Intimate Enemies: Jews and Arabs in a Shared Land [Reprint 2020 ed.] 9780520914834

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INTIMATE ENEMIES

INTIMATE ENEMIES Jews and Arabs in a Shared Land Meron Benvenisti

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS Berkeley

Los Angeles

London

The author is deeply indebted to the Rockefeller Foundation and the Ford Foundation for a decade ofgenerous support.

University of California Press Berkeley and Los Angeles, California University of California Press, Ltd. London, England © 1995 by The Regents of the University of California

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Benvenisti, Meron, 1934[Mehol ha-haradot. English] Intimate enemies: Jews and Arabs in a shared land / Meron Benvenisti. p. cm. Rev. English version of: Mehol ha-haradot. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-520-08567-1 (alk. paper) 1. Jewish-Arab relations—1973- 2. Intifada, 19873. Persian Gulf War—Israel. 4. Israel—Politics and government. 5. Israel. Treaties, etc. Munazzamat alTahlr al-Filasaniyah, 1993 Sept. 13. I. Title. DS119.7.B385813 1995 956.94054— 97-103, 149 intercommunal conflicts before, 78-80, 86 and Islamicists vs. nationalists, 147-48 Jerusalem, 24-25, 35 and Jewish political legitimacy, 32, 91-93 and Jews outside Jerusalem borders, 57 and Jordan, 97, 173-74 Kollek and, 43-44 and law enforcement/

245 security forces, 14, 32-33» 36, 56-57 Palestinian community mobilization during, 93-100, 107-8, 149 Palestinian intellectuals shunted to the margins by, 1 1 5 and pan-Arabism, 118 PLO and, 79-81, 90, 94, 97» Il 7> 147-48 and public opinion, 89-90, 93 Rabin and, 166 and Saddam Hussein, 10, 1 1 3 - 1 4 , 1 1 7 , 126 status quo before, 73-77, 82, 84-85 and Temple Mount incident, 1, 2-3, 16, 19-20 as "third front," 76-77 universities closed, 68 unplanned, 85-86, 89 "Intifada Notables," 1x5 "intimate enmity," 82-83, 199 Iraq, 136-38, 147 Kurds, 136, 185 Saddam Hussein, 5, 14, 113-37» I 4 2 ~44> x 4 8 » See also Gulf War Ireland, 2 1 3 - 1 4 irreversibility thesis, 208-9

Index Islamic fundamentalists, 144-48, 223, 224. See also Hamas Israel, 64 annexations, 30-32, 36, 5 1 - 5 6 passim, 61, 65-67, 8 1 , 1 7 0 Arab citizens of, 32, 54, 1 0 0 - 1 1 0 , 143, 165-72 "artificial Zionist entity," I2

3 closures, 53, 178-84, 196 and colonial model, 72-73, 75_76» 7 8 , 1 1 5 , 216, 226 deportations by, 67, 84, 92,93, 176-77, 183 Egypt's peace treaty with, 81, 142, 2 1 4 Greater, 36, 39, 55-61 passim, 70, 7 1 , 80 and Gulf War, 1 1 3 , 1 1 9 22, 125-34, I39-4 2 » 148-50 Independence Day, 38, 39 and Intifada, 72-80 passim, 90-92,97,102-3, " 5 and Islamicists, 145, 14647. 2 2 4 Jerusalem integral to, 45, 49 as Jewish state, 38, 66-67, 167 Jordan's peace with, 2273°

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246 Israel (continued) Land vs. State of, 38 "little," 102-4, t 8o myths, 200-205, 2 ° 8 , 2x0, 222 Oslo agreements, 198, 209—33 passim Palestinian dependence on, 84-85,148, 218-19, 225-26 peace process, 148-50, 152' i9 8 -99 population transfers by, 190-92 self-image, 1 6 - 1 7 , self-restraint, 134, 139 standard of living, xi, 57 Syria and, 140, 142, 172 and West, 90-91, 227, 2 34 and West Bank Data Project, viii-ix Zionist aspirations for, 194 See also intercommunal conflict} Israeli-Arab conflict; Jerusalem; politics; security forces; separation Israel Defence Forces. See IDF Israeli-Arab conflict, 209, 213 Gulf War and, 12 0 - 2 1 , 122-23, I2 9> ^ o ^ 1 » r 35»!37-38

