Johannes Zukertort: Artist of the Chessboard 9056914960, 9789056914967

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Citation preview

Johannes ZUKERTORT

Artist of the Chessboard JIMMY ADAMS NEW iN CHESS

Compiled and edited by Jimmy Adams

Johannes Zukertort Artist of the Chessboard

New In Chess 2014

Contents

Explanation of Symbols Introduction by J. Adams

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8 9

Part One - The Articles Zukertort by H. Golombek Zukertort by F. Reinfeld

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Zukertort in Germany by 0. Koch

Zukertort and Anderssen by C. Sander

The Chess Crichton by 1.0. Howard Taylor The Zukertort Legend by]. Adams

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The Chess Apostlen.from Westminster Papers Death ofDr. Zukertort by L. Hoffer

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Steinitz on Zukertort by W Steinitz

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A Portrait ofDr.Zukertort by Rev. G.A. MacDonnell

].H.Zukertort: An English Appreciation by J.G. Cunningham ].H.Zukertort: A German Appreciation by H. van Gottschall. In Commemoration of].H.Zukertort by]. Mieses Zukertort's Breakdown by]. Adams

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Zukertort and Steinitz by Y. Neishtadt Zukertort Jottings by various authors

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12 13 15 18 21 24 26 28 32 36 41 47 51 54 59 94

Part Two - The Games Zukertort's Tournament and Match Record ........................ 112 Tournament and MatchData ................................... 114 StudentYears inBreslau 1862-1867 ............................. 117

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]ohannes Zukertort Berlin- Match with Anderssen 1868 ............................ 136 Tournaments at Aachen 1868, Hamburg andBarmen 1869............ 148 Victory over Anderssen 18 71 .................................. 181 London 18 72 and Match with Steinitz ........................... 201 City of London Handicap 1874 ................................. 210 Match with Potter 18 7 5 ...................................... 225 Simpson'sDivan Tournament and WorldBlindfold Record, London 187 6 ... 25 8 Match withBlackburne and Tournaments at Leipzig and Cologne 1877 ..... 277 Paris 1878................................................. 302 Matches with Owen 1878 and Minchin 1879 ...................... 327 Match with Rosenthal 18 8 0 ... ... ... .... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... 341 Match withBlackburne andBerlin Tournament 18 81 ................ 362 Vienna 1882 ............................................... 395 London 1883 .............................................. 407 Tour of U.S.A. 18 83�18 84 ..................................... 43 8 Tour of Europe 1885......................................... 465 World Championship Match with Steinitz 1886 .................... 47 5 Tournaments in London and Nottingham 18 8 6 .................... 498 British Chess Club Handicap, Match withBlackburne and Frankfurt 1887 ... 506 Last Tournaments in London 18 87 �18 88 ......................... 519

Game List ................................................. 531 Indexof Players............................................. 539 Index of Openings .......................................... 541

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Introduction It is now over 100 years since the death of]ohannes Hermann Zukertort, one of the great players of chess history, who paradoxically is remembered today more for talents he did not possess than for his truly remarkable chess gifts. After his defeat in the first official world championship match to Steinitz in 188 6 and his untimely death two years later, the chess world failed to preserve the memory ofZukertort by publishing a collection of his chess masterpieces. A Swed­ ish book, virtually unobtainable today, did appear in 1912 - but this did not do full justice to Zukertort's illustrious chess career. Apart from that publication, only a handful of Zukertort's games have found their way into chess books and magazines since his death, while even fewer writers have drawn attention to his contributions to the art and science ofchess. The present volume is an attempt to bring to the notice of today's chess world these chess masterpieces and re-establish Zukertort to his rightful place in chess history as an important link between the old combinational style and modern posi­ tional tendencies. At heart, Zukertort remained an artist of the chessboard, follow­ ing in the Romantic traditions of his teacher Adolf Anderssen and the legendary Paul Morphy. However, because of the increase in chess knowledge and refinement of technique, Zukertort was obliged to ally his enormous tactical ability to modern methods. Zukertort was a most diligent, profound and accurate analyst, with a tremendous amount of opening theory stored in his astonishing memory. His dash and bril­ liance, combined with soundness in building up an attack and precision in calculat­ ing variations, made him a very dangerous opponent and resulted in the produc­ tion of a great many elegant games. He was also an excellent endgame player. Unfortunately Zukertort's breakdown in health and premature death not only prevented him from challenging Steinitz to a return match but also did not allow him to further develop several innovative closed and queen's pawn openings, with which he had engaged himself in the latter part of his career. Like Steinitz, he was a pioneer, and in the path of discovery at times he made errors of judgement or un­ dertook mistaken plans; but once on the right track he would push an advantage home in the most forceful, direct and clear-cut fashion. Personally, a very likeable and sociable man, he gave up the editorship of the Neue Berliner Schachzeitung in 18 72 and left his home in Germany, in a state of poverty, to make a living as a chess professional in England. Here, he rapidly became accepted as an integral part of the London chess scene and was attached to the prestigious St.George's Chess Club. He also was elected an honorary member of the City of London Club, played chess for side-stakes at the famous Simpson's Divan, travelled far and wide giving blindfold and simultaneous displays, and of course competed in matches and tournaments. In addition he was very active as a chess journalist, 9

]ohannes Zukertort

firstly as games editor for the Westminster Papers, then as a contributor to the City of and finally as co-editor of the Chess Monthly which he founded in 18 79 with Hoffer.

London Chess Magazine

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The present book contains a selection of Zukertort's best casual, odds, simulta­ neous, blindfold, consultation, match and tournament games. The notes are mainly by Zukertort himself from the above-mentioned periodicals, and his arch-rival Steinitz, who ran a magnificent chess column in The Field. Other commentators are indicated at the end of each game. In the first part of the book have been assembled a collection of the best articles and extracts about Zukertort, most of which were written by his contemporaries, people who actually knew him. These give biographical details and pen-portraits of Zukertort, the man and his work. The introductory comments under 'Zukertort' are taken from Harry Golombek's 'Chess: A History' and Fred Reinfeld's 'The Human Side of Chess.' The 'Zukertort in Germany' essay has been adapted from a long narrative in Deutsches Wochenschach 1913. The eye-witness account of Zukertort and Anderssen has been translated from Van Gottschall's German book on Anderssen. The warm tribute 'The Chess Apostle' comes from the Westminster Papers, while the Rev. G.A.MacDonnell's witty, but wonderfully human portrait of Zukertort is in fact a chapter from his Knights and Kings of Chess. Hoffer gives us a first-hand report of his friend and eo-worker's last hours in an obituary taken from Chess Monthly. The German appreciation by Van Gottschall, giving personal details not found elsewhere, is a contribution from the Deutsche Schachzeitung, while the English appreciation by Cunningham, and the assessment by Steinitz, are extracted from the International Chess Magazine. A mod­ ern evaluation of Zukertort, particularly in relation to Steinitz, is provided by the eminent Soviet chess historian, Neishtadt, from his Russian book The First World Champion. Furthermore, Mieses' reliable and objective 'Commemoration of ].H.Zukertort' which appeared in the British Chess Magazine in 1942 as a centenary memorial article of Zukertort's birth, is reproduced courtesy of former editor Ber­ nard Cafferty. Finally, I wish to thank Brian Reilly and Ken Whyld for providing me with further reference material used in this book. As a postscript, it gives me great pleasure to express my appreciation of the spirited English grandmaster Stuart Conquest, who in 2011 took the initiative to rediscover and unearth Zukertort's sunken and overgrown grave at Brompton cemetery, West London. His subsequent cooperation with Dr Marek Stella-Sawicki, Chairman of the Polish Heritage Society, then led to the erection of an elegant new headstone, which was rededicated with full religious rites at a well-attended ceremony held on 2 6 June 2012. You can see a picture of the high point of this ceremony on page 529. Jirnrny Adorns London 2014

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Part One The Articles

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11

Johannes Zukertort

Zukertort Despite a career that stopped as it were halfway, Zukertort is dearly one of the chess immortals and there is about his best games a sort of resilient and shining splen­ dour that no other player possesses. He was a very fine combinationalist, and he had more experience and command of dose positions than, say, Blackburne. His weakness was a variability that was due to a highly-strung nervous system. He was a great player who might well have become a most worthy world champion had his life-span not more or less coincided with that of a still greater figure, Wilhelm Steinitz. One of the most talented players of all time, one of those who carry with them the aura of certain genius, indeed it is arguable that in skill and ability he was the equal of Steinitz, but that he was handicapped by being physically weaker. It is unfortunate, but nevertheless one of the hard facts oflife among chess masters, that physical matters played an all-important role in something which ideally speaking, should concern and depend upon the mind only. Harry Golombek

12

Zukertort Zukertort's victory in the London International Tournament had been so over­ whelming that in the eyes of many people he was the rightful World Champion. Naturally, it was a view with which Steinitz disagreed. He pressed Zukertort hard for a match to decide the issue, but much time was wasted in swapping insults. More time was wasted in a punctilious wrangle about who was to be regarded as the present World Champion, and, who, consequently, was supposed to be the challenger! When the dramatic struggle began in 1886, it was in fact the first official match for the World Championship. Here it is necessary to discard the Zukertort legend. The accepted version is that Zukertort was a superficial player whom Steinitz crushed because of his superior planning ability. I cannot see that Steinitz gains much credit when his adversary is condemned so sweepingly; the fact is that Zukertort was a great player, but Steinitz was even greater! Steinitz won the contest because he was the better player, but the reason for his victory has been obscured. As can be seen from the progress of the match, it was the old Steinitzian tenacity that once more brought him victory. Steinitz later admitted that Zukertort 'was the strongest player we ever came across'. But he immediately qualified this by questioning Zukertort's originality. The reason for this is interesting: unlike Chigorin, Zukertort heartily believed in the theory elab­ orated by Steinitz. But Zukertort disputed Steinitz's claim to exclusive authorship of that theory! Zukertort viewed his own style as the ideal blend of the old combinative school with the modern positional trend. (His annotations con­ stantly invoke the principles of positional play. Later writers have ignored these annotations, and are consequently unaware of Zukertort's comprehension of the positional style.) Zukertort had two big points in his favour. While he loved the Evans Gambit, he actually specialized in close openings with l.d4. It is of course impossible to play these openings and achieve satisfactory results without a thorough understanding of position play. The other point in his favour was that he never indulged in the wild eccentricities favoured by Steinitz. He could therefore say with justice that he not only understood position play, but actually applied it in his own games; whereas Steinitz, so the argument would run, recommended the positional style but often went counter to it in his games. The result was a running argument between Steinitz and Zukertort which went on for years, in the course of which each master shouted: 'My Modern School is better than your Modern School!' Unfortunately. Zukertort finished the match in a state of collapse, and went back to London a shattered man. The match literally killed him: he never regained his skill or his health and after several shocking failures he was stricken with a cerebral 13

Johannes Zukertort hemorrhage on 19th June 1888, while playing a game. He never recovered con­ sciousness, and died the next day.

This great artist, who could have prospered in any one of twenty professions. lived and died for chess. yet his legacy to the chess world - his beautiful games has vanished into obscurity.

14

Fred Reinfeld

Zukertort in Germany Many people have counted J.H.Zukerton amongst the Russian-Jewish section of the population, from whom he probably gained his knowledge of Russian people's life and his ability to speak the Jewish people's dialect. In fact he had spent his youth in a region where the Jewry played a great role, since he was born in Lublin (Russian­ Poland) and grew up in Warsaw and Petrikau. However, there was a basis for this in that his father was an evangelist, who carried out missionary work amongst the Jews, to convert them to Christianity. Also the first name of our chess master points to the fact that he was born a Christian. Zukertort was born on 7 September 1842. He attended the Gymnasium at Petrikau for about a year, then received a complete classical education at the Maria Magdalena Gymnasium at Breslau, in which town his father had taken up residence in 1855.ln 1858 he made his first acquaintance with chess. which he learned from a fellow-student and very soon looked upon as being more interesting than draughts. However, his first real education in chess came when he enrolled as a medical student at the University and Anderssen recognised him as an up and com­ ing talent. After Anderssen had for a while given the young student a knight, he soon went over to playing without odds, and many games were exchanged between the two of them. Many of these Von Gottschall collected in his book on Anderssen, whereas their original publication can only be found by carefully and laboriously going through copies of the Neue Berliner Schachzeitung. Also in this magazine Zukertort talked about chess life in Posen, where his family had now moved to. This is all the more valuable in that, apart from a correspon­ dence game against the Berlin club, nothing else had been written about chess in this town. Zukertort himself wrote that he visited Posen for the first time in 1861 and did not find much in the way of encouragement. Things were better in 18 62, when Von Gottschall moved there and founded a new chess club, which admittedly was not very active after his departure. Nevenheless interest was not lost and later on Zukerton was able to report favourably, although a number of games played by Zukertort and given in the Neue Berliner Schachzeitung show that nobody in Posen could put up a successful resistance against the future master. For the historically minded it is enough to state that these games from the Neue Berliner Schachzeitung are the oldest examples of Zukertort's praxis that we have. If the knight odds games against the opponent 'Z', published in the book on Anderssen, should hint at Zukertort, then we would have before us the earliest examples ofZukertort's play. Up to 1867 Zukertort 's name had not been seen in magazines devoted to chess. In this year, for the first time, games by Zukertort were published- in the Deutsche Schachzeitung; these were from a series of 20 games which he had played with Victor Knorre. Also we find his name for the first time in the Neue Berliner Schachzeitung, from the point when he took on the editorship of this magazine. As is well-known, it was founded by Gustav Neumann, who slaved away in Berlin on a IS

Johannes Zukertorc

periodical in which he could advance his own ideas and mostly publish his games against Anderssen. In 1 867 Neumann went to Paris and for the time being did not return to Germany. Thus the editorial chair of the Neue Berliner Schachzeitung had become vacant and the publisher, ].Springer, substituted Zukertort for Neumann. From August 1 86 7 the numbers were filled with articles, analyses and games by Zukertort. In particular, a great deal of analysis was published by him in these issues, which he then brought together in a book Theory of the Openings of the 807 games of thefirst six years of the Neue Berliner Schachzeitung. We also mention further publications from his hand. With Dufresne, he brought out a Guide to the Game of Chess (C.Schweigger) , with 42 illustrative games. Earlier, starting in 1 862, had appeared in 1 3 supplements, Complete and easy to understand chess instruction in 48 lessons, a major work by Dufresne, which was later re-published under the title The Great Chess Handbook, with 3 1 8 illustrative games, and with Zukertort as co-author. Meanwhile in 1 868 Zukertort played his teacher Anderssen a so-called match, which in fact turned out to be only a series of casual games, which did not attract public interest. Anderssen was the winner with + 1 1 = 1 -4. Also 24 offhand games were played with Zukertort coming out ahead + 1 1 =3 - 1 0 . It should also be men­ tioned that the match Zukertort won against Anderssen +5 =0 -2 in Berlin 1 8 7 1 , cannot be regarded as such, since it was only a number of serious games on which, win or lose, not very much depended. Nevertheless it is surprising that, when Zukertort talked of this as a match in the Neue Berliner Schachzeitung, Anderssen, who was then still titled as first editor, did not object to this at the time; either the report did not bother him that he should edit it, or he was then of another opinion. Also here Zukertort won the round of casual games + 1 8 =5 -14. Zukertort was also distinguishing himself as a blindfold player. After branching out from the Anderssen school he began to give blindfold displays in Berlin, which were reported by a friend of his in the Neue Berliner Schachzeitung. Admittedly, there were no well-known names amongst his opponents, but that is not what mattered; the main thing was that Zukertort, as reported by all the eye-witnesses, made his moves very quickly and constantly showed his class. Thus, for example, we men­ tion these early blindfold exhibitions in Berlin: 2 1 January 1868 at Arnim's Hotel +4 -2 = 1 after 5 hours play; 3 February 1868 at Cafe Weiland +6 -1 =0 after 6 hours play; 1 6 March 1 868 at Cafe de Baviere +4 -4 =I; 2 March 1869 +8 1 =2 after 41/2 hours; and 26 July 1 869 in Hamburg + 7 = 1 - I after 4Y2 hours. In 1 869 was published (again by ].Springer) A Collection of Selected Chess Problems, Studies and Game Positions, with in fact 1 7 6 problems 2-14 moves deep, including two composed by Zukertort himself, I 0 conditional mates, 28 self-mates, 28 studies and 40 game positions, with 282 diagrams in all. This book became the cause of a highly unpleasant quarrel which undoubtedly made Zukertort very bitter and also provided unwelcome material for the readers. In the Leipziger Schachzeitung (later the Deutsche Schachzeitung) came forth a critic, in fact Minckwitz, who did not give the book a very decent review, particularly with regard to the introduction and the two Zukertort problems. It seems that Zukertort's pride was sorely hurt and the ensuing personal conflict overflowed into the pages of their respective magazines. -

16

Zukertort

in

Germany

The Franco-Prussian War interrupted the dispute. But it broke out again on the occasion of the publication of the Baden tournament games of 1 8 7 0 . An apparently harmless remark by Zukertort that he had published more games from Baden than any other magazine aroused Minckwitz's hellish anger and in the first number of

I 8 7 I he turned against Zukertort and sought

to provoke

him. Naturally

Zukertort was not found wanting and re­ plied in an equally massive fashion. Whether the readers were happy with the way the editors unleashed their re­ sentment against each O£her and spoke their mind, was not asked.

I consider that this literary feud prob­ ably had even further consequences. As is well known, a special book was pub­ lished on the Congress of the West Ger­ man Chess Federation, held at Krefeld

1 8 7 1 , but this did not appear for a num­ ber of years. The games played there thus first became known through this book. Equally, in the Deutsche Schachzeitung, a

Johannes Zukertort

book was announced for the further congresses of 1 8 7 1 in Wiesbaden, Ems and Leipzig. However this did not see the light of day and so only a very few games became known from these congresses. There is an obvious suspicion that Minckwitz, who took part in all these con­ gresses, had forcibly obtained the sole rights for publication of the games, and Zukertort wanted the opportunity of preseming the games in his rival magazine. As a matter of fact, games are hard to find from these events and, apart from one odd example, only games by Stern in Wiesbaden and Ems were published- in the Neue Berliner Scltachzeitung

-

and it is presumed that Stern himself sent these to

Zukertort. One can well imagine that these trifles and petty goings-on, together with other problems, had a bad effect on Zukertort's editorship, so that at the end of 1 8 7 1 the Neue Berliner Schachzeitung ceased publication. And this happened rather abruptly.

There was no announcement that the magazine would stop ; also there were no solutions to the chess problems of the final month; all the signs are that the cessa­ tion of publication was sudden and not anticipated. In addition to this, Zukertort had decided to leave Germany and go to London where he hoped to find more favourable ground for a chess master, and in this he proved to be right... 0. Koch

Johannes Zukertort

Zukertort and Anderssen In 1868, when I came to Berlin as a young student, there was a lively chess scene in certain confectioners' shops, but the club nights of the Schachgesellschaft were '

'

sometimes very poorly attended. To stimulate the chess enthusiasts once a year the ,

'Schachgesellschaft' invited the German grandmaster Anderssen to play chess in the holiday period, and then the picture changed tremendously. Interest was aroused in the noble game, which amounted to real enthusiasm, but which soon waned again after the departure of the chess colossus Professor from Breslau. The leaders of the Berlin chess world at that time were Jean Dufresne, an old chess-friend of Anderssen. and Hermann Zukertort , a young chess-pupil of the master, then editor of the

Neue Berliner Schachzeitung.

Dufresne. an easy-going

dark-complexioned man, who had to give up his journalistic career because of defective hearing, found a modest, but adequate living through his literary activi­ ties that were not solely related to chess. Zukertort, a reddish-blond slightly built young man, a genius in chess, lived in constant financial difficulties, since Berlin at that time was no ground for a professional chess player, just like today. Being a young chess amateur, I naturally endeavoured to get in touch with the Berlin chess circle, and I had the good fortune not only to become acquainted with the two above-mentioned chess stars, but also gradually to become friends with them. The name of Anderssen at that time dominated the whole German chess world. Morphy had already disappeared from the scene. Despite his victory over Anderssen, Steinitz was still not regarded as his equal, and L.Paulsen's cautious play was not classed in the same league as the combinationally rich and deeply thought out attacking style ofthe 'old master' from Breslau. Dufresne confided in me that earlier Anderssen had toyed with the idea of becoming a professional chess player. When Anderssen made a trip to the London

tournament of 1851, he had a serious conversation with Dufresne on this matter. Rumour had it that in London a talented chess player could receive fame, honour and money in abundance, and, whilst he was present in the British capital,

Anderssen wanted to explore the grounds for this and try to find out whether this rumour was true. Dufresne promised to follow on afterwards if it was so. Well, Anderssen indeed returned home from the London tournament with a

purse full of money, b ut his investigations into the aforementioned course of action had disillusioned him completely and so there was no longer any question of this. ,

Anderssen's trip to London had only been made possible because the Berlin friends had clubbed together and advanced the cost of it. After his return. Anderssen immediately paid off these debts and a goodly sum was left over for himself. In addition, he had suddenly acquired a world-wide reputation.

Above all, Anderssen's stay in Berlin during the Easter fair of 1871 remains in my

memory, since at that time I was i ntroduced by Zukertort to the 'old master' and had the honour of playing a few games with him. Play took place in the club 18

Zukertort and Anderssen

premises of the 'Schachgesellschaft' (there is no longer any trace of it today) . Anderssen appeared every morning at about 10 o'clock and he would then play all day long, sometimes until midnight. Upon his arrival in Berlin, Anderssen was taken from the railway station to his hotel by Zukertort and some close friends, and these turned up the same evening with him at the chess club where immediately the fight began. First of all, Zukertort asked: 'Herr Professor, have you brought along anything new?' Yes the old master had something new. At that time the Compromised De­ fence to the Evans Gambit was very much in favour, since the counter-gambit ... bS was seen as a completely winning refutation of White's attack. Against ... bS was matched Anderssen's new move 'ii'b3-b2 , after �c4-d3. At first Anderssen won a few games against Zukertort with this new move, but this had less to do with the move than with the dashing play of the 'old master' and the novelty of the thing. Zukertort had confided in me that he was thinking about playing a match with Anderssen, and as we plodded our way homewards, he returned to this idea, which was foremost in his mind. I drew his attention to his total failure in the first eve­ ning's play, but he replied excitedly that he expected to beat Anderssen without fail. His confidence was based, he told me, on his detailed knowledge of Anderssen's peculiarities. As White, so he explained to me, Anderssen would without doubt play his new move in his favourite Evans Gambit. 'I am no longer afraid of this move at all. Black's game is still superior. At worst it would turn out to be a drawn game. But when playing White, I would win every time with the Vienna Game, since Anderssen's defence with ...�cS followed by . . . c6, bS, aS. �a6, is inferior, even though he has already won so many games with it.' And now he explained to me that he had analysed this method of play in detail and found that Black will be lost in every case. Anderssen, however, would not give up his defensive system. Well, on the following day, when Zukertort came out with his proposal for a match, Anderssen was totally against it. Upon Zukertort's pleading and urging he then asked: 'What are we playing for?' Since, as already mentioned, Zukertort was not endowed with riches, he replied - 'For nothing! ' Now, more than ever, Anderssen did not want to know, but, being of good nature, he eventually with­ drew the refusal, and Zukertort got his match, which then turned out exactly as he had predicted to me. Anderssen harboured no suspicions about his defensive sys­ tem in the Vienna Game, while he did not handle his Evans Gambit ideally every time, and so Zukertort triumphed. The games were played separately, if no new opponent was available for Anderssen, and even in the style of casual games, since both opponents were quick players. Anderssen himself complained bitterly over the slow play of Steinitz in their 1866 match. This drawn out sort of play, even on obvious moves, had made him nervous; he often jumped to his feet and went to an adjoining room with the re­ quest to a spectator to call him when it was his turn to move. Zukertort had another opponent 'sitting like death', L.Paulsen, who once took I 5 minutes over his first move. In those times when clocks were still not used, with the more robust charac­ ters'sitting like death' was a favourite means of'mating' an opponent. 19

]ohannes Zukenon When the match with Zukertort was at an end, Anderssen felt decidedly embar­ rassed at his defeat against his 'pupil' and he flew into a rage: a match "·irhout a stake could not be regarded as a proper match. If Zukertort wanted to play really serious games with him, then he must place a stake, he, Anderssen, would put down double. Now a Berlin chess-friend, W, came up with a purse for Zukertort, and then three games were played between the opponents with a stake, of which Anderssen won all three. With that the matter was closed. Anderssen had taken a small revenge. Zukertort, however. had achieved

his fondest wish - a 'great suc­

cess', which he could carry With him tO the other side of the Channel to establish a new chess livelihood. Already then Zukertort was very seriously thinking about emigrating there. Unfortunately he could not make a living in Berlin and thus saw his salvation only in a change of residence to London. The same Berlin chess-friend who had backed him against Anderssen, later also gave him the means to travel to London and gain a foothold there, where he expected better days. When Anderssen and Zukertort again met each other in

1 8 77

at the Leipzig

Chess Congress, Zukertort, as White, naturally again played the Vienna Game against the 'old master', but

in the meantime Anderssen had been able to detect the

weakness ofhis defence; he did not play the move ... c6 and won the game. C.Sander

20

The Chess Crichton [One of the best and most respected foreign chess players who has ever made this country his home was Johannes Hermann Zukertort. His ashes remain in our keep­ ing, as he died in London on 20th June, 1888, and was buried in Brompton Ceme­ tery, to the west of the Chapel, and about half-way between it and the Chelsea Foot­ ball Ground . The ground is officially known as A.F.

I 07 X 18. A memorial slab,

known as a marble 'ledger', is laid on the grave, and bears the following inscription:

'In Memory of J. H.Zukertort, the Chess Master, Born September 7th, 1842. Died June 20th, 1888.' The slab is in good condition and the lettering still clear, but it has sunk into the ground considerably and wants restoration in that respect. One of

the earliest friends

Zukertort made in England was

the late

Mr.I.O.Howard Taylor, of Norwich. He went to Norwich and stayed with Mr.Taylor for a week in September, 1872, taking part in many public chess events in that city. Mr. Taylor thought, in view of the interest excited in Norwich by this marvellous chess player, that local people would appreciate some account of his career. He therefore learned from Zukertort the history of his life and published an extensive report in the Eastern Daily Press, 28 September 1872. I do not think this account

was ever made known elsewhere. I therefore quote it in full. It will serve to show

how important was the man whose ashes the London chess players have now in their keeping.- J.Keeble, I 927, with corrections] J.H.Zukertort was born at Lublin, in Russian Poland, on September 7th 1842. He is of mixed Prussian and Polish descent, his mother being Baroness Krzyanowska. One sister is married w Baron Marczewski, now in the Russian but formerly in the French service, who saved the life of the Earl of Cardigan at Balaclava with his Chas­ seurs d' Afrique. The Baron now holds a watch, which the gallant Earl presented to him as an acknowledgement. Herr Zukertort's family have not his chess gifts. His father only plays draughts, his mother is only a rook player, and the subject of this notice can render his sisters the odds of the Queen. This is noteworthy, because the family of Louis Paulsen (his father, brother and sister) all played finely, and Morphy's uncle and father were also accomplished amateurs. Herr Zukertort is a good linguist, being well acquainted with English, Italian, French, Spanish, Greek, Latin, Hebrew and Russian, and having also some knowl­ edge of Turkish, Arabic, Sanskrit, etc. In his youth he was an unwearied reader, constantly devoting whole nights to the acquirement of literary information. He is familiar with English history and with the best English classics - especially with Shakespeare. Such is the energy of his character that he learnt one language to read Dante, another to read Cervantes, and a third, Sanskrit, to trace the origin of chess.

21

]ohannes Zukertort In theology and kindred subjects his reading would put many ecclesiastics to the

blush. He is thoroughly up (to use an

expressive

word for which there is no exact

equivalent) in Dr.Bateman's obscure subject 'Asphasia', from hospital experience and from discussion with the first German authority, 'Alogomneia', not 'Asphasia', is the true scientific term.

but contends

that

Upon philology and the derivation of words and phrases he has contributed ex­ tensively. He takes a deep interest in all questions of sodal science, and has written on prison discipline. He is also an original thinker on some of the problems that perplex humanity. Herr Zukertort is, besides, an accomplished swordsman, the best domino player in Berlin, and one of the best whist players living, and so good a pistol shot that at fifteen paces he is morally certain to hit the ace of hearts. A man, said the profound Bacon, may be young in years but old in hours. Amid a catalogue of such varied accomplishments Herr Zukertort has found time to play 6,000 games of chess with Anderssen alone, and to rise from a Rook player to a first- rate in a few years. Besides, he was a pupil of Moscheles, and in 1862-6 musical critic of the first journal in Silesia. One would suppose there at least his intellectual labours were continuous. Not so. Herr Zukertort at the age of 30 is also a military veteran. His studies at Heidel­ berg and Breslau were interrupted by the war in which Prussia and Austria engaged with Denmark, and he served in the Danish, in the Austrian and in the French cam­ paign. His rank when in service in the Prussian forces is that of Lieutenant, and he was present at the following engagements, viz, in Denmark, Missunde, Duppel and Alsen; in Austria, Trautenau, Koniginhof, Koniggnatz (Sadowa) and Blumenau; in France, Spicheeren, Pange (Vionville), Gravelotte, Noiseville, and all other affairs before Metz. Twice dangerously wounded, and once left for dead upon the field, he is entitled to wear seven medals, besides the orders of

the Red Eagle and the Iron

Cross. At Gravelotte, every officer in his regiment was either killed or wounded, and the regiment was exposed from five to six hours to the enemy's fire without being able to return a shot. They went into action 1,800 strong, and came out under 400.

He obtained the degree of M.D. at Breslau in 1 8 65, having chiefly devoted his

attention to chemistry under Professor Bunsen at Heidelberg, and to physiology at Berlin under Professor Virchow. Herr Zukertort is now on the staff of Prince Bismarck's private organ, the

Allgemeine Zeitung, and is chief editor of a political journal

which receives 'officios'

from the Government at Berlin; besides this he is the first theorist of the modern school of chess, and author of The Grosses Schach Handbuch and a Leitfaden, and, fur­ ther, he was for several years the editor of the Neue Berliner Schachzeitung. In blindfold chess Herr Zukertort is able to summon at will a perfect and distinct mental photograph of any game in which he is engaged, with the sixty-four squares of the board and every piece and pawn in its place, and he can dismiss that mind-picture for any other when he pleases. In 1 864, at the age of 22 years, he began to afford sure indicae of this exceptional talent, playing three games at

22

The Chess Crichton Beeley's Garden at Posen on May 21st, 1864. Any one who has enjoyed the pleasure of witnessing his blindfold play will be assured of the truth of his own expression, 'The games are iron-printed in my head'. Zukertort believes that from the concen­ tration of ideas and complete abstraction, it is possible for a player to conduct a sin­ gle contest with higher skill minus than plus his eyes! Morphy was the knight-er­ rant ofCaissa; Zukertort is the chess Crichton. I.O.Howard

Taylor

23

]ohannes Zukertort

The Zukertort Legend The foregoing article represents the source of the 'Zukertort legend' which has lived on in chess lore r ight up to the present day. However, a painstaking investigation by the German chess historian, Ulrich Gramme!, into the truth of Zukertort's extraordinary claims, was published in an article 'Chessmasters are not gods' in the Rochade magazine. We summarise here the results of this important piece of research. Zukertort entered Breslau University, Faculty of Medicine, on 29 April 1861. However, the University registration book shows that he did not obtain a passing certificate and in fact was struck from the list of students on 9 February 1867 for failing to presem himself for his studies. The universities ofHeidelberg and East Berlin confirm that a Johannes Zukertort did not matriculate there at any time from 1850 to 1880. Thus Zukertort obtained no degree, or doctorate in medicine. Previous to his arrival in England in 1872, Zukertort had not been credited with the title of doctor, but curiously enough, when he later returned to Germany for chess events, he was given this distinction there also. The rank-lists of the Prussian Army between 1862 and 1878 do not record Zukertort as serving in the military. He almost certainly took part as a volunteer medical orderly in the short war against Austria in 1866. That he could not have won seven medals is obvious. Moreover non-officers were not eligible for the Red Eagle and the Iron Cross - and the latter was not awarded at all for this particular campaign. It is doubtful whether he took part in the Franco-Prussian War and if he did it would probably have again been in a medical capacity. Our only hint about this comes from Zukertort's report on the Baden tournament of 1870 in the Neue Berliner Scltachzeitung: 'Herr Stern in fact played only four games . . . since he soon had to hurry to the colours as a Royal Bavarian Reserve. We allow ourselves to mention that ].H.Zukertort, who for various reasons had been unable to give a definite acceptance to play, at the last moment was prevented from taking part in the tournament through similar circumstances.' The War began on 19 July 1870 and ended with the peace agreement of I 0 May 1871. The return of the troops followed from about the end of May to the middle of July 1871. But there are a number of Zukertort games played in Berlin during this period, including those of his second match with Anderssen. In addition, Zukertort continued uninter­ ruptedly to br ing out his magazine throughout the duration of the War. There is absolutely no trace of any journalistic work outside of chess by Johannes Zukertort. Enquiries from such authoritative bodies as the Institute for Magazine Research in Dortmund, Bremen University - German Press Research, or the State Archives in Berlin, failed to come up with anything to support Zukertort's editorial 24

The Zukertort Legend claims, nor does the extensive work Magazine-City Berlin by Peter de Mendelsohn mention Zukertort. Detailed records of Bismark's North German General Magazine prove conclusively that Zukertort was not on the editorial board, nor did he work as a regular or free­ lance journalist for that periodical. Zukertort's claim to have studied music under Moscheles can also be discounted. The Leipzig Conservatoire, to which Moscheles was professor, has no record of Zukenort in its registration book. Moscheles was in the last part ofhis life - he died in 1 870. His wife's memoirs make no mention ofZukertort as a private pupil, nor is it conceivable that Zukertort, in his poor financial state, could have afforded such lessons. In the British Chess Magazine's obituary it is said that Zukertort was naturalised British in 1 8 7 8 , but the Home Office, Nationality Department, has no record of this. As mentioned in the 'Zukertort in Germany' article, Zukertort's father was a Chris­ tian missionary, spreading the gospel amongst the Jewish community. The names ofhis sons, Johannes and AdolfChristian, indicate that they were also born into the Christian faith. The Chess Players Chron icle s comment of 1883, given later, also bears witness to the fact that Zukertort did not follow the Jewish faith, whatever his ancestry may have been. With his intelligence, education and outstanding memory, it would come as no surprise to hear that Zukertort spoke several languages. How many is the question. Certainly he had an excellent command of English as well as his native German. Mr.J.Howard Taylor was an honourable English gentleman and there is no doubt that Zukertort actually made the claims to him - but whether these came out of the wine, a habit of bragging, a sense of humour, or the need of an insecure man to boost his reputation in a foreign land, we shall never know... ].Adams '

25

Johannes Zukertort

The Chess Apostle Doctor }.H.Zukertort, whose portrait graces our gallery this month, was born on the 7th September 1 842, and made his first move on the Chess-board in the Spring of 1861. In that year he entered a handicap tourney, started at the Breslau Univer­ sity Chess Club, receiving the odds of a queen, and signalised himself by losing every game he played. But he was not of such stuff as Jephtha's progeny, to weep over his loss in the mountains - perhaps there were none available; he betook him unto the plains of Breslau, and purchased a copy of Bilguer's

Handbuch.

This little

incident is the key to the character of the man, and it is pleasant to note that his practical good sense was rewarded by promotion to the Knight class before the first year of his noviciate had expired. Like most masters of the game, Herr Zukertort has known bur two stages in his progress to excellence - the tyro and the student. In 1862 he encountered Anderssen at the odds of a Knight, winning nearly every game, and thereafter met the first players of the day on even terms. His daily inter­ course with Anderssen at Breslau, which continued for four years, tended to develop his latent powers, and although he was then desirous of avoiding publicity in Chess matters, he was, in 1867. widely known as one of the first players in North Germany. In the summer of 1 8 6 7 he as­ sumed the post of editor of the

Berliner Schachzeitung,

Neue

and held it until

the collapse of that journal, in December 1 8 7 1 . In the course of these four years he published,

in

conjunction

with

Dufresne, the

Great Chess Handbook, and of his own works the Brief Guide to Chess, a Collection of Problems, Studies and End­ ings, and a Short Synopsis of the Openings.

In 1871 he defeated Anderssen in a set match, by five games to two, and it is worth recording, that of twelve corre­ spondence matches in which he has been engaged, he has never lost one. No ....... .,.•.,�·

The Chess Apostle

reader of the

Westminster Papers

can be

ignorant of his career in England. He came hither in 1 8 7 2 , and took part in the tourney of that year, gaining the third prize. In the City of London handicap he

gained the second prize, and in 1 87 5 he was the winner in a match against Mr.Pot­ ter, with a score of four to two, and eight draws. In the Divan tourney, just con­ cluded, he was second to Mr.Blackburne, but he made even games in his play with the winner. Of his blindfold powers it may be said that he is, at least, the equal of 26

The Chess Apostle

\fr. Blackburne. His greatest performance in that way was at Hamburg, in 1869, \\'hen he was pitted against one of the best teams ever opposed to a blindfold player, on which occasion he won eight games, drew one, and lost none. It would require a special number of the Westminster Papers to set forth half our hero's ex­ ploits as they deserve, but we prefer to use the space at our disposal with a charac­ terisation of the man, rather than of the Chess player. The judgement of a journal to which he has always lent his countenance, though he has never shown his face in it before, may be considered partial, but at the risk of such an imputation, we must pay our tribute of admiration to the gentleman and scholar who has, within the last few years, become 'one of us'. No one who looks upon the face which illustrates our gallery this month will deny to it, even under the guise of caricature, the graces of intellectuality and sensibility. It is as the face of an Apostle by an old master, and an Apostle in trouble to boot, but hear the original converse, good reader, and then wonder at the transformation in every line of that apparently resigned, and pain-stricken face. In every society which he frequents our hero is a welcome guest, and his popularity is due, not to his profound analytical powers, but to his practical humour and vivacity. These qualities he is more apt to display in a small, than in a large circle, but in either his gaiety is never found wanting, and in all, the genuine qualities of the man predominate over the superficial attributes of the mere Chess player. Westminster Papers

27

johonnes Zukertort

Death of Dr. Zukertort How the leaves are falling! In recording the unprecedented number of deaths of so many Chess-players and valued friends in the May and June numbers of the Chess Monthly, we hardly thought that it would be our painful duty to add to the mourn­ ful list that of Dr.].H.Zukertort But such is the case; and the present number con­ tains the last of the work so eminently and conscientiously done for so many years by our departed friend and collaborator. The circumstances of the last hours were given by TheField as follows: 'On Monday, the 18th inst. he played one of the handicap games at the British Chess Club. On Tuesday he seemed in better health and spirits than usual of late. He passed the afternoon at the British Chess Club, either conversing freely or looking at positions on the several boards. He left a few minutes after seven o'clock, appeared at Simpson's about two hours later, and whilst playing a game of Chess with Mr. Sylvain Meyer was seized with an attack of faintness, which seemed to be of a serious nature. As usual in cases of emergency, everybody being eager to help, none hit upon the right means. Instead of calling medical aid, he was taken to the British Chess Club in an unconscious state. There a doctor was soon in attendance, but the anxiety of the numerous friends present increased with the prolonged comatose state of the patient, and Dr.Cassidy, a member of the club, was sent for, when it was thought advisable to remove the patient to Charing Cross Hospital. At about four o'clock a.m. the Rev. J.Verschoyle, and Messrs Frank Harris, Gunsberg, and Hoffer made inquiries there, and it was ascertained from Dr.Jeeves that he was still in a state of unconsciousness, and that the symptoms of a cerebral attack (Dr.Cassidy's diagnosis) had increased. He never regained consciousness, but expired about ten o'clock on Wednesday morning, the cause of death being cerebral hemorrhage. When the friends called at the hospital in the forenoon he was no more.' Dr.Zukertort, of German extraction, was born in Lublin (Russian Poland) in 1 842. Studying medicine in Germany at the beginning of the sixties, he obtained in the school of Professor Anderssen the right grasp of both theory and practice, acquir­ ing in a comparatively short time a local reputation as the most talented pupil of the immortal German master. In 1 867 he made himself known to wider circles as Editor of the

New Berlin Schachzeitung,

founded by Neumann and Suhle after the

retirement of Ph.Hirschfield from the Editorship of the Leipzig Schachzeitung. In his new capacity he had ample opportunities; he published his own brilliant master­ pieces, as well as numerous valuable treatises on the openings, especially about the Muzio, Kieseritzky, Evans, etc. He collected the discoveries of the new Berlin school, at the head of which were Hirschfield, Neumann, and Suhle, in the same manner as Baron Heydebrand u.d.Lasa did in the German

Handbook

with the

researches of the old school, which was led by Bledow, Hanstein, Harrwitz, and 28

Death of Dr. Zukertort �·layer. Jean Dufresne, Dr.Max Lange, and Emil Schallopp formed the connecting link between the old and the new school. The latter received a further development by Steinitz when he succeeded De Vere on The Field, and in the volumes of the Chess .'vforzthly. Staunton in England, Morphy in America, and Kolisch in Paris, belonged still to the old school . In addition to his usual editorial duties he published various valuableChess works in Germany, and the editorship of the Schachzeiturzg he held till 1872, interrupted only by the Franco-German war, where he served in his medical capacity; as, in fact, he had done in the Schleswig-Holstein campaign, and in the Austro-Prussian war of 1866. His career as a representative of EnglishChess commenced in 1872.

Zukertort combined, with Anderssen's extraordinary brilliancy and fertility of imagination, great analytical power, whilst his marvellous memory made him one of the flrst blindfold players of the day. He was only deficient in English steadiness and tenacity, as a match player, hence his defeat by Steinitz in the flrst encounter, 1872; but these qualities he acquired in the subsequent matches with Potter, Blackburne, and Rosenthal. To this must be added what, perhaps, is only known to the initiated few, that Zukenort was indebted, in a great measure, to Mr. Ph. Hirschfield, for many of the innovations which he introduced in his match and tournament play. as well as in the analytical notes in this Paper. For over ten years Mr.Hirschfleld was a constant and valuable opponent of the late master. Valuable is used advisably, for even Steinitz offered to play a series of match games with Hirschfield, without stakes. but for the sole advantage of f1rst-class practice. The theory of the Lopez, the latest development in the Evans and theHamppe-Allgaier, were worked out and practically tested over the board with Hirschfield. The exhaustive analysis of the Morphy-Anderssen match games published in our early volumes; the Blackburne-Zukertort match; the Rosenthal-Zukertort match; the various tournaments which have taken place during the last ten years; notably, the notes to the tournament games 1883, treasured up in the nine volumes of the Chess Monthly. would, if systematically arranged, form a complete new theory of the game. After 18 83 he intended to undertake this work himself; but the Ameri­ can tour and subsequent ill-health made him postpone it, and now it is too late. The

Field says: 'An accomplished gentleman and scholar, a rival of the famous Anderssen, with whom he competed successfully, a profound analyst, a celebrated blindfold player, his intimation of making England his home was received with general welcome. The balance of success in his chess career up to 1883 was greatly in his favour.He defeated Rosenthal and Blackburne in single combat, and won the flrst prize in the international chess tournament, Paris, 1878, after a tie-match with Winawer. But all the victories he achieved were overshadowed by his splendid performance in the memorable International Chess Tournament, London, 1883. He secured the first prize with only one lost game to Steinitz, and in that, too, he had the better posi­ tion. First honours being certain, he relaxed somewhat the tension of his energies,

29

)ohannes Zukertort and lost three more games. in all of which, however, he had an absolute winning advantage. There is little or no doubt that, had it been necessary to add these games to his score, he would have won them. The final score was, nevenheless, three games ahead of Steinitz, who took second prize. His game in the first round with Blackburne is the finest that had been played in the present generation of chess masters, and the others give evidence of his then supremacy over all the competi­ tors in the contest, without exception. This concludes the record of his successes. Now begins a page of history which every chess player would prefer to tear out, were it possible, so as to remember only the Zukertort of 1883. Contrary to the advice of his friends and the verdict of medical men [we may be permitted to mention a mutual friend, Dr.Charles Elam - Ed.) that absolute repose was required after the supreme effort of many weeks' duration, he persisted in accepting Steinitz's challenge to a match, the conditions of which were unfavourable to him; but we commented upon the match at the time of its conclusion, and have no desire to allude to them again. The fact remains that he returned from the States a broken-down man. His nerves seemed over-strained; an impediment in his speech was noticeable, which was more accentuated of late; he had no energy left to rouse himself from a kind of mental torpor. He lost a short match with Blackburne, and played in several tournaments since, more as a matter of duty and habit than with any prospects of success. In the present handicap at the British Chess Club he headed the list, which gave rise to a hope of an ultimate recovery. At one time it was doubtful whether he would venture to compete, but, as he assured us, he consid­ ered it a sort of test case whether he would play in the forthcoming International Congress of the B.C.A. at Bradford, or abandon practical chess, for a time anyhow. But it proved only the last glimmer of the light before it was extinguished. It is doubtful whether he could ever have recovered. Those who have had the privilege of a close intimacy with the departed will be unanimous in the testimony to his many superior qualities. A late contemporary, ten years ago, in publishing a portrait of Dr.Zukertort, remarked: "In every society which he frequents our hero is a welcome guest, and his popularity is due, not to his profound analytical powers. but to his practical humour and vivacity. The genuine qualities of the man predom­ inate over the superficial attributes of the mere chess player." We have confined our remarks to the simplest, duty of the biographer, and conclude, fearing that feelings of the sincerest friendship, and also a chess player's admiration, might cause us to overstep the line of strict impartiality. From the moment the sad news became known, telegrams and letters from distant admirers poured in to the hon.secretary of the British Chess dub, inquiring the day of the funeral, and wishing to pay the last tribute of respect to the departed.' And now we shall only add that he died in harness, fighting, if ever a man did. By the board he had lived, and by the board did he perish. A noble ending for a chess player! The funeral took place on Tuesday, the 26th ult., at 10.30, at the Brompton Cemetery.

30

Present

were:

Mr.F.Anger,

President

of the

City

of London;

Death of Dr. Zukertort Capt.A.S.Beaumont,

Herbert

Baldwin,

H.E.Bird,

WH.Cubison,

Jas.Eccles,

Robt.Forster, WM.Gattie, I.Gunsberg, A.Guest, Thos. Hewitt, Ph.Hirschfield, L.Hoffer, F.WLord, WManning, Sylvain Mayer (who played the last game with the deceased on the fatal evening). James Innes Minchin, Dr.Mrazsek, Sebastian B.Schlesinger, President of the Manhattan Chess Club. New York; Jas.Wade, Pub­ lisher of the Chess Monthly; Rev.WWayte, and a Paris amateur. Wreaths were sent by the British, the City of London, and the Brighton Chess dubs. and by Mr. Eccles.

L. Hoffer

31

] ohannes Z ukerro rt

Steinitz on Zukertort With the most sincere and profound sorrow we learn from a cablegram to the New York papers that Mr.Zukertort died in London on the 20th June 1 888. No particu­ lars of the sad event are likely to reach this country before our present issue goes to press, but it is generally assumed that the cause of death was disease of the heart, of which Mr.Zukertort had suffered for many years. J.H.Zukertort was born September 7th, I 842, in the Russian city Riga. on the Baltic Sea. His parents were, however, Germans, and returned to their native coun­ try when Zukertort was about 7 years of age. He received his early education at the Gymnasium (College) of Breslau, of which institution the immortal Chess master, the late Professor Anderssen, was tutor of mathematics and the German language. As already stated on a previous occasion, the great Professor was in the habit, after his match with Morphy, of selecting among his pupils such as showed some talent for Chess, for the purpose ofplaying with them, and in order to keep up some kind of practice for which he had otherwise hardly any opportunity in Breslau. Zukertort was one of those fortunate students who were favoured with a most excellent training in the game from the great master, and after he had for some time received large odds he rapidly rose to be a worthy opponent of his teacher on even terms. Having completed his preliminary education in Breslau, Zukertort took up his residence in Berlin, where for several years he was devoted to the study of medicine and to literary work, chiefly in connection with our pastime. He became editor of the Neue Berliner Schachzeitung after the retirement ofHerr Neumann, and he published a book on the game in conjunction with Herr Dufresne. Though he participated in some of the tournaments of the German Chess Association without making his mark among the prize-winners, he nevertheless succeeded in 187I in defeating Anderssen in a series ofseven games by the majority of 5 to 2.

His real publicChess career may, however, be considered to have dated from next year, when he entered the London Tournament of I872. Though he only came out third prize-winner behind Steinitz and Blackburne, his score against the first named including the games played in the handicap. was equal, namely: I and I , and 5 draws. A match was thereupon arranged between the two rivals, which ended in favour of Steinitz, with the score of 7 to I and 4 draws . He did not enter the Vienna Tournament of 18 7 3, and he confined himself to blindfold exhibitions and to literary work as a game annotator of the

Westminster Papers until

187 5. when

he met Mr.Potter in a match, in which he came out as victor with a score of 4 to 2 and 8 draws. In the early part of 18 7 6 he, however, distinguished himself with a blindfold performance which alone in itselfwould commemorate his name as one

of the greatest Chess artists up to our time. For he accomplished the extraordinary task of conducting simultaneously, without sight of board or men, I 6 games against a strong team which included such first-class amateurs as Dr.Ballard and Messrs. Minchin and Wayte. In the final score he won 1 2, lost 1 and drew 3 , and his

32

Steini tz on Zukertort ?erformance on that occasion as a blindfold player has never been equalled before :10r

since. In 1 8 7 7 he competed in the Anderssen Jubilee Tournament at Leipzig,

and came out third behind Paulsen and Anderssen, after tieing with the latter. In the same year he won the first prize in a tourney at Cologne. In the Paris Grand International Tournament of 18 7 8. which was one of the best double-round contests ever held. he made his first great record as a successful tour­ nament champion by coming out first victor after a tie with Winawer. Two great matches followed that event, namely, one against Rosenthal in 1880 and the other against Blackburne in 1 8 8 1 . Zukertort won both matches with excellent scores, namely, with 7 to I and I I draws against Rosenthal, and with 7 to 2 and 5 draws against Blackburne. In the Tournament of Berlin in 1 8 8 1 , he came out second behind Blackburne, and next year at the Grand International Double-round Tourna­ ment of Vienna, he tied for fourth and fifth places behind Steinitz and Winawer (tie) and Mason. But he had made an excellent run for chief prize up to the last two rounds, and he was awarded the special prize for the best individual score against the chiefprize-holders.

1883 was, however, the year of his greatest glory. We have often expressed our opinion, to which we still firmly adhere, that the results of tournaments, however well such contests may be arranged, require confirmation by the match-test, for the former only furnish a sort of cross-play proof in small individual contests which cannot be relied upon. But there can be no doubt that the London Grand Inter­ national Tournament of 1 8 8 3 was the best of the kind up to the present, as far as the regulations ofplay and the number and value of prizes were concerned, and the stipulation alone, which restricted the counting of draws. made it a fairer test of skill than any tournament held before. Zukertort won this tournament in magnifi­ cent style, coming out 3 games ahead over his next rival, Steinitz, and one of his games against Blackburne belong for combination-play to the very finest on record. The accounts of Zukertort's subsequent tour in America, his match with the Editor, and the results thereof. need no repetition. In the London Tourney of 1 886 he came out behind the 6 prize winners and Mr.Lipschiitz, tieing for 7th place with Captain Mackenzie. In the next tournament at Nottingham, he took 4th prize. Since then, he lost a short match of 5 games up against Blackburne by 5 to

l

and 8 draws,

and in the Frankfurt Tournament, he tied for 13th place with Burn. Only once he gained the first prize in the handicap of the British Chess Club, but he failed to win any prize in Simpson's Divan Tournament. His death is more than sufficient apol­ ogy for his last failures, and there can be no doubt that he had altogether broken down in health. We think that in view of Zukertort's remarkable Chess career, which gave proofs of his powers in matches against several first-class players, and in two of the best tournaments that have ever been organised, we are justified in saying that he was the strongest player we ever came across. But in the interest of truth and justice,

we

feel bound to record our opinion, that in point of genius he never was the equal of Anderssen, nor perhaps the superior of some living players whom he defeated. He 33

Johannes Zukertort had, no doubt, an excellent position judgement, but this was more the outcome : : routine than of intuitive perception. His powerful memory enabled him to rec : · lect the weakness of different opponents, and he was, therefore, a dangerous ri·:=... in tournaments. He had an extraordinary book-knowledge, and when he car: :: across some novelty in friendly analytical trials with strong players. he would ret::�:. it for years and then apply it in a match or tournament. But though he hac ; remarkable faculty of assimilating and perhaps correcting other people's ideas.

w:

feel sure that he was very deficient in originality. We noticed this defect especial:·.

in his analysis as well as in his attempted practical application of the principles ·: :· 'the modern school'. He knew of course as much as had been published abo·.:: them, but when he had to take the initiative of developing a new idea, or else

·::

applying an old one in a novel situation, he mostly went astray in a manner whic::-. showed that though he had acquired some good knowledge of position accordir: � to the new maxims, he had not fully entered into the spirit of the modern theorit'::. His lack of appreciation was shown for instance when in his matches again;:

Rosenthal and Blackburne, he would persist in playing and theoretically advocatir: g the advance of both the QRP and QNP to their third squares in the Queen's Pawn Opening

(turned

Fianchetto).

into

Though

we

a

Queen's

repeatedly

pointed out the strategical weakness of such a disposition of Pawns, Zukertort as long as he was victorious, owing to his superior tactics, would not become con­ vinced until, at last, Blackburne success­ fully adopted our advice in his game against Zukertort at Berlin, as regards the treatment of that form of opening, and from that moment, Zukertort dropped at any rate the advance of P-QR3 which he had so stoutly supported in practice and in his writings previously. During his first visit to America he was reported to have said about his own

Wllhelm Stelnltz

play that he amalgamated in his practice the principles of the old and of the modern school, and as far as

we

could judge

from the games of his last match against Steinitz, his chief failures were due to suer. an attempt, which also bears out our criticism that he did not fully comprehend the spirit of the reform which has taken place in the conduct of the game. To give a practical illustration we may point out that after the novel defence which Steinitz adopted against Zukertort's favourite Queen's Gambit in the 7th game of the march. the latter might have been pardoned for once in trying to press a king's side attack instead of endeavouring to dissolve his isolated centre pawn, as the former course 34

Steinitz

on

Zukertort

"·as evidently in accordance with the views of Labourdonnais, Morphy, Harrwitz, etc. But after seeing the progress and result of that one game we feel sure that for instance a player like Herr Englisch, though he is not quite as strong yet as Zukertort was, would, however, hardly have pardoned himself for making such an experiment twice. Yet Zukertort persisted with the same policy all through the match in the same opening. Another instance of his shortcoming in analytical judgement may be found in his remark to Black's 1Oth move in the second game between himself and Steinitz, in the London International Tournament of 1 883. We have no doubt that in a correspondence game the weakness of Black's position on the Queen's side would make his game untenable. Yet Zukertort seemed to be more than satisfied with his position all through, after winning the game by some weak moves on the part of the opponent. We could recite numerous more instances, but we think the above will be sufficient to show that we have taken some pains in ar­ riving at our judgement about his general style, which in fact had not been much separated from the maxims of the old masters from whom he had received his early training. We have only to add on this subject that our remarks are made in the inter­ est of general instruction to students of the game who might otherwise be misled as regards the tendencies of modern improvements. Zukertort was, however, a pro­ found and generally accurate analyst, who rarely made a mistake when he had once reduced his position to a combination point, either in his practice over the board or in his theoretical researches and annotations of games. About Zukertort personally we shall say no more than he had many excellent qualities that more than overbalanced some defects of his character, which, how­ ever, we believe to have been more due to his time and surroundings than natural to himself His death will be universally regretted among lovers of the game, and will leave a void in the Chess world which cannot be easily filled up. Wilhelm Steinitz

35

Johannes Zukertort

A Portrait of Dr.Zukertort Shortly before the opening of the tournament of the British Chess Associa:: : �.

1 872, four conspirators met one evening in the Strand at a restaurant which ·.•. ;_.

_

that time the hebdomadal rendezvous of certain well-known chess-players.

'Well' said one of them, 'I think I have found a man who can beat Steinitz: ··.'. :

is he?' asked Lowenthal. 'Zukenort', said the discoverer. 'He has just won a :-:·. :. : . : of Anderssen.'

The matter was talked over, and the conspirators - all committee-men c :·

British Chess Association - resolved to invite Zukertort to this country. and

:

:.:

·

:·:: ·

him twenty guineas towards his expenses. About a formight afterwards. the young Prussian arrived in London ;.: : appeared one evening at the Caledonian Hotel, then the headquarters of the \'.'-=; ·

minster Chess Club. There he played his flrst game in this country, and was be=.::: by Wisker, the stakes being a guinea a-side. The same year he took part in the London Grand Tourney, and also playc:

i

match with Steinitz. His style was brilliant, but his success meagre. Once in England he resolved to make it his permanent home. He liked the

re bject to in New Orleans?" asked a citizen thereof "Why. to the drains". I replied.

"The drains, there is nothing the matter with them." "Nothing the matter! Where :s your nose?" "My nose is all right." "How. then. can you say there is nothing the

matter with the drains?" "Because, my dear friend, there are no drains!"' As

I

have frequently in this notice

called Zukertort 'Doctor',

I

may mention

that he was a member of the medical profession, and, as such, served with the German Army before Metz. Steinitz used to amuse himself and others by deriding this doctorial prefix. 'He is no doctor', would shout the Bohemian champion. 'He is', would reply an eminent F.L.C.P., 'I've seen his diplomas.' - 'How is it, then, he never uses that title in Ger­ many?' - 'Because in that highly edu­ cated country', retorted the eminent one, 'Doctor is the vulgar title of every man, woman, and child.' Very modest indeed,

say I, was it on Zukertort's part to content Rev. George Macdonnell

himself with the title of Doctor, seeing that a great authority, Edward Lowe, di­ vided all chess players into two classes, calling ordinary ones 'Doctors', and ex-

traordinary ones 'Professors' ; and truly. professor, aye Regius professor, of chess was Dr. ].H.Zukertort. Always weak in body and delicate in health, Zukertort found it a work of great labour to engage in hard matches or long tournaments. Still, whenever circum­ stances and his health admitted of it, he was one of the foremost to enter the arena and unsheathe his sword. He never shrank from the battle if by any means he could take part in it. No doubt the many arduous contests in which he engaged seriously affected his health. But the Brobdingnagian match with Mr.Steinitz permanently shattered his constitution, and even dissipated his good spirits. Since that time

I

never knew him give a hearty laugh, or enjoy a humorous story. The bravery and

39

]ohannes Zukertort chivalry of the man in consenting to 'meet' the Austrian champion were worthy · · all praise, but his acceptance of his adversary's one-sided conditions was foolha.r:­ and even suicidal. Having won, in the grandest style, the first prize in the Inter:.• · tional tournament of 1 8 8 3 , he was entitled to rest upon his laurels, and enjoy ;:.:

fruits of his labour. But Mr. Steinitz, thinking otherwise, tempted him with cL · lenges, and ultimately induced him to make a match. I did my best, at the time. : : dissuade the champion from meeting Steinitz in single combat, pointing out c�.l· ...

his health was bad, and the conditions against him. But the generous and cou:-:. · geous spirit of the man was deaf to my counsels, and longed to give his adversa.:­

'revenge'. Accordingly he accepted the defie, fought splendidly as long as his hea.:·...: held good, and at last succumbed to weariness and malaria. And here I may me::-. ·

tion that my most worthy friend, the late Dr. Charles Elam, strongly adYis-:-: Zukertort, after his great victory in '83, never again to engage in any serious mace�­ 'If you do', said he, 'it will kill you.' - 'I know that', said Zukertort, turning to rr.� . am , prepared to be taken away at any cir .:

'but, play or not play, I must be, and

without a moment's warning.' And so it came to pass, for on Tuesday, June 19. ai:-:: playing a game in the handicap at the British Club, he adjourned to the Dh'�-. where, whilst playing an off-hand game, he was seized with a fit, which terminac-:-: fatally at ten o'clock the next morning. Zukertort was born at Riga in Septernb-:: 1842, and died at the Charing Cross Hospital on June 20th, 1888, aged not qu::: forty six. Of all the foreign chess-players who have, within the last thirty yea:-; visited or resided in this country, not one of them was more admired and liked th:.:-. ].H.Zukertort, the 'Chess Apostle'.

