Johannes Brahms: Symphony No. 4 in E Minor, Op. 98 0393966771, 9780393966770

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Johannes Brahms i

Symphony No. 4

in

E minor Op. 98

-

Edited by

Kenneth Hull [authoritative SC ^€~~

BACKGROUND CONTEXT CRITICISM

ANALYSIS

1

BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY Copley Square Boston, MA 021 16

Brahms

Symphony No. 4 In E minor. Op. 98

Authoritative Score

Background Criticism

•

•

Context

Analysis

Norton

Critical Scores

bach

Cantata No. 4

BACH

Cantata No. 140

BEETHOVEN

Edited by Gerhard Herz

Symphony No.

5 in

C Minor

Symphony

BERLIOZ

Fantastic

BRAHMS

Symphony No. 4

CHOPIN

Preludes,

DEBUSSY

Edited by Gerhard Herz

in

Opus 28

Edited by Elliot Forbes

Edited by

E Minor

Edward

Cone

Edited by Kenneth Hull

Edited by Thomas Higgins

“The Afternoon ofa Faun Edited by William A. Austin Prelude

T.

”

to

MOZART Piano Concerto

in

C Major,

K. 503

Edited by Joseph Kerman

MOZART Symphony PALESTRINA

PURCELL

SCHUBERT

in

G

Minor, K. 550

Pope Marcellus Mass

Dido and Aeneas

Symphony

in

Edited by Nathan Broder

Edited by Lewis Lockwood

Edited by Curtis Price

B Minor ( Unfinished )

Edited by Martin Chusid

SCHUMANN

Dichterliebe

STRAVINSKY

Petrushka

Edited by Charles

Prelude and

“

WAGNER

Edited by Arthur

Transfiguration

Edited by Robert Bailey

’

Komar

Hamm from Tristan and Lsolde

NORTON CRITICAL SCORE

A

Brahms

Symphoey No. 4 fnm

IE

minor, (0)pE 98

Authoritative Score

Background Criticism

Edited by

•

•

Context

Analysis

KENNETH HULL

CONRAD GREBEL COLLEGE, WATERLOO, CANADA

W W NORTON •

•

& COMPANY

•

NEW YORK LONDON •

\

The

score

is

based on a copy kindly supplied

by the Music Library, University of California.

The

text

of this book

is

composed

in

Garamond

UG / GGS Information Services,

Composition by

Inc.

Music composition by Willow Graphics Manufacturing by Courier

Book design by Jack Meserole Editor:

Anne White

Managing Editor: Jane Carter Manufacturing Director: Roy Tedoff Cover photograph courtesy ofOsterr.

Copyright

J.

Brahms-Gesellschaft,

Brahms-Museum Miirzzuschlag

© 2000 by W. W. Norton & Company,

Inc.

All rights reserved

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

First

Edition

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

ISBN 0-393-96677-1

W. W. Norton

& Company, Inc.,

500

Fifth

(pbk.)

Avenue,

New York,

N.Y. 10110

www.wwnorton.com

W. W. Norton

& Company Ltd.,

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WC1A

1PU

Contents Preface

vii /

THE SCORE OF SYMPHONY NO. 1

.

Allegro

non troppo

4,

OP. 98

3

2.

Andante moderato

3.

Allegro giocoso

4.

Allegro energico e passionato

31

43 76

Textual Notes

113

BACKGROUND Historical

AVN1D)

CONTEXT

Background

118

Correspondence before Publication

136

BRAHMS AND ELISABET VON HERZOGENBERG 1 884-86) BRAHMS AND JOSEPH JOACHIM (1886) 139 (

Reviews of First and Early Performances Frankfurt, F. S.

November 3, 1885

166

In Frankfurter Zeitung

The Hague, November

UNSIGNED

In

14,

1885

Het Vaderland

Vienna, January 17,

1886

166 168 168

169

LUDWIG SPEIDEL In Fremden-Blatt 170 172 EDUARD HANSLICK In Neue Freie Presse 174 HUGO WOLF In Wiener Salonblatt V

1

36

166

CONTENTS

VI

1886 177 OTTO GUMPRECHT In National-Zeitung

Berlin February

1,

,

1

77

Hamburg, April 9, 1886

179 In Hamburgischer Correspondent

JOSEPH SITTARD London,

May

10,

1886

179

181

UNSIGNED In The Times 181 UNSIGNED In The Athenaeum 183 GEORGE BERNARD SHAW In The World (1890) 183 HERBERT ANTCLIFFE In Monthly Musical Record ( 1 904)

