation . “Ld: with fascism and contending he is always pro-Civilista pp ibl. (Biblioteca Andes 2). k Spanish in his analysis. The term Civilista, when used by left- ¢ author . panporant pore | Pe S V. Mane of-center intellectuals, has become one of opprobrium treatment 0 he ” fender “yt the schol vara ved. that is equated with reactionary, even though the orig- A sd outspo en h erender eb the ble o” (mixe d inal Civilista party, founded in 1871, was one of dar- led), Sed ak pon TE cing unable to sce goo

ing innovation and reform. in pure-blooded Indians and Europeans.

5362. Miré Quesada Sosa, Aurelio. Costa, 5368. Wagner de Reyna, Alberto. Destino

sierra y montafia. Lima, 1947. 430 p. y vocacion de Iberoamerica. Madrid,

Rightly considered a masterpiece in Peruvian litera- 1954. 124 p. (Santo y sena 16).

ture, this work deals in a highly personal and interpre- In this work the distinguished diplomatic historian (b. tive manner with all of the departments of Peru, their 1915) expounds his typical hispanista interpretation geography, customs, folklore, art, literature, andtradi- of Peruvian and Latin American history.

PERU S01 3. Historiography generales republicanos. Lima, 1963. 573

5369. Basadre, Jorge. Notas sobre la expe- * ones) ituto Historico del Peru. Publica riencia historica peruana. RHL. v. 19, One of the most valuable sources on the nineteenth-

1952: 5-140. century caudillos, this work was not published in

Basadre brings equanimity of judgment as well as Mendiburu’s lifetime (1805-1888). When it finally apencyclopedic knowledge to this notable analysis of peared it benefited from the superb editing and annotatrends and weaknesses and strengths of Peruvian his- tions of Félix Denegri Luna, which in themselves

torical literature. make of this an indispensable wark.

5370. Pacheco Vélez, César. La historiogra- 5376. Tavara, Santiago. Historia de los

fia peruana contemporanea. In José partidos. Notas de Jorge Basadre. Lima, Pareja Paz Soldan, ed. Vision del Pert 1951. 264 p. (Biblioteca de la Reptben el siglo xx. Lima, 1962. p. 527-580. lica 1).

One of Peru’s most active and prolific young histo- This political history of Peru from the time of José rians (b. 1929), Pacheco Velez in this article writes qe San Martin’s protectorate to the end of the Conperceptively on the major works and interpretive federation with Bolivia was published originally by trends in the twentieth-century historical literature of Tavara, a liberal pensador and political leader, in an his country. At times he is brutally frank and pessimis- —_1 862 series of articles in the Lima daily El Comercio.

tic in describing the state of historical scholarship in Not until 1951 did his penetrating and generally objec-

Peru. tive analysis of the period appear in book form, bene-

5371. Riva Agiiero, José de la. La historia pene vastly from the notes and editing of Jorge

en el Perti. Madrid, 1952. 531 p. asaene:

Written originally in 1910 as a doctoral dissertation, 5377. Valega, José Manuel. La reptblica del this work was regarded as the best analysis of Peru- Pert. Lima, 1945-1946. 3 v. vian historical writing to have appeared, even though Covering the 1827-1835 period this history by a longthe evaluations it presented were generally harsh. The time San Marcos professor and prolific author of textwork proved a stimulus to the formation of a new — hooks and multivolume studies of the independence school of young historians. Influenced somewhat by period is crowded with details and except for an antipositivism at the time, Riva Agiiero showed littleem- Spanish bias is generally dispassionate. It suffers from pathy for the colonial past and was harsh in some judg- style that is often prolix and from lack of critical

ments of nineteenth-century conservatives. Later in analysis. life, when he became a spokesman of fascism, Riva ; Agiiero repudiated many of these appraisals. 5378. Vargas, M. Nemesio. Historia del

5372. Vargas Ugarte, Rubén. Historia del O° bith Pe Lima, 1903-1942. Pert. Fuentes. Lima, 1945. 360 p. C V. ‘he ‘od from independ 1839. th;

Vargas Ugarte brings vast erudition to his task of pro- Overing AIL Perios d red h Ke en walt: ic > this viding an introduction to the major currents of Peru- was Pot re ’ blican hist the a the tivolume reat vian historiography as well as carefully annotated and Jore 3 r are ican ks. ee th l the app ® human 9 critical bibliographical references. orge Basadre’s works. A rather eccentric humanist and translator of Shakespeare who turned rather late in life to history, Vargas made many penetrating judg-

4. Documentary Sources ments and analyses in this work but organized his ma5373. Basadre, Modesto. Diez afios de his-

; . ; terial poorly.

toria politica del Peri, 1834-1844. Lima, 5. Foreign Relations

1953. 189 p. (Biblioteca de la republica). S

On the basis of this work the author (1816-1905), an (See also Part VII, A)

uncle of Jorge Basadre, emerges as one of the best

nineteenth-century Peruvian historians, possessing a 5379. Barreda y Laos, Felipe. Segunda lively writing style and a most unusual objectivity. emancipacion de América Hispana. 5374. Herrera Alarcon, Dante. Rebeliones teh I 247. 360 p. important in Peruvian di que intentaron desmembrar el sur del lomatic and intellectual circles since the early twenPeru. Lima, 1961. 262 p. illus., bibl. tieth century, presents in this work an important plea

. ; i in Peruvian dip-

A carefully documented study by a promising young for a “Third Position” based on Hispanic American historian, this work occasionally suffers from the au- unity. thor’s partiality to Agustin Gamarra, which makes it

difficult for him to deal fairly with Gamarra’s Bolivian- 5380. Barrenechea y Raygada, Oscar. Con-

born rival, Andrés Santa Cruz. While the work is a gresos y conferencias internacionales solid contribution to the history of the Peru-Bolivia celebrados en Lima. 1847-1894. B.A

Confederation it cannot be considered a definitive , soe

treatment. 1947. 406 p.

This is a valuable account of the work of many emi-

5375. Mendiburu, Manuel de. Biografias de nent nineteenth-century Peruvian statesmen, who are

$02 SINCE INDEPENDENCE pictured as attempting to realize the Bolivarian dreams 1954. 102 p. of Latin American unification. The work is not always This is a pioneering study of the Banco Central, which adequately documented and much remains to be done during the 1950’s and early 1960’s carried out some of on thishistory. ane other aspects of the past century’s diplo- the most important economic research in Peru. matic

5388.8. Barrien Luis F. Los tres 5381. Carey, James C. Peru and the ,United Barrientosos, Casos, Luis Stat 1900-1962. Indimpressionistic sindicalismos. Lima, 1958. ales, : . otre ; ane,Notre nt "> D This work is one of the237 fewp.available 1964. 243 p. bibl. (International studies studies touching on the neglected field of Peruvian of the Committee on International Rela- labor history. Arturo Sabroso, former long-time leader

tions. University of Notre Dame). of Feru's most important labor organization, began Concentrating heavily on the period since 1920, this work in hes al d history a vale oon the in his work is particularly useful in describing economic country that could shed much light upon the moverelations and United States cultural programs in Peru. ™&""-

5382. Garcia Salazar, Arturo. Resumen de $38. pamprubt wchzae anos. etree

historia diplomatica del Pert, 1820- 13 3 OS Dancos en et reru. Lima,

1884. Lima, 1928. 232 p. bibl. This j Pp. € the f oo, bh p

For many years the most careful and objective treat- Vian 1s nomic history. serious Monographs on Feru-

ment of Peruvian diplomatic history, the work none- neco : y.

theless suffers in several sections from inadequate 53909, Collazos Chiriboga, Carlos, et al. La

documentation. alimentacién y el estado de nutricién en

5383. Pareja Paz Soldan, José. Para una el Pert. Lima, 1960. 343 p. illus., map, bibliografia diplomatica del Pert. Publi- bibl. caciones oficiales de la cancilleria pe- This is the most exhaustive study made of the prob-

ruana. Lima, 1950. 26 p. lems of nutrition in Peru. Although only a presminary Dibliography Erich. E] .crecimiento econ6on its topic, this workand ispartial a useful tool for5391. theEgner, diplomatic ,,

historian. Pareja is author of the perceptive survey mico del Peru y SUS obstaculos. RFCE. Politica internacional del Peru en el siglo xx (Lima, no. 66, enero—jun., 1963: 18-80

1962, 81 p.). A West German who conducted research in Peru, . ; 1958-1959, Egner has produced in this article one

5384. Ugarteche, Pedro. El Peru en la vida of the most perceptive and best documented studies of internacional americana. Lima, 1927. post-World War II Peruvian economic conditions.

Althocee Usoteche was a prominent writer on diplo 5392. Ferrero Rebagliati, Romulo A. El matic history, his approach is often m”c impressionis- problema de la tierra en el Peru. Lima,

tic than scientific. 0 1958. p.treasury ‘ dof Lies ne-time 189 minister of and ofaericul agriculture an ; 5385. Ulloa y Sotomay or, Alberto. Posicion — dean of economic sciences at the Catholic University internacional del Peru. Lima, 1941. 404 © of Lima, Ferrero defends the owners of the cotton and

_ bibl. Sugar estates of coastal Peru, describing them as na-

On. of many important books by Ulloa, who has been tion builders rather than selfish exploiters.

distinguished journalist, ftatesman, and diplomat, this, 22° Ferd, Thomas R. Man and land in work deals in large part with Peru’s boundary prob- Peru. Gainesville, Fla., 1955. 176 Pp.

lems. It may be unduly harsh in its judgments on maps, bibl. .

Augusto Leguia’s foreign policy during the 1920’s. Although much of the data is based on the 1940 cen-

. . sus, conditions of rural life in the sierra as described 53386. Wagner de Reyna, Alberto. Historia in this important work have not been greatly altered diplomatica del Peru, 1900-1945. Lima, _ since the book was written.

1964. 2 v. maps, bibl. . ,

The first attempt at a systematic treatment of foreign 5394. Guardia Mayorga, Cesar . A. La rerelations in the first half of the twentieth century, this forma agraria en el Peru. Lima, 1957. work by an eminent historian and diplomat is based on 155 p. careful study. It is one of the first titles to appearin This work is a typical example of the approach to

an announced new series, La Diplomacia Peruana, of agrarian reform that stresses redistribution of land. the Academia Politica.

5395. Irie, Toraji. History of Japanese mi-

6. Economy gration to Peru. HAHR. v. 31, Aug., , 1951: 437-452; Feb., 1952: 73-82.

*387. Banco Central de Reserva del Peru. A translation of part of a Japanese work on overseas venta nacional entre 1942 y 195 2 y aC- migration. A good account of promotion of emigration tividades productivas del Pert. Lima, and of conditions.in Peru for Japanese. [C.C.G. ]

PERU 303

5396. Peru. Laws, statutes, etc. La reforma forts of Peruvians to bring about university reform agraria en el Peru. Exposicion de motivos afong te anes of the € ordoba, Argentina, movement

y proyecto de ley. Lima, 1960. 231 p. man .

Presided over by Ernesto Alayza Grundy, for many 5403. Mead, Robert G., Jr. Gonzalez Prada:

years a distinguished leader of Catholic lay activity, el pensador y el prosista. N.Y., 1955. this study urges a moderate approach to land reform 22 p

that stress production rather than A briand “So,ideas .. tion.willrief, incisive analysis of land the redistribuprose style of the principal forerunner (1848-1918) of the Aprista

5397. Stewart, Watt. Chinese bondage in movement in Peru. [I.L.]

por. a nistory of the Chinese coolie in 54094, Miré Quesada Laos, Carlos. Historia

Peru, 1849-1874. Durham, 1951. 247 p. del periodismo peruano. Lima, 1957. illus., map, bibl. (Duke University pub- 320 p.

lications). The winning entry in a 1956 contest sponsored by the

A careful study of the system of contract labor of | Asociacién Nacional de Periodistas del Pert, this Chinese in Peru, which succeeded the abolition of | work contains an abundance of useful material. HowNegro slavery. Labor was desired chiefly for the cul- ever, the organization is poor and the work cannot be tivation of the intensive agriculture of coastal Peru. judged a truly finished piece of history. An adequate

re car analysis of the evils of the system. history of Peruvian journalism is yet to be written.

no ar , , 5405. Nunez, Estuardo. Panorama de la

5398. Ugarte, Cesar A. Bosquejo de la his- literatura peruana en el siglo xx. México,

toria economica del Pert. Lima, 1926. 1959. 116p

214 p. bibl. This well-balanced and carefully analytical work is

This work represents the first serious attempt to write —_ written by one of the most prolific and serious histothe economic history of Peru. Sometimes relying more __rians of literature in Peru. Nufiez, who has taught in

on a philosophical than a strictly empirical approach the United States, has written extensively on the into economics, Ugarte in this and other works estab- fluence of English, North American, and German lished himself as one of the early advocates of land = quthors in Peru.

reform, which he hoped could be achieved ue . recourse to violence. 5406. Palma, Angélica. without Pancho Fierro,

. , . . arelista limeno. Li , ,

5399. United Nations. Economic Commission “Tha 5 elista limefio. Lima, 1935. 56 p

for Latin Am crica. E] desarrollo indus- This is a skillful biographical essay on Peru’s great

trial del Peru. Mexico, 1959. artist of Indian and Negro origins. Pancho Fierro This is a basic reference work. (1803-1879) through his watercolors brilliantly de-

7. Culture ;

picted amusement-seeking Limenos of all social classes in the mid-nineteenth century.

, 5407. Paz Soldan, Carlos E. De la revolu-

5400. Escobar, Alberto. La narracion en el cion a la anarquia universitaria. Paginas

Peru. Lima, 1957. 308 p. bibl. de critica histérica. Lima, 1922. 203 p.

A literary historian and San Marcos professor has 4 renowned physician and champion of public health produced in this work a balanced and reliable survey programs, Paz Soldan was at first a champion of uni-

of creative prose writing in Peru. versity reform. By 1922 he had become highly critical 5401. Lastres, Juan B. Historia de la medi- of the allegedly leftist excesses of university leaders.

cina peruana. Lima, 1951. 3 v. Lima, 5408. Riva Agiiero, José de la. Caracter de 1951-1952. (Universidad Nacional Ma- la literatura del Peru. Lima, 1962. 384 p. yor de San Marcos, Publicaciones del Written in 1906 in masterful style by the young Riva cuarto centenario. Historia de la Univer- Agtero, this work is a rather unflattering but fre-

‘dad objective analysis of Peruvian The S] ac ).5 .quently ; cited edition is almost as valuable for itsliterature. introduction,

A prominent physician as well as a prolific author of prologue, and notes by Jorge Basadre, César Pacheco historical works who contributed many fresh perspec- Vélez, and Enrique Carn6n Ordéiiez as for the original

tives, Lastres has produced in this volume a distin- text.

guished history of Peruvian medicine, beginning with

the colonial era. 5409. Salazar Bondy, Augusto. La filosofia

. enGabriel el Pert. 98Sp.P 5402. Mazo, del,Washington, comp. and ed.1954. La bibl reforma universitaria. D ocumentos rela- This is a brief survey of the subject by a Peruvian who tivos a la propagacion del movimiento en has written extensively on philosophy, education, and América Latina, 1918-1927. B.A., 1927. social issues. It is accompanied by an English transla-

460 p. tion.

Important documents pertaining to the 1916-1926 ef- 5410. Sanchez, Luis A. La literatura peruana.

504 SINCE INDEPENDENCE

1951. toria).

v. 1, Lima, 1946. v. 2-6, B.A., 1950- Instituto de Historia. Biblioteca de hisSanchez, an important intellectual and political figure Luna Pizarro (1780-1855), a churchman who ultisince 1920, has produced in this work the most com- mately became archbishop of Lima, was for many plete history of Peruvian literature. In it he includes years the central figure of Peruvian liberalism and a many valuable biographical sketches of leading Peru- master of political plotting. Alberto Tauro has skilvian writers. The cited work grew out of aone-volume fully selected documents that reveal much of the survey of Peruvian literature published in 1929. The thought and describe many of the actions of the emisix-volume work suffers from Sanchez’s inclination to nent pensador-statesman. allow his pro-Aprista political passions to color his : eps . literary judpments. P P 5417. Radiquet, Maximilien R. Souvenirs de . , oo. l Amérique espagnole. Paris, 1856. 308 p. 5411. Tello, Julio C. Reforma universitara: Often regarded as one of the most perceptive for-

ensayos y discursos. Lima, 1928. 157 p. eign visitors to Peru during the first half of the nine-

A Harvard-trained archaeologist and a socialist-indi- teenth century, Radiquet provides a fascinating de-

genista who gloried in his Indian ancestry, Tello scription of Lima and its leading citizens as of the (1880-1947) provides basic information in this work year 1844.

on theoncenio. obstacles to university reform Flora. during the . . Leguia ¥ . 5418. Tristan y Moscozo, Peregrina. . , ciones de una paria. Lima, 1946. 444 p.

5412. Valdez Garrido, Julio. De Bolivar & Born and educated in France but related to one of Haya de la Torre. Estudios de las difer- Arequipa’s leading families, Flora Tristan visited Peru entes ideologias de nuestra historia. in the early 1830's. She formed very strong impres-

Piura, 1945. 112 p. bibl. sions of Peruvian leaders, most of them quite unfavor-

Although it has some valuable insights on nineteenth- able. Convinced that re required a eveling social century developments, the work is extremely weak in wh oiution, d © h he Tr: hed aa in the Coty its treatment of the more contemporary scene, being FE 0 bv E wi R er. Translated Irom the origina largely an apology for Aprismo. It does little to fill renen Dy Emia NOMeTO.

the need for an adequate history of ideas in Peru. 5419. Valdivia, Juan G. Memorias sobre las

revoluciones de Arequipa desde 1834 8. The Founding of the Republic, hasta 1866. Arequipa, 1956. 247 p. 1826-1845 The invaluable memoirs of Valdivia (1796-1884), an outstanding liberal clergyman who was personally ina. Sources volved in many of the Arequipa uprisings of the early

ps independence period, appeared first in 1874. They 5413. Dancuart, Pedro E., comp. — Cronica make fascinating reading and contain penetrating parlamentario dei Peru. Historia de los judgments on many of the leading Peruvians of the

congresos que han funcionado en la era.

republica desde 1822. Lima, 1906-1910. 5499. La Verdad. Lima, 1832-1834.

10 v. An important biweekly published by such conserva-

Made up primarily of extracts from congressional — tive intellectuals-statesmen as Felipe Pardo, Andrés

proceedings, these volumes cover the period from Martinez, and José Joaquin Mora. An invaluable

° , . of the era.

1822 to 1863. source for both the intellectual and political history

5414. Echenique, José R. Memorias para la

historia Pert,Ly: 1808-1878. Lima b.S 2). mae , .deSecondary Works 1952. 2 del v. (Biblioteca la Republica s

Personally involved in many of the important political 542], Alayza Paz Soldan, Luis. El Gran

events of the first half-century of independence and Mariscal José de la Mar. Lima, 1941. president of the republic, 1851-1854, Echenique wrote 328 p. bibl memoirs that are remarkably detached and of high his- p. DIOL. ; ; ; ; torical value. Although they were not published until Alayza Paz Soldan, one of Peru’s leading historians,

1952, the usefulness of these memoirs is enhanced by | has produced a solid study of the Ecuador-born milithe prologue of Jorge Basadre and the notes of Félix tary man who, with the backing of civilian liberals led

Denegri :Luna by Luna Pizarro, elevatedoftothe thebiography Peruvian presi; ; dency in 1827. Thewas weakness is its

5415. Gamarra, Agustin. Epistolario. Al- tendency to deal somewhat harshly with La Mar’s

berto Tauro, ed. Lima, 1952. 474 p. contemporary opponents.

This collection of the setters of the caudimo statesman 5422. Ferrero Rebagliati, Raul. FE! libera-

FO ONESIES lismo peruano: contribucién a una histo-

; ; ria de las ideas. Lima, 1958. 204 p. bibl.

5416. Luna Pizarro, Francisco J. de. Es- (Biblioteca de escritores peruanos).

critos politicos. Lima, 1959. 227 p. (Uni- An expert on international public law and a historian versidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. mainly by avocation, Ferrero presents in this work

PERU 505

much useful material on the inception of the Liberal- This massive work contains penetrating and often Conservative struggle. It is, however, an exploratory protracted comments on the history as well as the rather than an exhaustive study of nineteenth-century __ political, social, and economic conditions of Peru.

ideas. An outstanding a,intellectual and statesman, the author served briefly as president of his country during the

5423. Lastres, Juan B. Una neurosis célebre. War of the Pacific and subsequently remained active El extrano caso de “La Mariscala” Fran- _ in the Civilista party.

Lima, 2761929, p ; 1930. 2 v. met oo, ,1945. cursos. Lima,

cisca Zubiaga Bernales de Gamarra. s4y9. Herrera, Bartolomé. Escritos y disA medical doctor and psychiatrist as well as a skilled This is th ti rtant ‘Jation of the writings amateur historian, Lastres (1902-1960) has realizedin the call impo ded sriest. a dt "it Th this work a brilliant historical and psychiatrical analy- Oe eee enn ee ctratine but the adula,

" without merit.

sis of the bizarre and madly ambitious wife of Agustin prologue by Leguia is quite penetrating but the adulaGamarra tory biography of the churchman also included is

9 . ° . . . . _—

aoe metry se, (Biblioteca Arena) 5430. Instituto Libertador Ramon Castilla. This work deals in perceptive manner with the leading C Archivo Castilla, . vima, 1956-1963. 4 V. figures in Peru’s Liberal-Conservative confrontation. O™Plled Irom the manifestoes, messages, prociamaAlthough he favors the Liberal cause, Leguia treats tions, and letters of Castilla this work, which has been the Conservative position and its leaders with com- caretury prepared under the San Cristov of such

mendable objectivity. A promising historian who died Cae einen as Evaristo San Doe , lk TO

just as he was beginning to gain recognition, Leguia Ugartec e, erto Tauro, and Felix h enegn d una, (1898-1934) also demonstrated his skill in intellectual 15 One of the most valuable sources for the period.

pistory wi ts Hombres ¢ ideas en el Pert (Santiago §431. Peru. Convencién Nacional, 1855-1857.

ekne, » 173 p.). Actas oficiales y extractos de las se-

5425. Martinez, Miguel A. El Mariscal de siones en que fue discutido la ConstituPiquiza, don Agustin Gamarra. Lima, cidn de 1860. Lima, 1911. 641 p.

1946. 306 p. bibl. Some of the most important ideological debates in

Based on extensive research, this well-documented _Peru’s constitutional history took place in the assemwork is typical of the revisionist approach of Peruvian _blies that framed the country’s 1856 and 1860 charhistorians to Gamarra, depicting the colorful caudillo ters. The nature of these debates, involving essentially in favorable but objective terms. The contributions of _ the liberalism vs. conservatism issue, is clearly reGamarra in guiding the emergence of Peru as aninde- vealed in these documents, which include the text of pendent republic are emphasized, and he is portrayed the 1856 liberal constitution.

as a statesman rather than merely a caudilio. | 5432. Ulloa y Sotomayor, Alberto, comp. 5426. Peru. Constitution. Las constituciones Congresos americanos de Lima. Lima,

del Peru (exposicion critica y textos). 1938. 2 v.

José Pareja Paz-Soldan, ed. Madrid, The work consists of a careful selection of documents

1954. 1076 p. bibl. | pertaining to the 1847 American Congress and its

An excellent survey of the entire scope of Peru’s con- 2tecedents, the Continental Treaty of 1856, the Con-

stitutional history, this work deals reliably with the 8'eSS of 1864 that sought to unite Latin America

early constitutions of Peru (1823-1839) and the lively 284inst the threat of renewed Spanish imperialism, and

Liberal-Conservative struggles preceding the framing the American Council of Jurisconsults of 1877. The of each. Pareja argues that the conservative charter of | ™aterial reveals Castilla’s lively interest in working 1839 was the best one framed during the early republi- ward continental cooperation. can period.

; b. Secondary Works

9. The Age of Ramon Castilla

a.- SOUPCES 5433. Barrenechea y Raygada, Oscar. Bartolomé Herrera, educador y diploma-

5427. Espinosa, Juan. Diccionario para el tico peruano, 1808-1864. B.A., 1947.

pueblo: republicano, democratico, moral, _ 7! P. illus. | |

politico y filos6fico. Lima. 1855. 852 p. Herrera, a clergyman who finished his days as Bishop With Vigil and José Galvez Eguzquiza (1819-1866), Of Arequipa, was the leading exponent of nineteenthEspinosa (1804-1871) served as a leading exponent of century Peruvian conservatism. Active in politics and mid-nineteenth-century liberalism. The above work is indefatigable as a polemicist, he sought to protect and an important source tor the intellectual history of the expand the privileges of the church and to bring about

political by “‘the elite ofNo intelligence.” The cited Period " work is onerule of hero worship. adequate biography 5428. Garcia Calderén, Francisco. Diccio- ©! Herrera has been written.

nario de la legislacidn peruana. Lima, 5434. Gonzalez, Carlos A. Francisco de

1860-1862. 2 v. Paula Gonzalez Vigil, el precursor, el

S06 SINCE INDEPENDENCE justo, el maestro. Lima, 1961. 335 p. 5440. El Educador Popular. 1873-1877.

bibl. Published in New York under the supervision of Peru-

No adequate biography has been written on Vigil Vian Jose Arnaldo Marquez, a fascinating figure who (1792-1875), the leading spokesman of liberalism ™ade highly respectable translations of Shakespeare during the Age of Castilla and perhaps the most im- 2d invented a linotype machine, this monthly was inportant intellectual figure of nineteenth-century Peru. tended to help Peruvian educators impart a more The cited work never departs from the spirit of un- Practical tone to their primary and secondary courses.

critical admiration. Regarded by President Pardo as an important instru-

, _. . ment in reforming education, El Educador Popular

5435. Gonzalez Vigil, Francisco de Paula. was denounced by the clergy because of its allegedly Defensa de la autoridad de los gobiernos _ secular spirit.

y de los obispos contra las pretensiones 5441. Palma, Ricardo. Cartas inéditas. de la curia romana. Lima, 1848-1856. Carlos M. Batres, ed. Lima, 1964. 133 p.

10 v. This collection is particularly interesting because of

In this important publication by the amazingly prolific the letters of Palma, one of Peru’s most distinguished liberal and defrocked priest, Vigil condemns the un- _ literary figures, to Nicolas de Piérola in the late stages

tramontane spirit of Bartolomé Herrera and other of the War of the Pacific. Palma berates Francisco church leaders. Vigil claims to be arguing in favor of | Garcia Calderén and all other Civilistas with undue restoring the pristine spirit of Christianity by stripping harshness.

away the later organizational abuses of the church; he - : advocates the spirit of collegiality and religious tolera- 3442. Peru. Congress. Congreso Const itu-

tion, attacks the powers of the Curia, defends the yente de 1867. Diario de debates. Lima, rights of the poor, and criticizes church wealth. 1867. 412 p.

. one ° The 1867 constituent congress sessions revived the

5436. “ama. Escuela Militar, Chorillos. El liberalism-conservatism controversy and resulted in Libertador Mariscal Castilla. Aspectos a constitution that reflected the wishes of Peru’s more de su obra peruana. Homenaje. Lima, extreme liberals. Although the constitution was short-

1951. 149 p. lived the debates that accompanied its formulation are

These essays by many of Peru’s leading intellectuals | 4 Valuable source for the country’s intellectual history.

reflect important revisionism in historical writing.

Many nineteenth-century historians, depending on b. Secondar y Works

their ideological persuasions, criticized Castilla either ; ;

because of his allegedly excessive liberalism or con- 5443. Amezaga, Mariano. Los dogmas funservatism. Others were critical of Castilla’s economic damentales del catolicismo ante la razon.

policies. More recent historians have pen ee abe Valparaiso, 1873. 127 p. tr ach thew ‘ € ‘ot ths contri ie © : ane oT Strongly influenced by positivism, Amézaga went

duiati CY GO NO! always guare against a spirit O further than most of his intellectual associates in disadulanon. missing revealed truth and became an atheist, as is

5437. Martinez, Miguel A. La vida herdéica revealed in the cited work. Amézaga was also unusual

. y . for the period in his advocacy of government interven-

del Gran Mariscal don Ramon Castilla. tion to bring about social and economic reforms, a

Lima, 1954. 2. ed. 183 p. bibl. theme he develops in Problemas de la educacién

This is the most satisfactory of several recent biogra- — peruana (Lima, 1952). phies of Castilla.

; ; CFelipe. , Id 5444. Arosemena Garland, Geraldo. El1946. Con5438. Masias, Curso elemental de tralmirante Miguel Grau. Lima, economia politica. Lima, 1860. 347 p. 190 p. bibl. The work contains telling criticisms of Castilla’s eco- The best biography of Peru’s War of the Pacific naval nomic policies. A man of Tene lite; neo oBy hi ho hero, this work describes not only Grau’s exploits on wan shocked by Castilla allegedly iperal sympathiss, he ceas but also his promising carer in pois an ments his friendships with leading literary and political figures of the day, including Ricardo Palma and Nicolas

5439. Patifio Raez, Sara. Ensayo de una 4 Piérola. bibliografia Castillista. F. no. 10, 1954: 5445. Arosemena Garland, Geraldo. E!

157-187. - | Coronel José Balta, 1814-1872. Lima,

This . carefully annotated bibliography benefits from 1945. 194 p. bibl perceptive and objective historical judgments. This is a well-written and reliable biography of the colorful military leader who served as the president of

his country, 1868-1872, and encouraged Henry

10. Peru from 1862 to 1883 Meiggs in his railroad-building ventures.

(See also Part VII. A) 5446. Caceres, Andrés A. La guerra entre el

| Peru y Chile, 1879-1883. Madrid, 1924.

a. Sources 305 p. illus., maps.

PERU 507

Dictated to Julio C. Guerrero, this is the work of the Boliviano-Argentino y la declaracién de great guerrilla commander who became Peru’s only guerra de Chile. Lima, 1921. 400 p.

consistently successful military leader during the con- This is the best Peruvian diplomatic history of the flict with Chile and who later formed the Constitu- events that led to the War of the Pacific.

tional party and dominated his country’s politics ; a ; from 1885 to 1895. In spite of the obvious value of the 5453. Lopez, Jacinto. Manuel Pardo. Lima, cited work, no satisfactory over-all history of the War 1947. 566 p. bibl.

of the Pacific has been written in Peru. This superb study unfortunately carries the life of 5447. Casés, Fernando. La revolucién de Fardo only to 1866, some five years before he founded

‘uliooe en Pp el Pert. 1872. the Civilistamodernization, party and tried to lead toward a juil , ’ - Valparaiso. 69 P. course of66 renovation, and Peru reform. Had

Although a leading liberal, Casos became the principal —_[_ pez, a Venezuelan historian, lived to complete his apologist of the short-lived military dictatorship of the study he probably would have produced the definitive

Gutierrez brothers in 1872. In the cited work, written biography of Pardo. In the concluding portion of his in exile, he sets forth his position in highly oratorical pook appear some of the more celebrated essays writstyle, sheds much light on the political events of the ten by and about Pardo.

period, and makes one of the classic defenses of mili- ; tarism to be found in Peruvian literature. 5454. Revoredo, Alejandro. Apuntes de his-

5448. Cisneros, Luis B. Cuestiones econ6- re politica y financiera. Lima, 1939. micas del Peru. Lima, 1866. 158 p. An account of the early disputes between the followers This is an interesting survey of economic conditions GF Manuel Pardo (Civilistas) and Nicolas de Piérola in Peru by one of the country’s most distinguished (Democrats), this book is strongly pro-Civilista and

nineteenth-century attorneys. In 1869 Cisneros(1832- | 7 d als), tic , the strongly P Iicies ¢ th 1906) was instrumental in arranging the controversial P “dc S dni eet atic ar (1872-1876). The | itter ortion

Dreyfus contract in which President José Balta and f the a rk cx at ion Civilist vt a ot l t

Treasury Minister Nicolas de Piérola tied Peru’s eco- Peruvian his tory o the carly rae interpretation O nomic destinies to the French firm headed by Auguste y y

Dreyfus. 5455. San Cristoval, Evaristo. Manuel Pardo

5449. Cornejo Foronda, David. D. Manuel y Lavalle. Su vida y su obra. Lima, 1945.

Pardo y. la Prélogo P- bibl.extensive , ‘te such extens; h 4deducacién . ile it isnacional. not based onwhan quite2 such researc

de Evaristo San Cristoval. Lima, 1953. as the Lopez work, this biography has the advantage 389 p. bibl. (Contribuciones al estudio of dealing with the entire life of Pardo. Although the de la educacion peruana, |. ser., no. 2). author obviously admires Pardo he is judicious in his This careful study relates the endeavors of Manuel judgments and also fair to Pardo’s bitter political opPardo to modernize and vastly expand Peru’s educa- = ponent, Nicolas de Pierola.

tion facilities during his presidential term. Had it not . . been for the financial crisis occasioned by the 1873 de- 5456. Stewart, Watt. Henry Meiggs: a

pression and the opposition of the clergy, Pardo’s con- Yankee Pizarro. Durham, N.C., 1946. tributions to education would have been still more 370 p. illus., bibl. (Duke University pub-

significant. lications). s ef 2 _ This sound biography of the extraordinary railroad-

5450. Davalos y Lisson, Pedro. Leguia. Con building entrepreneur-promoter gives a good descriptribucion al estudio de la historia contem- tion of general economic conditions in Peru during the poranea de la América Latina. Barcelona, _ late 1860’s and early 1870's.

The ae orton of this book deals in some detail 5457. Ulloa y Sotomayor, Alberto. Don Nicowith events in Peru on the eve of the War of the Pacific las de Picrola. Una epoca de la historia and describes the pacifist tendencies of Augusto B. del Peru. Lima, 1949. 441 p. bibl. Leguia and many other important leaders of the busi- This is an excellent and balanced biography. While the

ness and political world. author is a partisan of the ‘“‘democratic caudillo,” he

. . . is also capable of discerning criticism of Piérola’s ac-

3451. Delgado, Luis H. Mariano Ignacio tions. A substantial part of the book deals with PiérPrado, caudillo y précer del Peru. Lima, ola’s services as minister of treasury for President

1952. 537 p. bibl. Balta and his feuds with Manuel Pardo and the Civi-

Although he is one of Peru’s most prolific historians, lista party. Delgado (b. 1899) is occasionally careless. His favor-

able biography of the military man who helped the . liberals come to power and withstand the Spanish 11. Reconstruction, 1884-1919 threat in 1867 and who left the presidential office and a. Sources sailed for Europe in 1880 while the War of the Pacific ;

was in progress, contains many valuable sections but 5458. Cornejo, Mariano H. Discursos polititends to be based as much on intuition as research. cos. Lima, 1913. XXiX, 890 p. 5452. Irigoyen, Pedro. La alianza Peru-_ This is one of the many editions of the parliamentary

508 SINCE _ INDEPENDENCE discourses of Cornejo. An advocate of economic prog- Peru. Also useful is Belatinde’s La crisis presente, ress and development, Cornejo felt these goals could 1974-1939 (Lima, 1940, 256 p.).

not be achieved unless social and political reforms , . , . were enacted. In addition to programs aimed at Indian 5464. Capelo, Joaquin. Sociologia de Lima.

assimilation, he advocated simultaneous elections of Lima, 1895-1902. 4 v.

the president and congress, and introduction of the Capelo (1852-1928) was one of the leaders in a turnjury system. A Civilista stalwart until 1919, Cornejo of-the-century group of intellectuals who, although then became one of the leading partisans of dictator somewhat influenced by positivism, sought govern-

Augusto Leguia. ment action bring about social While reform welcoming and the as; similation oftothe Indian masses.

5459. Deustua, Alejandro O. La cultura na- government intervention, Capelo felt the main hope

cional. Lima, 1937. 370 p. for modernization rested upon the individual, inward

Rebelling against the positivist obsession with material reform of Peruvians and their acquisition of habits of

progress, Deustua (1849-1945), an influential San frugality.

Marcos professor of philosophy, decreed that science , ,

was the lowest intellectual pursuit because it wascon- 5465. Garcia Calderon, Ventura. Nosotros. cerned only with material productivity. Unlike the Paris, 1946. 148 p. ‘‘Arielist-Futurist’’ school, which also reacted against The younger brother of Francisco Garcia Calderén, positivism, Deustua displayed a contempt for the In- Ventura (1886-1959), in this work defends the generadians and the lower classes in general, regarding them tion of 1900. Especially in the 1930’s the men of this

as incapable of appreciating higher values. generation had come in for harsh attack from Aprista

, , . writers on the grounds that they had been detached

5460. Garcia Calderon, Francisco. En torno from the real problems of Peru and indifferent to pal1S Per1Suyan “America. Lima, 15 4. 340 p. - major changing economic important anthology of the writings o P and social conditions. Garcia Calderon (1883-1953), one of Peru’s leading 5466. Gonzalez Prada, Manuel. Horas de twentieth-century intellectuals, who spent most of lucha. Callao, 1924. 362 p. his life in Paris and in his late years suffered serious _ First printed in 1908, this is a typical work of the icon-

mental disorders. Calder6n provides many valuable oclastic pensador who liked virtually nothing of the insights into the intellectual and political history of | Peruvian past and urged, at least at this stage of his the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The development, the total destruction of every vestige of work deals with, among other subjects, the influence the established order. Largely ignored during his lifeof the university, men and ideas in Peru, and Pan- time, Gonzalez Prada came to be regarded after his

Americanism. death (1918) as the great precursor of a sweeping so. , . cial revolution. The bulk of his extensive writings were 5461. Manzanilla, Jose M. Discursos parla- edited and published by his son during the 1936-1945 mentarios. Lima, 1924. 573 p. period. The story of early social legislation in Peru is largely Cod

the history of the efforts of Manzanilla and Luis Miré “a? Liss Ie. Cc ane Py reves at BRE sobre Quesada. The cited work is one of many editions of a Sociologia de eru en . Lima, Manzanilla’s parliamentary discourses and provides 1887. 110 p. insight into the social thought of an outstanding Civi- _ Lissén, who helped introduce the study of sociology in lista legislator who in 1924 served briefly as rector of | Peru, urged the undertaking of projects to assimilate

San Marcos University. the aboriginal masses. Unlike Marxist who ~ argued that redistribution of land inwriters, favor of Indian 5462. Tovar, Manuel. Obras de Monsenor communities would in itself solve the “Indian ProbTovar, Arzobispo de Lima. Lima, 1904- ___ lem,” Liss6n and his disciples saw the need to extend

1907. 4 v. vast health and education programs throughout the

A staunchly conservative priest who intervened ac- SI€!Ta.

tively in politics, Tovar (1844-1907) established him- §468, Martin, José C. José Pardo y Barreda.

self as an irrepressible pamphleteer, and Li 1948.£740. 190 p. bibl polemicist as early as the 1860’s. Hisjournalist, writings reveal LMA, 170 p. DIDI. ,

much of the spirit of Catholic thought in late nine- his sound biographical work deals with the son of teenth-century Peru and his bigoted and dogmatic tone Manuel Pardo and twice Civilista president (1904— may help explain why Catholic intellectual influence 1908, 1915-1919), who provided Peru with its most

ism. century.

succumbed for a time before the challenge of positiv- enlightened executive leadership in the early twentieth

5469. Miro Quesada, Luis. El socialismo

b. Secondary Works intervencionista y su influencia en Amé5463. .Belatinde, Victor A. politician-journalist, Mi generacion en A ist Lima, 1908. 111 p. _,in . : istinguished Miré Quesada la univer sidad. Lima, 196 1.278 p. . this significant work urges a break with the free-mar-

Along with Jose de la Riva Aguero, one of the princi- ketplace economy and the introduction of government pal leaders of the so-called Arielist-Futurist reaction intervention aimed at achieving greater social justice

against the vogue of positivism and utilitarianism, and solidarity.

Belaunde in this work reflects upon the turn-of-the-

century appearance of new intellectual currents in 5470. Mostajo, Francisco. Algunas ideas

PERU 509 sobre la cuestiOn obrera. Arequipa, 1913. trina, literatura, arte, polémica. Lima,

513 p. bibl. 1926-1930. 6 v. illus.

A doctoral dissertation at the Universidad de Gran Directed by José Carlos Mariategui, Amauta was the Padre San Agustin, this work shows why Mostajo, most important periodical published in Peru during who became a vastly influential philosopher and pro- the 1920’s. Especially between 1926 and 1928 leading fessor, was sometimes regarded as an Arequipa coun- _jntellectuals of all ideological persuasions contributed

terpart of the radical Gonzalez Prada. to it. In its last two years Amauta tended more to re‘ flect a fairly consistent Communist orientation. Many 5471. Prado y Ugar teche, Javier. El pro- of the most significant ideological debates between

blema de ensehanza. Lima, 1915. 158 p. Apristas and Communists were published in its pages.

This work reveals the educational reform ideas of the.” , be . .

progressive intellectual and Civilista political figure 5477. Lopez Albujar, Enrique. Memorias. who was rector of San Marcos university from 1915 to Lima, 1963. 241 p.

his death in 1921. These intriguing memoirs were published at the age

, . - of ninety-one by a distinguished literary figure gen-

5472. Sanchez, Luis A. Balance y liquida- erally credited as being the first important author to cion del novecientos. Santiago de Chile, deal sympathetically with Indian themes in fiction.

fanegs). p. (Coleccion. Contempo 5478. Sanchez Cerro, Luis M. Programa de This work by an eminent Aprista political and intel- gobierno del Comandante Luis M. Sanlectual figure and long-time rector of San Marcos chez Cerro, candidato a la presidencia de University is unduly critical of the men of the genera- la Republica del Pert. Lima, 1931. 48 p.

tion of 1900. This document reveals that the Unién Revolucio-

. naria, which supported the Sanchez Cerro candidacy 5473 ° Ulloa y Sotomay or, Alberto. Escritos in 1931, had one of the most complete, eloquent, and

historicos. B.A., 1946. 476 p. soundly conceived reform-oriented platforms, calling

A good portion of this work deals with journalism in for change rather than total destruction of the estabthe 1895-1912 period and with the role both of Civi- lished order, that was presented to the electorate belistas and Democratas in attempting to introduce re- _ tween the end of the nineteenth century (the Democratform and bring stability to Peru following the ouster of ic party program of Nicolas de Piérola) and 1962 (the the military regime of Andrés A. Caceres in 1895. A Acci6én Popular program of Fernando Belaunde).

concluding series of articles in the book amounts vir- .

tually to a history of the Civilista party that if not al- 3479. Seoane, Juan. Hombres y rejas. Sanways friendly in tone is consistently fair and objective. tiago de Chile, 1937. 352 p. (Coleccion

ae . eoane i scribes his experi i

5474. Urdanivia Ginés, José. Unarevolucion fontemporaneos). nc his experiences in the modelo del ejército peruano. Lima, 1945. Peruvian jails where he was placed because of his

. 149 p. Aprista affiliations. The prologue is by one of Peru’s

Historians disagree heatedly in assessing the revolu- _Jeading novelists who was at the time an Aprista. tion that overthrew President Guillermo Billinghurst in 1914, some condemning it as the work of a selfish

oligarchy, others praising it as a defense of constitu- b. Secondary Works tional order against the assault of an arbitrary execu-

tive. The work cited, written by an army officer who 5480. Belatinde, Victor A. La realidad nawas an important leader of the revolution, is a rea- cional. Lima, 1945. 295 p.

sonably good exposition of the latter interpretation. Originally published in 1929-1930 editions of Mer-

5475. Villaran, Manuel V. Paginas esco- curio Peruano, this work seeks to refute the Marxist

1962.Carlos 467 interpretations of the reality advanced by &idas. ’ aLima. P. José Mariategui in Peruvian his Siete ensayos. The

One of Peru’s most enlightened and selfless statesmen- —_ Bejainde-Maridtegui dispute is regarded as one of the

intellectuals, Villaran (1873-1958) throughout along mot significant in Peru’s intellectual history. and active career campaigned for social justice and

economic development. Believing that the economi- 5481. Castro Pozo, Hildebrando. Nuestra cally productive man was also the virtuous man, comunidad indigena. Lima, 1924. 498 p.

Villaran was as much concerned with moral and spiri- bibl tual as with material progress. Believing in universal ° , — . education, he was his country’s most effective oppo- One of the first four Peruvian socialists to win con-

nent to Alejandro O. Deustua, who wished to limit 8fessional seats in 1931, Castro Pozo (1890-1945) instruction to a smallWargn’ elite. The,cited workmight is an an-serve tive anas influential incigenista for whoaccomplishing felt that vplishit aae ives the instrument thology of some of Villaran’s most important writings. the assimilation of the Indian into modern life. The cited work is regarded as among the most penetrating

s lished in Peru.

12. Dictatorship and Dissension, 1919-1939 studies of the surviving Indian communities ever pub-

4. 0 OUTCES 5482. Cossio del Pomar, Felipe. Haya de la

5476. Amauta. Revista mensual de doc- Torre, el indoamericano. Lima, 1946.

510 SINCE INDEPENDENCE 379 p. Torre is Robert J. Alexander. “Victor Raul Haya de

This is a highly favorable biography that appeared first !a Torre and Indo-America,” in Prophets of the Revoin Mexico in 1939. No careful biographical treatment /##ion (N.Y., 1962), p. 75-108. No balanced general of the controversial Aprista leader has been published. history of the APRA and its role since 1924 in Peru-

5483. Eouj Luis A. El d PLUIS vian politics has been written. - Keguguren, A. uSuUrpador.

Fara , .

la historia. Lima, 1939. 190 p. illus. 5490. Mayer de Zulén, Dora. El oncenio de

The successful candidate in the 1936 elections owing Leguia. Callao, 1932. 2 v. in 1. 101 p. in part to Aprista support, Eguiguren was prevented cre wite of redro 5. Zulen (ocean eee, of from occupying the presidency by the Oscar R. Bena- “inese origins who taught philosophy at the Univervides administration. The cited work is passionate in ity of San Marcos and was a leader in pro-Indian denouncing the Benavides rule (1933-1939). movements, Dora Mayer de Zulen was a respected

; . . - intellectual, feminist, educator, and indigenista in her

5484. Encinas, José A. Contribucion a una __ own right. Based more on intuition than research, her legislacion tutelar indigena. Lima, 1918. rudy on Leguia, which in general is highly critical,

109 p. bibl. abounds in penetrating insights.

This is the San Marcos doctoral dissertation of En- 5491, Mir6é Quesada Laos. Carlos. Sanchez

cinas (1886-1958), who later became director of the Cerro ness 0 Lima 1947. 301 Biblioteca de antropologia peruana and was one of the Not based y d po. h ? d h _P.

early advocates of land redistribution to benefit In- ot base ndul eqnare bie to and pernaps in some dian communities. Encinas was a prolific author whose Vic M S_ unduly Tavorable to the often underrated works afford an essential insight into the indigenista Luis M. Sanchez Cerro, president of his country from

movement of the 1920's 1931 until his assassination in 1933, this is nonetheless

; ; , — one of the more satisfactory biographies of Peruvian

5485. Falcon, Cesar. Imperialismo y anti- political figures. Mir6 Quesada confirms the now

imperialismo. Madrid, 1929. 57 p. widely accepted fact that Sanchez Cerro won the

An important Marxist intellectual, Falcon inthis work Presidency in relatively honest elections and suggests alludes, among other points, to President Augusto that the diminutive military leader rendered his counLeguia’s alleged sellout of Peru to United States in- try a distinct service in preventing an Aprista takeover.

vestors. . 5492. Orrego, Antenor. El pueblo conti-

5486. Ferrero Rebagliati, Raul. Marxismo y nente. Ensayos para una interpretacion nacionalismo: estado corporativo. Lima, de la América Latina. Santiago de Chile,

1937. 264 p. bibl. 1939. 180 p. (Colecciédn Contempo-

Written as a doctoral dissertation at the Catholic Uni- raneos). versity in pam. this ‘ie an aaa example of the One of the philosophers of Aprismo, the Trujillo-born many pro-Fascist studies published at the time. Orrego (1892-1960) was strongly influenced by Os-

5487. Garcia y Garcia, Elvira. Actividad Wald Spengler. In the cited work he argues that the

femenina. p oeon eine Wester values civrization be Indians, replaced by one _— . le ?Lima, ° * . 1928. . ased136 more Eastern andwil that wno as Fe pera Da eee ot the of the mente outstanding have always clung essentially to Eastern values in the

, , New World, willwas play leaders. Garcia y Garcia (1862-1951) also the the - main ;

role in reanimating

author of numerous textbooks and a tireless defender Indo America.

OF ohularen's rights. Wier ideas on oe tam reform 5493. Progresos del Peru, 1933-1938, du-

156 p.) PROOKETRG HACIONGS NTN, rante el gobierno del Presidente de la

oe , Republica General Oscar R. Benavides.

5488. Haya de la Torre, Victor R. Constru- B.A., 1945. 249 p. illus., maps.

yendo el aprismo. Articulos y cartasS Qbviously prepared under the auspices of a group that desde el exilio, 1924-1931. B.A., 1933. admired Benavides, this work nevertheless contains

238 p. much accurate information on the material accom-

Written by the founder of Aprismo and the author of Plishments brought about by the military man during

many books, this is one of the more valuable sources iS six-year presidential term. Underestimated for on the early history of the APRA (Alianza Popular ™any years, Benavides (d. 1945) in the late 1950’s and

Revolucionaria Americana). early 1960’s was coming to be recognized as one of Peru’s outstanding presidents. However, no satisfac-

5489. Kantor, Harry. The ideology and pro- tory treatment of his administration has been pubgram of the Peruvian Aprista movement. _ lished.

Berkeley, 1953. 163 p. bibl. (California. 5494. Ravines, Eudocio. The Yenan way.

University. Publications in_ political N.Y., 1951. 319 p.

science 4,no. 1). Written by one of the principal leaders of communism

This account is uncritically favorable to the APRA _ inthe late 1920’s who has subsequently turned sharply and ignores a mass of serious Peruvian literature sup- against the movement, this is a useful summary of porting different interpretive approaches. Also un- leftist activities in Peru through the 1930’s. In dealing

reservedly favorable to the APRA and Haya de la with the APRA, Ravines is highly critical, a position

PERU 51] he has reversed since 1962. forged by the New Indian: the Indian who has ac-

. we , . quired the technical skills and knowledge of the twen-

5495. Riva Aguero, Jose de la. Origen, de- tieth century. Like much of the indigenista literature sarrollo, e influencia del fascismo. of the period, the work asserts, at least by implication,

RUCL. v. 4, 1937: 1-19. the racial superiority of Indians.

Riva Agtiero makes a strong defense of fascism, main- 5502. Valcarcel. Luis E Tempestad en los taining there is no middle ground between it and com- A ° d Lj ’ 1927 183

munism and that liberal democracy and capitalism lead ndes. Lima, - 165 Pp. ; inevitably to communism. One of the leading advocates in the 1920’s of Marxian

. socialism and an active indigenista propagandist,

5496. Roca Sanchez, Pedro E. Por la clase’ Valcarcel, who has also written many sound studies

indigena. Lima, 1935. 302 p. on Peruvian Indian civilizations, describes in this

From the beginning of the Leguia administration in "Ove! the harsh exploitation that was causing violence 1919 Roca (1893-1963) established himself as one of 19 the Andes and predicts a massive native uprising. the leading advocates of a concerted program, involv- The ppok caused a sensation at the time and has aping health protection, education, credit, and land re- Pearedin several subsequent editions. form, aimed at benefiting Indian communities. Al-

though influenced by Marxian socialism, he was a 13. From the Second World War to 1965 leading exponent of nonviolence in achieving reform.

5497. Rouillén, Guillermo. Bio-bibliografia 5503. Arenas y Loayza, Carlos. Vision de

de José Carlos Mariategui. Lima, 1963. _, nuestro tiempo. Lima, 1956.271p.

345Pp,This collection essays,1945 mostand of 1953, whichwas appeared in . a. El Comercioofbetween published

Produced with painstaking care this book has citations 4A. year after the author's death. They reveal the Phe eine a ident of Maridtee wath, Pe anategut thought of an articulate intellectual who since the early work i 1966 on a lengthy biosraphy. Rouillon mahis Sventeth, century had. been leading adboeate_ of

the same mode Sa high'y usett Stand iiveni meth of and since the 1920’s had bitterly decried the goals and

, tactics of the APRA.

a yak — al y aever cristiano. Lima, . p.

$498. same Chocano, Jose. ear ea. 5504, Belaunde, Victor AY et al. srolitica nizadoras y la gran farsa democratica. Essays by five of Peru’s leading Catholic intellectuals,

Lima, 1922. 206 p. concerning Christianity and modernization.

Considered by many to be Peru’s greatest poet, Santos ,

Chocano (1875-1934) presents in this work an out- 5505. Belaunde Terry, Fernando. La conspoken apology for authoritarian rule and expresses quista del Pert: por los peruanos. Lima,

approval of the methods of Augusto Leguia. 1959. 175 p. illus., maps. (Comprension 5499. Solis, Abelardo. Once anos. Lima, del Peru. Serie I, no. 1).

1934. Thisof is Acci6dn an Anperta exposition me goals and pro. . * ,126p . , gram Popular, theofpolitical party that

literary fiance ane he period Soli (1898. 1938) Belatnde founded in 1956 and that swept him to the launches in this book a spirited attack against the presiaency ble (Lima 1960-1 eA Oy same author's

‘““oncenio” (eleven-year rule) of Augusto Leguia, porp ° , “ ; which came to an end in 1931. 5506. Bustamante y Rivero, José L. Tres 5500. Ugarte, César A. Los antecedentes Pers a ie vers democracia en el histéricos delp.régimen peruano. Peru. D.2\., fund. P ainwhich Lj 1918. 116 bibl Thisagrario is a work of fundamental importance whic Ima, Os p. whe 4.19 Bustamante, a reform-inclined but inept president of

Following United States training, Ugarte (d. 1935) peru from 1945 to 1948, relates his difficulties with Marco couse Smihe economic an hancal istry RE QpRstas as well as wi ivian and mitary lead

ers OF the far right. of Peru in 1923. The previous year he had completed .

his San Marcos doctoral dissertation on the agrarian 5507. Caravedo Prado, Baltazar, Humberto problem in Peru. He was somewhat influenced by Rotondo, and Javier Mariategui. Estudios Marxism but rejected a completely materialistic inter- de psiquiatria social. Lima, 1963. 400 p P retation of history. Ligarte was one of Peru's major Written by men with training either as medical doctors pree 8°or sociologists, this book is perhaps the most impor, , : tant study concerning Peruvian character and atti-

seo Uriel oar cla, t Jose. be lacie Indio. tudes. It deals in particular with the melancholy of the

nsayOs mndianistas sobre ia sierra SUT- peruvian people and with the antiserrano prejudices of

peruana. Cuzco, 1930. 219 p. the coastal population.

An important indigenista literary figure who began to \ po. attract considerable attention in the 1920’s, Uriel 5508. Carnero Checa, Genaro. El aguila (b. 1884) asserts in this book that modern Peru will be rampante. El imperialismo yanqui sobre

512 SINCE INDEPENDENCE América Latina. México, 1956. 366 p. reveal that extreme indigenista sentiments are by no

One of the more outspoken intellectual and political means difficult to encounter in the mid-twentieth cen-

leaders of the Marxian left, Carnero Checa in this tury. book gives a typical exposition of his school’s eco- 5516. Leén de Vivero, Fernando. El tirano quedo atras. México, 1951. 715 p. 5509. Carta pastoral del episcopado pe- This is a passionate denunciation by an Aprista leader ruano sobre algunos aspectos de la _ of the dictatorship of Manuel A. Odria (1948-1956).

nomic nationalism. , , pe

“A 4 13 Though not reliable, it reveals much of the Peruvian

son social en el Peru. Lima, 1958. political climate of the period. The most important social pronouncement of the 5517. Miro Quesada Laos, Carlos. Pueblo Catholic Church in post-World War If Peru, this pas- en crisis. B.A., 1946. 302 p. toral letter reveals the desire of clerical leaders to Dealing with the Indian and other socioeconomic become an instrument of modernization. problems of Peru as well as with the country’s alleged 5510. Chirinos Soto, Enrique. El Peru frente moral crisis, the author, criticized by leftists as a Civia junio de 1962. Lima, 1962. 194 p. illus. lista by which is meant virtually a neo. Fascist. often Beginning with the period of the Nicolas de Piérola S70WS Seen Interpretive insight in this retlective WOrK.

presidency (1895-1899), the book concentrates on 5518. Odria, Manuel A. Principios y postulathe post-World War II years. The prologue by Manuel dos del movimiento restaurador de Are-

Seoane,been who until shortly hisin death in 1963 had . Eyde di . generally second only to Haya before de la Torre quipa. Extracto de discursos mensajes command of the APRA, is particularly perceptive. del General don Manuel A. Odria, 1948Chirinos Soto, standing rather close to the political 1955. Lima, 1956. 230 p. illus. center and generally inclined to be sympathetic to the The work is an apology for Odria’s military dictatorAPRA, writes with considerable balance and modera- ship, initiated in 1948 when the General overthrew tion. Also useful 1S his Cuenta y balance de las elec- President Bustamante claiming the need for strong

ciones de 1962 (Lima, 1962). action to suppress the APRA.

S511. Cornejo Chavez, Teeter Neves 5519. Salazar Romero, Carlos. La realidad principios para un nuevo reru. Lima, educacional del Pert. Lima, 1954. 248 p. 1960. 208 p. illus. (Publicaciones de la bibl J uventud Democratica Cristiana). One of Peru’s most prolific authors on education pro-

The principal leader of Peru’s Christian Democratic vides in this work an analysis of his country’s system movement, which although numerically insignificant of instruction, which in many ways has continued to has wielded-.considerable influence because of its phe timely.

collaboration with President Fernando Belatinde since 1963, Cornejo Chavez sets forth in this book his 5520. Valcarcel, Gustavo. Reportaje al fuParty's program. Also useful 16 his ¢Que se proponela —_—_ turo. Cronicas de un viaje a la URSS.

emocracia cristiana? (Lima, 1 | , 144 p.). Lima, 1963. 383 Dp.

§512. Cultura peruana. Lima, 1962. 221 p. A leading Peruvian poet and novelist and a Commv-

yo : ; . .

The record of a conference held at San Marcos Uni- nist sympathizer, Valcarcel sets forth many of the versity, the work presents the views of many of Peru’s _ reasons why men of his persuasion admire Russia and most distinguished men of letters onthe contemporary __ its political-economic-social system.

culture of, , 5521. their country. . _ , HuanVazquez, Emilio. Pedagogia. 5513. Haya de la Torre, Victor Raul. Nuestra cayo, 1963. 244 p

America y el mundo. Lima, 1961. 238p. a long-time professor of pedagogy at the Universidad

(In his, Pensamiento politico v. 5). Nacional del Centro del Pert of Huancayo, the author

This is one of the many works that reveal the revised _(b. 1903) is one of Peru’s most respected authorities on political ideology of the maximum leader of the Peru- education and its history. The last chapter of the cited

vian Aprista party. work, “‘Posibilidad de un sistema peruano de educa-

, . . cién,”’ is particularly significant in its appeal for mod-

5514. Hernandez Urbina, Alfredo. Los parti- ernization of the orientation and curriculum of Peru-

dos y la crisis del APRA. Lima, 1956. vian education. No adequate general history of

119 p. education in Peru has been written.

One of the more useful books among the many in a ; ; ; . similar vein that have appeared since the 1950’s, this 5522. Villanueva Valencia, Victor. El miliwork denounces the APRA for alleged betrayal of its tarismo en el Peri. Lima, 1962. 307 p.

pristine, reform-oriented ideology. Although the work deals in part with earlier historical 5515. Inter-American Conference on [n- Periods, its main emphasis is on events since 1930. A dian Life, 2., Cuzco, Peru, 1949. Anales. to take up a more leftist position, the author gives a

- . one-time Aprista who ultimately abandoned the party

Lima, 1950. 389 p. convincing account of the abortive Aprista uprising

Selections by several important Peruvian intellectuals of October, 1948, which he helped organize, and

BOLIVIA 513 shows that frequently the problem of “militarism” in his denunciation of Aprismo, La tragedia de un pueblo Peru is caused by civilian plottings. Also important is _y de un partido (Santiago de Chile, 1954, 247 p.).

I. Bolivia HERBERT S. KLEIN

Bolivian historiography has been a seriously underdeveloped discipline. With a few rare exceptions, Bolivian historians have been poorly trained amateurs, and the resulting literature has lacked the standards of modern criticism and textual analysis. Too often the documents have been abused or totally ignored, and old debates have been revived by new generations without the slightest attempt to return to the original sources. In such an atmosphere political history has suffered, and social and economic history have been largely ignored. These problems are not unique to Bolivia, and there is still much that can be said for the abundant Bolivian production. Though the first half of the nineteenth century is rich in pamphlet literature on contemporary issues, Bolivian intellectuals were too engaged in a struggle for political survival to devote much attention to their republican history. The first such history produced, that of Manuel José Cortés (5592), appeared in 1861. Pre-Pacific War Bolivian historiography is actually dominated by such foreign observers as the Chilean Sotomayor y Valdés (5602). With the revival of silver mining after the 1860’s and the resulting economic and political stability that was finally achieved by 1880, a major outpouring of literature occurred. Without question, the last quarter of the century is dominated by the figure of Gabriel René-Moreno, Bolivia’s first truly professional historian. He devoted most of his energy to the late colonial and independence periods; his work on the Republican period was largely bibliographical. His one major essay, a brilliant study on the massacres of Colonel Yafiez (5600), exemplified a method of historical research of the very highest standards for Bolivian writers. This example, however, has never

been imitated, and René-Moreno’s lack of a thematic historical survey was responsible for his almost total lack of impact on the Bolivian intellectual climate.

In his bibliographical studies, however, he did have a corresponding figure in José Rosendo Gutiérrez (139), whose works, added to those of René-Moreno (140), provide an invaluable catalog of Bolivian literature prior to 1900. It was not until the Liberal era and the rise of positivism within Bolivia that a national historian appeared who would determine the general lines of Republican history and who would dominate subsequent historical thought: Alcides Arguedas. Setting the guidelines of his analysis of Bolivian society in his sociological study,

Pueblo enfermo (5532), Arguedas proceeded to support his various theses in a multivolume series on the history of Bolivia from independence to the second decade of the twentieth century. Hostile to the Indian heritage, opposed to the ‘‘cholo”’ middle grouping, Arguedas’ histories painted the national past in sharp black strokes. He often made up for his limited research and scholarship by bril-

514 SINCE INDEPENDENCE liant style and bold theories; it was these latter qualities that have rendered him the giant figure in Bolivian historiography from the publication of his first books to the present day. Although Arguedas has been challenged by indigenista thinkers and attacked from many directions, no later writers have seriously supplanted his work. The only historians to approach Arguedas in his broad view of the nineteenth century were Enrique Finot (776) and Jorge Basadre (740), but these men merely added the shadings without substantially changing the substance or even the periodization of national history established by Arguedas. Because of this, the area of the nineteenth century still remains a vast wilderness for contemporary historical scholarship where few have ventured and none have gone beyond the earlier studies of the past century. Nevertheless, there has been a major breakthrough in research on the twentieth century. With the rise of the populist revolutionary parties in the 1930’s and 1940’s and the great need for. self-analysis that swept the nation as a result of the Chaco War defeat and the subsequent National Revolution of 1952, there has occurred an outpouring of

historical literature of quantity and quality unusual for Bolivia. Though this production is still badly handicapped by its poor use of sources and lack of citations, it has nonetheless resulted in some outstanding studies. This is particularly so in the works of Porfirio Diaz Machicao (5534) and Augusto Céspedes (5615), two intellectuals turned historian, who have been able with fair accuracy and broad interpretive ability to see the major political development of Bolivia in the twentieth century and to present it on a par with, if not surpassing, the works of Arguedas. It can also be seen in the more detailed studies of such men as David Alvéstegui (5611) and Guillermo Francovich (5580), and in the superior editorial work of Eduardo Arze Quiroga. Despite this growth in modern historical studies and the recent establishment of serious historical institutes at Potosi and La Paz, whose primary concentration is the colonial and independence periods, vast areas of Bolivian history remain totally unexplored. In political history a good half of the nation’s presidents are without biographies and over three-quarters of their administrations are completely unstudied. There does not even exist a primary monographic base upon which more sophisticated political analysis might be built. Aside from some work on the Supreme Court, there exists nothing of any utility on the institutions of the presidency or parliament or anything on the vital history of the government bureaucracy except for Cleven’s early research (5540). In social history, the pioneering study of Ramiro Condarco Morales (5605) excepted, no Bolivian or foreign scholar has attempted to work on the history of the Quechua and Aymara Indians. Even in the foreign anthropological literature, the seminomadic tribes of the Bolivian Oriente have been better studied than the highland peasant masses. Given the fact that Bolivia still has no trained social anthropologists or sociologists, it is obvious that it will be many years before the classic studies of Leonard (5574), McBride (5575), and La Barre (5573) will be

surpassed. However, the Bolivian government has recently begun to collect previously neglected statistics and materials on the development of national society, and future students should finally be able to grapple with problems of class, social mobility, and race relations on a sophisticated basis. For economic history almost everything remains to be done, despite some good work on the part of such historians as Casto Rojas (5555), Luis Pefialoza (5635),

BOLIVIA S15 and Sergio Almaraz (5545). The history of the tin and silver mining industries, of land tenure and agriculture, of the regional economies and the development of a national market, of the growth of the communications network, and of government finance are all totally unexplored topics. Even with the wealth of post-1930 Statistics, a truly systematic and sophisticated general analysis for twentiethcentury Bolivia of the quality of the studies of a Furtado (817) or a Ferrer (6051) does not exist. These great gaps in research can not be blamed on the source materials themselves. For, despite the chaos of many postcolonial archives, a vast amount of material is readily available and totally unexploited, not only for such a large topic as the tin mining industry (the nationalized records of which have never been utilized), but even for detailed microanalytical studies of Indian peasant history, as Condarco Morales (5605) has recently shown. Even in the supposedly well-worked areas of literary history, the Mesas have begun to explore previously neglected works, and their richly documented ongoing studies of art and architectural history (5582) continue to reveal completely unsuspected rich archival materials for social and economic as well as cultural history. Thus, in research materials as well as subject matter, Bolivian history remains a rich and largely unexploited discipline.

1. Bibliographies and Guides ian Library collection, is an invaluable guide to the ; subject. Aside from the juridical reviews, historical

5523. Abecia Baldivieso, Valentin. Historio- articles will be found in the following journals: Khana

grafia boliviana. La Paz, 1965. 628 p. (La Paz), which appeared in the 1950's; Kollasuyo

This is unquestionably the best and most detailed (La Paz), the famous literary review published in the survey ever undertaken of Bolivian historians and 1930's and 1940’s; the two geographical reviews of their works. Though it is far from definitive and con- +8 Paz and Sucre published intermittently since the tains many debatable judgments, its coverage is enor- end of the last century; the research journals called mous, going from the sixteenth century to the 1960’s, U*iversidad de San Francisco Xavier and Noesis and it notes almost all of the major and minor historical (Universidad Mayor de San Andrés); and finally the production of Bolivia. There is an excellent index and 9¢Wly begun Revista de Instituto de Investigaciones helpful notations on where some of the more impor- i istoricas (Potosi). tant works can be found. The great utility of this work, 5526, Costa de la Torre, Arturo. Bibliografia

however, ispublication, seriouslydate, impaired byofthe author’s failure b | de . | Zepita, de Zep} ; to cite place of and number pages sobre el gran mariscal Andres

(an important item in a study that contains hundreds de Santa Cruz 1818-1965. La Paz, 1965.

of pamphlets) of the works cited. 317 p.

stg . Costa de la Torre is a Paceno bibliophile whose private 3524. Arnade, Charles W. Boli Vlas social collection is one of the best in the world on Bolivian revolution, 1952-1959: a discussion of history. This work is a complete bibliography, arsources. JIAS. v. 1, July, 1959: 341-352. ranged chronologically, of all the works by or about A useful bibliographical survey of the extensive book- Santa Cruz. Though essentially unannotated, Costa and-pamphlet literature produced in the early years of de la Torre’s book does provide full citations of over

the revolution. 1,000 .primary and secondary items pertaining to Bolivia’s most dynamic early president.

5525. Clagett, Helen L. A guide to the law ; P

and the legal literature of Bolivia. Wash- 5527. René-Moreno, Gabriel. Ensayo de una

ington, 1947. 110 p. (U.S. Library of bibliografia general de los periddicos de Congress. Latin American series 12). Bolivia, 1825-1905. Santiago de Chile,

Given the lack of professional historical journals until 1905. 344 p.

quite recently, a surprising amount of nonlegal social The standard and indispensable guide-to. nineteenthsciences studies will be found in the law reviews. This century Bolivian newspapers. René-Moreno published

guide, prepared for the. Library of Congress, whose a seventeen-page supplement covering the period own legal journals holdings are superior to any Boliv- 1905-1907 in Santiago de Chile in 1908. This study

516 SINCE INDEPENDENCE is far more complete than the 1876 survey by Nicolas constituciones hispanoamericanas 13).

Acosta on La Paz newspapers. The author has written in the first half of this book the 5528. Sanabria Fernandez. Hernando. Ga- est constitutional history of Bolivia that has yet briel René M RIB Ia é . been undertaken. He also includes an excellent exMei Rene Moreno. . oa

5540. ween Nee ew N. we political ownership and number of workers. 1940 253 p. illus., maps, bibl (Carnegie 5547. Carrasco, Manuel. Simon I. Patino,

Institution of Washington. Publication ue industrial. Paris, 1960. 288 p. Cleven’s study of the structure of the Bolivian govern- Aside from being a sone Amaveur ustonian, Manu’

ment greatbiography utility. Unfortunately . ystrustworthy . os oris a: pioneer atino,work andofhis ts thePatif only

it is a description of the government bureaucracy priorstudy : to th f major socjal welfare and economic plan- ©" the great tin magnate. The book, however, is rather o theand “i de. lo a t activit chaotic career. and episodic and ignores important aspectsin-of ning developmen y. PPatino’s In its effort to defend this famous

5541. Diaz Arguedas, Julio. Historia del dustrial leader, it often overstresses quite unnecesejército de Bolivia 1825-1932. La Paz, Satily his “heroic” and “moral” qualities.

1940. 785 p. 5548. Comité Boliviano de Investigacién del

This is the standard organizational history of the Boliv- Estano. El estano en Bolivia, 1935. La ian army by the nation’s leading military historian. Paz, 1935. 179 p. 5542. Duran Padilla, Manuel. La reforma A vital document on the condition of the tin industry universitaria en Bolivia. Oruro, 1961. 19,1235 written from primary company documents.

280 p. (Coleccion cultura 5). collection of statistics, material on company organiza-

The Argentine-originated university reform move- tion, etc.

ment had an early and important impact on Bolivia. ; ; ; ; Duran has written a good introduction to this theme 5549. Gomez Garcia, René, and Rubén

and has provided a good bibliography on the subject. Dario Flores. La banca nacional. La Paz,

5543. Paz, Luis. La Corte suprema de justi- 1962. 418 p. |

cia de Bolivia, su historia y su jurispru- Though it lacks major statistical analysis and the usual

dencia. citations, still most detailed history ne Sucre. , on Pp.1910. ——335 of scholarly banking in Boliviathis andis is thethe best book on the sub-

Luis Paz’ study of the Bolivian Supreme Court is, like ject,

all of his work, well researched and well written. It is . ;

the standard history of the court inthe nineteenth cen- 5550. Klein, Herbert S. American oil com-

tury. panies in Latin America: the Bolivian 5544. Reyeros, Rafael A. Historia de la edu- experience. I[ABA. v. 18, 1964: 47-72. | cacion en Bolivia de la independencia a Bojivia: along with a general survey of the Bolivian la revolucion federal. La Paz, 1952. petroleum industry until World War II. The notes of

474 p. this article contain a survey of the rather extensive

Reyeros is an able social historian and has written in} pamphlet literature on this subject, which is without

S518 SINCE INDEPENDENCE question the most thoroughly written about in Bolivian econdomico 4).

economic development. Written by the foreign economists of CEPAL, this

. . well-researched and documented study is the prime

5551. Klein, Herbert S. The creation of the source for the analysis of contemporary Bolivian so-

Patino tin empire. IAEA. v. 19, 1965: ciety. It covers in great sophistication and with a

3-23. wealth of statistical detail all aspects of the Bolivian

This is the only detailed study so far undertaken on economy from 1930 to 1956. As such, it is the very

Patifio’s economic activities. It analyzes the develop- _ best of a long Series of reports, uneven in quality, that ment of his Bolivian tin holdings from his first mine were produced in the 1940's. and early 1950’s on the purchase in 1894 until his creation of the giant Patifio Bolivian economy and society by the United Nations, Mines and Enterprises Consolidated Inc. in 1924. I.L.O., and United States government agencies.

5552. Lopez Rivas, Eduardo. Esquema de la 5558. United Nations. Economic Commission

historia econémica de Bolivia. Oruro, for Latin America. Development of 1955. 203 p. illus. (Universidad Técnica _— agriculture in Bolivia. Mexico, 1951. 103

de Oruro. Departamento de Extensién p. (United Nations document. E/CN-12/

Cultural. Biblioteca de estudios econ6- 218). . micos 2) A brief historical sketch and an analysis of conditions

A simple but extremel useful compilation of statistics 0” the eve of the 1952 revolution. Included here as an on the economy of Bolivia between 1900 and 1950 example of the studies mentioned above. [C.C.G.]

covering such items as yearly data on imports, ex- 5559. Walle, Paul. Bolivia, its people and its ports, annual budgets anc public debt, tin production —_ resources, its railways, mines, and rubber

Pee NEUTCS, s IS . forests. B. Miall, tr. N.Y., 1914. 407 p.

5553. Marsh, Margaret C. The bankers in map.

Bolivia: a study in American foreign in- This French study covers in depth the Bolivian ecovestment. N.Y., 1928. 233 p. maps, bibl. nomy, government, and society at the turn of the cen-

An excellently researched study of U.S. investments tury and is the best of a number of such general guides in Bolivia, primarily in the late 1910’s andearly 1920’s. | Published by Europeans in the early 1900's. Together Tr. into Spanish, this book has been extensively used | With the Schurz work, this study offers a comprehen-

by Bolivian authors. sive survey of Bolivia at the time of the first great , a tin boom under the earliest Liberal governments.

5554. Paz Estenssoro, Victor. Bolivia. In

L. Roque Gondra, et al. El pensamiento 5. Society economico _ latinoamericano. México, ; 1945. p. 36-69. 5560. Alexander, Robert J. Organized labor

An economist in his own right, Paz Estenssoro’s arti- and the Bolivian national revolution. /n cle is the only study on nineteenth: and twentieth Special research seminar on comparative

ratroduction to the subject. thought and is a usetu labor movements, Washington, D.C.

. . 1959-1960. National labor movements in

5555. Rojas, Casto. Historia financiera de the postwar world. Everett M. Kassalow,

Bolivia. La Paz, 1916.421 p. — ed. Evanston, 1963. p. 169-184.

One of the classics of Bolivian historiography and Alexander’s article is especially valuable for its coverunquestionably the most skilled single monograph in age of the complex worker government post-1952 de-

Bolivian economic history, Casto Rojas’s study covers _ velopments, though the situation of Bolivian labor has government financial history from the founding of the changed drastically since the fall of the MNR in 1964.

republic to 1879. It contains a mine of information and a, . ee

statistics on public finance. 5561. Alvarez, Moises. La organizacion sin-

_ _ dical en Bolivia. BMT. no. 1, 1937:

5556. Schurz, William L. Bolivia: a commer- 35-48.

cial and industrial handbook. Washing- 4 general survey of the labor movement.

ton *Speniat Avcnts roves 208), 5562. Averanga Mollinedo, Asthenio. AspecSchurz’s firsthand survey of Bolivia is an excellent 1 poneraes de la P oblacion boliviana.

study of economic conditions in the period 1900- a Paz, | 6. 113 p. illus. .

1920. It is especially useful for the great detail it _ 4veranga Mollinedo, who is a fully trained demogprovides on national and foreign companies operating apher, has written the only demographic history of

in Bolivia at the time. Bolivia. Basing himself on the only two reliable repub-

lican censuses, those of 1900 and 1950, he recon5557. United Nations. Economic Commis- _ structs a highly accurate account of national and major sion for Latin America. El] desarrollo eco- urban centers population from 1825 to 1950. This rees oe te construction is based on standard demographic techNOMIcoO de Bolivia. Mexico, 1958. 301 p. niques and presents estimates for every year of repub-

(Analisis y proyecciones del desarrollo _ lican history.

BOLIVIA 519

5563. Balcazar, Juan M. Historia de la one of the very few such studies ever done by Boliv-

medicina en Bolivia. La Paz, 1956.721 p. ‘4°: A rapid though reasonably thorough study with some 5570. Flores, Edmundo. Taraco: monografia

vlan ial wedical hictory in Boles onmedi- — de_un latifundio del altiplano boliviano, a TE. v. 22, no. 2, abr.jun., 1955: 2095564. Baptista Gumucio, Mariano. Revolu- 730.

cionyy 5571. universidad en Bolivia. La Paz, . Goins, John F. Law

as1961: a means to 1956, 166 P. , hange. JIAS, v. 3, Jan., 53-70 The Bolivian student movement has played a vital change. »V. 5,Jan., | . . part in national politics ever since the 1920’s. The One of the few sophisticated studies done on the lowmost radical intellectual vanguard in the nation, it was and Quechuan population of Bolivia. It is an analysis also one of the most effective political pressure groups of the village of Huayculi in the Cochabamba valley.

and was the actual instigator of the popular revolts of ‘ e

1930 and 1946. This is the only full-length study on 5572. deat’ Frank jeuer. © Bok peeve a the subject and is therefore of some utility; however, medieval survival on the bolivian altiBaptista Gumucio is not a good historian and the work plano. EG. v. 26, Jan., 1950:37-S0.

as a whole leaves much to be desired. The Flores and Keller articles present the best avail. , . . able detailed studies of life on a prereform highland 5565. Barcelli S., Agustin. Medio siglo de estate. The Taraco estate is particularly interesting luchas. sindicales revolucionarias en __ historically because it was established in the early Bolivia, 1905-1955. La Paz, 1956. 336 p. part of this century by the Liberal president Ismael

illus.. bibl Montes through his forceful seizure of free Indian

Barcelli’s history of the Bolivian labor movement, community lands.

though rather polemical, is the best source on this 5573. La Barre, Weston. The Aymara Intopic. It is accurate in most of the essential details and dians of the Lake Titicaca Plateau. Bocovers of the major developments. livia.WIS., M ha. Wi250 9 ,)p.’illus., field, theall forthcoming three-volume history of In the this Via. same iwkenosna, 1948. working classes of Bolivia by Guillermo Lora prom- bibl. (Memoir series of the American ises to break entirely new ground. The first volume Anthropological Association 68). is a richly documented study of Bolivian labor in the La Barre’s ethnographic survey of the highland

nineteenth century. Aymara of Bolivia has become a classic in its field.

os . This should be complemented with the general survey

5566. Bolivia. Laws, statutes, etc. Legisla- on the Aymara by Harry S. Tschopik in v. 2 of the cion boliviana del indio: recopilaci6n de Handbook of South American Indians and by the resoluciones, Ordenes, decretos, leyes, studies of William F. Carter on Aymara community

decretos supremos y otras disposiciones °'8anization.

legales, 1825-1953, por José Flores 5574. Leonard, Olen E. Bolivia: land, people

Moncayo. La Paz, 1953. 518 p. and institutions. Washington, 1952. 297

A crucial compilation of republican legislation con- p. illus., bibl.

cerning the Indian. A truly pioneer study by a leading U.S. rural so-

ee . ciologist, this is the first scientific evaluation of the

5567. Bolivia. Laws, statutes, etc. Legisla- Structure of Bolivian society. Its major defect is that ese social La Paz, 1957. precededand the appearance the first modern census p. ofboliviana. Bolivia (that ofit1950) the richofdemographic and Abraham Maldonaldo’s collection of Bolivian social Statistical studies that have been carried on since then. legislation covers a tremendous area of government Nevertheless, its formidable research and sophisti-

dra go t of th ly 1920's. . . activity going back to the first social laws of the Saave- cated analysis have yet to be surpassed.

ra Boveramen . vary - ee 5575. McBride, George M. The agrarian

5568. Canelas Lopez, René. El sindicalismo Indian communities of highland Bolivia.

yno. los35, sindicatos en Bolivia. RJC. can ano 8,Geographical N.Y., 1921. 27 p.Society. illus., maps. (Amerijun., 1946: 44-82. Research

Discusses the various political-labor radical move- series 5). ments before and after the Chaco War. An invaluable study of independent property-owning 5569. Capriles Rico, Remberto, and Gastén Indian agrarianItcommunities in Bolivia by a famous , . ort merican geographer. is the best analysis ye Arduz Eguia. El problema social “0 written on the changing patterns of property holding Bolivia. roe ctones de vida y detrabajo. of these communities in the nineteenth and early

a raz, . p. twentieth centuries.

A government report made up by two officials of the . : : 5 Ministry of Labor, this is a quick but accurate cover- 5576. Orbigny, Alcide Dessalines d’. El hom

age of the social conditions of the popular classes bre americano, considerado en sus asthroughout the various regions of the republic. It is pectos fisiol6gicos y morales. Alfredo

520 SINCE INDEPENDENCE Cepeda, tr. B.A., 1944. 411 p. the Spanish emigré intellectual who was the private

The classic study by the famous French naturalist of | secretary of Andrés Santa Cruz. This is the first study

the culture, population, and distribution of the by the Mesa couple in their proposed series of major Amerindians of Bolivia and surrounding territory in studies on nineteenth-century literature, art, and the 1820’s and 1830's. This is a translation from the architecture.

1839 Paris edition. 5583. Montenegro, Carlos. Nacionalismo y

5577. Paredes, Manuel R. Mitos, supersti- coloniaje, su expresiOn historica en la ciones y supervivencias populares de prensa de Bolivia. 3. ed. La Paz, 1953. Bolivia. 3. ed. La Paz, 1963. 309 p. 213 p. illus. (Biblioteca pacefnia). Paredes was Bolivia’s leading expert on folklore. This | Montenegro’s nationalism book was the major theo-

.;....

volume, first published in 1920, is one of his most retical work of the MNR. It surveys Bolivian history important general surveys of the subject. Author of around the themes of nationalism and antinationalism, innumerable studies on folklore and provincial de- the latter being defined as subservience to the oli-

velopment. garchy and the imperialists. First published in 1943,

this work is more important for its point of view than 5578. Reyeros, Rafael A. El pongucaje. la for its historical research or understanding.

servidumbre personal de los indios boli- a,

vianos. La Paz, 1949. 282 p 5584. Navarro, Gustavo A. [Tristan Marof,

Pongueaje was the special term used to define the pseud.]|. La tragedia del altiplano. B.A., dependency relationship of a landless Indian estate 1935. 222 p. worker to the owner of the estate. Reyeros, in this A major piece of investigation in its own right and an essential book, covers the unique variations of this important work in creating the basic ideology of the pre-1953 system in all the different regions of the modern radical movements in Bolivia, Marof’s study republic. Nevertheless, despite its quality, this is no is both an analysis of the structure of Bolivian society more than an introduction to a tremendous area of and a program for its reform. Attacking the exploita-

social history that has yet to be explored. tion of the rural Indian masses and the domination by

segs the big tin miners, he proposed his famous radical

Andes, évolution des populations du ; ; ; hautplateau bolivien. Paris, 1963. 270 p 5585. Pan American Union. Letters Section.

5579. Vellar d, Jehan A. Civilisations des slogan of “‘lands to the Indians, mines to the State.”’

illus Diccionario de la literatura latinoameri-

A thoughtful survey of the Aymara altiplano commu- Cana. Bolivia. Washington, 1958. 12] p. nities since the 1953 agrarian reform. Together with A Vital research aid that contains a biography, critical the earlier work of La Barre, this provides the best evaluation, and bibliography by and about every major

analysis of the Bolivian Aymara population. Bolivian writer, past and present. This publication was primarily compiled by Augusto Guzman.

6. Culture 5586. Salinas, José Maria. Historia de la . . Universidad Mayor de San 5580. Francovich, Guillermo. El pensaay Andrés. La

boliv; | siol Méxi Paz, 1949. 2 v. illus.

miento boliviano en e SIS O XX. NEEXICO, ~~ Founded at La Paz in 1830 by Santa Cruz, the Uni-

1956. 170 p. (Coleccion Tierra firme. versidad Mayor de San Andrés is presently Bolivia’s Historia de las ideas en América). most important university, having displaced the uniThis is an excellent survey of Bolivian political and versity at Sucre from this position in the early twensocial thought in the twentieth century. Francovich — tieth century. Salinas’s book is the only history of the discusses the major ideological currents that have in- | university and includes a full set of the primary docufluenced Bolivian intellectuals and the resulting unique © Mentation concerning the university as well as a nar-

Bolivian expressions of these international currents. rative of its major developments.

5581. Guzman, Augusto. La novela en 5587. Tamayo, Franz. Creacion de la pedaBolivia, proceso 1847-1954. La Paz, gogia nacional. 2. ed. La Paz, 1944. 226

1955. 180 p. p. (Biblioteca boliviana. 2 ser. v. 5).

An extremely handy study of all the major Bolivian First published as a series of articles in E/ Diario in novels. There is a short evaluation and analysis of 1910, this pioneering work stresses the essentially each plot and a grouping of novels by major categories ndian nature and non-Western origin of Bolivian na-

of style and theme. tional character and sees it as a positive advantage

; over superimposed Spanish culture. This work re-

5582. Mesa, José de, and Teresa Gisbert. presents a completely opposed view to Arguedas’s

José Joaquin de Mora, secretario de Pueblo enfermo, and has been the basic source of Mariscal Andrés de Santa Cruz. La Paz twentieth-century Bolivian indigenista thought.

1965. 99 p. bibl. (Academia Nacional de _—

cultura). Political Institutions:

Ciencias de Bolivia. Serie Ciencias de la 7. Attempts to Estab lish Viable

A detailed analysis of the neglected literary work of 1825—1879

BOLIVIA 521

5588. Aponte, José Manuel. La batalla de This quite isolated classic study of the population of Ingavi, 2. ed. La Paz, 1911. xxx, 334p. 2 Roiivian in the nineteenth century, An able demos. The Ingavi defeat of the invading Peruvian armies by grapher for his time, Dalence compiled an absolutely the Bolivians is considered a major turning point in indispensable collection of demographic, economic, early national history in that it marks the end of serious d ‘al d Bolivi d subj . . amalgamation attempts on the part of the two repub- 20 SO0t1a ata on Bolivia and subjected this material lics. Aponte’s book is a detailed study of the back- to fairly sophisticated analysis. Thus he has statistics ground to the battle, the battle itself, and the post-1841 mates, utban ru r Adistribution, haat y sinmajon citi . q

negotiations. and even attempts to estimate the rate of growth of

5589. Aramayo, Félix A. Apuntes sobre el _ the population based on estimates for 1831 and 1847.

estado industrial, econédmico y _ politi- ar from this ne compiled important data on €co-

co de Bolivia. Sucre, 1871. 233 p. P ; 5 SO

This semiautobiographical study by Bolivia’s first 5595. Gutiérrez, Alberto. El melgarejismo silver magnate of the modern era is a vital document. antes y después de Melgarejo. La Paz, It covers the political history of Bolivia from the 1916. 432 p

1830's to the late 1860's giving the author’s political Gutiérrez’s book contains a rapid and not very soattitude toward this period and his various involve- dictatorship, hist; arr “TYand , . phisticated sketch of the Melgarejo

ments. It also contains his acute judgments on the inen his analysis of the phenomenon of ‘“melgareeconomy of Bolivia, which are of prime importance. jismo.” This famous “theory” is a rather simplistic

5590. Campero, Narciso. Recuerdos de attempt to categorize the type of political atmosphere regreso de Europa a Bolivia y retiro a that supports an arbitrary ruler like Melgarejo. His Tacna del dei G General IN.C lan veryenprofound conclusion is that is opportunistic IN. not Campero el ano politics without ideals whichitmakes such dictators

1865. Paris, 1874. 347 p. possible. A well-balanced and carefully researched

A crucial primary account by General Campero, the study of Melgarejo still needs to be carried out.

future president, of his reaction to Melgarejo and his ; wwe 7 ss involvement in the complex political intrigues of the 5596. Guzman, Alcibiades. ‘‘Los Colorados

period. de Bolivia. La Paz, 1919. 428 p. 1805-1852: estampas historicas. B.A., ; a . 1960. 257 p. 5597. Iturricha, Agustin. Historia de Bolivia

5591. Carrasco, Manuel. José- Ballividn, Thisrevolts is an important and detailed study of the civil ee wars and from 1857 to 1880. Carrasco’s biography is based on previously unstud- bajo la administraci6n del Mariscal An-

ied and unpublished letters of Ballivian, who, after drés Santa Cruz. 2. ed. Sucre, 1920. Sucre and Santa Cruz, was the most important of the 933 p. cary presiential nation bulleers. vie as Di0g Iturricha’s heavily documented preliminary study of

raphies, Carrasco’s study is a far from definitive wor _ ; : . :

and has been criticized for its failure to consult Balli- the Santa the politic it the period. Untortanace Wy the vian manuscripts in the University of La Paz collec- proposed second volume of this study was never com-

Hon. pleted and the work lacks both an important amount

5592. Cortés, Manuel J. Ensayo sobre la _ of primary material and a proper synthesis of the docu-

historia de Bolivia. Sucre, 1861. 316 p. ments.

Considered the first history of the republic ever writ- 5598. O’Connor, Francisco B. Indepenten, Cortés’s study still is of importance for its survey dencia americana: recuerdos. La Paz

of the governments to 1857. Thereand are also some in-as 915. teresting chapters on education legislation, I . 46 2p.";° ? well as useful scattered statistical information. A vital memoir written in the 1860’s and not published until 1915, this is the most important autobiography

5593. Crespo Rodas, Alfonso. Santa Cruz,el written on the early years of the republic (to 1839).

céndor indio. México, 1944. 344 p. The author was an Irishman who joined Bolivar’s

(Coleccién Tierra army, fought a general in oe —— the firme) republican armyatofAyacucho, Bolivia.and Hebecame held high com-

Crespo’s biography of Santa Cruz is the best survey mands under Sucre and Santa Cruz and played a leadof Bolivia’s great nineteenth-century president. This is ing part in the War of the Confederation. All of this still far from a definitive study, however, and barely period is evoked by O’Connor in his memoir, and the touches qghiehts ned ia that “bo exceedingly resulting is aand mine of primary complextheand had a ora profound impact both nationally «4, 1work litical military hist information f Bolivia. on

and throughout South America. Though the Institute © cally Polmcal anc mary lustory oF sola of Historical Research of La Paz has beguntosponsor 5§99, Orbigny, Alcides Dessalines d’. Viaje a series of studies on Santa Cruz and his period that wor - 4: should appear shortly, this still remains the great un- a la america meridional. Alfredo Cepeda,

explored area of early republican history. tr. B.A., 1945. 3 V. illus. , . yo. Volume three of this series contains Orbigny’s account 5594. Dalence, Jose M. Bosquejo estadistico of his famous expedition to Bolivia in the late 1820's

de Bolivia. Chuquisaca, 1851. 391 p. and early 1830’s and is translated from the 1844

$22 SINCE INDEPENDENCE

ind d ; ’ , , ;

French edition. This is without question the classic 5604, Campuzano, Severino. Psicologia de travel account and of prime utility in understanding los gobernantes. La Paz [1922]. 343 p.

the condition of the nation in its first turbulent years of map ,

mnespen woe ; Despite its title, this book is an extremely important

5600. René-Moreno, Gabriel. Anales de la — study of the life and government of General Campero

prensa boliviana: Matanzas de Yanez 4ndreprints important documents of the period.

1861-1862. Santiago de Chile, 1886. 5605. Condarco Morales, Ramiro. Zarate,

499 p. . - a el ““Temible” Willka. Historia de la This extraordinary study is a brilliant exercise in his- rebelién indigena de 1899. La Paz, 1965. torical research. eventsPp. 505 pv. ill DID!. bibl ° , , leading up to the René-Moreno massacre in Lareconstructs Paz of somethe seventy 1MUS.,

supporters of Belzt by the local military commander This study of the Indian rebellion that accompanied Col. Placido YAfiez. He covers the subject by going the recera revo ang was, subsequently Suppressed into a detailed analysis of the local newspapers and 3 maior breakthrough in Bolivian historical scholar.

ore poverage of the event, care What they hed te its sophisticated use of primary materials and archival say. The prime importance of this study is not the research. It also contains an excellent bibliography.

elucidation of this unimportant if rather bloody affair, 5606. Costa du Rels, Adolfo. Félix Avelino

but as an example of sophisticated historical research, 4 _

ers >never imitated. - Pp. US.leader of A good biography of the second-generation which, unfortunately, René-Moreno’s Bolivian read- ie 393 y Fn epoca, 1846-1929. B.A.,

5601. Sanjinés, Jenaro. Apuntes para la his- the Aramayo mining family, it covers important detoria de Bolivia bajo la administracién velopments in the Conservative and early Liberal pe-

del jeneral D. Agustin Morales. 2. ed. 4.

La Paz, 1898. 263 p. 5607. Gutiérrez, Alberto. La guerra de 1879.

A detailed study of the fall of Melgarejo and of the Paris, 1912. 288 p.

short-term Morales government that followed, with The only major work from the Bolivian side on the heavy emphasis on the Congress of 1871 and its con- War of the Pacific. Neither well documented nor prostitutional work. There is an important appendix of found in its coverage, this work is essentially a defense

parliamentary documents of the period. of Bolivia as a victim of Chilean aggression. For any

5602. Sotomavor y Valdés. Ramon. Estudio SPe*t of the war, the best studies are the classic Chilh; or ry Bolivia b ’, | d nist ean and Peruvian works of Barros Arana, Bulnes, Paz istorico de bolivia bajo la administra- — goidan, etc. The entire Pacific War period is a major

cion del jeneral D. Jose Maria de unexplored era of Bolivian history.

Acha ... Santiago de Chile, 1874. s¢og. Guzman, Augusto. Baptista, biografia 554 p. . | de un orador politico. 2. ed. La Paz, Sotomayor Valdés was diplomatic representative of 1957. 156

Chile in Bolivia and lived through much of the history on Pp. .

he writes about. Despite its limited title, this book is Baptista was the sounder mee onservative party considered by all scholars to be the classic source on th: td cy vated Bol; ort fr sta 880 to 1930 A Lelligne the n sto ry os the republic trom its estadishmen t to orator and parliamentarian, he had a major impact on

the ’s. It contains not only acute political analyses a , .

of the early yeas, but also a good deal of economic {He Peieal style of both the Conservative an Liberal and demogra phic data as well as biographies of the study of the man. There also exists a biography by a

leading political figures of this period. contemporary Luis Paz. written in 1908. 5603. Sotomayor y Valdés, Ramon. La lega- 5609. Prudencio Bustillo, Ignacio. La vida y

cion de Chile en Bolivia desde setiembre la obra de Aniceto Arce. 2. ed. La Paz

de 1867 hastade principios 1871. 399 2. ed. 7h 1951. Santiago Chile,de1912. oe229 P-ore | ’ 80 ¢ » 1714. 977 P- . Aniceto Arce was the most powerful of a series of

One half of this book contains an invaluable eyewit- quality men who rose to the presidency during the ness account of the fall of the Acha regime and the Conservative era. The nation’s leading miner and most first years of the Melgarejo period by this acute Chil- a-dent railroad supporter, his administration was the ean observer. The second half of the work reprints tost dynamic in the second half of the nineteenth cendiplomatic documents on Chilean-Bolivian relations tury. Fortunately, Arce has had the service of an ex-

of the period. cellent biographer, for Prudencio Bustillo’s study is one of the best of its genre ever written in Bolivia. ; we cues 5610. Soria Galvarro, Rodolfo. Ultimos dias 8. Economic and Political Stabilization; del gobierno Alonso 1 ed. Potosi. 1920

The Conservative Oligarchy: 1880-1899 224 p

Soria Galvarro has written an important work on the

(See also Part VII, A) origins of the Federal Revolution of 1899 as well as

ti t. ° ,

BOLIVIA $23

providing an analysis and defense of the last Con- duction to modern Bolivian history.

sO BON 5616. Cornejo S., Alberto. Programas poli9. The Liberal Era and the Rise of Tin: ticos de Bolivia. Cochabamba, 1949.

1899-1932 392 p.