Rev.G.A.MacDoll!:�

40

J . H .Zukertort: An English Appreciation :: has been commonly believed that the late Johann Hermann Zukertort was born in ::Oe town of Riga on the 7th September, 1842, but it is now stated on the authority of :ierr E.Schallopp. who gets his information from Herr Adolf Zukertort, a �:enographer in Berlin and a brother of J.H.Zukertort, that the real birthplace of the great Chess player was Lublin, a small town in Russian Poland. The year of his birth is ·.mdoubted.ly 1 842, but whether the 7th of September was his actual natal day is not quite so certain, but probabilities point that it was. At the time therefore of his un­ :imely death he was in the forty-sixth year of his age, there being but three months difference in age between him and the renowned English player Mr.].H.Blackburne. Mr.Zukertort's father was a German merchant, but his mother was a Pole. In 1855 :he Zukertort family returned to Germany. In 1860 we have the first recorded event of his life which couples him with Chess, for it was in that year, he then being eighteen years old, that he joined the University Chess Club at Breslau. In I 862, in the cold month of February, Anderssen and Zukertort first met, and from that date com­ mences his real Chess career.At first the great German professor gave him the odds of the Knight with comparative ease, and it was by slow steps that Zukertort attained to his great skill, but the steps if slow were sure, for he was possessed of a memory of a most tenacious character, and analysis once studied were never forgotten even down to their most minute detail. Slowly then, as I have said, did he make progress, until .l.nderssen could no longer give him the slightest odds, and the younger player began in some degree to be looked upon as the rising hope of Germany By 1864 he had firmly established himself as a player, although the laurels of no great victory had as yet encircled his brow, yet those who knew felt that there was a Chess career before him. Three years later, in June, 1867, he became associated with Anderssen in the editorship of the Neue Berliner Schachzeitung, on the retirement on Herr G.R.Neumann, who in that year went to Paris to take part in the contest for the Emperor's prize. From that moment Zukertort's history is indissolubly united with the history of our noble game, and alike as an analyst, match player, tournament player and blindfold player, he has stood in the first rank of the masters. I propose briefly to glance at his performances in these respects, but meanwhile I shall here complete my short account of the facts of his life. In 1872 he came over to England to take part in the tournament play of that year, and this country became his home from that time. In the first years of his residence here he naturally became one of the great galaxy of Chess lights which then adorned our northern firmament: Bird, Blackburne, Boden, Burn, De Vere. Horwitz, ].Lord, Lowenthal, MacDonnell, Potter, Wisker and Steinitz were the chief of these, and in Zukertort they found no unworthy colleague. With Staunton, who for long was the king of English Chess, Zukertort had but slight acquaintance, as the 'great lion' died on 22nd of June, 1874, when Zukertort had been but two years here, and during all this time Staumon had had no direct connection with the active Chess world. It is worthy of note that Staunton like 41

Johannes Zukertort Zukertort passed away suddenly, and that in both cases the death stroke came whet

they still had their harness on. In Staunton's case he died sitting at his desk with �

pen in his hand; to Zukertort, death came as he was sitting playing in Simpson·s... and the last object that he beheld as unconsciousness overcame him was the pieces. in battle array on the board. 1 883 was the culminating point of Zukertort's Che5$ career for the great London International Tournament of that year was his very apo­ theosis. In the Autumn of that year he visited the United States where he had a \"en' flattering reception. During his visit he made a tour of the States giving exhibitiOil$ of his skill as a simultaneous and blindfold player. This visit extended over pan ci

1 884, and in 1 885 he made a tour on the continent with like success whilst he alsc· paid a professional visit to several English provincial towns. In December 1885 be again crossed the Atlantic, this time to play his great match with Steinitz, which however ended disastrously for him. When he returned to England his friends no­

ticed a falling off in his health, and I have had from time to time to chronicle the fact that he was far from well. But all his friends hoped this would pass off, and when he roused himself in the pending handicap at the British, making once more a fine score in fine style, it was believed that he had once more regained his health.. These hopes, however, were all too soon to be doomed to be extinguished by his untimely death.

Analyst and Writer

Zukertort's pen has long been active in the cause of his favourite game, and his wonderful power as an analyst is to be first discovered in his contribution almost to every opening. He is not the inventor of any daring innovation, such as the Steinirz Gambit; his power ndeed i rather lay in the marvellous accuracy with which he pushed his researches into the details of openings. With the Evans Gambit, his name will ever be linked along with that of his master, Anderssen, as having almost completely exhausted the scientific resources of that brilliant opening. In the Neue Berliner Schachzeitung for

1 8 7 0 there appears his great analysis of that opening and

of others throughout the year. I have already mentioned his connection with the Neue Berliner Schachzeitung which, however, ceased at the end of

1 8 7 1 when the

magazine died. Soon after he made his home here he became associated with the late Westminster Papers of which for some time he was Game Editor. He was also on the staff of The City of London Chess Magazine and throughout the pages of both magazines will be found abundant proofs of his skill and accuracy as analyst and annotator. In 1 879 in conjunction with Herr L.Hoffer he commenced the Chess Monthly which has regularly appeared up to the present time, and it is in its pages

that for the last eight years he has displayed his analytical powers. Both as a blindfold and a simultaneous player, Herr Zukertort won great renown. His first recorded exhibition of blindfold play was n i 1868, he being then 2 6 years l players with great success. He gradually old when he encountered 7 of the Berin increased the number that he was wiling l to play till they reached 12. But even this did not satisfy him and in 1 8 7 6 he played in London 1 6 blindfold games simulta­ neously with the result that he won 1 2 drew 3 and lost 1 only. On the 23rd April, ,

42

J.H.Zukertort: An English Appreciation

: 88 I ,

I had first the honour of making Herr Zukertort s personal acquaintance, '

.;.;though I had before met him at the Divan. In that and the following day the West ·:·orkshire Chess Association held its twenty-sixth annual meeting, and as an attrac­

::on Mr.Watkinson engaged the services of Herr Zukertort. On Friday 22nd April,

:-ierr Zukertort engaged blindfold against 6 of the strongest Yorkshire players, ·.\·inning all the games. On the following day he played 20 games simultaneously, :osing one, with two or three left unfinished through want of time; the remainder

:11� won. I dwell upon these facts as it was not only the first time I had seen Mr.

Zukertort play blindfold Chess but the first time I had seen that species of Chess ?layed at all. Since then I have seen Mr Blackburne in his wonderful performances .

:n that line and the novelty has worn off, but at the time I was much struck with

Herr Zukertort's performance.

Tournament Play

Zukertort has a splendid record in Tournament play even if we include these latter

rears when his powers to some extent seemed to have failed him. Whilst residing in Germany he took part in no important tournament, and the I872 London was the first serious encounter of that kind that he made. He, however, brought with him a great reputation as a proficient in the game, as the laurels of victory were still fresh round his brow from his series of games with Anderssen. Still public curiosity was on tip toe, to see how he would bear himself in a fray amongst more experi­ enced players. In the end he came out third close after Blackburne who was second, Steinitz being first. This was a good beginning, better indeed than that made either by Steinitz or Blackburne, for the former only came in sixth at his first International Tournament whilst the latter failed to get a prize at all in his first trial at Dundee

-

the only time, however, that he has missed a prize in all the tournaments in which he has engaged; for though Mr.Blackburne entered for the Tournament of 1862 he resigned after playing a few games. In 1 876, Zukertort took part in the Divan Tour­

nament coming out a good second after Blackburne, Potter being third. In 1877, the Leipzig Tournament was held in connection with the Anderssen Jubilee and this was attended by Zukertort as representative of the St.George's Club. In the end, he tied with Anderssen for second and third place, Louis Paulsen being first. In the same year he took part in the Cologne Tournament taking first prize. In 18 7 8 came the Paris International Tournament when Zukertort's star was again in the ascen­ dant, for he tied with Winawer for first and second place and in the play-off, beat his wily opponent and took first prize. Blackburne being third and Capt. Mackenzie fourth. This was by far the most important encounter of the kind in which he had engaged as the number ofmasters he met therein was great. It was true that Steinitz did not take part in the fight, but most of the other great masters were there, and this victory certainly gives Zukertort a front rank amongst the very foremost masters of the day. In Berlin in 1881, he was not so successful, however, though he went thither flushed with his recent victory over Blackburne. But the 'old lion' of British Chess losing no heart by his defeat showed magnificent form during the whole Tournament for losing a game to Mason to start with, he went on accumu-

43

]ohannes Zukertort lating win after win and ultimately came out winner 'hands down' with Zukertor: second, whilst Winawer and Chigorin tied for third and fourth. In 1882 came the Vienna Tournament in which for the first time Zukertort met Steinitz in an impor­ tant Tournament, but he only tied with Steinitz for 4th and 5th, Winawer tieing for first and second and Jas. Mason taking third. The London International Tournament of 1883 was the scene of his most famous exploits and the area of his grandest victory. In the first round every player except Steinitz went down before his victorious arm. In the second round too, he added victory after victory to his score until he had made sure of the first prize some time before play was completed. This was on Monday, 1 1th June, when he conquered Blackburne and his score was then made up to 2 1 , a number which no other competitor could possibly reach. Zukertort, however, won one more game after this and lost three, but his score was 22 and his nearest rival was Steinitz with

19 games. Third came Blackburne with 16'12 and one unplayed game and fourth,

Chigorin with 16. This Tournament may be described as 'a battle of giants', and the position he won there will stamp him forever as being then a 'master among mas­ ters'. I witnessed many of his games and perhaps I may for once be allowed to quore from myself. Writing of the first day's play, I said, 'at one board is Zukertort with clean-cut features and an intellectual looking face but with marks upon it of considerable nervous tension; opposite to him is Chigorin comely and smiling.' His game with Blackburne in the first round will ever remain a 'gem of purest ray serene'. I was present when it was played and since then I have seen Blackburne play it over several times and it lives in my memory forever as 'a thing of beauty'. Zukertort allowed Blackburne to exactly carry out his ideas, he let him have the open file and the doubled Rooks thereon and the seemingly strong attack, and then came the 'clap of thunder!', the Queen was put en prise and the advanced Rook had to retire, but to no avail, for the ground was torn from under the Englishman's feet as by a series of earthquake shocks. 'Ah!' says Blackburne as his recollections linger

upon it, 'it was marvellous, but I made him do it, I actually forced the good moves upon him!' Quite true in a sense, but none but a master brain could have seen that Blackburne's impetuous attack opened out such a royal road to victory. Comment­ ing at the time upon Zukertort 's play during the Tournament, I wrote then in the Leeds Mercury: 'There can be no doubt whatever that in this Tournament, Zukertort 's Chess powers have come to their greatest perfection for during the entire progress of the play he has shown every good quality that goes to make up a fine player. He has not won by "flukes" for as it happened, Fortune gave him fewer chances than the other players, but all along his play has been steady, accurate, yet daring, alike in the opening, the mid-game, and the end-struggle, he has shown himself a master, and one knows not which to admire the more, his happy strokes of brilliant play, when the opportunity offered, or the masterly strategy wherewith he nursed some little pawn to victory in some fine endgame.' Looking back I have little to alter; it is true that after analysis has discovered here and there little flaws in one or two of his games, but that being granted they still remain a wonderful speci­ men ofhis Chess skill at its best. 44

] . H . Zukertort: An English Appreciation

'..\'ith 1 8 8 3 , let me close the account of his tournament play, for after that comes ·:>ut disaster and defeat. In 1 8 8 6 British Chess Association, in 1 8 8 6 Nouingham; in : 887 Frankfurt and in 1887 British Chess Assodation did he take part, but in none .:id he shine, neither did he in the Tournament so lately concluded at the Divan. In :he pending handicap at the British Club he seemed to wake up with new life, and . H

the time ofhis death, he had won 7 out ofa possible 8.

Match Play The deceased master has proved himself an excellent match player, though it must be admitted that in this deparonent, he falls much below the level attained by his great ri,·al, Steinitz, and as I have always believed that match-play and match-play alone is the real test ofindividual strength, there can be no doubt as to which of the two play­ �rs is the stronger. Zukertort's flrst important contest was fought in a series of games in I 8 7 1 against his old master, the great Anderssen, and victory smiled upon the }Ounger man, for he won the majority by the final score, Zukertort 5 , Anderssen 2. A different result, however, was to follow his next venture. Smarting under his partial defeat in the London 1 8 7 2 Tournament, he challenged Steinitz to

a

match and this

ended in a victory for the Austrian, who scored 7 to Zukertort's I and 4 draws. ln 1 87 5 occurred

his match with WN.Potter which he won, but only after a pro­

longed struggle, the score being Zukertort 4, Potter 2, drawn 8. It was not till 5 years af­

ter, in 1880, that he played his next match. This time his opponent was Mons. Rosenthal,

the French champion. Victory was again with Zukertort, who won the match with

a

score of 7 to Rosenthal's 1 and 1 1 draws. like his match with Potter, it was noticeable for

the number of draws and it was further of note for the number of times the Ruy Lopez was adopted. The next year, he played his first match with Blackbume, whom he de­ feated with a score of 7 to Blackbume's 2 and 5 draws. This match is of interest, because it was immediately after it had been played that Blackburne made such a glorious fight at Berlin, where he altogether outstripped Zukertort. This however, was to be the last ofhis ,

great victories in match-play. For years before the conclusion of the 1883 Tournament

there had been talk of a match between Zukertort and Steinitz, the friends of each player claiming that their man held the championship of the world. The friends ofSteinitz justi­

fied their claim on his behalf by putting forth his unbroken record as a match player,

whilst Zukertort's friends based their claim on the magnificent run he had made in the

just completed Tournament where he had come out ahead ofSteinitz by 3 games. It was not, however, till 1886, that the match actually was played, and at one time it was gready

feared that it would never come off at all. It was played for the championship of the

world and a stake of £800. The match was divided in three sections; the first was played in New York, the second in St.Louis, and the last in New Orleans, but the facts are so re­

cent that I need only now state, that at the end, victory was with Steinitz, who scored the match with I 0 wins against Zukertort's 5 and 5 draws. Steinitz thus still kept his unbro­

ken record in match-play and retained the championship, while Zukertort experienced his second defeat at his hands. ln 1887, he played a short match with Blackburne and though he made a good stand, he was unable to hold his own and the match ended Zukertort I , Blackburne 5, drawn 8.

45

johannes Zukertort

The 'Last Scene of All' A few words as to the personality of the man. In stature he was short, and indeed, he might be described as a 'dapper little man'. His features were clear-cut, his complex­ ion when in health, ruddy and pleasant, his manner somewhat reserved and retiring to strangers, but he could unfold when with his friends. It has been told to me by one who knew him, that ' if he bore no deep enmities, he evinced no strong attachments'. He was a well-mannered, intellectual man and possessed considerable scholarship. He was not without humour, but it was humour that cannot be put on paper, for much of its effectiveness depended both upon the time and manner of its being sa.id. I remember in the 1883 Tournament when one of the players in the Vizayanagaram Tourney, rushed up to him and said excitedly. 'Oh! Mr.Zukertort, I have just lost a game by such a blunder.' 'My good friend', replied Zukertort with provoking cool­ ness, 'that is really nobody's fault but your own!' In telling this, I know it has not much point, but at the time it was awfully furmy, and as the disappointed player turned away, Zukertort's face with its suppressed mirth, was a study, not mirth be it understood at the player's defeat, but at his eagerness to put forth his excuse of a blunder. Again, when Gunsberg and Burn were playing off one of their tie games in the B.C.A . Congress, an excited by-stander said in a soft voice to Zukertort: 'Do you think Burn will win?' 'My fr iend', replied Zukertort, 'I am not Mr.Burn's brain.' The end came suddenly indeed. He left the BritishChess Club in the afternoon of Tuesday, 19th June, seemingly in good health and certainly in good spirits. In the evening, he entered the Divan and soon after commenced playing a game. After a little, he complained of feeling faint and a little brandy was offered to him, but unconsciousness quickly supervened and he was taken to the British Club for quietness. Here, however, the state of coma deepened, and despite medical aid, his case seemed desperate. He was then removed to the Charing Cross Hospital where, however, he never recovered consciousness in the least, and he died on Wednesday, 20th June, at 1 0 a. m. At the inquest held on his body, the cause of death was given as cerebral haemorrhage. He was buried on Tuesday, 26th June at Brompton Ceme­ tery, a large attendance of Chess friends being present. Amongst these were - the Rev.WWayte and ]as.I.Minchin, representing the St.George's Chess Club. Mr.F.An­ ger, Mr.}. Manning and Mr.F.WLord, representing the City of London Chess Club. Mr.L .Hoffer (chief mourner) and Mr. R.Foster, representing the BritishChess Club. Mr.S.B.Schlessinger, President of the Manhattan Chess Club. Messrs. H.E.Bird and I.Gunsberg, representing the Master-players. Mr. Jas. Wade, (publisher of 'Chess Monthly'), Capt. Beaumont and Messrs. Baldwin, Cubison, Eccles, Gattie, Guest, Hirschfi.eld, Meyer and M.Studer from Paris. Wreaths were sent by the Brighton ChessClub, theCity of LondonChessClub and by Mr.Eccles. La Bourdonnais sleeps in Kensal Green Cemetery. Zukertort now lies in Bromp­ ton, and towards the latest made grave, the Chess players of the whole civilised world cast a pitying glance as they think of him who passed away from their midst in the very prime of life. His work for his beloved game is done, and the Chess world can but mourn his untimely loss.

].G. Cunningham 46

J . H .Zukertort: A German Appreciation :\!any heavy blows to the chess world have already been reported this year but the ?ainful announcement of the death of the great chess master J.H.Zukertort struck all sincere chess-friends more severely than all the others. There was a sober sound :o the telegraphic announcement which made its round through the newspapers: London. The famous chess player Zukertort has died. The writer of these grave "·ords had no idea what the chess community must feel by the announcement of rhis item of news. The loss is irreplaceable. With Zukertort, a piece of modern chess history has been carried to the grave, a star of rare magnificence has gone out for e,·er. Only he who has stood in the centre of chess life of the modern era is able to appreciate the significance of this chess hero in full measure. For a decade, Zukertort's name was praised as one of the most excellent and brilliant; he was the centre of general interest; the victor of two world-class tournaments no longer dwells amongst the living ! Johannes Hermann Zukertort was born on 7 September 1 842 in Lublin (Russian Poland) . His father was a missionary. Apart from Lublin, Zukertort spent his early routh also in Wa rsaw and Petrikau. Already as a boy, besides other extraordinary talents, he displayed a rare memory. He was given his first instruction in the paren­ tal home, then attended the Gymnasium in Petrikau for a year, and after moving with his parents to Breslau at the beginning of 1 85 5, the Maria Magdalen Gymna­ sium of that town. He remained there for the duration of the German school­ leaving examination, until 1 8 6 1 . His parents in the meantime had moved to Posen. He made his first acquaintance with chess in his gymnasium days. One day in 1 85 8 he came home from the fair, and, beaming with joy, showed his brother a little carved wooden chess set that he had bought there for about 3 0 pfennig. He enthu­ siastically explained to his attentive listener that he had learned, from a school­ mate, a game which was much more beautiful than draughts. For good or bad, his brother was initiated into the mysteries of the new art. However, if we ignore this modest beginning, Zukertort's chess dates first from 1 8 6 1 . At this time he was a student of medicine and frequented the Academic Chess Club of Breslau. His acquaintance with Professor Anderssen, who was then working as a school-teacher in Breslau, gave his life a special direction. Anderssen soon recognised his enthusi­ astic student as an up and coming talent; his gifted pupil made particular progress; he had a preference for playing with the young Zukertort, at first with odds of a knight, though already after a short time on equal terms. Already in 1 862, Zukertort was reckoned as the second best chess player in Breslau. In the same year, Zukertort, on a visit to his parents, eo-founded the Posen Chess Club. In 1 864 he played 7 games with G.R.Neumann, of which each won 2 games, 3 were drawn. Thus equal play was reflected by an equal score. His later opponent, Mieses, could no longer put up energetic resistance against the increasingly more powerful chess talent. He was utterly defeated by his younger partner.

47

]ohannes Zukertort In the campaign of 1 866, Zukertort took part as a voluntary doctor. Soon after :-.�: return in 1 867 he moved to Berlin to work in chess literature, taking o·.-�� G.R.Neumann's position as editor of the Neue Berliner Schachzeitung. Already ::. 1 868, he excited people with his extraordinary talent for blindfold play. in whic:. he later became an undisputed master, a remarkable sensation. As is well knovvn :-.� first competed in great tournaments in the years 1 8 6 8 and 1 869, when :-.� appeared for the first time as a contender in the West German tournaments

�:

Aachen 1 868 and Hamburg and Barmen 1 869. In 1 868 he also lost a short mate:. against Anderssen, but he defeated his teacher under similar conditions in 1 8 7 I . In June 1 8 72, he travelled to England, first of all with the intention to fight ot:: his first match with Steinitz, but then taking up permanent residence. In the Lor.­ don tournament of 1 8 7 2, Steinitz was 1st, Blackburne 2nd, Zukertort 3rd. His fir�: hard duel with his great rival Steinitz ended with an utter defeat for Zukertort, hi5 opponent won 7 games, he only l , with 4 draws. A short match with Cecil de Verc ended 2 to 1 in his favour; in 1 8 75 he defeated Potter by 4-2 with 8 draws. In the Leipzig tournament of 1 87 7 he won 3rd prize, in Cologne, during the same year. the 1st. But not until 1 8 7 8 did he compete in a real world-class tournament, at Paris. There, he also saw his chess teacher Anderssen for the last time. His succes� was surprising. Zukertort arrived at a play-off for the 1st and 2nd prizes \'.rith Winawer, and won. In 1 880 he defeated Rosenthal in a match by 7 - 1 , with I I draws, in 1 8 8 1 , Blackburne by 7-2 and 5 draws. In the international tournament at

Vienna 1 882, Zukertort tied for 4th-5th prize with Mackenzie; in addition he won a special prize for the one who had had the greatest success against the first three prizewinners. The high-point of his chess career, however, was the international master tour­ nament in London 1 88 3 ; Zukertort achieved a victory there, as few in the chess world could emulate. Of the first 2 3 decisive games, he won 22, so that he secured first prize, four points ahead ofSteinitz. But not only this extra-brilliant success was generally admired; people also admired the victorious weapons with which Zukertort rose to this height. In this tournament, Zukertort had bestowed his most marvellous gifts to the chess world. Here, his splendid game with Blackburne was enough to prove what depth and beauty of combination Zukertort was capable of Since that unparalleled victory, Zukertort's star was in decline. The well known defeat against Steinitz in 1 886, in a great match which for a long time was in doubt but then did take place in a great extravagance of publicity, upset his reputation and undermined completely Zukertort's anyway not very sound health. The encourag­ ing start to this last of his great chess battles justified the bold expectations; but it was deceptive, and the way this great dispute of the two stars turned out caused general disappointment. After his earlier successes, one should not mention Zukertort's further participation in great tournaments, as at Frankfurt on Main and London 1 8 8 7 . Zukertort's strength had been waning for a long time; the great chess master, in the last period, spoke of his play in a melancholy way with a sort of bitter irony. This short survey on the exceptional career of a highly gifted man who, in his last years, was very wrongly much maligned and criticised, will hopefully 48

j . H .Zukertort: A German Appreciation :mce again demonstrate to our readers his importance. Instead of poking fun at :tim, as unfortunately happened many times, people should have pitied him and :-�ot just felt that he was no longer the Zukertort of 1 883. A fallen great needs genteel consideration and the most loving respect. Zukertort was also busy as a writer: thus he edited the Neue Berliner Schachzeitung ·,,·ith Anderssen from August 1 867 to December 1 8 7 1 (Berlin, Julius Springer). In i 868 came out in the same edition his

Endgames. In

Collection of Selected Problems, Studies and Brief Guide to Chess. A further

the same place he brought out his book

guide, as well as a

Handbook of Chess,

both works written jointly with J.Dufresne,

�ame out in 1 870, published by Von Schweigger in Berlin. All other material, for example Zukertort's Blindfold Play or other published books under Zukertort's name, o.re by his own admission absolute fakes. Zukertort did not contribute a stroke of :he pen in their collaboration. His chess journalistic work in England began already in 1 8 72. However not until 1 8 7 3 was he an editor of the

Westminster Papers.

He

�emained with this magazine until the end of 1 876. During this time he was also for two years the main collaborator with the City of London Magazine. In September

1879 he founded his own magazine, the Chess Monthly. The editorship was carried out jointly with his loyal friend L.Hoffer. who did not desert him for the rest of his life.

Chess Monthly alone had more subscribers

than all other magazines combined,

that were published in the English language. This says enough for the quality of its contents. Zukertort was in his time also a popular personality in Germany. His extensive tours, on which he visited countless small chess clubs, brought him into personal contact with a great contingent of chess friends. On these tours, he acquired a ,,·ell-grounded profession as an excellent blindfold and simultaneous player. Zukertort played, with the greatest ease, 8-1 0 games at the same time from memory. During these displays. he joked, he drank, took free and easy rest breaks in which he talked about politics, indeed about anything except chess. Also during the games he delighted the players and others present with humourous remarks. Every­ one was convinced that Zukertort carried out his difficult task without great strain. He would often be extremely disparaging towards simultaneous play: 'If I were a sportsman and could ride a bicycle so as not to be tired through walking about, I would play against 200 opponents at the same time.' These are approximately his words - Zukertort was not equipped with that soundness of health that chess, above all the participation in great tournaments. absolutely demands. and therefore all the more admirable are his success and his stamina. He was afflicted by a heart defect from his youth, during the '80s he suffered from this deep-rooted weakness even more as a very severe rheumatism set in which made his pain even worse. Also his tournament results were very often influenced by his state of health. Thus he came to the Vienna tournament severely affected, lost in the beginning against weaker opponents; not until the second half of the tournament, after an interven­ ing pause, did he play at full strength and he lost only one more game, through which he secured a special prize. Also in the London tournament 1 8 8 3. though to all appearances well-disposed, he found it difficult to compete because of his 49

]ohannes Zukertort suffering. He had to take digitalis and other strong measures. Nobody doubted tha• the result of his match with Steinitz was attributable, at least partly, to his weakened state of health. In New York still fresh, already in St. Louis he began to suffer from insomnia, he was ill in New Orleans with a fever, which in fact planted the germ of death in his chest and, through frequent recurrence during his last years, weakened him more and more. Whilst visiting his brother in Berlin 1887, he suffered a severe heart spasm, which he however overcame. At that time he already predicted that he would die a sudden death, which in fact did occur: on Tuesday 1 9 June 1888 he collapsed from a cardiac arrest during a chess game in Simpson's Divan, the well­ known meeting-place of London chess players. He was taken, unconscious, first of all to the nearby British Chess Club and from there to the Charing Cross Hospital, where he died the following morning at

I 0.15.

Zukertort was a bachelor. He had the great misfortune that the girl, Emma Kurz, whom he deeply loved and had chosen for his bride, became danger­ ously ill whilst a student of medicine, and passed away in the prime of life. Zukertort's death is mourned by his 7 3 year old sick mother and his four broth­ ers and sisters. His father died before him on 2 December 1887. Zukertort was a charming compan­ ion, always stimulating and lively. He knew how to place himself in the centre of society without being obtrusive. He Hermann von Gottschall

shared his rich store of experience, which he liked to make use of in conversation, was familiar with science and literature and displayed an often sarcastic humour with pertinent and keen re-

marks. He bubbled over with a wealth of anecdotes, which he delivered constantly with the best humour. The question as to whether Zukertort should be counted among German or English chess players would often be raised. He called himself a German in a letter n i December 1886 to this writer, when he complained of the fact that a section of the German press seemed to gloat over his defeat against Steinitz. In any event he is of German origin, enjoyed German schooling, first of all edited a German chess magazine, and was a pupil of the most famous German master.

so

H. von Gottschall

In Commemoration of J.H.Zukertort The 7th September, 1 842, saw the birth of ].H.Zukertort, one of the greatest chess :nasters of the last century. His birthplace was Lublin, which, at that time, was part of Russian Poland. He n : oved to Breslau in 1 85 5 , where he became a pupil at the high school. He then siUdied medicine at the University of that town. As far as I know he never practised, although he is said to have taken part in the ,,·ar of 1 86 6 as a volunteer surgeon in the Prussian Army. Even if true, this would amount to very little. as we all know that this campaign lasted hardly more than a "·eek. The fact is that his sole occupation, from 1 8 67 in Berlin, and from 1 872 onwards in London, was exclusively that of a chess master and chess author. He died in London in 1 8 88 from heart disease. an ailment from which he suffered already in his younger days. Before discussing Zukertort's chess career, I would like first to refer to a point of historical and biological interest which applies also to chess. In an article which appeared some time ago in the Contemporary Review, and which was reproduced in several English chess publications, I have discussed the interesting and pertinent question: at what age does man reach the zenith of his mental powers? In this article I have pointed out that the experience gained in the field of chess contests provides valuable data for this controversy. Chess statistics show that, although nearly all great chess masters have had remarkable achievements to their credit when still in their teens. they have developed their gifts slowly and gradually - one might even say the greater their talent, the slower their developmem - until, at approximately 40, they have reached the summit of their powers. Zukertort's chess career drastically supports this theory of mine. When I made his acquaintance in 1 8 8 1 , he £Old me: 'It is now twenty years ago since your uncle was giving me odds of the Queen.' My uncle, Dr.S.Mieses. who lived in Breslau, was one of the strongest masters in Germany. Through frequent encounters with him and particularly with Anderssen, young Zukertort made rapid progress and, after a few years. he reached full master­ strength. He stepped into the international arena for the first time in Hamburg in 1 869, when he won the third prize. He obtained the same result in London, 1 8 7 2 , and Leipzig, 1 87 7 , here behind L.Paulsen and Anderssen. In 1 8 7 1 he won a match from Anderssen, who, be it said, was not a good match player, but he was beaten decisively by Steinitz in 1 8 72. All this tends to show that Zukertort did not belong to those meteoric beings of which Morphy, Pillsbury. Capablanca are shining exam­ ples. Up to 1 87 7 his development shows nothing sudden. nothing sensational. It is rather a slow and steady maturing ofhis powers. At that time he ranked as a strong. bur not a front rank master, and it must be counted as a remarkable and psychologically exceptional case that Zukertort, at the 51

Johannes Zukenort

age of 36, should suddenly, in the space of one year, arise as one of the wor: : , leading matadors. His victory in Paris, where he won the first prize after a tie ma::.: with Winawer, very naturally created a sensation in the chess world. 'This is not ::. : Zukertort oflast year', remarked Anderssen on his return from Paris. In Berlin, 1 8 8 1 , he came in second, behind Blackburne; in Vienna, 1 882. he w;_; equal fourth with Mackenzie. He won matches from Rosenthal ( 1 880, by 7 - I a:-.: 1 1 draws), and Blackburne ( 1 8 8 1 , by 7-2 and 5 draws) . Zukertort's greatest success was achieved in the London Tournament of 1 8 8 3 . :. brilliant and unprecedented achievement. This was a double-round fixture "-:::: fourteen participants, among which were nearly all the strongest players in r:-.7 world. With three rounds only to go, Zukertort was leading with five points, aheh8?

I might have still drawn with I 8 ... �g7 1 9 �g3 + (if J 9.�xe6, then 1 9 ... Wxf6 20.gds .l:tg8 2 I .c3 lbe6 with a win­ ning superiority of material) I 9 ...Wxf6 20.'l!!Yh 4+ �g7 2 1 .'1Wg5+ �h8 2 2.�f6+ etc. .

1 9._gxe6 fxe6 21.lbxf8 il.xf8

20.lbd7

�c7

Of course, if2 J ...lhf8, then 22.c3 lbb5 23.a4, winning a piece. 22.c3

16 ...l!Jd4 17.tbd5

22. .lbb5 Tlus and Black's next move were played to avoid the exchange of queens, which must have proved ruinous to Black, whose scattered pawns wouJd be then indefensible. But by letting White's queen undisturbed in my ranks, I gave Mr.Sellman an opportwlity to display his powers of combination, of which he availed himself with rare vigour and brilliancy of the highest order. .

17....�e6?

A blunder which leads to the loss of the

exchange and of the game. Black should S6

Zukertort 's Breakdown 23.1Wd7 �b6 24.l:ld3 fi.g7 25.Ug3 figS 26.l:td1 CiJa7 27.'Wif7 �c6 :f 27 . . .'ii"xb2, White mates in three moves, beginning with 28.'t!fxg7+ � 7 ... h6 would be equally ineffective as :he text move. for White wins then \\·ith 28.h3 and 29J:td7. 2S.llxg7! llxg7 29.�fS+ l:lgS 30.'�f6+ l:lg7 31.l:td7 Black resigns.

Evans Gambit

Zu.kertort Mortimer

London tournament. I S June 1 8 83

Notes by Zukertort 1.e4 e5 2.CiJf3 CiJc6 3.fl.c4 fl.c5 4.b4 $.xb4 5.c3 $.aS 6.d4 exd4 7.0-0 dxc3 S.'ii'b3 'ik'f6 9.e5 'iYg6 1 O.CiJxc3 CiJge 7 1 1 .�a3 fibS The Handbuch gives it as Anderssen 's defence: I would rather call it one of the many experiments of the late Master - I do not consider it satisfactory: the vari­ ation 1 J .fl.a3 represents, in my opin­ ion, the most lasting form of attack in the 'Compromised', and its defence stands and falls with 1 1 ...0-0.

1 2.CiJd5 The strongest continuation. and far su­ perior to J 2 .CiJbS (?), the only variation given in the Handbudt.

1 2...CiJxd5 Black had to guard against the loss of the king's bishop, threatened after the exchange of the two pieces with 'ti'a3+. Besides the text move he has the contin­ uation: 1 2 ...b5 1 3 .CiJxe7 CiJxe7 ( 1 3 ... bxc4 14.CiJxg6 etc., loses at least the exchange) 1 4.�xe7 'it>xe7 J S .�a3+ 'it>e8 ( I S . . .Wd8 1 6.fi.d3 'ii'b6 1 7 .CiJgS etc.) J 6 .'ifxa5 bxc4 1 7.'i!i'xc7 'ifb6 1 8.'ti'd6 (my own con­ tinuation; after 1 8 .'iVxc4 �a6, White cannot get any equivalent for the lost exchange) 1 8 ... 1Wxd6 1 9 .exd6 fl.a6 20JHe1 + �f8 (if 20.A;>d8, then 2 J .CiJgS) 2 1 ..l:te7, with a fine attack. 1 3.fl.xd5

1 3...CiJdS If 1 3 ... bS, White gets a winning attack - originally played by ].Dufresne of Berlin - with 1 4 .e6! fxe6 1 5 .�xc6 dxc6 1 6.CiJe5 'ife4 1 7 .'iYg3 g6 (if 1 7 ...l'lg8, then 1 8.1Wgs b4 1 9.lladl 'if� moves 20.l'ld7) 1 8.'it'g5 b4 1 9.'ilf6 (if 19Jladl, Black escapes by 1 9 . . . 0-0) 1 9 ...llf8 20.'ifg7 bxa3 2 l .llad 1 ! (threatening mate in two moves) 2 l . . .�h4 22.CiJxc6, and White comes out at least with the exchange ahead. 14.l:tad1 b5 15.1:1d4 b4 16.CiJh4 1Wb6 17.�b2 CiJe6 1S.CiJf5! g6 57

Johannes Zukertort

If 1 8 ...tLlxd4, White gets an over­ whelming attack with 1 9 .�xf7 + and 20 ...Q.xd4. 1 9.�xe6 fxe6

'ii'e8 30.�f6 c6 3 l .tLle6 and 32.: tLld8 accordingly.

26 ...l:rd8 27.e7 Wb7 28.exd8 • l:lxd8

If 1 9 ... dxe6, then 20.tLlg7+ �f8 (best) 2 I .�f3 .Q.b7 ( 2 1 ...�a6 22.l:td7) 2 2.'iVf6 (threatening 23 .tLlxe6+) 22 ...�g8 23.l:tfd 1 . 20.ttJg7+ �d8

If 20 ...Wf7 or f8, White forces the game with 2 1 .'iVf3+ �g8 ( 2 1 ...Wxg7 22.'ii'f6 + �g8 23.lH4) 22.'iVf6, fol­ lowed by 23.tLle8 or 23JH4 accord­ ingly -if20 ...We7, then 2 l .'iVg3. 21 .tLlxe6+ we7 22.tLlf4

Going in for brilliancy and neglecting the simple win with 22.tLlgs l:tf8 23 .tLlxh7 l:tf7 24.'i:Wh3 etc., or 24.tLlgS and 2S.l::th4. 22....ib7 23.l:txd7+

The sacrifice of the rook is not abso­ lutely unsound - cf. note to White's 26th move - but I had a forced win with 23.l:tfdl l:t(any)d8 24.'Wh3. 23...wxd7 24.'iVf7+ wee 25.e6 �a6

Mr. Mortimer conducts the game from this point in unexceptionable style. The text move provides Black with fair pros­ pects to save the day. 26.l:rc1 ?

Weak: I could still come out with the exchange ahead by continuing with: 26Jidl Wb7 2 7.�xh8 l:rxh8 28.e7 'ir'bs (if28 ...�b5, then 29.'iff8) 29.h3

29.ttJe6?

I overlooked Black's crushing reply: r:-.: game would be about even ab·� 29.tLldS 'iVd6 30.tLle3 etc. 29..Jld5

Absolutely decisive, for, of course, wi::.-. three pawns against one on the queen·; side and the attack, Black must win. 30.�f6

There were better moves, but non:: could save the game against best play. 1:· 30.tLlxc7, Black wins at once wit!·. 30 ...l:rfs. 30...'iYc61 31.l::ta 1 �c4 32.�e7 §'dG 33.'ti'xd6 �xd6 34.tLlc5+ �c6 35.ttJe4 J:e6 36.f3 �b6+ 37.e3 fS!), he allows his partner to expose his king. The reader is given the chance to compare this match with the contest between the same rivals in 1 886. The change which Steinitz's style went through is immediately striking. But in this match the future champion appears as a representative of the com­ binational style... Incidentally, it is not so simple to attack the king. For exam­ ple, an immediate 8 . . .fxg2+ 9.Wxg2 llt'h3+ 1 O.�g 1 does not promise any­ thing good. On 1 O . . g3 follows 1 1 .�fl ! gxh2+ 1 2Jhh2 with an obvious ad­ vantage for White. .

59

johannes Zukerton 8...d6 9.tLld3 �g7 But here 9 ... fxg2+ was now better, if only, on I O.xg2, to reply I O ...�g7. After, for example, 1 l .tLlf4 tLlc6 1 L�e3 0-0 1 3.'ifd2 �h8, Black has a good game. Not long before the match, Zukertort gave a detailed analysis of the Salvio Gambit in the Neue Berliner Schach­ zeitung, the magazine which he edited. In this position, the German master ex­ amined two continuations - 1 o.�e3 and 1 O.tLlf4. But there is also a third... 10.g3 The white knight, now already on d3, plays an important role. White's chances lie in the exploitation ofhis su­ periority in the centre. In this position, his king s i comparatively safe. 1 0...'ild8 Not ! O .. .'it'h3+? l l .�e l , and both l L.�xd4 1 2.tLlf4! f2+ 1 3 .�d2 and l l . . .'il'g2 1 2 .tLlf2 followed by �fl are more than unpleasant for Black. 1 1.tLlf4 0-0

1 2.h3 Steinitz wants to loosen the far ad­ vanced enemy pawns, thereby opening the h-file. But this natural plan allows Zukertort an original means of obtain­ ing counterplay. Another possibility was 1 2 . tLlhS with the threat to win a piece by 1 3 .'it'd2. There might follow 60

1 L.�h8 1 L�.e3 tLlc6 1 4.'ii'd2 lt:.g� White's position looks threatening, b·,: : Blackhas counterplay with ...fS . 1 2...tLlc6 1 3.ttJh5 White defends the d4-pawn indirectly. 1 3 ...gxh3 14.tLld5 tLlg4 15.c3 tLle7 1 6 .tLldf4 On 1 6.'�xf3, Zukertort would haYt probably continued 1 6 ... lLlxd 3 1 7 -�xdS c6 and then 1 8 ... h2. Steinitz decides to first 'deal with' th.: h-pawn and open a file. 16 ... ttJg6 17.ttJxh3 �e6 18.�xe6 Steinitz considered this obligatOr,· exchange (otherwise Black plays . . .fS 1 . with the following knight thrusr. favourable for himself 1 8...fxe6 1 9.lUg5 $.h6!

X 'if • • j. j. j. j. · � IA .t. - · tt:J tt:J £::, £::, � � £::, £::, £::, £::, n � 'it' � 1l A witty idea! On 20.tLlxe6 Zukertort intended 20 ...�xc l ! If now 2 LtLlxd8, then 2 L .tLle3+. On 2 L'i¥xcl follows 2L.'ii'e7! 22.tLlxf8 't'Vxe4 23 .'ifd2 f2 24.llh3 llxf8 and Black wins. 20.'i.fb3! .txg5 21.�xe6+ Uf7 22.t!lxg4 �xc1 23Jbc1 1i'e8 24.c4 A check on b S was threatened. 24...d5? Of course, the pawn cannot be taken, but now Steinitz obtains a passed pawn in the centre and, most importantly, the f6 square.

Zukerton and Sceinitz 3:ack had a choice between two contin­

l 'it'

.:ations - the sharp 24 ... b5 and perhaps :::e positionally more well-grounded : + . . .'ii'e7, allowing the connection of ::1e rooks and, possibly, the mainte­ �ance of the f3-pawn.

-

25.e51 dxc4 26Jbc4 1i'b5 27.b3 �a6 28.tbf6+

£::,

-=-he consequence of the 24th move 3lack has to give up the exchange. 28..J1xf6 29.exf6 'ii'xf6 30.l:txc7 .!lea \\'hite 's

position is winning, though it �equires him to be accurate - his king is st in the history of chess competition, in which the winner was to be honoured ·.·:i th the title of'Champion of the World'. The reader is already familiar with the main achievements of Zukertort. Johannes :-:ermann Zukertort was born in Lublin in 1 842. His father was a German mission­ �:r. his mother came from a Polish aristocratic family. Zukertort became acquainted ·...·ith chess at 1 3 years of age in Breslau. Here he met his future teacher and then

�:Yal, Anderssen. After receiving a medical education, Zukertort moved to Berlin. In

: 370 he took part in the Franco-Prussian war as a doctor. The London tournament : 8 7 2 marked the beginning of the professional chess career of Zukertort, who

=·�om this time settled in England. Steinitz became a chess professional without fin­ =�hing high school. Zukertort gave up the practice ofmedicine for the sake of chess. Zukertort's contributions to chess literature were considerable. In Berlin : 8 6 7 - 7 1 he was joint editor with Anderssen of the

Neue Berliner Schachzeitung. Chess Monthly in

: moving to England, Zukertort eo-founded the magazine ..Jrer

: 8 7 9. The world-famous Great Chess Handbook by Zukertort and the German master Jufresne, went through three Russian editions - in 1 872, 1884 and 1 8 9 6 . Zukertort was an excellent blindfold chess player. In this art he had n o equal. 3efore him, nobody had conducted more than twelve games in this way. In 1 8 7 6 ,

Zukertort gave an exhibition on 1 6 boards ( + 1 2 -I =3). Zukertort was an exceptionally gifted man. His unusual memory contained hun6-eds of games of the old masters - from the first move to the last. He had knowledge

"Jf t\1\'elve languages, including Russian, Greek, Latin, Sanskrit. Hebrew and Arabic.

The sharp polemics mentioned previously, the competing standpoints of Steinitz md Zukertort both in England and the world chess arena, the dispute about the conditions of the match, still did not undermine their relations. After the London

iOurnament 1 8 83, the result of which Steinitz took to heart, he had the courage to estimate

at true worth the

mastery of his

rival.

Annotating the

game,

Zukertort-Blackburne, played in this contest, Steinitz wrote: 'In conjunction with White's previous play, this forms one of the most noble combinations, perhaps even the most beautiful of any that has been created on the chessboard. No words are sufficient to express our admiration for the mastery with which Zukertort has conducted this game.' The combination made by Zukertort was indeed a masterpiece; nevertheless, it \\"aS necessary for Steinitz to give his due. Nowadays, it is not customary to spoil a rival with an enthusiastic appreciation. However an overall result is determined not by an individual brilliant combina­

::on, remarkable though it was. According to L.Bachmann - his future biographer-

67

Johonnes Zukertort

Steinitz wrote: 'With genuine strength is assumed also a strength of character, and in this respect I therefore have doubts about the genius ofZukertort.' And so, on I I January, the long-awaited match between Steinitz and Zukertort began in New York. Unusually for a chess contest, it was preceded by wide, Ameri­ can-style publicity. Nowadays this would perhaps not surprise anybody. but then was the first time i t happened in the area of chess. Besides the match conditions, the programme included brief information about the history of chess, biographies of the contestants and even recollections ofMorphy. Before the match, Steinitz wrote in the International Chess Magazine- 'Of course, I hope to demonstrate the best I am capable of Since my change of residence, my health has considerably improved. I want - he added - by making such a declara­ tion, to burn my bridges, which I might have need of in order to explain defeat.' But now we go over to the hall of Carrier's Academy on Fifth Avenue in New York. A specially erected stage was set aside for the contestants and seconds. On the wall hung a demonstration board with movable pieces, just as in modern times. At two o'clock such a crowd of spectators gathered in the hall, that there were not enough places for everybody. Not only were more or less all the well-known New York players here, but also a great number of visitors, several coming specially from a long way away to be present at the match. Here were the presidents of the chess dubs of Philadelphia, Chicago. San Francisco and other tOwns. There were also quite a few ladies. Steinitz and Zukertort, accompanied by their seconds, presented themselves at two o'clock precisely. The seconds set up the chess pieces on the historical table on which Morphy had gained so many victories, and cast lots for who was to start. The first move fell to the lot ofZukertort. The opponents sat down at the table. A deadly silence ensued and Zukertort advanced the queen 's pawn. The game lasted until six in the evening. There followed a two-hour dinner break, after which the game continued for another hour and a quarter. Captain Mackenzie repeated the moves on the demonstration board (which was quite a big 'democratic detail'; the moves were demonstrated not by an ordinary amateur, but by a famous master, a prize­ winner of an international tournament, winner of a match for the title of cham­ pion of the USA). The moves themselves were immediately transmitted by tele­ graph, not only to various American clubs. but even to London. The match attracted enormous attention. Newspapers published not only the games. Here is how one of the New York papers described the contestants of the match. Steinitz: 'With a half-bald head, great cinnamon-brown side whiskers looking like a mane, and lively, piercing eyes.' Zukertort: 'Lean, with a short beard, setting off his face in a frame. While he is thinking about the position, his eyes are fiery... Suddenly he makes a move like a flash oflightning.' 'Steinitz looks more calm, not saying much... From time to time, while the opponent is thinking, he walks up and down with a blank look, insensitive to all that is going on around.' 68

Zukertort and Steinitz ::.:.kertort is more active, he fidgets in his armchair, rubs his hands, readily talks to ?-::)pie nearby... Zukertort plays quickly, Steinitz more slowly, more surely.' The first game ended in an impressive victory for Steinitz. In reply to his oppo­ ' :-.::m s advance on the queen's flank, he carried out a counter-blow in the centre and � � hieved a space advantage. Then, by regrouping his forces, Steinitz created threats . :: the king's flank. A knight sacrifice demolished the Pawn cover of Zukertort's ,:::1g and his position became hopeless. In an interview after the game, Zukertort �.:knowledged that his defeat was due to his opponent's excellent play. Steinitz played the second game with the white pieces. In the so-called Scotch ? )Ur Knights Opening. he acted indecisively and Zukertort succeeded in seizing the ::1itiative. Shortly afterwards. Zukertort went over to an attack on the king's flank. .�.dmittedly, on the 23rd move he made a serious mistake, but Steinitz did not -:xploit it and, by increasing the pressure, Zukertort led the game to victory. The ;.:ore stood at I : I . Looking at the games, one is convinced that it was not only Steinitz who con­ :ucted the struggle in a manner unusual for a representative of the combinative ;chooL Zukertort did not go headlong into the dashing attacks which were ::xpected of him. With white, he chose solid, closed openings, and endeavoured to �dYance not on the king's, but on the queen's flank. In the second encounter, Zukertort strived to cramp his opponent and conduct the struggle with an exploita­ tion of the two bishops and an advantage in space. Steinitz had finally broken with the ·old school'. The match with Zukertort was :"or him not only a duel for the title of champion of the world, but also a creative laboratory in which he could carry out experiments which he had conceived long before. There is no better illustration of Steinitz's methodical play, fully in accordance with his teachings, than the third game of the match (New York, 1 5 January 1 886), \vhich was won... by Zukertort!

of I 3 .'it'd 1 , Black would continue 1 3 ... b5! 14.tt::lc3 eS with the initiative.

1 3 ... b6 14.cxb6 tt::lxb6 15.l0xb6 Xtxb6 16.'iVc3 •b7 1 7.rla2

It would be better to defend the b2-pawn by 17.�cl.

1 7...l0d718.�d1 c5

Steinitz (Black) played here 12 .. Jlfb8, intending to open the b-file, on which Zukertort replied 1 3.0-0. In the event

The possibility of winning a pawn by 1 8 ... �bl 19.llal Xtxb2 has presented itself Steinitz did not like Black's posi­ tion after 20 ..ta4 l0b8 2 l .l:tc1 l:ta6. Therefore, without being distracted from his intended plan, he decides to 69

Joha nnes Zukertort

continue operations on the queen's flank. In Chigorin's opinion, the ma­ noeuvre ...Ab l -a2-c4 allows Black to free his knight and rook from the de­ fence of the c6-pawn, and thus the b2-pawn was worth taking. All the same, one would think that Steinitz was right: it is not easy to un­ ravel the tangle of black pieces. Thus, after 22.l:td l . 22 ... �a2 is not possible in view of23.�cl . 1 9...ta4 On 19.b3, which would prevent rhe advance ...c4, 1 9 ...l:tc6 is good. From now on, Black develops strong pressure on the qucen's flank. 1 9...c4 20.�c1 tlJf6 21.�c3 $..d6 White has defended the weak points on the queen's flank, and Steinitz regroups his forces for aClion on the other flank. 22.f3 Giving Black a new object of attack. However, on other continuations, Steinitz would have been able to de­ velop an attack by means of ... hS fol­ lowed by ...h4 (as the reader will see, it is dangerous for White to play h4). After driving back the g3-knighr. Black installs a knight on e4 whereupon an exchange on c3 and an invasion on the b-file is threatened. 22 ...�b8! How can the g3-square be defended? 2 3.'t�Ne I will not do in view of 2 3 . . .�d3. On 2 3 .lying to 2 l ...tbd6 or 2 J ...tbe7 with : : .lWf4.

29.'fics 'fi'dl+ 3 0 .�h2 .teS+ 3 l .�g2 'it'xdS+ 3 2 .'ifxd5 Ac6, Black wins the endgame.

29..tc4?

A blunder in reply. Both Steinitz and Zukertort do not take into account the simple retreat of the bishop to e3. By at­ tacking the pawns on the queen's flank, White maintains material equality. After missing this surprising opportunity, Zukertort loses by force.

29...'ii'f3 30.'i!Ve3 If30.�fl or 30.�fl. then 30 ...i.c6. 30. ifd1 + 31.Wh2 .tc6 32.i.e7 On 3 2 ..txh6 decisive is 3 2 ...Axh6 3 3 .'ii'xh6 'ir'h l + 34.�g3 'ikg 1 +. How­ ever a similar variation occurs in the game. ..

I I

'' 21 ...tbxd41 22.tbxd4 e5 23.tbd5 )n other replies, Black is left with an -::xtra pawn.

23 ..Jbc1 24.'ii'xc1 25Jbd4 tbxd5 26.:xd5

.t.

1-

exd4

26 . .txd8 ..txd4 2 7 ..txdS. then � 7 ... 'it'd6, attacking two pieces at )nee.

::·

26 ...llxd5 27.�xd5 'fi'e21

The concluding move of the combina­ :ion - a consequence of the weakening of White's king's flank. The simulta­ �eous attack on the g4- and b2-squares leads to material advantage.

28.h3 h6? White, of course, cannot take the h6-pawn (29 ..txh6? .txh6 30.1hh6 'J,J/1d 1 +), however Steinitz's move misses a win. 2 8 ....txb2 was correct. After

32.-.te5+1 33.f4 The bishop cannot be taken: 33.'iixe5 'il'hl + 34.�g3 'ii'g 2+ '·\3 S .�h4 ( 3 5 . �f4 'ii'xf2 mate) 35 . . . 'i¥xf2+ 36.'i¥g3 gS+.

33....txf4+

Quite sufficient, but more beautiful

would be 3 3 ...g5!!, and on 34.\!heS or 34.fxe5 follows 34... 'ifh 1 + and 35 ...'iYg2 mate.

34.'ifxf4 'ifh1 + 35/.itg3 'iig1 +

White resigned.

The score stood at 3:4. Tired from seven decisive games, the rivals at last took 'time-out' . In the eighth encounter, after a quiet and not very interesting game, a 79

Johannes Zukertort draw was already agreed on the 22nd move. To make up for it, the next game turned out to be one of Lhe most interesting of the match. Zukertort once again held a position with a central isolated pawn, and Steinitz carried out a siege ofit.

Queen's Gambit

Zukertort Steinitz 9th Match Game, St.Louis, I 0 February 1886 1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.tt:'lc3 tt:'lf6 4.tt:'lf3 dxc4 5.e3

By a transposition of moves, the so-called classical position of the Queen's Gambit Accepted has been reached. However, instead of S.e3, Zukertort had available the more ener­ getic continuation 5.e4. On S ...cS, strong is 6.d5, and if 6 ... exd5 - 7.e5!. But this is a conclusion of modern theory. The match between Steinitz and Zukerton took place in the 19th cen­ tury. 5...c5

After giving up the centre, Black at once undermines it. 6.�xc4 cxd4 7.exd4

:i � A � * A :i j. j. j. .t. .t. ... �

It is interesting that contemporaries (including M.Chigorin in S!Jnklmwtny Vestnik, 1 886) condemned this natural move, after which White is left with an isolated pawn in the centre, but with freer piece play. Rmming ahead half a 80

century, we refer the reader to the cre­ ative work of Borvinnik, who repeat­ edly demonstrated the advantages of White's position. In contemporary practice, variations with the isolated d4-pawn with a locked-in black queen's bishop are met in three openings: the Queen's Gambit (Accepted and De­ clined), and the Nimzo-Indian and Caro-Kann Defences. This position is considered typical, and the plan of play now well-studied. But Zukerton and Steinitz were 'pioneers', they trod un­ known paths. To Steinitz's credit goes the working out of a plan to besiege the isolated pawn. This credit is not dimin­ ished by the fact that the final evalua­ tion of such positions has today changed. 7...ii.e7 8.0-0 0-0 The d4-pa·wn is an excellent object for attack. Despite the fact that White's pieces are more actively placed. the chances are on Black's side - thus con­ sidered Steinitz. But already Tarrasch maintained that the excellent position of his pieces gives White the premise for an attack in the centre and on the king's flartk. We vvill see how Steinitz coped with all these problems. 9.�e2 A position which might well have stood on the board in another match for the between championship world Botvinnik and Petrosian and also in any game of our day. It is interesting that the move 9.�e2, which is nowadays made

Zukertort and Steinitz �!most automatically, was condemned )y Emanuel Lasker himself! Zukertort prepares to make combina­ :ions. Instead of this he ought to sys­ :ematically build up his position, grad­ :.Jally accumulating small advantages, ":>m it is precisely this which he does not know how to do.' (Manual ofChess) Lasker called the move 9.'ife2, in all Zukertort's future games, a 'mistaken !Tlethod'. But as the reader will see, up w a certain point Zukertort acted on a positional basis. It was only later on that he made a mistake. 9 . tt:lbd7 In contemporary practice, the black queen's knight is more often developed onc6. . .

1 o.�b3 tt:lb6

particularly active on this square, and, in addition to this, the present move is attended by a loss of tempo' - wrote M.Euwe (Course of Chess Lessons, 1936). But nevertheless the 1 9 3Os Soviet mas­ ter, N.Ryumin, achieved good results with the same system. Admittedly, he transferred the bishop later on not to g 3 . as Zukertort did, but to eS. Perhaps the most unpleasant arrange­ ment of forces for Black in the Steinitz Variation is 1 IJldl and, on 1 1 ...tt:lbd5, 1 2.�g5. The continuation 1 2 ... 'it'aS 1 3 .l:ac1 l:ld8 1 4.tt:le5 leaves White the better chances. But, of course, the reason for Zuker­ tort's defeat is not the fact that he did not play 1 1 Jid 1 or 1 l. .�g5 ...

11 ...tt:lbd5 1 2.�g3

already mentioned, l 2..�e5 gives more prospects. But, all the same, Lasker's assessment of the move 1 2..�g3 is guilty of one-sidedness. 'This loss of time with the bishop al­ ready shows clearly that Zukertort is playing without any plan. He is hoping for complications, which give opportu­ nities for combinations, but until these occur he plays casually.' As

Black's plan is to firmly blockade the d-pawn with the move ...tt:\bdS, then bring the queen out (to aS or b6) and play ...l:tfd8. The queen's bishop, via d7, will be based at e8, where, in the event of an attack by White, it will defend the f7 -pawn. The queen's rook will be placed on the c-ftle. After all this, it will be possible to think about exchanges, which will show up more boldly the weakness of the isolated pawn.

1 1 .�f4 The commentators also raised objec­ tions to this move. 'The bishop is not

1 2...'�a5 13J:Iac1 �d7 14.tt:le5 l:[fd8

i ' '

Steinitz consistently carries out his plan. In Lasker's opinion, 'Black already has some positional advantage'. 81

Johannes Zukertort

The reason for such an evaluation is Steinitz's purposeful play and the fmal result of the game. In fact there is still nothing bad about White's posirion. 15.'1Wf3

Zukenon has his plan: he endeavours to force the opponent w exchange on c3, wl1ich would rid White of his isolated pawn. Zukerton reasonably refrains from Steinitz' polite offer to exchange on d7. This offer. by the way. shows that the two bishops were not an end in them­ selves for Steinitz.. After I S.lbxd7 l:txd7, Black, by doubling rooks on the d-flle, creates pressure on the isolated pawn. Worth considering is the plan with the advance of the f-pawn, applied in a sim­ ilar situation by Borisenko against Flohr in the 2 I st USSR Championship ( I 954). After 1 S.f4, White threatens to loosen the opponent's king's flank. Be­ sides this, he exerts influence over the dS-square, if the opportunity presents itself forcing Black to exchange on c3. If. as in the game, I S ...�e8, then 1 6.f5. On I 5 ... �b6. possible is I 6.l:tfd I lbxc3 I 7 . bxc3. I n the event of 1 S ...lbxc3 1 6 .bxc3 �bS 1 7 .c4 �a6 1 8.l:tfd I , the chances are also on White's side. A mechanical prevention of the advance fS with the move I S ...g6 does not succeed because of the pawn sacrifice - 1 6.f5 gxfS J 7 .�h4!. This in­ teresting analysis is from V.Vukovic. It appears that the evaluation of the move 1 5 .f4 depends on the conse­ quences of the energetic reply I S ... �b4. If now 1 6.lbe4, then I 6 ... �b5, while in the event of 1 6.lbxd5 Black continues 1 6 ...exd5. The pawn sacrifice I 6.$.h4 lbxc3 1 7 .bxc3 St.xc3 I 8.�d3 :Cac8 lead� to unclear complications. 82

1 5 ...$.e8

With an open e-flle and a knight on eS. a typical combinational move is the sac­ rifice on f7 . and Steinitz, in good time. takes measures against it. In addition, on e8 the bishop does not hinder the manoeuvres of the other pieces.

1 6 .ah4! .

Zukerron logically 'puts pressure on the blockading square dS. The threat of I 7 ..axf6 forces Black ro exchange on c3. Apart from I 7 ..axf6 there is also an­ other threat - 1 7 .lbxd5. If 1 7 ...lbxd5?, then 1 8 .�xe7 lbxe7 1 9.�xb7 with the win of a pawn. If 1 7 ...exdS, then Black bids farewell to the open file and the whole plan of besieging the d+-pawn His game, without doubt, is worse: with a symmetrical pawn formation, all three black minor pieces are passively placed, and White's- ideally. 1 6 ... tbxc3 17.bxc3 'f/fc7

The majority of commentators consid­ ered the present position undoubtedly favourable for Black. Obviously because later on Steinitz was totally successful in his planned coumerplay. Meanwhile the chances of both sides are for the present equal. We note that direct play for the blockade by I 7 ...bS was premature in view of 1 8.lbg4. With the text move, Steinitz defends the bishop on e7 and thereby parries the threat of 1 9 .lbg4.

Zukertort and Steinitz

18.�fe1 l::tac8

19.�d3 )nly this move ofZukertort is to a cer­ :�in extent inaccurate. Logical seems : 9 . .ag3 �d6 and now 20.c4, after xhich it would not be so easy for �:einitz to weaken the c- and cl-pawns, )r 20.�h4, inviting the partner to re­ ?eat moves. Also possible is 1 9 .�c2. 1 9...l2Jd5 .\nother continuation was 1 9 ... b5, on ·shich White would probably have to go in for the isolation of the cl-pawn with the move 20.c4. In the event of ::o.�c2, Black could boldly take the pawn: 2 0 . . . '\i'xc3 2 l .'ifxc3 l::txc3 � L�xh7+ (if 2 2 . .ixf6 gxf6 :: 3 .�xh7+ �xh7 24.l:txc 3 , then ::-L.fxeS and Black has two minor pieces for the rook) 22.. .tL:lxh7 � 3.he7 l::tx cl 24.lhcl l::txd4 with an extra pawn for Black. 20..ixe7 On 20.�g3, Black would probably re­ ply 20 . . �a5. Before exchanging on e7, White could weaken the opponent's king's flank: 20 ..ic2 g6 2 l ..�.xe7 'ii'xe7 22.�b3, but even in this case, after 22...b5, Black has a fully equal game. 20..:iixe7 21.�xd5? Commentator-critics of Zukertort should begin with this exchange. It is .'

quite wrong. 2 1 .c4 is correct. On 2 l ...'�'g5. indirectly defending the knight, possible is simply 22.g3 and on 22...tL:lf4 - 2 3 .'ife4. Generally speak­ ing, there is a complicated struggle ahead. 21 ...l::txd5 22.c4 l::tdd8 More reliable than 2 2.. .l::ta S. since this move separates the rooks. Most likely, Steinitz rejected the move 22 .. J:tas not because of 23.d5, as supposed by the commentators (in this case 2 3 ... 'ifd6 is possible) , but in view of23.c5!. If, in reply to the move made in the game, 2 2 ... l::tdd8, Zukertort had played 23.d5, Steinitz intended to continue 2 3 . . . b5. All the same, also then 23 ...'iYd6 or 23 .. .'ii'c5 are probably simpler.

