Journal of the Siam Society; 43

Table of contents :
JSS_043_1a_Front
JSS_043_1b_Blofeld_HilltribesOfNorthernThailandMiaosAndYaos
JSS_043_1c_PrinceDhaniNivat_ReconstructionOfRamaI
JSS_043_1d_PadmeswarGogoi_DivinationByAhomDeodhais
JSS_043_1e_PhyaAnumanRajadhon_NoteOnDivinationByAhomDeodhais
JSS_043_1f_PhyaAnumanRajadhon_MePosopTheRiceMother
JSS_043_1g_Reviews
JSS_043_1h_AnnualReport
JSS_043_2a_Front
JSS_043_2b_PrinceDhaniNivat_TheDalang
JSS_043_2c_LuangBoribalBuribhand_ExcavationsAtChapelRoyalAtAyudhya
JSS_043_2d_KraisriNimmanahaeminda_SangambaengGlazedPotteries
JSS_043_2e_Seidenfaden_AppeciationOfRouxMinoritesNordIndochine
JSS_043_2f_Reviews
JSS_043_2g_AccessionsToLibrary

Citation preview

August 1955

VOLUME XLIII Part 1

THE

JOURNAL OF. THE

SIAM SOCIETY (JS S)

BANGKOK

2498

TABLE OF CONTENTS

VOLUME XL.I/l, PART 1

AUGUST 1955.

Page

John Blofeld,

Some HUltribes of North 1'hailand ( Miaos and Y aos )

Prince Dhani Nivat,

1

I'he Reoonst1·uction of Rama I of the Ohakri Duna.sty

21

Padmeswar Gagoi, Divination by Ahom Deodhais Phya Anuman Rajadhon, Ivi e Posop, the Rice JviothM· Reviews T. Volkel',

49 55 60

Porcelain rwd the Dutch East India Company ( Oharles Nelson Spinks)

Kenneth W. Morgan,

Maurice Oollis,

7' he Religion of the Hindus ( K.Jil. Wells)

Into H1:dden Bu1·ma ( K.E. Wells) 'Jlhe Dhammrtpada (D.)

S. Hadlwkrishnau,

Recent Siamese Publications

73

159. Sathienkoses, A Narrative of the 'l'Mee Stage,q of the Universe 160. Klon Ve1·ses of the Tlamakien 161. Luang Visal-silpakam, 'l'he A1·t of Inlay?:ng with Jl1other-of-Pea?'l 162. N. Krail'iksh, Phya Btwtts1•at's Miscellanies Concerning the Fifth Reign 163. The Hev.

Phra Arnaramuni, A Guide to the Tmipido1c

Publications of Interest in Other journals Accessions to the Library from January to May 1955 Annual Report, 1953 Annual Report, 1954 Statement of Financial Condition of the Society at the End of I~

81 85

93

-

101 107

SOME HILLTRIBES OF NORTH THAILAND ( MIAOS AND YAOS) by

.! o!t.n .Rlo.felrl 'l'bere is a large antl t•oughly ch·cnlar aretl etnbraclng Sohth"

West Chinn, tho Shan States and the Northet'l1 Jlat'ts of Thailand, Laos anil Vietnrun, concerning whitingllishuiJlc by the colours uf their clr~ss au heaLI(Iliarters. t~uite a lot uf their t.imu j:-; i:lpc·nt in tl1e opium. ancl rnail~e Jielrls, where they errecL tempot·ary shelters for sleeping two together. Oultivtttion il:l by meawJ of juugle- but•ning, the lJurnt trees serving as manure. After verhavs four years, the yield begins to lessen; whereupon tho whole village is transported to new pastures, the empty huts being left to the mercy oE natUl'e. In the busier seasons, the village contaiu::J only old people anLl young children-though old is a relative term incl nding people in their late forties, for the life- span is rather brief. No lantl iB cultivated much below a level of three thonsuud fuet, Lhe Minos 'lJHlieving that the valleys hold death for them. 'l'his may be true as they have no irnmuntiy to the diseases of the valleys.

'l'here are no fixed

meal~

time-they eat when hungry ; the

food is very plain and sometimes limited to rice and salt washed do\vll with water. 'l'hey own quite a range of animals-pigs, cows, chickens, catlle, mules, horses, ca.ts and the most lovely long- haired , lmives and so on.

Given a good

Bllpply of steel and salt, they eonltl live qnite irH1epent'ooeutly a hand was stretched unl and rubbed aCI'OSS my chest.. 'l'boy wen' nut at all unaLt.ractive in feature, but covere anLl (J!Ie ur two grey hain>. "I'm old enough to be their father,'' I rollect•.·a,Jdng, tho plot is

aK

Jollowfl:

In a contest of skill in manipulatiug tho bow of Siva, Hilma, the hero, had won his bride, Sirla, who proved a mnst faithful und devoted wife.

Jn order to honour a vow made in an

uug't!Hl'tled

moment by his father, the King of Ayodhya, to a nlinor young Queen, Rama exiled himself hom the oapital for 13 yent•s, dui•ing which his wife \Vas abdnct(cd by 'l'hosakanth the dnnon-ldng of Lonlra. Rii,rna wagetl a long WUrpose of lh'amatic-tlauco performances.

Tt was judged by

King Ohulalongkorn to have belongetl to late Ayndhya days because

of its descript.ion of the capital cit,y and its royal palace. 'rhe fragments were seen red from N al{Oll Sri DlHlJ'UHl.raj ancl were published in Prince Damrong's Histm·y of the l>?'cHna o.f Inao in 1921 ( pp. 85-93). An epilogue was discovered later confirming the fact that the ahove was a relie oE the Jato Ayndhyi1 period and that lGng HiLma I WJ'(lte tho eonc:lntling section of it in the royal chamber of Ohakrabart.ibirnii,n, thus qnaliJ:ying it as a royal writing of the Hrst; reign.

This vel'f::ion of the romaneo of Inao was the subject

of a muelt more JlOJH11at·. elrama from

Llw pert of His Majesty's

BneenHsOJ', Hiillla II, nnller the identical name of Unrt'I'JI.fh waH writlen in

lnao.

178a anll is tllo only vestige of the

1\f:Lhubhurata in Siamr!Se lit.umtnre. 'l'he lter·o was Unaruth ( Sk. Aniruddha) grandson of Krishna. It is believed to have been

d ranHttised from the poem of S1·i Prii,jna of the XVII th century.