An indispensable collection of the party programs and

5611. Alvéstegui, David. Salamanca, su platforms of all the leading political parties of Bolivia. gravitacién sobre el destino del Bolivia. ! begins with the Liberal program of the 1880's and

La v covers theoftraditional parties of the twentieth cen; 9Paz. ow 1957-1962. Ns — tury3as well asallall the major post-Chaco War group-

Basing his work on the private diaries and corre- ings until the mid-1940’s. spondence of Salamanca, Alvéstegui has written a . powerful biography of this extraordinarily introverted 5617. Deheza, José A. El gran presidente. La

and bitterly controversial political leader. A dynamic Paz, n.d. xxxvil, 282 p. politician, Salamanca almost singlehandedly created This is the only full-scale study of the dominant leader an opposition to the Liberal party and was the leading of the Liberal era, Ismael Montes. Written around opponent to the Republican party governments of the —_1 999, it is essentially a type of campaign biography of

1920's. Finally taking power in 1930 he was deliber- —jittle utility aside from its reprinting of the speeches ately to lead the nation-into the ill-fated Chaco War. and writings of Montes and some biographical data. These three volumes take Salamanca up to his first The only other study of Montes is a defense of his months in the presidency. A final volume on the war government in 1918 by Casto Rojas, which is also not government will complete the series. While v. 3 has 4 serious investigation. This whole vitally important not maintained the high standards set in the earlier | iberal era, in fact, is the great unexplored area of convolumes, the work as a whole is undoubtedly the best temporary Bolivian history, despite the existence of

such study in Bolivian historiography. what is undoubtedly the richest collection of news5612. Ascarrunz, Moisés. El partido liberal paper, government, and pamphlet sources for any pe-

en el poder a través de los mensajes "04 in national history.

presidenciales. La Paz, [1917]. 2 v. 5618. Rolén Anaya, Mario. Politica y partiAn extremely useful collection of the presidential ad- dos en Bolivia. La Paz, 1966. 587 p. bibl.

dresses of the Liberal presidents. This is a major work in many ways. To begin with, it

: as ota contains all the political party programs and platforms

Sor. Azeul, Be ae Re ToS Te from the mid-1940’s until the post-MNR breakdown € las Campanas del vcre -1€4 in the mid-1960’s, and was deliberately organized as a Paz, 1925. 142 p. illus., maps. companion work to the Cornejo-party documents colAzcui’s study is the most complete history, from the lection. Aside from this the author has an excellent

Bolivian side, of the Acre conflicts that led to the de- _ bibliography on Bolivian parties and important primary

feat of Bolivian arms and the annexation of the vast data on the host of splinter groupings that grew up in eastern lowlands territory by Brazil. The book con- the period just before and after the MNR 1952 Revotains good maps and a well-selected collection of lution. Finally in his general remarks the author ex-

official documents. hibits a knowledge of contemporary political science . . and political sociology literature previously unknown

5614. Carrasco, Benigno. Hernando Siles. to the overwhelming majority of Bolivian intellectuals.

La Paz, 1961. 414 p. illus. Rather chaotically written, but nevertheless an ex- 10. The Chaco War and the Rise of

tremely important work, Carrasco’s biography covers the Revolutionary Left:

in great detail the political career of Siles. It is espe- 1932-

cially useful in its careful analysis of the great struggles

in the early 1920’s between Salamanca and Saavedra (See also Part VII, A)

that led to the splintering of the Republican party. A second volume will carry the analysis beyond Siles’s 5619. . Alexander, Robert J. The Bolivian

rise to the presidency after his own conflict with national revolution. New Brunswick,

Saavedra, the point at which this volume ends. Of the N.J., 1958. 302 p. illus., map. major political leaders of the period 1900-1932, Though written at the height of the early enthusiasm Montes and Saavedra are the only ones who still lack for the MNR-led revolution and therefore somewhat

competent biographical studies. uncritical, this is still the best introduction to the Rev-

P . os olution of 1952 and the early dynamic years of the

5615. Cespedes, Augusto. El dictador suicida MNR regime. No major studies have yet appeared (40 anos de historia de Bolivia). Santiago on the post-1952 period, though a host of native and de Chile, 1956. 254 p. (Colecciédn Amé- foreign scholars are working on various aspects of the

rica nuestra). National Revolution.

Controversial, brilliantly written, this is a work fullof 5620. Arze Loureiro, Eduardo. Actitudes

insight on the history of Bolivia from 1900 to 1940. : . . Novelist, intellectual, and early postwar radical, sociales relativas a la reforma agraria en

Céspedes’s study is half eyewitness account (especially Bolivia. ECS. ano 3, nos. 1, 2, y 3, sep., vital for its primary information on the Busch regime) 1960-mar., 1961: 29-40. and half interpretive history. It is an essential intro- Arze Loureiro was president of the Consejo Nacional

524 SINCE INDEPENDENCE de la Reforma Agraria. In this article he presents an dential term were published.

important and particularly perceptive overview of the , . .

origins of the agrarian reform and the ideology of its 5626. Garcia, Antonio. La reforma agraria y

operation.. no. el desarrollo social 339-387. de Bolivia, TE. v. 31, 123, 1964:

S621. Arze Quiroga, peuareo: ed. pod Unquestionably the most sophisticated critique and mentos para una istoria de la gueira €i analysis yet undertaken of the development of the Chaco: seleccionados del archivo de agrarian reform in Bolivia. This is the best single work Daniel Salamanca. La Paz, 1951-1960. fromarather large but generally useless literature. rhnis V- 18S MAPS. collection and a model of 30277 Kieim» Herbert David Toro a sdited Oriluantly edited collection and a model o S.° CAAT onand Bsthe9 its kind. Gathered from the rich collection of Salaman- establishment ne R Minar y eae ;

ca’s personal papers it contains a vast amount of in- In BOllvia. - vz. » Peo., :

ternal memoranda between Salamanca and his ob- 25-52. _

streperous generals that provide crucial insights into An analysis of the first post-Chaco War military gov-

the Bolivian conductsystem. of the Chaco ernmentbibliographical and its impact on the survey traditionalof police , party AWar. detailed the

3622. Balcazar, J yan M. Los problemas SO- period will be found in the extensive footnotes. This ciales en Bolivia, una mistificacidn dema- study js part of a forthcoming larger work on the gogica: la ‘‘massacre’’ de Catavi. La Paz, origins of the National Revolution of 1952.

1947. 133 p. 5628. Kundt, Hans. Campana del Chaco.

This is a detailed and rather weak defense of the very Ed. y introd. de Raul Tovar Villa. La important Catavi mine massacre of 1942, by the then Pp ° 1961 187

minister of labor in the Pefiaranda government. The az, : ?P. . .

massacre produced a flood of pamphlet literature in 40 important collection of writings by Kundt giving a

the 1940's, especially by such radicals as Ricardo long defense of his actions as head of the Bolivian Anaya, Victor Paz Estenssoro, and Tristan Marof, army during the Chaco War.

| es A _ p. |

most of which were essentially reprints of the famous ° Z . o_

parliamentary debates that occurred over this and 7020. vor a, Guillermo, Jose Aguirre oan

related issues of the Penaranda government. coe undador dei F.U.N. La raz, 5623. Bolivia. Subsecretaria de Prensa, In Lora, presently head of the POR, has written an exformaciones y Cultura. El libro blanco de cellent political biography of the founder of this Trotla independencia economica de Bolivia. skyite labor party and one of the leading younger

La Paz, 1952. 188the p. Marxian intellectuals in the 1920’sany andattempt 1930’s. It to is . also only study that has made

, wre ioee a g Op la _reforma analyze the complex history of the radical movements agrarla. az,government . . before andpublications after the Chaco These two areWar. absolutely . - . vital document collections on the immediate back- 5630. Lora, Guillermo. La revolucion boli-

ground and terms of the nationalization of the tin viana: analisis critico. La Paz, 1964. mines and the Agrarian Reform law. Along with the 408 p. legal materials and government memoranda, these This is the only systematic critique of the MNR and

“white books” also reprint important speeches by its handling of the National Revolution from the left. Boyer leaders giving the philosophy behind Written by Bolivia’s leading labor historian as well as

these developments. her leading Trotskyite politician and one of her more

s . lems raised by - -

5624. Diaz Arguedas, Julio. Como fue de- rire rened by that curious blend of middle-class radi rrocado el hombre simbolo, Salamanca: cals and labor leaders of which the old MNR was

La Paz, 1957. 344 p. . -

un capitulo de la guerra con el Paraguay. made.

A well-written study of the military coup that over- 5631. Ostria Gutierrez, Alberto. Una obra y threw the Salamanca government during the Chaco un destino: la politica internacional de War, providing important biographical materials on Bolivia después de la guerra del Chaco.

. . major Sou .

the leading figures in the event. 2. ed. rev. B.A., 1953. 450 p. maps.

5625. Fellmann Velarde, José. Victor Paz Ostria SunerreZ was both ambassador 10 sever a Estenssoro: el hombre y la revolucion. 2. (so “affairs in the period of which he writes. His

ed. La Paz, 195 5. 280 Pp. study of the complex development of postwar foreign

The standard campaign biography written by aclose policy is well written and well documented and is follower and one-time minister of education in the the best study in Bolivian diplomatic history. It covers Paz government. Though uninformative, itis the only in great depth and sophistication the international full-length biography of this dominant figure of con- frontier and commercial treaties signed by Bolivia at temporary politics. In 1943, 1953, and 1955 major this time.

collections of the ‘‘Discursos y mensajes” of Paz for ; ,

the pperiod from the late 1930’s through his first presi- 5632. Ostria Gutiérrez, Alberto. Una re-

CHILE 525

volucion tras los Andes. Santiago de miento Nacionalista Revolucionario,

Chile, 1944. 285 p. 1941-1952. La Paz, 1963. 293 p.

Along with the Zilveti Arce study, this is a major A rather biased and rapid history of the MNR from critique of the Villarroel government by one of the its founding under the Pefiaranda government until most able and articulate conservative political figures its definitive rise to power. The work is more an of the period. The third major contemporary attack apology than a history of the period, but it is the only on the Villarroel regime was a book by José Antonio full-length study on the party.

Arze. The common point of view of all these books . liance that replaced the Villarroel government. clay. Historia politica, diplomatica y 5633. Ostria Gutiérrez, Alberto. The tragedy militar de la guerra del Chaco. La Paz, of Bolivia: a people crucified. N.Y., 1965. 484 p. illus., maps, bibl.

presaged the formation of the PIR-Concordancia al- 5636. Querejazu Calvo, Roberto. Masama-

1958. 224 p. The flood of primary and secondary works on the

This is but one of a large number of works written by great Chaco War disaster continues unabated and this members of the traditional conservative parties at- 1S the most recent general survey of the topic. Though tacking the MNR revolutionary government of 1952, Ot of the quality of the Zook study, it is of utility in Violently anti-Communist, totally uninterested in the providing the latest Bolivian viewpoint of the war and reforms carried out, these books offer little critical the most up-to-date bibliography.

analysis of the events they describe. Their utility rests . ° : . 4

in their documentation of the actual political oppres- 5637. Toro Ruilova, David. Mi actuacion en

sion that did occur, especially under the first Paz la gueira del Chaco. La retirada de Pi-

Estenssoro government. cuiba. La Paz, 1941. 405 p. maps.

. soe Toro, later president of Bolivia, here gives an impas-

5634. Patch, Richard Ww. Bolivia: USS. aS- — sioned defense of his controversial leadership during

sistance ma revolutionary setting. I WH the Chaco War. The Picuiba campaign, which he iniCouncil on Foreign Relations. Social tiated and directed, was a total disaster for Bolivian

change in Latin America today. N.Y., arms.

1960. p. 108-176. 5638. Zilveti Arce, Pedro. Bajo el signo de la

An extremely thoughtful analysis of the major trends barbarie (matanzas de noviembre). Sanof National Revolution to 1960, well tiago de Chile. asthe anBolivian invaluable critique of the vitalasUnited States in- 1946. lag 4211 -A 11 Pp. . .

volvement in post-1952 developments. Also see the ‘42 important study of the fascist officer clique in the numerous reports of the American Universities Field “™Y known as the Logia Mariscal Santa Cruz and its Staff published by Patch on the Falange, general poli- //iance with the MNR in the overthrow of the Pefiatics, colonization, and postrevolution campesino de- "anda government in late 1943. It also covers the major velopments, which appeared in the late 1950’s and critical actions of the controversial Villarroel govern-

early 1960’s ment (1943-1946), which resulted from this minister alliance. _ ; ; The author is a forceful conservative and was 5635. Penaloza, Luis. Historia del Movi- — of government in the Pefiaranda administration.

J. Chile ROBERT N. BURR

Interest in historical studies in Chile was stimulated by its cultural-intellectual awakening of the 1840’s and was reflected both in the organic statute of the new University of Chile, which required the annual public reading of a historical discourse, and in a debate concerning the nature of history precipitated by one of the early papers. In that debate, Andrés Bello, the University’s rector, defined

the standards that were to prevail into the twentieth century, asserting that historians should avoid philosophizing and devote themselves to ascertaining facts from primary sources and presenting them in an orderly manner. Instruments to facilitate historical studies were subsequently created and sub-

$26 SINCE INDEPENDENCE stantive contributions to history were made during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Source materials became more easily accessible with the publication of such collections as Ahumada y Moreno’s nine volumes on the War of the Pacific (6809) and Valentin Letelier’s thirty-seven volumes of legislative documents (5673) and with the transformation of the Division of Manuscripts of the National

Library, established in 1885, into the Chilean National Archives in 1927. In 1902 the first comprehensive bibliography on Chilean history and geography by Anrique Reyes y Silva (184), containing a majority of items on the post-1830 period, was published in response to a contest sponsored by the University of Chile. In 1911, in the wake of the centenary of Chilean independence, the founding of the Sociedad Chilena de Historia y Geografia added impetus to historical studies and its Revista Chilena de Historia y Geografia remained the major journal in the field until it was joined in 1933 by the Boletin of the newly formed Academia Chilena de la Historia. While the disciplinary foundation of historical studies was growing, pride in Chile’s orderly development and in its victories in international conflicts stimulated concentration upon immediate post-1830 history. Prolific Benjamin Vicuna Mackenna published a documented biography of Diego Portales (5724) and Ra-

mon Sotomayor y Valdés completed a significant four-volume study of the Portalian era (5722). Diego Barros Arana concluded a monumental Historia general de Chile (8721) with a volume and a half devoted to the early 1830’s and then pushed on beyond Vicuna and Sotomayor to deal with the administration of President Bulnes (5714). Gonzalo Bulnes wrote an excellent diplomatic-military history, Guerra del Pacifico (6814). Chilean historians of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries wrote narrative, factual history and biography centered upon political and military themes and their professional controversies reflected political struggles over implemen-

tation of the ideals of nineteenth-century Chilean liberalism. While the same themes have continued to preoccupy historians, the trend since the 1920’s has been increasingly to penetrate beneath political struggles to the economic, social,

and intellectual realities of the past. Although stimulated by influences from abroad, including the modern social sciences, this trend was basically a response to two post-World War I developments. First, changes in the traditional order in Chile produced serious economic and social problems and political and ideological

conflict, which focused the attention of the historians on themes that had not interested their predecessors. Second, growing nationalism stimulated a desire to

find the essence of the Chilean experience and to contribute to making Chile strong through an understanding of the lessons of the past.

Since the 1920’s, the dimensions of Chilean historical studies have been expanded by the investigation of neglected themes related to contemporary problems, by the treatment of traditional topics in broader perspective, by revisionist movements and by the strengthening of the institutional base for social science research. The first general economic history of Chile was published by Daniel Martner in 1923 (5763) in the effort to comprehend contemporary financial problems. To explain the political crisis that led to the dictatorship of Carlos Ibanez, Alberto Edwards Vives examined the role of a social class, the Chilean aristocracy (5657). Social history attracted both Domingo Amunategui Solar (870) and Guillermo Feliu Cruz (5776). Traditional political themes were developed with more sophistication and in greater depth by Ricardo Donoso, who probed the influence of

CHILE 527 political ideas (5715), and Jaime Eyzaguirre, who delineated the history of a presidential administration within the context of Chilean economic and social life (5731).

A revisionism that sought fundamentally to reorient historical studies reflected the triple influence of foreign ideas, domestic conflict, and growing nationalism. Focal points of this revisionism were Francisco A. Encina and Julio Cesar Jobet Burquez, representing respectively aristocratic and Marxist values. In 1935, ina study of Chilean historiography (5647), Encina, influenced by the intuitive philosophy of Bergson, denounced Chilean historians as mere compilers of facts and

demanded evocation of the form and meaning of the Chilean experience. His nationalistic twenty-volume Historia de Chile (874) became a best seller, and although heatedly criticized for his subordination of facts to intuition and style, Encina’s contribution to nineteenth-century economic and social history was a significant one. Jobet in an essay on Chilean historiography in 1949 (5646), pointing to the fact that Chilean history had been written by members or retainers of a small governing oligarchy, insisted that ‘“‘the history written by our best historians has always

served solely to strengthen the pretensions of a class and to assure its position.”’ Asserting that “‘the motor force of history is the struggle of the social classes,” he

called upon the new generation both to investigate the social and economic realities of the past and to create the conditions necessary for a true democracy in Chile. In 1951 he provided a valuable model to advance these views in his Ensayo critico del desarrollo econémico social de Chile (5661).

Historical studies were also enriched by the University of Chile’s attempt, beginning in the 1950’s, to contribute to the solution of national problems through

the establishment of research centers in the social sciences. Research for the important contributions to the history of land tenure made by the geographer Jean Borde and the historian Mario Gongora (872) was sponsored by the Instituto de Sociologia. Useful data for historians were published by the Instituto de Econo-

mia, which also sponsored Claudio Véliz’s model study in economic history (5768). Outstanding in the field of history was the Centro de Investigaciones de

Historia Americana, directed by Eugenio Pereira Salas and dedicated to the quantitative and interdisciplinary study of economic and social history.

1. Bibliographies and Guides Borchard’s Guide to the law and legal literature of

; _—- _ Argentina, Brazil and Chile.

*65. Anrique Rey €Ss Nicolas. Bibliografia 5641. U.S. Library of Congress. Childs,

J Bguide A ouid deritima Chile,chilena 1894. (1840-1894). 205 p. ames Santiago B., comp. to he theofficial olficia

Lists 693 titles under 11 categories that include naval Pp ublications of the other American Re-

strategy and tactics, naval law and administration, publics, [IV Chile. Compiled by Otto history and biography, and maritime periodicals and Neuburger. Washington, 1947. 94 p.

reviews. The most complete annotated listing of the publica5640. Clagett, Helen L. A guide to the law tons, of all branches, of the Chilean government and legal literature of Chile, 1917-1946.

Washington, 1947. 103 p. (U.S. Library 2. Historiography

of Congress. Latin American series 28). A supplement to the Chilean section of Edwin M. 5642. Araneda Bravo, Fidel. Los estudios

528 SINCE INDEPENDENCE hist6ricos en Chile. Santiago de Chile, 1936. 109 p.

1954. 43 p. A good, detailed, critical analysis of Encina’s La litera-

A review of the works of major Chilean historians by ura _histérica Chilena y el concepto actual de la hisan author who is sympathetic to those of the conserva- ‘oria. Reprint from RCHG, no. 86, set.-dic., 1935. tive school. This is a reprint of articles published in

Atenea.

, 3. General

5643. Blakemore, Harold. The Chilean rev-

olution of 1891 and its historiography. 5651. Amunategui Solar, Domingo. La de-

HAHR. v. 45, Aug., 1965: 393-421. mocracia en Chile: teatro politico (1810-

An excellent analysis of the major interpretations in 1910). Santiago de Chile, 1946. 46S p.

the literature on the origins and character of the rev- illus.

olution against President José Manuel Balmaceda. 4 good administration-by-administration study of the The author suggests studies needed to clarify the sig- political progress of Chile during the nineteenth cenm Chilean history he considers a crucial turning point tury as judged by the standards of a liberal historian.

) 5652. Cam Harriet, Fern . Hi

5644. Cortez Maldonado, Fernando. El 5 C Pos marrlety oe ando Hi istoria criterio historico en Chile. BACH. afio constitucional de Chile. Santiago de Chile, 1956. 600si p. (Coleccién de estu13, no. 34, 1946: 73-93. arias tye Analyzes historiographic trends in the nineteenth and A dios juridicos y in ciales Pe ) dealing briefl

early twentieth centuries pointing up the importance th th ar Pa ately ab ex OOK, oh Ing to the of Bello, Lastarria, and Valentin Letelier. perio d since - ‘depen “jence ut giving emphasis to Me

Oe cin Santinun 1966 76>. Edwards y 5653. Chile. Universidad, Santiago. DepartaThe merits of Alberto Edwards as a historian are con- mento de Estudios Generales. Escuela de trasted with the deficiencies of Encina. Reprint from Temporada. Desarrollo de Chile en la

la revista Atenea. primera mitad del siglo xx. Santiago de 5646. Luis, ethigh-quality al. Historiografiaessays G Chile,by 13>Chilean 3. 2 Vv. by Chil ‘alist . ,Durand, _ enerally specialists chilena. (Separada del numero extraor- |. \iewing developments in Chile during the first half dinario de la Revista ““Atenea publicada of the twentieth century in seventeen different areas por la Universidad de Concepcion con of activity including land utilization, the labor movemotivo de sus 25 anos de vida). Santiago ment, industry, mining, commerce, finance, the novel,

de Chile, 1949. 377 p. illus. the essay, music, and the theater.

Essays on history and historians by Juan Gomez 5§6§54, Corporacién de Fomento de la Produc-

Millas, Francisco Antonio Encina, Guillermo Felit os Chileconomica G fj a dde Cruz, Eugenio Pereira Salas, Luis Galdames, and cion (Chile). Geografia

Alberto Edwards. Particularly noteworthy is the con- Chile. Santiago de Chile, 1950-1962. 4 cluding article, ‘“‘Notas sobre la historiografia” by v. illus., maps.

Julio Cesar Jobet. A collaborative work by specialists that is an indis-

. . . . pensable source of information on Chile’s physical

5647. Encina, Francisco A. La literatura his- and human resources, agriculture, manufacturing, torica chilena y el concepto actual de la mining, Communications, commerce, and finance at historia. Santiago de Chile, 1935. 318 p. mid-twentieth century. Includes historical chapters on

Important. A call for Chileans to replace their erudite | population and general economic development. historical with one that would Desarrollo evoke the politico . poe spirit of thetradition past. 5655. Donoso, Ricardo. . , y social de Chile desde la Constituci6on

5648. Galdames, Luis. Ramon Sotomayor — 1833. 2. ed. Santiago de Chile, 1942.

Valdés. Santiago de Chile, 1931. 62 p. 710 v. bibl

An interesting study of the life and historical work of a A well Pp ’ t ° hesis of Chil history f 1830 leading conservative historian that relates Sotomayor’s h we O38. syn eSIS O litice b L ory atte ti carer asa diplomat to his historeal Wtng through 1938 emphasizing pois Bu gving attention

5649. Griffin, Charles C. Francisco Encina, Donoso’s reply to a 160-page commentary by Arturo

and revisionism in Chilean history. Alessandri on those sections of the first edition dealHAHR v. 37. no. 1. Feb.. 1957: 1-28 ing with his two administrations. An essay that throws into relief the conceptual frame- 5656. Donoso, Ricardo. La sAtira politica en

work a controversial explains theand nature Chil ,Santi Chil 1950. of hisofrevisionism, andhistorian, weighs the merits defects lie. \de antago de lle,221 , Pp.

of his work. illus., bibl. . ; Political cartoons and caricatures as well as satires

5650. Silva Castro, Raul. Notas sobre. el that appeared in Chilean periodicals from 1829 to método en la historia. Santiago de Chile, 1949 are ably presented.

CHILE 529

5657. Edwards Vives, Alberto. La fronda One of the best interpretations of Chile's poutica’ and aristocratica: historia politica de Chile. S°C!@! evolution alter independence tollowee py a Ce . . tailed study of the dictatorship of Carlos Ibafiez. 5. ed. Santiago de Chile, 1959. 275 p. A stimulating and influential essay by a perceptive

Chilean aristocrat developing the theme that except 4. Sources for twenty-some years after 1830 the political history °

of Chile until 1925 was the history “of an aristocratic a. Documents

fronde almost always hostile to the authority of gov-

ernments, and at times in open rebellion againstthem.” 5664. Amunategui Solar, Domingo, ed. Ar-

5658. Edwards Vives, Alberto, and Eduardo = chivo _epistolar de don Miguel Luis Frei Montalva. Historia de los partidos Amunategui. Santiago de Chile, 1942.

politicos chilenos. Santiago de Chile, 2Vv. . . 1949. 262Although p. oo paportant source for the history of the 00 s and ; ; . ’s. a few of Amunategui’s letters are Lis DOK consis’s oot two se p woe studies, we included, the great bulk of the correspondence conb 8 Albe A o Edwards tr eat s the nineteenth centur sists of the letters he received from fifteen prominent The second, by Eduardo Frei, covers the period from Chileans and thirteen foreigners.

the revolution of 1891 through 1938. 5665. Anguita, Ricardo, comp. Leyes 5659. Felia Cruz, Guillermo. 1891-1924: | promulgadas en Chile desde 1810 hasta

Chile visto a través de Agustin Ross. 1 de junio de 1913. Santiago de Chile,

Santiago de Chile, 1950. 207 p. 1912-1913. 5 v. . .

The activities of a long-lived banker are used as a A compilation of laws organized by year with a useful focal point for presenting an interpretation of the so- Subject index for each volume. References are given cial, economic, and political evolution of Chile during _ to the original sources for each law in the Diario oficial

the parliamentary period. and the Boletin de Leyes. A supplement covering the ; ; period 1913-1918 was published in 1918. S66, Hameeus Gana, Antonio. La constit S666, Balmaceda, José M. Manual de ha

; mo, y : , cendado chileno. Instrucciones para la

de Chile, 1933. 203 p. ; , :

toria constitucional de un siglo. Santiago direccién y gobierno de los fundos que

A brief survey of Chile’s constitutional development en Chile se llaman haciendas. Santiago de

to 1910 by a leading authority. A corrected reprint of Chile, 1875 . 136 p.

an article commissioned by la Sociedad Chilena de These observations and notes of an important landHistoria y Geografia and published in its Revista in Owner, prepared as a guide for his sons rather than

1933. for publication, have been organized and edited in this ; . a volume to provide a valuable source on the operation

€i deSalrrolo economico social dae lie. . . a,

“oer J obet or quez, Julio C. omsayo C hike and social structure of a large hacienda.

Santiago de Chile, 1951. 233 p. $007 che. paws: ee” ete. Legis‘acion

A revisionist interpretation of the history of the pe- INCIZENIS c Ile. ecopuacion ©

riod 1831-1938 that attributes the social and economic introd. de Alvaro J ara. Mexico, 1956. underdevelopment of Chile to the rule of small elite 126 p. (Ediciones especiales del Instituto groups that have exploited the masses and permitted Indigenista Interamericano). the Penton of first British and then United States A compilation of the texts of the laws of Chile since imperialism. independence relating to the Indians.

5662. Valencia Avaria, Luis, comp. Anales 5668. Chile. Ministerio de Relaciones Exde la Republica: textos constitucionales _teriores. Cancilleria Alemana: los acontede Chile y registro de los ciudadanos que —_— cimientos en Chile. Santiago de Chile,

han integrado los poderes ejecutivo y [1892]. 207 p.

legislativo desde 1810. Santiago de Chile, Correspondence between the German envoy in Chile

1951. 2 v. illus. and the German Foreign Office provides an excellent

Valuable not only because it brings together in one SOurce on the Chilean civil war of 1891 as well as place all Chilean constitutions with amendments but German interests involved.

also because it lists all presidents, cabinet ministers, 5669. Cruz, Ernesto de la, and Guillermo

congressmen, and members of standing congressional Epistolario D Diego Dj committees with careful annotations concerning their eu Feliu Cruz. C Epistolario de de Don

actual length of service. Portales, 1821-1837. Santiago de Chile, 5663. Vicuha F Carlos. La tirani 1937-1938. 3 v. - Vicuna uentes, arlos. la uirania €1 A valuable source containing 595 letters of Portales.

Chile: libro escrito en el destierro en {n addition to the letters the volumes contain

1928. Santiago de Chile, 1938-1946. 2 v. appraisals of Portales’s character and career from

530 SINCE INDEPENDENCE different points of view written by sixteen Chileans at Cifuentes, a leading Catholic conservative politician,

various times in the century after his death. wrote these memoirs during the last twelve years of

, , his life (1836-1928) for the edification of his children

5670. Echeverria y Reyes, Anibal. Geografia rather than for publication. An important source bepolitica de Chile o sea, recopilaciOn de cause of the insights they provide concerning the isleyes y decretos vigentes sobre creaciOn, sues and political figures of the nineteenth and early

limites y nombres de las provincias, de- 'enteth centuries. partamentos, subdelegaciones y distritos 5676. Errazuriz, Crescente. Algo de lo que de la Republica. Santiago de Chile, 1888- he visto. Santiago de Chile, 1934. 476 p.

1889. 2 v. illus.

Prepared to guide government officials in jurisdic- |Posthumously published memoirs of a leading Chilean tional conflicts, this study is useful to historians for ecclesiastic who became Archbishop of Santiago in detailed descriptions of the political and administrative 1919. Covers the earlier part of his life from childhood divisions of Chile. Preceded by a historical survey in the 1850’s to the late 1880's.

covering theKonig, period to 1833. os - oyintimas, ge sue ; 5677. Abraham. Memorias

5671. Varas, Antonio. Correspondencia. politicas y diplomaticas. Santiago de Santiago de Chile, 1918-1929. 5 v. Chile, 1927. 378 p. Indispensable source for the politics and foreign rela- Sporadic diary entries of a prominent politician and tions of Chile from 1849 to 1879. Volumes on the War diplomat who was perceptive and well informed, parof the Pacific, the mission of Manuel Blanco Encalada ticularly on Chilean-Bolivian relations. Covers the to Europe (1853-1857), the presidential candidacy of years 1897 through 1918.

Manuel Montt (1850), the presidential election and .- ; ;

revolution in Aconcagua in 1851, and American ques- 5678. Lafertte Gavino, Elias. Vida de un

tions, 1853-1864. comunista: paginas autobiograficas. Santiago de Chile, 1957. 351 p. b. Government Publications Detailed factual memoirs of a Chilean communist 5672. Chile. Congreso. C D t | leaderDocumentos and senator. . Chile.

parla- . , ; .

mentarios. Discursos de apertura en las “6 Cue iy 7 aia Santiago

Sesiones del conger eso y memorias minis- A Chilean diplomat’s memoirs of the activities in teriales. Santiago de Chile, 1858-1861. which he participated from 1910 to the early 1930's.

Ov. Includes materials on the A.B.C. Entente, the Pan

Valuable collection of presidential messages and American conference of 1928, the settlement of the annual reports of governmental ministries from 1831 Tacna-Arica dispute, and relations with the Vatican.

to 1860. | 5680. Montero Moreno, René. Confesiones

5673. Chile. Congreso. Sesiones de los _ politicas: autobiografia civica. Santiago cuerpos legislativos, 1811-1845. Valen- de Chile, 1959. 238 p. tin Letelier, ed. Santiago de Chile, 1886- These memoirs are a good source for the political

1908. 37 v. career of Carlos Ibafiez. Montero was Ibafiez’s secre-

V. 19 through 37 constitute a basic source for the his- tary from the mid-1920’s until he resigned in 1955,

tory of Chile between 1830 and 1845.-Included in claiming that the president was being dominated by them are documents relating to the Constitutional | people who were either corrupt or incompetent.

Convention, 1831-1833, the minutes of the two legis- ° °

lative branches of government, and the reports of both 5681. Rojas Mery, Eulogio. | Recuerdos ae

congressional committees and the ministries of gov- un joven ~“octogenario. antlago de ernment. 1958. 356 p. illus. | MemoirsChile, of a self-made man who during his long

c. Memoirs career beginning in the 1890’s was a military officer,

. lawyer, congressman, newspaperman, political exile,

5674. Alessandri Palma, Arturo. Recuerdos and historian.

de gobierno. Santiago de Chile, 1967. 5682. Subercaseaux, Ramon. Memorias de

3. , ochenta anos: recuerdos personales,

An indispensable source covering Alessandri’s two criticos, reminiscencias historicas, viajes,

presidential and theand intervening AppenLed 2 ed. S . santiago de Chile.de 1936 dixes includeterms documents a valuableyears. 154-page anecdotas. 2. ed. lle, , index of Alessandri’s work as a legislator and presi- 2 V.

dent as reflected in Congressional documents from Valuable reminiscences of a Chilean aristocrat with 1897 to 1950. V. 1 includes text of Recuerdos pub- broad interests, including the arts, literature, politics,

lished in 1952. and diplomacy. Covers the period from 1854 to 1934.

5675. Cifuentes, Abdén. Memorias. Santiago 5683. Velasco, Fanor. La revoluci6n de

de Chile, 1936. 2 v. 1891. Santiago de Chile, 1914. 648 p.

CHILE 531

illus. 5690. Smith, Edmond R. The Araucanians:

An indispensable source for the Revolution of 1891. or notes of a tour among the Indian tribes

The daily diary maintained from August, 1890, to of southern Chile. N.Y., 1855. 335 p. August, 1891, by the Sub-Secretary of Foreign Rela- illus noes whe was in a good position to observe people An interesting and authoritative description of life

and events. among the Araucanians by a member of the U.S. Naval Astronomical Expeditionto the Southern Hemi-

5°Description and Travel (1849-1852) who, instead returning when the mission wassphere completed, resigned in oforder to visit 5684. Bowman, Isaiah. Desert trails of Ata- ©&ntral and southern Chile.

cama. N.Y., 1924. 362 p. illus.., maps. 5691. Treutler, Paul. Andanzas de un ale(American Geographical Society. Spe- man en Chile, 1851-1863. Santiago de

cial publication 5). Chile, 1958. 570 p. illus.

Although the emphasis of this work is on descriptive An invaluable description of social life and customs in geography it contains much of value for social and Chile by a perceptive German miner who lived in the economic history, particularly on the influence of mining regions of the north, in Araucania, and in cen-

mining and stockraising in desert communities. tral Chile. Originally published in German in 1882.

. S I ° -* of

5685. Gillies, J. M. The U.S. naval astro- . nomical expedition to the Southern 6. Local and Regional

Hemisphere during the years 1849-1852. 5699. Aguirre Humeres, Alfonso. Relaciones

Vv eae on it deccupNon of the geography of historicas de Magallanes: la toma de and economic, social, and political conditions in Chile posesion del estrecho y fundacion de una based upon three years of residence in the country. colonia por la republica de Chile en 1843. V. 2 contains information on Chile’s flora and fauna. Santiago de Chile, 1943. 316 p. illus.

P ° Written to commemorate the centenary of Chile’s

5686. Per ez Rosales, Vicente. Ensayo sobre occupation of the Strait of Magellan, this well-docuChile. Santiago de Chile, 1859. 510 p. mented study emphasizes the background of the deci-

maps. sion to establish a colony there.

Originally written in French with the purpose of rec- 5693. Astorquiza. Octavio. Cien afos del tifying European misconceptions about Chile, this ° q 4 , . book is an excellent province-by-province description carbon de Lota, 1852-1 952. Santiago de

of the country in the 1850's. Chile, 1952. 270 p. illus., map.

ee . A narrative history of the major coal-mining region of

5687. Poirier, Eduardo. Chile en 1910. San- Chile that describes how beginning in the mid-nine-

tiago de Chile, 1910. 554 p. illus., maps. teenth century a relatively unpopulated area de-

A good description of Chile at the time of the cente- veloped into the center of an industrial complex in the

nary of its independence written by the minister of twentieth century.

Guatemala in Santiago. _ 5694, Bermudez Miral, Oscar. Origenes his-

5688. Ruschenberger, William S. W. Noti- toricos de Antofagasta. Antofagasta, cias de Chile, 1831-1832. Santiago de 1966. 128 p. illus., maps, bibl. Chile, 1956. 120gasta, p. (Coleccién Although treating antecedents of Antofade antano). this Viajeros study emphasizes t ebrety setttheement, economic

Good Anta) materia! on Chile in the early 1830’s development, and civil organization from 1866 to the

that is an excerpt from a larger work, Three years in carly S.

the Pacific, published in 1834. 5695. Braun Menéndez, Armando. Fuerte 5689. Semper, Erwin, and Dr. Michels. La ones goon de la or el gobi del industria del salitre en Chile . . . tradu- de Chile en 18 re BA Pp 943° 3 53

cida directamente del aleman y consi- illus., maps, bibl sues p.

derablemente aumentada por Javier Gan- A well-documented study dealing with Chile’s motiva-

darillas y Orlando Ghigliotto Salas. tion for occupying the strait but emphasizing the

Santiago de Chile, 1908. 418 p. illus., operations of the expedition that carried out the occu-

maps, bibl. pation and the history of Fort Bulnes until its abandon-

Basic. An analysis of the nitrate industry in the early ™entin 1849.

twentieth century containing information on the legal 5696. Cruz Adler, Bernardo. San Felipe de

aspects of the industry, production, mine ownership, - . and labor conditions. The work of Semper and Mi- Aconcagua. San Felipe, Chile, 1949 chels, a report for a group of potential investors, con- 1950. 2 v. sists of 181 pages. Thirty-one appendixes were added A chronicle that relates local to national history and

by the translator. revolves around personalities. Most of the second

$32 SINCE INDEPENDENCE

1900. 446 p. illus.

volume is devoted to the period between 1830 and cincuenta anos. Santiago de Chile, 1947. 5697. Guevara, Tomas. Historia de la civi- Biographical sketches of twelve prominent Chileans, : - 7 2 . ; a number of whom were interviewed by the author. lizacion de Ar aucanla. Santiago de Chile, Included are José Victorino Lastarria, Isidoro Erra1898-1922. 9 v. in 10. illus., maps. _ zuriz, José Toribio Medina, Enrique Maclver, Abd6on The latter volumes of this standard work treat the his- (Cifuentes, Vicente Reyes, Crescente Errdazuriz, tory of Chile’s southern frontier region during the Gonzalo Bulnes, Estanislao del Campo, Jorge Boonen nineteenth century, detailing the gradual extension of Rivera, Eduardo de la Barra, and Marcial Martinez.

; ; ; . Donoso, Ricardo. Diego Barros Arana.

Chilean settlement as well as Araucanian resistance. 5705. D Ricardo. Dj B A

acaba “his one okt eer puer2 México, 1967. 414 p. (Instituto Paname-

Chile. 1957. 270 y re. santiago de ricano de Geografia e Historia. Comision

AUE, 170 /. Pp. Map. de Historia 88. Historiadores de América

A mixture of history, folklore, and personal impres- 12)

sions of Arica and its surrounding territory by an . . author who considers Arica to have an auspicious fu- ‘4 sympathetic full-scale biography treating Barros ture. Arana as a politician, an educator, an editor, a dip. . - lomat, and a historian. Defends him against the attacks 5699. Vera, Robustiano. La pacificacién de of Encina and those who charge Barros Arana with Arauco, 1852 a 1883. Santiago de Chile, responsibility for the loss of Patagonia. Documentary

1905. 105 p. appendix and bibliography of the works of Barros

A factual narrative of military activity on the southern Arana including articles in newspapers and periodicals.

Indian frontier of Chile from the establishment of the 5706. Fuenzalida Grandon, Alejandro. Lasprowince of Arauco until the final defeat of the Arau- tarria i su tiempo, 1817-1888 . . . San-

; ; ; tiago de Chile, 1911. 2 v. illus., bibl.

5700. Yrarrazaval Larrain, José M. La_ The standard biography of a major figure in the inPatagonia: errores geograficos y diploma- tellectual and political life of the nineteenth century.

ticos. Santiago de Chile, 1966. 205 p. 5707. Galdames, Luis. Valentin Letelier y illus. (Historia de las relaciones interna- su obra, 1852-1919. Santiago de Chile,

cionales de Chile). 1937. 806 p. illus.

To many Chileans the failure of their government to 4 good biography of an influential Chilean educator make good its claims to Patagonia was a tragic error of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century dealthat condemned their nation to small-power status. ing with his youth and political activity but emphasizThis interesting book by a careful scholar attempts to ing his role as educator and his ideas on history and

explain why Chile gave up Patagonia in 1881. juridical sociology.

5708. Iglesias Meléndez, Julio H. José Santos

7. Biography Ossa, perfiles de un conquistador: bio-

, . ona: , . 1ago hil 945. 162 p.

5701. Amunategui, Miguel L. Vida de don gratia antag 1 de C roe ] d , ° : Andrés Bello. Sant de Chile. 1882 illus., bibl. (Coleccion Forjadores de la

nares nacionalidad eno. antiago € lie, . . 2). . 672

After 8 P. his is still the best bi hv of Bell A brief but useful study of one of the first discoverers

ter 65 years this 1s still the best biograpny of Bello. and exploiters of the nitrate departments of Chile who

5702. Sulnes, Alfonso. Errazuriz Zafartu, su _ lived from 1829 to 1878.

vida. Santiago de Chile, 1950. 585 p. 5799, Marin Vicuiia, Santiago. Don Herm6bibl. (Uiuversidad de Chile. F acultad de genes Pérez de Arce, 1845-1902. SanDerecho. Coleccion de estudios juridi- tiago de Chile, 1931. 211 p.

COS V sociales 10). _ A sound, factual biography of an able Chilean ad-

Based uyon primary sources this is an excellent biog- _ ministrator who occupied a number of important posts

raphy covering the life of Federico Errazuriz Zanartu including those of director of the state railways,

before his election to the presidency in 1871. A pro- minister of hacienda, and president of the Society for

jected second volume has not yet been published. Industrial Development.

5703. Carmona Yanez, Jorge. Baquedano. 5749, Orrego Vicuma, Eugenio. Vicufa Santiago de Chile, 1946. 359 p. bibl. Mackenna. Vida y trabajos. Santiago de Written by a Chilean general who considered that Chile. 1932. 540 Manuel Baquedano had been neglected by historians, A well >. ° dv of P lif d ti fad , this solid, detailed study treats his entire career from af ~written Chik of the lite “d umes of a dynamic 1812 to 1897 but emphasizes his role in the War of 2¢ fascinating “Ale an writer and statesman.

the Pacific, of which he was the military hero. 5711. Rosales, Justo A. La apotedésis de

5704. Donoso, Armando. Recuerdos de Arturo Prat y de sus compafieros de

CHILE 533 heroismo muertos por la patria el 21 de Chile from 1810 to 1910 that were found qn incomplete mayo de 1879. Santiago de Chile, 1888. thdjese they provide a solid factual ‘account of the

472 p. illus. ; Montt administration by an able, sympathetic histo-

A valuable source for the life of Chile’s great naval sian.

hero. Consists of articles, letters, and other docu- . . . ments organized into three sections: the life of Prat 5718. Encina, Francisco A. Portales: introbefore he became a hero; the Battle of Iquique; and duccion a la historia de la €poca de Diego

reactions to Prat’s heroism and death. Portales, 1830-1891. Santiago de Chile, 5712. Sanhueza, Gabriel. Santiago Arcos, 1964. 2 v. comunista, millonario y calavera. San- Indispensable. First published in 1934, this book not

tiago de Chile, 1956. 267 p. only covers the events of the brief period when Yor

A well-written biography of wealthy, Chilean-born . the as table voli fic: order that vr vailed a ‘Chile

Santiago Arcos, a utopian socialist who, during the ail 1891, € pontical orde preval

three years of his adult life spent in Chile (1849-1852), unt : founded the Sociedad de Igualdad and became in- 5§7]9, Meynet Gonzalez, Alfredo. Estudio de

volved in revolutionary activities. las reformas constitucionales de la ad5713. Silva Castro, Raul. Alberto Blest ministraci6n Errazuriz Zanartu (1871Gana 1830-1920. Santiago de Chile, 1876). Santiago de Chile, 1946. 120 p.

1941. 652 p. illus., bibl. bibl.

A successful attempt to write the first full-scale biog- A useful ‘“‘memoria de prueba” describing briefly Conraphy of a noted Chilean author. Blest Gana’s lengthy gressional discussion and newspaper reaction to the career as a Chilean diplomat is treated fully and his reforms of the early 1870’s that resulted from the first

literary works are analyzed. successful attempt to liberalize the Constitution of 1833.

§. Government and Politics 5720. Ramirez Necochea, Hernan. Balma-

_ ceda y la contrarrevoluciOn de 1891.

a.l he 1891 Santiago de Chile, 1958. 243 p. (Colecci6n América nuestra).

(See also Part VII, A) Develops the thesis that the Revolution of 1891 was

; . the result of opposition to Balmaceda’s policies of

.pgg

5714. Barros Arana, Diego. Un decenio de economic nationalism by Chilean business interests la historia de Chile, 1841-1851. Santiago closely linked to foreign capitalists. An expansion of

de Chile, 1905-1906. 2 v. the author’s La guerra civil de 1891]: antecedentes eco-

A sound, detailed narrative, presenting a great deal of | 720micos.

factual information on Chile’s political, financial, .

administrative, and cultural development during a 572 - Salas Edwards, Ricardo. Balmaceda y decade that the author considered “‘one of the most €1 par lamentarismo en Chile: un estudio instructive sections of national history.”’ Based upon de psicologia politica chilena. Santiago

official documents and the periodical press. de Chile, 1914-1925. 2 v. illus.

5715. Donoso, Ricardo. Las ideas politicas Fundamental for an understanding of the conflict be-

Méx3 1946. biblthe tween Balmaceda and Congress. presents en JChil ie. LEXICO, . Pp.526 DIDI. positions of the opposing forcesObjectively and concludes that (Coleccién Tierra firme 23). the major cause of the Revolution of 1891 was basic

An excellent study of the influence of ideas in the disagreement concerning interpretation of the Constidevelopment of Chilean democracy to 1891. More _ tution.

than two-thirds of the book is devoted to topical , , . .

treatments of the struggles against the aristocracy and 5722. Sotomayor y Valdés, Ramon. Historia the church and on behalf of freedom of press and elec- de Chile durante los cuarenta anos trans-

tions and constitutional reform. curridos desde 1831 hasta 1871. Santia5716. Edwards MacClure, Agustin. Cuatro go de Chile, 1875-1903. 4 v. presidentes de Chile. Valparaiso, 1932. A classic narrative history that is still valuable. The

2 v. illus., bibl. title is misleading because the four volumes cover only

A useful, well-documented, detailed narrative account the 10-year administration of Joaquin Prieto.

of domestic politics and international relations during 5723, Stuardo Ortiz. Carlos. and Sergio the administrations of Manuel Bulnes, Manuel Montt, Ho soe , 8

José Joaquin Pérez, and Federico Errazuriz. Villalobos R. Genesis historica del codigo

7 civil de Chile, 1811-1855: los codifica-

5717. Edwards Vives, Alberto. El gobierno dores. Santiago de Chile, 1956. 89 p. de don Manuel Montt, 1851-1861. San- illus.

tiago de Chile, 1932. 493 p. illus. _ Describes briefly the process by which Chile de-

This book consists of parts of a projected history of | veloped a distinctly national civil code and presents

534 SINCE INDEPENDENCE . . velopment in twentieth-century Chile: the change from S. 1ago dae lie, . . . . 784 p. (His Obras completas 6). 5731. Eyzaguirre, Jaime. Chile durante el

biographical sketches of the leading codifiers. this period his party promoted the most important de-

pieso Portales, Santia: et lon purely political democracy to economic democracy.

First published in 1863 this is one of the best works of gobierno de Frrazuriz Echaurren 1896-

Chile’s most prolific nineteenth-century historians. 1901. Santiago de Chile, 1957. 413 p.

Includes more than 500 documents. illus., bibl.

.r,.

5725. Walker Martinez, Carlos. Historia de An outstanding study of a, presidential administration la administracion Santa Maria. Santiago Social, and cultural topics and international relations 8

, ~ . . well as politics. Makes use of unpublished private and it . . woe

Although this is a dhavribe of a Conservative politi- official Santa correspondence. cal opponent against Liberal Domingo Maria,

is useful both for its point of view and as the only his- 5732. Gil, Federico G. The political system

tory of Santa Maria’s presidential period. of Chile. Boston, 1966. 323 p. illus., map,

5726. Yrarrazaval Larrain, José M. El bibl. . .

presidente Balmaceda, Santiago de Chile, Ystu analysis of the Chilean political system ang A 1940.2. bibl. study of the public career of 1960’s by a political scientist with a sense of history. Balmaceda beginning in 1864 and emphasizing politi: 5733. Halperin, Ernst. Nationalism and

es that the main objective of Balmaceda’s opposi- .

cal and constitutional issues of his Presidency. Con- communism in Chile. Cambridge, Mass., tion was to stop presidential intervention in elections. 1965. 267 p. (Massachusetts Institute of

b. L89]-

Technology. Center for International

Studies. Studies in international commu-

nism 5).

: es A specialist on the international communist movement

S727. B ello Codesido, Emilio. Recuerdos provides useful insights into Chilean politics in this politicos, la Junta de Gobierno de 1925: study of the Communists and their competitors, the

su origen y relacion con la reforma del Socialists and the Christian Democrats from the régimen constitucional. Santiago de 1930’s through the presidential election of 1964.

Chile, 1954. 239 p. 7 S 5734. Heise Gonzalez, Julio. La Constitu-

ents of the period between the armedinterventionof C10, de 1925 y las nuevas tendencias September, 1924, and the adoption of the Constitu- politico-sociales. AUC. serie 3, no. 80, tion of.1925. Written by the president of the Junta de 1950: 45-234.

Gobierno, who included many full-length documents Valuable analysis. Claims that a new aristocracy based

in the text. upon wealth derived from mining, foreign commerce, ; and industry began to develop in the 1870’s. This

5728. Cruz-Coke, Ricardo. Geografia elec- aristocracy was able to assume political power as a toral de Chile. Santiago de Chile, 1952. result of the Revolution of 1891 and to hold it under

139 p. illus., maps. the Parliamentary regime until the Constitution of

. Lo. ; p.

The first attempt to relate scientifically the economic, !925 increased presidential power.

Stine patterns. “Avtalyzes parliamentary and pres, >/2>:, Riesco, German. Presidencia de dential elections from 1937 to 1949. A valuable study. hoe 65 901-1906. Santiago de Chile, 3729. Donoso, Ricardo. Alessandri, agitador A sound, factual account of the politics of the adminisy demoledor. Cincuenta anos de historia tration that negotiated the ‘““Pactos de Mayo” with

politica de Chile. México, 1952-1954. Argentina (190%) and the peace treaty with Bolivia 2 v. illus., bibl. (Coleccién Tierra firme ‘eating the War of the Paerlic (1904).

54). 5736. Rivas Vicuna, Manuel. Historia poli-

A detailed study of Chilean politics from 1897 to tica y parlamentaria de Chile. Santiago de 1950 by a skilled historian using a variety of sources. Chile. 1964. 3 v. illus

Ithough marred by hostility toward Alessandri this ° : F .

Altho k Written byofathe leading Liberal who many is an Important Work. events he describes, thisparticipated book is acrossin between 5730. Duran Bernales, Florencio. El Partido fustory ane memorr. Pubished 27 ella after the auRadical. Santiago de Chile, 1958. 622 p. ang documents, this is an invaluable source for the

illus. olitical of the with Parliamentary This is a useful bookhistory dealing primarily the period P , Yperiod. *P

:

1938-1952 by a prominent but relatively objective 5737. Saez Morales, Carlos. Recuerdos de Radical leader who develops the theme that during un soldado. Santiago de Chile, 1933-

CHILE 535 1934. 3 v. (Biblioteca Ercilla 14, 18, 30). Notre Dame, Ind., 1963. 466 p. (Inter-

One the bestin sources of information the role of national studies of the theofarmy llean politics on from the intervention o Committee ' 1 ; 1 on 1924 to the election of 1932 by an army officer directly NI ternational Relations, University of involved in many of; the events described. oltre ame). Contains a great deal of information on Chilean politi5738. Stevenson, John R. The Chilean popu- cal life in addition to its treatment of relations with the lar front. Philadelphia, 1942. 155 p. bibl. United States. The point of view is strongly critical of relates economic and social conditions to the political the myriad difficulties which tormented the republic. developments of the period between 1920 and 1941. [C.C.G. ]

9, Foreign Relations and Military Affairs 10. Economy (See also Part VII. A) 5746. Alvarez Andrews, Oscar. Historia del

j desarrollo industrial de Chile. Santiago

5739. Barrientos Gutiérrez, Pablo H. His- de Chile, 1936. 391 p. illus., maps.

toria del Estado’ Mayor General de Ejér- A factual survey of the development of Chile’s populacito, 1811-1944. Santiago de Chile, 1947. tion, agriculture, mining, industry, and commerce by

987 p. map major periods from pre-Columbian times to 1935. In-

A factual survey of the history of the general staff cludes many statistical tables, some comparing Chile chiefly as reflected in the laws and decrees relating to with other nations.

the organization of the Chilean army. 5747. Bermudez Miral, Oscar. Historia del 5740. Boonen Rivera, Jorge. Ensayo sobre salitre desde sus origenes hasta la Guerra la geografia militar de Chile. 2.ed. San- del Pacifico. Santiago de Chile, 1963.

tiago de Chile, 1902-1905. 2 v. 456 p. illus., maps, bibl.

The geography of Chile viewed from the point of view A well-documented narrative that includes useful facof defense and strategy by a brigadier general who was__ tual and descriptive material on a wide variety of as-

chief of instruction of the Chilean general staff. pects of the development of the nitrate industry in

. . Tarapaca and the Atacama desert. 5741. Bulnes, Gonzalo. Historia de la cam; . - ve

pafia del Pert en 1838. Santiago de Chile, 5748- Chile. Direccion de Contabilidad. Re-

1878. 444 p. maps. ° sumen de la hacienda publica de Chile

A detailed military history of the war between Chile desde la independencia hasta 1900. Sanand the Peru-Bolivian Confederation based upon pri- tiago de Chile, 1901. 757 p. illus., maps,

mary sources. bibl.

5742. Evans, Henry C Chile and its rela- A basic source of historical statistical information on tions with the United States. D urham, and expenditures, the domestic and foreign debt, and

- . - money and exchange, government revenues, budgets

N. C., 1927. 243 p. bibl. foreign trade. Includes an extensive bibliography on

teenth century. [C.C.G. . .Instituto ... 4 . 5749. Chile. Universidad, Santiago. A brief survey based on published sources, chiefly Chilean public finance. Identical Spanish and English

American, and cee a the most part to the nine- _ texts and tables.

ete dy,IR. Usgood. The 1922: Itata incident. Economia. Desarrollo econémico de v. 5, May, 195-226.deChile, 1940-1956. Santiago de Chile,

A narrative an incident in the Chilean Revolution of 1956. States 210 1891 thatofcaused friction between the United : P. ; and the Chilean Congressional insurgents. [C.C.G. | A valuable source. A section on general aspects of development during the sixteen-year period covered, 5744. Langlois, Luis. Influencia del poder including changes in the economy, inflation, banking, naval en la historia de Chile. desde 1810 foreign trade, population, and education is followed by

maps. : : . : .

Val , 1911] Ab I] a section analyzing in detail trends 1n the major sectors a -1910. Valparaiso, . Pp.”)UIUS., of the economy. Statistical tables.

After prefacing his study with a plea for naval pre- 2/50. Chile. Universidad, Santiago. Instituto paredness Captain Langlois narrates the history of de Economia. La economia de Chile en el the Chilean navy emphasizing its decisive role in both periodo, 1950-1963. Santiago de Chile,

international wars and domestic conflicts. 1963. 2 v. (Instituto de Economia. Publi-

5745. Pike, Fredrick B. Chile and the caciones 60). . United States. 1880-1962: the emer- An attempt to present a global view of the Chilean

Chil ; “al CTISIS: : d th economy along theoflines in the Institute’s gence oOf ile Ss socia and the publication 1956,followed but including the results of rechallenge to United States diplomacy. — search completed after the first study and extending its

536 SINCE INDEPENDENCE chronological limits forward. The second volume con- 5758. Hermann, Alberto. La produccion en

sists entirely of statistical tables. Chile de los metales y minerales mas im-

5751. Ellsworth, Paul T. Chile,an economy ~ portantes, de las sales naturales, del

in transition. N.Y., 1945. 183 p. map. azufre 1 del guano desde la conquista

A careful examination of aspects of the economic life hasta fines del ano 1902. Santiago de of Chile during the period 1929-1942, when, as a reac- Chile, 1903. 81 p. tion to the disastrous consequences of the wore de A valuable source of historical statistical data on the

pression, the Chilean government adopted policies Of -oduction of gold, silver, and other products in Chile. economic nationalism that stimulated the transforma-

tion of an essentially colonial economy into one much 5759, Izquierdo F., Gonzalo. Un estudio de

more independent economically. las ideologias chilenas: La Sociedad de

5752. Encina, Francisco A. Nuestra infe- Agricultura en el siglo xix. Santiago de rioridad economica, sus causas, Sus conse- Chile, 1968. 199 p. bibl.

cuencias. Santiago de Chile, 1955. 170 p. An interesting analysis of the changing attitudes of the

(Coleccién nuestra). century influential Sociedad Nacional de Agricultura during . : . ; theAmérica nineteenth on such topics as the role of

an uentia’ i cc, tirst P ublished . Orie ed es agriculture in national life, Chile’s economic problems, ree Physica’ and social environmen’ 9° ie and the the campesino, and communications. Based upon pubeconomic psychology” of its people. Concludes that ji cations of the Sociedad, government documents, and

attitudes, values,economic and education are the main sourcesPeriodicals ,° of Chile’s inferiority. "

5753. Escobar Cerda, Luis. E] mercado de ere sens Ry 3 seomeet tereerap ay valores. Santiago de Chile, 1959. 274 p. ; I "bibl, (Stanford University publ Although written to enlighten the general public on p. Map, D101. ( ta ord niversi y puoil-

the role of security markets, this study contains mate- cations. University series. History, ecorial of value to historians on the development of cor- nomics, and political science 6).

porate finance in Chile. Based upon manuscript sources, newspapers, and

. -., . Official documents and treating the impact of teleg3754. Chie Prine W. (Os i oe tn at lon raphy on Chilean society, this is a model monograph

" iMea cero - ( ue ications in thefinance history of technology. O international section O e€ . . Department of economics and social in- 57". Nemec nia Markos, and Clark Win-

stitutions in Princeton University 3). on Keynolds. Essays on the Uni 9 1p Tus.

An authoritative analysis. Widely quoted for its asser- omy. Homewood, Ill., 1965. 40 p. ius. tion that inflation was favored by a landed aristocracy, (Publications of the Economic Growth which was heavily in debt and which dominated the Center).

government. Sophisticated studies by two economists sympathetic . . ‘la: policy and sectoral development”’ with reference to

5755. Fuentealba Hernandez, Leonardo. (to “free enterprise.” Mamalakis analyzes ‘“‘public Cour cevc Seneuil en Chile: ec rrores ae the industrial, construction, and agricultural sectors. libera ismo economico. Santiago, 1945. Reynolds treats the history of large copper companies

112 p. illus., bibl. in Chile in the twentieth century and analyzes their

A study of a French classical liberal economist who contribution to economic growth and economic stabiltaught at the University of Chile and acted as adviser ity from 1925 to 1959.

to the Chilean government from 1855 to 1863 and ; . . whose influence the author considers was pernicious 5762. Marin Vicuna, Santiago. Los ferrofor the general development of the Chilean economy. carriles de Chile. Santiago de Chile,

5756. Gonzalez, L. La Sociedad 170. 193 illus., railroads maps. | 1. Pedro ~ escription of thede, private andp. state

of

Fomento F abril: 30 anos de labor, 1883- Chile ca. 1909 rather than a history but includes his1913. Santiago de Chile, 1913. 30 p. torical data concerning each line along with miscella-

A brief factual statement of the early activities of the | neous information on its operations.

Society that demonstrates its interest in industrial 5763. Martner, Daniel. Estudio de politica education, and government protection ‘ale chil hi economica . > oe for industry asimmigration, well as its close relationship with the comercial chilena historia

government. nacional. “tari 4,Santiago bibl. de Chile, 1923. 2 v.

3757. G reve nee Historia oe a 938. The first general economic history of Chile. Although nieria en Chile. santiago de Chile, it follows an administration-by-administration ap-

1944. 2 v. illus. proach with little analysis, this work contains much

Valuable for a variety of information on the history of | useful information gleaned from both official docupublic works with special attention to the building of | ments and secondary works. The author concludes roads, irrigation canals, and railroads and the develop- _ that Chilean commercial policy should promote indus-

ment of the engineering corps. trialization.

CHILE $37

nuestra). : ' . ,

5764. Pinto Santa Cruz, Anibal. Chile, un 11. Society

caso de desarrollo frustrado. Santiago de . . ,

Chile, 1959. 198 p. (Coleccién América aoe eente iméeenee. eee a nacie A stimulating interpretation by a Chilean ‘“‘structural- Santiago de Chile, 195 7. 254 Pp. ae

ist’ economist who seeks enlightenment concerning The experiences of a Syrian immigrant in acclimating Chile’s underdevelopment in its history and finds that himself to life in Chile in the early twentieth century.

the major reason for its failure to achieve an inte- . . ; , _ Chile. Santiago de Chile, 1910. 364 p. 3765. Ross, Agustin. Chile, 1851 1910. Articles by members of the German Community in

grated economy was a policy of “desarrollo hacia 5772. Deutscher Wissenschaftlicher Verein afuera’’ that suited the interests of its ruling classes. zu Santiago de Chile. Los alemanes en Sesenta anos de cuestiones monetarias y Chile on German colonization and the contributions of

financieras y de problemas bancarios. Germans in several fields of education, and the sci-

Santiago de Chile, 191 1. 265 p. ences, medicine. and Pharmacy. pupsned in com

A well-informed, factual review of Chile’s monetary ™é€moration of the centenary of Chile s independence.

and banking history to 1910 followed by an analysis of 5773. Durand. Luis. Presencia de Chile:

its economic and commercial in believed the earlyensayos. ° >. ° de Santiago Chile. 1942. twentieth century by a leading condition banker who de le,231 . p.°

government policies to be disastrous. illus.

. ist’s insi itud life of th

5766. Segall, Marcelo. Desarrollo del capi- A,t0vslist's insights into the attitudes and life of the

talismo en Chile: cinco ensayos dialécticos. Santiago de Chile, 1953. 347 p. 5774. Edwards Matte, Guillermo. El club de

Written to fulfill “the inescapable need of contem- la union en sus ochenta anos: 1864-1944. porary Marxism to understand the national reality,” Santiago de Chile, 1944. 153 p. illus.

these essays deal with economic policy and mining, 4 chronicle of the development of Chile’s most aristothe presidency of Balmaceda, 50 years of the workers’ cratic social club with biographical sketches of leading

Chile. secretaries, and founders.

movement, and the history of philosophic ideas in ¢jybmen. Appendixes list club presidents, directors,

>767. eS at a ee ce tenns: 5775. Faron, Louis C. Mapuche social strucsobre el desarrollo de la economia ture: institutional reintegration in a patri-

. , Chil lineal society of central Chile. Urbana,

ogee Santiago de Chile, = 1961, 247 p. map, bibl. (Illinois studies A sectoral snalysis of general trends in the Chilean in anthropology 1). economy based upon statistical data from the Eco- Data on the social economics and political life of the

nomic Commission for Latin America. Last of ne /Araucamians living on reservations in south-

5768. Véliz, Claudio. Historia la marina , . 5776. FeliudeCruz, Guillermo.

. - WIUS., DIDI. . : ~

Un esquema

1061 406 det aie. pantiago de Chile, de la evolucién social de Chile en el

An excellent sted based upon archival as well as siglo XIX. BACH. ano 8, J 941: 5-30. published sources. The fact that the history of the This interesting essay relates social ideas to economic merchant marine from 1810 to 1922 is explained asa 2d political change.

function of the interplay of Chilean pressure groups . . and domestic and international economic forces makes 3777. Jefferson, Mark. Recent colonization the book an important contribution to Chilean eco- in Chile. N.Y., 1921. 32 p. illus., maps.

nomic history. (American Geographical Society. Re-

, . search series 6).

externa de Chile. Santiago de Chile, ; 1942. 100 p. 5778. Jobet Burquez, Julio C. Luis Emilio

5769. Vera Vera, Raul. Historia de la deuda Immigration and settlement in south-central Chile.

A factual loan-by-loan account of Chile’s public for- Recabarren. Los origenes del movieign debt from 1822 to 1940. A memoria de prueba in miento obrero y del socialismo chilenos.

the Faculty of Law of the University of Chile. Santiago de Chile, 1955. 180 p.

5770. Vicuma Mackenna Benjamin EI libro Two separate studies valuable for an understanding

de°la| |plata. Santisantiago , d Childe188? the history of social reform inearly Chile: the first, a lle, *offactual biography of an effective twentieth-cen-

719 p. tury agitator and labor organizer; the second, a brief

Detailed history of Chile’s major silver-mining regions __ but detailed survey of the history of a variety of move-

through the 1870’s with a discussion of the influence ments concerned with improving the lot of the under-

of silver on Chilean development. privileged.

538 SINCE INDEPENDENCE 5779. Klimpel Alvarado, Felicitas. La mujer 5787. Guzman Rosales, Miguel, and Octavio

Chilena: el aporte femenino al progreso Vio Henriquez. Don Francisco de Paula de Chile, 1910-1960. Santiago de Chile, Taforo y la vacancia arzobispal de San-

1962. : Pp304 p. bibl. tiago, 1878-1887. Santiago de Chile,

Information from a variety of sources on the Chilean 1964. 340 p. illus.

woman's legal position and her role in politics and An excellent and thorough study of the most serious government, the professions, education, and social controversy between church and state in Chilean hisand cultural activities. Lists names and contributions tory. Well documented from a variety of sources, in-

in each area. cluding little-used materials in the archives of both

5780. Lagos Valenzuela, Tulio. Bosquejo the Archdiocese of Santiago and the Ministry of Forhistérico del movimiento obrero enChile. “"" Relations.

Santiago de Chile, 1941. 70 p. bibl. 5788. Magnet, Alejandro. El padre Hurtado.

A memoria de prueba of the law faculty of the Uni- Santiago de Chile, 1954. 366 p.

versity of Chile that provides a usetul survey of the A well-written, perceptive biography of an influential development of organized labor in Chile until 1940. Jesuit, Padre Alberto Hurtado Larrain, which pro-

. , , id insights into the Catholi ial acti -

5781. Morris, James O. Elites, intellectuals, gram aa Chile inzhe twentieth century. acon Pre

and consensus: a study of the social ques- . , ; , tion and the industrial relations system in >/89:, Silva Cotapos, Carlos. Historia ecChile. Ithaca, 1966. 292 p. bibl. (Cornell lesiastica de Chile. Santiago de Chile,

international, industrial, and labor rela- The 12) ap ope or ‘this chronicle contain factual

tions reports 7). . information useful for the history of the Roman Cathimportant. An intelisent, Profession analysisof pettheolic church in Chile from 1830 to 1910. in order to explain the origins and functioning

industrial relations system in Chile from 1900 to 1938, ; tempts of elites and intellectuals to solve it. 5790. A mi - Sol Dom; Fl | deals in depth with the social question and the at- 13. Education

P . . ° munategul solar, omimgo. n-

9782, Munizaga eae varlds. viea “ ‘A, stituto Nacional bajo los rectorados de Santiago de Chile. 1960. 76 mi “us bibl. don Manuel Montt, don Francisco Puente

The problems of assimilating the Mapuches into the y don Antonio Varas, 1835—1845. San-

mainstream of Chilean life are illustrated by this study tiago de Chile, 1891. 753 p. _.

of an Araucanian youth seeking an education. A chronicle based upon primary sources describing 5783. Pike, Fredrick B. Aspects of class re- tion that the author claimed “‘has played in Chile for lations in Chile, 1850-1960. HAHR. v. many years a role as important as that of the engine in

. ; the problems and progress of an educational institu-

43, Feb., 1963: 14-33. a steam ship.

A valuable analysis of social change in Chile. 5791. Campos Harriet, Fernando. Desa5784. Vega, Nicolas. Lainmigracién europea __ !rollo educacional, 1810-1960. Santiago en Chile, 1882-1895. Paris, 1896. 195 p. de Chile, 1960. 210 p. bibl. Reports of the Chilean general agency for colonization Traces the development of primary, secondary, and in Europe containing data on the origins and occupa- University education in three separate chapters, each tion of immigrants, analysis of the problems encoun- COvering the entire 150-year period. Emphasis is given

tered in promoting immigration, and comparisons be- © the university. , tween immigration to Chile and Argentina. 5792. Chile. Universidad, Santiago. La Universidad de Chile, 1843-1934. Santiago

12. Religion de Chile, 1934. 2 v.in 1. illus. — . Valuable chiefly for a 200-page institutional history

5785. Araneda Bravo, Fidel. El arzobispo of the University of Chile by Luis Galdames, but also Errazuriz y la evolucién politica y social includes extensive materials illustrating the organde Chile. Santiago de Chile, 1956. 248 p, 12aton of the university in 1954.

bibl. 5793. Labarca Hubertson, Amanda. Histo-

A good biography of influential Crescente Errazuriz ria de la ensenanza en Chile. Santiago de who was Archbishop of Santiago from 1919 to 1931. Chile, 1939. 399 p. bibl. (Publicaciones

5786. Graham, Agnes. Pioneering with dela Universidad de Chile). | Christ in Chile. Nashville, Tenn., 1942. A very good survey that treats developments in all 160 p. illus.. bibl levels of education and relates these developments to A brief history of the srowth of the Baptist church and general trends in Chile's evolution.

its activities in Chile. 5794. Munoz Hermosilla, José M. Historia

CHILE $39 elemental de la pedagogia chilena. San- B.A., 1957. 1263 p. illus. (Poetas de Es-

tiago de Chile, 1918. 300 p. pana y América). ,

A sound, factual study emphasizing the history of Collected poems of most influential poet (1904-; real primary and normal schools but withsome remarkson name Neftali Ricardo Reyes) of his generation, pre-

: os . 2 ti itically, i i i rimaria en lle, — . santia- . . . .

secondary and higher education. ceded by a brief autobiography. Neruda was also ac579 5. Renin Vieille, Oriol, La ducacién ures Pe | in y, serving as Senator in the Chilean Con

P ; de 5801. Pereira Salas, Eugenio. Historia de la go Chile, 1956. 200 p. mimeo. 7 Chil ; A factual examination of the legal-administrative basis musica en lic, 1850-1 900. Santiago de

of primary education in Chile. The first 70 pages of Chile, 1957. 379 p. illus. (Publicaciones this mimeographed thesis deal with the history of pri- de la Universidad de Chile).

mary education periodized by using the major laws A well-documented, detailed history of music in Chile

passed relating to it as turning points. treating a variety of forms of activity including musical

education, the opera and ballet, military and religious

14. Culture music, and ballroom dancing.

5796. Alonso, Amado. Poesia y estilo de 5802. Pinilla, Norberto. La generacion Pablo Neruda 2. ed. B.A., 1951. 335 p chilena de 1842. Santiago de Chile, 1943.

The best exegesis of the often obscure verse of the 227 p. . .

most outstanding poet of Latin America in his time 4" Outstanding study of the flowering of intellectual

(legal name: Neftali Ricardo Reyes, 1904-) down to _ life in Chile in the 1840’s which was manifested in the his Tercer residencia (1935-1945), including the pas- ©Stablishment of the Literary Society and the Universionate Espafia en el corazon (1937), by a gifted critic sity of Chile. Well documented.

of Spain. [I.L.] 5803. Silva Castro, Raul. Historia critica de 5797. Castillo, Homero, and Rail Silva Cas- la novela chilena, 1843-1956. Madrid, tro. Historia bibliografica de la novela 1960. 425 p. bibl. chilena. Charlottesville, 1961: 214 p. Chapters on significant writers, their works, and re-

Authors arranged in alphabetical order with titles of | ‘ated writers of similar tendencies. [I.L.]

ore LL and indications of contents of each 5804. Silva Castro, Ratl. Panorama lite-

works Lh . rario de Chile. Santiago de Chile, 1961.

5798. Huneeus y Gana, Jorge. Cuadro his- 570 p. bibl.

torico de la produccion intelectual de A useful appraisal by a leading Chilean literary critic Chile. Santiago de Chile, 1910. 880 p. and historian of the contribution of representative (Biblioteca de escritores de Chile 1). Chileans to the full range of literary forms including

This first attempt at writing a comprehensive intellec- poetry the novel drama, the essay, the personal

tual history of Chile is useful as a source of factual ’ ¥ enlucism.

information on the activities of Chileans in literature, 5995 Silva Castro, Ratl. Prensa y perio-

the arts,sciences. the physical anden natural sciences, and dj Santiago °.?.. the fine social ismo Chile, 1812-1956. de

, , Chile, 1958. 413 p.

5799. Iglesias, Augusto. Gabriela Mistral Y A comprehensive history that includes a chapter on el modernismo en Chile: ensayo de cri- the great provincial newspapers and gives emphasis to tica subjetiva. Santiago de Chile, 1949. such influential journals as El Ferrocarril and El Mer-

45? p. curio.

Part | surveys the modernista movement generally; 5806. Torres Rioseco, Arturo. Breve histoPart 2 analyzes the writings of the Nobel Prize (1945) ria de la literatura chilena. México. 1956

winning poetess Part (1889-1957), name, Lucilaof175 pv. (Manua bibl. (Mesles S di !). { ?. ° Godoy Alcayaga; 3 provides real a brief anthology p. bibl. tudium

her poems. [I. L.] A useful survey bythean eminent scholar emphasizing major trends in Chilean literature in the nineteenth

5800. Neruda, Pablo. Obras completas. and twentieth centuries.

540 SINCE INDEPENDENCE K. Argentina, Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries The following entries, removed from Sections L and M contributed by Joseph T.

Criscenti (nineteenth century) and Samuel L. Baily (twentieth century), have been placed in this separate section because they relate to both periods.

5807. Academia Nacional de la Historia, served in the National Congress for two terms, was Buenos Aires. Historia argentina con- governor of the province of Cordoba twice, and was

temporanea, , 1862-1930. .B.A. also ambassador to Brazil. Hethe reminisces aboutthe his an *1963school days, his refusal to seek presidency,

v. 1-7. revolution of 1890, B. Mitre, Juarez Celman, Roque

This long-overdue series supplements Academia Na- Saenz Pefia, and Irigoyen. [J.B.W. ]

cional de la Historia (B.A.), Historia de la nacion ar- , . . ~

gentina. To date the following titles have appeared: 5813. Farré, Luis. Cincuenta anos de filoHistoria de las presidencias, 1862-1930 (2 parts); sofia en Argentina. [B.A., 1958]. 362 p. Historia de la cultura (2 parts); and Historia de la This is acompetent history of philosophy in Argentina

economia (3 parts). [J.C.] from the turn of the century. [J.C.]

5808. Alberini, Coriolano. Die deutsche 5814. Germani, Gino. Estructura social de philosophie in Argentinien. Berlin-Char- la Argentina; andalisis estadistico. B.A.,

lottenburg, 1930. 83 p. (Argentinische 1955. 278 p. (Biblioteca Manuel Bel-

Bucherel). grano de estudios economicos).

This is a scholarly monograph on the indirect influence An important book for social and economic histo-

of German philosophy in Argentina. [J.C.] rians, written by a distinguished Argentine sociologist.

5809. It el is pena well-documented statistical description ArI aBabini im, Jose., lucion a €VvO del ucion gentina’s demographic, economic, and socialofstrucsamiento cientifico enla Argentina. B.A., tures. It is based on national and provincial census

1954. 249 p. illus. figures. [J.B.W.]

This contains an excellent discussion of medica] and °

legal education in the Rosas period, museums, and 5815. Goebel, Julius. The struggle for the the progress of the natural sciences, economics, and Falkland Islands: a study in legal and

sociology. [J.C.] diplomatic history. New Haven, 1927.

5510. Barager, Joseph R. The historiog- A “82 Dus. MAPS. study of legal doctrines

642. [J.B.W.] modern Argentina. [S.B.] _ . .

raphy of the Rio de la Plata area since and political policies with regard to the Anglo-Argen1830. HAHR. v. 39, Nov., 1959: S588- tine dispute over possession of the Falkland Islands.

An excellent introduction to the historiography of 5816. Kroeber, Clifton B. Rosas and the

; revision of Argentine history, 1880-

5811. Bunge, Alejandro E. La economia ar- 1955. RIB. v. 10, Jan.—Mar., 1960: 3-25. gentina. B.A., 1928-1930. 4 Vv. A good historiographical analysis of the revisionists

This survey of the Argentine national economy from __ dividing them into two groups: those writing from the 1810 to about 1921 is a classic. The synthesis it pre- 1880's and those writing from the 1920’s. The author

sents is still useful. [J.C. | nevertheless misses the significance of the left-wing

5812. Carcano, Ramon J. Mis primeros 80 the Notional sue as Re members of F.O.R.J.A. and

anos. B.A., [1943]. 445 p. illus. . ; ;

The memoirs of a distinguished Argentine politician 5817. Levene, Ricardo. Historia del derecho and historian (b. 1860), who between 1910 and 1943 argentino. B.A., [1945-1958]. 11 v.

ARGENTINA 541 This is a monumental work by a leading Argentine A full chronological treatment of diplomatic queshistorian. V. 9 contains an excellent study of each tions involving the two countries. Painstakingly provincial constitution down to 1853. V. 10 includes thorough for the nineteenth century. Less useful for an analysis of Argentine mining, penal, and commer- the more recent period. [C.C.G. ]

cial codes, of Argentine boundary disputes, and of ; , ~ . political and legal ideas in the post-1837 period. Docu- 5824. Podesta, Jose P. La pequena propie-

ments of the Rosas period as well as the correspond- dad rural en la Republica Argentina.

ence of Alejandro Heredia are published in the last B.A., 1923. 114 p.

volume. [J.C.] The author is primarily concerned with the evolution

5818. El movimientoHis of small-scale farming in Argentina, and the infivence a Marotta, P - ss Sebastian. of immigrants. analysis is an important addition sindical argentino: su genesis y desa- to Miguel A. Carcano, Evolucion hist6rica del régimen

rrollo. B.A., 1960-. 2 v. de la tierra piblica, 1810-1916. [J.C.] The author, an active syndicalist labor leader, pro- . ; poses to write a comprehensive history of the Argen- 5825. Rennie, Ysabel F. The Argentine

tine labor movement from 1857 to about the middle of republic. N.Y., 1945. 431 p. illus., bibl. the twentieth ey: Most ore first vorume is given An objective synthesis of political, economic, and over to a detailed account of labor activities between — .acjal developments in Argentina that is based on sec1900 and 1907. V. 2 covers 1907 to 1920. His workis ondary works. The study begins with the immediate

primarily descriptive and includes many documents. antecedents of Rivadavia’s administration, but the Additional volumes are projected. [J.B.W. | emphasis is on the period after 1890. [J.C.]

5819. Mazo, Gabriel del. El radicalismo: 5826. Sommariva, Luis H. Historia de las ensayo sobre su historia y doctrina. B.A., —_intervenciones federales en las provin[1957-1959]. 2 v. (Coleccidn de testi- cias. B.A., 1929-1931. 2 v.

monios politicos). This is the first systematic study of how Article 6 of

A solid and very complete account of the history of | the federal constitution was applied after 1860. [J.C.]

the Union Civica Radical and of Argentine politics .

from 1890 to 1957, written by a well-known pro-Iri- 5827. Tornquist, Ernesto & Co. The ecogoyen member of the party. Includes many useful nomic development of the Argentine Reparty documents in the appendix. Indispensable for public in the last fifty years. B.A., 1919. an understanding of the Radical party. [J.B.W. | 328 p. 5820. Ordaz, Luis. El teatro en el Rio de la A useful descriptive survey of all aspects of the Ar. s gentine economy by one of the oldest and best known Plata: desde sus origenes hasta nuestros banks in Latin America. Although the work covers dias. 2. ed. B.A., [1957]. 347 p. bibl. fifty years, the main focus is on the more recent years. This basic study of the theater in the Rio de la Plata In addition to official sources, it is based on informafirst appeared in 1946. More qreent research has not tion collected by the company. [S.B. ]

marred general |J.©. . del * a a its 5828. Walther,usefulness. Juan C. La conquista

wae Pp

5821. Ortiz, Ricardo M. Historia economica desierto. 2. ed. B.A., [1964]. 832 p. de la Argentina, 1850-1930. B.A., _ illus., maps. (Biblioteca del oficial. Colec[195 5]. bibl. (Biblioteca Manuel Bel- cion historico-militar). grano de estudios econdmicos). This general synthesis of the clash along the southern

This is a detailed and comprehensive analysis of the Indian frontier from colonial times to 1885 first apArgentine economy after 1850. Some of the topics peared in 1948. [J.C.]

studied are the wool cycle (1852-1880), the refrigera- ; .

tion period (1880-1899), immigration, expansion of 5829. Wright, Almon R. Argentina and the

the meat industry, banking, foreign trade, mining, Papacy, 1810-1927. HAHR. v. 18, Feb., public finance, and the means of transportation. 1938: 15-42.

. : ps A survey of conflicts since independence based on

5822. Ortiz, Ricardo M. Valor economico printed sources. Although friction was perennial, de los puertos argentinos. B.A., [1943]. difficulties were eventually solved in all cases, usually

242 p. (Biblioteca de estudios econ6- onanad hoc basis. [C.C.G.]

pnicos). hon themonograph hist i 5830. on Zuretti, Juan C.and Historia is is anllent excellent the history eco- .eclesiastica . nomic importance of Argentine ports. It is a fitting arpentina. B.A., 1945. 339 p. illus., maps, testimony to the research. This ability of the author. [J.C.] DIOL. is a general introduction to Argentine eccle-

5823. Peterson, Harold F. Argentina and the _ siastical history. Only a small portion of the study is

United States, 1810-1960. Albany, devoted to the first hundred years of Argentine in-

: dependence. There are bibliographical references to N. Y., 1964. 627 p. maps, bibl. each subject discussed. [J.C. ]

542 SINCE INDEPENDENCE L. Argentina, 1828-1910 JOSEPH T. CRISCENTI

Esteban Echeverria, author of Dogma socialista (5891), often observed that the inhabitants of Argentina were unable to identify themselves with the Argentine

Republic because they had never been bound together by national ties. The creation of national patriotism, he stated, must precede the establishment of national institutions. This called for the formation of a national culture with a literature that did not ignore the past, but that stressed the accomplishments of the Revolucién de Mayo, the War of Independence, and Argentine heroes. The production of Argentine historical works had languished after 1828, but

when it was revived in 1840, and particularly after 1852, the admonitions of Echeverria were not forgotten. Since then, three themes have dominated Argentine historical literature: the colonial era, the Revolucién de Mayo, and the efforts

of Buenos Aires to organize the nation from 1810 to 1828. In the period of Spanish rule investigators have sought the roots of a common culture. The independence movement has given writers an opportunity to emphasize “‘the collective glories of the revolution’? (Echeverria’s words) and the exploits of Argentine heroes. The widely prevalent cult of the hero has sanctioned the efforts of most, if not all, amateur biographers to record the career of a relative or of a person highly esteemed in the province where they have family ties. In 1864, two years after all the Argentine provinces had been united under one government, Bartolomé Mitre was forced to concede that his condemnation of the provinces and the caudillos in his Historia de Belgrano (3811) for their failure to support the independence movement had been unduly severe, and that the role of the people must be considered in any analysis of a hero. This paved the way for patriots to move the frontiers of historical knowledge from 1828 to 1862, and from the city limits of Buenos Aires to the borders of modern Argentina. What his-

torians needed, however, were useful reference tools, and these were soon forthcoming. In 1866 Antonio Zinny began to publish his valuable bibliographical

guides to the porteno and provincial newspapers that had existed prior to 1852 (5833). A decade later he had finished his recapitulation of the contents of La Gaceta Mercantil de Buenos Aires from 1823 to 1852 (5835). After 1880 historical studies flourished. The importance of archival research

was established as the result of the debate between Mitre and Vicente Fidel Lépez on how to write history, but documents were seldom subjected to critical examination. This was particularly true of the regional, provincial, and local chroniclers whom Zinny had influenced and whose works began to appear after 1885. Other chroniclers, sensitive to the changes taking place in Argentina, scanned all the years since 1810 for data on economic, military, and diplomatic themes of contemporary interest. In 1878 Pelliza suggested that Dorrego had been a force for democracy in Argentina, and that the struggle between Unitarios

ARGENTINA: 1828-1910 543 and Federales was attributable to the rivalry between Buenos Aires and the provinces. This thesis caused political historians, especially partisans of the Federal party, to take a closer look at the Unitario explanation of the Rosas era. First Adolfo Saldias (5926) and then Ernesto Quesada (5880) concluded that the governments of Dorrego and Rosas were indeed the first to represent the democratic elements in Argentine society. Quesada even stated that only Rosas had successfully organized the nation. The role of Justo José de Urquiza was not clear, though his partisans maintained he had been a patriotic Argentine who had worked to consolidate the nation. Estanislao Lopez, Martin Giiemes, and Juan Facundo Quiroga received more favorable treatment, for they emerged from a reappraisal as loyal and patriotic Argentines. When the nineteenth century closed, only a handful of the ‘““Generation of 1837” still survived. Félix Frias, Juan Bautista Alberdi, and Domingo F. Sarmiento had

passed away in the 1880’s, and relatives and friends had already edited all or some of their literary works and correspondence. Vicente Fidel Lopez died in 1903, Mitre in 1906. Portions of the Mitre archives appeared between 1911 and 1914 (5896). They tended to reinforce the argument of the urquicistas that Urquiza and Mitre had had the same basic objectives. Leadership in the field of history gradually was taken over by a group of brilliant young men who had been born after 1860, and especially after 1880. They have stressed national rather than provincial or partisan history, the textual analysis of documents, and the importance of economic factors. They have written some outstanding biographies and have made valuable contributions to the history of constitutional law, ideas, literature, education, art, and the theater. Emilio Ravignani (5847) edited

critical editions of documents, while Ricardo Levene directed a series on the history of towns in the province of Buenos Aires, and wrote numerous monographs. Ricardo R. Caillet-Bois has followed in the footsteps of Ravignani. Enrique M. Barba and Carlos Heras emphasized economic history in their classes

and in their journals Humanidades and Trabajos y comunicaciones. Political historians have moved cautiously into the period beyond Pavon. They have used a

few personal archives, newspapers, and statistics with skill and have expertly blended political and economic history.

This briefly is the general outline of the Argentine historical literature that treats the period 1828 to 1910. The “revisionists”? have not been mentioned, simply because space does not permit an analysis of the numerous directions they have taken or a critique of their scholarship. Fundamentally, they are heirs of the Federalist attacks on the Unitarian or liberal interpretation of Argentine history. One of the best “revisionists,” José Maria Rosa (5934), is included in the bibli-

ography that follows. In constructing the bibliography an effort was made to touch upon every conceivable subject that has received adequate treatment. Available reference works were consulted to assure completeness of coverage. Generally, monographs were preferred to magazine articles, and general treatments to narrow monographs. A reading of the notations will suggest that much of nineteenth-century Argentina remains terra incognita.

544 SINCE INDEPENDENCE 1. Bibliographies and Guides 5838. Diaz, Antonio. Historia politica y

militar de las republicas del Plata desde

5831. Amaral Insiarte, Alfredo, ed. La Plata —_—¢} afio de 1828 hasta el de 1866. Monte-

a través de los viajeros, 1882-1912. La video, 1877-1878. 12 v. in 6.

Plata, 1959. 68 p. The author was an Argentine refugee who served in

Lists travelers’ accounts of La Plata in Spanish, the forces of Oribe. He presents the Rosas-Oribe French, English, Italian, Portuguese, and German. An point of view in discussing the political, military, and

annotated bibliography of 65 titles, arranged alphabet- diplomatic history of the Rosas period and of the ically by the name of the author. In addition to trav- Oribe-Rivera conflicts. For the war years especially,

mentaries as well as diaries. oe . i SB. a 5839. Ferns, Henry S. Britain[S.B. and Argentina elers’ narratives, there are histories and political com- he relies on newspapers.

5832. Trifilo, S. Samuel. A bibliography of in the nineteenth century. Oxford, 1960. British travel books on Argentina: 1810- 517 p. map.

1860. TA. v. 16, Oct., 1959: 133-143. This is a valuable survey of political, economic, and

This actually is a guide to the accounts of English financial relations between Great Britain and Argentravelers who visited Argentina before 1810 as well tina from 1806 to the financial crisis of 1890-1891.

. . ; th of the British ;

as between 1810 and 1860. The study relies heavily, though not exclusively, on

5833. Zinny, Antonio. Efemeridografia ar- © papers of the Britis Foreign Office.

giroparquidtica, 6 sea de las provincias 5840. Ortega, Exequiel C. “{Quiera el

argentinas. B.A., 1868. 300 p. pueblo votar?” Historia electoral argen-

This is a fundamental guide to the periodicals pub- tina, desde la Revolucién de Mayo, a la lished in the provinces prior to 1852. There is an index Ley Saenz Pena, 1810-1912. Bahia

of names. Blanca, [1963]. 630 p. bibl.

5834. Zinny, Antonio. Efemeridografia ar- A very detailed study of electoral practices from 1810

girometropolitana hasta la caida del ‘'!9!2.

gobierno ... B.A. 1869. 545 p. de 3. Rosas Provincial and—Local

This is a fundamental guide to the periodicals of , ~ Buenos Aires (city) to 1852. It has a good index of 841. Braun Menendez, Armando. Pequena

names. historia patagonica: Orllie Antoine 1°,

5835. Zinny, Antonio. La Gaceta Mercantil taal de la Aravcania y Patagonia. Vici de Buenos Aires, 1823-1852: resumen colonizacion en Santa Crug, “Alrede dor de su contenido con relacion a la parte de Piedra Buena. 3. ed. B A. 1959. 310

americana y con especialidad a la histo- > illus map bibl rein " 1 875. 384 p. men active in Patagonia: Orllie Antonio de Tounens,

ria_de la Republica Argentina. B.A., This work consists of three biographical sketches of This is an indispensable source of information on Frnesto Rouquand, and Luis Piedra Buena. Tounens

almost every subject. wanted to be a prince, Rouquand was an industrialist, and Piedra Buena was a governor. The last two ac2. General counts are based on unedited documents.

5836. Alvarez, Juan. Estudio sobre las “ee. eons? Hele: wo bermadores de roan guerras civiles argentinas. B.A., 1914. oza (La oligarquia). Mendoza, 2 v. illus. 221 p. map. This is a political and1951. administrative history of the

This work complements that of Ernesto Quesada, La roy; ofM doza from 1856 to 1891 y

época de Rosas. The gaucho uprisings and rural sup- province en :

port for them are attributed to changes in cattle raising 5843. Hudson, Damian. Recuerdos hist6-

and in the system of trade. ricos sobre la provincia de Cuyo. B.A., 5837. Carranza, Arturo B. La cuestiOon capi- 1898. 2 v. illus. tal de la republica, 1826 a 1887 (antece- Although it contains many errors, this still is the most

: ‘aii. important history of the provinces of Mendoza, San dentes, debates parvamentarios, a ilae Luis, and San Juan. The narrative ends with the year tivas, proyectos de leyes) . . . (con ilus- 1851. Topics discussed include mining companies, traciones, biografias y retratos). B.A., monetary problems, education, taxation, intra- and

1926-1932. 5S v. illus., maps. interprovincial rivalries, the press, and industry.

This intensive study of an important issue in Argen- 5844. Lizondo Borda. Manuel. Historia del tine history is heavily documented. author’s T °XIX. , ‘ol1uCUmMAaN, .? T _ 1948., 300 troduction is especially valuable for his viewsThe on the ucuMan,inSIgiO

political leaders of the period. p. bibl. (Universidad Nacional de Tucu-

ARGENTINA: 1828-1910 545 man. Facultad de Ciencias Culturales y ments between 1810 and 1852 the author emphasizes

Artes. Instituto de Historia 14). the lack of a distinctively Argentine national con-

This incorporates the author’s contribution to the SCIOUSTIESS.

monumental Historia de la nacién argentina and isthe 5850. Dana Montano, Salvador M. Las last volume in his study of Tucuman from discovery primeras constituciones de las provin-

to 1900.developments. Special attention given todata economic C -Ininfl ‘a de€ Alberdi cultural Theisstatistical are ex-and Clas‘as dede uyo. uencia er 1en € |

cellent. derecho publico Mendoza, provincial argentino. 1938. 184 p. illus. 4. Documentary Sources The author of this important work argues convincingly that the constitutions of Mendoza (1854), San Luis

5845. Argentine Republic. Los mensajes. (1855), and San Juan (1856) show the influence of

. . * wn Alberdi on provincial public law. He also studies the

Ton erpontina redactads Me onclogion various attempts to re-establish the ““Estado de Cuyo.”

mente por SUS ‘gobernantes, 1810-1910. 5851. Lafont, Julio B. Historia de la Consti-

Publicaci6n autorizada por la Comision tucion argentina. 3. ed. B.A., 1953. 2 v.

nacional del centenario, H. Mabra- bibl. _, , ,

gafia, 1910. 6 to v neisvalue of Bag important history of ; eeeed.eaB.A., rgentina enhanced by an constitutional extensive bibliog-

Animportant collection of presidential messages. raphy and the valuable documents published in each

5846. Pena, José B. Deuda argentina: co- volume. Documents pertaining to the negotiations of pilacién de leyes decretos. resoluciones Cullen during the French blockade and to Irigoyen’s notas y con tratos sobre la , deuda ptiblica mission in 1852 are found in the second volume.

nacional. B.A., 1907. 2 v. illus. 5852. Matienzo, José N. El gobierno repre-

An invaluable reference work on Argentina’s foreign sentativo federal en la Republica Argen-

and internal debt. tina. B.A., 1910. 469 p.

- K Ds . d political ccesin A na.

5847. Ravignani, Emilio, ed. Asambleas This is a thorough study of governmental institutions

constituyentes argentinas, seguidas de and political practices in rgentina los textos constitucionales, legislativos 5853. Romay, Francisco L. Historia de la y pactos interprovinciales que organi- policia federal Argentina. B.A., 1963zaron politicamente la naci6n: fuentes 1965. 4 v. in 2. illus., bibl. (Biblioteca seleccionadas, y anotadas ppand oucla, An 222-22), 22823oI).ethe federal mi iScoordinadas 18S a scnolarly detailed study Tedera oF ee iento de la ley 11.857. B.A "2 police from 1580 to 1870. It is a solid piece of re-

‘ fe . 6 Vv.Mistoricas Unstituto ae vestige: search. ciones de la Facultad de F1lo- . . . sofia y Letras, Universidad de Buenos 5854. Silva, Carlos A. El poder legislativo de Aires). , la nacion argentina. B.A., 1937-1950. This is an indispensable tool for the student of Argen- 6 Vv. illus., bibl. . ta, tine political history in the nineteenth century. Stu- This is a substantial history of the legislative branch dents of diplomatic and economic history will find the of the Argentine government, from 1810 to 1861. It

work useful but difficult to use. describes the organization of Congress, the congres-

sional rules of debate, the privileges and prerogatives

5.- Fouuics Politi dG of the congressmen, and important an overnment complishments of the the Congress. A legislative large numberacof 5848. Best, Félix. Historia de las guerras ar- documents are reproduced. gentinas, de la independencia, interna- 5855. Zinny, Antonio. Historia de los gober-

cionales, civiles y con el indio. B.A., nadores de las provincias argentinas. rev.

1960. 2 v. illus., maps, bibl. ed. B.A., 1920-1921. 5 v. (La cultura

This is an outstanding summary of Argentine army argentina).

and naval history from 1810 to 1917. Thetraining and The original edition of this work appeared in three equipment of the armies, the military grades and tac- volumes between 1879 and 1882. It is a valuable tics used, regular and irregular forces, natives and for- source of data on provincial developments between eigners as soldiers—all these important subjects re- 1810 and 1881. Numerous documents are published

ceive attention. The treatment is objective. here for the first time. 5849. Criscenti, Joseph. Argentine constitu-

tional history, 1810-1852: a re-examina- 6. Economy

tion. v. 41,yAug., 1961: 367; 412. HAHR. 5856. Bialet Massé, Juan. Informe sobre el

In this study of political and constitutional develop- estado de las clases obreras en el interior

546 SINCE INDEPENDENCE de la republica presentado a Joaquin V. brado en la Argentina. 2. ed. B.A., 1964.

Gonzalez. B.A., 1904. 3 v. illus. 119 p. illus., map, bibl.

This is an excellent study of labor conditions in Ar- This short account of the introduction of wire fencing

gentina. There is a separate chapter on each of the in Argentina after 1855 is based on newspapers, provinces. Wage scales, labor unions, and railroad manuscripts, and published works. An earlier and

workers also are studied. smaller edition of the work appeared in 1955.

5857. Carcano, Miguel A. Evolucion hist6- 5864. Vedia, Agustin de. El banco nacional:

rica del régimen de la tierra publica, historia financiera de la Republica Ar1810-1916. 2. ed. B.A., 1925. xxxiii, gentina. B.A., 1890-.

548 p. bibl. This is a detailed chronicle of the bank from 1811 to

This fundamental work on the public land policy of 1854. Discussed are such subjects as the origins of Argentina first appeared in 1917 and is based on offi- National credit, the organization of the public treasury,

cial publications, congressional reports, newspapers, CUStomhouses, operations of the bank, and paper and periodicals. Separate chapters analyze the land Money. It is based on archival research. Only one laws of the provinces of Buenos Aires, Entre Rios, Volume was published.

Santa Fe, Corrientes, and Cordoba. The other prov- . inces presumably had similar legislation. The author 7. Ideas and Education believes Argentina had no integral agrarian plan during . the period studied. 5865. Berenguer Carisomo, Arturo. Las

. ae ideas estéticas en el teatro argentino.

S858. Coni, Emilio &. 12 yerad sour’ 2 —-B.A., 1947. 438 p. (Instituto Nacional de

; . are: Estudios de Teatro. Biblioteca teatral.

p. (Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facul- Seccién Ensayos y critica 2)

tad de Agronomia y Veterinaria. I). This is a fundamental work in the field of dramatic

This basic study of Rivadavia’s emphyteusis law and criticism. The author critically examines the origins its implementation down to 1869 replaces the super- and the evolution of the Argentine drama down to ficial ones by Andrés Lamas and Nicolas Avellaneda. the 1920's

There is an appendix of documents. ; |,

5859. Cuneo, Niccold. Storia dell’emigra- 5866. Ingenieros, Jose. La evoluci6n de las

zione italiana in Argentina, 1810-1870. ee aoa oe dagestive history ofthe

| Milano, 1940]. 387 p. illus., maps. ; ; ,

This scholarly monograph describes the movement of 1859 “The Minthon relies heater on vee ids Italian intellectuals, merchants, and colonists to Ar- Lépez

gentina and the origins of Argentine-Italian trade. The study is based on the archives of the cities of Turin 5867. Salvadores, Antonino. La instruccion

and Naples and on published works. primaria desde 1810 hasta la sancién de

5860. Hansen, Emilio. La moneda argentina, la Ley 1420. B.A., 1941. 393 p. bibl. estudio histérico. B.A., 1916. 555 p. This is a well-documented introduction to the history

This is an able analysis of money in Argentina from Of elementary education in Argentina from 1810 to

1810 to 1914, with particular emphasis on paper 1884. The author, an admirer of Domingo F. Sar-

1899. the Roman Catholic church.

money prior to 1861 and on the conversion law of miento, sees little value in the educational traditions of

. t . di li ; .

5861. Lorini, Eteocle. La Repubblica Argen- 5868. Soler, Ricaurte. El positivismo argen-

tina e i suoi maggiori problemi di eco- tino: pensamiento filosofico y socionomia e di finanza. Roma, 1902-1910. logico. Panama, 1959. 305 p. bibl.