23.�e3? Zukertort wrongly c9ntemplates an at­ tack - it will be reftited. The weakness of his queen's flank and the central pawns turns out to be very significant. The fact is that the move made by White, c4, is not in accord with active operations on the king's flank, which requires the diversion of the heavy pieces from the defence of the central pawns. The right plan lies in the modest move 2 3 l:fed 1 , intending 'Wb3 and then (if the opponent allows) cS and tL:lc4-d6. If 83

Jobannes Zukertort

the opportunity presents itself. the break dS could prove favourable. Black would have probably met this plan by the following regrouping of his forces: ...b6, . . .l:k7 and . . . l:tdc8. He would most likely drive away the hostile knight with the move ... f6, though this rather weakens the e6-pawn. Also pos­ sible would be the doubling of rooks on the cl-file, with pressure on the d4-square. In both cases there is a com­ plicated struggle ahead, and the out­ come of the game would be far from clear. 23 ...'�lfd6 24.l:ld1

On 24J:th3, simplest is 24... h6, and if 25.�dl then 2S .. .f6. Weaker is the 'courageous' 24... '¥Hxd4 2S.'ti'xh7+ Wf8, since the threats 26 ...'ti'd I + and 26 ...'*¥xe5 are parried by the move 26.l:te3! 24...f6

On the retreat 25 .tLlf3. Black is ready to begin a siege of the queen's flank: 2 5 ...�a6! 26.tLld2 eS!, and it becomes serious for White. Also to Black's advantage is 26.'iY'b3 (in place of 26.tLld2) 26 .. J1xc4 27.tLld2 l:tcxd4 28.�xe6 .1lf7. 25.�h3

Played in the spirit of 'the good old days'. Zukertort sacrifices a knight.

In its commentary on the match, the magazine Deutsclte Schnchzeitung lec­ tured Steinitz: 'Black could calmly take the knight- there would be nothing for it'. As evidence, this variation was given: 2 5 . . . fxe5 26.�xh7+ Wf8 27.�h8+ (or 27.l:tf3+ �f? 28.�h8+ rae7 29.�xg7 1:H8) 27 ... �e7 28.�xg7+ .§lf? 29J�f3 l:tf8 30.h4 e4 3 J .�f6 �xc4 32.h5 �dS 33.h6 fihS, and Black wins. In the match book, published a few months later, E.Schallopp corrected the note by incticating that taking the knight 'is dubious in view of 27.l:tg3 (instead of 27.'iiVh8+ or 27.l:tf3+) 27 ... 5"Lf7 28.�xg7 l:tc7 29.�h8+ We? and White has at least a draw'. Half a century later, M.Euwe added his voice to this assessmem, cutting short the variation on the moves 2 7 .�g3 or 27.�f3+. The attempt to strengthen White's play by means of 2 9 .cS (after which 29 ...�xc5? is not possible in view of 30.'ti'h8+ �e7 3 l .'iiVx d8+ and 3 2 .dxcS +) was considered unsuccess­ ful because of the reply 29 ...�d7. The conclusion was drawn that White all the same had to give perpetual check by 30.'i�Yh8+ @e? 3 l .'iiVh4+. However the curtain is lowered earlier; White could achieve more!

E i i E � · i. � i £3:, '

£3:,

25...h6!

84

'if

Zukertort and Steinitz

:m : ead of 30.'fVh8+, G.Ravinsky sug­ �-:sted conducting the attack by 3•J.:td3! If 30 ...e4 (on 30 . . .lhc5 fol­ . )ws 3 I .'ii'h8 + 'itte7 3 2 Jhf7 +), then 3 t ..tidg3! �xd4 (also now 3 1 . .Jhc5 .·)Ses in view of 32.Ug8+ 'itt e 7 3 3 '�h4+) 32.'tWh8+ We? 3 3.Uxf7+ t!i xf7 34.'�'h7 + , and White gives mate. '.\"e return now to the variation which ::1e Deutsche Schachzeitung assesses in 31ack's favour - 2 7 . l:tf3+ .if7 �8.'�'h8+ �e7 29.'ifxg7 J:tf8.

1. 1.

I.

since 29.'iWh7+ �f8 30.'iYh8+ �f7 3 l .'ti'xd8 does not work because of the simple reply 3 1 .. .'i!Vxd8 ! .

26...'ii'f41

Necessary prophylaxis.

27.tt:le3

In the event of 2 7 .l:rg3, Black has the strong move 2 7 ... bS. Taking the pawn with 28 .cxb5 is punished by the tactical blow 28 . . .lhd4!. On 29.tt:lxh6+ Black calmly replies 29 . . . �f8 (30.'ii' a 3+ 'it'd6).

27...�a41

In order not to lose a pawn, White's rook must abandon the first rank, which is very necessary for Steinitz.

28.1;1f3 'ifd6 29.l:td2

On the 'desperate' 29.l:txf6 , simplest is 2 9 ...�xd l .

In fact the chances here lie not with Black, but with White. After 30.l:tbl b6 (30 ...exd4 3 l .l:txb7+ l:tc7 32.J:[b8!) 3 I .dxeS he has three pawns for the piece with a continuing attack. Generally speaking, contemporaries criticised Steinitz wrongly. He acts cor­ rectly in calmly refusing the gift. Black repels the attack, and later he comes down with his superior forces upon the weaknesses of the queen's flank and the centre.

26.tt:lg4 In the hope of sacrificing the knight to demolish the pawn cover of the black king. On 26.tbg6 would follow 26 ...�xg6 27 .'tWxg6 l:txc4!. If now 28 .l:txh6. then, exploiting the insuffi­ ciently defended first rank 28 ... fixd41, Black's centralised pieces decide the outcome of the struggle,

29...�c6 The logical conclusion of the bishop manoeuvre, - driving off the rook from the first rank. was the tactical blow 29 ...b5!. How will it turn out for White? 30 ...bxc4 is threatened. In the event of 3 1 .tt:\xc4, there follows 3 l ...'i!fc6 3 2 .tt:le3 'ifcl + 33.tt:ldl �bs 34.'ife3 l:tc2! and Black wins. On 3 0 .cxbS, sufficiently convincing is 30 .. Jlct + 3 l .tbfl 'i!Yb4 and White is defenceless (3 2 .l'.hf6 l:txfl +). If, how­ ever, 3 l .tbd I , then 3 l . . .'�xd4 85

Johannes Zukenort 32 .�xd4 .t1xd4 33 ..t1xd4 �xd l , and once again Black wins. All that remains for White is to leave the c4-pawn to its own fate and again try to attack the king's flank: 30.l::tg3 bxc4 3 1 .�g6. However, 3 1 ... �f8 and, on 32.tbg4, the courageous reply 32 ...Wh8! re­ pulses all the threats (33 .tbxh6 �e8! 34.lLlf7+ �xf7). This interesting varia­ tion was found by V:Vukovic. 30Jlg3 In the event of 30.l:txf6, Black could boldly take the rook. Apan from two or three checks, White has nothing: 30 ... gxf6 3 l .Wig6+ Wf8 3 2.'lWxf6+ �e8. On the 'dashing' 3 3.tbf5, 'in the same style' there follows 3 3 ...exf5 34.l:te2+ �e4!. White's only chance to complicate the struggle lay in the break 30.d5!?. Steinirz was not afraid of this move and intended to refute it in the following way: 30 ... exd5 3 l .cxd5 �xdS 32.tbxd5 �xdS 3 3 .�xd5+ .l:txdS. However the main point of the pawn sacrifice is tO obtain the fS-square for the knight. Instead of 3 J .cxdS, White has the very strong move 3 l .tLlfS with a dangerous attack. For example: 3 1 .. .'�f8 (if 3 J ...�e5, then 3 2 . .l:te3 � a l + 3 3 ..l:tdt) 32.J:tg3 .l:td7 (on 32 . . .dxc4, decisive is 33 .tbxh6+ Wh8 34.'�'xd8! l:txd8 3 5 Jhd8 �xd8 36.tbf7+) 3 3 .tbxh6+ Wh8 34.tbg4! will turn our badly for Black. Thus 34... dxc4 loses in view of 35 ..l:th3+ Wg8 36.�h7+ �f7 37.l:te3!. After the relatively best 34 ... f5 35.tbe5 I:td6 36.l'1g5, White has an obvious superiority. 3 1 ... 'tj'd7 32.l:tg3 dxc4 3 3 .t:Llxh6+ �h8 (33 ... Wf8 34.�h7) 34.�g6 .l:te8 3 S.h4, and in view of the threats 36.tbf7+ and 3 7.'�'xg7 mate, Black loses his queen. 86

These variations only signify that Black should not accept the pawn sacrifice. On 30.d5 he must reply not 30 ...exd5, but 3 0 .. .''iWe 5!.

11

.i � j_ !::,

!::,

11 f::, Wlf

* .t.

1

'i' ttJ � 1:( !::, !::, !::, �

Black exploits the pin on the d-file. The first rank is insufficiendy defended, and the knight is now only able to go to c2 and fl. Meanwhile 3 1 ...exd5 is threat­ ened. In the event of 3 l . .l:tg3 exdS 32.'iYg6 :le? followed by ...�c6-e8, the game turns out to Black's advantage. Gen­ eral condusion: it was worth Zukertort trying his luck wid1 the break 30.d5, though, on accurate defence, it would not have altered the result. And the main, po­ sitional continuation, 29 . . . �c6, chosen by Steinitz, did not let the advantage slip! 30...f5! The black bishop now obtains the e4-square. For the time being, it is necessary for White to lose time on defence against the threat ... f4. 31 .l:tg6 .�.e4 32.lf!fb3 Zukertort defends wittily against the threat 3 2 .. .f4; he threatens 3 3 .c5, win­ ning the e6-pawn. On the simple­ minded 3 2 ... f4 follows 33.c5 fxe3 (if 3 3 ...l:txc5 then 34Jhe6) 34.cxd6 exd2 35.'+!Vxe6+ Wh7 36.l'1xh6+ gxh6 3 7 .'iYf7+ Wh8 3 8 .�f6+ �g8 39.'fVe6+ �g7 40.'�We7+ and Black cannot escape the perpetual check. 32 . s!;lh7! .

Zukertort � :::: initz does not leave his opponent any

35...'il'f4 36.'ii'b2 l:Ib1 37.'i!Vc3 l:Ic8 38Jbe4

. ::ances.

33.c5 .l:txc5 34.�xe6

The last hope. If he takes the rook with

-=-:!ere is also no salvation in 34.'ifxe6

the

l;j:-;e6 3S.l:he6, in view of 35 ... �cl+

check:

: c �dl � �dS 37.l:rel Axa2 38.lha2 lhd4. 34...:c1 + 35/ijd1 ::· 3 S .tt::lf l. then, as in the game, ..

3 ) . . . 'i¥f4, �6

threatening

and Sreinitz

not

only

.'ii'xd2. but also 36 ...�d5.

pawn,

White

3 8 . . . fxe4

gives

perpecual

39.'il'xc8

�xd2

40.'i1VfS +.

38...'ifxe4 White resigned. An

excellent,

strategically

whole­

hearted game!

The score was equalised- 4:4. In accordance with the match conditions, there was now a break. Zukertort left St.Louis a little earlier than Steinitz, who was delayed due to his having to occupy himself with the March number of the

International

Chess Magazine!

Despite the equal score, Steinitz's position before the concluding stage in New Orleans was psychologically more favourable; he was in an enthusiastic frame of mind. The negative emotions from his bad start over, the struggle began anew. Zukertort, however, was depressed; he had had a huge lead and lost it... In New Orleans, play took place at the rooms of the club, which united enthusi­ asts of the king of games and games of cards. Its regulations were strict: only mem­ bers of the club were allowed in the hall. No exception was made even for distin­ guished guests and reporters, who had to become members of the duD. As a result

there were only about 1 00 spectators present at the games of the third stage, which was held in a comparatively small hall. The first encounter in New Orleans, and the tenth of the match. took a peaceful course. A draw was already agreed, at Steinitz's proposal. on the 2 1 st move. Steinitz's clock showed 5 8 minutes, Zukertort's - 2 3 . But then the battle com­ menced. In the 1 l th game. Zukertort, playing White, for the first time in the match be­ gan play with the move l .e4. In the Four Knights Opening. he sacrificed a pawn and obtained an attacking position. After deciding to force events, Zukertort sacri­ ficed a bishop on h7. White's attack looked dangerous, but, with accurate defence, Steinitz repulsed the threats and for the first time since the start of the match was in front-5:4. He also won the next, 12th game. Now Steinitz was already threatening to tear away from his rival - the score stood at 6:4. In the following, 13th game, Steinitz achieved an excellent position and seized the initiative. However Zukertort's attempt to complicate the game with a knight sacrifice was surprisingly crowned with success. Steinitz made several mistakes, and finally play went into an ending in which Zukertort's rook and two pawns proved to be stronger than Steinitz's two minor pieces. On the 86th move, 87

Johannes Zukertort

Zukertort gained victory and narrowed the gap in the score, which now stood at 6:5. After this the match was adjourned for a week because of... the carnival. Zukertort's victory in the I 3th game turned out tO be his last effort which was crowned with success. He did not manage tO win one more game. After two 'bloody' draws, Steinitz conducted the I 6th game confidently. He developed strong pressure by exploiting the power of the two bishops. The scored changed to 7:5. In the I 7th game, Zukertort, playing White, achieved a favourable position with the Queen's Gambit. On the 21st move. he could have decided the encounter in his favour, but failed to find tl1e winning continuation. Admittedly, his position re­ mained better, but Steinitz defended ingeniously. After winning the exchange for a pawn, Zukertort then could not win the game. The outcome of the match was decided by the following encounter, in which Zukerton's resistance was finally broken down.

i

i � ... ... � .t. .S.. � .t. .t. � ... � ... � � � � � � ��

1:[

�

1:!

The diagrammed position is from the I 8th game of the match (New Orleans, 22 March I 886). Playing Black, it was Zukerton's turn to move. Striving for lively piece play, he cominued 24...c6

However the opening of lines is to White's advantage. The position of White's king in the centre proves to be solid, and the two bishops plus pressure on rhe eS-pawn tilt the balance ro Steinitz's side. 25J.:lc5 cxd5

White tllreatened, after 0-0 and .l:Ifc I , to increase tl1e pressure on tl1e c-file. Sooner or larer Black will all the same have to exchange on dS. 88

26Jbd5 �a4 27.a3 b6 28...tc3 �e8 29.�f2!

Steinitz forestalls the manoeuvre ...tlJb7 -c5 (possible, for example. afrer 29.0-0). 29...tlJc8

A pitiful position for the knight. But if he defends the pawn wi.rh the move 29 ...l::tab8, me knight equally could not go to b7. 30..ab5 �e7 31.l:txd8+ �xd8 32.0-0

Despite the far-advanced g- and h-pawns, the white king is quire safe. 32 tlJa7 ...

On 3 2 .. .'�V c7. with tl1e ain1. afrer ...tlJd6, of preparing .. .fS. could follow 3 3.l:tcl tlJd6 34. ..Q..d2 �d8 3 5.�c6 1k8 36 ...te3 witl1 an obvious advan­ tage. In the event of 32 ...tlJe7 . strong is 3 3 .f4. 33.�c4 tlJcG

A move which suggests itself. but which is bad. A more difficult task is set White with the continuation 3 3 ...l::k8 34.b3 (on 34.-tds or 34 . .ia2 34 ... tlJb5) 34 ... tlJb5 3 5.�b2 tlJd4. All

Zukertort and Steinitz ·---� same, after 36.f4, undermining the

35.f41

� 3 ·pawn and threatening the f7-square,

Because of the threat to the f7-square,

:.-.-: advantage is secured for White.

Black has to allow the terrible move f5,

: : :•\\" both White's bishops are directed

��ainst the king's flank, and Steinitz

: �lr has to open the f-file.

34..id5 l:tc8

and this is tantamount to defeat.

35 ...'ifd7 36.f5 ti:Je7

If 3 6 . . . gxf5, 3 8 .lhf5

then

ti:Je 7

3 7 .'ii'xf5

(3 8 . . . ti:Jd8

'i!Yxf5 3 9 .g6)

39.�xf7+ and then 40.l:tf3, also win­ ning the h5-pawn.

37.Aa2 gxf5

Desperation. Both 38.f6 and 3 8 . fxg6 were threatened.

38.exf5 �fa 39.'iff3

It goes without saying that 39.g6 was also possible.

39...e4 40.'i!Yxh5

Black resigned.

":"he 8 : 5 score would seem to have still allowed the struggle to go on. However, it ;hould not be forgotten that after the New York stage Zukertort had gained only )Ue victory, suffering seven defeats. His nerves weakened, he was crushed, and all :hat remained for Steinitz was to complete the rout. Moreover, �ukeftort was ill. In :he 1 9th game he was completely outplayed. Steinitz's pawns rushed forward. After

a knight sacrifice, one of these reached the queening square and the score stood at

· match-point' - 9:5. With Steinitz needing to win only one more game, he decided to return to an

::>Id opening weapon and, for the first time, he chose his own gambit ( l.e4 e5 2.�c3 ti:Jc6 3.f4 exf4 4.d4 d5 5.exd5 'trh4+ 6.�e2). Zukertort played the game \·ery weakly. In a variation which he could well have expected, he made a decisive :nistake and as early as the 1 9th move (also for the first time in the match!) the game was over. With the result + 1 0 -5 = 5 , Steinitz gained victory, winning the official title of champion of the world. Before discussing the results of the match, we will give a little data. The reper­ toire of the rivals consisted mainly of two openings - the Spanish Game and the Queen's Gambit. As White, Steinitz opened the game only with the move l .e4, on which Zukertort invariably replied l...eS. With enviable constancy, the opponents played the Spanish Game, and to be more precise, the variation with the move

3 ...ti:Jf6

(4.0-0 ti:Jxe4 5J:tel ti:Jd6 6.ti:Jxe5 and 4.d3 d6 5.c3 g6 6.d4 �d7). There

were only two exceptions. In the second match game, Steinitz unsuccessfully employed the Scotch Variation of the Four Knights Game ( l .e4 e5 2.ti:Jf3 ti:Jc6 3.d4 exd4 4.ti:Jxd4 ti:Jf6 5.ti:Jc3 .ib4 6.ti:Jxc6 bxc6 7 ..td3 d5 8.exd5 cxd5 9.0-0 0-0 I O.�g5 c6 1 J .ti:Je2), and in the last- his own gambit. 89

Johannes Zukertort With white, Zukertort enthusiastically played his revived Queen's Gambit. Zukertort began only one game with the move 1 .e4 - the I I th game -, in which the opening was a Four Knights Game. As is well known, in those days opening preparation did not play such a role as now. But the way Steinitz handled the Black side in the Queen's Gambit showed that he was ahead of his time. The method of play in positions with a central isolated pawn, which he demonstrated, (see 7th and 9th games) signified far more than a successful opening experiment. Strategical planning, taking into account the inter­ dependence of the stages of the chess game, where the outUne of the middlegame is defined beforehand by the opening variation, has its beginning with Steinitz. Zukertort played all his games very quickly. Thus, in the 5th, which he won, he spent a total of 55 minutes on 3 2 moves, while Steinitz took 2 1/2 hours. In the 6th game (won by Steinitz) , Zukertort needed only I hour 53 minutes for 60 moves, whereas Steinitz - 3 hours 33 minutes. There was approximately the same ratio in the 1 1th game (won by Steinitz) I hour 25 minutes on 42 moves for Zukertort and 2 hours 40 minutes for Steinitz. In the peaceful 8th game, Zukertort made 2 2 moves in 20 minutes, while Steinitz pondered for I hour 1 5 minutes! In contrast to Zukertort, whose nerves did not cope well with the match tension, Steinitz maintained enviable composure and self-control throughout the whole event. He did not seem to suffer from either fatigue or nervousness. On the other hand, Zukertort looked tired after the second stage. In the last few games it became noticeable that he was unwell. During the 1 9th game, Zukertort was very pale and somehow particularly nervous. The 20th game could not take place on the sched­ uled day: Zukertort presented a doctor's certificate and the game was postponed for four days. After the match, many commentators vied with each other in making statements hostile to Steinitz, endeavouring to belittle his victory. Steinitz's opponent, they said, was nothing like the same Zukertort who three years previously had so brilliantly won the London tournament. 'The match is over. Zukerton has been ignominiously defeated, Steinitz is the official champion of the world. But is the result of the match sufficient?' - was the question posed by a New York newspaper. 'The whole of the chess world, which intently followed the beginning of the match, later cooled towards it and in the end became disappointed and dissatisfied: they were expecting a battle of giants, but witnessed a cautious, not very talented, "trial of strength". They saw that, in the majority of the games, victory was achieved due to a mistake by one of the opponents and that, towards the end, one of the "gladiators" was so weakened, both physically and mentally, that he was not able to put up any kind of resistance.' To this company were added several chess authorities. In such a solid magazine as Deutsclte Schac/1zeitung, the games of the match were accompanied by perfectly ironic commentaries. The American critics compared what was, in their opinion, dull play by Zukertort and Steinitz, full of flagrant errors, with the creativity of Morphy and his strongest opponents - Lowenthal, Harrwitz and Anderssen. The -

90

Zukertort and Steini tz ;:ay of Steinitz and Zukertort, they found 'dull', 'uninteresting', not bearing : )rnparison with the 'dash' and 'brilliance' of the duels of the American cham­ :::on. In the pages of Shakhmatny Vestnik, Chigorin expressed the opinion that :·.tkertort 'was not his usual self, did not play as skillfully and did not even perform .::.;e a first-class chess-player'. And indeed, out of the last I 5 games, Zukertort won : nly one. But perhaps this speaks not of the weakness of the loser, but of the , :�ength of the winner? In a less important contest, as a rule, the attacks would be bolder, more decisive, �::d the combinations more effective, particularly in games between players of ::tferent class. Now even a not very great specialist knows very well that the ':�onger the resistance, the more difficult it is to carry out intended plans, the more :Aficult it is to create whole games, logical from beginning to end. The stronger :::e resistance, the more stubborn the tense struggle, the more probability there is : ! frustration, mistakes, which, from the side, might seem perfectly incomprehen­ :nitz is phlegmatic, careful, and over-cautious, if anything. His physique is · -� '-1St, and his mistrust discernible in the game. He trusts nobody, not even

·.. :::self! If Zukertort sees a good move, he makes it; if Steinitz sees a good move, he

�s om for a better one.

-:-he result of the match falls far below expectation, chiefly owing to the comro­ �� , , -

and rivalry of the two players, which has been carried on for years, and

·: �:hed its culminating point after the 1 8 8 3 tournament. Steinitz started a -:·.:.�azine in America, and enjoyed fully the new sensation of extolling the vast -?triority of 'the modern school', of which he claims to be the initiator and , � -tie. He attempted even to disparage Morphy. If it were possible that he could

--�·:-: converted a single one of Morphy's admirers to his views, that one must be :. ::, disappointed with the games produced in the present match. Where does 'the iern school' come in? Two of the greatest living masters play a match after >.unes of negotiations, and shelter themselves, with their whole arsenal of - :: ::>osed new modes of treating the openings, behind the monotonous Ruy Lopez

,_-_ : the Queen's Gambit. Zukertort finished by abandoning his theory of treating ·:. : close games, and returned w the old way of thirty years ago. Steinitz indulged

-:. :. Yalueless novelty, and, if his opponent does not condescend to make a blunder, -�.

?OSes a draw. Finally he reverts to the old way of playing the Ruy Lopez; and

· :.: ,e were the best games in the match. After the glaring unfairness of analysing

: �phy's games thirty years later, from a modern point of view, something more �-

expected. We might just imagine a future founder of a modern school thirty

-==-�s hence analysing the games in the present match from the then modern point :· ·:iew! Morphy's games will compare well with any games played by any master

.-.') ever lived. He who makes the fewest mistakes is the better player, and Morphy l' that one. To this must be added that Morphy was a genius, and a century rarely :�

duces more than one such remarkable intellect. One advantage which the match has produced is, that both players have lost

: �-::stige, and that the imaginary distance which was supposed to separate them - � . :n the

other eminent masters has dwindled down to imperceptible dimensions. Hoffer: The Field I 886

*

*

*

-:- .-. t question of stakes or money terms upon which Chess is played is a question of · .-. : first importance in the interests of Chess, and a few notes of my experience

- -;: ;n the subject may not be inappropriate . . . 3efore the year 1 866, £ 1 0 o r £20 a side was a convenient and common stake for •

::latch. Staumon and Han:witz, Staunton and Horwitz, Morphy and Anderssen,

: :::tnitz and Blackburne, Steinitz and Zukertort, and Falkbeer and Bird were all ·:::bin these figures. The Championship match in 1 843, England and France, - -::\\'een Staunton and St. Amant was for £ I 00 a side, but the English player had to z . to Paris, and the match was a long one, and it was hoped even at that time that 107

] o h annes Z u k e rt o rt future matches would be mainly for the honour of victory, and tha:

·'::�DJ:'

money in the case would be a reasonable sum to liberally cover the play;:::-;

=!· •

expenses. Morphy reluctantly played for £ 1 0 0 a side in 1 8 5 8 , but his m�: :.:-... '* Anderssen, Harrwitz and others were for merely nominal stakes. In : � : : example was set in the case of Steinitz and Anderssen, when £ 1 0 0 a side

·.•. =...

1•

•

:WIIIIil'

for, and although Steinitz and Blackburne, and Zukertort and Blackb·.:.::-: ·- ..,.. matches for £60 a side the stakes were only thus limited to the amo·..:=.. ·

•" 11111E

could be conveniently obtained from backers at the time. So stakes progr::->,.:-: lill& Steinitz and Zukertort actually played for £40 0 a side, a sum neither p.:.:-:-

a

afford to lose, even though they could tax their Chess supporters for it. _-\:: of a return-match which Zukertort so much desired, became impossible. extra-ordinary depression of the great Chess victor in two of the most

_ :..m���r

•

:. :::: .. •

:...--::-.. :• ..-:.

Internationals ever held, viz. , Paris in 1 8 7 8 , and Criterion, London, 1 8 8 3 . There is too much reason to fear that the result of this match, and z-:..s..�.r: sensitiveness to supposed coolness towards him afterwards mainly comr: :

.::� 11:

cause his premature break up and untimely end. I always advised him lx:· : � 1D match, in justice to himself, to stipulate for a time limit of 20 or 25 mow> �

:1 -.:

and not t o play for more than £ 1 0 0 a side, the previous extreme maximlE:".

: ,.. m

greatest matches, happy for him if he had observed this rule, as he himse:.:

., ::=mm.

ted . . . It has always seemed to m e that as the stakes go up the play goes dow=

.::

skill; the patient building up of attack; the careful conservation of small advan:.:.� the skillful and far- reaching plan of united action. *

*

British Chess Magazine : !.�

*

Zukertort has not recovered yet from his recent illness, contracted during the L:.:-� part of his match with Steinitz; he is nervously impulsive, as in his game with B-.:.-:.. where he captured a knight, losing his queen on the very next move, or in his g= with Mackenzie, where he overlooked a mate in two moves, when he had a

w:c

game; then he also sacrificed a piece with Lipschutz, and lost the game; and

\\·:=

108

Zukertort Jottings · '-· :>r Hanham he sacrificed about three pieces in a combination which was quite :>und, or anyhow unnecessary to indulge in judging from the nature of the cl

:.xe l + 2 7 .0.xel .l:he 1 + 28.'it>xc2 :e2+ 2 9 � moves l!lxf2.

25.0.h3 gc2+ 26.�c1 l:txe1 + 27.0.xe1 l:txe1 + 28.�xc2 l:[e2+

White resigns. 27

King's Gambit

Anderssen Zukertort Breslau, December 1 8 6 6

Notes by Zukertort

1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.0.f3 g5 4.h4 g4 5.0.e5 �g7 6.d4 0.f6 7.tLlc3 d6 8.0.d3 0-0 9.tLlxf4 0.xe4

131

Johannes Zukerton 10.tt::lh 5 lle8 1 1..�.e2 tt::lc6 12.tt::lxg7 �xg7 13.tt::lxe4 .l:f.xe4 14.�d3 'iVe8

On 1 4 .. .lhd4 Black would lose the at­ tack through I S.f!fc3. Black plays the queen to e8, not e7, as a preparation for the following sacrificial combination.

29

Game Position

Anderssen Zukertort

Breslau, January 1867

Notes by Zukertort

�I I

15.c3 �d716J:rt1?

Here, 1 6.�d 1 must be played.

.t.

'it' l:[ ttJ !:::. !:::. �

-

1 ..J:tbe8! 3.Axg7+ 1 6...tt:Jxd4! 17.1U2

On 1 7 .cxd4 would naturally follow 1 7 ...�b5. 17...-tbS 18.c4 �xc4

1l

!:::. !:::.

\t �

2.�xh6!?

'i¥xd3!

Better was 3.Af4+ 'Wxh3+ 4.�xh3+ Wg8 5 .lhe8 �xf4.

3 ...�xg7 4.'i!fd7+ �g8 5.'�Vxe8 'i¥h7+ 6.�g1 'i+'h2+ 7.\t?f1 �a6+

White resigns.

White resigns. 30

28

Queen's Pawn Game

Zukertort (without queen) D**** Posen. January 1867

1 .d4 d5 2.�f4 gfs 3.tbc3 �xc2 4.�c1 Af5 5.tt:Jb5 tt:Ja6 6..txc7 tt::lxc7 7.tt::lxc7+ Wd7 8.e4 l:tc8? 9.�b5+ �d6 1 O.e5 mate.

Queen's Pawn Game

Zukertort (without queen) Senator Posen, 1 4 July 1867

Notes by Zukenon Although we do not normally publish games with all too great odds, we offer the following as an example of how, without big mistakes, such as leaving pieces en prise, a few weak moves in themselves are enough to make up for the odds of a queen.

1.d4 d5 2.tt:Jc3 c6 3.�f4 e6 4.0-0-0 tbf6 5.f3 tt:Jbd7 6.e4 dxe4 7.fxe4 Ae7 8.tt:Jf3 c5 9.d5 exd5 1 0.exd5 tt::lb6 1 1 .h3 Ad6 1 2.�g5 �e7 13.g4 h6 14.Ah4 Ad7? 15.d6 gta 16.tt:Je5 Ac6 17.tt:Jxc6 bxc6 18.�g2 'i¥d7 1 9..Uhe1+ �d8 20.gg3 g5

132

Student Years in Breslau ! 8 6 2 - 1 86 7

21 .�e5 �g7 22J:lf1 tOeS 23.�xg7 tt:Jxg7 24.tt:Je4 tOeS? 25.tt:Jxc5 'i¥c8 -=-�le only way to still win the game was :-\· 26 . JH8. 26Jhf7 .

J:

'

'if � � �·� ttJ

K

l:{

' �

�

fj � fj �n

White announced mate in five moves, strating with 8.'ifhS+.

3 2 Game Position Zukertort Krause Posen. September 1 8 6 7

Notes b y Zukertort

'

fj

26...tlbS?

could still achieve a draw by : :- ...-tJxd6 27.l0b7+ 'ii'xb7 28Jhb7 ;;; � 8 29.tle7 (or 29Jhb6 and : : .!xd6) 29 ...t0dc4 30.�xc6 ltb8 : : ..:xa7.

::::.ck

27.d7 l2lxd7 2S.l2le6

.

:�le

.

.

31

Bishop's Opening

Zukertort (without tlal) Kr**** K ?osen. July 1867

1 .e4 e5 2.�c4 �c5 3.b4 �xb4 4.f4 exf4 5.t2lf3 g5? 6.�b2 f6 7.-tJxgSI fxg5

- � .t 'if • ' ' ' ' .t. �

fj i

Black to move. Can Black win? No- as the following lines show. A) l .. l2ld6 2.�xa6 �gS 3.e correct move is 6 ... 'iih 5. 7.d4 tOe7 8..ib5+

18.Wg2

On 1 8.�xg3 Black plays 1 8 ... .!:txd6 19.cxd6 ( 1 9.hh6 l:txdl + 20.g2 l:txhl 2 1 .Wxhl gxh6) 1 9 ... �xd6+ 20.Wg2 'iig 6+, forcing the win in a few moves. 143

)ohannes Zukertort 18...'.-f6! 1 9.�e3 �xd6

The quickest way to decide the game.

20.cxd6 .l:bd6 21.tt:ld2 :hd8 22.wxg3 Black was threatening 2 2 . . .lhd2 23 .�xd2 'iWf2+ etc. :d3+ 22... I:Ixd2 23.�xd2 24.g2

On 24.Wxh2 follows 24 ..."iff2. mate.

20...l!Ye6 On 20 ...gxf6 White wins by 2 l .l2Je4. 21.l2Je4 �f5 On 2 I ... g6 follows 22.'il'd2 �h8

2 3.'ti'h6 :gs 24.l2Jgs . 22.fxg7

White threatens 2 3Jhf5 followed by 24.tt:lf6+.

Zukertort Mayet

22.....tg6 Decidedly better than taking the knight. 23.:f6 l!Ye7 24.l:af1 a5 25.h4 Before White strikes, he endeavours to force the opponent to advance his h-pawn two squares. through which the bishop is robbed of protection. How important this is, is shown by the

Berlin 1868

continuation.

24...�g6+ 25.Wf2 26.we2 'ii'f3+ White resigns.

47

'iVg3+

Hungarian Defence

25...h5 26.n1f4 l:tab8

Notes by Zukertort

1.e4 e5 2.tt:lf3 tt:lc6 3.�c4 Jie7 4.d4 exd4 5.c3 tt:la5 6.�d3 d5 7.e5 �g4 8.cxd4 �b4+ 9.tt:lc3 tt:le7 10.0-0 .Q.xc3 1 1 .bxc3 'ii'd7 12.�h1 0-0 1 3.'iVc2 tt:lg6 14.�a3 :tea 15.l2Jd2 b5 1 6.f4 l2Jc4 l2Je7 17.�.xc4 dxc4 18.f5 19.i.xe7 'i'ixe7

27.I:Ixf71 �xf7

j. � n

·� � 'iV lLJ

��

n

.t � �

20.f6

If White plays for the win of the bishop by 2 0. h3 . then Black replies with 2 0 . ..'ifh4 2 I.z:tf4 ..td i ! 22.'ii'e4 'ir'hs or 2 l .�e4 hS 22.�gl 'ir'gS! or 2 l .�g I gxh3 22.gxh3 ( 22. l2Jf3 'ifg3) 2 2 . . .'i¥g 3 + etc. 144

On 2 7 ... .Q.xf7 , 28 .lt:Jf6+ is immediately decisive; on 2 7 .. ,gxe4 follows 28 .�xe4 �e6 29 . .ll4f6 'ii'g4 (on any other move. 3 0 .'ii'g 6 decides) 30.:fs-;. I:Ixf8 (on 3 0 .. .) 'ifh3 + etc.

1 9 .tLlxf8 g6

30.tt::lf5+ �g6

1 9.1Wh3+ �g6 20.tt::ld2 tt::lf7

20 ...Axfl comes 2 l .tLlxfl followed 22.ti:lg3 and Black will lose despite :::s numerical superiority, since he has :-. J time for development of his queen's :�=.nk. :·:1

:·:

21.'Wf5+ ig7 30.'ii'h 6 mate) 28.'ifhS+ �g7

: t.es ti:le8 30.exf6+ tt::lxf6 3 I .'ifgS+

>ih7 32.Ac2+ Wh8 3 3 .'ifh6+ and :::ate in two moves. 27.'i!i'g4 �h6 28Jiad1 tt::lc4 29.l:td3 tt::le5 :::1 29 . ti:lxb2 White mates in four :::o\·es by 3 0 ltJf5 + . .

.

.

31 .\lt'h5+1 �xh5 32.l:[h3+ �g4

On 32 ...�g6 follows 33.lih6 mate. 33..tc 1 1 ti:lf3+

The only move to avert the m i mediate mate which is threatened by Ad I and lLlh6. 34.l:rxf3l:Lh8

A careful study of the position will show that Black has no saving move. 35.l:tg3+ 'it>h5 36 ..2.f7

Mate.

147

johanoes Zukertort

Tournaments at Aachen 1868, Hamburg and Barmen 1869 50

15.'iYe4 c6 16.�e3 l:tfe8 17.�c5 Vd7 18.l:te1 f5 1 9.'ife2 ..if7 20.f4 l:txe5 21.fxe5 b6?

Spanish Game

Schallopp Zukertort

Aachen tournament, 4 August 1868

Notes by Zukerton

1.e4 e5 2.lof3 tbc6 3.ib5 ltJf6 . 4.0-0 ltJxe4 5.d4 .ie7 6.lle1 tDd6

A mistake which places the dra\\' :: question. Black must play 2 1 .. .�e6 a:-:: then, after 22...b6 and ...llae8, trr : place the bishop on dS and the rook � � g6. 22.e6 .ixe6 23.'Wxe6+ 'ifxe€ 24.lhe6 bxc5 25.J:bc6 �f7 26Jbc5 �f6 27.b4 g5 28.:.ci l:td8

Black sacrifices a pawn in order to fo� : : a draw. 29.l:lxh7 l:ld1 + 30.Wf2 l:ld231.'i\lf3 g4+ 32.Wg3 txc� 33.llxa7 �g5 34.h4+ xh4 (on 3 8 ... l:txg2 ·::bite wins by 39.b7 l:tb2 40Jla5+ :· :;llowed by 41 .!lb5) 39.b7 nb2 40.a5 ;!ig3 4l.a6 f3 (on 4 l ...�xg2 White ·. :ins by 42.lla8 f3 43.l:.f8 g3 44.a7!) .:.�.gxf3 gxf3 43.b8'ii' +! llxb8 .:.�.:tg7+ draw; ·::) 38.�g l ? �xh4 39.b7 Wg3 .; ) . ;t>fl ttb2 4 1 .a5 l:tbl+ 42.We2 ;£; xg2 43.a6 f3+ and Black wins. � ) .'it>d2

.

37...�xh4 38J�h7+ �g5 39.b7 g3+ 40.c.th3 l:tc1 1 41.llg7+ Wh5

10.0-0

We consider castling to be rather pre­ mature. 1 0...0-0 1 1.ttJe2

Here l l .g4 must be played, so as to keep the enemy knight away from hS. 1 1 ...ttJh5 1 2.g4 'iff6! 1 3.ttJc3 ttJf4 14.i.xf4 exf4

Black, of course, must not take with the queen because of 1 5.ttJdS. 15.tt"Jd5 'iid 8 16.ttJxf4 17.l:tb1 �g718.�h2

1 8 . �g2 was better.

1 8... �e6 19.c4 c6

X I .t. 1-

•• .t. .i. .t. .t. .i. .t. .t. .t. 'it'

�

�

.I 42Jbg3??

comical oversight. White must of . :·urse play 42.l:th7+ �gS 43.l:tg7+ 42 ..Jlh1

n

� Cij � CiJ � � � 'ti' : �

Now that Black, after his previous ma­ noeuvre. has taken the decisively better position, he carries out a successful at­ tack on the enemy's centre. 20.'i!t'e2 On this and the following move White

:.�,ue. 51

�xb2

spent a full halfhour.

20...'i!t'c7 21.�h1 l:tae8 22.ttJxe6

Spanish Game

Paulsen Zukertort

.\achen tournament. 6 August

1868

�otes by Zukertort

1.e4 e5 2.ttJf3 ttJc6 3.�b5 ttJf6 4.d3 d6 5.�xc6+ bxc6 6.h3 g6 7.ttJc3 �g7 8.i.g5 h6 9.�e3 c5

�-•derssen considers the best here is : . 0-0 1 O.'ifd2 �h7 l l .g4 dS 1 2 .�cS ��8 1 3.0-0-0.

White rightly exchanges, since after the breakthrough in the centre the bishop could become very dangerous; Black takes back with the rook since he wants to forcibly exploit the e-file. 22...llxe6 23.ttJh4?

A mistake through which White imme­ diately loses the e-pawn. 23 ...d5 24.'iff3

On 24.f3 would follow 24 ...'i:fg3. 149

johannes Zukertort

24...dxe4 25.dxe4 '*'e7 26.ttJg2 l:be4 27.I:tfe1 f5 28.gxf5 gxf5 29.l:le3

White wants to double the rooks on the b-file.

wrong because of 39.�d1) 39.'iWf6+ 'it'g7 40.'ir'd8+ �h7, since now, on 41 .l:ld l , follows .. .l:[d4. .

38..Jlh4 39J:!:b1 wh7 40.'i#'f3 l:txc4 41.'ii'xc6 l:lb4

29...l:lxe3 30.fxe3

Now, after 30 ...\\Ye4 3 1 ."xe4 fxe4, White would make a draw in any event after 32 .ttJf4. 30..:ift7 31 .'ife2

••

'

�

�

'ii' .t

' '

n

'

� 'iY

ttJ

' 42..l:td1

� �

31 ...l:te8

With the following moves, which in­ volve minor threats, Black also carries out a fierce attack on the very exposed enemy king, which eventually forces the opponent to sacrifice another pawn. 32."f1 34."e2

:te4!

33.l:tc1

�e5!

From moves 22-34 White used up 1 hour 1 0 minutes in a game lasting seven and a half hours! 34...�h8 Before he plays his queen on to the g-file, Black must move his king off that line, and, indeed, in such a way that his f-pawn cannot be taken with check; now, for example, after 35.'iff3 l:txc4 36.lhc4 'ifxc4, White must not take the pawn because of 3 7 ... 'ifc 1 +.

White would by no means achieve a draw after the exchange ofrooks, as the continuation shows: 42Jhb4 cxb-7 43.li'cS (43 .'ir'a4 'ti'dS+ 44 W move� aS) 43 ... 'ir'b7+ 44.g5) 46 ...�h5 47 .'it'g 1 'iff448.Whl �h4 49.'ifel + �xh3 anc wins. 42....l:td4 43Jlb1

After 43 .l:xd4 cxd4 would follow perhaps 44.'ii' d6 (44.1i'c5 'i#'d7: 44...'ifb7+ 4S.�h2 'ife4 46.'ifd7Wg6 47 .'ifxa7 (47 .'i¥d6+ WhS) 47 .. .f.; 48.'iVa6+ �hS 49.'fHfl d3 and Blac;: wins. 43 ...'tWd5+ 44.'i¥xd5 l:bd5 45J:tb7+ 'tttg6 46J:!.xa7 c4 47..l:tc7 nas 48.l:txc4 nxa2

Though Black is only a pawn ahead. 1:: has a certain win because of the bad pc · sition ofthe white king.

�xf4

49.h4 .l:te2 50.Uf4 l:le4 51.h5+ Wg5 52JU2 l:lh4+

On 38.'ifd2 Black replies with 38 ...'#Wc7; on 3 8 .\\Yd8+ 'ifg8 (38 ... �h7 was

In order to cut off the white king wit!-.. out loss of tempo. or force the ex· change ofrooks.

35.'ifd3 �c7 36.tt:Jf4 37.exf4 l:txf4 38.'ife3

150

Tournaments at Aacben 1 8 68, Hamburg and Barmen I 869

53.'\tlg1 l:lg4+ 54.�h1 f4 55.llh2 .:h4 56.lbh4 �xh4 57.�g2 �xh5 58.'�f3 �g5 59.Wf2 �g4

·.'."hite resigns.

17-.'ii'xf3! 18.l:tg1 On

1 8.gxf3 follows 1 8 .lbxf3 + mate. ..

1 8...'ii'xg2

White resigns.

52 Centre Gambit U****

Zukertort

53 Game Position Wi****

I 2 board blindfold exhibition, Berlin, December 1868

Zukertort

.\lotes by Zukertort

Notes by Zukertort

Berlin, December 1868

1.e4 e5 2.d4 exd4 3.�c4 Ab4+

·-·?on the correct continuation, this -::·)de of play is not advantageous to

::.ack. 4.c3 dxc3 5.bxc3 'iif6 6.�xf7+

."hire best plays 6.cxb4 'ifxa I 7 .'it'b3.

'.'

6...'ifxf7 7.cxb4 'ii'e71

·. :'JCh better than 7 . .'iff6, as after .:.e2 'ir'xal 9.lDbc3 Black loses his : .:een. .

·

·

8.lbc3 lbf6 9.�g5 0-0 10.'ifb3+

.i. .t

•

ll

l 'if

•

I.

l

L\ .. �

i. L\

ttJ

ttJ •

l:

1:[

L\ L\ L\ �

The continuation was: 1 ..J:txc31 2.'ti'xc3

and Black announced mate in four moves by 2.. . ..Wfl + ! 3 .l:txfl ti::le2 + 4.�hl lbfg3+ S.fxg3 lbxg3 mate. 54 Game Position Von Treskow Zukertort Berlin, December 1868

Notes by Zukertort

1 0 . d5! . .

.:-. this way Black maintains a decisive , :,·antage in development. 1 1 .�xf6 'ifxf6 1 2.'Wxd5+ Ae6 13.'ii'd 2 lbc6 14.lbf3 tlad8 15.'ii'b2 �c4!

'."ith this

.. :ed.

l

-. mistake which allows opponent to . nclude the game brilliantly.

�· l

.i. � · L\ �

the game is in fact already de­

16.l:tc1 lbd4 1 7.e5?

.l

I.

L\ �

L\ � l::t

'ij' l l\ l:I L\

'iK L\ I

151

]ohannes Zukertort

1 ...'i:¥xc2! 2Jbc2 lZJxg3 3.'ir'g6 �fs 4.'ii'd 6! �as s:�·xdS+ �ha 6.'ir'd1

On 6.a4 follows 6...�xc2 and on 7 .i.xf8 or 7 .fxg3 , mate in three moves. 6...l:tfd8 7.�d6 lZJe2 8.a4 lZJxc3

and Black won.

55 Pire Defence S****

Zukertort (without f7-pawn) Berlin I 868 Notes by Zukertort 1.e4 d6 2.d4 lZJf6 3.�d3

3 lZJc3 is better.

3...eS 4.dxeS dxeS S.�bS+ �d7 6.lZJc3 �b4 7.�xd7+ lZJbxd7 8...igS 0-0 9.'ii'd 2 lUeS 10.'i¥xd8 �axd8 1 1 .f3 lZJa4 1 2.i.d2 lZJxb2 13.Ub1

A last attempt: White wants to avoid the exchange of both pieces in order to be able to hold up the a-pawn. 29 ..Jbe2+ 30.�f1 a3 31.fxeS a2

White resigns. 56

From Gambit

Zukertort Sclunidt

Berlin 1868 Notes by Zukertort 1 .f4 eS 2.fxeS d6 3.exd6 �xd6 4.t2Jf3 lZJh6 S.d4 t:bg4 6.�gS f6 7.�h4 'ti'e7 e:.-d3 0-0 9.e4 lle8 10.lZJbd2 .ifS 1 1 ....b3+ �h8 1 2.eSlZJc6

The best continuation.

If 1 2.. .cS, White proceeds with 1 3 .h3

tbh6 1 4.0-0-0.

1 3.0-0·0 If 1 3 .h3, Black would obtain a winning

attack with 1 3 . ..lZJxd4 ,.-xe5+ l 5.t:be2 tbe3.

l 4.tbxd+

13 ...�b4 14.h3 t2Jh6

Black gains nought by l 4 .. . tC.a5 1 S .'ti'a4 lZJe3 l 6.c3 �c2 1 7 .'ii'xb+ etc. 1S.c3 �aS 16.g4 �96

1 3...nxd2! 14.xd2 l::l.d8+ 1 S.�c1 �xc3 16.J:lxb2 �xb2+ 17.xb2 �d1

This rook move, the point of the previ­ ous combination, decides the game, since it makes it impossible for White to develop his pieces.

18.c4lZJhS 19.g3 gS 20.�c2 l:la1 21 .�b2 l:lf1 22.�c2 lZJg7 23.Wd2 lUeS 24.e2 :a1 2S.Wf2 J:lxa2+ 26.lZJe2 t2Jd4 27.ge1 aS 28.f4 a4 29J:td1

152

17.gS! lUgS

White has now the superiority of num­ bers and position, whatever Black ma\· play. 1 7 .. .fxgS was a little better.

Tournaments at Aochen 1 868, Hamburg and Barmen 1 8 69

18.gxf6 gxf6 19.�c41 'ifd7 20.�xg8 .l::txg8 21 .�xf6+ %:tg7 22.h4 h5 23.%:tdg1 1t'e8

'it'

::· 2 3 .. .CiJe7, White can win a piece with >::- '�a3. 24.:xg61 26.'�i'c2

'ifxg6 25J%g1

•

... �

.t.'if

'ifh6

·::hire could force the game with � -=- -�f7 l:%.g 8 27 ..Ug5. 26...l:%.g8 27.J:[g6 'ti'e3 28.tt:jg5 '\ife1 + 29.'it'd1 'iixd1 + 30.�xd1

.:ta

::· 30 .. %:t anywhere else then 3 1 .Uxg7. ·.·::1ite mates in 2 moves, starting with : : ..k.xg7+. .

57

Dutch Defence

�otes by Zukertort

1.d4 f5 2.�f4 !Llf6 3.h3 c5 4.dxc5 'iia5+ 5.!Llc3 'i!fxc5 6.!Llf3 !Llc6 7.e3 a6 8.�e2 e5 9.�h2 �e7 10.'ii'd 2 b5 1 1 .0-0 0-0 12.a3d6

1 2 ...e4 White plays first of all

. �.b4.

13.b4 'ifa7 14.a4 !Llxb4 1 5.axb5 aS 16.Ac4+ 'it.'h8 17.!Llg5 d5 18.�b3 :: is

clear that White must not take the

18...d4 . � . . .e4 was better.

1 9.exd4 exd4 20.!Lle2 21 .�e51 h6 2 2.Axf6

j. j. & ltJ

1:1

� �

j. �

�

32...!Lle2+

The decisive manoeuvre. 33.'it.'h1

On 3 3.Wh2 there follows 3 3 ... !Llc3 34.j,c6 l:hdl 3S.l::txdl !Llxd1 3 6.�xe8 �8+.

33...!Llc3 34..tc6 !Llxd1 35.�xe8 !Llxf2+ 36.�h2 \'r'b8 37.g3 !Lle4

Schlll'ig Zukertort Leipzig. 19 March 1869

= ::

K .i

•

�c5

·.'.'nite would have had the rather better ::�me after 22.!Llf3. · 22 ..J:txf6 23.!Llf3 �d7 24.c4 dxc3 25.!Llxc3 l:le8 26Jlad1 :ds 27.'�'b2 !Lld3 28.'ifa2 .ib4 29.�c4 j,e6 30.!Lld5 �xd5 31 ..axd5 !Llf4 32.'Wc4

White resigns. If White moves the bishop back, then follows 3 8 ... %:td2+ 39.!Llxd2 'ifxg3+ 40.Wh1 'ifxh3+ 4 1 .�g1 .tcS+.

58

Italian Game

Zukertort Minckwitz Leipzig. 20 March 1869 Notes by Zukertort

1.e4 e5 2.!Llf3 !Llc6 3.�c4 �c5 4.c3 !Llf6 5.d4 exd4 6.cxd4 j,b4+ 7..td2 j,xd2+ 8.!Llbxd2 !Llxe4

We do not think this continuation is as good as 8 ... d5; after 9.!Llxe4 dS 1 O. .ixdS 'ii'xdS 1 1.0-0 0-0 12.!Llc3 the black queen has no good square of re­ treat. In another game Minckwitz played 1 2...'ilhS here. White also then obtained a decisive advantage and lost the game in the end only because of a blunder. 9.!Llxe4 d5 1 o.gxd5 1 1 .0-0 0-0 12.!Llc3 'ifd8

'ii'xd5

153

Johannes Zukertort

On 1 2 ... 'i!fh5 White plays 1 3 .d5 Ci:Je7 ( 1 3 ... Ci:Je5 1 4.Ci:Jxe5 'ifxe5 I S .l:Iel) 14.Ci:Jd4. 1 3.d5! Ci:Je7 14.Ci:Je5 'ii'd6 15.I:te1 l:te8 16.Ci:Jc41 'ikc5 17.d6 'ii'xc4

On 1 7 ... cxd6 follows 1 8.Ci:Jxd6 l:td8 1 9Jhe7 �f5 20.Ci:Jcb5 a6 2 I .'ii'd4. 1 8Jhe7 i.g4 1 9.'ijfe1

Here 1 9.f3 came into consideration. 1 9.....td7 20.'fld2 \i'c6 55...l:td6 56.e4

56.'i!if7 was the simplest here. 56..J:td1 57.exf5 �xf5 58.g4

58 .'ilic6 must not be played because o:· 58 ... lld4+. 58...l:th1 + 59.�g3 l:tg1 + 60.Wf3 l:txg4 61 .'i!fc7 l:tg5 �d3 63.'i!fd4 l:tf5+

If Black takes the b-pawn at once the:-. White forces a draw by perpetuc... check.

21 .Ci:Jd5!

The correct continuation and a totally decisive combination for White. 21 ...cxd6

2 J ...�xd6 was not possible because of 22..lhd7 'iWxd7 23.Ci:Jf6+. 22.nc1•bS

On 22 ... 'li'a4 follows 23.b3 'it'g4 24.h3 "iffS 2S.g4 and White wins the bishop. 23.li:�c7?

At the decisive moment White lets the win out of his grasp. With 23.l::lxe8+ .l:txe8 24.Ci:Jc7 'ifeS (24 ...'ti'b6 25 .Ci:Jxe8 �xe8 26.�c8 'i!VbS (26 . . .'�>f8 27 .'i!Ye2) 2 7 .'it'xd6 and 28.'i!Ve7) 2S .Ci:Jxe8 'irxe8 (25 .. .£.xe8 26.nel 'i!Vbs 27.'ti"xd6) 26.'ifxd6 �c6 27.�dl White must win. 23...l:txe7 25.'t/Vxd6

24.Ci:Jxb5

�xb5

After a couple of hours and thirty moves of manoeuvring arose the fol­ lowing position... 154

62.'ilixb6

64.we3 �xb5 65.'ir'e4 66.'i¥d3 �ea 67."i!Vc2

�d7

Draw. A very interesting drawn position: rr.-: White queen continually attacks rh-: bishop, which must protect the rook. 59 Petroff Defence Zukertort Minckwitz

Berlin, April

I 869

Notes by Zukertort

1 .e4 e5 2.Ci:Jf3 Ci:Jf6 3.Ci:Jxe5 d6 4.Ci:Jf3 Ci:Jxe4 5.d4 d5 6.�d3 �e7 7.0-0 Ci:Jd6

Minckwitz considers this move word:·. of recommendation, since in this w;;.·. the attack introduced by c2-c4 on tl:t point dS, respectively e4, will be prt· vented. However, Black also loses xf3 'iiie4

.§Lxf3+

Mate. 155

]ohannes Zukertort

62

King's Gambit

61

Schulten Zukertort Berlin, May 1869

Berlin 1869

Notes by Zukertort

1 .e4 eS 2.f4 exf4 3.�c4 dS 4.exdS 'Wh4+ S.Wf1 �d6 6.tl:lf3 'iYhS 7.d4 Ci:Je7 8.tl:lc3 .ifS 9.t'LlbS gS 10.t'Llxd6+ cxd6 1 1 .�e1 t'Lld7 1 2.�b4 g4 13.t'Lle1 f3 14.g3 ge4 1S.Wf2 �xdS 16.�d3 0·0·0 17.�f4 Ci:Jc6 18.fi'xd6 Ci:JdeS 19.'ii'cS Ci:Jxd3+ 20.Ci:Jxd3 'i:Yh3! 21J:tag1 �e6 22.c4

White gives up the d4-pawn to prevent Black from playing .. J:tdS. 2 2...l:lxd4 23.Ci:Jb4

ll

•

l

l

156

1 S.t'Llg3 c4

Not advisable, as the simple rejoinde� 1 6.�c2 f6 1 7 .lbd4 procures White the superior game. 1 6.�xg7

17.'iVh6 f6

Absolutely necessary, to prevent 1 8.tLigS. 18.tehs l:tt7?

was far better, and I douC.: whether White would then have a win· ning attack. 1 8 ... 'fie7

2S.'ifd6

!txb4

On 26.b3 follows 26 .. J:td8 27.�c5 �e4 28.'ii'c3 (in order to prevent 28 .. J:td2+ and 2 9 . . . f:.e2 mate) 28 .. J�d l ! 29.'t!fc2 (or wherever; 29.'f!fh8+ d?) 29 ...l;tfl +.

White resigns.

1 4... f6 is the usual and best move.

Of course Black cannot take the queen·; bishop, on account of 1 6 ... Wxg � l ?.Ci:JhS+ �h8 1 8.tih6 Ilg8 19.tL.g: and wins.

23...lle4!

26...!txb2+ 28.';i;>d3 l:d8

1 .e4 es 2.Ci:Jf3 Ci:Jc6 3.�c4 ..acs 4.b4 .ixb4 S.c3 �cs 6.0-0 d6 7.d4 exd4 8.cxd4 �b6 9.dS ttJaS 1 0.gb2 t'Lle7 1 1 ..id3 0-0 12.'iJc3 tl:lg6 13.Ci:Je2 cS 14.'i¥d2 �c7

1 6...cxd3

•

If Black plays 2 2 . . . J::£xc4 then White would force at least a draw by 23.'ti'd6, but now White must move his bishop back and give up a pawn and a piece. l:txc4

Notes by Zukertort

The course proposed in the precedins note was the safer one.

� ..t 'if tb � l � l l � 'ti' �� � � � l::t

24.ge3 26..if4

Evans Gambit

Zukertort Schulten

27.We3

:e2+

K

.t 'i¥ l l .t l

� .l

fj.

t2J fj. fj. fj. tr �

1 9.t'Llxf6+! l:txf6 20.lbgS tLf8 21 ..txf6 �d7 22J:tad1 lbc4

Black's game is now beyond redemp­ tion. whatever he may play.

Tournaments at Aachen 1 8 68, Homburg and Ba rmen 1 8 69 23Jixd3 tbe5 24J�g3 tbeg6 25.f4 b6 26.f5 .taG 27.fxg6 ::_xg6 28.tbxh7 'tWxh 7 29Jbg6+ : . ��k resigns.

63

King's Gambit Stosch Zu.kertort 3erlin, May 1869

\otes by Zukertort

1 .e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.�c4 d5 4.j.xd5 �h4+ 5.Wf1 g5 6.�f3 c6 7.'i!Yc3 f6 8.tbf3 'ii'h 5 9...ixg8 !xg8 10.'iixf6 �g4 1UWe5+

: :-: I I .tbeS follows l l ...Yi.e7 1 2 .tbxg41 11t :.:g+1 1 3.'it'c3 �dl+.

11 ...ge7 12.'ifc3 tbd7 1 3.d4 0-0-0 14.tbbd2 �xf3 15.tbxf3 : :- : I S .�xf3 follows equally 1 S ... g4. 15 ...g4 16.tbg1 f3 17.g3 tbcS! 18.�14

: :: 1 8.dxc5 Black wins by 1 8 .. .l:f.d 1 + : . �£2 �xc5+ 20 . .Q.e3 .axe3+ fol­ ·.·:ed by 2 1 .. Jha 1 . 1 8...tbxe4 1 9.'iYd3 ..tc5!

A I ) 24.Wxgl 'ifh3 25.'ifd2 lle2 26.'ti'xe2 fxe2 27.l:lel (on 27.�f2 follows 2 7 . . . 'iff3+ 28.Wgl g3) 27 ...'ti'e3+ 28.�g2 'ti'f3 + 29.�gl g3; A2) 24.h4 �b6 2SJ�el (on 25 ..!:tdl immediately decisive is 2 5 ... g3) 2S ... 'ifb5+ 26.'i!fd3 Uxe 1 + 2 7 .'�xe 1 'iYxd3 28.cxd3 g3. B) 2 l .�eS l1xd4 B l ) 22.1!fel ld.xe5 23.'ii'c3 f2 24.h3 (if White takes the pawn, then he will be mated in two moves, if he moves the knight then it is mate in three) 24. . .fxgl 'if+ 25.l:lxgl 'iVfS+ 26.'�g2 l:le2+ 27.�hl il'e4+; B2) 22.�xd4 �xd4 23 .�xd4 'Wb5+ 24.Wf2 .!:te2+. C) 2 l .'ifxe8 ld.xe8 22.dxc5 'i'ixc5 and Black forces the win after 23 Jk 1 or 23.c3 with 23 ...'i!fc4+ followed by 24 . . . l:le2+, and on 24.l:tdl with 24 ...'Wxc2 25 .l1d2 'We 1 + etc. 20...f2? Premature. Black wins easily with

20 ...tbf6.

21.'iYxe4 fxg1 'if+ 22.�xg1 l1ge8 23.'i'id3 �b6 24.�g2 'ifd5+ 25.Wf2 c5 26.l:the1 cxd4 27.c4 �h5 28.'�91 l:te3!

20.c3

. :· White plays 20.�xe4 then he loses

20 .. Jlge8, as the following varia­ . . ms demonstrate: .l.) 2 I .'ili'd3 thd4 22.'it'c3 (on � �. '\Wb3 Black plays equally 22 .. Jhf4) � 2 . . Jhf4 23.gxf4 �xg l

29.'iVd2

On 29.�xe3 dxe3 30.'i'ie4 Black wins by 30 . . J�d2 3 l .h4! (3 1 .'iYhl e2+ 32.�g2 1/Vh3 mate) 3 l ...gxh3 32.lhcl 157

Johannes Zukertort l:tg2+ 33.c;t;hl l::txg3 34Jk2 'ilfg6 3S .'�xg6 hxg6 36.c5 �c7 37.l:rce2 �f4 38.!lfl! gS and 39 ... Wd7 etc., or 3 1 .'i'e6+ c;t;b8 32.jyg8+ Ad8 33.h4 ..-fs 34.l:tf1 'ii'c 2.

17.Ci:Jxf7 l:lxf7 18.ilxg6 1 9.lbe4 l:tf8 20.h3

.:.ts?

This move is necessary here, in order : : maintain the attack. 20...lbc4 21 .g3 'iff3

29..JH3 30.�h1 d3 31 .l:te5 'i'h3 32.'ii'g2

22.�h7+! wxh7

22 ...Wh8 decisive is 23.�xg�­ (23 .''iWxh6 is bad because : : 23 ...Ci:Jxb2) 23 ...Wxg7 24.'iVg6+ �r-� 2 S.'ifxh6.

On

32...d2! 33J:Xd5

White has no move to avert defeat: on 3 3 .�xh3 follows 33 ...d l 'if+ 34.l:te l ! 'ifxe l + 3S.l:txel gxh3; on 33.l:ldl 'iVxg2+ 34.�xg2 �f2+ 3S.�hl l:tfl +I 36.Ihf1 d l � . 33 ...l:txd5 34.cxd5 'ifxg2+ 35.Wxg2 l:tf2+ 36.'it>h1 �e2

64 Evans Gambit Zukertort Schulten Berlin, June 1869 Notes by Zukertort 1 .e4 e5 2.Ci:Jf3 Ci:Jc6 3.�c4 .ic5 4.b4 �xb4 5.c3 Ac5 6.0-0 d6 7.d4 exd4 8.cxd4 ..1b6 9.d5 Ci:Ja5 1 0...1b2 Ci:Je7 1 1 .�d3 0-0 12.Ci:Jc3 c5? 13.e5! Ci:Jg6 14.exd6 15.Ci:Jg5 'ii'f4 1 6.'ti'h5 h6

�xd6

1 6 ... 'ti'h4 cannot be played because of 1 7 .�xg6. 158

and White won.