Index / Israeli-Arab conflict (continued) vs. intercommunal conflict, 80-82, 120-21, 208-9, 227-28 Oslo agreements and, 213-14, 227-28 Palestinization of, 81 Six-Day War, 25, 37, 76, 86, 195 Israeli-Palestinian Economic Cooperation Committee, 220 Jericho, Oslo agreements and, 215, 216-17, 22 °> 223, 226, 231 Jerusalem, 24-55 annexation of, 30-32, 36, 5I> 53.55"5 6 . fy-66 Arab and Jewish neighborhoods (map), 50 area, 49-50, 58 Baka, 18-23 borders, 51, 52-59 during closure, 53, 182-83 development budget, 35 government, 27, 35, 42-43, 47-48 "Greater," 51, 56, 58 Green Line, 27, 30, 55 Gulf War, 13, 127 holy sites, 47-49 Intifada, 24-25, 35

247 Jerusalem (continued) Israeli-Jordan peace and, 228-29 Jewish residents, 49-51, 160 Jewish settlers in metropolitan region, 52, 57-3 mayor's roles, 42 Oslo agreements and, 226 Palestinian residents inside, 24-57, 1 4 I > Palestinian residents outside, 52, 54-55, 59 plans to solve problems of, 46-47,48 population, 49-51, 59 sovereignty, 47-48, 229 unification, 37, 38-40 See also Temple Mount "Jerusalem Law," 142 Jerusalem Unification Day, 37-39 Jews, 64, 106-7 definitions of collective identity, 165 economic dominance, 8485,148, 218-19, 225-26 ethnocentric worldview, 86-87 fundamentalist, 210 Holocaust, 127, 185 and Intifada, 73-75, 78-80, 86, 87

Index Jews {continued) Israel as State of, 38, 6667. 167 Jerusalem neighborhoods (map), 50 Jerusalem residents, 49-51,160 legitimacy of collective, 3 2 ~33>37-40. 64-71, 9I-93»155-58 as oppressors, 90-91 Peel Commission and, 189 and population transfers, 186, 189, 190 See also intercommunal conflict; settlements; Zionism "joint statement of principles," Israeli left-Palestinian, 1 x 4 - 1 5 Jordan, 47, 5 1 , 94 and East Jerusalem, 44-45 and Gaza, 173 and Gulf War, 138-39, 141 Intifada and, 97, 173-74 Israeli Arabs visiting, 167 "Jordanian option," 80, 88, 98,173-74, 2 2 8 and Oslo agreements, 227 Palestinian refugees in, 174 peace with Israel, 227-30 and peace process, 32, 141, 153» I 7 2 — 73

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248 Jordan (continued!) and West Bank, 80-81, 9 7 - 9 8 , 1 0 7 , 1 7 3 , 228, 230 Jordan Valley, 61, 63, 65-66 Kahane, Meir, 21, 106, 133 Katif, 217 Kissinger, Henry, 80 Knesset: Arab members, 166, 168 and Arab vote, 32, 102,165 center, 92 Cohen, 22 election (1984), 101 election (1988), 92, i o i , 103, 107 election (1992), 1 0 1 , 103, 165, 166 and Jerusalem borders, 55 Moledet seats, 191 and Saddam Hussein, 1 1 4 Kollek, Teddy, 27, 35-36, 40-44, 53-54 Kurds, Iraq, 136, 185 Kuwait, 1 1 3 , 1 1 4 , 1 1 7 , 123, 139 labor: and deduction fund, 220-21 "Hebrew," 180 imported during closure, 179-80