3 v. bibl This is a documented study of the influence of positiv-

This is an able analysis of Argentine monetary prob a the § Argentine piiosopny a nd sociology, especially

lems from 1880 to 1890 and of Argentina’s external in the years trom °

and internal public debt - 8. Literature and Art 5862. Marotta, Sebastian. El] movimiento ; ; sindical argentino: su génesis y desa- 5869. Bischoff, Efrain U. Tres siglos de

rrollo. B.A., 1960-. (2 v. to 1968) teatro en Cordoba, 1600-1900. Cordoba,

The author, an active labor leader, proposes to write a 1961. 382 p. illus. (Universidad Nacional

comprehensive history of the Argentine labor move- de Cordoba. Facultad de Filosofia y ment from 1857 to about the middle of the twentieth Humanidades. Instituto de Estudios

century. Most of the first volume is given to a A . . ? Serie 31 _ detailed account of labor activities between 1900over and Americanistas. Seriehistérica historica 31).

1907. The second volume describes the labor move- [his study is based on research in the archives of

ment from 1907 to 1920. Cordoba and the newspapers and is fundamentally a ; detailed description of the theater in Cérdoba between

5863. Sbarra, Noel H. Historia del alam- 1854 and 1900.

bibl. _

ARGENTINA: 1828-1880 S47 5870. Castagnino, Raul H. El teatro en A study of the first significant playwright (1875-1910) Buenos Aires durante la época de Rosas, of the River Plate region, including synopses of his 1830-1852. B.A., 1944. 728 p. illus. plays and a detailed bibliography. [1.L.]

This detailed study of the theater and dramatic litera- 9. 1828-1880 ture in Buenos Aires between 1830 and 1852 is based a. General

on Federalist sources, travel accounts, newspapers, .

and printed works. The author concludes that there 5878. Carcano, Ramon J. De Caseros al 11

was no basis for a national drama in the period. de septiembre, 1851-1852. [B.A.] , 1933.

5871. Foppa, Tito L. Diccionario teatral del 320 p. illus. Rio de la Plata. B.A., 1961 [1962]. 1046 This excellent political history of a critical period first

p bibl appeared in 1918. It is essentially a study of the dipThe. eoforence work contains two parts. Part 1, com- lomatic antecedents of the revolution against Rosas prising three-fourths of the volume, is a biographical and o ane Acuerdo de San Nicolas and portefio reac-

dictionary of people identified with the theater in any way. Part 2 consists of a series of essays on various 5879, Carcano, Ramon J. Del sitio de

aspects of the theater. Buenos Aires al campo de Cepeda, 1852-

5872. Galvan Moreno, C. El periodismo ar- _—:1859. B.A., 1921. 855 p.maps. __ gentino. Amplia y documentada histo- Like the previous work, this is primarily a history of

e «9 e ° o9 ° - ,

. s political events in the littoral from 1852 to 1859, but

B. ve 11944) "5 an TS ae bibh (Biblio. some attention is given to diplomatic developments.

teca de escritores argentinos. Obras de 5880. Quesada, Ernesto. La epoca de Rosas,

autores cldsicos y contempordneos 14). su verdadero caracter historico. B.A.,

The history is the best one-volume guide to the pe- 1898. 392 p.

riodical press of Argentina, and especially of the city This objective synthesis of the Rosas period marked of Buenos Aires. The political orientation of the jour- the beginning of a re-evaluation of Rosas that has led

nal is often noted. to the rosista writings of the last few decades on the

, . at dictator. It is based on archival research and other

5873. saree “Acevede> Ma ‘dg ici musica studies of the author. The basic thesis of Quesada is argentina durante el periodo de la organ- that Rosas was a product of his time, and that the izacion nacional. [B.A., 1961]. 115 p. traditional image of Rosas is misleading.

o1eccion Textos). : :

ee: von tenttoa del sesquicentenario. 581. Ruiz Moreno, Martin. La presidencia This is a short but precise summary of musical activi- ce coctor © aor > ae ry la batalla de ties in Argentina from 1852 to 1910. The study lacks a ravon. b./1., 72 Vv. MUS.

bibliography and footnotes. This account of the Derqui administration seeks to

. , , demonstrate that the president himself was responsible

5874. Hernandez, José. Martin Fierro. Co- for the collapse of the Argentine Confederation, and mentado y anotado por Eleuterio F. Tis- that Urquiza was always loyal to the national govern-

cornia. B.A., 1951 [1952].Martin. 674 p. La illus, ™™ . bibl. 5882. Ruiz Moreno, revolucion This is a corrected and expanded version of the monu- contra la tirania y la organizaciOn namental critical edition of Martin Fierro that originally cional. Rosario, 1905-1908. 4 v. appeared in two volumes between 1925 and 1930. The author, a nephew of Justo José de Urquiza and

5875. Lichtblau, Myron I. The Argentine {ite pis uncle as the author of the Campaign of Libera. nove 59 se nineteenth century. N.Y., tion against Rosas and of the national organization that

. . resulted in the Constitution of 1853. He did not suc-

Traces the growth and development from the romantic ceed completely.

novel of the Rosas era through the gaucho theme to the .

realistic and naturalistic novel shortly after the turn of 5883. Scobie, James R. La lucha por la con-

the twentieth century. [I.L.] solidaci6n de la nacionalidad argentina, 5876. Lozano Moujan, José M. Apuntes para —s-: 1852-1862. B.A., 1964. 425 p. bibl. la historia de nuestra pintura y escultura. (Coleccion El pasado argentino).

B.A., illus This is a detailed scholarly account of the decade “t? 71922. eT 228 ; in p.which Buenos Airesand successfully challenged the

The author of this Indispensable reference work wasa —_jeadership of the other provinces in organizing the na-

Painter and art Critic. tion. It is based on extensive research in Argentine

5877. Richardson, Ruth. Florencio Sanchez archives and on the reports of British and United and the Argentine theater. N.Y., 1933. States diplomatic agents.

243 p. 5884. Vedia y Mitre, Mariano de. Historia

548 SINCE INDEPENDENCE de la unidad nacional. B.A., [1952]. 541 lista. Edicion Critica y documentada: p. illus., bibl. (Ediciones argentinas de prologo de Alberto Palcos. La Plata,

cultura). 1940. xcvi, 596 p. illus. (Universidad Na-

This is a very penetrating and scholarly analysis of cional de La Plata. Biblioteca de autores how Argentine national unity was achieved by 1862. nacionales y extranjeros referente a la

It summarizes the views that the author, a distin-monoRepublica A ‘na? guished historian, has expressed in numerous epuouca rgentina 2). we mz

graphic studies. The definitive and annotated edition of Echeverria’s major work contains an impressive collection of documents that contribute to a better understanding of the

b. Documents and Collected Writings Dogma socialista, and a scholarly study of Echeve-

rria by Alberto Palcos. The Palcos monograph, with

. 1 . 1 . Fd vue bd .

5885. Alberdi, Juan B. Escritos péstumos. S°me changes and an appendix of documents, later

. _ appeared separately as Historia de Echeverria (Buenos

va de Francisco Cruz. B.A., 1895-1901. Aires, [1950]).

This is an indispensable source for most of nineteenth- 5892. Frias, Felix. Escritos y discursos. century Argentina. The letters of Alberdi to Urquiza B.A., 1884. 4 v. that appear in v. 14 were published, with some This work contains a representative selection of the changes, in Ramon Jose Carcano, Urquiza y Alberdi, _ writings of Frias. His articles on the Chilean question intimidades de una politica (Buenos Aires, 1938).The have special merit because he was a member of the absence of an index makes it difficult to use the collec- Argentine legation in Chile from 1869 to 1874. tion.

. 5893. La Plata. Universidad Nacional. In-

~8m. een Juan B. Obras completas. stituto de Historia Argentina. Archivo del

Seveial ons vere ited fron this official publica coronel doctor Marcos Paz. Introd. de

tion. Alberdi, a most extraordinary statesman, knew Carlos Heras. La Plata, 1959-1966. 7 v. his country extremely well and was acquainted with This IS an indispensable documentary source for Arnearly all of the men who participated in national or- gentine history from 1835 to 1867. The letters are

ganization after 1852. especially valuable for revealing the political position

; ; of Paz, a tucumano, from 1857 to 1867. A biography

5887. Archivo del General Juan Andrés __ of Paz written by Carlos Paz appears in the first vol-

Gelly y Obes. RBN. v. 21-23, 1949- ume.

1950 [1951-1954]. . 5894. Leguizamon, Martiniano. Papeles de | ; . These letters from the secretariat Argentina from 1802aretounedited 1865. Other portions of this . of

This collection of private and official correspondence" Rosas. B.A., 1935. 170 p.

archive were published earlier in the same journal. Rosas. The letters are not reproduced in their entirety. Instead, Leguizamon quotes extensively from them

5888. Avellaneda, Nicolas. Escritos y dis- inhis valuable essay.

cursos. Juan M. Garro, ed. B.A., 1910. 5895. Marmol, Florencio del. Noticias y

12 v. . | documentos sobre la revolucién de

Avellaneda was president of Argentina from 1874 to setiembre de 1874. B.A., 1876. 640 p. administration is oftenand overlooked because biblD101. it1880. cameHis between those of Sarmiento Roca. V. 11 1MUS.,aT Map,

contains important data on the crisis of 1880. This is the most important single volume of documents

oo. on the Revolution of 1874. Marmol was a member of

5889. La campana libertadora del general the Ejército Constitucional, which was formed by Lavalle, 1838-1842. Introd. de Enrique General Ignacio Rivas.

M. Barba. La Plata, 1944. xxvii, 787 Pp. 5g96. Mitre, Bartolomé. Archivo del Geillus. (Publicaciones del Archivo Histo- neral Mitre: documentos y corresponden-

rico de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. ‘a.cia. B.A.. 1911-1914 B.A., 1911-1914. 28 v.

Documentos del archivo [1). This collection reproduces about half of the Mitre

This is a collection of unedited and previously pub- archives in the Museo Mitre, Buenos Aires. lished documents on Lavalle’s campaign. The docu-

ments shed light on the political orientation of Lavalle. 5897. Mitre Bartolomé. Correspondencia

5890. Draghi Lucero, Juan, ed. Gobierno i literaria, historica y politica del General ajentes diplomaticos de la Reptiblica Ar- Bartolome Mitre. B.A., 1912. 3 v. gentina en Chile, 1836-1847. AUNC. v. This isthe another portion of the Mitre archives kept at Museo Mitre, Buenos Aires. 1, 1941: 3-523. These documents are located in the Archivo Nacional 5898. Mitre, Bartolomé. Correspondencia

de Chile under the title given. Mitre-Elizalde. Prélogo de Luis de Eli5891. Echeverria, Esteban. Dogma socia- zalde. Advertencia de James Scobie y

ARGENTINA: 1828-1880 549 Palmira S. Bollo Cabrios. B.A., [1960]. 1902. 52 v. 578 p. (Documentos para la historia Ar- This is neither a critical nor a definitive edition of

gentina 26). Sarmiento’s writings. There is an index, which is often years 1857 to 1885. to the contents of the collection. An indispensable collection of documents for the listed as v. 53. It is auseful but not a dependable guide

5899. Oro, Domingo de. Papeles de D. 5906. Sarmiento, Domingo F. Sarmiento-—

Domingo de Oro. B.A.. 191].2v Mitre: correspondencia, 1846-1868.

This contains the correspondence of Oro with General B.A., 1911. 382 p. ; ;

Paz on political and military matters from 1829 to Many of these letters were written while Sarmiento 1851, and of José Ballivian with Oro from 1846 to Was minister to Chile (1864), to Peru (1864-1865),

1851. A publication of the Museo Mitre. and to the United erates written (1865-1867). One Section . ; as an assortment of letters between an 5900. Paz, José M. Memorias postumas del 1860.

genera ie Pho pas sence Rebollo, 5907. Toboada, Gaspar, ed. Recuerdos hisOriginally, this work appeared in 1855. The second toricos: ‘Los Taboada, luchas de la

edition contains a section of the Memorias of General organiZacion nacional, documentos selec-

Belgrano. This is an invaluable source for events in cionados y coordinados. B.A., [1929the Rio de la Plata area from 1812 to 1846. 1950]. 5S v. 5901. Pujol, Juan G., ed. Corrientes en la This is an important selection of the personal and offi-

: .3 . cial correspondence of the Taboadas of the province of

dite nacional. 1911. archives 10 v. Santiagoand del Estero. Many of the documents are from 11us. the B.A., family published here for the first

The correspondence and official documents published time. here were selected from the archives of Juan Pujel, governor of the province of Corrientes in the 1850’s.

They were written between 1842 and 1861. C. Memoirs, Description, Travel orp. Rodngue?, a presorio ) Fa Contr 5908. Armaignac, H[enry|. Voyages dans

1921-1922. 3 v y sees les pampas de la République Argentine.

A selection of letters from Juan Lavalle, Florencio Tours, 1883. 472 p. illus., map. , Varela, and Carlos de Alvear, and documents on the ms _French doctor was stationed on the Indian

conspiracy of Maza make this an indispensable docu- {Tontier in the province of Buenos Aires from 1868 to

mentary source for the pre-1852 years. 1870. He gives an excellent description of rural life, of

5003. R J M.C dencj the frontier army, and of social life - ROSAS, Juan - COTrespondencia en-in °Buenos ° . Aires.

tre Rosas, Quiroga y Lépez: recopila- 5909. Daireaux, Emile. La vie et les moeurs cién, notas y estudio preliminar de En- ala Plata. 2. ed. rev. et augm. Paris, 1889. rique M. Barba. B.A., [1958]. 388 p. Social ‘and economic historians interested in the sec-

(Coleccion el pasado argentino). ond half of the nineteenth century will find Daireaux Most of the documents are published here for the first comprehensive and objective. The work is based on

time. They refer to attempts at national organiza- the observations made by the author during a resi-

tion between 1830 and 1839 and shed light on the rela- dence of ten years in Argentina. tions of Rosas with Lé6pez and Quiroga. The introduc- ; . . . tory essay by Enrique M. Barba, the foremost 5910. Ferré, Pedro. Memoria del brigadier

authority on the Rosas period, provides a valuable general Pedro Ferré, octubre de 1821 a introduction to the material and to the relevant his- diciembre de 1842. B.A., 1921. 991 p. map. 5904. Sarmiento, F. Epistolario Ferre was an important andperiod. governor His of the ; _Domingo province of Corrientes during thecaudillo Rosas entre Sar miento y Posse, 1845-1 888. account is seldom used, but it is a very valuable source [Aclaraciones y biografia por Antonio of information on the politics and economy of the up-

P. Castro] B.A., 1946-1947. 2 v. illus. _ river provinces.

USE See hina del Museo 5911. Hudson, William H. Far away and This is an excellent edition of the correspondence be- pei Raa mis ory of my early life. N.Y.,

tween Sarmiento and Posse found in the Museo His- 1918. 3: p. WtUS. torico Sarmiento. This is essentially a description of life on the Argentine

pampas in the last half of the nineteenth century. The

5905. Sarmiento, Domingo F. Obras com- author’s recollections of the 1880’s appear in his /dle pletas. Luis Montt y Augusto Belin Sar- #45 in Patagonia (London, 1893).

miento, comp. Santiago de Chile, 1887-— 5912. Hutchinson, Thomas J. Buenos Ayres

550 SINCE INDEPENDENCE and Argentine gleanings: with extracts 5917. Palliére, Jean L. Diario de viaje por

from a diary of Salado exploration in la América del Sud, con una introduc1862 and 1863. London, 1865. 321 p. cion sobre la vida y la obra del artista,

illus., maps. ilustrada con acuarelas, grabados y di-

Hutchinson, the British consul at Rosario, is not al- bujos desconocidos ejecutados en Améways accurate or sympathetic with the Argentines, rica y en Europa. Tr. de Miguel Sola y

but his workcolonies, is a valuable source forand data on trade,on Ricardo Gutié ; B A 1945]. agricultural immigration, especially Ricardo Gutierrez. B.A., [344 ]. p.

the province of Santiago del Estero. illus.

. , . The drawings and water colors of Palliére provide us

5913. Iriarte, Tomas de. Memorias. Estu- with a pictorial record of Argentina from 1856 to 1866.

dios de Enrique de Gandia. ; . Ayres and B.A preliminares _ «A 5918. Parish, Woodbine. Buenos .A., 1946-1957. 5 v. (Coleccién de h ; f the Rio de la Plata: thej

grandes obras hist6éricas americanas 4). the provinces of the Kio de ta Pata: their

Sections of these memoirs were published separately present state, trade, and debt; with some under various subtitles as follows: (1) Juan Manuel de account from original documents of the

Rosas y la desorganizacion nacional, (2) Luchas de progress of geographical discovery in unitarios, federales y mazorqueros en el Rio de la those parts of South America during the

Plata, Historia de la de expedicion LondLondon, 1839. 4]. S p. de Juan(3) Lavalle, (4) tragica Juan Manuel Rosas y lalibertadora de- last sixty| .years.

fensa de Montevideo, and (5S) Juan Manuel de Rosas illus., map.

y la intervencién de Francia e Inglaterra. Though they ‘Parish established his residence in Buenos Aires in begin in 1794 and end in 1847, these memoirs were 1824 and became the friend of Rivadavia, Rosas, and written between 1835 and 1847. Like others of their Dorrego. His work contains little on politics, but it is genre, they are interesting and useful and often mis- an important source of information on the provinces of

leading. Entre Rios, Cordoba, La Rioja, and especially Salta.

5914. Isabelle, Arsene. Voyage a Buenos- 5919. Sarmiento, Domingo F. Facundo: ed.

Ayres et a Porto-Alégre, par la Banda- critica y documentada. Proélogo de AIOriental, les missions d’ Uruguay et la berto Palcos. La Plata, 1938. 474 p. illus. province de Ruio-Grande-do-Sul. (De (Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Bi1830 a 1834). Suivi de considérations blioteca de autores nacionales y extransur l’état du commerce francaise a |’ex- jeros referente a la Republica Argentérieur, et principalemente au Brésil et tina 1).

illus., map. work.

au Rio-de-la-Plata. Havre, 1835. 618 p. This is the definitive edition of Sarmiento’s famous

This travel account contains perhaps the most compre- 5920. Seymour, Richard Arthur. Pioneering

hensive and impartial description of Buenos Aires in the pampas: or, the first four years of a

(city)—its customs, its police and government, its ttler’ . . the La manufacturing and commercial activities, its people — setuers experience in €Plat a ata

map. we

between 1830 and 1833. In political matters the author camps. 2. ed. London, 1870. 180 p. map.

reveals his sympathy for the exiled Unitarios and his This account originally appeared in 1869. Seymour,

antipathy to Rosas and all he represented. who was in Argentina from March, 1865, to October,

a 1868, describes the problems of sheep raising and

S915. Latham, Wilfrid. The States of the farming near Fraile Muerto, Cordoba.

River Plate. 2. ed. London, 1868. 381 p.

This is an important source on cattle and sheep ranch- d. Government and Politics

ing and on farming in Argentina. The second edition ,

contains an account of Latham’s experiences in the 5921. Allende, Andres R. La frontera y la Rio de la Plata, and an interesting essay on the impact campana del Estado de Buenos Aires, of immigration and improved means of transportation 1852-1853. [La Plata, 1958]. 185 p.

on Argentina. (Universidad Nacional de La Plata. 5916. Martin de Moussy, Jean A. V. Atlas. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de Description geographique et statistique la Educacion. Departamento de Historia.

de la confédération Argentine. Paris, Monografias y tesis 2).

1860-1873. 3 v. This scholarly monograph is the first installment of a

This undoubtedly is the most comprehensive and the major work on the Indian problem and the frontier in

most reliable description of Argentina around the Argentina. The author had access to the archives of middle of the nineteenth century. Each province the Argentine army.

receives the same thorough treatment. There are .

documents at the end of the third volume. The author 5922. Caminos de Artola, Aurora R. La aclived in the Rio de la Plata area from 1841 to 1859. ci0n del general Paz en el interior, 1829-

ARGENTINA: 1828-1880 55] 1831. Cérdoba, 1962. 174 p. illus., bibl. Argentine historians, which is unfortunate.

(Universidad Nacional de Cordoba. 5927. Tau Anzoategui, Victor. Formacién

Facultad de Filosofia y Humanidades. del Estado federal argentino (1829Instituto de Estudios Americanistas. 1852): la intervenci6n del gobierno de

Serie historica 29). _ . Buenos Aires en los asuntos nacionales.

This Is a scholarly analysis of provincial reaction to B.A., 1965. 230 p. bibl. (Coleccién de the of General Paz toward in thenational province oflos Cérhi ‘adel delderecho d h ardobaactivities and of General Paz’s attitude estuc paradi la la historia

organization. The author bases her study on a careful gentino 7).

reading of manuscripts in national and provincial ar- This is an outstanding study of federalism in Argenchives and of thirty-seven contemporary newspapers. tina and especially of how the governor of Buenos

5923. Di . Aires used his authority to conduct the foreign rela- U1aZ, Benito. J uzgados de paz de CaMm- tions of the provinces to further the reappearance of pana de la provincia de Buenos Aires, _ the Argentine national state in 1853.

ee I~] a [La Plata, 1959] 284 P- 5928. Victorica, Julio. Urquiza y Mitre,

Plats bibl. (Universidad Nacional de La contribucién al estudio histérico de la lata. Facultad de Humanidades y organizaci6n nacional. B.A., 1906. 607

Ciencias de la Educaci6én Departamento p. illus.

de Historia. Monografias y tesis 3) . Victorica, the brother of Urquiza’s secretary and son-

This is a carefully documented study that describes in-law, tried here to rehabilitate Urquiza and to reduce the origins and evolution of the office of justice of the the stature of Mitre. The documentation is inadequate. peace in the province of Buenos Aires.

5924. Gargaro, Alfredo. Ibarra y la coalicién e. Foreign Relations del norte: prdlogo del dr. Ricardo

eee ee also Part VII, A

Levene. Santiago del Estero, 1940. 158 p. See I, A)

This is an outstanding analysis of the crisis of 1840 5929, Beverina, Juan. La guerra del Para-

and the relations of Felipe [barra of Santiago del . Estero with Manuel Oribe and Gregorio A. de La guay, las Operaciones de la gueira en

Madrid. territorio argentino y brasileno. B.A., , , . 1921-[ 1933]. 7 v. maps, bibl.

5925. La Plata. Universidad Nacional. Fa- This is an extraordinary and definitive military history cultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la of the Paraguayan War (1865-1870).

Heacon jes eae ce i Pacuitad de 5930. Cady, John F. Foreign intervention in D man F isting Sarmiento en el ses the Rio de Ja Plata, 1835-1850. Phila-

Fcenter a d miento. La Plat delphia, 1929. 296 p. maps, bibl.

quicentenar1o de su nacimento. La Flata, = This valuable examination of a complicated period in

I 961. 3 v. (Humanidades 37). Argentine diplomatic history is based essentially on

This is a very important publication on Sarmiento. archival research in France, Great Britain, and the Contributions deserving of special mention are United States.

Andrés R. Allende, “La guerra de fronteras durante , ;

la presidencia de Sarmiento”; Beatriz Bosch, ‘“Ur- 5931. Carcano, Ramon J. Guer ra de] Para-

quiza y la presidencia de Sarmiento’’; Carlos Heras, guay: accion y reaccion de la Triple Sarmiente en la ovorma constitucional de eee ; Alianza. B.A., 1941. 2 v. illus. Carlos R. Melo, “Las provincias durante la presiden- — This study is more comprehensive than that of Box on cia de Sarmiento (1868~1874)"; José Panettieri, ““Sar- the Paraguayan War, for it examines the conduct of

miento y la industria”; and Lia M. Sanucci, “Sar- the political leaders in the littoral and interior promiento en la renovacion presidencial de 1880. vinces and the relations of Argentina with Paraguay

5926. Saldias, Adolfo. Historia de la Con- 2° 0727" t0 1876. 2

federacion Argentina: Rosas y su época. 5932. Colli, Nestor S. La politica francesa en

2. ed. B.A., 1892. 5 v. illus. el Rio de la Plata: Rosas y el bloqueo de

This work originally consisted of three volumes that I 838-1 840. B.A., 1963. 396 p. bibl.

were published in Paris between 1881 and 1887 with This is an expansion of the author’s earlier study, the title, Historia de Rosas y su época. The second Rosas a través de la intervencién francesa en el Rio de edition is listed here because it is the one most fre- /a Plata, 1838-1840 (1948). This objective study is quently cited. A third and final edition appeared in probably the best Argentine work on the French in1911, and it contains a valuable appendix of docu- tervention of 1838-1840. It is based on foreign and

ments. Saldias, a former secretary of Domingo F. national archives, Uruguayan and Argentine newsSarmiento, sought to rehabilitate Rosas. He was the Papers, and published works.

first writer on the Rosas period whose perspective . . was not influenced by pleasant or bitter memories. He 5933. Pereyra, Carlos. Rosas y Thiers: la was born in 1850. His work has not impressed most diplomacia europea en el Rio de la Plata,

552 SINCE INDEPENDENCE 1838-1850. Madrid, 1919. 251 p. (Biblio- articles: “La regulacién del aprendizaje industrial en

teca de la juventud hispano-ameri- Buenos Aires, 1810-1835,” RIHD, v. 14, 1963:

cana 15) 59-86; “‘Notas sobre el empresario industrial en , i f° d und d study. but that Buenos Aires, 1810-1835,” BA, 35, abr.—jun., 1964:

A journalistic and undocumented study, but one that —}g_39. “Fy capital y la técnica en la industria portefia,

is important as an early example of pro-Rosas revi- 9191835. and “Proteccion y librecambio durante

sionism. [C.C.G.] el periodo, 1820-1835,” BANH, v. 34, 1964: 69-93, 5934. Rosa, José M. La caida de Rosas: el OF et th The scholarly quality of these publications

Imperio de Brasil y laConfederacién Ar- fintivestudy.

gentina (1843-1851). Guerra argentino- 5939. P _ CA La cris brasilefia de 1851. Gestion del pronun- °77" anettieri, José A. La crisis ganadera:

ciamiento de Urquiza. Los , ura easeconomica en torno ay un camGel enpais, la ied tratados de Rio de Janeiro.Caseros. Madrid, 1958. Social ~

628 p. bibl. 1871. [La Plata, 1965]. 122 p. bibl. (Uni-

This well-documented study by a leading Argentine versidad Nacional de La P lata. Facultad economic nationalist is valuable for its analysis of de Humanidades y Ciencias de la EducaArgentine-Brazilian relations from 1843 to 1851. His cidn. Departamento de Historia. Mono-

rosista bias colors the interpretation. erafia y tesis 6).

This interpretative essay suggests that the wool crisis

f. Economy of the 1860’s led Argentines to think of industrializing

. ; in order to change their social-economic structure and

5935. Arcondo, Anibal B. La agricultura en to reduce their dependence on export markets.

illus. imum. (Universidad Nacions i a 5940. Scobie, James R. Revolution on the

Ree d ba a ltad de Filosofi Hu. pampas: a social history of Argentine Cerdope: Facultad de ios ¥ Hu- heat, i860 1910, ‘Austin, 1964). 20

; oe p. illus., maps, bibl.1). (Latin American ; .easf monographs

canistas. Série historica 34).

This study is an excellent introduction to the agricul- This is a scholarly monograph on the development and

tural history of the province of Cordoba during a _ ; decade of change. significance of the Argentine wheat economy.

5936. Burgin, Miron. The economic aspects Bioeravh of Argentine federalism, 1820-1852. &. BlOgrapny Cambridge, Mass., 1946. 304 p. bibl. 5941. Acuiia, Angel. Mitre historiador.

(Harvard economic studies 78). B.A., 1936. 2 v.

This scholarly study of the economic aspects of Ar- This is a thoughtful analysis of the political and ecogentine federalism is outstanding. A Spanish edition nomic influences that contributed to the intellectual appeared with the title, Aspectos econdmicos del formation of Mitre, with special attention given to his federalismo argentino (B.A., 1960). It has a stimulat- ideas on history.

ing introductory essay by Beatriz Bosch. te. ; ;

937 . Hi “a de | 5942. Alonso Pineiro, Armando. Historia del

5937. enecoreses Horacio J eB € ta general Viamonte y su época. Prélogo de conversion Ge! papel moneda en buenos —s_ Carlos SAnchez Viamonte. [B.A., 1959].

Aires, La Plata, 1959. 409 418 ll bib]Aula 2 ; . 1861-1867. ; ; p. illus., bibl. (Coleccion p. bibl. (Universidad Nacional de La magna).

Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Cien- This scholarly and original biography makes a signifcias de la Educacién. Departamento de __ icant contribution to our knowledge of Viamonte and

Historia. Monografias y tesis 5). his times. It is based on the archives of Viamonte. This excellent contribution to Argentine economic 5943. Bosch Vinelli, Beatriz. Urquiza, el

history is an analysis in depth of the attempt made izad B.A..ain 1963. Bibli from 1861 to 1867 to change the monetary system, to organizador. on p.111 ( S1D110convert paper money. The financial problem is dis- teca de América. Libros del tiempo cussed without losing sight of the political and eco- nuevo 13).

nomic situation. The author of this short biography is an outstanding . - , . . scholar of Entre Rios who has specialized in the life of 5938. Mariluz Urquijo, José M. La industria the provincial hero, Urquiza. At the end of each chapsombr seller nana yerprimas, ee de as ter there is a small materias — , bibliographical .v.Williams. 12, section. . cane 1964: 139-161. 5944, Bunkley, Allison The life of

This is part of a proposed monograph on the hat in- Sarmiento. Princeton, 1952. 566 p. illus., dustry in Buenos Aires from 1810 to 1835. Other bibl. aspects of the industry are described in the following This is an important, though not definitive, biography

ARGENTINA: 1880-1910 $§3 of Sarmiento. It is well written and well documented. 5952. Mayer, Jorge M. Alberdi y su tiempo.

The author had access to the extensive but seldom [B.A. 1963]. 1006 p. illus., maps, bibl. used manuscript collection in the Museo Histdérico (Bibli ot eca de América) ° , Sarmiento (Buenos Aires). The stress is on Sarmien- Thi I hensi d sch la Iv bj hy of Al

to’s experiences and intellectual formation prior to Is comprehensive ane scholarly o1ograpnhy Of Ar travel accounts, pamphlets, published works, and a

1852. berdi is based on a careful examination of newspapers,

5945. Celesia, Ernesto H. Rosas: aportes variety of manuscript collections. It successfully aspara su historia. B.A., [1954]. 505 p. _ Sesses the significance of Alberdi and corrects many

illus misconceptions concerning his activities and ideas.

This j ° biecti d well-d ted bi h This remarkable monograph is indispensable for of Rosas fro e806 ‘0 1833 “Tt is based on mew re. students of Argentina in the nineteenth century.

search. The author publishes a valuable collection of 5953. Rivarola, Rodolfo. Mitre: una década documents. de su vida politica, 1852-1862. B.A.,

5946. Chaneton, Abel. Historia de Vélez 1921. 255 p.

Sarsfield. B.A., 1937. 2 v. (Biblioteca de This is a well-written and sympathetic study of ten la Sociedad de Historia Argentina) significant years in the political career of Mitre. This work consists of two valuable parts, one anout- 5954, Rojas, Ricardo. El profeta de la standing biography of Vélez Sarsfield, and the other a pampa: vida de Sarmiento. B.A.., [194 5] sound study of Argentine private law and of Vélez 728 p. bibl

Sarsfield’s civil code. £20 Pp. DIDI. .

This biography, almost a definitive one, is an exhaus-

° " miento. Over half of the work is concerned with

5947. Galvez, Manuel. Vida de don Juan tive and impartial study of the life and works of SarManuel de Rosas. B.A., 1940. 581 p. Sarmiento’s development in the years prior to the

Inbibl. “onif stabirosista hv R overthrow Rosas. this significant DIOgraphyofKosas IS por- , , ,

trayed as a pragmatist, a realist, a defender of the 5955. Teran, Juan B. J ose Maria Paz, 1791-

Catholic faith, and the main obstacle to European 1854: su gloria sin estrella, su genio

conquest of America. moral. B.A., | 1936]. 316 p. illus. ° ‘ . This excellent biography of Paz is based on manu5948. Gianello, Leoncio. Florencio Varela. scripts, and especially on the archives of Paz himself. B.A., | 948. 629 p. illus. bibl. The emphasis is on the political ideas of Paz. This excellent biography of Varela is a synthesis of . . the best scholarship on the leading critic of the Rosas 5956. Verdevoye, Paul. Domingo Faustino regime. Varela was the energetic editor of El Comer- Sarmiento, éducateur et publiciste (entre cio del Plata of Montevideo until his death; a close : : friend of Valentine Alsina, Thomas H. Hood, and p>? et aere Panis, ne - 651 p. bibl. Santiago Vasquez; and an unofficial agent in Europe ( Tavaux € emMoires ). 4 of the Montevideo government. This detailed and scholarly biography makes a signif-

icant and original contribution to Argentine intellec-

ete ? . miento. Republica. B.A., 1948. 599 p. illus. , yo. , This is a sympathetic biography of the man who 5957. Zorraquin Becu, Ricardo. Marcelino

5949. Gonzalez Arrili. Bernardo. Vida de tual history. The carefully annotated bibliography is Rufino de Elizalde , un constructor de la an exhaustive guide to the relevant literature on Sar-

served as minister of foreign relations in the adminis- Ugarte, 1822-1872: un jurista en la trations ° Mitre and Avellaneda. May especially época de la organizacién nacional. B.A., riod. It is based on the archives of the Elizalde family. 1954. 333 p. bibl. illus. (Coleccion de estudios para la historia del derecho ar-

valuable for an understanding of the - pe- . . - 2

5950. Ibarguren, Carlos. Juan Manuel de gentino 5).

Rosas: su vida, su drama, su tiempo. This impressive and stimulating biography describes

B.A., 1933. 470 p. Ugarte’s legal training and contributions to the estab-

This biography of Rosas by an ultranationalist is well lishment of a judicial system after 1852. The emphasis

documented and unusually objective. is on Ugarte as a lawyer rather than as a politician.

5951. Irazusta, Julio. Vida politica de Juan _ Manuel de Rosas, a través de su corre- 10. 1880-1910

spondencia. B.A., 1941-1961. 5 v. a. Documents and Collected Writings

The author is reasonably objective, though he ob- . . viously admires Rosas and has not stressed letters 5258. Alem, Leandro N. Mensaje y destino.

from the enemies of Rosas. Many of the documents B.A., [1955-1956]. 8 v. illus.

inserted in the text appear here for the first ttme. The This is a collection of source materials for the period value of the work is further enhanced by the author’s 1880-1891, and especially on the Unién Civica and

commentary on the correspondence. the Revolution of 1890. The crises of 1880 and 1890

554 SINCE INDEPENDENCE are studied in a significant article by Julio Aramburu anos. 2. ed. B.A., [1944]. 445 p. illus. entitled Historia de los partidos Poniticos, _argen- —_—- This distinguished Argentine political figure and his-

tinos,” which appears in the first volume. Edited by _torian who was born in 1860 reminisces about his

Roberto Etchepareborda. school days, his refusal to seek the presidency, the

La Plata, 1949. 6 v. _

5959. Alem, Leandro N. Obra parlamentaria. en dirie oven” Juarez Celman, Roque These volumes cover the political activities of Alem 5967. Huret, Jules. En Argentine: de as a member of the provincial legislature of Buenos Buenos-Aires au Gran Chaco. Paris

Aires and of the national congress. The third volume 1913. 529 p. ,

contains the important debates of 1880. This French journalist established his temporary resi5960., Buenos Legislatura. denve of in Buenos contributed to ha Nacion. ; ; ; nAires this(Province). volume, the first two,Aires he ane records his impresc amara # Diputados. Personalid agp ta sions of Argentine society as he saw it in Buenos amen € Jose mernandez. La Plata, = Aires, Tucuman, Jujuy, Salta, Corrientes, Entre Rios,

1947.3 v. and Misiones.

The first two volumes consist of the speeches Hernan- .

dez made between 1879 and 1886 as a member of the 5268. Huret, J ules. Fn Argentine: de la provincial legislature of Buenos Aires. The third vol- Plata a la Cordillére des Andes, avec une ume contains reproductions of Las dos politicas and carte de la République Argentine. Paris,

Vida del Chaco. 1913. 546 p. map.

5961. Gonzalez, Joaquin V. Obras com- This is actually the second volume of the previous pletas. Prélogo del dr. Ricardo Levene. work, but it generally is listed separately. Here, the

B.A.. 1935-1937. 25 v author describes the society he saw on numerous trips

Gonzalez was a statesman an educator, an author Hae the (Argentine inter or. His observations on Corand a jurist. He was the founder of the Universidad Blanca are sspocialiy valvable del Plata, and Bahia

Nacional de La Plata. His works contain valuable

information on the period from 1890 to 1920. 5969. Turner, Thomas A. Argentina and the

5962. Landerberger, José M., and Francisco ‘argentine: notes and impressions of a M. Conte, comps. Origen, organizacion y ve years sojourn in the Argentine Re-

tendencias de la Uni6én Civica: relacién ite 1885-1890. London, 1892. 370

histérica, 1889-1 de setiembre de 1890. p. Wtus. _

B.A.. 1890 The author gives an excellent description of Argen-

This ‘is a collection of important articles and docu- tna, and especially of the cities of Buenos Aires and ments. The writings of Francisco A. Borroetavena are a hate.

of special importance. 5970. Yofre, Felipe. El congreso de Bel-

. P , ine Congress

5963. Pellegrini, Carlos. Obras: precedidas a ‘ano (ano 1880). B. ‘. : | 228. 238 P. de un ensayo biografico por Agustin in 1880 recalls the issues that appeared during the Rivero Astengo. B.A., 1941. 5 v. illus., administration of Avellaneda, the federalization of

bibl. Buenos Aires (city), and the presidential elections of

The first two volumes contain an exceptional biogra- 1880. phy of Pellegrini; the third, his speeches and writings.

b. Memoirs, Description, Travel c. Government, Politics, Foreign Relations

5964. Amico, Carlos d’. Buenos Aires, sus (See also Part VII, A) hombres, su politica, 1860-1890. 2 ed. 5971. Balestra, Juan. El noventa: una evolu-

[B.A., 1952]. 306 p. (Coleccion Historia . ae ;

y tra dicién argentinas) cidn politica argentina. 2. ed. B.A., 1935.

A critical study of the administration of Governor _ . 270 Pp. ws

Maximo Paz of Buenos Aires. and of the economic This is a satisfactory account of the political and eco-

“oi nomic crisis of 1889-1890, the organization of the Union Civica, and the Revolution of 1890. The author

crisis of 1890

5965. Amico, Carlos d’. Siete anos en el wasamember of the government at the time.

Aes P. minantes de la revolucion del 90. CC. v.

gobierno provincia de Buenos Aires. 5972. Barreiro, José P. Las causas deterThe author, a prominent porteno political leader, 16.0 ct a ov.. 1940: 5000-20 53

focuses his attention on the political activities of Dr. , *. _ -* ; : Dardo Rocha. His revelations help explain Argentine [he revolution of 1890 is attributed to the hostility

politics between 1880 and 1887 of the oligarchy to civil rights and certain individuals

oo and to the dissipation of the public domain by Con-

5966. Carcano, Ramon J. Mis primeros 80 _ gress. This is a documented study.

ARGENTINA: 1880-1910 SSS 5973. La crisis del 90. RHBA. no. 1, 1957. cuencias. B.A., 1890. 2 v.

148 p. The writer was the secretary of General Manuel J.

Among the important articles published in this issue Campos. pus work is a history of the Revolution of are the following: Andrés R. Allende, ‘Las reformas , wi _ Supporting documents. The author later liberales de Roca y Juarez Celman”; Luis V.Sommi, ™0dified his early view of the movement.

“La estructura economico-social de la Argentina en 5980. Pereyra, Horacio J La reforma a la 1890”; Dardo Ciineo, “Las dos corrientes del movi- ° ~ a ; miento obrero en el 90”; Norberto Rodriguez Busta- ley electoral del ano 1902: proyecto de mante, ‘Las ideas pedagégicas y filosdficas de la ge- Joaquin V. Gonzalez. TC. v. 7, 1958: neraci6on del 80”; and Roberto Etchepareborda, ‘“‘Notas 135-175. bibliograficas sobre la historiografia y el periodismo The author argues convincingly that the electoral re-

de 1880 y 1890.” form law of 1902 was inspired by the urban and rural +» transformation that had taken place since 1890 as a

opositora durante la presidencia de Car- a , los Pellegrini, 1890-1892. BIHA. v. 3, 5981. Sanucci, Lia E. M. La renovacion

5974. Etchepareborda, Roberto. Accion result of the immigrant invasion.

2 ser., 1958 [1961]: 1-51. presidencial de 1880. [La Plata, 1959].

This is a detailed analysis of the political and economic 220 p. bibl. (Universidad Nacional de situation when Judrez Celman resigned from the presi- La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y dency, the revolutions in Cordoba and Catamarca in Ciencias de la Educacién. Departamento

1891, and the state of siege of 1892. There is a bibliog- I: . .

raphy and a small selection of documents. de Historia. Monogr afias y tesis 4). .

This impressive monograph is concerned with the 5975. Galindez, Bartolomé. Historia politica consequences of the Revolution of 1874 and the death

argentina: la revolucién del 80. B.A., 0f Adolfo Alsina, the election campaign of 1880, the

situation province ofThe Corrientes, and ,1945. ° / ip.387 , thepolitical electoral victory in ofthe Roca in 1880. author later

This perhaps is the most comprehensive study of the — expanded her analysis of Sarmiento’s role in the elec-

Revolution of 1880. The author, a portefio partisan of tions of 1880 in “Sarmiento en la renovacion presiRoca, presents an over-all view of economic develop- dencial de 1880,” H. (La Plata), v. 37, 1961:255-279.

ments between 1852 and 1880 and an analysis of the

political situation in the provinces, especially Entre 5982. Vedia y Mitre, Mariano de. La revolu-

Rios and Corrientes. The account is based partly on ci6n del 90: origen y fundacion de la unpublished documents. vy. wees oe ; Union Civica, causas, desarrollo y con-

5976. Hipolito Yrigoyen, pueblo y gobierno. secuencias de la revolucién de julio.

2. ed. B.A., [1956]. 12 v. bibl. B.A., 1929. 270 p. illus.

Félix Luna has written a biography of Yrigoyen for This solid study of the Revolution of 1890 is based on the first volume. A scholarly analysis of the critical published documents and the testimony of many parti-

events of 1890, 1891, 1893, and 1905 appears in cipants. Roberto Etchepareborda, ‘“‘Las revoluciones radi-

cales,” v. 3, 105-373. Another important article is that of Héctor R. Orlandi entitled “Yrigoyen y la d. Economy and Society Union Civica” and the crises of 1890, 1893, and 1905

appear in v. 2. V. 3 contains many documents pertain- 5983. Ford, A [lec] G. The gold standard,

. . entine mone-

ing to Leandro Alem. 1880-1914: Britain and Argentina. Ox-

5977. Mazo, Gabriel del. El radicalismo: en- A Tord, | 762 200 p. illus. dy of Argentine mo sayo sobre su historia y doctrina. B.A., tary problems between 1880 and 1914.

°_°1a-

[1957-1959]. 3 v. (Coleccién de testi- . .

monios politicos). 5984. Gallo, Ezequiel, hijo. Santa Fe en la

This is an excellent history of the origins and develop- segunda mitad del siglo XIX: transforma-

ment of the Radical party. c1ones en su estructura regional. AIHR.

5978. Melo, Carlos R. La campana presi- This ot ebotart o oneataph on the social and eco

dencial de 1885 1886. Conferencia PIO- nomic transformations the province of Santa Fe exnunciada en el Instituto Popular de _ perienced as a result of the influx of immigrants and Conferencias de la ciudad de Buenos _ the development of agriculture.

Aires, cy 23 de mayo de 1946. Cordoba, 595, Germani, Gino. Estructura social de this ie thoteagh analysis of political parties, elec la argentina: analisis estadistico. B.A., toral districts, the provincial policy of Roca, and the 1955. 278 Pp. (B ibliote ca Manuel Bel-

. ; - This contains a valuable analysis of the changes that

5979. Mendia, José M. La revolucion (su took place in the Argentine social structure in the cronica detallada) antecedentes y conse- 1880's. It is based on national and provincial census

$56 SINCE INDEPENDENCE

figures. studies 22). . . This is a study of Argentine paper money and foreign 5986. Hanson, Simon G. Argentine meat and trade and the effects of the Baring panic of 1890-1895. the British market: chapters inthe history The author concludes that the Argentine economy was of the Argentine meat industry. Stan- _ sensitive to conditions in the international money mar-

ford, [1938]. 294 p. bibl. kets.

This is a study of the development of the Argentine 5991, Yunque, Alvaro [pseudonym for livestock industry, with particular emphasis on the ave, Z, commercial relations between Argentina and Great Aristides Gandolfi Herr ero]. Calfucura:

Britain. la conquista de las pampas. B.A., 1956.

5987. Miré, M.ei]. [Julian Martel]. illus., bibl. picture of the land scandals ° Ird, JoseJosé . ulan a Yunque givesLan excellent bolsa, novella. B.A., [1942]. 244 p. (Bi- that followed the conquest of the desert by General

blioteca clasica americana 1). Roca. This social novel originally appeared in 1890. It por-

trays a Buenos Aires full of merchants and adventur- e. Biographies ers and completely given over to materialistic pursuits. ; 5988. Panettieri, José. Los trabajadores en atte ree, Jose. peg 843 T ? a: su vida,

tiempos de laprobably inmigraciOn is masiva Ar- : Mg te) 7 oN. TUS.» MAPS. : This theenmost objective biography

of

gentina, 1870-1910. [La Plata, 1966]. Julio A. Roca. His first and second administrations 190 p. illus., maps, bibl. (Universidad are studied in detail. Both volumes contain numerous

Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Hu- documents. manidades y Ciencias de la Educacion. 5993. Gonzalez Arrili, Bernardo. Vida de Departamento de Historia. Monografias Lisandro de la Torre. B.A., 1940. 302 p.

y tesis 8). . bibl.

This is a study of the standard of living enjoyed by This is a sympathetic biography of a lawyer from the workers in Buenos Aires and the interior pro- Rosario who supported Alem, the Union Civica, and vinces, of labor unions, and of the failure of the gov- the Unidén Civica Radical in the 1890's, and later orernment to enforce the first Argentine labor laws. See _ ganized the Partido Democrata Progresista.

also the article by the author: “El proyecto de ley nacional del trabajo, 1904,” TC, v. 13, 1965: 165-186. 5994. Manacorda, Telmo. Além, un caudillo,

5989. Rodriguez Molas, Ricardo. Aspectos una epoca: prologo de Marcelo T. de

economicos y sociales de la década del The ee aetna any of Alem is eeaa (Buenos Aires). v. 32, 1961: taken primarily from newspapers. This is an excellent study of the growth of industriesin 5995. Rivero Astengo, Agustin P : J uarez Argentina between 1870 and 1890 and of the debate Celman, 1844-1909: estudio historico y

overa protectionist tariffin 1876. documental de una época argentina. 5990. Williams, John H. Argentine interna- B.A., 1944. 652 p. illus. tional trade under inconvertible paper This biography is based on edited and unedited docu. ments and especially on the archives of Juarez Celmoney, 1880-1900. Cambridge, Mass., man. It contains a wealth of information found no1920. 282 p. bibl. (Harvard economic where else onthe years 1880 to 1890.

M. Argentina, Twentieth Century SAMUEL L. BAILY

Very little solid history has been written about twentieth-century Argentina although there has been a considerable debate among all sectors of society over what in fact has happened. Argentina can claim Ricardo Levene, Emilio Ravignani, ROmulo D. Carbia, Enrique de Gandia, José Luis Romero, Ricardo R. Caillet

ARGENTINA: TWENTIETH CENTURY $57 Bois, and other outstanding historians of Latin America, but for the most part these men have not written about the contemporary problems of their country. What has happened in Argentina since 1910 has been recorded and evaluated primarily by journalists, political writers, and participants in the events described. In some cases literary figures have become important critics of the contemporary scene. Only a few academicians have examined the twentieth century, and, although this group includes a few historians, most are economists, sociologists, and political scientists. This situation is changing and will continue to change, particularly as Argentine historians become more interested in social and eco-

nomic problems, but at present twentieth-century Argentine history is not generally being written by historians. History and politics have invariably intertwined during the twentieth century in Argentina, and much, though certainly not all, of what has been written is polem-

ical in varying degrees. This seems to be primarily because a variety of writers have challenged the traditional Sarmiento-Mitre liberal interpretation of Argentine history and have attempted to justify contemporary political positions by reevaluating the past. These writers have uncovered new information and have forced the traditional historians to seek new information with which to defend their positions, but they are writing within a particular political context and the student cannot evaluate their works or the works of the traditional historians without understanding this context.

The revision of Argentine liberal history began with such late nineteenthcentury writers as Adolfo Saldias (S926) and Ernesto Quesada (5880), who for the first time saw some good in the regime of Juan Manuel de Rosas, but the revisionist challenge became more widespread and more urgent during the twentieth century. In the first two decades such distinguished men as Ricardo Rojas and Alfredo L. Palacios, who supported much of the liberal tradition, began to question important assumptions of this tradition (6033). At the same time, right-wing antiliberals, such as Rodolfo and Julio Irazusta (6087), Ernesto Palacio (6089), Juan Carulla (6017), and Leopoldo Lugones (6072), openly attacked the Saenz Pena Law, Hipolito Yrigoyen, liberalism, and democracy. In his now-famous 1924 address entitled ““The Hour of the Sword,” Lugones called all democratic institutions degenerate and demanded the intervention of the military in politics. A few years later these people established the magazine Nueva Republica to publicize their ideas, and a similar group within the church established Criterio for the same purpose. Shortly before the Revolution of 1930 Lugones reiterated his views in La grande Argentina (6072). Between 1930 and 1943 the revisionists came into their own. The impact of the world depression, the intervention of the military in politics, and the world-wide struggle between “fascism and democracy” lent credence to their charge that the liberals had failed politically and that liberal historians had deceived the people. In 1934, Julio and Rodolfo Irazusta, members of the original Nueva Republica group, published La Argentina y el imperialismo britdnico (6087), in which they charged that the Roca-Runciman Pact of 1933 was only the latest example of irresponsible liberal concessions to England dating back to the overthrow of Juan Manuel de Rosas in 1852. Four years later the right-wing revisionists established the Instituto de Investigaciones Hist6éricas Juan Manuel de Rosas for the purpose of re-evaluating and rewriting the liberal versions of Argentine history. Most of the work of the revisionists has focused on the Rosas period, but it is important to

558 SINCE INDEPENDENCE keep in mind that much of this concern with the past was touched off by contem-

porary problems and that the re-evaluation of the past was, to a considerable extent, intended to bolster the case for contemporary change.

Historical revision in Argentina is often associated only with the right-wing group mentioned above. However, there was an important left-wing antiliberal group of revisionists whose development paralleled that of the right-wing group.

In 1935 a small element within the Radical party established the Fuerza de Orientaci6n Radical de la Joven Argentina (F.O.R.J.A.) for the purpose of injecting left-wing nationalist ideas into the Radical party. One of the first publications of F.O.R.J.A. was Raul Scalabrini Ortiz’s Politica britdnica en el Rio de la Plata (6091), in which the author, like the Irazusta brothers, attacked the RocaRunciman Pact and liberal policies dating back to the Rosas period. The left-wing antiliberals have produced many volumes since then, the best and most influential of which are Jorge Abelardo Ramos’ Revolucién y contrarrevolucién en la Argentina (6037) and Juan José Hernandez Arregui’s La formacion de la conciencia nacional, 1930-1960 (6022). Revisionism in Argentina is important but complex, and familiarity with the various historiographical articles cited below is essential to its understanding.

The period since 1943 has encompassed Peron’s forceful effort to hold together liberal, antiliberal, left-wing, and right-wing elements in a shifting coalition, and the reactions of various sectors of Argentine society to the Peron “formula.” Much of the literature about this period is highly subjective and emotional and it reflects the deep divisions within Argentine society. A number of journals and magazines are important sources of information on twentieth-century Argentina. The student might well consult such periodicals as

the Catholic Criterio, the Radical and then Peronist Hechos e Ideas, the proFrondizi Que, and the pro-Frondizi and then pro-Illia Primera Plana. Among the most relevant scholarly and technical reviews are the Revista Econémica, the Review of the River Plate, the Bank of Boston’s The Situation in Argentina, the Revista Argentina de Ciencias Politicas, and Desarrollo Econémico. Also useful are the Anales of the Sociedad Rural, the Anales (the title changes from time to time) of the Union Industrial Argentina, some of the publications of the Confederacion General Economica, and the newspapers and annual reports of the Confederacion General del Trabajo and some of the individual unions. Government publications are important particularly for statistics. In addition

to the national censuses of 1914, 1947, and 1960, the government publishes a useful Anuario Estadistico and numerous topical censuses. Many of the state and local governments publish censuses and other information, and the Banco Central de la Republica Argentina and the Banco de la Naci6n Argentina publish annual Memorias. The Instituto Torcuato di Tella has published a catalog of much of this material that is very helpful (6053). Finally, mention should be made of the national and state Diarios de sesiones (Senadores and Diputados), which are an invaluable record of political development. This is a highly selective bibliography and as such the selections are subject to debate. In addition to the works of obvious historical merit, I have included some representing the different shades of political opinion. I have also included a number of works of participants in the events of twentieth-century Argentina because of their documentary value. The bibliography is divided into chronological categories representing fairly well-defined political periods because I believe this is

ARGENTINA: [TWENTIETH CENTURY 559 helpful in understanding the relationship between politics and history. All works that discuss two or more periods have been placed in the general category.

, ys . “a cation 426).

1. Bibliographies and Historiography ence. Paris, 1950. p. 196-207. (ts Publi5996. Circulo Militar, Buenos Air es. Biblio- 4 critical examination of Argentine studies relating to teca Nacional Militar. Catalogo de ma- government, political institutions, politics, etc. Useful

terias militares. B.A., 1957. 484 p. for the historian of political phenomena. A useful list of the material in the Biblioteca Nacional 6002. Methol Ferré. Alberto. La izquierda Militar June, 1956. recent nacional material isrgentina. _ | la AB.A., ’ . 1962 * 9 9[?]. listed in thethrough Boletin bibliografico of theMore same organizaen 1a

tion. 78 p. (Ediciones Coyoacan 4). “Lad A short but important collection of essays on the na-

5997. Etchepareborda, Roberto. Bibliogra- tional left in Argentina by well-known members of fia de la Revolucion de 1930. RHBA. the nationalist right as well as the national left. The

no. 3, 1958: 156-173. essay by Emilio Fermin Migone, which classifies the

This is a very useful annotated bibliography for the various writers of the national left, is particularly use-

Revolution of 1930 in Argentina. ful. The best introduction to the subject. 5998. Frigerio, Rogelio. El estudio de la

historia como base de la accién politica 2. General Works

del pueblo. B.A., 1961. 47 p. In Marcos 6003. Bagu, Sergio. Argentina en el mundo.

Merchensky, Las corrientes ideologicas México, 1961. 211 p. bibl. (Coleccién la en la historia argentina. B.A., 1961. p. realidad argentina en el siglo xx 3).

5-38. - An excellent historical examination of Argentina’s

An important critique of the national left by a lead- role in the world by a distinguished scholar. He argues ing adviser to Arturo Frondizi. Argues that although that today’s world is for countries with defined person-

the national left combines Marxist methods and alities, creative capacity and national dignity, and that rosista revisionism, it is only left and not national. Argentina, for the most part, does not have these This is SO because it cannot overcome its anticlerical things. To overcome its problems, Argentina must

and antimilitary prejudice. gain an “‘autonomy of decision.”

5999. Hoffmann, Fritz L. Peron and after. 60904, Marianetti, Benito. Argentina, reali-

HAHR. v. 36, nov., 1956: 510-528; dad y perspectivas. B.A., 1964. 554 p. and v. 39, May, 1959: 212-233. . bibl. (Coleccién Problemas de América

This bibliographical series analyzes the extensive 4)

polemical and scholarly literature that was published M : ti. who has b b f th ‘ali

in Argentina from 1955 to 1959. Most of it deals with anes 1, ah *t Wo kere a tice. nd 0 he F Socia S\ the Perén regime, the role of the Peronists in post- 7?" th © Centr i C or the pa th, “C WhO Nas Serve

Peron Argentina, and related subjects. on the Central Committee of the Communist party,

- combines his memoirs with a general history of

6000. Jauretche, Arturo. Politica nacional y twentieth-century Argentina. His wide-ranging book

revisionismo historico, con un apéndice Is particuvarly ere ne labor movement and

de Alberto A. Mondragon. B.A., 1959. P P :

79 p. (Coleccion La Siringa 3). 6005. Mazo, Gabriel del. La reforma univer-

An important series of essays by a former leader of sitaria. La Plata, 1941. 3 v.

F.O.R.J.A., who attempts to relate history and con- A founding member of the Federacién Universitaria temporary politics and to examine the relationship Argentina and a leading member of the Radical party between the revisionists of the left and right and the brings together and comments on the documents reother groups in society. The book also includes a use- __Jating to the university reform movement during the ful essay by Mondragon, editor of the magazine Revi- _ period 1918 to 1940.

sion, on the historiography of revisionism. . .

001. Li i S do V. Th 6006. Paita, Jorge A. Argentina, 1930-1960.

6 de loom es Omantana, orn oY: he Compilado por Jorge A. Paita, con la evelopment of political science in the colaboracién de Julia Helena Acufia et Argentine Republic. /m United Nations al. B.A., 1961. 446 p. illus.

Educational, Scientific and Cultural Or- A first-rate collection of essays on all aspects of Arganization. Contemporary political sci- gentine life (politics, education, mass culture, the arts,

560 SINCE INDEPENDENCE

Argentina. . .

religion, ethics, etc.) from 1930 to 1960. The uniformly eign Relations under Ramirez and was minister of high quality of these analytical essays written by those foreign relations during the brief Lonardi government.

active in the respective areas makes this an indis- He is critical of Perén’s pragmatism and use of labor

pensable work for anyone interested in contemporary to gain power.

_ 6013. Amadeo, Santos P. Argentine constitu-

6007. Real, Juan J. 30 anos de historia ar- tional law. The judicial function in the gentina: accion politica y experiencia = maintenance of the federal system and

. historica. B.A., 12062. P. illus. ; the preservation of individual n ex-Socialist and 294 ex-Communist, who is most sym-rights. : . -_ pathetic with the ideas of Rogelio Frigerio, writes a nae me na re piol. (ouumbia Uni

combination autobiography and history of Argentina versity Faculty of Law. Columbia legal from 1930 to 1962. Contains good insights into the studies 4).

Per6én period and into the overthrow of Frondizi. The A solid study of the theory and practice of the Arauthor urges the unification of all the nationalist | gentine constitution as interpreted by the courts in the

forces. pre-Perén The author makes frequent . , . arisonsperiod. with U.S. constitutional law. com-

6008. Saravia, José M. Argentina 1959: un © . ° “ ; estudio sociolégico. 2. ed. B.A., 1959, 6014. Argentine Republic. Congreso. Ca173 p. illus. mara de Diputados. Composicion de la

A perceptive study of Argentina from 1930 to 1959 Camara de Diputados de la Nacion por by a professor of sociology at the University of La partidos politicos y distritos electorales, Plata. He includes sections on population, the econ- 1912-1943. B.A., 1956. 43 p. or obe and a particularly interesting one on 4 very useful publication well described by its title.

009. T T . . a, : eae

ons . 6015. Buenos Aires. Universidad Nacional.

6 Jor e Gratin” Sob & no Sermant, Instituto de Extension Universitaria de

B arena, la Facultad de Derecho y El Centro de gentina, sociedad de masas. 2. ed.Sociales. B.A.., Ser ; ; re; : or Derecho y Ciencias Tres 1965. 284 p. illus., map, bibl. (Biblioteca Aas er ~ ae ; , voluciones, los ultimos veintiocho anos. de America. Temas: Sociologia). . B.A. 1959. 138

A series of essays on twentieth-century Argentina Th ane dj ° f p f . d-table di

written by some of the country’s most distinguished *.% OY ox 2 ee nN an i ormative ‘eno: ar © ble in.

scholars in various disciplines. Part One is a historical rele y is an, q litreia Ina 's thos oli e ot 1930, analysis of the formation of modern Argentina. Part 19 MB wad 195 5s) tcians on the revoluuons © ,

two is a more theoretical examination of the elements » an

involved in the “institutional crisis. 6016. Cantén, Dario. El Parlamento argen6010. Weil, Félix J. Argentine riddle, issued ‘tino en épocas de cambio: 1890, 1916, y in cooperation with the Latin American 1946. B.A., 1966. 208 p. illus., bibl. _ Economic Institute. N.Y., 1944. 297 p. In this pioneering study, a young Berkeley-trained

illus.. ma , sociologist in the Di Tella Institute systematically lid ”° ; Pp. P , d ; compares the characteristics of members of the Argen-

A solid ana yr ith social lar economic dene 'oparent tine Congress, and develops profiles according to in Argentina wit particular emphasis on the 1930’s — Chamber, political party, and period. He concludes and the early 1940’s. Good on business, labor, and that a process of ‘“‘democratization” took place within the process of industrialization. Includes numerous the Argentine political system which gave the country

tables and statistics. a considerable degree of political stability.

oo11. ee ae Gd Lea bbl rhe 6017. Carulla, Juan E. Al filo del medio wood Cliffs, N.J., 1964. 184 p. bibl. (The gigi. 2. ed. B.A., 1964. 379 p. modern nations in historical perspective. The memoirs of a leading pro-Fascist right-wing na-

Latin American sub-series). tionalist who was active in the establishment of the

An important account of Argentine political and eco- important right-wing journal, Nueva Republica (1928). nomic developments during the twentieth century. In- | These memoirs, originally published in 1951, were cludes much material on the development of national- written after he had abandoned much of his fascism.

ism in Argentina. . . . ,

6018. Codovilla, Victorio. Nuestro camino

. desemboca en la victoria. B.A., 1954.

3. Government and Politics 601 p.

. ~ A good collection of the speeches and writings of the B.A., 1956. 218 p. on the occasion of his sixtieth birthday. The book

6012. Amadeo, Mario. Ayer, hoy, manana. leader of the Argentine Communist party published Memoirs of a leading right-wing nationalist who was deals with a variety of subjects during the period from

greatly influenced by the Hispanidad of the Spaniard 1926 to 1954 and includes a brief biography of the Ramiro de Maeztu. He served in the Ministry of For- author.

se3°

ARGENTINA: [TWENTIETH CENTURY 561 6019. Cuneo, Dardo. Juan B. Justo y las A well-edited and very useful collection of the writings luchas sociales en la Argentina. B.A., ans speeches of the leader of the Socialist party from

1956. 469 p. 1894 to 1928.

The best biography of the founder and for many years 6026. Larra, Raul. Lisandro de la Torre,

leader of the Socialist party, originally published in vida y drama del solitario de Pinas. 1942. Cuneo is a former Socialist who more recently B.A.. 1942. 280 p. illus (Biblioteca de

was active in the Frondizi government. Buenos Aires escritores argen tinas 5)

1L1US. : . : . was

6020. Dickmann, Enrique. Recuerdos de un 4 political biography of the distinguished liberal militante socialista. B.A., 1949. SOS p. leader of the Progressive Democratic party who for

ill many years served as senator from Santa Fe. He was

The memoirs of a Russian immigrant to Argentina the Presidential candidate of the liberal opposition to who was active in the leadership of the Socialist party J uste in , 931, ane tio 1935 conducted oar aeaiee throughout the century and who after writing these rane orial investigation into the meat-packing indusmemoirs helped found the pro-Perén Socialist party "Y:

of the National Revolution. Particularly good on the 6027. Lebensohn, Moises. Pensamiento y

numerous splits within the Socialist party. . accion. B.A., 1956. Ixiii, 228 D. 6021. Galletti, Alfrédo. La politica y los The writings and speeches of an influential young partidos. México, 1961. 262 p. illus., Shots promising polineal career The introduction bibl. (Coleccion la realidad argentina en by Julio Oyhanarte includes a brief biography of

sigloscholarly xx, 1). analysis - , Lebensohn. Ael first-rate of twentieth-century .

Argentine politics by a young university professor. 6028. Macdonald, Austin F. Government of Galletti skillfully places Argentine politics within the the Argentine Republic. N.Y., 1942. 476 larger frameworks of economic and social change and p. illus., bibl. world developments. He is best on the 1930’s and A solid description of the structural and legal aspects

early 1940's. of the Argentine government in the pre-Per6én period.

6022. Hernandez Arregui, Juan J. La forma- in is best on the theoretical revel and includes little on

cién de la conciencia nacional, 1930— ‘7° 4tual practice oF government.

1960. B.A., 1960. 500 p. illus., bibl. 6029. Mazo, Gabriel del. El radicalismo, enAn ex-professor, Peronist sympathizer, and important sayo sobre su historia y doctrina. B.A.

writer of the nationalist left argues persuasively that 1957.3v °

the masses developed a national conscience and that, A solid ° d ° | f hi f

development. : : .

although Perén represented this conscience, he did h sole and very comp ar account of the history o not create it. In an excellent section he gives the the Union Civica Radical and of Argentine politics F.O.R.J.A. (1935-1945) most of the credit for this from 1890 to 1957 written by a well-known pro-

Yrigoyen member of the party. Includes many useful party documents in the appendix. Indispensable for an

vivido. B.A., 1955. 504 p. , yee

6023. Ibarguren, Carlos. La historia que he _ understanding of the Radical party.

The memoirs of a leading Argentine intellectual who 6030. Melo, Carlos R. Los partidos politicos was Uriburu’s cousin and close collaborator and who argentinos. 3. ed. Cordoba, 1964. 127 p. was influential in right-wing nationalist circles for bibl. many years. The book begins with a history of his An extended and more complete edition of an excelfather’s life and then proceeds to interesting personal —_Jent study of political parties originally published in

observations about the author’s life and times. 1943. About half of the book deals with the twentieth

6024. Imaz, José L. de. Los que mandan. ‘e™UryB.A., 1964. 250 p. (Informes y monogra- 6031. Merchensky, Marcos. Las corrientes

fias de EUDEBA). ideoldégicas en la historia argentina. Pré-

In this important study the author analyzes the family logo de Rogelio Frigerio. B.A., 1961. background, the economic and social position, the 315 p. education, and the careers of those who reached posi- The former editor of Que, the magazine of the Frontions of leadership in government, business, labor, and dizi Radicals, attempts to show how ideology has the aimed forces between . 36 and 126": me con- forged the Argentine nation. He defends Frondizi and

ou es that there 1s no one cohesive ruling elite classin_— a roues that the middle class has been unsuccessful

rgentina. because it has not worked with the proletariat.

6025. Justo, Juan B. La realizaci6n del so- . . a.

., , ° tario argentino. B.A., . p.

cialismo. Prélogo de Américo Ghioldi, 32-, Oddone, Jan arpa prole-

or denacion y notas de Dardo Cuneo. A detailed history of the labor movement from its be(His Obras completas 6). B.A., 1947. ginnings in the late nineteenth century to the early

408 p. Per6n years. It is primarily descriptive and is useful

562 SINCE INDEPENDENCE for the great number of documents it includes. The many years leader of the Argentine Socialist party author, a Socialist, is antianarchist and anti-Peronist. | which, nevertheless, raises important questions about

. , . . the nature of Argentine socialism. The author dis-

6033. Palacios, Alfredo L. La justicia social. misses Justo as a liberal and an antinationalist working

B.A., 1954. 527 p. (Biblioteca de Cien- for the oligarchy. Good on the Palacios and Ugarte cias econdémicas, politicas y sociales 6). ¢xpulsions from the party. A distinguished maverick Socialist sets forth the re- 6941. Tella, Torcuato S. di. El sistema policord and of his party and of from himself in1943. initiating legis: .ase | 1oorera. b BAyo lation reform in Argentina 1904 to The licolabor argentino y la he author also includes important information on Argen- 1964. 127 p. (Biblioteca de América.

tine society, the Socialist party, and himself. Libros del tiempo nuevo 18).

6034. Partido Comunista de la Argentina. A scholarly analysis of the role of the working class in

: . de . twentieth-century Argentine politics. Esbozo historia del Partido Comu- , nista de la Argentina. B.A., 1948. 150 p. 6042. Torre, Lisandro de la. Obras. Prologo

The official history of the Argentine Communist party y notas de Raul Larra. B.A., 1952. 3 v. published by the Central Committee of the party. The Senate speeches, newspaper articles, and other

. . _ writings of the late Argentine statesman and leader of

ons.epublica. ALE Beas Taneg de la theonDemocratic Progressive Includes his b.A., ~ .>noose Vz. speeches the excessive profits of party. the meat-packing

The political speeches and writings of a leader of the industry, his attacks on Monsignor Franceschi, and break-away Partido Socialista Independiente who his speeches while campaigning for the presidency in

served several terms in the National Congress and 1931.

who Minister Finance underThe Justo and- Jroncoso, Castillo.Uscar 6043.A.TLOS Oo naciona AL . li istas V. 1 iswas a survey of theof period 1911-1943. other three volumes cover the periods 1919-1930, 1930- argentinos, antecedentes y trayectoria.

1932, and 1932-1935 respectively. B.A., 1957. 93 p. . . P : . vgs A brief and undocumented history of the right-wing

6036. Puiggros, Rodolfo. H istoria critica de nationalists during the 1920’s and 1930’s written by a

RS. paragos politicos argentinos. B.A., Socialist. The book is quite useful the names of , [p. nationalists, nationalist organizations, andfornationalist

: : os 4. ] -

An important study of Argentine political parties bya publications. former member of the Communist party who, as a na-

tionalist, left the party to support Perén. The author, ; ; who focuses on the period 1890 to 1945, is in the proc- 4. Foreign Relations

ess of expanding this work and publishing it in six (See also Part VII, A) separate volumes.

6037. Ramos, Jorge A. Revolucion y con- 604 Conil Paz, Alber to, and Gustavo Fe 5 26 rrari. Politica exterior argentina, 1930— trarrevolucion en la Argentina: las masas 1962. B.A.. 1964. 277 p. bibl. (M I en nuestra historia. 2. ed. B.A., 1961. + Det Nes So PT PB. OLDE. Lr anuales

463 Huemul 4). study of Argentine Pp. _ , bibl Lo, . , A thoughtful and well-documented

One of the major left-wing revisionist histories of Ar- foreign policy during the important period from 1930 gentina originally published in 1957. Particularly in- 44 1962, written by two professors Of Salvador Uni-

teresting on Rosas, Roca, Yrigoyen, and Peron. versity in Buenos Aires. It is available in English 6038. Repetto, Nicolas. Mis noventa afos: translation by John J. Kennedy (South Bend, Ind.,

escritos e intervenciones parlamentarios. 1966). .

B.A., 1962. 350 p. illus. 6045. Haring, Clarence H. Argentina and

The memoirs of a leading member of the Socialist the United States. Boston, 1941. 77 p. party. This book summarizes most of the material in map, bibl. (America looks ahead 5). his two-volume work, Mi paso por la politica. A brief, but authoritative statement of issues affecting

6039. Snow, Peter G. Argentine radicalism: Wat netod [OCG T two countries during the inter-

the history and doctrine of the Radical .

Civil Union. Iowa City, 1965. 137 p. 6046. U.S. Department of State. Consultabibl. (University of lowa monograph). tion among the American republics with A scholarly political analysis of the Radical party from respect to the Argentine situation. Mem-

its establishment in 1890 to 1964. The appendix con- orandum of the United States governtains useful election statistics and party programs. ment. Washington, 1946. 131 p. 6040. Spilimbergo, Jorge E. Juan B. Justo States csublicised the cooperation of the Argentine y el socialismo cipayo. , B.A., [1957] government with Nazi Germany during the Second ] 16 p. (Ediciones Coyoacan 3). World War. Though its data are well established, the A nationalist left polemic against the founder and for delay in issuing it made its impact, both in Argentina

ARGENTINA: TWENTIETH CENTURY 563 and elsewhere negative, enabling the Per6n govern- it is based on the author’s impressions of Argentine

ment to cry “intervention.” [C.C.G]] society.

6047. Whitaker, Arthur P. The United 6053. Instituto Torcuato di Tella. Centro de States and Argentina. Cambridge, 1954. Investigaciones Econémicas. Catalogo de 272 p. illus. (The American foreign policy estadisticas publicadas en la Republica

library). Argentina. B.A., 1963. 2 v. bibl.

A judicious and well-informed summary of Argentine- This is a very useful catalog of a wide variety of offiUnited States relations, accompanied by a brief sur- _ cial and other statistics on Argentina. The focus is on vey of Argentine historical development. Emphasis is _ the past two decades, but some of the information goes

on recent decades. [C.C.G. ] back farther.

6054. Phelps, Vernon L. The international

5. Economy economic position of Argentina. Phila-

; delphia, 1938. 276 p. bibl.

6048. Beveraggi Allende, Walter M. El ser- A scholarly analysis of the international economic vicio del capital extranjero y el control de __ relations of Argentina from 1914 to 1937, with particambios: la experiencia argentina de cular emphasis on U.S.-Argentine relations. [C.C.G. ]

1900 a 1943. México, 1954. 238 p. bibl. 6055. Portnoy, Leopoldo. Analisis critico de Jevelopment of Argentina is atranslationofaHarvard [4 conomia argentina. Mexico, 1961.

University doctoral dissertation (1945). The author 204 p. illus., bibl. (Coleccion La Realidad

concludes that Argentina cannot simultaneously use argentina en el siglo xx, 2).

large amounts of foreign capital for development and A well-documented, but passionate analysis of Ar-

liberalize exchange and commercial controls. gentine economic development that focuses on the

. , 1930 to 1959 period. The author, a well-known Marx-

6049. Bunge, Alejandro E. La economia jist professor, argues that the country’s economic argentina. B.A., 1928-1930. 4 v. stagnation is due primarily to its subordination to inA classical study of the Argentine economy that still | ternational financial interests. remains an important survey of the country’s eco- . : nomic resources and liabilities. The author is particu- 6056. Taylor, Carl C. Rural life in Ar-

larly concerned about the narrow base of the Argen- gentina. Baton Rouge, 1948. 464 p. illus.,

tine economy and what he calls the economic passivity maps, bibl. of the Argentines. His defense of Argentine industry In 1941 the U.S. Departments of Agriculture and influenced such nationalists as Leopoldo Lugones and State sent three sociologists to study rural life in the

Arturo Jauretche. three largest Latin American countries. Taylor, who

was sent to Argentina, produced this first-rate study.

6050. Cochran, Thomas C., and Ruben E. It is well documented and includes numerous tables Reina. Entrepreneurship in Argentine and Statistics relative to agriculture, immigration, and culture: Torcuato Di Tella and S.I.A.M. _ land policies in Argentina. Ahistonan and an anthropologist presentapioncering 0057- Tella, Guido di, and Manuel Zymelstudy of the evolving business attitudes and practices man. Las et apas del desarrollo econoof a leading Argentine industrial concern. The con- mico argentino. B.A., 1967. 540 p. illus. clusions are suggestive for those interested in the Two Argentine economists who studied with W. W. problems arising in developing companies. Rostow attempt to apply his historical classification of

, . economic growth to Argentina. A provocative, welllas etapas de su desarrollo y problemas

6051. Ferrer, Aldo. La economia argentina: documented scholarly work.

actuales. México, 1963. 266 p. map.

An important history of Argentine economic develop- 6. Culture

ment from the colonial period to 1960 written by a . . .

scholar with experience in government. Available in 6058. Andrea, Miguel de. Catolicismo social translation by Marjory M. Urquidi (Berkeley, 1967). y su aplicacion. B.A., 1941. 187 p.

. , . . Monsignor Andrea, Bishop of Temnos, leader of the

6052. Fillol, Tomas R. Social factors In €CO- —jiberal faction of the Argentine clergy, and the out-

nomic development, the Argentine case. standing church opponent of the Perén regime. exCambridge, Mass., 1961. 118 p. bibl. plains his philosophy and describes his work with the

(M.I.T. research mono graph). Federacién de Asociaciones Catolicas de Empleadas.

A young Argentine businessman and scholar who stu- 6059. Glauert, Earl T. Ricardo Rojas and died at M.I.T. suggests that the ‘‘value-orientation the emergence of Argentine cultural na-

profile” of the Argentine people, rather than economic . . .

factors, have limited the country’s development, and tionalism. HAHR. v. 43, Feb., 1965: that better labor-management relations will solve the 1-13.

problem. This is a provocative book although muchof A valuable description of the thought and ideas of

S64 SINCE INDEPENDENCE the leading Argentine cultural nationalist during the The best account of the anarchist and then syndicalist

first three decades of the century. organization, the Federacién Obrera Regional Ar. . gentina. The author was born in Spain but was active 6060. Mallea, Eduardo. Historia de una in the Argentine anarchist movement and for a time pasion argentina. B.A., 1937. 319 p. edited the anarchist newspaper La Protesta.

This well-known essayist, short-story writer, and : novelist attacks the useless and false life of the porteno 6067. Alvear, Marcelo T. de. Democracia. oligarchy and seeks to replace it with the true national B.A.., 1936. 200 p.

collectivity. Important as an example of the intellec- A useful collection of the speeches of the leader of the tuals’ dissatisfaction with Argentine life during the “‘anti-personalist” faction of the Radical party who

1930’s. served as president of Argentina from 1922 to 1928. Most of the speeches were delivered while Alvear was

6061. Mallea, Eduardo. Obras completas. president, but some were delivered during the 1933Nota bibliografica y prologo de Mariano ‘1936 period when he was attempting to reunite the

Picén Salas. B.A., 1961. 1244 p. party.

Complete works of an Argentine writer(1903-)whose 6068. Bagi, Sergio. Vida ejemplar de José preoccupation with ideas causes his writings to hover Ingenieros. B.A., 1936. 244 p. bibl.

between the novel and the essay. [I.L. | Still the best biography of the liberal philosopher, 6062. Martinez Estrada, Ezequiel. Radio- sociologist, one-time activist in the Socialist party, and propagandist for Latin American unity who died in grafia de la Painpa. B.A., 1933. 318 P- 1925. Includes a bibliography of 484 items published In this important book, which has sold out many edi- 4), Ingenjeros tions, a famous literary essayist attacks Argentine life y ane of the early 1930’s. Reflecting his disgust with recent 6069. Carcano, Miguel A. Saenz Pena: la events, he argues that the city and the government are revoluci6n por los comicios. B.A., 1963. adversaries of life the true He but describes the 266hope p. ill for ) Pp. WiUs. a , gaucho and on Argentina. the pampa, sees little

the future of his country. A political history of the administration of Roque _. Sdenz Pena and in particular of his important electoral

6063. Polt, John H. The writings of Eduardo reform. The author, son of Ramén J. Carcano, was Mallea. Berkeley, 1959. 132 p. bibl. (Uni- active in Argentine politics as national deputy, ambasversity of California publications in mod- S@40r, and minister in the period 1929-1962.

ern philology 54). 6070. Galvez, Manuel. Vida de Hipolito

A useful study of an Argentine writer whose fiction is Yrigoyen, el hombre del misterio. 2. ed. largely a vehicle for his philosophical ideas. A brief B.A., 1939. 476 p analysis, With as a formal bibtiowceny I peyerences A favorable and informative biography of the Radical

graphy. [1-2 leader and Argentine president in which the author

6064. Previtali, Giovanni. Ricardo Giliraldes argues that ideologically the Radicals are closer to

and Don Segun do Sombra: life and fascism than to any other system. It is important beks. N_Y.. 1963. 225 DIDI. bibl. cause it illustrates theYrigoyen. right-wing nationalists’ growing WOrks. IN.T.; " Pp. sympathy with

Comprehensive study of the Argentine writer (1886—1927), and an analysis of his classic novel of the 6071. Landa, José. Hipolito Yrigoyen visto gaucho. [I-L. ] por uno de sus médicos. Estudio carac-

6065. Rojas, Ricardo. Eurindia: ensayo de terol6gico de su _ personalidad. B.A., estética sobre las culturas americanas. 1958. 740 p.

B.A., 1951. 277 p. A sympathetic and intriguing biography of Yrigoyen

Rojas, one of the earliest Argentine cultural national- by one of his doctors. Section 2 on Yrigoyen’s life and ists, set forth a number of new ideas for his generation Section 3 on his personality provide interesting inin a series of books written between 1909 and 1922. Sights into this complex political leader. This book, which first appeared in serial form in the

newspaper La Nacion in 1922, is the culminating syn- 6072. Lugones, Leopoldo. La grande Argen-

thesis of these ideas. He rejects Sarmiento’s dicho- tina. Prodlogo de Leopoldo Lugones. 2. tomy between “civilization and barbarism” and re- ed. B.A., 1962. 230 p. places it with “‘indianism and exoticism.” By 1922, Lugones was a distinguished literary figure and a leadhowever, he sought unity in what he called ““Eurindia.” —_— ing right-wing nationalist whose ideas had evolved

from anarchism to socialism to the far right. In this

7.1910—1930 book, originally published a few months before the

: . . tina.

military coup of 1930, he attacks the Yrigoyen regime

6066. Abad de Santillan, Diego. La F.O.R.A: and democracy and calls on the military to bring about ideologia y trayectoria del movimiento 2 Strong economically and politically independent Ar-

obrero revolucionario en la Argentina. senna Prologo del Dr. Juan Lazarte. B.A., 6073. Luna, Félix. Alvear. B.A., 1958. 332

1933. 312 p. p. (Grandes libros argentinos 1).

ARGENTINA: TWENTIETH CENTURY 565 One of the few biographies of Marcelo T. de Alvear, politics, 1930-1946. The first section is a historical president of Argentina from 1922 to 1928. The author, account of the period, and the second section is a study whose sympathies lie more with Yrigoyen than with _ of the role of political parties, the military, the church, Alvear, criticizes the latter because he was nota party _ labor, and business in that history.

man and because he was not aman of the people. 6081. Coca, Joa quin. El contubernio: selec-

6074. Marotta, Sebastian. El movimiento cion. B.A., 1961. 80 p.

sindical argentino: su génesis y desa-_ Selections from a perceptive history of the Argentine

rrollo. B.A., 1960-. Socialist party written in 1931 by a dissident ‘‘nationA well-known syndicalist labor leader writes an ac- alist party icader. Rt “ale to that the Socialists

count of the history in which he participated. His work * oun woe ne the i Ica She hed all; the beewe y is primarily descriptive and includes many labor docu- 2@ attacks the recently established alliance between ments. Additional volumes of this work are projected, he Socialists and the Progressive Democrats.

; Vv. rom . 19 58.

OT ave, not hn terhe wn V. 1 covers the years to 6082. La crisis del 1930. RHBA. no. 3,

p. a noes ile, 1

6075. Olguin, Dardo. Lencinas, el caudillo A very important collection of essays on the crisis of radical: historia y mito. Mendoza, 1961. 1930 written by many of those who participated in the

p. s

566 p illus events described. Includes several essays on the

José Néstor Lencinas, governor of Mendoza from crisis of 1930 in Chile, Uruguay, and Braz 1918 to 1920, was opposed by Yrigoyen when he at- 6083. Fresco, Manuel A. Mis mensajes, tempted to implement some of his ideas on social jus- 1936-1940. B.A., 1941. 51 5 p. tice for the common man. An excellent biography that Fresco, president of the Chamber of Deputies and is also a study of Argentine politics of the period. governor of the province of Buenos Aires, was one of

s ers during the ’s. In this collection of guberna-

6076. Palacios, Alfredo L. El nuevo derecho. the most important ene wine nationalist office holdPrologos de Manuel B. Gonnet y Carlos torial speeches, he sets forth his program which in

sanchez Viamonte. 3. ed. B.A., 1934. certain ways anticipated that of Perén. This work, originally published in 1920, is a detailed 6084. Galvez, Manuel. Este pueblo nece-

account of labor legislation and of the labor movement sita soe B.A., 1934. 133 p.

that raises some important questions about the nature A prominent man of letters and an important right-

of liberal Argentine society. wing nationalist points to Argentina’s problems and

, ~ . . offers fascism as a remedy. He focuses on the need

6077. Saenz Pena, Roque. Escritos y discur- for social justice along with order, hierarchy, and re-

sos. B.A., 1914-1915. 2 v. spect for traditional institutions. He includes an in-

V. 2 of this work concerns the presidency of Sdenz teresting appendix entitled “The possibilities of Pena (1910-1913) and in particular the important elec- fascism in Argentina.”

tion law that bears his nae — 6085. Goldwert, Marvin. The rise of modern

6078. Yrigoyen, Hipdlito. Mi vida y midoc- _ militarism in Argentina. HAHR. v. 48,

trina. B.A.,1957.124p. — | May, 1968: 189-205.

This short book by the former president of Argentina A good analysis of the rise of modern militarism in was written in 1923 and first published in 1957 by Argentina focusing on the Revolution of 1930. The Rodolfo Oyhanarte. In it Yrigoyen explains his doc- author is particularly skillful in describing the military trine and that of the Radical party, which he sum- factions that participated in this event.

marizes by stating that he and the Radical are ; en la the country itself. 6086. Hueyo, Alberto. Laparty Argentina 6079. Yrigoyen, Hipdlito. Pueblo y gobierno. cepresion mundial rom 038, our 2. ed. B.A., 1956. 12 v. SOS -COMCTENCIAS. DAs P-

p goy . :

This massive collection of the speeches, messages, and illus.

writings of Yrigoyen was edited with notes and com- Hueyo, the minister of finance during the early ments by about a dozen members of the Instituto years of the Justo administration, resigned in protest Yrigoyenano. V. 1 is Felix Luna’s sympathetic and to the signing of the controversial Roca-Runciman insightful biography of Yrigoyen, which was later ex- Pact of 1933. In these speeches he discusses the probpanded and published under separate cover. Indis- lems of economic recovery during the difficult years ensable for those interested in Yrigoyen and the of the depression including those associated with Ar-

Radical party. gentine-United States economic relations.

8. 1930-1943 6087. Irazusta, Rodolfo, and Julio Irazusta.

; La Argentina y el imperialismo britanico:

6080. Ciria, Alberto. Partidos y poder en los eslabones de una cadena, 1806-1933. la Argentina moderna, 1930-1946. B.A., (Ediciones argentinas “‘Condor.” Colec-

1964. 337 p. bibl. cidn mundo de hoy 8). B.A., 1934. 201 p.

A thoughtful Marxist examination of Argentine The first in a long series of revisionist works written

566 SINCE INDEPENDENCE by two influential right-wing nationalist intellectuals. wing leader of the revolution of 1930 who, for a time, They attack Justo’s economic policy, particularly the served as president of Argentina. Roca-Runciman Pact, and argue that it is merely the

latest of the shameful concessions made to England by _ the liberal oligarchy since the defeat of Rosas. 9. 1943-1955

6088. Jauretche, Arturo. FORJA, y la dé- 6095. Acossano, Benigno. Eva Peron. Su

cada infame. B.A., 1962. 119 p. verdadera vida. B.A., 1955. 158 p. illus.

A brief history of the left-wing revisionist group, the The definitive biography of Eva Peron remains to be Fuerza de Orientacién Radical de la Joven Argentina, written. This brief biography is sympathetic, but gen-

written by one of its leaders. From 1935 to 1945, erally balanced. The author overestimates the imporF.O.R.J.A. members unsuccessfully attempted to re- _ tance of Eva in the Peron regime and sees his downfall inject the nationalist ideas of Yrigoyen into the Radi- as a direct result of her death. Nevertheless, the book

cal party. contains much useful information particularly on

. . . . Evita’s early life. falsifi- * ; 6089. Palacio, Ernesto. La historia

cada. (Coleccién La siringa 5). B.A., 9996. Alexander, Robert J. The Peron era.

1960. 74 p. N.Y., 1951. 239 p. bibl.

In this book, originally published in 1939, aright-wing This detailed analysis of the early years of the Peron

nationalist who served as a Peronist deputy in Con- ime is based primarily on extensive personal inter-

gress, attacks the teaching of Argentine history. He Views with those involved in the events described. The argues that liberal history has converted the country Sections on labor are good although the author generinto an artificial mixture of French culture and U.S. ly shares the views of the Socialist labor leaders.

institutions. To re-establish its identity, Argentina 6097. Argentine Republic. Comisién Na-

must rewrite its history and emphasize the Spanish . : . and the caudillo heritage. cional de Investigaciones. Documenta-

, , cion: autores y cOmplices de las irregu-

6090. Sarobe, Jose M. Memorias sobre la jaridades cometidas durante la segunda revolucion del 6 de septiembre de 1930. tirania. B.A.. 1958. 5

B.A., 1957. 324 p. (Coleccion de testi- The National Commission of 1 -fA., ie p. (Coleccionfrom de testiThe National Commission of Investigations operated monios ponticos). October 10, 1955, to April 15, 1956, under the

A close friend of future president General Justo, who leadership of Rear Admiral Isaac Rojas. The results of joined the Uriburu coup in September, 1930, describes its efforts are contained in this report, which focuses what happened behind the scenes. The book is infor- on the alleged corruption, incompetence, and terror of mative and includes a valuable appendix in which — the Peron regime. Contains a great deal of information Captain Juan D. Peron explains his role in the coup. about the 1943-1955 period.

6091. Scalabrini Ortiz, Raul. Politica bri- 6098. Argentine Republic. Comision Natanica en el Rio de la Plata. 2. ed. B.A.., cional de Investigaciones. Libro negro de

1940. 313 p. la segunda tirania. B.A., 1958. 316 p.

Originally published by F.O.R.J.A. in 1935, this book This is a readily available digest of the previous item has been expanded to include the 1935-1940 period. _ that has since gone through many printings.

The author, a leading left-wing nationalist, documents . . . British control of the railroads, petroleum, meat pack- 6999. Baily, Samuel L. Labor, nationalism,

ing, etc., and attacks this control in a manner similar and politics in Argentina. New Bruns-

to that of Irazusta. wick, N.J., 1967. 241 p. bibl.

6092. Torres, José L. La decada infame. A scholarly examination of the important political and devoted

Pook

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B.A.. 1945. 272 Dp. ecological roe prayed by labor Pre enter century

amie the “British tera suse. Tore of the he account of the various labor groups, including the

on rm a Kant obra ode a the Peronists, whom he believes have a right to be heard

scribe the period phrase “infamous decade” to de- and understood in their own terms.

6093. Uriburu, José F. Lo que me dijo e] 100. Blanksten, George I. Peron’s ArgenGral. Uriburu. Prélogo del Gral. Fran- tina. Chicago, 1953. 478 p. bibl. . Medina. B.A..ee 1933. A of political the rise and developCISCO ‘ Tote a ws224 Pp.p. .illus ment Peronscientist's throughaccount his firstofadministration. The

.,2}e.

A series of interesting interviews between Uriburu parts on Perén’s ideology, political objectives, and and a reporter for La Razon of Buenos Aires, José strategy are particularly good, but the author’s strong Espigares Moreno, that took place early in 1932. anti-Peronist sentiments appear now and then.

6094. Uriburu, José F. La palabra del Ge- 6101. Carril, Bonifacio del. Buenos Aires neral Uriburu. Préologo de Carlos Ibar- frente al pais. B.A., 1944. 348 p. bibl. guren. 2. ed. B.A., 1933. 175 p. An incisive study of the economic and social gap beAn important collection of the speeches of the right- tween Buenos Aires and the rest of the nation written

ARGENTINA: TWENTIETH CENTURY S567 by a right-wing nationalist. The author includes an during the post-Perén period. In an attempt to appeal interesting list of suggestions for unifying the country. to all Argentines, he stresses the legality and nonrev-

, ; olutionary nature of the Movimiento Justicialista and

6102. Damonte Taborda, Raul. Ayer fue San the right of the Peronists to participate in Argentine Peron. 12 anos de humiliacion argentina. __ political life.

B.A., 1955. 271 p. as

The author, a national deputy from 1938 to 1942, 6108. Lafiandra, Felix, ed. Los paniletos, su chairman of the Congressional Investigating Commit- aporte a la revolucion libertadora: retee of Un-Argentine Activities, and for a time secre- copilacion, comentario y notas. B.A., tary of the UCR, presents what is for the most part a 1955. 524 p. illus.

volatile polemic against Perdn. Originally publishedin —_A collection with notes and comments of several hun-

Brazil in 1954, this book sets forth some interesting greq pamphlets, essays, and poems attacking the ideas on Peron’s attempt to re-establish Argentina’s perén regime written in 1954 and 1955. Most of the

hegemony in the Rio de la Plata area. material is written by the church or by church sympa6103. Etchecopar, Maximo. Esquema de la tzers. ‘An important source book for the study of Argentina. B.A., 1956. 204 p. (Coleccidn SPPOSHON fo Feron.

Temas y valores). 6109. Lucero, Franklin. El precio de la leal-

A distinguished diplomat and Catholic nationalist tad: injusticias sin precedentes en la trawho was abescador to the Vatican in 1950 1951 and dici6n argentina, B.A., 1959. 247 p,

. _? : The minister of war during the latter of the Per6én in Argentina. He condemns thehis all-embracing powerinpart : :that eerar : , regime defends participation government of Buenos Aires rT and argues that Perén appealed to the 7Libertea , and attacks the persecution of the ““Revolucién masses because there was no institutional relationship » . . . ar we 8 people. such “uninformed” and ‘‘slanderous”’ books as those

between the government and most of the veovle tadora.”’ He is anxious to explain the truth in light of

6104. Franceschi, Gustavo J. Totalitarismos. by Luis Ernesto Lonardi and Anibal O. Olivieri.

B.A., 1945-1946. 2 v. (His Obras com- 6110. Magnet, Alejandro. Nuestros vecinos

pletas 3-4). . argentinos. Santiago de Chile, 1956. 427

Monsignor Franceschi, for many years editor of Cath- p. (Colecci6n América).

olic Action’s magazine Criterio and in the early 1950's An incisive, perceptive, and well-informed account of an opponent of Peron, was one of Argentina’s most — pergn’s Argentina by a Chilean journalist. The author, important Catholic nationalists. In this book he evalu- who for the most part is detached from his subject, is

ates governments on the basis of the role played by mildly anti-Peronist ,

the church in each. He rejects Russian Communism, ; German National Socialism, Italian Fascism, and 6111. Main, Mary F. The woman with the Liberalism in favor of a Franco-type regime. whip: Eva Peré6n. Garden City, N.Y.,

6105. Germani, Gino. Politica y sociedad 1952.286p. en una época de transicién: de la socie- 7s uncocumented biceps of Maria Eva Dus dad tradicional a la sociedad de Masas. and particularly her involvement with Peron, contains B.A., 1962. 266 p. illus., bibl. (Biblioteca much useful information and is probably the best in

de psicologia social y sociologia). existence. Although the title suggests a hostile point

An important well-documented book by Argentina’s of view, the author at times shows considerable symleading sociologist that is most valuable for its ana- pathy for her subject.

lysis of the problems and implications of the process of , . modernization in Argentina. The sections on Peronism 6112. Marsal S., Pablo. Peron y la Iglesia. are objective and discerning. This is a must for those B.A., 1955. 157 p. interested in twentieth-century Argentina. A useful narrative of Perén’s anti-Catholic campaign 6106. Ghioldi, Américo A. De la tirania a la of 1954 and 1955 written by a backer of the church.

democr . ‘al. acia B.A.. 1956.D./\., 170 fais TheP-author church’s early support PeSOClal. én and defends insists thatthe some of his left-wing cabinet of mem(Coleccion de testimonios politicos). bers turned him against the church. At the same time

An anti-Peronist polemic written by a long-time So- he claims that the church opposed Peron during his cialist party leader and one of the two Socialists onthe last two years in office.

Junta Consultativa of the provisional government of -. ; oe ; Lonardi and Aramburu. It includes sections on Evita, 6113. Meinvielle, Julio. Politica argentina, the constitution, the reforms proposed by the Socialist 1949-1956. B.A., 1956. 325 Dp.

party, and Freud and Argentina. In this provocative collection of articles from the

. 7 ae magazine Presencia, the well-known right-wing na-

o1y7. Guard. Ricardo C. Horas dificiles. tionalist Padre Meinville attacks the liberalism of the

B.A., 1 63. 370 p. ; Constitution of 1949 and the ‘‘godless”’ nature of the

A former president of the Chamber of Deputies Peron regime. He then sets forth his Falangist ideas as (1946-1952) and a leading member of the Movimiento the basis for the reconstruction of Argentine society.

Justicialista from 1958 to 1962, describes with con- .

siderable objectivity the problems faced by Peronists 6114. Nudelman, Santiago I. Problemas de

568 SINCE INDEPENDENCE la independencia economica. B.A., 1955. dijo. B.A., 1956. 237 p. (Coleccion de

342 p. testimonios politicos).

An account of some of the congressional debates dur- A competent, encyclopedic, year-by-year account of ing the Perén period in which the author, a prominent the Perén regime written from an anti-Peronist point

member of the Radical party, unsuccessfully at- of view. Particularly useful because of the names,

tempted to oppose Peron. Includes the author’s 1953 dates, and events it includes, and because it is indexed.

wor for the pe social. An important documentary 6122. Ramos, Jorge A. La lucha por un par-

oo. tido revolucionario. B.A., 1964. 143 p.

6115. Olivieri, Anibal O. Dos veces rebelde: (Serie: Polémica y verdad).

memorias del contraalmirante Anibal O. A collection of articles by one of the leading theoreti-

Olivieri. julio 1945-abril 1957. B.A., cians of the national left in which he discusses the

1958. 265 p. efforts since October 17, 1945, to forge a popular rev-

Rear Admiral Olivieri was secretary of navy from olutionary alliance in Argentina.

1951 to June 16, 1955, and ambassador to the United 6123. Reyes, Cipriano. ;Qué es el labo-

Nations during the government. In these 1946. in- , 9 format; }Lonardi rismo? B.A., crmative and frank memoirs, he provides117 muchp. in- é iv lab f formation about the navy during the Peron period and One of the most important ear y labor supporters © explains his involvement in the rebellion of June 16, Peron who was a central figure in the demonstrations 1955. Includes numerous letters and other documents. of October 17, 1945 ’ and in the establishment of the much neglected Partido Laborista, explains what he

6116. Pastor, Reynaldo A. Frente al totali- believes to be the goals and objectives of that party. At

tarismo peronista. Prélogo de Federico the time he wrote the book, he was already at odds

Pinedo. B.A., 1959. 423 p. with Peron.

