Heat Transmission [3 ed.]

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McGRAW-HILL SERIES IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SIDNEY D. KIRKPATRICK, Consulting Editor

HEAT TRANSMISSION

McGRAW-HILL SERIES IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SIDNEY

D.

KIRKPATRICK,

Consulting Editor

EDITORIAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE MANS0N BE~EDICT • Prnfessor of NuWALTER E. LOBO · Director, Chemical clear Engineering, Massachusetts InstiEngineering Division, The M. W. tute of Tcchnology Kellogg Company CHARLES F. BoNILLA · Professor of PAUL D. V. MANNING · Vice President, Chemical Engineering, Columbia UniInternational Minerals and Chemical versity Corporation JoHN R. CALLAHAM · Editor, Chemical R. S. McBRIDE · Consulting Chemical Engineering Engineer HARRY A. CURTIS Commissioner, H. C. P ARMELEE · Editor Emeritus, Tennessee Valley Authority Engineering and Mining Journal J. V. N. DoRR · Chairman, The Dorr RoBERT L. PIGFORD · Chairman, DeCompany partment of Chemical Engineering, A. W. HrxsoN • Professor Emeritus University of Delaware of Chemical Engineering, Columbia MoTT SouDERS · Associate Director of University Research, Shell Development Company H. FRASER J OHNSTONE · Chairman, Division of Chemical Engineering, E. R. WEIDLEIN · President, Mellon University of Illinois Institute of Industriai Research WEBSTER N. JoNES · Vice President, M. C. WHITAKER · Director, American Carnegie Institute of Technology Cyanamid Company DoNALD L. KATZ · Chairman, DepartWALTER G. WHITMAN.· Chairrnan, De-• ment of Chemical and Metallurgica] partment of Chemical Engineering, Engineering, University of Michigan Massachusetts Institute of Technology W. K. LEWIS · Professor Emeritus of RrcHARD H. WrLHELM · Chairman, DeChemical Engineering, Massachusetts partment of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology Princeton University

BUILDING FOR TRE FUTURE OF A PROFESSION Fifteen prominent chemical engineers first met in New York more than thirty years ago to plan a continuing literature for their rapidly growing profession. From industry carne such pioneer practitioners as Leo H. Baekeland, Arthur D. Little, Charles L. Reese, John V. N. Dorr, M. C. Whitaker, and R. S. McBride. From the universities carne such eminent educators as William H. Walker, Alfred H. White, D. D. Jackson, J. H. James, J. F. Norris, Warren K. Lewis, and Harry A. Curtis. H. C. Parmelee, then editor of Chemical & M etallurgical Engineering, served as chairman and was joined subsequently by S. D. Kirkpatrick as consulting editor. After several meetrngs, this Editoria] Advisory Committee submitted its report to the McGraw-Hill Book Company in September, 1925. In it were detailed specifications fora correlated series of more than a dozen text and reference books, including a chemical engineers' handbook and basic textbooks on the elements and principles of chemical engineering, on industriai applications of chemical synthesis, on materials of construction, on plant design, on chemical-engineering economics. Broadly outline