Index labor (1continued) Palestinian, 84, 148, 179, 181-82, 218, 220-21 Palestinian unemployment, 160, 181-82, 223 strikes, 1 0 1 , 102, 104, 107, 148, 161 Temple Mount incident and, 29 union, 102 Labor party, 66, 92, 162, 163 on definition of IsraeliArab conflict, 80, 8 1 82, 120-21 election (1992), 162, 163, 168, 169 and Intifada, 81-82, 98 and Jerusalem borders, 55, 5» "joint statement of principles," 1 1 4 See also Rabin, Yitzhak land, expropriation of Palestinian, 36, 68, 84, 142 law: Basic (1985), 67 international, 59, 66, 67 in Jerusalem, 55-56 "Jerusalem Law," 142 outside Jerusalem, 59-60 West Bank, 67 See also civil rights

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249 law enforcement: Israeli, 6-9, 1 3 - 1 4 , 32-33, 53

Mandatory Palestine, 69 See also police; security forces League of Nations, 48, 187 Lebanon: "alternative homeland," 118 Palestinian refugee camp, 177 Syria and, 138 war in, 79-80, 81, 134 leftists, Israeli, 104-6, 109-10 and election (1992), 166, 168 and Gulf War, 119-20, 125-26, 133-34 and Intifada, 92,104-5, 120 "joint statement of principles" with Palestinians, 114 and Madrid peace talks, 154-60 Meretz, 164, 166, 175 and separation, 180-81, 182 and Temple Mount incident, 18-23, 2 9 See also democratic values; Labor party; peace movement; territorial compromise

Index legitimacy: of Arab minority, 108-9, n o , 166-68 Gulf War and, 120, 123-24 Intifada challenge to, 32, 91-93 ofJewish collective, 3 2 33» 37-40» 64-71, 9 1 93»I55-5 8 Madrid peace talks and, 155-58 negotiation needing, 19899, 208 of Palestinian state, 96, !57 and political power, 3 2 34, 64-69, 91-93, 1 6 7 68 symbols and festivities, 37-40, 223 See also law; sovereignty liberals. See intellectuals; leftists; territorial compromise Likud government, 161-62, 165,171 and Arafat, 224 economics, 162-63 fall of, 37, 60, 162 and Gulf War, 1 2 1 - 2 2 , 125-26 and peace process, 158, 169-70,171

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250 Likud government {continued) and settlement housing, 58, 61-63 See also Shamir, Yitzhak Likud party, 66, 92, 1 1 5 - 1 6 Arab voters and, 103, 165 on definition of IsraeliArab conflict, 80 election (1992), 161-63, 165, 168, 191 and Gulf War, 1 2 1 - 2 2 , 125-26 and Intifada, 81-82, 88, 98 and Moledet party, 191 See also Likud government Litani, Yehuda, 2 Ma'aleh Adumim, 57 Ma'alouf, Amin, 205 Madrid, peace conference, 32, 37, 60, 73, 152-60, 174 Mandatory Palestine, 48, 96, 194 intercommunal/IsraeliArab conflict, 79, 80, 201-2 1949 armistice lines, 64, 65, 69 1967 framework, 64-66, 69. 74 partition (1949-67), 64, 69, 79, 188, 189, 204-5 Meretz party, 164, 166, 175, 192

Index messianism, 208, 210 military. See army; security forces, Israeli; war Mitzna, Amrain, 74 Moledet (Homeland) party, 191 Morris, Benny, 190 Muslims: Jerusalem, 47 Shiite, 136 See also Arabs; Islamic fundamentalists myths: Israeli, 200-205, 2 °8» 210, 222 security, 201-2 Nablus, 68 al-Nasser, Gamal Abd, 1 1 8 , 122 "nationalist acts," 1 0 1 , 102. See also pan-Arabism; PLO; state; Zionism "National Unity" governments, 61 negotiation: interstate conflict, 207, 208 precondition of, 198-99, 208 New York Times, vii, viii Olmert, Ehud, 44, 109 Ordinance for the Prevention of Terrorism, 6