A leading Conservative politician, who has beenactive 6124. Sanchez Sorondo, Marcelo. La revoluin Argentine public affairs since 1922 and who was a cidn que anunciamos. B.A., 1945. 286 p. member of the Comision Nacional Consultativa A collection of articles by a leading right-wing na(1955-1958), examines in detail the Peron period. tionalist that appeared in the magazine, Nueva Poli6117. Perelman, Angel. Como hicimos el “¢@ in the early | 940's. The author, who is looking

i7d , B.A.. 80 Ed;ish forpast a Caesar to reinject the period spiritualinto unity of the Span. € tub octu re. ae1961. . p. (Ediand of the Rosas contemporary

ciones Coyoacan 25). Argentina, is gleeful about the June 4, 1943, coup.

Perelman, a Socialist turned Peronist, was secretary . ~

general of the important Unién Obrera Metalirgica 6125. Solari, Juan A. Doce anos de oprofrom its establishment in 1943 to 1946. In this book bio, itinerario de la dictadura. B.A., 1956. he comments on Argentine history from 1930 to 1945 259 p.

and concludes with a chapter on the important events Solari, secretary general of the Argentine Socialist of October 17, 1945. Good explanation of why labor party from 1940 to 1951, provides a highly critical but

supported Peron. at times perceptive analysis of the Perén regime and

6118. Perén, Eva. La razon de mi vida. thet suggests what must be done to restore democracy

B.A., 1951. 316 p. illus. ome COM

This autobiographical work, probably ghostwritten by 6126. Tieffenberg, David. Exigencias prole-

the Spanish journalist Manuel Penella de Silva, is an tarias a la revolucién: la legislacion important piece of propaganda. It was written as part obrera en el régimen peronista. B.A., of Peron’s effort ensure of the 126 pv. (Edici | descamisados totohim afterthe thecontinued death of loyalty his wife. En-1956. ; . p. iciones populares argenglish tr. by Ethel Cherry, My mission in life (N.Y.., tinas).

1953)., An activist in the left-wing Muniz faction ofexpelled the Ar, gentine Socialist party, who was eventually 61 19. Peron, Juan D. Peron expone su doc- from that group, argues that during the Perén period trina. B.A., 1947. 373 p. illus. the country produced little important social legislation

Collected excerpts of Perén’s speeches from 1943 to compared to other Latin American countries. He in1947 organized into sections on economics, politics, sists that Argentina must include a social program in international relations, social problems, etc. A good its constitution. introduction to the ideas of Perdén during the early

years of his first administration. 10. 19556120. Peron, Juan D. El pueblo quiere saber 6127. Alende, Oscar E. Punto de partida. de que se trata. B.A., 1944. 240 p. , , An important collection of Perdén’s speeches on a Prologo de Gabriel del Mazo. B.A., variety of subjects as he rose to power within the pro- 1965. 417 p.

visional government in 1944. a Radicalofnational deputy fromfrom hon 1988. . . , - overnor of Alende, the province Buenos Aires 1—

6121. Rabinovitz, Bernardo. Sucedio en la 1962. and the UCRI presidential candidate in 1963 Argentina (1943-1956): lo que no se_ makes some incisive comments on the 1962-1964 pe-

ARGENTINA: TWENTIETH CENTURY 569 riod and in particular on the 1963 presidential elec- by three specialists in the field. The book consists of tion. He argues that Argentina can solve its problems the edited versions of papers presented before the

if it can develop a national ego. Argentine Center for the Liberty of Culture in June,

6128. Aramburu, Pedro E., and Isaac F. . ; _ Rojas. La revolucién libertadora: dis- 6135. Frigerio, Rogelio. Los cuatro anos, 1964.

cursos del presidente provisional de la 1958-1962; politica economica para arRepublica Argentina Pedro E. Aram- gentinos: r ecopilacion de ensayos y Conburu y del vicepresidente Isaac F. Rojas ferencias sobre politica economica. Proen 12 meses de gobierno. B.A., 1956. logo y notas de Arnaldo T. Musich. B.A.,;

207 p. 1962. 394 p. illus.

A good collection of the speeches of the provisional 4 good collection of the speeches and writings of Radipresident and vice president of Argentina during the cal President Frondizi’s chief economic adviser. He

first year of the ‘“‘Revolucién Libertadora.” sees the lack of oil and foreign credit in addition to the

. . . excessive number of government employees as the

nversi . Relevamien | - . ye: os

6129. Argentine Republic. Consejo Federal major barriers to development.

. e 9 . « °9 . » 4 4

oe ene regional de Ia mento ¢e argen- 6136. Frondizi, Arturo. Politica economica

tina. B.A., 1962. 5 v. illus., maps nacional. Prologo por Jorge E. Bullrich.

An extensive and well-documented quantitative de- Be Aon 316 p. (Coleccion Dia

scription of the regional productive structure of Ar- vemidero). gentina and of inter-regional economic relations. A representative collection of the important speeches Includes a useful volume of maps. This study was on economic matters by Radical President Frondizi

produced by the Instituto Torcuato di Tella. while he was in office. He discusses, among other 6130. Belloni, Alberto. Peronismo y socia- prices. and “feather-bedding.”

; . . things, the issues of oil, transportation, wages,

lismo nacional. B.A., 1962. 64 p. ,

A young member of the national left who has been 6137. Imaz, Jose L. de. La clase alta de active in the labor movement critically examines Ar- Buenos Aires. B.A., 1962. 86 p. map. gentina since the overthrow of Perén and discusses (Coleccion Estructura)

the possibility _of a national front. , of An excellent study of the upper class of the"city

6131. Cafiero, Antonio F. Cinco anos des- Buenos Aires made in early 1959 by an Argentine

pues... B.A., 1961. 471 p. illus. sociologist. On the basis of a questionnaire (included

Cafiero, minister of foreign trade and commerce dur- in the appendix) and other material, the. author deing the last years of the Perén regime, compares Pe- scribes the background, occupation, political inclinarén’s economic policies with those of the governments tions, social habits, and attitudes of his subjects.

between 1955 and 1960. He argues that there has . s . os been a steady economic deterioration since 1955. One 6138. {razusta, Julio. Peron y la crisis arof the most articulate and persuasive defenses of gentina. B.A., 1956. 243 p.

Peronism. A leading right-wing nationalist condemns Peron for

. wn , . paying too much for the formerly British-owned rail-

6132. Carril, Bonifacio del. Cronica interna roads, for his attacks on the church, and for his relide la revoluci6n libertadora. B.A., 1959. ance on labor. He also attacks the influence of foreign

277 p. illus. capital in the Aramburu government. A right-wing nationalist, who was active in the Ra- : ‘ . . . mirez government and in the “‘Revolucién Liberta- 6139. Lonardi, Luis E. Dios es justo: Lo-

dora,” writes a detailed account of the overthrow of nardi y la revolucion. B.A., 1958. 400 p. Peron and of politics up to the election of Frondizi. illus.

, pos General Eduardo Lonardi was one of the leaders of

6133. Cossio, Carlos. La politica como CON- the movement that overthrew Perdén, and became ciencia, meditacion sobre la Argentina provisional president of Argentina from mid-Septem-

de 1955. B.A., 1957. 305 p. illus. ber to mid-November, 1955. In this book, his son dis-

A penetrating examination of the problems facing cusses the events in which Lonardi played such an Argentina during the 1955-1957 period written by a important part and provides much useful information.

well-known professor in the University of Buenos . Aires who was forced out of his job by Perén. He 6140. Montemayor, Mariano. Claves para

argues convincingly that successful ‘“‘deperonization” entender a un gobierno. 2. ed. B.A., 1960. cannot be based on the persecution of the Peronists. 296 p. 6134. Dimase, Leonardo, Alfredo Gar6fano, A pro-Frondizi Radical journalist examines the period

G d Andij t - from=1955 1960some and,perceptive despite his conspiratorial and. erardo n ujar.La situacion views,tomakes observations. He ar-

gremial en la Argentina. B.A., 1964.63 p. gues that “the enemy” has constantly deceived the

An important beginning of a scholarly evaluation of | people and has attempted to divide the national and the labor movement and its future in Argentina written popular forces.

$70 SINCE INDEPENDENCE 6141. Orsolini, Mario H. La crisis del A perceptive analysis of the views of Amadeo and the ejército. B.A., 1964. 93 p. (Coleccién — tight-wing nationalists by an ex-Communist and a

Dia venidero) He supports the right wing’ssentiments, antiliberalism, CTO). nationalist. i anti-imperialism, and anticorruption but

Lt. Col. Orsolini (ret.) argues that the military broke he attacks the right wing because it was pro-Nazi, too its Own tradition in 1930 when it actively intervenedin jose to the church, and too much a part of the upper

politics, and that ever since there has been a conflict class ,

between those who want a national professional army and those who want an ideological and partisanarmy. 6148. Sebreli, Juan J. Buenos Aires, vida He favors a national professional army and anendto —cotidiana y alienacion. B.A., 1964. 183 p.

eronist Camps. h . . . .

tne division of Argentine society into pro- and anti- Sebreli, a Marxist who is concerned because Marxists

ave abandoned the microsociological analysis of

stimulating, though at times debatable, of)theof B.A., 1960. 301 ! groups gh account zin |the3city ;960 attitudes and aspirations ofp. social

6142. Perina, Emilio. Detras de la crisis. classes to the “sociologists of the right,” sets forth a A Pp erceptive, thoughtful, and generally balanced ac- Buenos Aires. The fact that this book has had more count of political events in Argentina from 1955 to than nine printings since 1964 indicates its immense 1960 written by an Argentine newspaper man who opularit prior to 1955 had lived in Brazil. His sections on the POPUIANTY.

Frondizi-Balbin split and on the efforts of Frondizito 6149. Selser, Gregorio. Argentina a precio bring about national unification are excellent. He is a de costo: el gobierno de Frondizi. Pro-

pro-Frondizi nationalist. ° . B.A., ,: } logo de Rogelio Garcia Lupo. 6143. Peron, Juan D. La fuerza es el derecho 19635. 302 p. (Coleccién Documentos 6). de las bestias. Habana, 1956. 161 p. A left-wing nationalist who is a member of the PalaThis book is Perén’s own account of Argentine his- | cios branch of the Socialist party examines the Frontory from 1943 to 1956 with particular emphasis on dizi government in a collection of his newspaper arthe 1955-1956 period. Contains much useful informa- _ ticles. He argues, quite skillfully, the widely held point tion on Per6én and the church and Peron and the mili- of view that Frondizi betrayed his campaign promises.

tary, plus some perceptive comments on the first year of the ‘“Revolucién Libertadora.” 6150. Strasser, Carlos. Las izquierdas en el

; _ proceso politico argentino por Silvio

6144. Prieto, Ramon. El pacto: 8 anos de Frondizi et al. Reportaje preparado por

politica argentina. B.A. | 763. 236 P. . Carlos Strasser. B.A., 1959. 300 p.

A perceptive although at times debatable analysis o (Coleccién Agramante).

Argentine political life from 1955 to 1962 written bya 4) important book on the role of the left in twentiethleft-wing nationalist who supports national integration. century Argentina composed of the responses to a

_ . - 2 . positions on the left. It includes questions on the la actualidad. B.A., 1963..127 p. tina since 1916, on Peron, and on Frondizi. A Socialist and a long-time member of the printers’ . . union condemns the Peronists and calls for the return 6151. Whitaker, Arthur P. Argentine up6145. Ramicone, Luis. Apuntes para la his- qrestiqnnalre submicd 0 ten persons wun a variety toria: la organizacion gremial obrera en nature of the left, on the position of the left in Argen-

3>.

to the principles of the pre-Perén labor movement. A heaval: Peron’s fall and the new regime. good illustration of the lack of communication between N.Y., 1956. 179 p. (The Foreign Policy the Socialists and the Peronists in Argentina today. Research Institute. New York. Series 1)

“4? A useful detailed account and analysis of Argentine

6146. Rowe, James W. Argentina s durable history from June, 1955, to early 1956 by a leading Peronists: a twentieth anniversary note. «Js authority on Argentina.

American Universities Field Staff. Re-

ports Service. East Coast South America 6! ede eae Eduardo, Geogr ana ee

1966. illusandp. maps,statistical bibl. || . ; ; ; An important well-documented analysis

Series. Argentina, v. 12, no. 2. Apr., A ATS » DA

A perceptive evaluation of the causes of Peronism and of the Argentine election of 1957 with charts and

of the reasons for its enduring strength. graphs on all parties and for all of the provinces. The

s author also compares his results with those of other

6147. Sabato, Ern esto. El otro rostro del elections and includes in his appendix figures on the peronismo: carta abierta a Mario Ama- composition of Congress (1912-1943) and of the Elec-

deo. B.A., 1956. 62 p. toral College (1854-1938).

PARAGUAY S71 N. Paraguay HARRIS G. WARREN

Paraguayan historiography since independence divides into three principal periods with dividing lines at 1870 and about 1935. Because of space limitations, the last two periods are combined in this bibliography. First is the era of the dictators, Francia and the Lopez, which ends in 1870 with the complete defeat of Paraguay

in the War of the Triple Alliance. There was very little historical writing by Paraguayans under the dictators, and certainly no school of historians existed. Major themes for this period are the lives of the dictators, international relations, and the saga of the Paraguayan War. The second period, like the first, ended in a terrible conflict. The third period, since 1935, has been one of considerable economic and social change.

From 1870 to 1935, Paraguayans enjoyed freedom of the press to an extent completely unknown since the Chaco War. There were few travelers to interpret Paraguay to the reading public; Washburn’s History (1060), various editions of the Robertsons’ popular accounts of Francia (6164), and Koebel’s survey (1054) were principal sources in English. José Segundo Decoud, Cecilio Baez, and other public men wrote at length on such topics as the War of the Triple Alliance and Paraguay’s claims to the Chaco. Indeed, the principal efforts of Paraguayan his-

torians have been directed to the Paraguayan War, claims to the Chaco, the personalities of the great dictators, and political polemics. Almost without exception, Paraguay’s historians have been leaders in political, educational, and economic endeavors. Their histories, therefore, usually reflect their political bias. The Decouds (6201) were violently anti-Lopista. The apotheosis of Francisco Solano Lopez, begun before 1900, became a dogma, a fetish, for

the majority of Colorados. Juan Emiliano O’Leary (6203) led this historical movement, which has very strong nationalistic overtones; Liberal writers, led by Cecilio Baez (6171), Eusebio Ayala (6223), and Eligio Ayala urged their countrymen to lay the foundations for a genuine democracy. After the Chaco War, the Lépez issue decreased somewhat in importance; but to faithful Colorados, the farther Lopez recedes into the past, the greater is his glory. Paraguay’s best and most prolific historians are, for the most part, of the present century. Efraim Cardozo (6154), Justo Pastor Benitez (6153, 6193, 6194), Julio

César Chaves (6199, 6200), and Pablo Max Ynsfran (6176) have repeatedly combined prodigious research and scholarship with literary skill to lift Paraguayan historiography to its highest level. Still, there is no golden period in any area of Paraguayan letters. The polemicist, the partisan, 1s too evident. The heroic and not the prosaic has so intrigued the historian that huge gaps exist in economic, cultural, and social history. Here there is much virgin territory that is extremely difficult to explore. Except for Cardozo (6154), no Paraguayan has written an important history of Paraguay that spans the period since independence; all others

$72 SINCE INDEPENDENCE like to start with the well-worked—but far from exhausted—colonial period. There are few historical novels, and all but one of those worthy of note concern

the Paraguayan War, Madame Lynch, and Solano Lopez. Neither natives nor foreigners have utilized the tremendously rich and dramatic themes in Paraguayan history. The few significant studies of agricultural colonies and banking are by

foreigners. There are no histories of railways, river transportation, and telecommunications. Despite the country’s role in two major wars, no Paraguayan has written a first-rate history of either conflict. There is a great lack of critical, thorough biographies; nearly all examples of this genre are laudatory encomiums or violent polemics.

A major reason for these and many other lacunae is the lack of a strong, continuing program of archival accumulation. Custodians of family archives are extremely reluctant to allow access to significant materials. Political confusion and a succession of dictatorships after 1936 increased obstacles to scholarship; exile, voluntary and imposed, separated historians from prime sources; censorship prevented the creation of invaluable contemporary sources. Paraguay has had no long-lived serials other than government publications, and even these have suffered from irregular publication.

1. General cion del Paraguay. Madrid, 1958. 310 p.

; This sympathetic, perceptive interpretation ranges

6153. Benitez, Justo P. Paraguay. Indepen- widely over history and culture; poetic in style, this dencia y organizacion del estado (1811-— memoir of a short residence captures cultural nuances 1870). In Ricardo Levene, ed. Historia that generally escape the casual visitor.

de América. B.A., 1940-1941. v. 5:295- 6157. Grubb, Wilfrid B. An unknown peo-

332. ple in an unknown land: an account of

Here a major Paraguayan historian presents the essen- the life and history of the Lengua Indians

of the Paraguayan War. ; map. ; London, 1911. 329 p. illus.,

tial facts for the period from independence to the end of the Paraguayan Chaco... 2. ed. 6154. Cardozo, Efraim. Paraguay indepen- The first missionary sent to the Chaco by the Church diente. /n Antonio Ballesteros y Beretta, of England South American Missionary Society, ed. Historia de América y de los pueblos Grubb was a keen observer and a skillful narrator.

americanos, v. 21. Barcelona, 1949. 401 6158. Lafuente Machain, Ricardo de, ed. La

p. illus., bibl. Asuncién de antafio. B.A., 1943. 87 p.

The best history in any language of independent Para- illus., map. (Coleccién Buen Aire 35). guay, ane heavy Pontical sey peeve 38 the This brief description is compiled from comments by vod. t cote h Ch wea disor the 1870-1928 pe- chroniclers and travelers from earliest years to 1869 riod, except for the Chaco dispute. Footnotes and and beautifully illustrated by Roger H. Ayala.

bibliography are outstanding.

6159. Leite, Mario. Do Brasil ao Paraguai.

2. Description and Travel Impressoes de viagem e de costumes. Sao Paulo, 1940. 185 p. map.

6155. Gibson, Meredith H. Gran Chaco call- An_engineer greatly interested in improving communi-

ing: a chronicle of sport and travel in cations between Brazil and Paraguay, Leite’s impres-

Paraguay and the Chaco. London, 1934.

sions are sketchy but realistic.

220 p. illus., map. 6160. Mahé, Marcel. Méfiez-vous des

An interesting account of Chaco and its difficulties, paradis, aventures et mésaventures d’un this chronicle, written with humor but not exaggera- francais aul Paraguay Paris [1954]

tion, has enduring value. 252 p : , :

6156. Giménez Caballero, Ernesto. Revela- Here a French traveler presents his diary of a 1951

PARAGUAY: 1813-1870 573 trip to Paraguay; his pervasive good humor cloaks a en. Boston, 1935. 416 p.

sharp warning to be wary of this mythical paradise. Originally written in German and translated by the

. P . author, this novel reveals considerable knowledge of

6161. Molins, W[e nceslao| Jaime. Paraguay: Paraguayan history and is a severe indictment of cronicas americanas. B.A., 1915. 234 p. Madame Lynch. Molins, primarily interested in social and economic , conditions, offers accurate observations of these mat- 6168. Galvez, Manuel. Escenas de la guerra ters but neglects to provide adequate statistics. del Paraguay. I Los caminos de la muerte.

6162. Page, Thomas J. La Plata, the Argen- II Humaita. II] Jornadas de agonia. tine Confederation, and Paraguay. Being B.A., 1928-1929. 3 v.

a narrative of the exploration of the tribu- This is an enthralling novel by a close student of the taries of the River La Plata and a djacen t war who traces it in the lives of young people.

countries during the years 1853, 1854, 6169. Varela, Héctor F. Elisa Lynch. B.A.,

1855, and 1856... N.Y., 1859. 632 p. 1934. 363 p.

illus., map. Difficult to classify, this critical treatment of Madame

A nineteenth-century classic, this is the best account Lynch is both a biographical novel and a novelized of Paraguay under Carlos Antonio Lépez by a for- biography. The characters, including Ildefonso Bereigner; includes the Hopkins and Water Witch affairs, ™€J9- have their real names. The first edition was pubwith extensive quotations from documents in the text lished in Buenos Aires in 1870 under the pseudonym

and appendix. Orion.

6163. Posada, Adolfo. La reptblica del Para- 6170. White, Edward L. El Supremo: a

guay, impresiones y comentarios. Ma- romance of the great dictator of Para-

drid, 1911. 274 p. illus., map. guay. N.Y.,[1916].700p.

In this memoir of a trip to Paraguay in 1910, a profes- Dedicated “"To the Scandalized and Indignant Ghosts sor of the University of Madrid has left an excellent Of John Parish Robertson and William Parish Robertdescription of the river voyage from Buenos Aires and $00,” this long, loosely constructed novel ends with a

of Asuncion. justification for Francia’s regime. White’s Francia a truly is a fictional character.

6164. Robertson, John P., and William P. Robertson. Letters on Paraguay: com- 4. The Great Dictatorships, 1813-1870 prising an account of a four years resl-

dence in that republic, under the govern- a. General

ment of the dictator Francia. 2. ed. 6171, B4ez, Cecilio. Ensayo sobre el doctor

London, 1839. 3 v. Francia y la dictadura en Sud-América

First in 2 v.were in London and Philadelphia in A ‘6n. 1981 v. bibl. ill ° 1838,published these “‘letters’’ so successful that v. 3 , suncion, as1910. p. AOL. US.

soon followed as Francia’s reign of terror. The au- Baez presents Francia as a disciple of Rousseau but thors were merchants of long experience in the Plata; as difficulty in reconciling principles of the French their “letters” are a standard source for Francia’s re- ¢Mlightenment with Francia’s dictatorship. The Para-

gime. guayan revolution and Francia’s regime form 6 chapters; a general essay on dictatorships concludes the

3.H N volume. . Historical Novels

6172. Gelly, Juan A. El Paraguay: lo que 6165. Baillie, Alexander F. A Paraguayan fué, lo que es, y lo que sera. Paris, 1926.

treasure: the search and the discovery. 165 p. London, 1887. 368 p. map. First published anonymously at Rio in 1848, these

Despite the subtitle, there has never been a discovery _ thin essays have had a currency beyond their worth. of the treasure Francisco Solano Lépez is supposed Gelly had diplomatic experience and was secretary to have buried; this novel can hardly be called litera- © Francisco Solano Lopez during the 1853 trip to ture, but is valuable for observations of the country, Europe.

since Baile was associated with the abortive Lin- 6173. Oddone, Rafael. Esquema politico del

: . Paraguay. B.A., [1948]. 223 p.

6166. Chaves, Maria Concepcion Leyes de. Although weak on Francisco Solano Lépez, this is an Madame Lynch: evocacion. B.A., 1957. accurate, well-written history from independence

660 p. illus through the War of the Triple Alliance; the short, un-

Based on considerable research, this novel succes- emotional evaluation of Eliza Lynch is sound.

fully recaptures the spirit of the times; unnecessarily 6174. Poucel, Benjamin. Le Paraguay mo-

harsh on critics of Madame Lynch. derne et l’interét général du commerce 6167. Dombrowski zu Papros und Krusvic, fondé sur les lois de la géographie et sur Kathe (Schonberger) von. Land of wom- les enseignements de l’histoire . . . Mar-

574 SINCE INDEPENDENCE seille, 1867. 336 p. map. c. Memoirs

Published during the Paraguayan War, this standard ; ; ; work gives a brief description of the country, stresses 6181. Bermejo, Ildefonso Antonio. Rept-

diplomacy, describes the war to Curupaity, reprints blicas americanas: episodios de la vida many documents, and includes the du Graty map. privada, politica y social en la Republica

- y figure

6175. Rengger, Johann R., and Marcelin del Paraguay. 3. ed. Asuncidn, 1913.

Longchamp. Essai historique sur la re- In ‘heed memoirs of a minor Spanish literary figu volution du Paraguay et le gouverne who lived in Paraguay from 1855 to 1860, the elder ment dictatorial du docteur Francia. Lopez and the country, particularly Asuncion, are

Paris, 1827. 300 p. map. subjected to searching criticism. Bermejo helped to

Long detained by Francia, these trained observers edit El Semanario and El Eco. The first edition was recorded trustworthy observations that are a major published in Madrid, 1873.

source for the Francia regime. An English edition fol- 7 .s

lowed in 1827 under the title The reign of Doctor 6182. Centurion, Juan Crisostomo. MeJoseph Gaspard Roderick de Francia, in Para- morias O reminiscencias historicas sobre

guay ... la guerra. Asuncion, 1944-1945. 4 y. av First published in 1894-1901, these memoirs are by 6176. Ynsfr an, Pablo Max. La expedicion the inquisitor-general and torturer who presided over

norteamericana contra el Paraguay, the notorious Tribunales de Sangre in the War of the 1858-1859. México, 1954-1958. 2 vy. Triple Alliance; documents are appended ‘to each

illus., maps, bibl. volume. |

The only thorough investigation of the subject. A dis- 6183. Maiz, Fidel. Etapas de mi vida. Con-

tinct contribution. [C.C.G.] testacion a las imposturas de Juan Sil-

vano Godoy. Asuncion, 1919. 232 p. b. Documents illus.

: , er. Maiz was one of the Lopez inquisitors. The appendix

6177. Gill Aguinaga, Juan B. La asociacion has documents purporting to prove the existence of a

paraguaya en la guerra de la Triple conspiracy. Rumor ascribes authorship to Juan E.

Alianza. [B.A.], 1959. 202 p. illus. O’Leary.

An excellent short and well-documented account of :

the war is followed by 135 pages of documents con- 6184. Masterman, George F. Seven eventful

cerning the Paraguayan exiles who fought for the years in Paraguay. A narrative of perAllies. sonal experience amongst the Paraguay, ; ans. London, 1869. 356 p. illus., map. 6178. Lopez, Fr aNncisco S. Proclamas y A memoir by the chief military apothecary written cartas del Mariscal Lopez. B.A., 1957. while under stress of war experiences, this is a good

203 p. source for war-time conditions in Paraguay and for

Letters, proclamations, orders, and miscellaneous the Lopez atrocities but must be used with exceptional documents derived from various sources for the years Caution.

d lati f . . : . ° . try and its people and notes upon the

1845-1870, this haphazard collection is of value pre 6185 Thompson, George. The war in Para-

rateval there 1 no good compilation of suc guay, with a historical sketch of the coun-

6179. Papeles del tirano del Paraguay, military engineering of the war. London, tomados por los aliados en el asalto de 1869. 347 p. illus., map. 27 de diciembre de 1868. B.A., 1869. The historical sketch is of little consequence, but

140 p. Thompson’s war memoirs are invaluable for the ex-

Widely published and translated, these Lopez papers periences of a foreign officer long faithful to Solano are part of the dictator’s archives and relate mostly to L0pez. the War of the Triple Alliance.

6180. Paraguay. Presidente, 1844-1862 (Car- a

d. Periodicals

los .A.f Lépez). Carlos 6186. Cabichut, 806" 1868. nos. war . : tH. Mensajes ublisheddein the Anfield, this was the best of95four

tonio Lopez, primer presidente constitu journals. Founders were Juan Criséstomo Centuri6n cional de la republica. Asuncion, 1931. ‘ana Natalicio Talavera; notable for cartoons by Gre-

139 p. gorio Inocencio Aquino.

These messages to Congress for 1842, 1844, 1849, a _ 1854, and 1857 were also published in E/ Semanario. 6187. El eco del Paraguay. Asuncion, 1855

These messages themselves are not very revealing 1857. 108 nos.

but uphold the claim, or pretense, of constitutional- Edited by the Spaniard, IHdefonso Bermejo, this jour-

ism. nal replaced E/ Semanario temporarily.

PARAGUAY: 1813-1870 $75 6188. El Paraguayo independiente. Asun- Solano L6pez, is accurate for the most part but ac-

cién, 1845-1852. 118 nos. cepts Tumors as facts and exaggerates Madame

The first periodical published in Paraguay, edited and Lynch’s fortune.

largely written by Carlos Antonio Lopez; ceased pub- 6196. Bray, Arturo. Hombres y épocas del lication on recognition of independence by Urquiza. Paraguay. 3. ed. B.A., 1957. 2 v. illus. Reprinted in 2 v., 1859; v. | only reprinted 1930. Far more emphasis on men than on epochs is found in 6189. El semanario de avisos y conocimien- these popularly written biographies of fourteen Paratos utiles. Asuncién, 1853-1855, 1857— suayans, with no attempt at chronological order.

1868. 753 nos. 6197. Bray, Arturo. Solano Lopez: soldado

LIUS. . .

This official weekly is the most important periodical de la gloria y del infortunio. 2. ed. Asun-

source for Paraguay under Lopez. cién, [1958]. 283 p.

6190. Talavera, Natalicio. La guerra de] In this well-written, balanced biography the author Paraguay: correspondencias publicadas avoids partisan excesses while showing Lopez in a

EI § ° . B.A.. 1958. 137 favorable light. There are many quotations from poorly

ah emanario. D.2\., ’ P. identified sources.

Talavera, co-founder of the war journal Cabichui, was 6198. Cabanellas, Guillermo. El dictador del

war correspondent for El Semanario. This collection Paraguay Dr. Francia. B.A., | 1946]. 397 is of value for a study of propaganda; the illustrations p. illus., bibl. (Biblioteca de grandes bio-

are from Cabichui. grafias, serie B, v. 12).

° 3 ° ~ e bd Ea

. . Probably the best biography of Francia, this well-

e. Biographies illustrated volume is adequately documented with

6191. Barrett. William E. Woman on horse references to archival and secondary sources.

back: the biography of Francisco [So- 6199. Chaves, Julio C. El presidente Lopez:

lano] Lopez and Eliza Lynch. N.Y., Vida y gobierno de Don Carlos. B.A.,

1938. 360 p. 1955. 364 p. illus., bibl.

Based on extensive but spotty research, this fast mov- _ One of the two leading biographies of the elder Lopez, ing, sympathetic biography has features of a novel. _ this well-researched study is almost entirely political The emphasis is on Madame Lynch. Barrett believed and places heavy emphasis on international relations;

there really was an anti-L6pez conspiracy. Lépez the ruler stands out much more clearly than

6192. Beal LewisLewis W. F ; Lopez man. . Bealer, W. the Francia,

supreme: ,

dictator of Paraguay: Carlos "Antonio. 6200. Chaves, Julio C. El supremo dictador:

° - : ed. B.A., . p. bibl.

Lopez, crganizer and dictator of the biografia 7 i 946), pasar ce Francia. 2. Paraguayan republic; Francisco Solano This well-documented biography, based on multiarLopez, a dictator run amuck. In A. Curtis chival research, is really a half-century of Paraguayan

Wilgus, ed. South American dictators history with Francia as the focus.

during the first century of independence. 6201. Cunninghame Graham, Robert B. wreile ashington, 1937. P.entirely 58-77, 136-172. ; Portrait of a dictator:sFrancisco Solano based almost on secondary accounts, _

; [1933]. 283 p. illus., map, bibl.

these short biographical sketches are still valuable. Lopez (Paraguay, 1865 1870). London,

6193. Benitez. Justo . P. Carlos Antonio Graham pictures Solano Lépez in an unfavorable

L6pez: estructuraciOén del estado para- __ light in this biography which depended primarily on

guayo. B.A., 1949. 298 p. secondary accounts; its virtues are a readable style

One of the best biographies of the elder L6pez, this and a generally accurate summary of events.

well-balanced study shows clearly the identification of 6202. Decoud, Héctor F. Elisa Lynch de

Loépez with Paraguay and B.A., is based1939. on extensive re-illus. °. search. Quatrefages. 323 p. ; . oo. Published posthumously; Decoud considered Madame

6194. Benitez, Justo P. La vida solitar ia del Lynch as an evil person disastrous for Paraguay. DeDr. José Gaspar de Francia. Biografia spite its bitter tone and polemic nature, this biography del dictador paraguayo. B.A., 1937.275 ‘84 significant example of anti-L6pez historiography.

p. illus., bibl. 6203. O’Leary, Juan E. El mariscal Solano

This lightly documented biographical essay, based on L6épez 2. ed. Madrid. 1925. 403 p. illus

multiarchival research, avoids extremes a : oraral . eee Althoughin thisjudgment. is an uncritical, rhapsodic, and emotion-

6195. Blomberg, Héctor P. La dama del packed paean, it does contain valuable interpretations Paraguay: biografia de Madama Lynch of Paraguay’s tragic years. The apotheosis of L6pez

BA [1942] 178 p. illus * has been O’Leary’s consuming passion.

The author, whose mother was a niece of Francisco 6204. Pérez Acosta, Juan F. Carlos Antonio

576 SINCE INDEPENDENCE Lopez, obrero maximo, labor administra- _ In this accurate treatment of a controversial subject, tiva y constructiva. Asuncion, 1948. 691 the author examines the evidence without heroics.

p. illus., map. 6212. O’Leary, Juan E. Los legionarios.

This excellent evaluation of the elder L6pez as ad- Asuncion, 1930. 235 p.

ministrator is especially valuable for the details On The nationalist above all things, O’Leary cast himself foreign technicians brought to Paraguay; the text 1s as David to Cecilio Baez’s Goliath. The crime of /ewell illustrated by quotations from documents: the gignarismo to O'Leary is the blackest of sins; here is

index is well done. his answer to Decoud’s Los emigrados paraguayos,

6205. Peterson, Harold F. Edward A. Hop- Signilicant ony as the work of the principal glorifier

kins: a pioneer promoter in Paraguay. pee HAHR. v. 22, May, 1942: 245-261. 6213. Versen, Max von. Reisen in America

This is an excellent pioneering study of the first United und der sudamerikanische Krieg. BresStates enterpriser to seek concessions in Paraguay. lau, 1872. 220 p. map. 6206. Wisner, Enrique. El dictador del Para- A visitor to the war Teer in 1867, von Versen was a

Ee ; . ; his descriptions raguay and o illus. lopizmo . . . (B.A., 1923).

ayay, J ;an1 asa military operations excellent. of theas book ae »« fearre D.S\.,yu. -5were published inare Spanish by Portions A. Rebaudi El Francisco Solano Lopez commissioned the author

(sometimes referred to as Wisner de Morgenstern) . to collect data on Francia. The MS was first published 5. Paraguay since 1870 in 1923; the present edition greatly enhanced by G / the critical notes of isChaves. d. Genera f. War of the Triple Alliance 6214. Baez, Cecilio, and José Rodriguez Alcala. El Paraguay moderno, 6 sea el

(See also Part VII, A) Paraguay estudiado del punto de vista 6207. Amerlan, Albert. Nachte am Rio Para- geografica, agricola, industrial, comercial guay. Reisebilder und Charakter-Skiz- —_y estadistico . . . Asuncion, 1915. 406

zen. B.A., 1886. 123 p. p. illus., map.

Despite the title, this is a generally accurate and al- One of the best of several country-wide surveys, proways interesting account of the Paraguayan War, pre- _fusely illustrated; sometimes listed under Gaudencio

ceded by a review of Paraguayan history and good Yubero, the proprietary editor.

sketches of Francia and the Lopez. Amerlan was in 2 . . Paraguay in 1876. An English edition appeared in 6215. Benitez, Justo P. Historia contem-

1902. poranea ce faraguay a parr de ee

. n Richard icardoF.Levene, ed. istoria 6208. Burton, Letters from the Amérj i ESde rica. B.A., 1940-1941. v.9:265-330. battlefields of Paraguay. London, 1870. A good brief summary of events to about 1928; is of

491 p. map, illus. little value for politics after 1928. Something of a war correspondent, Burton showed ; , familiarity with the war scene. The introductory essay 6216. Benitez, Justo P. El solar Guarani. is a penetrating analysis of Platine Realpolitik. Panorama de la cultura paraguaya en el

6209. Cardozo, Efraim. Visperas de la siglo xx. Prologo de Max Henriquez guerra del Paraguay. B.A., 1954. 340 p. __Urefia. B.A., [1947]. 254 p.

bibl Highly perceptive essays on notable Paraguayanwith au° thors, most of whom were also active politicians, An excellent documented monograph based on exten- a tute observations on events from 1870 to 1945 sive research in archival and published materials, this " study of the antecedents of the Paraguayan War sup- 6217. Bourgade la Dardye, Emmanuel de. Le

plements and corrects Box. Political conditions in Paraguay. Paris, 1889. 460 p. illus., map. Paraguay are skillfully portrayed. Probably the best of the nineteenth-century surveys of 6210. Decoud, Héctor F. Los emigrados en postwar conditions, except for the English consular

. p. ulus. copied.

la guerra de la Triple Alianza. B.A., §\Cwicin Gondon, TSA) Tie map wae widsh

One of few works on the Paraguayan exiles, this vol- . . .

ume contains documents relative to the Asociacion 6218. Fischer-Treuenfeld, Rlichard FriedParaguaya and the Paraguayan Legion but is disap- erich Eberhard]. Paraguay in Wort und

pointing in details. Bild. Eine Studie iiber den wirtschaftlich6Z11. Kolinski, Charles J. The death of en Fortschritt des Landes. Berlin, 1906. Francisco Solano Lopez. TH. v. 26, 379 p. illus., map. Nov., 1963: 75-91. A reliable source of information for immigrants on his-

PARAGUAY: 1870- 577 tory, geography, politics, people, industry, finance, Primer Censo Industrial del Paraguay, i naee cleat and communication; an enlargement of 1955. Paraguay, primer censo industrial.

the 1903 edition. Asuncion, 1958. 221 p.

. ° lanatory text.

6219. Gonzalez, Juan N., and Pablo M._ This first industrial census, directed by Dr. Raul Ynsfran. El Paraguay contemporaneo. Mendoza, includes data for 1956-1957; very little ex-

Paris, 1929. 203 p. illus., map. P y

Most of the text is by the principal authors who survey 6227. Paraguay. Congreso, 1906-1907. La

geography, history, culture, and other topics. cuestién ferrocarrilera en el congreso 6220. Lopez Decoud, Arsenio, ed. Album nacional. Asuncion, 1907. 682 p. grafico de la Republica del Paraguay. These debates in Congress constitute the most B.A., 1911. 544 p. illus. thorough examination into the affairs of the Paraguay An elaborately illustrated centennial publication; the Central Railway.

toria de la guerra de la Triple Alianza w . ee : history of the conflict by a Paraguayan. y Colonias. Compilacion de leyes y de text is by notable Pavaguayans. Juan E. oY c ioe 6228. Paraguay. Departamento de Tierras

oo, . cretos. Carlos A. Rolon, comp. Asun-

6221. Mangels, H[ einrich]. Wirtschaftliche, cién, 1939. 325 p.

naturgeschichtliche und klimatologische Carlos A. Pastore, then president of the department, Abhandlungen. aus Paraguay. Munich, ordered this valuable collection of laws and decrees

1904. 364 p. illus. relating to forests, colonies, immigration, and yerbales.

The German consul in Asuncion made a careful sur- 6229, Paraguay. Laws, statutes, etc. Leyes y vey of the country, emphasizing matters of interest to decretos relativos a las municipalidades:

immigrants and merchants. —_ f ordenanzas de la municipalidad de la

6222. Schuster, Adolf N. Paraguay: Land, — Asuncidn constituida por la H.J.M. de la Volk, Geschichte, Wirtschaftsleben, und capital. Asuncion, 1928. 663 p. Kolonisation. Stuttgart, 1929. 667 p. The only significant compilation of laws relating to illus., maps. municipalities.

An Indispensable general survey O° geography, his’ 6230. La revolucién del 17 de febrero, 1936.

coloaivation’ * aera Asuncion, 1941. 476 p. : An official compilation of decrees, this volume is inb. Sources valuable for the intentions of the Febreristas.

) 6231. Stroessner, Alfredo. Mensajes y dis-

6223. Ayala, Eusebio. Patria y libertad. — cursos. Asunci6n, 1955-. illus.

Seleccion de discursos, articulos y docu- Nine volumes are in this series through 1964; usually

mentos. B.A., 1952. 401 p. illus. annual, v. 8 and 9 for 1961-1963 are bound together. A valuable collection of speeches, messages, and other There is no similar series for other presidents.

papers for the years 939-1930,” with emphasis on 6232, Vansittart, Arthur G. Paraguay. Re-

yala'sP *e port ... on the commerce, finance, &c.

6224. Decoud, Héctor F. Sobre los escom- of Paraguay. Accounts and Papers, Lonbros de la guerra: una década de vida na- don. v. 61. 1883: 77-154.

cional, 1865-1880. Asuncion, 1925. 426 The author was second secretary in the British Lega-

p. illus. tion in Buenos Aires; he visited Paraguay in 1882 and

Only one volume of an intended series appeared; while | Submitted a long report on economic conditions, based

poorly organized, this collection of documents, news- _!argely on personal observations arid interviews; an paper extracts, and memoirs is important for the post- ¢XCellent source. war period.

6225. Paraguay. Asesoria Técnica Aduanera. c. Government and Politics Estadisticas del comercio deimportaciOn 6233. Arbo, Higinio. Politica paraguaya. de la republica del Paraguay durante los B.A., 1947. 64 p. anos especificados entre 1926 y 1940. In this essay the author, an exiled Liberal, gives an

Harold Dean Cresham, comp. Washing- excellent summary of political parties. Especially good

ton, 1942. 4 v. on Liberals and Febreristas, weak on the Commu-

These statistics were compiled to serve as a basis for nists; closes with a severe indictment of Morinigo.

advising Paraguay on customs regulations and tariff 6234, Artaza, Policarpo. Ayala, Estigarribia

yes ars Covered are 1926, 1929-1931, andy el partido liberal. 2. ed. B.A., 1946. 255 p.

6226. Paraguay. Comision Nacional del This compilation of memoirs by a Liberal editor,

578 SINCE INDEPENDENCE though somewhat polemical, is valuable as an apologia d. Economy and Society

for Liberal policies and for the Febrerista coup.

6235. Cardozo, Efraim. 23 de octubre: una Oo. Bae pena, ase sena histopagina de historia contemporanea del1939. VeTsICad nacional. Asuncion, 189 p. illus., bibl.

Paraguay. B.A., 1956. 389 p. rae f ,

On October 23. 1931.t fired tudent k Although the title is misleading, this hasty survey is PN UCtObder 2), op TOops tired upon students seek- Valuable for the history of education. ing to petition President Guggiari for stronger Chaco

defense. Cardozo traces political history from 1903 6244. Carrasco, Gabriel [i.e., José Gabriel]. with sharp characterizations of notable figures; indis- La poblacién del Paraguay antes y des-

pensable for de political 3 26 p. - - pués la guerra.history. Asuncion, ;1905.

6236. Decoud, Hector F. La convencion na- This ingenious study seeks to reconcile conflicting cional constituyente y la carta magna de population figures; estimates the population in 1865 at

.The°index ° *is excellent. bed 5‘ bd b] la republica. B.A., 1934. 406 p. illus. probably less than 640,000.

This is the major work on early constitutions, debates 6245, Elliott. Arthur E Paraguay, its culin the 1870 convention, and the Constitution of 1870. tural heritage, social conditions, and edu-

, cational problems. N.Y., 1931. 210 p.

6237. Duarte synees acon F ungamen’os bibl. (Teachers College, Columbia Unidoctrinarios del coloradismo. Asuncion, versity. Contributions to education 473).

1959. 214 p. - While six chapters consider social and economic

An attempt to provide a philosophy for the Colorado problems, most of this dissertation concerns educa-

and democracy. ,

party, with chapters on its role in humanism, national- tion; material is poorly digested; extensive quotations

ism, traditionalism, progressivism, ethical idealism, ‘rom sources.

chez. Luis A. R eal P 6246. Gonzalez, Juan N. Geografia del Para-

6238. Sanchez, Luis A. Reportaje al Para- = guay. México, 1964. 816 p. illus., maps.

guay: el Paraguay que yo he visto. Asun- 4 mine of information by an exiled Colorado and forcion, 1949. 124 p. (Biblioteca paraguaya). mer president, this geography embraces physical feaAn Aprista exile, the author records perceptive ob- tures, sociological observations, climate, flora, fauna, servations on Paraguayan politics and leaders in the _ trade, agriculture, and manufacturing.

1940's. 6247. Gonzalez, Teodosio. Infortunios del

6239. Soler, Juan J. Hacia la uni6n nacional: Paraguay. B.A., 1931.577 p.

40 anos de vida publica. B.A., 1943. A critical analysis by a keen observer who describes

299 p ° shortcomings in government, law, education, social

A Liberal politician, diplomat, educator, and editor services, and other areas.

illustrates his memoirs with numerous quotations from 6248. Schurz, William L. Paraguay: a com-

SOUrces. mercial handbook. Washington, 1920.

6240. Stefanich, Juan. El estado solidarista: 195 p. map, illus. (U.S. Dept. Commerce.

estructura y funciones del estado en el Special Agents Series 199). -

nuevo sistema continental americano. 2 ,jiable; good illustrations and an excellent map.

B.A., 1955. 243 p. illus., bibl. | * B00 :

A refinement of previous works, a synthesis of his 6249. Service, Elman R., and Helen S. Serideas on the solidarist state. Establishes the author as vice. Tobati, Paraguayan town. Chicago,

Paraguay’s foremost political philosopher. [1954]. 337 p. illus., maps, bibl.

. - . An intensive sociological study of one town from

6241. Stefanich, Juan. La restauracion his- which the authors conclude that few Guarani traits, torica del Paraguay; la diplomacia de la _ other than language, survive in Paraguay.

revolucion; el Paraguay en 1936; renova- 6259, Triffin, Robert. Monetary and bank-

cion y liberacion: la obra del gobierno de ing reform in Paraguay. Washington

Febrero. B.A., 1945-1946. 4 v. 1946. 170 ‘ The philosopher of Febrerismo justifies the Franco ret P. resime. glorifies Francisco Solano Lopez. and de- This is the best survey of Paraguay’s financial struc“> , he oals. achievements. and Ae of Febre. ture, a study unique in its field. Translations of money mo. 8 , and banking laws in appendix.

6242. Warren, Harris G. Political aspects of e. Immigration and Colonies

the Paraguayan revolution, 1936-1940. . ;

HAHR Vv. 30, Feb., 1950: 2-25. 6251. pret Joseph ve mumgrant

An analysis of political forces from Febrerismo to group sett ements a araguay. a study

Morinigo. in the sociology of immigration. North

URUGUAY $79 Newton, Kansas, [1962]. 194 p. illus., In the absence of a judicious biography of Morinigo,

maps, bibl. this uncritical encomium serves as a review of the

: a illus.

Author is the principal authority on Mennonite col- dictator's career after the Chaco War.

onization; this is the only study of Paraguay’s agricul- 6257, Benitez, Justo P. Estigarribia, el sol-

ho. colonies as a whole and displays sound scholar- dado del Chaco. B.A., [1943]. 234 p. 6252. Fretz, Joseph Winfield. Pilgrims in Though laudatory, this biography is valuable for its Paraguay: the story of Mennonite col- review of the Chaco War in postwar developments to

onization in South America. Scottdale, 1940.

Pa., 1953. 247 p. illus., maps, bibl. 6258. Pérez, José A. Cecilio Baez, su ac-

The most thorough account in English, based on ex- tuacion politica dentro y fuera del pais. tensive research and field studies, this volume also Asuncion. 1907. 103 p

describes colonies in Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay. In this series of short sketches, haphazardly selected,

6253. Livermore, Harold V. New Australia. there is material for a biography of a notable Para-

HAHR. v. 30, Aug., 1950: 290-313. guayan.

A well-researched study that describes the origins and 6259, Riquelme Garcia, Benigno. Cumbre en

failure of this socialistic experiment. soledad, vida de Manuel Gondra. B.A., 6254. Smith, Willard H., and Verna G. 1951. 180 p. Smith. Paraguayan interlude. Scottdale, Although uncritical, this is the best biography of

Pa., 1950. 184 p. illus., maps. Gondra; emphasizes his political philosophy.

nonite colonies. °

The principal author was Paraguayan director of the

Mennonite Central Committee, 1944-1945: his ob- g. Chaco War

servations are invaluable for the history of the Men- (See also Part VII. A)

. ; . 6260. Fernandez, Carlos José. La guerra del

6255. Warren, Harris G. The Lincolnshire Chaco. B.A.. 1955-1967. 4 v., illus., farmers in Paraguay: an abortive immi- maps gration scheme of 1872-1873. TA. v. 21, Though it is mainly concerned with military move-

Jan., 1965: 243-262. ments, this is the best Paraguayan history of the war

Based on research in the Public Record Office, this is | and features a chapter on the role of women in the an account of the first major postwar effort to establish war; long quotations from sources; extensive docu-

an agricultural colony. mentary annexes.

f, Biographies 6261. Rios, Angel F. La defensa del Chaco:

verdades y mentiras de una victoria.

6256. Bellani Nazeri, Morinigo, un, B-A-» [1950].of 450p. bibl. | ra . , ARodolfo. documentary appendix and analysis Paraguay’s

hombre de America. Santiago de Chile, Weaknesses add value to this defense of Liberal poli-

1946. 292 p. illus. cies by a veteran of the medical corps.

O. Uruguay MILTON I. VANGER

Uruguayan historians have not considered national history their major interest. The need to justify Uruguay’s existence required historians to write on independence, more particularly the phase that was clearly Uruguayan, the Artigas era, 1810-1820. The fact that the traditional parties, Blanco and Colorado, sprang up almost with independence meant that practically everything after 1830 was polemical and this reinforced the reluctance of historians to confront the major issues of their national past. The result is that neither Rivera nor Oribe yet has an adequate

S580 SINCE INDEPENDENCE biography, there is no history of the Guerra Grande, and thereafter gaps are enormous. Party tracts and biographies honoring or defending fathers and grandfathers make up much of what has been written. The one area of national history that serious historians have worked is diplomatic history, where internal politics has been less intrusive, though by no means absent. These strictures are becoming less true. The right of Uruguay to be a nation is no longer being challenged by its neighbors; party spirit is weakening. The present generation of historians is much more professional. Already in the 1940’s Pivel Devoto demonstrated in Historia de los partidos politicos en el Uruguay, 181 11897 (6273) that it was possible to write scholarly political history and still retain an interpretative viewpoint. Arturo Ardao’s work in the history of ideas (6322, 6323), close to the sources and closely reasoned, was another indication of increasing professionalization. The contemporary difficulties in Uruguay are pro-

voking concern for understanding what went wrong. The present generation, which in part resembles the Spanish one of 1898 and in other ways the school of Charles Beard during the Great Depression in the United States, is beginning to produce economic and social history and short, sweeping essays; the broadest effect of contemporary historical writing is to open the nation’s past to inquiry. There are three major public manuscript collections, the Archivo General de la Nacion containing judicial, ministerial, and personal archives, the Museo His-

torico Nacional, which has built a remarkable collection, and the Biblioteca Nacional, largely in literary and prenational history. The Archivo General began

publishing a series of catalogs in 1965. The Museo Histoérico Nacional published its catalog in 1958, and Arturo Scarone published a description of the manuscripts in the Biblioteca Nacional. Many documents remain in private hands. Easily available and largely unused are the legislative debates (6280), which,

contrary to assumptions about Latin American legislatures, are full of interest; committee reports, in particular, yield information on almost every question. The statistical annuals dating from 1884, are similarly available and neglected. Because this is the first annotated bibliography on Uruguayan national history

to be published and because of space limitations, I have decided to eliminate works that treat Uruguay incidentally or in the context of the Rio de la Plata; for these, readers will have to consult other sections of this guide. Travelers’ accounts are minimally represented here; however, Arredondo (1087) lists 186 travelers up to 1912, and Real de Azita’s analysis (6267) contains a bibliography of fifty. Similarly, for novels with historical interest, the reader will have to consult Zum Felde (1102). Evocations of figures of the past with excerpts from their writings can be found in Revista Nacional. One hundred volumes — a major achievement —

have already been published in Biblioteca Artigas: Coleccién de clasicos uruguayos, of which I have been able to cite only a small part.

1. Bibliographies and Guides 625-630 deal specifically with Uruguay, chiefly with

6262. Barager, Joseph R. The historiography Pym ‘oss of Uruguayan historians of the of the Rio de la Plata area since 1830.

HAHR. v. 39, Nov., 1959: 588-642. 6263. Clagett, Helen L. A guide to the law

In addition to references elsewhere in the article, p. and legal literature of Uruguay. Washing-

URUGUAY 58] ton, 1947. 123 p. (U.S. Library of Con- trait of a democracy. N.Y., 1954. 301 p.

gress. Latin American Series 26). illus., map, bibl.

A careful bibliographic essay on Uruguayan civil, A friendly general introduction to Uruguay, with seccriminal, constitutional, administrative, labor, and tions on history, politics, tourism, economics, educainternational law and the history and philosophy of _ tion, and the arts. The book reflects the country’s eu-

law. phoria, soon to be punctured by the post-Korean

6264, Estratificacién y movilidad social en V2" Sis:

el Uruguay. Fuentes bibliograficas 1880-— 6270. Montero Bustamante, Raul. Estampas:

1958. Rio, 1959. 60 p. (Centro Latino- Fructuoso Rivera, Melchor Pacheco y Americano de Pesquisas de Ciencias Obes, Juan Carlos Gémez, Julio Herrera

Sociais. Publicagao 5). y Obes. Montevideo, 1942. 188 p.

More than three hundred titles, mostly historical, Four character sketches, which go from independence from which data on social stratification and mobility | t© 1912; Montero Bustamante sees each romantically, can be extracted. The bibliography is also useful for 48 a different form of caudillo and then fallen hero.

general history. 6271. Paris de Oddone, M. Blanca, Roque 6265. Oddone, Juan A. La historiografia Faraone, and Juan A. Oddone. Cronolo-

uruguaya en el siglo xix. RHCA. gia comparada de la historia del Uruguay,

27 época, feb., 1959: 3-37. 1830-1945. Montevideo, 1966. 189 p.

A pioneer study that uses for Uruguay the division A chronology of important happenings in Uruguayan into “‘filosofante’’ and ‘“‘erudito’’ schools made by history. Developments, year by year, are listed in Carbia for nineteenth-century Argentine history. The three conjoining columns (1) Politica y Administrainfluence of their Argentine colleagues and the over- _—cidn, (2) Técnica, Economia y Sociedad, and (3) Culriding preoccupation of Uruguayan historians to es- _— tura. For comparison, each column is subdivided to tablish “los origenes nacionales” are made evident. _ list happenings elsewhere in the world.

historian Bauza is seen as the first really complete 979. Pintos, Francisco R. Historia del Uru-

. . ; a guay 1851-1938, ensayo de interpreta-

6266. Praderio, Antonio. Indice cronolégico cién materialista. Montevideo, 1946. de la prensa periddica del Uruguay 1807- 204 p

1852. Montevideo, 1962. 126 p. (Insti- Though it is not based on thorough research, and tuto de Investigaciones Historicas). though it reflects Communist positions of the World

A very careful bibliography of all newspapers pub- War II period, this history by developing an economiclished in Uruguay up to 1852, based on Zinny, His- __ social interpretation of Uruguay provides a point of toria de la prensa periddica de la Republica Oriental departure for refutation.

del Uruguay (1883); locates all collections known to . . .

compiler. Praderio explains, “fué preocupacion fun- 6273. Pivel Devoto, Juan E. Historia de los damental al realizarlo, determinar el aspecto exterior partidos politicos en el Uruguay 1811de los periddicos: imprenta, direccion, periodicidad, 1897. Montevideo, 1942-1943. 2 v. caracteristicas, medidas, redactores y ubicacion.” A landmark in Uruguayan historiography; scholarly 6267. Real de Azia, Carlos. Viajeros y ob- political history, which combines attention to both

d a °extranjeros del U political parties with the an development interpretative viewpoint. The servadores de ruguay. work traces of Colorados and Blan-

J uicios e impresiones (1889-1964). Mon- __ cos from loose groups to organized parties, the evolutevideo, 1965. 29 p. mimeo. (Facultad de __ tion of the competing concepts of one party governHumanidades y Ciencias. Historia de la ment and coparticipation, and enactment of electoral

Cultura. Estudj y fjmonogra 93), legislation. as for cohestu 10S ICOS ). sivePivel forcessees and the has traditional considerableparties sympathy the

Interpretation and succinct exposition of the views of — caudillos.

some fifty, largely European, travelers. The bibliog- ,

raphy includes Saint Fox, Rahola, Anatole France, 6274. Pivel Devoto, Juan E. Uruguay IndeCqgmenceau, Bryce, Vasconcellos, Waldo Frank, and pendiente. Barcelona, 1949. 227 p. maps,

mes. a bibl. (Historia de América y de los

6268. Rela, Walter. Contribucion a la bi- pueblos americanos 21).

bliografia de la literatura uruguaya 1835— _ This shortened and revised version of his Historia de

1962. Montevideo, 1963. 76 p. la Republica Oriental del Uruguay covers Uruguay,

Covers bibliographies, histories of literature, literary 5 11942. noe Oibeograpnies at the ene ihe ch

biographies, essays, criticism, and anthologies. The chapter are the Closest equivalent to a select Dibhog-

section on criticism is especially useful. raphy on Uruguayan history yet published.

6275. Pivel Devoto, Juan E., and Alcira

2. General Ranieri de Pivel Devoto. Historia de la

i, Republica Oriental del Uruguay 1830-

6269. Fitzgibbon, Russell H. Uruguay: por- 1930. Montevideo, 1945. 571 p. bibl.

582 SINCE INDEPENDENCE The documented modern history with thoughtful his- bibliography.

torical judgments; carefully organized with student ° 2 readers in mind. The period 1897-1930 is covered in 6252. Uruguay. Treaties, etc. Coleccion de the last thirty-six pages. tratados, smrerciales Mt y svide dos 947.

6276. Ramirez, Juan A. Sinopsis de la evolu- 1948.2 v. illus., maps ontevideo,

cion institucional. Montevideo, 1949. V. 1 contains commercial treaties in effect when col-

125 p. lection was published; v. 2 prints earlier treaties. timistic and partisan appraisal concentrates on consti- . i tutional and electoral history, 1830-1930. 6283. Uruguay. Treaties, etc. Coleccion de Originally published on the centenary ofindependence There is a useful 74-page historical introduction by in 1930 by a leading intellectual politician, this op- — Arjosto D. Gonzalez, followed by trade statistics.

tratados, convenciones, y otros pactos

3. Government internacionales de la Republica Oriental delconUruguay Monte6277. Blanco Acevedo, Pablo. Estudios us y(1830-1913). | vucionales. M ‘d 1939. video,are 1922-1928. 5 v. stituciona eS. ontevi Ico, ~7 P- 209 The treaties presented chronologically; the short

- ’ l d for this collection. of 1830 and 1917. 4. Economy

snalysce Unuctasan constitutional colitical orobleme introduction indicates the effort required to assemble Uruguayan Constitutions of 1830, 1917, and 1934; carly government documents for this collection and the right of interpellation under the constitutions

6278. Fabregat, Julio T. Los partidos poli- 6284. Acevedo Diaz, Eduardo. Notas y ticos en la legislacion uruguaya. Monte- apuntes. Contribucién al estudio de la

video, 1949. 170 p. . . . historia econémica y financiera de la

from 1893, with ‘‘a mirada retrospectiva.”’ . "

A summary of legislation governing political parties Repiblica Oriental del Uruguay. Montevideo, 1903. 2 v. 6279. Oddone, Juan A. Poder ejecutivo, Economic information, arranged chronologically from poder legislativo, 1830-1951: tablas 1830 to 1899; v. 1 deals with public finances, v. 2 with cronoldgicas. Montevideo, 1955. 179 p. foreign trade, economic crises, tax, banking and rail: dede| :nvestigaciones . Histori road legislation. Although Acevedo (Instituto HStoricas. thesis, the theme throughout waseschewed the disastroussynecoManuales, auxiliares para la investiga- nomic cost of Uruguay’s political chaos.

ists presi ; Soyer 2

bj cion historica). head of government, cabinet 6285. Alvarez Vignoli, Juan A. Evolucién ministers and officers of the Senate and Chamber historica de la ganaderia en el Uruguay;

from 1830-1951. tesis presentada . . . para obtener el 6280. Uruguay. Asamblea General. Diario trio nf 7 i170 o agronomo. Montede sesiones de la h. Asamblea General Video, ‘ P. __, de | del€Uruguay. A very useful history of cattle ranching Uruguay, e€la la Republi RepublicaOn Orienta from the beginning to the early twentiethin century, with t. 1-14, 1830-1950. Montevideo, 1886- special emphasis on the shift to modern ranching.

195 0. 25 v. , 6286. Arredondo, Horacio. El transporte a

The minutes of both houses of the Uruguayan legisla- sanere en el tisuo Montevid ture and of joint sessions have been published at vari- Bre e _ antiguo on evideo y su ous times in a variety of editions. The above entry is extension al interior. Montevideo, 1959. listed as a sample. In addition, see the indexes. Since 245 p. illus., bibl.

1910 the Diarios de sesiones of both houses have been _Horses, oxen, wagons, coaches, and trolleys from the

published in Uruguay, Asamblea General. Diario foundation of Montevideo through the late nineteenth

oficial, 1910-. [C.C.G. ] century, plus a 113-page appendix of illustrations. Re6281. Uruguay. Constitution. Las constitu- Prose) from Anales histoéricos de Montevideo, t. 2

ciones del Uruguay: exposicion, critica y

textos. Recopilacién y estudio de Héctor $287. Artagaveytia, Ricardo. Valores coti-

Gros Espiell. Madrid, 1956. xxxix, 462 zados en la Bolsa de Comercio 1875p. bibl. (Las Constituciones hispano- 1920. Montevideo, 1942. 310 p.

americanas 8). A valuable compilation of prices on the Montevideo

The most concise and easily usable documentation of | °X°hange of government bonds, private bonds, and Uruguay’s constitutional history. The documents are stocks.

me Peace Convention 1828 and1942, the constitutions 6288. Banco la Republica Oriental of 1830, 1917,of1934, and 1952. Thede121-page oh . del introduction combines constitutional history and in- Uruguay. Banco de la Republica Oriental terpretation; the footnotes are a particularly useful del Uruguay 1896—24 de Agosto—1917.

URUGUAY 583 Montevideo, 1918. 384 p. illus. research on the alienation of Uruguayan public lands

History, description, and statistics of the operations 2nd concluded that it was a dismaying process.

of the government bank of the Reputtic in its first 6296. Martinez. Martin C. La renta terzi-

twenty-one years. There are also chapters on predeLM a d 191 8-ael 977Pp. cessors, coinage, and banknote emission. torial.*,Montevideo,

; oo, Written by a conservative economist to demonstrate

6289. Barran, José P., and Benjamin Nahum. _ that taxes designed to combat latifundios were unnecHistoria del Uruguay rural moderno— _ essary and harmful, this study brings together statis-

1967. 2 v. bibl. a ,

primera parte, 1851-1885. Montevideo, tes eT ds on landholdings, land values, and An important work, one volume of text and one of 6297. Martinez Lamas, Julio. ~A donde documents. A second part on 1886-1913 is an- vamos? Montevideo, 1937. 148 p.

nounced. Observing the effects of the Great Depression (his . ° . Statistics go to 1936), Martinez Lamas restated, with

6290. Centr o de Estudiantes de Ciencias greater hostility to state spending, Montevideo’s in-

Econonnras y Adninistracton, ome_ the dustrialization, the activities of foreign capital, video. an nacional de desarrollo ecoviews he first and advanced in La riqueza y pobreza del

némico y social elaborado Uruguay. His solution, . . 1965-1974, . social evils of the interior, remaiwith LaSE eeaet owory

por la CIDE; Compendio. Montevideo, mejor rendimiento del trabajo de la tierra.”’ By the

1966. 2 V. 1960’s this solution, though not necessarily in Marti-

A condensation of the massive ten-year plan prepared —_nez Lamas’s physiocratic terms, had become generally

by CIDE. A companion document and successor to accepted.

CIDE’s econdmica del Uruguay. ,.. . , Estructura 6298. Martinez Lamas, Julio. Riqueza y

6291. oe rear na conversion y aa pobreza del Uruguay. Estudio de las FO> rs “100 el credito. ontevideo, causas que retardan el progreso nacional.

Pp. 2. ed. Montevideo, 1946. 369 p.

The monetary and economic eects OF World Died I oF irst published in 1930, this work quickly became a most of this period. was minister of Hnance Guring = classic. Martinez Lamas demonstrated errors in official statistics and argued that Uruguay’s fundamental

. ae : at absorbed and waste e wealth created in the

6292. Cosio, Pedro. Economia y hacienda: provien was that Montevideo was “the suction pump"

studios y critica. Montevideo, 1926. interior. For the country really to progress, rural pro-

p. duction must be increased by reducing rural taxes and nance, reprinted here articles on a variety of economic , , issues of the early 1920’s. The most ambitious article, 6299. Martinez Montero, Homero B. El P10 Cosio, economist and several times minister of fi- by colonization.

“Economia y Finanzas del Uruguay—1825-1925,” Uruguay: geografia, historia y geopolitica

concludes: “No puede pretenderse el Progreso en de sus aguas y sus islas. Montevideo,

Proporciones mas relevantes y en condiciones mas 1957. 926 p. illus., maps.

: — Examines Uruguay’s jurisdictional rights to the Rio

6293. Hanson, Simon G. Utopia in Uruguay: Uruguay in preparation for negotiations with Argenchapters in the economic history of Uru- una. Anive. appendix of 473 pages; the study is exhaus-

guay. N.Y., 1938. 262 p. A pioneer study that, after sketching the Uruguayan 6300. Ministerio de Ganaderfa y Agriculeconomy and ne economic views of Batlle J Ordonez, tura. Comisién Honoraria del Plan de prises, Uruguay’s social legislation, the role of for- Desarrollo Agropecuar 10 y Centro Latinoeign capital, and the cost of government. Hanson’s americano de Economia Humana. Situaconclusions were generally favorable, and his succinct ci0n economica y social del Uruguay treatment of the then successful state enterprises is rural. Montevideo, 1963. 520 p.

goes on nalyze the workings of state-owne r- . .

IMPTessive. This massive study of rural Uruguay, part of the de-

6294. Irureta Goyena, José. Discursos del veropment economics of the pote is an enormously Dr. José Irureta Goyena. Homenaje a Y#UaPle Source on Viruguay ot that era.

su memoria. Montevideo, 1948. 433 p. 6301. Morato, Octavio. Surgimientos y de-

Irureta Goyena was the leading spokesman for rural presiones economicos en el Uruguay 4 interests; the section “Discursos rurales” reprints través de la historia. Montevideo, 1938.

speeches from 1909 to 1941. 59 p

6295. Marquez A., Alberto. Bosquejo de An extremely useful, albeit pre-Keynesian explananuestra propiedad territorial. 2. ed. tory narration of depressions and prosperity in nine-

Montevideo, 1904. 447 p. teenth- and twentieth-century Uruguay.

A law thesis that, though not exhaustive, represented 6302. Odicini Lezama, Antonio. Monografia

584 SINCE INDEPENDENCE

pendix. oe . sobre el régimen monetario de la Repu-

blica Oriental del Uruguay, 1829-1955. of Uruguayan industrialization is aimed at nonecon-

Montevideo, 1958. 235 p. illus., bibl. omist Opinion makers.

A history of coinage and types of emission, with illus- .

trations of coins. There is a substantial, 49-page ap- 5. Society

6303. Ordo Domi p . 6309. Bernardez, Manuel Narraciones. - Ordonana, Domingo. Fensamientos Montevideo, 1955.P.165 p. (Biblioteca rurales sobre necesidades sociales y eco- Artigas. Coleccién de clasicos uruguayos

nomicos de la Republica. Montevideo, 17)

1892. 2 Vv. Includes 25 dias de campo, a journal of a trip through the secretary of the Asociacién Rural, which repre- , A collection of articles, letters to newspapers, etc., by the Uruguayan interior in 1886.

sent what was then progressive agrarian thinking, 6310. Grompone, Antonio M. Las clases

1870-1889. medias en el Uruguay. Montevideo,

6304. Quijano, Carlos. La reforma 1903.43first P. material first published in the Pan P ; newagraria editiAerial published in the E on el Uruguay. Montevideo, 196 3.1 17 P- American Union’s, Materiales para el estudio de la

7 conomist and anti-imperialist” Quijano’s solution IS clase media en la América Latina (1950). After a rapid

expropiar, sin pausa y con prisa, para repartir entre = crvey of available statistics, Grompone concludes

los que sean capaces de trabajar y producir las tierras that the middle class predominates in Uruguay. cuyas riquezas se pierden.”’ Originally published as

articles in Quijano’s influential weekly Marcha. 6311. Murray, J. H. Travels in Uruguay,

6305. Uruguay. Comisién de Inversién y South America; together with an account Desarrollo Econémico. Estructura eco- of the present state of sheep-farming and

némica del Uruguay; evolucién y per- emigration to that country. London, spectivas. Banco de la, Republica Ori- M 1871. 234 Pp.arrived Colon; ved 1868 urray, chaplain in Colonia, in ,inwas in

ental del ran euay. eS letin Mensual. nos. Montevideo during Flores’s assassination and spent

247-250, ju -—Ocl., 63. most of his time in the interior. The book, one of the

Anyone seriously interested in contemporary Uruguay few travelers’ accounts whose major interest is should read this epoch-making report on what went Uruguay, was written to encourage English emigra-

wrong with the Uruguayan economy after World War _ tion.

Il and preliminary to restore growth. i. * P 6312.proposals Oddone, Juan A. Laeconomic formacion- del we, . Uruguay moderno; la inmigracién y el 6506. Uruguay - Ministerio de Industrias y desarrollo econoémico-social. B.A., 1966. Trabajo. El salario real (1914-1926). 106 p. bibl , Montevideo, 1927. 69 Pp. . A useful, short, 64-page survey of immigration data

This first attempt to plot real wages in Uruguay con- from 1820 to 1930 followed by documentary excerpts, cluded that they fell by 22 per cent during World War mostly from diplomats, on the immigration situation I and rose between 30 and 41 per cent from 1914 to quring those years.

1926, but that in 1926 close to one-third of the urban ;

workers in privately owned business and industry did 6313. Pereda Valdés, Ildefonso. El] Negro en

not earn a subsistence wage. el Uruguay: pasado y presente. Monte6307. Visca, Carlos. Aspectos econédmicos _ Video, 1965. 300 p. illus., maps, bibl. de la época de Reus. RHca. segunda sieanings from Pereda Valdes S long interest in Uru

, 1. 1959: guay’s Negroes; there ison a section on slavery in the epoca, no.39-55 ? ° colony, a tain section abolition and Negroes

A useful description of the speculative boom and bust through the Guerra Grande, forty-five pages on Negro of 1887-1890; the explanation of its causes could go fojklore, twenty-four pages on the present situation of

further. the Negro, which while not really careful research de-

molishes comforting Uruguayan myths, and seventy-

6308. Wonsewer, Israel, et al. Aspectos de five documents 1751-1859. Reprinted from RIHGU,

la industrializacion en el Uruguay. ¢.25, 1965.

Montevideo. 195 9. 23 0 p. Instituto de 6314. Pintos, Francisco R. Historia del movieoria y Politica Econémicas. Facultad miento obrero del Urusuay. Montevideo

de Ciencias Econémicas y de Adminis- 1960, 415 p guay. ,

tracion). ae , , ; Less effective than his earlier studies, this book is as

In response to a legislative project for industrial de- yych an intra-Communist polemic on the Uruguayan centralization, four of Uruguay's leading economists — ,arty’s history as it is a history of the country’s labor

presented documented expositions on industrial de- movement

velopment, structure, problems, and the possibilities , ;

of industrial decentralization. This important synthesis 6315. Rama, Carlos M. Las clases sociales

URUGUAY S85 en el Uruguay. Montevideo, 1960. 304 6322. Ardao, Arturo. La filosofia en el Uru-

p. maps. guay en el siglo xx. México, 1956. 193

Using available statistics and field work, and adapting p. bibl. (Historia de las ideas en Amésociological models developed in the United States rica 1).

and previously applied in Brazil and Argentina, this he third of Ardao’s studies in the history of Uru-

study describes Uruguayan class structure. guayan philosophy, this volume on’ postpositivist 6316. Rama, Carlos M. Sociologia dei Uru- academic philosophy completes the series. Ardao

uav. B.A.. 1965. 11] groups Uruguay’s principal philosophers into five A suay. Or ° h Pp. ves R ; philosophical currents, explores each current, and

aicty publish t work. The e are chapt, ama S ban analyzes each man’s work. Rod6 and Vaz Ferreira get and rural society, social classes and change, political cal importante to the writings of Pedro Figari, the ViOUsty publshed Work. i here are chapters On Urban the most attention but Ardao also accords philosophi-

and economic sociology. painter. ,

Oot: eee Aloo paaidtos, sore age” 6323. Ardao, Arturo. Racionalismo y libe-

1965. 2v Buaya. , ralismo en el Uruguay. Montevideo,

Fifteen articles that are an excellent introduction to yt 702: 298 P. F religi liberal aU contemporary Uniguay; the articles on classes and 7h deyelonment of religious liberalism in Uruguay

ing’ population, and on political partiesboth andforsocial .;; classes stand out fore 1850. This study is notable the attention " given to the church side of the question and the care social change, on the imp lications of Uruguay's “ag European rationalism and the church in Uruguay be-

6318. Solari, Aldo E. Sociologia rural na- with which the evolution of Uruguayan rationalism cional. 2. ed. Montevideo, 1958. 584 p. from Masonic Catholicism, to Deism, to anticlerical

bibl. liberalism is described.

An informed view of rural Uruguay. The chapterson 6324. Argul, José P. Pintura y escultura del

land tenure and rural social classes are of general Uruguay: historia critica. RIHGU. t. 22, interest. Solari concludes that rural stagnation is a 1958: 3-238

brake on Uruguay’s to solve its economic dif- S U " t hasizing the interop! of ficulties. urveysability Uruguayan art,European emphasizing the interplay training and Uruguayan feeling. Without neglecting less famous figures, Argul concentrates on

6. Culture the work and influence of Blanes, Herrera, Figari, Ba-

, : . rradas, and Torres Garcia; there is a section on sculp-

6319. Abella Trias, Julio C. Montevideo, la ture. A reprint of this attractive study has been pub-

i e Sa evideo, i . .

ciudad en que vivimos. Montevideo, _ lished asa book. Anannhecane city planner looks at Montevideo, its 6325. Fernandez Saldana, José M. Juan

problems, its past —especially its architectural past — Manuel . Blanes: su vida y sus cuadros.

and analyzes plans for its future. Montevideo, 1931. 257 p. illus.

. . ; The bohemian and somewhat tragic life of Uruguay’s

6320. Albarran Puente, Glicerio. El pensa- leading nineteenth-century painter. Fernandez Saldana miento de José Enrique Rodo. Madrid, also discusses Blanes’s paintings.

1953. 782 p. bibl. (Coleccion Hombrese 6326, Hudson, William H. The purple land. ideas). N.Y., 1927. 389 p.

A well-documented study of Rodo’s ideas on psy- Hudson's classic novel description of Uruguay in the chology, logic, ethics, esthetics, education, society, 1870's.

politics, and history. An appendix includes an un- |

published letter to the Spanish philosopher Unamuno. 6327. Lussich, Antonio D. Los tres gauchos

UL] orientales. Prélogo de Eneida Sansone tooo, de Martinez. Montevideo, 1964. 346 p.

6321. Ardao, Arturo. Espiritualismo y posi- — (Biblioteca Artigas. Coleccién de clasi-

tivismo en el Uruguay: filosofias uni- cos uruguayos 56).

ver Sitar 1as de la segunda mitad del siglo These gaucho political poems on the revolution of xix. México, 1950. 287 p. (Coleccién Timoteo Aparicio of 1870, first written in 1872 by a

Tierra firme 49). young Mostevidean, have been rediscovered after

One of the most important Uruguayan historical mediate stimulus na ‘Hernandez’s Martin F er “The

works, it follows chronologically Ardao’s Filosofia ; lains th hist da r val

pre-universitaria en el Uruguay. Based on careful ver itterary nalitie € poems history and analyzes

study and well written, the book traces the struggle y quannes.

between the adepts of eclectic spiritualism and posi- 6328. Montevideo. Museo Histérico Nacional.

tivism to dominate During °hh struggle, roughly 1840-1880,Uruguayan the ideology of athinking. gen- En torno al gauchothis y a lo°gauchesco. eration of later leaders was formed. RHca. t. 32, nos. 94-96: 591-623.

586 SINCE INDEPENDENCE Reprints eight articles and poems to show the shift theater, essays — of the new generation.

from ‘‘Este nombre que no sale jamas de nuestra boca , . or sino para indicar el desprecio que sentimos por los 9535. Tome, Eustaquio. El Vicariato apos-

(1895). 165.

hombres que lo llevan” (1839) to “. . . la paradoja de tolico de Don José Benito Lamas 1854que el gaucho sea moralmente mejor que nosotros” 1857. RHca. v. 13, agosto, 1941: 77-

6329. s Oddone, Juan A., and M. Blanca pamas began the post- Guerra : ‘_ reconstruction of“Apostolic churchvicar activities, including the prande firs

Paris d de one: pistoria a e la dan convent for Uruguayan nuns, and tried to have the

1963 ad , 4 ontevi dad ae eo. government halt Freemasonry. Eh: La universidad vieja, 6336. Varela, José P. La educacion del pue-

1885. 971 p. blo. Prologo Ardao. MonThis prize-winning history parallelsde M. Arturo B. Paris de . 8 noe man Oddone’s 1958 study. The first part treats the insti- tevideo, 1964. 2 v. (Biblioteca Artigas. tution’s development, the second—a model of careful Coleccion de clasicos Uruguayos 49-50). presentation—the courses taught. There are 200 Varela, the educator, disciple of Horace Mann and

pages of documents and statistics and an 18-page bib- Sarmiento, was able to put his theories into practice

liography. and changed Uruguayan education and life. Here re, *_ printed are his two classic works: La educacién del

6330. Paris de Oddone, M. Blanca. La Uni pueblo (1874) and La legislacién escolar (1876), witha versidad de Montevideo en la formacion helpful introduction by Arturo Ardao.

de nuestra conciencia liberal 1849-1885. 6337. Vaz Ferreira. Carlos. Ob H z Montevideo, 436 p. bibl. (Publila Cémare Representan tes de ia caciones de1958. la Universidad de la Jf. Re-deJ& SO (2 de ama P

air Republica Oriental del Uruguay. publica). vers; ideo, 1957-1963. 25 v. illus.,Montebibl

This important documented history of the university video, 2. £5 V. WIUS., DIDI.

from its foundation to its 1884 intervention by Gen- Vaz Ferreira, Uruguay’s most eminent thinker (1872eral Santos, centers on the dominance of liberalism, 1958), set out to philosophize on his own, not merely

religious, economic, and political, and continues the t© explain one S prnosophies. ee Louis wiz

work in the history of ideas of Arturo Ardao, under COnciudes, “Ihe collection of the major writings 0 whose direction it was undertaken dissertation. rer reira na uniform ans printed edition... . ISastoa be greetedVaz with approbation bywell historians con-

6331. Pons, Lor enzo A. Biogr afia del Ilmo. cerned with the human figures involved in shaping the

y Revmo. Senor Don Jacinto Vera y Uruguayan experience, and no less, by the philoDuran, primer obispo de Montevideo. sophical community in North America which has an

° . obligation to examine and evaluate Vaz’s attempt to

A Montevideo, 1904. 2 il Fe ulus. by the dio- fuse pragmatic and rationalist traditions’ (HAHR,

BE ee historian. eee eee ey neVera, oe. v.40, Feb., apostolic 1960: 63-69). cesian named vicar in 1859 ; .

(bishop In partibus infidelium in 1865) and the first 6338. Vazquez y Vega, Prudencio. Escritos bishop of Montevideo in 1878, had his struggles with y discursos 1875-1882. Recopilacion dis-

the state. ; ; puesta por César Batlle Pacheco y reali6332. Real de Azua, Carlos. Antologia del zada por F. Fernandez Prando. Monteensayo uruguayo contemporaneo. Mon- video, 1958. 357 p.

tevideo, 1964. 2 v. Vazquez y Vega, philosophical and moral leader of his

Valuable collection of forty-one authors, whose pro- generation, died young. Here are collected his extant duction dates from 1915 to the present, with many writings and the favorable judgments his life evoked.

selections from publications not easily available. The . ,

goal is to present the best of the contending schools of 6339. Visca, Arturo S. Antologia del cuento

Umiguayan thought and thought on Uruguay. uruguayo contemporaneo. Montevideo, 6333. Rodé, José E. Obras completas. B.A., 1962. 503 p. (Universidad de la Republi-

: ca. Letras nacionales 3).

C 1948. 1096 P ° bibl. influential essavist (1872- Twenty-three cuentistas who began to write between

ompiete writing ; yIst ; 1915 ahd 1945; only four had died when this anthology 1917) of the modernista movement whose classic d

prose and anti-North American materialism bias “@5 Prepared. strongly affected a whole generation throughout Latin

America. [LL] oo 7. 1828-1851: Independence, Blancos 6334. Rodriguez Monegal, Emir. Literatura and Colorados, the Guerra Grande uruguaya medioCarabela). siglo. Montevideo, d dthe C oo, 1966. 436 p. del (Coleccién a. independenceInd ana the Constitution

The first part, partly autobiographical, recounts the : infighting of the postwar intellectual generation to re- 6340. B lanco Acevedo, Pablo. Informe So

place their elders on the Uruguayan scene. The body bre la: echa de celebracion del centenario of the book is literary criticism—on poetry, narrative, de la independencia. 2. ed. Montevideo,

URUGUAY | S87

1940. 261 p. involved in Brazilian reannexation schemes. Written in 1922 by the leading historian of his genera- , ; . . pe tion; three chapters deal with the peace negotiations 6347. Salgado, Jose. Historia diplomatica

of 1828. de la independencia oriental. Monte-

6341. Blanco Acevedo, Pablo. La mediacion video, 1925. 504 p. ;

° ’ a d Study of negotiations from 1823 through 1828, with

de Inglaterra en la convencion de paz de documentary appendix, to demonstrate that ‘“‘la diplo-

1828. 2. ed. Montevideo, 1944. 63 p. macia...consagr6é el hecho ya impuesto por el pa-

A historian’s careful account of the negotiations that triotismo de los Orientales y por la situacién de los preceded an independent Uruguay. The documents paises en lucha.” published in Herrera, La Misién Ponsonby, were inde-

pendently used by Blanco A lecture origi- _ nally delivered before theAcevedo. IHGU, 1928. b. 1830-1851 6342. Caputi, Vicente T. Rememoraciones 6348. Acevedo, Eduardo. Eduardo Acevedo,

centenarias: gestacién y jura de la con- anos 1815-1863. Su Obra como codistituci6n de la Republica Oriental del ficador, ministro, legislador y periodista.

Uruguay. Montevideo, 1930. 218 p. illus. Montevideo, 1908. 523 p. |

An uncomplicated narration of the process of consti- . Eduardo Acevedo, who authored Uruguay’s legal

tution making, 1828-1830, plus documents. code, was one of the Blanco intellectual politicians . during the Guerra Grande, and had an important 6343. Herrera, Luis Alberto de. La Paz de though short political role after the war. His son here 1828. RIHGU. v. 13, 1937: 3-106; v. 14, publishes a variety of sources on his father’s life and

1938: 3-77; v. 15, 1939: 55-98. works. Additional documentation to La misién Ponsonby. 6349, Ferreiro. Felipe. The documents are published in v. 15 and preceded by t | » Felipe . AP amentos refe narrative and analysis in v. 13 and 14. Tentes a la gucira civil de 1836-1838.

RIHGU. t. 2, dic., 1922: 613-671; t. 3, 6344. Lavalleja, Juan A. Archivo del ge- nov., 1924: 513-558.

neral Juan A. Lavalleyja. Montevideo, A valuable set of documents exchanged between

1935-1949. 6v. Oribe, Rosas, and their governments July, 1836-

The first three volumes contain documents of 1826 December, 1837, during Rivera’s unsuccessful first thrcugh 1828 and constitute an important source on ‘evolution against Oribe — the beginning of the Blanco the struggle that led to Uruguay’s final emergenceasa 2Nd Colorado parties.

Seana eens ae avery tet 6350. Manacorda, Telmo. Fructuoso Rivera: February * 805, IDB J EOIne el perpetuo defensor de la Republica

: Oriental. Madrid, 1933. 259 p. illus.

6345. Pivel Devoto, Juan E. Las ideas CON- An easy introduction to Don Frutos, caudillo, first stitucionales del Dr. José Ellauri. Con- _ president of Uruguay, founder of the Colorado party, tribucién al estudio de las fuentes de la by an admiring versatile writer.

constitucion uruguaya de 1830. RHca. 6351. Oribe, Aquiles B. Brigadier General

v. 23. Mayo, 1955: 1-192. Don Manuel Oribe: estudio cientifico

A fifty-two page article investigates the immediate acerca de su personalidad. 2. ed. Monte-

sources for cautious the Uruguayan constitutionideas—based of 1830, ana- video. lyzes the constitutional on ee?1913.2 " " orVv : :

Benjamin Constant—of José Ellauri, secretary of the 5¢!entific here means the publication of documents comisi6n redactora, and, in passing, comments on pre- interspersed with laudatory comments. Remains an vious constitutional commentaries. The appendixes /™Portant source.

consist of constitutional drafts, articles a the abel 6352. Pivel Devoto, Juan E.. Historia guayan constitutional project compared with articles . ae de los

of other constitutions to establish provenance, 1829 pamidos y e a S ideas politicas en el newspaper discussions, and Ellauri’s 1836 proposal ruguay. t. 2. La definicion de los ban-

for constitutional revision. dos, 1829-1838. 2. ed. Montevideo,

. L ‘sion d 1956. 268 p.

6346. P ivel Devoto, J uan E. La mision de 4 volume in an announced ten-volume work that will Nicolas Herrera a Rio de Janeiro 1829- cover 1810-1933. This one is an expansion of a sec1830: contribucion al estudio nuestra his- tion of v. 1 of Historia de los partidos politicos en el

toria diplomatica. RIHGU. v. 8, 1931: U7“suay.

5-137. 6353. Pivel Devoto, Juan E. La Mision de

Nicolas Herrera, first Uruguayan diplomat accredited Francisco J. Munoz a Bolivia: contributo Brazil, succeeded in getting Brazilian and Argen- - . . . . tine approval for Uruguay’s constitution but he was c10n al estudio de nuestra historia dip lorecalled before completing a treaty on limits because matica (1831-1835). RIHGU. t. 9, 1932: of suspicions — shared by Pivel Devoto—that he was 213-298.

S88 SINCE INDEPENDENCE The attempt Uruguay to formUruguay’s a league of borniendo sirvidalos verdaderos intereses de la Patria,en propoering Brazil of that would support —states and eac su independencia, sino que, envuelto los

other’s — border claims. Brazil easily broke up this at- _ pliegues de una bandera aneccionista, é inspirado por

tempt, and Rosas used it as one of his justifications Jos mas criminales propésitos de absorcién, fué ver-

for declaring war on Bolivia. dugo de su tierra con el mismo descaro, con la misma 6354. Rainieri, Mario A. Oribe y el estado impasibilidad con que fué verdugo de la tierra argen-

nacional. Montevideo, 1960. 201 p. .

This recent short biography of Oribe, designed to

vindicate him and make him a precursor of present c. Guerra Grande, 1842-1851 plans for a Latin American Federation, is a good in-

troduction to Oribe and the controversies over him. 6360. Blanco Acevedo, Pablo. La Guerra

6355. Real de Aztia, Carlos. El patriciado Grande y el medio social de la defensa.

uruguayo. Montevideo, 1961. 154 p. RHca. v. 1, no. 1, abr., 1908: 464-477;

This important work is a composite portrait of the v. I, no. 3, sept., 1908: 744-764; v. 2, Uruguayan upper class made up from a list of 115 no. 4, enero, 1909: 269-275; v. 2, no. 5, names of persons born between 1743 and 1820, with agosto, 1909: 551-563. and 1820, There are sections on economic life, pol. AS ™Pathetic evocation of Montevideo during the tics, and the decline and fall of the patriciado. The ap- Blanco Acevedo: the sromised continuation was nox

provocative interpretations. proach is new to Uruguayan historiography; there are published ,

6356. Rivera, José Fructuoso. Correspon- 6361. Br a en iy ; Penn Mc een dencia del general Fructuoso Rivera con Montevi dec 19 3 305 ere Ontevided.

Julian de Gregorio Espinosa 1822-1834. . 1 pUSVICCO> 20>. > Pp. OI "ba Levig Advertencia de Elisa Silva Cazet. RHca schovan'y account in two sections, “La Legion

; "Francesa y el Regimiento Vasco” and ‘‘La Intervent. 30, agosto, 1960: 418-494; t. 31, feb., cién Franco-Inglesa,” written by a French priest long 1961: 386-452; t. 32, agosto, 1962: 406— resident in Uruguay. Essential reading on the Guerra

471; t. 33, dic., 1962: 281-331; t. 34, Grande. dic., 1963: 292-355; t. 35, dic., 1964: 6362. Cortés Arteaga, Mariano. Organiza-

413-529. cion defensiva de la plaza de Montevideo

An important series of confidential letters between durante la Guerra Grande. RIHGU . t. 8, Rivera and his close Argentine friend, whom he 1931: 139-255

the correspondence. Plans. ; ; oo 6357. Rivera, José Fructuoso. Correspon- 0568. ona ee Francisco 7" a el ejercito pou t,Uraguay and aso used a agent ip ATEST”Forifcations and artery, including engineering

dencia del general Fructuoso Rivera y de el Gral. Rivera durante la Guerra Gransu esposa Bernardina Fragoso de Rivera de. Memorias inéditas anotadas por el 1825-1851. Montevideo, 1939. 480 p. Dr. Carlos Travieso. Montevideo, 1957-.

illus. t. 1. 188 p. . .

Dofia Bernardina was her husband’s political adviser “* Valuable record that makes good reading. Dairault,

and handled family business during his frequent ab- S¢8eant major of Rivera, started his old soldier's acsences. The correspondence between them repays COunt at age 72. This volume covers December, 1842, reading. Published by the Archivo General de la [© March, 1845, when he accompanied Rivera into

Nacién. temporary exile.

6358. Salterain Herrera, Eduardo de. La- 6364. De Maria, Isidoro. Anales de la devalleja, la redencion patria. RH ca. v. 27, fensa de Montevideo, 1842-1851. Mon-

enero, 1957: 1-216. tevideo, 1883-1887. 4 v. illus. |

This section concentrates on Lavalleja’s frustrated A Classic source. The great chronicler, who lived attempts to become first president of Uruguay and his through it, chronicles the Colorado defense of Monte-

continuing rivalry thereafter with Rivera. This and Video. The narration combines diaries, recollections, two previous sections on his years of glory have been and documentations.

published in book form under the same title. 6365. Diaz, César. Memorias, 1842-1853:

6359. Sosa, Julio M. Lavalleja y Oribe. Arroyo Grande, sitio de Montevideo,

Montevideo, 1902. 451 p. Caseros. Montevideo, 1943. 320 p. illus.

A fervent Colorado attacks the Blanco leaders; his General César Diaz, later executed with the other narrative from independence to the massacre of Quin- ‘‘Martires de Quinteros,” left manuscripts describing teros in 1857 concludes: ““Hemos probado hasta la his military career, the campaign of 1842, the defense evidencia, con hechos, con documentos, con opiniones of Montevideo in 1843, and his command of the Direspectablisimas, que Oribe, como Lavalleja, jamas vision Oriental, which took part in Caseros. An im-

URUGUAY 589 ° ’ ° Oribe.

portant firsthand account. French consuls in Montevideo, 1835-1839; in v. 1 6366. Dumas. Alexandre. Montevideo 6 una Herrera deals with the years 1829-1852 and exalts

Nueva Troya, tr. de Edmundo Bianchi prélogo por Ariosto Gonzalez. Monte. 373. Herrera y Obes, Manuel. Correspon-

video, 1941. 155 p dencia diplomatica privada del Doctor

A propaganda piece of the Guerra Grande directed Don Manuel Herrera y Obes con los toward securing French sympathies for the defenders principales hombres publicos, amer-

of en eo aranseuon of Montevideo ou une canos y europeos, 1847-1852. Monte-

nouvelle Troie (Paris, , video, 1902. 289 p.

6367. Duprey, Jacques. Alejandro Dumas, A major source for the Guerra Grande; Herrera y escritor al servicio de Montevideo y ad- Obes was minister of foreign relations of the detenders ‘o de Rosas. Tr. de Isabel Gilbert of Montevideo and father of the alliance with Brazi

e ereda dei onginal en trances 1n- , - 4s

de. Pered e€ del “oan i F la and Urquiza that defeated Oribe and Rosas.

édito. B.A.. 1942 983 p. illus 6374. Lamas, Andrés. Apuntes historicos A careful study of Montevideo ou une nouvelle Troy sobre las agresiones del dictador argen(Duprey concludes that the first draft was probably tino D. Juan Rosas contra la independen-

written by Melchor Pacheco y Obes). cia del Uruguay. Montevideo, 1849. 147,

sys s : _ ewspaper articles written peri -

6368. Ellauri, José L. Correspondencia di- N oun P° wticl ‘tten on the period 1828-1838 plomati ca d el Dr. Jose Ellauri, 1839 in 1845 by Andrés Lamas, Colorado agent in Rio and 1844: publicada, anotada y precedida de one of the principal intellectuals of the “‘Defensa de un estudio biografico del Doctor José Montevideo,” followed by “Notas y documentos Ellauri por Don Dardo Estrada. Monte- __justificativos.” An important document.

video, 1919. 416 p. 6375. Lamas, Pedro S. Etapas de una gran

Ellauri was named ministro general in Europe by Ri- politica. Sceaux. 1908. 323 p.

vera, remaining there from 1840 to 1855. His central The son of Andrés Lamas, representative of the depreoccupation during tne M4 ears covered here was ob- fenders of Montevideo in Brazil during the Guerra

Lge eepresemted pne aie Lak See ocala ooh Grande, gives a. vivid Preure or this ey neure in

eer _ the overthrow of Rosas. The book, whic provi esa

clude a treaty with the United States. The introduc. Yaluable insight on imperial Brazil, also describes tory biography by Dardo Estrada was incomplete at Lamas’s later mission to negotiate a Brazilian frontier

Estrada’s death. treaty. .

6369. Fonseca, Manuel. El final de la Guerra 6376. On tearinos de Mello, Mateo J. La Grande. Montevideo, 1946. 219 p. mision de Florencio Varela a Londres, A useful account of the years 1846-1851; Fonseca 1843-1844. RHea. v. 14, dic., 1943: 1-

is a pro-Oribe Nationalist. 281.

. Varela, later assassinated, was sent to convince Eng-

6370. Fr egeiro, Clemente L. La defensa de and—the mission was unsuccessful—to intervene Montevideo y el General Urquiza, 1848-— against Rosas. This scholarly study begins in 1840

-D.A., . p. ‘oht d di

1851. B.A.. 1917. 45 when the first French intervention ended and includes

As seen from Montevideo, the diplomacy that re- 29 ©!8hlty-page documentary appendix.

sulted in the alliance of Brazil, Urquiza, and the de- 6377. Pereda, Setembrino E. Garibaldi en

estasa wal snsbraatar® R** Frees © “el Uruguay. Montevideo, 1914-1916. Vv. UUs. 6371. Gonzalez, Ariosto D. Un campo de _ An admiring biography based on sources in which the

concentracion en Durazno, 1845. central figure sometimes drops from sight while the RIHGU . t. 16. 1941-1942: 179-301 author considers the Guerra Grande. The Anglo-French intervention of 1845, whose diplo- 6378. Uruguay. President, 1843-1851 (Oribe).

matic aspects are well described here, provoked Oribe El gobierno del Cerrito. Coleccién de to move English and French citizens in his power to . : the interior town of Durazno, where they remained documentos oficiales emanados de los for 11 months until ransomed. Gonzalez adds new poderes del gobierno presidido por el documentation, confirming the account published by Brigadier General D. Manuel Oribe, Benjam Poucel, one of the Frenchmen incarcer- 1843-1851. Montevideo, 1948-1961. 2

ated in Durazno. v. in 3. illus., maps.

: sed — egun ry . . of the Guerra Grande by demonstrating that there was

6372. Herrera, Luis Alberto de. Origenes de This onthe nadia as 0 ancomplete work 52 vor a Onerra Grande. Montevideo, 1941. “civilization versus barbarism” as the explanation V. 2 contains the correspondence of the British and as much “civilization” in Oribe’s government on the

590 SINCE INDEPENDENCE Cerrito as among the defenders of Montevideo. Every 6385. Herrera, Luis A. de. Antes y después serious student is obliged to consult E/ Gobierno del de la Triple Alianza. Montevideo, 1951Cerrito; transparent sympathies of the 1952.2 v. illbal- J. & V. MUS. , Mateo still, J. Magarifios de Mello, areeditor, at odds with

anced analysis. In his own flamboyant style, Herrera reviews the years 1860-1865, and puts responsibility for the Para-

guayan War-— and the Uruguayan Colorados’ return to

; power—on “la nefasta politica de Mitre.”” Any apd. Special Aspects praisal of the war must take this opinionated, docu6379. Actas de la comisién censora y direc- ‘ented history into account. .

ie vv eee AG 6 1840. RHeca. v. 13, 6386. Herrera, Luis A. de. La diplomacia GIC., - 4. | oriental en el Paraguay. Correspondencia Minutes of the government-appointed theater cen- oficial ‘vada del D J José d

sors, ‘“‘un cuerpo literario encargado de velar sobre la Iclal y privada del Doctor Juan Jose de pureza y el decoro de las exibiciones [sic] drama- Herrera, ministro de relaciones exteriores ticas” for 1840—showing Mary Tudor was the issue de los gobiernos de Berro y Aguirre. ae year. Pius documents on theater censorship, Montevideo, 1908-1927. 5 v. Herrera published his father’s papers, 1862-1864,

6380. Schiaffino, Rafael. Vida y Obra de with a long historical introduction that blamed Argen-

Teodoro M. Vilardeb6. 1803-1852 tina for Flores’s invasion of 1863 and Brazil for the

RIHGU 1939: ‘ Paraguayan War.toThis and Herrera’s subsequent . -V.15 1D, 7 fe179-410 , polemical volumes have be confronted in any analy-

Vilardebo, physician and scientist, suffered the nar- gis of the era and the war. rowness and political chaos of post-independence in

Montevideo. Schiaffino, Uruguay's historian of medi 6387. Informes comerciales del represenera ee Poms oe tante de Francia en el Uruguay M. Mar-

tin Maillefer 1853-1854. RHca. v. 32, nos. 94-96, agosto, 1962: 529-590; v. 33,

8. 1851-1897: The Struggle for nos. 97-99, dic., 1962: 332-372; v. 34,

National Unity nos. 100-102, dic., 1963: 356-401.

a. 1851-1865: The Politics of Fusion and to accompany the Maillefer diplomatic reports preh Vi FE] of theFlores, ParagtheWar viouslyWat published, RHca. to to publish hisintroconine Victory Paraguayan sular reports, whichhas willbegun continue 1870. The

; duction gives new biographical material and points up

6381. Berro, Aureliano G. Bernardo P. the importance of these reports for the economic and Berro, vida publica y privada. Monte- diplomatic history of Uruguay.

video, 1920. 351 p. 6388. Informes diplomaticos de los Repre-

Bernardo and Berro, from 1860 to 1864, an tant de F en . 1U intellectual, cne ofpresident Uruguay’s few serious political sentantes de Francia € ruguay, theorists, nevertheless was deeply involved in the 1851-1870. RH ca. v. 17, dic., 1951: 187bloody and passionate politics of the Guerra Grande . 97> _ . and afterwards. This familial biography is based on 373; 417 627. v. 18, 33 300; v.19,

his private papers. v. 21, 402-455; v. 22, 319, 469;259-474; v. 24, 379-413; v. 25, 399-476: v.