65 Evans Gambit Zukertort Schulten Berlin, June 1869 Notes by Zukertort

and Black won.

Here 1 2 ... Ci:Jg6 must be played.

23.lbg5+ c;t>g8 24.lbxf3 !Lxb2 25.ttae1 �d7 26Jle7 i.e8 27.'i!Ve5

1 .e4 e5 2.lbf3 lbc6 3.�c4 i.c5 4.b4 .ixb4 5.c3 �as 6.d4 exd4 7.0-0 �b6 8.cxd4 d6 9.d5 lL.aS 10.�b2 Ci:Je7 1 1..�.d3 0-0 1 2.lL.c3 lbg6 13.Ci:Je2 f6

Here 1 3 ... cS must first be played. 14.Ci:Jfd4! l:lf7 15.Wh1 !

Absolmely essential, in order to be ab:: to immediately move the f-pawn.

1 5 ... c5 1 6.lbe6 'ti'e8 17.f4 �xe6 18.dxe6 l:tc7 1 9..ic3 c4 20.�c2 l:td8 21 .f5 lbe5 22.lbf4 lbac6 23.lbd5 l:lcc8 24.'tWe1 il'h5?

Tournaments at Aachen 1 8 68, Hamburg and Barmen I 8 6 9

· . . > s of tempo, since the queen will be :: ::-:n back to its old place. 25.�d1 �ea 26.r!f4 �fa 27.J:th4 .k.. c528.Aa4

IX

Lxc6, . he threatens to win the rook -. :i8 by 3 l.e7. Thus this rook is : �;:d to e8, so preventing Black from ,,:::1g with the knight on the 3 1st ·:e.

•

•

•

� £ 'fg £ • tU £ � ' � �

�

�� �

:-.:re will in this way perhaps not

· ·7·:ent the advance of the queen's ,:-.k. but, after 2 9 . .ixe5 dxeS

'if

�

j_

�

n

38.L!Jxf61 'ifxf6 39Jbh6+ �xh6 40Jbh6+ gxh6

28 ..J1e8 29.'ir'g3 a 6 30.'ifh3 h6 31 ..ixe5 dxe5! 32.'ifg4 �h81

On 40 ...�g8 follows 4L'ifh7+ �f8 42.lhf6+ We? 43.'ifxg7+ �d6 44.e7+.

. :-. 3L.'i!fh7 White would force vie­ :·: by 33 .'ifg6+ Wh8 34.LLlxf6.

41.li'xf6+ wh7 42.�h5 1lc7 43.�g6+ Wg8 44.�f7+ �f8 45.'it'xh6+ �e7 46.f6+ �d6 47.e7

33.�g6 �e7 34.r!c1 b5 35.�d1

Black resigns. There could follow 47 ... tUxe7 48.'ir'd2+ Wc6 49.'Wxd8 LLlc8 (49 .. Jld7 50.fxe7) SO.�dS+ Wb6 5 1 .£7.

35...l:ted8

:·:ne manoeuvre through which Black :.::eeds in bringing up further protec­ :1 for the threatened h6-point, after :.ich, however, the f6-square loses the • 7 �essary cover. : . �.:k best plays 3 5 ... b4, so as not to al­ ··: the rook to c3 and, on 3 6.l:txc4, to :.:e a rook exchange by 3 6 ... LLld4. : - . ,,·ever, White would not take the . · :-awn but continue the attack with . � g4 and, after 3 6 ... l:led8 37.g5 'ii'e 8, :::e victory by 38.l:txh6+! gxh6 . :. ' �'xh6+ Wg8 40.gxf6. ·

_

36Jic3 .ib4 37J1ch3 �d2

66 Evans Gambit Zukertort Von Schutz Berlin, Summer 1869 Notes by Zukertort

1 .e4 e5 2.L!Jf3 tUc6 3.�c4 �c5 4.b4 �xb4 5.c3 .ic5 6.d4 exd4 7.0-0 d6 8.cxd4 �b6 9.d5 tUa5 10.�b2 tUe7 1 1 .�d3 0-0 12.tUc3 lUg6 13.L!Je2 c5 14.'ifd2 f6 15.Wh11 �c7 16.l:tac1 l:tb8 17.L!Jfg1 b5 18.f4 c4 19.Ab1 b4 20.�d4 c3 21 .'iid1 �b6 22.L!Jf3 �a6 23.f5 �xe2 24.'ifxe2 lUeS 25.�xe5 fxe5 26.g4 tUb7 27.g5 a5 28.h4 .l:tc8 29.tUh2 'ife8 30.'ifg4 a4 31.f6 g6 32JU3 �d4 33.l:tcf1 't!ff7 34.'ife6 b3 35.axb3 axb3 36.tUg4! 'ifxe6 37.dxe6 c2 159

Johannes Zukertort

3B.e71 cxb1 'if 39.�xb1 tt:lc5 40.tt:\h6+ WhB 41.exfB'i¥+ �xfB 42J:tfxb3 tt:\xb3

22.exf6 gxf6

Black must take the exchange, other­ wise l:tb8 is played.

' '

43.l'hb3gf2

r

White could announce mate here.

�

� · � 'iW

�

'

'

��

�

r!

I

ttJ

A

�� fl �

White announced mate in four mo,·t, by 23.l:txf6+ We? 24.'ifg7+ � : : 2SJ�d6+ l:txd6 26.lDe6 mate. 68 44.llb71 gxh4 45.l:tg7 �xg5

Too late! 46.l:tg8+ l:txgB 47.liJf7

Mate. 67

From Gambit

Zukertort Schmidt Berlin, July 1869 Notes by Zukertort 1.f4 e5 2.fxe5 d6 3.exd6 �xd6 4.tt:\f3 tt:\h6 5.d4 tt:\g4 6..ig5 f6 7..ih4 0-0 B.e4 l:teB 9.Ac4+ fs 2s.nf8+: : : 2 6...'ti'e7 27.g5+ fs 28.'ifd3+ �h7 14.�xf7 'il/e7 1S.Ag6+�h8

177

Johannes Zukertort

1 6.�e2

The decisive preparatory move. 1 6 ...ltJc6 17.gxh6 gxh6 18.gxh6 tDxh6 19.'ifxh6+ �g8 20J:tag1 ..txg1 2Ubg1

which is unsatisfactory on account 1 2 .lDh4 �hS 1 3 .lle4, threateni:-. ; 14.�e2. ·

12.tDxb5

Black resigns. Evans Gambit

91

Munk Zukertort Berlin, March

1871

Notes by Zukertort

1 .e4 e5 2.tDf3 tDc6 3.�c4 �c5 4.b4 gxb4 5.c3 ..ta5 6.d4 exd4 7.0-0 dxc3 8.'fHb3 'iff6 9.e5 'ti'g6 1 O.ltJxc3 ltJge7

• .t • • l lll�lll � � A � � � 'i' ti:J ttJ � ��� n � I It � 11.l�e1

The counter gambit in the Compro­ mised Defence was already tried as far back as 1 8 5 1 by Dufresne, but it was of­ fered on the 1 Oth move instead of I O ...tDge7. The attempt proved unsatis­ factory. It was introduced by Anderssen on the 1 1 th move in the spring of 1868, whilst playing with Zukertort at Berlin. The latter abandoned then the usual continuation l l .lDe2, and intro­ duced the text move, which, however, was again demolished by Zukertort himself 1 1 ...b5

Neumann played against Anderssen at the Baden Baden tournament, 1 l ... llb8, 178

1 2...0-0?

Weak; Zukertort gives in his analysis :�. Neue Berliner Schachzeitung the follow· ing victorious defence: 1 2 . . . t t : 1 3 .lDh4 (there is nothing better: :: 1 3 .�d2 then 1 3 ... .2.xd2 1 4.luxd2 20...l!fxg41 21.fxg4 �b7+ 22 .ae4 .axe4+ 23.l:tf3 t:Llh4 24.:tf1 t:Llxf3 25Jbf3 t:Llg6 26..bf8 t:Llxe5 27.�g2 �xf8 28.�g3 lt::lxf3 •

·.::hite resigns.

14...�xe1 1 15..axf7+ l::txf7 1 6.'iYxg4 �xf2+ 17.�h1 �xh4 18.i..a3

On 1 8.g3 follows at once 1 8 ....i.b7.

18...i..a6 19.lt::lxc7 �af8 20.g3

On 20.h3, Black wins by 20 . . J�f4.

20...�b7 21.'it>g1

It is clear that White cannot take the bishop with either the queen or the pawn.

21 ...t:Llxe5 22.'iYb4

Actually the best move; on 22.'iYhS Black forces the win even more quickly with 2 2 . . .�g5. 179

Johannes Zukertort 22...�c6

23.gxh4 White has no better move; the queen has no good move, any rook move is pointless, on 23.lLlbS follows 2 3 ...�g5.

23...lLlf3+

23 .. J:tf2 was not good because of 24.'tWb3+ Wh8 2S.�xe7 26.hl l:tg3+ 27.�d5.

l'Ig2-

24.q;>f2 On any king move follows 24 ...lLld4+.

24...lL:ld4+ 25.wg3

and Black mates in four moves.

180

Victory over Anderssen 1871 93

Vienna Game

Zu.kertort Anderssen Berlin, 4 April I 871

Notes by Zukerton

1.e4 e5 2.lLic3 l2Jc6 3..ic4 .ic5 4.d3 ·.;:hite delays the development of his ,_:�g's knight as long as possible, so that .·.: can play f4 as soon as the opponent ::·.:>Yes ...l2Jf6. 4...d6 5.l2Jf3 l2Jf6 6.l2Je2 d5 7.exd5 l2Jxd5 8.l2Jg3 0-0 9.0-0 h6 �e6 10Jie 1 1 �d6 11 .id21 . 12.1i'c1 'i'd7 -:-::is and the previous move virtually : �·)voke a sacrifice. 1 3..ixh61 ·:::: consider this sacrifice quite correct, .. ::ce Black at best can now only achieve ; :.raw. 1 3...gxh6 14.'i'xh6 f6 : :1 14. . .f5 White wins by l S .lZ:lgS; then . : . . . ttf6 1 6.'i'xf6 l2Jxf6 1 7.i.xe6+ or . : .. Jiae8 1 6.lZ:lxe6 l:H6 1 7 .'ifg5+.

1 7 .'\i'xf6 .th7 1 8.l2Jg5 l2Jd8 1 9 .l2Jxf7 l2Jxf7 20 . .l:le3 . On l S . . . l:t.fl 1 6 .'i'g6+ �f8 1 7 .ltJh6 llg7 1 8.'i'xf6+ �e8 1 9 .l2Jg5 and Black has to sacrifice the exchange. so that White has rook and three pawns for two minor pieces. Black best plays 1 5 ...�f7. whereupon White makes a draw by 1 6.l:le4 Lfs 1 7 Jlg4+! .txg4 1 8.�xd5 'ii'xdS 1 9.'i'g6+. 16.l2Jg51 fxg5 On 1 6. . .'i!fxh6 follows 1 7 .l2Jxh6+ �g7 1 8 .l2Jxe6+ Wxh6 l 9 .l2Jxf8; on 1 6 . . .'i'xf5 1 7 .l2Jxe6 'ilr'xe6 1 8 .'i'g6+ �h8 1 9.l:le4. 17.'i'xe6+ �h8 18.l2Jxd6l2Jf4 A last try; on l 8... cxd6 1 9.'ifxd5 White retains two extra pawns and the supe­ rior position. 1 9.l2Jf7+ �g7 20.'i'd7 Black resigns.

94

Evans Gambit

Anderssen Zu.kertort

I*

I I

1 1 1 'ik � .t. .t l 'if �1 . � � lb tb ��� ���

--

:

:

�

15.l2Jf5! 'i'h 7 �:: I S ... Lfs follows 1 6..ixd5+ .ie6 - .�g6+ Wh8 1 8.l:le4 'ir'g7 1 9 .l:th4+ � g 8 20 . .ixe6+ etc. or 1 6 . . . llf7

I st Match Game, Berlin, 7 April 1 8 7 I

Notes by Zukertort

1.e4 e5 2.l2Jf3 l2Jc6 3..ic4 .ic5 4.b4 .1xb4 5.c3 .ia5 6.d4 exd4 7.0-0 dxc3 8.'tlfb3 'i'f6 9.e5 1Wg6 1 O.l2Jxc3 llJge7 1 1 .l2Je2 b5 1 2..id3 'i'e6 13.'i'b2 l2Jg6 1 4.l2Jf4 'i'e7 1 5.l2Jd5 Stronger than 15.e6 l2Jxf4 l6.'i'xg7 l:lfB 1 7 ..ixf4 fxe6 I B.'ifg4 .ib7 1 9 ..1xb5 0-0-0. 15 ...'i'c5? A mistake. which subsequently leads to the loss of the queen. 181

johannes Zukertort

16.�e4 0-0 17.�e3

White plays logically for the win of the enemy queen; the game enters a really interesting phase. 1 7...�c4 18.'iWb1 .tea 1 9.Z:c1 b4 20.tt:lxc7

With an attack on the rook, White cuts off the line of retreat for the black queen. Here also 20.a3 came into con­ sideration. 20..J:�b8 21.tt:ld2 �e2 22.�f3

Johannes Zukertort (cigarette card)

31.'\Wxd7 l:txe3 32.�c4 tLe5 33.�xf7+ tt:lxf7 34.'i?xb 7 l:a3 22...�xe3

Black gives up his queen for the best possible price. 23.fxe3 �xd2 24.tt:ld5

Since the exchange cannot be saved 24.l1dl �xe3+ 25.�hl �d4 26.�xc6 �xa l 27.�xd7 �xe5 28.�xc8 and Black has a good game - White brings a displaced piece back into play and pro­ tects the attacked pawn. 24...�xc1 25.�xc1 tt:lcxe5 26.�e2 �b7 27.'ii'd 2 a5 28JU1 11bc8 29.tt:lf4

In order to obtain any sort of attack, White must exchange one of the two enemy knights. 29 ..J:tc3 30.tt:lxg6 tt:lxg6

It is clear that 3 0 ... fxg6 may not be played - 3 1 Jhf8+ followed by 3 2 .�d6+ - on the other hand 30 ...hxg6 was to be considered: on 3 J .�d4 would then follow 3 l ... f6. 182

35JU2

After the game a spectator maimair!h8

20 . . .�g8 would be more disastrous be­ cause of 2 1 .tbxe4 tbxe4 22 .dxe4 'it't : 23 .tbxh6+ gxh6 24.l:[g3+.

21.tbxe4 ttJxe4

On 2 I . .Jhe4+ 22.dxe4 �e8 could fc:. low 23.tbg3 �eS 24.�xh6 gxl:� 2 S .'i¥xf6+, or 24 . . . �g8 2 5 ..2.xg · Wxg7 26Jhf6!.

22.dxe4 'ti'e5

Victory over Anderssen 1 8 7 1

I

.i.

I IK � .a

� �� � �� : �

��

'ifttJ � � �

• � 1/V

��

23.�xh61

-:-:1e decisive move, which forces the ex­ _ ::ange of queens and secures White's � -;ssession of an extra piece.

23 ...1Wxe4+ 24.'ilxe4 25.�e3�xe3

l:txe4+

2S ... g6 would naturally follow

. :1

�-=.0-0-0.

�

• ttJ

.i �

��

.I

•

·�· � � ttJ .i. � 'if � � - � a: �

25 ...�xg2!

An absolutely decisive move, but which is not obvious.

26.�xg2

If White takes the knight or plays his knight back, then Black captures the rook; on 26J;tf2 follows 2 6 ... �xh3 .

26 ...axb6

26.t2Jxe3 tUe8 27. secure and, for the endgame, the pc; · session of an extra pawn and a knig:-.· against a bishop is in fact decisive. 26..Jic8 27.Ud1 'fVd8 28.llf3 tE

29.'it>xb3 �f7+ 30.Wc2 'ii'g8

Anderssen expressed the opinion af:-:: the game that, due to this mistaken rr::. · noeuvre, he allowed the win to s::? from his grasp, which would have be::: his after 30 . . Jh8. This is in fact not t�.:

Victory over Anderssen 1 8 7 1 ince as analysis showed, White uld then have the better game with : : .d4. .:.>e. s

·

,

20...c�h8 21.�xf4

-

31J:Ib1 �a2 32..:tb2 t1g7 33Jbf6 t1cc7 -.: ;olutely essential. since White threat­ -::d to force mate by 3 4..:1.xb5+.

:�.

34JU8 'i!fe6

•• •

• 'if � �� .t � �

� 'if l

�

•• 21 ...l2Jb4122..:txb4

-

Cjj � �

35.lbf51 ; ).:lxbS+ cxbS 36.'iixb5+ would .-.�\·e led only to a draw by perpetual .::eck.

35..Jbg2+ 36.�c1 .:tg6 37.a4 .:tcg7

White must give up the exchange, oth­ erwise he loses a piece: 2 2.'iVfS �xf3 (22 ... g6? 23.'iYgS �xh7 24.'ii'h 6+ �g8 2 S .lbg5) 23.gxf3 g6 24.li'gs �xh7 2S.'iih 6+ �g8 and on 26 .l:.fe l lbd3 2 7 .�g5 lDxeS.

22...�xb4 23..tf5 'ii'c4 24.'ifxc4 bxc4 25J:tc1 On 2S ..txd7 Black brings his superior­ ity to account with 2S . Jhd8 2 6 ..Q.g4 .

�xf3 27.�xf3 �d2 28.�xd2 l:hd2.

�:ack can no longer avert defeat.

38.lbxg7 lbg7 39.axb5 'ii'h 6+ 40.:td2 �:ack resigns. I 00 Evans Gambit

Anderssen Zukertort 7th Match Game, Berlin, 1 2 April 1 8 7 1 Notes by Zukertort

1 .e4 e5 2.tt:Jf3 tt:Jc6 3.�c4 �c5 4.b4 �xb4 5.c3 �aS 6.d4 exd4 7.0-0 dxc3 8.'ti'b3 'iff6 9.e5 'iig6 10.tt:Jxc3 lbge7 1 1 .lbe2 b5 12 ..td3 'ife6 13.'ii'b2 lbg6 14.lbf4 li'e7 15.lbd5 'ii'e6 16.�e4 o-o 17.'it'c2 �b7 1 8..:tb1 a6 1 9.tt:Jf4 lDxf4 20.�xh7+

: o.�xf4 was better.

25 ...d5! Apparently a blunder, since in this way a piece is lost. But Black in fact sacrifices a piece for a pawn so as to again con­ nect his pawns, which are then irresist­ ible.

26J:tb1

On 26.exd6 follows 26.. �d6 27.hd6 .

cxd6 28 .:txc4 g6 29...id3 l:.fc8. .

189

johannes Zukertort

26...a5 27.a3 �ea 28.�xc8 l:tfxca 29.axb4 axb4 30.e6

The last attacking chance.

30...fxe6 31 .�e5 c5 32.h4 c3 33.lbg5 c2 34Jlc1 b3 35.lbxe6 d4

White resigns.

22...«t>xd6 23.l'Ve6+ �cS! 24.�c1 + wbs 25.'ii'e2+ was 26.'iid2+ Wb5 27.'i¥d3+ was 28.'�a3+ �b5 29.1Xb1 + �c4

Here and on the 26th move, Blac;: could have interposed the knight, be this would only have delayed the mate .

30.l:le4+

1 0 1 Evans Gambit

Black resigns.

Zukertort (without tbbl)

M****

I 02 Game Position

Berlin. May ! 8 7 1

Zukertort (without l:ta 1) X.

Notes by Zukertort 1 .e4 e5 2.lbf3 lLlc6 3.�c4 .icS 4.b4 �xb4 5.c3 �cs 6.d4 exd4 7.0-0 d6 a.cxd4 �b6 9.lle1 lbf6 1 O.e5 dxe5 1 1 .�a3 e4? 1 2.d5 lLlaS 13.lbg5 lLlxc4 14.'iVa4+ �d71 5.'�xc4 The move 1 5 .lLlxe4 was altogether I S . . . lbe s incorrect, because of ( 1 5 ...�xa4? 1 6.lLlxf6 mate) .

1 6.lLlxe4 15...�f5 17.llxe4+ �d7

�xe4

The right move: on 1 7 ... lbxe4 White forces the win by 1 8 .'iVxe4+ �d7 1 9.'il'f5+ �e8 20.lle 1 + .

18.lle7+ wca 1 9.d6 c6 20.'ti'xf7 lLldS 21 .d7+ Wc7

The king is forced to go forward since on 2 l . . .'�b8 would follow 22.lle8.

Berlin. July 1 8 7 1 Notes by Zukertort

K�

.i. 'if .t. .t. .i. ... � �

...

� �

X

• ... ...

�

.t

ttJ

...

'if ttJ � £;; £;; £;; n

1 .lbxf7! �xf7 2.�h5+ �fa Better was 2 ... g6, on which White play>

3.lLlfS. 3.�xd6+! 'il'xd6 4.lbf5 'iYc6 Loss of the queen or mate cannot bt prevented .

5.'ifxf6+1 g8 7.�g6 mate

6.�e8+

�h7

I 03 King's Gambit

Zukertort Stosch Berlin, summer 1 8 7 1

Notes by Zukertort 22.�d6+!

22.'il¥xd5 was bad because of22 ...'il'xe7. 190

1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.lbf3 g5 4.h4 g4 5.lLle5 lLlf6 s..ac4 d5 7.exdS �d6 8.d4 lLlh5 9.lbc3 'i!i'e7 10.�b5+'i9d8

Victory over Anderssen 1 8 7 1

. ·J . c6, 1 0 .. 5�f8 and 1 o ....id7 are the . :her three moves given in the 'books'. � four lead in practical play to a very :·�·:ourable game for the first player. ..

1 1 .0·0�xh4

1 S .. g 3 would avail nought, e.g. 1 S ... g3 1 6.'it'e 1 + e8 32.'ii'h5+ �d7 33.lhd6+ cxd6 34.'iixh6

26J:txe7+1

-:-:-..;-ough this exchange sacrifice, White .: ;.bsolute master of the situation. 26....ixe7

26... f2 .l::t h 2 + 5 5 . W e 1 5 6 . � d l �xh5+ 5 7 .� e l mate.

o:: :-. 3 + r: .-. -7+ r:

7

�

50...l:�h3+ S1.J::th2 �e4+ S2.�g1 !g3+ ::.:te resigns.

On 22.�hl follows 22 ...g 6 followed by a later ...tt:Je3, on 22.tt:Jed4 the Black c-pawn could advance at once.

22...�fe8 Black intends 23 ... d6 and, on 24.exd6, 24. . .lhe2 followed by 2 5 ...'ir'xd4+ .

23.\t>h1 J::tac8 24.l:tf3 b4 2S.l:th3 c3 : 09 Evans Gambit

Winawer Zukertort ::::ndfold Game, Berlin November 1 8 7 1 \otes by Zukertort

1 .e4 eS 2.tt:Jf3 tt:Jc6 3.�c4 �cS 4.b4 �xb4 S.c3 �as 6.d4 exd4 7.0-0 dxc3 8.'it'b3 'Wf6 9.es 'ifg6 10.�xc3 tt:Jge7 1 1 .tt:Je2 bS 12.�d3'ti'e6 13.ilc2 �:.r event, weaker than

1 3 .�b2.

13 ...tt:Jb4 14.'ii'c3 tt:Jxd 3 1 S.�xaS

.-.:te does better to take the knight;

. .:gh Black exchanges an undevel­ -: ::i piece for a developed one, the .:ble exchange is favourable for Black. : ddition the rook is no better placed . :I . 1 5...tt:Jxc1 1 6 .J::taxc1 �b6 -

The fact that Black here drives the white queen to an attacking square is not a mistake, since it can attack the same points from c2. The advanced passed pawn is an important support for Black's game.

26Ji'd3 �g6 27.fS 'iigS After 2 7 ... 'ti'xg2+ 28.\t>xg2 tt:Jf4+ 29.�f2. tt:Jxd3+ 30.l:txd3 l:txeS Black has four pawns for a minor piece, but the excellent position of the white knight would greatly hinder their advance.

28.llg3 Definitely necessary. 28 .f6 would be mistaken, because of28 ...8xf6 2 9 ..l::tg3 �xe5 .

-

·

.

-

17.'it'c3

i .i.

.I

'

Jl

* '''

immediate 1 7 .'ifd2 was probably

·-:::er.

17...tt:JdS 1 8.'�'d2 �b7 1 9.tt:Jfd4 0-0 20.f4 cS 21 .tt:JfS c4+

28...tt:Jf41 29.tt:Jxf4

-

22.tt:Jfd4

The exchange of queens would be im­ mediately fatal for White. A move away of the queen with an attack on the black bishop was also advantageous for Black: 29.'ifb5 �xg2+ 30.'i#Jgl tt:Jxe2+ 3 l .lt:Jxe2 'ifxfS 32.�xg2 .l::txe5 3 3 .'ii'a6 (33 .�xb4 .l::txe2 34Jhe2 'ii'g 5+ fol­ lowed by 3 5 ...'it'xcl) 3 3 . . Jlce8 34.�fl 197

]ohannes Zukertort

'i»'e6 and Black holds five pawns for a piece. 29...'ilxf4 30JXf1 'ii'e4

In this way Black is in a position to cap­ ture the e-pawn with the rook. since it can then be used for the protection of his threatened king's flank.

1 1 0 King's Gambit

Zukertort F****

Berlin 1 8 7 1

Notes by Zukertort 1.e4 eS 2.f4 exf4 3.lbf3 g:: 4.�c4 �g7 5.d4 d6 6.h4 1"-t 7.'ild3 c6 8.hxg5 hxgS 9.:.xr.e �xh8 1 0.e5 dxe5 1 1 .'Wh7 ·"te 12.'i!fxg8+ Wd7 13.dxe5 ·ifg; 14.e6+ wc7 15.exf7 ::_c. 1 6.lbxg5lbf6

31.'it'd1 �xe5 32.f6 g6 33.lbf3 1:td5

Better was 33 ... c2.34.'ifc l l:thS. 34.'ifc1 l:th5 35J:te1

.l .t 1 �

•

1 'if

•

1

1 1 �1 I. iV

ttJ : ��

1;l

35...'i¥f51

With this Black compels the opponent to play for the win of the queen. which involves the loss of the game; White cannot protect the f-pawn, on which bangs the last attacking chance. 36J:te5 'ifxe5 37.lbxe5 l:lxes 38.h3

White has no saving move; on 38.l:td3 follows 3 8 . . .c2 39.l:txd7 l::rce8 (39 ... l:tel+? 40.'it'xel c l ._. 4 1 . .1:ld8 + .l:lxd8 42.'ii'x c1) 40.Wgl l:t e l + 41 .'ii'xe l .l:lxel+ 42.�£'2 Ile8 43 . .1:lc7 .l:lc8. On 38.�g l . Black plays 38 ... c2 39.Wf2 It.f5+ 40 . rJ;>e J (40.�e2 �a6+ 41 K moves l:tfl) 40 .. Jixf6 followed by 4 l ... .l:ld6 or 4l ...�a6.

38...c2 39.h2 l:re1 1 40.'i!Vh6 x:!.h1 +! 41.Wxh1 c1 if+ 42.'ti'xc1 l:[xc1 + 43.Wh2 J::rc2 44.h4 .l:lxa2 45.lld3 �c6

White resigns. 198

1 6 . . .'ik'e5+ also could not have Black's game.

s.o·- : - :

17.gxf4+ c.1td7

On ! 7 . . .�b6 follows 1 8 .'iVd8+ � : · 1 9 f8'it'+ . .

X 1. 1 1 • 1 1-

'if .i. �-

�

�

.i ���

li tb

�

ttJ �

18.f8lb+! It is indeed rare that in the middleg�_.-:::-:

a third knight intervenes. 18...�e7

On 1 8 ... We8 follows 1 9.�f7+: J 8 ... �d8 1 9.lbfe6+.

: :

19.lbg6+

Black resigns. 1 1 1 Spanish Game

Anderssen Zu.kertort Berlin 1 8 7 1

Notes by Zukertort

1.e4 e5 2.lbf3 lbc6 3.�b5 ai 4.�a4 lbf6 5.d3 d6 6.�xc6-

Victory over Anderssen bxc6 7.h3 g6 8.tt:lc3 �g7 9.�e3 0-0 10.l!fd2 d5 11.�h6 'i+'d6 1 2.�xg7 wxg7 1 3.0-0-0 �e6 14..l':the1 d4

bxc6 7.h3 g6 8.tt:lc3 �g7 9.ge3 0-0 10.Vi'd2 d5 1 1 .�h6 'tWdG 12.�xg7 \Pxg7 1 3.0-0-0 ..ieG 14.J:Ihe1 d4 15.tt:le2 tt:ld7 16.c4 .Ufb8 17.Wc2 J:Ib6 18.tt:lc1 .l:£ab8 19.b3 a5 20.'f#'xa5 tt:lc5 21.'iiVd2 flaG 22.'ifg5 f6 23.Vi'g3 .l:£ba8 24.tilh2

is forced to advance, otherwise · · ::ite obtains the advantage with 1 S.d4.

: �.:k

15.tile2 tild7

:: I S gxa2 follows 1 6 .'ti'a5 and ·:�-:ite wins the far more important · ?awn. Black must move the knight, so : ::J avoid 1 6 . tilexd4exd4 1 7.e5. ...

'

.I

16.c4 .l:[fb8 17.'ti'g5 fG 18.'ik'g3 !b6 1 9..l:£d2 :ab8 20..l:£c2

.t. •• .t. 'if .i. .t. .t. � .t. �·�

1:

� �.:k threatened 20 . .'iYa3. .

X

!::,

.�. � � .�. .t. K .t. 'if.i. .t. .t. .t. � .�. � � ttJ 'i¥ � l:l � t[) � � � w n

!::,

'lfV £::,

t::, t::, tjj w tjj l:[ ,:t lilxa2+

If White takes the knight or moves the queen away, then Black mates in a few moves by 2 7 ... 'iYa3.

· ·:1ite is forced into this sacrifice, since, � J.lhb2,

!::,

24....l:£xa2+! 25.lbxa2 265�b1 tt:lxe4! 27.wxa2

27...tt:lxg3 28.fxg3 'ir'b4 29.tt:lf3 't/Va5+ 30.�b1 'ifc3 31.h8 1 8.tbg5! hxg5 19.fxg5

The terminating moves are very bea·..::_ ful. 1 9... tZ:le7 20.gxf61 21.hxg6+ g8

1 5.�h71 A good move, for if Black takes the bishop, mate follows by l 5 ... �xh7

200

� :-. ·

22J::!h8+ c;t>xh8 23.f7

Black resigns.

ti.xg€

London 1872 and Match with Steinitz I 1 4 Two Knights Defence Zukertort Gossip London tournament,

24 June

1872

.\Totes from Westminster Papers

1 .e4 e5 Vbf3 lbc6 3.�c4 li:Jf6 4.tLJg5 d5 5.exd5 lba5 6.�b5+ c6 7.dxc6 bxc6 8.�e2 -:-�.e best move in this position. If · ia4, then 8 ... h6 9 .lbf3 e4 IO.li:JeS lti :+ etc. 8 . h6 9.li:Jf3 e4 10.lbe5 'i'd4 1 1 .f4 �c5 1 2.IU1

Played under the impression that he could take the knight, after the capture of the bishop, with the queen, but that course would obviously be quite as disastrous as the loss of the rook.

. .

I

1

.,.

.t 1

.!

*

tLJ

i

11 .,. 1

'ii' 1 �

� � � �� � � li tt:J � "if � l:t 12 ...�d6 ·::essary, because White now threat­ > to play 1 3 .c3 followed by 1 4.b4. : .. 'il¥d8! 1 3 .c3 ltJdS!, intending to . -:et 14.b4 with 1 4 .. ."i'h4+ 1 5 .g3 "' :b2 And White won. 1 1 5 Spanish Game Zu.kertort Wisker London tournament 1872 Notes from Westminster Papers

1 .e4 e5 2.li:Jf3 tz:\c6 3..ib5 a6 4.�a4 li:Jf6 5.d3 d6 6.�xc6+ bxc6 7.h3 St.e7 8.li:Jc3 0-0 9.0-0 lbe8 10.d4 f6 1 1 .�e2 �e6 12.�e3 'if'b8 1 3.b3 �b4 14.1jfd2 rld8 It would have been better to have played the queen to b7 before making the move in the text. 201

johannes Zukertort 1 5.tLld5

• �

This forces the exchange of queens.

1 5...'�xd2 1 6.tLlxe7+ 17.�xd2 wxe7 1 8..ab4 �f7

b7

X

i;., � �

31 .�c1 Threatening 32.�a3.

31 ....llxf1 + 32.llxf1 tLle4 33.Wg2 h2d3

38.l:l.xg6

�d5+

Mr. Wisker plays all this part very care­ fully and well.

40.litg7+ �ea 41.c4 tLld4 42.cxd5 tLlf3+ 43.�g2 tLlxd2 44.d6 44.dxc6 would have been better, giving White an easy game to play. 44...cxd6 45.exd6 tLlxb3 46.tLlf5 Ofcourse not 46.axb3 d2.

46...d2 47.tLle3 tLld4 48.l:l.b7 l:rh6 49.d7+ �dB 50.l:tb2 202

1 1 6 Vienna Game

Zukertort MacDonnell

London tournament 1872

Notes from Westminster Papers 1.e4 e5 2.tLlc3 �c5 3.�c4 lt..te 4.f4 d6 5.tLlf3 �g4? 6.fxe5! �xf3 For if 6 . . . dxe5 7.�xf7+! �x:·8.tLlxe5 + etc.

7.'iixf3 dxe5 8.tLla4 'it'd6 After this White obtains two bishor·: for two knights, and so it was better : • retreat the bishop to e7.

London I 8 7 2 and Match with Steinitz

9.tt.Jxc5 'i#'xc5 10.d3 tt.Jc6 1 1 .c3 Wfe7 12.0·0 0·0·0 1 3.b4 b6 14.a4 aS 15.b5 tt.Jb8 16.�a3 �ea 17.'i#'g3 �g8 18J';(f5 tt.Jbd7 1 9.l:tg5 g6 20JU1

23J:txh51 gxh5 24.�e7 1;te8 25.�xf6 'i#'g4 26.1Wxg4 hxg4 27.l:tf5 tt.Jxf6 28..l:txf6 .l:td8 29..l:tc6 .l:txd3 30.'�f2 .l:td2+ 31.f�g3 Wd7 32..l:th6 .l:ta2 33.lhh7+ Wd8 34.wxg4 l:txa4 35.Wf5 l:ta2 36.g4 a4 37.g5 Lowenthal suggested 3 7 . .l:th8 + fol­ lowed by lta8, after which it would be difficult for Black to hold the game. But the text is also good.

37...a3 38.g6 llf2+ 39.we6 :ctta

I

I

20...tt.Jh5 ::. 20 ...h6 would follow 2 l .l:txf6 ·_ xf6 (2 l ... hxg5 2L1xfl) 22.l:txe5 � d7 23 .l::t e 7 winning the queen.

40.g7 Another way to win is 40 . .l:tfl ! l:te8+ (40 .. .l:txfl ? 4 l .gxfl; 40 ... l:lg8 41.g7 �e8 42Jhc7 :change. .

London tournament, 3 July 1872 Notes by Zukertort

1.e4 c5 2.tt.Jf3 tt.Jc6 3.tt.Jc3 e6 4.d4 cxd4 5.tt.Jxd4 a6 6.�e2 203

Johannes Zukertort Stronger than 6. .ae3 and 7 .i.d3; the weakness of Black's position is on the queen's side.

16.a3 'ifxc4 17..2.xc4 Black resigns.

6..:�Wc7 7.0-0 tbge7? Black overlooks the dangerous position ofhis queen.

1 1 8 Italian Game

Zukertort Steinitz Handicap tournament, London, July 1 8 - : Notes from Westminster Papers

Cjj £3:, CiJ

1.e4 e5 2.tbf3 tbc6 3.gc4 .9. C: 4.c3 tbf6 5.d4 exd4 6.cxoL �b4+ 7.�d2 �xd2+ 8.tL.bxC.: d5 9.exd5 tbxd5

£::, £::, £::, � £::, £::, £::, li � 'iY J:t � 8.tbdb5! A perfectly sound sacrifice.

8...axb5 9.tbxb5 �a5 9 ...'it'b8 was perhaps the best, but this

only prolongs the game.

10.�d2WUb6 If 1 O ... 'ifa4 White wins the queen by 1 1 .b3.

1 1 .Ae3 'ti'a5 12.tbd6+ �d8 1 3.tbxf7+ �ea 14.tbd6+ �d8

10.'�b3 A favourite move of the late Mr. Bu6:. : in this position.

1 0...ti:)a5 It is doubtful whether e7 is not a ben7: square for the knight.

1 1 .'ir'a4+ c6 12.gxd5 1 3.0-0 0-0 14JUc1

15.tbc4! Winning the queen or mating in two moves.

1 5 ...'ii'b4 Intending to win three pieces for the queen by 1 6.�b6+ We8 1 7 .tbd6+ 'iixd6 1 8.�xd6 tDdS 1 9."fig3 tbxb6. 204

'ifxd5

It is of some importance here whic�. rook is played. White now threatens to win d:: c6-pawn by b4, whereas if he ha: played the queen's rook instead, the fo: . !owing would probably have been tl:t continuation: 14.rhcl b6 1 S.b4 t:L.b1 6 ."ii'xc6 'Wxa2 and White has gaint-: nothing. 14...�b5 The best reply to save the pawn.

15.'ir'a3 b6 16.'Wc3

London 1 8 72 and Match with Steinitz :.gain threatening the pawn by 1 7 .b4

16 ...�d7 1 7.tt)e5

-:-::e play on both sides to win and save ::-.e pawn is unusually interesting and .:-.structive.

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.t. .t. � 'if ��

:

'ii' :

•• .t. .t. .t.

.i.

� lLl

lLl . _ _

��� ek resigns.

1 2 8 French Defence

Zukertort (without lDbl} Sother City of London Handicap tournament 1 874

Notes by Blackburne 1.e4 e6 2.f4

-:-�is move, although not theoretically und, leads to more complications

18.f5! Well played; in fact, throughout the play on the part of White is of the highest order.

1 8...gxf5 1 9.gxf5 .tlg8 20.cJth1 exfS 20 ...�xe5 might perhaps have been worth trying.

21 .�xf5 lt:ixfS 22.lt:ixf5 cJtc7 23.lt:id6 naf8 24.�f4 'ii'e6 25.b5 lt:id8 26.a5 �h8

He has nothing better as his only hope now is in a counter attack on the king's quarters.

27.axb6+ wxb6 28.bxa6 .taa 215

Johannes Zukertort

28 ... �c6 instead. would probably have saved the game.

29.llb1 + r:J;;c7 31.1i'a2 ttJe6 33.ifaS+ r:J;;d7

.i. ' !::, 'fk

1:t

30.ii'e2 'i!Vg4 32.�g3 hS

.I K .i.

• ' ttJ .,. � la !::, la !::, 'if !::, � !::, �

�

34.'ifa4+1 Beautifully played: Black has no re­ source, for if he play 34 ... r:J;;e 7, mate follows in three, thus: 3 S .'ii'e 8+! llxe8 3 6 .llxf7+ �d8 37.:bs mate. And if 34 ... �c6, then the following is the probable continuation: 3 s.llb7 + lbc7 36.'ifa5 �xb7 37.axb7 h4 38.e6+ 'il¥xe6 39.'ir'a4+ xe2 tt::lxd4+ � l .�fl ( 2 1 .�dl tt::lfS) 2 1 ...tt::lc 2 �2.l:tcl (22.l:la2 tt::le 3+ 23.Wgl bxc4) �L.tt::lxa3 23.cS tt::lc4 24.tt::lb 3 aS and 3lack will remain with four pawns against a piece and the better position; B) 1 7 .b4 'ir'b6 1 8.tt::l xc4 bxc4 : 9.tbg4 �e7 20.0-0 aS 2 I .bxaS 'WxaS ·.,·ith the superior game. 14...tt::la5 1 5..tf1

5teinitz: This was now the best. Had he ?layed 1 S.b4. Black could answer : S...l:lc3!.

15 ...�xf1 16.�xf1 'i!Vd7 17.�g2 Uc7 18.l::te1

3:einitz: White gives the enemy too much

::me for concentrating his forces on the :.ueen side. He ought to have opposed ::is rook at c 1 . :::lkertort: 1 8.l:lcl was not satisfactory, �ut certainly better. 1 8..JUc8 19.l:te2 'it'b5 20.b4

20.b3 appears stronger play. 3:ack's knight is only driven where he ·.·:anted to go. :::lkertort: On 2 0. b3. Black replies with �O . .. l:tc2. .::einitz:

20...tt::lb7

�

� t!:, w � K ttJ I:t ttJ A lt 'if 23.l:ta1

Steinitz: Mr. Potter seems to have run here

unawares into the overt danger. His game was here utterly lost by his ne­ glecting to stop his opponent's knight from coming in at fS. 23.g4 would have palpably served that purpose, and then his game would have been fairly defen­ sible, though Black had certainly the best of it. Zukertort: 23.g4 was here indispensable, as the entry of the adverse knight car­ ries the day at once. The move, how­ ever, but prolongs the contest, as the following continuation would win: 23.g4 l:t8c3 24.tt::lb3 l:lxe2 2S.'ii'xe2 'it'a4: A) 26.tt::la l tt::lc 4 27.lt:Jdl llxa3 28.tt::lc2 (28.'ifb2 l:la2 and 29 ... tt::ld2+) 28 ...l:la2 29.l%cl 'ifb3 etc.; B) 26.tt::lc l tt::lc4 27.tt::ld l l:lc2 and 28 ...tt::ld 2+; 245

]ohannes Zukenort

C) 26.";i'a2 tt:'lc4 2 7 .tt:'ldl l:xb3 2 8 . l:xb3 'ti'xb3 29.'ihb3 tt:'ld2+ 30.e2 tt:lxb3 3 1 .Wd3 aS 32.'it.'c3 a4. 23...tt:lf5 24.g4

Steinitz: This gives Black occasion to exe­ cute a forcible series of onslaughts, but White could hardly save the game any­ how. If he played 24.l:b 1 , the telling answer was 24 .. J:t8c3; and if he retired the knight to fl, a clear pawn was lost thus: 24.tt:'lfl lXxe2 2S.'t\he2 lXc3 26.'ifxb5 tt:lxd4+. Zukertort: Black threatened 24 ... .ixd4 2S.exd4 tt:lxd4+. Besides the move in the text, White had two other answers which may be examined: A) 24.tt:'lb3 nxe2 2 5.1Wxe2 'ifxe2+ 2 6.xe2 lXc3 2 7 .l:tcl (best) 27 .. Jhe3+ 28.�d2 hS 29.tt:'ld3 l:le4 30.tt:lf2 tt:lxd4 3 l .l:tc8+ h7 3 2 .tt:'lxe4 tt:'lxb3 + 3 3.e3 (best) 33 ... dxe4 and Black maintains bishop, knight and pawn against a rook; B) 24.tt:'lfl l:txe2 2S.�xe2 l:lc3! 2 6.'ihb5 (26.l:tdl 'ifxe2+ and . 2 7 .. .l:lxa3, or still stronger, 26 .....a4! 2 7 .g2 'ii'xa3 etc.) 2 6 ... tt:lxd4+ 2 7 .�g2 tt:'lxb5 etc.

'

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•

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� � �� �w X tt:J I'! tt:J � 'fi '

24...tt:lxe3!

Steinitz: A very fine conception. Best play matched against best could not save White's game now.

246

Zukertort: The proper rejoinder; me.: stronger than 24 ....txd4 2S.gxf5 �x= 26.'ifxal . 25.l:txe3

Zukertort: If 2S.Wxe3, Black can sim;:< proceed with 25 ...lX8c3+ 26.�.:: lhd3+ 27 .�f2 .txd4+ and 28 ...�xxf7 1 6.lhe7+ "" 1 7.nxd7 nhe8 1 8.'i;>fl dxc3 1 9.�ci: ( I 9 ... l:tad8 20.nf3+ �g6 2 I .Gc 20.l!Jc3 llad8 2 1 .tLldS+ WeS 2 2 ..i.:: ::­ We4 23 J:ld4+ etc. Should Black pia\ his 12th move J 2 .. /.t'f8, White con::_ ues with 1 3 .Axg8 b6 ( 1 3 ...l!Jf7 I +...s:-..:.�xf7 1 5 .'i¥a3+ Wg8 1 6.'�·x�. 14.Aa3+ c5 1 s.J:h:eS J:h:g8 1 6.ltxc5 .,��.1 7 .nfS+ We8 1 8.'t\fb5+ Ad7 1 9.�e!1 3..axg8 t!Jd3 14.llf1 t!Jxc1 ? Black has well conducted the game ­ to now, but he lets slip the opponurr. to obtain an attack by l 4...�c6. -:-"� move in the text is in favour of White

Simpson's Divan Tournament and World Bli ndfold Record, London 1 8 76 15.l:txe1 �ea :f now l 5 ...�c6, White rejoins with

33 ... b6 was much better. 34.l:td3

: 6.l:rdl 'ifgs 1 7.l:rxd4+ �c8 l 8 .�d5 =:ds 1 9.�e6+ �b8 20Jhd8+ 'ifxd8 � l .l0a3. 16.l2Jd2 'ii'da 1 7.�d5 e6

'

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l1

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34...l:taa?

1a.l2Je4! �e7

:::ack dare not capture the bishop. e.g. . 3 ...cxd5 1 9 .l0d6+ b7 36.l:le3 tfc8 37.l:te7+ �a8 38.llc7 'ife8 (38 ...'ii'a6 3 9.'ifxc6+ l:tb7 40Jk8+ �a7 4l.'ite8) 39.'ifd3 bs 40.axb5 l:rxbS 41 .l:Lxg7 a4 42.'iWxh7 'fle l + 43.�g2 'ii'aS 44.ft'e4 �a6 4S.l:tc7 l:tb6 46.\'ieS+ l:tb8 47.'ihc6+ 1Yxc6+ 48.l:lxc6. 35JU3 'iie1 + 37.'flfa+

36.'it>g2

1Ye4

Black resigns. 1 5 2 Italian Game

Janssens Zukertort

Simpson's Divan tournament, 27 March 1876

Notes by Steinitz

1.e4 e5 2.l0f3 l2Je6 3.�e4 �e5 4.l2Je3 t0f6 5.d3 d6 6.l0a4 In all likelihood the best continuation

of this dull sort of opening, which has been humorously styled by Anderssen the Giuoco Pianissimo. It gets rid of one of the opponent's bishops, and doubles his pawns, though the latter advantage 259

Johannes Zukertorr

is neutralised by Black opening his a-file. 6 ...�b6 7.l2jxb6 axb6 8.a3 White in his turn has now to provide against the same sort of manoeuvre on the part of the opponent, who might also threaten an exchange of the bishop for the knight by ... tLlaS; and he might have done so with even greater force if White, for instance, castled at this point, for in that case Black, by replying ...tLlaS, would have also forced the dou­ bling of the adversary's pa\l'ms without affording the latter the solace of an open file for the rook. 8...h6 Probably for the purpose of avoiding another exchange of pieces, and in order to prevenc the game drifting early into a drawn position. This move is often also made useful for the purpose of supporting an attack by ... g S after the opponent has castled. 9.0-0 �g4 1 O.c3 'iVe7 1 1 .h3 �h5

:1

:1 � � · 'i!V .t. � ��· � � � ..t .i � � � � ttJ � �� �

It

.iiL 'ii'

l:I w

12.�e3 White had already somewhat imperiled his game by advancing the h-pawn on the wing where he had hin1self sought shelter for his king, and before the op­ ponent had castled on the same side. But still, he might have staved off the as­ sault for some time if he had now ad­ vanced the pawn to g4 at once, so as to 260

delay the adversary's attack b' Black could not then afford to s.a the knight for the tvvo pawru White, in that case, could easih· ; his game, after capturing the pie�. d4, followed by .£e2. 1 2...g5 13.g4 .£g6 14.�g2? The ultimate collapse of White·s � may be traced from this move. ·• � looks much better than it is. It ' = the utmost importance for \\ position to keep Black's bishop fined; and therefore White's pav g4 and e4 were the doors vguarded against the entrance c. enemy, and wanted the firmest port. He ought to have playeo. knight to d2, followed, if Black castled on the queen's side, by f3 point of difference would haYe : that it would have enabled him : treat the bishop to b3, in ans'\c: . ­ . . . d S , without being obliged to � cure that pawn and thus to re t Black's bishop. 1 4...0-0-0 15.1'Ue2 d5 1 6.eJ:! ttJxd5 1 7.tLle1 f5 18.f3 ...; 19.1'Ud2 This looks quite as unwholesome � _ whole of White's position. He more chance of spinning out the :.: by taking the f-pawn. 1 9...f4 20.�f2 hxg4 21 .fxg4

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Simpson's Divan Tournament and World Blindfold Record, London 1 8 7 6

21 ...e41 excellent move. Black has all along :-:.1shed his advantage in a relendess ::1anner. �.n

22."ii'c2 f3+ 23.c;t>g1 � 3 .'�i'h2 was of no more use, for Black ··:ould have still captured the h-pawn ·.·:ith the rook, checking, followed by '1Wh7 +, ifWhite's king took the rook.

23...lhh3 24.dxe4 Axe4 25.�d3 'i!Vh7 · .•:bite's game is now irretrievably lost.

26..2.d4 x:th1 + 27.wf2 'ifh4

1 7...tbg6 If 1 7 ..d4, White wins a pawn by l8.�g5 tbg6 ( 1 8...tt::lc6 1 9.i.f6) 1 9.cxd4. .

18.h4 c.t>h8 1 9.h5 tt::le7 20.h6

' '

'it' �

\late.

•

•

1 53 Sicilian Defence

•

... ,. , , , ' ' �

�� � JJ..

:

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ll �

20...tt::lg6

Zukertort Janssens Simpson's Divan tournament,

27 March 1876 Notes by Zukertort

1 .e4 c5 2.ttJc3 e6 3.ttJf3 tt::lc6 4.d4 cxd4 5.tbxd4 tbxd4 :�ot a commendable continuation.

6.'ffxd4 ttJe7 7.�f4 -:-ne soundest line of play was 7 .tbbS :·_c6 8.ttJd6+ �xd6 9.'ti'xd6.

7...tt::lc6 8.'i!fd2 �b4 9.�e2 �.e2 is the right move in the usual con­ ::nuations of the Sicilian. At the present ?OSition, however, �d3 seems prefera­ �'ie.

9...0-0 10.0·0 'ii'a 5 11.a3 �xc3 1 2.bxc3 d5 13.e5 a6

:.oss of time . Black could force here the -:xchange of queens by 1 3 ... d4, but his :hances in the end-game would not be :-right, e.g. 1 3 ... d4 14.cxd4 'ilr'xd2 : S.�xd2 tt::lxd4 1 6.�d3.

14.'t!Ve3 �d7 15.fr'g3 16.�d3 l:lac8 17.�d2

account of the remaining bishops of different colours.

ttJe7

: 7 .�xh7+ �xh7 1 8.'tlr'h4+ �g8 : 9.'ii'xe7 would lead but to a draw on

Best. If 20 ... gxh6, White forces the game with 2 l. .�xh6 l:tg8 22.'ti'h4. If 20 .. J:tg8, White rejoins with 2 1 .�g5; if 20 ... g6, the continuation would be 2 l .�g5 tt::lg8 2 2.'Y!'f4.

21.hxg7+ �xg7 22.�g5 The move in the text keeps up the attack for a longer time, I think, than any other, save 22.'iVh2, which would but lead to a transposition of moves, e.g. 22.'ii'h2 hS (best. 2 2 ... %:tg8 2 3 .'ifh6+ c.t>h8 24.�g5) 23.�g5 (much inferior is 2 3 .'ii'xh5 l:th8 24.'tWgS l:tcg8) 23 ... l:tg8 24.'ii'xh5 Wf8. 22...:9a 23.�f6+ �ta 24.'i*'h3

'ifa4

Intending ...li'g4.

25.1i'h6+ c.t>e8 26.'ii'xh7 tt::le7 27.f4 Preventing the intended sally of the ad­ verse queen to g4, and bringing the rooks into cooperation.

27...�c6 28.l:tf2 d4 29.f5 �d5 This, or ... .id?, were the only saving moves. 29 ...dxc3 would be met with 30.fxe6, and 29 ... exf5 with 30.e6. 261

]ohannes Zukertort 30.fxe6 �xe6 31.l:l.af1 l:tf8 White threatened 32.�xe7 �xe7 3 3 .l:txf7+. 32.�g71 White could obtain a won endgame by 3 2.he7 �e7 3 3.�h4+ and 34.�xd4. The move in the text introduces a final combination, which forces, by a few strokes, the game in every variation. 32 ...l:tg8 33.l:txf71 �xf7 34.l:txf7

39.We7+ wts 40.�h7+ ,"'Playing hastily, White �..,.,_ 40.'il'e6 mate. 40...Wg441 .Wg5 Mate.

1 5 4 King's Gambit

Martin Zukertort Simpson's Divan tournamem l _......,

Notes by Zukertort 1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.�c� 4.Wf1 tLJcG

.i .i. • .a .. i � � � � � i .i �

ii 34...'�xa3 The only rejoinder which prevents the immediate mate, as the following varia­ tions may show: A) 3 4 . . . Wxf7 3 5 .�f6+ .l:Ig7 3 6 .'fWxg7+ We6 3 7 .'ifxe7+ Wd5 38.'Wd6+ and wins; B) 34 . . .l'hg7 3 5.'ihg7 '1Wxa3 36.e6; C) 34... f/d7 3 5 J he7+ Wxe7 (35 .. .'�xe7 3 6 .'�'xg8+ �d7 3 7 .�[5+) 3 6 .�f6+ �e6 3 7 .�f5+ �d5 3 8 .'ifxd7+ and mates in three more moves. 35.l:txe7+1 wxe736.�h6+ �e6 If 36 ... �d8, White proceeds with 3 7 ..tf5 (much stronger than capturing the rook at once) 3 7 ... 'We7 38.'�'xg8+ �cl (if 3 8 ... 'fie8, 39.'Wd5+, mating in three more moves) 3 9.'Wxc8+ �b6 40.cxd4. 37.�c4+1 wxe5 38.�xg8 'li'xc3 Black could prolong the contest by giving up the exchange. 262

��

�

�� � tU .: This defence was recommendec � Boden in 1 8 5 1 . The variations g: it in the Handbuch are not satis::2� analysed. 5.d4 If 5.tlJc3, then 5 ...�c5 6.'lWel tlJd4; 6.tlJh3 d5) 6...�xe l + li:ld4 8.�b3 (8.�d1 d6 9.d3 -:8 ... d6 9.d3 Ae6 l O.li:ld5 0-0-0 . ( l l .�xf4 c6) l l ...li:lxb3 l :: .axd5 1 3 .exd5 tLJf6 14.d4 �bb (1 5.li:lg5 h6 1 6.li:lxf7 l:tde81 7 .. J:thf8) 1 5 ... l:the8+ 1 6.�C =--= The above variation is taken :=:­ game played by me (Black) six m ago at the Witte Society in The Hag-... 5...g5 6.tLJc3 6.tlJf3 followed by 7 .d5 would � White nought, e.g. 6.li:lf3 'iYhS •

-

­

Simpson's Divan Tournament and World Blindfold Record, London I 8 76

::_eel 8.d6 (if 8.'ii'd4, then 8 ...ttJg6) � . .cxd6 9 .1Wxd6 tt:lc6 I O.'it'dS h6 . l.�eS ttJf6 I 2 . ..Wxf7+ VWxf7 : 3..�xf7+ We7 14.ttJxc6+ dxc6 . ).�b3 tt:lxe4. -:-�is occurred in one of the games ·.-:·tich I played simultaneously in No­ . =mber last, at Bristol. .

6 ...�g7 7.ttJf3 'Vfh5 8.e5

·.':hite's strongest move is 8.ttJdS, and �:·:er 8...Wd8, 9.e5. Black can, however, ::-.en maintain the gambit-pawn with a �Ee position, e.g. 8.ttJd5 Wd8 9.e5 �.c3 ttJge7) 9 .. .d6 10.h4 h6 l l .�gl � g6 I 2..�.d3 i.fs.

1 3.ixf5 . 15.b4

.ixf5

14.�d2

o-o-o

To no purpose; but is there anything for White to do? 1 5...f6! 1 6.�c3

If 16.exf6 Lf6. If then 1 7 . tt:le5, Black can proceed simply with 1 7 ...'ilt'xd I + 1 8.lhdl �xc2 19.l:cl ..tg6 .

•• '''

.

a...tt:lge7 9.ttJd5?

· ·�ry weak: White could not get any � �uivalent for the sacrificed pawn, but ·. 7 might keep up the attack for some ·.:ne by 9.ttJe4 h6 I O.'iVel (threaten­ :-.5 I l .tt:lf6+, and if I O ... ttJfS, then : .d5) 1 O .. .'�d8 1 1 .c3 l:te8 12.h4 ·_ :·s .

9...ttJxd5 1 0.�xd5 Ci.::Je7 11 ..ie4 d5 12.�d3

�.exd6 would not equalise matters, . : t it was certainly better than the ·:·. )\·e in the text. ·

K .i. '''

12...Ci.::Jf51

-

:.e

right coup: it forces the following

· · .:hange, and leaves Black with a pawn

,_·_:ad, two bishops and a splendid posi: n.

1 6...g41 17.tt:le1

If 1 7.exf6, then 1 7 ...gxf3! I 8.fxg7 fxg2+ 1 9.'>Pxg2 'ii'gS+ 20.Wf2 'i1Vh4+ 2 l .�g2 .tlhg8, forcing the game in a few moves. 1 7...fxe5 18.�d2 f3! 19.�e3

If 1 9.gxf3 gxf3 20.'i¥xf3 (20.ttJxf3 �g4 winning a piece) 20 ... Ag4 2 1 .'ii'g 3 J:!.df8+ 22.�g2 l:thg8. If 19.g3, then 19 .. . f2 ! 20.'�xf2 (best) 20 ...ge4 2 1 .Ci.::Jg2 ..,h 3. 1 9...�e4 20.'ifd2 exd4 21.i.xd4 If 2 l..�.f2. Black wins by 2 1 . . .fxg2 + 22.tt:lxg2 VWh3 23.i.g3 %Xhf8+ 24.�gl Ah6. If 2 I ..tf4, then 2 l ...fxg2+ 22.tt:lxg2 l:tdf8 235.-t>gl 'ilt'h3 24. .igs l:tfS. 21 ...fxg2+ 22.tt:lxg2 �hf8+ 23.�g1 i.xd4+ 24.'ilt'xd4 'iih3 25.'Wd2

If 25.tt:le3, Black forces the game with 25 . . .l:Lf3. 25...Axg2

White resigns. 263

Johannes Zukerton

15 5 Scotch Game

MacDonnell Zukertort Simpson's Divan tournament, I S April l876

Notes by Zukertort 1.e4 e5 2.tLlf3 tt:JcG 3.d4 exd4 4.tt:Jxd4 .ic5

The line of play commencing with 4 .. :iYh4 is perfectly sound, but too dif­ ficult to be adopted in a game played with a time limit. 5.�e3 �fG 6.c3 tt:Jge7 7.Jt..e2

White has here two other continua­ tions: 7 ..ic4 and 7 .f4. The move in the text was introduced by L.Paulsen. 7. .d5 .

The correct move, which White's c-pawn.

i

9.cxd4

9 .exdS would lose a piece by 9 1 O.dxc6 �b6 l l .cxb7 .ixb7.

9...dxe4 1 o.�xe4 0-0 1 i Ji..f5 1 2.0-0

The first eleven moves are ic_._ with the moves in the 7th matcro­ between Mr. Potter and myself 1 2.�f3 �g6 13.g3? �xe4 !. VWxe4 I S.tLlxe4 tl:lfS led to Bla... vantage. 1 2...�xe4

1 2 .. J1ad8 was better style. wanted, however, to avoid th change, �xc6, which would bishops of different colours. 1 3.tl:lxe4 �g6 14.tt:Jc5

The right way to play the knight for protection ofthe isolated d-pa·1 4...b6 1 5.tt:Jb3 .l:tad8 1 G.:c..

8.JI..f3

The orthodox reply, but, if properly met, leaving Black with a slight advan­ tage. White may play here 8.tLlb5, which leads to some interesting varia­ tions, e.g. 8.tLlb5 Le3 9.fxe3 �h4+ l O.Wfl (best. If 1 0.g3 'iWxe4; if ! O.Wd2 0-0 I ! .tLlxc7 dxe4) 1 0 ... 0-0 l l .tLlxc7 dxe4' and White dare not take the rook on account of 1 2.tLlxa8 tLlfS 13.�gl tt:Jxe3 1 4.VWcl (if 14.VWd2 ltd8!) 14 ... tt:Jxg2! l S.VWfl (if 1 5.Wxg2, Black forces the mate by 1 5 ...Ji..h3+ 16.Wgl e3) 1 5 ...�h3 and Black has an overwhelming attack. 8...�xd4

264

1 6...f5

1 6... l:!d7 was the soundest con. ... tion. The course chosen by Black ; up a pawn, but gives him a great st:...., ority ofposition. 17.�f4 tt:Jd5 18.�f3 1 9..ixc7 .Ud7 20JUd1 hG 20 .. .l::Le4 fust was better, I think. 21.h3

...,_

If 2 l .'iWg3, Black would continue 2 l ...'�Ve6, and after 22.�f4, with 22

�

Simpson's Divan Tournament and World Blindfold Record, London 1 8 7 6 21 .J�e4 22.�g3? - :e underrates the power of Black's .non. He should try to force the ex­ �:ge of a piece at the cost of a pawn "'taring 22.�e5, or 22.�g3 �e6 eS. 2 2 .l:tde7 23.�d3 f4 24.�c4 des the move in the text, White _d proceed here with 24.f3 (if -- �h4. then 2 4 . . . l:l.e l + 2 5 .�h2 d3 26.l:l.xd3 l:l.xcl 27 .�xe7 l:l.c2 - -�d6 (28.�a3 bS) 28 . . . l:l.xb2 - !d2 l:l.xd2 30.ti)xd2 tt.:lxd4) -- .:tel+ 25 .�xel l:l.xel + 26.l:l.xe1 ,d3 27 .f!xc6 tt.:le3, and although .:.He has two rooks and a pawn for the een, Black should win by the superi-�\ ofhis position. .