'l'he King wrote also a nh·ctB, a typo of poetry based supposndly on a sepm:at.ion from a lady -love while on travel, called Ni?·as 1'a Dindaen after a famous spot which was a batlle ground in that campaign. '!.'he poem is dated 1786, when the King and his hrothet· had jnst repelled a Burmese invasion which llacl entered Si:nn hy t.he Tht'ee Pagodas pass on the western border. Schweisgnt,h in his Etude su1· la Littfwat·twc s·iamo'ise eommentell (p. 190) "olle est 6erite dans un

hince Dhani Nivat

!Style grandiloquent et elle contient pen

de dt'·talls intt'•resSilllts;

c'est un !Jrcf journal de route plus LJH'nn Ni?'al; on n'y t.roHVP paH trace d'omotion amonreuse". A History of Siam, now known as t.lw version

nf Phan Ohandanumiis, contains a preface with the date of 0.8. 1157 ( 17%) as being the year when it was writtrn. The preface hns tlH· fnrt.het• interesting information that tbe part conmwncing wit.h tho founding of Ayudhya down to the reign of Phrachao Siia ( Jlp, l-H7R) had been wrilten Hnder the dil'eciion of KingR Pctr:\j:\ and PhraehaP Siia; and that. t.lte colltinnation down to eont.cmpornry t;i uws had been written hy Ohaophya BibidhaLi,iai nuder Ham a I's d i reetion. 'l'he latter w!'itet· was probably identical wit.h the nohle1nan who was an anthorHy on court etiquette and ceremonies and h(•ade>tl t.he royal commission lo dt·aw up details of tho Ring's cor·mutt.ion in

178li. Of tbe category of translations from fot•eign mast!~rpieces instigated by the King there were many. In the very lit·st. year of the reign there was a royal command to write down thP old taloof the Sibsongliem, a name which can bo paraphrased as ''The Duodeeagcm''.

This copy was wl'itten in gold on the old-st.yle Siamese folio

paper. Another version has recently (1928) been discovered and puhli.

shed showing an Ayndhyan date of O.S, 1114(1753). It is morothun probable that this was the original from which the gold. Jette red copy 'l'ho gist of both versions enncet·ns an old Persian tradition of King Mahmoud nf Baghdad of the Ahbasirl dynasty who went in q1wst of an old dnodecagonal monnmont e1·ected by Nushirwan Al'ndtlin of the Persian Sassanid dynasty on which he fonnd maxims of polity which form the main topic of 1783 was made.

of this work.

The source of the story was Iran and

one of the works, like lnao, whieh Islamic lVhlacca to Ayndby!j.

form€'cl

110

u onht.

it

whe hronght from

Another voluminous translation was the l'riahavansa from the Pali of Ot:!ylon.

li'rom the

rtnys

of

Riima Kambaeng of

Sukhothai onr nat.inn has been deeply inspired by tho '1'hern.v:\c1in

The Reconstruction of Rama I

35

Buddhism of tllat country. At the King's com1.uand Khun Sundaravobar, acting Chief Scribe, wrote clown in 1797 the translation of the gt·eat work undertaken, by a certain Phyii Dharmapurohit. 'rhe copy was submitted, by royal command, to and duly approved by the Patriarch and Lords Abbot of the Kingdom. Two other voluminous works, this time from the Chinese, belong to this period. 'l'ho 8a-ihan, an historical novel of Chinese source, was translated unuet· the supervision of the King's nephew, v

Oaofii Krnmaphra Anuraks- cleves, Prince of the Palace to the Rear, who died in 1807. As the translrttion is not dated it may be presumed that it antedates that year. The romance deals with a period of Chine Be history prior to the IIIrcl century A.D. 'l'he other work translated was the 8amlcok, another novel dealing as its name implies with the period of the 'l'hree Kin~doms (from 186 A.D. to nbont 265 ). 'l'he work is also undated, but as it was placed by royal command under the supervision of Ohaophyi\ Phra Klang ( Hon) who died in 180ti, it may be presumed likewise to antedate that year. 'l'his has become one of the most popular prose works of olden times which, however, is still read by people at large and forms a schoolbook. Its prose is easy and it has a style of its own. Another lcu·ge translation is the RZtjadhiruj, said to have been dated 1784 and attributed again to Ohaophya Phra Klang ( Hon ). 'l'he dating of this work is complicated by the way the preface was written. It mentionecl that the tl'anslation was made nncler the royal command of Phrab:ld Somdec Phra Bnddhayodfil, which name has only been in use to designate the founder of the dynasty since about the mi follows: If in a partieulaJ' pait· of

bones the jungle bone ( mi) lHlfl threo holes, while the house ]Jonn

( hsrl) has only one the diviner says, "lfi rt, 'IJI:i neu. hsa, meanilli,Z that; ''t.he jnnl.(le has mor·e anr1 wins over the house". This l>odeH had luck or ::;ickness.

In another pair of bones snppose the arrangement

is opposite of the alHlVe and iH report.Nl Has

8rt

'J'his reading; is a prognostication of good l'or·tune.

( V·irle, Mur·Hlwll,

The Kanm Ptwple of IJurm(t, 192:!, pp.

tt lisa ruw ?m·.

:2~:2-Ri\)

'l'he Wn are in the habit. of preserving fH~oref:l oJ' ehieken bones in the thatch of the roof, which t.hey nse for tli vining the fnt.nre or ascertaining a lneky day.

'l'he elden:

HPetn

to preserve u

lucky pair in a rudely earved bamboo phial.

It appears from the above that in !;hoHI· t.ypes of divination of the var•ious tribes there is a large Jmt.l'l)(l!ltm gr•o11nd till whiult J'nrt.her invo~ol·igation slloul of the !1uslwt of the Vinnyu, ·• ReguJntinns ".

'l'he second, t.he basket. of sermons, is muelt moro voluminous' '!'hut the editors of olrl who arranged the coni ents of this Heetion were most conversanL wit.h their• work sePtnS inclispntable.