6382. Bormann, José A 255-452: campanhav.27, do 76.255-452-v.7 957: 334 , 5B.26, enero, 1957: 295-334.

Uruguay | 864-| 865. Rio, 1907. 296 p. This is a remarkable collection. 1479 printed pages of

The 81-day Brazilian military campaign in Uruguay reports of the two French diplomats in Montevideo: that enabled Flores to achieve power, as narrated by Antonio Devoize, 1851 to 1853, and Martin Maillefer,

a nationalistic Brazilian military historian. who stayed seventeen years, until 1870, and became ° . _ an intimate observer of the complicated Uruguayan 6383. Conte, Antonio H. La cruzada liberta political scene. Maillefer’s reports provide firsthand dora. Recopilacion de datos y documen- information of so great interest that the cautionary in-

to power. , .

tos. Montevideo, 1891. 528 p. troduction — reminding readers ‘‘que se las mantengan

Documents, public and private, of Flores’s successful en su papel, en cierto modo secundario’’—needs to

invasion in 1863-1864, which returned the Colorados — be kept in mind.

; - 6389. Lamas, Andrés. Escritos selectos.

6384. Gonzalez, Ariosto D. El Manifiesto de Montevideo, 1922-1943. 2 v.

Lamas en 1855. RIHGU. t. 11, 1934- pipiomat, politician, historian, erudito, Lamas’s bib-

1935: 3-144. liography extends from 1837 to posthumous publica-

An important monograph that studies the manifiesto tions after his death in 1891. V. 2 includes Lamas’s Andrés Lamas a sus compatriotas, a cry against cau- famous defenses of the alliance he negotiated with dillos, against the traditional parties, and for a new Brazil and of Brazilian intervention in Uruguay under national party. Shows the manifesto’s profound politi- _ that alliance. Blanco Acevedo’s prologue to v. | is a

cal repercussions. good introduction to Lamas.

URUGUAY 59] 6390. Larrain, Carlos. Lastarria, el fracaso moderation and hostile to permanent, and especially de una misién diplomatica. RIHGU.t. © Uruguay’s traditional, political parties. The appen-

. dixes letters, publicBerro’s papers, and published 21, 1954: 45-64.publish statements that illustrate political thought The 1865 refusal of Uruguay, because of commercial . ; interests and the large number of Spaniards in the 6398. Uruguay. Ministerio de Relaciones Excountry, to cooperate with Chile in its war with Spain, teriores. Documentos ... sobre la invanarrated by the grandson of the then Uruguayan for- sion del General Flores. Agente Confi-

_ dencial: Andrés Lamas. Montevideo,

6391. Lepro, Alfredo. Anos de forja: Venan- [18649]. 503 p.

cio Flores. Montevideo, 1962. 315 p. Before its overthrow, the government of Berro com-

A present-day Colorado writes a biography of the missioned Andrés Lamas to gather a series of docuColorado caudillo who brought the party back to ments that would demonstrate Argentina’s complicity

power in 1865. in Flores’s invasion. An important set of documents.

6392. Lockhart, Washington. Maximo Pérez, 6399. Vidaurreta de Tjarks, Alicia. Juan el caudillo de Soriano. [Mercedes, 1962]. Carlos Gomez, periodista y polemista.

407 p. illus., maps. RHca. t. 33, nos. 97-99, dic., 1962: 1-

The readable biography of one of Flores’s devoted 53: t. 34, nos. 100-102, dic., 1963: I-

against Flores’s successors. Originally published in . departmenta’ caudillos who was destroyed struggling 291 RH, v. 29-31 itgives he gauchoflavoraf'the Bloody {yad°at the post Guna Grande era whisk concen

pomues of the Uruguayan interior in the years 1863- trates on his newspaper career in Uruguay and Argentina.

6393. Melian Lafinur, Luis. Semblanzas del oo, a, pasado: Juan Carlos Gémez. Monte- b. 1865-1897: Principismo, Militarism,

video, 1915. 448 p. Civilian Government

Melian Lafinur, enormously erudite, knew and ad- , , mired Juan Carlos Gémez, stormy newspaperman and 6400. Ardao, Maria J. Alfredo Vasquez

founder of the Partido Conservador. This biography, Acevedo: contribucion al estudio de su not entirely uncritical, includes Melian’s criticism of vida y su obra. RHca. t. 36, dic., 1965:

Artigas, which he shared with G6mez. 1-721: dic.. 1966: 1-148

6394. Montero Bustamante, Raul. El] Parti- Vasquez Acevedo was aleader of the Partido Nacional do Conservador, 1852-1855. RHca. v. 4, from its organization in 1872 to his death in 1923. He

1911: 814-828: 5. 1912: 240-253 was also important in university life and in the legal

598— 536 853 862. ’ . » profession. A large part of this publication consists of , —_ . previously unpublished documents and memotrs.

Montero Bustamante sympathetically surveys the , ; -. Partido Conservador—its ideology was political and 6401. Arozteguy, Abdon. La revolucion

economic liberalism—the first of the recurrent at- oriental de 1870. B.A., 1889. 2 v. maps. tempts to do away with caudillos and the traditional A documented political military account by a militant

parties after the Guerra Grande. Nationalist of the 1870-1872 revolution of Timoteo

. . ee Aparicio against Colorado President Lorenzo Batlle,

6395. Palleja, Leon de. Diario de la cam- which resulted in important gains for the Nationalists.

pana de las fuerzas aliadas contra el Para- ¢497, Fernandez Saldafia, José M. Gobierno

guay. Montevideo, 1960. 2 v. (Biblioteca y €poca de Santos. 2. ed. Montevideo

29-30). bectarinn wi

Artigas. Coleccion de clasicos uruguayos 1941. 164 p Soe , ., An able historian, with no sympathy for General A classic soldier's account of the Paraguayan War. antos, treats chronologically a variety of topics on

newspaper El Pueblo 1865-1866. , Originally published as 64 letters.in the Montevideo Santos’s rise, government, and fall

6396. Palomeque, Alberto. Asambleas le- one ‘Oueby e7, “Ar wos D. D € evouucion gislativas del Uruguay, 1850-1863. Bar-viembre. ; epracno a fa coneriacion Ce noRN. jun., 1939: 351-386.

celona, 1915. 563 p. The revolution of Quebracho in 1886 was defeated b

, . ; e military government, but Quebracho exposed the

Although it centers on the legislative career of his th e revolution of Quebracho in was celeated dy father, José Palomeque, this running and partisan ac- militarv’s un larit d led to the milit count of the legislature after the Guerra Grande is - oe di au. “Cr 7Al ee to me 5 th ary Batic a still a helpful history of a poorly studied period. and ite aftermath, onzalez narrates the revolution

6397. meen Devote, Juan E. Las ideas politi- 6404. Manacorda, Telmo. El gran infortuna-

cas de Bernardo F. Berro. Montevideo, do. Biografia novelada. B.A., 1939. 235 p.

195 1.95 p. Julio Herrera y Obes, whose political career started

Berro is shown to be an admirer of North American in the Paraguayan War and ended in 1905, was the

$92 SINCE INDEPENDENCE individual most responsible for the end of militarism, 9. 1897-1945: Democracy and Progress reorganized the Colorado Party, was president of the

republic 1890-1894, and was a controverted figure a. General

thereafter. This superficial biography is in part based . . on his private papers. 6411. Fabregat, Julio T. Elecciones uru-

; ; . ; guayas. (febrero de 1925 a noviembre de

6405. Martinez, Jose Luciano. General Ma- 1946). Montevideo, 1950. 353 p.

ximo Santos ante la historia. Montevideo, Official election returns, 1925-1946. A very useful

, P.

1952. 548 p. illus. compilation that is being kept up to date with later

Less than a biography, this friendly treatment is based | SUPplements. on the personal archive of Santos — second of the mili-

tarists, dictator and president of Uruguay 1880-1886 6412. araone 1065 rv wraguay a 955

— from which extensive portions are published. Béo - Montevideo, "

6406. Oddone, Juan A. El principismo del A broad focus, based on available monographs and on

setenta. Una experiencia liberal en el political, economic, and intellectual history, and an Uruguay Montevideo. 1956. 191 p bib] explanation of current difficulties.

(Instituto de Investigaciones Histéricas. 6413. Oddone, Juan A. Una perspectiva Ensayos, estudios y monografias 6). europea del Uruguay, los informes diplo-

This pioneer study, which stands out as one of the maticos y consulares italianos, 1862very few scholarly works on the politics of the 1870's, 1914. Montevideo, 1965. 105 p. Oe ine on the Punctprsta legis'ature ot 1872-1875 and Studies the reports of Italian diplomats in Uruguay to its doctrinaire liberal positions. Principista failures their foreign ministry and reprints eighteen key docubrought on militarism, but Oddone sees this legisla- ments

ture as a source of later liberty under law. . 6414. Uruguay. Consejo Nacional de Admin-

6407. Pedemonte, Juan C. El ano terrible; istracién. El libro del centenario del UruLatorre, Santos, Tajes: hombres yhechos — gay, 1825-1925. Montevideo, 1925. de su tiempo. Montevideo, 1956. 210 p. 1096 p. illus., maps. The advent of militarism 1875-1876: “Laembrionaria _ profusely illustrated fact book; a mine of information;

y vacilante democracia de la época... fué arrasada chapters on everything from “Asistencia Publica” to

por el vendaval del motin le mantuvo luego, sofo- —«y; ” oe y>seVida Departamental.

cada por los hombres autoritarios que se sucedian en el poder, contando solo Ido de los ba-Saravia, ope .Batlle, tallones SOB EES RNES SENOS 08 b.| 1897-1919: Stability,

Political Innovation 6408. Salterain Herrera, Eduardo de. La- ; torre: la unidad nacional. Montevideo, 6415. Acevedo Diaz, Eduardo. La vida de

1952. 636 p. illus., bibl. batalla de Eduardo Acevedo Diaz. B.A.,

An important biography of Lorenzo Latorre, the first 1941. 274 p.

of the militarists, dictator of Uruguay, 1876-1879. The | His son defends and explains Acevedo Diaz's actions author’s ambivalence to his subject— national unity or in Uruguayan politics 1880-1903, during which time militarist retrogression—partly weakens the book’s the novelist was a key nationalist figure.

impact. 6416. Arena, Domingo. Escritos y discursos 6409. Vedia, Agustin de. La deportaci6n a = del_dr. Domingo Arena sobre el senor la Habana en la barca ‘“‘Puig”’; historia de José Batlle y Ordonez. Montevideo,

guayos 9). — un atentado célebre. Montevideo, 1965. 1942. 244 p. .

193 p. bibl. (Coleccién de clasicos uru- * Complation ot speeches ance Anena Batlle by One of the military’s first acts in 1875 was the depor- 6417. Batlle: su obra y su vida. Montetation of Uruguay’s fifteen most eminent politicians to video, 1956. 218 p.

Habana. Agustin de Vedia, one of the deportees, re- = Qn the hundredth anniversary of Batlle y Ord6fiez’s

counted the “odyssey” in 1875. birth, the newspaper Accién published a series of

‘ . es fifteen articles by historians, publicists, and his sur-

6410. Viana, Javier de. Cronicas de la revo- viving colleagues. Serrato and Batlle’s secretary, lucién del Quebracho. Montevideo, 1943. Fern4ndez Rios recall him; Ardao restates his re-

213 p. search on Batlle’s early philosophical views; Carlos

At Quebracho in 1886, the antimilitarists, made up Rama sees Batlle as responding to labor, and later to principally of university students and the young of — the middle class.

both parties, were defeated, but the revolution was ;

the beginning of the end for military government. 6418. Dahl, Victor C. Uruguay under Juan Javier de Viana, later novelist, took part in the revo- Idiarte Borda: an American diplomat’s lution and published this nostalgic account in 1891. observations. HAHR. v. 46, Feb., 1966:

URUGUAY 593

66-77. of 1918. These commentaries, originally published in

Based on the reports of Granville Stuart, American 1918, are legalistic, not political. The present edition minister to Uruguay and Paraguay, 1894-1898. The includes later articles by Martinez on this constitution. article summarizes Stuart’s reports on the Revolution Gross Espiell’s introduction has an excellent short of 1897 in Uruguay, but the most striking disclosure is Survey of the literature of Uruguayan constitutional the request of the Uruguayan government in 1895 for !nterpretation.

1 : 49p. |

U.S. assistance in maintaining Uruguayan neutrality in eZ ° - 2 .

the event of a Chilean-Argentine war with Brazil. 6426. Melian Lafinur, Luis. L a accion funes

, ; ta de los partidos tradicionales en la re-

6419. Giudici, Roberto B., and Efrain Gon- forma constitucional. Montevideo, 1918.

zalez Conzi. Batlle y el batllismo. 2. ed. 949

Montevideo, 1959. 411 p. illus. Melidn Lafinur’s bitter call, based on Uruguayan his-

Though a campaign biography on Batlle y Orddfiez, tory and the 1916-1917 constitutional reform, to forUruguay’s innovator and central twentieth-century get the habitual parties and set up new ones.

political figure, it has extensive citations from his , . -: articles, speeches, and projects. This edition con- 6427. Monegal, Jose. Vida de Aparicio Satains Batlle’s marginal corrections to the 1928 edi- ravia. Montevideo, 1942. 516 p. tion. Though. . written by a partisan for partisans, this book is the best biography now available of the 1897-1904

revolucion de Sus antecedentes. , . 7 Montevideo. 1898 57 6428. Ponce de Leon, Luis. Revolucion del

6420. errer a, fas de. Por la patria. la Blanco ceudille, pay

The Nationalist revolution of 1897, as seen by the 7: _Impresiones intimas, escenas y epiyoung secretary of Nationalist co-commander Diego sodios. Montevideo, 188. 253 p. Lamas. Herrera’s first publication. Nationalist general Aparicio Saravia’s secretary writes

. . , of his experiences in 1897.

6421. Idiarte Borda, Celia, and Maria E. 6429 5 de h Créni Idiarte Borda. Juan Idiarte Borda, su - Sangre de hermanos. Cronica com-

vida, su obra. B.A., 1939. 478 p. illus pleta de los sucesos militares y politicos

President Idiarte Borda (1894-1897), bitterly attacked desarrollados durante la revolucion de in life and after his assassination, is defended by his 1904. Montevideo, 1905. 477 p. illus. daughters who used his archive in preparing this biog- A very useful, and objective, description of the causes raphy. and first months of the War of 1904.

6422. Lloyd, Reginald, ed. Impresiones dela 6430. Saravia, Nepomuceno H. Memorias de

Republica del Uruguay en el siglo veinte. Aparicio Saravia. Montevideo, 1956.

London, 1912. 511 p. illus., map. 633 p. illus.

A handsomely printed volume aimed particularly at Saravia, the last gaucho caudillo, rejuvenated the Napotential investors and the English community in tional party in 1897 and his death in the War of 1904

° .. . source.

Montevideo. Thirty-eight articles, many of them val- permitted Batlle y Ord6fiez to solidify his hold on Uru-

uable, on Uruguay in 1911. guay. Saravia’s private archive, with interspersed 6423. Maeso, Carlos M. El Uruguay 4 través comments by his son, is published here. A valuable

de un siglo. Montevideo, 1910. 533 p. , . , illus., maps. 6431. Secco Ila, Joaquin. Historia de la

A huge compendium, one column in Spanish, one in Union Civica. Montevideo, 1946. 143 p. French, full of information and pictures of Uruguay in Political lectures on the history of Uruguay’s Catho1910, to demonstrate “El brillante porvenir de esta _ lic party—since divided—by one of its founders. Secco

Nacion Americana.” Illa traces the direct origins of the party to 1889 and

, , ti th h its foundation in 1911 and th -

6424. Martinez, José L. Cuestas y su ad- gram of 1912. ms foundanon ih aname Pro

ministracion. Préologo de Luis Melian . , Lafinur. Montevideo, 1904. xxxvi, 448 p. 6432. Vanger, Milton I. Jose Batlle y Or-

A description of persecutions by Juan Lindolfo Cues- dofez of Uruguay: the creator of his tas, president of Uruguay, 1897-1903, of his fellow times, 1902-1907. Cambridge, Mass., Colorados, rather than a history, but the only book- 1963. 320 p. illus., maps, bibl. length treatment of his pivotal administration. Batlle’s first presidency, based on his private papers 6425. Martinez, Martin C. Ante la nueva and a variety of sources. This is the first volume of a constitucién. Prélogo de Héctor Gros >!08taphy on Batlle’s political career.

Espiell. Montevideo, 1964. xxxix, 268 p. 6433. Vedia y Mitre, Mariano de. El gobierno

(Biblioteca Artigas. Coleccion de clasi- del Uruguay, Estudio constitucional de la

cos uruguayos 48). reforma de 1917. B.A., 1919. 238 p.

Martin C. Martinez was one of the four Nationalist Vedia y Mitre, distinguished Argentine constitutional!-

party members of the Committee of Eight, which ist, sympathetically described the constitutional redrafted the Presidential-Plural Executive Constitution form of 1917 and, somewhat artificially, tied it to his

594 SINCE INDEPENDENCE

.ed. B.A., , p.

own ideas on the ministerial role. considers successful. Though the writing is sprightly,

. : . the author’s interest in the intricacies of political ma-

oa. ane JOT "65 Con devisa blanca. jeuver require attentive reading. ‘

Written as a propaganda piece during the War of 1904, 6443. Welker, Juan C. Baltasar Brum: verbo

it nevertheless gives an authentic Blanco picture. y accion. Montevideo, 1945. 438 p.

one , : Brum, Batlle y Ord6fiez’s protegé, president of the

6435. Ww illiman, Jose C. El Dr. Claudio republic, 1919-1923, whose suicide in protest at the Williman: su vida publica. Montevideo, Golpe de Estado of 1933 still stirs feeling, here gets

1957. 854 p. illus. an enthusiastic party biography, which really does not

A son’s biography of Claudio Williman, president, take his career beyond 1917. 1907-1911, with extensive quotations from his public

papers and occasionally from his private ones. d. 1933-1945: Golpe de Estado,

6436. Zavala Muniz, Justino. Cronica de Uruguay and World War II

Muniz. Montevideo, 1921. 414 p. ;

The life of Justino Muniz, Blanco caudillo who fought 6444. Acevedo Alvarez, Eduardo. La ce oOno-

for the Colorados in 1897 and 1904, as told by his mia y las finanzas publicas despues del grandson in a way that won it literary fame. 31 de marzo. Montevideo, 1937. 308 p.

An attack on Gabriel Terra’s economic policies, by an

c. 1919-1933; The First Colegiado, ex-minister of finance and political enemy.

Batilismo, Herrerismo 6445. Acevedo Alvarez, Eduardo. La gran 6437. Cosco Montaldo, J. Oscar. El Uru- obra de os poderes constituctonales

guay: su democracia y su vida politica. 580 € a la crisis. Montevideo,

Montevideo, 1926. 48 p. A Ae AI defends his antid . ,

Answers José Vasconcelos’s attacks in La raza cosmi- veve st f firs e Sf th iS antl vhont ove a ed ca on Batlle y Orddéfiez and the absence of agrarian el Gabni Te a or the government overturne reform in Uruguay. An interesting statement. y Gaonel 1 erta.

6438. Freitas, Antonio M. de. Herrera— 6446. Asociacion Nacional de Contadores y hombre de estado. Montevideo, 1952. Peritos Mercantiles. Instituto de Economia,

677 p. Finanzas y Administracion. Preparacion

A campaign biography of Luis Alberto de Herrera, del pais para afrontar los problemas de caudillo of the National party from the 1920's, written la post-Guerra. Montevideo, 1944. 45 p.

before Herrera accomplished his life’s dream and With the confidence that 80 million dollars in foreign

182 p. illus. , .

brought the party back to power in 1958. exchange reserves in Uruguay inspired, the AsociaZ . , cion made sensible proposals for securing the eco6439. Gonzalez, Ariosto D. Jose Serrato, nomic progress of Uruguay. Comparison with CIDE, tec cel estado. Montevideo, 1942. Estudio econémico del Uruguay (1963)is enlightening. An authorized biography by a professional historian 6447, Brena, Tomas G., and J. V. Iturbide. and admirer. Serrato was twice minister of finance Alta traicion en el Uruguay. Prologo de under Batlle y Ord6éfiez and president of the republic, Jose Serrato. Montevideo, [1940]. 308 p.

1923-1927. Hus. . _ . by two members of the investigatory Committee of Montevideo, 1936. 575 p. ; ;

6440. Haedo, Eduardo V. La caida de un A summary of the investigation of Nazism in Uruguay

regimen. |. Etapa: las crisis del partido. if. Chamber of Deputies.

To defend Luis Alberto de Herrera’s support of the 6448. Cosio, Ricardo. Temas bancarios: 1933 Golpe de Estado, Haedo traces Herrera’s rise papelismo y desvalorizacion. Monteto caudillo of the Partido Nacional. Polemical, with video, 1933. 161 p.

important documentation on the years 1886~1931. A leading anti-Terra economist criticizes the govern-

Paris, (n.d.]. reat Depression.

6441. Herrera, Luis A. de, ed. En la brecha. ment S eevaluationary monetary policies during the Herrera’s views of Uruguayan politics of the 1920’s, 6449, Fernandez Artucio, Hugo. Nazis en el

and his part in them. Uruguay. Montevideo, 1940. 151 p.

p. bibl. . eye >

6442. Lindahl, Goran G. Uruguay’s new The activities and plots of the Uruguayan Nazi party path: a study in politics during the first —largely German residents. This book caused a sen-

. sation and was used as a document in the parliamen-

aaeaene 1919-1933. Stockholm, 1962. tary investigation of the Nazis.

This major achievement, most carefully researched by 6450. Frugoni, Emilio. La revolucion del a Swedish political scientist, deals with party politics machete. B.A., 1935. 248 p.

and the operations of the first colegiado, which Lindahl Gabriel Terra’s 1933 golpe de estado, as seen from the

URUGUAY 595 opposition by the Uruguayan Socialist leader. of Batlle y Orddnez, president of Uruguay 1947-1950,

. . and until his deathE] inUruguay 1964, a principal 6451. Gallinal, Gustavo. hacia laBatllista . aP P aleader. wat “t dictadura. Preparacion del golpe de es- 6458. Gomez, Eugenio. Historia del Partido

tado. Montevideo, 1938. 370 p. Comunista del Uruguay (hasta el afio

An important account by a Nationalist opponent of 1951). Montevideo, 1961. 280 p.

the golpe de estado, centering on the years 1930-1933. This is both a document and a history. Originally

, , . ; written under the auspices of the Uruguayan Com-

6452. Martinez, J ose L. Gabriel Terra: el munist party, it focuses, in the Stalinist pattern, on the hombre, el politico, el gobernante. Mon- General Secretary Eugenio Gémez. In 1955, Gémez

tevideo, 1937-1938. 3 v. illus. was ousted; in 1961, he published his copy of the

A panegyrical biography; v. 1 goes to Terra’s presi- | ™anuscript ‘“‘para que la juventud sepa la verdad dential candidacy; v. 2, to the Golpe de Estado of sobre el pasado y no se engafie con las falsificaciones

1933; v. 3, to the end of his term in 1938. Trotskistas-oportunistas.” 6453. Taylor, Philip B. The Uruguayan coup 6459. Real de Azia, Carlos. El impulso y su

d’état of 1933. HAHR. v. 32, Aug., freno: tres décadas de Batllismo. Monte-

1952: 301-320. video, 1964. 107 p.

A careful narration of President Gabriel Terra’s golpe In one of the best essays provoked by Uruguay’s de estado of 1933, which ended Uruguay’s first cole- Present crisis, Real de Azua concludes .“hemos Ilegiado and interrupted the process of civil government 8440 a ser una sociedad economicamente estancada,

begun in 1897. politicamente enferma, éticamente atona...” and

; - fixes what he sees as Batllismo’s mistaken emphasis marzo. B.A., 1938. 184 p. duction as the basic cause.

6454. Terra, Gabriel. La revoluciOn de on redistribution and consumption instead of pro-

Valuable. collection of speeches by Terra, 1932-1937, . : including his radio talk on the night of the golpe de 6460. Solari, Aldo E. E] tercerismo en el estado and his banquet speech for Franklin D. Roose- Uruguay. Montevideo, 1965. 189p. __

velt in which he stressed the similarities of the New A leading sociologist analyzes the Uruguayan third

Deal to his own program. position— with much of which he sympathizes —and

. . concludes that its failure comes from its preference for

6455. Terra, Gabriel, Jr. Gabriel Terra y la attacking ““American Imperialism,” something it canverdad historica. Montevideo, 1962. not change, instead of presenting specific solutions to

335 p. Uruguay’s problems.

Gabriel Terra’s son wrote this biography as ananswer 6461. Taylor, Philip B. Government and to attacks on his father; his interpretation of the golpe politics of Uruguay. New Orleans, 1960.

de estado of by 1933 defensive, arguing that Terra was (Tulane 176 bibl. (Tul di litical forced to act the is behavior of the opposition. S p. O10. studies in ‘politica science 7).

An able political scientist, with previous research ex-

10. 1945-1965: From perience in Uruguay, analyzes what had happened to Euphoria to Crisis produce the difficult times of the late 1950's.

6462. Uruguay and the United Nations. 6456. Ares Pons, Roberto. Uruguay. {Pro- Juan A. Ramirez et al. eds. N. Y., 1958. vincia 0 Nacion? Montevideo, 1961.78 p. 129 p. (National studies on international Ares Pons reviews Uruguay’s history to advocate a organization).

new politics that will leave behind the traditional A proup of authorities discuss Uruguay’s role in the parties and the concept of a separate Uruguayan na- United Nations.

tion and bring on Hispanic confederation. 6463. Miltonintroduces I. U atrod . ,American . Vanger, Milton I. Vanger. Uruguay

6457. Batlle Berres, Luis. Pensamiento y government by committee. APSR. v. 48,

accion: discursos Seleccion ,_ . no. 2,y articulos. June, 1954: 500-513.

y notas por Santiago Rompani. Monte- Analysis of Uruguayan politics and description of the

video, 1965-1966. 2 v. campaign that reformed the constitution in 1951 and Speeches, 1933-1964, by Luis Batlle Berres, nephew __ re-installed the colegiado — the plural executive.

596 SINCE INDEPENDENCE P. Brazil, Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries The following entries, removed from Sections Q and R contributed by Stanley J. Stein (“‘Brazil, the Empire’’) and John Wirth (‘‘Brazil, the Republic’’), have been placed in this separate section because they relate to both periods.

6464. Amado, Gilberto. As instituig6es poli- 6469. Carneiro, José F. Imigragao e coloni-

ticas e Oo meio social no Brasil. /z An- zagao no Brasil. Rio, 1950. 60 p. illus., tonio Carneiro Leao et al. A margem da maps, bibl. (Universidade do Brasil. Fahistoria da republica (ideas, crencas e culdade Nacional de Filosofia. Cadeira de affirmacoes). Rio, 1924. p. 57-78. Geografia do Brasil. Publicacao avulsa 2).

The weakness of the republic seen as the heritage of | Introduction to the history of Brazilian immigration the interplay of slavery and the political structure of | since 1808, and to the colonization of south Brazil. It

the empire. [S.S.] also includes some interesting material on nationalistic

. top . legislation between the world wars. [J.B.W.]5 _ 6465. Basbaum, Leoncio. Historia sincera da republica. Tentativa de interpretacao 6470. Costa, Joao Cruz. A history of ideas

marxista. Rio, 1957-1962. 3 v. bibl. in Brazil. The development of philosophy

V. 1. contains a muckraking, sometimes penetrating, in Brazil and the evolution of natural re-examination of the empire and the origins of re- history. Berkeley, 1964. 427 p. bibl.

[S.S.] lican eras. [C.C.G.]

publicanism, based upon published standard sources. _A history dealing with both the imperial and the repub-

6466. Buarque, Felicio. Origens republi- 6471. Hill, Lawrence F. Diplomatic relations

canas: estudos da génese politica em between the United States and Brazil.

refutacao ao livro do Dr. Afonso Celso... Durham, 1932. 322 p. bibl. (Duke Uni-

Sao Paulo, 1962. 274 p. versity publications).

An ardent republiean tries to debunk (1894) the “im- — Largely on relations under the empire, including excel-

perial legend” by stressing the popular origins of lent chapters on the U.S. involvement in the African Brazilian republicanism and the army as representa- slave trade to Brazil and the opening of the Amazon to

tive of a “‘republicanized”’ people. [S.S.] international use. [S.S.]

6467. Cardoso, Fernando H. Capitalismo e 6472. Ianni, Octavio. As metamorfoses do escravidao no Brasil meridional: oO negro escravo: apogeu e crise da escravatura no na sociedade escravocrata do Rio Grande Brasil meridional. Sao Paulo, 1962. 312 do Sul. Sao Paulo, 1962. 339 p. bibl. p. bibl. (Corpo e alma do Brasil 7). (Colecao Corpo e alma do Brasil 8). A sociologist examines the pattern of slavery and its

A study paralleling that of Ianni, this time in the dissolution in Parana and generalizes about the nature neighboring province of Rio Grande do Sul. Both of slavery and its impact upon Brazilian society, past studies seek to establish the historical roots of con- and present. [S.S.]

teTBrazil’ lations. [S.S. :. EEN EE NSS I 6473. Leal, Victor Nunes. Coronelismo,

6468. Cardoso, Vicente L. A margem da his- enxada e voto. O municipio e o regime

Paulo, 1933. p. bibl.

toria do Brasil. (ivro postumo). Sao representativo no Brasil. Rio, 1948. 311

Essays on aspects of the empire and republic, on poli- A brilliant documented study of the historical roots tics, economics, and biography. Stimulating but minus and contemporary crisis of rural bossism in Brazil.

scholarly apparatus. [S.S.] [S.S.]

BRAZIL, THE EMPIRE , 597 6474. Magaldi, Sabato. Panorama do teatro 6478. Sodré, Nelson Werneck. Formagcao da

brasileiro. Sao Paulo, 1962. 274 p. (Cole- sociedade brasileira. Rio, 1944. 338 p.

¢ao Corpo e alma do Brasil 9). (Colecao Documentos brasileiros 47).

A well-integrated, sensitive study of the theater as a General view (p. 201-338) of Brazilian history since literary genre, with excellent appreciations of impor- 1822, interdisciplinary and emphasizing economic tant authors and a critical analysis of works on Brazil- factors. [S.S.]

ian theater (p. 271-274). 6479. Sodré. Nel Ww k. Introducioa4 4 . Lo. , . Sodr[I.L.] elson Werneck. Introducao

6475. Martin, Percy A. Federalism inbrasileira. Brazil.2. ed. -? Rio, or .1963. S revolucao Synthesis of the development of federalism under the E Pp. ‘et d national cult

empire, its association with republicanism, and final thou sch “arly y, economy, an fl national de 1 ad. ‘‘enthronement”’ under the republic until 1937. (S.S.] ing SS) olarly apparatus, yet reflecting wide read-

6476. Roche, Jean. La colonisation allemande en le Rio Grande do Sul. Paris, 6480. Stein, Stanley J. The Brazilian cotton 1959. 696 p. illus., maps, bibl. (Travaux manufacture: textile enterprise in an un-

et mémoires de l'Institut des Hautes derdeveloped area, 1850-1950. CamEtudes de l’Amérique Latine 3). bridge, Mass., 1957. 273 p. bibl. (Studies

Scholarly and complete, with an extensive bibliog- in entrepreneurial history).

raphy. In producing this tour de force, Roche drew ex- This carefully researched and well-constructed monotensively upon his knowledge of anthropology, geog- graph traces the growth of what was until recently the

raphy, and history. [J.W.] leading sector of Brazilian industrialization. The em-

: , . hasis isJosé upon of government 6477. Santos, M.the dos.role Bernardino de LBW. P 6intervention.

Campos e 0 Partido Republicano Paulis- oo,

ta. Subsidios para a histéria dareptblica. 6481. Valerio, Gianina. A emigracao italiana

Rio, 1960. 285 p. (Colecao Documentos para o Brasil (notas e observacoes).

brasileiros 105). RHSP. ano 10, v. 19, no. 40, out.-dez.,

More than a history of Sao Paulo’s hegemony in the 1959: 385-429.

“first republic,” this work synthesizes the collapse of | Short survey of Italian emigration and Brazilian govthe empire, tying the military and abolitionism. [S.S.] ernment policies, with an excellent bibliography. [J.W.]

Q. Brazil, the Empire STANLEY J. STEIN

For forty years after the collapse of the Brazilian monarchy historians created the

myth of a monarchy stable and virtuous, centralizing and parliamentary, in a continent of unstable and faction-ridden republics. They defined the political configuration or periodization of the empire: the withering of support for the first emperor and his welcome departure, 1828-1831; two decades of springtime under the Regency and the first years of Pedro II’s reign culminating in the most explosive of many regionalist outbursts, Pernambuco’s revolt in 1848-1849; the flowering of political compromise as Liberal and Conservative parties chose to collaborate until the military phase of Brazilian intervention in the River Plate, the Paraguayan War, 1865-1871; finally, the autumn of the Second Reign and the decay

of the imperial system. From a cadre of conservatives whose roster included Afonso Celso, Oliveira Lima, Max Fleiuss, Oliveira Vianna, and Afonso Taunay

flowed the nostalgic historiography of the empire. The most representative expression of this school may be found in the publications prepared for the

598 SINCE INDEPENDENCE centenary (1925) of Pedro II’s birth by the Instituto Historico Geographico Brasileiro. Beginning in the 1920’s when a crescendo of political instability coupled with military interventions forced Brazilians to look to their past for origins if not for

guidance, there emerged a critical rather than apologetic examination of the trajectory of the empire. The new criticism of Vicente Licinio Cardoso (6468), Gilberto Amado (6464), and Castro Rebello (6519) recalled the artificial quality of the empire’s parliamentary system and suggested that it was at best a fragile facade for the imperial will that Pedro’s contemporaries once termed “‘despotism,”’ and the intransigent slaveholding interests that it had defended tenaciously. Their essays emphasized the empire’s slow rate of growth, its mercantilistic approach to

enterprise and entrepreneurship, its neglect of education, and its decorous but wily defense of human bondage, which made the Brazilian monarchy the last nation in the Western continent to eliminate chattel slavery. On balance, both schools of historiography were oriented toward political, diplomatic, and constitutional developments, and their contributions, with few exceptions, were adequate but generally undistinguished in scope, in research, and, with few exceptions, in insight. Since 1930 Brazil’s high rate of illiteracy, inadequate secondary and university

educational structure, poorly distributed national income, and demoralizing cycles of political unrest, dictatorship, brief liberalization, and renewed repression have not provided the preconditions of outstanding historiography. Remarkably enough, however, there have been substantial contributions of limited scope to our understanding of the monarchy; for example, Tarquinio de Sousa’s biographical studies of the period 1820-1840 culminating in his fine biography of Pedro I (6568), Quintas’ imaginative review of Pernambuco’s civil war of 18481849 (6600), Oliveira Torres’ defense of the political theory and practice of the empire (6603), Santos’ critical analysis of the SaG Paulo Republicans’ attitude toward abolitionism (6546), and Cruz Costa’s (6561) and Lins’ (6666) studies of positivism. Critical analyses of the empire’s autumnal phase proved to be the most stimulating historiographical contributions in recent years. Magalhaes Junior (6512) and Lyra (6511) probed the last decade of the empire, and both pinpoint the decisive role of the military. ‘There is no doubt that the current state of Brazil’s

economy and society and the rate of economic development as well as contemporary problems of race relations and resistance to change were responsible for the historical insights of such social scientists as the economist Furtado and

the sociologists Fernandes (6654), Ianni (6472), and Cardoso (6467). The sociologists utilized the historical method to reconstruct the pattern of race relations, social stratification, and social psychology of slaveholding Sao Paulo, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul under the empire, and they filled thereby a lacuna that social historians overlooked or, in the works of Freyre, gilded. Their contribution supported the acuity of Caio Prado’s observation that the empire is the “‘most interesting period of Brazil’s evolution, at least for those seeking an understanding of contemporary Brazil.”

BRAZIL, THE EMPIRE 599

, ; . v. 6 Ri > p. -530.

1. Bibliographies and Guides cional de historia de America 1922. 6482. Prado, Caio. Segundo reinado. In Rhos 7 0 6 0 oepe sil p. 453-53

Rubens Borba de Moraes and William A constitutional historian reviews the struggle to Berrien, eds. Manual bibliografico de achieve a federal, i.e., decentralized political system

estudos brasileiros. p. 433-446. in Brazil, 1824-1891. Emphasis upon parliamentary

Introduction to the historiography of the period, 1840- debates. 1889, by one who believes the study of the empire is

aa ; .Docum

a key to understanding contemporary Brazil. Excellent 3. Sources bibliography.

6483. Sousa, Octavio T. de. Independencia, a. 0 ents primeiro reinado, regencia. Jn Rubens 6490. Brazil. Assembleia Constituinte 1823.

Borba de Moraes and William Berrien. Annaes do Parlamento brasileiro. Rio, eds. Manual bibligrafico de estudos bra- 1876-1884. 6 v. in 3.

;ntroduction sileiros. p. 408~432. 6491. Brazil. Congresso. Camara1822 dos Deputo the _historiography of the period Ad

1840, followed by excellent bibliography. tados. Annaes da Camara dos Deputados do Imperio do Brasil. 1822-1889.

2. General 6492. Brazil. Congresso. Senado. Annaes do

. Senado do Imperio do Brasil. Rio, 1826-

6484. Haring, Clarence H. Empire in Brazil. 1889. 20v.

A new world experiment with monarchy. .

Cambridge Mase. 1958. 182 p map 6493. Brazil. Crown. Falas do throno...

A comprehensive, balanced introduction to nineteenth- 6494. Brazil. Laws, statutes, etc. Coleccao

century Brazil. _ . das leis do imperio do Brasil desde a In-

6485. Holanda, Sérgio Buarque de, ed. His- dependencia. Rio, 1829-1834. 5 v. tone ee OT Sa naga brasileira. Sao 6495. Costa, Sérgio Corréa da, ed. Pareceres

V. Lcover ; us. , Taps. do Conselho e dotoconsultor , ers the period 1822-1831, v. 2, de theEstado regency ar . . .

1848. A collaborative work, these volumes offer com- do Ministerio dos Negocios Extrangeiros prehensive, interdisciplinary treatment of one of Bra- (1842-1889). Rio, 1942. 194 p. (Miniszil’s most complex and confusing periods. Particularly terio das Relacoes Exteriores. Publiuseful for discussion of the doctrine of the moderating ~ power, analysis of sectional unrest under the regenc cagoes 25).

° gency. A subject and chronological index to the analyses pre-

6486. Humphreys, Robert A. Monarchy and pared by the foreign affairs section of the Conselho on

empire. In Harold A. Livermore, ed. matters submitted by the foreign affairs ministry.

Portugal and Brazil: an introduction. Ox- , ford, 1953. p. 301-320. b. Memoirs and Letters

Brief critical bibliography. . ? ° ,

Succinct introduction to major features of the empire. ¢496 Jardim, Anténio da Silva. Memorias e

viagens. I. Campanha de un propagandis-

6487. Lima, Manoel de Oliveira. O movi- ta, 1887-1890. Lisboa, 1891. 468 p. mento da independencia. O IPer© bra- 6497. Pedro II, emperor of Brazil. Cartas do

sileiro, 4. ed. in ~de Co1962. 5091821-1889. p. illus imperador D. Sao PedroPaulo, II ao barao

A standard, comprehensive survey of the empire, the tegipe: ordenadas e annotadas por Wan-

basis of most recent textbooks. Occasional source derley Pinho. Sao Paulo, 1933. 297 p.

footnotes. illus. (Biblioteca pedagogica brasileira. . ys . * ae edro II’s correspondence - wi e Con-

6488. Manchester, Alan K. British preemi- p Ser. 9. Brasilianos 2) 1886) with the C

etude of Brazil, its rise and decline: a servative politician, Cotegipe, on the themes of adstu y of European expansion. Chapel pinistration and politics, the Paraguayan War, cler-

Hill, 1933. 371 p. maps. icalism, and abolitionism. Included is correspondence

A thorough study of British economic and political to and from Cotegipe (with other correspondents) on

influence. [C.C.G. ] matters discussed in Pedro’s letters.

6489. Roure, Agenor de. Os prodromos do c. Description and Travel

federalismo. Ideas, proyectos e programmas dos partidos. Congresso interna- 6498. Agassiz, Louis, and Elizabeth C. Agas-

540 p. . Lo.

600 SINCE INDEPENDENCE siz. A journey in Brazil. Boston, 1871. 4. Biographies

A naturalist and his wife describe their visit to the 9506. Cardoso, Vicente L. Benjamin ConAmazon, and to Rio de Janeiro and its environs. Stant, O fundador da republica. In Antonio

; Carneiro Leao et al. A margen da his-

6499. Burton, Richard F. Explorations of toria da republica. p. 293-317.

the highlands of the Brazil. London, One of the most balanced and succinct biographical

1869. 2 v. illus., map, bibl. essays on one of the founding fathers of the republic

Brazil, from Rio to Minas Gerais and the Sao Fran- Of 1889.

cisco river valley, and throughafricanist, the eyes of a distinguished 6507. Chagas, Paulo Pinheiro Teofilo Ottoni orientalist of Great at Santos. ministro do ex-consul povo. 2. ed. Rio, Britain 1956. oy 666, *p.? Uncritical, comprehensive political biography of one

6500. Freyre, Gilberto. Un engenheiro fran- of the leading Liberals (1807-1869) of the empire. ces no Brasil. 2. ed. Rio, 1960. 2 v. (His on the Mucuri River, to provide an Atlantic outlet for

A ; . . Ottoni supported an ill-fated colonization project

reunidas la.francés ser.) per Gerais. . Obras Um engenheiro noMinas Brasil. I]. Diario intimo . ,

de Louis Léger Vauthier. Vauthier, graduate of the 6508. Faria, Alberto de. Maua ... 1813Ecole Polytechnique and socialist, lived in Pernam- 1889. Rio, 1926. 604 p. illus. buco (1840-1846), served as chief of public works, Substaniial biography of the visionary entrepreneur and left a diary. V. | contains Freyre’s analysis of the of the empire whose activities in the Rio de la Plata Brazilian milieu, French influence in Brazil, and Vau- in close association with the Brazilian foreign office thier’s role. V. 2 presents a translation of the widely led to bankruptcy and oblivion.

ranging diary. . . .

a 6509. Forjaz, Djalma. O senador Vergueiro.

6501. Garcia, Rodolpho. Historia das $ao Paulo, 1924. 568 p.

exploracoes scientificas. Brograp iyelite, of a Fortuguese-born member tne 320 ; ear 4 wb: “Ta sa/n Instituto aulo planter who migrated tooFBrazi Historico c Geographico Brasileiro. Dic participated in the politics of independence, and excionario historico, geographico € etnO- perimented unsuccessfully with free contract labor graphico do Brasil. 1: 856-910. Rio, onhis coffee plantations (1847-1857).

1922. illus., maps. , ,

Excellent introduction to scientifically oriented trav- 6510. Homem, Floriano Torres. Francisco eller, i.e., the naturalists. For the period since 1822, de Salles Torres Homem, visconde de

see p. 886. .Inhomirim. Jn Terceiro Congresso de historia nacional. Anais, 6: 85-165. 6502. Kidder, Daniel P., and James C. Aspects of the political career of a Liberal who joined Fletcher. Brazil and the Brazilians, por- the Conservatives, an antimonarchist who later betrayed in historical and descriptive came a leader of the movement of compromise cum sketches. 8. ed. Boston, 1868. 640 p. unity In support of monarchy 1n Brazil. A once highly popular (7 editions in a decade) descrip- 6511. Lyra, Heitor. Historia de D. Pedro

tion of Brazil by two Protestant pastors who admired 2 ~ >

the then “most stable country” of Latin America. I 1825 1891. Sao, Paulo, 1938 1940. 3 v. illus., bibl. (Biblioteca pedogogica

6503. Santa-Anna Nery, Frederico J. de. brasileira. Série 5. Brasiliana 133, 133 Aux Etats-Unis du Brésil. Paris, 1890. A-B).

340 p. illus. Broad treatment of Pedro II and his times, based

A sensitive survey of Brazil, analyzing and advertis- | upon a limited number of published primary works, ing its products, its major cities, its countryside at the and a few collections of correspondence. Generally

end of the imperial era. favorable to the emperor; marred frequently by superficial judgments.

6504. Seuuth, Herpety ° Bran the Amazons 6512. Marchant, Anyda. Viscount Maua

map cores " P. ” and the empire of Brazil. A biography

Among many virtues, this work offers one of the rare of Irineu Evangelista de Sousa 1813descriptions in English of the terrible drought of 1889. Berkeley, 1965. 291 p. -

1877-1879 in the Nordeste, and of society and trade The life and times of Brazil’s most ambitious entre-

in and around Rio de Janeiro. preneur in the two decades following 1850, industrialist, banker and international financier. The best

6505. Walsh, Robert. Notices of Brazil in >!ography available.

1828 and 1829. Boston, 1831.2 v. , . .

An English cleric’s account of society and culture in 6513. Maua, Irineo Evangelista de Souza, Rio, and of a trip to Minas Gerais’s gold mines. Acute visconde de. Autobiografia. Exposi¢ao

observations on Brazilian slavery. aos credores e ao publico seguida de O

BRAZIL, THE EMPIRE 601 meio circulante no Brazil. Prefaciada e _ the African slave trade.

anotada Por pee Sans. Rio, Nay 6521. Vianna, Hélio. Francisco de Sales The oc enterprising ced iterate businesenan ee whe Torres Homem, Visconde de Inhomirim.

. Biography of a journalist, author of one the most his (1875). ,; ofII, who : ;bankruptcy ; ; widely read political tracts against>. Pedro later Brazilian Empire reviews his own career and analyzes . RIHGB. Vv. 246, | 960: 253-281.

6514. Maua, Irineo Evangelista de Souza, abjured radicalism for status.

visconde de. Correspondencia poatica de 6522. Williams, Mary W. Dom Pedro the aula NO NO Ca rata, - FTe- magnanimous, second emperor of Brazil. facio e notas de Lidia Besouchet. Sao Chapel Hill, 1937. 414 p. illus., map. Paulo, 1943. (Biblioteca pedagogica bra- Carefully researched biography often bordering on

sileira. Sér. 3. Brasiliana 227). hagiography. Useful if used critically.

naiveté. 5. Economy

Scattered correspondence, these letters underscore

an intelligent and imaginative entrepreneur’s political

6515. Nabuco, Carolina. The life of Joaquim 6523. Besouchet, Lidia. Maua y su epoca.

Nabuco. Stanford, 1950. 373 p: illus., B.A., 1940. 234 p. illus.

map. The Brazilian banker-industrialist Maua viewed

A dedicated daughter has written a life of her father, through his operations in Uruguay, Argentina, and abolitionist leader and, under the republic, ambassador Brazil. An introduction to the economic history of in Washington, close collaborator of Elihu Root. Brazil, 1840-1875 (see especially p. 11-81), the book

f . ; treats superficially the causes of Maua’s collapse in

Rio,; .1908. 352Alice p. 6524. C. . Canabrava, P. O d volvi-

6516. Ottoni, Christiano B. Autobiographia. 1875.

Caustic observations on political parties and major mento da cultura do algodiao oe covine)

issues of the second empire by a Liberal, disillusioned i r oda na pro la

politician. de Sao Paulo, 1861-1875. . , , 1951. 323 p. bibl. Sao Paulo, 6517. Pinho, Jose Wander ley. Cotegipe e Painstaking coverage of one of the neglected interseu tempo. Primeira phase: 1815-1867. national repercussions of the cotton famine caused Sao Paulo, 1937. 717 p. (Biblioteca peda- by the U.S. Civil War: the meteoric rise and fall of gdgica brasileira Série 5. Brasiliana 85). cotton agriculture in Sao Paulo. archconservative politician, antiabolitionist repre- 6525. Carreira, Liberato de Castro. His

Still-incomplete classic biography of an outstanding, . . oo

slave-holding society. perioDigest doofBrazil. N10, . p. annual reports on government finance,

sentative of the Brazilian Nordeste’s patriarchal and toria hnanceiva, reRO TOG do im6518. P ontes, Car los. Tavares Bastos (Au- presenting budgets, income and expenditure, and exreliano Candido), 1839-1875. Sao Paulo, change rates. Income includes value of export and

1939. 360 p. (Biblioteca pedagogica import duties; export values are discriminated by

brasileira. Série 5. Brasiliana 136). product.

republic uncrificay powellby biography a reer and 6526. Manuel. O bangué republi enced the crpattern of Diegues localJunior, autonomy oo

of the nineteenth-century United States. has Alagoas ° Tragos da influencia do sis

. ; tema economico do engenho de acucar

6519. Rebelo, Edgardo de Castro. Maua, na vida e na cultura regional. Pref. de

restaurando a verdade. Rio, 1932. 202 p. Gilberto Freyre. Rio, 1949. 288 p. illus.,

A refutation of Alberto de Faria’s hagiographic biogra- map., bibl

phy of Mauda. Castro Rebélo sees in two factors the Pj aa al hist £ the Nordest

major elements of Maua’s success as entrepreneur: lex tre Hee ite | IStOry Or me “NOrces eat bois comcollaboration of the Banco Maua and the Imperial slavery, and folklore.

his close ties to Conservative politicians, and the close plex treating its impact upon economy, social relations,

polucs. Java. Report on coffee culture in Amergovernment in the policy of intervention in Uruguayan 6527, Laerne, C. F. van Delden. Brazil and

6520. Souza, José A. Soares de. A vida do ica, Asia and Africa. London, 1885. 637

visconde do Uruguai, 1807-1866. Sao p. illus., maps.

Paulo, 1944. 664 p. illus. (Biblioteca A classic of economic reporting on late-empire Brazil, pedagégica brasileira. Sér. 5. Brasiliana {m slavery and immigration to commerce and bank-

243) ne ine maior contribution as a—comprehensive oar ; analysis of the economics of coffee soils, techniques,

pata and cogumented biowraphy of one of the ming labor costs, output and productivity

the domestic turmoil of the 1840’s and the cessation of 6528. Milliet, Sergio. Roteiro do-café e

602 SINCE INDEPENDENCE outros ensaios. Contribuicao para o American entrepreneurs as a major factor in the conestudo da histéria econdmica e social tinuance of me iolawed by Brasil after 1831, when

do Brasil. SAo Paulo, 1939. 188 p. WAS OMNCTBAY OOM EN i

Documented analysis of interrelationship of coffee 6536. Ianni, Octavio. AS metamorfoses do agriculture and demography in Sao Paulo until 1935. escravo. Apogeu e crise da escravatura

6529. Monbeig, Pierre. Pionniers et plan- no Brasil meridional. Sao Paulo, 1962. teurs de Sao Paulo. Paris, 1952. 376 p. 312 p. illus., maps. (Cahiers de la Fondation 4 sociologist examines the pattern of slavery and its Nationale des Sciences Politiques 28). dissolution in Parana and generalizes about the nature

Penetration and develooment of th free fronti of slavery and its impact upon Brazilian society, past in Sao Paulo since 1880. A classic study of the French and present.

school of human geography. For nineteenth-century 6537. Lloyd, Christopher. The navy and

materials, see p. 81-120. the slave trade. London, 1949. 314 p. illus., maps. 6. Slavery, Slave Trade, Abolitionism Comprehensive study of the British navy’s unsung role in suppressing the trade, including details on U.S.

Brazilian slave trade. JNH. v. 10, Oct., ‘US . 1925: 607-637. 6538. Luz, Nicia V. A administragao provin-

6530. Adams, Jane E. The abolition of the participation in both the illegal Brazilian and Cuban

Argues that external pressure, the Aberdeen act of ciai de S. Paulo em face do movimento 1845 giving British warships authorization to seize abolicionista. RADSP. v. 2, dez., 1948: Brazilian slave ships in Brazilian territorial waters, 80-100

forced Brazilian authorities to Aend slaveof thetrade. so, ~; carefulthe examination reaction of Sao ,; Paulo’s 6531. Alexander, Herbert B. Brazilian and planter political elite to the threat of abolition. ConUnited States slavery compared. JNH. patio, a current of immigration already established,

v. 7, Oct., 1922: 349-364. ”

Early comparative analysis, concluding that Brazilian and the freedmen abandoned. oo slavery was “‘softer, . . . less brutal” than the U.S. 6539. Malheiros, Agostinho M. Perdigao.

variety, if less efficient. A escravidao no Brasil. Ensaio histérico-

6532. Costa, Emilia Viotti da. Escravidio _juridico-social. Rio, 1944. 2 v. 7

Bea Se, ee Sn

nas areas cafeeiras. Aspectos economi- ot Tee bea for emancipation via legislation: the

Ca sistema e€ScCraviSta. ao aulo, . -

on do sist e co Ogicos da oe sagreda- ‘“ventre livre.’ Important documentary appendixes.

A study of in thethe last decades of slavery 1-19 ”eo, ° a, °, Ys : in comprehensive Brazil, the coffee phase Paraiba valley — 151-196. Oeste Paulista. Good summary of abolitionism, which emphasizes the . — role of the emperor, minimizes that of the Catholic

6533. Estrada, Osorio Duque. A abolicao church, and points to the presence of large numbers (esboco hist6rico), 1831-1888. Rio, 1918. of free Negroes and mulattoes before abolition as a An abolitionist tries to clarify the abolitionist move- 6541. Mathieson, William L. Great Britain ment in Brazil and to pinpoint the most vocal defenders and the slave trade 1839-1865. London,

328 p. actor of subsequent peaceful integration.

of slavery. 1929. 203 p.

6534. Graham, Richard. Causes for the Details on Brazilian civil and official resistance to abolition of Negro slavery in Brazil: an SUPPression of the slave trade.

interpretive essay. HAHR. v. 46, May, 6542. Menucci, Sud. O precursor do abo-

1966: 123-137. licionismo no Brazil (Luiz Gama). Sao

Reviewing secondary literature, the author suggests Pauio, 1938. 250 p. that the combination of modern-minded entrepreneurs — One of the rare biographies of Brazilian abolitionists.

and army officers, ruraldemands jabor gc duiremen's. Brush Gama (d. 1882), an ex-slave, advocated militant rather pressure, and the of an emergent urban lv lesislati ‘on.

society account for the strength of abolitionism and than purely legislative acon ae

the parliamentary decision to emancipate Brazil’s 6543. Nabuco, Joaquim. O abolicionismo.

Slaves in 1888. Sao Paulo, 1938. 248 p.

6535. Hill, Lawrence F. The abolition of A leading abolitionist and patrician defines (1883) the African slave trade to Brazil. HAHR i razit an apontion sm aon the done rae omy tithe.

’ ’ orce or, but also u ralizin itico-

v. 11, May, 1931: 169-197. socioeconomic ramifications of slavery. Fundamental

Singles out the connivance of Brazilian and North _ study.

BRAZIL, THE EMPIRE 603 6544. Ramos, Artur. Castigos de escravos. 6552. Freyre, Gilberto. Ingleses no Brasil.

RMSP. ano 4, 1938: 79-103. Aspectos da influéncia britanica sobre

A Brazilian specialist in race relations documents the a vida, a paisagem e a cultura do Brasil.

cruelty of Brazilian masters toward their slaves. Pref. de Octavio Tarquinio de Sousa.

6545. Ricciardi, Adelino R. Parnaiba, o Rio, 1948. 394 p. illus., map. (Colecao pioneiro da imigracao. RMSP. v. 4, 1938: Documentos brasileiros 58).

137-184. Well-documented, often fascinating essays on the

Biography of Anténio de Queiroz Telles, planter and English in early nineteenth-century Brazil, their inpolitician (1831-1888), who stimulated the flow of fluence in communications, commerce, and diplomacy.

Italian immigrants to Sao Paulo coffee plantations ¢§5§53_ Freyre, Gilberto. Sobrados e mucam-

before abolition. . bos. Decadéncia do patriarcado rural e

6546. Santos, José M. dos. Os republicanos — desenvolvimento do urbano. 2. ed. Rio,

paulistas e a abolicao. Rio, 1942. 325 p. 1951. 3 v. illus. (His Introducao a his-

A dissection of abolitionist and slave-holding interests toria da sociedade patriarcal no Brasil 2). in the Sao Paulo Republican party (PRP) that explains — see also The mansions and the shanties: the making

the PRP’s equivocal position on slave emancipation, of modern Brazil, Harriet de Onis, trans. (N. Y.,

1873-1885. Fundamental work. 1963). Continuation of The masters and the slaves in

6547. Stein, Stanley J. Vassouras, a Brazil- subject matter and style into the nineteenth century,

ian coffee county, 1850-1900. Cam- tracing the rural patriarchal family in the Nordeste.

. , ’. Seo ‘ This and Freyre’s The masters and themaps slaves represent bridge, Mass., 316 contribution p. illus., , mabe “1: | or ’ "9 * 1957. major to the study of Brazilian

(Harvard historical studies 69). society until the twentieth century. *

Slavery, plantation agriculture, and society in the F : ‘Co: . coffee phase of the Paraiba valley, through the prism 6554. Freyre, Gilberto. Social life in Brazil of a representative community. Me ee the guneteenth century.

ears .v. 5, Nov., 1 : — ,

oN Wheelin Pana \ aie treatment ° A remarkably sensitive panorama of Brazil, its people, egro Slaveswith ‘th the St States. ‘es JNH. Bibliography sights, and smells, and one of Freyre’s best articles. comparison theUnited United appended.

v. 15, July, 1930: 315-336. 6555. Matos, Odilon Nogueira de. A cidade

Argues that the Roman Catholic church, ease of = de S40 Paulo no seculo xix. RHSP ano manumission, lack of color prejudice, 6. ian.—junho. 1955:junno, 89-125. I oe racial hospitality» made the lotand of “‘broad Brazilian slaves » Jan.

“rather better.”” Examination of factors of urbanization in Sao Paulo: coffee, railroads, and European immigration.

7. Race, Immigration, Colonization 6556. Queiroz, Maria I. Pereira de. A es6549. Bastide, Roger, and Florestan Fer- tratificagao a mobiidade Social Paraiba nandes. RelacOes raciais entre negros entre 1850 = 1888 RHSP. ano 1. abril-

e brancos em Sao Paulo. Sao Paulo, 1955.

ar , im Class structure, slavery, and social relations between

The chapter Color and Social Structure” presents coffee planters and slaves in a coffee growing area of an excellent re-interpretation of master-slave rela- pineteenth-century Brazil. The author sees planters as tions, color prejudice, racial discrimination, and social patriarchs and notes the apparent cleavage among cof-

Stratification in nineteenth-century Brazil. . fee planters, some traditionalists, and others inno-

6550. Carneiro, José Fernando. [migracao vative.

e colonizacao no Brasil. Rio, 1950.60 p. 6557. Roche, Jean. La colonisation alle-

' ntroduction ilus., maps. | hist to ¢ Brazilian immierati et le Rioimmigration Grande do Sul. Paris, the history ofmande Brazilian . -_

since 1808 and to the colonization of south Brazil. 1959. , 696 P. illus., Maps, bibl. (Uni

. x : Institut des Hautes Etudes de lAmé-

6551. Davatz. Thomas. Memorias de um versite de Paris. Travaux et mémoires de colono no Brasil (1850). Tr. pref. e notas rique Latine 3)

de Sergio Buarque de Holanda. Sao Classic interdisciplinary presentation, by a represenPaulo, ‘1941. 276 Pp. (Biblioteca historica tative of the French school of human geography, of brasileira Direcgao de Rubens Borba _ the formation of a “civilisation composée” (Teuto-

de Moraes). Brazilian) in Rio Grande do Sul. A study of German

A de Moraes). colonist inveighs against Senator colonization: settlement patterns, agriculture, trade, Vergueiro’s attempt to introduce free European dustry, politics, and history.

laborers into Sao Paulo, 1847-1857. Buarque de . eae ~ Holanda’s preface is a basic introduction to the prob- 6558. Willems, Emilio. Aculturagao dos

lems of nineteenth-century rural S40 Paulo. alemaes no Brasil. Sao Paulo, 1946. 609

604 SINCE INDEPENDENCE p. illus. (Brasiliana 250). Comprehensive popularization of Rio Grande do Sul’s

t ] ] ily. _- . _-

A pioneer comprehensive study of the interpenetra- reaction to the conservative, centralizing empire of tion of German immigrants and Brazilian culture and the 1830's.

society since the early nineteenth century, which 6566. Leal, Aurelino Historia constitustresses t e role o smal Property and the family | cional do Brazil. Rio, 1915. 254 p.

6559. Willems, Emilio. Immigrants and their A fundamental treatment of the monarchical constitu-

assimilation in Brazil. Jn T. Lynn Smith tion of 1824 and its vicissitudes. The last chapter and Alexander Marchant. eds. Brazil: touches upon the republican constitution of 1891.

portrait of half a continent. N.Y., 1951. 6567. Prado, Caio. Evolugao politica do

p. 209-226. Brasil. Ensaio de interpretacao dialética

Introduction to Brazilian immigration. da hist6ria brasileira. 2. ed. Sao Paulo, 1947. 203 p. 8. Ideas An economic historian seeks the dominant factors in 6560. Barros, Roque Spencer Maciel de. A. Brazilian history ina stimulating essay. Ch. 3 and 4 ilustracdo brasileira e a idéia de universi- @"4lyze the regional uprisings (1831—1850) and the dade. Sao Paulo, 1959. 411 p. bibl ((Uni- role of slavery in the politics of the empire.

versidade de Sao Paulo. Faculdade de 6568. Sousa, Octavio T. de. Historia dos Filosofia]. Historia e filosofia da edu- fundadores do império do Brasil. Rio,

cacao. Boletim 241, no. 2). 1957-1958. 10 v. illus., maps.

A brilliant, documented analysis of the concept of uni- _V- 1, José Bonifacio; v. 2-4, A vida de D. Pedro I (the versity education in Brazilian liberal ideology, 1868- best study extant); v. 5, Bernardo Pereira de Vascon-

1911, which the author considers a belated Brazilian Celos; v. 6, Evaristo da Veiga; v. 7, Diogo Antonio “enlightenment” for its faith in the power of ideas, Feijo; v. 8, Tres golpes de estado; v. 9, Fatos e per-

. ibliografia. 6561. Costa, Joao Cruz. A history of ideas a ~ 3 science, and education as innovative force. soraeens en torno de um regime; v. 10, Indices e

in Brazil. The development of philosophy ante , Sousa. Oetavio do. ce Introdugao im

in Brazil and the evolution of national Br sil. Rio. 1957 "4 Ores Oc aderno d

history. Tr. from the Portuguese by Su- sity 9) . 43 p. (Os cadernos de

zette Macedo. Berkeley, 1964. 427 p. cultura 109). _,

A pioneer study of the interplay of ideas and Brazilian 9 ©munent Brazilian biographer offers his interprereality in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. At ‘ton of biography in history, with illustrations from the core of the work is an excellent documented analy- Brazilian history of the period 1820-1840.

sis of positivism in Brazil. 6570. Varela, Alfredo. Historia da grande

6562. Torres, Joao C. de Oliveira. O posi- revolucao: o cyclo farroupilha no Brazil.

tivismo no Brasil. Petropolis, 1943. 257 p. Porto Alegre, 1933.6 v. maps. |

A neo-Thomist examines polemically positivism in More than a perceptive reconstruction of the SulrioBrazil, philosophy and schisms, principal represen- grandense revolt, this work illuminates basic crosstatives, and influence upon the politics of the late currents of frustrated sectionalism and republicanism empire and early republic. Preface by Euralo Canna- in post-1831 Brazil. Fundamental for understanding

3 V. ,

brava.. Brazil’s political instability and Rio de la Plata dia aoe plomacy, 1831-1848.

6563. Vianna, Hélio. Contribuicao a his- . . , | téria da imprensa brasileira, 1812— 6571. Vianna Filho, Luiz. A Sabinada (a Re-

1869. Rio, 1945. 664 p. ° publica bahiana de 1837). Rio, 1938. 210

Indispensable introduction to Brazilian newspapers p. (Colegao Documentos brasileiros 8).

and newspapermen of the period. Well-written account of Bahia’s republican and separatist uprising that lasted four months, one of many

9. First Reign: 1822-1840 Brazilian regional upheavals, 1831-1849.

6564. Calogeras, Joao Pandia. A politica ex- 10. Second Reign: 1840-1889 terior do imperio. Sao Paulo, 1927-1933.

I. As origens; II. O primeiro reinado. III. Da regencia 6572. Affonso Celso, Affonso Celso de Assis a queda de Rozas. Basic volumes on Brazilian foreign Figueiredo, conde de. Visconde de Ouro

policy (1822-1852). Although lacking scholarly ap- Preto (excerptos biographicos). Porto

paratus, the text suggests the wide variety of source Alegre, 1935. 438 p.

materials consulted. Apologia of the last prime minister of the empire, a

6565. Laytano, Dante de. Hist6ria da Re- Liberal. Appendixes include his analysis of the role of publica rio-grandense, 1835-1845. Pérto the military in the overthrow of the empire.

Alegre, 1936. 352 p. bibl. 6573. Almeida, Aluisio de [pseud.]. A revo-

BRAZIL, THE EMPIRE 605 lugao liberal de 1842. Rio, 1944. 261 p. de republica no Brasil. Rio, 1891. 188 p. (Colecao Documentos brasileiros 46). An eyewitness account of the coming of the republic

The revolt of one sector of the Brazilian oligarchy, that finds the military alienated from the imperial sysPaulista and Mineiro, against Conservative control of tem after 1880.

the empire’s political machinery. 6582. Graham, Richard. Os fundamentos da 6574. Almeida, Tito Franco de. O Conse- ruptura de relacdes diplomaticas entre o

lheiro Francisco José Furtado. Biografia Brasil e a Gra-Bretanha em 1863: a e estudo de hist6éria politica contempo- questao Christie. RHSP. v. 24, jan.— ranea. Rio, 1944. 420 p. (Brasiliana 245). marco, 1962: 117-137, and v. 24, abril-—

A Liberal monarchist, via the biography of a Liberal junho, 1962: 349-401.

politician, attacks (1867) the emperor’s excessive in- Detailed coverage of the last Anglo-Brazilian clash

tervention in the political process of the Segundo (1862-1863) over Brazil’s tardiness in terminating

Reinado. the slave trade,. 1831-. Brazil’s successful resistance . to minister Christie’s intimidation is considered a

6575. . Barbosa, Ru y: Queda do imperio sign of Brazil’s effective liberation from British tute-

Diario de noticias.” Rio, 1921. 2 v. lage.

Barbosa, a parliamentary monarchist and newspaper oo. ; editor, resolved to liberalize the monarchy, andinthe 6583. Instituto Historico e Geografico Bracourse of newspaper articles, here reproduced, he sileiro. Contribuicdes para a biographia helped destroy it. A long introduction by Ruy Bar- de D. Pedro II. Rio, 1925. 994 p.

bosa. A volume commemorating the centenary of Pedro’s 6576. Bastos, Aureliano C. Tavares. Cartas _ birth, containing in ch. 2 articles on many aspects of

do solitario. 2. ed. Rio, 1862. 163 p the empire by often uncritical historians.

A Liberal expounds (1862) on administrative reform, 6584. José, Oiliam. A propaganda republiime state and the church, slavery, and free navigation cana em Minas. Belo Horizonte, 1960.

orine AmaZon. 180 p. bibl. (Estudos sociales e politicos

6577. Bastos, Aureliano C. Tavares. Os 12).

siliana , .

males do presente e as esperancas do A are regional study of the development of republifuturo. SAo Paulo, 1939. 333 p. (Biblio- canism. Concludes that the Minas republicans pre-

" oe cite: lan _ ferred to attack the foibles of the Imperial family

aren pewagogica brasileira. Serie 5. Bra rather than develop a coherent ideology. A Liberal politician in a series of essays (1861-1872) 6585. Luz, Nicia V. O papel das classes

on immigration, the Liberal party, and electoral re- medias brasileiras no movimento reform, pinpoints the weaknesses of Brazil, seeking to publicano. RHSP. v. 28, jan.—marco, lay the foundations of a more modern country. 1964: 13-27.

~ ses in ili icanism, argui

6578. Bastos, Aureliano C. Tavares. O vale Sarees in iracilian recubheaen on vine that twa

do Amazonas. 2. ed. Sao Paulo, 193 7. sectors — one seeking to restore, the other to destroy — 44 I p. (Biblioteca pedagogica brasileira. semifeudal institutions, collaborated briefly to found

Série 5. Brasiliana 106). the republic.

A Liberal tract (1866) favoring opening of the Amazon . ear

to international use, in the interest of Brazilian devel- 6586. Ly ra, Heitor - Historia da queda do

opment. império. Sao Paulo, 1964. 2 v. (Brasiliana ~ . . ~ 320, 320A).

pedagog an Dy at

6579. Dornas, Joao. Silva Jardim. Sao Paulo. A comprehensive, scholarly, and provocative syn1936. 190 p. (Biblioteca pedagégica bra- thesis of the fall of the empire, by a distinguished

sileira. Série 5. Brasiliana 65). diplomat and historian. The republic is viewed as the

A sympathetic account of the radical abolitionist and | Product of a military cabal, masterminded by Benjamin

republican who believed that popular agitation rather Constant.

than military conspiracy would bring the republic 6587, Magalhiaes, Basilio de. D. Pedro II e

without the dangers of militarism. a igreja catélica. In Estudos de histéria 6580. Dornas, Joao. O padroado e a igreja do Brasil. p. 89-162. brasileira. S40 Paulo, 1938. 301 p.(Bra- Sympathetic treatment of Pedro's regalism in the

siliana 125) religious question of the 1870's, viewed as a product of

A balanced documented treatment of Brazil’s gallican- ecelesias tical reaction to the spread of Freemasonry ultramontane conflict of the 1870’s, in which the mm ieraZi".

author sees eato II as an inveterate regalist,and the 6588. Magalhaes, Raymundo. Tres panfle-

Brazilian bishops asdo hotheaded and ignorant of theSao ss . ~Paulo ; ie tarios segundo Reinado. unaggressive nature of Brazilian Freemasonry. : nae ? . newes Y 1956. 277 p. illus. (Brasiliana 286). 6581. Fialho, Anfrisio. Historia da fundacao New edition of key political tracts of the first half of

606 SINCE INDEPENDENCE the Segundo Reinado, O Libelo do povo (1849), Acao, and the political incompetence of the monarchy.

reacao, transagado (1855), and A Conferencia dos . : . divinos (1867), with illuminating biographical essays 6597. Ottoni, Theofilo B. Circular dedicado on their authors by an authority on nineteenth-century aos snrs. eleitor es de senadores pela pro-

Brazilian history. vincia de Minas Gerais. Prefacio por

6589. Marinho, José A. Historia do movi- Alberto da Cunha Horta. 4. ed. Rio,

mento politico quess no .anno de 1842candidate A 1930. 168 Pp. (1860) reviews in detail pol; . iberal reviews in detail thethepoli-

reve Mugar na provincia de Minas Gerais. tics of Conservative centralization (1831-) and offers - €d. NIO, 193 9. 398 p. his reform program. Documents in text. The rebellion of Liberal oligarchs treated sympathetically by one of their leaders, a Mineiro cleric. 6598. Palmer, Thomas W. A momentous

« 9 bed ~ a

6590. Martin, Percy A. Causes of the col decade in Brazilian administrative his-

lapse of the Brazilian empire. HAHR. v. 1920. OT. HAHR. v. 30, May 4, Feb.,review 1921: 4-48. development of a strong bureaucracy A classic of the The crumbling foundations of the :centralizing wes Brazilian monarchy in the 1880’s: the alienation of as a reaction to the Additional Act of 1834.

Slaveowners, churchmen, Liberal-Conservative par- 6599, Quintas, Amaro. AntOnio Pedro de ese ane te, military. The coming of the republic was Figueiredo, o Cousin Fusco. RHSP. v.

a _ 34, 1958: 287-304.

6591. Mello, Américo Braziliense de Al- Intellectual biography of a Brazilian socialist and remeida e. Os programas dos partidos e o publican revolutionary, contributor to O Progresso 0 imperio Exposicao de principi Os of Recife, and participant in the Revolucao praieira of

~ ; .Paulo, ° 1848-1849. Sao 1878. 205, lvi p. ; , ;

Brief presentation of the background of the parties 6600. Quintas, Amaro. O sentido social founded between 1831 and 1878, followed by their da revolucao praieira. Ensaio de inter-

statement of principles. pretagao. Recife, 1961. 79 p. (Colegao6592. Monteiro, Tobias do Rego. Pesquisas Doxa 1).

e depoimentos para a historia. Rio, 1913. Documented socioeconomic analysis of the last (1848—

366 p. 1849) major uprising under the empire, here examined

Thoughtful essays on the fall of the empire: the mili- carlier orplosio "1 Me gop ular aspirations.” Published

tary, abolition, and events of the day of revolt (15 ,

November 1888). 6601. Soares, Alvaro Teixeira. Mauda, o

6593. Moraes, Evaristo de. Da monarchia Uruguai e o Brasil 1851-1875. RIHGB.

para a reptblica, 1870-1889. Rio, 1936. v. 209, out.—dez., 1950: 3-213. .

222 p. illus. A diplomat defends Brazilian finance and foreign

A review of the overthrow of the empire, stressing the policy in the Rio de la Plata from 1852 to the collapse “republicanization”’ of the military well before 1889. of banker Maua’s enterprises in Uruguay in 1875.

6594. Nabuco, Joaquim. Um estadista do 6602. Thornton, Maria C. The church and

império. Nabuco de Araujo, sua vida, freemasonry in Brazil, 1872-1875. A suas Opinides, sua época. nova ed. Sao study in regalism. Washington, 1948.

Paulo, 1936. 2 v. illus. 287 p. bibl. .

A distinguished monarchist of the republic offers the Abie ee ary defense of the ueramontane Poswon biography of his distinguished father (1813-1878), '” t ta and lan i eater nts of ae ; B70". the “he government minister, senator, councillor of state, and loro ane esti regalist Currents of the 5, The Telawyer of the empire. A fundamental study of the po- Igious quesuion.

teal role of the planter elite of the nineteenth cen- 6603. Torres, Joao C. de Oliveira. A de-

y ae mocracia coroada (teoria politica do Im-

6595. O Progresso. Revista social, literaria pério do Brasil). Rio, 1957. 589 p. (Coe scientifica. Pref. de Amaro Quintas. lecio Documentos brasileiros 93).

Recife, 1950. A political theorist and historian of ideas presents a

This periodical (in facsimile) is a major source of brilliant, documented, new-yet-old analysis of the liberal and revolutionary aspirations leading to Recife’s development of ideology and institutions of the em-

Revolucao praieira, 1848-1849. pire.

6596. Ottoni, Carlos H. B. O advento dare- 6604. Vianna, Francisco J. de Oliveira. O oc-

publica no Brasil. Rio, 1890. 136 p. caso do império. Sao Paulo, 1925. 212 p.

A contemporary review of the factors undermining Magisterial analysis of political factors in the colthe imperial regime: slave emancipation, the growth lapse of the empire, 1868-1889: liberalism, republiof democratic idealism, the discontent of the military, canism and federalism, abolitionism, and militarism.

BRAZIL, THE REPUBLIC 607 Has deeply influenced the historiography of the em- CP. ano 4, maio, 1944: 151-190.

pire. Sympathetic biography of an indefatigable political 6605. Vianna, Hélio. O “Reptblico” An- journalist and inveterate republican under the regency

tonio Borges da Fonseca (1808-1872). 2dempire.

R. Brazil, the Republic JOHN D. WIRTH

As contemporary history has only recently come into favor among Brazilian historians, the historiography of Brazil since 1889 is, not surprisingly, quite meager. Until 1945, moreover, it was extremely difficult to grasp intellectually the crosscurrents of change and continuity that have run so turbulently through the Republican period. Suffice it to say that the older image of a Brazil overshadowed by North Atlantic culture has been replaced decisively by one of a developing society caught in self-conscious modernization. From this new outlook, much of what previously was obscure in contemporary history is now open to analysis. For this reason, research by other social scientists — mostly Brazilians, who have developed the conceptual tools that historians require —is cited in the bibliography below: in politics, Nunes Leal (6618), Jaguaribe (6734), and Guerreiro Ramos (6742); in economic history, Furtado (817); and in social change, Costa Pinto (6653), Wagley (6749), Lambert (6617), and the Sao Paulo sociologists. To write contemporary history is in large measure to test their insights and concepts with detailed monographic research.

The Old Republic (1889-1930) is by general agreement a defined historical period, yet only four major works—Bello (6613), Assis Barbosa (6671), Freyre (6702), and Melo Franco (6730)—have appeared, and of these important syntheses none is definitive. With some notable exceptions, the literature of this period is dominated by biographies, memoiristic accounts, and what must be called inspired essays. The lacunae, in short, are numerous. Political history is relatively well covered. Almost every aspect of the political system, however, from republican consolidation (1889-1902) to the belle époque

(1902-1910) to decline (1910-1930), needs detailed examination. Regional history is an important field, as yet largely unworked: Levine et al. (6608). Intellectual history, which has recently been the subject of some research — Cruz Costa

(6662), Vita (6668), Iglésias (6665), and Skidmore (6716)—appears to be well launched. But few of the gaps in “Old Republican” historiography yawn more deeply than those in social and economic history; see Vilela Luz (6585), Dean (6646), and Freyre (6702). Large topics of current interest, as, for example, the social effects of inflation discussed in Furtado (817) and Costa Pinto (6653) and institution-building—education, public health, the miulitary—need to be studied. Finally, urban and demographic history (Morse, 834) are almost untouched.

A spate of recent works on the 1964 revolution seems to indicate that this

608 SINCE INDEPENDENCE event like the 1930 revolution, on which also much ink was spilled, is now considered a major turning point. The personality, career, and influence of Gettl10 Vargas bulk large, and the perimeter of his epoch extends, logically, from 1930 to 1964. Like the Old Republic before it, this Vargas epoch was made historical by a great national crisis.

Despite the lack of monographic and other studies on the first Vargas era (1930-1945), historians will find that researchers from other disciplines have already been surveying the terrain and, by default, setting up their own historical benchmarks. Should this era be interpreted as an extended middle-class revolution, which, after replacing the coffee oligarchy in 1930, perpetuated itself administratively in the neofascist Estado Novo, only to be superseded (after 1943) as Vargas, himself, turned to populism: Jaguaribe (6734)? Or, rather, was it

a mixture of old and new groups, coupled with regional power centers, which sustained Vargas’ long presidency: Carone (6726)? Industrialization may well have been the unforeseen byproduct of declining import capacity and coffee pump-priming, Furtado (817), but what was the role of pressure groups, then rapidly becoming institutionalized, Stein (6480), and economic nationalism in the process of industrialization? Finally, the outlines exist for an intellectual history of the thirties: Cruz Costa (6662) and Guerreiro Ramos (6742). Memotrs, both published, Rocha Netto (6743) and Castilho Cabral (6721), and in preparation, Valladares and Café Filho, are bringing to light many previously obscure episodes in political history since 1937. Secondary works now forthcoming will soon enrich the historiography of postwar Brazil. In short, there is every reason to expect that this period, and indeed the Republican period as a whole, will receive the detailed, professional attention it merits.

I. Bibliographies and Historiography (Joseph Love), and national history John D. Wirth). Included are sections on local archives, manuscript

6606. Lacombe, Américo J. Brasil, periodo sources, and suggested topics for historical research.

. Lys _ Noteworthy, also, is della Cava’s annotated bibliog-

nacional. Mexico, 1956. | 66 p. (P ro raphy of Northeastern history, by states. The book grama de historia de America 3. Periodo concludes with four appendixes, including a com-

nacional 1). plete list of Brazilian research institutes.

Invaluable bibliographical references are included with .

a brief survey of the Old Republic. See also his “L’e- 6609. Santos, Francisco Ruas. Fontes para a

volution politique du Brésil au xx°, siécle,” Journal of historia da F.E.B. Rio, 1958. 154 p.

World History, v. 8, pt. 2, 1964: 255-278, for a short (Biblioteca do exército). political history and appended bibliography. A complete bibliography on the Brazilian Expedition-

. Leite, . “Ly:Aureliano. ary ForceBibliografia to 1958. da revo- - a 6607. lucio constitucionalista. RHSP. v. 25, 6610. Vianna, Hélio. Atuais tendéncias da no. 51, julho-set., 1961: 145-166. historiografia brasileira. RIB. v. 13, Jan.-

A complete listing of the enormous body of literature Mar., 1963: 30-59.

on the 1932 Sao Paulo revolt. (There is nothing com- For the Republican period there is a good check list of

parable for material on the 1930 revolution.) biographies, memoirs, and depoimentos published

. after 1930.

6608. Levine, Robert M., ed. Brazil: field

N.Y., 1966. 298 p. 2. General research guide in the social sciences.

Of the eleven articles by young American scholars, . . “ote three are on Brazilian history, one each being on the 6611. Andr ade, Almir de. Contribuigao a Northeast (Ralph della Cava), Rio Grande do Sul historia administrativa do Brasil na Re-

BRAZIL, THE REPUBLIC 609 publica até o ano de 1945. Rio, 1950.2 v. 6618. Nunes Leal, Victor. Coronelismo, enbibl. xada e voto: 0 municipio e o regime Very useful historical summaries of legislation by representativo no Brasil. Rio, 1948. 311

topics. p. bibl.

6612. Bausbaum, Leéncio. Histéria sincera sae classic study of coronelismo and Brazilian local

da Republica. 2. ed. Sao Paulo, 1962. ® 3 v. bibl.

Useful interpretations, along with ungoverned com- 3. Sources

ments and many bibliographical references, are to be

found in these volumes written by an ex-Communist 6619. Abranches, Dunshee de. Actas e actos and political observer since 1930. V. 1 Das origens do Govérno Provisério: cépias auténticas

até 1889: v.2 de 1889 a 1930; v. ; de 1930 a 1960. dos protocolos das sessoes secretas do

6613. Bello, Jose M. A history of modern Conselho de Ministros desde a proclaBrazil, 1889-1964. James L. Taylor, tr., macéo da Reptblica até a organizaca4o with a new concluding chapter by Rollie do gabinete Lucena, acompanhadas de E. Poppino. Stanford, 1966. 362 p. maps, importantes revelacdes e documentos.

bibl. a | | Rio, 1907. 402 p.

The fourth Brazilian edition of this standard history Parts of this famous transcript of ministerial debates has been translated and thoroughly re-edited for during the Provisional Government (1889-1891) may English-language readers. Most of the book (278 p.)is be spurious or tampered with, or so Ruy Barbosa a political history of the Empire’s fall and the Old Re- charged.

public, while the sections on Vargas (by Bello) and . ;

1954-1964 (by Poppino) are stimulating essays. Much 6620. Almeida, Jose A. de. A palavra e o

information on financial and monetary policies is tempo 1937-1945-1950. Rio, 1965. 325

included. p. (Colecao Documentos brasileiros 120). 6614. Carneiro, Glauco. Histéria das revo- and high cificiat in both the cucie wet est Varvas aa lugoes brasileiras. Rio, 1965. 2 v. illus., ministrations has included speeches from his 1937

bibl. presidential campaign, the 1945 interview with Carlos

These brief, well-written chapters are not based on —_ Lacerda, and excerpts from legislative debates until original research, but they are generally the best sec- 1950. Considering José Américo’s long public career, ondary source available on post-1889 coups, uprisings, _ the range of selections is disappointing.

barracks revolts, insurrections, and revolutionary ;

movements — all of which are in Brazilian usage called 6621. Azevedo, Jose Mendonca de. Elaboranrevolutions. do a constituigao nacional. Belo Hori-

6615. Johnson, John J. Brazil. In Political ppeonte, 1933. 1312p.

change in Latin America, the emergence e welter of political and intellectual crosscurrents

th ‘ddl 153-179 postrevolutionary Brazil is revealed in offthe middie sectors.that p. oobuffeted this lengthy verbatim transcript of debates between

Stimulating historical treatment of the Brazilian mid- Oswaldo Aranha, Gées Monteiro, Afranio de Mello dle groups, which have not had the political impact of — Franco, and Oliveira Vianna, men who (among others

their Argentine, Chilean, Mexican, and Uruguayan on the Commission) drafted a new model constitution

counterparts. Excellent bibliography. in 1933. 6616. Lambert, Jacques. Os dois Brasis. 6622. Barbosa, Ruy. Escritos e discursos

Rio, 1959.288p. . seletos. SelecAo, organizacao e notas de

fanflvential theoretical discussion of the social and po- Virginia Cértes de Lacerda. Rio, 1960.

itical consequences attendant the lagAl-between 133 alibl. bj (Biblioteca eaae developing urban and archaic ruralupon structures. I | Pp. UIUS., Lusothough simplistic, this dualistic approach is highly Brasileira. Série brasileira 19).

stimulating. Tr. of his Le Brésil, structure sociale et | Useful selections, and a handy checklist for the Obras

institutions politiques (Paris, 1953). completas (Rio, 1942-). 6617. Morazé, Charles. Les trois ages du 6623. Dantas, Francisco C. de San Tiago. Brésil: essai de politique. Paris, 1954. Politica externa independente. Rio, 1962. 198 p. illus. (Cahiers de la Fondation Na- 258 p. tionale des Sciences Politiques 51). Documents and speeches relating to Brazil’s inde-

Lucid analysis of Brazilian politics from 1889 to pendent foreign policy line while San Tiago Dantas

Gettlio Vargas’s 1950 presidential campaign. Always Was foreign minister in the Goulart government.

stimulating, sometimes wrong (as for example his : . A at

equation of tenentismo with the positivist legacy), 6624. Floriano: MemMornas € documentos.

Morazé’s views on the Old Republic, the Estado Ed. por Artur Vieira Peixoto et al. Rio,

Novo, and the development of urban politics after 1939-1941. 6 v. to date. illus., bibl.

1945 are extremely valuable. Published under Estado Novo auspices, these volumes

610 SINCE INDEPENDENCE commemorate the presidency of Floriano da Fonseca, 6635. Figueiredo, Euclydes. Contribuicdo

the Consolidator of the Republic.’’ Vieira Peixoto’s para a historia da revolucado constituiography followed byregime. four other various li 9 ~Sao Paulo, 1954. 324 aspects of theisIron Marshal’s Therestudies is a richof ciona ista de. 1932. collection of documents relating to these events. p. illus., maps. . In this complete military history of the 1932 Sao 6625. Gomes, Eduar do. Campanha de liber- Paulo insurrection, by its commander, political factacao. 2. ed. Sao Paulo, 1946. 365 p. tors also are discussed.

1945 campaign by the liberal-constitutional“qein. Braist candidate P speeches * 6636. Johnson, John J. The military

. zil. In The military and society in Latin

6026. Oliveira, ‘nando de rite sormada America. Stanford, 1964. p. 175-243.

.—..-.

emocratica ISCUrsOS POHUCOS). 10, Notable in the chapters on Brazil is the treatment of

1937. 204 p. hycampaign 4 the military’s Fine 1937 presidential speechespublic which image. reflect the ~ bibliography. liberal-constitutionalist point of view.seu 6657Comandante. yoraes, Joao B. Mascarenias ac i ogee .6.b. pelo Sao Paulo,

6627. Pessoa, Epitacio. Obras completas. 1947 SAT p. illus., maps Rio, 1955~. 25 v. to 1965. a Standard account of military operations conducted in Collected addresses, debates, legal opinions, polemical —_|taly by the Brazilian Expeditionary Force. The strugpieces, and some correspondence by the former presi- gles both political and material to prepare the division

~ : , ; . p.

dent and bastion of “Old Republican” juridical cul- for combat are not included, nor is the F.E.B.’s im-

ture. His Pela verdade, a spirited defense of a stormy _ pact on the moribund Estado Novo analyzed.

pe . - santa osa Irginio. sentaod do

presidency, is included as v. 2] and 22. 6638. Santa R Virginio. O tido d

6628. Salgado, Plinio. O Integralismo pe- tenentismo Rio. 1933 189 rante a nacao. 3. ed. Rio, 1955. 229 p. A contemporary account. These articles and documents are a primary source | ;

for the Integralista movement. 6639. Simmons, Charles W. Deodoro da 662%. Vargas, Getalio. A campanha presi- Fonseca, fate’s dictator. JIAS. v. 5, Jan.,

: : 951. 665 1963: dencial. Rio, | . p. Brief.45-52. abl f Deodoro’ d dth

Interviews, speeches, and messages from Vargas’s vents | adine to hic d “4 yb " force in No an b .

campaign for the presidency, 1950. saat s leading to his deposition by force in November,

saohand argas, Getulio. © gover trapalhista 6640. Wirth, John D. Tenentismo in the € Drasil. N10, - ~ V. NUS. Brazilian Revolution of 1930. HAHR. v. Interviews, speeches, and messages dating from the A4 .M 1964: 161-179

last Vargas_ ..administration. » NO. 2, May, . . oo. The movement of young army officers and civilians

6631. Vargas, Getulio. A nova politica do who vaulted to power with Vargas in 1930 is assessed

Brasil. Rio, 1938-1944. 10 v. against a background of shifting military and political

Vargas’s principal addresses for the years 1930-1944, | Power bases. Neither leftists nor fascists, the tenentes

-_ it; , were above all authoritarian nationalists.

(ee io nerélen no Br “a pouca 964. 156 p. 6641. Young, Jordan. Military aspects of Preceding these collected speeches are interesting the 1930 Brazilian Revolution. HAHR.

commentaries by Alfredo Marques Vianna and J. v. 44, May, 1964: 180-196. .

Soares Pereira, Vargas’s advisers on the petroleum Carefully constructed account of military preparations issue. and the short revolution that toppled President Wash-

rae res . is and ld lic.

6633. Vargas, Getulio. A politica trabalhista ington Luts and the Old Republic no Brasil. Rio, 1950. 307 p.

Interviews, speeches, and messages from the later 5. Economy

years of the Estado Novo during which Vargas built

the postwar Labor party. 6642. Baer, Werner. Industrialization and

economic development in Brazil. Homeae wood, Ill., 1965. 309 p. map, bibl. (A 4, The Military and Militarism publication of the Economic Growth

6634. Carvalho, Estevao Leitao de. Dever An cater. wale in ‘of rity industrialization

militar e politica partidaria. Sao Paulo, since 1945, with many charts and data. Political and

1959. 276 p. ideological factors relating to this process are not in-

The army’s extensive political role during the turbu- — cluded.

lent 1920’s is examined by an officer whose loyalty to ; ; President Washington Luis in 1930 estranged him 6643. Bastos, Humberto. A conquista si-

from the victorious tenentes. derurgica no Brasil. Sao Paulo, 1959.

BRAZIL, THE REPUBLIC 61]

¢ , eRe

360 p. bibl. (Biblioteca de cultura econé- 6651. Camargo, José Francisco de. Exodo mica 1). rural no Brasil: formas, causas e conse-

The complex history of the industry from fledgling quéncias economicas principais. Rio, charcoal blast furnaces in the 1890’s to Volta Redonda 1960. 253 p. illus., maps, bibl. (Temas is chronicled enthusiastically and in detail. ” brasileiros 1). 6644. Boucas, Valentim F. Historia da_ The approach used in this study of the demographic, dtivida externa da uniao. 2. ed. Rio. 1950. economic, and social causes of internal migration is

sant "as Statistical and descriptive. How the migrants them-

372 P. « nselho Tecnico de Economia e selves perceive the move remains to be researched. rhe peneuernene . ¢ foreign oblivati inated Considerable amount of raw data is included. from the lengthy investigation and report on state and 6652. Cardoso, Fernando H., and Octavio municipal foreign debts that Boucas directed after the Ianni. Cor e mobilidade social em Floria-

is historical survey of foreign obligations originate a 1930 revolution. nopolis: aspectos das relacdes entre

6645. Cardoso, Fernando H. Empresario negros e brancos numa comunidade do industrial e desenvolvimento econdmico Brasil meridional. Sao Paulo, 1960. 286 no Brasil. Sao Paulo, 1964. 196 p. bibl. p. illus., bibl. (Brasiliana 307). x Cologne Corpo e almado Brasil18) 6653. Costa Pinto, Luiz de) Alguiar]. As

neurial elite—its diverse origins, its traditional atti- classes sociais no Brasil. RBCS. v. 3 » NO. tudes, its inability to develop political means for press- 1, margo, 1963: 217-247. ing its views on industrialization and economic policy. A leading sociologist analyses contemporary class Structure and suggests reasons for its development 6646. Dean, Warren. The planter as entre- since the late nineteenth-century breakup of masterpreneur: the case of Sao Paulo. HAHR. | slave society. Hypotheses that historians might apply

v. 46, May, 1966: 138-152. include the role of ideological liberalism, urbanization

The author of this provocative article decides that 2nd secular values, bureaucratization of private busifavorable economic factors, not some latter-day ban- esses and public services, and the social effects of deirante spirit in the coffee elite, produced the late inflation.

nineteenth-century Paulista boom. 6654. Fernandes, Florestan. A integracao do

6647. Hirschman, Albert O. Brazil’s North- negro na sociedade de classes. Sao Paulo, east. Jn Journeys toward progress: studies [1965]. 2 v. (Ciencias sociais Dominus 3).

of economic policy-making in Latin , . , America. NY. 1963. p. OL 6655. Léonard, Emile-G. O protestantismo

Government policies toward the Northeastern drought brasileiro: estudo de eclesiologia € de problem have developed from crisis response to plan- historia social. Lineu dé Camargo Schitning under 9 of regional and mation st polities in thie zer, tr. RHSP. v. 2, nos. 5-12, jan.-

e interp regional and nati itics _

careful study of Brazilian decision-making. mar¢o, 1951 —out.-dez., 1952. . Well-documented survey of Brazilian Protestantism

6648. Melby, John. Rubber river: anaccount byaF rench specialist on Protestant history. There is of the rise and collapse of the Amazon 4 good discussion on the social bases of the religion

. ; _ and on the use of Protestantism as a vehicle for social

rea HAHR. v. 22, Aug., 1942: 452 mobility. General survey of the rubber boom. 6656. Saito, Hiroshi. O Japonés no Brasil:

. estudo de mobilidade e fixacao. Sao 6.° ySociet Paulo, 1961. 238 p. illus., bibl. This study of Japanese-Brazilians bymaps, a leading soci-

° , 4 ~ J migration.

6649. Bastide, Roger and Florestan Fernan- ologist is fitted into the larger picture of international

des. Brancos e negros em Sao Paulo: en- apanese ermbrason saio sociologico sobre aspectos da forma-

cao, manifesta¢oes atuals. e efeitos do 7. Messianism

preconceito de cor na sociedade paulis- oo,

tana. 2. ed. Sao Paulo, 1959. 371 p.(Bra- 6657. Cunha, Euclydes da. Rebellion in the

siliana 305). backlands. Tr. from Os sert6es, with introd. and notes by Samuel Putnam.

6650. Burns, E. Bradford. Manaus, 1910: Chicago, 1944. xxxii, 526 p. illus., bibl.

portrait of a boom town. JIAS. v. 7, A classic in the literature on messianic movements,

July, 1965: 400-421. this famous account of the Canudos campaign in-

Evocative sketch of the Amazon rubber capital inthe | cludes Cunha’s sharply critical opinion of the New Re-

year it was poised between boom and bust. public and its army.

612 SINCE INDEPENDENCE

301 p. illus. , ,

6658. Lourenco, Manoel B. Joaseiro do Fine studies of José Luis do Rego, Jorge Amado, Padre Cicero: scenas e quadros do fa- OFaciliano Ramos, and Rachel de Queiroz, with a

. ~ social rather than esthetic emphasis. Bibliography.

natismo no nordeste. Sao Paulo, 1926. (71)

The well-known educator as a young man had little 6665. Iglesias, Fr ancisco. Estudo sobre 0

sympathy for the “padrinho” of his holy city of pensamento reacionario: Jackson de Fi-

Juazeiro. Aside from some useful facts, the book is gueiredo. RBCS. v. 2, julho, 1962: 3-51. interesting chiefly as an example of how nearly impos- __ Figueiredo during his short life helped to prepare the

sible it was in the Old Republic for an educated ur- climate for integralismo although, as the author states, banite to understand millenialism in the interior. his group at the Centro Dom Vital did not have pro-

‘ x found or extensive influence. The focus is on intel-

6659. Luna, Luiz. Lampiao € seus cabras. lectual history, with an assessment of his doctrines

Much Rio,information | 963. 122 P. illus. th and political activities. on Lampiao, with some

attention to . . .

the social milieu and police methods, is included in 6666. Lins, Ivan Monteiro de Barros. Histhis essay, the best of a recent crop on rural banditry. toria do positivismo no Brasil. Sao Paulo,

6660. Queiroz, Maria Isaura Pereira de. 1964. 661 p. bibl. (Brasiliana 322).

Messians ‘ahs inIM B ‘1 Pp 31. Jul?Encyclopedic history of Comtian positivism Brazil brazil. - No. ¥> from its origins in the 1870's to the present. in There are

] 965 : 62-86. interesting sections On positivist activities in the states

This English version (by E. J. Hobsbaum) 1S based on and education, but the author’s own allegiance to the the author's unpublished ““Movimentos messianicos: philosophy has perhaps induced him to inflate its role

tentativa de classificagao sociolégica” (Sao Paulo, in Brazilian history.