..

24...ti.Jb4125.a3 :o not think that White has any move equalise the game, as the following minuations may show: -.) 2 5 .�h4 l:l.c7 26.�fl l'Z.xcl _ - 8xc 1 'fihS 28.f3 tt.:le3 29.'fie2 :9.�e1 ti.Jbc2) 29 .. J�e8 winning the (change; 3) 25 .f3 l:le2 3 1 ) 2 6 .�f2 b S ! 2 7 .'tWxb5 (if -.�c8+ l:le8 28.'Wig4 'ifxg4 29.hxg4 :xb2 and Black will have two passed awns and much the superior posi::m) 2 7 ...ti.Je3 28.g4 tt.:lxdl 29.f!xdl xa2; _

Rev. G.A. MacDonnell

B2) 26.l:tel bS!. This fine rejoinder is necessary to dislodge the queen. which would otherwise. later on. draw the game by perpetual check. B 2 1 ) 2 7 .'i¥xb5 f!xg2+! 28.�xg2 'i{¥xg3+ 29.Wfl �xf3 + 30.�gl ti.Jd3 3 1 .l:l.fl (White has no better resource) 3 1 . . . \i'g3 + 3 2 . � h 1 ti.Je3 33.�c6 �xh3+ 34.'�gl l:le6!; B 2 2 ) 27 .�c8+ �h7 28.Jlxe2 (28.�f2 l'hf2 ! 29.�xf2 ti.Jd3+ 30.�fl lLlxel 3 l .l:lxel ti.Je3+) 28 ... lhe2 29.�£'2 l:hf2! 3 0.�xf2 �g3+ 3 I .�g1 tLle3 , forcing the game. 25 ...fxg3

l

I l

I

� l �l

� �'IW LS :i LS Ci:J l LS LS LS LS l;[ Ja

� 265

]ohannes Zukertorr

26.f3

If 26.axb4, Black forces the game by 26 ...gxf2+: A) 27.Whl .l:.el +; B) 27.Wh2 'i!Vd6+ 28.g3 .l:.e 1 ; C) 27.�xf2 .l:.e 2+ 28.1¥xe2 l:.txe2+ 29.Wxe2 'ti'xg2+ etc; D) 27.�fl l:.tel + 28 . .l:.xel fxel�+ 29.1:xe1 �fS+ and mates in a few more moves.

in the text is difficult to deCJac any rate it appears, during the of the game, that White obta..=; advantage from having the available for the attack. _

•

8... 0-0 9.0-0 tte8 10.e5

� i

26 ...U4e6 27.axb4 li:ie3 28.'®'c3 li:ixd1 29J::txd1 l:rc6

.t 't!V .i � i .t i .l & i � i t!:,

Much better than the showy coup 29 .. .'iWc2, which would be met by 30.l:rfJ 1. 30.�d2

If 30.lbc5, Black wins by 30 ... bxc5 3 1 .bxc5 (3 1 .d5 �d6!) 3 1 ...1:lce6 32.d5 '\Wc2! 33.llfl :e2 34.'iVxc2 l:.txc2 3 5.d6 1:ee2 36.Ildl 1:xg2+ 37.�hl I:tgd2. 30...l:rc2 31 .'iYf4 I1ee2 32.d5 l:txg2+ 33.�h1 l:l.h2+ 34.�g1 l:tcg2+ 35.Wf1 �c2

White resigns. 1 5 6 Scotch Game Blackburne Zukertort Simpson's Divan tournament, April 1 8 7 6

Notes by Steinitz

1.e4 e5 2.lbf3 lbc6 3.d4 exd4 4.lbxd4 li:if6 5.lbxc6 bxc6 6 ...td3 d5 7.'iYe2 �e 7 8.lbc3

Up to this move the play on both sides followed the track of the consultation game between Messrs Blackburne and Zukertort on one side, and Messrs Pot­ ter and Steinitz on the other (Game 1 4 1 ) , but at this juncture White played in that game 8.�f4, and afterwards brought our the knight to d2. Whether the knight is better posted by the move 266

1 0...�g4

For the purpose of shutting the out from immediate action on L� side, but, since Black's queen's can now be placed in jeopardy. .::. sequence of White's f-pawn bei.::� at once to advance, this manr.c though pretty, hardly seems ad,­ Obviously it would be of no lli� White to attack the bishop by ;� Black would retire the bishop :_ and still the knight would be sa:"':: account of Black's threatening tO the queen by ...�cS+, ifWhite tel.!..;: knight with the pawn. Mr Blackb� answer is given with a deep insigh: the game, and is the correct though it temporarily shuts ou: queen's bishop. _

1 1 .'ii'd2 li:id7 1 2.f4 lbc5 1�-� lbxd3 14.cxd3 g6

Black's last three moves were fo:.... and now he is also reduced to wea.c:. ing his king's side. as White threate.::.. win a piece by h3 followed by g4.

1 5.f6 �fa 1 G.�gs ¥Wd7 H�-­ ..tts 18.d4 c5 1 9.1:h4

S i mpson 's Divan Tournament and World Blindfold Record, London 1 8 7 6

1 9...$..d 3! -:lis clever move blunts the effect of a 1arp thrust which White had pre­ . -.ared; for Mr. Blackburne threatened ere a fine sacrifice of the rook by cap­ .:ring the h-pawn with the rook, e.g. .:pposing Black had played 1 9 ...cxd4 -sread, then the game might have gone n thus: 20.:Ixh7! (threatening � l.�h4 winning) 20 ...�xh7 (best) - ; .�h4+ �g8 22.$..h6, followed by xf8 and eventually 'ii'h 6, and winning :1sily. -Jt all this fme combination is now affled, for if White in the present situ­ _·Jon take the h-pawn, Black would re­ ......,. . .'iVfS, threatening mate at fl , and �erefore forcing the exchange of 1eens, after which White's advanced -awns must fall one by one. 20.�g3 cxd4 21 Jbd4 :.. ; .�xd3 was more to the purpose, un­ ::ss White intended to pursue the -Jurse indicated in our next note, and ould have tended to make White's po­ .tion impregnable, e.g. 2 l .'i¥xd3 dxc3 :.!.'iWxc3 �f5 23 ..if4 and Black dare ')t advance 23 ... g5, on account of the . ply 24.'t'kg3. 21 ...$..c4 22.�h4 -'le bold plan was here the only safe :1e. He ought to have attacked the .shop by 2 2. b3, which would have left =.ack hardly any other option than to ·

play for vvinning the exchange by 2 2 ...$..c s, which, though leading to many beautiful complications, left the issue in White's favour hardly doubtful. Out of the mass ofsome of the fme and plausible variations to which this line of play might have given rise, we may just give the following. Supposing: 22.b3 �cS 23.�e3 .ixd4 24.$..xd4 �a6 2 5 .'i\Yh4 c.t>h8 26.nel 'Wfs 27.�h6 l:tg8 28.e6 �ae8 29.h3 cS 30.exf7 lhel + 3 I .�h2 and wins ei­ ther by 'iWg7+ or fxg8't!V+ or f8't!i. 22...'�f5 This turns the aspect of the game com­ pletely, and the position is drifting back to Black's advantage. 23.�f4 d4 24.l!:la4 Had the knight retreated to d I , Black might have taken the e-pawn. 24...�b5 25.b3 .txa4 26.bxa4 l:tab8 21.ne1 I'tb1 28.�c1 �b4 29.nt1 In answer to 29.tt.d l , 29 ... �d2! would have easily won.

K

�

� � LS � LS 'i+' � � i. � fU LS LS � �� �w

�

�

29...'ifxf1 +!

A splendid conception, which immedi­ ately forces the game. 30.c.t>xf1 nxc1 + 31 :J.?e2 l:be5+! Finest style, though only a consistent consequence of the sacrifice of the queen. 32.'ti'xe5 267

]ohannes Zukertort

32.Wd3 was of no more use, for Black would have then won just as easily by 3 2 ... l%c3+. l1xe5 32 ...l%e1 + 33.Wd3 34.ltxd4 �d6 The game was spun out to the 5 1st move, but, of course, could not present any more great features of interest, on account of Black's overwhelming supe­ riority of forces. Black won.

1 5 7 Old Indian Defence Zukertort Potter Simpson's Divan tournament, April 1 8 7 6

Notes by Steinitz

1 .e3 e5

would have done if he had ans" . e6 on the first move. 3.Cilc3 Cilf6 4.d4 $t..e7 We should have preferred . . tZ:c6 card is now shown respecting the P·­ ment of the king's bishop, while :: might have kept in reserve to play and to bring the bishop out the way. 5.tt::lf3 tt::lc6 6.�e2 0-0 7.0-0 8.d5 Doubtful. It was of little import to c...� the other knight back at once, wh..:: might have been more useful to � the threat hanging over, and to prep::.._ arranging a row of formidable p�: on the queen's side, commencing ·• a3. followed by b4. 8...Cilb8 9.Cild2 tt::le8 1 O.f4 .

.

.

-

· � � � .� � i i i .S. .i. i i i i �i � t2J

We unhesitatingly disapprove of meet­ ing a close opening in this manner. Though Morphy, and also the council of the Viennese in their match against London, have made the attempt, the progress of the examples on record does not justify the imitation. 2.c4d6 Already the king's bishop is shut out from the line where he is usually wanted, and apparently there is no better way of continuing the second player's game, which is a clear proof that the latter is labouring under greater difficulties of development than he 268

!:::,

!:::,

!:::, !:::, ttJ � !:::, !:::, � � if � � 1 0...exf4 By this and the following move :_.. door is opened to the enemy. The pa>� at eS ought to have been well presen·c::-:. and Black would have done much ber.::. now further to protect it by .. .f6. At a= rate, the exchange of pawns libera•� the square at White's d4 for further e2 'fie!+ 4S.�f3 iff2 mate.

8...tt:lxe5

Palpably inferior to 8 ... tt:lxe4. The :1. leads generally to White's sacrifi� the two minor pieces for the rook .,__ f-pawn, with a vehement attack, ,,-h. however, does not concede such im.:::::.�t diate tangible advantages as the one open by the line ofplay adopted here 9.dxe5 tt:lxe4 1 o.�d5 1 1 .tt:lxc3 tt:lxc3 12.'i¥f3!

1 5 8 Evans Gambit Zukertort Dupre I 2 board bllndfold exhibition, Rotterdam 1876

Notes by Steinitz

The following remarkably interesting game was played during Herr Zukertort's sojourn in Holland last Mid270

..tx:.:

Herr Zukertort considers this moYe .perior to either 'tt:Vd4 or 'itd3 propo>--:­ by different authorities for this si..-:__ tion. At any rate, it is clear that W=­ gains as much in time by hunting abc Black's knight in the open as the ;­ pawns which the opponent has ta£ are worth. We believe that Black's be. chance consists now in advancing :..

Simpson's Divan Tournament and World Blindfold Record, London 1 8 7 6 pawn to dS at once, and before retreat­ ing the knight to a4. 1 2...lt)a4 1 3.'iVg3

••

���

14.�g5 lt:Jxc4

Black had nothing better now, and hence he fights with two minor pieces for the queen, having, however, the enormous odds in his favour by the ad­ versary being handicapped to split the power of his memory amongst twelve games at the same time. 1 5..ixd8 l:lxd8

K .t. l. ���� 1 3...lt:Jb6 .�gain, ...dS was the only move. White in :..1at case would have replied �gS just the �e. and, upon Black's moving the �ueen to d7, would have captured the :-pawn with the bishop, threatening to ·.\in by �f6, followed by 'ii'gs if Black :ook the king's bishop. But then Black had �st an escape by offering the exchange of �ueens at g4, and, though his position re­ :-:lained inferior, he had at least even :·:xces. �h8 would not have mended :: 1atters, as the following line, communi­ �ated to us by Zukertort, shows: : 3 . . .�h8 1 4 .�g s 'ii'e8 (best; for, if the ;awn interpose, White wins the ex­ :�ange, after tak ing 1 S.exf6, and main­ :�ins a terrible attack by seizing the �-file with the rook) J S .l:h e l lt:Jb6 : 6 ..2.f6 l:lg 8 (again best, for if : 6 . . . gxf6, White, by simply retaking : I .exf6,

forces Black to play the rook to

� 8, and then after taking the queen ·.·:ith the rook, wins easily by posting :�e other rook at e l ) 1 7.�d3 (threaten­ :�g 1 8.'ii'h4 etc.) 1 7 . . . gxf6 (best) : 8.exf6 'iff8 (best; for if 1 8 ... lhg3 in­ ;:ead, White takes the queen, checking, :..."1d then doubles the rooks) 1 9.'ii'h4 :.g6 20 ..2.xg6 fxg6 2 1 .'ili'h6 and wins.

•

���

1 6.e61 An excellent move, which enables the blindfold player to break into the hos­ tile game with irresistible force. It will be easily seen that if Black take the pawn with either pawn, White wins a piece by 'ifxc7, e.g. l 6 ...dxe6 1 7.'ifxc7

l:ld4 l 8.%tadl tt::ld2 1 9.'ii'c3 etc. 1 6...tt::ld 6 17.exf7+ �xf7 18Jiac1 Another important and well-devised step towards victory. All Black's pieces are driven into the rear by manoeuvres executed with acute judgement on the part of the blindfold player. 1 8...tt::le8 19Jlfe1 d6 20.'ii'f4+ The immediate sequel shows the accu­ rate reckoning of which this move is the product, for Black's next two moves

are forced, since he is bound to keep off

the hostile rook from occupying e7 as long as possible. 20...tt::lf6 2Ubc7+ l:ld7 22.'ii'xd6 �98 23Jbd7 �xd7 24.f4 ..ic6 25Jle7 Jlf8 26.h3 tt::le8 27.'ife6+ 271

]ohannes Zukertort

�ha 2a.g4 30..ttt7 :da

ttJts

29.g5

ttJhs

4...�h4+ 5.g3 fxg3 6.0·0 gxh27.�h1 ltJh6

7 ...d5, and on 8.�xdS, ltJf6, is cor:i�: ered a satisfactory defence irrespec:: : ofthe odds. a.d4 d5 9.�xd5 0·0 10.� gxh6 1 1 .ltJe5 c6 1 2.ltJxf7 :x11 13.�xf7+ �ha 14...tb3 'Cei 15.'iYh5ltJa6

.I j_ 11 .. '

31.'ii'd61

All this is very neat, and would not dis­ credit a single encounter with open eyes over the board.

� l::, fj fj

31 ...l:tga 32.f5 �f3 33.�f2 �c6 a6 34.l:Ua �d5 35.'Wda 36.l:txga+ .2.xga 37.�f3

White's aim is clearly set out in some of the preceding moves. He intends to play the king to g4, which either gains the knight or forces Black's ... g6. after which the advance of White's f-pawn wins with consummate ease. Black resigns. 1 5 9 King's Gambit

Zu.kertort (without lbbl) Ehrlich West End Chess Club 1 8 7 6

Notes by Ranken

1 .e4 e5 2.�c4 �e7

Black chose this defence, having been embarrassed in previous games by the attacks springing from 3.ltJf3 and 4.'it'e2. 3.f4 exf4 4.ltJf3

The position is now that of the Cunningham Gambit. In answer to the check, White will of course select the more adventurous course of giving up the three pawns for the attack. 272

* ' 1 'if .!

.. fj /j,

�

1:t

'

w

16.'Wxh41

Pretty. Mate follows the capture of C:.� queen in seven moves at most; Bla..:1 could only have delayed it two me: moves by interposing the queen ar.. : the bishop. ,

1 6...'iWxh4 1 7.l:tfa+ �g7 1 a.:ga+ �f6 1 9.llf1 + e8 is now too late, for White would reply 25.e6, which palpably can­ not be taken by the queen, and tl1e11 the latter would be shut out and tl1e retreat of the king practically cut off. 25.g4 :ea 26J:Lg3 fxg4 27.l:txg4 'ii'e6

276

28.f5! To weigh fairly the merits of this be.i:: tiful move and the play preceding ,t comes almost impossible, when tht' is taken into consideration that game is only one out of fourteen '� ­ Mr. Zukertort conducted on this L._­ sion, as only two games had been ished before the adjournment of first day. 28...'ifxf5 Mr. Zukertort announced that if &.;:. had taken the e-pawn he would .:.... forced the game by the reply 29 Jle . 29.�xh6+ and mates in two moves.

Match with Blackburne and Tournaments at Leipzig and Cologne 1877 1 63 Vienna Gambit Zukertort Minchin

A) 1 6 ....ifs 1 7.�lxf5 lDxfS 18Jhf5

:rs ( 1 8.Ai>xf5 ! 9.'ii'd3 mate) 19.:xf8

St. George's Chess Club. I 8 7 7

Notes by Zukertort

1.e4 e5 2.lDc3 lDc6 3.f4 exf4 4.lDf3 g5 5.h4 . ·.\ hire's opening should prove un­ i·)und. He continues with a move ·.·:hich has the merit of novelly. 5...g4 6.tt:lg5 h6 7.tt:lxf7 �xf7 8.d4 ::· 8.i.c4+, Black answers 8 ...d5, and if :ien 9 .exdS, Black proceeds with :... .�es 1 o.�b3 .id6. 8...d6 3 . .f3 seems to constitute Black's best :.efence. 9..ixf4 lLJf6 1 0..tc4+ r mencement of a very ingenious comt: · nation which threatens in the first i.::.· stance to draw, and then to carry the df8 -76.c5 l:tal+ 47.�h2 l:ta6 48.h4 h6 -79 . e6.

41.1i'b3 3lack resigns. :f 4 l . .. 'ife3+, then of course, 42 .'fi'xe3 �nd 43.l:tb8. If 4 l ... l:tal , White contin­ ·.les best with 42.l:txal tbxal 43.1i'c3 ::.b3 (best) 44.'ifxb3 'ifcl + 4S.'it>f2 itfd2+ 46.Wf3 'ifxd4 47.tbd3.

1 6 6 King's Gambit

Zukertort Wayte St. George's Chess Club, April 1 877

Notes by Steinitz 1 .e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.�c4 tbf6 This defence has been commonly as­ ;:ribed to the initiative of Mr. Morphy, but we are informed that the move is al­ :eady given in the original edition of Ruy Lopez.

4.tbc3 tbc6 5.tbf3 .tb4 6.0·0 d6

7.d3 Mr. Zukertort considers this much su­ perior to the usual advance of d4, but we believe that the manner in which the defence is here conducted would, if improved upon, as suggested in our note to 8 ...�g4, suffice to give the sec­ ond player a satisfactory game. The pre­ vious moves on both sides did not re­ quire further comment, for they follow the usual order of development. White refrains from advancing the pawn to eS, on account of the well-known answer ... ds.

7...tbe5

A good move if well pursued, and un­

doubtedly superior to either 7 . . .ltJhS at once, or after taking the knight; for in the former case White might reply ltJdS, and in the latter case the game might proceed thus: 7 ...�xc3 8.bxc3 lt:lhS 9.lbd4 'ifh4 1 O.g3 tbxg3 (if I O .. .fxg3 instead, White takes the f-pawn, checking, followed by 1 2 .Wxh5) J l .l:rxf4 'ir'gs 1 2. .�xf7 + �d8 1 3 .h2 �d7

It will be observed at a later stage that the retreat of the bishop to this square is well conceived to prevent the adverse knight from coming in at bS.

34.lt:Ja3 a4 35.lt:Jc4 axb3 36.lt:Jd6 'it'b8 37.lt:Je4

Obviously he could not take the rook, on account of the reply 3 7 . . e4+ fol­ lowed by 3 8 ... e3, and then accordingly by 39 ....Uc2 or 39 ... exf2, winning a .

piece in either case.

37.. J:lc2 38.'it'e1 11xf2+ 3 8 . . .lha2 was manifestly more expedi­ tious, and would have left Black with three pawns ahead and an easily won game.

39.'tWxf2 .2.c6 40.llb1 41."ti'xa2 'Wd8 42.llg1 43.fxe4 'ir'a8 44.'iYb3

bxa2 �xe4

White plays this part in a more feeble manner than s i excusable by the bad po­ sition and his difficulty to fmd an abso­ lute good plan to save the game. Unques­ tionably he could more prolong the de­ fence by 44.�e2, followed by 4S.lt:Jf3.

44 .J:tb8 45.�d1 'tWa2+ 46.l:tg2 li'b1 47.�f3 'ir'c1 48.l:tf2 .

The counter attack is a desperate re­ source, but he had hardly anything

297

Johannes Zukertort

satisfactory. Had he played the rook to g3, Black would have checked with the rook at b2, followed, on the knight interposing, by ...�f8 etc. 48...'ii'xg5 49.'tlixf7+ Wh7 50.lt:Jf3 �f4+ 51 .'\Wxf4 exf4 52.lt:Jg5+ '1iig8 53.Wh3 l:b5 54.lDe6 g5 55.b1

't!¥

i

i

� .t

Black throws away an important pawn, overlooking that White's reply on the 8th move will prevent him from taking the f-pawn with the knight, White's queen's bishop protecting the same, while Black's e-pawn remains pinned.

�

21 .r!xe5+ -\ fine termination, and all the more re­ markable, as it forms only one item in the splendid feat of conducting ten games simultaneously without sight of board or men.

21 ...dxe5 22.$.c5+ �d8 23.l:txf8 Ylate.

1 82 Bishop's Opening Zukertort (without tbb 1 ) Str. Simpson's Divan I 878

Notes by Steini tz

1 .e4 e5 2.�c4 tt:\f6 3.�e2 favourite move of Herr Zukertort when giving the odds of the queen's knight. Very few odds receivers know how to meet it properly. -\

3...tt:\c6 4.c3 �c5 5.f4 �xg1 6J!xg1 d5

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In true odds giving style, White affords the opponent's obvious scheme some assistance, holding the proof of its fal­ lacy in reserve. He had well calculated that the result of Black's advancing the b-pawn , which was clearly the latter's object, would ultimately be the loss of another pawn.

1 5... b4 16.'i'e4 f5 17.exf6 18.�e6+ Wh8 19.cxb4 20.'�e2 tt:\ed5 21.g5 22.'ti'h5 g6 23.�xg6 24.�c2 tt:\xf4

tt:\xf6 �ea tt:\d7 Wie7

He may well be excused for not seeing through the adversary's magnificent design. more especially as he had a lost game otherwise. Apparently this was the best way to stop the fatal ad­ vance of g6, or else fS. Had he moved the knight from d7 to b6, the game might have proceeded thus: 24. . . tt:\7b6 2S.g6 .l:lg8 (25 ... tt:\f6 305

Johannes Zukertort would be answered by 26.�c3) 26.l:l.de I and wins, for if the bishop interpose, 27.'f6e5+ gains a piece; if the queen move to g7, White would answer 27.gxh7, attacking the rook; and if the queen move anywhere else on the second row, keeping the imme­ diate mate protected, White may an­ swer 2 7 . g 7 + , followed by 28.l:le8+, mating in a few moves. 25.�c3+Wg8

1 8 3 Evans Gambit

Zukertort (without tt:'lbl) Strauss

' Simpson s Divan 1878

Notes by Zukertort 1.e4 e5 2.lt:Jf3 lt:Jc6 3.�c4 .:.c:: 4.b4 �xb4 5.c3 i.a5 6.0·0 d6 6 ... lt:Jf6 is the strongest move. E�;_, may also adopt the normal deft::::-­ proceeding with 6...�b6. 7.d4 exd4 8.'ii'b3 This constitutes Waller's attack. \ : withstanding the adverse opinion c:· :..:·­ leading chess writers of the past, w-:: : not only consider it sound, but ea::. recommend any of the known deft::-.::­ as perfectly satisfactory. 8...'iff6 9.e5 dxe5 1 0..:le1

I

26.g61

A masterly coup, which forces the

game. 26...lt:Jxh5 27.gxh7+ �f7 28.�g6+ �e6 29.l:tge1 + lt:Je5 30.�xe5 Beautifully worked out in detail. The mate is now absolutely inevitable, though Black is a clear queen ahead. 30...\\Yh4 30 ...�f6 was of no more use, e.g. 3 l... � c3+ 'iYeS 32Jhe5+ �f6 33.l:l.d6+ � interposes (best) 34. .l:tdxe6+ W moves 3S.lhh5+ l:l. in­ terposes 36.l:l.xf6 and mates in a few more moves. 31.l:td6+ and mates in three more moves. White's next move is 32.�g3+, and Black has nothing left but to interpose the queen at e4 and then the bishop at e6. 306

10...�xc3 The Handbuch gives here as b�; · 1 O ...lt:Jh6 l l.�gS 'iYfS with the rerr.�. that the game is in Black's favour. �.:.: Steinitz, however, in his review Wormald's Chess Openings in the Cif:. . London Chess Magazine, states that WL·.: obtains now a fine attack with 1 2 .�:.: Considering the odds given, Bl:.:.s could safely proceed with 1 O... .i : ­ White was not in the position to cho:"'-: the continuation which would give h.:. -: the superiority, in an even game, : : I I ...tgs 'ir'fs 1 2 .'iixb7 l:l.c8 13.�.: : l:tb8 1 4.l:l.xe5+ �xeS 1 S.�xfl + '1t:·:

Paris 1 8 7 8 1 6.'ihb8+

tt:lxb8 1 7 .tLlxeS 1 8.�b3 tt:le7 1 9.tLlc4 etc.

dxc3

1 1 .ig5 'ifg6 •

If I J .. .'ilffs . then 1 3.'il'bS+ etc.

I V�JxeS

tLlxeS

1 2.ttJxe5 tt:lxe5 1 3.l:txe5+ 'iiPf8

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8.cxd4 �b4+ 9.tLlc3 d5 Black provokes the advance pawns. Castling was preferable.

If Black does not exchange, but pro­ vides a retreat square for the bishop by 1 2 .. .tt:lg6, then White obtains a strong attack by 1 3.WhS.

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14..ixf71

13.bxc3 l:l.c8 14.�d2

This sacrifice decided the game at once. If 1 4.'ii'a 3+, then, ofcourse, 1 4... 'ii'd6. 14...'it'xf7

\1ate being threatened and the queen attacked, Black must either capture the oishop or reply 14....ie6. White would :hen win with 1 5 .he6 (but not 1 5Jhe6 'ii'x gS!) l S ... cS (if J S ....ixa l !hen 1 6.'ili'b4+; l S . . .bS, then 1 6.'iVdS; I S .. l:te8, then 1 6.'ilt'a3+ tLle7 1 7 .l:l.dl and 1 8 .l:tf5 +) 16.'i!fdS (he may capture :he knight, as Black could not venture :o retake either rook or bishop) 1 6 . l:te8 1 7.'ii'xc5+ lbe7 1 8.�d7 .ba 1 1 9.l:l.xe7 etc. ,

.

..

15.'ii'a3+ tt:le7 1 6.l:l.xe7 .ixa1 17.l:l.d7+

Black resigns. 1 8 4 Owen's Defence

Zukertort Bird

Paris tournament, 24 June

Notes by Schallopp

of the

10.e5 tt:ld7 1 1 .f4 tt:le7 12.0-0 �xc3

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4...ttJf6 5.f3 c5 6.c3 ttJc6 7.Ae3 cxd4

Black should keep this exchange in re­ serve and for the present play the bishop to e7.

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With due respect for the following han­ dling of the fiancheno, recommended by Steinitz, we still prefer 4.tLle2 here.

1878

1 .e4 e6 2.d4 b6 3.i.d3 i.b 7 4.tt:lh3

We would prefer to play the bishop to f2; therefore first 14.l:l.cl orit'e l . 1 4...g6 1 5.l:l.c1 l:l.c7 1 6.1i'e2 'ifc8 17.l:l.f2 tLlb8 1 8.lWg4 �a6 1 9.i.c2 tt:lbc6 20,'jfg5

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20...tt:lxd4? On 2 0... 0-0 would follow 2 ! .'it'f6 tt:lf5! 2 2 .g4 tt:lg 7 2 3 .f5 tt:le8 24.'ii'h4 with a good attack. 20... tt:lg8 seems better. The move in the text is based on the error that, after 2 l .cxd4 l:l.xc2 2 2.l:lxc2 �xc2 , only 23.�b4 is threatened, which fails to 23 . .. 'ifbl +, whereas 2 3 .'ilxe7+ secures an extra piece.

21.cxd4 0-0 22.�b4 tt:lf5

307

]ohannes Zukertort

The game is lost. On 22 .. JXe8 follows 23.�d6 I'Xb7 /d7 24.f5 threatening 2S ..ia4. 23.�xf8 'it'xf8 If23 ...ti"Jxd4, then 24.gh6. 24.:Id2 h6 25.�16 \1Ya3 26.�d8+ Wh7 27.fl/xc7 Wxc1+ 28J::t d1 �e3+ 29.ti"Jf2 ti"Jxd4 30.'�xf7+ Black resigns. 3 l .�xg6 follows and Black cannot avoid mate.

a. .t!Je7 9.ti"Jbd2 ti"Jg6 1 o.o-o 1 1 .�e3 c6 1 2.d4 .

.

1 2 ...d5 1 85 Italian Game

Potter: No one knows better how re

Bird

Zukertort Paris tournament,

25 ]w1e

1878

Notes by Potter and Schallopp

1.e4 e5 2.lt]f3 ti"Jc6 3.�c4 ,j.c5 4.c3 ti"Jf6 5.b4 Potter: This is one of the novelties intro­ duced in Mr. Bird's new work, The Chess Openings. He states therein that he fre­ quently adopted the same in 1 87 3 and 1 8 7 4 against Messrs. Boden and MacDonnell, but he admits tl1at those gentlemen, with other fine players. pre­ fer the second player's position. Mr. Bird himself, however, considers that the variation affords a good game, and an enduring, though not very powerful at­ tack. It certainly tends to make an oth­ erwise dull opening interesting, and I should say must be at least as good for the first player as the other forms of the Giuoco. 5...gb6 6.'�Vb3 0-0 7.d3 d6 a.ggs Potter: Mr. Bird diverges here from his book. He therein gives 8.a4, a continua­ tion which I should imagine ought to be pretty fair; and as to the end game, why that has been already compro­ mised. 308

integrate an opponent's game · Zukertort. In operating against ::-­ tions I doubt he has any equal. Schallopp: With this Black takes over llk tack, no matter how White replies. 1 3.gd3 dxe4 14.�xe4 If the knight takes, Black continue:\ actly the same as in the text. 14...t!Jxe4 1 5.ti"Jxe4 �e6 16.�;;.:..: f5 17.ti"Jc5 �xc5 18.bxc5 f4 Potter: 1 8 . . .e4 seems to me safer, a_� tl1ink it promises a sufficiently g attack. 1 9.�c1 �d5 Schallopp: Zukertort plays for the piec:: tack. Also the pawn artack ... e4 no• on the previous move was very muc­ be recommended. 20.�c2 Potter: Mr. Bird had here really no a. native but tO take the pawn vvith knight, and fight it out on that ine l he had done so I do not exactly se-:: foregone conclusion of defeat, tho_ Black, of course, always has much inferior game. Schallopp: On 20.ltJxe5 ti"JxeS 2 1 .6� Black continues vvith 2 1 ...�h4 2� l'XfS , though then the game rru� remain equal.

Paris 1 8 7 8

20....txf3 21 .Wfxg6

This is insufficient, as the se­ �uel shows. With 2 l .gxf3 l2Jh4 � :?..Wh 1 , followed by 23 .'ii'e4, his �ame is still quite defensible.

)g1 �d4+ 58.�h1 ..-xd1 + 59.f2 llf5+ 49.'it>g2 llxa5 Wlute resigns.

e.g.

34. t!e J �f4 . 32...�xe4 33.\Wxe4 �b7?

�d2 %:te7

desirabl e

-\lltopp: 3 3 . . . d3 and, if 34Jhg4, - ..:td4 seems best to us. White could .,. obtain a good game with an ex­

1 9 3 Sicilian Defence Zukertort Anderssen Paris tournament, 1 9 July 1878

Notes by Potter and Schallopp

1.e4 cS 2.lLlc3 e6 3.ltJf3 ltJcG 4.d4 cxd4 5.ltJxd4 aG 6.�e2

mge sacrifice on g4.

34.f6 er: 34.llxg4 would of course lose the

Schallopp: A novelty suggested by J.Berger

and

of Graz, the value of which is ro try to keep open the d-file.

.nange, but is Ius best resource,

· a bad one either. 34...ltJe3 35.l;td2 �xe4 36.llxe4

6 ...ltJf6 7.ltJxc6 319

Johannes Zukertort Schallopp: This otherwise not advisable

exchange, followed by the advance of the e-pawn, now after 6 . .te2 instead of .te3 followed by .td3 is quite playable. 7...bxc6 8.e5

Potter: lbxc6 and eS are of course far from new, but in conjunction with �e2 would seem to constitute a diversion from the ordinary lines ofplay. 8...lbd5 9.lLJe4 f5

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1 0.�h5+!? Schallopp: This pretty combination must,

on correct coumerplay, turn out to be mistaken. Simpler and better was l O.lt:Jd6+ �xd6 l l .exd6 and the

c-pawn soon advances to prc,:-­ d6-pawn. Potter: The question arises ' 1 O.tLld6+ would be good. I l:.: doubts. True, the pawn at d6 cc__ be won, and could soon be ma..r by the c-pawn, but the latter '' itself weak, nor could rely upor. supported by the b-pawn; but as-. the latter contingency is realist:"":. the b-pawn would be a point of And with reference to all this, it ;::::. remembered that Black has a whereas White would not ha'e most important point to be con.,. in the endgame. MoreoYer, :: d-pawn, though much in his wa: not be looked upon as at all ·weak :_ ever, there is no doubt Zukeno:­ was to go in for the specious, •very sound attack which now elli--

1 o g6 1 1 ..tgs 'ijfa5+ 12. �e7 1 3..ixe7 lLJxe7 ...

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14.0-0!? Schallopp: There seems to be n

better for White. 1 4...gxh5 Potter: I would much prefer the c=

Adolf Anderssen (London 1851)

320

of the pawn, e.g. l 4... �xe5 1 5 �dS 1 6.lLJd6+ Wf8, and wh�· White for the lost pawn? Simplr = ing. 15.lLJc4 'li'c5

Paris 1 8 7 8

?ouer: l 5 ...'ijfd8 is perhaps better as :hereby afterwards ...'Wh4. However, ·.vhite could in that case play : 6.ft'xh5+, obtaining a perpetual check ::· the knight refused to cover; and sup­ ::-ose it did cover, then 1 7 .'ifh6, which ·.·:ould prevent the exchange ofqueens. 16.!Dd6+ �f8 17.'ii'x h5 !Dg6 18.'ijfh6+ �g8 1 9.llfe1 !Dxe5 20.llad1 tr'xf2+1 :mer: Which happy stroke ensures the :raw. 21.�h1 !Df7 2Vbxf7 �xf7 23.'ii'h5+ we7 24.�g5+ �f7 25.�h5+ ::>raw. .

194 Spanish Game

Zukertort Winawer

3rd tie-match game, Paris tournament,

30 July

1878

Notes by Steinitz, Potter and Schallopp

1.e4 e5 2.!Df3 !Dc6 3.�b5 a6 4.�a4 !Df6 5.!Dc3 �c5 6.0-0 b5 7.�b3 d6 8.a4 b4 ::�initz: A diversion from the defence in ·.-..e first game of the present tie match, •:jere 8 .. J:tb8 was played, and sound ::-.ough as far as the further progress of .·.e game affords a proof 9.!De2 .ig4 10.d3 .ixf3 1 1 .gxf3 tbd4 12.!Dxd4 �xd4

13.f4 Steinitz: Black has simplified the position and broken up the king side, at the same time hindering the development of the adverse queen's bishop by the threat on the hostile b-pawn. If he gains time for ...ltJhS, he secures a draw at least, for he then blocks White's dou­ bled f-pawn still more. In this predica­ ment, White gives up a pawn, which appears to us an error either way, whether he speculated on the attack or for defensive purposes. The proper move was 1 3 . 'ife 1 . attacking the b-pawn, which Black could hardly afford to lose for the prospective attack by ...ltJhS. If, on the other hand, Black supported the pawn by ... aS, then White maintained a slight advantage for instance: 1 3 .'it'e I aS 1 4.c3 bxc3 I S .bxc3 .tal 1 6.f4 lDg4 1 7 .'it>g2 (the only move, but quite good enough) I 7 .. .'it'h4 l 8.h3, followed at the earliest opportunity by f3. and we prefer White's game. Potter: Very injudicious. 1 3.'We1 would have been good, but better still is 1 3 .c3 bxc3 l 4.bxc3 Lc3 l 5.�xf7+ etc. 1 3 ..exf4 14.�xf4 �xb2 1 5.llb1 .id4 16.tr"f3 o-o 17.wh1 !Dd7 18.'it'g2 !DeS 19.�d5 llb8 20..ig5 'ifd7 21 J!g 1 tLie6 Schallopp: On 2 l ...�h8 follows 22.�e3 and White saves the a4-pawn. 22.�b3 �h8 23.�d2 aS 24.l:lbf1 g6 Potter: It is possible that this move may be necessary, for players often see things that easily escape the eye of an analyst, but to my mind 24 ... tLicS with the ob­ ject of first getting rid of that bishop, and then pushing the f-pawn two squares, is a sound and promising line ofplay. .

321

Johannes Zukertort 25.�h6 �g7 26.$.e3

weakness of his position, and he: forces the adversary to a good r:­ His pawn would have stood better and he ought to have played 2 9 � at once forcing the exchange of cthe dangerous bishops, with a draw in band.

30.l:.g4 %lb7 31 ..ae3 %1f6 32�7' c5 33.l:Ih4

26 ...f5?

Potter: This advance while the adverse king's bishop remains on the board must be bad. Steinitz: So far Winawer had still the ad­ vantage, albeit he had not increased his superiority by prompter measures, for which he had occasion. But by this un­ timely advance he compromises his game. The proper move was 2 6 ...�e7, to prevent the knight being taken at any time with an attack on the queen; and then the game would probably have proceeded thus: 26 . . .''l/Ve 7 27 .f4 .ad4 2 8 ..axd4+ (if 28.he6, then Black too captures the queen's bishop, winning the exchange) 2 8 ...tt:lxd4 29.f5 �h4. and we see no prospect of an attack for White, which will equalise the disad­ vantage ofhis being a pawn behind. 27.�h3 �e8 Steinitz: The only move to protect the

menaced g-pawn. Had be supported the latter by ...1:tf6, White would have dou­ bled rooks by J:tfg 1 still further press­ ing on the g-pawn, and also threatening exfS ; whereupon the pawn could not retake, on pain of a piece being lost by �xe6. ,

28.l:.g2 f4 29.�a7f3?

Potter: At all which Zukertort rejoices. Steinitz: He does nor realise the subtle 322

33...h5 Potter: Which also, and very muc.

yields pleasure to the enemy. Steiniu: Winawer's middle play does match his exceptionally fine condt. .. endings. On no account ought t.c have thus weakened his g-pawn key of his position. He ought to ha ·t: treated the bishop £O f8, and relic:_ . .tt:Jd4 whenever the adverse q�..o::"� bishop moved to b2 by way of c_ course he had n o more than a :: tl1en, for White could then remain · bishops of opposite colours; bur was the most he could expect if he: fully valued the strengtl1 of the ad· attack. Schallopp: Not 3 3 ...tt:Jf8 because 34 �g5. .

.

34.�c1 l'!e7

Schallopp: On 34 ...tt:ld4 could fo 3 5 Jhg6 lLJxb3 36.lhh5+ ! 37.l:Ih8+�f7 38.l:.xf6+. 35.�xe6 J:texeG?

Paris 1 8 7 8 ?otter: The tourney ophthalmia has evi­ iently set in. ��einitz: Still sticking to his pawn with fa­ :al obstinacy. The other rook ought to :-.ave taken, and he had still a fair game, ::10ugh White recovered the pawn. 36.�b2

37..Jbg6 39.J:rh8+

38Jbh5+

Wg8

and mates next move.

1 9 5 Spanish Game Winawer Zukertort 4th tie-match game, Paris tournament, 3 1 July 1878

Notes

by Steinitz and Potter

1.e4 e5 VL\f3 t2Jc6 3.�b5 tbf6

36 ...l::Lf7?

?otter: And still he cannot see. Of course :-.is only resource now is to sacrifice the ::xchange. If the reader cannot find out ·xhy he may refer to Zukertort's next ::10ve, the merit of which consists not :1 its being now made, for I know many � third-class player who would be cer­ :�in not to miss it at this point, but :·Jkertort has undoubtedly seen it be­ :·� re. and has been hoping for it to . :·me. :::initz: Entirely overlooking the oppo­ �-tnt's brilliant design. His only chance -. )W was to give up the exchange at ::ce by 3 6 ... l:te5. 3 6 .. JH8 was also of -.) use, e.g. 3 7 .lhhS + gxhS : �-�xg7+ Wg8 (if 38 ...Wh7, then '·'hite takes the rook, remaining a : :ece ahead) 39.�f6+ Wf7 (if . �---�h7, White checks at fS) - :·.�xhS+ Wxf6 4I .'iig 5+, and mates · -:xt move. .

37J:txg61 . ·::nitz: The termination is most beauti­

. . :. and in Zukertort's finest style.

Potter: Blackburne and Kolisch, no mean authorities it will be admitted, have come to the conclusion that 3 ... a6 is bad, and consequently that in future 3 ...t2Jf6 must be looked upon as the only defence. I am afraid that this an­ nouncement will sorely grieve many an amateur, as he recalls the years during which he has studied and practised 3 ...a6. I sympathise with him deeply, and can only advise him henceforth to hold fast by the grand maxim that in chess 'there is nothing new, and noth­ ing true, and it doesn't signify.' 4.0-0 t2Jxe4 5.d4 �e7 6.'ife2 t2Jd6 7.�xc6 bxc6 8.dxe5 t2Jb7

9.t2Jd4

Steinitz: This and the next move are a new alteration of the usual attack. In the games between Anderssen and Neumann the first player, in this form of opening, placed at once the rook on 323

]ohannes Zukertort

d l , followed by c4. Winawer's new move deserves special consideration, for the knight comes in strongly at fS, and forces at last the exchange for the king's bishop, which is so important for the defence. 9 ...0-0 1 O.lLlc3 Potter: I doubt this being a good continu­ ation, in any case 1 0. b3, intending of course �b2, strikes me as being far su­ perior.

1 o...liJc5 1 1 .l:!.d 1

Potter: The best place for the king's rook

is where it stood, and he would not be forced to move it had the course sug­ gested in the last note been adopted. No doubt White will still have some advan­ tage, and so he ought to have, for whether or not Blackbume and Kolisch are right about 3 . . a6, I am of opinion that 3 ...lLlf6 does not afford a comfort­ able defence to the Ruy Lopez. .

gested answer to our proposea _ play) 2 l ... cxd5 22.�xd5 .:b! lowed in most cases by ...�f6, excellent game in our opinion. · Zukertort does not adopt that 'ie· 1 6.lLlxe7 Steinitz: So far the game is identiG..

the second game of the tie-­ Zukertort tells me that if Wina": again played 1 6.f4, he intendec swer 1 6 ... fxe5, followed by 1 which would have kept the " e-pawn isolated, and also soon have subjected the hostile knig_­ double attack. 1 6 ...�xe7 1 7.exf6 Potter: I 7 .f4 would be well

1 7 ... �b4. 1 7...11xf6

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1 1 ...We8 1 2.lLlf5 f6 Steinitz: Zukertort has profited by the

teachings of our analysis of openings of this character. Anderssen and Neumann usually advanced .. .fS at the earliest moment. We have, however, often proved the superiority of ... f6, when the adverse pawn stands at eS, which usually breaks up the centre, and gives the defence the majority of pawns on the queen's side. 1 3.�g4 liJeG 15.�e3 h8

14.�h6

l:lf7

Steinitz: The turning-point. He ought never to have allowed the adverse e-pawn to be fortified by f4, and the ex­ change would not have been too heavy a price to pay for gaining the centre, and obtaining a counter attack, e.g. l S.. .fxeS 1 6.lLlh6+ Wh8 1 7 .lbxf7+ 'ifxf7 1 8.'tlfc4 'tlfe8 J 9.f4 exf4 20.Lf4 dS 2 l .lLlxd5 (this is Zukertort's sug324

18.'+Wh4? Steinitz: Another instance in sup;:

our observation that the middle :-not Winawer's forte. Clearly : ! was the move, for it hinders the ac of the cl-pawn two squares for e. while, since even if the black quec::. treated to e8 in support, the pawn � still not advance to dS withom � captured by the knight. 1 8...d5 1 9.Ue1 Wf7 20.lbe2

Potter: 2 0 l:lad 1 seems preferable. 20...c5 21 .c3 �a6

Steinitz: Zukertort maintains no'\

this was a weak move, and he oug

Paris 1 8 78 '1ave played the bishop simply to d7, so 1s to keep his knight supported. 22Jijg3 d4 23.�g5 l:rxf2 5teinitz: This

amounts to a sacrifice of a "night for a pawn. Contrary to Zukertort's view - who thinks that he always had a draw in hand after his t -I m1 sorry to say, after careful examina­ :on, that it was totally unsound, and ·ught to have cost the game. He ought ·v have played the rook to g6. :•Uer: As to the merits of this very dar­ .."lg sacrifice, there seems to be a c:Uffer­ :.-nce of opinion. Zukertort informs me :.:J.at he was at the time, and still s i , of pinion that the opponent could make -:othing more than a draw out of it, un­ _er which circumstances, and as it o · uld require to be met with the best �.ar to effect that result, and as :mawer was extremely short of time, was a justifiable and promising spec­ -ation. 24.l:txe6�b7

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25.lbe4? ·rer: He has three moves to choose

m, and he selects the worst. I have _ard talk about the complications of :: position, but I do not see them any­ ::!ere about. A glance ought w have •wn him the disastrous futility of -+. 2S.l:te2 requires a certain amount examination, no doubt, to see all its

effects, but no necessity to see them if. as obviously is the case, it is perceptibly as well as really superior to the text move. Some think 2S.l:te2 would yield a win for White, and other some be­ lieve in a draw as its consequence, but no one considers that it would lose. However, he had a better reply still, viz: 25.�e4. So natural and simple is this re­ source, that it is one to be made in a second of time if necessary. I believe that move ought to win. Zukertort thinks otherwise. But in any case be could hope for no more than a barely­ secured draw afterwards. Steinitz: What a singular infatuation to think that he could preserve in such a manner the advantage he had gained. In complications with a great number of pieces on the board, Winawer seems to get muddled. He had actually two ways of defenc:Ung himself against the com­ ing assault, and in both cases he must have won the game. In the first place the natural move, 25.�e2; and if Black answered 25 ...�f8, as proposed by Zukertort, the game would go on thus: 25.l:te2 l:f8 26.cxd4 �xg2 27.�e7 l:l.xe2 28.tbxe2 l:te8 29.�xg2 Ihe7 30.lL!g3. With a piece ahead and an easy game for the second place, he might have moved 2 5.l:te4; and if Black replied 25 ...�f8, the answer 26.�e7 was suffi­ cient to win, for if then Black sacrificed the rook by taking the g-pawn, check. White need not have been satisfied with the draw, and could boldly move ulti­ mately (in answer to �f3+) �h3, and then interpose the queen in reply to the further check of the bishop at c8, com­ ing out with three pieces for the queen and a fine game. It is singular that both players should have overlooked those 325

}ohannes Zukertort resources. They must have played under the influence ofgreat excitement. 25 ...Uxg2+ 26.On Mr. Minchin resigned the match.

£3:, jL ttJ !J:, 'filtt:J £3:, £3:, £3:, !! �

1 4....l:txf3!? 1 5.gxf3 lt:Je5 16.'li'f4 �c7 17.�g2 d5 1 8..l:tg1 �d7 1 9.�g3 ttta 20.Wf1

20.�hl would lose by 20 ...'\Wxf3+ 2 l .�xf3 lt:lxf3 22.%:tg2, and by playing ... �c6 Black would speedily win. 20...�h6 21 .f4 lt:Jxd3 22.cxd3 dxe4 23.dxe4 �xf4 24.lt:Jxf4 ttxf4 25.f3 �b5+ 26.�f2 �f6 27.e3 e5 28J:tac1 �c6 29.l:tc3 9s 30.l:td1 �fa 31 J:tcd3?

Here White missed an opportunity; 3 1 .�h3 would have prevented Black's next move, and would shortly have re­ sulted in a winning position. 31...�h6 32.l:td8+ �f7 33/�e2 �h5 34.%�1 d2?

Again an error; by returning the king to e3, Black could only have drawn by playing back .. 'Wh6. .

335

]ohannes Zukertort

34..Jhe4+ 35.�f2 l:tf4 36.l:t2d3 �f5 37.'�g2 e4 38.l:t3d7+ �xd7 39.l:txd7+ we6 40.l:txh7 exf3+ 41.Wh1

Owing eo the pawn at c3 blockin; square for the knight, the pawn c� be taken advantageously, and r.bc vance is forced.

5 ...c5 6.f4? Decidedly bad; the king's knight sb have been played to f3 .

6 ...cxd4 7.cxd4 lt:Jc6 8.�e3 9.h3

_ -

The necessity for this move shO\' badness of the advance of the f-pa\,-

9...0-0 1 O.lt:Je2 li:Jf5 1 1 .�f2 "" :12.lt:Jbc3 lt:Jfxd4

41 ...f2?

A slip, though it did not signify, as White played. By checking at e3 on the next move, it would have been difficult for Black to win. Dr.Zukertort pointed out that he should have played 4 l ...'Wbl + 42.�gl 'i'e4 43 �f2 l:tg4 .

.

42.'li'b3+ �d5+

White resigns.

20 I King's Fianchetto

Minchin Zukertort (without f7-pawn) 2nd Match Game, St. George's Chess Club. January 1879

Notes by Minchin 1.e4- 2.d4 g6 3.�d3 �g7 4.c3 This is certainly weak. This defence was, I believe, first tried successfully by

Zukertort in the City of London Handicap, some years back, and Mr. Wisker considered that 4.h4 at an early stage would prove irresistible, but, like most precipitate attacks in the pawn and two game, it broke down against Dr. Zukertort's accurate defence. Probably 4.lt:Jf3 is best. Dr.

4...d5 5.e5 336

This posmon was analysed bv Zukertort and Steinitz, and this haz.:.­ ous move was supposed eo be Y' but such is not the case.

1 3.0-0?

This at once makes it plain sailing Black. The follovving is the best varic2 fxeS 39.heS �X:;40.'it>b2 (if 40.ltJxfS, then 40 ...� 4l .l:ha2 .UxfS) 40 ....tb I . �

Match with Rosenthal 1 8 8 0 32...h5!33.gxh5 If 33.f5, Black proceeds with 3 3 .. .�d7 34.�e2 .ic7 etc., as given in the note :o White's 32nd move. The tempting :ourse 3 3 ...�g5 is far less advanta­ �eous, e.g. 34.fxe6 :\) 3 4. . . �xe3 3 5 .�e4! fxe6 (If 3 5 ... �cl, then, of course, 36.e7.) 36.tt::lb 5 l:tb3 37 .l:ha2 etc.; B) 3 4 . . .l:he3+ 35.�g2! fxe6 3S ...l:te2+ 36.Wf3 l:k2 3 7.exf7 + Wf8 :> 8 .�e4) 36.1:lxa2 h4 3 7.l:ta6 l:txes .i8.1hb6 l:te2+ 39.foPf3 l:te3+ 40.�g2 :g3+ 4 l .�fl (best) 4l . . J:I.xh3 42.c5, �nd it is very doubtful whether Black ·sill effect more than a draw. 33 ...�xh3 34.tt::lb5 Black threatened to imprison the rook ·.\·ith ...�fl . . . .�d3. and ...�b I . 34..Jia4 35.tt::lc3 l:lxc4 36.tt::lxa2 I

.t.

•

' '

37...�e6 38.l:l.c1 If 38.l::[b J , Black wins a piece with 38 ...l:l.e4 3 9.�£3 �xa2 40.l:l.xb5 l:ta4 41 Jlb8 l'la8 42.l:l.xa8 �dS+ etc. 38..�a51 The deciding coup: after 38 . . l:l.e4 .

.

3 9 .Wf3 l:l.xe3 + 40.Wxe3 Ab6+ 4 l .�f3 Axa2 42.l:l.c8+ Wh7 43.l:tb8,

and 44. .Uxb5 , Black would only draw. 39.wf2 b4 40.l:txc4 Forced, as Black threatened 40 ... b3. If 40 . .id2 , then 40 . . . b3 4 1 .-txaS (41.l:txc4 bxa2 42.l:ta4 or 42.l:tc1 �xd2) 41 ... .Uxcl 42.tt::lxcl b2. 40...�xc4 41.tt::lc1 b3 42..td4 �d2 Of course, not 42 ... .tb6?, on account of the reply 43.tt::lxb3 !. 43.tt::le2 If 43.�b2, then 43 ... �xf4 44.�f3 .tgs 4HPe4 wh7! 46.�d4 Ae6 47 .f8 46.g1 .l:[g2+ 48.Wh1 lid2 49.l:tee1 ..ig3 50.%:le3 Wg4 51 .c5 dxc5 52.d6 �d1 53Jte4+ �f5 54.l:te3 �f4 55.1taa3�b3!

Threatening both 55 .....id5+. White resigns.

S S . . . l:tdl

+ and

18J:tg2

2 1 1 Scotch Game X.

Zukertort Wiesbaden. July 1880

Notes by Zukertort 1 .e4 e5 Vof3 tt::lc6 3.d4 exd4 4.tt:lxd4 ..ic5 5.�e3 ii'f6 6.c3 tt:lge7 7.Wd2

This move was played a few days previ­ ously for the first time by L.Paulsen against Englisch. 7...d5 8.exd5

1 8...1td1 1 9.Wg1 ..ih3!

Very weak: L.Paulsen played against Zukertort in their tournament game, Berlin 1 8 8 1 , 8 . tt:l b5 and the continu­ ation was 8 . . . �xe3 9 . fxe3 0-0 1 O.tt:lxc7 ltb8 I l .tt:lxd5 ii'h4+ 1 2 .g3 'tWxe4 etc. ,

8...tt.Jxd5 9.tt:lb5 �xe31 1 O.fxe3 �e6 1 1 .c4 Of course, if I l .e4, then I I .. ii'e5. 1 1 ...tt::ld b41 2.tt:lxc7+ .'

If 12.a3, then 1 2 .. J:!d8. 1 2../.i7e71 3.tt:lxa8 l:td8 14.'t'ic3

White has nothing else: if 1 4.li'f2. then 1 4 .. J:tdl + ; if l4.'i¥e2, then 1 4... tt::ld3+. 14...'i¥h4+ 15.g3 'fie4 16.l:tg1 tt:lc2+ 17.Wf2

If 1 7 '�e2, Black mates in two moves. 1 7...tt:le51

354

Fatal, but White has no saving mo·t:. 1 8.tt:ld2, then, of course, I 8 ... l:txd21 8 ...ig2, then 1 8 ...tt:ld3+. 1 8.�e� tried at the conclusion of the game led to the following ending: 1 8 tt:ld3+ 1 9 ...ixd3 �xe3+ 205.1;>g2 : 2 l .l:tfl (Black threatened mate a• 2 l ... l:txc3 22.tt:lxc3 tt:lxal 23 �d2+ 24 ..l:[f2 �h3+ and White a:".w cloned, for if 2 5. �xh3, then, of co�.: 2 5 .. .'�xf2; if 25.�g l , Black mate two moves; if25 .�f3. then 2 5 ...�::: etc. White resigns. 2 I 2 Scotch Game Hammache.r, Kockelkorn, Leffinan and Wemmers Von Oppenheim and Zukerto;­ Cologne Chess Club, 1 4 July 1 8 8 0

Notes by Zukertort

1.e4 e5 2.tt:lf3 tt:lc6 3.d4 exc.4.tt:lxd4 ..ic5 5...ie3 �f6 G.C.: tt:lge7 7...ic4 tt.Je5

The right rejoinder: far inferior 7 . . .'tlfg6 8.tt:lxc6 Wxg2? 9.l:tfl ..-..::. I 0 .fxe3 etc. 8.�e2 �96 9.0-0 d5

The text move in connection with � two preceding moves was introdu-.�­ by Zukertort about four years ago. 10.exd5 ..ih3 1 1 .�f3 0-0-01

1 880

Match with Rosenthal

.-\gain the strongest continuation: Black iave now a clear superiority of posi­ :ion. 1VL!c6?

unsound reply which enables Black : ? carry the day by a few energetic ;,rokes. ..:..n

1 2...bxc61 14.'iWe2

13.�xc5

lbxd5

·.Vhite must provide for the threatening :oup, 1 4... lbf4. If 14.h 1 , then : -t...lbf4 1 S.gxh3 (forced) I S .. Jhdl : 6.llxd 1 lbx.f3 etc; if 14.�xd5 llxdS, ·.,·inning the queen or mating.

i

[:; [:; l:t ttJ

•• • .t. .t. .t. i .t. 'if .t � � [:;

� .t 'fi [:; [:; [:; l'l �

14...lbxf3+ 15.'it'xf3 lbf4116.lba3

:-here is nothing to be done: if 16.g3, 3lack win with 16 ...�xfl 17 .'ti'xf4 lld I. 16 ...lld3! 17.�e3 lbe2+! 18.Wh1 $.g4!

I O .. �xh3 1 l .gxh3 �xg3 1 2.fxg3 'ifxg3+ 1 3 .�hl 'ii'xh3+ 14.lbh2 lbe4. The sacrifice is, however, unsound, we think, notwithstanding the result of the game in question, which ended in a draw. The text move is very weak: 1 o.. �e6 is the best continuation. .

.

1Ui'xf3 l:e8?

1 L.Axg3 1 2.fxg3 lbbd7 1 3 .g4 leaves White with two bishops and the supe­ rior position; nevertheless it was better than to permit the entry of the hostile knight. 12.lbf5!

White threatens 1 3 .lbxg7! Wxg7 1 4.�h6+ �g8 ( 1 4...�xh6 IS.'it'xf6+ WhS 1 6.g4 mate) I S.'it'xf6 �f8 1 6.�4 li'e7 1 7.'iffs .tg7 (or 1 7 ... f6) 1 8 .l:tael 'it'xe1 1 9.1!Yxh7+ Wf8 20 .�d6+. 1 2...lbbd7 1 3..te3 lbf8 14.�fe1 lbg6

If 1 4 ... lbe6, then again 1 5.lbxg7!. 15.g3 lle6 16.h4 h5? 17..ig5! lbe1+

Black dare not play at once 1 7 ... lbg4, as White would then win a piece with 1 8.l:txe6 fxe6 1 9.lbxd6 'ilfxd6 20 ..txg6. 18.�xe1 t2Jg4

·.vhite resigns. 2 1 3 French Defence

Hammacher, Schottlander and Zukertort Bier, Schwarz and Dr. Schwede BrunsWick, 20 July 1880

Notes by Zukertort

1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.lbc3 lbf6 4.exd5 exd5 5.lbf3 �d6 6.�d3 0·0 7.0·0 c6 8.lbe2 �g4 9.lbg3 'ii'c7 10.h3 �xf3

�-lr. Potter continued here, in the eighth ::-�atch game against Zukertort, with

I i i 'if .t. .i. 1i [:; � [:; [:; �

• .t. .t. � ttJ � .t. � [:; 11 [:; [:; tl

19.c41

The first move of a long combination which opens a direct attack against the 355

Johannes Zukertort adverse king's quarters. White get, by the exchange of pawns, another diago­ nal for the bishop and a fine square for their queen. They are then enabled to force the retreat of the hostile king's knight, which must prove fatal - cf the following note.

1 9...dxc4 20..ixc4 l:U8 21 .'ife4 Wh7

26.fxg4 'ii'xc4 27.gxh5 !Llh8 If 2 7 . . . 'ii'xc l , White wins wi:..: 28.hxg6+ �h8 (28 ...Wxg6 29.'Wg429.'f#'xb7 l:tg8 30.'i!fxb4. If 2 7 . ..CL.e::. then 28.!Lld6+ fS 29.!Llxc4 fxt.:. 30.!Llxe5 d3 3 1. .l:Ixe4 d2 3 2 ..ixc � gxd2 33.!Llg6, with two pawns ahea.: and the better position.

i.

i l 'iY .t. .t

24...c5 25.f3 cxd4 If25 ... lLlh6, White force the game \'.-.:: 26.�xh6 gxh6 27.'i!Ve3.

, ,.

�

lU � .l

��

� � 'if

�

��

� .tt

�

22.Wg2 Better than to attack the knight at once, which would enable Black to obtain a fine position by the sacrifice of two minor pieces for rook and pawn, e.g. 22.f3 �xg3 (immediately disastrous would be 2 2 . . .!Llf6 (or 2 2 ... !Llh6) 2 3 .�xf6 (or 23.�xh6) and 24.'ii'e 3) 2 3 .fxg4 �xel 24.gxh5 �aS 25.hxg6+ fxg6.

22....ib4! The first move of a very fine defensive manoeuvre which but for the abso­ lutely desperate state of Black's game, would have saved the day.