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251 Oslo, Israeli-Palestinian agreements, 198, 209-33 passim Oz, Amos, 1 5 4 , 1 5 5 - 5 6 Paisley, Ian, 21 Pakistan, 188 Palestine. See Israel; Mandatory Palestine; territories Palestine Liberation Organization. See P L O Palestine National Council, 149 Palestinian Covenant, 190 Palestinians, 1 1 5 - 1 6 , 194-95, 205-6, 2 11—12 from acquiescence to revolt, 84-85 and Arab world, 167-68, 2 1 3 - 1 4 , 227-30 closures, 53, 178-84,196 and colonial model, 7 2 73.75~7 6 . 78 committees, 94-96, 1 0 1 - 2 , 107, 109, 1 1 5 community mobilization, 93-100, 107-8, 149 and electoral politics, 166, 168-69 and Gulf War, 116-26, *3 x -35» *39> I4 1 » 143-44 intellectuals, 109, 1 1 5 , 212

Index Palestinians (continued) Israeli self-identity of, 104-7, 165 and Jerusalem annexation, 30-32, 3 6 , 5 1 Jerusalem neighborhoods (map), 50 Jerusalem residents, 24-56, 141, 160 outside Jerusalem borders, 5 2 >54-55. 59 "joint statement of principles" with Israeli left, 114-15 killed by Palestinians, 147-48, 161, 223 labor, 84, 148, 179, 181-82, 218, 220-21 land expropriated from, 36, 68, 84, 142 and legitimacy of Jewish collective, 64-69, 156-58 messianic dreams, 208 Oslo agreements, 198, 209-33 passim and peace process, 32, 141, 148-49, 152-61, 166, 169-76, 198-99, 2 1 1 - 1 2 and population transfer, 190-92, 194-95 and The Return (al-'Auda), 1 2 1 , 205-6, 2 1 1 - 1 2 , 223,225

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252 Palestinians (continued) and Saddam Hussein, 5, x 16-26, 1 3 1 - 3 5 , 1 4 3 44» settlement Jews near, 60, 63-64 shame-honor complex, 208 standard of living, 34-35, 73-74. 8 5. 96, 196 and status quo preIntifada, 73-75, 84-85 symbols, 6 8 - 6 9 , 2 1 5 . 223 and Syria-Israeli negotiations, 142 and Temple Mount incident, 1-24, 29 outside territories, 99, IOO-IOI and the "Troubles," 117-18 and West Bank Data Project, ix will of community, 96 and Zionist aspirations for Israel, 194 See also Arabs; autonomy; civil rights; deportations; economics; intercommunal conflict; Intifada; PLO; self-government; separation; territories

Index Palestinization: of Israeli-Arab conflict, 81 of Israeli Arabs, 102, 104 pan-Arabism, 118-19, 122, 123-24, 145-46, 214 Pappe, Ilan, 146 patriarchy, 99-100 Pax Americana, 124,151, 174 peace line, 27. See also Green Line peace movement, Israeli, 2 10 and Baka violence, 18-19, 21, 23 and peace process, 154-57, 159-60 and Saddam Hussein, 1x4-15, 119-20 Peace Now, 18-19, 2I> 23> 154, 210 peace process, 135-42, 147, 148-76 bilateral talks, 158, 169, 198-99, 209-33 P a s s i m closure and, 182-83, x 96 election (1992) and, 163-65, 166 The Handshake, x, xi, xii, xiii, 198-99, 205-6 Israeli-Jordan agreement, 227-30 Madrid, 32, 37, 60, 73, 152-60, 174 Oslo agreements, 198, 209—33 passim

