Handbook of Latin American Studies, Vol. 76: Humanities 9781477326602

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HANDBOOK OF LATIN AMERICAN STUDIES: No. 76 A Selective and Annotated Guide to Recent Publications in Art, History, Literature, Music, and Philosophy

VOLUME 77 WILL BE DEVOTED TO THE SOCIAL SCIENCES: ANTHROPOLOGY, GEOGRAPHY, GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS, INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, POLITICAL ECONOMY, AND SOCIOLOGY

editorial note: Comments concerning the Handbook of Latin American Studies should be sent directly to the Humanities or Social Sciences Editor, Handbook of Latin American Studies, Hispanic Reading Room, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540-4851 or emailed to [email protected].

advisory board Roberto González Echevarría, Yale University Eric Hershberg, American University Scott Hutson, University of Kentucky Peter T. Johnson, Princeton University Franklin Knight, Johns Hopkins University Susan Ramírez, Texas Christian University Ben Vinson, III, Case Western Reserve University

administrative officers of the library of congress Carla Hayden, The Librarian of Congress Mark Sweeney, Principal Deputy Librarian of Congress Robin L. Dale, Deputy Librarian, Library Collections and Services Group Eugene Flanagan, Director, General and International Collections Directorate Suzanne Schadl, Chief, Latin American, Caribbean, and European Division

representative, university of texas press Dawn Durante, Editor in Chief Kerry Webb, Senior Acquisitions Editor

handbook editorial staff Wendy Acosta, Editorial Assistant Patricia Penon, Library Technician

production support Jeffery Gerhard, Metadata Librarian, Integrated Library System Program Office

HANDBOOK OF LATIN AMERICAN STUDIES: NO. 76 HUMANITIES Prepared by a Number of Scholars for the Hispanic Reading Room of the Library of Congress KATHERINE D. McCANN, Humanities Editor TRACY NORTH, Social Sciences Editor

2022 UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS PRESS

Austin

International Standard Book Number: 978-1-4773-2279-6 International Standard Serial Number: 0072-9833 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 36-32633 Copyright ©2022 by the University of Texas Press. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Requests for permission to reproduce material from this work should Requests be sent to:for permission to reproduce material from this work should bePermissions, sent to: University of Texas Press, Permissions, University Texas Press, Box 7819, Austin, Texas of 78713-7819 Box 7819, Austin, Texas 78713-7819 First Edition, 2022 First Edition, 2022 The paper used in the publication meets the minimum requirements of American The paperStandard used in the the minimum requirements American National for publication Informationmeets Sciences—Permanence of Paper forofPrinted NationalMaterials, Standard ansi for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library z39.48-1984. Library Materials, ansi z39.48-1984.

CONTRIBUTING EDITORS

HUMANITIES Diana Alvarez-Amell, Seton Hall University, literature Félix Ángel, Independent Scholar, Washington DC, art José R. Ballesteros, St. Mary’s College of Maryland, literature Bradley Benton, North Dakota State University, history Célia Bianconi, Boston University, literature Amber Brian, The University of Iowa, literature John Britton, Francis Marion University, history Rogério Budasz, University of California, Riverside, music José Cardona-López, Texas A&M International University, literature Bridget María Chesterton, Buffalo State, The State University of New York, history Matt D. Childs, University of South Carolina, history Matthew Crawford, Kent State University, history Tiffany D. Creegan Miller, Colby College, literature G. Antonio Espinoza, Virginia Commonwealth University, history Erin S. Finzer, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, literature Raphael E. Folsom, The University of Oklahoma, history Elizabeth Gackstetter Nichols, Drury University, literature Myrna García-Calderón, Syracuse University, literature Luis A. González, Indiana University, Bloomington, history Isadora Grevan de Carvalho, Rutgers University, literature Mark Grover, Brigham Young University, history María-Constanza Guzmán, Glendon College, York University, translations Michael Huner, Grand Valley State University, history Frances Jaeger, Northern Illinois University , literature John Koegel, California State University, Fullerton, music Erick D. Langer, Georgetown University, history Alfred E. Lemmon, Historic New Orleans Collection, music Peter S. Linder, New Mexico Highlands University, history Daniel Livesay, Claremont McKenna College, history Ryan Long, University of Maryland, literature M. Angélica Guimarães Lopes, Professor Emerita, University of South Carolina, literature Laura R. Loustau, Chapman University, literature Mary Ann Mahony, Central Connecticut State University, history Elizabeth S. Manley, Xavier University of Louisiana, history Claire Emilie Martin, California State University, Long Beach, literature Elaine M. Miller, Christopher Newport University, literature

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Sarah M. Misemer, Texas A&M University, literature Mollie Lewis Nouwen, Pacific Northwest College of Art, history Susana Nuccetelli, St. Cloud State University, philosophy Michael O’Brien, College of Charleston, music Élide Valarini Oliver, University of California, Santa Barbara, translations Rita M. Palacios, Conestoga College, literature Suzanne B. Pasztor, Humboldt State University, history Anne Pérotin-Dumon, Historian, Alexandria, VA, history Charles A. Perrone, Professor Emeritus, University of Florida, literature Jeannine Pitas, Saint Vincent College, literature Juan José Ponce Vázquez, The University of Alabama, history Joshua Price, Toronto Metropolitan University, translations Susan Elizabeth Ramírez, Texas Christian University, history Jane M. Rausch, Professor Emerita, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, history Jonathan Ritter, University of California, Riverside, music Francisco Solares-Larrave, Northern Illinois University, literature Peter Szok, Texas Christian University, history Barbara Tenenbaum, Historian, Washington, DC, history Giovanna Urdangarain, Pacific Lutheran University, literature Peter B. Villella, United States Air Force Academy, history Stephen Webre, Louisiana Tech University, history Thomas Whigham, Professor Emeritus, University of Georgia, history Steven F. White, St. Lawrence University, translations Chrystian Zegarra, Colgate University, literature

SOCIAL SCIENCES Astrid Arrarás, Florida International University, government and politics Melissa H. Birch, University of Kansas, political economy Silvia Borzutzky, Carnegie Mellon University, political economy Federico Bossert, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina, anthropology Christian Brannstrom, Texas A&M University, geography Jacqueline Anne Braveboy-Wagner, The City University of New York (CUNY), international relations Charles D. Brockett, Sewanee: The University of the South, government and politics Kathleen Bruhn, University of California Santa Barbara, government and politics William L. Canak, Middle Tennessee State University, sociology Jorge Capetillo-Ponce, University of Massachusetts Boston, sociology Ernesto Castañeda-Tinoco, American University, sociology Miguel Centellas, University of Mississippi, government and politics Amílcar E. Challú, Bowling Green State University, political economy David M. Cochran, Jr., University of Southern Mississippi, geography Jennifer N. Collins, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, government and politics

Contributing Editors / vii

Roberto Domínguez, Suffolk University (Boston), international relations Duncan Earle, Marymount California University, anthropology James B. Gerber, San Diego State University, political economy Mario A. González-Corzo, Lehman College, The City University of New York (CUNY), political economy Clifford E. Griffin, North Carolina State University, government and politics Daniel Hellinger, Webster University, political economy John Henderson, Cornell University, anthropology Peter H. Herlihy, University of Kansas, geography Silvia María Hirsch, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Argentina, anthropology Jonathan Hiskey, Vanderbilt University, political economy Keith Jamtgaard, University of Missouri, sociology Arthur A. Joyce, University of Colorado Boulder, anthropology Joseph L. Klesner, Kenyon College, government and politics Gregory W. Knapp, The University of Texas at Austin, geography Matthew C. LaFevor, University of Alabama, GEOGRAPHY José A. Laguarta Ramírez, City University of New York, government and politics Thomas P. Leppard, Florida State University, anthropology Félix E. Martín, Florida International University, international relations Daniel Masís-Iverson, Inter-American Defense College, political economy Kent Mathewson, Louisiana State University, geography Shannan L. Mattiace, Allegheny College, government and politics Cecilia Menjívar, University of California, Los Angeles, sociology Mary K. Meyer McAleese, Eckerd College, international relations Erika Moreno, Creighton University, government and politics Suzanne Oakdale, University of New Mexico, anthropology Julio Ortiz-Luquis, Borough of Manhattan Community College and Brooklyn College, CUNY, international relations María Sol Prieto, Universidad de San Andrés, Argentina, sociology Enrique S. Pumar, Santa Clara University, sociology David J. Robinson, Syracuse University, geography René Salgado, Independent Consultant, government and politics Isabel Scarborough, Parkland College, anthropology Joseph Leonard Scarpaci, Center for the Study of Cuban Culture & Economy, geography Jörn Seemann, Ball State University, geography Peter M. Siavelis, Wake Forest University, government and politics Amy Erica Smith, Iowa State University, government and politics Russell E. Smith, Washburn University, political economy Scott Tollefson, National Defense University, international relations Jason L. Toohey, University of Wyoming, anthropology Brian Turner, Randolph-Macon College, government and politics Erica Lorraine Williams, Spelman College, sociology

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Foreign Corresponding Editors Franz Obermeier, Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, german publications Mao Xianglin, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, chinese publications

Special Contributing Editors Lucia A. Wolf, Library of Congress, italian language

CONTENTS

page

EDITOR’S NOTE

xiii

ART SPANISH AMERICA Colonial 19th-21st Centuries General p. 5 Mexico p. 7 Central America p. 12 The Caribbean p. 13 South America Argentina p. 14 Chile p. 16 Colombia p. 16 Peru p. 17 Uruguay p. 18 Venezuela p. 21

1 Félix Ángel

1

Bradley Benton and Peter B. Villella Susan Elizabeth Ramírez

23 23 40

HISTORY ETHNOHISTORY Mesoamerica South America

GENERAL HISTORY General p. 53 Colonial p. 61 Independence and 19th Century p. 64 MEXICO General General p. 72 Colonial Period Colonial p. 82

John Britton

51

20th Century p. 67 Suzanne B. Pasztor

71 71

Raphael E. Folsom

81

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Independence, Revolution, and Post-Revolution Suzanne B. Pasztor and Barbara Tenenbaum Independence To Revolution p. 92 Revolution and Post-Revolution p. 100 CENTRAL AMERICA Peter Szok and Stephen Webre General p. 113 Colonial p. 114 National p. 117 THE CARIBBEAN AND FRENCH GUIANA Matt D. Childs, Luis A. González, Daniel Livesay, Elizabeth S. Manley, Anne Pérotin-Dumon, and Juan José Ponce Vázquez General p. 138 Early Colonial p. 148 Late Colonial and French Revolutionary Period p. 154 19th Century p. 160 20th Century p. 170

89

112

120

SPANISH SOUTH AMERICA Colonial Period Matthew Crawford and Michael Huner Nueva Granada p. 192 Peru p. 192 Bolivia/Charcas p. 196 Rio de la Plata p. 197

188 188

19th and 20th Centuries Venezuela Peter S. Linder Colombia and Ecuador Jane M. Rausch Colombia p. 207 Ecuador p. 220 Peru G. Antonio Espinoza Bolivia Erick D. Langer Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay Bridget María Chesterton, Mollie Lewis Nouwen, and Thomas Whigham Argentina p. 240 Paraguay p. 261 Uruguay p. 263

199 199 206

BRAZIL Mark Grover and Mary Ann Mahony General p. 270 Colonial p. 270 Empire to Republic p. 284

266

222 230

236

LITERATURE SPANISH AMERICA Colonial Period Individual Studies p. 293 Texts, Editions, Anthologies p. 296 21st Century Prose Fiction Mexico Prose Fiction p. 300

Amber Brian

291 291

Ryan Long

298

Contents / xi

Central America

Tiffany D. Creegan Miller, Erin S. Finzer, Frances Jaeger, and Francisco Solares-Larrave Prose Fiction p. 318 Literary Criticism and History p. 331

Hispanic Caribbean

Diana Alvarez-Amell and Myrna García-Calderón

312

332

Prose Fiction p. 342 Literary Criticism and History p. 353 Colombia, Peru, and Venezuela Literary Criticism and History Colombia p. 357 Venezuela p. 357 Prose Fiction Colombia p. 357 Peru p. 361 Venezuela p. 362 River Plate Countries Prose Fiction Argentina p. 370 Uruguay p. 384 Literary Criticism Argentina p. 390

José Cardona-López

356

Claire Emilie Martin, Laura R. Loustau, and Giovanna Urdangarain

365

Paraguay p. 383

Uruguay p. 391

Poetry

José R. Ballesteros, Elizabeth Gackstetter Nichols, Rita M. Palacios, Jeannine Pitas, and Chrystian Zegarra Anthologies p. 401 Books of Verse p. 411 Special Studies p. 424

392

Drama Elaine M. Miller and Sarah M. Misemer Plays p. 428 Theater Criticism and History p. 437 BRAZIL Short Stories M. Angélica Guimarães Lopes Crônicas Célia Bianconi Poetry Charles A. Perrone Drama Isadora Grevan de Carvalho Original Plays p. 474 Theater Criticism and History p. 477 TRANSLATIONS INTO ENGLISH FROM THE SPANISH AND THE PORTUGUESE María-Constanza Guzmán, Élide Valarini Oliver, Joshua Price, and Steven F. White Anthologies p. 491 Translations from the Spanish Poetry p. 492 Brief Fiction p. 499

444 444 451 454 472

483

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Novels p. 503 Essays, Interviews, and Reportage p. 519 Translations from the Portuguese Novels p. 520

MUSIC GENERAL

523

MEXICO

John Koegel

524

Alfred E. Lemmon

538

Jonathan Ritter

546

CENTRAL AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN The Caribbean (except Cuba) p. 540 Central America p. 543 Cuba p. 544 ANDEAN COUNTRIES Bolivia p. 549 Colombia p. 551 Ecuador p. 552 Peru p. 554 Venezuela p. 558 SOUTHERN CONE Argentina p. 558

558 Chile p. 558

BRAZIL

Rogério Budasz

559

PHILOSOPHY: LATIN AMERICAN THOUGHT Susana Nuccetelli General p. 584 Mexico p. 591 Central America p. 592 The Caribbean p. 593 Venezuela p. 594 Colombia p. 594 Ecuador p. 595 Peru p. 595 Bolivia p. 596 Chile p. 597 Uruguay p. 597 Argentina p. 598

