Iraq Beyond The Headlines: History, Archaeology, And War 9812564764, 9789812564764

Table of contents :
Contents
List of Illustrations
Preface
Chapter 1 Beginnings Modern and Ancient
1. What is Iraq?
2. The Birthplace of Civilization
3. Production of Food: An Important Transition for the Human Race
4. Settlement in the Plains
5. A Durable Peasant Culture
6. The First Cities
Bibliographical Note to Chapter 1
Chapter 2 Early City States and Empires
1. New Polities
2. Ur of the Chaldees
3. The Rise of Kingship
4. The City Shuruppak
5. Lagash Nippur and Umma
6. Akkad: The First Empire
7. The Kingdom of Ur
Bibliographical Note to Chapter 2
Chapter 3 The Age of Hammurabi
1. The Amorites and Their Way of Life
2. Shamshi-Adad King of Northern Mesopotamia
3. Rim-Sin King of Larsa
4. Hammurabi King of Babylon and His Laws
5. Law Society and Literature
6. The End of Amorite Period
Bibliographical Note to Chapter 3
Chapter 4 A Babylonian Nation-State
1. The Kassite People and Their Society
2. Kassite Government
3. International Relations
4. Kassite Civilization
6. Hurrians in Mesopotamia
7. The End of Kassite Rute and the Renewal of Isin
Bibliographical Note to Chapter 4
Chapter 5 The Assyrian Achievement
1. The Land and Its City
2. The First Assyrian Empire
3. The Second Assyrian Empire
4. Two Assyrian Kings
5. Assyrian Cuiture of the First Miiiennium B.C.E.
6. The Fall of Assyria
Bibliographical Note to Chapter 5
Chapter 6 Babylon and Her Empire
1. The Land and Its City
2. Babylonian Economy and Society
3. Babylon and the World
4. The Persian Empire
Bibtiographicat Note to Chapter 6
Chapter 7 Mesopotamia between Two Worlds
1. Alexander the Great and His Successors
2. Life in Hellenistic Babylonia
3. Babylonian Cuiture and Economy
4. The Rise of Parthia
5. Parthian Society
6. Parthian Mesopotamia
7. Rome in Mesopotamia
8. Parthian Cities
9. The End of Mesopotamian Civilization and the Downfall of Parthia
Bibliographical Note to Chapter 7
Chapter 8 Iraq between Iran and Arabia
1. The Sassanians and Their Subjects
2. Sassanian Civilization
3. The Sassanian Empire and the Eastern Roman Empire
4. Arab Settlement in Mesopotamia
5. Western Asia in the Seventh Century
Bibliographical Note to Chapter 8
Chapter 9 The Muslim Conquest of Iraq
1. The Mission of Muhammad
2. Arabian Catiphs and the Conquests of Iraq
3. Islam and the Arabs in Iraq
4. Leadership of the Muslim Wortd
5. Divisions within Islam
6. Commerce and Business
7. Deveiopments in Arabic-Islamic Culture
Bibilographical Note to Chapter 9
Chapter 10 The Age of Baghdad and Samarra
1. The Abbasid Catiphate
2. Baghdad and Its Civitization
3. Samarra and the Growth of Local Dynasties
4. Medieval Iraq
5. The Transition Movement
6. Decline and Fall of the Abbasid Caliphate
Bibliographical Note to Chapter 10
Chapter 11 Iraq in the Ottoman Empire
1. Iraq under Mongol Rule
2. Iraq under Turkish Rule
3. The Ottomans and Their Subjects
4. Mamluk Iraq
5. Ottoman Weakness and Reform
6. Iraq in the Late Nineteenth Century
7. Pressures of Modernity
Bibliographical Note to Chapter 11
Chapter 12 Colonization and Monarchy
1. The First World War
2. The Conquest of Iraq and Its Governance
3. A New Monarchy
4. Aspects of Iraqi Culture under the Monarchy
5. Weakness and War
6. Archaeology in Iraq
7. A Time of Revolution
Bibliographical Note to Chapter 12
Chapter 13 The Republic of Iraq
1. The Qasim Regime
2. Iraqi Culture and Society
2. Saddam Hussein and War with Iran
3. Archaeotogy in Iraq
4. The Ba'th Party
5. The Invasion of Kuwait
6. The Embargo and Its Toll
6. The American invasion of iraq and the Destruction of Cultural Heritage
Bibilographical Note to Chapter 13
Chapter 14 Archaeology Past and Present in Iraq
Bibilographical Note to Chapter 14
Chapter 15 The Iraq Museum and the Future of the Past
Atabaster Head from Uruk ca. 3300-3000 B.C.E. (IM 45434)
Atabaster Vase from Uruk ca. 3300-3000 B.C.E. (IM 19606)
Diorite Statue of Enmetena from Ur ca. 2460 B.C.E. (IM 5)
Inlaid Harp from Ur ca. 2550-2400 B.C.E. IM (8694)
Copper-Alloy Statue Made for Naram-Sin ca. 2254-2218 B.C.E. (IM 77823)
Ivory Furniture Panel from Nimrud ca. 745-727 B.C.E. (IM 61898)
Cylinder Seats from Kish and Girsu ca. 2420-2220 B.C.E. (From top IM 2780 13239 9709 10958)
Bibliographical Note to Chapter 1 5
Chapter 16 International and National Legal Regimes for the Protecdon of Archaeological Heritage
1. Introduction
2. The international Legal Regime
3. United States Domestic Law and the international Art Market
4. Problems in Controlling the International Art Market: The Paradigm of Iraq
5. Conclusion
Bibliographical Note to Chapter 16
Appendix Iraqi Libraries Research Centers and Centers for the Arts