23.:e2 f6 24.�c1 If 24.�d3, Black reply 24 . . .'ti'f7. The capture of the bishop would lose at once, as the following continuation shows: 24.$.d3 fxgS ? 25 .lLle7 �xe7 (if 2 S . . . lLlf6, then 26.'ihg6+ �h8 2 7 .hxg5 ilxe7 28.gxf6) 26.'*i'xg6+ Wg8 2 7 .'\i'h7+ �f7 28.'ii'xh5+ �g8 29.gc4+. 356

28.llc2! The winning reply: very tempting b-.:· unsound was 2 8. !Llxg7 + ;: (28 ... �xg7 29.h6+ and White mates :..:: three moves) 29.ciJxf5 'ii'xcl 30 .!c � 'ii'e l !.

28...'it'f7 29.a3 �a5

Black must lose a piece: if 29 .. .!!t � then 30.'ii'd3 'ii'd S+ 3 l .Wh2 l:e:"' 32.l:tf2. �el 3 3.!Lld6 �xf2 34.lL.xe:"" and wins at least the bishop; :: 29 ... �el, then 3 0.lbxd4+ fS 3 1 .'ii'x t. 'i¥d5+ 32.lLlf3. .

30.l:tc51l:e8 Wherever the bishop moves Whi:: carry the day by 3 1 .lLle7+: 30 . . . �t: 3 1 .lLle7+ g6 (or 3 I . ..f5 3 2 .l:txf� 3 2 .hxg6+ lLlxg6 3 3 .l::th 5+ 'otg 34.�h6+ and mates in three mo�: moves.

31 .lLle7+ Black resigns.

Match ::· 3 l ...f5, then 3 2.l:txf5 l:txe7 33.l:te5+

;;g8 34.lhe7 'ii'f6 3 5 .l:te8+ �[7 : :-.�xh8; if 3 l oo.g6, then 32.hxg6+ �xg6 (32...tt::l x g6 33.l:th5+ �g7 : .:..�h6+) 33 ..l:th5+ �g7 34.tt::lf5+ 3:7 (34oo.�g8 3S.'ifdS+ �[7 : :-.�h6+) 3S.'ii'd 5+ l:te6 36.�d7+.

w

i t h Rosenthal 1 880

1 8 .d4? cxd4 19.cxd4 �xdS 20.exdS tt::lb4, winning a pawn and keeping a good position. 17...'\t,?d7

With this move Black obtain a decided superiority: their king being in perfect safety, they can concentrate all their forces on a very promising attack. 18.tt::lc3 'tWb4 19.e5

2 1 4 Spanish Game

Frank, L.Paulsen and Schallopp Niemeyer, Schottlander and Zukertort Brunswick, 26-27 July 1880

:--Jotes by Zukertort

1 .e4 eS 2.tt::lf3 tt::lc6 3.�b5 tt::lf6 4.d3 d6 5.tt::lc3

-:-:-.is occurred in a game from the Paris

: ·Jrnament between Englisch (White)

::.d Zukercort (Black). 5 . g6 ..

= .::.-:ertort

played in the game just re­ ·:��ed to 5oo.gd7; the text move is :-::ter, however. 6.h3 ..tg7 7.�e3 h6 8.'it'd2 a6 9..txc6+ bxc6 10.0-0·0

-:�zardous in face of the open b-file,

._-_:i under any circumstances prema-

1 0.. c5 11.tt::l h 2 .

first move of a complicated ma­ ·. -::uvre by which the white allies ::-.:ieavour to break through in the cen­ :--:. The game gets now interesting, as ·. :h parties combine attack and de­ ::-.ce in their movements.

-.-.�

1 1 ...tt::lg8 1 2.f4 exf4 1 3.�xf4 tt::le7 14.tt::lf3 tt::lc6 15.llde1 �e6 1 6 .tt::ld 5

·

:6.e5, then 1 6. . .d5. 16 ...'it'b81 1 7.c4

.- =·�rior in principle to 1 7 .c3, albeit the �::er move would not enable White to . :·. mce in the centre, e.g. 1 7 .c3 c4 or �aS, Black would rend.:� the issue of the game doubtful. 49.lla8 l::ta5+ 50.'�d4 lbf5+ 51.c:J;;e4 lbxe3 52.wxe3 l::txd5 53Jba6 l::tf5 54.�e4 !f1 55.l:tg6

The only move which postpones defe.;: if55.llh6, then 55 ... g3. 55...'�e7 56.'e3 �f7 57.tg5 l::th 1 58.�f4 Wf6 59.l:tg8!

Match with Rosenthal A reversal

1 880

of the order of moves is usu­

ally of little consequence in the close openings, and by such a process we have arrived now at a Fianchetto position.

3.�d3 �b7 4.ttJh3 We prefer 4.tbe2, whence the knight may sometimes sooner be made avail­ able on the other wing.

4...tt)c6 5.c3 ttJf6 6.0-0 'fie7 This move shuts out the king's bishop

59...l:!f1 +

for some time. This mode of develop­

::ack conducted the endgame well up this point, but here the allies waste

·.::1e;

they should play at once . . llli3 .

::·. Black's 64th move.

6SJXf8+,

Black win with 6S ... �g6

: :.:tg8+ �h7 67.l:tg5 �h6 68.l:Xg8

:.:· 3 + 69.We4 l:rf7 70.We3l:tg7.

65...g3 66.Wf3 h4 67.l:tg4 l:th2 68.l:lg8 �es ·.

to in close games; but in positions widely different from the present, for instance - by the first player in posi­

so.�e3 Ilf3+ 61 .we4 l:!a3 62.Wf4 l:ra7 63.�g3 l:ta3+ 64.�f4 llh3 65.�e4 :�·

ment is, however, occasionally resorted

tions arising from the opening 1 .f4.

7.f4 g6 a.�e3 �g7 9.ttJd2 hS 1 O.ttJf2 0-0-0 Too bold. The adverse pawns on that wing were too well posted for immedi­ ate advance to make castling on that side advisable.

1 1 .b4 'iff8 12.a4 ttJe 7 1 3.a5

:1early identical position occurred be­

.. ·:cen Labourdonnais and MacDonnell.

69JXg4 �d5 70.l:lg8 �d4 71.l!tg7 �d3 72.ttg8 wd2 73.l:ld8+ ·.:':er 73.l:la8 :f2+ 74.�g4 g2 7S.l:tal ;:;-;:3 76.l:tgl lte2 77.Wh3, Black win

::th 7 7 ...Wf3 7 8 .Wh2 h3! 79.�xh3 -9.l::ra l �f2) 79 ... l:te8!.

73...we1 74.l:ta8 l:lf2+ 75.g4 �f1 76.Wxh4 wg2 77.�g4 l:tb2 78JXhB l:tb4+ 79.Wf5 �f2

'.'�ite resigns.

-:-�-:c time limit was

1 3...ttJg4 1 5 moves an hour.

2 1 5 Owen's Defence Zu.kertort Tinsley

.'Jotes by Steinitz

1 .e4 e6 2.d4 b6

counter-attack, which does not in the least intimidate the blindfold player, who seizes the material advantage, al­ beit he opens the adverse rook file

8 board blindfold exhibition. held at Dr. Ballard's house, London,

He gives up a pawn for some show of

30 October 1880

against his king's side.

14.ttJxg4 hxg4 1 5.'ihg4 f5 16.'ir'e2 wbB 17.axb6 axb6 18.�a6�c6 359

]ohannes Zukertort 1 8...Aa8 was the proper move, and would threaten 1 9...fxe4. Of course, he cannot do this now, on account of the re­ ply I 9.Lb7, followed by 20."ii'a6+; nor can he take with the bishop, for Black would exchange, followed by 20 ....a2.

19.�b5�b7 The opponent has now gained an im­ portant move. Taking the pawn was bad, for reasons similar to those above; and 1 9 ...$.a8 was now useless, and even dangerous, for White might an­ swer 20 ...ixd7, and if Black took, then might follow llxa8+, 't'ia6+, and l:la I .

20.l!Jf31? This move is very difficult to judge. It appears brilliant by the light of actual events and the final result, but there is a flaw in the calculation, which, however, a blindfold player, who is taxed with the conduct of seven other games, might be pardoned for overlooking.

20...fxe4 21.'ifa2

Only a consistent part of the bold plan on which he entered by giving up the e-pawn. It is very difficult to defend; but, as will be seen, his opponent se­ lects his line of play with good judge­ ment up to the point which would have called for high capacity to answer exactly.

21 ...c6 22.'ii'a7+ �c7

The turning point. He had nothing better to pursue the attack, and at al hazard he was bound to maintain it, fo: entering on the defence with twc pieces in danger was ruinous.

23...l!Jc8? Mr. Tinsley has conducted his defence in a remarkably clever manner, and h::: has actually a won game at this poin:. but he fails at the deciding momen: 23 ...ttJxdS was the right move whic::: would have made the adverse sacrifice: of the bishop useless (see next note The move in the text was, howew:: tempting enough.

24.$.xb6+ l!Jxb6 25.dxc6 Which makes all the difference, White's next brilliant move will sho·.·.

_

and wherefore the pawn should ha---t been taken.

25...dxc6 26 ..lla6 cxb5 If now the knight removes, the answt: 2 7 .l:l.xc6+ would also settle the game :.:. a few moves.

27.,..xb6+

...

K •• : 'if ... � �

... ... � ttJ

• .t ... -

t::, � :�

27...wb8 Wrong. He had still a good chance : : relieving himself by 2 7 ... �c8 , wher� upon the game might have proceed.: : thus: 2 8 .l:tfal 'iYd6 2 9 . .lla 8 + �x�: 3o.:xa8+ �d7 3 1 Jh7+ 'it ::: : ·

23.d51? 360

32.\WxbS+ �f8 win.

and Black shou::

Match with Rosenthal 1 8 8 0

.: monger here is 27 ... Wc8 28.l:ta7! ; � 8 .. .'ir'e7 29.l:lfal exf3 30J:la8+ . . l5- 3 Ulxa8+ Wd7 32.'it'xb5+! Wd6 fJ'cS+ �d7 34.Ua7+ etc. 28.I:tfa1 wee

�ere Zukertort announced a forced · -':-:. giving the following variations: · :a8+: 29 . . . �xa8 30..lha8+ �d7 :a?+ c;i;>e8 3 2 .'iYxe6+ 'ii' e 7 Yiixe7 mate; 3 0 .'ii'x b7+ �e8 · 29 . .. �d7 .:.xd8+ �d8 32 ..tla8 mate. :·:i1e announcement to make for a ifold player who conducts eight ,_-:-.es simultaneously without sight of . -l :dormen. ·. :

.

This pawn is now lost too. The proper move was 9 ...'iYg6 . 1 0.f4 �g4 1 1 ...-d3 �e6

A move wasted. It was much better to develop the queen's knight. 12.d5 �g4 14.'iixg3 f5?

1 3..id2

1Wg6

Weak. He only helps the opponent to establish a formidable centre. 15.e5 lt:ld7 1 6.e6 tbc5 17.b4 l!Je4 18.�b5+ c;t>e7

The correct play was 1 8 ... �d8, though it blocked out the rook for a time. Of course 1 8 ...c6 would not do, for White could leave his queen en prise by 1 9.dxc6, threatening to win the rook, and make a newqueen by 20.cxb7+.

� 1 6 King's Gambit

Zukertort (without tbbl )

A.B. S:. George's Chess Club, November 1880 \otes by Steinitz

1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.l!Jf3 g5 4.�c4 d6

·: ·::ing the Muzio Gambit by 4...g4 ..-.:Jot be recommended to receivers of :: odds of a knight for it is too difficult :efend even with two pieces ahead. _: the move in the text is disadvanta­ -: : '..IS under any circumstances, and i.g 7 instead is the proper play. 5.h4 g4 6.l!Jg5 ttJh6 7.d4 'iff6 8.0-0f3

.k.g7. compelling the adversary to rect the d-pawn or to advance the ?awn, would clearly have gained an · -:-. ?Ortant move and brought a piece _: on the king side preparatory to ._,:ling. ·:

9.gxf3 g3?

19.l!Jxe41

The initiation of a most beautiful com­ bination. 1 9...fxe4 20.f51 lt:\xf5 21J1xf51 h6

Nothing less than mate in three moves threatened if 2 1 ...�xfS, for the slashing answer would be 22.i.gS+. 22.l:tf7+ �dB 23.'it'c31

Very curious and ingenious as well. He can afford to expose himself to the ap­ parently dangerous discovered check. 23...�xe6+ 25.'it'xh8+

24.�g5+

Ae7

Black resigns.

361

Johannes Zukenort

Match with Blackburne and Berlin Tournament 1881 2 1 7 Vienna Gambit Wayte Zukertort St. George's Chess Club

problem ofwhich Mr. Steinitz possesses the key, but it is not yet published. 16.'�xb5 iLa7

1 88 1

Notes by Wayte 1.e4 e5 Voc3 ttJc6 3.f4 exf4 4.d4 '1!fh4+ 5.�e2 d5 6.exd5 �g4+ 7.t0f3 0·0·0 8.dxc6 �c5 9.cxb7+ �b8 10.t0b5 a6

The treatment of the Steinitz Gambit in the Handbuch is by no means adequate. This simple move, which at once recov­ ers the piece (since White cannot suffer his d-pawn to be taken) and which is now usually played, is not noticed. 11.c3 ..ixf3+

This is now necessary, for if 1 2 ..ixf4 �xf3+ 13 .�xf3.

ll

.

. axbS .

.

1 2.gxf3 axb5 13.'iVd3

The best move, according to Steinitz, Rosenthal, and other authorities. White has, however, two other alternatives: 13.'*Yb3 and ! 3 .a4. 1 3 ...t0f6 14..2.d2l:the8+ 15.Wd1

Rosenthal has here suggested I 6 .. :iWf2 . and thinks that Black has a good game. in which 'we fully agree. The straight­ forward play in the text is also perfect!; satisfactory; the game, we may observe. was played experimentally, with a vie"· to instruction for the defence. 17.�e2?

We now prefer 1 7 .�c4. a move whicl: proves useful in several variations. The bishop at e2 soon becomes hampered. and is ultimately lost; but in any case: the freedom of Black's rooks is in strik­ ing contrast with the confinement c :· White, for which a slight superiority i:-. pawns does not appear to afford sufE­ cient compensation.

• •• .t. LS .t. .t. .t. ._

'if

• •• .t. .t. .t. L\ .t.

�

.t. J.

L\ LS 'i!i LS L\ � 1!

�

�

.t.

LS

LS

�

1:(

1 5 ...tbd5

Instead of this move, 1 5 .. b4 has lately been suggested: then follows 1 6 . Wc2 tiJdS, and White s next move is a .

'

362

L\ LS �

LS

� L\ �� w

.t. L\

1Ji LS �

17...ttJe3+ lb:e3 18...ixe3 19.�c2 'i¥f2 20J:tae1 l:tdeS 21.�d1 g5 22.h3 f5 23.'ti'c4

The deadly advance of the hostile pa•\T.i cannot be stopped. 23...h5 24.a4 g4 25.hxg4 fxg4

If 25 .. hxg4, the reply 26.l:lh7 afforC., White a little resource. .

Match with Blackburne and Berlin Tournament 1 8 8 1

26.l:txh5 gxf3 27.:es %:3xe5 28.dxe5 fxe2+ 29.:xe2 �f1 + 30/�tc2 f3 31.l:e4 'ifxc4 32.:lxc4 f2 33.l:tf4 1:1xe5 \Vhite resigns.

218

Sicilian Defence Zukertort Blackburne St. George's Chess Club v City ofLondon

24 March 1 8 8 1 Notes by Zukertort and Steinitz match,

1.e4 c5 2.tt:\c3 e6 3.tt:\f3 tt:\c6 4.d4 cxd4 5.tt:\xd4 �b4 6.tt:\b5 li:lf6 7.a3

Steinitz: We thought well of this move, -_,·hich was introduced by Englisch against L.Paulsen in the Leipzig tourna­ :nent 1879. We understand that the lat­ :er, with his usual predilection for the :wo bishops, retreated his king's bishop :o e7, and White thus obtained the su­

superior game on account of White's two bishops and the weakness of Black's isolated pawn.

1 1 .Ag5 l:te8 Steinitz: A good move in Mr. Blackburne's usual attacking style. He might have also equalised the game by ... d4, whereupon the game might have pro­ ceeded thus: 1 1 ...d4 1 2.tt:\e4 'i!i'aS+ 13 .�d2 (best; for if 1 3 .b4, Black will obtain the advantage by 1 3 ...'fieS, which compels the exchange of knights, and enables him to stop the ad­ verse castling by ... l:e8) 1 3 ... 'ii'e5, even game. Zukertort: Well played; if l l ...d4, White would rejoin with l 2 .tt:\e4; if l l ...�e6, with 1 2.0-0 and l 3.�f3.

?eriority of position. But the mode of defence adopted by Blackburne in the ?resent game and in his match with Gunsberg seems to give the second ?layer at least an equal position in the )pening.

7. .�xc3+ 8.li:lxc3 0-0 .

Steinitz: Here we prefer ...dS at once, ·shich will most probably lead to the 'ame kind of game as the one actually )btained.

9.�e2 5teinirz: White might have altered the -..,·hole aspect of the situation by f4, with the object of advancing eS, and :1lacing the king's bishop in an attack­ :ng post against the adverse king's side ltd3.

9...d5 1 0.exd5 exd5 Zukertort: If 1 0 ... tt:\xdS, then 1 1 .tt:\xdS �xdS 1 2 .'i!i'xd5 exdS 1 3 .�f4, with the

12.0-0 Steinitz: He could not win the pawn, without subjecting himself to a strong attack. In reference to the course of ex­ changing the knight followed by tt:\xdS, which apparently leaves Black exposed to the loss of the exchange, Mr. Blackburne communicates to us the fol­ lowing fine variation: l 2.�xf6 'i!Vxf6 1 3 .li:lxd5 'ifxb2 1 4.li:lc7 'iYc3+ I S.xf3 lhc7 32..�xa6 .Ua7 33 ..txb5 l:txa3+ 34.c.t;>e4 l:tb3 and should win; C) 26.'ir'd2 tt::lf3+ 27.�xf3 .llxel + : Cl) 28.'ijfxel 1t.xf3 29.'ife7 £g4 30.l:tel �e6 3 l .f5 .lld7 32.'ii'g 5 f6 and wins;

C2) 28Jhel 1t.xf3 29.'ifcl d3 30J;[e8+ (if 30.'ilt'c6, the answer is 30 ...l:te5!) 30 .. .'i.fxe8 3 I .c8'it' l:td8 fol­ lowed by . . . d2, gaining one of the 366

queens, and remaining with a clear piece ahead. We may also observe that 25 ...tt::lg4 in­ stead of the move in the text, woulc also have lost, for White would first take the rook, followed by 'ifxg4 at once, i:· the bishop retook.

26.Axd5 Axd5 Zukertort: If 26 ... tile3, then 27.'iVxd.:.

tt::lxdS 28.'ii'xd5 winning.

27..llxe8+ �xe8 28.'ihd4

28...�b7 Steinitz: 28 ... Ae6 would not have saYbject better, for he would then obtain :w·o passed pawns for the piece by . . .l:rc7. as will be explained in our next :1ote. Zukertort: 23 ... g6 would be met with �+.h3 �cl 2S.'i!i'f3, and Black cannot l\'Oid the decisive entry of the white :>awn at c6. 24.h3 ::ukertort: After 24.bxc6 i.xc6 2 5 ..1xc6 .:.xc6 26.�xc6 ';i'xc6 2 7 .�d8+ �h7 �8.�xb8, Black would recover the ::>iece with 28 ...'iYc2. 24..J:td8 S:einitz: White's last move was, we be­ :;eve, also best against 23 ... g6 proposed ::1 our last note, and he could then ob­ :�in some compensation at this juncture :'\' 24 ... .l!tc7, while. as i t stands, this ?lan is not available, as White will ulti­ ::1ately win another pawn, either on the ,::ng's side or on the queen's side; e.g. :-± ... �c7 2 5.bxc6 �xc6 26 ..1xc6 llxc6 : i .�xc6 'twxc6 28.'�d8+ �h7

29.'ihb8 �c2 3 0.�d4 'ifc l + 3 l .�h2 'it'xa3 32.�b7 �g8 3 3 .'ii'a8+ �h7 34.�xb6, and wins easily. 25.�c2

.t

• .a •• �

�

� 'iV ll

I 'tiN

.t �

•

••

�

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•

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25. .gca Steinitz: 2 5 ... .1c7 would have gained a move which might have been of some importance. Zukertort: The only move which forces White to capture the pawn at once: if 25 ... ..Q.c7, then 26.f4: A) 26... a5 27 .a4, and Black has not gained a move, as asserted in The Field; B) 26 ... a6 (Steinitz's later suggestion) 2 7.�xc6 (27 .bxc6 would equally win as it did in actual play) 2 7 ... .2.xc6 28.'ihc6 �xc6 29.1hc6 .Q.b8 (if 29 ... �c8, then 3 0 ..2.d4; if 29 ...lld7, 3 0.bxa6) 30.bxa6 .1a7 3 I .Ad4 (Or 3 l .�c7 lla8 3 2 ..2.d4 etc.) 3 J ...l:tb8 32.a4 wins. 26.bxc6 .Q.c7 27.f4! Zukertort: With this and the two next moves White brings his queen's bishop into commanding position, which set­ tles matters absolutely. 27...a5 28.a4 .ia6 29.�a3 b5 30.axb5 �xb5 31 ..Q.d6! jt,b6 Steinitz: Obviously he could not take twice. for White would advance the pawn to c7, followed afterwards by gb7, in case the queen tried to stop the pawn atc8. .

381

]ohannes Zukertort Zukertort: After 3 l ....txd6 3 2.exd6 tfxd6

33.c7 .td7 34.c8'fW .txc8 3 S .'ilhc8 .l:td8 36.'ii'a6, White would win the a-pawn, and thus remain a clear piece ahead.

32.1t'b3

Steinitz: Black makes the most of his c� ·

fence, though, owing to the nature : · the game, this does not amount : : much. It is obvious that White eo·..:.. : not retake with the rook, for BlLi would exchange and queen his a-pav:: without obstacle.

40...a2 41 .�b7 �c7

Steinitz:To prolong the fight by 42 ... :t

­

recovering the piece, ifWhite takes.

42.l:ta1 l:tb8 43 ..td5 l:tb2+ •

Just on the last chance that the ki=. � might retreat to the last row, whe:-: · upon the rook would check at b I .

44.�3

Black resigns.

32...f5 Steinitz: 32 . . . a4 might have led to the

following fine variation : 3 2 . . . a4 3 3 .'ti'xb5 .txe3+ 34.�hl .txcl 3S.c7 l:tc8 36.�c6 and wins the queen. Zukerrort: If 3 2 ...a4, White would win with 3 3.'it'xb5 �xe3+ 34.�hl �xcl 3S.c7! �h8 (to avoid the loss of the queen, which was threatened with 36.�c6) 36.�c6 'iWg8 3 7.'Wxa4 .l:tc8 38.g3 (threatening to win the bishop with 39.'ii'c3) 3 8 ... ..te3 (if 3 8 ...gs, White forces the game with 39 ..ie7 'ii'g 6 40.�f6+ �g8 (40 ... �h7 4 ! .'iYel) 4!.'ili'a6 etc.) 39.�d7, win­ ning the rook for the passed pawn, and forcing then easily the exchange of queens.

225 Scotch Game Blackburne

Zukertort

14th Match Game, St. George's Chess CL: 29 July 1 8 8 1 Notes by Zukertort and Steinitz

1.e4 es 2Jijf3 tt::lc6 3.d4 ex04 4.tt::lxd4 tt::lf6 5.tt::lxc6 bxc6 6.e5 'ife7 7.'ii'e2 tt::ldS

33.�xf5 a4 Zukertort: After 33 ....ixe3+

34.\\he3 exfS , White would win a piece with 3S.'ti'b3+.

34.'tWxe6+ �h8 35.fixe8+ �xe8 36.�f2 gS 37.fxg5 a3 38.c7 �a6 39.c8'6' ..txc8 40.�xc8 382

8.c4 Steinitz: It seems that White could gain l

move here by 8.b3, but the answc: 8 ...'ii'b4+, followed, if the bishop i.J:: . terposes, by 9 ...'ii'b6, would prever.: White from advancing the pawn to c-:

Match with Blackburne and Berlin Tournament 1 8 8 1

immediately, on account of the rejoin­ der J O ...'ii'd4. 8...�a6

The Handbuch proceeds here ,,·ith 8 ...tt:lb6 9 .if4 �a6 1 o.tt:ld2 'iVb4 1 1 .0-0-0 l:tb8 1 2.a3 'iYa4. We may add, �owever, that some of the moves for White show more valour than discre­ :ion.

Zukertort:

.

White could oppose his queen with advantage at c2. Zukertort: If l l .h4, Black answers best l l .. .'ii'g6. 1 1 ...�b4+ 12.'ifo?d1 tt:Je71

9.b3 0-0-0 10.�b2

5teinitz: We suggested this move n i our :-�otes to the 1 2th game. As regards the other alternative 1 o.'ifb2, which we ?roposed, the following is a likely con­ :inuation: l O.'ii'b2 tt:lb6 1 1 .c5 i.xfl 1 2.cxb6 �xg2 1 3.bxa7 'ito?b7 14.l:tgl AdS 1 S.i.e3; and the pawn at a7 will ·Je somewhat troublesome in the mid­ :ile game, though for the ending it, no :loubt, stands weak. But then, even if 3lack wins this pawn, he will only have � doubled pawn plus in the queen cen­ :re, while White will remain with a ?assed pawn on the a-flle. On the ·.,·hole, we are, however, inclined to :nonounce in favour of the move in the :ext, which seems to leave more initia­ :ive to the first player. 1 0...'iYg5

Best under the circumstances. Xe still question whether Black's de­ . :ence s i right on principle, but he evi­ :ently makes the most of the position .:1 detail. :lkertort: Probably best: I O ... tt:lf4 would :e bad on account of the reply : ! .'iYe3.

�teinitz:

1 1 .'ife4

Again too early, though one ::-.ove later than on the previous occa­ '�on in the 12th game. l l .h4 at once · ·:as better, for, in reply to the check of ::-:e bishop, the king could move; and if :�-:en Black's queen retreated to g6,

�:einitz:

1 3.h4

The only move, we think, which parries the consequences of the threatened rejoinder 1 3 ...d5. The plau­ sible continuation 1 3.f4 would be far inferior, viz: 13.f4 dS 14.cxd5 'it'g4+ 1 s.'iff3 1 s . . .'ir'xf3+ (best) ( 1 S .. JhdS+ 1 6.xd2 lZ:If3+ and : � ...lZ:IxeS, with two united passed :lwns. If 3S.lZ:Ic5, then 35 ... lZ:Ig2) : ) ...g4 (Black may also continue with : ) ...l:te8 36.1:td5 lZ:Ic2 etc.) 36.lhd8+ ;i;xd8 37.�g5+ (if 37.ha7, then : :-...lbf3) 3 7 ... �xg5 38.lZ:IxgS (if : 3.�xe l , then 38 ...�f4) 3 8... lZ:Ic2 : i . .!!Jxf7 + �e7 40.lZ:Ih6 lZ:Ixb4 - < .!!Jxg4 (if 4 l .a4 g3 42.'ot>f3 'ot>e6 -7; ) ug4 lZ:Id3 etc.) 4 1 .. .lZ:Ixa2 42. ' �d3 8 e6 43.'ot>c4 lZ:Ic I etc. 22..J:th21

• .t x .\

A A J. A .l A � .A

23.�d4 Steinitz: White is still bent on his useless

attack on the queen's side, and he most likely overlooks the line of the defence with the c-pawn, which his opponent subsequently adopts. 23.Wb3 was the proper move now to keep everything well defended, and retain the pressure against the adverse d-pawn, the advance of which he should have hindered as long as possible, in order to keep Black's pieces confmed. Zukertort: The Field says 2 3 . \Pb3 was the proper move now to keep every­ thing well defended and retain the pressure against the adverse d-pawn, the advance of which he should have hindered as long as possible, in order to keep Black's pieces confined.' The object in view should be certainly of paramount importance to White, but the proposed move does not fulfil it at all, for Black would answer with the dreaded ... d S , e.g. 23 .�b3 d S 24.exd6 (this seems best: after 24.cxd5 cxdS, White dare not capture the pawn, for he would lose then the exchange. If 24.c5, then 24 ... �a6!) 24 ...cxd6 25 . .ixg7 (or 2 S .lZ:Ixd6 �xd6 26.l::txd6 llxd6 27 .llxd6 �xf2 28 . .id3 (28.lld! J:tf3+ or .. .f6] 28 ... 'ot>c7 29.l:ld4 l:tf3 etc.) 25 ... d5 26.cxd5 cxdS 27.lZ:Ic3 l:txf2 28.lZ:Ixd5 �e6 29.Wc4 f6 winning. ·

385

Johannes Zukertort

23...d5 24.exd6 cxd6 25.lla3 c5 26.bxc5

Steinitz: He could not retreat the bishop at once to e3, on account of the reply ...�fs, followed by ...tOeS, if the bishop defended at d3, Black then threatened ultimately to break through with ...d5. 26...dxc5

Steinitz: Now, of course, he could :: :• protect the pawn any longer, for he \\-.:; bound to guard against the ultimate t.::·· trance of the adverse knight to eS, as ::-:..: had no other defence for his ow: knight, excepting by Ad3 when :.: · tacked by ...�fs. Zukertort: 28.�e3 would lose now • piece by 2 8 ... �fs 29.�d3 l:i.xc; 30.�xd3 lZ:!eS+ and 3 1 ... �xe4. 28...f5 29.lZ:!d2 %:txf2 30.�d3 �b7 31.-tas

Steinitz: An error. He should have cc· centrated fire by l:tab3 . Zukertort: Black's numbers should ea::-· the day now, whatever White play: �· 3 1 Jhb3, then 3 1 ...�c6.

• l .i.

27.%:tb1+?

Steinitz: By this ill-considered check he compromises his game. The proper move now was 2 7 ...te3. It should be observed, however, that he could nei­ ther take the c-pawn with the bishop nor with the knight; for in the former case he would lose a piece by . . .fS, and in the second alternative by ...%:txd4. Zukerton: If 27 .lZ:JxcS, then, of course, 2 7 ...%:txd4; if 2 7 .AxeS , then 2 7 ....ixcS 28.l:tbl+ (28 .lZ:!xcS l:txf2+ 29.'�cl l:txd l + 30.'1t>xdl llxfl + ; or 28.l:tb3+ �cl etc.) 28 ... .tb6 29.c5 .tb7 30.�d3 tOeS etc. The text move is blamed in The Field, and rightly too, we think, for it weakens White's game in the centre, without affording any advantage on the wing. 2 7 .�e3 seems best, but Black would maintain even then his numeri­ cal superiority with a good position by continuing with 2 7 ... llxdl 28.�xdl �hl 29.lZ:!d2 (29.We2 �g4+ 30.f3 �xf3+) 29 ... lZ:!e5 . 27../�aa 28.�c3

386

K

l �

� :

.i � ttJ

�

i.

l � ll � K

11 31 ...llxd3!

Steinitz: Taking advantage n i maste::-.-. style.

32.lhd3 Steinitz: 32.Wxd3 was of no use, f:·: Black would answer 3 2 ... tOeS+, and t:::: king would have to retreat to cl; for :: he moved to any black square, the a::· swer was 33 ...llxd2. Zukertort: After 32.�xd3, Black v.i:::: with 32 ...lZ:!eS+ 33.Wc2 (or 33.'J;>c3 c·�

'1t>e3 l:txd2, and if 34 � or �xc: lZ:Jxc4+ and 3S ... lZ:Jxa3) 33 ... �e-l-34.�cl �xbl 3S.�xbl f4.

32 ...Ae4 33.�c7 a6 34.llb6 �f6 35.%:te6 �b7!

Match with Blackburne and Berlin Tournament 1 8 8 1 S:einitz: This gains an important move, ;nd is much stronger than 35 ...tl.e2 at )nce. :ukertort: The first move of a final ma­ �oeuvre by which Black threatens a se­ �ies of exchanges which leave White �bsolutely helpless - compare the next ::ate.

36..i.d6 �e21 37Jbe4 ::einitz: His most promising defensive

�::source, 3 7.�d 1 , would have lost, ·.·.ithout affording any chances of com­ :-:ication, e.g. 37.Wdl Ld3 3 8.l:txe2 A.xel+ 39.osition.

·

14...�a6 15.lbd2

White's best continuation were 1 9.axb4 fxeS 20.b5! �xbS 2 l .lDxeS. It was pointed our after the conclusion of the game by Baron Heydebrand und der Lasa.

1 9...fxg5 20.axb4 axb4 Best, for Black can now well afford some sacrifice of material to break a hostile attack.

X

�. . 'if .i. .l .l .i. .l .,. lLJ .l .l .l � il.. � � .l iV � � :

� l:l �

21.'ifh5?

1 5...bxc3? :.. feeble trap to induce the opponent to �eply with 1 6.lbdxc4?, which would ::)St a piece by 1 6 ...lbxe5. Black had a :::lntinuation which would insure him a :�lling superiority, viz: 1 S ...b3! 1 6.axb3 :xb3 1 7 .i.d3 �xd3 1 8.'fixd3 a4 and if

Very weak, for it affords to the oppo­ nent the opportunity to get rid of White's most important attacking piece, the king's bishop. The sacrifice of the bishop would be equally futile, viz: 2 1 .-".xh7+ �xh7 22.�h5+ cJygs 23.lDg6 lDf6 24.�h8+ Wf7 2S.lbxf8 l::txf8 26.�3 g4 27."it'g3 �bS, with an overwhelming superiority of forces. White's best continuation were, per­ haps, 2 l .'*'c2, but even that would not alter the fate of the day, e.g. 2 l .'fic2 g6 22..�.xg6 �f6 23.i.e4 b3 24.'fie2 c2 2 5.-txdS exdS 26 ..ic3 'ifb7 etc.

21 ...lbf6 22.'\i'f3 lbxe4 23.'ii'xe4 �b7! 24.'iVb1 c2 25.'ifc1 l:txa1 397

johannes Zukertort

26.'ti'xa1 c3 27.�g3 b3 28.\'Va4 �d5 29.e4

The 'Stonewall' to the rescue! 29...l:ta8 30.'iib5 b2 31.exd5 c1 'if 32.d6 �xd6 33.'ii'b3 .ixe5 34.'i!i'xe6+ �h8

9...t2Jxf3+ 10.�xf3 fi.e7 11 .'i-·c2 0-0 1 2 ...ig2 ..td7 13.�e3 l:ac8 14.f4 f5 15.b4 fxe4 16.dxe4 'O"a6 17.bxc5 dxc5 1 8.l:tfd1 Ucd8

We would prefer 1 8 ...l:tfd8. 19..if1

White resigns. I

23 2 Sicilian Defence Zukertort Paulsen,L Vienna tournament, 1 6 May 1882

Notes by Zukertort

1.e4 c5 2.t2Jc3 t2Jc6 3.t2Jf3 'ii'b6

K •• . , .i. .i. ' ' 'if � i c i 1�� � � � � 'iV ttJ � : %:[ �� 1 9...c4

A very inferior continuation, intro­ duced by Herr Paulsen in his first games played in the Vienna tournament. We are sure that this bad move accounts in a great measure for the adverse score originally made by the German master. 4.g3

White's best course were 4.t2Jd5 'WaS 5.c3 e6 6.t2Je3 d6 7 ..td3. 4...e6 5...ig2 t2Jge7 6.0-0 t2Jd4 7.t2Je2

After 7 .t2Jxd4 cxd4 8.t2Je2, Black would slowly develop and finally get a very good game by posting his rooks in the open c-file. 7...t2Jec6 8.d3 d6 9.c3

It would be better, perhaps, to play first 9.t2Jd2 and then continue with I O.c3. 398

A tempting but unfavourable contim:� · tion were 1 9 ...t2Jb4, and if the knig::.: be taken, 20 ... .ia4; e.g. 1 9 ...��..,. 20.cxb4 �a4 2 I .'ir'b2 lhdl 1 : : 2 l . . . �xdl 22.t2Jc3, winning the se-> ond minor piece for the rook) 22 .l:hc : �xdl 23.t2Jc3, and White wins L:: bishop, for if Black attempts to protc-.:­ it with 23 ... �d6, White rejoins w-±:::. 24...txc5 and 25.$.xe7. 20.l:td2 e5! 21.l:tad1 exf4?

Black was quite right in advancing L:: e-pawn on the previous move, fc firstly, it secures for the end-game tl:.: exchange of his isolated pawn, whic:. otherwise, might be fixed by Wru:: playing eS; secondly, it prevents the e:-. try of White's minor pieces at d.; Black's 2 1 st move, however, presents � grave error. It throws away half of tr.: advantages just explained, establishes � hostile passed pawn, and opens fc � White the g-file. ·

22.gxf4 tUbS 23.'ifb1 �a4

Black begins herewith to mass 18 forces on the queen's side, altogethe:

Vienna 1 8 8 2

underrating the danger of his position on the opposite wing.

24Jbd8 ..txd8

It were far better to retake with the rook and thus prevent White from utilising his rook in the coming onslaught. 25J�d2 ttJd7 26.ttJd4 �as

•• j. j.

�

27.l:tg21

·.Vhite effects now in a very short time a :omplete change of front, and gets

:hereby a deadly attack. 27...ttJc5

32.f5? White should continue at once with 32 .GtJxg6+, for Black has no means of escape after 32 ... hxg6 33.'iixg6 �xe3+ 34.Whl.

32 ...�xe3+ If 32 ... lbg7, probably Black's best defence, White must win ultimately after 33 .fxg6 �xe3+ 34.'iVxe3: A) 34 .. .'�'b6 35 .'i8xb6 axb6 36 ..ixc4 �e8 3 7.1H2 etc.; B) 34 .. Jhfl+ (or 34... 'iVf6 35 .GtJf5) 3 5 .Wxfl 1!Yf6+ 36.lbf5 ltJxfS (of course, if 36 ...hxg6, then 37.'iYh6+ �g8 38.:hg6) 3 7.exfS 'ifxfS+ 38.�f2 'ifbl+ 39 . ...Wel 'iid3+ 40.Wgl hxg6 4 l .'i8e5+ Wh7 (best) 42.Ue2 etc.

33.'�'xe3 gxf5 If now 3 3 . . .bS .:lc2 47 ..tf4 �d7 48.c.Pb4 (48.�b6 l:l.c4) 48 .. .f5 49.�b3 %U'2 SO.i.es f4 S l .�c4 .:lxh2 5 2.�xf4 llf2. After 39.�a2 llc3 40.c7 .tk6 41 .l:te2, Black wins with 4 1 . . ..:la6+ 42..�a3 l:tcs.

39..J:%b6 40.c7 llc6+ 41.d4 �xh3 57.�e4�b3 s s .wfs h3 59.Wg4 llb4; B) 52.e4 etc.) 53 ... h3 S4.�g3+ �fs s 5 .Wd4 Wg4 56.Wd5 fS 57.�d6 f4 58.�el Wf3 59 ..ad2 We4 60.'4Pd7 lla8 6 l .c8'i:Y :xc8 62.e4 53.gd6 f5+ 54:"'xh4 f4 ss.�gs f3 56.�g3 :ea 57.h4 l:txc7 58.�xc7 Desperate, but there is nothing to be done, for if 58.h5, then 5 8 ... :g7+ 5 9 .Wh4 :xg3! 60.Wxg3 �e3 6 l .h6 f2 62.h7 fJ 'if 63.h8"iV "i'Vgl + 645it>h4 'ilih l + and 65 ... 'ii'xh8. 58...f2 59.h5 f1 � 60.�d8 "ii'f5+

61.�h6 rit>f4 White resigns.

2 3 4 Italian Game

Schwarz Zukertort Vienna tournament,

1 3 June 1882

Notes by Zukertorr

1 .e4 e5 2.l2Jf3 l2Jc6 3..tc4 .acs 4.0-0 l2Jf6 5.d3 d6 6.l2Jc3 �g4 7.�e3 l2Jd4 8..txd4 �xd4 9.l:1b1 ? 'Wd7 10.'it>h1

After 1 O.h3 �hS 1 l .g4 l2Jxg4 1 2.l2Jxd4, Black comes out with three pawns and the exchange for a piece with 1 2 ...l2Jf6 1 3.l2Jde2 "ifxh3 J4.f3 .ixf3 1 5 Jhf3 'tWxf3 .

10....ab6 Necessary now to avoid the exchange of one of Black's bishops against the hos­ tile king's knight.

1 1 .'i!Ye2c6 52.r�g4 �laking matters easy: 5 2 ..id2 were ;)robably White's best move, but even :hen he would not save the day, we :hink. The variations are innumerable, :.nd we may, therefore, select one which :ilustrates the modus operandi best:

l l ...ltJhS would be premature on ac­ count of 1 2.l2Jd5.

1 2.l2Jd1 l2Jh5 1 3.l2Je3 l2Jf4 1 4.'i!Yd1 h5 15.c3 0-0-0 16.b4 d5 1 7.exd5 After 1 7.l2Jxe5?, Black wins a piece with 1 7 ... �xdl J 8.l2Jxd7 .l:[xd7. 403

]ohannes Zukertort

1 7...cxd5 1 8..ib3 Wle7 19.�c2 Wb8

Preparing the decisive attack in the cen­ tre. 1 9 ... Axf3 would be favourable to White. 20.tbg1

20.tbel would be better.

20... d4 21 .cxd4 �xd4 22. �c8!

�

Better than at once 22 ... l:thd8, for text move forces the hostile quee.:­ leave the best square at her comma.:: and it enables Black later on to cap�-­ the d-pawn, attacking the queen. 23.�b3 �cd8 24.f3 .... e:: 25.�xe6 �xd3 26.Wfc4 If26.tbf5, then, of course, 26 ... 'f.vgs -­

ter 26.1'Hb2 'iVxe6 27.tbc2 l:td2 lS : Black forces the game with 28 ... ..JL.\:� 29.gxf4 �xh2+ 30.Wxgl l:tdd2. 26...fxe6 27.Lbd1 .l:td2 28.g3

� .l .t. ..t

g � .l .l

� Wi � l:1

g ttJ

.t. t1li ��

.t. �

l:r tb �

28...l:tc81 29.Wie4

After 29.Wixc8+ Wxc8 30 .gxf4, BlaG wins with 3 0 ...�h4. 29..J:tcc2 30.t2Jf2 31.�xe5+ Wlc7

�xf2

White resigns. Should White change queens and the= take the knight, Black wins by capturin.;, the knight. 2 3 5 Bird 's Opening

Fritz Zukertort

Mannheim. I S July !882 Notes by Hoffer 1.f4 e6 2.tbf3 d5 3.e3 tbf6 4.b3 1i.e7 5.�b2 o-o 6..td3

Adolf Schwarz 404

This development is frequently adoptee by first-class players in giving the odds

Vienna 1 8 82 of the queen's knight, but it is not com­

:nendable against a player of equal mength, and most decidedly bad against such an opponent as Dr. Zukertort.

pieces, Black retains only a superior pawn position for the end game.

6...c5 Vbe5 t2Jbd7 8.g4

Both 7.tLleS and the last move are pre­ mature. White is not developed enough :o adopt such a bold line of play. 8...t2Jxe5 9.�xe5 t2Jd7 1 0..ab2

: O.S:i..c3 was preferable, because Black -::ould gain no time in playing the next :nove. 1 0...�f6

\!uch better than ! O ...gh4+, Black's )bject being to get rid of this bishop, in )rder to have a dear diagonal for his 1ueen. 1 1 .t2Jc3 .ixc31 1 2 ..ixc3 'ifh4+ 1 3.�f1

1 6 ...�xg4!

The sacrifice ofthe rook is as brilliant as it is sound; and Black is sure to seize the opportunity of an elegant finish so rare in modern times, against a strong op­ ponent. 17.exf8'if+ l:txf8 18.gxe5

The last chance of prolonging the game, had Black been eager to take the queen, as White would have saved the bishop by attacking the queen on g3, and retained two pieces for the queen. 1 8...fxe5+

1 3...e5! 1 4.fxe5 :f 1 4.f5 instead, Black obtains an over­

·.•:helming attack, with 14... d4 1 S.�b2 tli'h3+ 1 6.�f2 t2Jf6 1 7 .�e2 hS, and ·.\.hire's position is hopeless. 14...f61 15.e6 t2Je5 1 6.e7?

:::)ecidedly a blunder. 1 6.-ifS would have �:\·en a fair chance of resistance, e.g. : 6.�fs g6 1 7 .e7 lle8 1 8 .�xc8 l:taxc8 : 'i.�xeS fxe5 20.1Wf3 e4 2 l .'ifg2 l:txe7 : 2.�e2, and, if Black takes the open :'-file with either rook, White opposes :·.�5 rook, and, after the exchange of

White resigns. This little game. played for a special prize given by the Mannheim Chess Club, is illustrative of the judgement which is required in the conduct of ir­ regular games. Both players have to rely on their own resources, and superior ingenuity must tell. 236 Evans Gambit

Dupre

Zukertort

Ronerdam, 29 July 1882 Notes from Times Democrat

1.e4 e5 2.t2Jf3 t2Jc6 3.�c4 �c5 4.b4 �xb4 5.c3 gas 6.d4 exd4 7.0-0 dxc3 8.'iWb3 'iff6 9.e5 'ifg6 1 O.t2Jxc3 t2Jge7 1 1 .t2Je2

405

]ohannes Zukertort

Zukertort thinks that 1 1 .�a3 is the strongest attack against the Compro­ mised Defence. 1 1 ...b5 1 2.�d3 'it'e6 1 3.'iVb2 tt:Jg6 14.lbf4 tt:Jxf4 15.�xf4 a6

Up to here the books are unanimous, but Black's last move is controversial. Steinitz considers I S ... h6, to prevent lOgS, as the best response, the Handbuch and Zukertort prefer the text move. 16.ttad1

The correct line of attack is the follow­ ing, which has been adopted by Fritz against Zukertort: 16.lbg5 "i'Ve7 1 7 .e6! dxe6 (if l 7 .. .fxe6 1 8 .tt:Jxh7) 1 8 .'iYxg7 etc. If the moves of Zukertort's defence are the best in this variation, 1 S ...h6 is obligatory for Black.

whether or not it is sound; in any c;.-� its adoption is perfectly justified. 22..ixb6 �xb6+ 23.Wh1 ?

This move, which allows ... h3, is de:.:. weak; here White ought to have pi.:;:. .,-: 23 .Uf2 l:tg8 (best; if 23 ...h3 23 � ; 24.�fl �xf2 2S.'ti'xf2 �xg 2 + (str : : ger than 2S .. Jhg2) 26.'it>e1 h3 27.�: dxe6 (if 2 7 ...fxe6 28.f6! etc.) 28.ix�· fxe6 29.�e2 lt:Jg6 30.fi'f6 witt. splendid attack. 23 ...h3 24.11d2 11g8 25JUf2

.I

• I. .t i i � i i .t i i ��

1 6 ...h6 17.i.g3 �b7 18.tt:Jh4? tt:Je71 9.f4

25...0-0-0!

It is

a singular position which allow; ' move such as this; White's game is su-::. that he cannot effectively make eitl:�: an attacking or a defensive move. 26.�f1 �xf2 28...Q.xg2

1 9...g5!

The frrst move of a beautiful and very concealed combination, which the op­ ponent had not seen, since he would have to reply 20.fxg5. 20.f5 "i'Vb6+ 21.�f2 gxh4! A master combination, as difficult to

meet in an actual game as it is to say

406

27J�xf2

hxg2-

There is nothing better. Mr. Dup:� rightly said that the struggle could :-: prolonged by 28.Ihg2, but that t!-.� game could not be saved: 28.llxg2 tLx:·: 29.'ii'f 2 llgs 30.h4 tt:Jxh4 3 ! .'iVxJ-..., l:tdg8 32.'i'xh6 �c6 33.a4 l4xg: 34...Q.xg2 l:txg2 3 S .'fff8+ Wb7 36.�e ­ f6! , threatening 37 .. J:tg7+ andwins. 28..Jbg2 29Jtxg21!g8

White resigns.

London 1883 23 7 Spanish Game

Chigorin Zu.kertort

London tournament, 26 April I 883 Notes by Zukertort 1 .e4 eS 2.li:lf3 l0c6 3..ib5 lLlf6

4.0·0 lLlxe4 5.d4 �e7 6.d5 lLld6 7..bc6 \"ew, but no improvement on the usual �ontinuations 7 .dxc6 or 7 .�e2.

7...dxc6 8.dxc6 \fter 8.lLlxeS cxdS 9 .il'xd5 �e6 and ; 0... 0-0, Black has the better developed 5ame.

game, but the defensive moves I S l0fd2 or I s .txe7 seem to be better. .

15...f3 16.'i'b5 Obviously overlooking the extreme danger of his position. ! 6.'i'e3 or 'i'c4 would be a little better, while 16.gxf3 leads to immediate loss with 1 6 ...AxeS

17.lLle6 'i'f6 19 .h I exf3 .

1 8.lLl(any)xcS il'g6+

16...'�Vc81 1 7.l:tfd1 �a6 18.'i'a4

I '

..t 'I'

'i' '

••

.! .. ... ...

.t

lLJ .t. .t. l2J ��� ��� 11 I;I xh3 (or 23 .Wg3) 23 ...'i'f3+ 24.Wh4 llf4+ etc. .

B...f61 9.cxb7 j.'fdS would be met with 9...bxc6 : o.'ti'xc6+ .id? l ! .'i'ds l:lb8 12.lLlc3 :6 etc.

. 9... bb710.Ae3 : :· I 0 .l0c3, I intended to proceed with

?reparing the advance of the f-pawn

21 ...l0h3+ 22.'iitxg2 lLlf4+ 23.'iin3 'i'h3+ 24.'iite4 .ib7+ 25.r�d4 lLle6+ 26.'iitc4 Of course, if 26.l:!.xe6, then equally

�:-�d e-pawn.

26...l:tf4+ etc.

12Ji'e2 f5 13.lLlb3 f4 14.�c5 e4 15.l0fd4 : do not think that White has any con­ :::mation which would equalise the

If28.l:te8+, Blackreplies best 28...'iitf7. 28...'i'h5+ 29.'ittc4l:lxd4+

: O...lLlfS, keeping the two bishops and � well-developed game. 10...0-0 11.lLlbd2 lLlf7

26...l:lf4+ 27.lLld4 lLlxc5 28.'ittxc5

White resigns. 407

Johannes Zukerton

2 3 8 Scotch Game

Threatening to capture the knight, ifthe pawn retake, to mate at f2.

Mortimer Zukertort

London tournament, 2 7 April 1883

Notes by Zukertort

1 .e4 eS 2.ttJf3 ttJc6 3.d4 exd4 4.ttJxd4 �cS S.i.e3 �f6 6.c3 ttJge7 7.i.c4 ttJeS 8.i.e2 'i'ig6 9.�f3 If 9.0-0, Black proceeds best with 9 ... d5. 9...0-0 1 O.ttJd2? ttJd3+ 11 .�f1 fS

If l l ttJxb2, then 1 2.'ii"c2. ...

12.exfS 14.ttJe4

ttJxfS

13.l!JxfS

�xfS

Of course not 14.�e4, for Black would mate in three moves, beginning with 1 4 .'it'xf2+!. ..

14...�xe3 1S.'it'xd3 i.b6 16Jld1 d6 17.'ir'd2 �e6 18.b3 h6 19.l!Jg3 'ir'f7 20.�g1 aS 21.h3 a4 22.c4 axb3 23.axb3 l:ta3 24.l:tb1 I

•• .t. • .t

a.:. :

30.:h2 :xf3 31.'ii'c2 l:Lf4 32.c:S 'ilt'xe4 33.'ili'xe4 l:Lxe4 34.cxbE c6 3S.f3 l:Le1 + 36.�2 :b37.�e3 ttxb6 38.l:ld2 dS 39.:d3 �7 40.�d4 �e6 41.f4 tb442.�e3 c5 43.�f3 c4 44J�e3�d6 4S.l:te8 c3 46.l:Ld8+ 't.e7 47.:xdS l:tc4 48.l:Ld1 bS 49.�e3 b4 SO.l:tf1 b3 Sht�d3 c2

White resigns. 2 3 9 Queen 's Gambit

Mason Zukertort

London tournament, 30 April l883

Notes by Zukertort

1 .c4 e6 2.e3 ttJf6 3.ttJf3 dS 4.0£ ge7 S.ttJc3 0-0 6.�d3 b6

•• 'ti' • •.

7.cxdS

24...'it'd712SJ:te1

The text move leads to decisive loss of material. but it is difficult to suggest any satisfactory rejoinder. If 2 5 .fll ,

or

from

1\ll.'xf6. There is nothing so very ex­

traordinary in reckoning so far ahead,

23.�el ll:lg7 24.g4 and White would have unlimited time to force a probably irresistibleattack 415

Johannes Zukertort

23.f51 Steinitz: An excellent rejoinder which

prepares, moreover, a very beautiful combination. 23 ...ttJe4 Steinitz: He had nothing better, for if 23 ...gxf5 the reply 24..axfs disorganises

his game. But it was evidently bad judge­ ment to resort to such a line of defence which freed the diagonal of a powerful, adverse bishop from two pawns that had previously blocked its action. 24.�xe4 dxe4

I £ J. :i .t. £::, £::, 1;,.

•

.. .t.

t::, .t. %1 'if

£::,

.t.

£

26.gxh7+ �h8 Zukertort: If 26 ... 'ifxh7, then, of cot::;.:.

27.l:%.g3+; if26 .. .'�xh7, then 27.!!:.:­ �gS 28.'it'h6. 27.d5+ e5 28.'iYb411

£::, £::,

:�

25.fxg6!

Undoubtedly of the highest or­ der ofplay as he was bound to calculate the sequence accurately from this point. But how bad Black's defence was on principle, and how little it could have been anticipated by any real master four moves ago, may be seen from the fact that White could also win here easily though not so elegantly by 25.d5, threatening Wd4, when the game might have proceeded 2S ... l:tc2 (if 2S ... e5 26.d6 'i!Yd7 27.fxg6 and wins) 2 6.'iYd4 e5 27.'ifxe4 with an irresist­ ible attack.

Steinitz:

25...llc2 Minchin: The excited spectators naturally thought that Zukertort had here lost a

piece and the game, but one confident believer in his skill at this point bet a 416

shilling that he would win the g.:.=:r-. not having the slightest conceptic:: the manner in which he could e5� from the apparently impending loss Zukertort: Notwithstanding its disasc :·:.. result, the text move constituted Bi� :J. only chance, for if he play 2S .. . b�·: White forces the game with 26.:;: 'iYg7 (if 26 ... 'iYh7 then 27.:f6. ·,,-_: ning, for if 27 .. J:lg7. then 28.l:h: : 26 ... 'iie 8, then 27 .'ifh6 l:lg7 28 . .:.::.. : If, at last, 26 ... �g7, then 27 .d5 - : · 28.d6) 27.d5 eS (or 27 . ..l:k2 28.'1h,:: l:txc2 29.�xg7 �xg7 30.dxe6 e:: 28.'Wgs l:te8 29.l:lf6 .

.t. J. .t.

K

'if £::, £::, � .1

'if £::, 1. .t. �

• £::, ,-

£::, £::, rl h7 or r.1ihS, :::ace follows in three moves) 32 ..llf6+ ;i.;hS (�h7) 3 3 JHS+(l:tf7+) r.1ih6 �+ . ..af4+ � moves 3 S .king-rook mates. 3iack had no saving move: 28 . . . .ll 2 c5, :::en 29.'iix e4lhd5 (best) 30.�xe5+ :xeS 3 l .'ti'xe5+ 'ifxeS 3 2 Jhe5 etc. ::· 28 ... nes, then 29.d6 'ife6 30.d7 7:C.

3 2 .'ife8+ �xh7 3 3 .l:lb3+ 'ii'h 6 34.\'Vf?+ Wh8 3 S .Uxh6 mate) 32.l:th3+ �g6 (32 .. .'ifh6 33.ti'e7+ �g8 (33...�g6 34.'ii'e6+ etc.) 34.l:tg3+ �h8 3 S .'iYe8+ etc; if 32 ... r.1ig8, then equally 33 . .llg 3+ etc.) 33.l:tg3+ �h7 (33 ...Wh6 34.'t:i'g5+ �h7 3S.l:th3+ etc.) 34.'ifhS+ and mates in two more moves. 29../it>xh7

Zukertorc: If 29 ...�xf8, White replies 30.�xe5+ Wxh7 3 l .'li'xe4+ and mates in four moves. 30.'it'xe4+ g7 31.gxe5+ �xf8

·-�'nchin: When Zukertort played l:le3 at

.-.is 2 1 st move, he had calculated that : �L.l:le8 was Black's best move, and :.ad prepared the continuation 29.d6 ::c. In chat case, so lost is the position ::tat 29J:tf8+ would equally win but :-. Jt so rapidly.

l .i.

1

�

'tW

• � . -

.i � l

� � � :1

A

I!

�� i:i �

29.l:tf8+1

. �:nchin: On this move, Mr. Sceinitz re­ :::arks in Turf, Field and Farm, 'In con�nction with White's previous play, :::is forms one of the most noble corn­ - ::utions conceived over the chess­ . Jard,' a remark as honourable to the . : mmentator as eo his great rival. : _iertort: The shortest and, I may say, the � �ettiest line of play, but White wins : :_ually with 29.'tWxe4 l:hb2 30.tlf8+! :;: xf8 3 l .�xe5+ �xh7 (3 J . . . 'li'g7

32,gg7+1

Steinitz: A worthy finish to one of the most brilliant games on record. Our final verdict on this game is, how­ ever, that it stands superior eo the cel­ ebrated game between Morphy and Paulsen, for the reason, in the first place, that the present one was played under time limit, which makes the exactitude of Zukertort's combina­ tion all the more meritorious. In the next place, it is certain that Zukertort never at any point of this game had the worst of the position, and this cannot be said of Morphy's game against Paulsen. We may mention by the way, without entertaining the least doubt, chat in both these games the sacrificing player had fully calcu417

Johannes Zukenort

lated the result of this combination, that anyhow, both Morphy and Zukertort had an obvious and easy draw to fall back upon in case they detected any flaw in their reckonings. But, we think that it is altogether an exaggeration to place this game on a par as has been at­ tempted, with the well-known 'immor­ tal game· between Anderssen and Kieseritzky in which occurs almost a continuity of brilliancies, every one of which bears the stamp of intuitive ge­ nius, that could have been little assisted by calculations, as the combination point arises only at the very end of the game with a final sacrifice of the queen after Anderssen had already given up two rooks and a bishop. 32..5�g8 33.'fgxe7

Black resigns. 243 Vienna Game

Zukertort Bird

London tournament, I 0 May 1883

Notes by Zukenort

1 .e4 e5 Vbc3 i.cS 3.f4 d6 4.tt.Jf3 tt.Jf6 5.�c4 �e6 6.�xe6 fxe6 7.fxe5 dxe5 8.'ti'e2

If 8.tLlxe5, Black recovers the pawn with 8 .. .gd4 9.tt.Jf3 �xc3 I O.bxc3 tt.Jxe4. 8...tt.Jc6 9.'tli'c4

Better than 9.'ir'b5 'iVd6! 1 O.'ilxb7 l:tb8 1 1 .'ii'a6 h:tb6 1 2 .'it'e2 ( 1 2.�a4 nb4) 1 2 ... 0-0 with a fine developed game. 9...�e7 10.tt.Jg5 tt.Jd4 tt.Jxe4!?

1 1 .tt.Jb5

A trap: Black's best course would be 1 1 ...0-0-0 l2.d3 (if 1 2.tt.Jxd4, then 1 2 . . . lhd4) 1 2 . . . tt.Jxb 5 1 3 .'ilhb5 tt.Jg4. 418

K j. j. i

•

...

j. ttJ .t j. ���

���� n .i w

K ii

tU �� a:

1 2.tt.Jxc7+1

Of course not 1 2.tt.Jxe4 on account 1 2 ... 'i'Vh4+, and if I 3 .tLlg3, tr-�: 1 3 ... tt.Jf3+ etc. 1 2...Wd7 Playing, I suppose, under the idea t::e l %txh4 etc.) 1 8 ....td6 1 9.�e3 %tc4 20.Ufl b5 2 l .a3 aS etc.

18.�e3 20.q.,g2

.l:l.he8 l:tde8

19.:tae1 l:le7 21.i.d4 �xc2 421

johannes Zukertort

22.lbe7 %txe7 23.l:txe7 �xe7 24.i..xg7 b5 25.lbe2 .id6 Necessary to prevent White from con­ tinuing with 26.lbg3, and, if26 ...�g6, then 27 .f4.

26.a3 Black threatened 26 ... b4 and 27 ...�bl.

26...c5 27.lbg3 �g6 28.�3 �d7 29.�e3 �e6 30.f4 c4 31.�f6 as 32.lbe2 b4 33.axb4 axb4 34.wf3 One ofMr. Winawer's 'wily' stratagems. White threatens now 35.f5+, winning a piece if 3 5 ...�xf5, and mating, if 35 ... �xf5, with 36.lbd4.

34..5i;>d5 35.we3 c3! 36.bxc3 b3

247 Queen's Pawn Game

Zukertort Englisch London tournament, 2 1 May 188�

Notes by Zukertort

1.lbf3 d5 2.d4 e6 3.e3 c5 4..i.el

White may also proceed with 5 ..ib2, and 6...td3.

�

:

..

4...lbf6 5.0·0 lbc6 6.b3 � 7..tb2 0-0 8.c4 cxd4? 9.exd4 Ill 10.lbbd2 After the exchange ofpawns on the � vious move, White has to develor ·_:,. queen's knight to d2 for two reas::. for the protection of his c-pawn, ar.,: · keep clear the c-file for his rooks.

10...�b7 1U�c1 Uc8 12�d3laE

'

·�

l i. .t �· � �

.i. • � ttJ

' 37.�d2 Of course, a mistake which is immedi­ ately fatal. but White would but pro­

long the contest, without averting the defeat, with 3 7 .c4+ �xc4 38.�b2 �d3 39.lbg3 (if 39 .lbd4, then 39 ...�c5 40.�al �bl 4l .�b2 �g6 42.i..a l .ia3 etc. Or 39.lbcl �c5+ 40.)i;>d2 i.b4+ 4 l .�e3 �fs 42.lbe2 .tg4 43 .lbd4 Ac3) 39 ... -tcS+ 405.t>d2 .td4 4l .�cl (if 4l. .�xd4 Wxd4 42.�cl, then 42 ... )i;>c3) 4l ...Ae3+ 42.�dl �c2+ 43.� moves �d4 44.�xd4 'lt>xd4 4Htid2 �d3 46.'tPcl �c3.