583

INDEX ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

603

TITLE LIST OF JOURNALS INDEXED

613

ABBREVIATION LIST OF JOURNALS INDEXED

619

SUBJECT INDEX

625

AUTHOR INDEX

657

EDITOR’S NOTE

I. GENERAL AND REGIONAL TRENDS On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a global pandemic. So began a narrative familiar to most of us, if the setting, characters, and intimate plotlines differ. The Library of Congress closed its doors and sent its staff home. So too did the cultural institutions, schools and universities, publishing enterprises, and many transportation systems that play a vital role in the Library’s operations. For those able to work remotely, video conferencing and daily log-on protocols became as familiar as masks, hand sanitizer, and cleaning wipes. Fortunately, many Library of Congress staff, including reference staff, were accustomed to working online, and some had been teleworking for years. So, with laptops open in home workspaces, staff resumed answering questions, searching for materials, and developing the records, metadata, and access points that enable worldwide users to find the Library’s collection materials. Working remotely all day, every day strengthened staff telework capabilities. The Library had made a timely prepandemic decision to begin transitioning older online bibliographies to new platforms, creating research guides and ArcGIS StoryMaps, and also had begun experimenting with crowdsourced projects. Staff across the Library quickly went to work building on these endeavors: digitizing resources, cataloging materials, answering online queries, and developing more guides to help scholars, students, and teachers find accessible resources while the Library buildings were closed to patrons and visitors. Hispanic Reading Room staff developed a guide to using the Handbook of Latin American Studies and individual Country Guides to the Library’s collections—from Argentina to Venezuela (all available at https://guides.loc.gov/hispanic). The Library’s By the People campaigns (https:// crowd.loc.gov) invited staff and volunteers worldwide to join online efforts to transcribe an array of letters and documents, providing searchable access to hundreds of pages of manuscript material. The Herencia campaign, for example, invites participants to “transcribe documents written in Spanish, Latin, and Catalan between 1300 and 1800, and open the legal history of Spain and Spanish colonies to greater discovery.” The Handbook continued its editorial work, albeit initially at a slightly slower pace as our staff dwindled from five to three and we developed new telework procedures, and as our publishing partner, the University of Texas Press, likewise transitioned to remote work. Unsurprisingly, the HLAS contributors proved to be unwavering despite flipping to remote teaching—sometimes within a week’s time—and coping with shuttered offices and libraries and students flung back to homes or hastily arranged living places across the country and across the world. This volume, HLAS 76, and the previous Social Sciences volume, HLAS 75, were

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largely produced under pandemic restrictions: materials mailed, reviews written, bibliographic records created, subject headings added, copyediting and proofreading performed, and page proofs and XML files compiled, along with the myriad other editorial tasks. As with HLAS 75, many of the contributors to this volume note the impact of the pandemic on conferences, book festivals, and archival access— the wellsprings of scholarly collaboration and production. How and whether this temporary “remote turn” will shape publications in the coming years remains to be seen. We’ve gradually learned more about how to live with COVID, and how to try and protect ourselves against recurring waves, but the costs have been crushing: an estimated 540 million cases worldwide and 6.3 million dead to date; 1 million of those in the US. The staggering numbers do not begin to tell either the individual or community tales of the immense physical, emotional, psychological, and financial toll wrought by the still-ongoing pandemic, of the loneliness, separation from family, anxiety, layoffs, fatigue, overwork, illness, family responsibilities, and deaths of loved ones. Even as masks come off and pandemic mandates and restrictions are lifted, there continue to be a sobering 120,000 COVID cases and 400 COVID deaths per day in the US alone. Nonetheless, with the reassurance of the availability of vaccines and boosters, and with declining case counts across most of the country in Spring 2022, government offices, businesses, schools, and cultural institutions saw an opportune moment to reopen fully. On 11 April 2022, just over two years into a protracted period of closure and then partial reopening, the Library welcomed back all staff, patrons, and visitors for regular operating hours. Within HLAS 76 one striking trend is the ubiquitous interest, across disciplines, in biography. This trend is not, thankfully, an atavistic embrace of the Great Man theory of old. It does, however, in other ways conform to standards of biographies from earlier periods. Alongside studies on Fidel Castro (item 761), revolutionary Che Guevara (item 766), and statesman and intellectual Bartolomé Mitre (item 1015), we get portrayals of lesser-known or unknown (even to their siblings) individuals, as in My German Brother (item 1948), the fictionalized rendering of Chico Buarque’s discovery of his half-brother, the secret child of his father, in real life the eminent historian Sergio Buarque de Holanda. Many of these biographies are a testimony to the reality that even overexamined lives can be electrified in the hands of the right biographer. The “gorgeous” and “marvelous” pictorial study on Juan Manuel de Rosas (item 1042) observes that “images . . . carry within them . . . the complexity and contradiction of the human experience.” Readers will “be drawn back to Rosas, whose blue-gray eyes stare at us from the past, challenge us, threaten us with murder, and refuse to let us go.” A study of the surrealist artist Remedios Varo (item 1947), who herself created fantastic and fantastical images, seeks to apprehend the Mexican painter through her translated writings. Her letters, dream accounts, projects, poems, and notes on her drawings reveal “mysticism and magic... the everyday and the marvelous, a love of mischief, and an ongoing meditation on the need for . . . escape.” Other studies give long-overdue recognition to groundbreaking figures, among them a “welcome biography” of Martiniquais politician Janvier Littée (item 561), “the first Black deputy to the French revolutionary assemblies, born of a slave mother,” which charts his ascent among the island’s elite. An “inspiring” article (item 2137) traces the journey of master drummer Eric Odarkwei Morton, a Tabom, a descendant of Afro-Brazilians who resettled in Ghana in the late 19th century, to the Northeastern Brazilian state of Bahia, “confirm[ing] the

Editor’s Note / xv

centrality of music in the African and Brazilian diasporic experiences.” In a study reflecting our times, we meet the late 19th–early 20th century feminist, activist, and socialist Gabriela de Laperrière de Coni (item 1039), whose life’s work centered on “women’s issues and public health and the larger context of women’s organizing.” For those seeking advice on this form, we have Andrew Paxman’s “Business Biography in Mexico: The State of the Genre, its Usefulness, and How to Research One” to be read in conjunction with his book-length “detailed biographical sketch of the oft-reviled American entrepreneur,” William Oscar Jenkins, who gained “a reputation for business acumen, graft, and even violence” (items 454 and 455). Noteworthy also are the historian Eric Van Young’s reflections on the genre in an essay entitled “Adventures with Don Luquitas: Exploring Our Obligations as Biographers” (item 404), delivered as a talk when he received the Distinguished Service Award of the Conference on Latin American History (CLAH). Biographical works find a connection to Library of Congress collections in two studies on Elisabeth Alexandrine Louise Ferrand, the mixed-race Haitian actor-singer known as Minette (b. 1767 in Port-au-Prince, d. 1807 in New Orleans, La.) (items 2047 and 2053). As Laurent Dubois explains, she was “the first woman of color to achieve fame on the French stage.” Toward the end of her life, in ill health and struggling financially, she organized a benefit performance of the opera Euphrosine et le tyran corrigé, ou Le pouvoir de l’amour: comédie en trois actes & en vers. The opera’s libretto, part of the Library’s collection, is available digitally (https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.music/musschatz.16432). Musical history is likewise explored in a study of the “tensions” and “politics” behind an exchange of traditional music recordings between Brazil and the US—just one of the Library’s many World War II efforts in cultural diplomacy initiated by then Librarian of Congress Archibald MacLeish with the goal of strengthening Allied ties to Latin America. Those responding to the author’s call for “further studies on these recordings and their ‘music, voices, authors, instruments, contexts, subjects, intentions, noises, and silences’” (item 2118) might find an excellent starting point in the online finding aid to the Library’s “Discoteca Pública Municipal de São Paulo collection, 1937– 1943” (https://lccn.loc.gov/2004695166). The Cold War tensions between the US and the Dominican Republic after the assassination of dictator Rafael Trujillo form the basis for “Translating Diplomacy” (item 725), which draws on the “detailed accounts” of diplomat and writer John Bartlow Martin, whose papers are held in the Library’s Manuscript Division (https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/eadmss.ms003018). Based on the translation and publication of a short story by Juan Bosch, “The Indelible Spot,” in the Saturday Evening Post and the relationship between Martin and the former Dominican president, the study reveals “the diametrically opposed world views that dominated political circles in each country.” This volume of HLAS shares with previous humanities volumes a preoccupation with the military juntas and dictatorships of the 1960s–80s era. However, in the space previously occupied by oral histories from survivors of torture and historical studies of key moments, we now find novelists, playwrights, and critics hard at work on the same period. Among the works exploring these themes are Teatro de las tres Américas: escena, política y ficción (item 1690), which “touches on issues of memory, politics, and postdictatorship history.” Two prize-winning plays dramatically recreate the repression and torture of Joaquín Balaguer’s political opponents in the Dominican Republic (item 1689). Teatro e política: Arena, Oficina e Opinião offers a look at “the three most important left-leaning [Brazilian] theater groups during the dictatorship and beyond” (item 1870). The use of Chilean

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poet Nicanor Parra’s 1952 collages in a short-lived 1975 Universidad de Chile publication reveals how political contexts impact the interpretation of art (item 45). In 77, novelist Guillermo Saccomanno “recreates the environment of fear, desire, denial, and furtiveness” of Argentine gay life during the title year (item 1938). Also in Argentina, the cynical political calculations leading to the Malvinas/Falklands War still haunt the nation. Six plays with accompanying scholarly apparatus “provide a much richer context for understanding the war and its depictions than a singularly located vision” (item 1707) and two novels (items 1461 and 1485) lay bare “el horror y la imbecilidad” of the war and its reverberating impact. A set of studies on libraries, teaching, reading, and the press seems especially relevant in light of the current raging debates on educational theories, book banning, school curriculums, and the role of the media in shaping opinions about these and other issues. A study of 19th-century New Granada posits that the need for school textbooks laid the groundwork for the “emergence of writers, books, and presses in provinces throughout the nation” (item 837), while a survey of more recent texts used in Colombia finds that the role of Indigenous and Afro-Colombians in the evolution of the country’s history has been “downplayed or overlooked” (item 857). In a “fascinating episode” of library history, from 1934–47, the Liberal government in Colombia donated reading materials to isolated communities, setting up school and public libraries that still function today (item 872). Another study (item 838) of the era based on meticulous archival research focuses on how two Liberal newspapers shaped political and cultural developments. And a work on late 18th-century Venezuela (item 833) finds that it is difficult for governing bodies to control the flow of ideas: despite the Spanish Crown’s refusal to grant Caracas a printing press, revolutionary ideas spread through imported books and pamphlets— and by word of mouth. Today ideas travel in bytes and datastreams and for many of us the greatest difficulty is separating the authoritative from the myths and baseless conjectures. Studies of the forced journeys of enslaved peoples and the stories of their descendants undoubtedly will be advanced by the rigorously produced digital presentations and databases freely available on the SlaveVoyages website (item 621). Based on decades of work by researchers in Europe, Africa, North and South America, the website for the collaborative project documents the forced relocations of millions of Africans through the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database, the Intra-American Slave Trade Database, and the People of the African Slave Trade Database. The site recently has been enhanced with maps, 3D renditions of slave vessels, a timelapse presentation of slave ship voyagers, and a timeline. Scholars will also want to consult the 22 essays on the slave trade in Atlântico de dor (item 1169), part of the Coleção UNIAFRO produced under the auspices of the Núcleo de Estudos Afro-Brasileiros do Recôncavo da Bahia within the Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia. Among the essays is a new estimation of the numbers of peoples transported to Brazil that itself tells a stark and tragic story—Africans embarked: 5,848,266; Africans arrived: 5,099,816. The Editor’s Note in HLAS 74 discussed the publication of studies that deepen our understanding of the complexities of slavery and post-slavery life. Similarly, within the present volume, Fractional Freedoms (item 804), based on a detailed study of court cases in colonial Lima, found a “system in which most enslaved peoples experienced varying degrees of quasi emancipation or contingent liberty on a wide spectrum from bondage to autonomy.” A work on colonial Brazil (item 1133) finds that the many freed Blacks in the country represented a separate

Editor’s Note / xvii

social class between enslaved peoples and Europeans. Another study confirms the suspicion that “racial identification affected the quality of care” among abandoned children in the rudimentary foster care of colonial Brazil (item 1107). A set of essays (item 1141) also on Brazil demolishes the notion that all the enslaved were illiterate with “numerous examples of education and writing in the slave population.” Livesay (item 560) looks at the family ties and the opportunities seized by or denied to the colonial mixed-race Jamaicans who migrated to Great Britain to escape colonial persecution. And a “unique” study (item 860) on Pacific Coast Colombia introduces the concept of “the racialization of the landscape,” combining forest history and postemancipation studies to describe how enslaved and later freed peoples gained autonomy by controlling the extraction of natural resources from the rainforest. The efforts of women in the performing arts to gain autonomy and recognition are acknowledged in a number of studies. In her “pioneering” essay “Blowing the Tradition” (item 1977), Castillo Silva explores the role of women in the frequently gender-exclusionary world of Mexican wind bands, specifically the military Banda Sinfónica de Marina-Armada. With their options narrowed by tradition, women in Mexico and elsewhere formed their own ensembles or persisted, until, as with the Banda Sinfónica, they have become respected members of the ensemble. As bambas do samba (item 2117) reveals “the agency of women in the development of samba” as Brazilian sambistas and sambadoras “push[ed] hard against strongly patriarchal cultural structures.” A monograph on “la gran dama de la guitarra,” María Luisa Anido (item 2059), celebrates the Argentine musician for her groundbreaking appointment as the first female professor of classical guitar in a Costa Rican institution. In the theater world, an anthology celebrates works by actress and dramatist Nélida Ballo, “one of the most recognized female playwrights from the ‘provincias’ in Argentina” (item 1660), while another, Las mujeres sí hablan así: antología LGBTTQI en honor a Nemir Matos (item 1682), as the title says, is an homage to the trailblazing Puerto Rican writer whose 1981 book of poetry was the first publication from the island to openly address lesbianism. A one-act play in the anthology draws inspiration from Matos’ poetry and life. Alzate Cuervo’s El teatro feminino (item 1694) focuses on Colombian theater, but “situates her discussion... within the larger context of Latin American political, historical, and artistic movements, as well as feminist and LGBTQ+ studies” to reveal “how live performance by women problematizes the historical erasure of and limitations imposed upon the female body....”. As we emerge from the limitations and restrictions imposed by COVID-19, holding our collective breath in case a larger wave hides just over the horizon, it’s easy to empathize with those of different times caught in similar circumstances. A truly novel study of early colonial “smellscapes” in Lima (item 801) shows how beliefs about the effect of bad odors on health led colonial authorities to lump “hospitals, butcher shops, slaughter houses, tanneries, municipal dumps—in the multiethnic neighborhood of San Lázaro” in a form of environmental colonialization that separated neighborhoods into “healthy and unhealthy spaces.” At the turn of the 19th century, Lima’s Chinatown was disparaged for being unsanitary and stereotyped “as a threat to public health and modernization, contributing to anti-Chinese sentiment,” even while some non-Chinese sought affordable herbal treatments there (item 918). During a 19th-century cholera epidemic in Tucumán, Argentina, health officials believed “miasmic vapors” from acres of fruit trees were the cause and ordered the trees destroyed. “This rather odd idea was endorsed by