Citation preview

Series on the Iraq War and its Consequences - Vol. 2

Iraq Beyond the Headlines History Archaeology and War Benjamin R. Foster Karen Polinger Foster Patty Gerstenblith

Series on the Iraq War and its Consequences - Vol. 2

Iraq Beyond the Headlines History, Archaeology, and War

Series on the Iraq War and its Consequences (ISSN: 1793-1711)

Published Vol.1

The Iraq War and its Consequences: Thoughts of Nobel Peace Laureates and Eminent Scholars edited by Irwin Abrams & Wang Gungwu An extraordinary collection of essays on the recently concluded Iraq War by Nobel Peace laureates and leading scholars. The Iraq War and its Consequences is the first and only book that brings together more than 30 Nobel Peace laureates and eminent scholars to offer opinions, analyses and insights on the war that has drawn both widespread opposition and strong support.

Vol.2

Iraq Beyond the Headlines: History, Archaeology, and War by Benjamin R Foster, Karen Polinger Foster & Patty Gerstenblith

Series on the Iraq War and its Consequences - Vol. 2

Iraq Beyond the Headlines History Archaeology and War Benjamin R. Foster Yale University

Karen Polinger Foster Yale University

Patty Gerstenblith DePaul University

Y|?World Scientific NEW JERSEY

• LONDON

• SINGAPORE

• BEIJING

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CHENNAI

Published by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. 5 Toh Tuck Link, Singapore 596224 USA office: 27 Warren Street, Suite 401-402, Hackensack, NJ 07601 UK office: 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

IRAQ BEYOND THE HEADLINES: HISTORY, ARCHAEOLOGY, AND WAR Copyright © 2005 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the Publisher.

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ISBN 981-256-476-4 ISBN 981-256-379-2 (pbk)

Printed in Singapore by World Scientific Printers (S) Pte Ltd

v^onteiitb List of Illustrations Preface

vii xi

Chapter 1

Beginnings, Modern and Ancient

1

Chapter 2

Early City States and Empires

21

Chapter 3

The Age of Hammurabi

43

Chapter 4

A Babylonian Nation-State

55

Chapter 5

The Assyrian Achievement

69

Chapter 6

Babylon and Her Empire

85

Chapter 7

Mesopotamia between Two Worlds

101

Chapter 8

Iraq between Iran and Arabia

119

Chapter 9

The Muslim Conquest of Iraq

131

Chapter 10

The Age of Baghdad and Samarra

149

Chapter 11

Iraq in the Ottoman Empire

165

Chapter 12

Colonization and Monarchy

181

Ar&q iieyosid

the

AlB&dhnes

Chapter 13

The Republic of Iraq

199

Chapter 14

Archaeology Past and Present in Iraq

213

Chapter 15

The Iraq Museum and the Future of the Past

225

Chapter 16

International and National Legal Regimes for the Protection of Archaeological Heritage

245

Iraqi Libraries, Research Centers, and Centers for the Arts

275

Appendix

VI

JL/ist oi lllnsttrattioiis Map showing major sites and excavators (underlay map after Seton Lloyd, The Archaeology of Mesopotamia [London: Thames and Hudson, 1978], fig. 2).

ix

Alabaster vase from Uruk (after Eva Strommenger, Fiinf Jahrtausende Mesopotamien [Munich: Hirmer, 1962], pi. 19).

230

Overturned exhibit case with the Uruk vase base in the Iraq Museum, October 2003 (photo Catherine Sease).

230

Uruk vase fragments back in the Iraq Museum, October 2003 (photo Catherine Sease).

230

Alabaster head from Uruk (after Eva Strommenger, Fiinf jahrtausende Mesopotamien [Munich: Hirmer, 1962], pi. 31). Uruk head returned to the Iraq Museum, October 2003 (photo Catherine Sease).

232

232

Diorite statue of Enmetena from Ur (after Anton Moortgat, The Art of Ancient Mesopotamia [London: Phaidon, 1969], pi. 87).

234

Inlaid harp from Ur (after C. Leonard Woolley, Ur Excavations: The Royal Cemetery [Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1934], pi. 114).

236

Harp and other damaged pieces in the Iraq Museum, October 2003 (photo Catherine Sease).

236

Iraq

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