37...wc4! 38.f5 ..txf5 White resigns.

422

Black now begins to concentrate .:..._ forces to an attack against an unas� able point, White's c-pawn, and . course, all his preparations must re _: in loss oftime and position.

13.l:te1 Threatening to win a pawn \\-. :.: 14.cxd5 �xd3 15.dxc6 �b5 1 6 . .:.-:= 'ife8 ( 1 6 ... �d6 1 7.a4) 1 7.'\i'£3.

13...lba5 1 3 ... dxc4 would be better.

14.'ife2 �b4 15.a3 .td6 Obviously overlooking the oppone::: · reply : he should have captured :::.: knight, thus preventing further loss : · time.

' .i. i -

London 1 8 83

16.c51 �xd3 17.'\i'xd3 SiLf4 .-\fter 1 7 ...bxcS 1 8.dxc5 �xcS, White would win a piece with 1 9 .b4. It would have been better, however, to retire the bishop at once to b8 - compare Black's 19th move.

18.llc2 ttJc6 19.b4 ttJe7 20.b5 it.b8 21.a4 ttJg6 22.cxb6 Premature: I ought to have doubled the rooks and played the bishop to a3 first.

22 ...'ihb6 2 2 . . . axb6,

recommended by Mr. Steinitz, would be better, but it would :10t equalise the game, for White's su­ ?eriority of pawns on the queen's wing ;hould finally tell.

23.SiLa3 �d6 24.a5 'ti'b8 25.�c5 ttJd7 26.l:lec1 ttJe7 27.ttJb3 lUeS 28.g3 h6 29.�xd6 'ifxd6 30.ttJc5 tLlf8 31.ttJe5 f6 32.ttJc6 ttJxc6 33.ttJb7 'ifb4 \"ecessary to prevent White from open­ :ng an attack against the weak a-pawn, �fter the capture of the knight.

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34.bxc6 e5 35.Itc5? weak continuation which jeopardises ·.::e decisive advantage already secured. ·.'."bite had an easy win after 3 5.dxe5 :xeS 36.f4 Itel + 3 7 Jhel 'ifxe l + : �.i9g2 'it'e4+ (if 3 8... 'ii'e6, then : � .fS. forcing the exchange of queens : the gain of the d-pawn, for if : ; . . .'tlt'f7, then 40.tLld6, and if �.

39 ...W'e5, then 40.l:le2) 3 9.'ifxe4 dxe4 40.tLld6 Itc7 4 1 .tLlb5 l:lc8 42.c7 (or 42.tLlxa7 l:l.c7 43.tLlb5 llc8 44.c7 tLle6 45.a6 etc.) 42 ...tLle6 43.f5 a6 44.fxe6 axbS 45.a6.

35...exd4 36.tLld6 36.llb5 would probably have led to a draw, e.g. 36.Itb5 lle 1 + (Black's only resource: if 36 ...'ifa4, then 3 7 .tLld6; if 36 ..."ir'e7, then 37.'ifxd4 a6 38.llxd5, and White will easily force the gain of the a-pawn) 37.'i�tg2 'iVxbS 38.'Wxb5 l:txcl 39."it'xd5+ h7 40.tLld8 tLlg6 4 1 .'ii'd 7 (or 4 1 .'ii'xd4 tLleS etc.) 4 1 ...llxd8 (if 4 l ...Ita8, then 42.tLle6) 42.'ii'xd8 Itxc6 43.'ifxd4 Itc7.

36...l:te1 + 37.l:lxe1 �xe1 + 38.�g2 'ife71 39.ttJxc8 �xc5 40.'ii'a 6 If 40.'We2, intending 4 1 .'We8, then 40 ...wf7. ttJ

i 'if £::.

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40...d3 He should have played 40.. .'ii'c2, as recommended by Mr. Steinitz. White has different continuations but none, I think, would effect more than a draw, e.g. 40 ... 'ii'c2 (best - any king move loses, e.g. 40 ... f7 or �h7, then 4 1 .tLlxa7; if 40 . . .'�>h8, then 41 ...,b7 d3 42.'iff7 d2 (42 ...'ifxc6 43.tLle7 'ii'e6 44.tLlg6+) 43.tLle7 'it'xe7 44.'ii'xe7 d l � 4S.'i!Vxf8+ �h7 46.c7. If 40 ... tLle6, then 41 .'iix a7) 4 1 .tLld6 (if 423

johannes Zukertort

4 l .ltJe7+ �h8 42.ltJxd5, then 42 ...'iYe4+ 43.�gl 'iYxdS 44.c7 d3 45.c8'if d2!) 4 l ...d3 42.'ifxa7 d2 43.�£7+ c;f;h7 44.c7 d l 'fi (44 ...�xc7 45.'iixc7 d! 'i�V 46.lLle8 ltJe6 47.lLlxf6+ (47 .�£7 lLlf4+ 48.gxf4 'ifg4+ and draws) 47 .. .c � g6 48.'ifeS ltJgS 49.lLlxd5 'iff3+ SO .�fl 'i!Ydl + etc.) 45.c8'ir' 'iYxc8 46.ltJxc8 ltJg6 (Black threatens 47 ... 'ifg4) 47.ltJe7 ltJxe7 (he might draw at once with 47 ... lLlf4+) 48.'ii'xe7 d4 49.a6 etc.

47.'ir'b5! 'fixb5 48.c8'i¥+ i;f7 49.'ir'xe6+ xe6 50.ltJc7+ �e5 51.ltJxb5 a6 If 5 l ... aS, White would win a:·:-::

52.�f2 and 53.�e3 etc.

52.f4+ �e4 53.ltJd6+ �d3 54.ltJb7 �e3 55.f5 9;e2 56.g.' �e3 57.'1t>g3 �e2 58.lLla5 This and my next move were superf·.:·

ous. 58...�e3 59.ltJb3 �e2

41.'fixd3 'fixa5 42.lLle7+ �f7 43.ltJxd5

Threatening 44.'iYc4. 43...'ifc5 44.c7'iWc6

If 44...ltJe6, then 4S.'it'b3, followed by the same continuation as in the text. 45.f3

Arthur O'Neill points out in the Glasgow Herald that White had here an immediate win with 4S.'ii'c3 'Yi"xdS+ 46.'iff3 'iWd7 47.'ifb7!

Mr.

45...ltJe6 46.'Wb3

--

60.h3

For after 60.ltJd4+ Wd3 6 l .ltJe6 a: White obviously dare not capture �-= g-pawn. The advance of the pawn :.:. two moves instead ofone is well-time:: for White forces thereby the position : :· the hostile king, which he requires f: : the final manoeuvre. 60...�e3 61.h4 �e2 62.Wf4 � 63.g5 h5

I 46 ...�e8

Black must provide against the threat­ ened continuation 47.ltJf4. If 46 ... g5, White wins with 47.'it'd3 c;f;g7 48.ltJe7 'ii'xc7 49.'�g6+ ..ti>f8 SO.'ifxf6+ �e8 S l .ltJfS 'ti"d7 52.'ilfxh6 aS 53.'ti'h8+ ..ti>f7 (53 ... ltJf8 S 4. 'it'hS + '1t>d8 ss.'ii'x gS+) 54.'ti'h7+ �e8 ss ...Wg8+ ltJf8 56.'ti"xg5 a4 57.g4 etc. 424

Or 63 ...fxg5+ 64.hxg5 hxg56S.�xg5 We3 (f3,g3) 66.�g6 'itf� 67.ltJaS �e4 68.ltJc6 'oti>f4 69.lLle7 a: 70.�xg7 a4 7 l .f6 a3 72.£7 (72.ltJdS­ winsequally) 72 ... a2 73.f8('ir')+. 64.gxf6 gxf6 65.lLlc51 Wg2 Or 65 ...aS 66.ltJe4+ �e 1 67 .ltJxf6 a.;. 68.ltJd5 a3 69.lLlb4 �d2 70.[6 �c�

7 1 .£7 etc.

66.ltJxa6 68.ltJe4

Black resigns.

c;f;h3

67.lLlc5

Wxh4

London 1 8 83

248 Spanish Game

Englisch Zukertort

London wurnament, 29 May 1883

:--Iotes by Zukertort

1.e4 e5 Vof3 tt:\c6 3.�b5 tt:\f6 4.d3 d6 5.tbc3 g6 6.h3 �g7 7.�e3 �d7 8.�d2 h6 9.0-0 lOgS .'."-:ak. I should have played 9 ... g s . fol­ ·.,·ed by ... tbe7 and ... tbg6. The text

19.tbb3 Extremely weak: White had two contin­ uations. 1 9 .tbf5 or 1 9.l:tdf!. either of which would secure him the superior game.

1 9...�f8 20..ixh6?

-:·. J,·e causes all but irreparable loss of · .::1e and position.

1 O.d4 exd4 11 .tbxd4 tbge7

20...tbxg2! 21 J:txg2 If 2 l..�xf8, then 2 I ...'ifh4. and Black will draw at least.

21 ..J:txg2 22.Wxg2 'i¥h4 23.�g5

12Jiad1 .. this is played by Herr Enghsch with :1summate knowledge of the open­ :·.�. l 2.f4 would be very inferior. for : . �ck would reply 1 2 .. .fs. and later on - �'tie on the king's side with a well-de7:oped game. ·

12...tbe51 3.i.e2 -:·. .: best reply. If 1 3 .f4. Black would �,dy improve his position with : . . . �xbS l 4 . (either) tt:lxbS tt:lc4 �.'We! tt:lxe3 l 6.'ili'xe3 a6.

13 ...g5 14.f4 gxf4 15.�xf4 t07g6 16.�e3 tbh4 17.l:tf2 lig8 18/�h1 c6

:�,;paring the retreat of the king's · . >hop, which is necessary to open the � -:-ile. Black dare not play at once � . . . i.f8 . for White would reply :,_·2.ds.

After 23 .'We3 �xh6 24.�g3 �xg3+ 2S.�xg3, Black would win easily with 25 . . .'�e7 26Jthl �e3 etc.

23...'i\Yxh3+ 24.Wg1

If 24.Wf2. Black mates with 24 ...'ii'h2+ 2S.�e3 (if 2S .Wfl or �e 1 Black mates in two moves) 2 5 . . . ifg3+ 26.�d4 c5+ 27 .tbxc5 dxcS+ 2 8 . �dS i. mates. .

24...'t/ig3+ 25.�h1 'ifh3+ 26.�g1 �g3+ 27.Wh1 tbg4 28.�xg4 £xg4 29.t1f1 �f3+ 30J�xf3 llfxf3+ 31 .'iYg2 'fkh5+ 32.f7 48.�xe7 xe7 49.�t: Wd6 50.�d4 and Black must play fo� � draw. 47.i.xe7 xe7 48.'iite2 49.wf3 �e5

� e6

A futile attempt to escape with a drawn battle, but he had no satisfac­

tory reply, for he dare not take nor protect the pawn, e.g. 3 8 . exf5 (38.tt:ld2 fxe4 39 . tt:lxe4 Uf8) 38 ... .l:le l + 39.�g2 'fl'hl+ 40.'�g3 .l:lgl + 4 I .�f2 .l:lfl+. 38...dxc5 39.'it'd3+ �e7

3 9 ... Wc8 would not lead to a draw, but unnecessarily prolong the game, viz: 39 ... Wc8 40.'it'd6 'ii'e7 4 1 .'iib8+ Wd7 42.'iYxb7+ cJr>e6 43.'ii'xc6+ f3 a4 55.h7 ('iff8) 2 9 .�xe6) 28.'�xfS and recovers the rook with two pawns to the good. 23.d5 exd5 24J�xd5 'ti'b6 25.'it'g3 �g7 26J:td6 '+Wc5 27J1ed1 llbe8 427

]ohannes Zukertort

Black dare not attempt to win the ex­ change with 2 7 ....ieS, on account of 2 8 Jhg6+ fxg6 29 .'iWxg6+ �g 7 30.�d5+, winning the queen or mat­ ing. 28.�d5 ..,c2 29.�c4 Wh7 30J�6d2 1ff5 31.'flc7 �c3 32J�d3 Intending to continue with 3 3 .A£3 and avoiding the trap 3 2 ..ixf7? :lc8!, I missed, however, the strongest continu­ ation which would secure at least the gain of a pawn, viz: 3 2.:ld7, for if 3 2 ...Wg7, then 3 3 ..ixf7 . 32...�g7 33.:ld5 3 3 .a4 would be best, I think. Of course, if33.l::t£3?, then 3 3 ...'fic2!. 33...'iYf6 The right reply, which threatens the continuation ... l:le7 or ...'iYh4 accord­ ingly. If 3 3 ... 'ii'c2?, then 34.l:l5d2 and 35.'ii'xa7. 34.'tWxa7 If now 34.l:ld7, then 34...'ifh4 35.�gl .ieS! 36.lhf7+ �h61 37.:lh7+ �gs and wins. 34 ....l:ta8 35.'ifc5 .llxa2 36.b4

.! , ... .

'if : �� •

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250 Italian Game Noa Zukertort London tournament, 5 June 1883

Notes by Zukertort

!::. !::. �

36...l:tc2? Obviously a mistake. Black could not equalise the game with 3 6 . . . :lc 8 3 7 .l:txh5+ gxhS (or 3 7 . . .�h6 38 ..llxh6+ 'itt>g 7 (38 ... r;Pxh6 39.'it'e3+ . �g7 40.�xa2) 39.' .e3 l:txc4 40.:lh3 428

l:lf4 4 1 .Uf3 etc.) 3 8.'iYxh5+ ;i; � ! 39.�xa2, and if 3 9 . . . Uc2, t::�.: 40.l:td8+ 'Wxd8 (40 ....1f8 4 I .'i'g .;.­ 'ii'g7 42 ..ixf7+ Wxf7 43.'ir'f5+ e:: 4 l .'ili'xf7+ �h7 42.'iff5+ .;:: : 43 .'it'xc2. 37.l::txh5+ Wg8 Of course, if 3 7 ... gxh5, then 38.�c:­ etc. 38.l::th 3 .l:tc3 39.l::txc3 'i!t'xcl 40.b5 Af6 41.b6 'itt>g 7 42.b7 :hi 43.�g1 Ae5 44.'ifd5 .ih245.�f1 'iff6 46.'Wxf7+1 'lixf7 47.Axt7 wxf7 After 47 ....ib8 48 ..l:td7, White's vict : :­ is only a question of time, non,-:::: . standing the bishops of oppo$::� colours. Black cannot guard sufficier.:... his weak pawn and at the same ti::"c: prevent White from forcing with rc•:oi and king the gain of a piece for :.::..: b-pawn. 48.g3 �xg3 49.fxg3 �e6 50.'1Pg2 l:tb8 51.l:tb1 '1Pf5 52.;13 �g5 53..llb5+ '1Pf6 54.�g4 �g7 55.h7 56.l%b6 �g7 57.l::txg6+ '1Pf7 58.Ub6 Black resigns.

1 .e4 e5 Vt:lf3 tt:lc6 3.�c4 .ic5 4.d3 lt:lf6 5.tt:lc3 d6 6..te3 .ib6 7.'i!i'd2 'i!i'e7 8.�g5 Aa5 9.a3 h6 10.�e3 �e6 11 .�b5 0-0 12.h3 lt:ld713.b4 1 3 .g4 was more to the purpose. 13...�b6 14.�xc6 bxc6 15.lt:le2 Again, I would prefer g4. 1 5...f5 16.exf5 :txf5 17.lt:lh2 d5

London

1 883

Here I missed a very promising con­ tinuation, viz. 1 7 . . . cS followed by ... �dS.

36...t:Llc7 37.d6. 1 7...d4118.a5

I f 1 8 .cxd4, then 1 8 ... ltlxb4, and 1 9...Ld4 or exd4 accordingly. 18...dxc3 19.axb6 cxd2 20.l:ted1 cxb6 21 J:bd2 l:thd8

The safest continuation, but I might have taken the b-pawn at once, e.g. 2 l ...ttJxb4 22.lla4 aS 23 .l:txb4 axb4 24.l:txd3 l:ta3 2S.l:td2 (or 2S.l:td5 b3 26.l:txe5+ �d6 27.l:tb5 �c6 28.ktb4 �cS) 2S ...b3 26.l:tb2 l:tc8 etc.

Mlkhail Chigorln

22.l:!b2 b5

If22 ... J:td4, then 23.b5!.

23.J:te1 l:!d4 24.l:te3 25.J:td2 �c4 26.J:[f3 ttJd4

J:txb4

36 ... cot;>b6 would have won quicker, for nothing could stop the a-pawn.

K

£

32 ...a5 33.J:tg6 a4 34.lhg7+ Wd6 35.J:td7+ wcs 36.lLle6+ �xe6

£

•

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£

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£ tt:J � � 11 ��

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37.�xe6 J:txe4 38.h5 J:th8 39.g4 a3 40.Ud2

If 40.l:txb7, then 40 ... a2 4 l .�xa2 l:txg4+ 42.�fl l:txh5 etc. 40...b4 41.f3 l:tc41 42.l:!d5+ �c6 43.l:ta5 b5

Threatening to win the rook with 44...�b6. 44.Ua6+ C(t;>b7 45.�xc4

27.l:!g3

Which loses the exchange, but White must try to get some attack at any price, for a quiet line of play in face of the ad­ verse three pawns would lead to a speedy collapse. 27...ltle2+ 28.J:txe2 .txe2 29.�f5 l:!g8 30.llg6 �c4 31.J:tb6 J:tb8 32.ltlg5 32.l:tg6 I intended to meet with 32 ...�f7

33.l:txg7 l:tg8, forcing the exchange.

1:1

£

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•

£ £�

£

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431

Johannes Zukerrort

45...�xa6 Equally decisive would be 4S ... bxc4 46.lla4 b3 47 .l:txc4 ( 47 .l:txa3 b2) 47 ... a2 48.1:ta4 b2 etc.

46.�b3

Quitting the beaten track: White get>

now, like frequently in the Lopez. =. short-lived attack which has no chanc� ofsuccess against a careful defence.

11 .�xa4+ ltJd7

Or 46 . .ia2 b3 47.�xb3 WaS etc.

46 ...'�b6 47.'�f2 l:ta8 48.�a2 b3 49.�xb3 a2 50.�xa2 l:txa2+ 51.�e3 b4 52.h6 .rth2 White resigns.

252 Spanish Game

Steinitz Zukertort London tournament, 7 June 1883

Notes by Zukertort 1.e4 e5 2.lbf3 lLlc6 3.�b5 a6 4.�a4 lLlf6 5.d3 d6 6.c3 g6

12.h4 With this and the next two mo,·e� White creates a block on the king's side. thus preventing the breaking up of hi� centre by the advance of Black's f-pawn The manoeuvre has, however, also it, disadvantages: it secures Black agains: any attack on the king's side, while i: weakens White's king's flank consider­ ably.

12 ... h6 13.h5 g5 14.g4 lLlc8 15.�e3 .ie7 Far better than I 5 .. .1t.g7. where the .

7.d4 First played by Rosenthal against me in the tenth match game, I 880.

7...b5 Herr Englisch recommends here 7 ... �d7: the move has the merit ofsim­ plifying matters.

8..1t.c2 .ib 7 After 8 ...exd4 9.cxd4, White's centre pawns might prove later on rather weak, bm White would have more than an equivalent in position by the posses­ sion of the open c-file.

9.d5 lLle7 1 O.a4 bxa4 432

bishop would be perfectly out of plar while from e7 it can be brought into action over d8, as actually happens later on.

1 6.ltJbd2 0-0 17.�c2 Mr. Steinitz proposes in his annotations to this game I 7 .lLlc4 instead of the text move. The move may be better, but White would derive no advantage from it, e.g. 1 7 .ltJc4 ltJcb6 I 8.lLlaS �c8 I 9.ltJc6 ._,e8 20..ic2 ttJf6 2 I .ttJh2

�d7 or 2 l ... ltJc4.

1 7...c6 18.c4 lLlcb6 19.ltJg1 'f/c7 20.b3 l:tfc8

London I 883

Threatening to continue after 2 l ...cxd5 22.exd5, with 22...loxd5. 21.dxc6 23.lLlc3

I

'ii'xc6

•

2Vbe2

a5

33 ...c3 34.'i#'e3 gas

*

.i. � .i. .l .. 'ti' .l .l .l .l ,l !j, !j, !j, � � CiJ A � CiJ � 'iY� l:l r!

i

23 ...a4?

Premature: the preparatory move 23 ....2.d8 would be preferable. 24.tt:Jxa4

Mr. Steinitz rightly points out that he might have played 24.b4, for if 24 ...lLlxc4, then 25.lLld5! and 26 ..txa4. 24...tt:Jxa4 25.bxa4 �d8! 26.0-0 �a5 27.'iie2

Mr. Steinitz asserts that 2 7 J:tc I would have maintained his numerical superi­ ority, but I think that this is an error, as the following continuation shows: 27.llcl .ta6 28.gd3 (if 28.�b3, then 2 8 ... �xd2 29 .�xd2 'iVxe4 30.f3 'ifc6 3 1 .Ucdl tt::lcS etc.) 28 ...�xd2 29.�xd2 (29.'ifxd2 �xa4 etc.) 29 ... tt::lc5 and Black recovers the pawn, whatever White play. 27....txd2 28.�xd2 29..id3 'iVe6 30.f3 tt::lc5

'ti'xc4

30 ...�a6 would have simplified matters more than I wished. 31 ..ixc5 dxc5 32.l:tfb1 c4l

Of course, 3 2 ... �a6 would secure the draw, but the text move was promising in every respect, and it complicated matters to my advantage. 33..ic2

After 33 .l:txb7 'ilt'd6 (threatening 34...�d4+) 34.l:tdl l:td8, Black gets a well advanced and suffictently pro­ tected passed pawn, while White's a-pawn is hardly defensible.

K

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35.l:tb6

It would be worse than useless to attack the pawn. e.g. 35J�b3 (if 35 laa3. then equally 3S ...'ti'd6) 35 ... �d6 36.l:taa3 (after 36.lhc3 l:txc3 37.�xc3, Black wins the bishop with 37 .. Jlc8 38.�b2 'ifcS+) 36 ... 'ii'd2 3 7 .'ii'f2 (after 37.'ifxd2 cxd2 38 ..2.di, Black wins with 38 ...l:tcl) 37 ...ge2, and Black must win. 35 ...llc6 36.a5 �ace 37.\tlf2 'ifc4 38..tb3 'ii'd4 39.�d5 l:txb6 40.axb6 c2 41 .�xd4

Some commentators have asserted that White ought to have played at once 4 1 J:tc I , but Black would then win speedily with 4 1... '1llft'b2 (threatening 42...1:tc3 and 43 ...Vxb6+ etc.) : A) 42.Wg3 l:tc3 43 .'i#'e I �a3 44.iVh I ..ie2; B) 42.dl �g3 60.�g8 lhh7 6 1 .tlxg5+ �f2. 50.f6 5 2...f5 5 3.gxf5 (53.1:tal fxg4 54Jh7+ �f7; continued as in the text - compare Black's 58th move.) 5 3 .. •�f6, and 434

54 ... �xf5 , would again have sa·;:-: time. 53J1g2 �e5 54J:tg1 f5 55Jia1 The only resource which prolongs ::.: contest, for after 5 5 .gxf5 �xfS 5 6 . .:.t:: Black wins at once with 5 6 ... g4 c.:-. : 5 7 . . .�g5. 55...fxg4 56J1a5+ �6 57J1a6Wg7 58.Ua7+ l:tf7 59.l:!a4 g3 60.l:tg4 :t4 61 .l:txg3 .tth4 Good enough, but the straight road : victory was 6 l . ..�f6 62.tlg I �fS etc. 62.�f2 .Uxh5 63J:la3 :h1 64.l'.ta6 l:tb1 65.�g3 .ttb4 66.:.c6 l:te4 67.l:ta6 h5 68..ttb6 h469.Wh3 ltf4 70.l'.ta6 tUG 71.:aa �g6 72..1Ig8+ h5 73J�h8� lth6 74.l:tg8 l'.th71 75.l:ta8 g4+ 76.Wg2 .tlf7 77.tth8+ �g5 78J:tg8+ �f4 79.�h8 h3+ 80.Wh2

80...�f3 Threatening an immediate win witl: 8 l ...g3+ 8V�hl (or 82.'�xh3 g� 83.�h2 �£2. If 82.�gl , then 82...h283.�hl g2+ 84.Wxh2 �£2) 82. ..�C 83Jtg8 g2+ 84.�h2 �fl 85.l:tg6 l'.tf2 Nevertheless, the threat is easily obvi­ ated, while 80 . . .l:f5 would force the game against any play. Compare the next note. 81J�g8 11f5 82J1g7 �f4 83.11g8 l.tf7

London 1 8 83

A successful attempt

w shorten the fight, but the win could only be forced with 83 . . J�;(eS 84.�f8+ �g S 8S.Ug8+ Wh4 86.�h8+ J:thS 87 .l:l.g8 l1h7 88.lig6 l:la7 and wins.

84.ttg6

For White could now compel Black to adopt the line of play just examined by playing the rook to any square on the 8th row. 84 ... l:ta7 85.1:lf6+ �g5 86JU2 '1Ph4 87J:tf1 l:ta4 88.l:tb1 g3+ 89.Wh1 h2

This exchange gives White a crushing superiority of numbers on the queen's side, which must decide the contest be­ fore Black can make any use of his strong centre. 21.dxc5 lt::lb8

If2l ...lt::lc 6, then 22.b4. 22.tt:Je5f6

After 2L .lbbc6 23.lt::lxc6 lt::lxc6 (23 .. Jhc6 24.�c3 ) , I intended to pro­ ceed with 24.b4, for Black dare not take the pawn on account of25.'\Wc3 !.

White resigns.

i 2 5 3 Queen's Pawn Game

& 1�1 ii � i ttJ

Zukertort Blackburne

-

London tOurnament, I I June 1883

� � l:l

Notes by Zukerton

1 .d4 e6 2.lt::lf3 lbf6 3.e3 d5 4.�d3

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•

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�� �

The hostile cl-pawn being already ad­ vanced, I played the bishop to d3 in ac­ cordance with my views on the devel­ opment in close games, given previ­ ously in my annotations to this collection.

The capture of the knight would be im­ mediately disastrous, e.g. 2 3 . . . fxeS 24.c7 Vd7 or 24. . .'�e7 2S .cxb8'fl �xb8 26.l:k7 and 2 7.'ifxe5 or gxeS accordingly.

4..,ge7 5.0-0 0·0 6.b3 c5 7..2.b2 lbc6 8.lbbd2 I developed the knight to d2, deter­

The right reply: 24..ic3 would lose a piece by 24 ..d4!

mined to fight the whole battle on the queen's side.

23.c61l:tc7

24.�d2 .

24...fxe5 25.'i¥xa5 'ilea

8...cxd4 9.exd4 b6 1 O.c4 Aa6

If 2 S ... lt::lxc6, then 26.'iVa4, winning the knight.

The commencement of a futile attack, and nearly identical with the line of play adopted by Herr Englisch against me- cf. game 247.

Black dare not play 26 . . .!hc6, for White would then force the win with 2 7 .1Wxa7.

11 .l:te1 .l:rc8 1 2.l::tc1 lt::la5 1 3.t:be5 .2.b4? 14.c5l �xd3 1 5.�xd3 gxd2 1 6 .'ihd2 tt::le4 17.�e3 Uea 18.f3 tt::lf6 19.nc2 tt:Jd7 20.l:tec1 bxc5

26.�xe5l:tf7

27.gxb8 �xb8 28.c7 �ea 29.'fWxa7 e5 30J�c5 e4 31 .l:1b5 :ana 32.l:tb8 'ir'd7 33J:lxe8 l::txea 34.'i¥a4 �xa4 35.bxa4 l:1c8 36.fxe4 dxe4 435

Johannes Zukertort

37.wf2

1 5.c3! tLlf4

The Field gives the prettier conclusion:

37.a5 �f7 38.a6 d2, Black mates in two moves) 43 ...�e4+ 44.Wa2 l:ta4+ 4S.g6 I L�e3 Wh7 1 2."ifd3 tbge7 1 3 .0-0 tDb4 14.'i.Vd2 ds I S.exds .2.fs etc. 9.�c4+ Wg7 1 1 .0-0! ttJxd4

10.�xf4

"i¥f6?

Tour of U.S.A. 1 8 8 3 - 1 8 84

If l l .. .'ihd4+, then 1 2 .'it'xd4+ t2lxd4 1 3.j)_es+ and wins. 12.tt::Jd5 lbf3+ 1 3Jbf3 �c5+ 1 4..ie3 .ixe3+ 1 5.J:be3 'it'xh4 1 6.�d4+ tt::Jf6 17.:lf1 �f8 18.g3 �g5 1 9..l:lf5 'i\Yh6 20.1:e1 d6

I .i. .\ .\ .\

K

• .\ .. 'if .\ ttJ 11 .\ ��� � £:... £::. £:... li � At last! An Allgaier Gambit without the d-pawn being moved must be hopeless. Black's game was in a desperate state immediately after his 6th move, and the subsequent ingenious skirmish of very little avail. 21Jhf6! l:xf6 22Jif1 c5 23.'Wc3 .ifS The only move to be able to hold out a few more moves. 24.lhf5 l:tf8 25.t:Dxf6 .:txf6 26.J:lxf6 �xf6 27.'it'xf6+ wxf6 285ft>f2 Black resigns. If 28 ...�e5, then 29.We3, followed by 30.�d5 etc.

2 5 8 Dutch Defence Zukertort Simonson I 2 board blindfold exhibition, Manhattan Chess Club. I 0 November 1883

Nores by Hoffer

1.d4 f5 2.e3 e6 3.lt:Jf3 t:Df6 4.ge2 d5 5.0-0 Ad6 6.c4 c6 7.b3 tt::Jbd7 a.gb2 t:Dg4 9.t:Dbd2 h5

Too violent at this early stage. The game is not sufficiently developed for a coun­ ter attack, the previous move might have been dispensed with advanta­ geously. 1 O.l:le1 In order to bring the knight to fi for the defence of the h-pawn to make room for the king's knight, so as to be able to attack the adverse knight with f3, and at the same time support the subsequent advance of the e-pawn, after the bishop at e2 is removed. 1 o...gs 1 1 .tt:Jt1 1Wts 12.tt:J3d2 t:Dta 1 3.f3 'ii'h6

E .i. . .. .I .\ .\ .\ .i. .t. 'if .t. .t. .\ .t.

-

£:...

� ii l:l

£:... £:...

..

£:... £:... tt:J i. � � � : ttJ �

14.�d3 Without doubt, in a single-handed en­ counter Mr Zukertort would not have hesitated to capture the offered piece. But it can hardly be expected that a blindfold player, who has eleven other games to attend to, should venture to submit to such a powerful attack which necessarily must ensue from Black's sacrifice. White has a good game, and leaves nothing to chance. If J 4.fxg4, then obviously 14 ...hxg4 and the only move for White to escape then would be I S.�d3. Among the numerous vari­ ations at the disposal of Black the most promising would be 1 5 . . . gxh 2 + 16.Wf2 �4+ 1 7 .�e2 Ag3 1 8 .tt:Jxg3 ,..xg3 1 9 J:tg I f4 2 0.exf4 gxf4 2 J .'i¥fl 441

johannes Zukenon

and the king will get into safety over d I toc2. 14...t!Jg6 1 5.cxd5

White has a double object in view with the text move, viz. to open the e-file if IS ...exdS, or if l S ... cxdS, the bishop would have a good move in checking at bS if attacked ·with . ..liJf4 after the ad­ vanceofe4.

2 59 Pirc Defence

Hanham Zukertort (without f-pawn) Manhattan Chess Oub,

Notes by Zukertort

25 November 1883

1 .e4 d6 2.d4 tiJfG 3.�d3 eS 4.d5 �e75.f4

15...exd5 1 6.e4 fxe4 17.fxe4 0-0 18.e5 tiJ6xe5 19.J:lxe5

If 1 9.dxe5, then l 9 ... �c5+ etc. 1 9...be5 20.dxe5 c5 21.t!Jf3 c4 22.bxc4l:xf3

g

l&

j_

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tll

!::. !::. lLl �

James Moore Hanham

23.�h7+!

Very clever! If 22.'t!hf3 or gxf3 , then 23 . fVb6+, winning the bishop at b2. After White's text move, either queen or bishop may interpose in answer to . .'ftb6+. .

.

.

23...�xh7

If 23 ... Wxh7, then 24.gxf3, winning the knight. 24.gxf3 t!JhG 25.'tlfxd5+ �fa

Somewhat better would have been 25 . .'�f7; but White would have won ultimately with 26.'ird8+ Wh7 27."ii'xg5 etc. .

26.'i'i'd8+ Wf7 27.e6+

The speediest way to \\ in. If 27 ...�g6, then 28.�e8+ etc. If 27 ...�xe6, then 28.J:le I + etc. Black resigns. 442

This advance is perhaps premature. As a general rule a quiet development in games at the odds of a pa,vn and move and pawn and two moves is advisable. 5...exf4 6. · xf4 0-0 7.CC.e2 �g4 8.0-0 t!Jbd7 9.�bc3 tiJhS 1 0.�d2 tt:Jxf4 1 1 .t!Jxf4 �gS 1 2.g3 t!Je5 13.'+'ig2 'i¥d7

Black's advantage of position more than counterbalances the pawn minus. 14.tt:Jce2

If l 4..ie2, Black would reply 14 ....ixf4 I S.gxf4 $.h3 etc. If I S ..ixg4, then I S ...�e3+, "innmg a piece. 14...�h6

Preparing the advance of ...gS. 1 5.h3 g5 1 6 .hxg4 gxf4

Tour of U.S.A. I 8 8 3 - 1 884

forced, 'ii'h S.

as

he cannot allow White's

2S.l:te1 Vi'f7 26.l:tee4 .Ufe8

It is almost needless to point out that Black cannot capture the dS-pawn on account of 2 7.VhS h6 2 8.�hg4 etc. 27J:teg4 b4 28.�d4 29J�h6 ttJcS 30.'i¥g3 �h8

1 7.gxf4

If I 7 .tbxf4, then I 7 ...�xf4 I 8.gxf4 ( I 8.tlxf4 �xf4 1 9.gxf4 tbxg4 etc.) 1 8 ...tbxg4 and we arrive at about the same position as in the text. 1 7...t2Jxg4 18.fS �h8 1 9.�h1 l:tg8 20.�h3 1lff7 21 .l:tf3 �e3! 22.liaf1 ,:gs 23.tbg3 liag8 24.'i¥h4 .if2! 2S.�g2 �xg3 26.'\i'xg3 ttJeS

White resigns. 260 Evans Gambit

Zukertort Delmar

Manhattan Chess Club. 8 December 1883

Notes by Zukertort

1 .e4 eS 2.tbf3 tbc6 3.�c4 �cS 4.b4 .ixb4 S.c3 .icS 6.0-0 d6 7.d4 exd4 8.cxd4 �b6 9.dS ttJaS 1 0.�b2 t2Je7 1 1 .�d3 0-0 12.tbc3 t2Jg6 13.tbe2 c5 14.tbg3 f6 1 S.�h1 .ag4

It is customary to proceed with I S . . .jLe7 in answer to White's �hi, followed by ftg I and g4 etc. 16.�c3

1 6.�d2 was here preferable. 1 6...tbe5 1 7.ttJfS .YLc7 18.h3 �xfS 19.exf5 t2Jxf3 20.'ihf3 c4 21 .�c2 bS 22.l:tfe1 ttJb7 23.l:te4 as 24.J;lh4 'ifea

.-\!though White gains an important move through 24 . . .'iWe8, yet it seems

I. .t

.l

.l �� .l .l �

�

�

I 'if

'i!Ve7

• .l .l .l tl � li 'if � � � �

31 .fthg6!

So if 3 I ...hxg6, then 3 2.'it'h4+ Wg8 3 3.fxg6 and mate follows. 31 ... ftg8 32.ti'h4!

Threatening mate in two moves.

32..Jtgf8 33J:txg7 'iYxg7 34.litxg7 �xg7 3S.'ii'g5+ �h8 36.�xf6+ Itxf6 37.1'Nxf6+ Wg8 38.'ii'gS+ Wf7 39.'ifhS+ f2 d5 22.l�xe6 �xe6 23.'i!Vd2 'tlfd6

I.

l .\ £::, 1:[ 444

l 'ii l £::,

£::, t::, fg

• .\ 1

l

-

£::, 'i5 £::, £::,

24..t:te1 On the previous move the game was adjourned, Mr. Sellman enclosing his next move in an envelope. Either he was pressed for time, or he did not suffi­ ciently contemplate the consequence of Black not exchanging rooks. Obviously it would have been advisable to guard against the loss ofthe pawn first. 24....t:tb8 If 2 4 .. Jhe1 , White would probably be able to draw, if Black were to capture ei­ ther of the pawns. 25.'tlfc1 2S.'ife3 seems to prevent - at least im­ mediately - the loss of a pawn. 25...'�Wxh2 26.:es wt7 27.'i!i'e3 �c7

i

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'

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£::, £::,

£::, £::,

'if £::, � £::,

28.'it'e1 Forced, else 28 . . . Wi'd7 would lose the rook. 28...'�d7 29Jle3 J:le8 30.lbe8 'i!fxe8 31 :.-b1 'ffe7 32.'iYb6 g5 33.1i'b3 Wg7 34.'�'b2 h5 35.'�'c1 h4 36.a4 f5 37.'ifd2 wg6 38.'i#'d3 Wf6 39.c4 g4 40.fxg4 fxg4 41.cxd5 cxd5 42.'�d2 Wg6 43.c4 g3+ 44.�f1 'iVe4 45.cxd5 h3! White resigns. After 46.gxh3 to prevent ... h2 Black wins with 46... 'iWh1+ 47.�e2 'ifg2+ 48.We1 'Clfxd2 + and 43 . . .g2.

Tour of U.S.A. 1 88 3 - 1 884 2 6 2 Spanish Game

Judd Zukertort 4th Ma[ch Game, St. Louis, 4 January 1 884

Notes by Hoffer

1 .e4 e5 2.tt:Jf3 tt:Jc6 3..tb5 a6 4.�a4 tt:Jf6 5.0-0 tt:Jxe4 6.l:e1

This move has been somewhat ne­ glected of late in favour of 6.d4, which is justly considered stronger. 6...tt:Jc5 7.�xc6 dxc6 8.tt:Jxe5 �e7 9.d4 li:le6 1 o.�e3 0-0 1 1 .f4 f6 12.tt:Jf3 lieS

Black conducts the game from this point with great care and comes out after a dozen moves with a telling supe­ riority ofposition. 1 3.llJc3 llJf8 14.h3

14...�e6 15.tt:Je2 'iid7 1 6.lLlg3 lLlg6 17.'ii'd2

If I 7 .'ti'd3, then 1 7 ....id6. 1 7...�d5

Superior to 1 7 ... Ad6, which White :night answer with 1 8.lLle4.

I

•

�d6

• .t. .t. �

��� n = :ack

19.lUh5

, . 'if •

20...b5 21.a3

We fail to see a reason for this move. 21 ..JXf7

Preparing the following manoeuvre of the knight. 22.l2Jh2

It is questionable whether this defensive move was necessary. We should have preferred 14.lLle2. I f Black plays 1 4... ..2.g4, then 1 5 .tt:Jg3 followed by 1 6.h3 accordingly.

18.'iVf2 20.llac1

ops are well posted; he is ready to dou­ ble his rooks on the e-file. The only piece comparatively inactive is the knight, but he has plenty of time to bring it into use by the subsequent clever manoeuvre. White attempts with the next move to support the advance of the c-pawn, but this is easily prevented by Black's ...bS. Any attempt to dislodge the bishop with b3 and c4 would be foiled by Black's ...�a3 attacking the rook, etc.

l:.e7

•

•• ·� ttJ

� .i. ttJ � 'if � M �

has clearly the best of the -:�ategical development so far. His bish-

2 2.g4 at once, instead of the retreat of the knight, might have been done. White has lost too much time already, which his opponent readily turned to advantage. 22 ../iJe7 23.g4

To prevent the hostile knight from en­ tering fS , but the move compromises White's position. 23...l2Jc8 24.lLlf3 lLlb6 25.lLld2 l:te8 26.tt:Jg3 g6 27.l:a1

We notice a great want of purpose in White's movements. No sooner has he developed a piece, than he moves it back again. An instance - the several knights' tours and the last rook's move. 27..Jlfe7 28.lLlgf1

Perhaps 28.b3 might have been better at this juncture. There was ample time for the text move. 28...h5! 29.lLlh2

29.�h4 might here be considered but White's position is already very precari­ ous. 29...l:th7 30.l2Jdf3 hxg4 31 .l2Jxg4 g3 l:txf3+ 52.1lxf3 ttxf3+ 53/�xf3 Wf6

White resigns. This game is a fair example of steady and sound play on the part of Mr. Zukertort. 263 Spanish Game Moehle Zukertort St. Louis Chess Club, 8 January 1884 Notes by Zukertort

1.e4 eS 2.ttJf3 tt:Jc6 3.�b5 ttJf6 4.d4 exd4 S.es tt:Je4 6.0-0 a6

446

If 1 9 .tLl g 5. Black would ansm:� 1 9 ... lbxg5 20.�xg5 �g6, with a wir. · ning advantage in spite of the differ· ent colour of the bishops. 1 9 . tbe S. with a view of posting it at d7, "'·a5 not any better, because it could no: maintain itself in that position i:· attacked. 19...c4!

K

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20.f3

There is no necessity for this move. The rooks might have been doubled on the open file instead. 20...l;[e8 21.Wf2

The action of the adverse bishop being temporarily neutralised, 2 l .tLlc2 might have been done here, so as to utilise this inactive piece. The sequel shows that owing to the king's move the adverse bishop gets into active play. 21 ... tt:Jf8 22.tt:Jc2 �e4 23.tt:Jb4

Under the circumstances it might per· baps have been advisable to retire 23 .tOe I . Obviously it is Black's inten-

Tou r of U.S.A. J 8 8 3 - 1 884

tion to exchange bishop for knight and bring round his knight to d3, which is such an inviting place for it, supported by the advanced c-pawn.

.! J.. AAA J..

23 ...a5 24.tt::\d5 .ixd5 25Jbd5 l:tfe6 26J1e1 tt::\g 6! 27..td2

As good as anything else. If 27.g3 or 2 7 . .l:rd4, then the knight would come in at eS etc., when White's game might be considered over. 27...ld.xe1 28.�xe1 tt::\f4 29.ld.d1 tt::\d3+ 30.Wf1 tt::\xb2 31Jid7 tt::\d3 32.�f2 c5 33.g3 b5 34.a3 b4 35.cxb4 axb4 36.axb4 cxb4

White resigns.

264

Evans Gambit

Zu.kertort (without ti.lbl) Phillips Toronto, January 1884

Notes by Ranken

1.e4 e5 2.tt::\f3 tt::\c6 3.�c4 .tc5 4.b4 �xb4 5.c3 �a5 6.0-0 d6 7.d4 exd4

If 7 ....txc3, White may reply with 8.�xf7+. or else with 8.�b3, and if Black then takes the rook. by 9 .�xf7 + �f8 I O.�xg8 ld.xg8 l l .tt::\g S . he is said to obtain a winning attack. In the latter case, however, we opine that by l l ...'l/VxgS 1 2 .-txgS .ixd4, Black may make the assertion at least question­ able. 8.'ii'b3 'tiffS 9.e5 dxe5 1 O..ig5 'fVg6 1 1 J'!fe1 �b6

is very hard to say how Black ought now to meet the vigour of his oppo­ nent's assault. l l ...gxc3 would not do, as White would answer with the fine move 1 2 .tt::\x e5; possible, however, is l l .. .f6, and if 1 2..�.xg8, then 1 2 ... �xc3 might be a feasible defence. le

12.tt::\xe5 tt::\xe5 1 3.Uxe5+ Wf8

� l:t

�· 'ii' �

-�A A .I. � l:t �

��� �

14.cxd4!

A very subtle move, intended not merely to lure the unwary odds receiver into forking the rooks, but also threat­ ening to check at a3, obliging the black queen to interpose, whereupon she would be lost by the reply l:idS . 14...�xd4?

Falling into the trap1 He should have played 1 4... �d7. 1 5J�d1 c5 1 7.'i!Vxb7 nca

1 6.ttxd4!

�e6

1 7 ... Ue8 was, of course, the right move, but it could not long have averted the inevitable disaster. The whole of this little game is a brilliant specimen of Mr. Zukertort's genius. 18.'ii'xc8+!

Black resigns.

265

Vienna Game

Zukertort Berry 1 2 board blindfold exhihi1ion. Momreal. 1 3 February 1884 Notes by Zukertort

1 .e4 e5 2.lbc3 �c5 3.f4 d6 4.tt::\f3 tt::\f6 s.gc4 gg4 6.d3 �xf3 7.'ii'xf3 tt:lbd7 Black could play here 7 .. . a6, if his in­

tention is to keep his bishop, which, to a certain extent, occupies a good posi­ tion. 447

Johannes Zukenon

8.tt:la4 �b6 9.tt:lxb6 axb6 10.0-0 o-o 11.c3 hG 1 2.�b3 �ha 13.fxe5

25.'it'd2 d5 26.e5 fxe5 27.dxe5 tt:lxe5 28.�xh61 gxh6 29.'ifxh6+

1 3 .[5 would have proved very embar­ rassing to Black. Similar positions arise in the Lopez Gambit; they yield as a rule beautiful terminations and a formidable attack to White. 1 3...tt:lxe5 14.'�e2 'ilie7 15.td2 . tt:lh7 16.d4 tt:ld7 17:�i'd3 f6 18J:tae1 I::tfe8 19.�c2 tt:lhf8 1 9 ...tt:ldf8 would not have been any better. Black has no alternative now but to remain passive and let events take their course. White has a splendidly de­ veloped game with two well posted bishops against two knights and open files to bring his rooks into action. 20.a3 'i!if7

I

t !. � • .t. .t. � 'if .t. .t. .t. .t. .t.

29...lt.Jh7 29 . :th7, giving up the exchange. ..

would have delayed the game, but no: altered the result. White would haw proceeded with 30.SLxh7 or 3 0.llxf8. equally advantageous. 30.'�f6+! !tg7 31.�xh7 �be 32..if5+ �98 33..te6+

Black resigns.

266 Evans Gambit

Zukertort Payne

Boston Chess Club, 2 7 February 1884

Notes by Zukertort

21.ltf3 l1e7 22.Uh3 'i/ig8 23J:tf1

White might have saved a move in play­ ing 2 l .I::te 3, and executed the same ma­ noeuvre with it as with the king's rook. Obviously he would then have had a rook at fl . whereas he has to move the queen's rook to f1 now; but his position will easily bear such a slight extrava­ gance. 23...c5 24.�f4 c4

This only drives the queen into a more attacking position, perhaps 25 ... d5 might have proved, comparatively, better. 448

1.e4 e5 2.lt.Jf3 lt.Jc6 3.gc4 .2.c5 4.b4 �xb4 5.c3 �a5 6.d4 exd4 7.0·0 dxc3 8.�b3 '*YfG 9.e5 'ifg6 1 O.lt.Jxc3 tbge7

In the game Zukertort-Tennison played at the New Orleans Chess Club, 25 April 1 884, I O ... lt.Jd8? was played. The game concluded l l..�.a3 c6 I2Jhd 1 bS 1 3 .�d3 'ti'e6 1 4.tLle4 ilc7 I S.'iYc2 he 16.llfe J I lt.Jb7 1 7 .tLld6+ �d8 1 8.�f5 Black resigned. 1 1 .-"a3 0-0 12.:tad1 1 The strongest continuation, we think. It

was first played by Munk against Zukertort at Berlin in October 1 8 7 1 .

Tour of U . S .A.

1 2...b5 In the game just referred to, Black con­ tinued with 1 2 ... b6. The text move was adopted by Zukertort against W.Paulsen in the Leipzig tournament of 1 8 77. I 2 ...i..b6 lost rapidly in the game Zukertort-Maurian, New Orleans Chess Club. 1 6 April 1884, after 1 3 .�d3 'ii'hS 14.lbe4 ne8 1 S.tbg3 �g4 1 6.l:4fe l dS 1 7.exd6epcxd6 1 8 .�xd6�e6 1 9.'ifbl Ads 20.�xh7+ �h8 2 1 .i.e4 'ii'd 7? 2 2..�.x dS tbxdS 23 JhdS nxe 1 + 2 4.l2Jxe 1 Black resigned.

13..id3 li'e6? 1 3 ... �hS is the established continua­ tion.

14.�xh7+ �h8 15.tbd5 16.�c1 tbxd5 17.nxd5

.I at

.t

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� at 'if

'if

b4

• • · ·�

1883-188+

�c4) and we fail to discover any move which might satisfactorily meet the dangers of the situation, for White threatens, in the first instance, 1 9 J:te I and 20.ne4, and then 1 9 .e6, either pawn takes pawn e6, 20.XigS etc. 1 8.tbg5 1 Forcing the game in good style. White's position, however excellent, does not admit of another way, as problem com­ posers would call it, viz: 1 8 .i..e4 �b7 (if 1 8 ...tbxdS?, then, of course, 1 9 ..ixdS, and 20.�xa8; if 1 8 ... �b6 then 1 9.tbgS 'tlig4 20.l:4d3) 1 9.tbg5 �xdS 20.AxdS 'ii'g6 (if 20 ... 'iig4, White wins with 2 l ..ixa8 Iha8 22.'ifxf7 tbc6 23.'ir'g6!. After 20 ... tbxdS 2 1 .tbxe6 fxe6, White would proceed with 22.'iYa4) 2 1 ..�.xa8 l:txa8, and albeit Black has the inferior game, he has fair means to fight for a draw.

1 8...'iixd5 1 9.�h3 Black resigns. The identical game was played about two years ago between Messrs Hirschfield and Zukertort. The latter won the rook. 2 6 7 Scotch Game

Zukertort Wright

7 board blindfold exhibiEion, BosEon,

1:[ �

29 February !884

Notes by Zukertort

� �

tLJ ��� .: �

17...tbe7 Tempting. but disastrous. Black has no satisfactory continuation; if I 7 ...�a6, then 1 8.1:te I , threatening 1 9 .l:te4; if 1 7 . . .'il'g4, then 1 8 .$..d3 (otherwise Black would proceed with 1 8 ...� or

1 .e4 e5 2.tbf3 tbc6 3.d4 exd4 4.tbxd4 tbxd4 5.'�'xd4 tbe7 6.i.c4 tbc6 7. ..,d5 �f6 8.0-0 d6 9.tbc3�e6

Premature. 9 ...a6 might be played pre­ paratory to the text move.

1 O.'ii'bS �b8 Black ought to have castled instead. White could not have played l l ..igs, because of 1 1 . .. Axc4. 449

Johannes Zukertort 1 1.tbd51 'fi'd8 12.f4 a6 1 3.'ifa4 ge7 14.f5 �d7 15.'i'Va3 tt::le5

I S ....af6, to prevent the advance of the f-pawn, followed by castling or the move in the text, would have been safer.

The usual move here is 1 O ...lLe7 l l .�d3 0-0 etc. 1 1 .�d3 0-0 12.tt::lc3 h6

The text move is loss of time. Perhaps i: would have been better, in spite of the slight deviation from the 'normal' de­ fence indulged in by Black, to adhere to the recognised opening moves and play here 1 2 ...c5. Experiments prove as a rule abortive in such thoroughly ana­ lysed openings as the Evans'. 13.tt::le2 c5 14.tt::lg3 gc7

1 6.'i¥g3! �f6 17.tt::lxf6+ gxf6

White announced at this stage the fol­ lowing continuation, if 1 7 .. .'iYxf6: 1 8 .�g5 tt::lf3+ 1 9.lhf3 'i!Vd4+ 20.�e3 'ifxc4 2 l .'ifxg7 l:tf8 22..�h6, and wins. 18.'i'g7 �e7 19.�g5! 'i¥f8 20.gxf6+ e8 21 ...ixe5 dxe5 22.'irxe5+ wda 23.l:tad1 b5 24.�xf7 l:tb6 25.�e6 l:td6 26.gxd7lhd7

26 ...Wxd7 is comparatively better; but it would not have changed the result of the game. 27.J:Ixd7+ wxd7 28.'We6+ c.t>d8 29J.:!d1 +

Black resigns.

268 Evans Gambit

Zu.kertort Limbeck

6 board blindfold exhibition,

New York Chess Club, I I March 1884

Notes by Zukertort 1.e4 e5 2.tt::lf3 tt::lc6 3.�c4 .acs 4.b4 �xb4 5.c3 �c5 6.0-0 d6 7.d4 exd4 8.cxd4 �b6 9.d5 tt::la5 1 o..Q.b2 tt::�fs 450

• .t.'i+' l. l. .i. I. � .l � � �

�

tb tb ��� l:i ®

15.tt::l h4! tt::lxe4

Somewhat risky. 1 S ... bS might have been tried here. It is quite evident that Black must obtain a counter attack on the queen's side, as the only chance of temporarily arresting White's prepara­ tion on the king's side. If he cannot succeed in that, of course the game is lost. 16.lbgf5 �xf5 1 7.tt::lxf5 tt::lf6 18.�d2 c4 19.tt::lxh6+! �h8

Obviously if I 9 ... gxh6, then 20.'iVxh6, and Black would have no means of sav­ ing his game. 20.�c2 c3

A move frequently played by Bird. The

object is if 2 l .�xc3 to break the attack with 2 l ...tt::lc4, and 2 2 . .tt::le 5 etc. .

21 .�xc3�c8

If 2 l ...gxh6, White would continue with 22.'i!Yf3 Wg7 23.'\i'g4+ h8

Tour of U.S.A. 1 88 3 - 1 884 24.'ti'fS etc. The text move does not improve matters; but nothing could. 22.'Wh3 'ti'd7 23.liJg4+ 24.tt:lxf6+

�g8

Black resigns.

269 Evans Gambit

Zukertort Martinez Philadelphia Chess Club, 1 8 March 1884

Notes by Hoffer

1 .e4 e5 Vof3 tt:lc6 3 .�c4 �c5 4.b4 �xb4 5.c3 �c5 6.0-0 d6 7.d4 exd4 8.cxd4 �b6 9.d5 ttJa5 1 Q,gb2f6

The more usual continuation here is lO ...tLle7 l l..�.d3 0-0 etc. The text move enables White to dispense with the move 'tWd2. 1 1 .�d3

Of doubtful value, for the above-stated reason. We should not have taken the knight unless compelled to. 1 4...tLlg6 instead might have been played. 15.gxf3 tLlg6 16.f4 'ifd7 17.f5 ttJe51 8.l:tc1 a6

The sequel shows the object of this move. Black intends to propose an ex­ change of queens, and to bring his queen's knight into activity. The con­ ception is ingenious. but fails to pro­ duce the desired effect against such a master of the Evans Gambit as Dr. Zukertort. 1 9.ttJf4 J:lf7 20.ttg1 ttJxd3

There seems to be no apparent reason why Black should not have taken the pawn with his bishop. 21.'ii'xd3 'ii'b5 22.'i¥c2 ttJc4

:1

• -�� � � � � ..t � � 'if � � � Cjj

� � 'i¥ 11

�

� 1;1 �

23.�xf61 1 1 ...�g4

This move is not looked upon with fa­ vour by the authorities, because after the exchange of the knight, White gets an open file, which makes an already difficult defence for Black still more embarrassing; further, White will endeavour to post his knight at e6, and that object once accomplished. Black's position may be considered untenable. 12.tLlc3 ttJe7 1 3.�h1 0-0 14.ttJe2 �xf3

Dr. Zukertort evidently saw his oppo­ nent's manoeuvre, and did not prevent it, as he gained a pawn by the transaction. 23 ...Itxf6 24.�xc4 25Jbc4nf7

�xc4

If 25 ... �xf2 , White would have replied 2 6.U.xg7+! �xg7 27.tLlhS+ etc. 26.U.g2 l::te8 27.lL\e6 �h8 28J:tc3 l:td7 29.U.cg3 :ctg8 30.f6 g6 31.J;ih3

Loss of time; he might have played !if3 at once. 451

johannes Zukerton

31 ...lle8 32.l:tf3 .Uf7 33.h4 c5 34.h5�d8 If34 ... gxh5, then 3SJ:tg7.

35.hxg6 ttxf6

i

i

�

.t K i tlJ K � '� � 1:( � ��

• i

We should have preferred I 0.0-0. :: seems to be imperative for White to ac­ vance f4 at the earliest opportunitr. ;; : as to neutralise the effect of Black ·, ... d5, and, in castling, that object woul:: be attained .

1 0...0-0 1 1 .0-0 d5! 12.exd5

Compulsory: but there is no great harr.. done as yet, although Black has a shact the better developed game.

1 2...ttJxd5 13.ttJxd5 �xd5 14.�f3

xg8 40.ltJxd8 b5 4Vit(g2 aS 42.ttJb7 a4 43.e5 dxe5 44.ttJxc5 Black resigns.

��

.: 2 7 0 Scotch Game Martinez

Zukertort Philadelphia Chess dub. 1 9 Much 1884

Notes by Zukertort

1.e4 e5 2.ttJf3 ttJc6 3.d4 exd4 4.ttJxd4 �c5 5.�e3 Vi'f6 6.c3 liJge7 VL\c2 This move was introduced for the first time by Dr. Meimer v Zukertort in the Vienna tournament, 1 882; Zukertort played then 7 ...d6, which is inferior to his present continuation.

7...i.xe3 8.ttJxe3 d6 9..ie2 �e6 10.ttJd2 452

�

K

.i. tb

'if

••

' ' -'

'if

-

i. ���

:1: �

15.fVc2 ttJe5 16.�xd5 Perhaps I 6.i.e4 might have been pref­ erable; because if Black replies 1 6 . . . .ixe4 1 7 .ltJxe4 'ifg6, Black's queen's rook would still be on d8 in­ stead of d5, ready to be doubled with the king's rook.

1 6 ....Uxd5 17.ttJe4 1r'g6! 18.l:tad1

1 8.'ii'e2 seems to give White more scope for resistance.

1 8...l:lfd8 1 9...-e2 ttJd3 20.ltJg3 Without this defensive move, Black would have played 20 ...ltJf4 with fatal effect for White.

Tour of U.S.A. 1 8 8 3 - 1 884

16 lOhfS �e6, and either 17 .dxe4 or

20...f5

I 7 .'iVg4 wins.

15.l0hf5 'lWd71 6.'1t;h1 d5

1-

.I

The text move does not give any relief to Black's cramped position. Perhaps he might have tried 1 6 ... l0g8, followed by 1 7 ... g6 accordingly. 17.f4 exf4 18.�xf4 dxe4

21.1Wc2

The queen ought not to have quitted this square unless absolutely forced to do so, on account of the advance of the adverse f-pawn. White might have played here 2 1 .b3 and if21 ... f4 22.toe4 etc.

This capture gives White the opportu­ nity of displaying such rare brilliance which seldom occurs in match play. In such complicated positions the best course, as a rule, is to simplify matters as much as possible. It might, therefore. have been preferable to play here 1 8 ... �xf5 followed by 1 9 ...dxe4.

21...f4 22.l0e2 f3 23.lt:Jg3 fxg2

White resigns. 2 7 1 Italian Game

Zukertort Martinez

Philadelphia Chess Club, 25 March 1884

Notes by Hoffer

1 .e4 e5 2.lt:Jf3 lt:Jc6 3.�c4 .tcs 4.b4 �b6 5.a4 a6 6.c3 d6 7.a5 1;,.a7 8.d3 'iWe7 9.lt:Jbd2 l0f6 1 O.l0f1 h6 11.l0g3l0d8

This move seems not only unnecessary now. but it also proves a great impedi­ ment to Black's development later on, and may be considered as the primary cause of Black's future problems. The knight cannot be moved to e6 on ac­ count of the adverse tLlfS, and no other square is available for it. 1 2.0-0 �e6 1 3.�a2 0-0 14.l0h4 �h7

Seemingly Black can gain a pawn here; but the result of such a venture would he fatal, e.g. 1 4...�xa 2 I S.lha2 tLlxe4

19.lt:Jxg7!

Perfectly sound. If 1 9 ... Wxg 7. then 20.�e5, winning back the piece at least. 1 9... �xa2 20.l:lxa2 �d5 21.ttJ7h5 lOxh5 22.l0xh5 f5

If 22 .. .'iha2. White would win with 2 3 .tLlf6+ �g7 24.�xh6+ �h8 25 .'+Whs etc. 23.�d2 e3 24.�e2 W/f7 25.Axe3 'ti'xh5 26.�xa7 l:tf7 27.�d4 tLlc6

Seventeen moves this knight stood inac­ tive, and prevented the queen's rook to be brought into play, and now it has come back to the square whence it staned. 28.l::te7! 453

Johannes Zukertort

.H .l �

l:: K

.l .l

.,.

�

.i �� 'if

.l

• .l �

�� !t �

28...�g6

If 28 ... 'i¥xd l , then 29 Jhf7+ �g8 3 0 .l::tg 7 + �h8 3 1 Jhc7+ lbxd4 32.lhdl with the exchange and two pawns plus. 29Jbf7+ 'ifxf7 30.�e3 lbe5 31.d4 lbc4 32.�f4 l::tg8 33.'ird3 'iWd5 34.'i:Yh3 l::tg6 35.�xc7 lbe3 36.'+Wf3 'ifa2 37J1g1 lbd5 38.�e5 f4 39.�xf4 'iVc4 40.�e5 lbxc3 41.d5!

Black resigns Mr. Zukertor t is of opinion that this is the best game he has played in Philadel­ phia. It certainly is a very interesting specimen in many respects; but espe­ cially because of the quiet and sound development in the opening until ev­ erything is ready for the attack.