'l'he

ser•mons were art'anged in accordance with f.heir indivi1lnal IJahue. Thus, for instance, the longm· sermons are put; together in a section

called tho "Long Sermons" ( Digha. Nil•aya. ); followed by nne oi' middle length and so on.

ltach sermon, nr sutlrt, is prc::facorl hy a

record of the place anrl circumstance in whiel1 it waB doliverlltl. 'l'he thied basket,

that

of the abltidhan'l?na. or spedal

dhamma, is obviously 1ate in chronology. Its syst(;lll1 or arrangemout

is differen~ fr·om the t wn preceding bask ots, being more in thE' nature of collect,ions of seven

books of formulae

eollchmserl foJ•

memory from the general mass of the Master's teaching. '.l'hongh they are attributed to the mouth of the Buddha on the oecasion of his reputed visiL to his :mothe1·, reborn in heaven as a rleva, the nature of their wording and arnwgement points to their having been la~.et' regrouped. The guide is brought up in t.he rear hy an index of the

sutta, ot· sermons ( pp. 104-129 ), ancl an index of the titles of the .Jii.taka stories ( pp. 130-lGO). 'l'his is the first time that a Syiltematic reference publication rot· the 'l'ipital~a has been :made llVailable for Siamese i:lCholars and should be welcomed as such,

· PUBLICATION$ 0~ IN'TEREST lN OTHER JOURNAL$

Archiv orientalni Pralm ( Prague), XXII, ~-:J, 1 \lfJ·L

l!'iser, T.:

'l'hu Problem of lllo SotLhi iu lhc BucldhiaL ,lfLLakaa, 2il8-~G!i.

Arts and Letters XXVIII, :2, Hl5·L Banett, D. :

'l'l.HJ laLot' Sehool uf Awaravali anrl lls ln.fluunues, 41-f);~;

le May, H.: 'l'lw 'l'wenty-third InlomntioHal Ouugro::;s of OrioiJLaliHlH, G7-li~.

Asia no. Hi, March 1955.

Blofeld, J.:

'rl1e H.eal Message of Buddhism,

Bulletin, Ecole Gomou, P · l!'illiozat,

fran~aise

d'Extreme-Orient

Tome XLIV, fasc. ;~. 19511. Oivilisa~ions ot geographic humaiue en Mons sons,

J, :

Le

Asie

des

4G7~476;

symbolisme du monument Phnom

Ba.l{hei1 527 -554;

Marchal, H.:

Note sm la forme dn slupa au Cnmbodge, 581-590;

Maspero, E. :

Note sur 1a particularite Cambodgiens,

i

Scidenfadcn, li],:

cl n

cul to

chez los 619-642;

Kam>lc Naklwn, an aneient 1\1611 !:ll'l,tlenwnt in Siaru aud it:-J Lrea!:llll'l11:l- nf art, U4J-64t'•. · 'I'ome XLVI, fasc. 2, 1954.

uut·Ll.J.ea~:JL

Martini, F.:

.Romanisdtiou des paders 'Tay du norrl Viotmtm,

555-572; Griswold, A.B.:

Bwnze caspng in Siam, 635-G-10 •

.

82

Publications of interest in other Journals

Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. Vol. XVI,

Hln·tnn-PagP, J.:

a,

The N ttllle 'N l'lJal ',

;')92. 59i'

Vul. XVII, J.

'l'be Tonal System of 'l'ibetau (Lhasa dialect) aud the nominal phrase, 134-153.

Sprigg, H.K.:

Bulletin de la Societe des etudes indochinoises 'l'ome XXIX, nos. 2-3, 1954. Mandce, E.& Pronx, E,l\1.: L'Ame du Riz, Tome XXLX, no. -1, 1954. Filliozat, J.: Malleret, L.:

1-258;

La naissanco et l'Essor de l' Inclianisrne, 265-296; A propos d'analyses Lle bronzes archeologiques, 297-305.

East and West Yr. V, no. 3, Oct. 1954. Indian Art,

Mukherjee, Ajit:

213-218;

Yr. V, no. 4, Jan. 1%5. Radhakrishnan, S. :

'I'he Hope of HmnaniLy,

]'ill ippi & Belloni:

'l'he Ol'itical Edition of the Mahiirbharata, 265-270.

263-264;

Eastern World Vol. IX, no. 3, 1955. Tan Siew Sin:

'l'he Alliance and the Minorities in Malaya, 21-22;

A Bauglwk .Correspondent: Oatnbodia nucl King Narodom, 24-26; Ul'iewold, A, B.:

'I' he Heal King Mongkut of Siam, (a col'!'ection of 41-43 ..,

Anna and t.he .King of Siani ),

Vol. IX, no. 4, 1955 Gri::;wuld, A.B.;

'l'he Heal King 1\Iongkut, ( contd.)

,.

83

Publications of interest in other Journals

France-Asie Tome XI, Oct.-Nov. 1954. Nginn, P. :

Le Car~me bouddhique au Laos Tome XI, mars 1955

Martial, J. :

8-9;

Les problemes de l'henre

489-495;

Num6ro special sept. 1951.

Siegfried, A. :

Coedes, G.:

Asie nonve1le,

Lc XXIIIe Congrus inle•·nationale des Orientalistes, 1,159-1,162;

Nguyen, O.G. :

L'Homme vietnamien, Tome XI, avril 191'\5

Kaempffert., W.: Martial, J. :

1137 -1138;

1,169-1,174.

La Science et l'Esprit d' Asoka

527-529;

Les Suites possibles de la Conference de Bancloeng, 541-563.

Indo-Asian Culture Vol. III, no. 3, Jan. 1955. Chatterji, S.K.:

The Indian Synthesis (con tel.)

211-22Ll.

Vol. III, no. 4, April 1955. Sircar, D.C.:

Goetz, H.:

Indian Epigraphy, Hindu Elements in Indo-Muslim Art,

327-337;

338-345.

Journal asiatique Tome CCXLII, fasc- 2, 1954. Bareau, A.:

Trois traites sur les sectes bonddhiques, Mahayana,

la part,ie 229-266.

Oriental Art Vol. I, no. 1. 1955. le May, R. :

The Chronology of northern Siamese Buddha Images, . 17-21.

Publications of interest in other Journals

Pacific Affairs Vol. XXVIII, part 1, 1955. Fall, B.B. :

Indochina since Geneva,

3-25.

Royal Central Asian Journal Vol. XLI, part 1, 1954. Hall, Col. M.:

Review of the present positi011 in Indochina, M-55.

