History As Harlotry in the Book of Ezekiel: Textual Expansion in Ezekiel 16 9783161608735, 3161608739

Table of contents :
Cover
Title
Acknowledgments
Preface
Table of Contents
List of Abbreviations
Chapter 1: The Book of Ezekiel and Research into Prophetic Texts
A. Introduction
B. Tracing the Interpretation of Prophetic Texts
C. Ezekiel 16, 20, and 23
I. Ezekiel 16 and 23: An Introduction
II. Ezekiel 23
III. Redaction, Additions, and Expansion in Ezekiel 23
IV. Ezekiel 23 Compared to Ezekiel 16
V. Summary
Chapter 2: Text and Translation
A. Text
B. Translation
Chapter 3: Structure and Unity in Ezekiel 16
A. Structure and Formulas
I. Introductory Formulaic Elements, Ezekiel 16:1-2
II. "Thus the Lord, [Yahweh] Says" Formula, 16:3, 36, 59
1. The Messenger Formula in Ezekiel 16:3
2. The Messenger Formula in Ezekiel 16:36
3. The Messenger Formula in Ezekiel 16:59
III. "Utters the Lord, [Yahweh]" Formula
B. Grammatico-Syntactical Observations and Content
I. Introductory Formula, Ezekiel 16:1-3aα
II. Yahweh's Actions toward Infant-Maiden Jerusalem, Ezekiel 16:3aβ-14
1. Circumstances of Jerusalem's Birth, Ezekiel 16:3aβ-5
2. Yahweh's Provision, Ezekiel 16:6-14
a) Summary
b) Ezekiel 16:6
c) Ezekiel 16:7-8
d) Ezekiel 16:9-12
e) Ezekiel 16:13-14
III. Jerusalem's Harlotry, Ezekiel 16:15-34
1. Jerusalem's Beauty and Name Beget Harlotry, Ezekiel 16:15 ..90 2. Harlotry with Her Gifts, Ezekiel 16:16-19
3. Harlotry with Her Children, Ezekiel 16:20-21
4. Jerusalem Forgot the Days of Her Youth, Ezekiel 16:22-23
5. Jerusalem Builds Mounds and High Places, Ezekiel 16:24-25 .99 6. Harlotry with the Nations, Ezekiel 16:26-30
7. A Unique Harlot and Adulteress, Ezekiel 16:31-34
IV. The Announcement of Yahweh's Judgment, Ezekiel 16:35-43
1. Yahweh Demands an Audience, Ezekiel 16:35
2. Yahweh's Motivation and Sentence, Ezekiel 16:36-39
3. Her Lovers Execute the Sentence, Ezekiel 16:40-41a
4. Yahweh's Judgment Will Rest, Ezekiel 16:41b-43
V. Daughters Jerusalem, Samaria, and Sodom, Ezekiel 16:44-58
1. A Mother and Her Daughters, Ezekiel 16:44-45
2. Jerusalem, Samaria, and Sodom, Ezekiel 16:46-47
3. The Deeds of Sodom and Samaria, Ezekiel 16:48-52
4. The Restoration of the Sisters, Ezekiel 16:53-58
VI. Yahweh Will Establish an Eternal Covenant, Ezekiel 16:59-63
Chapter 4: Literary Activity in Ezekiel 16
A. So-Called Appendices
I. Introduction
II. Ezekiel 16:59-63: The Eternal Covenant
1. Integration of Material in 16:59-63
2. Distinct Literary Activity in 16:59-63
B. Ezekiel 16:2(הודע) - a(ואםדת)3, a20–23, 36b, 43–58: A Shift in Metaphor, Time, and Lexical Stock
I. Introduction to a New Metaphor
II. Grammatical and Syntactical Observations
1. 16:43: An Unexpected Motivation
2. 16:43ba: Formulas and Transition
3. 16:43ba: An Accomplished Punishment
4. 16:58: Jerusalem "Has Borne her Licentiousness and Abominations"
III. Lexical Choices
1. The Lemma "Abomination"
2. "Abominations" and Material from the Original Metaphor
3. The Function of the Clause "You Did Not Remember the Days of Your Youth"
IV. Developments in Content
1. The Perspective of Jerusalem's Punishment
2. Ezekiel 16:46-58: Abominations Bring about Restoration
3. Ezekiel 16:20-23: Sacrifice of Children
4. Idols of Your Abominations and the Blood of Your Sons, 16:36b
5. Conclusion
C. Ezekiel 16:1–42: Jerusalem as a Harlot
I. Covenant-Marriage and Adultery
1. Ezekiel 16:40-41: Added Punishment in Accordance with the Covenant-Marriage Expansion and Accusations and Their Incorporation
a) Ezekiel 16:40-41a: Added Punishment
b) Ezekiel 16:41aβ-b: Integration of Added Punishment by Means of Materials Related to Adultery, Harlotry, and Payment
2. Ezekiel 16:30b-32, 34, 38aα: Adultery and the Reverse Harlot
a) Ezekiel 16:34 and 16:31: The Unsolicited "Reverse" Harlot- Wife and Her (Lack of) Payment
b) Ezekiel 16:30b, 32, and 38aα: The Adulteress
3. Ezekiel 16:7-8: Covenant-Marriage
a) Ezekiel 16:4-6 and 9-10: Shared Cultic Language Tradition
b) Ezekiel 16:7-8: The Infant Becomes a Maiden
II. The Harlot Redaction
1. Summary
2. Consistency of Language Comprising the Three-Part Structure of the Metaphor
3. Developing Conceptions of Harlotry
a) Ezekiel 16:20-23: Another Conception of History
b) Ezekiel 16:33: Jerusalem Gives Her Gifts
4. The Gottesspruchformel
III. Basic Metaphor Concerning Jerusalem and Yahweh
Chapter 5: Interpretation of the Prophets and Interpretation in the Prophets
A. Dating Materials in the Book of Ezekiel
B. Dating Expansions in Ezekiel 16
I. Ezekiel 16:59-63: From Restoration to Eternal Covenant
II. Ezekiel 16:2(הודע) - a(ואםדת)3, a20–23, 36b, 43–58: From Harlotry to Restoration
III. Ezekiel 16:1-42: A Developing Metaphor in a Literary Framework
1. Expansions Related to Covenant-Marriage and Adultery, Ezekiel 16:8, 30b-32, 34, 38aα, 40-41
2. Expansions Related to Harlotry, Ezekiel 16:7, 11-12a, 13a, 14-19, 25b-30a, 33, 35-36a and the Basic Metaphor
IV. Proposing Absolute Dating in Ezekiel 16
Bibliography
Index of Biblical References
Index of Authors
Index of Subjects