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government decrees, notices in newspapers, and a public opinion more influenced by fear and panic than by reasoned thinking” (item 979). And when bubonic plague broke out in 1912 Puerto Rico, “the poorest suffered the most... as class, race, and colonial policy intersected, shaping the actions of health and civil authorities” (item 796). Plus ça change.... But with all that has happened over the past two years, a “fascinating edited collection of 19 essays” (item 1227) on 16th-, 17th-, and 18th-century transgressive language may be uniquely beneficial reading for us all. For what book could provide us with a more useful and cathartic response than one devoted to “invective, swearing, blasphemy, and slander”? Regardless of our responses to the pandemic, few of us have emerged unscathed from the past two years. Against the backdrop of national discord—most starkly revealed by the deadly assault on the US Capitol on 6 January 2021—there have been professional challenges and personal losses directly due to or exacerbated by COVID-19. The HLAS corps was not spared. We lost HLAS Contributors Don Coerver (see p. xxi), Carol Maier (see p. 486), Jose Nelstein (see p. xxii), and former Hispanic Division chief Cole Blasier (see https://blogs.loc.gov/international -collections/2021/08/remembering-cole-blasier-former-chief-of-the-hispanic -division/). One loss was especially personal. My father, Frank D. McCann (15 Dec. 1939–2 April 2021), was one of the original Brasilianistas. He, like many of his small cohort, fell under the country’s spell in the Alliance for Progress era, with the inauguration of the new capitol city Brasilía and during the heyday of música popular brasileira (MPB). In 1965, granted a Fulbright to complete his dissertation on US-Brazil relations, he set off to Rio—the cidade maravilhoso—with his wife, a toddler, and an infant in tow. He dove into archival research, studied Portuguese with my mother, and took courses at the Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-RJ). It would be the first of dozens of research and teaching visits—long and short—to the country as he, a former ROTC student, and later— during the Vietnam War—a professor at West Point, turned his focus to the Brazilian military. His work in this field would be recognized by the Comendador in the Order of Rio Branco (1987) and in 1995, the Medalha do Pacificador (Peacemaker Medal). Though a prodigious reader and tireless researcher, his most natural gift was teaching. His greatest joy was instilling in a student some of the passion he felt for history in general and for his own areas of interest: the history of Brazil, the history of Indigenous peoples, military and social history, and geography. His native milieu was the camaraderie of teachers and students. He was a teacher of the old school: his instruction was as much about his field as about life. Having grown up in Lackawanna, a steel mill town in New York state, he saw family and friends lose jobs, and sometimes their homes, with the vagaries of corporate decisions and economic cycles, and strove to imbue in his students his belief that “education is the one thing that can’t be taken away from you.” If our lives, generation by generation, are on a continuum, then, in my case, it is one mediated largely by libraries and print. In the days before my birth my father was 500 miles away from my mother, leafing through documents in Alexandria’s Torpedo Factory—then a storage facility for the National Archives—and reading in the stacks, as scholars then could, in the Library’s Jefferson Building, steps away, I imagine, from where I now work. The small southern NH town where I grew up had no public library during my childhood, instead, townspeople had access to the local state university library. My father taught me to use the card catalog and to navigate the LC classification numbers. For a school report on the family and social

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lives of enslaved peoples, he introduced me to the Works Progress Administration (WPA) Slave Narrative Collection, a Depression-era oral history project. It was the first time I was made aware of the value of government documents and of preserving individual memories and stories for future generations. He also showed me the work of historian Lawrence Stone, whose then recently published history of family life helped propel the burgeoning field of social history and the application of social science research methods within the humanities, and demonstrated that the intimacies of quotidian life are a compelling component of the historical record. The early project also stands out to me because my father paid one of his students to type it. Noting my shy approval when he handed me the pages neatly enclosed in a plastic folder, he nodded understandingly, “the words look different in type, don’t they?” I called him one day several years ago for suggestions to fill the role of HLAS Contributor for Brazilian history. Rather to my surprise, he suggested he’d like to do it himself. He reviewed works on the Brazilian Empire (HLAS 64–70) and the National Period (HLAS 70–74). Always at work on several projects at once, he had intended to contribute to this volume. There is another continuum of which my father’s turma was a part: the evolving field of Latin American studies, which, within the career-span of a single generation of scholars, has seen dramatic changes. His generation’s work on the cultures, societies, and politics of the region contributed to a seismic shift in the field of Latin American studies in the US and, perhaps more importantly, within Latin America. The Latin American Studies Association (LASA), founded in the Library’s Hispanic Division by Howard Cline, Cole Blasier, Richard Morse, Kalman Silvert, and other scholars in the late 1960s, is now an organization of 13,000 members, many based in Latin America. As noted by contributors to this and previous volumes, the number of works based on dissertations from centers of study and PhD programs in Latin America that did not exist a generation ago are too abundant to list. This is as it should be. It is the fruition of the hope of my father’s generation. II. WORKS BY CURRENT HLAS CONTRIBUTORS REVIEWED IN HLAS 76 Ethnohistorians Benton and Villella with literary specialist Brian (and their colleague Pablo García Loaeza) translated Don Fernando de Alva Ixtlilxochitl’s 17th-century chronicle of ancient Mexico in a “must read” and “important addition” to the literature (item 309), while Ramírez shows that Andean Natives largely held to their “‘ancestralities’ or lineage identities” (item 159). Langer, meanwhile, challenges the conventional narrative of Andean Indigenous peoples as perpetually poor and impervious to economic modernity. He shows that members of Indigenous communities had integral roles in 19th-century trading and mining (item 914). Livesay likewise adds nuance to established notions with his study of mixed-race Jamaicans emigrating to Great Britain, demonstrating that family belonging was critical to conceptions of race, even when set against the incredibly abusive locale of Jamaican slavery (item 560). Ethnomusicologist Budasz (item 2123) “analyzes the ways that theater and music was used for ideological purposes, often concealing the horrors of a slave culture, but also as a tool for revolutionary ideas.” Huner captures the exuberant modernity among young Paraguayan men before and during the Triple Alliance War that many would not survive. Whigham’s two-volume work, offered in print and as open-access pdfs by the University of Calgary Press, is the “magnum opus” on the same Paraguayan War (items 1057 and 1058) (see also https://press.ucalgary.ca/books/9781552389966/

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and https://press.ucalgary.ca/books/9781552388099/). Pérotin-Dumon offers two expanded studies of the historiography of the French Caribbean (items 573 and 574). With his study of another part of the Caribbean, Ponce-Vázquez “brings alive many fascinating examples of lives on the periphery of empire and commerce” (item 612). Manley examines the Dominican feminist movement that arose in the late 1970s as a “case for local and global activism” (item 754). Rausch explores the contributions of Colombian intellectual Enrique Pérez Lleras through his contributions to the journal Hispania in the early 20th century (item 883). And in a study that “combines philosophy with biographical sketches” Nuccetelli provides a “testimonial to the importance of ideas in history” (item 2228). III. CLOSING DATE

With some exceptions, the closing date for works annotated in this volume was 2019. Publications received and cataloged at the Library of Congress after that date will be annotated in the next humanities volume, HLAS 78. IV. ONLINE ACCESS TO HLAS AND RELATED RESOURCES

HLAS records are searchable through two open access web sites hosted at the Library of Congress. HLAS Web is a mobile-friendly, ADA-compliant web site (https://hlasopac.loc.gov). The site offers robust search features; permalinks to individual records; links to many open access journal articles, and easy options for printing, saving, and exporting lists of records. The site is also compatible with Zotero. HLAS records that did not appear in a print volume may not be annotated, and newer records are in a preliminary editorial stage. Currently Volumes 36–76, along with preliminary records for the forthcoming Volumes 77–78, are available. In other words, reviews of publications from the 1960s to the present are searchable via HLAS Web. An ongoing conversion project will eventually make the remaining volumes (1–35) available through HLAS Web. (See HLAS 70, Editor’s Note, p. xxiii for more information about the conversion project.) In the meantime, reviews of publications from the mid-1930s onward are accessible via HLAS Online. HLAS Online (https://lcweb2.loc.gov/hlas/), a searchable web-based database, offers electronic access to all volumes of the Handbook. The website also includes tables of contents and linked introductory essays for Volumes 50–65 (https:// lcweb2.loc.gov/hlas/contents.html). The introductory essays for Volumes 1–49 are searchable within the database by using the phrase “general statement.” HLAS Online offers a trilingual interface (English, Spanish, and Portuguese) and the data is updated weekly. HLAS Online is also an OpenURL source, allowing seamless linking from HLAS entries to related electronic resources. An online Library of Congress Research Guide provides a brief history of HLAS and offers search tips and examples. The “Handbook of Latin American Studies (HLAS): A Resource Guide,” can be found at https://guides.loc.gov/ handbook-of-latin-american-studies/. Those interested in a visual history of HLAS and an overview of the work of its Contributing Editors may turn to the “Handbook of Latin American Studies Story Map,” which is accessible from the Library of Congress Story Maps page: https://www.loc.gov/rr/geogmap/storymaps.html/. V. CHANGES FROM THE PREVIOUS HUMANITIES VOLUME History Juan José Ponce Vázquez examined works on the early history of the Dominican Republic. Anne Pérotin-Dumon returned to HLAS to survey the literature

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on the French Caribbean and French Guiana. Michael Huner provided reviews of works on colonial Rio de la Plata. Literature Célia Bianconi covered Brazilian crônica, while Sarah M. Misemer described works on South American theater and original plays. Joshua M. Price joined María Constanza Guzmán to review literary works translated from Spanish. Katherine D. McCann, Humanities Editor

OBITUARIES Don M. Coerver (1943–2020) With this volume of the Handbook we remember Don M. Coerver, a longtime contributor to this project, who passed away on June 25, 2020, in Fort Worth, Texas. Don was a co-contributor to the section on Mexican history from 1976 to 2015. His commitment to the Handbook was impressive, representing 40 years of work, 17 volumes, and countless annotations. Don’s deep and consistent engagement with the Handbook made him one of the most knowledgeable specialists in the field of Mexican history. Born in Dallas in 1943, Don distinguished himself academically from an early age, graduating as valedictorian from Jesuit Preparatory School of Dallas. He earned BA and MA degrees in history from Southern Methodist University, and was a member of Phi Beta Kappa and Phi Alpha Theta. He served in the US Air Force before attending Tulane University, where he earned his PhD in Latin American history in 1973, under the tutelage of Richard Greenleaf. His dissertation took him to Mexico City, and resulted in the first significant study of Mexican president Manuel González Flores (later published as Porfirian Interregnum: The Presidency of Manuel González of Mexico, 1880–1884 (see HLAS 42:2180)). Immediately after receiving his PhD, Don became a faculty member at Texas Christian University in Fort Worth, beginning a long career teaching Latin American, US, and business history to both undergraduate and graduate students. Don pursued an ambitious research agenda throughout his career, with a focus on Mexican history, and a particular interest in the Mexico-US border region and inter-American relations. With co-author Linda B. Hall, Don published Texas and the Mexican Revolution: A Study in State and National Border Policy, 1910–1920 (see HLAS 48:2130) and Revolution on the Border: The US and Mexico, 1910–1920 (see HLAS 52:1283). Both volumes made significant contributions to our knowledge of the Mexican Revolution, Borderlands history, and US-Mexican relations. Also with Hall, Don produced a popular text on US-Latin American relations, Tangled Destinies: Latin America and the United States (see HLAS 59:4158). This work continues to appear in revised and updated editions, indicative of its importance as an accessible, authoritative study of inter-American relations. Don also initiated a project with ABC-CLIO Press that resulted in the publication of Mexico: An Encyclopedia of Contemporary Culture and History, co-authored with Suzanne B. Pasztor and Robert M. Buffington. Don Coerver began his affiliation with the Handbook of Latin American Studies in 1976, joining with his Tulane mentor Richard Greenleaf, as a co-author of the section “Mexico: Revolution and Post-Revolution.” Coerver and Green-