Sumer Vol. X, no. 2, 1954. Nnji !tl Asil:

Editorial Notes and Archeological Events, 107-112;

'l'he remainder of the material is devoted to snhjects which have not yet attracted mnch interest here.

Journal of World History Vol. II, no. 2, 1954. Movins, H.L.:

Palaeolithic Archeology in southern and eastern 257-B82; Asia, exclnsi>e o:E Inrlia,

Sen Gupta, N.C.:

Comparative View of Law in Ancient IIHlia,

283-302; 'l'ocla, K.:

The Effect of the First Great Impaet of westE:rn Cultme · in Japan, -129-445;

Dhani Nivat, Prince: The Reign of King Chnlalongkorn, 446-468; Kabir, H.: Indian Muslims, 476-481·i.

ACCESSIONS TO THE LIBRARY • FROM JANUARY TO MAY 1955

Books Colloritlinm on Islamic Culture in Ita Tl.elation to the Oonternpo1·ary \Yorltl, September, 1953. presented by Mrs.

Susan F. Parrish.

The European Significance of the Oder-Neisse-Territol'iea.

'l'he

Tragedy of Silesia 1945-6 ( 1953 ). presented by the German Association fo1· tbe Promotion of International Relations. Herbert Passin and Jo1m W. Bennett; 'rhe America-Edncated Japanese. I, the Student in America; Theory; Background; Images ( 1954 ). presented by Mr. Herbert Passin. Elementary Japanese for College Students ( 1944 ). List of 500 Kanji ( 194,3 ). Shiroktt Tae: How to Speak ,Japanese Romanized (1938). Naoe Naganuma: First Lessons in Nippongo ( 1944).

Basic Japanese ( 1935 ).

S. Sheba: .Japanese in 3 Weeks ( 1935 ). Seizo Yamasaki: Elementary Japanese in a Nutshell ( 1948 ). 01·este Vaccari and Mrs. Enko Elisa Vaccari: Complete Course of ,Tapanese Conversation-Grammar ( 1937) and Its Supplement. Joseph K. Yamagiwa: Modern Conversational Japanese ( 1942 ). Daisetz Teitaro Suzuki: Zen Bnddhism and Its Influence on Japanese Cultnre ( 1938 ). Kilme Ojima: Handbooks on the National Language Readers of ,Japan, Vols. VI-XII.

19 Copies of Japanese Books. presented l)y Mr. Charles N. Spinks.

86

The Religion of the Hindus ( 1953 ). Presented by Prof. P.J. Breasted. G.

Coedes: La Stele de Tuol Rolorn Tim ( 1954 ). presentod by the author.

Unesco Report by the Director General and the Executive Board on the Activities of the Ot·ganization during the Year 1953. Unesco Final Act, Conetitntion, Rules of Procedure of the General Conference. Unesco Proposed programme and Budget for 1955 and 1956. The Koran. (Arabic) presented by H.H. Prince Dhani Nivat. Conference on Cultural Freedom in Asia, Rangoon, 17-20 Februtny

1955. presented by the Embassy of Burma. Preliminary Studies on Some Philippine Languages. Papers on Philippine Linguistics. Manobo Alphabet Book. Liblub Tanay ( Tagabili Pre-Primer ). Vocabulary of Central Mindanao Manobo. Dibabaou-Mandayan Vocabulary. presented by the Summer Institute of Linguistics, Manila. Philippines. Pierre Dupont: La Version Mtme dn Narada-Jataka ( 1954 ). G. Ooedes: Inscriptions du Cambodge, Vol. VI ( 1954 ). presented by l'Ecole F:ranQaise d'Extreme-Orient. U Nu: Forward with the People ( 1955 ). presented by the Embassy of Burma. H.A. Bernatzik: Les Esprits des Feuilles Jaunes ( 1955 ). presented by M. Georges Condominas. Luang Boribal Buribhand: The History of Buddhism in Thailand ( 1955 ); 'l'he Buddha's Footprint in Saraburi Province ( 1955) presented by the author.

Indian Drama. presented by the Embassy of India. Andre Barean: Lea Seetes Bouddhiques clu Petit vuhiuule ( 1955 ). presented by l'Ecole l!'ranQaise d'Ex.lreme-Ol'ient. Mark Twain, Ernest Heni3 ).

Oha1lenge in Eastern Europe ( 195·1 ). Frederick Lewis Allen : The Big Ohauge ( l\Ji):2 ). Hugh Seton- Watson:

Ft·om Lenin to rdaleukov ( 1\!;Jl ).

David E. Lilienthal :

Big Business : a New Era ( 1953 ).

Irwin '1'. Sanders: Walter Kolarz :

Making Good Ollmmunities Better ( 195a ).

'l'he Peoples of the Soviet Far East ( 1954 ),

Hemy Bamford Parkes:

'l'he United States of Amel'ica ( 1953 ).

Dexter Pe1·kins: The Amel'icun Approach to Foreign Policy ( 1954) John Sirjamald: (1953 ).

The American Family in the Twentieth Oentnry

Frank Luther Mott: Tho New1::1 in America ( 1954 ). James 'l'ruslow Adams; 'l'he Epic of America ( 1933 ). 'l'homas Paine : Oommou Sense and Other Political Writings ( 195:3) Ann Van \>Vynen Thomas: Communism versus Int.el'national Law ( 1954 ). Graham Hutton : We Too Can P1·osper ( 1954 ), presented by the United States Book Exchange, Inc. Thomas Gladwin and Seymour B. Sarasou: 'l'rnlr: Man in P;tr·ndise ( 1953 ). Ohal'les S. Brant: 'l'adagale: A Burmese Village in 1.950 ( 1954 ). Universite Oatholique de Louvain, Progt·amme des Oours 1954-1955

(19M). presented by t,he institution.

'l'hailand. Paul Sehebnsta: Die Nc:grito A~iPtJfi, II./L Band ( Hl5·1 ).

Dt'. Yasukazu Suematsu: Studles in the History·of Silla ( 195.! ). S. Radhakrishnan: The Dhammapadu ( 1950 ).

He1;bert

Dean Meritt: Fact and· Lure abont 01;1 :l~J1glis'lr Wol'dS ( 1954 ).

89 Wayue ~. Vueinieh : ~erbia \ioCwuen gasl taken temporat'ily by Phy:t

asrristant.