1962). The structure and nature of Brazilian messianic ‘ ae hias

movements, of which Brazil has a rich history, result 6667. A margem da histor la da Republica from deliberate attempts to reorganize rural society (ideaes, crencas e afirmacoes). Inquérito when traditional kinship and political relations break por escriptores da geracao nascida coma

down. Republica: A. Carneiro Leao, Celso 8.. Culture Cul Vieira outros]. Rio, 1924. 350 p. past In their [e highly critical reappraisal of the recent

: . . since 1889 the authors conclude, “faltamos a con-

6661. Bonilla, Frank. A national ideology sciéncia nacional.’”’ The postwar mood is well reprefor development. In American Univer- _ sented in excellent essays by Carneiro Leo, Gilberto sities Field Staff. Expectant peoples: na- Amado, José Antonio Nogueira, Oliveira Vianna, tionalism and development. Under the Ronald de eorvane. Tasso da Silveira, and Vicente

p. 232-264. ‘

editorship of K. H. Silvert. N.Y., 1963. Wenaheto er aziiyan

The influence and significance of I.S.E.B., the group 668. Vita, Luis Washington. Alberto Sales, that in the mid-1950’s discussed developmental na- idedlogo da Republica. Sao Paulo, 1965. tionalism, is assessed for the “high period” before it 201 p. illus., bibl. (Brasiliana 327).

declined into factionalism and the most original think- The thesis is that Sales, a republican ideologist from

ers left. Sao Paulo, typified a generation of political moderni-

6662. Costa, Joao Cruz. O positivismo na Z¢'s that after 1880 adapted the analytical spirit of

Republica: Sb sobre historia d . positivism political stimulating xepublica: notas a historia dO pOsi- —to gionist study action. evaluatesThis Alberto Sales’s ideasrevifrom tivismo no Brasil. Sao Paulo, 1956. 203 1880-1905 within the context of Brazilian intellectual p. (Biblioteca pedagogica brasileira. Ser. and political history. 5. Brasiliana 291).

A well-documented study of the Positivist church, . :

which, isolated as it was after 1890 and having little 9. Biographies

influence, took an enlightened view of labor unrest A and urged the adoption of socia! legislation to head off 6669. Abranches, Dunshee de. Governos e this growing ‘“‘social problem.” Unit essos ca eo a 8 5 eae

. . “a: . ; — . aulo,

6663. Dimmick, Ralph E. The Brazilian lit- 1918.2 rast ao ° erary generation of 1930. H. v. 34, May, Very useful biographical data on presidents, ministers,

reie 181" 187. ¢group 1930-1936 and legislators 1918. brilliant that from - wrote to pro. . oe

fusely on social questions, regional themes, and con- 6670. Araripe, Tristao de Alencar. Tasso

temporary problems is assessed briefly. Fragoso, um pouco de historia do nosso

. “1 exército. Rio, 1960. 684 p. illus.

6664. Ellison, Fred P. B razil’s new novel: Sympathetic biography of the prominent general who, four northeastern masters. Berkeley, during the Old Republic, worked with a French mis-

1954. 191 p. bibl. sion to modernize the army and later played a key role

BRAZIL, THE REPUBLIC 613 in the 1930 revolution. Tasso’s own previously pub- Useful, but badly edited, this book takes a rather partilished account of his part in the junta that overthrew — san position toward the Yankee entrepreneur whose President Washington Luis is included without com- grandiose railroad and iron ore schemes aroused the

ment. first glimmers of Brazilian economic nationalism. Su-

; : . b bibliography.

6671. Barbosa, Francisco de Assis. A vidade P*

Lima Barreto, 1881-1922. 3. ed. Rio, 6677. Godinho, Wagnor R., and Oswaldo S.

1964. 387 p. bibl. (Colecdo Vera Cruz; Andrade. Constituintes brasileiros de

literatura brasileira 79). 1934. Rio, 1934. 304 p. illus.

This fine biography of the mulatto novelist and anar- Biographical data.

chist sympathizer is based upon thorough research in es As _ manuscript and primary sources. The sketches of Rio 6678. Gontijo de Carvalho, Antonio. En life and literary circles in the Old Republic before saios bibliograficos. Sao Paulo, 1951.

1920, also, are well done. 459 p. : ; Outstanding among several sketches of Old Republi-

6672. Cavalheiro, Edgard. Monteiro Lobato, can figures is the long essay on Calogeras, Brazil’s vida e obra. 2. ed. Sao Paulo, 1955. 2 v. | first twentieth-century technocrat.

illus., bibl. 6679. Henriques, Affonso. Ascensao e queda

Monteiro Lobato’s writer, publisher, and ‘liRio,? 1966. .° 966 would-be petroleum pioneercareer is tracedas exhaustively in de Getulio Vargas. 3 v.I]illus.

this competent biography. In literature, as with Jeca V- 1, Vargas, oO maquiavelico; v. 2, O Estado Novo; Tatu, and in polemics, as with O escdndalo de petrd- _V. 3, Declinio e morte. The author, and former treasleo, he helped to create a new climate for moderniza- __Urer of the National Liberation Alliance [1935], maintion and to form the Brazilian mind after 1918. A tains, as the title of v. 1 indicates, that Vargas manipu-

?.t.

complete bibliography of Monteiro Lobato’s works is lated Brazil to serve his own power-crazed ends. followed by a list of books and articles relating to his However onesided, the books are crammed with career, and by an appendix of selected writings. useful detail.

6673. Franco, Affonso Arinos de Mello. Um 6680. Leite, Aureliano, et al. Homens de estadista de Republica. Afranio de Mello Sao Paulo. Sao Paulo, 1955. 494 p. illus. Franco a e seu tempo. 3 v. illus. euces yalvable sketches, ane on ine ‘lei ivesRio,of1955. AntOnio Prado, Prudente decommentaries Morais, Julio

Toa gag ementos brasileiros 85, wfesquita, Oswaldo Cruz, Monteiro Lobato, and RoA panoramic view of politics, institutions, and society erro Simonsen

in the Old Republic is the setting for this monumental 6681. Lins, Alvaro. Rio-Branco (o barao do biography of Afranio by his equally distinguished son. Rio Branco) 1845-1912. Sao Paulo. 1945

Mineiro politics are analyzed in great detail. So, also, . . ~ ° ‘

is the rise of Vargas and the 1930 revolution. 2 ve illus., bibl. (Colegao Documentos

J brasileiros 50 and 50A).

6674. Gabaglia, Laurita Pesséa Raja. O An outstanding biography of the famous statesman of cardeal Leme, 1882-1942, por Irma Ma-_ the Old Republic. ria Regina do Santo Rosario. Rio, 1962. 66 g2., Porto, José da Costa. Pinheiro Macha-

478 p. illus. (Colegao Documentos bra- do e seu tempo, tentativa de interpre-

sileiros 113). | tacao. Rio, 1951. xxviii, 325 p. A well-written biography of the cardinal who between _ pinheiro Machado, along with Ruy Barbosa, was one world wars did much to revitalize the Brazilian church of the rare national leaders in the Old Republic, and politically and intellectually. Material on Catholic lay pe manipulated its political system until his death by

groups is included. assassination in 1914. The personality is well de6675. Gabaglia, Laurita Pesséa Raja. Epi- scribed, pot aaeiro's career and methods are not

tacio Pessdéa (1865-1942). Rio, 1951.

2 v. illus., bibl. (Colegao Documentos 6683. Rache, Pedro. Homens de Minas. Rio, brasileiros 67 A). 1947. 226 p. Written by the former president’s daughter, this de- —. Outros homens de Minas. Rio, tailed and exhaustive biography is well constructed 1948. 246 p. illus

and professional. Certain controversial aspects of Valuabl 4 Pp , d t

Pess6a’s administration, as for example the Itabira , din Minin vealiticians of the Old Republic S nd Iron contract and the nationalist campaign, are played ‘© yy Ineo Pol scludi ° } le Dinh Cpu Ant an down, but the Copacabana fortress revolt (1922) is Cari, argas years, including Joao Finheiro, Antonio

treated fully. arlos, and Benedito Valadares.

6676. Gauld, Charles A. The last Titan: Per- Ne "956 37 Plies cious Bevilaqua. cival Farquhar, American entrepreneur A brief biographical sketch of the fin-de-siécle lawyer, in Latin America. Stanford, 1964. 427 p. essayist, and philosopher is followed by a judicious

illus., maps, bibl. discussion of his thought. Complete bibliography.

614 SINCE INDEPENDENCE 6685. Silva, Gastao Pereira da. Constituintes | tenentismo, and still less on his stormy tenure (1931) de 46, dados biograficos. Rio, 1947. 331 38 Interventor of Sao Paulo.

p. illus. 6693. Bello, Julio. Memorias de um senhor

6686. Soares, Rodrigo. Jorge Tibirica e sua de engenho. 2. ed. Rio, 1948. 304 p. illus. época. Paulo. 2 v. illus.. bibl (Colecao Documentos Ps -. Sdo . ° Lo. i .’1958. Recollections and commentary by abrasileiros member11). of the Biblioteca pecagogic’—brasileira. = Pernambucan planter elite. The period covered is the a. braSiilana. . lateSeri€ Empire and early Republic.

The life and times of the Paulista politician, who as . governor (1904-1908) bolstered his state’s autonomy 6694. B urns, E. Bradford. The unwritten

with the Taubaté coffee convention and a French- alliance. Rio-Br anco and Br azilian-A mertrained militia, are related to federal and state politics ican relations. N.Y., 1966. 305 p. illus.,

during the first two decades of the Republic. map, bibl. |

6687. Tinoco, Brigido. A vida de Nilo Pe- 40 Important aspect of the Baron § foreign policy is canha. Rio, 1962. 291 p. illus., bibl. (Co- esay provides an excellent guide to the literature on R lecao Documentos brasileiros I 14), , _ Rio Branco and Brazilian diplomatic history. fluminense politician that is based on considerable 6695. Carvalho, Daniel de. Capitulos de

audatory biography of the former president an . ,

research. memorias. 1. série. Rio, 1957. 245 p. . , . . Noteworthy in this first of several memoirs are the 6688. Viana, Luiz. A vida de Rui Barbosa. sketches of Mineiro modernizers, such as Sales and 6. ed. Sao Paulo, 1960. 454 p. bibl. (Bi- Pinheiro, and the chapters on Farquhar and Itabira. blioteca do espirito moderno. Serie 3, Vv. For other recollections of Minas Gerais in the Old

17). Republic and after see subsequent volumes issued

The standard biography. under different titles.

6689. Viana, Luiz. A vida do barao do Rio- 6696. Castro, Sertorio de. A republica que a Branco. Rio, 1959. 458 p. illus., bibl. (Co- Thee asa0 destruty. Rio oo! 2 Pr eated oeao dD ocumentos brasileiros 106). ath vividly and in great detail by an amateur historian who, Ro bie’ y of a towering personality in the on balance, believed the political system worked. In-

Old Republic. dispensable as it is, the book was written for contem-

porary readers already familiar with the names and

10. Old Republic: 1889-1930 events, and there is no scholarly apparatus.

6690. Amado, Gilberto. Historia da minha act tthe: Serzedeno. wma figura da Ke:

infancia. Rio, 1954. 287 p. puolica: paginaS GO paSsado. cz. ed. N10, These sunny memoirs by a leading intellectual of the 1959. 101 Pp.

Old Republic and after are not written to reveal but First published in 1919, this short work by a leading to exude a social aura of bygone times. The effect is historical republican gives an intimate, retrospective delightful, and there is considerable information for view of the 1889 coup and the Floriano period.

the social historian. This first volume was followed at , A ; :

intervals by four others covering later years. Titles 6698. Costa, Sergio Corréa da. A diplomacia vary. do Marechal (intervencao estrangeira na

6691. Barbosa, Francisco de Assis. Juscelino revolta da armada). Rio, 1945. 305 p.

Kubitschek, uma revisao na politica bra- Inch: tae profile of Floriano, a lineup of military sileira. V. I - Da chegada d e Joao Alemao forces during the naval revolt of 1893 and views of “il revorucao de 1932. 364 p. the commanders, the role of foreign naval forces durlUus., DIDI. ingRio, the1960. interservice conflict and Floriano’s successful This fine synthesis thevolumes Old Republic also thetimes first vantage. diplomatic, efforts 1S to turn thisupon intervention to his readof a projected seriesofof on the islife and € DOOK Dased considerable of Juscelino Kubitschek. The judicious research, the search, some of it in Brazilian archives.

fresh interpretations, and the new questions raised . . mark this study as an outstanding contribution to Bra- 6699. Dantas, Francisco C. de San Tiago.

zilian historiography. Dois momentos de Rui Barbosa: con-

6692. Barros, Jodo A. Lins de. Memorias de | ter nena. Rio, | 949. q27 Pp. illus. | Ruv’s | um revolicionario. 1. A marcha da Co- frationary policies as the Republic's first finance min-

luna. Rio, 1953. 259 p. illus. ister were designed deliberately to create industry and An ex-member of the Prestes column and later high __ to transfer economic and political power from countryofficial under Vargas recounts his part in the famous __ side to city. The army and inflation were the means by

tenente revolts. There is considerable attention to which the nascent middle classes tried to secure their personalities and events, but little on the ideology of temporary dominance after 1889. Ruy, often called

BRAZIL, THE REPUBLIC 615 reckless, is here portrayed as an enthusiastic mod- Brasil 27).

ernizer. Ruy Barbosa, the patron saint of liberal constitutional4 . ism, is pictured as a vacillating politician whose anti-

ie A decada repubiicana. Ouro abn quated ideas and limited vision of Brazilian problems onso Celso de “ASSIS FIguciredo, VIS- — were inadequate. That Ruy and others of his generaconde de, et al. Rio, 1889-1902. 8 v. tion neglected social issues has been pointed out beIn this sweeping monarchist libel, the first ten years of | fore, but to call him “‘more obstructive than construc-

the Republican record are said to have lacked sound tive” is to overstate the argument, as is intended. The political, institutional, and moral bases. But the mon- _ book is based on much new research, but the author archists’ attack, as it turned out, was a last blast. V.1, | entraps Ruy in self-contradictions that are not always Finangas, was written by the Visconde de Ouro Preto. _ related carefully to historical circumstance or se-

6701. Franco, Sérgio da Costa. O sentido ™ Ul- jombian specialist on international relations who was tima etapa del problema de limites (1941-— foreign minister when the Salomén-Lozano Treaty was

1942). Lima, 1942. 117 p. signed in 1922.

This collection of newspaper articles, written during ; the crisis in Ecuadoran-Peruvian relations that culmi- f. Rio de la Plata, General nated in the Rio Protocol of 1942, provides a clear and .

thoughtful analysis of the Peruvian point of view bya 6834. Herrera, Luis Alberto de. La clausura

leading scholar. de los rios. His La diplomacia oriental en

6828. Zook, David H. Zarumilla-Marafion: el Paraguay 4. Montevideo, 1920. 490 p. the Ecuador-Peru dispute N.Y.. 1964 Although discursive and repetitive, this work throws

33]Pp. biblMaps, | 7. “into theinimportance the question of nations. river naviO101.relief ; gation the relationsofamong the Platine A useful historical study includes translations of ; ;di;; eleven major documents. 6835.that Quesada, Vicente G. Mis memorias plomaticas: misiOn ante el gobierno del e. Colombia and Peru Brasil. B.A., 1907-1908. 2 v. illus. A valuable source. Quesada, who was Argentine min-

6829. Chocano, José S. El escandalo de _ ister in Brazil, 1884-1885, solidly buttresses his memLeticia ante las conferencias de Rio de 0S with documentation from his correspondence. He

JJaneiro. . Santi San de Chil deals not only the but diplomatic between lago 1933. de lle,68 . Pp. Argentina andwith Brazil, also withrelations the economic, po-

illus., maps. litical, and social milieu that influenced them.

628 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS SINCE 1830 6836. Ramos, R. Antonio. La politica del guay: origenes y causas. B.A., 1939. Brasil en el Paraguay bajo la dictadura 503 p.

del Dr. Francia. 2. ed. B.A., 1959. 232 p. Although it lacks both references and bibliography,

bibl. this volume provides a useful survey of the inter-

An authoritative study based upon primary sources relations of the Platine states from their beginnings in

of Brazil’s attempts to develop trade relations and to the colonial period until the outbreak of war in 1865.

negotiate an alliance with Paraguay in the 1820’s and §§44, Cardozo, Efraim. Visperas de la gue-

1830’s. Two appended documents differentiate this ;

edition from the first published in 1944. rra del Paraguay. B.A., 1954. 340 p. bibl. . _ Based upon multiarchival research, this authoritative

6837. Reyes Thevenet, Alberto. Misiones di- study is a well-documented, detailed narrative of the

plomaticas sobre limites, 1829-1852. events preceding the Paraguayan War that took place

Montevideo. 1959.2 v maps in the nine-month period beginning in August, 1863.

Claiming that the Brazil-Uruguay boundary had been Introductory chapters provide the necessary back-

”-

established by the Treaty of San Ildefonso (1777), this ground of Platine interrelations.

scholarly study explains the steps by which Uruguay 6845. Fragoso, Augusto T. Historia da guewas forced to retreat in order to survive as an inde- rra entre a Triplice Ali anca e o Paraguai.

P men . Rio, 1934. 5 v. in 3. illus., maps, bibl.

6838. Sanchez Quell, Hipolito. La diplo- Although one volume treats the origins of the Paramacia paraguaya de Mayo a Cerro-Cora. guayan War, this work is of greatest value as an ex. haustive military history based upon primary sources. oeién Chula’ 252 p. illus., bibl. (Co Written by a Brazilian general. Treats Paraguayan diplomacy in four periods from 6846. Kolinski, Charles J. Independence or 1811 to 1870 emphasizing relationships with neighbor death: the story of the Paraguayan War. eltcy a and Bives brief Consideration to commercial ~~ Gainesville, Fla., 1965. 236 p. illus.,

oe maps, bibl.

6839. Soares, Alvaro Teixeira. Diplomacia A well-documented synthesis of published sources do império no Rio da Prata (ate 1865), and secondary accounts. This doctoral dissertation is

Rio, 1955. 293 p. the best history of the war in English. The bibliography

A useful survey of Brazil's relations with the Platine is good, but the maps are copied from other works.

nations from 1828 to 1865. 6847. Ouro Preto, Affonso Celso de Assis

maps. a historia). | ae

6840. Vedia, Agustin de. Martin Garcia y la Figueiredo, visconde de. A marinha d’ou-

jurisdiccién del Plata. B.A., 1908. 472 p. trora. Rio, 1894. 467 p. (Subsidios para A valuable study of the history of conflict among the Although a glorification of the Brazilian Empire, this

Platine powers over the island of Martin Garcia, iS an outstanding study of the role of the Brazilian

which is strategically important because itcanbe used avy i the Paraguayan War.

te control the mouths of the Uruguay and Parana §g4g. Soares, Alvaro Teixeira. O drama da

IVEES: Triplice Alianca, 1865-1876. Rio, 1956. 359 p. bibl.

; A very good Brazilian interpretation of the Paraguayan g. Paraguayan War War and its diplomatic aftermath. The author con6841. Box, Pelham H. The origins of the Siders the period about which he writes to be perhaps Paraguayan war. Urbana. 1929. 345 p tne most brilliant in the history of Brazilian diplomacy.

(University of Illinois Studies in the so- 6849. Spalding, Walter. A invasao para-

cial sciences 15, nos. 3, 4). guaia no Brasil. Sao Paulo, 1940. xlix,

A thorough piece of multiarchival research, this mono- 633 p. (Biblioteca pedagogica brasileira, graph must be consulted by every scholar interested Série 5. Brasiliana 185). Mee Paraguayan War. The interpretation favors the © Documents dealing mostly with Brazilian reactions to

ies against Lopez. The bibliography is excellent. the early stage of the Paraguayan War that point up

(H.W. ] the fact that Brazilians were unprepared militarily and 6842. Carcano, Ramon J. Guerra del Para- that they were guided by serious misconceptions about

guay: accion y reaccion de la Triple the nature of their enemy. Alianza. B.A., 1941. 2 v. illus.

Treating the period 1864-1876, this is a detailed ac- h. Chaco War count of the diplomacy of the Paraguayan War and its

aftermath. Emphasis is given to the conflicts between 6§5Q. Ayala Moreira, Rogelio. Por qué no Argentina and Brazil after Paraguay’s military defeat. ganamos la guerra del Chaco. La Paz,

6843. Carcano, Ramon J. Guerra del Para- 1959. 375 p. illus.

INTER-HISPANIC AMERICAN 629 A realistic analysis that concludes that Bolivia lost _ relations. the Chaco War because it was inadequately prepared ae .

. ; , . enel Plata. B.A., , p. maps.

and because of the mistakes of General Hans Kundt. 6858. Ooesada, rae Va oluca chilena 6851. Rivarola, Vicente. Memorias diplo- 4 collection of newspaper articles and other writings maticas. B.A., 1952-1957. 3 v. illus. that both illustrate the attitudes of a knowledgeable An important source for the history of the Chaco War. Argentine toward Chile and reflect concepts of South Rivarola, a Paraguayan diplomat describes his activ- American power politics prevalent in the mid-1890’s.

ities in Chile during 1927-1929 and in Argentina from . -

1929 to 1936. His memoirs are replete with docu. 6859. Yrigoyen, Pedro. La adhesion de la ments. Republica Argentina al tratado de alianza

6852. Saavedra, El Chaco y la con-p.ree ieee ion ac Lima, ferencia de pazBautista. de Buenos Aires. Santia‘Biblioteca delwav Mercurio

go de Chile, 1939. 291 p. Peruano, Ser. B, DD. lomati 4

Valuable. A Bolivian participant’s account of the mportant collection of diplomatic correspondence

Chaco Peace Conference and other documents illustrating the continent-wide

repercussions of Peru’s unsuccessful attempt to bring

6853. Salmon Baldivieso, Luis. El] Paraguay: Argentina into the Peru-Bolivia alliance in the 1870s. provincia argentina. La Paz, 1935. 93 p. Introduction and explanations of individual items by A Bolivian discusses Argentina’s dominance over editor.

Paraguay established through economic penetration 6860. Yrigoyen, Pedro. La alianza peruafter 1870. Charges that Argentina encouraged Para- a ;

guay to take the steps that led to the Chaco War. cuenra de Chis vey 7. $ r yr de 6854. Zook, David H. The conduct of the Although this collection contains a number of items Chaco War. N.Y., 1960. 280 p. illus. found in the previous volume edited by Yrigoyen it

Well written and exhaustively researched, this is the also contains additional correspondence and docubest diplomatic survey of the origins of the Chaco War ments for the period immediately preceding the War of as well as the most knowledgeable military history of | the Pacific. the conflict. It also provides a detailed and indispen-

sable bibliography of all the Bolivian and Paraguayan

writings on the subject up to 1960. [H.K.] b. Secondary Works 6861. Arce, José. Roca, 1843. Su vida, su

6. Interregional Relations obra. B.A., 1960. 2 v.

This very good study of the public life of Julio Roca (1843-1914) is valuable for its treatment of the Para-

a. Sources guayan War in volume | and Argentina’s diplomatic 6855. Argentine Republic. Ministerio de Re- 6862. Avila. F ‘co. Boliv; | ; laciones Exteriores y Cueto. La gestién del Pia a, Mosie O41 341. el concierto

. . - . relations with Chile and Brazil in volume 2.

dip lomatica del General Alvear en el Alto A and political policies with regard to sovereignty over

A good summary of the effect of World War II on the . ; ; ; doctrine, essentially a reinforcement and strengthening 6953. Kiernan, V. G. Foreign interests in

of it. the War of the Pacific. HAHR. v. 35, Feb., 1955: 14-36. 3. Relations with Europe An important study based on European archival

_ sources that shows that suspicion of British and

6945. Altamira y Crevea, Rafael. Espana y French influence on the policies of the belligerents el programa americanista. Madrid, 1917. has been unfounded.

252 p. 6954. Maeztu, Ramiro de. Defensa de la

A discussion of relations between Spain and her one- Hispanidad. 3. ed. Valladolid, 1938

time colonies by a representative of the liberal Spanish 368 ° “generation of 1898.” The author favors in a liberal Pan- fi The Itural ane map. the principal intellectual proponent Hi ism, primarily the relations. ;;. ispanism, primarily _ ° ield of ce ‘ura relations of Hispanidad and his book had a great deal of influ-

6946. Becker, Jeronimo. Historia de las ence, both in Spain and in conservative and authorirelaciones exteriores de Espafia durante tarian groups in Spanish South America.

el siglo xix. Madrid, 1924-1926. 3 v. _ 6955. Naft, Stephen. Fascism and commu"7 Survey. based on Spanish foreign office archives. nism in Latin America. In Foreign Policy

Association, Reports, v. 13. 1937. p.

6947. Chase, Allan. Falange: the Axis secret 726-236.

army in the Americas. N.Y., 1943.278 p. A contemporary estimate of the influence exerted

illus., map. by these European ideologies; generally cautious in

A journalistic account, somewhat exaggerated owing _ !tS evaluation.

to the war sentiment of the era, but a useful descrip- ene . . tion of Spanish propaganda and cooperation with the 6956. Robertson, William S. The tripartite Axis in Latin America. treaty of London. HAHR. v. 20, May,

638 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS SINCE 1830 1940: 167-189. ington, 1916. 356 p. double map, bibl.

A careful study of the policies and intentions of Great (Prize essays of the AHA).

Britain, France, and Spain toward Mexico prior tothe The standard treatment of the rivalry of the United

joint interventions in that country. States and Great Britain in Central America and the

° . eventual acceptance by the latter of American pre-

6957. Schneider, Ronald M. Communism dominance in the isthmian region. Based on archival

in Guatemala, 1944-1954, with a fore- research,

| 1958]. 350 p. bibl. . . ;

word by Arthur P. Whitaker. N.Y.,

Though mainly devoted to domestic aspects of com- 4. Relations with Asia munist activities in Guatemala, this work contains an . . important chapter describing the relations of the 6961. Bradley » Anita. Tr ans-P acific re-

Arbenz government in Guatemala to the Soviet Union lations of Latin America: an introductory and to the OAS and the UN. Emphasizes the influence essay and selected bibliography. N.Y., of communism on Guatemalan foreign policy, 1952" == 1949. 120 p. bibl. (Institute of Pacific

1954, in butthedoes deal with the role of the United Relati .: States fall not of Arbenz. .elations. International research series). ; ; A pioneer work on a neglected subject, necessarily

6958. Van Aken, Mark J. Pan-Hispanism: somewhat superficial. Affected by the circumstances

its origin and development to 1866. ofthe Second World War.

Berkeley, 1959. 166 p. (University of 6962. Normano, Jodo F., and Antonello California publications in history 63). Gerbi. The Japanese in South America: An attempt at an objective appraisal by a North an introductory survey with special referAmerican scholar.dissertation The monograph is an outgrowth of PN.¥., N.Y1943. 943.135 135 1 the author’s doctoral at the University of ence to Peru. p. illus.,

California. bibl. (institute of Pacificseries). Relations. Inter. national research

6959. Van Alsty ne, Richard W. The Central Less systematic than the companion study by Bradley.

American policy of Lord Palmerston, Major attention is given to Brazil, but the bibliog1846-1848. HAHR. v. 16, Aug., 1936: raphy relates to Peru. Does not represent original

339-359. research, but Normano was acquainted personally

An article that indicates that Palmerston at one time With the Brazilian aspect of the subject.

considered a moderate Central American policy aimed 6963 Rippy, J. Fred. The Japanese in Latin

a ; 1949: 50-65.

at peace with the United States. Based on British MS America. IAEA. v. 3, no. l, Summer, 6960. Williams, Mary W. Anglo-American 4 brief survey. Useful because it contains an estimate Isthmian diplomacy, 1815-1915. Wash- of Japanese population in 1933 and in 1938.

C. Multilateral Inter-American Relations and Organizations BRYCE Woop

This section of the guide has a special character in that it deals primarily with the formal documents of interstate organizations, and only secondarily with the works of individuals, such as historians, lawyers, or political scientists. It is therefore

more a survey of original source materials than an appraisal of the scope and merits of scholarly writing.

The source materials are the documents of the agencies associated, over the past 140 years, with what has come to be called, however loosely, the ‘“‘interAmerican system.” The agencies include occasional conferences, such as the series initiated in Panama in 1826; administrative bodies, notably the Pan American Union (PAU), which is the general secretariat of the Organization of Amer-

INTER-AMERICAN RELATIONS & ORGANIZATIONS 639 ican States (OAS, or in Spanish, OEA); the principal bodies of the OAS, such as the Council, and the Organs of the Council, which comprise the Inter-American Economic and Social Council, the Inter-American Council of Jurists, and the Inter-American Cultural Council. In addition, there are specialized conferences; specialized organizations, such as the Inter-American Institute of Agricultural

Sciences and the Inter-American Indian Institute; and Special Agencies and Commissions, which, with contrasting types of relationships to the OAS, include the Inter-American Peace Committee, the Inter-American Development Bank,

and the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. The skeleton table of organization of the OAS in 1963 shows twenty-four formal components of the inter-American system; these bodies prepare proceedings, issue reports and recommendations, and publish monthly, quarterly, and annual bulletins, reviews, and journals.

The bibliographer has not yet caught up with the system’s output, which in recent years averages over 4,000 separate documents containing well over 100,000 pages, and it is unlikely that he will ever do so in a neat and tidy way, since, to him, the mossy backlog is a discouraging object.

Nevertheless, there are some entrées that are more promising than others for librarians and scholars, who, for special purposes, will carry their own researches beyond the range of existing lists and indexes. It is the purpose of this section to offer some assistance to them and to others who are interested in the efforts of the American states to maintain peace and promote the welfare of their peoples. The single most complete collection of OAS documents is held by the Colum-

bus Memorial Library of the Pan American Union in Washington, D.C. The Library 1s the library of the OAS; it does not possess, in proportion, the funds or the facilities of the Library of Congress for offering assistance to individual students and scholars. Its staff does, however, give generous assistance to serious research students who are able to spend time in Washington. Beginning in January, 1960, the OAS established its Official Records Series, which provides semiannual lists of “certain official records” of the organs of the OAS and an annual subject index to these records. However, as noted in the “Guide, Outline, and Expanded Tables” to the series (6968), the series ‘“‘does not include the informational or technical publications of the General Secretariat; these publications are to be classified within a new series, ““PAU Informational and Technical Publications.’ Although the “‘Guide...’’ carried this statement as of April 1, 1961, the new series has not yet made its appearance, so that a formal and complete documentary system has not yet been achieved by the OAS. In the

interim, for those not in Washington, the best source of information about materials for which the PAU is responsible for publishing, apart from the Official Records Series, is the annual Catalog of Publications (6970), issued by the PAU; it includes those documents which are currently available for sale, but does not list out-of-print documents. As will be readily seen from the Catalog, the number and variety of publications that are not in the Official Records Series make up a considerable and important group, and it is to be hoped that the officials of the _ PAU will before long find it possible to provide bibliographical controls for them.

For recommendations, resolutions, and conventions emitted by early conferences of the American states beginning with the first conference of the modern series in 1889-1890, the most readily available collection is found in the two volumes prepared by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (6980, 698 1). Official texts of conference documents may also be found, with interpretations,

640 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS SINCE 1830 in reports of conference participation by national delegations; see, for example, the useful series of reports from the Montevideo (7th) through the Caracas (10th) conference of American states, by the United States delegation, and, for example only, those of the Brazilian and Mexican delegations (7078, 7083). Following on the Carnegie Endowment volumes, the Annals of the Organization of American States, published by the PAU, carried official documentation from the beginning of 1949 through the end of 1957. In 1958, 1959, and 1960, however, there is a hiatus in this documentation, and therefore special attention has been given in this section to materials appearing in this period. Beginning in 1960, the Official Records Series provides the basic documenta-

tion for those materials considered as official records. ‘These records are, of course, available in their original mimeographed form only in the Columbus Memorial Library. However, they are also available on microcard or microfiche,

as produced by Microcard Editions, Inc., 901 26th St., N. W., Washington, D.C. 20037, and acquisition of a set of these documents in one of these forms is the only way in which other libraries can secure a complete set of those documents presently regarded as official records. In addition, Microcard Editions, Inc., provides in the same way, the complete set of the Annals, v. 1-9; the Conferences and Organizations Series, nos. 1-60; the Congresses and Conferences Series, nos. 1-69; the Treaty Series, nos. 1-31;

the Actas de las Sesiones, nos. 1-409 (1945-1961) of the Economic and Social Council of the OAS; and the minutes of the meetings of the Council of the OAS, nos. 1-396 (1948-1960). Post-1960 documents in all these groups are included in the Official Records Series, which is also reproduced on microfiche and microcard. The two series — Congresses and Conferences, and Conferences and Organizations— provide documents of inter-American conferences and organizations in

the period 1929-1959, but there remains, in part, the brief but not unimportant gap noted above until the Official Records Series begins. This gap may be filled when the PAU Informational and Technical Publications Series becomes operative, but there will probably remain some documents that can only be identified through research in the Columbus Memorial Library, with the aid of the Library’s staff. Some of these documents, especially those relating to the Alliance for Progress (7009) and the formation of the Inter-American Development Bank (7004),

are listed below. ,

It may be noted that many of the listed items are given in their Spanish versions; this is done because the Spanish version,. particularly in collections of documents, is the most complete of those in the four languages of the OAS, of which the others are English, French, and Portuguese.

Commentaries on the OAS or scholarly analysis of its activities have so far been largely historical and legal. The series of inter-American conferences has been surveyed again and again in North American textbooks and in Latin American theses. Treaties have been exhaustively analyzed, article by article and phrase by phrase. These surveys and exegeses are the most common frames of analysis of the inter-American system. The political behavior of the states in the inter-American system has so far escaped serious critical analysis over time. Journalists less knowledgeable than those that report the activities of the United Nations are assigned to the intermittent conferences of the OAS, and diplomats in the OAS are more discreet

INTER-AMERICAN RELATIONS & ORGANIZATIONS 641 than their counterparts at the UN. Political scientists have been attracted more to the possibilities of statistical manipulation of the larger numbers of voting delegations in the UN than to the more limited sample available in the OAS. Surprisingly, there are few that have tried to discover just how those last one or two

votes were obtained that have made up the necessary two-thirds majority of fourteen that have been critical on several occasions to the formal approbation of policies strenuously advocated by the United States. The political process within the OAS, as distinct from the image that is portrayed by the official documents, is a challenging subject for study by scholars interested in the development of regional international organizations.

1. Bibliographies and Guides ments of Inter-American Agencies whose official

erap records are issued by the Pan American Union; se-

. . lected documents of Inter-American agencies that 6964. Carnegie Endowment for International publish their own official records,” since this series Peace. Division of International Law. gives attention to new agencies, such as the Special Handbook of international organizations Consultative Committee on Security (OEA/Ser. L/X), in the Americas. Prepared by Ruth D. which will appear in the next edition of the Guide.

yess ane other staf} member or the 6969. Pan American Union. Catalog of Pan Merve 4 sy nauona aw. Wasning- American Union publications in English,

ton, P- | Spanish, Portuguese and French. Wash-

6965. Fenochio, Andrés. Indice por materias ington, 1958-.

de los diversos instrumentos tnterameri- This is the list of publications available for sale by canos, suscritos o aprobados en las con- PAU, prior to initiation of publication of Catalog of ferencias , . incipales (d Publications. This isinformation the best single source panamerncanas principales € mentary for 1957-1960, in of the docugap be1889 a 1951 inclusive). Washington, tween the termination of publication of the Annals, 1953. 111 p. (Pan American Union. and the commencement of the Official Records Series.

See sobre conferencias y organismos 6970. Pan American Union. Catalog of publications. Technical and Informational 6966. Inter-American Economic and Social Publications, and Official Records of the Council. Lista de documentos del Con- Organization of American States. 1950-. sejo Interamericano Economico y Social Washington. Annual. (CIES) del CIES/1 al CIES/839. Wash- This is the best source of information about publicaington, 1965. 139 p.(OEA/Ser. H/CIES/1 tions of the PAU and OAS as a whole. However, it

rev. et 5)J).p.(O those publications for sale by the andincludes it does only not include working documents forPAU, con-

6967. Inter-American Economic and Social ferences and other meetings, which are usually avail. ° . able only to delegates. These working documents can, Council. Inter-American Co mmittee on however, be consulted at the Columbus Memorial

the Alliance for Progress. Lista de docu- | ibrary.

mentos del Comite Interamericano de ; . .

la Alianza para el Progreso (CIAP) del 1 ©971- Pan American Union. Codification

al 220. Washington, 1965. 27 p. (OEA/ Division. Basic documents of the Inter-

Ser. H/XIII Cl AP/1 rev. 2). American Council of Jurists and Inter-

, ; American Juridical Committee. Wash-

6968. Organization of American States. Offi- ington, 1962. 32 p. (OAS official records,

cial records series of the Organization OEA/Ser. I/1.4 [English]).

of American States. Guide, outline, and _ Statutes of the council and regulations of council and expanded tables. Washington, 1962.68 p. committee. A bibliography lists titles of 65 documents

This Guide (‘Guia’) is to be used in connection with and reports issued by both bodies, 1950-1962.

the “Lista General’? and “Indice Analitico.” It ex- . .

plains the classification system introduced in 1960. 6972. Pan American Union. Columbus Special attention is invited to OEA/Ser. L/ ‘‘Docu- Memorial Library. Bibliografia de las

64? INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS SINCE 1830 conferencias interamericanas. 1889- ican Conferences 1826-1948. Washing1951. Washington, 1954. (ts Buiblio- ing, 1949. 16 p.(Congress and Conference

graphical series 41). 277 p. series 56). the nine inter-American Conferences, 1889-1890 . . ta through 1948 (Bogota). Also, special conferences of 6976. Pan American Union. Division of ConLists of working and formal documents and reports of | Check list of conferences.

Buenos Aires (1936), Chapultepec (1945), and Rio ferences and Organizations. Manual of de J aneiro (1947) and rhe first four meetings of Con- Inter-American relations. Washington,

suitation of Ministers of Foreign Atzairs. 1956. 344 p. (Pan American Union. Con6973. Pan American Union. Columbus Me- ferences and Organizations series 42).

morial Library. Documentos oficiales This is designed “to place in the hands of a delegate to de la Organizacion de los Estados Ameri- 2" Inter-American conference a complete record of

; . _ the action taken at previous conferences with respect

Washington. interest.”

Canos. Indice y lista general. 1960-. to the particular subject in which he has a special

The elaborate subject index to OAS Official Records . . a

i e ‘Guia,’ and the c

under the classification system introduced in 1960. 6977. Pan American Union. Division of ConThe index for 1964, for example (v. 5, no. 3), contains ferences Services. Conferencias especiali-

126 pages. It must be used in conjunction with the zades interamericanas: compilacién de of Official Records themselves. It is deeply cross- datos. [Prep arada por Mario Fuenzalida].

indexed and includes names of individuals. Washington, 1964.

The basic list of “Official Records” of the OAS Definition of “Specialized Conferences” in the techunder the classification system was introduced in nical terms of the OAS system and summaries of 1960. It is published in photo-offset and microcard. activities of conferences in fields of health, children, Documents are listed by general categories (e.g., highways, geography and history, agriculture, tourism, OEA/Ser. G/ ‘Documentos del Consejo de la Organ- ‘Indians, education, statistics, copyright, natural reizacién de los Estados Americanos”) and in numerical sources, ports, labor, and economics in the period order in each category; these numbers (e.g., A2. 1902-1963. Bibliographic notes are provided to docuG849b) are the serial numbers that are also the refer- | Ments, minutes of sessions, etc.

ence numbers given with each entry in the “Indice ° ‘ Analitico.”’ Issued in two parts each year: Jan.—June 6978. U.S. Lib rary of Congress. International and July-Dec. Organizations Section. International sci-

Subscribers to the microcard edition of the docu- entific organizations: a guide to their liments should, for case of reference, purchase the brary, documentation and information photo-offset form, preferably in Spanish, which, as SCTVICES, prepared under the direction of the principal working language of the OAS is used as Kathrine O. Murra. Washington, 1962 the basis for the classification scheme of the OAS fi.e., 1963]. 794 p. Official Records Series.

The marked ‘“‘Limitada”’ are not avail-Vocuments CG ID , able fordocuments public distribution; many of these, however, - Leneral

may be consulted at the Columbus Memorial Library. © ge : Others, marked “‘Confidencial” are not presently 6979. Organization of American States. Ofavailable outside official circles. ficial records. OEA/Ser. A. Jan., 1960-. The two volumes of the “Lista General” for 1964, Washington, 1960-.

for example, contain 51 and 75 pages, respectively, This is the general reference for the Official Records and list nearly 1,000 documents. Each volume also Series of the OAS.

contains a list of the categories of Official Records . . . and a list of acronyms (/) “siglas” of OAS agencies. 6980. Pan American Union. International

See the introductory note for listing of documents Conferences of American States. Second

other than Official Records. supplement, 1942-1954. Washington,

6974. Pan American Union. Department of 1958. 461 p.

International Law. Manual of inter-Amer- Contains texts of treaties, conventions, declarations,

ican relations: a systematic classifica- recommendations, and resolutions adopted by the . ; . Third Meeting of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign tion of the tr calles, conventions, r esolu- Affairs (Rio de Janeiro, 1942), the Inter-American

tions, declarations and r ecommendations Conference on Problems of War and Peace (Chapuladopted at inter-American conferences tepec, 1945), the Inter-American Conference for the and meetings of consultation. Washing- Maintenance of Continental Peace and Security (Rio

ton,> 1953. de Janeiro,States 1947),(Bogota, the Ninth1948), International Conference . na , 296 , of pAmerican the Fourth Meet-

wseful B80. 1890 thn raion on conferences inthe ing of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs P 8 : (Washington, 1951), and the Tenth Inter-American

6975. Pan American Union. Division of Con- Conference (Caracas, 1954).

ferences and Organizations. Inter-Amer- 6981. Scott, James B. The international con-

INTER-AMERICAN RELATIONS & ORGANIZATIONS 643

. ° racas; — as 1clal records oO € .

ferences of American states 1889-1928. SG-4 off the (Loth Inter-American Conference, CaN.Y., 1931. S51 p. (Publication of the Title varies: 1923-1927 — 1938-1948, Report on the pamegie. Endowment for International activities of the PAU to the member governments

eace . (varies). 1948-1953, Report on the activities of the

Texts of documents of the first six inter-American OAS, submitted to Inter-American Conference. 1954-

conferences. 1959, Report submitted by the Pan American Union

the 11th Inter-American Conference. 6982. Scott, James. toB. International confer- ° r . : ;

ences of American states. First supple- 6989. Pan American Union. Governing ment, 1940. Washington, 1941. 558 p. Board. Minutes, v. 1-35. Washington, (Publication of the Carnegie Endowment 1896-1946.

for International Peace). 6990. Pan American Union. Governing

Texts of conventions, recommendations, resolutions, Board. Minutes of the regular meeting. and motions by (Lima, the Seventh (Montevideo, Nov. 5. 1947-. Washington. 19471933) andadopted Eighth 1938) International Confer._? : & ?. ences of American States, the Inter-American Con-

ference for the Maintenance of Peace (B.A., 1936), . and the First (Panama, 1939) and Second (Havana, 4. Treaties and Agreements 1940) Meetings of the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of .

the American Republics for Consultation. Also con- 6991. Inter-American Coffee Agreement. tains documents relating to the organization of these Protocol between the United States of conferences and meetings and information on techni: America and other American Republics

ctherbodies, modifying andfrom extending for one year October 1, 1946, the Agreement of

. (U.S. en , I-

3. O.A.S. Periodic Reports ie ts an Wasmiaston, Publ 6983. Bureau of American Republics. An- cation 2852. Treaties and other internanual report of the director. Washington, tional acts series, 1605).

1891-1901. 6992. Inter-American Conference for the

6984. International American Conference. Maintenance of Continental Peace and Se9th, Bogota, 1948. Informe sobre las ac- curity. Rio de Janeiro, 1947. Inter-Amer-

tividades de la Union Panamericana, ican treaty of reciprocal assistance be-

1938-1948. Washington, 1948. 187 p. tween the U.S. of A. and other American 6985. International Bureau of the American Republics; opened for signature at Rio de

902-1908 1949. 40 p.1902 (U.S. Department tor.hiWashington, , ae ; of State Republics. Annual report of the direc- Janeiro, Sept. 2, 1947... Washington,

Continues the reports previously issued by the director Publication 3380. Treaties and other

of the Bureau of the American Republics. international acts series 1838).

6986. Organization of American States. Sec- 6993. Inter-American Economic and Social

retary General. Annual report. Washing- Council. Recopilacion de tratados, con-

ton, 1947-. venciones, resoluciones y recomenda-

Continues the reports previously issued by the director ciones sobre temas econémicos adoptageneral of the Pan American Union. In 1959 the s4 4s . Annual report did not appear; its place for that year dos por las republicas americanas desde was taken by the repoft submitted by the Pan Ameri- 1889. Washington, 1957. 2 v. can Union to the Eleventh Inter-American Con- The compilation extends to June, 1957.

ference. 6994. Organization of American States. Char6987. Pan American Union. Annual report _ ter. Charter of the Organization of Amer-

a 711 yaar ei ican States signed at Bogota Apr. 30, ~ Washington, . 1948...proclaimed by the President of

the director of the International urea of the Ames, the, United States of America Dec. 27,

can Republics. 1951, entered into force 13, . . 1951. Washington, 1952.December 95 p. (USS.

6988. Pan American men: The OrganiZa- Department of State Publication 4479. tion of American states: report to the Treaties and other international acts se-

Inter-American Conference. 1923- ries . 2361).

1927-. Washington. Report for 1948-1953 issued as Doc. 4 (English) 6995. Pan American Union. Law and treaty

644 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS SINCE 1830 series. No. 1-, Washington, 1925-. Su- meeting, Washington, 1966. Informe geperseded by Organization of American neral del Comité de Accion Cultural y

States, Treaty series. evaluacion de sus actividades desde Su

6996. Pan American Union. General Legal andar “OEAIS ntl 5 waenine: Division. Inter-American treaties and con- on, CTUPR D+ RIOC. 27.

ventions: signatures, ratifications, and 7006. Inter-American Cultural Council. deposits with explanatory notes. Wash- Committee for Cultural Action. Boletin de

ington, 1954—. (Its Treaty series 9). _actas. 1952—-. Washington.

This publication is revised about every three years. ‘Since June 30, 1960—OEA/Ser.J/V.3.10. Boletin de Charts and tables, index, lists of treaties and conven- Actas-CAC-10.

tions from Inter-American conferences, 1901-1954; . P also those from special conferences, LAFTA, and 7007. Inter-American Cultural Council.

Union. report on functioning, activities and studies completed, submitted to the Tenth some bilateral treaties deposited at the Pan American Committee for Cultur al Action. General

5. O.A.S. Organs: Select Documents Inter-American Conference... Washing-

6997. Inter-American Council of Jurists. ton, 1953. Statutes. Translation of the Spanish text 7008. Inter-American Economic and Social approved by the Council of the Organi- Council. Actas. 1940—-. Washington. zation of American States at its meeting 7999, Inter-American Economic and Social

o Ae ‘i re I, and ammenged on May —_ Council. The Alliance for Progress: its » 1797. Washington, 1798. 7 P. first year, 1961-1962. Washington, 1963. 6998. Inter-American Cultural Council. Fi- 198 p. nal act of the meeting, 1959. Washington, “First report on the progress of economic and social

1959. 5p. development Latin America and prospects for the ° future.” This isinnot listed in the Official Records

6999. Inter-American Cultural Council. Ist Series. meeting, Mexico, 1951. Report of the sec- 7910, Inter-American Economic and Social retariat on action taken with regard to = Council. Informe del Consejo Interamethe resolutions and recommendations ap- —_—ricano Econémico y Social acerca de su proved at the Ist meeting. Washington, _fortalecimiento. Washington, 1959. 52 p.

1956. 46 p. (OEA/Ser.H/IV. ES-E-Doc. 2/59 rev.

7000. Inter-American Cultural Council. 2nd 2). meeting, Lima, 1956. Acta final. Wash- 70911. Inter-American Economic and Social

ington, 1956. 97 p. Council. Specialized Committee for Ne-

Texts of resolutions, etc. gotiating and Drafting the Instrument of 7001. Inter-American Cultural Council. 2nd Organization of an Inter-American Fimeeting, Lima, 1956. General report of nancial Institution. Washington, 1960. the Committee for Cultural Action on its (ES-CEIFI. Doc. 1-122).

organization, functioning, activities and ; ; . studies, from its inauguration to the pres- 7012. Meeting of Consultation of Ministers ent. Washington, 1956. 26 p. of Foreign Affairs of American States. 5th,

- Santiago de Chile, 1959. Actas y docu-

7002. Inter-American Cultural Council. 3d mentos. Washington, 1961. 323 p.(OEA/ meeting, San 92 Juan, 1959. ActaC/V.3). final. Wash: Ser. F/III.5). ington, 1960. p. (OEA/Ser.

meron j P (Ser. C] ; 7013. Meeting of Consultation of Ministers

7003. Inter-American Cultural Council. 3d of Foreign Affairs of American States. 6th, meeting, San Juan, 1959. Documentos San José, Costa Rica, 1960. Actas y docu0-134 (espanol). Washington, 1959. 2 v. mentos. Washington, 1961.228 p. (OEA/ 7004. Inter-American Cultural Council. 4th Ser. F/III.6). meeting, Washington, 1966. Documentos. 7914, Meeting of Consultation of Ministers

fair OTA 1966. (OFA/Ser.J/IL.5. of Foreign Affairs of American States. 7th,

OC. San José, Costa Rica, 1960. Actas y docu-

7005. Inter-American Cultural Council. 4th mentos. Washington, 1961. 431 p.(QEA/

INTER-AMERICAN RELATIONS & ORGANIZATIONS 645

Ser. F/II1.7). ington, 1957.2 v. 7015. Meeting of Consultation of Ministers 7024. Economic Conference of the Organizaof Foreign Affairs of American States. 8th, tion of American States. Buenos Aires,

Punta del Este, Uruguay, 1962. Docu- 1957. Summary of the basic documents mentos de la reunion. Washington, 1963. presented to the Economic Conference

304 p. (OEA/Ser. F/III.8). of the Organization of American States

7016. Meeting of Consultation of Ministers (Doc. 15). Washington, 1997. oT p. ;

of Foreign Affairs of American States. 9th, 7025. Inter-American Committee of Presi-

Washington, D.C., 1964. Documentos de dential Representatives. Coleccion comla reunion. 1964. 1espanol). v. (vari- dos pletapor delalosOEA estudios especiales ous pagings)washington, (OEA/Ser. F/II1.9 para la segunda preparareunion

. ou, . del Comité Interamericano de Repre-

7017. Organization of American States. Ad- sentantes de los Presidentes. Washingvisory Committee on Economic and Social ton. 1957

Affairs. Report... Washington, 1960. 65 p. , "

7018. Organization of American States 7026. Inter-American Committee of Presi-

Cou aci? Acta de la sesion. Ma 18. dential Representatives. Report to the 1948— Washingt on, 1948-. , y , Chiefs of State of the American RepubMinutes of the sessions of the Council. lics. Washington, 195 7.65 Pp. ,

; ; This committee was appointed at the suggestion of

7019. Organization of American States. President Eisenhower to make the OAS “a more efCouncil. Decisions taken at the meeting. fective instrument in those fields of cooperative effort

1948Washington, 1951~ OEA/Ser.G/ et ea atiscommittee and the Coane -V. 1, Eng. and sp.). the OAS then appointed to make plans

Each annual volume contains texts or paraphrases of to strengthen the OAS.

decisions arranged chronologically, together with a . . valuable index combining subject and title entries. 7027. Pan American von. Deparoment of

7020. Organization of American States. Cultural Affairs. Carta cultura’ te “ier

Council. Documentos relativos a la situa- Se c. Doc 4) ,

cron entre Costa Rica y Nicaragua del 1. Recopilacién de normas culturales. (1) Educacion 11 de diciembre de 1948 al 28 de enero (A) Conferencias Sanitarias Panamericanas (1902de 1949. Washington, 1949. 225 p. 1950); (B) Congresos, Conferencias y Seminarios In-

. teramericanos de Educacién (1908-1950), Conferen-

7021. United States. Report prepared by the cias Femeninas Inter-americanas (1915-1951); (C)

Government of the United States of Congreso Americano de Ciencias Sociales (5-10 de America for the Inter-American Com- julio de 1916), Conferencias Interamericanas de Ag-

mittee on the Alliance for Progress and etre taba Anos (D) Maegrencias det Tra-

h ] meetin ajo e Esta Os_ ros de ta Urganithe annuaS; of &the ; : Inter-A zacionmeriInternacional delmericanos Vrabajo lem (1936-1949), Re-

can Economic and Social Council. Wash- —unién Técnica sobre Extensién Agricola (1949). (2)

ington, 1963-. (OEA/Ser.H. United Ciencia (A) Conferencias Panamericanas de Uni-

States) formidad de Especificaciones (1924-1927). Cul° tura (A) Congresos Panamericanos del Nifio(3) (1916. . 1948); (B) Congresos Americanos de Expansion

6. O.A.S. Special Conferences: Econémica y Ensenanza Comercial (1919-1922),

. . ESCO (1948-1950).

Select Documents Conferencias Regionales Interamericanas de la 7022. Economic Conference of the Organi- II. Indice analitico de la Recopilaci6n de Normas zation of American States. Buenos Aires, Culturales: (1) Educaci6n; (2) Ciencia; (3) Cultura.

1957. Delegation from the United States. _ Lists a comerences and mer resolutions and Report, with related documents. Wash- detailed subject indexes. fo cultural activities, wit

ington, 1958. 79 p. (U.S. Dept. of State. | Publication 6679. International organiza- 7028. Special Inter-American Conference.

tion and conference series II, American Ist, Washington, 1964. Actas y documen-

Republics 16). tos. ae le 1965. 226 p. (OEA/

7023. Economic Conference of the Organi- ? :

works. Washington. 1962. 24 CECE, Doc. 1-149 (English). Washing-

ston, 2% P. ton, 1958-1959. 149 parts in 1 v.

7055. Pan American Health Organization. The documents at the Columbus Memorial Library Directing Council. First Meeting, Buenos form one of the very few sets in existence of this Aires, 1947. Informe Final. B.A., 1947. important group of documents.

27 p. a 7063. Organization of American States. Spe-

Anexo I: Constitucion de la Organizacion Sanitaria cial Committee to Study the Formulation

Panamericana. of New Measures for Economic Coopera7056. Pan American Institute of Geography tion (CECE). 2d meeting. CECE/II. Docs. and History. Asamblea preliminar, Meéx- 1-111. Buenos Aires, 1959.

648 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS SINCE 1830 7064. Organization of American States. Spe- N.Y., 1965. 339 p. cial Committee to Study the Formulation Chaps. | and 2 are “Law of the Inter-American of New Measures for Economic Coopera- -ommunity, wan ner American \aw. wicate ot

tion (CECE). 3d meeting, Bogota, 1960. 4. ” ad cme ———— Oba SerG wD 1-85. Bogota, 1960. 7072. Dreier, John C. The Organization of

American States and the hemisphere cri-

7065. Pan American Union. Department of sis. N.Y., 1962. 147 p.

Legal Affairs. Inter-American Treaty of A former U.S. ambassador to the OAS reviews Reciprocal Assistance: applications. fifteen years’ experience and looks toward the future.

Washington, 1964. 2 v., map. 7073. Fenwick, Charles G. The Organization V. I covers 1948-1959; v. 2, 1960-1964. of American States: the inter-American 7066. U.S. Department of State. Historical regional system. Washington, 1963. Office. Inter-American efforts to re- XXXvill, 601 p. map, bibl. lieve international tensions inthe Western 2 international lawyer, long on the staff of the PAU, Hemisphere, 1959-1960. Washin gton, describes organization and legal relationships.

1962. 410 p. bibl. (U.S. Dept. of State. 7074. Fernandez-Shaw, Félix G. La Organi-

Pub. 7409. Inter-American series 79). zacion Estados .E.A.,de unalos nueva visionAmericanos, de América.

10. Histories and Commentaries 2. ed. Madrid, 1963. 989 p. map, bibl. 7067. Burr, Robert N., and Roland D. Hus. 1"°2tY '€%'8 and other documents. |

sey, eds. Documents on inter-American 7975. Gil, Enrique. Evolucion del panameri-

cooperation. Philadelphia, 1955. 2 v. canismo: el credo de Wilson y el pan(University of Pennsylvania. Dept. of americanismo. B.A., 1933. 490 p. bibl.

History. Translations and reprints from Analytical noHoy . he Browth st Pan’ Americanism the original sources of history. 4th series). ‘Argentine iMternational lawyer. rates by an eminent Important collection of documents, speeches, and

articles that “reflect the ideas and opinions of menof 7076. Herrera Lane, Felipe. The Interhiner American ceoncration an organized system American Bank: instrument for Latin

tion). : i i

° American development. Addresses... .

7068. Castaneda, Jorge. Mexico and the Washington, 1962. 197 p.

United Nations. N.Y., 1958. 244 p.(Na- The bank’s president states its aims and policies.

tional studies on international organiza- 7077. Humphrey, John T. The inter-AmeriAn important book suggesting the desirability of a 1942-329 p a Canadian view. Toronto, Latin, rather than an Inter-American, organization of 4 Canadian scholar examines the changes wrought in

states in the Western Hemisphere. the inter-American system by the Good Neighbor 7069. Connell-Smith, Gordon. The inter- Policy and looks to the future.

American system. London, 1966. 376 p. 7078. Inter-American Conference on Probbibl. . lems of War and Peace, México, 1945.

So Ly tnee Tod itis particalarly valuable as «Delegation from Brazil. Relatério da

a knowledgable and dispassionate external appraisal Delegacao do Brasil a Conferencia In-

of inter-American affairs. teramericana sObre Problemas da Guerra

7070. Cuevas Cancino, Francisco M. Del This Mae RO ecithaitebot the views of the consreso a 2genio Conterencia de government of Brazil at the time of the Chapultepec aracas:Coen — , €l Ge HBONVar conference.

a traves de la historia de las relaciones 4979 K ybitschek, Juscelino. Report on the A interamericanas. 2 v. Alliance road review of the Caracas, influence 1955. of Bolivar’s ideas on .for Progress. Washington, 1963.

the development of Pan-Americanism, by a sympa- 48 p. illus. (OEA/Ser.H/X.4. CIES/350). thetic Mexican diplomat and historian. Recommendations by a former president of Brazil.

7071. De Vries, Henry P., and José Rod- 7080. Lleras Camargo, Alberto. The interriguez-Novas. The law of the Americas: American way of life: selections from an introduction to the legal systems of recent addresses and writings of Alberto the American republics. Dobbs Ferry, Lleras. Washington, 1951. 46 p.

INTER-AMERICAN RELATIONS & ORGANIZATIONS 649 Colombia secretary nonintervention protocol. eneral of the PAUof expresses his and faithformer in the OAS. 5Former P president 7084. Thomas, Ann, and A. J. Thomas, Jr.

7081. McGann, Thomas F. Argentina, the The Organization of American States.

United States, and the inter-American Dallas, 1963. 530 p. .

system 1880-1914. Cambridge, Mass, {itrecrarattention to peaceful settlement.

1957., 7085. 332 p. Tobar (Harvard historical studies P P me 70). Donoso, Julio. La invasion Based largely on research in Argentine sources, this peruana y el Protocolo de Rio: antece-

study documents Argentine resistance to United dentes y explicacién histérica. Quito

States initiatives and leadership in thesystem. early modern 1945. period of the inter-American " Pp. PS.559 , _p. maps , Important memoir by the foreign minister of Ecuador “11 ‘ay 7 - in 1941-1942 demonstrating the failure of the sys-

7082. Manger, William. Pan America in cn tem of consultation initiated in 1936 at the Buenos sis: the future of the OAS. Washington, Aires conference to keep peace between his country

1961. 104 p. and Peru.

A former assistant secretary general of the PAU ex- ‘

presses doubts about the future of the OAS and criti- 7086. Whitaker, Arthur P. The western

cizes policies of the United States. hemisphere idea: its rise and decline.

, Ithaca, N.Y., 1954. 194 p. bibl.

7083. Mexico. Delegacion a la Conferencia An intellectual history of ideas of differentiation and Interamericana de Consolidacién de la __ solidarity in the Western Hemisphere, especially in Paz, B.A., 1936. Conferenciainternacional the United States.

de consolidacion de la paz. Informe de la 7087. Yepes, Jesis M. Le panamericanisme

delegacién de México... México, 1938. au point de vue historique, juridique et

308 p. politique. Paris, 1936. 188 p.

The Mexican report on the role of the delegation atthe For a French audience, a Colombian international Buenos Aires Conference; it is important for Mexican lawyer appraises the history and prospects of cooperaviews about the significance and implications of the tion among states of the Western Hemisphere.

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England) San Marcos (Lima) York) de Venezuela (Caracas)

Political Science Quarterly (New PSQ Revista de la Sociedad Bolivariana RSBV

654 PERIODICALS CITED Revista de la Universidad RUCL Revue d’Histoire de /Amérique RHAF

Catdlica (Lima) Frangaise (Paris)

Buenos Aires (Paris)

Revista de la Universidad de RUBA Revue d’ Histoire des Colonies RHC Revista del Instituto de Historia RIHD Revue d’Histoire Ecclesiastique RHE

del Derecho (Buenos Aires) (Louvain) Geografico del Uruguay Contemporaire (Paris) (Montevideo) Revue de la Société d’ Histoire et RHGH

Revista del Instituto Hist6ricoy RIHGU Revue d’Histoire Moderne et RHMC

Revista del Museo e Instituto RMC de Geographie d’ Haiti (Port-

Arqueoldégico (Cuzco) au-Prince)

Revista del Museo Nacional RMN Revue de la Societe Haitienne RHHG

(Lima) d’ Histoire de Geographie et de

Revista do Arquivo Municipal de RMSP Geologie (Port-au-Prince)

Sao Paulo Revue Francaise d’ Histoire RFHO

Revista do Instituto Geografico RIGH (B) d’Outre-mer (Paris)

e Historico da Bahia Revue Hispanique (Bordeaux) RHISP

Revista do Instituto Historicoe RIHGB Revue Historique (Paris) RH

Geografico Brasileiro (Rio de Janeiro) Rivista Storica Italiana (Napoli) RSI

Paulo) ,

Revista do Instituto Hist6ricoe RIHG(RG) Royal Historical Society, TRHS Geografico de Rio Grande do Sul Transactions (London)

(Porto Alegre) Runa. Archivo paralas Ciencias R

Revista do Museu Paulista(Sao RMP del Hombre (Buenos Aires)

Revista do Servico do Patrimonio RSPH Science (Washington, D.C.) S

(Recife) (Jamaica) . . ; ; logy (Albuquerque) grafia (Washington, D.C.) Porosy Revista Interamericana de RICS Southwestern Social Science SSSQ Historico e Artistico Nacional Social and Economic Studies SES

Revista Historica (Lima) RHL Southwestern Historical SWHQ Revista Historica (Montevideo) RHCA Quarterly (Austin)

Revista Interamericana de Biblio- RIB Southwestern Journal of Anthro- SWJA

Ciencias Sociales (Washington, Quarterly (Austin)

D.C.) Trabajos y Comunicaciones TC

Revista Internacional de RIS (La Plata)

Sociologia (Madrid) Transactions of the Connecticut TCAS

Revista Juridica (Cochabamba) RJC Academy of Arts and Sciences Revista Mexicana de Estudios RMEA (New Haven)

Antropoldgicos (Mexico) El Trimestre Econémico (México) TE

Revista Mexicana de Sociologia RMS

(México) United States Naval Institute USNI

Revista Municipal (Lisboa) RML Proceedings (Annapolis)

i nade

Revista Nacional (Montevideo) RN L'Universo (Firenze) U

(Caracas) (Habana)

Revista Nacional de Cultura RNC Universidad de la Habana UH

Revista Peruana de Cultura RPC Wamani (Ayacucho) Ww Revista Portuguesa de Filologia) RPF Willacy Quarterly WMQ (Lisboa)

(Coimbra) (New Haven)

Revista Portuguesa de Historia RPH Yale University Library Gazette YULG Revista Universitaria (Cuzco) RUCZ Revista Universitaria Catolica RUC (Lima)

KEY TO PERIODICALS

A Annais: Estudos de Historia e Geografia do Expansao Portuguesa (Lisboa)

AA American Antiquity (Washington, D.C.) AAM Acta Americana (Washington, D.C.)

AAN American Anthropologist (Washington, D.C.)

AANA Anales de la Academia Nacional de Artes y Letras (Habana)

AANT Acta Anthropologica (México)

ABA Archivum (Buenos Aires)

ABN Anais da Bibliotheca Nacional do Rio de Janeiro ACA Amazonia Colombiana Americanista (Sibundoy) ACHS Anuario Colombiano de Historia Social y de la Cultura (Bogota)

AEA Anuario de Estudios Americanos (Sevilla) AEAT Anuario de Estudios Atlanticos (Madrid-Las Palmas) AESC Annales: Economies, Sociétés Civilisations (Paris)

AH Agricultural History (Berkeley, Calif.)

AHA Anuario de Historia Argentina (Buenos Aires) AHDE Anuario de Historia del Derecho Espanol (Madrid) AHG Antropologia e Historia de Guatemala (Guatemala) AHR American Historical Review (New York) AHRF Annales Historiques de la Revolution Francaise (Paris)

Al América Indigena (México)

AIAH Anuario del Instituto de Antropologia e Historia, Universidad Central de Venezuela (Caracas)

AIAP Anuario do Instituto Anchietano de Pesquisas (Pérto Alegre) AIHM Archivo Iberoamericano de Historia de Medicina (Madrid) AIHR Anuario del Instituto de Investigaciones Historicas (Rosario) AINA Anales del Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia (México)

AIP Anales de Instrucci6n Primaria (Montevideo) AJS American Journal of Sociology (Chicago) AMP | Anais do Museu Paulista (Sao Paulo)

AN American Neptune (Salem, Mass.)

ANTH Anthropos (Fribourg, Switzerland) APSP American Philosophical Society, Proceedings (Philadelphia) APSR American Political Science Review (Washington, D.C.) AQ Anthropological Quarterly (Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C.)

ARCH Archivum (Paris)

ASFV Anuario de la Asociacion Francisco de Vitoria AUC Anales de la Universidad de Chile (Santiago de Chile) AUH Anales de la Universidad Hispalense (Sevilla) AUM Anales de la Universidad (Montevideo) AUNC Anuario, Departamento de Historia, Universidad de Cordoba (Cérdoba, Argentina)

AUNCU Anales del Instituto de Investigaciones Historicas (Universidad Nacional de Cuyo)

BACH Boletin de la Academia Chilena de la Historia (Santiago de Chile) BAGN Boletin del Archivo General de la Nacié6n (México) BANC Boletin del Archivo Nacional, Cuba (Habana) BANH (BA) Boletin de la Academia Nacional de la Historia (Buenos Aires) BANH (C) Boletin de la Academia Nacional de Historia (Caracas)

656 KEY TO PERIODICALS BAP British Academy Proceedings (London) BASD Boletin del Archivo General de la Nacién (Santo Domingo)

BB Boletin Bibliografico de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (Lima)

BBAA Boletin Bibliografico de Antropologia Americana (México) BBNM Boletin de la Biblioteca Nacional (México)

BBSP Boletin Bibliografico (Sao Paulo)

BFAN Bulletin de l’ Institut Francais d’ Afrique Noire BFCL Boletim, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciéncias e Letras (Sao Paulo) BFFC Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciéncias e Letras (Lisboa)

BGL Boletim da Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa

BH. Bulletin Hispanique (Bordeaux)

BHA Boletin de Historia y Antigiiedades (Bogota)

BHC Boletin Histérico (Caracas)

BHM Bulletin of the History of Medicine (Baltimore, Md.) BHPR Boletin Hist6rico de Puerto Rico (San Juan) BHR Business History Review (Cambridge, Mass. ) BIBL Boletim Internacional de Bibliografia Luso-Brasileira (Lisboa) BICR Bulletin of the International Committee on Urgent Anthropological and Ethnological Research (Vienna)

BIHA Boletin del Instituto de Historia Argentina, “Dr. Emilio Ravignani”’ (Buenos Aires)

BIHR Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research (London) BITH Boletin del Instituto de Investigaciones Hist6ricas (Buenos Aires) BMT Boletin del Ministerio de Trabajo, Prevision Social y Salubridad (La Paz) BRSG Boletin de la Real Sociedad Geografica (Madrid) BSGH Boletin de la Sociedad Geografica y de Historia ‘‘Potosi”’ BSGI Bollettino della Societa Geografica Italiana (Roma) BTLV Bijdragen tot de Taal-Land en Valkenkunde (s’Gravenhage) BUCH Boletin de la Universidad de Chile (Santiago)

CA Current Anthropology (Chicago) CC Cursos y Conferencias (Buenos Aires) CCO Cuba Contemporanea (Habana)

CHM Cahiers d’ Histoire Mondiale (Paris) CHR Catholic Historical Review (Washington, D.C.) CHSQ California Historical Society Quarterly (San Francisco)

CHT Cuadernos de Historia Teatral (Buenos Aires)

CP Cultura Politica (Rio de Janeiro) CS Caribbean Studies (Rio Piedras, P.R.)

CSSH Comparative Studies in Society and History (The Hague)

CUA Cuadernos Americanos (México)

D Documenta (Lima) E Ethnohistory (Amherst, N.Y.)

EA Estudios Americanos (Sevilla)

ECM Estudios de Cultura Maya (México) ECN Estudios de Cultura Nahuatl (México) ECS Economia y Ciéncias Sociales (Caracas) EG Economic Geography (Worcester, Mass.) EGM Estudios Geograficos (Madrid) EHR Economic History Review (Cambridge, England) EHSE Estudios de Historia Social de Espana (Madrid)

EJ Economic Journal (Cambridge, England)

ELA Etudes Latino-Américaines (Aix-en-Provence)

KEY TO PERIODICALS 657 ENHR English Historical Review (London)

ES Ethnologiska Studier (Goteborg)

F Fenix (Lima)

FHQ Florida Historical Quarterly (Gainesville)

FL Filosofia y Letras (México) GJ Geographical Journal (London)

GR Geographical Review (New York)

H Hispania (Wichita, Kans.)

HAHR Hispanic American Historical Review (Durham, N.C.)

HBA Historia (Buenos Aires)

HLAS Handbook of Latin American Studies (Washington, D.C.)

HLP Humanidades (La Plata) HM Historia Mexicana (México) HPR Historia (Puerto Rico)

HTR Harvard Theological Review (Cambridge, Mass.)

HZ Historische Zeitschrift (Miinchen)

IAE International Archives of Ethnography (Leyden)

IAEA Inter-American Economic Affairs (Washington, D.C.)

IH Investigaciones Hist6ricas IM Imago Mundi (Leyden)

JEH Journal of Economic History (New York)

JGSW Jahrbuch fiir Geschichte von Staat, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Lateinamerikas (K6ln)

JHI Journal of the History of Ideas (New York)

JIAS Journal of Inter-American Studies (Miami, Fla. )

JMH Journal of Modern History (Chicago) JNH Journal of Negro History (Washington, D.C.)

JSAP Journal de la Société des Américanistes de Paris (Paris)

L Letras (Universidad Mayor de San Marcos, Lima) LARR Latin American Research Review (Austin) LASP L’ Année Sociologique (Paris)

LLJ Law Library Journal (New York)

MA Mid-America (Chicago)

MAMH Memorias, Academia Mexicana de Historia (México)

MH Missionalia Hispanica MP Mercurio Peruano (Lima)

MINI Memorias, Instituto Nacional Indigenista (México) NH Natural History (American Museum of Natural History, New York) NMA New Mexico Anthropologist (Albuquerque)

NRS Nuova Rivista Storica (Milano)

O Osiris (Bruges) P Population (Paris)

PAIM Problemas Agricolos e Industriales de México PHR Pacific Historical Review (Los Angeles)

PICA Proceedings of the International Congress of Americanists

PP Past and Present (Oxford)

PR Polar Record (Cambridge, England)

PRAI Proceedings of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland

658 KEY TO PERIODICALS PSQ Political Science Quarterly (New York) QJILC Quarterly Journal of the Library of Congress (Washington, D.C.)

R Runa. Archivo para las Ciencias del Hombre (Buenos Aires) RABM Revista de Archivos Bibliotecas y Museos (Madrid) RADSP Revista de Administracao (Sao Paulo) RASP Revista de Antropologia de Sao Paulo

RBC Revista Bimestre Cubana (Habana)

RBCS Revista Brasileira de Ciéncias Sociais (Belo Horizonte) RBEP Revista Brasileira de Estudos Politicos (Belo Horizonte) RBN Revista de la Biblioteca Nacional (Buenos Aires) RBNH Revista de la Biblioteca Nacional (Habana)

RC Revista Cubana (Habana)

RCBC Revista de Ciencias Bibliograficas Cubana (Habana) RCHG Revista Chilena de Historia y Geografia (Santiago de Chile)

RCS Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Rio Piedras, P.R.)

RE Revista de Economia (Lisboa)

REP Revista de Estudios Politicos (Madrid) RFCE Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Econémicas y Comerciales, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (Lima)

RFDL Revista da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de Lisboa RFHO Revue Francaise d’ Histoire d’Outre-mer (Paris) RFLL Revista da Faculdade de Letras, Universidade de Lisboa

RH Revue Historique (Paris)

RHA Revista de Historia de América (México)

RHAF Revue d’ Histoire de |’ Amérique Francaise (Paris)

RHBA Revista de Historia (Buenos Aires) RHC Revue d’ Histoire des Colonies (Paris) RHCA Revista Histérica (Montevideo) RHE Revue d’Histoire Ecclesiastique (Louvain)

RHGH Revue de la Société d’ Histoire et de Geographie d’ Haiti (Port-au-Prince) RHHG Revue de la Société Haitienne d’ Histoire de Geographie et de Geologie (Port-au-Prince)

RHISP Revue Hispanique (Bordeaux)

RHL Revista Histérica (Lima)

RHMC Revue d’ Histoire Moderne et Contemporaire (Paris) RHPR Revista de Historia de Puerto Rico (Mayaguez)

RHSP Revista de Historia (Sao Paulo)

RI Revista de Indias (Madrid)

RIB Revista Interamericana de Bibliografia (Washington, D.C.) RICS Revista Interamericana de Ciencias Sociales (Washington, D.C.) RIGH (B) Revista do Instituto Geografico e Histérico da Bahia RIHD Revista del Instituto de Historia del Derecho (Buenos Aires) RIHG(RG)_ Revista do Instituto Historico e Geografico de Rio Grande do Sul (Pérto Alegre)

RIHGB Revista do Instituto Hist6rico e Geografico Brasileiro (Rio de Janeiro) RIHGU Revista del Instituto Hist6rico y Geografico del Uruguay (Montevideo)

RIS Revista Internacional de Sociologia (Madrid)

RJC Revista Juridica (Cochabamba)

RMC Revista del Museo e Instituto Arqueolégico (Cuzco) RMEA Revista Mexicana de Estudios Antropolégicos (México)

RML Revista Municipal (Lisboa) RMN Revista del Museo Nacional (Lima) RMP Revista do Museu Paulista (Sao Paulo) RMS Revista Mexicana de Sociologia (México)

KEY TO PERIODICALS 659 RMSP Revista do Arquivo Municipal de Sao Paulo

RN Revista Nacional (Montevideo) _

RNC Revista Nacional de Cultura (Caracas) RPC Revista Peruana de Cultura (Lima) RPF Revista Portuguesa de Filologia (Lisboa) RPH Revista Portuguesa de Historia (Coimbra)

RSBV Revista de la Sociedad Bolivariana de Venezuela (Caracas)

RSI Rivista Storica Italiana (Napoli)

RSPH Revista do Servico do Patrimonio Historico e Artistico Nacional (Recife) RUBA Revista de la Universidad de Buenos Aires

RUC Revista Universitaria Catolica (Lima) RUCL Revista de la Universidad Catolica (Lima) RUCZ Revista Universitaria (Cuzco)

S Science (Washington, D.C.)

SES Social and Economic Studies (Jamaica) SSSQ Southwestern Social Science Quarterly (Austin) SWHQ Southwestern Historical Quarterly (Austin) SWJA Southwestern Journal of Anthropology (Albuquerque)

TA Americas, The (Washington, D.C.) TC Trabajos y Comunicaciones (La Plata)

TCAS Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences (New Haven)

TE El Trimestre Econémico (México) TH Historian, The (Allentown, Pa.)

TRHS Royal Historical Society, Transactions (London)

U L’Universo (Firenze)

UH Universidad de la Habana (Habana) USNI United States Naval Institute Proceedings (Annapolis)

W Wamani (Ayacucho)

WMQ William and Mary Quarterly (Williamsburg) YULG Yale University Library Gazette (New Haven)

INDEX Abad, José R., 933 Alayza Paz Soldan, Luis, 3750, 5421

Abad de Santillan, Diego, 6066 Alba, Victor, 532, 581, 4131 Abad Queipo, Manuel, 3522 Albarran Puente, Glicerio, 6320 Abascal y Sousa, José F. de, 3626 Alberdi, Juan B., 5885, 5886

Abbad y Lasierra, Inigo, 2700 Albirés, René Marill. See Marill, René (pseud.)

Abbot, Abiel, 4601 Alberini, Coriolano, 5808

Abbott, George C., 4857, 4858 Albi, Fernando, 1688 Abecia Baldivieso, Valentin, 5523 Albo, Xavier, 1584 Abella Trias, Julio C., 6319 Alcazar Molina, Cayetano, 2050, 2113 Aboal Amaro, José A., 1972 Alcedo, Antonio de, 2083 Abonnenc, Emile, 112 Alcina Franch, José, 1318, 1357, 2035, 2036 Abranches, Dunshee de, 6619, 6669 Alegre, Francisco Javier, 2417

Abreu, Joao Capistrano de 3223, 3348, 3349 Alegria, Fernando, 636 Academia de la Historia de Cuba, 3931, 4595 Alem, Leandro N., 5958, 5959

Academia Nacional de la Historia, Buenos Aires, 747, Aleman Bolafios, Gustavo, 4544

$807 Alemparte Robles, Julio, 3068, 3773

Academia Nacional de la Historia, Caracas, 285, Alende, Oscar E., 6127

3419, 3436, 3616, 4975 Alessandri Palma, Arturo, 5674

Academia Nacional de la Historia, Quito, 5312 Alessio Robles, Miguel, 4345

Academy of American Franciscan History. Library, |! Alessio Robles, Vito 2458, 2459, 4093, 4346

Accioly, Hildebrando, 3489, 3490, 3899 Alexander, Hartley B., 1132

Acedo Mendoza, Carlos, 5039 Alexander, Herbert B., 6531

Acevedo, Edberto O., 3126, 3149 Alexander, Robert J., 533, 534, 582, 738, 5040, 5560, Acevedo, Eduardo, 1083, 1084, 3794, 6348 5619, 6096 Acevedo Alvarez, Eduardo, 6444, 6445 Alfaro, Carlos, 607

Acevedo Diaz, Eduardo, 6284, 6415 Alfaro, Eloy, 5344 Acossano, Benigno, 6095 Alencar Araripe, Tristao de. See Araripe, Tristao de

Acosta, Aurelio, 5169 Alencar Acosta, José de, 1306, 2082 Alfaro, Ricardo J., 4559, 5199 Acosta Saignes, Miguel, 5005 Alisky, Marvin, 290

Acosta y Lara, Eduardo F., 3101 Allende, Andrés R., 5921

Acufia, Angel, 5941 Almagia, Roberto, 1867

Adam y Silva, Ricardo, 4664 Alman, Miriam, 341 Adams, Eleanor B., 2307, 2382, 2414, 2510, 2541 Almaraz, Sergio, 5545 Adams, Jane E., 6530 Almeida, Aluisio de (pseud.), 6573

Adams, Richard N., 588, 1288, 4387, 4497 Almeida, Candido Mendes de, 784, 3367

Adler, John H., 4589 Almeida, Fortunato de, 1622, 1774 Advielle, Victor, 2754 Almeida, José A. de, 6620 Affonso Celso, Affonso Celso de Assis Figueiredo, Almeida, Luis Ferrand de, 1973

conde de, 6572 Almeida, Manoel Antonio de, 3918 Agassiz, Louis, 6498 Almeida, Renato, 785 Agia, Miguel, 2999 Almeida, Tito Franco de, 6574 Agassiz, Elizabeth C., 6498 Almeida, Martins de, 6718

Agramonte y Cortijo, Francisco, 392 Almeida Corréa de Sa, José d’, marques de Lavradio.

Aguado, Pedro de, 1479 See Sa, José d’ Almeida Corréa de, marques de

Aguado Bleye, Pedro, 1621 Lavradio Aguayo Spencer, Rafael, 2388 Almeidae Mello, Américo Braziliense de. See Mello, Agudelo Ramirez, Luis E., 5230 Américo Braziliense de Almeida e

Aguiar, Manoel Pinto de, 783, 3270 Almeida Prado, Joao F. de. See Prado, Joao F. de

Aguilar, Francisco de, 2310 Almeida

Aguilar, José, 418 Alonso, Amado, 5796

Aguilar, Leon, 4474 Alonso, Isidoro, 680, 5041

Aguilera, Miguel, 886, 5170 Alonso Pineiro, Armando, 5942 Aguirre, Juan F., 3089 AIl’perovich, Moisei S., 3515, 4283, 4284

Aguirre Beltran, Gonzalo, 1310, 2389 Alsina, Juan A., 748 Aguirre Berlanga, Manuel, 4282 Altamira y Crevea, Rafael, 2037, 2091, 2092, 2114, Aguirre Humeres, Alfonso, 5692 2238, 6945 Ahumada y Moreno, Pascual, 6809 Altolaguire y Duvale, Angel de, 1950

Aimes, Hubert H.S., 904 Alva Orlandini, Hernan, 1062 Aiton, Arthur S., 2335 Alvarado, Francisco de, 1339 Alaman, Lucas, 992, 2279, 3543 Alvarado, Lisandro, 4976 Alaux, Gustave d’ (pseud.), 4756 Alvarado, Pedro de, 2529

662 INDEX

Alvarado Tezozomoc, Fernando, | 382 Antonio, Nicolas, 5

Alvarez, Alejandro, 6933 Antunez y Acevedo, Rafael, 2163

Alvarez, Juan, 749, 5836 Aponte, José Manuel, 5588

Alvarez, Moisés, 556! Aramayo, Félix A., 5589

Alvarez Andrews, Oscar, 5746 Aramburu, Pedro E., 6128 Alvarez F., Mercedes M., 3663 Aranedo Bravo, Fidel, $642, 5785 Alvarez Pedrosa, Armando, 1909 Arango Ferrer, Javier, 887 Alvarez Rubiano, Pablo, 2545 Arango y Parrefio, Francisco de, 4636 Alvarez Vignoli, Juan A., 6285 Aranzaes, Nicanor, 393, 5531 Alvear, Marcelo T. de, 6067 Araoz de la Madrid, Gregorio, 3627 Alverez, Juan, 749 Araripe, Tristao de Alencar, 788, 6670 Alves, Marieta, 786 Araujo, Alexandre Herculano de Carvalho, 1624, 1775 Alves de Mattos, Luiz. See Mattos, Luiz Alves de Araujo, Orestes, 434, 1085 Alvéstegui, David, 561 | Araujo Guimaraes, Alberto Carlos d’. See Guimaraes,

Amadeo, Mario, 6012 Alberto Carlos d’Araujo

Amadeo, Santos P., 6013 Arbo, Higinio, 6233

Amado, Gilberto, 6464, 6690 Arboleda, Gustavo, 5172 Amador de los Rios, José, 1746 Arboleda, Sergio, 5173 Amaral, Antonio J. Azevedo, 6719 Arboleda Llorente, José M., 5200 Amaral, Braz do, 3900 Arcaya, Pedro M., 1103, 2927, 4977, 5006 Amaral Insiarte, Alfredo, 5831 Arce, José, 5992, 6861 Amat y Junient, Manuel de, 2977 Arce, Manuel J., 3552, 4394

Amaya, Juan G., 4255 Archivo Mexicano, 2336

Amaya C., Luis F., 4285 Arcila Farias, Eduardo, 1104, 2352, 2910, 2918, Ameal, Joao, 1623 2919, 2920 . American Geographical Society of New York, 433 Arcila Robledo, Gregorio, 2934 American Geographical Society of New York. Arciniegas, German, 589, 681, 1966

Library, 291 Arcondo, Anibal B., 5935

American Historical Association, 2 Arcos, Juan, 583

American Universities Field Staff, 3 Ardao, Arturo, 1086, 6321, 6322, 6323 Areas Studies Division, 447, 5225, 5530 Ardouin, Beaubrun, 969

American University, Washington, D.C. Foreign Ardao, Maria J., 3603, 6400

Amerlan, Albert, 6207 Arduz Eguia, Gaston, 5569

Amézaga, Mariano, 5443 Arellano Moreno, Antonio, 2911, 2912, 2921 Amézaga Aresti, Vicente de, 2917 Arena, Domingo, 6416 Amico, Carlos d’, 5964, 5965 Arenas Guzman, Diego, 4287

Amora, Antonio Soares, 787 Arenas y Loayza, Carlos, 5503 Amunategui, Gregorio V., 3775 Arévalo, Juan José, 4498

Amsterdam. Universiteit, 4 Ares Pons, Roberto, 6456 Amunategui, Miguel L., 3774, 3775, 5701 Argentine Republic, 5845

Amunategui Solar, Domingo, 870, 5651, 5664, 5790 Argentine Republic. Archivo General, 3091, 3092,

Anaya Ibarra, Pedro M., 4286 3437, 3438

Ancizar, Manuel, 5131 Argentine Republic. Comision Nacional de InvestiAnders, Ferdinand, 1340, 1358, 1426 gaciones, 6097, 6098 Anderson, Charles W., 535 Argentine Republic. Congreso, 3617 Anderson, Gerald, 1951 Argentine Republic. Congreso. Biblioteca, 2861 Anderson, Robert W., 4728 Argentine Republic. Congreso. Camara de Diputa-

Anderson-Imbert, Enrique, 637 dos, 6014

Andrade, Almir de, 3281, 661 1 Argentine Republic. Consejo Federal de Inversiones,

Andrade, Oswaldo S., 6677 6129 Andrade, Roberto, 946, 3709, 5302, 5345 Argentine Republic. Direccién Nacional de EstadisAndrade, Vicente de Paula, 2262 tica y Censos, 465, 466

Andrade de Pombo, Helena, 5271 Argentine Republic. Instituto Geografico Militar,

Andrade S., Francisco, 5098 419, 420, 435

Andrea, Miguel de, 6058 Argentine Republic. Ministerio de Relaciones ExAndreoni, Joao A., 3233 teriores y Culto, 329, 6855 Andrews, E. Wyllys IV, 1154 Argentine Republic. Treaties, etc., 6756

Andrews, Joseph, 3632 Arguedas, Alcides, 3751, 5532 Andrews, Kenneth R., 2579, 2597 Argiiedas, José M., 268, 269

Andujar, Gerardo, 6134 Argul, José P., 6324

Angelis, Pedro de, 3090 Arias, Juan de Dios, 4177

Anguita, Ricardo, 5665 Arinos, Affonso. See Franco, Affonso Arinos de Angulo Iniquez, Diego, 617, 2223, 2620 Mello Aniceto Blanco, Pedro, 5546 Arinos de Mello Franco, Affonso. See Franco, AffonAnrique Reyes, Nicolas, 184, 5639 so Arinos de Mello

Anselmo, Antonio J., 1603 Armaignac, H[enry], 5908 Anton, Ferdinand, 1226 Armas Chitty, José A. de, 1105

INDEX 663

Armas Medina, Fernando de, 1585, 3028 Azevedo, M. D. Moreira de, 3319

Armitage, John, 789 Azevedo, Rui de, 1805

Arnade, Charles W., 136, 2460, 2461, 2462, 2463, Azevedo, Thales de, 791, 1512, 3282

2464, 3604, 3752, 5524 Azevedo, Walter Alexander de, 3901

Arnaiz y Freg, Arturo, 4178 Azevedo Amaral, Antonio J. See Amaral, Anténio J.

Arnoldsson, Sverker, 2239 Azevedo

Arosemena, Justo, 5174 Azpurua, Ramon, 394, 3618 Arosemena, Pablo, 5082 Azuela, Mariano, 4340 Arosemena Garland, Geraldo, 5444, 5445 Azula Barrera, Rafael, 5231

Arozteguy, Abdon, 640]

Arquidioécesis de Bogota. Secretariado Permanente Babin, Maria T., 4718

del Episcopado, 5125 Babini, José, 5809

Arrangoiz y Berzabal, Francisco de Paula de, 4084 Bachiller y Morales, Antonio, 213, 905, 2645

Arrate y Acosta, José M. F. de, 2644 Badia Malagrida, Carlos, 6761

Arredondo, Horacio, 1087, 6286 Badillo, Victor M., 4948 Arriaga, Pablo J. de, 3023 Baena, Antonio Ladislau Monteiro, 792

Arrieta, Rafael Alberto, 750 Baer, Werner, 6642 Arriola, Jorge Luis, 4484 Baer, Yitzhak F., 1748 Arrom, José J., 657 Baez, Cecilio, 6171, 6214, 6768 Arrubla, Gerardo, 894 Baez Allende, Amadeo, 6243

Arruda, Manuel Monteiro Velho, 1847 Bagu, Sergio, 2165, 3664, 6003, 6068

Artagaveytia, Ricardo, 6287 Baiao, Anténio, 1848, 3300

Artaza, Policarpo, 6234 Bailey, T. A., 6934 Artola, Miguel, 3956 Baily, Samuel L., 6099

Artinano y de Galdacano, Gervasio de, 2164 Baillie, Alexander F., 6165

Arzans de Orsua y Vela, Bartolomé, 2944 Bain, Harry F., 555

Arze Loureiro, Eduardo, 5620 Baker, E. C., 4907 Arze Quiroga, Eduardo, 5621 Baker, JohnN. L., 1868 Ascarrunz, Moisés, 5612 Balaguer, Joaquin, 3957, 4697

Ashe, Geoffrey, 1899 Balcazar, Juan M., 5563, 5622 Asher, Georg M., 3212 Balch, Emily Green, 4779

Asociacion Nacional de Contadores y Peritos Mer- Baldus, Herbert, 141 cantiles. Instituto de Economia, Finanzas y Admin- Balestra, Juan, 5971

istraciOn, 6446 Ballesteros, Pio, 2115

Asociacion Nacional de Hacendados de Cuba, 4637 Ballesteros Gaibrois, Manuel, 2709, 2970

Aspinall, Algernon E., 449, 4839 Ballesteros y Beretta, Antonio, 1625, 1910 Assis Barbosa, Francisco de. See Barbosa, Francisco Ballet, Jules, 2785

de Assis Balmaceda, José M., 5666

Assuncao, Fernando O., 3161 Banbuck, Cabuzel A., 2786 Astorquiza, Octavio, 5693 Banco Central de Reserva del Pert, 5387 Astrain, Antonio, 1789 _ Banco de la Republica, Bogota, 421 Asuncion. Biblioteca Nacional, 264 Banco de la Republica, Bogota. Biblioteca, 200 Augelli, John P., 1355 Banco de la Reptiblica, Bogota. Biblioteca Luis Angel Augier, Roy, 4906 Arango, 201 Avalos, Angel F., 6871 Banco de la Republica Oriental del Uruguay, 6288 Avellaneda, Nicolas, 5888 Bancora Canero, Carmen, 3009

Avellar Figueira de Mello, Jeronymo de. See Mello, Bancroft, Hubert H., 671, 739, 993, 994, 1349

Jeronymo de Avellar Figueira de Baptista Gumucio, Mariano, 5564 Averanga Mollinedo, Asthenio, 5562 Barager, Joseph R., 5810, 6262

Avila, Federico, 6862 Baralt, Rafael Maria, 3710 Avila, Francisco de, 1561 Barata, Manuel, 3368

Ayala, Eusebio, 6223 Barata, Mario, 3919 Ayala, Juan de, 2673 Baraya, José M., 5201

Ayala, Manuel J. de, 2084, 2085 Barba, Enrique M., 3127, 6769 Ayala Moreira, Rogelio, 6850 Barbados. House of Assembly, 4059

Ayarragaray, Lucas, 2199 Barbarrosa, Enrique, 4686

Ayestaran, Lauro, 1088 Barbé-Marbois, Francois, Marquis de, 2755

Ayon, Tomas, 2511 Barbieri, Sante Uberto, 608

Ayres de Casal, Manuel, 3870 Barbosa, Francisco de Assis, 3912, 6671, 6691 Azara, Félix de 3093, 3094, 3139 Barbosa, Ruy, 6575, 6622

Azarola Gil, Luis E., 3102, 3383 Barbosa Lima, Alexandre José. See Lima, Alexandre Azcona, Tarsicio de, 1776 José Barbosa

Azcui, Benjamin, 5613 Barbosa Lima Sobrinho, Alexandre J. See Lima So-

3399 Barbosa

Azevedo, Fernando de, 790 brinho, Alexandre J. Barbosa

Azevedo, Joao L. de, 1706, 1707, 1747, 3299, 3328, Barbosa Machado, Diogo. See Machado, Diogo

Azevedo, José Mendonga de, 6621 Barcelli S., Agustin, 5565

664 INDEX

Barcia Carballido y Zuniga, Andrés Gonzalez de, Beaufoy, Mark, 3556

2060 Beaumont, Augustus H., 4031

Barclay, Alexander, 4033 Beaumont, J. A. B., 3782 Bargallé6, Modesto, 2166 Beaumont, Pablo, 1405 Barlow, Robert H., 1437 Beauvoir, Vilfort, 4780 Baron Castro, Rodolfo, 956, 1869, 3589 Becher, Carl C., 4173 Barquero, Sara L., 4526 Becker, Jerdnimo, 6946 Barra, Felipe de la, 6823 Beckford, William 2803 Barragan Rodriguez, Juan B., 4288 Beui, Teodoro, 126

Barran, José P., 6289 Beers, Henry Putney, 8 Barrau-Dihigo, Louis, 33 Behar, David, 9

Barraza, Carlos F., 2116 Behar, Raul, 9

Barreda, Pedro Froilan, 4471 Behrendt, Richard F., 294 Barreda y Laos, Felipe, 2254, 3040, 5379, 6863 Bejarano Robles, Francisco, 1727 Barreiro, José P., 5972 Belatinde, Victor Andrés, 3676, 5355, 5463, 5480,

Barrenechea y Raygada, Oscar, 5380, 5433 5504, 6824 Barrera, Isaac J., 947, 948, 5326 Belaunde Guinassi, Manuel, 301 1 Barrera Fuentes, Florencio, 4289, 4290 Belatinde Terry, Fernando, 5505 Barrera y Domingo, Francisco, 2255 Belgrano, Manuel 3140

Barreto, Joao, 1833 Belgrano, Mario, 3492, 3493, 3795 Barrett, William E., 6191 Bell, Wendell, 4888 Barrientos Casos, Luis F., 5388 Bellani Niazeri, Rodolfo, 6256

Barrientos Gutiérrez, Pablo H., 5739 Bellegarde, Dantés, 970, 4745, 4781, 4782

Barriga, Victor M., 2978 Bello, José M., 6613

Barrio Lorenzo, Juan F. de, 2390 Bello, Julio, 6693 Barrios Mora, José R., 1106 Bello Codesido, Emilio, 5727 Barros, André de, 3329 Belloni, Alberto, 6130 Barros, Henrique da Gama, 1657 Belly, Félix, 4405 Barros, Jaime de, 6720 Beltran de Heredia, Vicente, 1790, 1791 Barros, Joao A. Lins de, 6692 Beltran y de Torres, Francisco, 10 Barros, Roque Spencer Maciel de, 6560 Bemis, Samuel F., 3494, 6886, 6893

Barros Arana, Diego, 503, 871, 5714 Benavides, Antonio, 3932

Basadre, Jorge, 740, 1063, 3010, 3675, 5353, 5354, Beneyto Pérez, Juan, 1626

5369 Benitez, Justo Pastor, 1048, 6153, 6193,

Basadre, Modesto, 5373 6194, 6215, 6216, 6257 Basalenque, Diego, 2418 Benito Ruano, Eloy, 1701

Basas-Fernandez, Manuel, 1732 Bennassar, Bartolomé, 1714 Basave y del Castillo Negrete, Carlos, 4291 Bennett, J. Harry, Jr., 693 Basbaum, Leoncio, 6465 Bennett, Wendell C., 1125, 1227, 1228, 1229, 1230,

Bastide, Roger, 6549, 6649 1231, 1232, 1233, 1234

Bastien, Rémy, 4790, 4811 Bennyhoff, James A., 1190 Bastos, Aureliana C. Tavares, 6576, 6577, 6578 Benoit, Pierre V., 4791, 4792 Bastos, Humberto, 6643 Benson, Nettie Lee, 3516, 3569 Bataillon, Claude, 4178 Berenguer Carisomo, Arturo, 5865 Bataillon, Marcel, 1799, 1891, 1892 Berger, Paulo, 142 Batista Ballesteros, Isaias, 4560 Beristain de Souza, José M., 243

Batlle Berres, Luis, 6457 Bermejo, Ildefonso Antonio, 6181

Batllori, Miguel, 3194, 3213, 3446 Bermudez Miral, Oscar, 5694, 5747

Batres Jauregui, Antonio, 672 Bernal, Ignacio, 1126, 1289, 1334, 1441

Baucke, Florian, 1501 Bernaldez, Andrés, 1918

Baudin, Louis, 1523, 1524 Bernardez, Manuel P., 6309 Baumann, Hans, 1834 Bernstein, Harry, 741, 2146, 4085 Baumgartner, Louis E., 3590, 4395 Bernstein, Marvin, 556 Baur, John E., 4757, 4758 Berredo, Bernardo Pereira de, 3369 Bausbaum, Leoncio, 6612 Berrien, William, 164

Bay Sevilla, Luis, 2646 Berro, Aureliano G., 6381 Bayerri y Bertomeu, Enrique, 1917 Berroa, Josefina, 244 Bayitch, Stojan A., 7,292 Berthe, Augustine, 5303 Bayle, Constantino, 2117, 2200, 2201, 2224, 2240 Besouchet, Lidia, 6523 Bazzanella, Waldemiro, 293 Best, Félix, 5848 Beachey, R. W., 4859 Betancourt, Rémulo, 5042, 5043 Beale, Howard K. , 6924 Betanzos, Juan de, 1536

Bealer, Lewis W., 6192 Betendorf, Joao Felippe, S. J., 3301

Beals, Carleton, 4229, 4413, 6879 Beteta, Ignacio, 3564 Beauchamp, Alphonse de, 3224 Beveraggi Allende, Walter M., 6048

Beals, Ralph L., 1452 Beteta, Ramon, 4272, 4292

INDEX 665

Beverina, Juan, 3195, 5929 2355, 2391, 2392, 2397, 2419, 2420 Bialet y Masse, Juan, 5856 Borba de Moraes, Rubens. See Moraes, Rubens

Biblioteca Peruana, 270 Borba de Bickell, Richard, 4034 Borchard. Edwin M.. 298 Biedma, José Juan, 422 Borde. Jean.872.