Citation preview

Forschungen zum Alten Testament 2. Reihe Edited by Konrad Schmid (Zürich) ∙ Mark S. Smith (Princeton) Hermann Spieckermann (Göttingen) ∙ Andrew Teeter (Harvard)

131

Tracy J. McKenzie

History as Harlotry in the Book of Ezekiel Textual Expansion in Ezekiel 16

Mohr Siebeck

Tracy J. McKenzie, born 1968; 2001 – 06 studied at Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary; 2003 MDiv; 2006 PhD; 2006 – 08 full-time instructor, since 2008 a full-time faculty member at Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary; 2018 ThD from Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; since 2021 full Professor at Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary. orcid.org/0000-0002-8839-4862

ISBN 978-3-16-160873-5 / eISBN 978-3-16-160874-2 DOI 10.1628/978-3-16-160874-2 ISSN 1611-4914 / eISSN 2568-8367 (Forschungen zum Alten Testament, 2. Reihe) The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliographie; detailed bibliographic data are available at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2022  Mohr Siebeck Tübingen, Germany.  www.mohrsiebeck.com This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that permitted by copyright law) without the publisher’s written permission. This applies particularly to reproductions, translations and storage and processing in electronic systems. The book was printed on non-aging paper by Laupp & Göbel in Gomaringen, and bound by Buchbinderei Nädele in Nehren. Printed in Germany.







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Chapter 1: The Book of Ezekiel and Research into Prophetic Texts



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B. Tracing the Interpretation of Prophetic Texts



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Chapter 1: The Book of Ezekiel and Research into Prophetic Texts



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