Amlllmn Hajatlhon with Mi::1s

Samorn Dovahastin m\

The work of exchange which had hitherLo lwun nutlet·

the Houorat•y Libweian had become C!JlU:li·i:

l\f r.

HolJerL 1\Iuore, l\feJllliet' of

lho

National Geographic Societ.y, leeturecl on:

Betw·n to South East As-ia

1\nnual !{~port 1953

98

Natural History Section's Meetings: On lst .Jnne H)5iJ: l\h.

H1•rl icullnri~t

William BemlH•Wvr,

aitacllP11 tu :::l'l'El\I. 'l'hnil:uul, lc·etHretl on:

1' he P usw£ /Jili ty of CJ anw lhwdo J!IIUml .£ n 1' lut:i!and

Travel Section's Meetings: Frum liith-:~h1L l\Iareh 19ti:l: Kx:em·i:liUll tu Uhit·Jlglnai l1y train. 0 11 Llllt Apl'il l\15a: Exeursion tu l'aklat by molot· lrnmelws for tho annual Songkran Festival. On 2lsL November 195:3: ExeUl'sinn ou the Chao Phyli, Hivur

by M/'cl Dllani of the Ea;;t At~intic Compan~·, Ltd., for Loy KraLho11g Fe::;tival nut. In Murch 195.1 tho Society marked the fiJ:tioth annivot'S:tl'Y of ils fuuudiug hy val'ious auLiviLicH.

One was the pnblicu.i.ion of u

set of two volumes of reprints from its past 4·0 volumes of the J vurnal, uwny articles of which have lJeen in eunLinual dewuud

•

Ammnl Report 1953

99

though they were out. of print. This was made possible within a very short space of time by t.he kinrl collalJOration of t;he former United States Ambassador, Mr. Edwin F. Stanton, a member of our Cormril, who, in conjunction with tho Unit.Pd Slntes InformaUon Service in Bangkok, sought tho Jw1p of the Far Eastern Hegional Procluctiou Center of t.he U.S. Information Serviee in :Manila in reproducing these mticles by the modern technique of photo.ofl'set printing free of all chru·ges. The Socic·ty's thanks, already conveyed direct to all who had a share in this act of generosity, should lJe l'ecorcled again in this repo1·t. 'l'he Council proposes that., sub:iect to the appro·val of members of the Society, part of the proceeds of t.ho sale of this publication he set aside to form the nuelellEl of a fund for n research fellowship in either nf the lmmches of knowledge which form the aims and ob:jocts of the Society. It is only right t.hnt we should mention in this connection the fact that on the night of: the banquet ol' the celebration His Majesty the King, our Patron, grncionsly donated. a snm of Baht. 2,000 to this fund. As to the actual celebration of the anniversary, a religious thanksgiving and dictory ceremony was held in the rooms of the Society in accordance with the Buddhist usage of tho 1and, whNt a chapler pf seven abhots from Vln•ions rnonasteries officiator! anhinand, H.S.H. Prince Snbhadradis Diskul. Owing to pressure of work tlnee members of the Oonncil did not stand fot' re. election, namely: Dr. Ohaloem Purannnanda M.D., Phya Anuwat Wanaraks and "Phyf\. Arthakariya Nil>ondh. The Council upon taking office appointed the following

stancUug committees:

Annual Report 1954

102

Finance: 'rhe Senior Vice-President (H.H. Prince Prem Pnrachatra ), Chairman, Tho Honorary Secretary, The Honorary Treasurer,

Editorial: '!'he Honorary Erlitor of the Jonmal (Mr. Robert Hilton), Chairman, H.H. Prince Dhani Nivat, Kromamnn Bidyalnbl1, H.S.H. Prince Piyaranagsit Hangsit, Loader of: the Natural History Section, Mom Rajawongso Ohakrthong Thongyni, Mr. Mnrrny Sheehan, Dr. :rosc'ph S. Gould,

Exchange: Mr. Nicolai Gcelmnydon, Chairman, 'l'he Honorary Librarian, 'rlw Honora1·y Editor of the .Jomnal, 'l'he Leader of the Natural History Sectio!1, H.S.H. Prince SnblHtllradis Dislml.

Natural History: 'rhe Leader of the Naturnl History Sect.ion (H.S.H. Prince Piyarangsit Rangsit ), Chairman,

Phya Anuwat Wanaraks, The Honorary Editor of the Natural History Bnl1etin (Mom Rajawongse Clwluthong Thongyai), Mr. Ariyant Manjikul. Mom

Rajawongse Snmonajati Swasclikul was appointed

Leudelr of the 'l'ravel:Sect.ion fo~· another year~

Annual Report 1954

103

In the course of the year under review the Chairman of the Exchange Committee, Mr. Nicolai Geelmuyden, had to rei:lign from the Council owiug to this departme from thii:l country :Eor u

now lliplom a tic post Nicolai

'l'his was n real loss to the Society as Mr.

Geelmnyden haH se1·ved t,ho Society in a most capable

ma1mer anl1 tllJ'(HJgh his eillcicnt cxchaugo programme has brought

tho Society into contact with institutions ahroacl. filled by H.S.H. "l'rinco Sul.Jlwdradis Dislwl.

His position was

Mr. Nicolai Geelmny-

tlen was elected a Conesponding 1\Iember iu recognition of

his

valual.Jle services to the Society. Dr. Hobert L. Pemllelon was also invited to l.Jecomo a Corre8pmlllillg :Mom ber of tho Society. 'l'bu Olluncil hl'ltl li3 lmsinesH lllceliug::J during the year; leu rnl'ntingH wore helcl at thu J>rc~icleut's house awl lluec 1uue~ing::;

wm·o !tclcl aL the Soeiuty'i:l Home.

'l'hu Soeiety'l:l member::;hiv up to t,Jw !!llcl of .JatlUlLL'Y 1955 wu

Ordinary Mem\JerB

which is the highest on t'eCIII\l. 'l'he financial position of the Sociuty continues to L..e f:latisiaetory and at the close of the year (.he excess of receipts over expendit,ure amounts to Baht 12, 790.08.

It might be meut,iuned that the

Society has received Baht 34,314.00 f1·om the :>ale of it::! Commemorative Publication alone

and a total sum of Baht 4,100.00 was

reeuivecl frorn His Majesty

the King, H.TU-I.