Necessary to prevent the check of d-:-: black queen at b4 when the knight �= removed, and to make room for tr.: knight at d 1 , which is better than lbce � 7...a6

A useful precursor to Black's next moY:: by shutting out the knight from bS. 8.lbd1 c5 9.c3lbc6 10.f4 f5

This pawn should only go to f6, to be :::-. readiness to break up White s centre :.: the proper moment, for now he ma·. leisurely bring out his pieces secure c :· no disturbance at any rate on the king·, flank. '

,

1 1 .lbf3 b5 12.�d3 �b7

Black might also exchange pawns, an-: if White retook with pawn, either fore-: the exchange of queens, or win a pa\\T. by ...'i¥b4. 1 3.0·0 lbb6 14.b3 c4 15.�c2 0-0

Had Mr. Zukertort been conductin� Black's game, he would here, we thini have pushed on the b-pawn. 1 6.lbe3 l:tac8

.i.

!.

2 7 2 French Defence Zukertort Labatt New Orleans, April 1884

Notes by Ranken 1 .e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.lbc3 lbf6 4.�gs.ae75.e5

Introduced by Herr Englisch at the Paris tourney of 1 8 7 8, and for a time thought well of. but, like all other varia­ tions of this opening in which the pawn is advanced to eS, it has now de­ clined in esteem. 5...lbfd7 6.�xe7 'it'xe7 7.'i¥d2 454

17.g41

At first sight it looks as if White shouk make himself comfortable by b4 before commencing the attack, but in that case the reply ...h S would considerably frus­ trate his designs. 1 7...g6 1 8.Wh1 �h8

Black now loses his last chance of any counter attack by ...b4, and hencefortl:

Tour of U.S.A. 1 88 3 - 1 884

can do little more than look on while White concentrates his forces for the fi­ nal assault. 19.b4 lbd8 20.llg1 llg8 21 J:�g3 lbf7 22J%ag1 lbh6

These marches of the knight are worse than useless for any purpose of defence, but in such a position it is impossible to suggest an alternative that would be of real avail. 23.fig2 :cf8 24.�h3 lbf7

iE* .t � � .t. i i ... . .t. .t. � .t. � .�. � � � � tb tb kt 'i¥ � � � ��

This was one of numerous games played with this opening, during the month of April at the New Orleans Chess Club, between McConnell and Zukertort. 4...�b4

The usual continuation is 4 ...�c5 S.d3 d6 with an equal game. 5.a3 �xc3 6.dxc3 lbxe4

A risky move; we are of the opinion that it should lead to future difficulties for Black. 7.�xf7+ rJ;>xf7 8.'ii'd5+ 9.'ili'xe4 d5 1 O.'i/i'a4

wee

Up to here, the moves are identical with those played in a great number of games played between these two play­ ers.

25.gxf5

Having with patient skill completed all his preparations, White now opens his batteries, and then carries the enemy's position by a brilliant coup de main. 25...exf5 26.lbxf5! gxf5 27.�xh7+! wxh7 28.�xf5+ 1:lg6 29.l:th3+ lbh6 30Jbg6

Black resigns. The only move left for Black is 30 ...'¥i'g7 , whereupon follows 3 i .J;lgxh6+ Wg8 3 2 .�e6+ l::!.f7 33. lbg5 and wins.

2 7 3 Italian Game

McConnell Zukertort New Orleans Chess Club. April 1884

Notes from Times Democrat

1.e4 e5 2.lbf3 lbc6 3.�c4 lbf6 4.lbc3

1 0...llf8

In other games Zukertort played I O . ..�d6, but this time he brings out his rook, since the pawn does not need to be defended, as will soon be seen. After 1 O ...'tWd6 1 1 . 0-0 l:!f8 1 2 .l:!e 1 �f7 l 3 . lbxe5+ tbxeS, played in an ear­ lier encounter. McConnell could have continued 14.'i'f4+! We6 1 5.�g4+ 11fs 16.f4 etc. 11 .lbxe5?

Not foreseeing the strength of Black's 12th move. Correct was 1 1.0-0, occur­ ring in another game, after which Zukertort's reckless sacrifice I l .. .l:hf3 455

)ohannes Zukertort

failed against l 2.gxf3 �h3 1 3 .l:te! 'fk'f6 I 4.�f4! �d7 J S.�g3 �fs J6.�gs. 1 1 ...'�Ve7 12.f4

!

K .t i_ i i •

!f i '+i' ' '

� �� � �

9...�b7 dxc4?

10.�c3

%tc8

11 ==

Causing the isolation of the e-t­ and seriously compromising the = ofthe allies. 1 2.�xc4 bxcS 13.b5 14.l1Jbd2 �fd8 15.'�'e2 tl:.b6

i ttJ �

1W �

9. bS would be premature on acco:.:::: the reply 9 ...a6.

�

�� 1:[

�

Another weak move. Black sho.... once have played 1 5 ... l1Jd5, fer the retreat of the white quee::::. bishop. 16.a4 ltJfdS H...ieS

1 2...�d7! 1 3.0-0

We do not see anything better: if ! 3 .�b3 ltJxeS l 4.fxe5 �xeS+ and mate in a few moves. 1 3 ...l1Jxe5 14.'�d4 ltJcG 15.�xd5 ..ieG 1 6.'�b5 aG H.�xb7 �c5+ 18.�e3

Forced. If 1 8.Whl l:f.a7 wins the queen. 18 ...�xe3+ 1 9.h1 �b6 20.1hb6 cxbG 21 .l:tae1 Wd7

White resigns.

H...�dG?

After the exchange of this bishop, ::..:. isolated pawn becomes indefensi'I 7 ...�d7 is preferable. -

274 Queen 's Pawn Game Zukertort Buck, Dunn, and Seguin New Orleans Chess Club.

28 April and 2 May 1884 Notes by Zukertort

1.l1Jf3 dS 2.d4 eG 3.e3 l1Jf6 4. .id3 .ie7 5.0-0 0-0 6.c4 b6 7.�d2

Deviating from the usual development by b3. The b-pawn must now be left untouched or be played two squares. The text move occurs in a game played in the Berlin tournament of 1881 be­ tween Zukertort and Dr. Noa. 7...ttJbd7 8.b4 cS 9.a3 456

18.�xd6 �xdG 1 9.l:tfc1 20.a5 t2Jbd5 21.\\Vd1

C: ....":

Threatening to win a piece by 2 2 .� and 23.e5. 21 ...l1Je7 22.'�c2 tl:JgG 23.-!f� Wfe7 24.a6 �aa 25.l:ta4 lt:d7 26Jk4 �dS 27.l:tc3 l:tc7 28.e� �as 29.t2Jb3 l:tdc8 30.t2Ja5 eS

Forced. White threatened to proceec with 3 l .tl:Jd4, followed by either knigh: toc6. 31.g3 l1Jgf8 33.t2Jb3f6

32.�h3

t2Je6

If 3 3 ...l1Jd4, then 34.tl:Jfxd4 exd7 3 5.ltJxd4! etc.

Tour of U.S.A. 1 8 8 3 - 1 8 84

34Jk4 h5 35.'1i'd1 g6 36.tvd2 �g7 37.'ii'e3

K - � .. . � .t. .t. .t. .t. � 'ti'tiJ � ..Q. � � i

53.lLlc7 \t>g7 54.lLle8+ �f7 55.lLld6+ rt;g7 56.'i/Vc1 'it>g6 57.�c2+ Wg7 58.lLlf5+

... �

37...g5

If 3 7 ... lLld4, the following pretty variation results: 38.Ld7 lLlxb3 (compara­ tively best) 39.�xc8 lLlxcl 40.�b7! $l.xb7 4J .axb7 l:txb7 42 ..Uxcl �:txbS 43 .lLld2 etc. 38.jLxe6 W/xe6 39.lLlxc5 A stronger line of play consisted in

39.lLlel and 40.lLld3 followed by the capture of the pawn. 39...lLlxc5

The best continuation. It is obvious that Black dare not pin the knight with 39 ...'i'b6 on account of 40 .lLle6+. 40Jbc5 '\Wb6 41Jbc7+ l:txc7 42Jbc7+ 'i!Yxc7 43.h4 g4 44.lLle1 �g6 45.lLld3?

Weak; the best continuation would be 45.lLlg2. with the object of eventually bringing the knight to e3. 45...'f#'b8! 46.'�'c5?

Surrendering most of the advantage gained. White should have continued with 46.'i¥e2. 46...�xe4 47.'f#'c4 ..af3 48.lLlc5 'i+'d8?

48 ...'ii'd6 was far superior, and would have prevented, in a great measure, White's subsequent manoeuvres. 49.1'Hc2+ �h6 50.lLle6 'i\Ya5 5HWc1+ Wg6 52.'*Wb1+ 'oti>f7

t2J

.t.

l\Y

.t.

•

.t. .t. � j_ � � w

66...'�'c5

Had Black ventured upon the tempting reply 66 ...i.dS . a very instructive end­ game would have resulted, e.g. 66 ...�d5 67.lLle3 Vlkxc2 68.lLlxc2 Wf7 69.lLle3 �f3 70.lLlc4 We7 7 J . b6 axb6 72 .lLlxb6 Wd6 73.a7 �c7 74.a8'if �xa8 75.lLlxa8+ Wb7 76.f3! fS (best) 7 7 .fxg4 fxg4 7 8.Wf2! and White wins. 67.lLle3 'ik'b6 68.'Wd3 69.'ii'c4 'i'a5 70.t:bf5+ 7 1 .lLle7+ �h6 72.lLlc8?

W/c7 Wg6

Throwing away the victory vv·hich could be forced with 72.0c6!. 72...''itl'a 1 + 73.'ti'f1 'i¥d4 74.'�'c1 + wh7 75.t:be7 �e4 76.lLlc6

Draw. 2 7 5 Pirc Defence

J.Jones Zukertort (without fl-pawn) Leadville, I 0 June 1884

Notes by Hoffer

1 .e4 d6 2.d4 lLlf6 3.Qd3 e5 4.c3 �e7 5.f4

457

]ohannes Zukertort It would have been better to develop the king's knight. The text move impedes the movements of the queen's bishop. 5...exd4 6.cxd4 0-0 7.lbf3

7.tbc3 would have prevented Black from playing 7 ... dS, and thus the centre would have remained intact for a time. The king's knight might have been moved afterwards. 7...d5 8.e5 tbe4 9.0-0 c5 1 O.tbc3 cxd4

good chance of a powerful - thou g :_ difficult - attack, in case Black shot:.:: capture the b-pawn, e.g. 20.'ii'h3 l::x": � 2 l .f5 'tie8 22.f6 �f8 23 .f7 �:x:· 24 tbg 5 'ii'e 8 2S.tbf7+ W mo,·:- : 26.tbxd8 tbxd8 27.'ifc8 etc. The po;:­ tion is of a complicated nature, a:-. : presents innumerable lines of pk. which the reader will find interesting : : exhaust. .

20...Uxd7 21.fxg6 Uxb2 22.gxh7 nxa2 23.tbg5 �d3 24.tbf7+

If 24.fH2 then 24 ...�xg5, and ::· 2S.l:tf8+ �xh7 26 ...2.xg5 tbxeS etc. 24...�xh7 25.l:tf2 l:tb7 26.d8 1 6 �e6+ and wins, and if J L .'it'g6 13.�fl+ We8 (if J 3 ... We7 1 4.�a3+) ! 4_gf7+ �xf7 J 5Jhf7 �xf7 J 6 .'i+'h5+ g6 1 7 .'�'f3+ and wins. 13.g3 l\Vg4 14.0-0+ wea Zukertort: If 1 4. . -';t/e?, then J S .ga3+ �d8 1 6.'i!i'd3 �d7 1 7 .e6 etc. 15.�f7+ Black resigns. .

( 1 3.0-0+

8...d6 9.e5 tLle4 Somewhat better would be 9 . . . dS I O.�bS tLle4 J l .cxd4 etc. 1 O.l:te1 dS 11 .�b5 dxc3 1 2.'ifa4 Ab6 13.tLlxc3!

.

287 Evans Gambit

Zukertort Schroder I 0 board blindfold exhibition, Concert House, Berlin, 4 May

Notes by Hoffer

188 5

1.e4 e5 2.lbf3 tLlc6 3..2.c4 �c5 4.b4 �xb4 5.c3 �as 6.d4 exd4 7.0-0 tLlf6 The moves up to this point are identical with those played in the first match game, Morphy-Anderssen, 20 Decem­ ber 1 858. Subsequent analysis proved the text move not to yield a satisfactory defence. The capture of the third pawn, which constitutes the Compromised Defence. or 7 ... d6, is preferable. 8.�a3 Morphy played here 8.e5. Dr. Suhle demonstrated satisfactorily in Deutsche Schachzeitung 1 8 59, the superiority of 8.�a3. The variations arising from the text move are very interesting, and mostly in favour ofWhite. 470

1 3 ...tLlxc3 13 .. _gxf2+, winning the exchange, would not be advisable in Black's pres­ ent uncomfortable position. A probable continuation in that case would be 14. �hI tLlxc3 I 5 .�xc6 + bxc6 1 6 .'ifxc6+ �d7 J 7 .'ii'xc3 �xel 18 Jhe I, followed by e6. with an over­ whelming attack. 14.�xc6+ bxc6 1 5.'ilixc6+ i.d7 1 6...-xc3 :ca If 1 6 ...c5. White would have responded with the text move. Comparatively better, however, seems to be 1 6...�e6. 17.e6!d4 If 1 7 ... �xe6, then 1 8.lhe6+ and 1 9.'�xg7. 18.exd7+�xd7

K 'ir .l

� � :

.i.

K .l .l i

•• 'if

-

.l li

ttJ ��� �

·

1885

Tour of Europe

1 9.lt:Jxd4

The blindfold player, immediately after calling out his move, observed that I 9 . lt:Je5 + would have been the right continuation here. 1 9...cS 20.lt:JfS �c7 21.tt:Je7 �d4 22.�xd4 cxd4 23.flac1 + Wb7 24.tt:Jxc8

.l .! .l

.l 'ir' ·� ·� ' �

�

��

Black resigns. 288 Evans Gambit

• .l .l

� � �

31.�d2 �f8 32.'CWh6

Zukertort Ranneforth

3 2.�d 5 was much more forcible.

1 0 board blindfold exhibition.

If 33 .. J�te7. then 34.�h3 h6 3S.�g6 �f8 36.�xh6, and wins.

Concert House Berlin, 4 May 1885

Notes by Zukertort

1.e4 eS 2.lt:Jf3 lt:Jc6 3.j{,c4 �cS 4.b4 bb4 S.c3 �cS 6.0·0 d6 7.d4 exd4 8.cxd4 ..ab6 9.dS lt:JaS 10.�b2 tt:Je7 1 1 .�d3 0·0 1 2.lt:Jc3 lt:Jg6 13.lt:Je2 f6?

The well-known theoretical move 1 3 ... cS, preventing the adverse knight from en tering at d4, should have been played here. 14.'�h1

l 4.lt:Jfd4 is preferable. 1 4...cS 1 S.l:tc1 l:tb8 1 6.lt:Jg3 �c7 17.tt:JfS bS 18.g4 tt:'lf4 1 9.llg1 tt:Jxd3 20.'iVxd3 tt:lc4 21 ..ta1 tt:JeS 22.-ixeS fxeS 23.'ifd2

Intending 24.lt:Jg5, followed by ltJe6 etc. 23 ....txfS 24.gxfS gas 2S.�e2 l:tb7

25 ... h6 would not be any better, owing to 26.l:l.g6, followed by l:tcg l etc. 26.tL'lgS ];lf6 27.l:tg3 c4 28.l:tcg1 'ife8 29.lt:Je6 l:txe6

If 2 9 . . .1:!££7 , then 30.'it'h5 'it'c8 3 1 .f6 etc. 30.dxe6gd8

If 3 0 ...'it'd8, then 3 l .'CWh5 �f6 32.�h3 h6 33J�g6 etc.

32...'iif6 33.�hS h6

34J:tg6 36.f6

'iVh4 3S.'iVxh4 �xh4

Black resigns. 289 Evans Gambit

Zukertort Hirsch 1 0 board blindfold exhibition. Leipzig, 4 June 1885 Notes by Zukertort

1 .e4 eS 2.lt:Jf3 tt:Jc6 3.�c4 �cS 4.b4 �xb4 S.c3 gas 6.d4 lt:Jf6?

.I

.l 'if *

.l .l .l .l .,.

K

.l .l .l

.,.

0

.l 1;_ � � i � ttJ � ��� : � ttJ � � w

.l

7.ga3

White departs from the book move 7 .dxeS 0 which might be answered with 7 ... tt:'lg4 , for if7 ... tt:'lxe4, then 8.�d5. 7...dS

If7 ... d6, then 8.dxe5 etc. 47 1

johannes Zukertor! 8.exd5 tt:Jxd5 9.0-0 .ag4 1 OJ:Xe1 tt:Jxc3? 1 1 .tt:Jxe51 tt:Jxe5 12.'ii'xg4

Black resigns.

2 9 1 Vienna Game

Zukertort Kastner

I 0 board blindfold exhibition,

290 King's Gambit

Zukertort Weicke

I 0 board blindfold exhibition,

Chemnitz, 1 3 June I 885

Notes by Zukertort 1 .e4 e5 2.tt:Jc3 tt:Jf6 3.f4 exf4? 4.e5 'it'e7 5.�e2 tt::lg8 6.l0f3

Magdeburg, 8 June I 885

Notes by Zukertort 1 .e4 e5 2.f4 tt:Jc6 3.tt:Jf3 d6 4.�c4 �g4 5.tt:Jc3 tt:Jf6 6.0-0 exf4 7.d4 h6 8.�xf4 g5 9.�g3 a6 1 o.�d3 'i/{;d7 1 1 .l:tae1 0-0-0

K � .i. * -*- � .1 .l .l .l .l 'if .l .l .l

6...c6

A very common continuation is here 6 ... d6, which, of course, proves ruinous at once by 7.tt:Jds. 7.d4 g5 8.t2le4 h6

If8 ...g4, then 9.l0d6+ Wd8 I O .tt::lg S. 1 2 .�xa6!?

Not sound, but promising a lively attack. 1 2 ...li::lb4 13.�xb7+ �xb7 14.'+i'c4 tt:Ja6 15.d5 c5 1 6.tt:Jb5 tt:Je8 1 7.l�[e3 J:!.b8 18J�b3 �a8 1 9.tt:Jxd6 tt:Jec7

If 19 . Jhb3, then 20.�xa6+ �a7 2 l . 'iic 6+ .l:tb7 22. tt::l x b7 �xb7 23.'iixe8+ etc. If, on the other hand, 1 9 .. �xd6, then 20.'iha6+ �a7 2 I .'Wc6+ l:tb7 22.l:ra3. .

.

20.lbb8+ �xb8 20 ...tt:Jxb8 would but slightly prolong

the contest.

21 .tt:Je51

Black resigns. It is obvious that Black loses the queen with a very bad position in the bargain. 472

9.tt:Jd6+ �d8 1 1 .�d3 b5?

10.'�'c4

�h7

A ruinous advance, which at least precipitates matters. 1 2 .�b3

White should have continued with 1 2.�b4 aS ! 3.'iYcs etc. 1 2 ...l:!g7

Tour of Europe 1 8 85 If !9 ...�f7, then 20 ...if4, intending 2 l .�b3. 20.�g4 g5 21.�e4! �e7 22.Ild6+1 �7 23.�xf5+ �ea l:lxd7 24.Ild7 l:ld8 25.e6 26.Ilxd7 �xd7 27.exd7+ Black resigns.

13.�d2 a5 14.'�a3 a4 If 14 ...b4, then 1 S.i.xb4. 15.'�'c5 1.ta61 6.�a5+! Black resigns. 2 9 2 Two Knights Defence

Zukertort Gerold

I 0 board blindfold exhibition, Glauchau, I 5 June I 885

2 9 3 Evans Gambit

Notes by Zukertort

Zukertort Schmid and Seydel

1.e4 eS Vbf3 tbc6 3.i.c4 tbf6 4.tbg5 dS S.exdS tbxdS 6.tbxf7 �xf7 7.�f3+ �e6 8.tbc3 tbe7 9.d4h6 Another continuation is 9 ... c6 1 O...tgS h6 l l .Axe7 Le? 1 2.0-0-0 etc. 1 0.0-0 c6 1 1 .dxe5 tbfS? 12J:td1 tbe7 13.i.e3 b6 Preventing the adverse bishop from en­ tering cS, and also enabling his own queen's bishop to be played to b7 for additional protection. 14.Ild2 ..tb7 15.l:tad1 'i'd7

1 6.'fVh3+ Hastily played; 1 6 .'iVg4+! was better. 1 6 ...tbf5 17.tbxd5 1 8.�xd5+ It was stronger to continue 1 8 .IlxdS . and if 1 8 .. . �xdS, !9.lhd5. 1B....axd5 1 9.l::1xd5 'fitc7

Consultation Game, Dresden Chess Club. 20 June 1 8 8 5

Notes by Zukertort

1.e4 e5 2.tbf3 tL.c6 3.gc4 �cs 4.b4d5 We prefer 4... �b6. S.exdS tbxb4 6.0-0! The strongest continuation. 6...tbe7 7.tbxe5 tbbxd5 8.d4 gds If8 ... ..tb6, then 9.�a3. 9..ig5.ie6 Of course, if9 ...f6, then 1 O.i.xf6! tbxf6 ( I O ... gxf6 1 1 .�h5+) 1 I .tbf7 etc. We think Black should proceed with 9 ... c6. 10.�b5+ c6 1 1 .tbxc6

much cxd5 with then

1 1 ... bxc6 If l l ...'i'b6, then 12 .lbxe7+ etc; not 1 2.tbxa7+ �f8 . 1 2 ..ixc6+ tbxc6 Unsound, of course, but leading to very interesting complications. 473

]ohannes Zukertort

13.�xd8 llxd8 14.c4 ttJde7 15.d5 �es 16./tJa3 ttJbS 17J:lb1 �fS 18.tlb7 l:!:d7 19Jhd7 ttJxd7 20.tle1 0-0 21.c51 .tf6 22.d6 t2Jc6 23.'ii'a4 ltc8? 23 ...ltJdb8 would be probably best. After the text move White carries the day speedily. 24.g41 �e6 If 24 .../tJxc5, then, of course, 2 5.'tlfxc6! etc. 25.l:!:xe6 fxe6 26.'ifa6 J:tf8 27.'ii'xc6 ttJeS 28.1!t'e4 �ea 29.d7! l:txcS 30.'ii'a8+ Black resigns.

294 Hungarian Defence

9...tbbd7 9 ...tba6 would have been better. Black seems bent on cramping his game. 10.'i¥d2 cxd5 11.cxd5 .ih5 If l l ... �xf3, White would, after retak­ ing, probably castle on the queen's side, and make it very dangerous for Black to do so on either side. 12.0-0 0·0 13.�h1 tbe8 14J:lg1 .tg6 15.g4 Effectually preventing ... f5, the only move that can free Black's game in any way. 1 5...a6 Objectless, but he must move some­ thing. I 5 ... tbdf6 looks not quite so bad. 1 6.l:tg2 b5 17.Uag1

Zukertort Whitby

1 1 board simultaneous exhibition, Liverpool Chess Oub, 3

December 1885

Notes from Liverpool Courier

1.e4 eS 2.�f3 ltJc6 3.�c4 .te7 A very quiet and supposedly safe de­ fence, which Black adopted out of a natural apprehension of the Evans Gam­ bit. He appears, however, to have moved out of the frying pan into the fire. 4.d4 d 6 Perhaps the better o f the two moves at Black's command. 4 ... exd4 is not quite so good, e.g. 4. ..exd4 5.0-0 ltJf6 6.l:!:el 0-0 7.e5 ltJe8 etc., and Black has a cramped and somewhat more difficult game. 5.d5 5.0-0 or c3 the books recommend here in preference. 5 .../tJbS 6.�d3 ttJf6 7.c4 c6 8.tbc3 .Q.g4 9..te3 Leaving the books, to which both players have hitherto kept. White follows the usual plan of a full development on both wings before commencing any attack. 474

17...t2Jc5

A hopeless attempt to 'create a diver­

sion' on the queen's side, which White takes no notice of 18.h4! Black must now make an opening for his queen's bishop, as he dare not play 1 8 ...�xh4. 1 8...f6 If l 8 ...�xh4 1 9.g5 winning easily. 19.h5 .tf7 20.�e2 xf2 't/Hh4 fol­ lowed by . . .fS and . . .f4, recovering the piece by force, with a pawn ahead. 1 4..."ii'h4 1 5.�xg4 �xg4 1 6."i!fc1 Schallopp: After 1 6.f3 .id7 I 7 .f4! l:[ae8, Black is excellently developed. 1 6 ...�e2 Steinitz: By this ill-advised sortie and the subsequent posting of that bishop at a6, Black throws away the advantage he had gained. 1 6 ... ii.e7 was superior. Had he, however, advanced . . .fS now, White, by answering f4 would have broken the attack and the adverse queen's bishop would have been badly posted.

World Championship Match with S te i n i tz 1 8 8 6 Chiyorin: Here, best would be to play

1 6 ... �d7, then, on 1 7 .f4 - 1 7 ... l:tae8 or 1 7 ...fs . maintaining the small advantage (free play and attack) which Black obtained thanks to White's last move. 17.l:le1 .ia6 Schollopp: The bishop is very well placed here. as the further course of the game shows. 18.�c3 Steinitz: White has now assumed the offensive, he threatens 1 9 .�xg7, which cannot be captured on account of 20.lof5+ and Black dare not ad­ vance . . . d4, on account of the reply l:le4.

K j.

.t

j. j_ j.

� ��� !:[ 'lW

•• j. j.

j.

be a mistake, because of 2 1 J1g6 l:ld7 22.�d4 l:tff7 23 .ltJfs and wins. 21.-iaS Steinitz: Better than 2 I .l:txd6 at once, for in that case Black would first take the bishop and would then advance .. .f4 and .. .f3. 21 ..J1d7 22Jbd6 l:txd6 23.�b4 'ti'f6 24J:ld1 Steinitz: 24J:le 1 was much superior; but if 24.ltJxfS lld7 2S .�xf8 'WxfS and, although White is a pawn ahead, Black has a good game and almost a sure draw with bishops of opposite colours. 24...:id5 25.i.xf8 'ti'xf8 26.ltJh5 Hoffer: Useless. With this and the follow­ ing knight's move, White allows his op­ ponent to improve his position. 26...'�fe8 27.ttJf4 �es

.,

ttJ ��� l:I w

18...f5 Schallopp: While parrying the threat of

�xg 7 , Black at the same time begins a counterattack. 1 9J�e6 l:lad8 20.'Wd2 Euwe: So as to answer 20 ...f4 with 2 1 .'*'d4. 20...d4 Steinitz: Though the pawn is only de­ fended by the queen, it is obvious that White cannot take it, on pain oflosing a piece by .....ixg3 accordingly before or after the exchange of queens. Chigorin: Hardly good, though also tempting. Upon correct play on White's part, Black's central pawns will become jaded. 20 .. J::tf7 is better. 20 ...f4? would

Steinitz: Black has finely taken advantage of the opponent's omission on the 24th move and has taken indisputable pos­ session of the king's file. 28.h4c5 Steinitz: If 28 ... g5 White would win by 29.hxg5, followed by 30.ltJd3. Schollopp: The black pawns gain still more in importance. 29.h5? Steinitz: A weak move. Contrary to his usual style, Mr. Steinitz pursues a pro­ spective attack on the king's side and 477

]ohannes Zukertort

neglects a positive and, we believe, a dedsive advantage, which he could have obtained in the centre and on the queen's side by b4 at this point. The number of the move in the text and White's desire to save time, so close on the 30th move, may perhaps account for the omission. 29...l:te4 30.c3 Chigorin: Black threatened to win a pawn by ...�b8; best would be 3 0 ... b3.

30...1i'b8

gained a fair advantage of position by 32 .f3 l:le3 3 3 .cxd4 cxd4 34.'irxd4 'ifxd4 35.lhd4 l:txf3 36.�g2 �b7 3 7 .ti:ld5 %:le3 38.c;t;>f2 etc. Hoffer: This has all the appearance of a mistake. We can see no reason why 3 2 .f3 should not be played here, which would seem to secure at least a probable draw, e.g. 32.f3 1:le2 3 3.tt.Jxe2 -'Lxe2 34.f4 'ife4 3S.flel d3 3 6.J:lxe2 dxe2 3 7 .c;t;>f2 tvh I etc. Scha!Jopp: On 3 2.li:ld3. the same continu­ ation. It threatens then ...c4 followed by ... d3 or (if 33.b3) ...dxc3 followed by ... lld4. 32...'ifd6 33.tt.Jf4 Hoffer: If 33.Itel, the reply would be 3 3 ...d3 etc. Schallopp: White is already at a loss for a move. He wants, so it seems, to prevent the advance of the cl-pawn; but this is in vain.

Steinitz: The design of playing the queen

on this diagonal is excellent, as it com­ pels White to weaken his king's side, but we see no reason for not playing ... 'fVeS at once. Schallopp: This move was said to be very fine. We are not able to share this view and regard it as a lost tempo. An im­ mediate 3 0 . . . �e5 would have achieved exactly the same result: 3 l .li:ld3 (which after 3 0 . . . �b8 would be met by 3 I ..J�h4 32.g3 J:lxhS 3 3 .tt.Jxc5 'i'a8) is no less disadvanta­ geous after 3 0 . . .'i!Yes, because of 3 1 . . . 'i!fd6 with a similar continuation as in the game itself, resp. 3 2.f3 l:te3 3 3 .tt.Jf2 l:txf3 34.gxf3 '&'g3+ 35.�hl �b7. 31.g3 'it'e5 32.tt.Jg6? Steinitz: Total waste of time, as the retreat on the next move shows. He could have 478

33 ...d3 Steinitz: A fine move, which greatly ham­

pers White's game, but which would not have presented any real danger by proper precautions on the other side. It will be noted that White cannot take the pawn on account of 34... �xd3 fol­ lowed by ... ne I+ and ... l:txdl . 34.b3 c4 35Jlb1 �h7 36.c;t;>h2 Steinitz: An unaccountably weak move. By l:tb2 at once, he would have ob-

World Championship Match with Steinitz 1 8 8 6

Zukertort vs Stelnltz

tained the same position which he had two moves later on without giving his opponent time to withdraw the bishop to the more commanding diagonal at b7. 3 6.bxc4 followed by 37.l:1b7, if the bishop retook, was also satisfactory enough. It is obvious that then Black's defence was much hampered, as he could not remove the queen and allow the rook to enter at b8, whereupon tbg6 was threatened. Euwe: 36.�g2 would have been more exact. 36 ...�b6 37.'iitg1 Steinitz: Black threatened

... li[e2, fol­ lowed by ...'it'xf2+ and ... .tb7. 37...�b7 38Jtb2 'ifc6 Steinitz: Threatening . . Jhf4 or .. J:te l + . 39.f3 Euwe: If 3 9. bxc4, then 3 9 .. J1e 1 + , and if

39.Wh2, then 3 9 .. Jhf4. 39...'�i'c5+ Schallopp: All this is beautifully played. 40.'�'f2

Hoffer: If 40.Wh2, then 40 . . J1e2+ 4 1 .4.Jxe2 Vi'f2+ 42.Wh3 'ii'f l + 43.�h2 'il'xf3 and mate next move. Schallopp: If 40.�g2, then 40 .. J:te3 and wins. 40...l:te1 +

i .i.

...

i

'

��· � l:[

'* i

ttJ ��

K

...

�

4V�h2? Steinitz: A fatal error. He still had at least

an even game by 4 l .�g2, e.g. 4l.c;pg2 l:te3 42.tbe6 �xf3+ 43 ....xf3 �xe6 44.bxc4 etc. Hoffer: And if, after 4 l .�g2, �xf3+, then 42.�xf3. 479

]oh annes Z ukertort Chigorin: And, further, if 44 ... l::te 3, then 4S.'ifdS. However, in place of 42...�xf3. stronger is 42...'i!Ye5! 43 .t2Jd4 .idS! in order, by having a de­ fence for the d3-pawn, to transfer the queen to e8 and the rook to eS, threat­ ening to win the h-pawn. White's posi­ tion is highly constrained.

41 ...'ij¥xf2+ 42.Uxf2 �xf3! Steinitz: A beautiful coup which wins a

pawn and decides the game. Scballopp: A splendid finish. Black han­ dles the bishop quite excellently. 43.g4

Steinitz: Desperate, but he had no good

resource. Obviously he could not stop the d-pawn if he took the bishop, and if 43.t2Jg2 �xg2 44.�xg2 cxb3 4S .axb3 :c I and wins both pawns, for if now 46.c4 :c2 47.Wfl d2 48.�e2 dl'iY+ and wins. 43 ....2.e2 44.l2Jg2 d2 cxb3 46.axb3 �xg4

45.tLle3

White resigns.

s.cs

Steinitz: From the course which the present game takes, we feel satisfied that this s i not unfavourable for the first player. Hoffer: Mr. Steinitz thought this advance premature. If properly followed up, it was not so in Zukertort's opinion. s...as 6.'Wb3 'i'c7 7.l2Jc3 tLld7 Schallopp: Black firstly prevented the

closing of the chain by b4, and now intends to undermine it by means of ... b6, which White endeavours to prevent. 8.tLla4l!Jgf6

Steinitz: 8 ... tLle7, followed by ... l2Jc8,

2 9 6 Slav Defence

also has its points, and may be safely adopted.

3rd Match Game. New York,

Scbollopp: 9.tLlb6 l!Jxb6 IO.cxb6 would

Zukertort Steinitz

I 5 January 1886

Notes by Steinitz, Hoffer and Schallopp

1.d4 dS 2.c4 c6 3.e3 �fS 4.a3

Hoffer: Preparing at once the advance of

the pawns on the queen's side. The continuation in the first game was 4.lLlc3. Schallopp: Though the intended subse­ quent advance of the c-pawn keeps the bishop away from the b8-h2 diagonal, on which it developed such great effi­ ciency in the first game, in other re­ spects it proves to be just as unfavour­ able. 4...e6 480

9.l!Je2

be wrong. because of I O...'i'd8, on which the loss of a pawn by ... tLld7 cannot be prevented. 9...�e710.tLlg3 Hoffer: This knight ought to have been

played w c3, as the sequel proved. 1 0...�g6 ntba

1 1 ..2.d2 0-0

12..2.e2

Steinitz: A powerful attack on the queen's side is instituted by this move. The opening of the b-file is forced at Black's option, for White cannot fix his knight and eventually his pawn at b6, for he would ultimately lose that pawn by .. .t2Jd7.

World Championship Match with Steinitz 1 8 8 6 Schallopp: Black has imperturbably pur­

sued his aim and now through the next move obtains the better game.

13.0-0 Steinitz: 1 3 .'iid l , with the object of sup­

porting the chain of pawns by b4, was preferable, but Black, in that case, could also obtain a good game by ... b S , fol­ lowed by ... a4. Hoffer: IfWhite had played I O.lbc3 then he would now be able to continue with 1 3 .lbb6 tbxb6 l 4.cxb6 �d8 and pro­ tect the advanced pawn whenever re­ quired with tba4. 1 3...b6 14.cxb6 lbxb6 15.t2Jxb6 llxb6 16.v.i'c3 'i¥b71 7Jla2 Steinitz: Much as this hampers his game, it was, no doubt, his best, and as will be seen, he obtains thereby the opportu­ nity of placing his bishop on c3 after removing the queen. 1 7 .�c l instead, the only other alternative, would have blocked his game beyond hope of extri­ cation. Schallopp: A sorry post for the rook. 1 7...lbd71 8.�d1 Steinitz: A bold move which offers to give up a pawn for position. 1 8...c5 Steinitz: If 1 8 ....abt J 9 .rlal :lxb2 20.i.a4 lbb8 (20 .. J:tb6 2 J .�xc6 �xc6 n.:axb l ) 2 l .�cl l:lb6 or l:!.a6, and though Black is a pawn ahead, he seems ,

to have little prospect of utilising his advantage. 1 9..aa4 Schollopp: On 1 9.b3 could have followed 1 9 ... c4 20.bxc4 dxc4, since 2 l .V.Wxc4 led to a speedy loss because of 2 1 . . J'k6 22.'ile2 li'bl. 1 9...c4 Schallopp: What you do to me, so I to you. But on White's part, the advance was premature, here i t is made at the right time. 20.'Wc1 tbf6 21.�c3 �d6 22.f3 Steinitz: Loss of time. As be is immedi­ ately compelled to advance this pawn two squares, he would have better sub­ mitted to the necessity at once. 22 ...'i!Vb8 Schollopp: This forces the advance of the f-pawn, since on 23JWe l , at least a pawn is lost by 23 ....2.d3. 23.f4 Steinitz: If 23.'iliel Black would answer 23 ... �d3 winning a pawn. 23...�d3 24.l:!.e 1

24... h5 Steinitz: Of course with the object of ad­

vancing on the knight and then enter­ ing with his own knight at e4 into a commanding position. Schallopp: Compelling the opponent to block with his h-pawn, which now be­ comes a welcome object of attack and after six moves will be won. 481

]ohannes Zukertort

25.h4 Steinitz: This pawn is ultimately lost, but

it was, no doubt, his best play to de­ fend the centre against the occupation of the adverse knight as long as possi­ ble. 2s..:iYda 26...id1 Schallopp: So as, on 26 . . .lug4, to equalise the game by 27 .lbxh5 'ii'xh4 28 ..ixg4 'ifxg4 29.'i¥dl . 26...g6 Schallopp: Black protects hS, and then continues the attack on h4 only after se­ curing himselfon all sides. 27.'�'d2

27...l:lbb8 Steinitz: 27 ...l'1b5 was much superior, for

it would have subsequently enabled Black to double the rooks without loss

of time. White could not well displace the rook by a4 without afterward sub­ jecting himself to a vehement attack at b4. 28.'i'f2 �e7 29.�f3 Schallopp: On indifferent moves, e.g. 29.l::ta l , Black wins the pawn on h4 by a move of the knight, the best perhaps ... tLle8. After the text move, the latter would be met by 30.e4. 29 ..l2Je4 Steinitz: Hardly as good as 29 ... l2Je8 with the object of afterward playing the knight to d6 and bS. .

482

Hoffer: If the knight retire, White would open the game with 30.e4 and get a fine position. 30...ixe4 dxe4 31.l2Jh1 .ixh4 32.g3 �e7 33.'it'd2 'it'd5

Hoffer: Black has now won a pawn, and he steadily follows up now with a ma­ noeuvre by which he hopes to break up the opponent's game on the queen 's wing, while White essays the same on the opposite wing. The knight proves now very powerful, while the black queen's bishop is rather hampered. 34.l2Jf2 a4 Steinitz: Black pursues the simple plan of breaking in on the queen's side. But ...g5, a move pointed out by Mr. }.Ryan, would have won with great ease, e.g. 34 ... g5 35.'�g2 (if 35.fxg5 'i'xg5 3 6.'�g2 or 36.�h2 �d6 followed by . . . h4 or ... �h7 and should win) 3 5 ... gxf4 36.gxf4 �h7 with a winning attack. 35.Wg2l:lb3 36.l.'th1 Wg7 Schallopp: 36 ...f5 would have defmitely forestalled White's counterattack. 37.1Iaa1 �d8 Schallopp: Also now 3 7 .. .fS was appropri­ ate, to secure the carrying out of the in­ tended combination (... �aS followed by ... �xc3 and ... llab8). 38.g4

World Championship Match with Steinitz 1 8 8 6 I

38. .hxg4? .

Steinitz: An unhappy move which use­

lessly subjects him w a powerful attack, and is all the worse as he would have won the game straight off by 3 8 ...�aS 39.gxhS (if 39.�xaS, Black retakes with the queen, and should White ex­ change queens, his b-pawn must soon fall. Black otherwise could also obtain a very fine game by doubling the rooks on the b-file) 3 9...hc3 40.bxc3 l:tab8 4 1 .hxg6 fxg6 42.'i¥dl 'iWfS followed by . . Jlb2 or ...:txc3 l with a winning game. Hoffer: The move Black had recorded at the adjournment. It would have been better to continue with 38 ...i.aS. White's best answer was 3 9 .l:tac 1 as defence. Schallopp: It would be better now to move the bishop at once to aS. White seems to overlook the rook offer following on the 40th move. 39.t!:lxg4 .1a5 Steinitz: His game was no longer as good as before, though he was a pawn ahead. 3 9... ..te7, followed by . . . l:tg8 and ...�f8 , would have given him fair chances of an attack, with at least a draw. The move in the text is a grievous blunder, which loses right off. Hoffer: Unconscious of the imminent danger. If 39 ... fS, then 40.tLleS �as 4 1 .l:tagl �xc3 42.bxc3 l:tab8 43 .�f2! Schallopp: A mistake! Black should bring the king into safety via f8 and e7.

40Jlh7+! Hoffer: With one blow the game is trans­

formed. White now obtains a decisive attack. 40...�f8 Steinitz: If he could have gained two pieces for the queen, it would have been his best resource, but he could not. e.g. 40 ...Wxh7 4 l .tLlf6+ �g7 42.tLlxdS. and if 42...�xc3 the knight retakes. while if 42 . . . exd5. White an­ swers 43.�xa5 . 41.l:th8+�g7 Steinitz: If 4 1 ...�e7 42.tl.xa8 �xc3 (or 42.. .'iha8 43.�xaS) 43.l:ta7+ fol­ lowed by bxc3 with a rook ahead. Schallopp: Now 42.l:txa8 does not achieve the objective. because of 42.. .�xc3. White therefore continues the attack in a different way 42J�h7+ Wf8 Hoffer: Black here offered a draw ,

.

.

43.'tlif2! 483

}ohannes Zukertort Steinitz: A masterly coup which decides

the game. 43. .�d8

Schallopp: If Black takes the rook, then

follows of course 48.'iVh4. In addition.

.

No better was 43 . . . .ixc3 44.bxc3 gS 4S.loe5 followed by fxgS or .l:tx£7+. Hoffer: If 4 3 ...�xc3, then simply 44. bxc3, threatening of course 45.'1Wh4. If 43 . . . g 5 , then 44.fxg5 threatening immediate mate. If 43 .. /l;>e?, then 44.'U#'h4+ Wd6 4S .Uxf7 �d8 46.'irh7. 47 .lLleS etc.

47 .'ifg3 ! was also decisive.

Steinitz:

44.l2Je5 Schallopp: White energetically maintains

the attack. 44 ..wg8 .

Steinitz: If 44 .. Jla7, the answer 45J�h8+

was equally fatal.

Schallopp: On 44 .. :ta7, resp. .. J:tb7, fol­ .

lows, as in the text, 45 l:tah 1 . 45J:tah1 �f6

K

here. In the first and third games he played 3.e3. The text move is probably the strongest continuation. 3 ...ttJf6 Steinitz: 3 ... dxc4 would not be good, as White would attack the pawn by 4.e3, which cannot be protected by 4... b5, on account of S.lLlxbS followed by

4.e3 �f5 Steinitz: This is disadvantageous now, as

46Jbf7

chances after 46 ... l:tab8 or ... ft'bS. 46...Uf8 Hoffer: Of course, if 46... �xe5, then 47 .fxeS threatening 48 .Uh8+. Schallopp: Against 4 6...-ixeS. decisive is 47.fxe5 'iid8! 48.'iff4 gS 49 . .l:th8+ �xh8 SO ....h2+ etc. 47.l:txf6!

484

1.d4 d5 2.c4 c6 3.l2Jc3 Hoffer: White modified his opening

uation is 4.e3 �e6 (if 4...b5 then S.lLlxbS cxbS 6.'iYf3 etc.) s.ttJf3 and White would either recover the pawn or obtain an overwhelming advantage of position. If 3 ...-ifs . then 4.cxd5 cxdS 5.'iYb3, or at once 4.'Wb3 etc.

Hoffer: Best. 46.ft'g3 would offer some

'ifh4.

Schallopp

Hoffer: If 3 ... dxc4, the theoretical contin­

.l ll .l .t. i 'iftLJ .l · � .l � � � � .t � � 'ti' � r.t

Black resigns

Sth Match Game, New York,

20 January 1886 Notes by Steinitz, Lasker, Hoffer and

'i+'f3.

h2 'ti'c6 30.l:l.eg1 Schallopp: Threatening 3 I .lZ:JhS. The best reply for Black is probably 3 0 ...'ti'e8

followed eventually by ... �d7, and only then ...lZ:Je7. 30...lZ:Je7 31.fr'f2

31 ...'fke8

Steinitz: Of course, fatal at once, but there was nothing to be done. If 3 1 .. .'ilr'd7 3 2 .''i'h4 l:tc8 3 3 .lZ:Jh5 l:tg8 34.lZ:Jf6 and wins; or 3 3 .'tWh6 .llg 8 34.�b4 and

wins.

Hoffer: Black took nearly half an hour over this move, which loses a piece. His game was, however, utterly disorga­ nised, e.g. 3 l ...'it'd7 32.�b4 lZ:Jc6 3 3 . ..td6 l:tc8 34.�h4 lZ:JaS (if 34 ...'i¥d8, then 3S.'ii'h6 etc.) 3 S .l:tg4 threatening 36.lZ:Jg6+ \if moves 3 7 .'Wxh7 + Wxh7 3 8.l:th4+ lZ:JhS 39.l:txh5+ and mate in two moves. If 3 1 . . . lZ:Jg6, then 3 2Jhg6 hxg6 33 .lZ:Jxg6+ '1t>g8 34.'tth4 etc. Schallopp: Now this is a serious mistake, since the e6-pawn loses the protection of the queen. Meanwhile White has al­ ready for a long time had the superior position and would have undoubtedly even against a better defence led his troops to victory. In this connection we take the following variation from Sonntagsblatt 3 l . . .lZ:Je8 3 2."�'h4 and White threatens mate in four moves: 33.llg8+ lZ:Jxg8 34.lZ:Jg6+ Wg7 3 5 .lZ:Je7+. 36.l:tg8 mate; if Black par­ ries this threat by 3 2 ... l:tg7, then fol-

487

johannes Zukertort

lows 3 3.lhg7 ci::lxg7 34.'ir'h6 ci::lc 8� 3 S .ci::lh 5 and the loss of a piece is un­ avoidable; just as little helps the protec­ tion 32...ci::lg 7, then 3 3 .'ii'h6 ci::lc 8 34.ci::lh 5 ! etc. Against the move 3 l ...ci::lg 8, which an American analyst proposes, decisive is 32.ci::lg 6+ hxg6 3 3 .'ii'h4+ followed by 34.lhg6, etc. Also there is no salvation in 3 ! ... l:tc8, e.g. 32.'{i'h4 l:tg8 3 3 .'iVh6, and Black can only move queen and bishop, with­ out, however, being able to meet the el­ egant four move mate 34Jig4. 3 S .'a'xh7+, 3 6 .l:!h4+, 3 7 .l:txhS + . other than by the saddest sacrifice. On other replies on the 3 1 st move, White finally achieves victory with 'fkf2-h4-h6, followed eventually by ci::lf4-h5-f6 etc. Lasker: A blunder, but the black position. weak on all black squares and battered on the g-file, was untenable.

32.l:xg7 Black resigns. Steinitz: If 32..Jhg7 3 3 .l:txg7 Wxg7 34.ci::lxe6+ W moves 36.ci::lxc7 with a piece and a pawn ahead. Mr. Zukertort deserves high praise for the rare skill and vigour with which he had con­ ducted the attack. Lasker: If Zukertort has a plan in mind, he is a match for Steinitz, possibly even his peer In this game, every move of 488

Zukertort's pointed towards a vigorous cooperation of the pieces united to at­ tack the king - at first against its initial position, then against the castled king. The forceful concentration of pieces against the king is the old Italian plan; Zukertort found it ready made, and in the tactics of mere execution he was a great master. Steinitz, however, discov­ ered sound and successful plans over the board.

298 Queen's Gambit

Zukertort Steinitz

1 3th Match Game. New Orleans,

5 March 1886 Notes by Steinitz, Lasker, Hoffer and Scballopp

1.d4 dS 2.c4 e6 3.ci::lc3 ci::lf6 4..tf4 Schallopp: Wh�te chooses this time a slightly different way of development than in earlier games. On the whole it amounts to the same thing. 4...c5 Steinitz: Morphy, in his match with Harrwitz, Paris 1 85 8 , here played 4... a6, which precaution against the en­ trance of the queen 's knight is not alone unnecessary, as will be seen, but gave him such an inferior game that, as stated by Lowenthal. he decided to avoid this form of the Queen's Gambit, by playing l . . .fS . in reply to l .d4. Schallopp: Black goes out again to isolate thed-pawn. s.e3 Steinitz: If now S.ci::lb S cxd4 and White dare not answer 6.ci::lc 7+. on account of 6... 'i¥xc7 7.�xc7 ..ib4+, recovering the queen with a pawn ahead. Nor does White improve his game by 6.�a4, on account of the rejoinder 6 .....td7 which

World Championship Match with Ste in it z 1 8 8 6

would also enable him to take knight with queen, in reply to lDc7+, and if 6.�xd4 lDc6, followed by ...�b4+ with the superior game. 5...cxd4 Hoffer: The text move is 'the isolated pawn theory' tacked on to the old style. Zukertort is of the opinion lately. that the disadvantage of the isolated pawn is compensated by more freedom of ac­ tion obtained by White. 6.exd4 dxc4 7.�xc4

7...lDc6 Steinitz: 7 ...lDbd7 is, we believe, the proper post for that knight, and should, by correct continuation, give Black the superior position, similar to the one which Steinitz obtained in the ninth game of the match, played at St. Louis. Any attempt on White's part to press the attack, by 8.lDb5, would then be worse than premature, e.g. 7 ...lDbd7 8.lDbS .tb4+ 9.�f! 0-0 I O.lDc7 lDb6 l J .lDxa8 (if l l..�.b3, then l l ...lDbdS, and evidently, if White then takes the rook, he will lose his bishop, and his knight will not be able to get out) 1 J ...lDxc4 1 2.lDc7 eS 1 3 . ..txe5 (if 1 3 .dxe5, then 1 3 .. .'i!fxc7) 1 3 ...lDg4, threatening ... lDe3+. with a vehement attack. 8.lDf3 ..te7 9.0-0 0-0 10J:te1 ..id7 11.�e2 �a5 12.lbb5

Schallop: A mistaken manoeuvre. The

black queen is restricted; but he does not manage to trap it. 1 2...a6 1 3.�c7 Steinitz: Beyond slightly disarranging the position of pawns on Black's queen's wing, he gains nothing by the combined attack of bishop and knight, and further bearing out the remarks in our note on Black's 4th move, it will be seen that lDc7 now would have been bad, on account of the reply .. Jla?, winning two minor pieces for the rook finally. 1 3...b6 Steinitz: Of course the only answer to save the queen which, if removed, would be harassed to death by the ad­ verse pawns. 14.lDc3 l:tfc8 15.i.f4 Schallopp: White has now, after four moves, again reached the old position; but Black, in the meantime, has gained terrain and obtained an attack. 1 5...b5 Lasker: The black queen has parried the assault and now Black assumes the ini­ tiative by pushing the queen's side pawns. so as to gain space for his pieces. 1 6.�b3 "i:Vb6 17J�ed1 Steinitz: This rook has now moved twice, and has afterward to return again to the post he now leaves. But, of course, it was of importance to him to defend the cl-pawn once more, for the purpose of releasing his king's knight, and be would not employ the other rook on the d-file for this post, probably be­ cause he had in view an eventual attack by a4, or posting that rook at c I . 1 7...lba5 Lasker: An advanced post at c4 is to be established! 18.gc2 lDc4 1 9.gd3lDd6 489

]ohannes Zukertort Lasker: Why the advance post so soon re­ tires is not dear, unless it is so that the knight may take up a waiting position

where it keeps its posts, c4 and f5. 20.tbe5 ..Q.e8

:1

eye

on two strong

:1

.! • .t i i i i 'ii' � · � i ttJ � � tb � �� 'fli � � � n � cJi 21 .�g5

Hoffer: Threatening 22.d5. If 22...lDxd5,

then 23.lDxd5 winning a piece; if 2 2 . . .exd5, then 2 3 .tbxf7 �xf7 24.\\Yxel +

39. .'fi'e7? .

Steinitz: This hasty and ill-considered move compromises his advantage seri­ ously. 3 9 .. .'iYb8 instead would have left White practically without resource, for, supposing 39 ... 'tlfb8 40 .l2:if4 rieS 41. �b 1 �e7, winning easily. Lasker: Herewith Black loses a move, which in the defence is a matter of im491

]ohannes Zukertort portance. He should at once attack the queen with 39 ...�a8. If 40.'ti'xb4 tbh4 and Black, who has a firm hold on the a-pawn also, would assume the offen­ sive against the king. That was the logi­ cal conclusion, but Steinitz failed here and afterwards failed again, when the queen on e2 came under the fire of the white rook and at last lost the game. It is useless to record the remaining moves of the game; they would tell nothing, whereas up to the present point the idea of an attack by pawns advancing on the queen's side is well exemplified.

...'ii'f6, if White opposed his queen at e3. Schallopp: Incomprehensible. With 47 ...'it'f4 Black would maintain quite a good attack.

48.'�e3l!fd6

Steinitz: He had no time for instituting the contemplated attack by ... 'i!Vb7, against the king's flank, for White, after simply defending by £3 , would threaten �e8, besides l:hd4 or a3.

.i.

r

40.tbf4 l%e5 41.'iYb1 ltxe1 +

Steinitz: If 4 l . . .�c6 instead, then White could win at least another pawn by 42.tbxg6, followed by 43.i.xf5+. Schallopp: 4 1 .. .�c6 was better. In any case Black should not have exchanged the rook.

42Jbe1 �c3

Schallopp: 4 3. .axf5 was threatened. 42 ...'iVc5 does not work because of 43 ..ixfS followed by 44.tbe6+.

43.tbd5 'iYc5

Schallopp: Better is 43 ... 'ifd8 (44.tbxc7 �xel 45.tbxe8+ 'iYxe8 46.'iix el �f6t) though the following variation, 44.l:ldl tbd4 4S.tbxc7 �xc7, came to the same thing as the game itself. 44.tbxc7�xc7

Obviously compulsory. 44 ... gxe 1 , then 45.tbxe8+ etc.

Hoffer:

If

45.ltd1

Hoffer: If 4S ..axf5 , then 45 ... �xe1 46.'ifxe 1 gxfS and White cannot cap­ ture the bishop on account of Black threatening mate.

45...tbd4 4G.gc4 �c6 47.�d3 �aB? Steinitz: A grossly misconceived plan

which only loses valuable time. The proper play was 47 ...'iYf4, followed by 492

49.a3! Steinitz: A splendid coup. which re­

lieves him of all trouble on the queen's side.

49...�c6

Steinitz: Of course, if 49 ...tbf3+, then

White would simply take the knight with queen Schallopp: This is no longer useful. Black is already dependent on waiting moves.

50.axb4 'iYf6

Steinitz: This protects the bishop indirectly,

for White dare not take on account of ...tbe2+. A comparison of this position with the one indicated in our note on Black's 47th move will show that Black has lost several important moves, for he might have then arrived at the present position of his minor pieces and the queen, with a strong pawn at b4, which White could not have got rid ofby a3.

World Championship Match with Steinitz 1 8 8 6

51.�f1 ltJb5 52.�e6 1lfxe6 53.�xe6 �xb4 Steinitz: It would probably have been better to return with the knight to d4, followed by ...Wf6 , in reply to �c4.

.i.

.i

� .t � l:[

� .l .l

Steinitz: White has most

cleverly drawn off the adverse king from the support of the pawns on the other wing, and his

passed b-pawn having served its pur­ pose, he abandons it in right time, in order to get rid of all the pawns on the other side and to remain with two com­ bined passed pawns which win easily with the help of the king. 65...�xb6 66.lhh6 cJ;c7

��� �

54.£.d71

The two minor pieces, when alone on the board and in an open po­ sition, can only with difficulty make a stand against a rook and passed pawn if cut off from the support of their king, more especially are bishop and knight helpless in such contingencies, as compared to two bishops. White exer­ cises very fine judgement in thus forc­ ing the exchange of one of the adverse bishops. Schallopp: White forces the exchange of the bishop and now has a slightly better endgame. All the same it is still quite difficult. 54... ltJc3 Steinitz: 54 ...ltJa7 was still worse, for then followed: SS.l:tal �cS 56.9,.xc6 ltJxc6 5 7 . .l::tc I and wins. 55Jld4 �xd7 56.l:txd7+ �f6 57.l:td4 �e7 58.b4 �e5 59..!:!.c4 ltJb5 60J�c6 Ad6 61.l:tb6 lDd4 62.l:lb71 Schallopp: The rook manoeuvre is quite splendid. 62...g5 63.b5 �d5 64.b6 'it>c6 65J4h7 Steinitz :

67.h41 Steinitz:

White clears the road to vic­

tory.

Schollopp: White hereby obtains two con­

nected passed pawns, and now the win is no longer all that difficult. 67...gxh4 68.l:lxh4 ltJf5 69Jlh7+ Wd8 70.g4 ltJe771.�g2 wee Steinitz : ... ltJg6. with the object of fixing himself at f4 with the knight, was also of no use, for White would enter with his king at e4 vi a f3, and then he could easily manoeuvre to attack the adverse bishop in a loose position or else to reach fS with his rook. 72.'jo>f3 �c5 73.l:lh5 �d4 74.�g3 Wf7 75.f4 �c3 Hoffer: Mr. Steinitz gave here notice that the remainder of the game should pro­ ceed under 'the fifty-move rule'. 76..l:lb5 9,.e1 + 77.�f3 �c3 78.g5 �a1 79.Wg4 �c3 80.f5 .id4 81.llb7 .tc3 82.Wh5 493

]ohannes Zukertort Hoffer: See the article by Zukertort, fol­

lowing this game, for further analysis of this ending. 82...�d4 83.�h6 Steinitz: The whole conduct of the game after the exchange of queens, is a model of fme ending play by Mr. Zukertort. 83 ...gg7+ 84.�h7 ges 85.g6+ \t>f8

the rook were mostly stronger than the two pieces if each party had other pawns on the board, but in that particu­ lar instance I thought I ought to have an opportunity of sacrificing one of my pieces for two pawns. It appears now that my general judgement was correct, though my special reasons over the board were wrong. For Professor Berger, of Graz, points out that I could have drawn that game as late as the 82nd move, and therefore four moves before I resigned. The position shown on the subjoined diagram and the demonstra­

tion of our distinguished correspon­ dent will be found fully worthy of study.

1-

I

86Jbe7!

Steinitz: The final crushing blow. After this, there is nothing to be done, for White will advance the g-pawn which Black must take, and then the other pawn queens without hindrance. Black resigns. Black to move, played here 82 ..�d4. Professor Berger gives us the key move to an analysis which proves that 82 ... �g7 would draw, e.g 8 2. .gg7 83.l:rd7 (if 83 . .l:ta7 or 83 .l:lc7 Black at­ tacks the rook accordingly at eS or d4, and White can never gain time for the winning move, �h6) 83 ... --tes, and now 84. �h6 will not answer on ac­ count of the rejoinder, 84 ... �e8, fol­ lowed by 8S . . .tbxfS+, and if 84.g6+, then 84...�f6 8S.g7 (or 8S.Wg4 lLlxfS 86.l:rf7+ �xg6) 8S ... lLlg8 etc.' Well, I think that Mr. Steini tz puts the case far too strong when saying that it was supposed that two passed pawns .

The August number of Mr. Steinitz' In­ ternational Chess Magazine contains, in its section 'Personal and General', the fol­ lowing remarks: 'It has hitherto been supposed that two passed pawns and a rook always win by force against two minor pieces, and I recollect that Zukertort, who is well known as a fine ending player, somewhat reproachingly remarked to me that some time before the end of the thirteenth game, which I lost in New Orleans, he expected me to resign, instead of claiming a count of fifty moves as I did. I then answered that I was well aware that the two pawns and 494

.

World Championship Match with Steinitz 1 8 86

and a rook always(J) win by force against two minor pieces, nor do I quite understand his argument about either party having additional pawns. So they were in our case until they were ex­ changed, as they usually are in all simi­ lar cases, which I know from my own experience or the literature of the game. I must further add that Mr. Steinitz. misunderstood me completely if he thought that I was complaining about his not resigning earlier. He certainly resigned at the proper moment, viz.: when his game became hopeless. What I considered not quite right on his part was his declaration at the 7 Sth move that he do proceed under the fifty move rule, for the rule did not apply for end­ ings like the one we were playing, or at least not for that stage of it. My opinion on the matter was shared at the time by the gentlemen present of our committee. Professor Berger's analytical remarks, given by Mr. Steinitz., are certainly clever, but not exhaustive. When I started on the advance of my king, which was necessary for the support of the pawns, I fully expected that my op­ ponent would try to prevent me from crossing with my king the square h6, and, of course, he could only do it with: 82...�g7 It is pretty obvious that White must move his rook, and that the different rook's moves which Professor Berger mentions are of no use. But I still think that the move which I had decided at the time of play in answer to the bishop s move would have won, viz.: 83.l:tb5 Black, in his turn, has not much choice: he dare not play his king, for 84.f6 '

would then prove decisive; any bishop's move, but to f8, would permit 84.Wh6, with a similar continuation as in actual play. So we must examine 8 3 ...�f8 or any promising knight's moves. 83....if8 84.16

84...�c6 If 84 ...ti::c 8, then 85.llb8 ltJd6 86.g6+ etc; if 84 ...CiJg8. then 8S.�b7+ �e6 86.l:b6+ Wf7 87.g6+ etc. 85.g6+�g8 If8S . . �xf6 or e6 then 86.l:tb6. 86J:lb7 any 87.l:h7 and wins. .

Or

83...tt:Jg8 The only continuati on which offers some difficulty. If 8 3 ... ltJc6 then 84.f6 �f8 (84 ...�xf6 85.l:tfS) 8S.g6+ etc., as in the preceding variation; if 83 .. ltJc8, then 84.f6 i.f8 (best) 8S.l:lb7+ Wg8 (best) 86.g6 etc. 495

Johannes Zukenon

84J:tb6 .Q.d4 If 84 ...We7 (84 ... � anywhere else 85 .f6+) , then 85.