/ 253 peace process (continued) and territories, 109, 149, 159, 169-71, 175-76, 223-24 peace treaty, Israeli-Egypt, 81, 142, 214 Peel Commission, 48, 189 Peri, Anat, 22 Persian Gulf crisis. See Gulf War pioneering ethos, 6r, 65, 71, 209-10. See also settlements PLO, xi, 68, 103, 198 and Gulf War, 1x7, 141, 144, 148-49, 168 and Intifada, 79-81, 90, 147-48 94» 97» 7> vs. Islamicists, 144-48 Israeli Arabs supporting, 104, 167-68 and Lebanon war, 79-80 and Oslo agreements, 215, 223 Palestinians opposing, 161 See also Arafat, Yassir police: Israeli, 6-15, 53-57, 176 Palestinian, 2x5, 221 political parties, 70-71, 109, 165 Arab, 101-3, 119, 165, 166-67 Meretz, 164, 166, 175, 192 Moledet, 191 Il

Index / political parties {continued) Tsomet, 164 united Jewish-Arab, 105 See also Labor party; Likud party political settlements, 61, 63 politicians, Israeli, 26-27, 37» 70-71 center, 92, 180 Kollek, 27, 35-36,40-44, 53-54 See also elections; leftists; political parties; Rabin, Yitzhak; rightists politics: democratic values, 33-35, 59, 93, 104, 108, 191-92 Intifada and, 78, 90-92, 97-111 Israeli, 85,88-89,9 2 Jerusalem enigma for, 46 legitimacy and power in, 32-34,64-71,91-93, 167-68 Palestinian mobilization, 93-100, 107-8, 149 Saddam Hussein and, 128 See also elections; governments; politicians; status quo population: Jerusalem, 49-51, 59 killed, 161

254 population (continued) Nablus, 68 outside Jerusalem borders, 52> 54» 57-59» 61-63 Palestinian, 218 settlement, 61-63 population transfer, 92, 185-95 "voluntary," 23, 187, 189, 191 See also deportations Progressive List for Peace, 105 projection, 184 public opinion: Intifada and, 89-91, 93 and peace process, 148-49 Rabin, Yitzhak, 37, 164, 165, 166-67 and closure, 178-79, 196 handshake with Arafat, x, xi, xii, xiii, 198-99, 205-6 Oslo agreements, 2 1 1 , 214-15, 226 and Palestinian dependence, 225-26 peace with Jordan, 227, 229 and peace process, 168-71, 175-76, 198, 2x1 and settlements, 58, 60-63, 168, 169

Index racism, 84, 91, 133, 182. See also ethnicity Reagan, Ronald, 142 The Return (al-'Auda), 1 2 1 , 205-6, 2 1 1 - 1 2 , 223, 225 rightists, Israeli, 23, 110, 210 and Baka, 2 1 - 2 3 and Gulf War, 1 1 3 , 1 2 1 2 2 , 1 2 5 - 2 6 , 132 and Intifada, 92, 104, 107, 108-9 Jerusalem Ultra-Orthodox, 44 and Madrid peace talks, 160 and Palestinian violence, 29, 104, 161-62 and separation, 180-81 See also Likud party Rogers Plan, 141 Rothschild, Joseph, 87, 94, 105 al-Sabah, Amir, 139 Saddam Hussein, 5, 14, " 3 - 3 7 . I 4 2 - 44> H 8 ' ^ Said, Edward, 212 Samaria, 61, 63 Sarid, Yossi, 1 2 1 , 192 Saudi Arabia, 124, 139, 141 Schiff, Ze'ev, 76-77, 95 security forces, Israeli, 28-29, 35,68

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255 security forces, Israeli (continued) conscientious objection, 92-93 and Gulf War, 128-30 killings, 161 and "liberated areas," 95 Oslo agreements and, 217 See also IDF; police security myth, 201-2 security settlements, 36, 58, 61-64 self-government: Palestinian, 58-61, 16971, 2x5-16, 232-33 See also independence; state separation, 194-95 and Arafat's return, 224 closures, 53, 178-84, 196 ethnic basis for, 109-10, 182,192-95 integration and, 5 1 , 195-96, 231 Intifada and, 102 of Jerusalem from territories, 51, 52-57 Jew-Arab, xi-xii, 23, 102, 194-95, 2 1 1 legal, 195 into national states, 232-34 Oslo agreements and, 221, "7,23i-33