The PriucaBs of

Songkhlii u.uu H.H. Pl'ince Dlwni Nlvat, Kromautun Bidyalabh a isflued in ,July 1954 and Pal't 2 in March 1.955. A Natmal Hi::Jtory Bulletin has also been published aftet· a lapse of nearly :l years (Volume XV, Part l was issued iu September 1.9;\2 ). The Society arranged the following uwet illgS cltuiug the yc•ar:

Ordinary General Meetings~ 011 24lh March HJ!J.~:

l\fom Hajawo11gHe 8umouajat i Smti:Jdilml gavu a talk on tho work of ch·al'ing the I'll im;

or

Snkhot hai,

Hll ( l

]VI[',

Rabil

Ununag gave an exhihitiun uf plwtograv!ts of Snkltothai. On 3rd June 19G4:

Unde1· the anl:lpiecs of the Cornell Hcsearch Center Mr. Kamol Kedsil'i gave a Jectmecnucert on 'l'ha·£ F'ollc Mus~ic.

On 16th .Tune 195,1:

Mr. J. Black, F.H.G.S., lectnrerl on Peki·11u, which was illustrated by coloured ::;lhles.

On 7th July 1\:l;'j,l :

Phyi'i Annmun Rn.jaclhon, :Mernbel' of the Council of the Siam Society, lectured on

Buddhist Lent. On 12th July 19:34:

Dr. ]!}dvarcl Hambro,

Registrar of the International Court of J nstice at 'l'he Hague, lectured on The Internat-ional OV'U?'t of .11-tst·ir;e.

On 11th August 1954.:

DL". Lnang Smiyabongt:Je 1\:t.D. ( Ber11o) gnve a lecture on H wnctn Nature in the Light of the Buddha's Teachings.

Onl.Sth August 1954:

Exhibition of personal films of the Society's B.oyal Patron, His Majesty the King.

On 2.3nl August Hl54:

D1·. Matilal Da8 M.A., Ph. D., Professor Emeritus uf Cuu!lJaraLiYO Philology in Llw University of Calcutta, lectured on

Bwldhism

tts ct

.

W ol'ld ll vn:e•

105

Annual Report 19S4

Onlf'lllt Septelllbf't'l954: Exhibit.ion nf 'I'he Everest Film through the courtesy of the British Information Service.

l\'fl>. Kal'l Kup, 0lll'at.or nf 'Prints and of the Spencer OoHect.iou in the New York Public Library, lect.nt·c·tl un 1'ha Art oj 8 ten ben Ulass. Ol!

~!ud

l, 50\l .·I U

reserve for l'4.48

The Bank for Cn-operativeR: fixed cl&pnsit

59.07~~.00

Baltt 70,911l.GG

Debtors: Orientalia Inc., N0w Yurk:

us $ 36.97 @ ~w.oo

7iH).40 l,lO~U7

snn0,ti4i3.ll0

incouv.• f:rom saleH

i\4.314.01 Baht

lG,B~2~l.flH

Commemorative Publication :

Baht 89,094.02 1iixamined and fonnd to ag!'ee \vith the hooks ann his eyebrows and was at once identified hy Mis'i PramlliJkunilJ· ]'rom personal pride sbo pretended not to notice it and feigning indisposition dismissed him from her pJ·ese11ce. She was now released from the spell imposed by the Great Ancestor and her form suddenly tnrned feminine. 'l'he four personal attendants were likewise similarly released from their imposed disguises. 'l'he five now took counsel and came to the conclusion thut they would leave the city in order to give no chance to ba~e l'umom·s, In the darkness of the night, therefore, they stole out to a mount where there was a nunnery and joined the sisterhood. Panji i11 the meantime called again at the residence of Misa PmmaJ)kunhJ only to fin1

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'e potteries had either been unearthed within his village of

Bun Pii. 'l'Ung ( J11~J1~~) when digging ·wells, holes for posts, etc., or had mcrPly been viekeu from the clry bed of a small stream called

Huey !I

Mu

( l1!J11Jcl)

which

drains

into

I-Iuey

Mac

Pbii.haen

I

( l11UUlJmll'rlll ).

'l'he village chief tool< me to inspeet pu, 'I'llng ( 1\;1J1~~ ). in diameter.

tl

mound behind \Vat

It was about 2 meters in height aud 10 meters

He sairl that mauy glazed botL1o8 had bccu discovered

t.ltureiu. Digging in the couter o:l' the mound, I found bricks, broken gla;t,od

pottur.ics, and

huups of hard material, presnmahly the

hardened drippings from the glaze. is an old ldln site.

It is possible that this mound

There aro two more places in tile village of

Ban PU. •ri.ing ( JHnh~~) whieh may also be the site~ of olcl kilns.

140

l\:raisd Nimmanahacminda

Upon dit~covot•ed

my thil'd

trip to 'l'amhol On 'l'ai ( ~llUCHJtJtJi~ ), I

more possible sites of old kilns, thus: 2 neat• Huey

" !II • " • •I ) , l near IT Mo ( 111!:l11JJCJ ), 0 near Hney Cham Pa- Bon ( 11'JU'il1U11Jfl'W -:tueJ'

"

"

"

~ ), 2 near Huey Nam Hak ( 111Ul~11JH1 ~ Makhonam ( 1W.JJJ:l:'lltllJl ), and 2 uear Iltwy Poo La em

sll'eanis

,, "'i! ( 1-!11J mnm ).

'l'he::~e

::;ites are always near

'~hiclt dt•nin into Hu~y Mae Pbahaon ( ,.f-wu~r-JHI\1\J) or Huey

" ' ). All sites lie wHltin a disLanee of not more l\fm• Litn ( muliJJtmJ than 3 kilometers from onH) there is a wctt, called by the villagers, Wat Oltiengsaon ( ,"~1·1u~uen~

).

Within !;his weLt I foull\l a stone

inscription half blll'iecl in the gt'6unu. characters, tclliug

cecl·i

I

lU:l

It i8 writLeu in Sukhodaya

alJout the construction of a vihara and a

and i.he casting of 5

hl'OllZC

images of the Buddha.

'l'he

inscription gives the name of the wat as Sala Kalyana Mahantarii.m

( ntm"M1!1W1fm•m1JJ ).

