Interview und schriftliche Befragung: Grundlagen und Methoden empirischer Sozialforschung [6., überarb. Aufl.] 9783486717624, 9783486706918

Die wissenschaftlichen Methoden zur Erforschung der Umwelt entstehen aus den Alltagstechniken. Im Alltagsleben erfahren

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Interview und schriftliche Befragung: Grundlagen und Methoden empirischer Sozialforschung [6., überarb. Aufl.]
 9783486717624, 9783486706918

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Interview und schriftliche Befragung Grundlagen und Methoden empirischer Sozialforschung von

Horst Otto Mayer

Fachhochschule Vorarlberg 6., überarbeitete Auflage

Oldenbourg Verlag München

Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. © 2013 Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag GmbH Rosenheimer Straße 145, D-81671 München Telefon: (089) 45051-0 www.oldenbourg-verlag.de Das Werk einschließlich aller Abbildungen ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung außerhalb der Grenzen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes ist ohne Zustimmung des Verlages unzulässig und strafbar. Das gilt insbesondere für Vervielfältigungen, Übersetzungen, Mikroverfilmungen und die Einspeicherung und Bearbeitung in elektronischen Systemen. Lektorat: Christiane Engel-Haas M.A. Herstellung: Constanze Müller Titelbild: thinkstockphotos.de Einbandgestaltung: hauser lacour Gesamtherstellung: freiburger graphische betriebe GmbH & Co. KG, Freiburg Dieses Papier ist alterungsbeständig nach DIN/ISO 9706. ISBN 978-3-486-70691-8 eISBN 978-3-486-71762-4

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