Index separation (continued) and population transfer, 23,192-93 of territories from Israel proper, 178-84 See also Green Line settlements, Jewish, 57-64, .66, 195-96 Gush Emunim, 60, 210 housing, 58, 61-63, 141-42, 169 in Jerusalem metropolitan region, 52, 57-63 Katif, 217 and Palestinian autonomy plans, 172 Palestinian land expropriated for, 36, 68, 84, 142 by Palestinian settlements, 60, 63-64 peace process and, 141-42, 157-58, 224 political, 61, 63 Rabin government and, 58,60-63, 169 security, 36, 58, 61-64 West Bank, 51, 52, 61-64 shaheed, 5 Shaloud, Mohammed, 1 1 Shamir, Yitzhak, 129, 155, 157-58, 169 Sharon, Ariel, 79, 102 shehehayanu prayer, 154 Shiites, 136

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256 Shiloh, 66 Shloush, Arieh, 23-24 Shloush, Charlie, 18, 23 Shock Committees, 9 4 , 1 1 5 Shomron, Dan, 78 Six-Day War, 25, 37, 76, 86, *95 Smooha, Sami, 104 Somalia, 137 South Africa, 182, 226 sovereignty: and interstate conflict, 207 Israel, 59-60, 64-65,6667 Jerusalem, 47-48, 229 territorial, 64-65, 66-67 Soviet Union, xi, 140, 141, 153,198 Sri Lanka, 187, 213 standard of living: Israel, xi, 57 Palestinian, 34-35, 73-74, 85, 96, 196 state: binational Israel/Palestine, 1x0,233-34 Israel as Jewish, 38, 66-67, 167 Oslo agreements and, 232-33 Palestinian, 96, 108-10, 1 1 5 , 1 1 9 , 1 4 8 , 153, 164, 166, 2 1 5 - 1 6 , 232-34 Peel Commission and, 189

Index state {continued) See also government; interstate conflict; self-government status quo, 74-75, 82, 149-50, 197, 231 closure and, 196 and Gulf War, 122-25, 126, 135, 139 before Intifada, 73-77, 82, 84-85 Likud autonomy plan and, 170 Madrid peace talks and, 157-58 strikes, 101, 102, 104, 107, 148, 161 Supreme Court, 7 symbols: civil disobedience with, 101 Jerusalem holy sites, 47-49 Jewish political legitimacy, 37-4° after Oslo agreements, 222-23, 225 Palestinian, 68-69, 215,223 Syria, 1 2 1 , 124, 138, 139-40, 142, 172 taxes, 68, 94 Tel Aviv, 127, 128, 1 3 1 , 178, 210

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257 Temple Mount, 4-7, 30, 49, 53 incident, x, xii, 1-24, 29, 224 Temple Mount Faithful, 4, 7 territorial compromise, 4445. 5, 70 Allon Plan and, 61, 65-66, 142-43, 159, 1 7 1 , 173 autonomy plans and, 170-71 election (1992) and, 164, 170 Green Line and, 55 Intifada and, 93, 97, 104, 106, 108 and settlements, 60-61 Zionists and, 66 territories, 90, 195-98, 210 Arafat coming home to, 215,223,224-26 autonomy plans, 109, 169-71 closure, 53, 178-81 development funds needed, 181 economics, 68, 84, 94-95, 160-61, 174, 181-82, 217-20 election (1992) and, 168 G N P , 160, 182 Gulf War curfew, 1 3 3 - 3 4 Israeli Arabs and Arabs of, 100-109