Peince

Atijavaiiana

Pavarasiddhi

( 11i\a~'tl1tlJ1!1lU17ff'VIn ), titled Miin Dii.L Ruan ( miu~nHiau ), was the ehiof oi• leading douur fot· Lho fouudalion of the wnt in the year of the Monkey, O.S. 850 ( B.K 2031, A.D. lt188 ), rl'L.is stone iuseri]Jtlun has now Leeu relliuved bo the wuseuru of Budclhasathii.n ( l'!Yilir.Hill.J ) at Ohiengmai.

141

Sangcnliar heacl-rlr·ess consisting of two pieces, one of which is shaped like a diadem and matle of silver.

'l'he married woman's lwall-clrns8 is a t.all pointed cap,

not nnlike those of European ladiPs nf the lilth and 14th ec•ntnries, 'l'he Akhn womrm at·e i.ltns far from bc,ing unattractive, and the writ.er remembers having met a gronp nf thesn preUy Akhn gil'IH on the Doi Suthep in 193G. 'l'he Akha wonH2-ll aro alHo gay and free and clo not allow their men folk to oppress them. The Akha possess eertain myths acermling to one of whiclr their former homA was tho region hd,wt'en the Rhan StatoR and the Ho co11ntry (extreme north of Laos). 'l'hfl Akha waJ·reridegx·oom mnkes a sacrifice of four pigs and a dog. 'J'he latter is sacl'iflced in h?nonr of the manes of the house. 'l'he Lawn of Bulnang in North Siam also sacrifice dogs as a part of their marriage ceremonies 2· 'l'he marriage ceremony occnpies several giving a detailed description of a Rhades communal house ( p. 230) when, as M. Condominas points out, the Rhades most certainly do not have ~~omm1mal houses. ( 2) Among thu more star·tling ide:~s popularized by this

volume are that ''primitives'' are everywhere pretty much alike, that contemporary "pl'imitives '' wherever fonncl are somehow ''ancestors'' of "superior" races, that "primitive" cultures are unchanging, and t,hat western Europeans are the culmination of human evolution. 'l'his thin1dng smac1's of the ill-advised 19thcentury evolutionism, which presumably went out with the advent of mo of Llw Aynclhy Khrue1·e t.ll. Sr•n li~volution, Texte et Planches (19flf'l).

Periodicals (Hecei\ed in exdwngP unless othm·wise indicated) Acltt Biologica Vnneznela, Vol. I, Al'ts. 10-li!. Acta Geologica Taiwanica, No. l), 1954. American Historical Review, the, VoL LX, Nos. 13-4. Presented by M.C. A.:javadis Dis1m1. American Musenm of. N'Rtnra1 History, Bulletin of the, Vol. 10!1, Article~ 4-5; Vol. 10l1, Artic1e!l ].4 Ameriean Oriental Snciet.y, .Jonrnal of thr>, Vol. 30, Pts. 1-3; Vol. ol, No. 4:: Vol. Gi3, No. J; Yol. li4, No.4~ Vol 68, No. 't; Vol. 69, Nos. 2-3; Vol. 70, Nos 1, 2, 4; VoL 73, Nos, 1, 3. Pres()nted by th0 U.S. Boolt Exchange, Inc. Ame.t'iean Oric•ntal Rociet.y, Snpplem~nt to the ;Jonrnal or t.he, Nos.

12, 15.

,',:1

201

Presented by the U.S. Book Exchange, Inc. Ananai, the, Vol. 6, Nos. 3-9, 11-12 Presented by H.H. Prince Dhani Nivat. Archiv Orientulni, XXIII, 1-2. Arldv fur Botanik, Andra Serien, Baud 3, Hafte 1.2. Arkiv fUr Zoologi, Audra Serien, Band 7, Hii,fte 4-6; Band 8, Hafte 1-5. Asian Review, Vol. LI, Nos. 185-186. Baessler-Archiv, Neue Folge, Band III, (XXVIII. Band). Berichten van de Afdeling Tropische Proclucten van het Koninklijk Instituut voor de 'l'ropen, Nos. 245, 248, 249. Bibliogt•aphy of Scientific Publications of South Asia (India, Bm•ma, Oeylon), No. II, January-June, 1954. Bombay Natural Histot•y Society, ;rournal of the Vol. 52, No. 4; Vol. 53, No. 1;e:oindex and Title Page, Vol. 51, Nos. 3-4. Burma, Vol. V, Nos. 3-4. Presented by the Embassy of Bm·ma. Burma Research Society, Journal oE the, Vol. XXXVII, Pts. 1-2; Vo1. XXXVIII, Pt. 1. Burma Weekly Bulletin, New Series, Vol. 4, Nos. 5-33. Presented by the Embassy of Burma. Ceylon Historical Journal, the Vo1. IV. Nos. 1-4 Cite, la, Janvier 1955, P1•esented by the Legation of Belgium. Depm•tment. of Archaeology and Anthropology, Bulletin of the, No.

5, 1955. East and West, Year VI, Nos, 1-2 Easte).'n Europe's Monitor, Vol. I, Nos. 1.4. EOA.FE Library, Classified Check-List of Periodicals, Currently Received, 30 June 1955. Presented by H.II. Prince Dhani Nivat.. Eacuela Naclonal de Ciencias Biologicas, Annales de la, Vol. VIII, Nums. 1-2. Foreign Affairs, Vol. 32, No. 3; Vol. 33, Nos. 2·4. Presented by M.O. Ajavadis Diskul. Fragmenta Entomologica, Vol. ·II, Fasc. 1.3. France-Asia, Tome XI, Nos. 107 -110; Tome XII, Nos. 111·113.

202 Gerfaut, le, 1955, Fascicules U~III. Gna LihE>ration Council Bulletin, June 1955, No. 4. Hindu Weekly Review, the, Vol. III. Nos. 22-23, 25-36. Presented by the Indian Information Service Bangkok. Hitntsuhashi Academy, the Annals of the, Vol. V, No.2; Vol." VI,

No. 1. Indo-Asian Onltnre, Vol. IV, Nos. 1-2. InrlonE>sian Journal fot· Natlll'al Science, Vol. III, Nl'. 1, 2, 3. Institut fut Anslandsbt'ziehungen, 5 Jahrgaug, Nummer 3{4 Institnt Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Bulletin, Tome

XXX, Nos. 1-37; Meruoil'es, Me moire Nos. 126-1:!9; Memoires, 2e Sel'i..,, Fasc. 52. lntemational Journal of ExperiruE'ntal Botany, Vnl. 5, l!'as. I. Israel R1>view, the, Vol. I, Nos. 8, 10. Presented by the Legation of IsraeJ.

r

Italia, 1955, 10-13. Italian Affuirs, Vol. IV, N••S. 2-5. Japanese Journal of Etbnnlogy, the, Vol. 19, Nos. 1-2.