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leaf completed six volumes of the Handbook together. In 1990, Linda B. Hall of the University of New Mexico took over as Don’s co-author, continuing a longstanding collaboration between these two historians. In 1994, Don recruited Suzanne B. Pasztor of University of the Pacific and Humboldt State University (his former MA student from Texas Christian University) to continue work on the Handbook. Their collaboration lasted until 2015 and spanned eight volumes. As he continued his teaching career at Texas Christian University, Don also became involved in administration, serving for many years as chair of the History Department and director of the Master of Liberal Arts Program. From 2002 to his retirement in 2017, Don served as associate dean of the AddRan College of Liberal Arts. His contributions to TCU were many, and the university recognized his dedication in 2017 with the inauguration of the Don Coerver Lecture in the Liberal Arts. Those who were fortunate enough to have Don as a teacher will remember his wealth of knowledge, quick wit, and above all, his kindness. His co-authors, as well as Handbook editors and staff, will remember the graciousness and quiet competence that made him such a delight to work with. The former chief of the Hispanic Division Georgette Dorn recalled that Don was a cherished member of the HLAS family whose visits to the Hispanic Reading Room were a delight. She remembers him as a dear friend who will remain in our memories. To his wife Marie and his daughter Katherine, we extend sincere condolences. Don will be sorely missed by many. [Suzanne B. Pasztor] José Neistein (1934–2020) José Neistein’s passing leaves those of us who knew him with tremendous saudades, even as we are consoled by his immeasurable legacy as a critic, curator, cultural attaché, teacher, lecturer, and art collector. His life’s work was deeply connected to the development of and international advocacy for Brazilian art during the second half of the 20th century. Born in 1934, the son of Jewish immigrants, he spent his childhood and youth in the neighborhood of Bom Retiro (in the city of São Paulo). The neighborhood remained a locus of his roots all of his life and, in his final years, he returned to live there, in an apartment immersed in his books and a diverse collection of artwork. As a young man, José attended the first São Paulo Art Biennial (1951), broadening his horizons in the arts. While a student of philosophy at the Universidade de São Paulo, encouraged by Décio de Almeida Prado and Maria José de Carvalho, he showed exceptional promise as a critic of São Paulo theater; he studied German poetry and philosophy with Anatol Rosenfeld; and he became fascinated by the richness of Yiddish literature under the tutelage of Jacó Guinsburg. After graduating in 1956, he was awarded a scholarship from the Austrian government to complete a PhD in esthetics at the University of Vienna. While living in Europe, he grew to understand both the cultural roots of Western society and the postwar European vanguard, allowing him to pursue art criticism with increased dedication. His distance from Brazil gave him an opportunity to reconsider the country’s artistic production and ethnography from a more global perspective. While completing his doctoral studies in Vienna, he began a career with the Brazilian Ministério das Relações Exteriores, promoting Brazilian culture to an international audience and organizing conferences throughout Europe and the Americas.

Editor’s Note / xxiii

In 1967, he became cultural attaché in Asunción, Paraguay, and in 1970, he was transferred to the US where he set up permanent residence. From 1970 to 2007, he was the director of the Brazilian American Cultural Institute (BACI) in Washington, DC, presenting several stimulating events every year, including art shows, Portuguese classes, concerts, and seminars related to Brazilian culture and literature. During the July holidays, when he returned to Brazil, José reconnected with the country’s local cultural scene, visiting art shows and studios in order to put together the BACI’s annual programming. Among the numerous artists Neistein hosted at BACI were Yolanda Mohalyi, Tomie Ohtake, Manabu Mabe, Axl Leskoschek, Martins de Porangaba, Mira Schendel, Nelson and Giselda Leirner, Ismael Nery, Emanoel Araujo, Marcelo Grassmann, Evandro Carlos Jardim, Maria Bonomi, Lívio Abramo, and Renina Katz. The curatorial texts for these events were compiled in Feitura das Artes (1981) published by Editora Perspectiva. Along with his work at BACI, José Neistein contributed to the Handbook from 1970 to 2020—an incredible 50 years—writing bibliographic annotations that describe scholarship in the fields of art and architecture in Brazil. Drawing on this exceptional work, Kosmos published a compilation of 1,700 of his annotations describing Brazil’s artistic output from 1970 to 1997 entitled A arte no Brasil dos primórdios ao século vinte, with a preface by art critic and curator Aracy Amaral. In the following 20 years, José composed an additional 500 HLAS commentaries, leaving a record of Brazilian art historiography that continues to be relevant for students and scholars. A second compilation of his HLAS annotations will be published posthumously in Portuguese translation in Brazil. All who knew him were struck by José’s unique ability to draw from a personal trove of artistic, musical, theatrical, and literary references and to relate them to his own experiences. When speaking and writing, he demonstrated both an attention to detail and an appreciation of the world around him, which amounted to a personal esthetic that also expressed itself in daily conversations. An inspiration to many, de abençoada memória, José Neistein passed away on Saturday, 4 July 2020, leaving his family and friends with a sense of loss as large as the legacy he leaves to Brazilian arts and culture. [Gabriel Neistein Lowczyk. Translated from Portuguese by Henry Widener and Katherine D. McCann]



ART SPANISH AMERICA Colonial 1

Muerte barroca: retratos de monjas coronadas. Curaduría de Alma Montero Alarcón. Con textos de Alma Montero Alarcón et al. Bogotá: Banco de la República, 2016. 154 p.: bibl., color ills., portraits. This color-illustrated catalog accompanied an exhibition of 46 portraits of dead nuns, the majority painted by anonymous artists in Nueva Granada (Colombia) during the 18th and early 19th centuries. Some of the artists may have been the nuns themselves. The paintings belong to the collection of Banco de la República de Colombia, the largest of its kind in Hispanic America and Spain. Montero Alarcón, the Mexican curator and expert on the subject, presents the collection within the context of similar collections held elsewhere. Additional essays analyze iconographic aspects (Borja Gómez), death from the perspective of Christianity as understood in colonial

times (Montero Vallejo), art restoration (Álvarez White), and the relationship between photographic portraits of dead children and portraits of the dead nuns (Castañeda Galeano), a custom popularized in Spain as well as in Mexico, Peru, and Colombia (seats of Spain’s colonial viceroyalties). The collection is unique since portraiture in Hispanic America, for the most part, was reserved for the political aristocracy and members of the religious hierarchy, following conventional codes of representation. As Ángela Pérez Mejía, vice secretary of culture at Colombia’s Central Bank, rightly assures the reader, the dead nun portraits are an incomparable historic and artistic testimony because they are the fi rst attempts (in the Hispanic American world) to endow the subjects portrayed with individual character. [F. Ángel]

19th–21st Centuries FÉLIX ÁNGEL , Former Curator, Cultural Center, Inter-American Development Bank

FINDING SENSIBLE SOLUTIONS to confl ict has become progressively more difficult as those in power—legitimately or illegitimately—take increasingly extreme, ideological, or idiosyncratic positions. Meanwhile, societies grow impatient. Radicalism is on the rise and spreading at a disquieting speed. Some communities have been waiting for reform and now demand immediate changes, which, in the short term, may be difficult and unrealistic to put in place. The news is not particularly encouraging. Some studies indicate that nearly 50 countries around the world are experiencing civil unrest and another 25 may join that trend in 2020, including a few Latin American countries that had been

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relatively stable. Human rights abuses in Latin America are on the rise. Those are not welcome developments in a region with historically uneven approaches to fighting inequality, respecting freedom of expression, and protecting against discrimination. In Latin America, and around the world, many seem to be dissatisfied with the broken or unfulfilled promises of democracy. Inequality appears to outpace any good-intentioned reforms to improve the lives of the many. At best, the political status quo is upheld; at worst, repression is exercised through ingeniously cruel and sophisticated means, aggravating the situation and solving nothing. Through their work, artists around the world and across generations have found ways to break the silence that enables the abuse, injustice, and corruption of authoritarian governments. Their voices have been important, especially as leaders demonstrate little regard for ethics. One should not assume, however, that all artists want to use their art as a megaphone for social justice. When a wave of protest washed over her country, a Colombian pop singer declared via social media that “Art is not resistance. Art is art, period.” (“El arte no es resistencia. El arte es arte y punto.” https://twitter.com/Marbelle30, 23 December 2019). Art was not, of course, the central issue of the protests, but it was used as means of voicing demands. The demonstrations in Bogotá, Medellín, and Calí, like the protests in Chile, Argentina, Bolivia, Nicaragua, and Venezuela, have continued well into 2020, and are indicative of the level of social discontent and unrest throughout the region. During the 20th century, a significant number of Latin American artists, art theoreticians, and scholars decried the deterioration of social welfare and social values, while attempting to support those who have tried to alleviate inequality. HLAS 76 delivers an array of illustrative cases. Artists may not provide specific answers for solving challenges, but rather aim, through intellectual and creative ouput, to clarify the discussions and issues surrounding societal problems, offering new perspectives and possible points of departure towards resolution. Examples of artistic responses to military and political confl ict can be found across Latin America. In Imprints of Revolution: Visual Representations of Resistance (item 6), editors Calvente and García gather a collection of case studies mostly about revolutions in Mexico, Cuba, Peru, Venezuela, and Argentina (also China, Vietnam, and Ethiopia). The editors point out that the repertoire of the visual offers an alternative archive for studying the processes of revolutionary moments and potentially avoiding the mistakes of the past. The Art of Solidarity: Visual and Performative Politics in Cold War Latin America, edited by Stites Mor and Pozas (item 3), examines and explores “the practices of solidarity-based cultural production.” The Cold War and its impact on Latin America take center stage through examples from across the Americas, including Mexico, Honduras, and Brazil. The book explains how transnational solidarity movements connected people and used artistic expression to fuel ideological commitment to struggles at home and abroad. México 68/18: 100 carteles (item 18) edited by Tovalín Ahumada examines a devastating incident of internal political violence in Mexico. The work documents a project developed at the Instituto de Artes de la Universidad Veracruzana in commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the Noche de Tlatelolco, 2 October 1968, when Mexican soldiers opened fi re on protestors in a plaza in Mexico City, killing an estimated 300 people, mostly students. This exhibit, employing graphic art as a form of visual activism to commemorate the tragic evening, falls within a long tradition of popular printing and printmaking in Mexico.

Art: Spanish America: 19th-21st Centuries: General / 3

Other works acknowledge the fundamental divide between pre- and post1968 Mexico and reflect on feminist art in a new era. Aceves Sepúlveda (item 10) “explores how the visual and embodied manifestations of feminist activists. . . challenged established structures of power and knowledge.” In another work that moves back and forthe between 1971 and 2011, Aceves Sepúlveda analyzes the fundamental role played by artists and feminist activists in transforming the mediascape and shaping the debate over the body, gender differences, and sexual violence. In Fragmentos de lo queer: arte en América Latina e Iberoamérica (item 5), editor Martinelli likewise argues that for years “queer theory” has enriched art production systems and renovated the traditional organization of art criticism and art history. However, having been accepted by the academy, the disruptive nature of queerness has been lost. Martinelli believes a new strategy and discourse must be formulated because queer must remain subversive. Various works examine the reaction of artists to political and social instability and change. Rocca (item 43) examines the “visual thought” of a group of younger artists in Córdoba, Argentina during the “infamous decade” (1933–43). Rocca argues that the artists’ interactions promoted a democratic, antifascist culture, creating a space for debate and inspiration within a hostile environment. Cucurella (item 45) discusses the impact and meaning of the 1975 publication Manuscritos at the Universidad de Chile, which included a selection of Quebrantahuesos, a 1952 collage publication created by writer Nicanor Parra and a group of friends. The work highlights the Chilean regime’s use of the press as an ideological tool to validate repression. Performance art en Chile (item 47), by González Castro, López, and Smith, examines the development of performance art in Chile during the last three decades of the 20th century. Arte y disidencia políitica (item 49) brings together a series of thematic interviews with members of Colombia’s Taller 4 Rojo, a collective created in 1972 and dissolved in 1974. The collective aimed to connect artistic production to the country’s development. In her work, Acosta López (item 48) considers artists concerned with forgetfulness, loss, and mourning, laying the foundation for her argument that memory constitutes an archive in which the past is stored for study in the present. In her article, Panella (item 60) examines Uruguayan arts of the 1990s and how they were affected by the country’s political and social transformations during the democratic transition. In El techo de la ballena: Retro-Modernity in Venezuela (item 65), Gaztambide reconstructs a collective formed in 1961 (ironically, two years after the restoration of democracy) by a group of artists and intellectuals with the subversive mission of disrupting, transgressing, and unmasking the false pretention of modernism which had been the ideal of the Pérez Jiménez dictatorship. At the end of the 1970s, Peru experienced a massive migration from the countryside to the capital city of Lima, spurred in part by reforms implemented by the military government. Mitrovic Pease (item 52) discusses the visible transformation of the arts in Peru as the internal demographic shift brought together different cultures, traditions, perspectives, and ways of life. A number of books reviewed for HLAS 76 demonstrate fervor, commitment, and intellectual rigor as they advance appreciation for art history and related disciplines such as curatorial and critical studies. A study on modernism by Montgomery (item 8) notes the fluid mobility that characterized many of the seminal Latin American artists (Emilio Pettoruti, Xul Solar, and Carlos Mérida, among them) as they looked for ways to innovate the visual arts in the 1920s. The artists shared an anticolonialist attitude and an emotional, antihistorical esthetic. Estudios de arte