Bierck, Harold A., Jr., 3665, 3711 Borde, Pierre-Gustave L., 2725 Biermann, Benno, 2554 Borges, Pedro, 1311, 2203, 2204 Biesanz, John B., 4438, 4565 Borges Fortes, Joao. See Fortes, Joao Borges

Biesanz, Mavis, 4438, 4565 Borges Pérez, Fernando, 4439

Biet, Antoine, 2836 Borja y Borja, Ramiro, 5289

Biggs, James, 3686 Bormann, José B., 6382

Bignardelli, Y. Oreste, 1919 Bornholdt. Laura. 3459 Binayan, Narciso, 128, 129 Borrero, Manuel M.. 3712 Bingham, Hiram, 1235, 6935 Borrero y Cortazar, Antonio, 5304 Bird, Augusto, 279, 4719 Bosch, Juan, 4698, 4699, 4700 Bird, Junius B., 1233, 1236 Bosch Garcia, Carlos, 4195, 4196 Bird, Mark Baker, 4746 Bosch Vinelli, Beatriz, 5943

Birot, Pierre, 1648 Bose, Walter B. L., 2119 Birr, Kendall, 6894 Bost, Jacques, 450 Bischoff, Efrain U., 5869 Boston. Public Library, Ticknor Collection, 16 Bishko, Charles J., 1615, 1715 Boston College, Boston, Mass. Library, 107

Bishop, Morris, 2465 Bothwell, Reece B., 4729

B issainthe, Max, 232 Boturini Benaducci, Lorenzo, 1360 Blaisdell, Lowell L., 4293 Bougas, Valentim F., 6644

Blake, Augusto Victorino Alves Sacramento, 145 Bourgade la Dardye, Emmanuel de, 6217

Blake, John W., 1835 Bourne, Edward G., 2051 Blakemore, Harold, 5643 Bourne, Ruth, 2598 Blanco, José F., 3618 Bouvet de Cressé, A. J. B., 4007 Blanco Acevedo, Pablo, 6277, 6340, 6341, 6360 Bovill, E. W., 1823

Blanco Moheno, Roberto, 4256 Bowman, Isaiah, 5684

Bland6n Berrio, Fidel, 5272 Box, Pelham H., 6841

Blanksten, George I., 296, 5288, 6100 Boxer, Charles R., 3262, 3266, 3283, 3330, 3370,

Blanlot Holley, Anselmo, 6813 3384 Blanshard, Paul, 4821 Boyd-Bowman, Peter, 2185 Bleby, Henry, 4035 Braamcamp Freire, Anselmo, 1806 Bleiler, Everett F., 1234 Brackenridge, Henry M., 3633 Bliss, Robert W., 1133 Braconnay, Claudio M., 6361 Blomberg, Héctor P., 6195 Braden, Charles, 2421

Bobadilla y Briones, Tomas, 3958 Bradley, Anita, 6961

Boban, Eugéne, 1359 Bradley, Phillip S., 6887 Bobb, Bernard E., 2337 Brady, George S., 557

Bocanegra, José Maria de, 4159 Braga, Theophilo, 1749

Boehrer, George C. A., 146, 1849, 3902 Braidwood, Robert J., 1134

Boggs, Ralph S., 297 Brainerd, George W., 1430

Bogota. Biblioteca Nacional, 5071, 5072, 5073 Brameld, Theodore B. H., 4730

Bogota. Concejo, 2895 Brand, Donald D., 1449, 1453, 1454, 2281, 2471 Boisrond-Tonnerre, Félix, 4005 Brand, W., 4747 Boissonade, P., 4018 Brandao, Ulysses de Carvalho Soares, 793 Bojorquez, Juan de Dios, 4294 Brandenburg, Frank R., 4110 Bolivar, Simon, 3619, 3620, 3621 Brandt, Carlos, 5007 Bolivia. Constitution, 5533 Brau, Salvador, 1072, 2710, 2711 Bolivia. Direccion General de Estadistica y Estudios Braudel, Fernand, 1627

Geograficos, 395 Braun Menéndez, Armando, 5695, 5841

Bolivia. Laws, statutes, etc., 5566, 5567 Bravo, Francisco J., 3167

Bolivia. Subsecretaria de Prensa, Informaciones y Bravo Ugarte, José, 995, 996, 997

Cultura, 5623 Bray, Arturo, 6196,3385 6197 Bollo, Sarah, 1089 Brazao, Eduardo,

Bolton, Herbert Eugene, 527, 2202, 2263, 2466, Brazil. Assembleia Constituinte /823, 6490

2467, 2468, 2469, 2470 Brazil. Comissao de Estudo dos Textos da Histéria Bonfanti, C., 4948 do Brasil, 148 Bonhomme, Arthur, 4812 Brazil. Congresso. Camara dos Deputados, 6491

Bonilla, Frank, 6661 Brazil. Congresso. Camara dos Deputados. Biblioteca,

Bonilla Mayata, Horacio, 269 149

Bonnet, Edmond, 4006 Brazil. Congresso. Senado, 6492

Bonnet Reveroén, Buenaventura, 1850 Brazil. Conselho Nacional de Geografia. Divisado

Boonen Rivera, Jorge, 5740 de Geografia, 423 Borah, Woodrow W., 1326, 2118, 2167, 2353, 2354, Brazil. Crown, 6493

666 INDEX Brazil. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Bureau of American Republics, 6983

Estadistica, 467 Burgess, Paul, 4491

Brazil. Instituto Rio Branco, 150, 6750 Burgin, Miron, 5936 Brazil. Laws, statutes, etc., 3835, 6494 Burn, William L., 4051, 4840 Brazil. Ministério das Relacdes Exteriores, 468, Burnett, Ben G., 585

3214, 3439 Burnley, William H., 4037

Breathett, George, 2765 Burns, Alan C., 696

Breceda, Alfredo, 4295 Burns, E. Bradford, 151, 795, 796, 3400, 6650, 6694

Breen, Henry H., 694 Burr, Robert N., 6762, 6770, 6815, 7067

Brena, Tomas G., 6447 Burrus, Ernest J., 334, 335 Brenner, Anita, 4257 Burton, Richard F., 6208, 6499

Breton, Raymond, 2783 Burzio Humberto F., 3012, 3013

Briceno, Manuel, 3196, S008, 5175 Buschiazzo, Mario José, 617, 2225 Briceno Iragorry, Mario, 2896, 4978, 5009 Bush, Archer C., 4499

Briceno Perozo, Mario, 330, 331, 2902 Bushnell, David, 3713

Bridges, George W., 4036 Bushnell, Geoffrey H. S., 1527

Briseno, Ramon, 185 Bushong, Allen D., 20

British Museum. Department of Manuscripts, 332 Bustamante, Carlos M. de, 3544, 3545

British Museum. Dept. of Printed Books, 18 Bustamante Maceo, Gregorio, 4577

Brito, Joao Rodrigues de, 3872 Bustamante y Rivero, José L., 5506

Brito, Paulo J. Mello Azevedo e, 3871 Butel-Dumont, G. M., 2791 Brito Broca, José. See Broca, José Brito Butler, Mary B., 1155

Brito Figueroa, Federico, 1107, 1484, 2922, 2928, Butler, Ruth L., 3331, 3332, 3333

4979, 4980 Buttari y Gaunaurd, J., 4657

Broadbent, Sylvia M., 1485

Broca, Jose Brito, 794 Caballero, Lucas, 5138

Brochado de Sousa Soares. Torquato. See Soares, Cabanellas, Guillermo, 6198

Torquato Brochado de Sousa Cabeza de Vaca, Manuel, 6825

Brgndsted, Johannes, 719 Cabon, Adolphe, 972, 3979, 4748

Brown, John Carter, 19 Cabral, Carlos Castilho, 6721

Brown, Vera L., 2147 Cabral, Oswaldo R., 797

Brum, J. Z. de Menezes, 3886 Cabrera, Daniel, 4231] Brundage, Burr C., 1525, 1526 Cabrera, Luis, 4273, 4296

Brushwood, John S., 4144 Cabris, José D.. 4665

Brutus, Edner, 971 Caceres, Andrés A., 5446

Bruxel, Arnaldo, 3 150, 3174 Caceres Bilboa, Pio, 5539

Bryant, Joshua, 4060 Cadavid G., J. Ivan, 5083 Buarque, Felicio,6466 — Cadogan, Leon, 1319

Buarque de Holanda, Sérgio. See Holanda, Sergio Cady, John F., 5930

Buarque de Caeiro, José, 3302

Buchner, J.H.,695 — Caetano, Marcelo, 1658, 1689

Buell, Raymond Leslie, 4783 Café, Joao, 6723

Buenaventura Belena, Eusebio, 2338 Cafiero, Antonio F., 6131

Buenos Aires, 3114 Caicedo, Domingo, 5139 Buenos Aires, Biblioteca Nacional Militar, 131 Caiger, Stephen L., 4886

Buenos Aires. Cabildo, 3115, 3783 Caillet-Bois, Ricardo R., 3197

Buenos Aires. Museo Histérieo Nacional, 333 Caivano, Tommaso, 6816 Buenos Aires. Museo Mitre, 3784, 3785 Caldas, José Antoénio, 3235

6015 Caldecott, Alfred, 682

Buenos Aires. Universidad Nacional, 3440, 3622. Caldcleugh, Alexander, 3455

Buenos Aires. Universidad Nacional. Instituto Caldera Rodriguez, Rafael, 1108, 4964

Bibhotecolégico, 132 Calderén de Ja Barca, Frances E., 4174

751 Calderén Reyes, Carlos, 5202

Buenos Aires (Province). Archivo Hist6rico, La Plata, Calderon Quyano, José A., 336, 2282, 2549, 2843

Buenos Aires (Province). Legislatura. CAmara de Caldwell, Robert G., 4614

Diputados, 5960 Calero, Manuel, 4297

Buitron, Anibal, 5044, 5045 California. State Library, Sacramento, Sutro Branch,

Bullard, William R., Jr., 1225 San Francisco, 246 Bullen, Ripley P., 1237 California. University Library, 22

Bullock, William 3557 California. University, Berkeley. Bancroft Library, 21 Bulnes, Alfonso, 5702 Callado, Antonio, 6724 Bulnes, Francisco, 3517, 4230 Callahan, James M., 906, 3933, 4114

Bulnes, Gonzalo, 3420, 3640, 5741, 6814 Callcott, Maria (Dundas) Graham, Lady, 3768, 3848

Bunge, Alejandro E., 5811, 6049 Callcott, Wilfrid H.,4111,4179, 4232, 6925 Bunkley, Allison Williams, 5944 Calmon, Pedro, 798, 805, 3284, 3285, 3887

Burchell, William F., 4889 Calnek, Edward E., 1427

Burdon, Sir John A., 4885 Calogeras, Joao Pandia, 799, 800, 3320, 6564

INDEX 667

Calégeras, Miguel, 3844 Carey, James C., 5381

Calvete de Estrella, Juan C., 2957 Caribbean Commission, 4822 Calvo, Carlos, 536, 3441 Carilla, Emilio, 658, 662 Calzadiaz Barrera, Alberto, 4298 Carmagnani, Marcello, 3077 Calzadilla, Juan, 1109 Carmichael, Mrs. A. C., 4062 Calzadilla Valdés, Fernando, 5010 Carmichael, Gertrude, 697 Camacho, Bienvenido G., 3975 Carmona Yanez, Jorge, 5703

Camacho Roldan, Salvador, 5140, 5156 Carnaxide, Anténio de Sousa Pedroso, visconde de, Camara Cascudo, Luis da. See Cascuda, Luis da 3272

Camara Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Division

Camargo, José Francisco de, 6651 of International Law, 6964 Camargo, Paulo F. da Silveira, 3215 Carneiro, Davi, 3334

Cambre, Manuel, 4180 Carneiro, Edison, 3286 Caminos de Artola, Aurora R., 5922 Carneiro, Glauco, 6614

Campbell, John, 2581 Carneiro, José Fernando, 6469, 6550 Campero, Narciso, 5590 Carneiro de Mendonga, Marcos. See Mendonga, Campo Lacasa, Cristina, 2712 Marcos Carneiro de Campos, Fausto Vieira de, 801 Carneiro Leao, Antonio. See Leao, Antonio Carneiro Campos, Francisco, 6725 Carnero Checa, Genaro, 5508 Campos, Pedro Moacyr, 152 Caro, José E., 5157 Campos Harriet, Fernando, 5652, 5791 Caro, Miguel A., 5158, 5159, 5160

Campos Rodrigues, Maria T. See Rodrigues, MariaT. Caro Baroja, Julio, 1649, 1750, 1751

Campos Caro de Delgado, Aida R., 2701

Camprubi Alcazar, Carlos, 3666, 5389 Caro Molina, Fernando, 5132

Campuzano, Severino, 5604 Carone, Edgard, 6726

Canabrava, Alice P., 2599, 3271, 3913, 6524 Carpeaux, Otto Marta, 153, 802

Canal Ramirez, Gonzalo, 5273 Carranca y Trujillo, Raul, 537 Canal Zone. Library Museum, Balboa Heights, 4555 Carranza, Angel, J., 3796

Canals Frau, Salvador, 1135 Carranza, Arturo B., 5837 Canas, Alberto F., 4459 Carrasco, Benigno, 5614 Candler, John, 4749 Carrasco, Gabriel [i.e., José Gabriel], 6244 Canelas L6pez, René, 5568 Carrasco, Manuel, 5547, 5591 Canete y Dominguez, Pedro V., 2945 Carrasco Pizana, Pedro, 1438

Canilleros, Miguel Munoz de San Pedro, 2889 Carreira, Liberato de Castro, 6525

Canto, Ernesto do, 1851 Carrera Damas, German, 1111, 1112, 4954, 4955, Capelo, Joaquin, 5464 Carrera Stampa, Manuel, 247, 337, 1335, 1336, 2264,

Canton, Dario, 6016 5011

Capillas de Castellanos, Aurora, 3603, 3667 2356, 2357, 2358, 4069 Capistrano de Abreu, Joao. See Abreu, Joao Carreras y Artau, Joaquin, 1800

Capistrano de Carreras y Artau, Tomas, 1800

Capoche, Luis, 3000 Carreras y Candi, Francisco, 1752 Cappa, Ricardo, 2052 Carril, Bonifacio del, 6101, 6132

Capriles Rico, Remberto, 5569 Carrillo, Horacio, 6864 Caputi, Vicente T., 6342 Carrillo Batalla, Tomas E., 4965, 5046

Caracas. Cabildo, 2897 Carrillo Moreno, José, 4981, 4982 Caracas. Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes, 1110 Carrillo y Gariel, Abelardo, 2393

Caracl, Giuseppe, 1893, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978 Carrio de la Vandera, Alonso, 2862

Carande Thobar, Ramon, 1690, 1708 Carrion, Benjamin, 5291

Caravedo Prado, Baltazar, 5507 Carro, Venancio Diego, 2093 Carbia, Romulo D., 752, 1920, 2038, 2241 Carrol, Vern, 235

Carbo, Luis A., 5290 Carulla, Juan E., 6017

Carbonell, Abel, 5232 Carvalho, Alfredo de, 154

Carcano, Miguel A., 5857, 6069 Carvalho, Carlos M. Delgado de, 677 | Carcano, Ramon J., 5812, 5878, 5879, 5931, 5966, Carvalho, Daniel de, 6695

6842, 6843 Carvalho, Estevao Leitao de, 6634

Cardenal Arguello, Luis G., 4545 Carvalho, Joaquim Martins Teixeira, 1767 Cardenas Acosta, Pablo E., 3198 Carvalho, M. E. Gomes de, 3903

Cardiel, José, 3168 Carvalho Araujo, Alexandre Herculano de. See Cardim, Fernao, 3236 Araujo, Alexandre Herculano de Carvalho Cardoso, Fernando H., 6467, 6645, 6652 Carvalho Neto, Paulo de, 1050

Cardoso, Vicente L., 6468, 6506 Carvalho Soares Brandao, Ulysses de. See Brandao,

Cardoso de Oliveira, José Manoel. See Oliveira, José Ulysses de Carvalho Soares

Manoel Cardoso de Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 225, 5292

Cardozo, Efraim, 1049, 2849, 3103, 6154, 6209, 6235, Casal, Manuel Ayres de, 3225

6844 Casariego Fernandez, Jestis Evaristo, 2120

Cardozo, Manoel S., 3303, 3386 Casas, Bartolomé de las, 1307, 1537, 1921, 2086,

Cardoza y Aragon, Luis, 4500 2205

668 INDEX Casasola, Gustavo, 998, 4258 Chacon y Calvo, José M., 2621, 2635, 2647 Cascudo, Luis da Camara, 803 Chadwick, French E., 4615, 4621

Case, Lynn M., 387 Chagas, Paulo Pinheiro, 6507

Casimir Liautaud, Jean, 4793 Chamberlain, Henry, 3849

Caso, Alfonso, 1350, 1371, 1372, 1439 Chamberlain, Robert S., 1300, 1702, 2311, 2359,

Cas6és, Fernando, 5447 2550, 3591

Castagnino, Raul H., 5870 Chamorro Cardenal, Pedro J., 4546 Castafieda, C. E., 2121 Chamorro Zelaya, Pedro J., 4396, 4539, 4540

Castafieda, Carlos, 4197 Chancy, Emmanuel, 4760

Castaneda, Jorge, 7068 Chandler, John, 4749

Castedo, Leopoldo, 875, 3323 Chandler, Michael J., 339 Castellanos Garcia, Gerardo, 907 Chaneton, Abel, 5946 Castellvi, Marcelino de, 1480 Chapman, Anne M., 1440, 1469 Castelo, José A., 804 Chapman, Charles E., 2017, 2018, 2265, 2473, 4658 Castelo, Maria, 2387 Charlevoix, Pierre F. X. de, 2600, 3169 Castelo de Zavala, Maria, 338 Charlier, Etienne D., 3983

Castilla, Julian de, 2804 Charnay, Désiré, | 157 Castillero Reyes, Ernesto de Jestis, 1045, 4556, 4564 Charpentier, Genevieve, 2742 Castillo, Homero, 5797 Chase, Allan, 6947

Castillo, Ignacio B. del, 4070 Chase, Gilbert, 299 Castillo, José R. del, 4299 Chatelain, Joseph, 4794 Castillo, Porfirio del, 4300 Chatelain, Verne E., 2474 Castillo Led6n, Luis, 3570 Chauleau, Liliane, 2787 Castillo Negrete, Emilio del, 999, 3571 Chauner, Huguette, 2171

Castro, Américo, 1643 Chaunu, Pierre, 2039, 2169, 2170, 2171 Castro, Cipriano, 5012 Chauvet, Fidel de J., 2422, 2423 Castro, Cristobol de, 1538 Chaves, Antonio José Goncalves, 3873 Castro, Sertério de, 6696 Chaves, Julio C., 3797, 3798, 6199, 6200

Castro Bastos, Leonides, 5356 Chaves, Maria Concepcion heyes de, 6166

Castro Carreira, Liberato de. See Carreira, Liberato Chavez, Luis F., 5047

de Castro Chavez Orozco, Luis, 1000, 3518, 4120

Castro de Morales, Lilia, 215 Checa Drouet, Benigno, 6763 Castro Esquivel, Arturo, 4460 Checchi, Vincent, 4517 Castro Pozo, Hildebrando, 5481 Cheke, Marcus, 3888

Castro Rebélo, Edgardo de. See Rebélo, Edgardo de Chevalier, Francois, 2360, 2361, 2396

Castro Childs, James B., 4371, 5529, 5641

Catherwood, Frederick, 1156 Chile, 6810

Catholic University of America Library, 155 Chile. Archivo Histérico Nacional, 3050

Cau, Jean, 450 Chile. Congreso, 5672, 5673

Caughey, John W., 2472 Chile. Direccién de Contabilidad, 5748 Caulin, Antonio, 2877 Chile. Direcci6n General de Estadistica y Censos, 469 Cavalheiro, Edgard, 6672 Chile. Laws, statutes, etc., 5667 Cavazos Garza, Israel, 2394 Chile. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, 5668 Cavelier, German, 5099 Chile. Universidad, Santiago, 2869, 5792 Cavo, Andrés, 2283 Chile. Universidad, Santiago. Departamento de

Cayama Martinez, Rafael, 5013 Estudios Generales. Escuela de Temporada, 5653 Caycedo, Bernardo J., 3714 Chile. Universidad, Santiago. Instituto de Economia, Ceballos, Pedro F., 949 $749, 5750 Celesia, Ernesto H., 5945 Chimalpahin Cuauhtlehuanitzin, Francisco de San

Celestin, Clement, 4759 Anton Munn, 1386

Centro de Estudiantes de Ciencias Economicas y Chinchilla Aguilar, Ernesto, 960, 961, 2555, 2556,

Administracion, Montevideo, 6290 4475

6757 ; . Chocano, José S., 6829

Centro de Estudios de Derecho Internacional Publico, Chirinos Soto, Enrique, 5510 Centro Latino-Americano de Pesquisas em Ciéncias Christelow, Allan, 2148, 2149, 2601

Sociais, 24 Christensen, Asher N., 538

Centurion, Carlos R., 1051, 1052 Christie, E. W. H., 1979 Centurion, Juan Crisé6stomo, 6182 Chuaqui, Benedicto, 5771 Cervantes, Federico, 4347, 4348 Church, Elihu Dwight, 25

Cervantes de Salazar, Francisco, 2284, 2395 Cid Fernandez, Enrique del, 2573

Cervera, Manuel M., 753 Cid Pérez, José, 1320 Céspedes, Augusto, 5615 Cidade, Hernani A., 1768

Céspedes del Castillo, Guillermo, 2122. 2168, 2868, Cieza de Leén, Pedro de, 1539, 2958

2984, 2989 Cifuentes, Abdon, 5675

Cestero Burgos, Tulio A., 3959, 3960 Cioranescu, Alejandro, 1922, 1923 Cevallos Garcia, Gabriel, 950 Cipriano de Utrera, 2674, 2683, 2684 Cevallos Salvador, Pedro J., 5305 Circulo Militar, Buenos Aires, 5996

INDEX 669

Ciria, Alberto, 6080 Comité Boliviano de Investigacién del Estafio, 5548 Cisneros, Luis B., 5448 Commission on Cuban Affairs, 4659 Clagett, Helen L., 133, 265, 4083, 4949, 5525, 5640, Commonwealth Economic Committee, 4890

6263 Conceicao, Apolinario da, 3304

Clark, Joshua R., 6936 Condarco Morales, Ramiro, 5605

Clark, Marjorie R., 4121 Conference on the Caribbean, University of Florida, Clark, Victor S., 4731 Congreso de Espiritualidad. I], Salamanca, 1956, 1801 Claude d’ Abbeville, 3238 Congreso Internacional de Historia de América, III. Clavijero, Francisco J., 1351, 2475 Buenos Aires, 1960, 3641 Clemence, Stella R., 2959 Coni, Emilio A., 742, 3151, 5858 Clementi, Sir Cecil, 698, 4875 Conil Paz, Alberto, 6044 Clendenen, Clarence C., 4318 Connell-Smith, Gordon, 2150, 7069 Cleven, Nels Andrew N., 5540 Consuegra, José, 5105

Clark, Sydney A., 451, 452, 453 683

Cline, Howard F., 528, 1361, 1387, 1455, 4259, 4260 Conte, Antonio H., 6383

Clinton, Daniel J., 5014 Conte, Francisco M., 5962

Cobb, Gwendolin B., 340, 3014 Conte Agiiero, Luis, 4666 Cobo, Bernabé, 1308, 1540, 2946 Conway, George R. G., 2313 Cobos Batres, Manuel, 4488 Cook, Sherburne F., 1326, 1327, 2355, 2362, 2363, Coca, Joaquin, 608 | 2391, 2392, 2397, 2476 Cochran, Thomas C., 4732, 6050 Cook de Leonard, Carmen, 1352 Cochrane, Charles Stuart, 3687 Cooper, Anna J., 4019 Cochrane, Thomas, 10th Earl of Dundonald, 3456 Corbellini, Enrique C., 3800

Cockburn, John, 2530 Corbett, John M., 1275, 1287 Codazzi, G. B. Agostino, 424, 4983 Corbitt, Duvon C., 4590, 4591

Codovilla, Victorio, 6018 Cordoba, Argentine Republic, 3116 Coe, Michael D., 1158, 1159, 1160, 1468 Cordoba, Juan de, 1341

Coe, William R., 1161 Cordoba, Pedro T. de, 1073, 3973

Coelho da Rocha, Manuel A. See Rocha, Manuel A. Cordoba, Salvador, 5141

Coelho da Cordoba y Salinos, Diego de, 3024

Coello, Augusto C., 988 Cordova, Efrén, 2622 Coffin, Isaac F., 3769 Cordovez Moure, José M., 5142 Coke, Thomas, 2602 Cornejo, Mariano H., 5458 Cole, Hubert, 4013 Cornejo Bouroncle, Jorge, 3753 Colegio de Economistas de Venezuela, 4966 Cornejo Chavez, Héctor, 5511

Colin, Mario, 248 Cornejo Foronda, David, 5449 Colin, Michele, 1594 Cornejo S., Alberto, 5616 Coll y Toste, Cayetano, 2713 Cornevin, Robert, 1836

Collazos Chiriboga, Carlos, 5390 Corporaci6n de Fomento de la Produccién (Chile), Colli, Néstor S., 5932 5654 Collier, Donald, 1238 Corréa, Serzedello, 6697

Collier, Simon, 3776 Corréa, Virgilio, 3335 Collier, William M., 3503 Corréa da Costa, Sergio. See Costa, Sergio Corréa da Colombia, 6782 Correa Restrepo, Flavio, 5246 Colombia. Archivo Nacional, 2850 Correa Vergara, Luis, 873

Colombia. Comision Corografica, 5133 Correia Lopes, Edmundo A. See Lopes, Edmundo A.

Colombia. Constitution, 5084 Correia Colombia. Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Corrientes, Argentine Republic. Cabildo, 3117 Estadistica, 470 Cortazar, Roberto, 3689, 3690, 3691

§233 Cortés, Lia, 879

Colombia. Direccioén de Informaci6én y Propaganda, Cortés, Hernando, 2285, 2314, 2315

Colombia. Directorio Conservador de Cundinamarca, Cortés, Manuel J., 5592

5234 Cortés Alonso, Vicenta, 1753, 2477

Colombia. Ejército. 8. Brigada, 5274 Cortés Arteaga, Mariano, 6362 Colombia. Laws, statutes, etc., 5176 Cortés y Larraz, Pedro, 2531

6758 3387

Colombia. Ministerio de Gobierno, 5074, 5235 Cortesao, Armando, 1900

Colombia. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores,5100, Cortesdo, Jaime, 805, 1901, 3170, 3239, 3267, 3350,

Colombia. Senado de la Republica, 5236 Cortese, Antonio, 754

Colombia (Republic of Colombia, 1 886—). Laws, Cortez Maldonado, Fernando, 5644

statutes, etc., 5085, 5086, 5087 Corti, Egon C., 4233 Colombo, Cristoforo, 1924 Cosco Montaldo, J. Oscar, 6437 Col6n, Fernando, 1911 Cosio, Pedro, 6291, 6292 Comadran Ruiz, Jorge, 3128 Cosio, Ricardo, 6448

Comas, Juan, 300, 1301, 4112 Cosio Villegas, Daniel, 249, 4071, 4160, 4301, 6751,

Cometta Manzoni, Aida, 638 6796

Comitas, Lambros, 113 Cosmes, Francisco G., 4086

670 INDEX

Cossio, Carlos, 6133 Cuevas, Luis G., 4181

Cossio del Pomar, Felipe, 5482 Cuevas, Mariano, 1001, 1002, 2286 Costa, Abel Fontoura da, 1870 Cuevas Cancino, Francisco M., 4320, 7070

Costa, Emilia Viotti da, 6532 Cumberland, Charles C., 4302

Costa, Joao Cruz, 806, 6470, 6561, 6662 Cumper, George E., 4860, 4861, 4891

Costa, Luiz Edmundo da, 3287, 3920 Cumpston, Ina M., 4862 Costa, Octavio R., 4622 Cundall, Frank, 114, 2726, 2810, 2811, 4820 Costa, Sérgio Corréa da, 6495, 6698 Cuneo, Dardo, 6019

Costa de la Torre, Arturo, 5526 Cuneo, Niccolo, 5859

Costa du Rels, Adolfo, 5606 Cunha, Amadeu, 3226

Costa Pinto, L[uiz de] Afguiar], 6653 Cunha, Euclydes da, 6657

Costa Porto, José da. See Porto, José da Costa Cunha de Azeredo Coutinho, José J. da. See Coutinho, Costa Régo Monteiro, J. da. See Monteiro, J. da Costa José J. da Cunha de Azeredo

Régo Cunninghame Graham, Robert B., 4985, 6201

Costa Rica. Archivos Nacionales, 4426 Curcio Altamar, Antonio, 5126 Costa Rica. Comisién de Investigacién Histérica de -Curti, Merle E., 6894

la Campana de 1856-1857, 4406 Curtin, Philip D., 4892

Costa Rica. Constitution, 4428 Cuvelier, Jean, 1837 Costa Rica. Laws, statutes, etc., 4378, 4429

Costa Rica. Secretaria de Educacié6n Publica, 4427 Dabbs, Jack A., 4199

Costales Sam aniego, Alfredo, 1574 Dahl, Victor C., 6418

Cotner, Thomas E., 4234 Dahlgren de Jordan, Barbro, 1456 Courlander, Harold, 4795, 481 | Dainelli, Giotto, 1871 Coutinho, Afranio, 396, 807 Dairault, Francisco L., 6363 Coutinho, Carlos Viegas Gago, 1993, 1994 Daireaux, Emile, 5909

Coutinho, José J. da Cunha de Azeredo, 3874, 3875 Dalence, José M., 5594

Coutinho, Lourival, 6727 Dallas, Robert C., 2812

Cova, Jesus A., 4984 Dalton, Henry G., 700

Covarrubias, Miguel, 1162, 1163 Dalton, Leonard V., S015

Covarrubias Pozo, Jesus M., 1562 Damasceno, brother [Gilberto Eduardo Perret], [090

Cowley, Rafael A., 2648 Damboriena, Prudencio, 609

Cox, Edward G., 301 Damonte Taborda, Raul, 6102 Cox, Isaac J., 26, 4529 Dampierre, Jacques, marquis de, 2730 Craig, Hewan, 4909 Dana Montano, Salvador M., 5850 Craton, Michael, 699 Dancuart, Pedro E., 5413 Crawford, William R., 626 Daniels, Josephus, 4349

Crespo Rodas, Alberto, 2953, 3015, 3036 Dantas, Francisco C. de San Tiago, 6623, 6699

Crespo Rodas, Alfonso, 5593 D’ Antonio, William V., 610

Crick, Bernard R., 341 Dario Flores, Rubén, 5549 Crokaert, Jacques, 4823 Davatz, Thomas, 6551

Criscenti, Joseph, 5849 Davalos y Lisson, Pedro, 5357, 5450 Cronon, Edmund D., 4319 Davies, Arthur, 1925, 1926, 1980, 1981, 2004 Crouse, Nellis M., 2603, 2743 Davila, Marina Esther, 3146

Crowe, Frederick, 4489 Davila, Vicente, 3605 Cruz, Ernesto de la, 5669 Davis, Horace B., 6728 Cruz, Filho, 808 Davis, Nicholas D., 4876 Cruz, Martin de la, 1392 Davis, William C., 6948

Cruxent, José M., 1265 Davis, Harold E., 397, 539, 627, 973

Cruz Adler, Bernardo, 5696 Davison, Ned J., 663 Cruz-Coke, Ricardo, 5728 Davison, Robert B., 4863

Cruz Costa, Joao. See Costa, Joao Cruz Davy, John, 701 Cruz Monclova, Lidio, 1074, 1075, 4729 Dawson, Lawrence E., 1255

Cruz Santos, Abel, 888 Dean, Warren, 6646

Cuadra Chamorro, Pedro J., 4547 De Armond, Louis, 4200

Cuadra Pasos, Carlos, 4548 Debbasch, Ivan, 2744

Cuauhtemoc, Emperor of Mexico, 1393 De Beauval, Ségur, 2766 Cuba. Archivo Nacional, 342, 2636, 2637, 4623 Debien, Gabriel, 116, 233, 2731, 2738, 2745, 2746, Cuba. Laws, statutes, etc., 4667, 4668 2747, 2748, 2749, 2756, 2757, 2767, 2768, 2769,

Cuccorese, Horacio, J., 5937 3980, 3981, 3993, 3994, 3995, 4020, 4021, 4022

Cué Canovas, Agustin, 4198 Debret, Jean Baptiste, 3850 Cuenca, Abel, 4568 De Conde, Alexander, 6909 Cuenca, Ecuador. Cabildo, 2979 Decorme, Gerard, 2424

Cuervo, Angel, 5177, 5203 Decoud, Héctor F., 6202, 6210, 6224, 6236 Cuervo, Luis Augusto, 3691, 5143 Defourneaux, Marcelin, 1754 Cuervo, Rufino J., 5203 Deheza, José A., 5617 Cuervo Marquez, Carlos, 5204 De la Beche, Sir Henry T.. 4038

Cuesta Mendoza, Antonio, 2714, 2715, 2716 Delafosse, M., 2738

INDEX 671

Delaunay-Belleville, André, 4922 Disselhoff, Hans D., 1136, 1312

Delawarde, Jean B., 4934 Dobles Segreda, Luis, 211 Delgado, Jaime, 2649, 3421, 3484 Dobritzhofer, Martin, 1502 Delgado, Luis H., 5451 Dobyns, Henry F., 1328, 1595 Delgado, Oscar, 558 Dockstader, Frederick J., 1165 Delgado, Ralph, 1838 Dombrowski zu Papros und Krusvic, Kathe Dellepiane, General Carlos, 5358 (Schonberger) von, 6167

Delmonte y Aponte, Domingo, 908 Dominguez Ortiz, Antonio, 1755, 1840

Demarest, Donald, 2425 Domiunian, Helen G., 3336

De Maria, Isidoro, 6364 Dominican Republic. Constitution, 4693 Demersay, Alfred, 1053 Dominican Republic. Laws, statutes, etc., 4694, 4695

Denevan, William M., 1505 Dominican Republic. Secretaria de Estado de RelaDenis, Ferdinand, 3863 ciones Exteriores, 934 Denis, Lorimer, 974, 4812 Dominican Republic. Treaties, etc., 4696 Denison, John H., 1204 Donoso, Armando, 5704 Dennis, Alfred L. P., 6895 Donoso, Ricardo, 2870, 3069, 3409, 5645, 5655, 5656,

Dennis, M. Wayne, 320 §705,5715,5729 Dennis, William J., 6817 Donoso Varela, Luis, 192

Denucé, Jean, 2005 Dorantes de Carranza, Baltasar, 2288 Descos, Leon E. Aubin Coullard, 4796 Dorn, Georgette M., 27 Descourtilz, M. E., 4008 Dornas, Joao, 809, 6579, 6580 Desdevises du Dezert, Georges N., 343, 2206, 2207. Dorta, Enrique Marco, 617 Dessalles, Adrien, 2604 Doyle, Henry Grattan, 4372 Destruge, Camilo, 5293 Dozer, Donald M., 6910 Deustua, Alejandro O., 5459 Draghi Lucero, Juan, 5890

Deustua Pimentel, Carlos, 2990 Draper, Theodore, 4669, 4670

Deutsch, Hermann B., 4518 Dreier, John C., 7072

Deutscher Wissenschaftlicher Verein zu Santiago de Drewitt, Bruce, 1190

Chile, 5772 Driver, David M., 810

De Vries, Henry P., 7071 Duane, William, 3692

De Young, Maurice, 344, 975 Duarte Prado, Bacon, 6237

Dias, Antonio J., 1650 Ducoeurjoly, S.J., 2758

Dias, Gastao Sousa, 1839 Ducoudray- Holstein, H. La Fayette Villaume, 3693 Dias, José Sebastiao da Silva, 1802 Duenas Van Severen, J., 3592

Dias, Manuel Nunes, 2650 Duff, Charles, 1902

Dias Dinis, A. J. See Dinis, A. J. Dias Dufourcq, Charles-Emmanuel, 1824

Diaz, Antonio, 5838 Duggan, Laurence, 6911

Diaz, Benito, 5923Dumas, Dulles, Alexandre, John W. F., 6366 4304 Diaz, César, 6365 Diaz, Porfirio, 4164 Dunham, Lowell, 4970 Diaz, Ramon, 3710 Dunn, Henry, 3558 Diaz, Victor M., 4477, 4478 Dunn, William E., 2478

Diaz Arguedas, Julio, 5541, 5624 Dunne, Peter Masten, 2479

Diaz de Guzman, Rui, 3107 Duprey, Jacques, 1091, 6367 Diaz de Iraola, Gonzalo, 2186 Duque Gomez, Luis, 1486 Diaz del Castillo, Bernal, 2316 Duran, Diego, 1406

Diaz Diaz, Oswaldo, 3715 Duran, Miguel A., 4579 Diaz Lopez, Lilia, 4201 Duran Bernales, Florencio, 5730 Diaz Machicao, Porfirio, 5534 Duran Padilla, Manuel, 5542 Diaz Plaja, Guillermo, 1769 Durand, José, 2398 Diaz Sanchez, Ramon, 4986 Durand, Luis, 5646, 5773 Diaz Soler, Luis M., 1076 Dur6n, Jorge F., 238, 239

Diaz Soto y Gama, Antonio, 4303 Dur6n y Gamero, Romulo E., 987, 988, 4513, 4514, Diaz Thomé, Hugo, 2266 4515,4516,4519

Diaz Vento, Fernando, 3642 Dusenberry, William H., 2364

Dickmann, Enrique, 6020 Dutertre, Jean B., 2582 Diegues Junior, Manuel, 6526 Duvalier, Francois, 974, 4761, 4812 Diez de la Calle., Juan, 2077 Duviols, Pierre, 1570 Diez de Medina, Fernando, 774 Duvivier, Ulrick, 234 Diez de San Miguel, Garci, 1563

Diffie, Bailey W., 590, 1604, 1721, 1733, 4733,6949 Ealy, Laurence O., 4561

Diffie, Justine W., 4733 East Caribbean Federation Conference, London, 1962,

Dimase, Leonardo, 6134 4851

Dimmick, Ralph E., 6663 Eastwick, Edward B., 5016 Dines, Alberto, 6729 Ebtun, Mexico, 1428 Dinis, A. J. Dias, 1818 Echanove Trujillo, Carlos A., 4235 Di Peso, Charles C., 1164, 1457 Echavarria Oldézaga, Felipe, 5237

672 INDEX

Echenique, José R., 5414 Espinosa de los Reyes, Jorge, 4202 Echeverri, Camilo A., 516] Espinosa Moraga, Oscar, 6772, 6773, 6872 Echeverria, Esteban, 5891 Espinosa Polit, Aurelio, 5294

Echeverria y Reyes, Anibal, 5670 Espinoza Soriano, Waldemar, 1564, 1565, 1596

Economic Conference of the Organization of Ameri- Espinoza y Saravia, Luis, 6818 can States. Buenos Aires, 1957, 7022, 7023, 7024 Esquivel Obregon, Toribio, 1004

Ecuador. Biblioteca Nacional, Quito, 5280 Estacio da Silveira, Simao. See Silveira, Simao Estacio Ecuador. Congreso, 5313, 5314, 5315, 5316, 5317, da

5346 Estep, Raymond, 4236

Ecuador. Laws, statutes, etc., 5347 Estete, Miguel de, 1543 Edelmann, Alexander T., 540 Esteve Barba, Francisco, 2040, 2226 Eder, Phanor J., 889, 5205 Estévez, Alfredo, 3668 Edmonson, Munro S., 1342, 1422 Estrada, Dardo, 283

Edmundson, George, 3371 Estrado, Emilio, 1239, 1254 Edwards, Bryan, 2796 Estrada, Genaro, 6856, 6937 Edwards, Clinton R., 1477 Estrada, Osorio Duque, 6533

Edwards MacClure, Agustin, 5716 Estrada, Roque, 4305 Edwards Matte, Guillermo, 5774 Estrada Molina, Ligia M., 2546

Edwards Vives, Alberto, 5657, 5658, 5717 Estrada Monsalve, Joaquin, 5239

Efimov, A. V., 4660 Etchecopar, Maximo, 6103

Eganfia, Antonio de, 2208, 2215, 2871, 3025 Etchepareborda, Roberto, 5974, 5997

Egner, Erich, 5391 Ettinger, Amos A., 4616

Eguiara y Eguren, Juan J. de, 2267 Evans, Clifford, 1144, 1239, 1240, 1241, 1253, 1254,

Eguiguren, Luis A., 3041, 3042, 5483 1274 Eguilaz de Prado, Isabel, 1458 Evans, Henry C., 5742

Einaar, Johan F., 4065 Evans, Luther H., 4943

Einaudi, Luigi, 302 Ewald, Robert H., 1467

Eisner, Gisela, 4893 Exquemelin, Alexandre Olivier, 2585

Ekholm, Gordon F., 1166, 1167, 1441 Eyzaguirre, Jaime, 876, 3053, 3056, 3677, 3777, 5731, El Salvador. Direcci6n General de Estadistica yCen- Ezquerra, Ramon, 1952, 2094 sos, 443

Elia, Oscar Horacio, 3668 Fabela, Isidro, 4274, 4321, 4322

Elie, Louis E., 2770 Fabila, Manuel, 4102

Ellauri, José L., 6368 Fabregat, Julio T., 6278, 641 Ellffryth, Daniell, 2583 Facio, Rodrigo, 443 | Elliott, Arthur E., 6245 Fagg, John E., 684

Elliott, J[ohn] H., 1629 Faine, Jules, 976 Ellis, J. W., 4939 Fajardo, Maria Elsa, 3146 Ellis, Myriam, 3273, 3274 Falcon, César, 5485 Ellison, Fred P., 6664 Falkner, Thomas, 3097 Ellsworth, Paul T., 5751 Fals-Borda, Orlando, 1487, 5106, 5107, 5277 Ely, Roland T., 909, 4638 Faraone, Roque, 6271, 6412

Emmerich, André, | 137 Faria, Alberto de, 6508

Encina, Francisco A., 874, 875, 5647, 5718, 5752 Faria, Manuel Severim de, 3372

Encinas, Diego de, 2066 Faron, Louis C., 1478, 1496, 5775

Encinas, José A., 5484 Farré, Luis, 5813

Enciso, Martin Fernandez de, 2584 Faust, Albert B., 345 Encyclopaedia Britannica, 425 Febres Cordero G., Julio, 2940

Ender, Thomas, 3851 Federmann, Nikolaus, 2883 Engelbrecht, W. A., 2012 Feldman, Arnold D., 1081 Ennes, Ernesto, 3401 Felhoen Kraal, Johanna, 2827

Entralgo, Elias J., 3936 Felice Cardot, Carlos, 2929, 2930

Ercilla y Zuniga, Alonso de, 3061 Feliad Cruz, Guillermo, 2851, 3072, 3503, 3669, 5659,

Ericksen, Ephraim G., 4824 5669, 5776

Errazuriz, Crescente, 3063, 5676 Feller, Abraham H., 4323

Eschwege, Wilhelm L. von, 3852, 3853 Fellmann Velarde, José, 5625

Escobar, Alberto, 5400 Fenochio, Andrés, 6965 Escobar, Esteban, 4549 Fenton, William N., 1290 Escobar Camargo, Antonio, 5238 Fenwick, Charles G., 7073 Escobar Cerda, Luis, 5753 Fergusson, Erna, 4492

Escragnolle Taunay, Affonso de, 39? 1 Fermin, Philip, 2837

Escuelas Americanas, 5349 Fermor, Patrick L., 4825

Espaillat, Arturo F., 4701 Fernandes, Florestan, 6549, 6649, 6654 Espejo, Juan L., 2863 Fernandes Pinheiro, J. C. See Pinheiro, J. C.

Espinosa, J. Manuel, 3337, 3338, 3339, 3340 Fernandes

Espinosa, Juan, 5427 Fernandez, Carlos José, 6260 Espinosa Cordero, Nicolas, 226 Fernandez, Juan J., 6873

INDEX 673

Fernandez, Justino, 1005, 2454, 4145 Flachskampf, Ludwig, 1321 Fernandez, Leon, 2512, 2521, 2522 Flandrau, Charles M., 4175 Fernandez, Pablo Emilio, 5017 Fleener, Charles J., 29 Fernandez Almagro, Melchor, 3422 Fleiuss, Max 812 Fernandez Artucio, Hugo, 6449, 6950 Flemion, Philip F., 30 Fernandez de Castro, José A., 4624, 4642 Fletcher, James C., 6502 Fernandez de Madrid, Pedro, 5162 Fliche, Augustin, 1778 Fernandez de Palencia, Diego, 2960 Flinter, George D., 4720

Fernandez de Piedrahita, Lucas, 2884 Fiorén Lozano, Luis, 202, 203, 204, 224 Fernandez de Recas, Guillermo S., 1417, 2399 Florencia, Francisco de, 2426

Fernandez de Soto, Abraham, 5240 Flores, Antonio, 5306

Fernandez de Soto, Mario, 5241 Flores, Edmundo, 5570

Fernandez del Castillo, Francisco, 2439 Flores, M. Rosa, 962 Fernandez Duro, Cesareo, 1659, 1927 Flores D., Jorge, 4094

4452 Flores Magon, Ricardo, 4275

Fernandez Guardia, Ricardo, 900, 2513, 4450, 4451, Flores Magén, Enrique, 4350

Fernandez Llamazares, José, 1819 Florez Alvarez, Leénidas, 5178

Fernandez Méndez, Eugenio, 1077, 2702, 2717 Fl6rez de Ocariz, Juan, 2878 Fernandez Saldaiia, José M., 400, 6325, 6402 Florida. University. Libraries. Technical Processes

Fernandez-Shaw, Félix G., 7074 Dept., 31

Fernandez y Fernandez, Ramon, 5048 Floyd, Troy S., 2551, 2563, 2564 Fernandez y Medina, Benjamin, 1092 Fluharty, Vernon L., 5226

Ferns, Henry S., 5839 Fondo de Cultura Econémica, Mexico. Departamento

Ferrara, Orestes, 4625 de Promocion y Publicidad, 32 Ferrari, Gustavo, 6044 Foner, Philip S., 910 Ferré, Pedro, 5910 Fonnegra Sierra, Guillermo, 5088 Ferreira, Arthur, 811 Fonseca, Edson Nery da, 156, 170 Ferreira, Carlos A., 3216 Fonseca, Fabian de, 2365

Ferreira, Manoel Rodrigues, 3904 Fonseca, Luiza da, 3341 Ferreira, Silvestre Pinheiro, 3838 Fonseca, Manuel, 6369

Ferreira, Tito Livio, 3904 Font y Rius, José M., 1691

Ferreira, Vieira, 1995 Fontana, Esteban, 3162

Cézar Ferreira da

Ferreira Reis, Arthur Cézar. See Reis, Arthur Fontoura da Costa, Abel. See Costa, Abel Fontoura

Ferreiro, Felipe, 6349 Foppa, Tito L., 5871

Ferrer, Aldo, 6051 Forbes, Jack D., 1459 Ferrer, Horacio, 467 1 Ford, Al[lec}] G., 5983 Ferrer, Pedro L., 877 Ford, Thomas R., 5393

Ferrero Rebagliati, Ratil, 5422, 5486 Forjaz, Djalma, 6509 Ferrero Rebaghiati, ROmulo A., 5392 Fortes, Joao Borges, 3388

Ferrés, Carlos, 3129 Foster, George M., 1651

Ferrez, Gilberto, 3930 Fouchard, Jean, 2771, 2772, 2773, 2774 Fetter, Frank W., 5754 Foulché-Delbosc, Raymond, 33 Feuchtwanger, Franz, 1170 Fraboschi, Roberto O., 3495 Fialho, Anfrisio, 6581 Fraga Iribarne, Manuel, 541, 4721 Figaniére, Frederico Francisco de la, 346 Fragoso, Augusto T., 3351, 6845

Figeac, José F., 957, 4580 France. Institut Nationale de la Statistique et des

Fignolé, Daniel, 4797 Etudes Economiques, 4931, 4932, 4933 Figueira, José J., 1506 France. Ministére de la France d‘Outre-mer, 2732 Figueiredo, Antonio Mesquita de, 3217 Franceschi, Gustavo J., 6104

Figueiredo, Euclydes, 6635 Franco, Affonso Arinos de Mello, 6673, 6730 Figueredo Salcedo, Alberto, 5263 Franco, Jean, 592

Figueroa, Pedro P., 401 Franco, José L., 977, 3423, 3937, 3984 Filisola, Vicente, 3539 Franco, Virgilio A. de Mello, 6731, 6732 Fillol, Tomas R., 6052 Franco de Almeida, Tito. See Almeida, Tito Franco

Figueroa, Virgilio, 402 Franco, Sérgio da Costa, 6701

Finlay, Carlos E., 4643 de

Finot, Enrique, 775, 776, 2971 Franco Isaza, Eduardo, 5275

Finot, Jules, 1734 Francovich, Guillermo, 777, 5580 Fiore, Dolores Ackel, 4534 Fraser, Lionel M., 702

Firmin, Anténor, 4750, 4813 Fraser, Walter B., 1953

6218 Freeman, John F., 347

Fischer-Treuenfeld, Richard Friederich Eberhard], Frazer, Robert W., 6790

Fisher, Lillian E., 2123, 2124, 3199, 3572, 3573 Freeman, Joseph, 6930

Fitte, Ernesto J., 3670 Fregeiro, Clemente L., 6370 Fitts, Dudley, 664 | Frei Montalva, Eduardo, 5658

Fitzgibbon, Russell H., 4681, 6269 Freitas, Antonio M. de, 6438

674 INDEX

Freitas, Caio de, 3905 Galvez, Manuel, 5307, 5947, 6070, 6084, 6168 Freitas, Gustavo de, 3275 Galvis Salazar, Fernando, 5206

Fresco, Manuel A., 6083 Gama Barros, Henrique da. See Barros, Henrique

Fretz, Joseph Winfield, 6251, 6252 daGama Freund, Giséle, 1168 Gamarra, Agustin, 5415 Freycinet, Louis C. Desausles de, 3854 Gamble, W. H., 4910

Freyre, Gilberto, 813, 814, 815, 816, 3288, 6500, Gamez, Jose D., 673, 1043, 4541

6552, 6553, 6554, 6702 Gamir Sandoval, Alfonso, 1928 Frias, Félix, 5892 Gams, Pius B., 1779 Frias Valenzuela, Francisco, 878 Gandavo, Pedro de Magalhaes de, 3227

Friede, Juan, 1488, 1489, 1490, 2885, 2890, 2891 Gandia, Enrique de, 3104, 3110, 3141, 3643, 3801

2892, 2935 Ganivet, Angel, 1644

Friederici, Georg, 130? Gantenbein, James W., 6890 Friedlander, Heinrich, 91 1 Ganzenmiiller de Blay, Maria L., 4950 Friedmann, John, 5049 Ganzert, Frederic W., 6865 Frigerio, Rogelio, 5998, 6135 Gaos, Jose, 4132

Frondizi, Arturo, 6136 Garay, Blas, 3802 Froude. James A.. 4842 Garcés G., Jorge A., 2961, 2981, 3001 Frugoni, Emilio, 6450 Garcia, Antonio, 5080, 5626 Fuchs, Helmuth, 148] Garcia, Casiano, 1954 Fuente, José M. de la, 3526 Garcia, Genaro, 3527

Fuente, Vicente de la, 1770 Garcia, José Gabriel, 935 Fuentealba Hernandez, Leonardo, 5755 Garcia, Juan A., 3130 Fuentes, Jordi, 879 Garcia, Lautico, 3200

Fuentes, Manuel A., 2980 Garcia, Miguel A., 3540, 4379, 4380, 4571, 4572

Fuentes, Patricia de, 1407 Garcia, Rodolpho, 3263, 6501 Fuentes Diaz, Vicente, 4203 Garcia Acevedo, Mario, 5873 Fuentes Franco, Andrés, 4470 Garcia Araez, Elisa, 418

Fuentes Mares, José, 4204, 4237, 4238 . Garcia Calderon, Francisco, 505, 5428, 5460

2533 Garcia Camba, Andrés, 3740 Funchal, Agostinho de Sousa Continho, marquez de, Garcia Caraffa, Alberto, 1703 3889 Garcia Caraffa, Arturo, 1703 Fundacao Calouste Gulbenkian, 157 Garcia Chuecos, Héctor, 2898, 2904, 3189 Fuentes y Guzman, Francisco Antonio de, 2532, Garcia Calderén, Ventura, 5359, 5465

Fuenzalida Grandon, Alejandro, 5706 Garcia Cantu, Gaston, 4103

Fundacion John Boulton, 3606 Garcia Cubas, Antonio, 437, 4176

Funes, Lucio, 5842 Garcia de Palacio, Diego, 2534

Furlong Cardiff, Guillermo, 2227, 3175, 3184, Gracia de Valdeavellano y Arcimis, Luis, 1630

3185, 3607 Garcia Franco, Salvador, 1873

Furtado, Celso, 817 Garcia Gallo, Alfonso, 1660, 1825, 2041, 2095, 2125, 2126

Gabaglia, Laurita Pessoa Raja, 6674, 6675 Garcia Granados, Jorge, 4485

Gabald6n Marquez, Joaquin, 2903 Garcia Granados, Miguel, 4397

Gaffarel, Paul, 3352 Garcia Granados, Rafael, 1345 Gage, Thomas 2078 Garcia Granados, Ricardo, 4087 Gala, Ignacio, 2759 Garcia Gutiérrez, Jesus, 2209

Galante de Sousa, J. See Sousa, J. Galante de Garcia Icazbalceta, Joaquin, 2268, 2289, 2290, 2427

Galbraith, William O., 890 Garcia Moreno, Gabriel, 5318, 5319, 5320 Galdames, Luis, 880, 5648, 5707 Garcia Naranjo, Nemesio, 4351

Galich, Manuel, 4501 Garcia Pelaez, Francisco de Paula, 2514 Galindez, Bartolomé, 5975 Garcia Pimentel, Luis. 2291 Galindez Suarez, Jestis de, 4702 Garcia Ponce, Servando, 4958 Galindo, Anibal, 891,5108, 5144 Garcia Riera, Emilio, 4146 Gallardo, Guillermo, 3672 Garcia Rodriguez, Casiano, 2972 Gallardo, Miguel Angel, 4570 Garcia Salazar, Arturo, 5382, 6774 Gallardo, Ricardo, 4382, 4578 Garcia Valdés, Pedro, 913 Gallegos, Manuel M., 5018 Garcia y Garcia, Elvira, 5487 Gallegos Ortiz, Rafael, 5019 Garcia Zamor, Jean-Claude, 4762 Gallenkamp, Charles, 1169 Garcilaso de la Vega, 1544, 1545, 2480

Galletti, Alfrédo, 602 1 Gardiner, C. Harvey, 2317, 2400, 4205, 4206

Gallinal, Gustavo, 645 | Gardner, W. J., 703

Gallo, Ezequiel, hijo, 5984 Gargaro, Alfredo, 5924 Gallop, Rodney, 1652 Garibay Kintana, Angel M., 1006, 1322, 1394 Galvan, Manuel de J., 2685 Garofano, Alfredo, 6134 Galvan Moreno, C., 5872 Garran de Coulon, Jean P., 3996 Galvao, Antonio, 1872 Garraux, Anatole Louis, 158 Galvao, Henrique, 1841 Garret [Garrett], Naomi M., 4814

INDEX 675 Garreton, Adolfo, 3131 Gomez, Eugenio, 6458

Garrett, Mitchell B., 4023 Gomez, Eugenio J., 438

Garrido, Ginés, 680 Gomez, Hernan F., 758 Garrig6 Salido, Rogue E., 3938 Gomez, José D. 1043

Gauld, Charles A., 6676 Gomez, Juan G., 4626 Gavrilovic, Stoyan, 348 Gomez, Juan V., 5020

Gaxiola, Francisco J., 4306 Gomez, Laureano, 5264

Gaya Delrue, Marcelo, 1912 Gomez Baez, Maximo, 4627 Gayoso, Raymundo José de Souza, 3876 Gomez Barrientos, Estanislao, 5207, 5208 Gazin Gossel, Jacques, 117 Gomez Canedo, Lino, 349, 2042, 2699

Geiger, Maynard J., 2481, 2482 Gomez de Cervantes, Gonzalo, 2366 Gemelli Careri, Giovanni F., 2293 Gomez Garcia, René, 5549

Gelly, Juan A., 6172 Gomez de Orozco, Federico, 2295, 2454 Genoa, Biblioteca Berio, 1862 Gomez Hoyos, Rafael, 3678 Geoghegan, Abel R., 34, 3607 Gomez Jurado, Severo, 5308

Genoa, Commissione Colombiana, 1929 Gomez Hurtado, Alvaro, 5243

Gerbi, Antonello, 6962 Gomez Martinez, Fernando, 5265 Gerhard, Peter, 2294, 2483 Gomez Molleda, Diego, 35 German, Gino, 5814, 5985, 6009, 6105 Gomez Restrepo, Antonio, 893 Gesualdo, Vicente, 755 Gomez Robledo, Antonio, 4115, 4324 Ghioldi, Américo A., 6106 Gomez Zamora, Matias, 1780 Gianello, Leoncio, 3803, 5948 Goncalves, Julio, 1983

Giberti, Horacio C. E., 756 Gongalves dos Santos, Luiz. See Santos, Luiz Gibson, Charles, 1291, 1442, 1443, 1586, 2053 Goncalves dos Gibson, Gordon D., 1303 Gongora, Mario, 872, 2096, 2210, 2872, 3078 Gibson, Meredith H., 6155 Goni Gaztambide, José, 1820 Gifford, James C., 1225 Gonsalves de Mello, José A. See Mello, José A. Gil, Federico G., 549, 5732 Gontio de Carvalho, Anténio, 6678 Gil Arantegui, Malaguias, 3968 Gonzales Carranza, Domingo, 2623 Gil Fortoul, José, 1113 Gonzalez, Ariosto D., 3804, 6371, 6384, 6403, 6439

Gil, Enrique, 7075 Gonsalves de

Gil Munilla, Ladislao, 1955, 1956, 1982 Gonzalez, Carlos A., 5434

Gil Munilla, Octavio, 3105 Gonzalez, Joaquin V., 5961, 6874 Gill Aguinaga, Juan B., 6177 Gonzalez, Juan N., 6219, 6246

Gillet, Louis, V.,1807 3717 Gillies, J. M., 618 5685Gonzalez, Gonzalez,Juan Julio,

Gillmor, Frances, 1444 Gonzalez, Julio C., 3132, 3176 Gilmore, Robert L., 3716, 4956 Gonzalez, Julio V., 3805 Giménez, Armando, 4672 Gonzalez, Luis F., 4440, 4441 Giménez Caballero, Ernesto, 6156 Gonzalez, Pedro L., 5756

Giménez Fernandez, Manuel, 1874, 2089, 2686 Gonzalez, Teodosio, 6247

Gipson, Lawrence H., 2151 Gonzalez, Tomas, 1728

Giraldo Jaramillo, Gabriel, 205, 892, 5075 Gonzalez Arrili, Bernardo, 5949, 5993

Giraldo Londono, Pedronel, 5242 Gonzalez Baquero, R., 5050

Girao, Raimundo, 818 Gonzalez Blanco, Pedro L., 4703

Girod-Chantrans, Justin, 2760 Gonzalez Conzi, Efrain, 6419 Gitdici, Roberto B., 6419 Gonzalez Echenique, Javier, 186, 3079

Gisbert, Teresa, 782, 3044, 5582 Gonzalez de Cossio, Francisco, 250, 1007

Giuria, Juan, 1093 Gonzalez Garcia, Sebastian, 2718 Glass, John B., 1225, 1362 Gonzalez Garza, Federico, 4352

Glauert, Earl T., 6059 Gonzalez Guinan, Francisco, 4957

Gleason, S. Everett, 6915 Gonzalez Navarro, Moisés, 2367, 4133, 4221, 4222,

Glick, Edward B., 6951 4307 Godinho, Vitorino Magalhaes, 1616, 1645, 1852 Gonzalez Obregon, Luis, 2401, 3574 Godinho, Wagnor R., 6677 Gonzalez Pena, Carlos, 1008

Goebel, Dorothy B., 3460, 3504 Gonzalez Prada, Manuel, 5466 Goebel, Julius, 757, 5815, 6952 Gonzalez Ramirez, Manuel, 4261

Goins, John F., 5571 Gonzalez Vigil, Francisco de Paula, 5435 Goldberg, Isaac, 819 Gonzalez y Contreras, Gilberto, 4520 Goldhamer, Herbert, 302 Gonzalez y Gonzalez, Luis, 3575, 4072 Goldwert, Marvin, 6085 Gonzalez y Gutiérrez, Diego, 4644 Gomara, Francisco Lépez de, 2318 Goodspeed, Stephen S., 4262 Gomes, Eduardo, 6625 Gordillo, Roberto A., 4U078 Gomes de Amorim Perreira, Henrique. See Perreira, Gordon, Wendell C., 559, 4325 Henrique Gomes de Amorim Goris, Jan A., 1735

Gomes de Carvalho, M. E. See Carvalho, M. E. Gorsira, M. P., 4939

Gomes de Gortari, Eli de, 1009

676 INDEX Goslinga, Cornelis C., 4066 Guerra y Sanchez, Ramiro, 685, 915, 916, 917, 2651,

Gosselman, Karl August, 3695 4628

Goulart, Mauricio, 820 Guerrant, Edward O., 6912

Goveia, Elsa V., 704, 2605, 2819 Guerreiro Ramos, Alberto. See Ramos, Alberto Goycochea, Luis Felipe de Castilhos, 3906 Guerreiro

Graciarena, Jorge, 6009 Guerrero Yoacham, Cristian, 6876

Graebner, Norman A., 4207 Guevara, Dario C., 5327, 5328, 5337

Graham, Agnes, 5786 Guevara, Tomas, 5697 Graham, Gerald S., 3442 Guido, Angel, 619

Graham, John A., 1353 Gujarro Olivares, José, 2187

Graham, Richard, 6534, 6582 Guilarte, Alfonso Maria, 1704 Grases, Pedro, 3608, 3609, 3679, 4951, 4952, 4953 Guilherme, Olympio, 6866

Gratiant, Gilbert, 731 Guillén Martinez, Fernando, 5090 Grau San Martin, Ramon, 4673 Guillén y Tato, Julio F., 1930

Gray, William H., 4987 Guimaraes, Alberto Carlos d’ Araujo, 3922 Great Britain. British Guiana and British Honduras Guimaraes, Alberto Passos, 821 Settlement Commission, 4877 Guiral, Paul, 4935 Great Britain. Colonial Office, 4852, 4853, 4871, Guiteras, Pedro J., 4600 4873, 4878, 4887, 4894, 4908, 4911, 4914, 4915, Gumilla, Joseph, 1482

4916, 4917, 4944 Gurgel, Heitor, 3289

Great Britain. Colonial Office. Library, 4835 Gurney, Joseph J., 4042

Great Britain. Privy Council, 2792 Gurria Lacroix, Jorge, 3509

Great Britain. Public Record Office, 2793 Gutiérrez, Alberto, 5595, 5607

A854 Gutiérrez, Juan M., 659

Great Britain. West India Royal Commission /897, Gutiérrez, José Rosendo, 139

Great Britain. West India Royal Commission Gutiérrez Anzola, Jorge E., 5276

(1938-1939), 4855 Gutiérrez de Arce, Manuel, 720, 2211

Gredilla y Guana, Apolinar F., 2941 Gutiérrez de Santa Clara, Pedro, 2962

Green, Otis H., 1781! Gutiérrez del Arroyo, Isabel, 936, 1078, 3976 Greenleaf, Richard E., 2428 Gutiérrez Navarro, Isaac, 5266 Greenlee, William B., 1605, 1996, 3353, 3354 Gutiérrez Ponce, Ignacio, 5209 Greve, Ernesto, 2020, 5757 Gutiérrez y Ulloa, Antonio, 2535 Grez Pérez, Carlos E., 6791 Guzman, Alcibiades, 5596 Grieco, Donatello, 3907 Guzman, Augusto, 5581, 5608 Griffin, Charles C., 507. 593, 3424, 3425, 3461, 5649 Guzman, Martin L., 4353, 4354

Griffin, Grace G., 6886 Guzman Campos, German, 5277 Griffith, William J., 4373, 4486 Guzman Rosales, Miguel, 5787 Griggs, Earl Leslie, 3997 Guzman Selva, Enrique, 4414

Grigulevich, I. R., 4660 Guzman y Raz Guzman, Jesus, 3510, 4073, 6783 Grimotard, Henri de, 3998 Grisanti, Angel, 3610, 4971 Habana. Ayuntamiento, 2638, 2639

Grismer, Raymond L., 303, 639 Habana. Biblioteca Nacional ‘José Marti.’’ DepartGrol, G. J. van, 725 amento Colleci6n Cubana, 2640, 2641 Grompone, Antonio M., 6310 Hackett, Charles Wilson, 2484, 4326

Groot, José Manuel, 3718 Hadden, Gordon J., 1597

Groot, Silvia W., 118 Haebler, Konrad, 1607

Gropp, Arthur E., 36, 37, 350 Haedo, Eduardo V., 6440 Groth-Kimball, Irmgard, 1170 Haefkens, J., 3559

Groussac, Paul, 3806 Haenszel, Arda M., 2021 Grubb, Kenneth G., 4388 Hague, Eleanor, 620 Grubb, Wilfrid B., 6157 Haigh, Samuel, 3634

Grupo Cubano de Investigaciones Econémicas, 4596 Haiti. Laws, statutes, etc., 4763, 4764

Guanabara, Alcindo, 6703 Haiti. Treaties, etc., 4765 Guandique, José S., 3593 Hakluyt, Richard, 1863

Guarda Geywitz, Fernando, 187 Hale, Charles A., 4134 Guarderas, Francisco, 5336 Hall, Basil, 3457 Guardia Mayorga, César A., 5394 Hall, Douglas, 4895 Guardiola Cubas, Estéban, 4508 Halle, Louis J.,Jr., 1171 Guardo, Ricardo C., 6107 Halperin, Ernst, 5733 Guatemala. Constitution, 4467 Halperin Donghi, Tulio, 2044

Guatemela. Direccién General de Cartografia, 439 Hamelberg, J. H. J., 2828, 2830 Guatemala. Laws, statutes, etc., 4468, 4469, 4472 Hamill, Hugh M., Jr., 542, 3576

Guatemala. Secretaria de Relaciones Exteriores,6797 | Hamilton, Bernice, 1683

Guerra, Francisco, 2043 Hamilton, Bruce, 4874 Guerra, José, 3546 Hamilton, Carlos Depassier, 640 Guerra, José G., 6875 Hamilton, Earl J., 1709

Guerra, José J., 5089, 5094 Hamilton, John P., 3696

INDEX 677 Hammond, George P., 2485, 2486 Herrera. Carmen D. de. 262

Handelmann, Heinrich, 3228 Herrera, César A.. 4705

Hanke, Lewis, 508, 529, 2097, 2212, 2242, 2243, Herrera, Luis Alberto de, 3496, 6343, 6372, 6385,

2624, 2954 6386, 6420, 6441, 6834

Hansen, Emilio, 5860 Herrera Alarcon, Dante, 5374

Hanson, Earl P., 454, 4734 Herrera Frimont, Celestino, 4341 Hanson, Simon G., 560, 5986, 6293 Herrera Lane, Felipe, 7076

Harcourt, Robert, 2838 Herrera y Obes, Manuel, 6373 Hardy, Osgood, 5743 Herrera y Ogazon, Alba, 1010

Hardy, Robert W. H., 3560 Herrera y Tordesillas, Antonio de, 2087

6913 Herrmann, Paul, 1875

Haring, Clarence H., 2054, 2172, 2606, 6045, 6484, Herrick, Jane, 3890

Harlow, Vincent T., 2794, 2820 Herskovits, Frances S., 4912 Harris, Charles H., 4223 Herskovits, Melville J., 595, 1842, 4798, 4912

Harris, Marvin, 594 Hervey, Thomas 4047 Harrison, John P., 352 Herwerden, P. J. van, 2012 Harrisse, Henry, 39 Hidalgo, José M., 4239 Harth-Terré, Emilio, 1598, 3037 Hidalgo Sereno, Jacinto, 2022

Hartog, Johannes, 726 Hidalgo y Castilla, Miguel, 3529 Harvard University. Bureau for Economic Research Higham, C. S. S., 2821 in Latin America, 304 Hilarién Sanchez, Alfonso, 5267 Harvard University. Library, 40 Hildebrand, Ingegerd, 2831 Harvard University. Peabody Museum of Archae- Hildebrandt, Martha, 3680

ology and Ethnology. Library, 1304 Hill, George W., 5051

Harvey, W. W., 4009 Hill, Howard C., 6926

Hasbrouck, Alfred, 3644 Hill, Lawrence F., 6471, 6535

Haskins, Ralph W., 5329 Hill, Roscoe R., 353, 354, 355, 2127, 4530 Hassal, Mary [Mrs. Leonora Sansay], 4010 Hilliard d‘ Auberteuil, Michel R., 2761

Hassaurek, Friedrich, 5321 Hilton, Ronald, 356 Haya de la Torre, Victor Raul, 5488, 5513 Hincapié Santa-Maria, Julio, 5109 Hazlewood, Arthur, 305 Hinton, John H., 4052 Head, Francis B., 3635 Hirschman, Albert O., 561, 6647 Hearn, Lafcadio, 4923 Hispanic and Luso Brazilian Councils, London, 42, 43 Heath, Dwight B., 1507 Hispanic Society of America, 45 Heaton, Herbert, 3914 Hispanic Society of America. Library, 44 Heimbucher, Max, 1792 Hiss, Philip H., 119, 727 Heins, Guillermo, 6877 Hobbs, William Herbert, 1932 Heise Gonzalez, Julio, 5734 Hoetink, H., 728 Heisecke, Guillermo, 266 Hoffmann, Fritz L., 5999

Helmer, Marie, 3016 Hoffner, Joseph, 2245 Henao, Jestis Maria, 894 Holanda, Sérgio Buarque de, 823, 824, 3356, 3357, Henao Mejia, Gabriel, 5210 3358, 6485 Henriques, Affonso, 6679, 6733 Holguin, Carlos, 5179

Henriques, Fernando, 4896 Holleran, Mary P., 4389 Henriquez, Camilo, 3771 Holmes, Jack D. L., 2487

Henriquez Urefia, Max, 665, 3961, 3962, 3963, Holmes, Maurice G., 2023

4689, 4704 Holmes, William H., 1172

Henriquez Urefia, Pedro, 641, 642, 2687 Holstein, Otto, 1242 Hera, Alberto de la, 1782, 2213, 2244 Holt, William S., 6896

Henry, Arthur, 732 Holt, Pat M., 5227

Heredia y Mieses, José F., 3697 Holton, Isaac F., 5134

Hermann, Alberto, 5758 Homem, Floriano Torres, 6510 Hermann, Lucila, 822 Honduras. Biblioteca Nacional, 240 Hermes, J. S. da Fonseca, 1931 Honduras. Constitution, 4509 Hernaez, Francisco Javier, 2067 Hopkins, Edward A., 6902

Hernandez, Francisco, 1408 Horsfall, Lucy, 4848 Hernandez, José, 5874 Hostilio Montenegro, Tulo, 306

Hernandez, Pablo, 3177, 3178 Hostos y Bonilla, Eugenio M. de, 4722 Hernandez Arregui, Juan J., 6022 Houdaille, Jacques, 2574, 2775 Hernandez de Alba, Guillermo, 3190 Houtart, Francois, 611 Hernandez de Leon, Federico, 4473 Hovey, Sylvester, 4043 Hernandez Sanchez-Barba, Mario, 509 Howard, George D., 1243, 1244

Hernandez Travieso, A., 4645 Howard, George P., 612

Hernandez Urbina, Alfredo, 5514 Howarth, David Armine, 1046 Hernandez y Davalos, Juan E., 3528 Howe, George, 5330 Herraez Sanchez de Escariche, Julia, 2188 Howe, Walter, 2368 Herrarte, Alberto, 4383, 6784 Hualde de Pérez Guilhou, Margarita, 134

Herrera, Bartolomé, 5429 Hudson, Damian, 5843

678 INDEX

Hudson, William H., 5911, 6326 Inter-American Conference for the Maintenance of

Huerta, Adolfo de la, 4355 Continental Peace and Security. Rio de Janeiro, Huerta, Pedro J., 5331 1947. 6992 Hueyo, Alberto, 6086 Inter-American Conference on Problems of War and

Hughlett, Lloyd J., 563 Peace, México, 1945, 7078

Hulet, Claude L., 307, 308 Inter-American Council of Jurists. Statutes, 6997

Humphrey, John T., 7077 ; "

Humboldt, Alexander von, 2079, 2296, 2879, 4602 Inter-American Cultural Council, 6998

Humphreys, Robert A., 48, 705, 3416, 3417, 3426, ‘Inter-American Cultural Council. Ist meeting,

3442, 3443, 3462, 3463, 6486 Inter-American Cultural Council. 2nd meeting,

Huneeus Gana, Antonio, 5660 Lima, 1956, 7000, 7001 Huneeus Perez, Andrés, 3064 Inter-American Cultural Council. 3d meeting, San Huneeus y Gana, Jorge, 5798 Juan, 1959, 7002, 7003 Hunter, John M., 5228 Inter-American Cultural Council. 4th meeting, Hurault, J., 112 Washington, 1966, 7004, 7005 Huret, Jules, 5967, 5968 Inter-American Cultural Council. Committee for Hussey, Roland D., 2173, 2246, 2575, 2607, 2923, Cultural Action, 52, 7006, 7007

7067 Inter-American Defense Board, 7032, 7033

Hutchinson, Thomas J., 5912 Inter-American Development Bank, 7034, 7035, 7036, 7037

lanni, Octavio, 6472, 6536, 6652 Inter-American Economic and Social Council, 6966, Ibafiez, Pedro M., 2900, 3702, 5217 6993, 7008, 7009, 7010, 7011, 7038 Ibarguren, Carlos, 5950, 6023 Inter-American Economic and Social Council. InterIbarra, Ecuador. Cabildo, 2982 American Committee on the Alliance for Progress,

Ibarra y Rodriguez, Eduardo, 1661, 1716 6967

455 for Political Defense, 7039

Ibero-Amerikanischer Verein Hamburg-Bremen, Inter-American Emergency Advisory Committee

Icaza, Francisco A. de, 2297 Inter-American Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Idiarte Borda, Celia, 6421 7049, 7050 Idiarte Borda, Maria E., 6421 Inter-American Nuclear Energy Commission, 7040

Iglesia, Ramon, 2320 Inter-American Nuclear Energy Commission. Ist

Iglesias, Augusto, 5799 meeting, Washington, 1959, 7041

Iglésias, Francisco, 6665 Inter-American Peace Committee, 7042, 7043, 7044,

Iglesias, Luis, 4585 7045 Iglesias Meléndez, Julio H., 5708 Inter American Statistical Institute, 474, 475

Igual, José Maria, 1957 International American Conference. Ist, Washington, Iguiniz, Juan B., 403 D.C., 1889-1890, 3444 Im Thurn, Everard F., 4879 International American Conference. 9th, Bogatd,

Imaz, José L. de, 6024, 6137 1948, 6984

Inchaustegui Cabral, Joaquin M., 937, 2586, 2675, International Bank for Reconstruction and Develop-

3951, 4706 ment, 4502, 4535, 4897, 5110

Infante, Joaquin, 3940 International Bureau of the American Republics, Ingenieros, José, 5866 6985 Inman, Samuel Guy, 512 International Congress of Americanists, 1138

Inquisition. Brazil, 3305, 3306, 3307 International Congress of Hispanists, 53 Institute of Jamaica, Kingston. Library, 120 Ira, Rudolf, 426

Institute of Jamaica, Kingston. West India Reference IrazAbal, Carlos, 1114, 4988

Library, 4836 Irazusta, Julio, 1933, 5951, 6087, 6138

Instituto Argentino de Ciencias Genealogicas, 3611 Irazusta, Rodolfo, 6087 Instituto Chileno-Norteamericano de Cultura, 456 Ireland, Gordon, 743, 6764, 6765 Instituto de Estudios Historicos Sobre la Reconquista Iriarte, Tomas de, 5913

y Defensa de Buenos Aires, 3201 Irie, Toraji, 5395 Janeiro, 357, 358, 440, 3828, 6583 Irureta Goyena, José, 6294

Instituto Histérico e Geographico Brasileiro, Rio de _Irigoyen, Pedro, 5452

Instituto Internacional de Literatura Iberoamericana, Isabelle, Arséne, 5914

643 Italy. Reale Commissione Colombiana, 1934

Instituto Libertador Ramon Castilla, 5430 Iturbide, Agustin de, 3530

Instituto Nacional Sanmartiniano, 3623 Iturbide, J. V., 6447

Instituto Torcuato di Tella. Centro de Investigaciones —_[turribarria, Jorge F., 4095, 4096

Econémicas, 6053 Iturricha, Agustin, 5597

Instia Rodriguez, Ramon, 628 Ixtilxochitl, Fernando de Alva, 1396 Inter-American Children’s Institute, 7047, 7048 Izmui, Seiichi, 1528

Inter-American Coffee Agreement, 6991 Izquierdo F., Gonzalo, 5759

Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, 7031 Inter-American Committee for Agricultural Develop- Jaboatao, Anténio de Santa Maria, 3242

ment, 7059 Jackson, William V., 159

Inter-American Committee of Presidential Repre- Jacobsen, Jerome V., 2429, 3342

sentatives, 7025, 7026 Jacome, Gustavo Alfredo, 5338

INDEX 679 Jaeger, Luis Gonzaga, 3179

Jaguaribe, Hélio, 6734 Kelsey, Vera, 964

Jamaica. Independence Assembly, 2805 eomptt Mercado, Manfredo, 629 Jamaica Confer eniston, Hayward, 4898 P erence, London, 1962, Kepner, Charles D., 4415, 4416 Jamaica Library Service, 121 Ker, Annita M., 4074 James, C. L. R., 3985 Kidder, Alfred V., 1176, 1177, 1246 James, David, 3923 Kidder, Daniel P., 6502 James. Preston, 513 Kieman, Mathias C., 1513, 3290, 3291

Jameson, Robert F., 4603 Kiernan, V. G., 6953 Jan, Jean M., 978 Kimball, J. H., 4048 Janvier, Louis J., 4766 Kimble, George H. T., 1826

Jara, Alvaro, 1497, 3017, 3073, 3074, 3080 King, Arden R., 1178

Jaramillo, Esteban, 5111 King, James F., 314, 2256, 2932, 3427

Jaramillo, Miguel A., 227, 5281 Kingsborough, Edward King, Lord, 1397 Jaramillo Uribe, Jaime, 2931, 5127 Kingsley, Anne, 313

Jardim, Antdénio da Silva, 6496 Kinnaird, Lawrence, 2488 Jauretche, Arturo, 6000, 6088 Kirchhoff, Paul, 1292, 1293

Jean-Baptiste, Saint- Victor, 3986, 4014 Kirkpatrick, Frederick A., 2055, 2369

Jefferson, Mark, 5777 Klass, Morton, 4913

Jefferys, Thomas, 2587 Klaveren, Jacob van, 1710 Jenks, Leland H., 4687 Klein, Herbert S., 596, 5550, 5551, 5627 Jennings, Jesse D., 1176 Klein, Julius, 1717, 1729 Jij6n y Caamano, Jacinto, 2973 Klettner, Edgar, 426

Jiménez de la Espada, Marcos, 1473, 2948, 3373 Klimpel Alvarado, Felicitas, 5779

Jiménez Moreno, Wigberto, 2430 Klingberg, Frank J., 707 Jiménez Rueda, Julio, 1012, 2402, 4147 Knapp, Frank A., 4240 Jobet Burquez, Julio C., 5661,5778 Knappert, Laurentius, 2832

Johnson, Harvey, 160 Kneller, George F., 4127 Johnson, John J., 543, 544, 5760, 6615, 6636 Knight, Melvin M., 4707

Johnson, Richard A., 4208 Knox, John P., 721 Johnson, Willis F., 918 Koebel, William H., 1054, 1094 Jones, Cecil Knight, 55 Kolinski, Charles J., 6211, 6846 Jones, Chester Lloyd, 674, 963 Konetzke, Richard, 57, 2045, 2056, 2068, 2098, 2152, Jones, Clarence F., 564 2189, 2190, 2191, 2192, 2248, 2257, 3163 Jones, Tom B., 313 Konig, Abraham, 5677 Jones, Willis K., 644, 645 Korn, Alejandro, 759 Jong, Theo P. M. de, 3464, 3465 Korngold, Ralph, 4015

Jordan, David C., 553 Kosok, Paul, 1247

José, Oiliam, 6584 Kossok, Manfred, 3152, 3467 Joseph, Edward L., 706 Koster, Henry, 3855 Joslin, David, 565 Kraft, Walter C., 359

Jouanen, José, 3029 Kratz, Wilhelm, 3180 Jover, José M., 1642 Krickeberg, Walter, 1354

Joyce, Thomas A., 1139, 1173, 1245 Kroeber, Alfred L., 1248 Juan y Santacilia, Jorge, 2864, 2865 Kroeber, Clifton B., 744, 5816 Juana Inés de la Cruz, Sister, 2228 Kruijer, Gerardus J., 729

Juarros, Domingo, 2515 Krusche, Rolf, 1381

Juderias y Loyot, Julian, 2247 Kubitschek, Juscelino, 7079 Junco, Alfonso, 4088 Kubler, George, 622, 1064, 1141, 1587, 1588, 1589,

Junta de Historia Eclesiastica Argentina, 3673 1590, 2440

3118 Kurath, Gertrude P., 1419

Junta Provincial de Estudios Histéricos de Santa Fe, Kundt, Hans, 5628

Justin, Joseph, 4767 Kurzman, Dan, 4708 Justo, Juan B., 6025

Labarca Hubertson, Amanda, 5793 La Barre, Weston, 5573

Kahle, Louis G., 2128 Labat, Jean B., 2739 Kantor, Harry, 4461 ’ 5489 Laborie, P. J., 2762

Karnes, Thomas L., 4384, 6798 Labra y Cadrana, Rafael M., 3428

Katz, Friedrich, 1313, 4116 Lacombe, Américo, J., 6606 Kaufmann, William W., 3466 Lacroix, Alfred, 4924 Keen, Benjamin, 514, 3497 Lacroix, Francois J. P., vicomte de, 4011 Kelchner, Warren H., 6880 Laerne, C. F. van Delden, 6527 Kelemen, Pal, 621, 1140 La Farge, Oliver, 1294 Keller, Frank Leuer, 5572 Lafertte Gavinio, Elias, 5678

Kelley, J. Charles, 1174 Lafiandra, Félix, 6108 Kelly, Isabel, 1175 Lafont, Julio B., 5851 Kelly, John E., 2547 Lafora, Nicolas de, 2489

680 INDEX Lafuente Ferrari, Enrique, 3577 Leado, Anténio Carneiro, 825

6158 Lebensohn, Moises, 6027

Lafuente Machain, Ricardo de, 3111, 3153, 3154, Leavitt, Sturgis E., 62, 666

Lagos Trindade, Maria J., 1718 Le Blant, Robert, 2733 Lagos Valenzuela, Tulio, 5780 Leconte, Vergniaud, 4768

Lalinde Abadia, Jesus, 1662, 1663 Lecuna, Vicente, 3624, 3646, 3647, 3648, 3742

Lally, Frank E., 4209 Ledru, André P., 3974 Lamadrid Jiménez, Lazaro, 3514 Lee, Raymond L., 2370, 2371 Lamas, Andrés, 6374, 6389 Leeds, Antony, 1491

Lamas, Pedro S., 6375 Léger, Abel-Nicolas, 4769 Lamb, Ursula, 2431, 2688 Léger, J. N., 4770

Lambert, Jacques, 6616 Le Gouhir y Rodas, José M., 5283 Lamego, Alberto, 3324, 3359 Leguia, Jorge G., 5424

Landa, Diego de, 1409 Leguizamon, Martiniano, 5894

Landa, José, 6071 Lehmann, Walter, 1363 Landerberger, Jose M., 5962 Leite, Aureliano, 826, 6607, 6680 Langer, William L., 6915 Leite, Mario, 6159

Langhans, Franz-Paul de Almeida, 1730 Leite, Serafim, 3308, 3309, 3310, 3343

Langlois, Luis, 5744 Leite de Vasconcellos Pereira de Mello, José. See Langnas, Izaac A., 1876 Mello, José Leite de Vasconcellos Pereira de

Lanier, Clement, 3941 Lejarza, Fidel de, 1793, 2025 Lanning, Edward P., 1529 Leland, Waldo G., 361

Lanning, John Tate, 2229, 2490, 2568, 2569 Lemaitre Roman, Eduardo, 5211

Lapeyre, Henri, 1653, 1736 Leme, Pedro Taques de Almeida Paes, 3276, 3360 La Plata. Universidad Nacional. Biblioteca, 58 Lemoine Villicafia, Ernesto, 353 1 La Plata. Universidad Nacional. Departamento de Lemos Guzman, Antonio J., 5212

Letras, 3681 Lenz, Hans, 1418

La Plata. Universidad Nacional. Facultad de Humani- —__ Leon, Nicolas, 2269, 2403, 4075

dades y Ciencias de la Educacién, 5925 Léon, Pierre, 2750

La Plata. Universidad Nacional. Instituto de Historia Le6én, Ramon D., 5022

Argentina, 5893 Leon de Vivero, Fernando, 5516

Lara y Torres, Leopoldo, 4104 Leén-Portilla, Miguel, 1323, 1324, 1445, 2321 Larco Hoyle, Rafael, 1249, 1250, 1251 Leon y Canales, Benito, 2628

Lardé y Larin, Jorge, 958, 4581 Léonard, Emile-G., 6655

Larousse (firm), 427 Leonard, Irving A., 2231, 2441, 2442

Larra, Ratl, 6026 Leonard, Olen E., 5574

Larrain, Carlos J., 3067, 6390 Leonardi, Luis E., 6139 Larrazabal, Felipe, 3645 Lepelletier de Saint-Rémy, R., 979, 4936 Larrea, Carlos M., 228, 2024 Le Pers, Jean-Baptiste, 2608 Larreynaga, Miguel, 2523 Lepervanche Paparcen, René de, 3964 — Larroyo, Francisco, 630, 4128 Lepidus, Henry, 1014

Larsen, Jens P. M., 4945 Lepro, Afredo, 6391 Larsen, Kay, 722 Lerdo de Tejada, Sebastian, 4241 Lascano, Victor, 6776 Lerena Juanico, Julio, 1095 Lascaris C., Constantino, 901 Le Riverend Brusone, Julio J., 2609, 2629, 2652, 4597 Lasserre, Guy, 4925 Lescouflair, Arthur, 4743 Lastres, Juan B., 2230, 3682, 5401, 5423 Leslie, Charles, 2806

Latcham, Ricardo E., 1252 Leturia, Pedro, 613, 3445, 3446 Latham, Wilfrid, 5915 Level de Goda, Luis, 5023 Latorre, German, 1474 Levene, Ricardo, 760, 2099, 2100, 3155, 3807, 3808,

Latzina, Francisco, 441 5817 Laurent, Gérard M., 360, 3999, 4024 Levi, Nadia, 63

Laurent, Mentor, 3987 Lévi-Provengal, Evariste, 1756 Lavalleja, Juan A., 6344 1988, 1989, 3112, 3143 Lavardén, Manuel de, 3142 Levine, Robert M., 6608 Laverde Amaya, I[sidoro, 206 Levy, Pablo, 4542

Laval, Ramon A., 188, 189 Levillier, Roberto, 1591, 1967, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987,

Lavin, John, 5021 Lewin, Boleslao, 1599 Lavrov, N. M., 4284 Lewis, Gordon K., 4735

Lawaetz, Herman, 723, 724 Lewis, Matthew G., 4063

Laytano, Dante de, 6565 Leyburn, James G., 4799 Lazo, Raimundo, 646 Liceaga, José M. de, 3547 Lea, Henry C., 1783, 2214 Liceaga, Luis, 4356 Leal, Aurelino, 6566 Lichtblau, Myron I., 5875 Leal, Idefonso, 2942 Lidholm de Oliveira, Oscar, 3311

Leal, Luis, 1013 Lieuwen, Edwin, 545, 546, 5052 Leal, Victor Nunes, 6473 Liévano Aguirre, Indalecio, 3719, 5213 Leander, Birgitta, 1398 Ligon, Richard, 2822

INDEX 68 1 Lillo, Samuel, 881 Lépez, Francisco S., 6178 Lima. Cabildo, 2983 Lopez, Jacinto, 5453 Lima. Consulado, 3002 Lépez, José E., 5054 Lima. Escuela Militar, Chorillos, 5436 Lopez, José H. 5145

271 Lopez, Vicente F., 3809

Lima. Universidad Mayor de San Marcos. Biblioteca, Lopez, Robert S., 1737, 1738

Lima, A. Saboia, 6704 L6épez Albtjar, Enrique, 5477

Lima, Alexandre José Barbosa, 827 Lopez Camara, Francisco, 4135, 4224 Lima, Manoel de Oliveira, 362, 515, 828, 3325, 3361, | 1-6pez Contreras, Eleazar, 5024, 5055

3491, 3829, 3830, 6487 Lépez de Cogolludo, Diego, 2298

Lima Junior, Augusto de, 3389 Lopez de Mesa, Luis, 895

Lima Sobrinho, Alexandre J. Barbosa, 6735 L6épez de Velasco, Juan, 2080

Linares Quintana, Segundo V., 6001 Lépez de Villasenor, Pedro, 2405

Lindahl, Goran G., 6442 Lépez Decoud, Arsenio, 6220 Lines, Jorge A., 212, 1468 Lépez Flores, Manuel, 1903 Link, Edwin A., 1935 Lépez Jiménez, Ramon, 3594, 4582 Link, Marion C., 1935 Lépez Michelsen, Alfonso, 5247, 5248 Linné, Sigvald, 1136, 1179, 1312, 2404 Lépez Olivan, José, 1664 Lins, Alvaro, 668 1 Lépez Portillo y Rojas, José, 4161 Lins, Ivan Monteiro de Barros, 6666 Lépez-Portillo y Weber, José, 2323 Lins de Barros, JoAo A. See Barros, Jodo A. Lins de Lopez Rivas, Eduardo, 5552

Lipschutz, Aliyjandro, 1329 Lépez Rosado, Diego G., 4122 Lira, Alejandro, 5679 Lopez Sarrelangue, Delfina E., 1330, 1460, 2406 Lisbéa, Joao Francisco, 829 Lépez y Fuentes, Gregorio, 4342, 4343 Lisboa, José da Silva, visconde de Cayrt, 3877, 3878 Lora, Guillermo, 5629, 5630 Lisbon. Biblioteca Nacional. Seccao Ultramarina, Lorenzo, Manuel, 3942

3218, 3219 Lorini, Eteocle, 5861

Lisbon. Palacio da Ajuda. Biblioteca, 1608 Lossada Pineres, Juan A., 5025

Lisson, Carlos, 5467 Lothrop, Samuel K., 1142, 1143, 1183, 1184 Liss6n Chaves, Emilio, 3026 Loture, Robert de, 1877 Lister, Robert H., 1180, 1181 Lourengo, Manoel B., 6658 Livermore, Harold V., 1631, 1632, 1633, 6253 Lowe, Gareth W., 1185

Livermore, Seward W., 6881, 6927 Lowenstein, Karl, 6736 Lizondo Borda, Manuel, 5844 Lowenthal, David, 4843 Llanas de Niubé, Renato, 1913 Lowery, Woodbury, 2491, 2492 Lleras Camargo, Alberto, 5268, 7080 Loza, Leén M., 778 Lleras Restrepo, Carlos, 5245 Lozano, Pedro, 3098, 3171 Llorens Castillo, Vicente, 2689 Lozano Moujan, Josée M., 5876 Llovera Llovera, Bernabé, 5053 Lozano Torrios, Fabio, 6830

Lloyd, Christopher, 6537 Lozano y Lozano, Juan, 508!

Lloyd, Reginald, 6422 Luccock, John, 3856

Loayza, Francisco A., 1566, 3003 Lucero, Franklin, 6109

Lobato, Alexandre, 1843 Lugo, Américo, 2588, 2690 Lobo, Eulalia M., 2174 Lugo Lovatoén, Ramon, 3965 Lockey, Joseph B., 3468 Lugo-Silva, Enrique, 4736

Lockhart, Washington, 6392 Lugones, Leopoldo, 6072 Lockmiller, David A., 4674, 4675 Luna, Félix, 6073 Logan, Rayford W., 686, 980, 981 Luna, Luiz, 1514, 6659

Lohmann Villena, Guillermo, 1571, 2129, 2193, 2991 Luna Pizarro, Francisco J. de, 5416

2992, 2993, 3018, 3043 Luquin, Eduardo, 4327 Lomax, Derek W., 1794 Lussich, Antonio D., 6327 Lombardi, John V., 4989 Luthin, Reinhard H., 733

London. University. University College. Library, 67 Luz, Nicia V., 830, 6538, 6585

Londonio Marin, Abelardo, 5246 Luz y Caballero, José de la, 4646 Londonio Mejia, Carlos M., 5112 Luzardo, Rodolfo, 5056

Long, Anton V., 4899 Lynch, John, 1634, 3133, 3417 Long, Edward, 2813 Lyon, George F., 3561 Long, W. Rodney, 557 Lyra, Heitor, 6511, 6586 Long, William R., 745 Longchamp, Marcelin, 6175 Maas, Otto, 2069 Longyear, John M. IIT, 1182 McAlister, Lyle N., 2339, 3578 Loor, Wilfrido, 5332, 5339 McAndrew, John, 2443 Lopes, David, 1827 McBride, George M., 882, 1015, 5575 Lopes, Edmundo A. Correia, 1757 McCain, William D., 4562 Lopes, Oscar, 1773 McCloskey, Michael B., 6705 Lopes de Sousa, Pero. See Sousa, Pero Lopes de McCloy, Shelby T., 734

Lopétegui, Leon, 2215, 3030 McCorkle, Thomas, 1492

Lopez, Casto F., 3202 McCornack, Richard B., 6867

682 INDEX Manacorda, Telmo, 5994, 6350, 6404

Macdonald Aaais E6038 Manchester, Alan K., 162, 831, 3908, 6488

Macedo, Jorge de, 1855 Mancisidor, José, 4263 Macedo Soares, José C. de. See Soares, José, C. de Manero, Antonio, 4123

Macedo Mangels, H[einrich], 6221

Macera, Pablo, 3004, 3203 Manger, William, 7082

McGann, Thomas F., 7081 Manigat, Leslie F., 4025, 4771, 4785

Machado, Diogo Barbosa, 1609 Manning, William R., 3447, 3485, 4210, 6785, 6891 Machado, José de Alcantara, 3292 Manrique Cabrera, Francisco, 1079

Machado, Eduardo, 5057, 5058 Manrique,J.A.,1337

Machado, José M., 3966 Mantegon, José Ignacio, 257, 258, 2273 Machado Baez, Manuel, 3967 Mantilla, Manuel F., 761 Maciel de Barros, Roque Spencer. See Barros, Roque Manuel II, King of Portugal, 1610

Spencer Maciel de Manzanilla, José M., 5461

McIntosh, Malcolm E., 4000 Manzano Manzano, Juan, 1937, 2161, 2102

Mack, Gerstle, 4385 Maravall, Jose Antonio, 1684, 1692, 1808 Mackay, John A., 614 Marbais du Graty, Alfred L.H.G., 1055 Mackenzie, Charles, 4012 Marcelin, Frédéric, 4800 McLean, Malcolm D., 4242 Marcelin, L-J.,4772 MacLean y Estenés, Roberto, 597 Marcelin, Pierre, 4818 MacLeod, Murdo J., 30 Marchand-Thébault, Mme, 2844

M’Mahon, Benjamin, 4039 Marchant, Alexander N. de A., 69, 855, 1515, 3362, McMahon, Dorothy, 1572 3402, 3403, 6752 Macmillan, William M., 4844 Marchant, Anyda, 3924, 6512

Madariaga, Salvador de, 3649 Marcondes de Souza, Thomaz O. See Souza, Thomaz Madden, Richard R., 919, 4044 O. Marcondes de , Madiou, Thomas, 982 Marcondes Homen de Mello, F rancisco I., barao HoMadrid. Biblioteca Nacional. Seccién de Hispano- men de Mello. See Mello, Francisco I. Marcondes américa, 68 Homen de, barao Homen de Mello Maeso, Carlos M., 6423 Marfany, Roberto H., 3810

Maeztu, Ramiro de, 6954 Marianetti, Benito, 6004 Magaldi, Sabato, 6474 Mariategui, José C., 5360, 6753

Maffei, Eugenio, 1731 Mariategui, Javier, 5507

Magalhaes, Basilio de, 3277, 3390, 6587 Marill, René (pseud.), 762 Magalhaes, Joao B., 3839, 3891 Mariluz Urquijo, José M., 2130, 3134, 3498, 5938

Magalhaes, Manoel A., 3879 Marin Vicuna, Santiago, 5709, 5762 Magalhaes, Raymundo, 6588, 6706, 6707 Marinas Otero, Luis, 989 Magalhaes de Gandavo, Pedro de. See Gandavo, Marinho, Jose A., 6589

Pedro de Magalhaes de Mariscal, Francisco Sierra y, 3880

Magalhaes Godinho, Vitorino. See Godinho, Vitorino Markham, Clements R., 1065, 2014, 6819

Magalhaes Markman, Sidney D., 2570

Magallanes, Manuel V., 4959 Marmol, Florencio del, 5895 Magana, Gildardo, 4308 Marof, Tristan. See Navarro, Gustavo A. Magarinos de Mello, Mateo J., 6376 Marotta, Sebastian, 5818, 5862, 6074

Magdaleno, Mauricio, 4357 Marques, Antonio H. R. de Oliveira, 1611, 1693, 1711

Maggs Bros., London, 161 Marques dos Santos, Francisco. See Santos,

Magloire, Auguste, 4751 Francisco Marques dos

Magnaghi, Alberto, 1936, 1968 Marques Pereira, Nuno. See Pereira, Nuno Marques Magnet, Alejandro, 5788, 6110, 6868 Marquez Abanto, Alberto, 3037, 6295

Maguina, Juan Esteban, 457 Marquina, Ignacio, 1186 Mahé, Marcel, 6160 Marrero Aristy, Ramon, 938 Mahn-Lat, Marianne, 1914 Marrero y Artiles, Levi, 2653

Maier, Joseph, 547 Marrocos, Luiz J. dos Santos, 3840 Main, Mary F., 6111 Mars, Jean Price-, 4773, 4801, 4816 Maior, Pedro Souto, 363 Marsal S., Pablo, 6112

Maiz, Fidel, 6183 Marsh, Margaret C., 5553 Majo Framis, Ricardo, 1878, 1969 Marshall, Cecil E., 2407

Makinson, David H., 2823 Martel, Julian. See Mir6, José M.