Journal Asiatiqut>, 1'ome CCXLII, Fal:lcicule No. 3-4. Kambujasnriya (Khmer), Vol. 27, Nos. 1-8. Koninklijk lnBtitnnt Voor de 'l',•open, Jaarvet•slag 1954. Kurukshetra, Vol. 3, No. 10. Malayan Branch Royal Asiat.icSociety, Journal of the, Vol. XXVIII,

Pt·. 3. Mie Medical Journal, V.)l. IV. No. 2. Ministry of Health Nt·ws, the, year 25, Nos. 1-3. Prel:lt>nted by the Ministry of Health. Mitt·asal'a (Thai), 9th Year, Nos. 266-2ti7, Presented by the British Information Service. Mnseo de Oi\"ncias Natut•al!:'s, Btin rlel, Tome I, No.1. Museum National oi'Hiatoire NatnrellP, Bulletin du, 2e Serie, Tome XXVli, Nos. L-3. Museum of Comparativt> Zuology at. Harvard College, Annual Report of the Di rectot' of the, 1053-1954. Mnsenm of Compat·alive Zoology, Bt•e.viora. Nos. 42.48. Museum of Comparative Z,oology at !l,a1·vard C9llege, Bulletin of tbe 1

203

Vol. 112, No. 6; Vol. 123, Nos. 1-7; Vol. 114, No.1. :Museum of Fine Arts, Bulletin of the, Vol LIII. Nos. 292-293. Museums fur Volkm1kunde zn Leip~ig Jahrbnch des, Band XIII. Muslim World, the, Vol, XLV, Nos, 3-4. OriPntal Art, New Series, Vol. I, Nos. 2-3. Oriental Studies, Joumal of, Vol. II, No. 1. Overseas Hindnstan Times, the, Vol. VI, .Nos. 21-36, 38.39, 41. Presented by the Indian Information Service Bangkok. Padfic Science, Vol. IX, Nos. 2-4. Pacific Science Association Information Bulletin, Vol. 7, Nos. 4-5. Public Health News (Thai) Vol. 25, Nos. '1-5. Revue Horticole de l'Algirie, 59e ann6e, No. 4. School of Ot•iental and African Studies, University of Londou, Bulletin of tho, Vol. XVII, Parts 2-3. Science DPpai'tlnellt News (Thai), the, Vols. 7-8. Si!'iraj Hospital Gazet.te ('l'hai), Vol. 6, Nos. 10-12; Vol. 7; Nos. 1-7. Smithsonian rnstitution, Annual Report of thE', 1954. Societe d(•s Etudes Indochinoises, Bulletin de la, Nouvelle Sel'ie, 'rome XXX, Nos. 1-:~. South Pacific Commission Revie\v of Publications. Spanish Cnltnral Index, lOth Ye::w, Nos. 110.115. 8um.En·, Vol. XI, No. 1. Tamil Culture, Vol. III, Nos. 1-4; Vol. 4, Nos. 1-3. Thought & word, Vol. I, No, 2. 'l'ohi'igakn, No. 10. Toyo Gakuht"i, Reports of the Oriental Society, the, Vol. XXXVII Nos. 3-4. Unesco Monthly Bulletin, June-August 1955; Novembet• 1955. United Nations News, July-Sept- 1955; Oct..-Dec. 1955. United StatPS National Museum Bulletin, 206. United States Quarterly Bonk Review, the, Vol. II, No. 1. U nivorsity of Calif"rnia Publication in Entomology, Vol. 10, Nos. 3-5. University of California Publications in Zo::ilngy, Vol. 59, Nos. 5.6.

IN MEMORIAM

Professor, Dr. phil. Poul Toxen Professor 'l'uxen, an Honorary l\iembel' of 'l'he Siam Society, passed away on Ma~7 29, 1955, at the age of 74. He belonged to that distinguished category of humanistic savants who in our :materialistic age are often valued less than the inventors o~ dia. bolical weapons. But to those whose hearts are Get. on the search for the ·6ruths of human thought and culture l't·ofessor 'fuxen wm long be remembet•cd and honot•ed. Professor 'l'uxen was born on December 8, 1880 in Ifrederiksberg .( Copenhagen), D(•nmarl>, the son of a prof:esi:\or and the· grandson of a naval captain who fought against the Germans in 1848. After having finished college Professor 'fnxen took up the study of the German language, obtaining his M.A. in 1903. From 1903 to 1928 he was attached to the Royal Library iu Copenhagen. Meanwhile, be httd taken up the study o:C Sanskrit in which he J'eceived his Doctor's degree in 1911. In 1921-2'2 he went, to tho East for tbe first time. By then Professor Tuxen had already begun the study of Indian philosophy and the teachings of the Buddha. and in O!'der to deepen his knowledge of Buddhism be came to Bangkok. Here, thanl;::s to the kind assistance of his late Hoyal Highness, Prince Damrong I{ajanubhab, Professor Tuxen had the. good fortune of meeting the late Phra Sasana Sophon (later Somdeth Phra Puttha Kosacbarya ), then abbot of the Wat 'l'hepsirindr nwn~tstery, who was to act as his intet•preter. In 1928 Professor Tuxen was appointed a pl'oferJsor in Oriental philology at the Copenhagen Univet•sity. Be retired in 1950 because of age. Professor .Tuxen· was the author of many outstanJing publi· cations, of which a few a1•e: Yoga, a S·urvey of the. Systematic PhUosoplty of the Yoga ( 1911 ); An Indian Primer of Philosophy ( 1914); and Buddha, His Teaching, its T1·adition and its Lifo 'l 1oday { 1928 ). A big tree has fallen in the forest but posterity ·will not forget Professor Tuxen and his outstanding wot•k. Peace to his a~:~hes und honour to his memo1•y from one of his many sorrowing

&rik J)eidenfaden 8m·genfri, Drmmark .T~~ly

195/i.

•

'•: