Hanging pawns 9781879479777, 187947977X

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Hanging Pawns

GM Adrian Mikhalchishin Wit Braslawski

International Chess Enterprises Seattle, Washington

Copyright© 1998 by Intelinvest Co. Ltd. Copyright© 1998 by International Chess Enterprises. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy­ ing, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. International Chess Enterprises, P.O. Box 19457, Seattle, WA 98109 1-800-26-CHESS http://www .insidechess.com/ Editor: Jonathan Berry Proofreader: Jonathan Berry Diagrams: Jonathan Berry's YesWeDoDiagrams Typeset by Jonathan Berry using Ventura Publisher

Mikhalchishin, Adrian and Braslawski, Wit Hanging Pawns First printing: January 1999 203 + ii pages 652 chess diagrams ISBN 1 -879479-77-X

Introduction Hanging pawns are one of the most widespread and interesting types of central pawn structure. What plan should the player having hanging pawns follow? How should one fight against hanging pawns? In other words, in what lies the strength-and the weakness-of hanging pawns? Various middlegame treatises have dealt with the question, but a deep elucidation has not been achieved. The present book is an original at­ tempt to systematize and analyze in detail more than 180 typical hanging pawn positions.

Above is a typical hanging pawn formation. The pawns at c4 and d4 are hang­ ing pawns. In technical language, hanging pawns comprise a pawn is­ land of two p awns on h alf-open central files. They are usually c- and d-fts. The vital factors in the diagram are the absence of White's b- and e­ pawns, and of Black's d- and c-fts. The exact ranks of the c- and d­ pawns does not affect whether they are hanging. Hanging pawns arise either by force or voluntarily.

The authors suggest that study of typical strategical plans-and analysis of the regularities inherent in such positions-can be of great advantage to every chess player who gets hanging pawns in tournament games. With many pawn structures-such as those frequently found in the French, King's Indian and Sicilian Defences-o ne side consistently plays the same role. Hanging pawns, however, may belong to White or to Black. Consequently, all formations that we will show can also happen with colours reversed.

For example:

After l.d4xc5 Black may of his free will agree to hanging pawns after 1...b6xc5 2.c4xd5 e6xd5. Black may a l s o d e c l i n e with l . . .A e7xc5 o r 2 ... Ab7xd5. The next diagram is a pawn forma­ tion typical of a black isolated pawn at d5. A pawn is isolated if no pawns of the same colour occupy adjacent files. Therefore, without a pawn cap­ ture, an isolated pawn can never be protected by another pawn.

2

-

Hanging Pawns

After the exc h a nge l .�d4xc6 b7xc6:

A common principle of play with hanging pawns is that piece exchan­ ges will weaken them. However, it must be pointed out that some ex­ changes are favourable to the side with the h anging p awns. For ex­ ample, in diagram 4, if queens are exchanged at b6 or e6, a third pawn comes to bolster the endangered pair. Piece pressure on hanging pawns often forces their advance, giving rise to the next two pawn formations:

Black has hanging pawns at c6 and d5, and White has forced them upon him. To avoid the blockade of the pawn pair c6 +d5 (and the classical g a m e s o f N i m zo w i t s c h a n d Rubinstein showed how ominous such blockades could be), Black needs to advance the c6-ft. N i m zo w i t s c h d e a l t w i t h t h i s second case i n detail, the study giving him occasion to compare the isolated versus hanging pawn structures and work out their strong and weak sides. H a n g i n g pawns a re pote ntia l ly stronger than isolated pawns, their advance is more practical, and, moreover, they control practically all of the central squares.

The effect of the advance may favour either side. For example, Black may willingly go for either of the above formations if that assures him pres­ sure along the b- or e-files:

Hanging Pawns

The advance of one of the pawns, however, creates a backward pawn, needful of defence. A backward pawn i s o n e w h o s e a d v a n c e is restrained only by an opposing pawn on an adjacent file, and which has no friendly pawn to support that ad­ vance. Typically, a backward pawn is needful of defence, and the square in front of it-the blockading square­ is a good leaping off place for the opponent's pieces. In these diagrams (5-10) Black has backward pawns on d5 or c5.

-

3

To sum up this discussion, we point out features of hanging pawns: a: the duo c4 + d4 is situated in the extended centre ( c3-c6-f6-f3),

���·��.-.�v� • f�� tr, �l:�4., .,//,l ·f f'�t ',7,�-,x7.• m � m • ' �m . • �• "m1 � �er�

.Ir� :-�,

·� ·�-�-.�. �.· -Nl '•. •w.Jll ,. .•ww" );;

�r�••-1••• ,,��

.•

' "

•

•

�.

. !i

making it valuable for control of central territory and the develop­ ment of piece activity in the centre

4

-

Hanging Pawns

and on the kingside;b: each side has an array of half-open lines along which to put pressure on the op­ ponent;

c: the duo c4 +d4 lies on half-open Jines and therefore may easily fall under heavy attack from the op­ ponent:

We define the main principles of play concerning hanging pawns. The side having the hanging pawns should strive: • to avoid exchanges; •

•

to place the pieces so that they defend the hanging pawns, but also so that they may easily switch over to a kingside attack; to control the central squares and exploit the space advantage;

•

to prepare the advance of one of the pawns or the formation of a passed pawn in the centre, but keeping in mind that blockade of the pawns is sometimes an ample antidote. The side playing against hanging pawns should strive: • to simplify the position through ex­ changes (which decrease both the import of the opponent's space ad­ vantage, and the opponent's at­ tacking possibilities); • to place the pieces so that they hinder the progress of the pawns (for example, bishops are often happy fianchettoed [on g7 and b7] where they do not get in the way of the deployment of other pieces, defend the king, control the valu­ able central squares or attack the hanging pawns themselves); • to coordinate piece pressure on one of the hanging pawns so that the opponent's pieces are tied to their defence; • to realize piece control of the un­ occupied central squares; • using piece pressure, or advance of the b- or e- pawns, to tempt for­ ward one of the isolated pawns with an eye to establishing a block­ ade. We look in detail at the application of these principles of play in the body of the book.

Hanging Pawns

-

Illustrative Games

Kuzmin

Tai

Tbilisi 1978

6

Black to move

White's c3- and d4- pawns are not yet blocked by Black's pieces and so are not weaknesses. White's game plan includes the undermining fta4-a5 and further play against b6. The chances are about equal.

'f!l'f4-e4

1

Not good was was 1.. . .£)d5 because of 2.ftc4.

2 'f!l'e2-a6!

'f!l'e4-f4

Black retreats, threatening 3 ...4Je4, so White has to pull his queen back.

3 4

'f!l'a6-e2 h2-h3

5

h7-h6 l:k8-c7

A multi-purpose move, not neces­ sarily intending to double on the c­ file, when White �trengthens his position with ftc3-c4.

'f!l'f4-e4

d4-d5?

Black threatened to play fte6-e5 or 4Jf6-d5. White had an interesting try in 6.�f3; after the trade of queens, White could play ftc3-c4, so freeing himself from the weakness of the c3ft. 6

7 8 9

1::!dl-d4 'OO'e2-d3 1::!c2-e2

e6xd5 'f!l'e4-e5 1::!c7-c5

Of no avail was 9.ftc4 because of 9 ... !!dc8.

9

10 11 12

1::!e2-d2 1::!d2-c2 c3-c4

1::!d8-e8 'f!l'e5-c7 'f!l'c7-c6 'f!l'c6xa4!

After 12 . . . ftbxc4 1 3 .!!dxc4 White would have had compensation for the pawn.

13 .£! e3xd5!

B u t n o t 1 3 . ft cxd S ? b e c a u s e o f 13 ...!!xe3 ! .

13 14 1:!d4xd5 15 c4xd5

.£if6xd5 1:!c5xd5

6

-

Hanging Pawns 2

15 16

g2-g3

'l!l'a4-f4! 'l!l'f4-d6

Black has blocked the d-ft, and White has no real counterplay.

17 �gl-h2 18 !!c2-e2 19 'fi}'d3-d4 20 !!e2-a2 21 h3-h4 22 !!a2-al

!!e8-d8 g7-g6 �g8-h7 !!d8-d7 h6-h5 b6-b5

�d3-f4

2

!!f8-b8!

The best defense is counterattack.

3 4

!!cl-c2 !!c2-e2

4 5 6

e3xd4 �f4-d5

,G.e6-f.5

0-1 .

Timman - Ljubojevic

Belgrade 1987

d5-d4! ,G.e7-d6!

Or 6.�d2 �c7 with strong piece pressure.

6 7 �c3xd5

White to move

1 ,G.h4xf6!?

An i n t e r e s t i n g decision, b u t i n a n a lysis Ti m mun reco m m e n d e d l ..£)f4 .£)b6 2.�e2.

1

�d7xf6

�ffixd5

After 7.Axd5 Ag4 8.AB Black con­ tinues 8 ... Axf3 9.ftgxt3 �b4 ! , with strong counterplay at the cost of a pawn.

7

c5-c4

A mistake is 7 ... �a2? in view of 8.ftb4! .

Hanging Pawns

8 gn.el 9 ge2-e8+ 10 gelxe8+ 11 �d5-e3

'lil'a5xa2 gbsxe8 �g8-h7

-

7

a : 1 .�h4 .£id4 ( 1 .. .ftg6 ! ? ) 2.,1xd4 ftcxd4 3.;!"!xd4 Ac5 4.;!"!ddl Axf2! + 5.\ftxf2 'M'b6 + 6.\ftel ftd4 compensa­ tion for the material. b : 1 . � e l 'M'b6 ( 1 . . . .£id4 2.,1xd4 ftcxd4 3 .;!"!xd4 Ac5 4.:!"!f4 ! + /- ) 2.�xd5 �xd5 3.,1xd5 � d 4 4.Axd4 ftcxd4 5.'M'b3 Axd5 6.'M'xd5 'M'xb2 =.

1

d5-d4

l...�g4 2.'M'b3 +/-.

2 3

Ae5xf6 �f3-g5

Ae7xf6 � e6xg5?!

3 ...,1xg5 4.,1xb7 ;!"!b8 5.,1g2 +/ =.

11

Af5-g6!

4 Ag2xb7 s Ah7-g2

Chiburdanidze Akhmylovskaya

This move is better than ll...Ad3 12.Ae2! +/=.

12 13 14 15 16

h2-h4! gesxe7 h4-h5 At3-d5 Ad5xf7

gc8-b8

+/-

Sofia 1986

ga7-e7 Ad6xe7 Ag6-d3 i!)'a2xb2 Ae7-f6!

Draw.

Dzhandzhgava Rosentalis

Lvov 1987

1

Black to move

d5-d4!

Bl ack's cha nces in the res ulting endgame are significantly better after:

White to move

1 gal-bl!

2 e3xd4 3 �c3-bl 4 gdlxcl 5 Ae2-fl?

c5xd4 gcsxcl d4-d3

A bit better was 5.Adl �e4 6.�bd2 .£ixg3 7.fthxg3 ;!"!d5 -/+ .

8

-

Hanging Pawns ( 1 ...fta5), but then the b5-square be­ comes a chronic weakness for Black.

1

Ah7xf3! .£lf6-h5 .£lh5-f4 l!d8-d5

g2xf3 Ag3 -e5 l!cl-dl Ae5-c3

Now after 9...Ac5 ! 10.Ael (10.fth4 A e7 ! ) 1 0 . . . � d 4 ll.�d2 � d e 2 + 12.�hl !!g5, Black would have had a won position.

Kasparov

-

Portisch

Bnisse/s 1986

White to move 1

a2-a4!

An original plan. White advances his

a-ft to prevent the development of Black's pieces to active positions: �d8-b6 and :!'!f8-d8. Kasparov would like to get Black to reply in kind

'ftd8-a5

-! �M; .i i _'];f!� ,,i�J.. .7._-�r.11 � --,, ;�{��· ,x� )_?,: L . , �.l jlm ·W'� � ·ft� ·� �� �-�, �� 45--�� .�"'�'mA � � ��- � � )�;, � � l�k �,,�

5 6 7 8 9

'l

'

�� rm�

____

j

r--l�.-� w�-r��r� 2 .£lf3-h4!

White's orbiting pieces look to the d6-square as a landing strip. 2

3

4

.£lh4-f5 .£lc3-b5

!!f8-d8 Ae7-f8 .£lf6-e8

Or 4 ...Aa8 5.�c3 ! attacking the a7-ft.

Hanging Pawns 6

-

g2-gl

9

In Gavrikov's opinion, 6.ftf3 would have been best, giving a small ad­ vantage to White. 6

7 8

Ac3-d2 irl'c2-a4

c5xd4 gb8-c8

Gavrikov - Yudasin

Fnmze 1981

8

h7-h5!

Absolutely correct! Black must now create some threats on the weakened kingside.

9

h2-h4

€'.ia6-b8!

There is no other way to improve the position of Black's knight. White to move

1 €'.it3-e5!

Preventing 1 ...ftd4 in view of the reply 2.'M'b3, or 1 ...'M'e6 in view of 2 ..£)d3 followed by 3.4Jf4.

1 2

e2-e3

2:fa8-b8 Ae7-f6

Also possible was 2 ... 'M'e6.

3 .[) e5-d3 4 e3xd4 5 glxg2

d5-d4 Ab7xg2 irl'c8-b7 +

10 11

gclxc8 gdl-el

irl'b7xc8 g7-g6?!

Gavri kov r e c o m m e n d s 1 1 . . . 'M'f5 1 2 . g e s + gxe8 1 3 . 'M' x e 8 + 'ift h 7 14.'M'xf7 'M'xd3 15.'M'xh5 + with a draw by perpetual check.

12 Ad2-a5! Or 12 ... gf8 13.Ab4 gd8 14.Ac5 with the idea ftb4 + /-.

13

gel-cl

irl'c8-b7

10

-

Hanging Pawns

14 iil'a4-b4! 15 iil'b4xb7 16 b2-b4! 17 a2-a4

�g8-g7 !!d7xb7 Af6-e7 �g7-f6

Or 17 ... .£id7 18 ..£ic5 ! .£ixc5 19.ftbxc5 + -.

18 19

b4-b5 �gl-fl

�f6-e6 �e6-d5

2 Ab2-al! White prepares an invasion of the weak al-h8 diagonal, to which Black answers by advancing his central pawns.

2 3 4 5

€'ld3-f4 g3xf4 !!cl-c2

c5-c4 €'l e6xf4 Ad6-a3 c4-c3

Now White could have played the winning 20 ..£1£4 + \1i>d6 21.Ab4 + \1i>d7 22.gc4.

Shabalov - Vaisser

Ti/burg 1993

6 !!dl-el! White strives to improve the queen's position by 'M'bl-dl-d4.

White to move

1 €'l e5-d3!

€'lf6-e4

6 d5-d4!? 7 €'lf3xd4 g6-g5 8 f2.f3 €'le4-d2 9 iil'bl-dl g5xf4 10 !!c2xc3 f4xe3 11 !!elxe3 i!l'e7xe3 + 12 !!c3xe3 !!c8-cl

Hangi.ng Pawns

13 itdlxcl 14 ge3-el 15 gel-dl 16 c&>gl-f2 17 gdlxcl 18 �d4xf5

.ll.a3xcl .ll.cl-a3 gf8.c8 gcS-cl .ll.a3xcl

And White won.

Kramnik - Ribli

4 �b5-d6 5 �f5xd6

-

.ll.e7xd6 ge8-e6?!

11

Kramnik recommends 5 .. !!ed8 6.!!cl ftc4 +/-. .

6

7

.ll.g2-h3 itdl-cl

.ll.b7-c6 c5-c4

8

.ll.f4-e5!

ga8-f8

Gro11i11ge11 1993

White to move

1 �f3-h4!

�d7-b6

After 1 ....£lh5 2 . .£lxd5 Axh4 3.ftgxh4 .£lxf4 4 . .£lxf4 Axg2 5 . .£lxg2 White remains a pawn up.

2

�h4-f5

gf8.e8

If 2 ... *d7, then 3.fte4 ftd4 4..£lxe7 + *xe7 5 . .£lb5 md8 6 ..£ld6! gains White a great advantage.

On 8 ... *e7, White has fabulous play after 9..£lf5 *f8 10.Ad4.

9 itcl-f4 10 .ll.h3xe6 11 itf4-d4 12 b2-b3 13 f2-f3! 14 gal-cl

�f6-h5 f7xe6 �h5-f6 .ll.c6-a8 itd7-c6 �f6-d7

Or 14 ... !!d8 15.Axf6 ftgxf6 16 . .£lxc4 + -.

15 b3xc4 16 .ll.e5xg7 17 e2xf3 18 �d6-e4 3 �c3-b5!

itd8-d7

d5xc4 gf8xf3 itc6xf3

With a won position for White.

12

-

Hanging Pawns

Hjartarson Polugaevsky

Gro11i11gen 1993

10

gcsxc4!

White did not notice this move. White manages to get two rooks for the queen, but the defense is difficult because Black's pieces coordinate so much better.

11 'i!l'f4xc4 12 Ae7xd8 13 d5xe6

� e5xc4 Ag7-h6!

This sacrifice merely prolongs the game.

Black to move

1 2 Ad3-bl 3 'i!l'e2xt3

�c6-b4 Ab7xt3! grs-ds

Black hits the d4-ft, intensifying the pressure he raised by trading off the defending knight on £3.

4

s

6 7

h2-h4 Ab2-a3 d4-d5 'i!l'f3-e4

�b4-c6 'i!l'd6-d7 �c6-e5

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

Ah6xcl gdlxcl t7xe6 h7xg6 h5xg6 Ablxg6 �g8-g7 'i!l'a4-a3! Ag6-d3 gclxc4 'i!)'a3xd3 gc4-c7+ �g7-g6 Ad8-h4 'i!l'd3-bl+ �gl-h2 'i!l'blxa2

White resigned.

Granda Zuniga Georgiev Kir.

Gro11i11ge11 1993

Or 7.fle2 fla4 attacking the c4-ft.

7 8 9 10

h4-h5 'i!l'e4-f4 Aa3-e7

g7-g6 'i!l'd7-a4 Af6-g7

White to move

1 gcl-c3!?

Another interesting plan was l .�b3 with the subsequent 2.fta5 ftbxa5 3.ftc5. Then White attacks the a5-ft or transfers his knight to a more ac­ tive position after �e2-c3-b5-d6.

Hanging Pawns

1 2 gdl-cl 3 Ah4-g3 4 tl'b4-b5?

'f!l'a8-b7 tl'b7-c7 tl'c7-d8

Best was 4.ftaS.

e6-e5!

4

Possible in view of S.ftdxeS gcs and 6 ...�xeS -/+ .

5 tl'b5-a6 6 Ag3-t2

4Jf6-h5!

1

g3-g4!

13

a : l . � h 1 ? A x e s 2 . ft d x e S � x c 4 3.fud8 + *xd8 4.fuc4 fuc4 S.�c4 * d l + 6.�g2 *xa l 7.*c8 + �g7 8.*xb7 �a2 + -+. That is how the game continued. b: l .ftdS ftexdS 2.Ac3 *a6 3.fudS �fS -/+ . with the idea 2.ftdS unclear.

Larsen - Miles

Ti/burg 1981

Or 6.AxeS �xeS 7.ftdxeS gcs and 8...gas - + .

6 7 4J e2xd4 8 4Jd4-e2

-

e5xd4 gc6-g6

O r 8.*xa7 �cs with the th reat 9...gas.

8 9 tl'a6-b5 10 tl'bS-bl

4Jd7-c5 a7-a6

Erroneous is 1 0.*b4 i n view of 10...�d3.

10 11 12

gc3-d3 gd3-e3

4Jc5xa4 tl'd8-e7 'f!l'e7-c7

Black is not only a pawn up but has the positional advantage.

Schiissler - Kasparov

Graz 1981

White to move

White to move

1 e3-e4!? 2 gal-cl 3 'f!l'c2-d2 4 h2-h4!?

d5-d4 grs-cs a5-a4

White strives to create threats on the kingside.

4

4Jd7-e5!

14

-

5 6

Hanging Pawns

4Jf3xe5 i&d2-e2

i&e7xe5

Gulko - Gavrikov

Tallinn 1983

Risky was 6.ftf4 in view of 6 ...'M'h5.

6 7

lk8-c6 lkl-c4

Now White threatens to attack the a4-ft.

Black to move

1

.G,e6-g4

More natural seems l ...ftf5, but after 2.ftd5 ftfxe4 3 . .ftdxe6 ftexd3 4.gxd3 'M'e7 5.gel the e6-ft is very strong.

2

7

g8-g7

Very interesting was 7.J�a5 ! ? 8.'M'd2 'M'c7.

8 i&e2-d2 9 lk4xa4 10 1:!el-cl 11 1;!a4xa6 12 1;!clxc4 13 .G,d3xc4

.G,b7-a6 c5-c4 1:!a8-c8 1;!c6xa6 1;!c8xc4

White has sacrificed the exchange. B l a c k s h o u l d h av e c o n t i n u e d 1 3 ...ga7; after 14.Ad3 'M'a5 the posi­ tion is most unclear.

Ad3-e2

g8-h8

After 2 . . . gh5 3 .fth3 'M'c7 4 . � g l ! White has a positional advantage. If 2 ...ftf5, the strong 3.ftd5! follows.

� f""2 ��,,�� �m � - -�,, ,//,.•, , , ,/,� ,��----� • • �m� Y,m m� ·Jm • •:t".·�"g8-h8

Moscow 1948

6 White to move

1 �e2-g3

f7-f5

Certainly, 1 ...�xg3 2.fthxg3 would give White an excellent position, but White also gains the advantage in the game. Black's pawns on the kingside and in the center ar� weakened and are objects of attack.

2 �g3-h5

gf8.f7

'tb6-d8

After 6 ... �d8 7.ftb4 ftc4 8.Ae5 gd7 fo llows 9.Ad4 then 1 0.�eS, and White wins.

7 �f4xd5

It would have been easier to play 1.gxds.

7 8 �f3xh4 9 �d5-f4

.!e7-h4 'td8xh4 gf7-d7

Now White has achieved a won posi­ tion, continuing with:

16

-

Hanging Pawns

10 !!dlxd6 11 .£lf4-h3 12 'i!l'c2-c4

!!d7xd6 !!d6-d2 !!d2xf2

Black could have tried 1 2 ... .£id4, hoping for 13.ftexd4 .£ixf2, but White wins with either 13.'M't7 or 13.,1xd4 .£ixf2 14.,1xg7 + ! .

4 5

b2-b3

.£ld7-b6 'i!l'f6-c3?!

After 5 ....£id7 6.'M'xa7 gas 7.f/c7 �a2 White has 8..£ie5 ! ! + -. Necessary was 5 ...'M'e7 ! ? .

13 'i!l'c4-f7! Panno - Timman

Amsterdam 1977

6 'i!l'a6-a3! Creating the threat 7.gcl . White to move

1 !!c3-e3!

'i!l'e7-f6

6 7

e2-e3

.£lb6-d7 a7-a5?

8

!!el-cl

'iil'c3-b4

If 8...*f6, 9..£iel followed by 10 ..£id3.

4 'i!l'a4-a6! White continually harrasses Black's pieces and pawns, keeping him off balance.

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

'i!l'a3xb4 .lg2-h3! .lh3xd7 !!clxcS .£lt3-d4 �gl-g2 !!c5xd5 !!d5-d6 !!d6-b6

a5xb4 !!e8-a8 .lc6xd7 h7-h6 !!a8xa2 !!a2-a7 !!a7-c7 .ld7-c8

White has achieved a won position.

Hanging Pawns

,,

9

:-

7.

. �f8-g6!

After this pa n sacrifice Black gets counterplaY·

10 11

'i!l'h5xf5 .Qb5-e2

'

�g6-e5 !'k8-f8

Very tempt'mg was 1 1 ...fth6'. preventing flg5 ,

·

6 7

...

.Qg2-fl Afl-c4

f7-f5 �g8-h8 �e6-f8

'i!l'e7-e6 12 'i!l'f5-g5 'i!l'e6-h3 13 �a4xc5 grsxf2 g5xe5 �54 'ill' 'i!l'h3-h2+ �glxf2 16 �f2-fl !fa8-f8+ 17 'i!l'e5-f4 grsxf4+ 18 g3xf4 .Qb7-c8

18

Hanging Pawns

-

19

gel-dl

And the game soon ended in a draw due to perpetual check.

Portisch - Tai Ti/burg 1980

6

White to move

1

�dl-e2

White controls the most important s q u a res on the board. B l ack, in search of immediate counterplay, causes a change in the central pawn structure, a change which will be to White's advantage.

1 2 �c3xe4

�f6-e4

Afte r 2 . A x e 7 €) x c 3 B l a c k h a s simplifed the position.

2 3 J1h4xe7

.

d5xe4 �d8xe7

Or 3 .. ftexf3 4.Axd8 ftfxe2 5.Ae7 and White wins the exchange.

4 �f3-d2 5 gcl-c2 6 �d2-c4

grs-ds gdS-dS

�e7-g5?!

Black counts on getting counterplay, but better was 6 ...gg5. White's pawn s t r u c t u r e is c o n s i d e r a b ly t h e sounder. The weakness o f Black's c5ft is also a weakness of the light squares on the queenside. 6 ...gcd8? was a lso bad due to 7.€) a5 Aa8 8.€)c6.

ilb7-a8 gc8-d8 gds-cs �g5-e7

7 �c4-a5 8 gel-cl 9 � a5-b3 10 h2-h3

A-. �1�-���-!� . ;E iiE '!< Y.• f:;j , � � /, ,/,� �-. �,, ,,/,- , ,/,� �.--

.� :t:ii-:, •w.1,,� " /,�, �·�.­

, ;
xe7 7.Ag4 gas 8..£ld3 in­ tending cf)d3-f4 and strong pressure on the d5 pawn. Also crucial is 5 ...ftg5x 6.Ag3 .£i e4 7 . .£ixe4 ftdxe4 8.cf)c4 - and White again has the better chances.

Now White can force a draw from a position of s trength: 4.ga l gas 5.Aa6 Ac6 6.Ab5 Ab7 and so on. However, White need not hurry, s ince h e clea rly has a better endgame.

4

�f3-e5

The knight occupies an excellent position in the very center of the board. White's pieces are actively placed, and Black must act prudently. So, in the case of 4 ...)t>f8 5.Af3 cf)e4? Black at least loses a pawn: 6.Axe7 + )t>xe7 7.Axe4 ftdxe4 8.gxdS gxdS 9.fud8 ia/xdS 10.cf)xf7 + .

4

�g8-f8

Now after 5.ia/fl Black may start a counterattack: 5 ... ftg5 ! ? 6.Ag3 cf)e4 7.cf)xe4 ftdxe4, and to 8.cf)d7 + there is 8. .. ia/eS 9.Ab5 Ac6!.

s

a7-a6!

A better decision: Black takes the b5 square under control and defends the a-ft. Here is a long (but, of course, optional) and interesting variation: 6.Axf6 Axf6 7.cf)g4 Ag5 (unclear is 7 ...Axc3 8.ftbxc3 ge8) 8.Af3 gb8! ? 9.�xd5 �xd5 10.AxdS Axd5 1 1 .fudS

1 06

-

Hanging Pawns

!'!xd5 12.!'!xd5 fub3 13.!'!xc5 !'!xb2 14.!'!c8 + rt;e7 15.!'!c7 + rt;e8 16.�e5 Ae7 17.!'!c8 + Ad8 18.�xt7.

6

Ae2-t3

White not only reinforces the attack on the d5 pawn, but also threatens �e5-c4, exploiting the opposition of the bishops. Now after 6...ftg5 7.Ag3 � e4 8.Axe4 ftdxe4 9.�c4 �xc4 10.ftbxc4 White's chances are clearly better.

6

Ab7-aS

Protects the bishop. While the a6 pawn may end up in danger, the im­ mediate 7.!'!al fails to 7 ...ftd4, which at least equalizes the game. Interest­ i n g is 7 .Axf6 Axf6 8.�g4 Axc3 9.ftbxc3 !'!e8 and White has the easier game. One idea is 9...ftc4, but after 1 0.ftb4, White again has a better game. This suggests a further nuance, and here is the solution: 9 ... fta5 ! 1 0.!'!a2 ftc4 1 1 .fua5 ftcxb3 12.!'!b5 � a4 13.!'!xb3 �xc3 and �c3-e4 with equality.

vantage. White is also on top follow­ ing 7 ...�xg4 8.Axe7 + rtixe7 9.Axg4 !'!b8 1 0 . A f3 ftd4 1 1 .ftexd4 Axf3 12.ftgxf3 ftcxd4 13.!'!xd4 �d7 14.ftb4.

4Jf6-gS!?

7

It is difficult to assess the continua­ tion 8.Ag3 ftc4 9.�xd5 �xd5 10.Axd5 Axd5 1 1 .!'!xd5 ftcxb3 1 2.fte4 'll e 8 13.�e3 �f6. A n d a ft e r 8 . A x e 7 + � x e 7 d angerous i s 9.!'!a 1 ftd4 1 0.ftexd4 Axf3 1 1 .ftgxf3 ftcxd4 12.� e2 �f5 13.fua6 �d5 when Black has more than enough compensation for the pawn. However, stronger is 9.�e5! , and after 9. . .!'!e8 10.Ag4 !'!b8 1 1 .� a4 White is still better off. Draw

Lputian

-

Dorfman

Tashkent 1984

White to move

1

7

4J e5-g4

White commits to a precise plan. The position of Black's pieces is almost ideal. Can the time have arrived to take serious measures? For example, 7.ftg4. After the text, 7.�g4, 7 ... ftg5 8.Ag3 ftc4 9.ftb4 gives White the ad-

4Jf3-el !

White begins a typical regrouping of h i s fo rces d i rected a g a i n s t the opponent's hanging pawns.

1 2 3 4

Ae2-t3 4J el-d3 Ah4-g3

4J d7-b6 gdS-d7? g7-g5 gas-cs

Difficult to believe, but Black loses a pawn by force. White's next moves

Hanging Pawns

are not original, but they are instruc­ tive.

5 .£) d3-e5 6 .£) e5-c4! 7 .£) c4-a5 8 .£) c3xd5 9 .£l.f3xd5 10 gdlxd5 1 1 gdSxdS + 12 .£) a5-b7 13 gcl-c4! 14 ,£l.g3-d6 15 gc4-cl .£)b7xd6 16 17 .£) d6-f5 18 g2-g3 19 gclxc5 20 .£)f5.d4 21 gcsxg5 + 22 gg5xh5 23 h2-h4 24 .£) d4-f5 25 gbS-hS + h4-h5 26 Black resigned.

gd7-d8 .£) b6-d7 ,£l.b7-a8 .£)f6xd5 .£l.a8xd5 .£) d7-f6 .£l.e7xd8 ,£l.d8-e7 .£)f6.d5 .£) d5-b6 ,£l.e7xd6 gc8-d8 h6-h5 gd8-d3 gd3xb3 gb3xb2 f6? is bad be­ cause of 5.ftc4 �a5 6.ftd 5 ! ftexd5 7.Ag5 + with mate in two moves.

c3-c4 S 6 'i!i'g4xg5 + 7 ,lcl-e3

'i!i'd5xd4 �g7-f8 'i!i'd4-h8

O t h e rw i s e W h i te d e c i d e s w i t h 8.Ac5 + 'it>e8 9.�g8 + .

9

,le3-c5 + 4Jh6-g4

10

.lc5-b6

8

�f8-e8 �e8-d7 gcS-bS

Hanging Pawns Petrosian - Geller Amsterdam 1956

- 121

passed pawns on the a-file come back to haunt him.

6

b3xa4

7 l!b2xb8 + 8

�b6-c4 l!a8xb8

e5-e6

White to move

1

e3-e4!

.Qf5-g6

Black misses his best chance by refus­ ing to take on e4. After 1...ftdxe4 2.�xe4 Axe4 3 .Axe4 �d5 4. � d2, B l a c k h a s c h a nces for s u rviva l , though here, too, Black would have great difficulties.

f2-f4 .Qg2-h3

2 3

� E ��.,, , , , . , ,

f7-f6 !'k8-b8

-,�- � t � 7, �

Y,

1 -w-�1Rt ,,� t �� · W;i m r-,.;P.jl·�r.A5• • fl • i;P.j"���}, � �: i� - �� �:·,� ·�-�---·,f, - W%, · '· , /,�, � % '*- ft �� · •• �%:f7'r. ,,w�-, '"

� 7'. �� � - � · g: � 8 � w�, � . . �< �B � m �� :z1 ���fC::; 8 � �, w·r,"" . /. "

-· lg� ,�

4

e4-e5 !

,,W/""J;

- f&] ·

The formation of a passed pawn pu � Black in an even more difficult posi­ tion.

4 5

f4xe5

f6xe5 a5-a4

Sacrificing a pawn, Geller seeks to _ activate his pieces, but the white

8

l!b8-bl

More complicated was 8...�:!e8.

9

l!clxbl

.Qg6xbl

10

.Qh3-fl

� c4-d6

11

a2-a3

�g8-f8

12

a4-a5

� d6-c8

13

�gl-f2

�f8-e7

14

�f2-e3

�e7-d6

15

�e3-d4

.Qbl-fS

16

.an-e2

�c8-a7

16 ... Axe6 17 ..£)xe6 'it>xe6 18.Ag4 + .

17

a5-a6

.if5-h3

17 ...Axe6 18 ..£)xe6 \fi>xe6 19.\fi>cS.

18

a3-a4

19 �c5-b7 +

� a7-c8 �d6xe6

19 ... \fi>c7 20.\fi>eS.

20

�d4-c5

�e6-d7

122

-

Hanging Pawns

�ruJB�. ��.:� � ;� . i ;� "1 �

� am � •m �--�m a m �ef.. f,V'��----.�� �r,�" .,, 7,�.,� '- · · · ·

· � �� m

[!'".Ill

;�

mr • "• -�,,,, y,.--. ·

21

.'fmf'••• ··-7, ., /._1t• ._. ·. � �· w-�� '·r�-�- ·��¥,.�.- l��J � • 3

�b7-a5

White would have achieved victory considerably faster by continuing with 2 1 .4Jd6 .£i a 7 22 . .£ib5 ! ftcxb5 23.ftaxb5, and Black could resign.

Portisch - Karpov B11goj110 1978

Black to move

1

Ab7xf3 !

A useful recipe. Although it is a great

pity to part with the strong bishop, the knight on £3 hinders Black's en­ tire game.

2

tl'e2xf3

e6-e5

Black makes use of a standard way to undermine the hanging pawns.

"

tl't3-g3?

Miscalculating, White sacrifices a pawn. Better was 3.ftd5 4Jc5 4.Afl, and the bishop pair is not weaker than the knights, in spite of the blockaded character of the position.

3 4 gelxe8 + 5 Ad2-f4 6 Ad3-f5 7 h2-h3 8 gcl-dl 9 AfS-bl 10 �gl-h2 11 Af4-e5 12 tl'g3-f4 13 tl'f4-e4 14 tl'e4-e2 a2-a4 15 16 Ae5-g3 17 Abl-a2 18 tl'e2-el 19 f2-t3 20 gdl-d2 21 tl'el-cl 22 �h2-hl 23 Ag3-f2 24 Aa2-bl

e5xd4 �f6xe8 tl'c7-c6 gcS-dS � d7-c5 tl'c6-f6 tl'f6-e6 �g8-f8 tl'e6xc4 � c5-e6 tl'c4-d5 � e8-d6 � d6-c4 � e6-c5 d4-d3 tl'd5-d4 � c4-e3 gds-es .£l c5xa4 .£i a4-c5 tl'd4-e5 �f8-g8

Not wanting further to drag out a hopeless resistance, White resigned.

Hanging Pawns Halprin - Pillsbury Vie1111a 1898

1

-

gn-h1

Preparing 8.Ae2, but the tempo al­ lows Black to activate his own pawn phalanx. Better is 7.4Jc3, though Black can still play 7 ...ftf5.

7 8 9 10 11

4J e4-c3 Jl,d3-e2 4J c3-b5 'te3-a3

11 12 13 14

d5-d6 Jl,b2xe5 �g2-h2

f7-f5 e5-e4 gds-es f5-f4

Black to move

1 2

e6�5! d4-d5

Bad is 2.ftdxe5 �xe5 3 ..!lxe5 Axe5 4.�xe5 fud3 when Black threatens fud2, and fth6, and Ae2 followed by �g4.

2 3

4J c6-d4 h2-h4

There is nothing better: 3 .Axd4 ftexd4 - + ; 3.�ge4 4Jxe4 4.�xe4 Af5 5.�e3 Axd3 6.�xd3 � e2 + - + ; 3.ftt3 Ac5 ! .

3 4 5 6

.

. .

4Jg5-e4 4J d2xe4 �gl-g2

e4-e3 ! 4Jf3-e5 f4-f3 +

h7-h6 4Jf6xe4 4J d4-f3 + Jl.d6-b8

• m ·�­ � �� �1:7 � � :t m' "m l�� � ./,. �.- �., /,� w�� = �;!fp ¥d

.•.!a�·-� � .1 � ·.r.; /, L t � � f . · .ru ··% -���� �� ,,

� - \,?� . . , , , .,�.� ,��- - ;.����. , ,,,,,

,

v,

123

gesxeS

14

14 ... �xe5! ? 15.ftd7 ftexf2!.

15 16 17

Jl.e2-d3 f2xe3 Jl,d3-fi

Jl,g4-d7 'th5-g4 geS-hS

124

-

18

Hanging Pawns

�kl-c2

O r 1 8. � b 2 A x b 5 1 9 . A h 3 gxh4 20.ftgxh4 Axd6 + .

while White strains either to take ad­ vantage of his central pawn p r e p o n d e r a nce o r to b l o c k a d e Black's pawns. H e might have tried l.ftb3 ! ? , followed by �g3-e2-f4, gd 1d2, gcl -dl, which would have limited the mobility of the black pawns.

1 2

d5-d4 4J c3-e2? !

Consistent with the idea of blockad­ ing the pawns was 2.�b l, eyeing c4.

gh5xb5

18 Black wins a piece.

19 20 21 22

�k2-d2 il'a3-b2 il'b2xb7 il'b7-b2

gb5-e5 gesxe3 Ad7-c6 t3-t2

White resigned.

Szabo - Pachman Saltsjobaden 1952

2

h6-h5

Black cram ps his opponent even more with this move.

3

t2-t3

grs-ds

4

b2-b3

4Jf6-d7

5

il'c2-d2

4J d7-e5

The knight supports the advance of either pawn.

White to move

1

e3-e4?

White prefers d isturbing Black's central pawn structure to the long­ term siege of the hanging pawns. This decision seems incorrect, as Black gets a protected passed pawn,

6

il'd2-h6

gcS-c6

7

4Jg3-n

gd8-d6

8

il'h6-d2

gd6-d7

9

t3-f4

4J e5-g4

10

h2-h3

4Jg4-h6

11

il'd2-d3

gc6-e6

12

4Jfl-d2

Hanging Pawns

-

125

Bondarevsky - Smyslov

Moscow 1950

12 13

�h6-f5 !!dl-el Black to move

13.ftexfS ge3 14.'l!i'b l gxe2 15.ftfxg6? 'l!i'e3 + .

�f5-e3

13 e4-e5

�b6-d5

15

� d2-e4

!!d7-c7

16

� e2xd4

14

On 16.'l!i'bS? ! would follow 16 ... gec6, or the complex variation 16 ... gb6 and if 17.'l!i'aS then 17 ... &l:lxg2 ! ? 18.�xg2 d3 19.'l:lgl &l:lxf4 + 20.�hl 'l!i'xe5 with excellent play for Black, for example 2i.gxcs 'lli' b 2! .

c5xd4

16 17

i!l'd3xd4

!!c7xcl

18

!!elxcl

�d5xf4

19

i!l'd4xe3

!!e6xe5

20

!!cl-cS +

C3;>g8-g7

21

i!l'e3xf4

!!e5xe4

Draw

1

b6-b5!

Acceptance of the sacrifice would be bad because it would convert the h a ng i n g p awns i n to d a n g e ro us passed pawns. For example, after l ...ftbxa5 2.gb 1 Aa8 3.c5 'l!i'd8 4.'l:lc4 'l:ld5 5.'l:le2, Black's pieces are par­ ticularly restricted. Even though B l ack's knight occupies the key blockading square d5, White has the advantage after the regrouping 'l:le4c4-d6.

2

c4-c5

Bad is 2.ftcxb5 ftaxb5 3.�xb5 in view of 3 ... 'l!i'd5 4.'l!i'fl Aa6 with an uncom­ fortable pin. White could defend with s.gb 1 , with the idea of �b5-c7, and then 5 .. J�c2 is insufficient be­ cause of 6.&l:lc7, but after 5 ... 'l:l e4 White's position becomes critical.

i!l'd6-d8

2 3

!!cl-al

126

- Hanging Pawns the b3 pawn becomes White's con­ stant worry.

7 8 9

'irl'h3-c3 'irl'c3-b2 �fl-el

.£if6-d5 .£i d5-e3 'irl'd8-d5

The key d5-square has been a tram­ poline for both knight and queen!

10

b5-b4!

3

Black begins to wrest control of the blockade square d5, and the passed b-ft is strong.

.£ic3-e2?

White should fight for control of d5. After 4.4J a4 White is able to play 4J a4-b6 and then his rook, which is now tied to the defense of the a-ft, could shift to bl and attack Black's b -ft. For example: 4 ... Ae4 5.'M'f2 ( 5 .'M' h 3 ? Ac2 6.gd2 4J e 4 ! ) 4J d 5 6.4Jb6 gc7 7.ge l Ah7 8.'M'e2 .fif4 9.'M'e3 .fid5 10.'M'e2 with even chances.

4 5

6

'irl'f5-h3 �d i -fl

Ab7-e4 Ae4-c2 b4-b3

Black has the positional advantage: White's pawns cannot advance and

after 10...'M'e4 l l .g3 1 2 . .fi g4 ! ) 1 2 . � f2 - + ) 'M'xd4 13.�d4 g e 4 + 1 5 .�d2 b2

10

grs-es

Another attempt to realize the ad­ v a n t a g e is 1 0 . . . .fi c 4 1 1 . 'M' c 3 b 2 12.'M'xc2 ftbxa l Q 13.gxal g5.

11 12 13 14 15 16

4

.£i e5-f3

If 10..fif4, then g fd 8 ( 1 l . . . g5 ( 1 2. .fig4 .£ic4! gxd4 1 4 .�xe3 Black wins.

�al-cl .£i e2-c3 .£i c3-dl .£i dlxe3 gelxe3 �gl-f2

gc8-c6 'irl'd5-f5 gc6-e6 ge6xe3 ge8xe3 'irl'f5-e4

Black possesses three trumps cards which together promise a decisive positional adva ntage: centralized major pieces; a dangerous passed pawn close to promotion; and the im­ mobilization of White 's h a nging pawns.

17 18

gel-el .£if3xel

ge3xel

Hanging Pawns 18

-

Ac2-dl !

127

Black intends to trade queens at e2, expressing the b-ft.

19 20 21 22 23 24 25

c5-c6 � el-d3 �f2-e3 � d3-el �e3-d2 �d2-dl �dl-cl

il'e4xc6 il'c6-c4 Adl-c2 Ac2-f5 il'c4-b5 Af5-g4 + il'b5-c4 +

White resigned.

Oj anen - Trifunovic Mar de/ Plata 1953

Black to

s 6 7 8 9

Acl-e3 il'c3-cl �f3-e5 � e5xc6 Ae3-d2?

9 10

gn.el

�f6-d5 �fa8-b8 il'd8-c7 il'c7xc6

move

The tactical justification for 1...ftb5 is that White has not yet castled.

c4-c5

If 2.ftcxb5, then 2... Axb5. After the move in the text, Black blocks the white pawns and gets the advantage in the center.

2 3 4

�b8-c6!

...

b7-b5!

1

2

4

Threatens 5 . . . Axf3 6.Axf3 �xd4 7.Axa8? �e2 + . After 5.Axb5 Axf3 6.'l!i'xf3 �xd4 7.'l!i'd3 �xb5 8.'l!i'xb5 'l!i'c7, defending the c-ft would have given White a lot of trouble.

0-0 il'c2-c3

Ad7-c6 Ac6-e4

Ae4xg2 !

The grim result of accepting the s a c r i fice i s 1 O . . � e 3 + + 1 1 . 'iflg3 'l!i'g2 + 12.';t>h4 �f5 + 13.'if;hS 'l!i'g6 mate. .

10 11 12

Ad2-f4 Af4-d6

� d5-e7 gbS-b7 Ag2-d5

128

-

13 14 15

Hanging Pawns

�cl -c3 Ad6xe7 gel-bl

grs-cs gb7xe7

After 3.�b3 interesting is 3 ...Axc3 4.Axe4 ftfxe4 5 J�� xc3 .£ic5 6.'l!ta3 ftexf3, and if 7.gxcs - 7 ...�g4!.

Ab4-a3

3

B l a c k h a d g o o d c h a n ce s w i th 3 . . . �xc2, since after 4.gxc2 Aa5 5.Ac7 Axc7 6.gxc7 .£i ec5 Black's position is not worse.

15 16 17 18 19 20 21

Ae2xb5 �c3-g3 f2-t3 tl'g3-f2 'l?glxf2 Ah5-d3

e6-e5 ! tl'c6-g6 + tl'g6-e4 tl'e4xd4 + tl'd4xf2 + gcsxcS g7-g6

White resigned.

Vaganian - Karpov

Leningrad 1970

White to move

White commenced decisive battle action:

1 2 3

b2-b4 a3xb4 � c3-a2

c5xb4 Ae7xb4

4

tl'c2-bl !

.la3xcl

5

gdlxcl

� d7-c5

The best solution. The black queen, overloaded by the defense of the b7 bishop, can go nowhere. The attempt to cove r the c-file with another knight after 6.Axf5 gxf5 7.'l!txf5 'l!tf8 8.�b l is good only for White.

6

J\d3xe4

d5xe4

7

�t3-d4

Ah7-d5

8

� a2-b4

tl'c8-b7

9

gclxcS

Finally ridding himself of the pin, Karpov makes an inexcusable error with his next move. Instead, 9 ..gfe8 would give him the opportunity to defend himself. .

grs-cs?

9 10

gcsxdS

tl'b7xb4

Hanging Pawns

,, •

• x @• • xm • • �• • . .W'ffe;·� • •m

-

Larsen - Unzicker

• �� i� t t m! - - · · · · ­

129

Lugano 1968

• f. ,fJ: t g · � -�·\�ry-�-'m *�-� - . . - :� .. .

; ·•-� ·•�. " ;.w�,w� � �· ·�m1 �•@• . [& 11

-

�

, //,

��/, B if�/, r "�-

'ltbl-d l !