New

York,

December

11,

1886

HENRY THEOPHILUS FINCK HENRY EDWARD KREHBIEL 1886-1887 188 Paris,

January 12, 1890

ARTHUR POUGIN RENE DE RECY

86

187 In

New

York Evening Post

In Review of the

New

87 York Musical Season 1

189

In Le Menestrel In Revue bleue

ADOLPHE JULLIEN

1

190 191

In Musiciens d’aujourd’hui (1892)

192

ANALYSIS AND CRITICISM HERMANN KRETZSCHMAR from Guide to the Concert Hall (1887) 196 HUGO RIEMANN “Johannes Brahms, Fourth Symphony (E minor)” 200 MAX KALBECK from Johannes Brahms (1912) 213 DONALD FRANCIS TOVEY from Essays in Musical Analysis (1917) 237 HEINRICH SCHENKER from Free Composition (1933) 245 RUDOLF KLEIN from “The Structural Foundations of the Brahms Symphonies” (1968) 247 RENE LEIBOWITZ from “Aimez-vous Brahms?” (1971) 250 DAVID OSMOND-SMITH “The Retreat from Dynamism: A Study of Brahms’s Fourth Symphony” (1983) 252 WALTER FRISCH from Brahms: The Four Symphonies (1996) 271 RAYMOND KNAPP from Brahms and the Challenge of the Symphony 294 (1997) KENNETH HULL from “Allusive Irony in Brahms’s Fourth Symphony” 306 (1998) (1897)

Further Reading

327

Preface This volume reprints the in Berlin in 1886.

but

reliable score

I

is

Symphony, published hive chosen it because it is both an authentic and a highly not readily available to students and scholars, unlike the first

Collected Edition reprint.

edition of Brahms’s Fourth

The

first

tational style, such as his use of

ments rather than “a 2 " with

The

section

edition follows Brahms’s preferences in no-

double stems for pairs of wind and brass instru-

a single stem.

Background and Context begins with

a historical essay that tells

and publication of the Fourth Symphony. Here scholars and students of Brahms’s music will find new details, such as those relating to the tour of the Meiningen orchestra, which premiered the new work in cities along the Rhine, and to the relationship between Brahms and Hans von Biilow during the journey. The next two subsections, Correspondence before Publication and Reviews of First and Early Performances, supply the reader with a chronological series of documents that convey the early reception history of the Fourth Symphony. In addition to Brahms and Billow’s tour with the Meiningen orchestra and the Vienna premiere, the reviews cover first performances in England, the United States, and France. The ephemeral nature of newspaper reviews makes much of in some cases no known copies of important this material difficult to locate European newspapers survive. Half of the sixteen reviews in this volume are the story of the conception, composition, early reception,

—

being published in English for the the reception of the Fourth

first

time.

They

Symphony, but

offer insights not only into

also

the overall view of

into

Brahms’s music.

The

analytical

and

volume. Here again

I

critical essays that

follow

make up

the largest part of the

have favored the inclusion of important

not previously published in English translation. In addition, says to represent as ble.

The

is

interested

It is a

a variety of analytical

and

critical

have selected

approaches

es-

as possi-

on the Fourth Symphony that has appeared in the last readily available, and therefore only a small sampling is included. reader may consult the bibliography at the end of this volume.

excellent writing

twenty years

The

wide

I

earlier material

pleasure to acknowledge the support and assistance of the

and colleagues who contributed

to the

many

friends

production of this volume. For their help vii

PREFACE

Vlll

with matters great and small,

Bowman, George Sally

I

thank Carmeta Abbot, Mel Ankeny, Durrell

Bozarth, David Brodbeck, Eleanor Dueck, Robert Fowler,

Haag, David Huron, Andrea Kreutzer, Helen Martens, Werner Packull,

the late Isobel

Woods

Preece,

and

Edmund

Priess.

I

am

also grateful for the

guidance and encouragement of Claire Brook, Michael Ochs, Suzanne La Plante,

and Anne White of W.

W.

Norton.

INSTRUMENTATION 2 Flutes (2 doubles on Piccolo) 2 Oboes 2 Clarinets in A,

C

2 Bassoons

Contrabassoon 4 Horns in E, 2 Trumpets in 3

Trombones

Timpani Triangle

Violin

1

Violin 2

Viola Violoncello

Double Bass

C E, C

F,

Symphony No. 4 Allegro uon troppo

3

in

E Minor

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