Index territories (continued) land expropriations, 36, 68, 84, 142 military government, 66-68, 74-75, 83-84, 95~96> !79. 2 1 7 . 223-24 Oslo agreements and, 2 1 7 - 1 8 , 220-21, 22627,230 Palestinians outside, 99, IOO-IOI and peace process, 109, i49> I59> 169-71, I 7 4 76, 223-24 population transfer, 190-91 residents employed in Israel, 148, 179, 181-82 sovereignty, 64-65, 66-67 standard of living, 73-74 unemployment, 160, 1 8 1 82 Seetf/ioannexation; borders; Gaza; Intifada; settlements, Jewish; territorial compromise; West Bank terrorist acts, 101, 102 Toledano, Nissim, 176 Tomb of the Patriarchs, 224 tribal realism, x-xi "Troubles," 1 1 7 Tsomet, 164 Turks, 139, 185, 187, 213

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258 ultra-orthodox voters, 44 unemployment, Palestinian, 160, 181-82, 223 Unified Command, 94, 1 1 5 union, Histadrut, 102 United Nations, 9 6 , 1 2 4 , 1 3 7 , 141, 169, 189 United States, 227 Camp David, 81, 139, 152, 169-70, 172, 214 and Gulf War/peace process, 124-54 passim, 158, 159, 169, 174, 176 The Handshake at White House, x, xi, xii, xiii, 198-99, 205-6 and Intifada, 90, 1 1 6 and Israeli-Jordan peace, 229 and Jerusalem annexation, 31 and Labor government, 169 and Pax Americana, 124, r

74 and Temple Mount incident, 14 universities, closed, 68, 84 utilitarianism, 71 voters, 70-71, 163-65 Arab, 32, 44, 98, 102-4, 107, 164-66

Index voters {continued) ultra-orthodox, 44 See also elections wall, 27. See also Green Line war, 1 1 - 1 2 , 77-78 closure treated as, 180 Cold, 154 before Intifada, 79 Intifada as, 72-73, 75, 76-77, 87 Israeli preparations, 1 1 9 , 126-28 in Lebanon, 79-80, 81, 134 and population transfer, 187-88, 190 Six-Day, 25, 37, 76, 86, 195 See also Gulf War water supplies, 68, 84, 174, 219, 221-22 Weizmann, Ezer, 154 West: Israeli relations with, 9091, 227, 234 Palestinian community and, 100 Palestinian intellectuals and, 1 1 5 and Saddam Hussein, 122, I2 3>*44 See also Britain; United States

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259 West Bank, viii-ix, xi, 30, 51, 195 Arab and Jewish settlements (map), 62 autonomy plan and, 171-72 borders, 64 citizenship and self-identity in, 107 closures, 183 colonial model, 75 election (1992) and, 164 entry permits, 178 Gulf War, 133 income per capita, 160 Intifada and, 73 Israeli forces occupying, 65 and Jerusalem borders, 51, 52. 53» 54-55 Jordan and, 80-81, 97-98, 107, 173, 228, 230 land expropriations, 36, 68, 84, 142 peace process and, 152, 1 7 1 - 7 6 passim, 215, 222-26 passim regime imposed on Palestinians of, 67, 68 setdements, 5 1 , 52, 61-64 territorial compromise in, 45 water, 68, 84 West Bank Data Project, viii-ix

Index / Western Wall: Etzion on, 3 on Jerusalem Day, 38 and plans to solve Jerusalem problem, 49 and Temple Mount incident, 10, 15, 19, 29 Zionism and, 5 will, of Palestinian community, 96 Women in Black, 21 World Bank, 218-19 Ya'ari, Ehud, 76-77, 95 Yehoshua, A. B., 129, 1 3 1 - 3 2 , i54. i57 Yeshivot, 4 Zamir Committee, 15 Zionism, 70, 194, 209-10

260 Zionism {continued) and annexation of Jerusalem, 65-66 "Hebrew labor," 180 Intifada and, 100 Israeli Arabs' politics and, 101 and Jewish-Arab cooperation, 109-10 Madrid peace talks and, 155-57 myths of, 200-205, 210 Palestinians borrowing from, 96-97, 153 and Saddam Hussein, 120-21, 123-24 and settlements, 60 and Temple Mount, 5 the "Troubles" and, 1 1 7 zoning plan, outside Jerusalem borders, 58