The black queen i s untouchable be­ cause of the threat of checkmate after gc8-cl .

11

'ltb4-a4

xmxm

m

m

-•m

• �t

·-·�-� j.

'"' •.��-1�� �-�g. tg • �•-�.k iw-���. . �- � m -. • •�I- &! - m �

� "� /,� � �

•

•

Y/,�

o

�

12 !!d5-d8 + !

White to move

1

'fte2-d2

B l a c k c a n n o t t a k e t h e p aw n : l . . .Axh4? 2.'M'h6 Af6 3 .�g5 Axg5 4.Axg5 ftf6 s.gxe6 ftfxg5 6.gxg6 + .

1

,!e7-f6

White could maintain reasonable at­ tacking chances by answering 1 ...€'l a5 with 2.€'lg5. Note that in such posi­ tions the attacking side has an inter­ esting opportunity: the maneuver ga 1-b l -b5, and the rook joins in the assault on the king.

2

h4-h5

Karpov apparently missed this Zwis­ chenzug when deciding on gf8-c8.

12 13 'ftdl-h5 +

�g8-f7

And Black resigned in view of in­ evitable mate.

2

.£i c6-a5?

A known plan, but the advance of White's h-ft has bolstered White's at-

130

-

Hanging Pawns

tacking opportunities. Black should have played 2 ... f l Ae5 ( o t h e r p o s­ sibilities are weaker: either 6 ...�e5 7.Af4, or 6 . . . ftg6 7 .�xh 6 + 'it>h8 8.Ad4 + ftf6 9.�xg6 �hl + 10.'it>e2 gce8+ 1 1 .'it>f'3 with a win) 7.'it>e2! . That i s the point! Because o f the looseness engendered by Black's in­ nocent-looking h7-h6, White has an extra attacking resource, along the h-file. And how Black may save him­ self is not evident, for example: a: 7 . . . A x a l s . gx a l ft g 6 (8 . . . � e 5 9.�xh6 + 'it>h8 10.gh l �b2+ l l .'it>f'3 ft d 4 + 1 2 . g 8 l l .gh8 + h7 ( 18. ..'it>f8 19.gxds + gxds 20.gxds + A x d 8 2 1 . � b 4 + ) 1 9 . gxdS gxd8 20.gxdS Axd8 21 .�d7. Karpov's move is stronger than long forced variations. With one stroke, it dashes all of White's hopes.

17

/i:} d4-t3

'l!l'e5xg3

18 gd2xd8 +

Ae7xd8

19

'l!l'a4-b4

Ab7-e4

20

Ablxe4

/i:}f6xe4

21

gdl-d4

.[) e4-n +

22

�hl-gl

.[)a-d3

23

'lil'b4-b7

gc8-b8

24

'lil'b7-d7

Ad8-c7

25

�gl-hl

gb8xb2

26

gd4xd3

c4xd3

27

'lil'd7xd3

154

-

27 28 29 30

Hanging Pawns

'li}'d3-e4 �f3-gl �h4-f3

'li}'g3-d6! 'li}'d6-dl + 'li}'dl-d6 gb2-b5

White resigned.

3

e5-e6 !?

Very vigorous. After 3.fu:d5 �e6 (in­ tending 4 ... ged8) 4.�e4 (with the idea of 5 ..£ld4) 4...�c6 followed by 5 ...ged8 Black would have had no difficulties.

3 Vyzhmanavin

-

Legky

Tashkent 1987

'li}'d7xe6

Of course not 3 ... ftfxe6? because of 4.Axg7! gl-hl

� d7-f8

7

geJ.g3

gd8-d7

8

ga1-n

Or 8.'tg4 ftg6 9.ftf5 gxd3! 10.gxd3 ftexf5 and 1 1 ...�e6 with excellent compensation for the exchange.

8 9

ga8-d8 f4-t5

9 10 11 12 13 14

gg3 xd3 gn.d1 t5xe6 gd3xd8 gdl-d2

14 15

h2-h3

gd7xd3 ! ii}'c5xc4 .1b7-a6 ii}'c4xe6 .1a6xe2

ii}'e6-t5!

Hanging Pawns 15

�g8-h7!

White resigned.

Gligoric - Furman Portorou 1975

Black to move 1

�k8-d8!

...

The rook has no future on c8, since the c4 pawn is well protected, and the other rook on e8 prevents ftd4-d5.

2

tl'd2-b2

f7-f6

Possible was 2.. fth5 first.

-

8

gdl-cl

tl'c7-f7

9

Abl-d3

gc8-c5

Black's play is more real.

10

4J e3-fl? !

Better was 10.ftf3.

10 11

f2-f4

.

4J e5-g4 d4-d5

3 4

�g8-g7 e6-e5

The structure is changed. Black con­ trols the d6 blockade square, but has problems on the kingside.

m Jm:s. m m

m • � i�A�Sj m �"f:ifj_ t ia - · -�ff . 'E: � t lm • m m�m m ia,,� · "• m m m · �m m •" ·,"1·,�� lmiam ft • r� m mW&m�&� a � �� E. !i'L� • �� • m ,;� .L �• ���t /, • � ?� /,%� � � r::I ""'� II!. -�_,.,.,,

T

..

'·

. /, �.,,,'*

� 5 6 7

tl'b2-d2 4Jg4-e3 .ll a2-bl

..

6

_

11

e5-e4 !

_ _

h7-h5 4Jf5-d6 gd8-c8

12

Ad3xe4

4J d6xe4

13

gelxe4

Ab7xd5

14

ge4-d4

Ad5-e6

15

4Jfl-e3

b6-b5

167

168

-

Hanging Pawns Larsen

-

Najdorf

Palma de Ma/lorca 1969

16

f4-f5!

The only chance to create threats, even at the cost of a pawn.

g6xf5

16 17

!kl-c3

b5xc4

18

.€) e3- fi

'f!i'f7-e8

19

.€)fi-g3

4e6-f7

20

gc3-e3

c4-c3

21

ge3xe8

c3xd2

White to move

h2-h3 !

1

A useful move, restricting the black queen. One poisonous idea is: l ...ged8 2.ftd5 ftexd5 3.ftcxd5 � e7 4.it/fl ! ! with the strong threat of 5.ftg4. 1

2

3

4 5

6

d4-d5 gelxe8 + c4xd5 .€)t3xe5 d5-d6

•

gaS-dS e6xd5 gdsxe8 .€) c6-e5 'f!i'hSxeS ge8-d8

}1, , 1"!P.j"i�'�··���· ·�'•�W'f. :t . m �� :t • � m

�m m•m

.le games. ?)E?/::.. Rett.itt;:§..P�·lling Checker: Different sources use different spellin.g'{t�,plil:yers and tp�mifilents. The "rectify" command analyzes all spellings api'Fii'�g in a game