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latinoamericano y caribeño (item 4), coordinated by Rodríguez Bolufé, attempts to redefi ne Latin American and Caribbean art since their respective histories are based on premises that warrant a second look. Amor (item 2) reflects on the “uneven spaces and rhythms of modernity in the region.” She looks in particular at Neo-Concrete artists and writers—Hélio Oiticica, Lygia Clark, the Argentine Asociación Arte Concreto Invención, and the Brazilian poet Ferreira Gullar—who were influenced by Russian and European movements of geometric abstraction (Suprematism, De Stijl, Neoplasticism, Russian Constructivism, Bauhaus, Parisian and Swiss Concrete art, etc.). Díaz Güémez (item 12) focuses on the Mexican state of Yucatán and its capital city, Mérida, where artists of various disciplines, including architects, participated in the cultural activism of the fi rst half of the 20th century. Monumental art became a way of representing the ideals of postrevolutionary Mexican socialism and expressing those ideals to the people of Yucatán. Also noteworthy is Juan Acha: despertar revolucionario = Revolutionary Awakening (item 51), a work accompanying the exhibition curated by Joaquín Barriendos on the writings and intellectual projects of Peruvian-born critic and theoretician Juan Acha. He attempted to establish the differences between European and American conceptual art. In her work, Paquette (item 24) weighs in with new data and observations related to the highly publicized controversies surrounding Diego Rivera and his 1931 MoMA exhibition, the destruction of the Rockefeller Center mural Man at the Crossroads, and the (re)creation of a similar mural at the Palacio de Bellas Artes (Mexico City). Among the works reviewed here are a few monumental studies based on meticulous research or drawing together large bodies of work. The remarkable threevolume Arte salvadoreño: cronología de las artes visuales de El Salvador, 1821– 2015 (item 33), by Palomo, provides a chronological panorama of the visual arts in El Salvador across almost two centuries. Palomo’s study is the most detailed one published to date on the art and artists of the country. Based on a variety of sources, including fi rst-hand documents from descendants that correct hitherto accepted facts, the work provides information on hundreds of artists. Relational Undercurrents: Contemporary Art of the Caribbean Archipelago (item 36), edited by Flores and Stephens, is a fully illustrated catalog of the exhibition presented at the Museum of Latin American Art (MOLAA) in Long Beach, California, featuring the work of 80 artists, one of the largest ever shows dedicated to the region and its sociocultural and geographical issues. Bisagras y simulacros: ensayos escogidos 1997–2015 (item 56) by Óscar Larroca is an anthology of 30 of the Uruguayan artist’s articles about art, design, and visual perception, selected from his substantial body of work. Larroca himself lamented the decline of art criticism, blaming, in one article, the confusion about the role of the curator and that of the critic, the reduced space that today’s mass media provides for serious art criticism, and the— at times deceptive—intellectual and political opportunism of conceptual art. Shifting to another specialty and serving as closing for this essay is a study of modern architecture, its connection to creative, social, and economic development, and its power to interpret the present, and sometimes, provide an alternative vision of the future for an entire community. In her study, O’Rourke (item 22) analyzes Juan O’Gorman’s emblematic UNAM central library in Mexico City. The design and construction of the new university campus created one of the most complex systems of 20th-century visual culture. Two works on Uruguayan architecture also merit mention: One is a study of the award-winning architect Julio Agustin Vilamajó Echaniz (1894–1948), who many believe was the most important

Art: Spanish America: 19th-21st Centuries: General / 5

modern architect of 20th-century Uruguay (item 64), and the other is a study of three Catholic churches built in Uruguay after 1950 which reflect the individual interpretations of the Catholic faith of their architects within a traditionally secular country (item 58). In Latin America, where the have-nots overwhelmingly outnumber the have’s, it is not easy to demonstrate the value, much less the necessity, of studying art and art history. As a good friend asked me, “how many times do people feel the same urgent need for an art historian that they feel when in need of a plumber?” On the face of it, the question does not merit arguing. However, history, including art history, helps us decipher the past and helps us understand how we arrived at this particular moment of civilization. If a significant number of people, including those who claim to understand the evolution of civilization, are missing an esthetic component—let’s call it art—in their lives, then perhaps, in the rush and clatter of daily events, they are missing an opportunity to see and feel and absorb and revel in and rage at and fi nd comfort in the human experience. And that seems a need as urgent as a plumber. Researchers and scholars throughout the region face constant difficulty in carrying out their studies. Nonetheless, the arts continue to be a lively field, adding to the rich and varied experience of life—an experience that deserves to be interpreted from a variety of creative viewpoints. Thanks to these dedicated individuals, the difficult world I mentioned at the beginning of this essay is less disappointing, enriching our daily experience with an unconventional and ultimately positive outlook.

GENERAL

2

Amor, Monica. Theories of the nonobject: Argentina, Brazil, Venezuela, 1944–1969. Oakland: University of California Press, 2016. 309 p., 16 p. of plates: bibl., ill. (some color), index. Amor’s book “pivots around the neoconcretist writings” of Brazilian poet Ferreira Gullar, and artists Hélio Oiticica, Lygia Clark, and the Argentine Asociación Arte Concreto Invención, among other Latin American artists. In pre- and post-WWII eras, these artists embraced the ideas of Russian and European geometric abstractionists (suprematism, De Stijl, neoplasticism, Russian constructivism, Bauhaus, Parisian and Swiss concrete art, etc.), to transform the visual arts, reflecting the “uneven spaces and rhythms of modernity in the region.” The author, however, is emphatic about differentiating between geometry and constructivism (Oiticica). In short, the genesis of the non-object, while originating in geometry, does not aim at a formal result in painting or sculpture, but rather attempts to create

a “dismembered” something else (Gullar), for instance, the “Bichos” of Lygia Clark or Gego’s “Reticularia,” which Amor refers to as “another geometry.” The five chapters (or case studies) convincingly explain and sustain her case (and the concepts of the previously mentioned Latin American artists), although the reader may feel at times uneasy going around too many semantic, unavoidable edges. The book is not “a history of the constructivist trajectories that developed in Latin America,” as Amor cautions, and it requires a solid understanding of the innovative and radical episodes of geometric abstraction during the 20th century and the ingenious responses and counter-responses of Latin American artists.

3

The art of solidarity: visual and performative politics in Cold War Latin America. Edited by Jessica Stites Mor and Maria del Carmen Suescun Pozas. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2018. 310 p.: bibl., index, photos. An examination of “the practices of solidarity-based cultural production,”

6 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 within a broad scope and context. Editors differentiate between visual culture and performance, crediting both as valid forms of political activism. The Cold War and its effects in Latin America take center stage using examples from Mexico, Honduras, and Brazil, as well as regional examples, making the case that transnational solidarity movements connected people in a variety of ways and utilized various means of expression to fuel ideological commitment to struggles at home and abroad. The chronological chapters, from the 1940s to the present, are set against the historical backdrop of the Cold War.

4

Estudios de arte latinoamericano y caribeño. v. 1, Revisitaciones a los estudios de arte latinoamericano; La alternativa de los estudios interdisciplinares; Arte y política: relaciones peligrosas; La performatividad y el cuerpo. Coordinación de Olga M. Rodríguez Bolufé. Ciudad de México: Universidad Iberoamericana, 2016. 1 v.: ill. The goal of this work is to help redefi ne Latin American and Caribbean art. The essays apply different methodologies and examine diverse artistic experiences. The work is organized in four parts. The essays cover a multitude of subjects, from the concept of identity to other less orthodox topics such as espionage and abstraction in Latin America.

5

Fragmentos de lo queer: arte en América Latina e Iberoamérica. Compilación de Lucas Martinelli. Textos de Denilson Lopes et al. Buenos Aires: Editorial de la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 2016. 333 p.: bibl. (Colección Saberes) Martinelli argues in his introduction that queer theory is fi nally out in the open after 20 years of enriching and renovating arts production and the traditional organization of art criticism and art history. The “contamination”—as Martinelli amusingly characterizes it—is not homogeneous because it came about from different points of view, and the essays by 15 different authors reflect that fragmentation. Subjects are varied, from literature and HIV to postporno. According to Martinelli, queer theory, having gained a secure foothold in academia,

has lost its disruptive nature. He believes that it is imperative to develop a new discourse and strategy—because queer must remain subversive.

6

Imprints of revolution: visual representations of resistance. Edited by Lisa B.Y. Calvente and Guadalupe García. London; New York: Rowman & Littlefield International, 2016. 295 p.: bibl., index. (Disruptions) Collection of case studies mostly about revolutions in Mexico, Cuba, Peru, Venezuela, and Argentina, as well as China, Vietnam and Ethiopia, describes how they became locally contextualized and historically constructed through visual communication. The main point is that the repertoire of the visual represents an alternative archive for understanding revolutionary moments. The essays each offer detailed bibliographies, which are complemented by additional pages of further reading.

7

Making art concrete: works from Argentina and Brazil in the Colección Patricia Phelps de Cisneros. Edited by Pia Gottschaller et al. Los Angeles, Calif.: Getty Conservation Institute and the Getty Research Institute, Los Angeles, 2017. 143 p.: bibl., ill., index. Research sheds light on the unorthodox fabrication methods of 47 artworks within the abstract, Concrete movement after WWII, when Argentine and Brazilian artists (Aluisio Carvao, Waldemar Cordeiro, Willys de Castro, Tomas Maldonado, Alfredo Hlito, and others) favored then-new, synthetic materials. The artworks discussed are part of the collection of Patricia Phelps de Cisneros and were lent to the J. Paul Getty Museum for a three-year study to determine how were they made, and to provide a greater understanding of the significance of the works within the spectrum of postwar Latin American art. Excellent photography and photomicrographic details add to the clarity of the study.

8

Montgomery, Harper. The mobility of modernism: art and criticism in 1920s Latin America. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2017. 319 p.: bibl., ill. (some col.), index. (Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long series in Latin American and Latino art and culture)

Art: 19th-21st Centuries: Mexico / 7 Searching for ways to innovate the visual arts in the 1920s, many influential Latin American artists (Emilio Pettoruti, Xul Solar, and Carlos Mérida, for instance) created works characterized by a fluid mobility. In this study, Montgomery asserts that modernism became a tool for coping with frequent displacement, as well as a site for opposing the established order. She notes that critics developed a new vocabulary for the work of these artists within publications like Amauta and Revista de Avance. All of them revealed an anti-colonialist attitude and an emotional and anti-historical esthetic in which their European experiences no doubt played a role. The book begins with Carlos Mérida’s move to Mexico in 1919 and ends in 1929 with presentations of American art (excluding the US) in the magazines mentioned. Concentrates on artists in Mexico City, Buenos Aires, Lima, and Havana (Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo are not addressed). Extensive notes and bibliography as well as a welcome index.

9

Remix: changing conversations in museums of the Americas. Edited by Selma Holo and Mari-Tere Álvarez. Oakland: University of California Press, 2016. 223 p.: bibl., ill. This second work produced by the International Museum Institute (IMI) features more than 40 authors and museum professionals from the Americas. Analysis covers aspects relevant to museums, from ethics to stewardship. The varied sources and subjects treated aim to go beyond a discussion of common museum values (the subject of the fi rst book, Beyond the Turnstile, 2009) to provide a guide to sustainability. In the words of the editors, the work offers “an unexpected web of visions, voices and perspectives,” while acknowledging diversity, community, and audience engagement. MEXICO

10

Aceves Sepúlveda, Gabriela. Women made visible: feminist art and media in post-1968 Mexico City. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2019. 381 p.: bibl., index. (The Mexican experience) This book “explores how the visual and embodied manifestations of feminist activists . . . challenged established struc-

tures of power and knowledge,” becoming a different archive in content and form. Moving back and forth between 1971 and 2011, the work focuses mainly on the activity of Ana Victoria Jiménez, Rosa Martha Fernández, Pola Weiss, and Mónica Mayer (although other artists are discussed). Their work helped change existing regimes of media and visuality. Aceves Sepúlveda analyzes the fundamental role played by artists and feminist activists in transforming the media-scape and shaping the debate over the body, gender, and sexual violence. The book is divided into three sections, each corresponding to categories of analysis: the city, the archives, and media. The author concludes by noting that “new modes of female experience continue to be explored.” See also Desobediencias: cuerpos disidentes y espacios subvertidos en el arte en América Latina y España, 1960–2010 (HLAS 74:62) and Mujeres, feminismo y arte popular (HLAS 74:80).

11

Un arte sin tutela: Salón Independiente en México, 1968–1971 = Art without guardianship: Salón Independiente in México, 1968–1971. Edición de = Edited by Pilar García & Cuauhtémoc Medina. Textos de Esther Gabara et al. Ciudad de México: MUAC, Museo Universitario de Arte: Editorial RI; Barcelona: RM Verlag, 2018. 399 p.: bibl., facsims., ill. (some color). After rejecting the open call for the Exposición Solar—a government-sponsored art exhibition which was part of the 1968 cultural agenda surrounding the Olympic Games—a significant group of younger artists proposed the creation of an independent salon in which all administrative and organizational aspects would be managed by the artists themselves. The experiment was short-lived, surviving for only three sessions, despite gaining respect for championing freedom of expression. The salon was canceled in 1971 because, as Ricardo Raphael de la Madrid indicates, the participants were incapable of responding the question posed by Mexican-Russian artist Vlady: independent of what? The salon, however, became an “alternative model of autonomy, collective practice and experimentation,” as Pilar García points out in the title of her essay. This illustrated, bilingual book is a memoir of a collaborative artistic model, the

8 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 controversies it sparked, and the outcomes it inspired.

12

Díaz Güémez, Marco Aurelio. El arte monumental del socialismo yucateco (1918–1956). Mérida, Mexico: Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán: Compañía Editorial de la Peninsula, S.A. de C.V.: Patronato Pro Historia Peninsular, A.C., 2016. 255 p.: bibl., ill., maps. As Díaz Güémez states in the introduction of his book, beginning in 1918, the arts in Mexico were controlled by the state and the nationalistic, revolutionary project which aimed to connect cultural values with national identity. The study focuses on the state of Yucatán and its capital city, Mérida, where diverse individuals participated in the cultural activism of the times. Through architecture and public, monumental sculpture aimed at appreciating the Maya Indian, they established the main cultural, ethnic, and geographic markers of art and politics during postrevolutionary Mexico. The author concludes that postrevolutionary Mexican socialism used monumental art to consolidate its presence in the polis of Yucatán and contributed to the formation of Mexican art.

13

Helen Escobedo: expandir los espacios del arte: UNAM 1961–1979 = Expanding art spaces: UNAM 1961–1979. Textos de Clara Bolívar et al. Ciudad de México: MUAC, Museo Universitario Arte Contemporáneo, UNAM: Editorial RM, S.A. de C.V, 2017. 215 p.: bibl., ill. (some color). (MUAC; 058) Bilingual publication documents and provides greater recognition for Escobedo’s work as a champion for art in Mexico for two decades. Escobedo held various positions at UNAM, chief of the Department of Visual Arts and director of the Department of Museums and Galleries among them. She actively promoted better museum practices and worked to educate the public about the visual arts. An interview by Medina and an essay on the relationship between artistic creation and cultural management by García Murillo, among other texts, provide context and offer additional information about Escobedo’s activity as an artist. A chronology and the checklist of the exhibition are included.