3968 Marti, Samuel, 1419

Malag6n Barcelo, Javier, 2270, 2340, 2691, 2692, Marti, José, 4648

Malaina, Santiago, 4583, 4584 Marti de Cid, Dolores, 1320 Malaspina, Alessandro, 2013, 3099 Martin, Gaston, 735

Malavé Mata, Héctor, 5059 Martin, José C., 5468

Malheiros, Agostinho M. Perdigio, 6539 Martin, Lawrence, 458

Mallea, Eduardo, 6060, 6061 Martin, Norman F., 2408 Malouet, Pierre V., 2589 Martin, Percy A., 6475, 6540, 6590, 6882

Mamalakis, Markos, 5761 Martin, Percy F., 4586

Manach, Jorge, 4647 Martin, Sylvia, 458

INDEX 683 Martin, Victor, 1778 Maza, Diego de la, 2676 Martin de Nantes, 3245 Mazin, E., 4926

Martin de Moussy, Jean Antoine Victor, 428, 5916 Maza Zavala, Domingo F., 5060

Martineau, Alfred, 4921 Mazo, Gabriel del, 5402, 5819, 5977, 6005, 6029

Martinez, Benigno T., 763 Mead, Robert G., Jr., 647, 5403

Martinez, José L. (Uruguay), 6405, 6424, 6452 Means, Philip A., 1518, 1531, 2324, 2610 Martinez, José L. (Mexico), 4136, 4148, 4149 Mecham, J. Lloyd, 615, 2493, 6916

Martinez, Martin C., 6296, 6425 Medina, José T., 71, 231, 251, 2026, 2027, 2216, Martinez, Miguel A., 5425, 5437 2271, 2272, 2432, 2516, 2630, 2852, 2936, 3031,

Martinez, Pablo L., 4097 3054, 3055, 3057, 3058, 3084, 3086, 3087, 3088, Martinez Arango, Felipe, 4629 3164

Martinez Cardés, José, 2131 Medina Ascencio, Luis, 1016

Martinez Delgado, Luis, 3698, 5180, 5181 Meeting of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign

Martinez Duran, Carlos, 965 Affairs of American States. Sth, Santiago de Chile, Martinez Estrada, Ezequiel, 6062 1959, 7012 Martinez Gomez, Luis, 316 Meeting of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Martinez Lamas, Julio, 6297, 6298 Affairs of American States. 6th, San José, Costa Martinez Landinez, Jorge, 5182 Rica, 1960, 7013 Martinez Lépez, Eduardo, 4398 Meeting of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Martinez Montero, Homero B., 6299 Affairs of American States. 7th, San José, Costa

Martinez Ortiz, Rafael, 4661 Rica, 1960, 7014

Martinez Rios, Jorge, 1450, 1451, 1461 Meeting of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Martinez Silva, Carlos, 5113,5183, 5184 Affairs of American States. 8th, Punta del Este,

Martinez y Tacoén, Juan J., 4607 Uruguay, 1962, 7015 Martins Junior, José, 3264 Affairs of American States. 9th, Washington, D.C., Martins, Francisco da Rocha, 3405 Meeting of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign

Martins Teixeira Carvalho, Joaquim. See Carvalho, 1964, 7016

Joaquim Martins Teixeira Meggers, Betty J., 1144, 1241, 1253, 1254, 1270

Martius, Karl F. P. von, 3862 Meinvielle, Julio, 6113 Martner, Daniel, 5763 Meireles, Mario M., 832 Martz, John D., 4421, 5229 Mejia, Gustavo Adolfo, 3969 Marure, Alejandro, 3553, 3554, 4470, 4531 Mejia Deras, Ismail, 4521

Mascarenhas de Moraes, Joao B. See Moraes, Joao B. Mejia Ricart, Gustavo A., 939

Mascarenhas de Melby, John, 6648 Masias, Felipe, 5438 Meléndez, Concha, 667 Mason, John A., 1530 Meléndez, José T., 4264

Masse, Etienne M., 4604 Meléndez Chaverri, Carlos, 3596, 4399 Massey, William C., 1187 Melian Lafinur, Luis, 6393, 6426 Masterman, George F., 6184 Mellafe, Rolando, 2258, 3081 Masur, Gerhard, 3650 Mello, Américo Braziliense de Almeida e, 6591 Mata Gavidia, José, 675, 2571 Mello, Custédio J. de, 6708 Mateos, Francisco, 3181 Mello, Francisco I. Marcondes Homem de, barao

Mateos, Juan A., 4182 Homem de Mello, 429

Mores Higuera, Salvador, 1364 Mello, Jeronymo de Avellar Figueira de, 3841 Morpews: Thomas G., 473s ads 654 Mello, José A. Gonsalves de, 3344, 3374

Mathieson, William L., 4053, 4845, 6541 Mello, José Leite de Vasconcellos Pereira de, 1654

Mathison, Gilbert F., 3857 Mello, Olbiano de, 6737

Mathon, Etienne, 4774 Mello Azevedo e Brito, Paulo José de. See Brito, Matienzo, José N., 5852 Paulo J. Mello Azevedo e Matienzo, Juan de, 1592 Mello e Souza, Antonio Candido. See Souza, Anténio

Matos, Antonio, 70 _ Candido Mello e

Matos, Odilon Nogueira de, 6555 Mello Franco, Virgilio A. de. See Franco, Virgilio A. Matthews, Herbert L., 4676 de Mello

Mattos. Luiz Alves de, 3321 Melo, Carlos, R., 5978, 6030

audslay, Alfred P., 1188, 1189 ar

Mowe Irineo Evangelista de Souza, 6513, 6514 Melon y Ruiz de Gordejuela, Armando, 2006, 2007

Maudslay, Anne C., 1189 Mendes, Raimundo Teixeira, 6709 . —

Maurel, Blanche, 2776, 4001 , 4026, 4027 Mendes de Almeida, Candido. See Almeida, Candido

Mauro, Frédéric, 1612, 3278 Mendes de

Maurtua, Victor M., 6820 Mendes dos Remédios, Joaquim, 1758

Mawe, John, 3858 Méndez, Joaquin, Jr., 4587

May, Ernest R., 6928 Méndez, Manuel I., 3943 May, Louis-Philippe, 2788 Mendia, José M., 5979 May, Stacy, 407 Mendiburu, Manuel de, 404, 2955, 5375

ayer, Jorge M., 5952 . a

Mayer de Zulén, Dora, 5490 Mendieta, Geronimo de, 1410 Mayer-Serra, Otto, 623, 4150 Mendizabal, Miguel O. de, 2409, 4098 Mayes, Guillermo, 3595 Mendonga, Marcos Carneiro de, 3246, 3406, 3892

684 INDEX Mendonga de : N ional. Instituto d

Mendonca de Azevedo, José. See Azevedo, José eecciee te rete nace nal. Consejo

Mendoza, Argentine Republic. Cabildo, 3120 nvestizaciones versie’ iol 9 EMO Mendoza, Cristobal L., 3448 Mexico (Ecclesiastical province). Council, 1555, 2433

Mendoza, José L., 708 Mexico (Viceroyalty), 2342, 2343 Mendoza, Juan Manuel, 4523 Meyer, Karl E., 4682

Mendoza, Vicente T., 4151, 4152 Meyer, Michael C.. 4358. 6888 Mendoza L., Gunnar, 364, 2994, 3005 Meynet Gonzalez, Alfredo, 5719 Mendoza Lopez, Margarita, 252 Meza Villalobos, Néstor, 1498, 3070, 3204 Menendez, Carlos R., 2307, 4099 Michel, Antoine, 4028, 4775, 4804 Menéndez Pidal, Ramon, 1635, 1809 Michel Ange, Fr., 1795 Menéndez y Pelayo, Marcelino, 648 Michelena, Tomas, 4990

Menezes, Djacir, 833 Michels, Dr., 5689 Menezes Brum, J. Z. de. See Brum, J. Z. de Menezes Michigan. University. William L. Clements Library, Meénier, M.-A., 2734, 3981 365 Menton, Seymour, 4479 Miers. John. 3636 Menucci, Sud, 6542 Mijares, Augusto, 5026 Menzel, Dorothy, 1255 Miles. Sue W.. 1429 Ne ee uel. 5536 Milla y Vidaurre, José, 2517, 2576 Mercado Moreira, Miguel, Millares Carlo, Agustin, 257, 258, 366, 367, 1853, Merchensky, Marcos, 6031 1073. 499]

Merino, Luis, 2873 Miller, John, 3743 Merivale, Herman, 4826 Miller. Paul G.. 1080

Merk, enMillington, Milliet, Sergio, 6528 Merrill,Frederick, Gordon C., Herbert, 6903 Merriman, Roger B., 1636 Millis, Walter, 6904

Mesa, José de, 782, 3044, 5582 Millon. René F.. 1190 Mesa Nicholls, Alejandro, 5214 Mills D. O. 4904

Mesquita, Juliode,6710 a Millspaugh, Arthur C., 4786 Mesquita de Figueiredo, Antonio. See Figueiredo, Milner. Thomas H.. 4045

Anténio Mesquita de Mi St art L 7 5]

Mestre Ghigliazza, Manuel, 405, 1017 Miner, Dwight ©. 4563

Metcalf, George, 2814 Minguijén Adrian, Salvador, 1665 Metford, J.C. J., 72 Ministerio de Ganaderia y Agricultura. Comisién

Methol Ferré, Alberto, 6002 Honoraria del Plan de Desarrollo Agropecuario Métraux, Alfred, 4802, 4803 y Centro Latinoamericano de Economia Humana,

Mexico. Archivo General de ila Nacion, 2299, 3532 6300

Mexico. Biblioteca Nacional, México, 253 Minor, Van L., 4522

Mexico. Comisién de Estudios Militares. Biblioteca Mintz, Sidney W., 235, 4738, 4805, 4806, 4900

del Ejército, 254 Miquel y Verges, José M., 3486, 3535, 3579

Mexico. Congreso Constituyente, /856-1857, 4165 Miranda, Francisco de, 3450 Mexico. Congreso Constituyente, 19/6—1917, 4277 Miranda, Jose, 1021, 1331, 2103, 2300, 2374, 2375,

Mexico. Delegacion ala Conferencia Interamericana 7 , -

de Consolidacion de la Paz, B.A., 1936, 7083 Miro, Jose M. Uulian Martel], 5987

Mexico. Di ‘on de Archivo Militar. 255 Miro Quesada, Luis, 5469

exico. Direccion de Archivo Militar, . Mir6é Quesada Laos, Carlos, 5361, 5404, 5491, 5517

Mexico. Direcci6n General de Estadistica, 476 Mir6 Quesada Sosa, Aurelio, 2090, 5362 Mexico. Direcci6n General de Geografia y Mision “Economia y Humanismo,” 5114

Meteorologia, 256 . Mitchell, Mairin, 2008

4166 Mitjans, Aurelio, 4649

Mexico. Instituto Nacional de Antropologiae Historia, Mitchell, Sir Harold, 4827 Mexico. Laws, statutes, etc., 3533, 4105, 4167,4168 Mitre, Bartolome, 3651, 3811, 5896, 5897, 5898, 6857

Mexico. Presidente, 4106 Miyares Gonzalez, Fernando, 2704

Mexico. Secretaria de Educacién Publica, 4153 Moacyt A anpos, pe gro. See Campos, Pedro Moacyr Mexico. Secretaria de Hacienda y Crédito Publico. Molina ‘Antonio de, 2537

Archivo, 3534 a, Molina, Cristobal de, 1546, 1547

Mexico. Secretaria de la Economia Nacional, 2373 Molina, Felipe A., 5269

Mexico. Secretaria de Obras Publicas, 4107 Molina, Ratil A., 3113

Mexico. Secretaria de Relaciones Exteriores, 3410, Molina Argiiello, Carlos, 2557, 2558

3449, 4117, 4211, 4278 Molina Enriquez, Andrés, 4089

Mexico. Universidad Nacional, 4183 Molina Solis, Juan Francisco, 2301, 2325

Mexico (City). Cabildo, 2341 Molinari, Diego L., 1879, 1938, 3156, 3205

INDEX 685 Molins, W[enceslao] Jaime, 6161 Moreyra y Paz-Soldan, Manuel, 2176, 2177, 2984

Moll, Roberto, 1115 Morfi, Juan Agustin, 2495 Mollien, Gaspard Théodore, 3699 Morgan, D. J., 4864

Mols, Roger, 1655 Morison, Samuel Eliot, 19] 5, 19] 6, l 940, 194] Monbeig, Pierre, 6529 Morissey, Richard J., 2496 Moncayo, Pedro, 5309 Morley, Sylvanus G., 1191, 1192, 1430 Monegal, José, 6427 Morner, Magnus, 73, 598, 1508, 3182 Monge Alfaro, Carlos, 902, 3072 Morris, James O., 5781

Monroy Huitrén, Guadalupe, 4072, 4076 Morse, Richard M., 834, 3392

Monsalve, José D., 3720 Morton, F. Rand, 4344

Monsalve M., Manuel, 5091 Moses, Bernard, 660, 2057, 3683 Montague, Ludwell L., 983 Mosk, Sanford A., 4330 Montalvan, José H., 4536, 4537 Mosquera, Manuel J., 5163 Montané M., Julio C., 1499 Mosquera, Tomas C. de, 5146, 5185 Montaner y Bello, Ricardo, 3505, 6806 Mostajo, Francisco, 5470

Monte y Tejada, Antonio del, 940 Motolinia, Toribio, 1411 Monteforte Toledo, Mario, 4480 Motta, Fidelis, padre, 3312 Monteiro, J. da Costa Régo, 3391 Motten, Clement G., 2376 Monteiro, Tobias do Rego, 3831, 6592 Moxo, Salvador de, 1666

Monteiro de Barros Lins, Ivan. See Lins, lvan Mon- Mujica, Héctor, 4992

teiro de Barros Mujica Gallo, Miguel, 1256

Monteiro Velho Arruda, Manuel. See Arruda, Manuel Munilla, Octavio Gil, 3429

Monteiro Velho Munizaga Aguirre, Carlos, 5782

Montemayor, Mariano, 6140 Munoz, Juan B., 2705 Montenegro, Carlos, 5583 Munoz Camargo, Diego, 1399, 2302 Montero Barrantes, Francisco, 903 Munoz Hermosilla, José M., 5794

Montero Bustamante, Raul, 6270, 6394 Munoz Pérez, José, 2104, 2178

Montero Moreno, René, 5680 Munoz Vernaza, Alberto, 6807 Montesinos, Fernando, 1548 Munro, Dana G., 4377, 6929

Montevideo. Instituto Histdrico y Geografico del Uru- Munro, Luis, 4072

guay, 1096 Murcia, Luis M., 6792

Montevideo. Museo Hist6rico Nacional, 3790, 6328 Murdock, George P., 1844

Montézon, Fortuné de, 2839 Murga Sanz, Vicente, 2720 Montoro, Rafael, 920, 3944 Muriel, Domingo, 3172 _ Montoya, Alfredo J., 764 Muriel de la Torre, Josefina, 2411, 2434

Montoya y Montoya, Rafael, 5230 Murillo Miro, Juan, 5310

Montifar, Manuel, 3555 Muro Arias, Luis F., 3418

Montitfar y Rivera Maestre, Lorenzo, 4376, 4407 Muro Orejon, Antonio, 2105

Moog, Clodomiro Vianna, 3293 Murphy, Robert C., 2028 Moore, John P., 2995, 2996 Murra, John V., 1295, 1475, 1573

Mora, José Maria Luis, 3548 Murray, J. H., 6311 Moraes, Evaristo de, 6593 Murray, Paul V., 1022

Moraes, Joao B. Mascarenhas de, 6637 Murua, Martin de, 1549 Moraes, Rubens Borba de, 163, 164 Musso Ambrosi, Luis A., 284

Moral, Paul, 4807, 4808 Mutis, José C., 2880

Morales-Carrion, Arturo, 2719 Muzzio, Julio A., 406

Morales de los Rios, Adolfo. See Rios, Adolfo

Morales de los Nabuco, Carolina, 6515

Morales Padrén, Francisco, 1939, 2175, 2249, 2727, | Nabuco, Joaquim, 6543, 6594

2728, 2729, 2924, 3977 Nacional Financiera, S.A., 477

Morales Rodriguez, Sergio, 2410 Nadal Oller, Jorge, 1712 Morales y Morales, Vidal, 4630 Naft, Stephen, 6955 Morato, Octavio, 6301 Nahum, Benjamin, 6289 Morazé, Charles, 6617 Naia, Alexandre Gaspar da, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1942,

More, Sally F., 1577 1943 Moreau de Saint-Méry, Médéric L. E., 2677, 2740, Najera Farfan, Mario E., 4503 2763 Narancio, Edmundo M., 3165 Moreira, Julio E., 165 Naranjo, Francisco, 4077 Moreira de Azevedo, M. D. See Azeveda, M. D. Naranjo Villegas, Abel, 5115 Moreira de Nath, Dwarka, 4880 Morell de Santa Cruz, Pedro A., 2654 Navarrete, Martin Fernandez de, 1864 Moreno, Fulgencio R., 3812 Navarro, Emilio, 4993

Moreno, Laudelino, 4386, 6799 Navarro, Gustavo A. [Tristan Marof, pseud.], 5584 Moreno, Manuel, 3791 Navarro, José G., 3721 Moreno, Mariano, 3191 Navarro, Nicolas E., 1116

Moreno Fraginals, Manuel, 2631 Navarro, Pedro J., 5249

Moreton, J. B., 2807 Navarro Garcia, Luis, 336, 2132, 2497

686 INDEX Odicini Lezama, Antonio, 6302

Navarro y Noriega, Fernando, 3536 Odria, Manuel A., 5518 Navarro y Rodrigo, Carlos, 3580 Odriozola, Manuel de, 1066, 5350

Nearing, Scott, 6930 O’Gaban y Guerra, Juan B., 4639

Nectorio Maria, H., 2889 O’Gorman, Edmundo, 1892, 1894, 1895

Needler, Martin C., 548 Ogrizek, Dori, 459 Nelson, Jean Thomas, 616 Ojer, Pablo, 2893 Nelson, Lowry, 4688 Oko, Captain Adolph S., 2030 Nemours, Alfred, 3988 Olaneta, José A. de, 4608

Neruda, Pablo, 5800 Olavarria y Ferrari, Enrique de, 1023, 2444 Nesmith, Robert I., 2377 Oldendorp, Christian G. A., 2829 Netherlands West Indies. Constitution, 4940 O’Leary, Daniel F., 3629 Netscher, Pieter M., 730 O’Leary, Juan E., 6203, 6212

Nettels, Curtis, 261 1 O’Leary, Simon B., 3625 Nettleford, Rex, 4906 O’Leary, Timothy J., 1476

Neumann, William L., 3506 Olguin, Dardo, 6075

Neves [da Fontoura], Joao, 6711 Olivan, Alejandro, 3932 New Granada (Viceroyalty). Audiencia, 2899 Olivares Molina, Luis, 3085 New York. Public Library, 110 Oliveira, Armando de Salles, 6626 New York. Public Library. Reference Dept., 75 Oliveira, José Manoel Cardoso de, 168 Newberry Library. Chicago, 167 Oliveira, Miguel de, 1784

Newberry Library. Chicago.. Edward E. Ayer Collec- Oliveira Franca, Eduardo d’, 1667

tion, 74 Oliveira Lima, Manoel de. See Lima, Manoel de

Newton, Arthur P., 2612, 2797 Oliveira

Nicaragua. Constitution, 4527 Oliveira Marques, Antonio H. R. de. See Marques, Nicaragua. Laws, statutes, etc., 4528 Antonio H. R. de Oliveira Nichols, Madaline W., 666 Oliveira Torres, Jodo C. de. See Torres, Joao C. de Nichols, Roy F., 2153, 6905 Oliveira Nicholson, Harold, 4359 Oliveira Vianna, Francisco José de. See Vianna, FranNicholson, Henry B., 1296, 1338, 1365 cisco José de Oliveira Nicolas, Hogar, 4787 Oliver, Vere L., 710, 2824 Nicolau d’Olwer, Luis, 1412, 2303 Olivier, Sydney H., baron, 4901

Nieto Arteta, Luis E., 5186 Olivieri, Anibal O., 6115

Nieto Caballero, Luis E., 5250 Olmedo, José J. de, 5323 Nieto Vélez, Armando, 3754 Olmos, Ramon R., 765

do Nina O Mundo do Livro, 166

Nina Rodrigues, Raymundo. See Rodrigues, Raymun- Omegna, Nelson, 3294

Noboa, Alejandro, 532? Onat, Roberto, 3071 Nogueira, Paulo, 6712, 6738 Onis, José de, 6906

Nogueira de Matos, Odilon. See Matos, Odilon No- — Op-Hey, Henri. See Verschuren, Joseph (pseud.)

gueira de Orbigny, Alcide Dessalines d’, 5576, 5599

Noguera, Eduardo, 1193 Ordaz, Luis, 5820

Normano, Joao F., 835, 6883, 6962 Ordonana, Domingo, 6303

Norton, Luiz, 3363, 3925 Ord6éifiez, Francisco, 5128 Nouel, Carlos, 941 Orellana, J. Gonzalo, 5284 Novo, Salvador, 4331 Organization of American States, 6968, 6979 Nowell, Charles E., 1637, 1944, 1990, 2009, 2029 Organization of American States. Advisory CommitNowotny, Karl A., 1366 tee on Economic and Social Affairs, 7017

Nudelman, Santiago 1., 6114 Organization of American States. Charter, 6994

Nuermberger, Gustave A., 6793 Organization of American States. Council, 7018, 7019,

Nugent, Maria (Skinner), 4064 7020, 7051, 7052, 7053

Nunes Leal, Victor, 6618 Organization of American States. Secretary General, Nunez, Enrique B., 5027, 5028 6986

Nunez, Estuardo, 5405 Organization of American States. Special Committee

Nunez, Francisco M., 4432, 4442 to Study the Formulation of New Measures for EcoNunez, Rafael, 5164 nomic Cooperation, 7060, 7061 Nunn, George E., 1880, 1881 Organization of American States. Special Committee

Nuyten, F.C. J., 4939 to Study the Formulation of New Measures for Eco-

Obando, José M., 5147 1958, 7062 .

nomic Cooperation. Ist meeting, Washington, D.C.,

Obregon Loria, Rafael, 4430, 4443, 4444, 4445, 4456, Organization of American States. Special Committee

A457 to Study the Formulation of New Measures for Eco-

O’Connor, Francisco B., 3628, 5598 nomic Cooperation (CECE). 2nd meeting, 7063

Oddone, Jacinto, 6032 Organization of American States. Special Committee

Oddone, Juan A., 6265, 6271, 6279, 6312, 6329, 6406, to Study the Formulation of New Measures for Eco-

6413 nomic Cooperation (CECE). Oddone, Rafael, 6173 1960, 7064 3d meeting, Bogatd,

INDEX 687 Organization of American States. Special Consultative Palcos, Alberto, 3813

Committee on Security, 7046 Palleja, Leén de, 6395

Oribe, Aquiles B., 6351 Palliére, Jean L., 5917 Oro, Domingo de, 5899 Palm, Erwin W., 1694, 2693

Orozco y Berra, Manuel, 2304, 2326 Palma, Angélica, 5406 Orozco y Jiménez, Francisco, 2524 Palma, Ricardo, 5441 Orrego, Antenor, 5492 Palma Martinez, Ildefonso, 4408 Orrego Vicunia, Eugenio, 5710 Palmer, Thomas W., 6598, 6917 Orsolini, Mario H., 6141 Palomeque, Alberto, 3499, 6396 Ortega, Exequiel C., 3206, 5840 Palomeque Torres, Antonio, 1668

Ortega C., Joaquin A., 4557 Palop Martinez, Josefina, 2035, 2036 Ortega Torres, José J., 5076 Pan American Health Organization, 7054

Orteja Morej6n, Diego de, 1538 Pan American Health Organization. Directing Coun-

Ortiz, Juan F., 5148 cil. First Meeting, Buenos Aires, 1947, 7055

Ortiz, Ricardo M., 5821, 5822 Pan American Institute of Geography and History. Ortiz, Sergio Elias, 3698, 3722, 5077 Asamblea preliminar, México, 1929, 7056 .

Ortiz, Venancio, 5187 Pan American Institute of Geography and History.

Ortiz de Zuniga, Inigo, 1567 8th General Assembly, Guatemala, 1965, 5057 Ortiz Fernandez, Fernando, 921,922, 2655 Pan American Sanitary Bureau, 7058 Osborne, Harold, 5537 Pan American Union, 79, 649, 6969, 6970, 6980, 6987, Osborne, Lilly de Jongh, 964, 4569 6988, 6995 Osgood, Cornelius, 1257 Pan American Union. Codification Division, 697 |

O’Shaughnessy, Edith L., 4360 Pan American Union. Columbus Memorial Library, Ospina, Eduardo, 5129 77, 78, 6972, 6973 Ospina, Joaquin, 207, 407 Pan American Union. Department of Cultural Affairs,

Ospina Vasquez, Luis, 5116 7027 Osuna, Mariano Téllez Girén y Beaufort, 12 duque de, fairs, 478 1400 Pan American Union. Department of International Otero, Gustavo A., 3038 Law, 6974

Ostria Gutiérrez, Alberto, 5631, 5632, 5633 Pan American Union. Department of Economic Af-

Otero, José P., 3652 Pan American Union. Department of Legal Affairs,

Otero, Mariano, 4225 7065 Otero Munoz, Gustavo, 5215, 5216 Pan American Union. Department of Scientific AfOts Capdequi, José M., 2106, 2107, 2108, 2109, 2179, fairs, 317

2250, 2905, 3723, 3724 Pan American Union. Division of Conferences and

Ott, Carlos, 3295 Organizations, 6975, 6976 Otte, Enrique, 2678, 2886 Pan American Union. Division of Conferences Ser-

Ottley, Carlton R., 71) vices, 6977 Ottoni, Carlos H. B., 6596 Pan American Union. Division of Economic Research, Ottoni, Christiano B., 6516 566 Ottoni, Theofilo B., 6597 Pan American Union. Division of Philosophy, Letters, Ouro Preto, Affonso Celso de Assis Figueiredo, vis- and Sciences, 3451

conde de, 6847 Pan American Union. General Legal Division, 6996

Oviedo y Valdés, Gonzalo Fernandez de, 2088, 2625 Pan American Union. Governing Board, 6989, 6990

Ozanam, Didier, 368 Pan American Union. Letters Section, 779, 5585

Ozinga, Murk D., 2833 Pan American Union. Section of Labor, Migration and Social Security, 4446 Pachano, Jacinto R., 5029 Pan American Union. Social Science Section, 599 Pacheco, Juan M., 2937 Panama. Constitution, 4558 Pacheco Vélez, César, 5370 Panama. Instituto Nacional, 4566 Padden, R. C., 1446 Panama (City). Biblioteca Nacional, 263 Paddock, John, 1462 Pandia Caldgeras, Joao. See Caldégeras, Joao Pandia Padua, Ciro T. de, 836, 3915 Panettieri, José A., 5939, 5988

Paez, José A., 3700, 4994 Pani, Alberto J., 4362 Paez, Julian M., 5188 Pantaleao, Olga, 2154, 3916

Paez Brotchie, Luis, 1024 Paraguay. Archivo Nacional, 369

Pagan, Bolivar, 4739, 4740 Paraguay. Asesoria Técnica Aduanera, 6225 Pagano, José Leon, 766 Paraguay. Comision Nacional del Primer Censo Indus-

Pagano, Sebastiao, 3893 trial del Paraguay, /955, 6226

Page, Thomas J., 6162 Paraguay. Congresso, 1906-1907, 6227 Paita, Jorge A., 6006 Paraguay. Departamento de Tierras y Colonias, 6228 Palacio, Ernesto, 6089 Paraguay. Laws, statutes, etc., 6229

Palacio Atard, Vicente, 2997 Paraguay. Ministerio de Economia, 479

Palacio Fajardo, Manuel, 3458 Paraguay. Presidente, 1844-1862 (Carlos A. Lépez),

Palacios, Alfredo L., 6033, 6076 6180

Palau y Dulcet, Antonio, 76 Pardo, J. Joaquin, 370, 2525, 2526

Palavicini, Félix F., 1025, 4309, 4361 Paredes, Antonio, 5030

688 INDEX Paredes, Manuel R., 5577 Peralta, Hernan G., 4423, 4453, 4454

Pareja Paz Soldan, José, 5363, 5364, 5383, 6753 Peralta, Manuel M. de, 2527, 2528

Pareja y Diez Canseco, Alfredo, 952, 5340 Peraza Sarausa, Fermin, 80, 81, 208, 216, 217, 409,

Pares, Richard, 2613, 2614, 2615 4592, 4593

Paris de Oddone, M. Blanca, 6271, 6329, 6330 Perdigao Malheiros, Agostinho M. See Malheiros,

Parish, Woodbine, 5918 Agostinho M. Perdigao Parker, Franklin D., 676, 3597 Perdoma Escobar, José I., 896 Parkes, Henry B., 1026 | Perea, Juan A., 2721,2722 Parks, E. Taylor, 5101 Perea, Salvador, 2721, 2722 Parr, Charles McKew, 2010 Pereda, Setembrino E., 3814, 6377 Parra, Aquileo, 5149 Pereda Valdés, Ildefonso, 6313 Parra, Francisco J., 4960 Pereira, Angelo, 3894, 3895 Parra, Manuel G., 4332 Pereira, Astrojildo, 6713 Parra Aranguren, Fernando I|., 4967 Pereira, Nuno Marques, 3296

Parra-Pérez, Caracciolo, 3452, 3725, 3726, 3727, Pereira da Silva, Gastao. See Silva, Gastao Pereira da

4995 Pereira da Silva, Joao Manuel. See Silva, Joao Manuel

Parry, John H., 687, 1882, 2058, 2133, 2344 Pereira da

Parsons, James J., 5117 Pereira de Berredo, Bernardo. See Berredo, Bernardo Parsons, Mary D., 4078 Pereira de Parsons, Robert P., 984 Pereira de Queiroz, Maria Isaura. See Queiroz, Maria Partido Comunista de Colombia, 5251 Isaura Pereira de

Partido Comunista de la Argentina, 6034 Pereira de Souza, Washington Luiz. See Souza, WashPartido Comunista de Venezuela. Comisién Agraria ington Luiz Pereira de

Nacional, 5061 Pereira Salas, Eugenio, 3075, 3082, 3507, 3508, 5801

Partido Conservador (Colombia), 5092 Perelman, Angel, 6117

Partido Liberal (Colombia). National Liberal Direc- Peres, Damiao, 1639, 1810, 1884, 1997, 1998

torate, 5252 Pereyra, Carlos, 516, 5933

Paso y Troncoso, Francisco del, 1413, 2305, 2378 Pereyra, Horacio J., 5980 Passos Guimaraes, Alberto. See Guimaraes, Alberto Perez, Felipe, 5189

Passos Pérez, Jeronimo, 4524

Pastells, Pablo, 2031, 3173 Pérez, Joaquin, 3653 Pastor, Ludwig von Camperfelden, freiherr, 1785 Pérez, José A., 6258

Pastor, Reynaldo A. 6116 Pérez, Rafael, 4390 Patch, Richard W., 5634 Pérez Acosta, Juan F., 6204

Pastore, Carlos, 1056 Pérez, Santiago, 5165

Patifio Raez, Sara, 5439 Pérez Aguirre, Antonio, 5190, 5191

Pattee, Richard, 942, 985, 1638, 5311 Pérez Amuchastegui, Antonio Jorge, 3654

Patterson, Jerry E., 371 Pérez Ayala, José M., 2906 Pauléus Sannon, Horace, 4016, 4776 Pérez Bustamante, Ciriaco, 1669, 2155 Paz, José M., 3630, 5900 Pérez Cabrera, José M. 923 Paz, Julian, 372, 2046 Pérez Concha, Jorge, 5295, 5341, 6777 Paz, Luis, 780, 5543 Pérez de Barradas, José, 1258 Paz, Octavio, 4154 Pérez de la Riva y Pons, Francisco, 2656

Paz Estenssoro, Victor, 5554 Pérez Embid, Florentino, 1670, 1828, 1885, 1958, Paz Soldan, Carlos E., 5407 2498 Paz Soldan, Juan P., 5351 Pérez Landa, Rufino, 4631

Paz Soldan, Mariano F., 3755, 5352, 6821 Pérez Ortiz, Rubén, 5078

Paz y Guini, Melchor de, 1600 Pérez Ramirez, César, 2914

Pedemonte, Juan C., 6407 Pérez Ramirez, Gustavo, 5118 Pedreira, Antonio S., 280 Pérez Rosales, Vicente, 5686 Pedreira, Fernando, 6739 Pérez Serrano, Jorge, 6808

Pedro I, emperor of Brazil, 3842 Pérez Tamayo, Aquiles R., 3019 Pedro II, emperor of Brazil, 6497 Pérez Vidal, José, 2194

Peers, E. Allison, 1804 Pérez Vila, Manuel, 3609 Pego, Andrés, 2648 Pérez Voituriez, Antonio, 1854 Peixoto, Alzira Vargas do Amaral, 6740 Pérez y Soto, Juan B., 5333 Pellegrini, Carlos, 5963 Pericott Garcia, Luis, 1314

Pena, José B., 5846 Perina, Emilio, 6142 Pena Batlle, Manuel A., 2694, 2695, 4709, 6800 Perkins, Dexter, 3469, 6939, 6940, 6941

Pena y Camara, José M. de la, 2047 Peron, Eva, 6118 Pena y Reyes, Antonio de la, 6786 Peron, Juan D., 6119, 6120, 6143 Penaherrera de Costales, Piedad, 1574 Perreira, Henrique Gomes de Amorim, 1719 Penaloza C., Luis, 781, 5635 Perret, Gilberto Eduardo. See Damasceno, brother

Pendle, George, 1057, 1097 Peru, 2866, 681 1 Penrose, Boies, 1883 Peru. Congress, 5442 Penson, Lillian M., 2798 Peru. Constitution, 5426

Peral, Miguel Angel, 408 Peru. Convencion Nacional, 1885-1857, 5431

INDEX 689 Peru. Direccién General de Estadistica y Censos,480 Pohl, Johann B. E.., 3859

Peru. Laws, statutes, etc., 5396 Poinsett, Joel R., 3562

Peru. Legacion. Bolivia, 6801, 6802 Poirier, Eduardo, 5687

Peru. Ministerio de Haciendo. Archivo Hist6rico, Polanco Martinez, Tomas, 1118

2853, 2854, 2855 Polleri Carrio, Félix, 6754

Peru. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, 3453, Pollet, Georges, 2777

6787, 6803 Pollock, Harry E. D., 1195, 1196

Peru. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. Departa- | Polo de Ondegardo, Juan, 1550, 1551, 1552, 1553,

mento de Archivo y Biblioteca, 272 1554, 2964

Peru. Treaties, etc., 6759 Polt, John H., 6063

Peru (Viceroyalty), 2985, 2986, 3006 Poma de Ayala, Felipe H., 1555

Peru de Lacroix, Louis, 3631 Pombo, José Francisco da Rocha, 838

Pessoa, Epitacio, 6627 Pombo, Manuel A., 5094

Peterson, Frederick A., 1194 Ponce de Leon, Luis, 6428 Petit, Emilien, 2590, 2741 Pons, Francois R. J. de, 2881 Petit Muiioz, Eugenio, 3165 Pons, Lorenzo A., 6331 |

Peterson, Harold F., 5823, 6205 Ponce Ribadeneira, Alfredo, 3728 Petitjean-Roget, Jacques, 2789 Ponte Dominguez, Francisco J., 4609, 4640

Peytraud, Lucien P., 2752 Pontes, Carlos, 6518 Pezuela, Jacobo de la, 924 popol Van tor” 4829

aoove y Sanchez Munoz de Velasco, Joaquin de la, Poppino, Rollie E.. 551, 6741

Pflaum, Irving P., 4677 Pe arenes Raul, 273, 1067, 1068, 2965,

Pee oT esd Porras Troconis, Gabriel, 2943, 3945

Phill ‘0 James M 4902 Port-au-Prince, Haiti. Institution Saint-Louis de Phillipe Philip L , 90 Gonzague. Bibliothéque Haitienne des Fréres, 236

ay ” Portas, Bernardo, 1044

pecinl, Ricardo: eee Yoon 3815Porter, Portell Vilé, Herminio, 4610, 4617 Icnardo MOya, PEelpe, Muriel N., 1197

Picon Rivas, Ulises, 4961 ’ , prone Charles. rae pO : Pérto,Cortes, José da Costa, 3345, 6682 ,Pro ae? , Portugal. 3843 William W ‘ae 2134, 2658, 2907 Portugal. Laws, statutes, etc., 1671, 1672 Picon-Febres, Gonzalo, 4972 Portes Gil. Emilio. 4363

Picon-Salas, Mariano, 1117, 2232, 4973, 503 | Port Meh ae °

oe , §217

Pikase O tS 08” Portuondo del Prado, Fernando, 925 Pike. Fr drick B., 550, 610, 2135, 2136, 5745, 5783 Posada, Adolfo, 6163

Pin, Emile, 61 1 2 P aa ’ Posada Gutiérrez, Joaquin, 5150 Pincus, Joseph, 4422 Potash, Robert A., 4079, Pineda, Federico, 6035 ee 4227

Pike. Ruth 1695. i 5369 , ’ ’ ’ Posada, Eduardo, 209, 897, 2900, 3701, 3702,

Pineda Castillo, Roberto, 5093 Poucel, Benjamin, 6174

Pineda Giraldo, Roberto, 5278 poe , pe oO, ye 3 3

Pinheiro, J. C. Fernandes, 3326, 3407 Powell, Philip Wayne, 2499 Pimhetro Ferreira, Silvestre. See Ferreira, Silvestre Poyen Bellisle, de, 3989 radeau, erto Henry Francisco, Pinho, José Wanderley [de Araiyo], 3917, 6517 Praderio, Antonio, 6266

Pinilla, Norberto, 5 802 Prado, Caio, 839, 840, 3279, 6482, 6567 per vate i ma la, 1786 Prado, Jodo F. de Almeida, 3364, 3365, 3366, 3375,

into, Manuel M., 3376, 3926

Pinto de Aguiar, Manoel. See Aguiar, Manoel Pintode prado y Ugarteche, Javier, 5471

Pinto Santa Cruz, Anibal, 5764 Prat, André, 3313 Pitman, Frank W., 2799, 2800 Prator, Clifford H., 3997 Pitta, Sebastiao da Rocha, 3229 Pratt, Julius W., 6931 Pintos, Francisco R., 1098, 6272, 6314 Prat, Puig, F., 2659

Pivel Devoto, Juan E., 3207, 3816, 6273, 6274, 6275, Presas, José de, 3881

6345, 6346, 6352, 6353, 6397 Prescott, William H., 2327, 2975

pzarr. Pedro, 2963 Pressoir, Catts, 237 att, Raye, Prest, Alan R., 4865

Plaza, Galo, 4417 Previtali, Giovanni, 6064 _ Plaza, Salvador de la, 5062 Priestley, Herbert I., 1027, 2345, 2500, 2501

Plaza A., Eduardo, 5063 Prieto, Guillermo, 4243 Pletcher, David M., 4226 Prieto, Ramon, 6144 Poblete Troncoso, Moisés, 584, 585 Prieto Figueroa, Luis B., 5064 Podesta, José P., 5824 Primelles, Leé6n, 4662

Pohl, Frederick J., 1970 Probst, Juan, 3186

690 INDEX

Proctor, Robert, 3637 oink

1205 Rauch, Basil, 4618

Proskouriakoff, Tatiana A., 1198, 1199, 1200,1201, S4gsg igure (O72? 17200 T721, 1740. 1741, 1799.

Proudfoot, Mary, 4830 | Raveneau de Lussan, 2538

Prudencio Bustillo, Ignacio, 5609 , Ravignani, Emilio, 3792, 3821, 5847

Puente Candamo, José A. de la, 3208, 3756 Ravines, Eudocio, 5494

' ead, John L., 4155

Puentes, Milton, 5095 Ravmond. Irvine W.. 1738 Puerto Rico. Laws, statutes, etc., 4723 R y , ng

Washington, D.C., ,¥ Pueyrredon, Carlos A., 3817 Real,4724 Juan J., 6007

Puerto Rico. Office of Puerto Rico, Read. Thomas T.. 555

Puga, Vasco de, 2346 Real de Aztia, Carlos, 6267, 6332, 6355, 6459

Puigerés, Rodolfo, 3818, 6036 Rea Sociedad Economica o Patridtica de la Habana,

See oe 180 Rebélo, Edgardo de Castro, 6519 Putnam Samuel 84] Recinos, Adrian, F., 966,6942 2328 , , Reddaway, William Reeves, Jesse S., 6907

Queiroz, Maria Isaura Pereira de, 6556, 6660 Regla, Juan, 1642

Querejazu Calvo, Roberto, 5636 Rego, Antonio da Silva, 1845 Quesada, Ernesto, 5880, 6858 Rego Monteiro, Tobias do. See Monteiro, Tobias do

Quesada, Vicente G., 2233, 6766, 6835 Rego Quesada Zapiola, Carlos A., 3411 Rego Rangel, Alberto do. See Rangel, Alberto do Quevedo y Zubieta, Salvador, 4244, 4310 Rego Quyano, Carlos, 6304 Reichel-Dolmatoff, Gerardo, 1259, 1493 Quiyano Wallis, José M., 5151 Reid, Charles F., 123

Quintana, Miguel, 4228 Reid, Victor S., 4903

Quintas, Amaro, 6599, 6600 Reina, Ruben E., 6050

Quirk, Robert E., 4311, 4328 Reina Valenzuela, José, 990

Quito. Cabildo, 2987 Reis, Antonio Simoes dos, 171

Reis, Arthur Cézar Ferreira, 843, 3268, 3314

Rabasa, Emilio, 4184 Reiser, Pedro, 586 Rabinovitz, Bernardo, 6121 Reitzer, Ladislas F., 1742 Rache, Pedro, 6683 Rela, Walter, 6268 Radicati Primeglio, Carlos, 1578yRemesal, 2 997 Radin,dePaul, 1367 emos Rubio,Antonie Juan de, N.J., Radiquet, Maximilien R., 5417 Renaud, Raymond, 4810

Raeders, Georges, 170 René-Moreno, Gabriel, 140, 3007, 3758, 3759, 5527, Ragatz, Lowell J., 122, 712, 713, 2735 5600

Raine, Philip, 1058 Rengger, Johann R., 6175

Rainieri, Mario A., 6354 Renin Vieille, Oriol, 5795 Raiol, Domingos A., 3909 Rennard, Joseph, 736, 2736, 2784 Raleigh, Sir Walter, 2840 Rennie, Ysabel F., 5825 Ralph, Elizabeth K., 1207 Repetto, Nicolas, 6038 Rama, Carlos M., 6315, 6316 Resse, Alix, 4927 Ramicone, Luis, 6145 Restrepo, José M., 3729, 5152 Ramirez, Juan A., 6276 Restrepo, Juan de Dios, 5119 Ramirez, Santiago, 4124 Restrepo, Juan P., 5192 Ramirez Corria, Filberto, 1945 Restrepo, Vicente, 898

Ramirez Necochea, Hernan, 3671, 5720 Restrepo Canal, Carlos, 897, 3704 Ramirez Plancarte, Francisco, 4266, 4312 Restrepo Jaramillo, Gonzalo, 5253 Ramon Folch, José Armando de, 3065 Restrepo Posada, José, 899

Ramos, Alberto Guerreiro, 6742 Revenga, José R., 3705, 4996 Ramos, Artur, 600, 842, 6544 Revert, Eugéne, 4928, 4929 Ramos, Demetrio, 1886, 2015, 3684, 3757, 3819 Revoredo, Alejandro, 5454

Ramos, Jorge A., 6037, 6122 Rey, Agapito, 2485, 2486

Ramos, Antonio, 6836 Reybaud, Maxime .Kalael s: ce Nau, d’ (pseud.) Ramos,R.Roberto, 259, 4080 eyeros, A.,Gustave ;

Ramos, Samuel, 1028, 4137 Reyes, Alfonso, 2234, 6831 Ramos Arizpe, Miguel, 3537 Reyes, Cipriano, 6123

Ramos Pérez, Demetrio, 2059 Reyes, Oscar E., 953, 5285, 5334 Rampersad, Frank B., 4918 Reyes, Rafael, 6918 Ramusio, Giovanni Battista, 1865 Reyes Heroles, Jesus, 4138 Rangel, Alberto do Rego, 3844 Reyes Thevenet, Alberto, 6837 Rangel, Domingo, 5032, 5065, 5066 Reynolds, Clark Winton, 5761 Ranieri de Pivel Devoto, Alcira, 6275 Reynolds, Robert L., 1811

Ratcliff, Dillwyn Fritschel, Reo. Francisco Ratekin, Mervyn, 2696 4974 © ibeiro, Joaquim,cs gue 3882 Ratto, Héctor R., 2032, 3820 Ribeiro, Orlando, 1856

INDEX 691 Ribeiro, René, 3315 ; . ‘ Ricard, Robert, 1696, 1829, 2156, 2435, 2737, 2778, Rona eens: Francisco da. See Martins, Francisco

3316 . Rocha Netto, Bento Munhoz da, 6743

Ricardo, Cassiano, 3297, 6869 Rocha Pitta, Sebastiado da. See Pitta, Sebastiao da

Ricciardi, Adelino R., 6545 Rocha

Richardson, John H., 4872 Rocha Pombo, José Francisco da. See Pombo, José

Richardson, Ruth, 5877 Francisco da Rocha

Rico Gonzalez, Victor, 2329, 2436, 2445 Roche, Jean, 6476, 6557

Riera Hernandez, Mario, 4678 Rochefort, Charles César de, 2616

Riesco,Carroll German, Selden, Riley, L.,5735 1202Rodman, Rodo. José E.. 943, 63334817

Rio Cuarto, Argentine Republic. Cabildo, 3121 Rodrigues, Francisco, 1796 Rio_de Janeiro. Biblioteca Nacional, 173, 174, 175, Rodrigues, José Carlos, 844

176, 3248, 3249, 3250, 3251, 3845, 3846 Rodrigues, José Honério, 178, 373, 845, 846, 847,

Rio de Janeiro. Instituto Brasileiro de Bibliografia e 3220, 3221, 3222, 3377, 3378, 3393, 3394

Documentagao, 177 Rodrigues, José J., 1857

Rio de la Plata (Viceroyalty), 3122 Rodrigues, Maria T. Campos, 1697 Rio de la Plata (Viceroyalty). Consulado, 3144 Rodrigues, Raymundo Nina, 848

Rio de la Plata (Viceroyalty). Real Audiencta, 3123 Rodrigues de Brito, Joao. See Brito, Jodo Rodrigues de

Rios, Adolfo Morales de los, 3927 Rodrigues Ferreira, Manoel. See Ferreira, Manoel

Rios Gallardo, Conrado, ‘ Rios, Angel Fs G26! do. 6822 Rodrigues

Rippy, J. Fred, 567, 568, 616, 3470, 3471, 4118, 4493, Rodreuer ican tarrers 4532, 4710, 5033, 5120, 6884, 6932, 6963 Rodriguez, José N. 677

Rippy, Merrill, 4139 _ Rodriguez, José S., 4997

Riquelme Garcia, Benigno, 6259 Rodriguez, Juvenal Valerio, 4424

Risopatrén Sanchez, Luis, 442 Rodriguez, Mario, 678, 4400

Riva Aguero, José de la, 3746, 5365, 5371, 5408,5495 Rodriguez, Maximo A., 5296

Rivarola, Rodolfo, 5953 Rodriguez Alcala, José, 6214

Rivarola, Vicente, 6851 Rodriguez Arzta, J., 2195

Rivas, Angel C., 3488 Rodriguez Casado, Vicente, 2157, 2158, 2217, 2502 Rivas, Anselmo H., 4525 Rodriguez del Valle, Mariana, 2552 Rivas, Medardo, 5121 Rodriguez Demorizi, Emilio, 2679, 2680, 3952, 3953, Rivas, Pedro, 4510 3954, 3955, 3970, 4690, 4691, 4711, 4712, 4713 Rivas, Raimundo, 5102, 5103 Rodriguez Garavito, Agustin, 5254 Rivas Groot, José M., 5193 Rodriguez Molas, Ricardo, 5989 Rivas Vicuna, Manuel, 5736 Rodriguez Monegal, Emir, 6334 Rivera, José Fructuoso, 6356, 6357 Rodriguez Morején, G., 4632 Rivera Cambas, Manuel, 4212 Rodriguez- Novas, José, 7071

Rivera Garrido, Luciano, 5153 Rodriguez Pifieres, Eduardo, 5195 Rivera Serna, Raul, 3612, 3760, 3761 Rodriguez Plata, Horacio, 5154 Rivera y Sanroman, Agustin, 3519 Rodriguez Ruiz, Napoleén, 959 Rivero, Juan, 1483 Rodriguez San Pedro, Joaquin, 461 1 Rivero Astengo, Agustin P., 5995 Rodriguez Valencia, Vicente, 3032

Rivero Muniz, José, 2660 Rodriguez Vicente, Maria E., 3020

Rives, George L., 4213 Rodriguez Villa, Antonio, 3730 Roa, Carlos, 3071 Rodulfo Cortés, Santos, 1119

Roa Barcena, José M., 4245 Rodway, James, 714, 2845 Roa y Ursitia, Luis de, 3059 Roeder, Ralph, 4246 Robalino Davila, Luis, 5286 Rogers, Edward J., 849 Roberts, Carlos, 3209 Rogers, Francis M., 1830, 1896 Roberts, George W., 4904 Rohde, Jorge M., 767

Roberts, Henry, 318 Roig de Leuchsenring, Emilio, 3946, 4619, 4633, 4651, Roberts, Orlando W., 3563 4683 Roberts, W. Adolphe, 688, 689 Rojas, Angel F., 5297

Robertson, Donald, 1145, 1203, 1368 Rojas, Casto, 5555

Robertson, John P., 6164 Rojas, Isaac F., 6128 Robertson, William, 517 Rojas, Maria T. de, 2642

Robertson, William P., 6164 Rojas, Ricardo, 768, 3656, 5954, 6065 3474, 3581, 4214, 6897, 6956 Rojas Pinilla, Gustavo, 5255

Robertson, William S., 3210, 3430, 3431, 3472, 3473, Rojas Mery, Eulogio, 5681

Robinson, William D., 3549 Rolando, Carlos A., 954

Robledo, Emilio, 2894, 2909, 5218 Rolon Anaya, Mario, 5618

Roc, Gesner, 4777 Romag, Dagoberto, 3317 Roca Sanchez, Pedro E., 5496 Romanell, Patrick, 1029 Rocafuerte, Vicente, 5324 Romano, Ruggiero, 569

Rocha, Manuel A. Coelho da, 1674 Romay, Francisco L., 5853

Rocha Gutiérrez, Rafael, 5194 Romeiro, Joao, 3832

692 INDEX

Romero, Emilio, 1069 Ruppert, Karl, 1204, 1205

7 3897

Romero. Fegnando. a Ruschenberger, William S. W., 5688 Romero, José Luis, 769 Rydjord, John, 3476, 3582

Romero. Lauro. 6684 Sa, José d’ Almeida Corréa de, marques de Lavradio,

Romero, Mario G., 2938 ; Romero, Matias, 4247 qaavedra, Bautista, 6852 Romero, Sylvio, 850 Jets Nes

Romero Aguirre, Alfonso, 5256 Sapater, Gasp ar, P 47 Romero de Terreros y Vinent, Manuel, 2274, 2330, Sabin} mee 2412, 2413, 2446, 2447, 2448, 2449 nn Joseph, 85 Romero Flores,Rafael Jestis,A., 4267 ¢, Sable, Martin ary 86, Rondén Marquez, 4998,aap 5034 Victor, 4930319, 320

Ropa, Denis L., 2697 Sacasa, Juan B., 4550

Rosa, José M., 5934 Sachica Aponte, Luis C., 5096

Rosales, Justo A., 5711 Saco, José A., 602, 2251, 4652 Rosario Pérez, Angel S., 4714 Saenz, Aaron, 4329

Rosas, Juan M., 5903 Saenz, Alfredo, 4418, 4433

Roscio, German, 3706 Saenz, 52996898 Rosenblat,Juan Angel, 601, 1332, 1494 aenz, Moises. Vicente, 4419, Ross, Saenz ee Santa Carmelo, 2548 Ross,Agustin, Mary,5765 2470 aenz rena,Maria, Koque, Ross, Stanley R., 4081, 4364 Saenz Valiente, José M., 3824

Rossi, Camilo Luis de, 3883 eaez, Emilio, 1698 Rostworowski Tovar de Diez Canseco, Maria, 1568 aeZ Morales, Carlos, 5737 Rotberg, Robert I., 1846 Sagra, Ramon de la, 929, 4641

Rotondo. Humberto. 5507 Sahagun, Bernardino de, Fray, 1305, 1414 Roughley Thomas 4040 Sahuaraura Titu Atauchi, Rafael J., 1601 Rouillén, Guillermo, 5497 Saint-Hilaire, Augustin Francois César Provencal,

Rouk ,Georges, E., 1946, 1959 3861 Rouma, 518 Saint-Lu, André, 1907

Round Table on the Origins of the Spanish-American >4/nt-Remy, Joseph, 4017

Emancipation Movement, Caracas, 1960, 3432 Saintoyant} °:,ae tee Roure, Agenor de, 6489 ; apaarar

Rouse, Irving, 1260, 1261, 1262, 1263, 1264, 1265 Saito, Hiroshi, 6656

Roussier, Paul, 4002 Salado Alvarez, Victoriano, 4188

Rouzier, S., 986 Salamanca, Guillermo, 5097, 5258

Rowe, James W., 6146, 6744 Salas, Alberto M., 2196

Rowe, John H., 1128, 1255, 1266, 1267, 1268, 1519, eas: ese 3615 3076

1532, 1579, 1593 alas, Manuel S. A. de,

Rower, Basilio, 851, 3322 Salas Edwards, Ricardo, 5721

Roxlo, Carlos, 1099 Salazar, José M., 4434

4837 alazar, Rosendo,

Royal Commonwealth Society, London. Library, 111, Saazar ; Ramon, fore 3520, 4490

Royal Institute of International Affairs. Information Salazar pony. Ansusto, esto Roys, Ralph L., 1423, 1431, 1432, 1433, 2380 Salcedo-Bastardo, J. L., 3658

Dept., 4846, 4941 alazar KRomeroO, Carlos,

Rua Figueroa, Ramon, 1731 Saldias, Adolfo, 5926

Rubin, Selma F., 84 algado, Plinio, 0€ Rubio, Julian M., 1960, 3475 Salinas, José Maria, 5586 Ruas Santos, Francisco. See Santos, Francisco Ruas Saigado. Pas: 08

: Z e Salles

Rubio Mané, Jorge Ignacio, 2307, 2347 Salinas y Cordoba, Buenaventura de, 2950

Rubio Orbe, Gonzalo, 5298, 5342 Salles. reas Armando de. See Oliveira, Armando

Rubio y Munoz Bocanegra, Angel, 4567 Salmon Baldivieso, Luis, 6853

Rudenko, B. T., 4283, 4284 Salomon, Noél. 1722

Rue Mees sonatas 3860 Salterain Herrera, Eduardo de, 3825, 6358, 6408 \L5 2, Ramon Salva y Pérez, Vicente, Ruiz, E., 4334 y , 87 ;

Ruiz Castafieda, Maria del Carmen, 4186, 4187 Salvador. Laws, statutes, etc., 4573, 4574, 4575, 4576

: te, , } alvador Lara, Jorge,

Ruiz Garcia, Enrique, 570 oa vader: pecretaria de J ormacion, 4588 Ro Popes Hipglte 3867 3901, 3822, 3823 Salvadores, Antonio, 5867

Ruiz Moreno, Martin, 5881, 5882 Salvatierra, Sofonias, 2518

Ruiz Novoa, Alberto, 5257 Samayoa Chinchilla, Carlos, 1177, 4494 Ruiz Urbina, Antonio, 192 Samayoa Guevara, Héctor H., 2559, 2560 Rumazo Gonzalez, Alfonso, 3657 Samhaber, Ernst, 1887 Rumazo Gonzalez, José 2988 Samper, José M., 5166, 5196 © Rumeu de Armas, Antonio, 1831, 1858, 2159 Samper, Miguel, 5167

INDEX 693 Samper Agudelo, José M., 5155 Santovenia y Echaide, Emeterio S., 930, 2661, 3477,

San Cristéval, Evaristo, 5455, 6832 3947, 4620 San Juan, P. R. Cabildo, 2706 Sanucci, Lia E. M., 5981 San Tiago Dantas, Francisco C. de. See Dantas, Fran- Sanz, Carlos, 89, 1947

cisco C. de San Tiago Sanz Pascual, Atilano, 1797

Sanabria Fernandez, Hernando, 5528 Sao Paulo (City), 3252

Sanabria Martinez, Victor, 4425, 4447, 4448, 4449 S4o Paulo, Brazil (City). Universidade. Faculdade de

Sanchez, George I., 4129, 5067 Filosofia, Ciéncias e Letras, 180

5472, 6238 do Estado, 374

Sanchez, Luis A., 603, 650, 651, 652, 3433, 5410, Sao Paulo, Brazil (State). Departamento do Arquivo

Sanchez, Manuel S., 287 Sapper, Karl Theodor, 4420

Sanchez Agesta, Luis, 1685 Saraiva, Antonio J., 1772, 1773 Sanchez-Albornoz y Menduina, Claudio, 1617, 1646, Saravia, José M., 6008

1675, 1760, 1812, 1813 Saravia, Nepomuceno H., 6430

Sanchez Alonso, Benito, 88, 530 Sarmiento, Domingo F., 5904, 5905, 5906, 5919

Sanchez Azcona, Juan, 4313 Sarmiento de Gamboa, Pedro, 1558, 2016 Sanchez Bella, Ismael, 2110, 2138 Sarobe, José M., 6090 Sanchez Camacho, Jorge, 5259 Sarrablo Aguareles, Eugenio, 2662 Sanchez Cerro, Luis M., 5478 Satineau, Maurice, 2790 Sanchez Navarro, Carlos, 4248 Satterthwaite, Linton, 1207 Sanchez Pedrote, E., 2139 Sauer, Carl O. 1333, 1463, 2626 Sanchez Quell, Hipdlito, 6838 Saunders, Prince. See Sanders, Prince Sanchez Reulet, Anibal, 633 Sayers, Raymond S., 852 Sanchez Sorondo, Marcelo, 6124 Sbarra, Noel H., 5863 Sanchez Valverde, Antonio, 2681 Scalabrini Ortiz, Ratl, 6091 Sanchez Vargas, Gustavo, 4336 Scarone, Arturo, 412, 1100 Sancho, Pedro, 1556 Scarpetta, M. Leonidas, 3614 Sanders [Saunders], Prince, 4003 Scelle, Georges, 2261

Sanders, William T., 1206 Schaden, Egon, 1516 Sanderson, Agnes, 4937 Schafer, Ernst, 2048, 2141 Sandner, Gerhard, 4435 Scherzer, Carl, 4409, 4458

Sandoval, Alonso de, 2260 Scheuss de Studer, Elena F., 3158 Sandoval, Fernando B., 2381 Schiaffino, Eduardo, 770 Sanford, Trent E., 1030 Schiaffino, Rafael, 6380 Sanhueza, Gabriel, 5712 Schmeckebier, Laurance E., 4156 Sanin Cano, Baldomero, 5130 Schmid, Theophilus, 1503

Sanjinés, Jenaro, 5601 Schmidel, Ulrich, 3109

Sansay, Mrs. Leonora. See Hassal, Mary Schmidt, Max, 1269 Santa-Anna, Antonio L6pez de, 4169 Schmidtmeyer, Peter, 3638 Santa-Anna Néry, Frederico J. de, 6503 Schmitt, Karl M., 4314 Santa Cruz Pachacuti, Joan de, 1557 Schneider, Ronald M., 4504, 6957 Santa Cruz Schuhkrafft, Andrés de, 5538 Schobinger, Juan, 1504 Santa Cruz y Espejo, Francisco J. E., 2951 Schoelcher, Victor, 690, 4938

Santa Maria Jaboatao, Ant6nio de. See Jaboatao, An- Schoen, Wilhelm A., Freiherr von, 519

tonio de Santa Maria Schoenrich, Otto, 944

Santa Rosa, Virginio, 6638 Scholes, France V., 1434, 1464, 2307, 2382, 2414, Santarem, Manuel F. de Barros, 2. visconde de, 1676 2541

Santiago de Chile. Biblioteca Nacional, 193, 194,195, Scholes, Walter V., 2348, 4189

2856, 3051, 3772 Schomburgk, Sir Robert H., 715, 4881

196 Schuster, Adolf N., 6222 3124 Schutz, Julius F., 1859 Santiago Sanz, Luis, 2140 Scobie, James R., 771, 5883, 5940

Santiago de Chile. Universidad Catolica. Biblioteca, Schurz, William L., 604, 853, 2181, 5556, 6248

Santiago del Estero, Argentine Republic. Cabildo, Schuster, Edward, 4374

Santiago Vela, Gregorio de, 321 Scott, James B., 1686, 6981, 6982

Santos, Carlos Tavares Affonso dos, 1677 Scott, Robert E., 4113 Santos, Francisco Marques dos, 3928, 3929 Scroggs, William O., 4410 Santos, Francisco Ruas, 6609 Sebreli, Juan J., 6148 Santos, José M. dos, 6477, 6546, 6714 Secco Illa, Joaquin, 6431

Santos, Luiz Goncalves dos, 3884 Seckinger, Ron L., 29

Santos, Manoel dos, 179 Seco, Carlos, 1961 Santos, Reynaldo dos, 1771 See, Henri, 2160

Santos Chocano, José, 5498 Seeger, Charles L., 624 Santos Marrocos, Luiz J. dos. See Marrocos, Luiz J. Seers, Dudley, 4679

dos Santos Segall, Marcelo, 5766

Santos Martinez, Pedro, 3157 Seler, Eduard, 1420

Santos Selva, Carlos, 4552

Santos Simoes, Joao M. dos. See SimG6es, Joao M.dos___ Selser, Gregorio, 4551, 6149

694 INDEX Sinclair, John A., 323

See ean Oe Ios Skidmore, Thomas E., 6716, 6745 Semper, Erwin 5689 Sloane, Hans, 2808 Senior, Bernard M., 4046 Slonimsky, Nicolas, 625

’ ’ Smelser, Marshall, 2618

Seoane. Juan, 5479 Sluiter, Engel, 375, 2161, 2617, 3253 Seoane, Manuel A., 6885 Smith, A. Ledyard, 1208

cePulveda, Cesare Smith, Edmond R., 5690 Serra Juni ero 2503 Smith, Herbert H., 6504 Serrano Sanz, Manuel, 2504 Smith, Justin H., 4215, 4216

? ’ Smith, Raymond T., 4882 Service, Elman R., 1509, 6249 .3930 ,, we? , ° Smith, Robert C., 324, Service, Helen S., 6249 wa ; , Smith, Robert E., 1209

Serrao Toe! 1640 , Smith, Michael G., 4868, 4869, 4906, 4919, 4920 ectton, Kenneth “e 1814 See Faria. Manuel Severs Smith, Robert F., 4594, 4598, 4599, 4684

Fe SHEL SEAMS MANE SNAM Smith, Robert S., 1743, 2049, 2385, 2565, 3598

Sewell, William G., 4866 mun. I. Lynn, 854, 855 Seymour, RichardJ., Arthur, » VernaH., G., 6254 6254 Shafer, Robert 21825920 mith,oatWillard Shelton, Raul M., 930) Snapper, Karl Theodor, 4420 Sheridan, R. B., 2815, 2825 anew, peter C6039

Shiels, W. Buwone, 3018. 53% Soares, Alvaro Teixeira, 6601, 6839, 6848 Shook, Edwin M., | 176, 1468 Soares, José C. de Macedo, 376, 3269 Sicroff, Albert A., 1761 Soares, Rodrigo, 6686 Sierra, Catalina, 3583, 4170 Soares, Torquato Brochado de Sousa, 1699

Sierra, Justo, 4190, 4749 Soares Amora, Antonio. See Amora, Antonio Soares Sierra, Vicente D., 772 Soares de Sousa, Gabriel. See Sousa, Gabriel Soares

Sigluenza y Gongora, Carlos de, 2450 de

Silva, Carlos A., 5854, 6778 Soares de Souza, José A. See Souza, José A. Soares de Silva, F. Altenfelder, 1270 Socarras, José F. 5270 Silva, Gastao Pereira da, 6685 Sociedad de la Union Americana de Santiago de Chile, Silva, Inocéncio Francisco da, 181 Sociedad Econémica de Amigos del Pais. Caracas,

Silva, Hélio, 6715 6788,6789

Silva, Joao Manuel Pereira da, 3346, 3833 4999 ; Silva, Joaquim Norberto de Souza, 3408 Sociedad Mexicana de Antropologia, México, 1210

Silva, Luiz A. Vieira da, 3910 Sociedad Mexicana de Difusi6n Cultural, 1032 Silva, Maria F. G. da, 3247 Sociedad Mexicana de Geografia y Estadistica, 4191

Silva, Ricardo, 5260 Société des Américanistes de Paris, 1129 Silva Castro, Raul, 198, 5650, 5713, 5797, 5803, 5804, | Sodi, Demetrio, 1325

5805 Sodré, Nelson Werneck, 182, 856, 6478, 6479. See Silva Dias, José Sebastiao da. See Dias, José Sebas- Sola, Victor M. de, 2011 tiao da Silva Solari, Aldo E., 6317, 6318, 6460 Silva Cotapos, Carlos, 5789 also Werneck Sodre, Nelson Silva e Souza, Luis Anténio da. See Souza, Luis An- Solari, Juan A., 6125

tonio da Silvae Soldevila Zubiburu, Fernando, 1641

Silva Herzog, Jesus, 4125, 4268, 4279, 4337 Soler, Juan J., 6239

Silva Jardim, Ant6énio da. See Jardim, Ant6énio da Silva Soler, Ricaurte, 5868

Silva Lezaeta, Luis, 2874 Soley Giell, Tomas, 4436

Silva Rego, Antonio da. See Rego, Antonio da Silva Solis, Abelardo, 5499

Silva Vargas, Fernando, 1500 Solis y Rivadeneyra, Antonio de, 2331 Silveira, Simao Estacio da, 3379 Solérzano, Carlos, 668 Silvert, Kalman H., 552, 4505 Solorzano Fernandez, Valentin, 967

Simeon, Remi, 1347 Solorzano Pereira, Juan de, 1309, 2111 Simey, Thomas S., 4867 Sommariva, Luis H., 5826 Simmons, Charles W., 6639 Sommer, Frank H., 1234 Simmons, Merle E., 4157 Soothill, Jay H., 4416 Simoes, Joao M. dos Santos, 3327 Soria, Martin S., 622, 2875

dos Soriano Lleras, Andrés, 5219

Sim6es dos Reis, Antonio. See Reis, Ant6nio Sim6es Soria, Galvarro, Rodolfo, 5610

Simon, Pedro, 2887 Sosa, Jesualdo, 3685 Simon Diaz, José, 322 Sosa, Julio M., 6359

Simonsen, Roberto C., 3280 Sosa-Rodriguez, Carlos, 6767 Simposio sobre la causa de la emancipaci6én del Pert, Sotelo Inclan, Jesus, 1033

Lima, 1957, 3762 Soto, Focion, $197

Simpson, Eyler N., 4338 Soto Hall, Maximo, 4553 Simpson, Lesley B., 1031, 1327, 2252, 2253, 2349, Soto Paz, Rafael, 4653

2363, 2383, 2384, 2561, 2577 Sotomayor y Valdés Ramon, 5602, 5603, 5722, 6804

INDEX 695

Soulanges, Louis D., 737 Stedman, John G., 2841 Sousa, Gabriel Soares de, 3254 Steele, Arthur R., 3045 Sousa, J. Galante de, 857 Stefanich, Juan, 6240, 6241

6569 Stephen, James, 4041

Sousa, Octavio Tarquinio de, 858, 3898, 6483, 6568, Stein, Stanley J., 531, 860, 6480, 6547

Sousa, Pero Lopes de, 3255 Stephens, John L., 1213, 4401 Sousa Coutinho Funchal, Agostinho de, marquez de. Steuart, John, 5135 See Funchal, Agostinho de Sousa Continho, mar- Stevens, Henry, 91

quez de Stevenson, John R., 5738

Sousa Dias, Gastao. See Dias, Gastao Sousa Stevenson, Robert M., 1034

Sousa Farinha, 1618 Stevenson, William Bennet, 3639

Soustelle, Jacques, 1447 Steward, Julian H., 1272, 1478, 4741

Southey, Robert, 3230 Stewart, John, 4029 Souto Maior, Pedro. See Maior, Pedro Souto Stewart, Watt, 4437, 5397, 5456

Souza, Antonio Candido Mello e, 859 Stiffler, Louis, 5136 Souza, José A. Soares de, 6520, 6870 Stiglich, German, 444 Souza, Luis Antonio da Silva e, 3395 Stimson, Henry L., 4533 Souza, Thomaz O. Marcondes de, 1888, 1889, 1908, Stoddard, T. Lothrop, 3991 1971, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003 Stoetzer, O. Carlos, 3434 Souza, Washington Luiz Pereira de, 3396 Stokes, William S., 4512 Souza Gayoso, Raymundo José de. See Gayoso, Ray- — Stoll, Otto, 4495

mundo José de Souza Stone, Doris Z., 1214, 1470, 1471

Souza Maua, Irineo Evangelista de. See Maua, Irineo Storm van’s Gravesande, Laurens, 2842

Evangelista de Souza Strasser, Carlos, 6150

Souza Silva, Joaquim Norberto de. See Silva, Joaquim Street, John, 3502, 3826

Norberto de Souza Street, John M., 4752

Spain. Archivo General de Indias, Sevilla, 377, 378, Streit, Robert, 325 379, 380, 381, 2197, 2275, 2632, 2643, 3412, 3413 Stroessner, Alfredo, 6231 Spain. Archivo General de Marina Don Alvaro de Strong, William D., 1273, 1274, 1275

Bazan, 3414, 3415 Strube Erdmann, Leon, 1580

Spain. Archivo Histérico Nacional, Madrid, 382 Stuardo Ortiz, Carlos, 5723

cas, 90 Studart, Carlos, 3380

Spain. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientifi- Stuart, Graham H., 5366, 6899 Spain. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientifi- | Studart, Guilherme, barao de, 3256, 3257 cas. Instituto Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo, 2332 Sturge, Joseph, 4047 Spain. Direccién General de Archivos y Bibliotecas, Sturtevant, William C., 1297

383, 384 Suarez, Marco F., 5168

Spain. Embajada. Mexico, 4217 Suarez de Peralta, Juan, 2308

Spain. Instituto de Estudios Pirenaicos, Jaca, 1815 Suarez Fernandez, Luis, 1705, 1816 Spain. Laws, statutes, etc., 1678, 2070, 2071, 2072 Suarez y Navarro, Juan, 4192

Spain. Ministerio de Fomento, 2073 Subercaseaux, Guillermo, 883 Spain. Ministerio de Ultramar, 4612 Subercaseaux, Ramon, 5682

Spain. Sovereigns, 2888 Suslow, Leo A., 4506 Spain, Mildred W., 4391 Susnik, Branislava, 1510 Spalding, Walter, 6849 Susto, Juan Antonio, 1047 Special Inter-American Conference. Ist, Washington, Swan, Michael, 4883

1964, 7028 Sward, Sven Ola, 3478

Special Inter-American Conference. 2d, Rio de Ja- $zaszdi, Adam, 4402, 5282

neiro, 1965, 7029 Szulc, Tad, 4682, 4715

Special Meeting of Senior Government Representa- .

tives to Strengthen the Inter-American Economic Talavera, Natalicio, 6190

and Social Council, 7030 Tamayo, Franz, 5587 Specker, Johann, 2220 Tamayo, Joaquin, 5220, 5221, 5222 Spell, Jefferson R., 653, 666, 2235, 2451 Tamayo, Jorge L., 430 Spell, Lota M., 385 Tannenbaum, Frank, 605, 4090, 4091, 6900 Spence, James M., 5035 Tanner, Helen H., 2505 Spicer, Edward H., 1316 Tanodi, Aurelio Z., 3146 Spilimbergo, Jorge E., 6040 Tansill, Charles C., 4218, 4716, 4946

Spinden, Herbert J., 1211, 1212 Tapia y Rivera, Alejandro, 2707, 3978, 4725

Spix, Johann B. von, 3862 Tapson, Alfred J., 1511

Spores, Ronald, 1465, 1466 Taques de Almeida Paes Leme, Pedro. See Leme,

Spranz, Bodo, 1435 Pedro Taques de Almeida Paes

Springer, Hugh W., 4847 Taracena, Alfonso, 4269 Spurdle, Frederick G., 2801 Tarrade, Jean, 2846

Squier, Ephraim G., 1271, 4411, 4511, 4543 Tau Anzoatequi, Victor, 5927

Staden, Hans, 1517 Taunay, Affonso de Escragnolle, 861, 862, 3347, 3397 Steck, Francis B., 2221, 2452 Tauro, Alberto, 274, 275

Stanger, Francis M., 3599 Taunay, Hippolyte, 3863

696 INDEX

Tavara, Santiago, 5376 Tid, Aurelio, 2708

Tavares, Francisco Muniz, 3885 Tippenhauer, Louis Gentil, 4753 Tavares Affonso Santos, Carlos. See Santos, Carlos Tischendorf, Alfred P., 4219

Tavares Affonso Tjarks, German O. E., 3159, 3160

Tavares Bastos, Aureliana C. See Bastos, Aureliana Tobar, Baltasar de, 2074

C. Tavares Tobar Cruz, Pedro, 3600, 4487

Tavera Acosta, Bartolomé, 1120 Tobar Donoso, Julio, 5287, 5300, 5335, 6826, 7085

Tavera Alfaro, Xavier, 3584 Toboada, Gaspar, 5907

Taylor, Carl C., 6056 Tokyo Daigakku, 1281 Taylor, Coley, 2425 Tolentino Rojas, Vicente, 945 Taylor, Eva G. R., 1890 Tollenare, Louis F. de, 3864 Taylor, Philip B., 4507, 6453, 6461 Tome, Eustaquio, 6335

Tehuacan Archaeological-Botanical Project, 1215 Toor, Frances, 461

Teichert, Pedro C. M., 571 Topete, José Manuel, 183, 326

Teixeira Mendes, Raimundo. See Mendes, Raimundo _Torata, Fernando Valdés, conde de, 3748

Teixeira Torchia Estrada, Juan C., 773

Teixeira Soares, Alvaro. See Soares, Alvaro Teixeira _Tornel y Mendivil, José M., 4162

Teixidor, Felipe, 260 Tornquist, Ernesto & Co., 5827 Teja Zabre, Alfonso, 3585 Toro Ruilova, David, 5637

Tejado Fernandez, Manuel, 2933 Torquemada, Juan de, 1415, 2309

Tejera, Emiliano, 3971 Torre, Lisandro de la, 6042 Tella, Guido di, 6057 Torre Revello, José, 135, 2198, 2236, 2237, 3135, Tella, Torcuato S. di, 6009, 6041 3136 Téllez, Indalicio, 884 Torre Reyes, Carlos de la, 3732, 5343

Tello, Julio C., 1276, 1277, 1278, 1279, 5411 Torre Villar, Ernesto de la, 1035, 3538, 4171, 4220

Temperley, Harold W. V., 3479 Torre y del Cerro, Antonio de la, 1817

Temple, Edmond, 3747 Torres, Bibiano, 2663, 2723

Te Paske, John Jay, 2506 Torres, Joao C. de Oliveira, 6562, 6603, 6717

Terdn, Juan B., 5955 Torres, José L., 6092

Teran, Manuel de, 1656 Torres, Juan M., 4315 Ternaux-Compans, Henri, 1866 Torres Balbas, Leopoldo, 1700 Terra, Gabriel, 6454 Torres Garcia, Guillermo, 5223 Terra, Gabriel, Jr., 6455 Torres Restrepo, Camilo, 5261 Terrasse, Henri, 1832 Torres Reyes, Ricardo, 2724

Teschauer, Carlos, 863 Torres Rioseco, Arturo, 654, 669, 670, 4538, 5806 Texas. University. Institute of Latin American Stud- Torriente, Lolo de la, 4654

ies, 93, 4092 Torriente y Peraza, Cosme de la, 4663

Texas. University. Library, 288, 386, 3511 Toth, Jane, 3982

Texas. University. Population Research Center, 483 Toussaint, Manuel, 2453, 2454

Thayer Ojeda, Tomas, 3066, 3067 Toussaint Louverture, Francois D., 4004

Thévet, André, O.F.M., 3258 Tovar, Juan de, 1369

Thoby-Marcelin, Philippe, 4818 Tovar, Manuel, 5462

Thomas, A. J., Jr., 7084 Towle, Margaret A., 1581 Thomas, Alfred B., 2507 Townsend, William C., 4365 Thomas, Ann, 7084 Townsend Ezcurra, Andrés, 3541, 4404 Thomas, Dalby, 2795 Tozzer, Alfred M., 1220, 1425 Thomas, Daniel H., 387 Traibel Nelcis, José M., 3165 Thomas, David Y., 6943 Tramond, Joannés, 2779, 2780 Thomas Gilcrease Institute of American History and Trask, David F., 6888

Art, Tulsa, Oklahoma, 388 Trask, Roger R., 6888

Thome, James A., 4048 Trelles y Govin, Carlos M., 218, 219, 220, 221, 931, Thompson, Donald E., 1280, 1520 2633, 3948 | Thompson, Emmanuel, 4455 Trembley, William A., 3982 Thompson, George, 6185 Trens, Manuel B., 1036, 1037 Thompson, George A., 4403 Trenti Rocamora, José L., 661, 2857 Thompson, J. Eric S., 1205, 1216, 1217, 1218, 1219, Treutler, Paul, 5691

1424, 1436, 2566, 2578 Trier, Carl A., 4067

Thompson, Reginald W., 4831 Triffin, Robert, 6250 Thornton, Archibald P., 2802 Trifilo, S. Samuel, 5832

Thornton, Maria C., 6602 Trigueros, Roberto, 2553 Thurber, Orray E., 5036 Trimborn, Hermann, 1321, 2976 Tibesar, Antonine, 3033 Tristan y Moscozo, Flora, 5418 Tieffenberg, David, 6126 Trollope, Anthony, 4832 Tijerino, Toribio, 4554 Troncoso, Oscar A., 6043 Tiller, Ann Q., 6746 Troncoso de la Concha, Manuel J., 3972

Times, London, The, 445 Trouillot, Ernst, 237 Timmons, Wilbert H., 3586 Trouillot, Henock, 237, 2781, 4744 Tinoco, Brigido, 6687 Trujillo, Diego de, 2967

INDEX 697 Tucuman, Argentine Republic. Universidad, 3125 Urrutia y Montoya, Ignacio J. de, 2664

Tudela, José, 389 Urteaga, Horacio H., 2968 Tugwell, Rexford G., 4742 Uruguay. Archivo General de la Nacién, 3100

Tumin, Melvin Marvin, 1081 Uruguay. Asamblea General, 6280 Turlington, Edgar W., 4126 Uruguay. Comisién de Inversién y Desarrollo EcoTurnbull, David, 4605 nomico, 6305 Turnbull, Gordon, 4061 Uruguay. Comisién Nacional Archivo Artigas, 3793 Turner, Thomas A., 5969 Uruguay. Consejo Nacional de Administracién, 6414 Twentieth Century Fund, 4462 Uruguay. Constitution, 6281 Twitchell, Ralph E., 2276 Uruguay. Direccién General de Estadistica, 488 Tyler, Alice F., 6908 Uruguay, Ministerio de Industrias y Trabajo, 6306. Uruguay. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, 6398

Ubieto Arteta, Antonio, 1642 Uruguay. President, 1843-1851 (Oribe), 6378 Udaondo, Enrique, 413, 3106 Uruguay. Treaties, etc., 6282, 6283, 6760

Ugarte, César A., 5398, 5500 Urzuta Urzua, Luis, 5698 Ugarte, Manuel, 6919 Uslar Pietri, Juan, 3734 Ugarteche, Pedro, 5384 Utrecht. Rijksuniversiteit. Bibliothek, 97 Uhle, Max, 1282

Ulloa, Alberto, 6827 Vaganay, Hughes, 98 Ulloa, Antonio de, 2864, 2865 Vaillant, George C., 1221, 1448

Ulloa Ortiz, Berta, 4280, 4281 Vaissiére, Pierre de, 2782 Ulloa y Sotomayor, Alberto, 5385, 5432, 5457, 5473 Valadés, José C., 4163, 4250, 4251, 4367 Umana Luna, Eduardo, 5277 Valcarcel, Carlos D., 3763 Unanue, José Hipolito, 2952 Valcarcel, Gustavo, 1533, 5520 Underhill, Edward B., 4054, 4870 Valcarcel, Luis E., 1071, 1534, 5502

Unger, W. S., 2834 Valcarcel Esporza, Carlos D., 1602 United Nations. Dag Hammarskjold Library. Docu- Valdeavellano y Arcinis, Luis Garcia de, 1679 ments Index Unit, 94 Valderrama, Jeronimo, 2350 United Nations. Department of Economic and Social Valdés, Antonio J., 2665

Affairs, 572 Valdés Dominguez, Eusebio, 3949

United Nations. Economic Commission for Latin Valdez Garrido, Julio, 5412

5767 Valdivia, Pedro de, 3062

America, 484, 573, 574, 5399, 5557, 5558, Valdivia, Juan G., 5419

United Nations. Statistical Office, 485 Valega, José M., 3764, 5377

United Nations Mission of Technical Assistance to Valencia Avaria, Luis, 5662

Haiti, States, 4788 Valenzuela Reyna, Gilberto, 4464 United 7021 Valerio, Gianina, 648 4463, 1 U.S. Board on Geographic Names, 446 Valladares, Benedicto, 6747 U.S. Bureau of Insular Affairs, 4726 Valle, Adrian del, 920, 3950

U.S. Congress. Senate, 6920 Valle, José C. del, 3542 U.S. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Haiti Valle, Rafael H., 3588, 4381, 4392 and Santo Domingo, 4789 Valle Arizpe, Artemio de, 2415

U.S. Department of State, 4685, 6046, 6892 Valle Llano, Antonio, 2698

U.S. Department of State. External Research Divi- Vallejo, Antonio Ramon, 991

sion, 95 Vallenilla Lanz, Laureano, 3735, 5037

U.S. Department of State. Historical Office, 7066 Valtierra, Angel, 2939 U.S. Library of Congress, 96, 327, 5529, 5641 Valton, Emilio, 2277 U.S. Library of Congress. Census Library Project, Valverde Téllez, Emeterio, 4082

486, 487 Van Aken, Mark J., 6958

U.S. Library of Congress. Division of Bibliography, Van Alstyne, Richard W., 6959

124, 4838, 6889 Vance, John T., 1680, 4083 Section, 6978 Vanger, Milton I., 6432, 6463 U.S. National Archives, 390 Vansittart, Arthur G., 6232

U.S. Library of Congress. Hispanic Law Division, 328 Vandelldés, José A., 4968 U.S. Library of Congress. International Organizations Vanderpol, Alfred, 1687

U.S. Tariff Commission, 575 Varallanos, José, 2998, 5367

Urbina, Luis G., 3587 Varas, Antonio, 5671, 6805, 6812 Urdanivia Ginés, José, 5474 Varela, Alfredo, 6570

Uribe, Angel, 1793 Varela, Héctor F., 6169 Uribe, Antonio J., 5104, 6779, 6833 Varela, José P., 6336 Uribe, Susana, 4072 Varela, Luis V., 6878 Uribe Uribe, Rafael, 5123 Varela y Morales, Félix, 4655

Uriburu, José F., 6093, 6094 Vargas, 3749 Uriel Garcia, José, 5501 Vargas, Antonio, 5671, 6812

Urquidi, Victor L., 576 Vargas, Getulio, 6629, 6630, 6631, 6632, 6633 Urquizo, Francisco L., 4366 Vargas, José M., 3021, 3034, 3046, 5000

Urrutia, Carlos de, 2365 Vargas, M. Nemesio, 5378

Urrutia, Francisco J., 3733, 6794 Vargas, Pedro Fermin de, 2915

698 INDEX Vargas Machuca, Bernardo de, 2142 Verhoog, P., 1948

Vargas Ugarte, Rubén, 276, 277, 391, 1130, 1569, Verissimo, Erico, 864 2858, 2956, 3008, 3027, 3035, 3047, 3674, 3765, Verissimo de Mattos, José, 865

$372 Verlinden, Charles, 1619, 1620, 1723, 1724, 1725,

Varnhagen, Francisco A. de, visconde de Pérto Se- 1744, 1745, 1762, 1763

guro, 3231, 3381, 3834 Verschuren, Joseph (pseud.), 4754

Varona Guerrero, Miguel, 4634 Versen, Max von, 6213

Vasconcelos, Diogo de, 3265, 3398 Vespucio, Américo, 1992

Vasconcelos, José, 1038, 4252, 4368, 4369 Vetancurt, Agustin de, 2437

Vasconcelos, Simao de, 3259 Vial Correa, Gonzalo, 3083 Vat, Odulfo Van der, 3318 Viana, Javier de, 6410, 6434

Vaval, Duraciné, 4819 Viana, Luiz, 6688, 6689 Vaz Ferreira, Carlos, 6337 Vianna, Antonio, 3911

Vazquez, Emilio, 5521 Vianna, Francisco José de Oliveira, 866, 6604 Vazquez, Francisco, 2542 Vianna, Hélio, 867, 3847, 6521, 6563, 6605, 6610,

Vasquez A., Rafael, 4481 6781 | . Vazquez de Coronado, Juan, 2543 Vianna Filho, Luiz, 6571

Vazquez de Espinosa, Antonio, 208 1 Vianna Moog, Clodomiro. See Moog, Clodomiro Vi-

Vazquez de Tapia, Bernardino, 2333 anna |

Vazquez Goémez, Francisco, 4370 Vicens Vives, Jaime, 521, 1647, 1681, 1713

Vazquez-Machicado, Humberto, 782, 3766 Vicente do Salvador, 3232

Vasquez Machicado, José, 2859 Victorica, Julio, 5928

Vazquez-Niiiez, Guillermo, 1798 Vicuna Fuentes, Carlos, 5663

Vazquez y Vega, Prudencio, 6338 Vicuna Mackenna, Benjamin, 885, 3660, 3778, 5724,

Vedia, Agustin de, 5864, 6409, 6840 3770

Vedia, Enrique de, 2075 Vidal, Manuel, 679

Vedia y Mitre, Mariano de, 3659, 3827, 5884, 5982, | Vidaurre, Adrian, 4496

6433 . Vidaurreta de Tjarks, Alicia, 3160, 6399

Vega, José de la, 5198 Vide, Sebastiao Monteiro da, 3260

Vega, Nicolas, 5784 Viegas Gago Coutinho, Carlos. See Coutinho, Carlos

Vega Cobiellas, Ulpiano, 4680 Viegas Gago . Veitia Linaje, José de, 2183 Vieira da Silva, Luiz A. See Silva, Luiz A. Vieira da Vejarano, Jorge R., 3736 Vieira de Campos, Fausto. See Campos, Fausto ViVekené, Emil van der, 1787 eira de

Vela, David, 3601, 4482 Vieytes, Hipdlito, 3148 Velasco, Fanor, 5683 Vigneras, L. A., 1962 Velasco Valdés, M., 4158 Villa, Pablo, 1123

Velasco y Mendoza, Luis, 1039 Villa-Senor y Sanchez, José Antonio de, 2351 VelAzquez, Maria del Carmen, 99, 3512, 4108 Villacorta Calderon, José A., 2519, 4465 Velazquez, Primo Feliciano, 1040 Villalobos R., Sergio, 2162, 2876, 3779, 5723

Velho Sobrinho, Jodo F., 414 Villanueva, Carlos A., 3480, 3481

Véliz, Claudio, 520, 5768 Villanueva, Laureano, 3661, 5003 Vellard, Jehan A., 5579 Villanueva Valencia, Victor, 5522

Veloz, Ramon, 4969 Villaran, Manuel V., 5475 Venables, Robert, 2809 Villarroya, Antonio, 418

Venezuela. Archivo General de la Nacién, 2916 Villasenor y Villasefior, Alejandro, 3513

5069 Villavicencio, Manuel, 5325

Venezuela. Direccién de Planificacién Agropecuaria, _- Villaverde, Cirilo, 4656

Venezuela. Laws, statutes, etc., 2860 Villegas, Abelardo, 4140 Venezuela. Ministerio de Crédito Publico, 5001 Villegas, Aquilino, 5262

Venezuela. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, 6780 Villoro, Luis, 1041, 3521

Venezuela. Presidencia, 4962, 4963, 5002 Vinas Mey, Carmelo, 1726

Venezuela. President, 1964-, 5070 Vincent, Sténio, 4778

Venezuela. Universidad Central. Consejo de Desa- —- Vincke, Johannes, 1788

rrollo Cientifico y Humanistico, 3707 Vindel, Francisco, 100

Venezuela. Universidad Central, Caracas. Facultad Vio Henriquez, Octavio, 5787

de Humanidades y Educaci6én, 1121 Viotti da Costa, Emilia. See Costa, Emilia Viotti da

2901 Visca, Carlos, 6307

Venezuela (Capitania General). Laws, statutes, etc.. Visca, Arturo S., 6339

Venezuela (Capitania General). Real Audiencia, 3193 Vita, Luis Washington, 6668

Vera, Robustiano, 5699 Vitier, Medardo, 932

Vera Estanol, Jorge, 4270 Vivas Maldonado, José Luis, 1082

Vera Vera, Raul, 5769 Vives, José, 101

Verdevoye, Paul, 5956 Vivo, Jorge A., 432 Vérez de Peraza, Elena, 222 Von Hagen, Victor W., 1283

Vergara, José R., 5224 Vowell, Richard Longeville, 3708 Vergara, Luiz, 6748 Vergara, Saturnino, 3614 Waddell, David A. G., 691, 717

INDEX 699 Wagley, Charles, 868, 6749 Willey, Gordon R., 1134, 1149, 1150, 1151, 1152, Wagner, Henry R., 1963, 1964, 2033, 2034, 2278, 1153, 1225, 1244, 1275, 1284, 1285, 1286, 1287

2334 Williams, Eric E., 718, 2592, 4032, 4056, 4057, 4833

Wagner, Moritz, 4458 Williams, James, 4050

Wagner de Reyna, Alberto, 5368, 5386, 6755 Williams, John H., 5990

Walker, Charles, 4727 Williams, Mary W., 4100, 6522, 6548, 6960

Walker, James, 4030 Williamson, James A., 2826, 2847 Walker, William, 4412 Williamson, John G. A., 5004 Walker Martinez, Carlos, 5725 Williman, José C., 6435 Wallbridge, Edwin A., 4049 Wills, Guillermo, 5137

Walle, J. van de, 4942 Wilson, Arthur M., 2848 Walle, Paul, 5559 Wimpffen, Francois A. S., 2764 Wallich, Henry C., 4589 Winkler, Max, 577 Walser, Fritz, 1682 Winters, Howard S., 1174, 1202 Walsh, Robert, 6505 Wionczek, Miguel S., 578 Walther, Juan C., 5828 Wirth, John D., 6640

Wanderley [de Aratijo] Pinho, José. See Pinho, José Wisconsin. University. Land Tenure Center. Library,

Wanderley [de Aratjo] 315

Warburton, Elizabeth A., 313 Wise, George S., 4317, 5038

Ward, Henry G., 4193 Wisner, Enrique, 6206 Warner, George F., 2591 Witte, Charles M. de, 1822 Warren, Dave, 1464 Wiznitzer, Arnold, 3298 Warren, Fintan B. [J. Benedict], 1421, 2416 Wolf, Eric R., 1356

Warren, Harris G., 1059, 3435, 3487, 6242, 6255 Wolf, Theodore, 955

Washburn, Charles Ames, 1060 Wolfel, Josef D., 1860

Washburn, Wilcomb E., 1897 Wolff, Inge, 3039 Wassen, S. Henry, 1495 Wolper, Ruth G. Durlacher, 1949

Watjen, Hermann, 3382 Wonsewer, Isreal, 6308

Watt, Thomas, 2845 Wood, Bryce, 6922, 6923 Watt, W. Montgomery, 1764 Wood, Harold A., 4755

Wauchope, Robert, 1131, 1146, 1147, 1148, 1222, | Woodward, Ralph Lee, 968, 3602

1223, 1224, 1472 Worcester, Donald E., 3662

Waxman, Samuel M., 289 Wright, Almon R., 5829 Weatherhead, Richard W., 547 Wright, Irene A., 2593, 2594, 2595, 2596, 2667, 2668, Weber, Bernard C., 4000 2669, 2670, 2671, 2682, 2817

Webster, Charles K., 3454, 3482 Wright, James M., 4058 Weckmann, Luis, 1821, 4109 Wrong, Humphrey Hume, 4849 Wedin, Ake, 1521, 1575, 1582 Wythe, George, 579, 580 Weil, Félix J., 6010 Weismann, Elizabeth W., 2455 Xérez, Francisco de, 1559 Weiss y Sanchez, Joaquin, 2666 Ximénez, Francisco, 2544 Welker, Juan C., 6443

Welles, Sumner, 4717, 6921 Yale University. Library, 104

Welsh, Doris V., 1614 Yanez, Agustin, 4253

Werneck Sodré, Nelson, 869. See also Sodré, Nelson Ybot Leén, Antonio, 2222, 2926

Werneck Yepes, Jestis M., 7087

Wesley, Charles H., 4055 Yepes, José M., 6795

West, Hans, 4068 Ynsfran, Pablo Max, 6176, 6219

West, Robert C., 1355, 2386, 2567, 2925, 5124 Yofre, Felipe, 5970 West Indies. (Federation 1958 — 1962). Federal Young, Allan, 4884

Information Service, 4856 Young, John P., 4393

Westergaard, Waldemar C., 2835 Young, Jordan, 6641 Wethey, Harold E., 3048, 3049 Yrarrazaval Larrain, José M., 5700, 5726

Weyl, Nathaniel, 4316 Yrigoyen, Hipolito, 6078, 6079

Weyl, Sylvia, 4316 Yrigoyen, Pedro, 6859, 6860

Whetten, Nathan L., 4339, 4483 Yunque, Alvaro, 5991 Whitaker, Arthur P., 553, 634, 2184, 2508, 2509, Yves de Evreux, 3261 3022, 3483, 6011, 6047, 6151, 6901, 7086

White, Edward L., 6170 Zabriskie, Luther K., 4947 Whitson, Agnes M., 2816, 4848 Zalduendo, Eduardo, 6152 Whitten, Norman E., Jr., 5301 Zaldumbide, Gonzalo, 655

Wied-Neuwied, Maximilian A. P., prinz von, 3865 Zamacois, Niceto de, 1042

Wilcox, Francis O., 6944 Zambrano, Francisco, 2438 Wilder, Elizabeth, 324 Zamora Castellanos, Pedro, 4466

Wilgus, A. Curtis, 102, 522, 523, 524, 554, 606,692, Zamora y Coronado, José M., 2076, 4613

746 Zamudio Zamara, José, 1965, 3615

Wilkie, James W., 4271 Zapatero, José M., 2619

Willems, Emilio, 6558, 6559 Zaragoza, Justo, 4635

700 INDEX

Zarate, Agustin de, 1560, 2969 Zook, David H., 6828, 6854

Zarco, Francisco, 4172, 4194, 4254 Zorbas D., Alejandro, 192 Zavala, Lorenzo de, 3550 Zorraquin Becu, Ricardo, 3137, 3138, 3166, 5957 Zavala, Silvio A., 525, 526, 1861, 2112, 2143, 2144, Zubillaga, Felix, 2215

2145, 2387, 2456, 2562, 2627 Zubizarreta, Carlos, 417 Zavala Muniz. Justino. 6436 Zuidema, R. T., 1317, 1522, 1576, 1583 , , Zum Felde, Alberto, 656, 1101, 1102 Zea, Leopoldo, 635, 4130, 4141, 4142, 4143 a AE E. Martins. 17

Zelinsky, Wilbur, 489 2457 Boone sO EeJuana, Mettins, 1765 Zepeda Rincoén, Tomas, urdaran,

7 A 0. 3551 Zuretti, Juan C., 5830 Zarece,Anaaas,35 Zar, Alonso de 141

Zimmerman, Irene, 105, 4375 Zymelman, Manuel, 6057 Zinny, Antonio, 1061, 5833, 5834, 5835, 5855