14

Hesse, María. Frida Kahlo: an illustrated life. Translated by Achy Obejas. First University of Texas Press edition. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2018. 149 p.: bibl., index. Charmingly illustrated, graphic novel aimed at a younger audience tells the story of the iconic Mexican artist, wife of Diego Rivera. Recounts all the crucial moment of Kahlo’s life. Her story unfolds chronologically using Kahlo’s own words extracted from letters and other documents, identifying challenges and crossroads, told in an intimate, dispassionate, and confidant manner: a childhood not free of health problems, an accident that left her almost paralyzed, her determination to be herself in a male-dominated society, while engaged in a never-ending love affair with Rivera (which did not preclude other affairs), until the amputation of a leg, and her death on 13 June 1954 in Coyoacán, Mexico.

15

José García Narezo: surrealista mestizo (1922–1989). Textos de Juan Rafael Coronel Rivera et al. Ciudad de México: Secretaría de Cultura, Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes; Morelos, Mexico: Secretaría de Cultura de Morelos, 2017. 200 p.: bibl., ill. (some color). Illustrated catalog for the exhibition of the same name held at the Museo Casa Estudio Diego Rivera y Frida Kahlo. The exhibit was the fi rst revindication of the life and work of Narezo, a Madrid-born, deafmute surrealist painter, son of a Mexican mother and the writer, printer, and painter Gabriel García Maroto, a Republican Spaniard. Narezo moved to Mexico at age five for the fi rst time with his family, went back to Spain in 1934, and returned to Mexico in 1938 after Franco’s victory in the Spanish Civil War. Despite a long, active, and relatively successful career in Mexico and abroad, Narezo’s work faded from public recognition and fell into oblivion after his death. Luis Ruis Caso makes the case for Narezo being a transterrado, a SpanishMexican artist who made a significant contribution to Mexican art.

16

Metonimias: Luis Carrera-Maul. Bearbeitet von Peter Krieger. Texte von Christoph Wagner und Peter J. Schneemann. Übersetzungen von Maj Britt Jensen

Art: 19th-21st Centuries: Mexico / 9 und Luis Cejudo Espinosa. Toluca de Lerdo, Mexico: Fondo Editorial del Estado de México, 2016. 211 p.: bibl., ill. (chiefly color). (Colección mayor. Bellas Artes) Trilingual, color-illustrated volume (Spanish, English, German) is dedicated to the work of Carrera-Maul and came about during the Año Dual Alemania México (2016–2017). The book pays homage to Johann Wolfang von Goethe’s color theory which he developed at the end of his illustrious career as writer, statemen, and scientist. Carrera-Maul uses his education as an engineer and his experience growing up in a Mexican-German family to combine, in the opinion of Victor Elbling, systematic thought and the unpredictable processes of artistic creation. He also implicitly refers to the work of Alexander von Humboldt, the 19th-century explorer, geographer, naturalist, and, some say, genius, who spent time traveling in Mexico documenting its flora, fauna, natural resources, and landscape. Carrera-Maul’s artistic process and output is also remarkably ingenious. The excellent photography would have benefitted from the addition of captions.

17

México 1900–1950: Diego Rivera, Frida Kahlo, José Clemente Orozco y las vanguardias. Edición y ensayos de Agustín Arteaga et al. Una cronología de Sharon Jazzán Dayán. Dallas, Tex.: DMA, Dallas Museum of Art; Ciudad de México: Secretaría de Cultura, 2017. 358 p.: bibl., ill. (some color). (Museos y galerías) Intended for the US public, as Mexico’s cultural secretary María Cristina García Cepeda writes in the preface (p. 10), this book accompanied an exhibition of the same name presented at the Grand Palais in Paris, and then at the Dallas Museum of Art (where additional works were added to the exhibition). The catalog offers a critical look at the genesis of modern art in Mexico, a continuum rooted in the 19th century that goes beyond Indigenismo and social realism in the 20th century. In addition to the three artists in the book’s title, the term vanguardia applies to several key figures, some not born in Mexico, but with active roles in the development of Mexican art, including Guatemalan Carlos Mérida, Frenchman Jean Charlot, and Italian Tina Modotti. Arteaga’s essay explains the state of Mexi-

can art before the Revolution, followed by Juan Manuel Bonet’s essay on Symbolism to the Avant-garde, then Laura González Matute’s study of the Mexican School, and so on. The hefty Spanish-language volume is fully illustrated in color. (Also published in French and English versions.)

18

México 68/18: 100 carteles. Edición de Alberto Tovalín Ahumada. Textos de Arnulfo Aquino Casas et al. Xalapa, Mexico: Universidad Veracruzana, 2018. 134 p.: bibl., ill. (chiefly color). Illustrated catalog of a poster exhibition at the Instituto de Artes de la Universidad Veracruzana in commemoration of the 50th anniversary of la Noche de Tlatelolco, Mexico City, 2 October 1968, when at least 300 people, many of them students, were killed by police and the military. The exhibition, which opened simultaneously in Mexico City, Puebla, Guadalajara, and San Luis Potosí, included 100 posters by several generations of poster artists. The use of graphic art as a form of visual activism in the aftermath of the tragic evening follows a longstanding tradition of Mexican popular printing and printmaking as a form of social protest. Artists in Cuba, Poland, and (former) Czechoslovakia similarly have used poster art to great effect. The introductory text explains the genesis and goals of the commemorative exhibit. Graphic design, in general, and posters, in particular, had seen a boom in Mexico prompted, in part, by posters celebrating the Olympic Games held in the country that same year. The Olympic posters, perhaps ironically, given the brutally repressive action in October, aimed to show Mexico as a modern and progressive nation. See also Spectacular Mexico: Design, Propaganda, and the 1968 Olympics (HLAS 72:44) and Hotel Mexico: Dwelling on the ‘68 Movement (HLAS 74:74).

19

Muñoz, Miguel Ángel. Ángela Gurría. Ciudad de México: Secretaría de Cultura, Dirección General de Publicaciones, 2016. 15 p., 48 unnumbered pages of plates: ill. (chiefly color). (Artes visuales) (Círculo de arte) Small monographic booklet dedicated to Ángela Gurría’s mostly abstract sculpture developed between the 1960s-90s. Muñoz’s

10 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 prologue briefly describes the significance of her contribution to Mexican art. The photographs are good and do justice to the work; however, the publication would have been more useful if data such as the titles of the piece, date of execution, and related information had been included.

20

Muro y mito: murales de la Ciudad de México. Textos de José Luis Trueba Lara et al. Ciudad de México: Artes de México, 2016. 263 p.: bibl., ill. (chiefly color). (Artes de la mirada) The title of this generously illustrated publication may lead a reader to assume that the work is an inventory of the extraordinary collection of murals in Mexico City, painted from the early 1920s to the present. Muro y mito does provide an inventory, but this is a work of revisionist criticism. Trueba Lara evaluates the personality of José Vasconcelos, who encouraged mural painting, indicating the good, the bad, and the ugly consequences of his revolutionary conservatism and his endorsement of fascism—his eventual undoing. Mérida’s essay, “Los nuevos rumbos del muralismo mexicano,” demonstrates that Vasconcelos held to his long-standing beliefs in the face of the radicalism of some of the muralists and reaffirms his understanding of the arts as an integrating force for Mexico, while deploring the demand for a new “mentalité.” The essay by Cardoza y Aragón notes that Rivera and Siqueiros’ ideas were intolerant and anachronistic. The concluding essay by Sergio Raúl Arroya differentiates public art, graffiti, and street art as three different phenomena that have become homogenized within a diverse environment.

21

Octopía: Eduardo Navarro. Curación y edición de Manuela Moscoso y Daniela Pérez. Ciudad de México: Museo Tamayo: INBA, 2016. 234 p.: bibl., color ill. (Museos y galerias) The work documents what appears to have been a large performance exhibition at Museo Tamayo, defi ned as “a system of thought for an octopus” leading 80 choreographers and dancers, professional and amateur alike, “through an exploration of movement.” The fi nal section of the book— a conversation between artist Navarro and curators Moscoso and Pérez—may or may

not clarify for the reader the overall concept of the exhibition.

22

O’Rourke, Kathryn E. Modern architecture in Mexico City: history, representation, and the shaping of a capital. Pittsburgh, Pa.: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2016. 410 p.: bibl, ill., index. (Culture, politics, and the built environment) O’Rourke examines Juan O’Gorman’s emblematic central library at UNAM in Mexico City, as well as “the campus where it was built, along a government ministry, a park and schools for the working class, and several private houses designed between 1925 and 1952 by some of Mexico’s most famous and lesser known architects.” The buildings were meant to be “read” and are related to a tradition that began in the 16th century, mixing precolumbian, Spanish (colonial), and modern architecture, characterized by unique façade elements and decorations. The author maintains that architecture and politics have always been intertwined, and grew more so with the advent of international modernism in the mid-1920s. The most blunt realization of this relationship came in the 1950s with the design and construction of the new UNAM campus, creating one of the most deliberate evocations of Mexican modernism.

23

Orozco y Los Teules, 1947. Ciudad de México: Secretaría de Cultura, Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes: Asociación de Amigos del MACG, 2017. 95 p.: bibl., color ill. (Museos y galerías) Catalog of the exhibition recreating Orozco’s 1947 exhibition at El Colegio Nacional inspired by the Teules episode of the Spanish conquest as described by Bernal Díaz del Castillo in his Historia Verdadera de la Conquista de la Nueva España. Orozco’s intention, according to Justino Fernández, was to express the pain that the conquest brought to the New World, while Luis Cardoza y Aragón posits that the artist wanted to depict the terror and desolation that the conquest caused within the native population of Mexico. The catalog features 43 of the 66 paintings, drawings, and watercolors originally exhibited.

24

Paquette, Catha. At the crossroads: Diego Rivera and his patrons at MoMA, Rockefeller Center, and the Palace

Art: 19th-21st Centuries: Mexico / 11 of Fine Arts. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2017. 324 p.: bibl., index. (Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long series in Latin American and Latino art and culture) The book focuses on the wellpublicized controversies associated with Diego Rivera’s 1931–32 retrospective at MoMA; the destruction of the Man at the Crossroads mural at the RCA Building (now Rockefeller Plaza); and the 1934 realization of a similar mural at the Palace of Fine Arts (Mexico City). All three commissions entrusted to him by the three patrons mentioned in the title of Paquette’s book have provided so far, the author contends, inconsistent “views concerning many issues” from all parties involved. Acknowledging the importance of the works themselves, as well as the acts of patronage and censorship, Paquette believes that the crossroads metaphor “aptly” conveys Rivera’s relationship with his patrons, identifying, “the confl icting objectives [that] public art and acts of patronage were expected to fulfi ll, the legislative issues and corporate policies they had the potential to influence, and the interests they may have served.” The book is solidly documented, illustrated in color and b/w, with an ample bibliography.

25

Para participar en lo justo: recuperando la obra de Fanny Rabel. Compilación de Dina Comisarenco Mirkin, Ana Torres Arroyo y Karen Cordero Reiman. Segunda edición. Ciudad de México: Universidad Iberoamericana, 2017. 205 p.: bibl., facsims., ill. (chiefly color), portraits. Illustrated collection of critical studies on Rabel (1922–2008) that accompanied an exhibition of her work celebrating the 70th anniversary of the Universidad Iberoamericana and the 60th anniversary of the Art Department. Professors and students participated in what Luis Javier Cuesta Hernández describes as an “archeological exercise” aimed at rescuing the artist’s legacy from oblivion. Rabel, among others, assisted Diego Rivera with the mural in the National Palace. Interpretive essays include a biographical study (Comisarenco Mirkin); identity, sentimentality, and social and poetic aspects (Hijar); the artist as writer (Cordero Reiman); Jewish immigration to Mexico (Goldsmit Brindis), public activism (Torres Arroyo); and Rabel and the

city (Sacal H.). Entries in the catalog checklist are annotated, which helps provide a greater understanding of and appreciation for the artist’s work.

26

Pérez Walters, Patricia. Patria, rostro y sueño: Jesús F. Contreras: escultor del Porfi riato. Fofografías de Carlos Contreras de Oteyza. Aguascalientes, Mexico: Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, 2016. 430 p.: bibl., ill. Illustrated study centers on the work and life of sculptor Jesús Fructuoso Contreras who Pérez Walters credits with modernizing artistic education in Mexico after 1890. When Contreras returned to Mexico from Paris to teach at the Escuela Nacional de Bellas Artes, he reformulated the social impact of sculpture, understanding it as a means of promoting civic values. The state supported his idea of establishing a foundry (Fundición Artística Mexicana), which became the most important center for sculpture in the country. Losing an arm to cancer did not deter Contreras from working to promote sculpture as a civic good. His professional life parallels years in which nationalistic liberalism found a “language of consolidation” in sculpture. The book provides a fi ne portrait of Contreras as an artist, and of a country determined to “sculpt” an image of itself equal to that of other “civilized” countries.

27

Ricardo Martínez, a 100 años de su nacimiento. Textos de Aurora Yaratzeth Avilés García et al. Ciudad de México: Fundación Ricardo Martínez, 2018. 325 p.: bibl., facsims., ill. (chiefly color), portraits. Color-illustrated, bilingual, commemorative publication in celebration of the centenary of Ricardo Martínez’s birth, published by the foundation created in Mexico City in 2009 to preserve his memory. Zarina Martínez, the artist’s daughter, provides a biographical essay. Other texts include Aurora Yaratzeth’s description how Martínez formed his own expressive language, from his fi rst solo exhibition in 1944 at Galería de Arte Mexicano, showing his predilection for landscape, to the quasi-sculptural figures he began to explore in the 1960s, to his maturity as an artist in the 1980s; María Fernanda Matos Moctezuma’s essay on the last

12 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 three decades of the artist’s life (1980–2009); and María José Ramos de Hoyos’ piece on the artist’s illustrations and vignettes for literary magazines. All the essays are followed by illustrations of the works discussed.

28

Romero Duarte, Benjamín. Alrededor de la geometría de Benjamín. Textos de Juan Acha et al. Guanajuato, Mexico: Ediciones La Rana, 2017. 92 p., 80 unnumbered pages: bibl., facsims., ill. (chiefly color), portraits. (Artistas de Guanajuato) The fi rst volume in the Artistas de Guanajuato series is dedicated to Benjamín Romero Duarte and includes texts by Juan Acha, Pierre Restany, Octavio Paz, and other intellectuals well known within the Latin American art world. The essays cover specific facets of the artist’s work at different moments of his career and discuss his artistic interests in geometric art and precolumbian symbols (while avoiding neomexicanismos, according to García Canclini), and his artistic dialogue with the esthetic of the end of the 20th century.

29

Rosique, Roberto. De aquellos páramos sin cultura . . . : tres decadas de artes en Baja California: de lo retiniano a lo conceptual. Mexicali, Mexico: Instituto de Cultura de Baja California; Tijuana, Mexico: Centro Cultural Tijuana; Ciudad de México: Secretaría de Cultura, 2016. 361 p.: bibl. Rosique traces the transformation of the arts in Baja California, a territory characterized by José Vasconcelos as “barbaric,” and “lost to United States culture,” as noted in the book’s preamble. After a brief historical overview, Rosique concentrates on 1980–2010, examining the trends that typify each decade. In the 1980s, painting reigns, but photography, intimist sculpture, murals, and printmaking are also important. The 1990s mark new directions for figurative art, the proliferation of documentary video, and installation art. In the fi rst decade of the 21st century, figurative art goes beyond ideology, conceptualism and graffiti art become regimented, competitions proliferate, and regional art is brought up to date.

30

Rufi no Tamayo: el éxtasis del color. Coordinación general y texto de Sylvia Navarrete Bouzard. Ciudad de México: Secretaría de Cultura, Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes: Fundación Olga y Rufi no

Tamayo, 2017. 164 p.: bibl., ill. (some color), portraits. (Museos y galerías) Catalog of the exhibition of 50 emblematic works (all of them reproduced in color) by Rufi no Tamayo, in memory of the 26th anniversary of his passing, held at the Museo de Arte Moderno, Mexico. Navarrete’s text reveals the life and work of the Oaxacan master, describing relevant moments in his artistic trajectory and personal life. The book is an excellent introduction to the work of a pivotal figure in Mexican art, particularly for those not familiar with Latin American modernism and 20thcentury art in general. Yoshua Okón: colateral = collateral. Curación y edición de = Curation and editing by John C. Welchman. Textos = texts by Helena Chávez Mac Gregor, Cuauhtémoc Medina and John C. Welchman. Ciudad de México: MUAC, Museo Universitario Arte Contemporáneo, UNAM: Editorial RM; Puebla, Mexico: Museo Amparo; Barcelona: RM Verlag, 2017. 183 p.: bibl., color ill., map. (Folio MUAC; 060) Bilingual publication that accompanied the artist’s 2017–2018 exhibition at the Museo Universitario de Arte Contemporáneo UNAM which, in the words of Helena Chávez Mac Gregor, “situates us within the realm of the absurd as a critical and political strategy.” Checklist contains 19 items, including video, video installation, photography, marble, plastic, and a copper toilet. The exhibit, two essays, and an interview follow the artist’s work through various locations around the world, as well as his ideological view of a world damaged by neoliberal economics.

31

CENTRAL AMERICA

32

The Catherwood project: incidents of visual reconstructions and other matters. Photographs by Leandro Katz. Essay by Jesse Lerner. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2017. 136 p.: bibl., index. In this work, amply illustrated with Katz’s photographs, the artist explores the history, archeology, and artifacts of the Maya in Central America and Mexico. The series is inspired by the work of 19thcentury artist Frederick Catherwood whose

Art: 19th-21st Centuries: The Caribbean / 13 daguerreotypes, watercolors, and sketches illustrated the narrations of John Lloyd Stephens. Catherwood’s work continues to be one of the most faithful records documenting Maya sites (before modern archeology was invented). In equal, yet opposite fashion, Lerner’s essay helps to put Katz’s work in conversation with Maya culture and media art, according to Jeffrey Skoller (University of California, Berkeley).

33

Palomo, Jorge. Arte salvadoreño: cronología de las artes visuales de El Salvador. t. I, 1821–1949. t. II, 1950–1989. t. III, 1990–2015. San Salvador: MARTE, Museo de Arte de El Salvador, 2017. 3 v.: bibl., ill. (chiefly color). Three-volume set offers a chronological study of the visual arts in El Salvador across almost two centuries. No previous publication provides the level of detail that Palomo has compiled from different sources, including 100 living artists and their descendants whose original documents in many cases offer correctives to existing falsehoods. Topics covered include art education, the impact of migration, national exhibitions, exhibitions of Salvadoran art abroad, awards, artists living and deceased. The fi rst volume, 1821–1949, begins with independence of the Central American Intendencies and ends with the English invasion of the Golfo de Fonseca, as well as the arrest and liberation in Paris of Salvadoran artist Francisco Fonseca who was involved in the political upheaval of the Second Republic, led by Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, future emperor of France (1849). A broader sociocultural and political context serves as background for a discussion of the arts and the artists, the important role played by the government before a collecting class appeared around the mid-20th century and the establishment of MARTE (Museo de Arte de El Salvador) in 2003. Study is indeed a monumental effort that deserves praise. THE CARIBBEAN

34

Nawi, Diana. John Dunkley: neither day nor night. Additional texts by David Boxer, Olive Senior, and Nicole SmytheJohnson. Miami, Fla.: Perez Art Museum Miami and DelMonico-Prestel, 2017. 223 p.: bibl., ill., maps, photos.

Bilingual, color-illustrated book accompanied the fi rst US exhibition of the Jamaican self-taught painter and sculptor. Dunkley traveled in his earlier years through Central America and Cuba and returned to Kingston when he was nearly 40 years old. Almost nothing is known of his life during those earlier years. In Kingston he worked as a barber for about 15 years. Only 50 of his paintings and 25 sculptures are known to exist, making him an elusive figure and at the same time a reference point in the broader context of Caribbean art. David Boxer points out that the Jamaican term “Dunkleyesque” implies a strange, melancholic aura for those familiar with the island nation’s art.

35

Paiewonsky, Raquel. Soy mi propio paisaje. Textos de Orlando Britto Jinorio, Miguel A. López y José Manuel Noceda Fernández. Las Palmas de Gran Canaria: Centro Atlántico de Arte Moderno, 2018. 157 p.: bibl., ill. Bilingual, color-illustrated publication accompanied the exhibition “Soy mi propio paisaje” (I am my own landscape) at CAAM (Centro Atlántico de Arte Moderno, Las Palmas de la Gran Canaria). The interview conducted by Miguel López implies that Paiewonsky’s work is strongly connected to being a woman growing up in a male-oriented, patriarchal society, subjected to many types of aggression. The artist explores the cultural contradictions she experienced while maturing surrounded by older, strong-willed sisters, and celebrating the bodies that have exalted their spirit.

36

Relational undercurrents: contemporary art of the Caribbean archipelago. Edited by Tatiana Flores and Michelle A. Stephens. Long Beach, Calif.: Museum of Latin American Art; Albuquerque, N.M.: SF Design / Fresco Books, 2017. 319 p.: bibl., color ill., index, color map. Illustrated catalog of an exhibition featuring the work of 80 artists presented at the Museum of Latin American Art (MOLAA). It was only the second time that the museum dedicated its entire space to a single exhibition. The essays focus on diverse aspects that concern art, of course, Caribbean identity, geopolitical relations, and diasporic populations. Part I focuses on

14 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 contemporary art of the Caribbean archipelago. Part II addresses themes related to three countries: Haiti, Cuba, and the Dominican Republic. Part III is more idiosyncratic, covering the Greater Caribbean and topics such as the decolonial turn. Book includes the complete artwork checklist, artists and contributors’ biographies, and index. Lourdes Ramos Rivas, president and CEO of MOLAA, asserts that “the exhibition is one of the largest museum surveys of contemporary art from the Caribbean to date.” She may be right. See also HLAS 74:92 for an article by the editors on the same exhibit.

de Buenos Aires). The selection includes videos, installations, sculptures, and works on paper realized between 1992 and the present, several of them shown in Argentina for the fi rst time. Inés Katzenstein and Rodrigo Moura contribute essays on aspects of Macchi’s work, while Agustín Pérez Rubio interviews the artist (the title of the exhibition derives from an interview). In the words of Eduardo Constantini, president (and founder) of MALBA, the catalog (with complete checklist and brief biography) is the most exhaustive publication about Macchi to date.

37

39

Rodríguez Bolufé, Olga María. La pintura cubana en el siglo XIX: otras miradas a una historia. Ciudad de México: Universidad Iberoamericana, 2016. 212 p.: bibl., ill. (some color), portraits. In the introduction to her book, Rodríguez Bolufé states that she wishes to explain and critique paradigmatic moments of Cuban art and its lines of continuity and rupture during the 19th century. Independence and the abolition of slavery generated moments of national discourse that are reflected in the art created during that century. Eight chapters approach portraiture, women artists, landscape, costumbrismo, as well the role played by the Academy of San Alejandro, the defi nition of Cuban culture within its own historical framework, and the “great themes” favored by the Cuban academic tradition. Color and b/w illustrations and a bibliography enhance the work. SOUTH AMERICA Argentina Ghidoli, María de Lourdes. Estereotipos en negro: representaciones y autorrepresentaciones visuales de afroporteños en el siglo XIX. See item 992.

38

Jorge Macchi: perspectiva. Edición de Jorge Macchi y Agustín Pérez Rubio. Buenos Aires: MALBA, 2016. 240 p.: ill. (some color). Illustrated bilingual catalog of the retrospective exhibition featuring 244 of the most important works from the artist’s 25-year career. The exhibition was part of the celebration of the 15th anniversary of MALBA (Museo de Arte Latinoamericano

Lamelas, David. David Lamelas: a life of their own. Edited by María José Herrera and Kristina Newhouse with contributions by Alexander Alberro et al. Long Beach: University Art Museum, College of the Arts, California State University, Long Beach; Buenos Aires: Fundación Costantini, Museo de Arte Latinoamericano de Buenos Aires; Los Angeles, Calif.: Getty Publications, 2017. 261 p.: bibl., ill. This work was published as a companion to the fi rst fi lm and video exhibition of Lamelas’ work (in retrospective mode) in the US at the University Art Museum (UAM) of California State University, Long Beach. Lamelas is a figure in Argentine and Latin American conceptual art, and the exhibition focuses on specific moments of the artist’s career and the works associated with those moments, such as the videos “The Dictator” (1976) and “The Dictator Returns” (1984). The book offers an array of documents, mostly photographic, recording Lamelas’ works. The essays by various contributors place the artist’s work within the context of specific moments of his career in Buenos Aires, the Netherlands, and Southern California.

40

Museo de Arte Latinoamericano de Buenos Aires. Verboamérica: Colección MALBA. Edición de Andrea Giunta y Agustín Pérez Rubio. Buenos Aires: MALBA, 2016. 372 p.: color ill. Color-illustrated catalog of the most recent interpretation of the permanent holdings of MALBA proposing, in the words of Eduardo F. Constantini, the founder of the museum and its current president, a new approach to Latin American art. The exhibi-

Art: 19th-21st Centuries: Argentina / 15 tion celebrates the 15th anniversary of the fi rst exposition in September 2001. Since then, the collection has grown from 223 to 590 works. The intention here is to create a dialogue among artists from different periods. The exhibition is divided into eight modules tackling diverse themes including Maps, Geopolitics, and Power; City, Modernity, and Abstraction; and Indigenous America, Black America. The publication opens with a glossary of terms written by Pablo Fasce, selected and edited by the curators, explaining the works on display: School of the South, De-materialization, Peronism, Exile, etc.

41

Penalba, Alicia. Alicia Penalba: sculptor. Ciudad de México; Barcelona: RM; Buenos Aires: MALBA, 2016. 275 p.: bibl., ill., portraits. Black/white illustrated catalog of Alicia Penalba’s sculpture was a companion publication for an exhibition of the artist’s works at MALBA (Museo de Arte Latinoamericano de Buenos Aires). The exhibition—the fi rst of its kind in Argentina— assembled pieces from stages of her work over 30 years: from her arrival in Paris in 1948 to her death in 1982. More than a few important pieces were purchased abroad and repatriated, some even restored. The work presents essays by various contributors, such as Jörn Merkert’s “An Eight-Point Approach to the Sculpture of Alicia Penalba” originally written in 1977. The publication includes a complete checklist (with 83 entries, many of them with diverse components), biographical notes, curriculum vitae, and bibliography.

42

Riobó, Carlos. Caught between the lines: captives, frontiers, and national identity in Argentine literature and art. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2019. 180 p.: bibl., index. (New hispanisms) Most of the essays in this book reflect on captivity narratives in Argentine literature and the visual arts from the colonial to the Perón era. The notion of captives (whites taken by Indigenous people) was tied to concerns of how to balance an ethnically mixed population or mestizo hybridity with 19th-century political aspirations of creating a homogeneous society. Literature and art took an ideological turn deploying the

figure of the captive, especially the captive woman, in an attempt to create the notion of national purity—an ideal difficult to maintain when the children of those former captives returned to freedom. According to the work, both cultural and national mestizaje occurred. Book is illustrated, with ample notes, bibliography, and index.

43

Rocca, Cristina. Artistas y reformistas en la cultura de Córdoba (1933–1943). Córdoba, Argentina: Editorial Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 2018. 150 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Reforma) The study approaches “the infamous decade” (1933–43) in Argentina—a time when the army sponsored a conservative restoration—from an historical-artistic perspective. Focused on the “visual thought” of younger artists in Córdoba, Argentina, during the same years, Rocca argues that artists’ interactions promoted a democratic, antifascist culture, creating a space for debate and inspiration in the middle of a hostile environment. Culture developed its own antibodies against the viral abuses of power and suppression of individual liberties. The work examines four specific cases: sculptor Horacio Juárez and his public defender, journalist Saúl Taborda; the censored exhibition of Ernesto Soneira and his friend and advocate Deodoro Roca; the “thematic concordance” noted in the awards given to Alberto Nicasio and Nicolas Russo at the II Municipal Salon of 1942; and artist and theoretician Luis Waisman. Rocca concludes that the 1930s-40s decisively marked the development of modernity in Argentina—but one must remember that modernity in each of the cases studied has its own characteristics derived from the sociohistorical moment.

44

Visualidad y dispositivo(s): arte y técnica desde una perspectiva cultural. Compilación de Alejandra Torres y Magdalena Pérez Balbi. Los Polvorines, Argentina: Ediciones UNGS Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento, 2016. 186 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Comunicación, artes y cultura; 13) The chapters of this book are the revised editions of papers written for the closing of the project “Cultura: arte, técnica y medios masivos,” held at the Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento in 2013.

16 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 In the presentation, Torres and Pérez Balbi state that they intend to explore the interrelationship and shared content that exists among the various arts, artistic techniques, and communication, based on different experiences in Argentinian culture from 1960 onward. That explanation elucidates their meaning of visualidad. As for the dispositivo, or device, the authors employ two approaches, those of Foucault and Deleuze/ Agamben, the second deriving from the fi rst, with a much more enhanced context. The axis that runs through this work is the connection between different areas of the arts and the communication between art and technique. Chile

45

Cucurella, Paula. A weak force: on the Chilean dictatorship and visual arts. (CR, 14:1, Spring 2014, p. 99–127, bibl., photos) Paper discusses the impact and meaning of the 1975 publication Manuscritos (only one issue was produced) at the Universidad de Chile which included a selection of Quebrantahuesos, a 1952 collage publication created by Chilean poet Nicanor Parra and a group of friends and exhibited in two strategic locations in Santiago. The publication was supposed to mimic a front page of a newspaper, making fun of the news and the press in general (and it did), but that was only the surface since the humor and absurdity were directed at “the excess of stupid heaviness” (in Parra’s words). In the context of the dictatorship, the collages were subversive, and Cucurella utilizes the reissue of the collages in Manuscritos (the university suspended the publication) to elaborate on the weakness of the regime, which used the press as an “ideological tool” and instrument to validate repression. Cucurella elaborates by explaining the attitudes of a new generation of artists during this period. She also clarifies how her view differs from Nelly Richard’s perspective on the same subject (see HLAS 72:111 and HLAS 72:112).

46

Echaurren, Pablo. Pablo Echaurren: make art not money: Santiago de Chile: 16 junio-21 agosto 2016. Edición de Inés Ortega-Márquez. Textos de Inés Ortega-

Márquez et al. Santiago: Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes, 2016. 200 p.: bibl., ill. (chiefly color), portraits. Color-illustrated book accompanied the fi rst exhibition in Chile of Italian artist Pablo Echaurren (Rome, 1951), son of Chilean artist Roberto Sebastián Antonio Matta Echaurren (self-exiled in Rome for the last part of his life), and the Italian actress Angela Faranda. Due to a mistake at the registry office, Pablo received the last name of his grandmother, which he continues to use professionally. The exhibition united 110 artworks in a retrospective fashion, from the early 1970s to the present, including sketches, drawings, collages, paintings, and sculpture. Texts, including one by his long-time art dealer Arturo Schwarz and a biography by his wife Claudia Salaris, explain family relationships and artistic development, among other subjects, and appear in English translation at the end of the publication.

47

González Castro, Francisco; Leonora López; and Brian Smith. Performance art en Chile: historia, procesos y discursos. Santiago: Ediciones Metales Pesados, 2016. 277 p.: bibl., index. This work aims to trace the development of performance art in Chile during the last three decades of the 20th century. This is a preliminary study on a subject rarely explored in the country. The work is organized in three chapters, the fi rst dedicated to performance art in Europe, US, Latin America, and Chile before 1970; the second traces the evolution of performance art in Chile; the third chapter explores the theoretical and intellectual perspectives of performance art, institutional considerations of performance art, and performance art and the public domain. Colombia

48

Acosta López, María del Rosario. Memory and fragility: art’s resistance to oblivion, three Colombian cases. (CR, 14:1, Spring 2014, p. 71–97, bibl., photos) The three cases considered in this paper are: Oscar Muñoz’s “Project for a Memorial”; Doris Salcedo’s performance November 6 and 7; and Juan Manuel Echavarria’s “Novenaries Abiding.” All three are con-

Art: 19th-21st Centuries: Peru / 17 cerned with paradoxical forgetfulness and loss and mourning. These subjects have dominated a considerable segment of artistic production in Colombia during the past 60 years of indiscriminate violence. As Acosta López states, “art resists oblivion by means of its own fragility.” In a three-page introduction that discusses the German philosopher Friedrich Hegel and his understanding of art, Acosta López lays out the foundation for her argument that memory constitutes an archive in which the past is stored for study in the present.

49

Arte y disidencia política: memorias del Taller 4 Rojo. Textos de David Gutiérrez Castañeda et al. Bogotá: Editorial La Bachué; Madrid: Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía, 2016. 547 p.: ill. (some color), portraits. A series of thematic interviews with members of the Taller 4 Rojo: Carlos Granada (deceased), Diego Arango, Umberto Giangrandi, Jorge Mora, and Fabio Rodríguez Amaya. Taller 4 Rojo was an art collective created in 1972 (although some argue it was 1971) and dissolved in 1974. The mission of the collective was to bring together “artists interested in the Colombian reality to connect artistic production with the transformation of the country.” Implicit in the purpose was a rejection of artistic institutionalization—although some of the members were, or later became, professors at the school of fi ne arts of the National University. The book attempts to clarify the ideological perspective guiding the group, which was elusive because they did not have a “political project,” but instead aimed at social change (at least some of them). Gra nada, for instance, thought that artists should not become involved in militancy because they could not allow political groups to manipulate their art. A fascinating compilation of statements obtained directly from primary sources that in many ways contradicts the apparent unity that the group projected during the tumultuous years of the early 1970s in Bogotá. Illustrated in b/w.

50

Rivadeneira Vargas, Antonio José. Los artistas chiquinquireños Rómulo Rozo y Pedro Vargas, eximios exponentes del mestizaje indoamericano: un caso exótico de poligenismo artístico y social.

Bogotá: Academia Colombiana de Historia, 2016. 185 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Bolsilibros; LXIV) The title of this book appears to say it all; however, the words of Adriana Mayorga clarify that both artists, Rozo (a sculptor) and Vargas (an opera singer known as “the tenor of the Americas”), who voluntarily exiled in Mexico, not only were victims of the social, cultural, and legal contexts of their time, but also were unified by artistic marginalization, exclusion, and hostility. Both found opportunities in Mexico that would have been impossible in their native city and country. Those harsh words are hard to dispute considering the situation for the arts in Colombia at the time—a situation that still applies in many ways to other Latin American countries. The author also points out that exercising active citizenship challenges people to explore cultural roots and can provide a feeling of belonging, which leads to a better quality of life and collective progress. Peru

51

Acha, Juan. Juan Acha: despertar revolucionario = Revolutionary awakening. Ciudad de México: MUAC, Museo Universitario Arte Contemporáneo, UNAM: RM Ediciones, 2017. 296 p.: bibl., ill. (chiefly color). (Folio MUAC; 050) Bilingual book accompanied the exhibition of the same name on the writings and intellectual endeavor of Peruvian-born critic and theoretician Juan Acha, a Latin American champion of non-objectual art, a notion different from Euro-American conceptual art, according to Sol Henaro who introduces the compilation. Joaquín Barriendos acted as curator, organizing the exhibition in six themes: Sociological Art, Postal Guerrilla, Latin America, Groups, Non- Objectualism, and Sensible Bodies. Barriendos also contributed the essay “Revolution in the Revolution,” a study of unpublished manuscripts from Acha’s archives and personal papers. Sections in the book, such as Aeropostal Exchanges and Complicities, gather letters and articles written by some fellow critics (Aracy Amaral, Rita Eder, Carla Stellweg, among others), while Itineraries provides chronologies of Acha’s activities, fi rst in Peru (1932–71) and later in Mexico (1972–95).

18 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76

52

Mitrovic Pease, Mijail. El “desborde popular” del arte en el Perú. (Ecuad. Debate, 99, dic. 2016, p. 59–78, bibl.) This paper discusses the visible transformation experienced by the arts in Peru, beginning at the end of the 1970s as a result of a massive migration from the countryside to the capital, Lima. The mass migration was spurred, in part, by the reforms implemented by the military government (although migration to the capital was an ongoing process since the 1940s). The internal demographic shift brought together different cultures and idiosyncrasies. Lima, in particular, became a space where traditions and customs of all kinds converged. Spontaneity and creativity were symptoms of a reformulated social space in the absence of an inclusive national project. Mitrovic Pease, citing critic Mirko Lauer, is partial to the idea of considering popular expression to be the truly modern contribution to Peruvian art of the end of the 20th century.

del imaginario nacional peruano. Lima: Fondo Editorial del Congreso del Perú, 2016. 619 p.: ill. (some color). The focus of this work is a study of the Cuzco school vis-à-vis the traditional model of painting, the initial impact of Spanish painting on Peruvian practitioners of the same technique, modernity and the Peruvian artistic vanguards of the early 20th century. Villegas Torres, differentiating sculpture from painting, highlights the presence of Spanish sculptors and painters in the earlier decades of the last century. He also addresses problems of nationalism and Indian segregation, ending with a chapter dedicated to the Peruvian Pavilion at the Ibero-American Exhibition of 1929 in Seville, Spain, which aimed to establish the existence of a Creole hispanismo. In addition to documentary sources, the book ends with a chronology of links between Spanish and Peruvian artists (1855–1929). Uruguay

53

Rodríguez Larraín, Emilio. Emilio Rodríguez Larraín. Edición de Sharon Lerner y Natalia Majluf. Textos de Dorota Biczel, Sharon Lerner y Natalia Majluf. Coordinación editorial de Valeria Quintana y Sairah Espinoza. Traducción de Melanie Gallagher y Flavia López de Romaña. Lima: Asociación Museo de Arte de Lima, MALI, 2016. 296 p.: bibl., ill. (chiefly color), portraits. Bilingual, color and b/w illustrated catalog of a retrospective exhibition at MALI (Museo de Arte de Lima), which included Rodríguez Larraín’s painting, sculpture, drawing, installation, and architectural projects, both realized and unrealized. One hundred works, representing six decades of activity covering a wide range of expressions, make up the exhibition. The book helps to position Rodríguez Larraín’s contribution to Peruvian art during the second half of the 20th century. Lerner describes it as “a unique path.” Most of the essays concentrate on specific works or series of works developed by the architect and artist. Research for the project began in 2014 at MALI one year before the artist’s death.

54

Villegas Torres, Fernando. Vínculos artísticos entre España y el Perú (1892–1929): elementos para la construcción

55

Gurvich, José. Naturalezas muertas: obras (1945–1963). Textos de Cecilia de Torres, Edward J. Sullivan y Martín Gurvich. Montevideo: Museo Gurvich, 2016. 192 p.: chiefly color ill. Color-illustrated catalog of the exhibition at the Museo Gurvich of 145 works on paper and canvas, all from the museum’s collection, showing the versatility of one of the most popular subjects in the history of art: the still life. The museum celebrates the work of Jewish artist José Gurvich who emigrated from Lithuania to Uruguay at a young age. The collection reflects Gurvich’s pictorial interests, including his encounter with Universal Constructivism and his quest to discover a personal pictorial vocabulary. His work did not proceed in a linear fashion, instead the artist tried different visual approaches until 1965 when, according to critic Cecilia de Torres, the artist found a voice of his own.

56

Larroca, Oscar. Bisagras y simulacros: ensayos escogidos, 1997–2015. Montevideo: Estuario Editora, 2016. 230 p.: bibl., ill. (Ensayo) Amid Hamed briefly and eloquently introduces this anthology of 30 of Larroca’s articles (selected among the many he wrote)

Art: 19th-21st Centuries: Uruguay / 19 focused on art, design, and visual perception by explaining the diverse meaning of the word simulacro. Hamed praises Larroca for committing the temerity to talk about art, since art criticism, in his view, has become more concerned with the death of everything: the arts, the artist, people capable of great narratives. Technology has created a “low defi nition” human being and transformed the arts into an activity mostly concerned with grants, sponsors, and the stock market. Larroca himself laments the decline of art criticism in Uruguay. The article “Arte visual uruguayo: banderitas y globos” (“Uruguayan Visual Art: Little Flags and Balloons”) is just one example. In Larroca’s view, the decline is due in part to the confusion engulfi ng art and art criticism, the role of the curator and the critic, the reduced space within mass media for serious art criticism, and the—sometimes deceptive—intellectual and political opportunism within conceptual art.

57

Lema Riqué, Victor. Víctor Lema Riqué: la vida de las personas extraordinarias. Curaduría de Paulo Gallina y Manuel Neves. Textos de Enrique Aguerre et al. Traducción del portugués de Eliane Frenkel. Traducción al inglés de Adriana Butureira. Montevideo: Museo Nacional de Artes Visuales, 2017. 93 p.: bibl., ill. (chiefly color). Color-illustrated catalog accompanied the artist’s fi rst exhibition at the Museo Nacional de Artes Visuales in Montevideo. (Born in 1955 in Montevideo, the artist has lived and worked in São Paulo since 1980.) The title of the exhibition derives from the history and stories of Montevideo Bay. The images in the fantastic Life of Extraordinary People center on Italian general Giuseppe Garibaldi and the dreams of Ricciotti, Giuseppe’s son (among other characters) after listening to his father’s tales about the ideal republic. Vicente Aguerre, director of the MNAV, introduces the exhibit saying that, through each work (paintings, drawings, objects, and videos), Lema Riqué questions the condition of Uruguayan citizens with their common history, some with glorious stories, others, less so.

58

Méndez, Mary. Divinas piedras: arquitectura y catolicismo en Uruguay, 1950–1965. Montevideo: CSIC, Universidad

de la República Uruguay, 2016. 167 p.: bibl., ill. (Biblioteca plural) Based on the author’s MA thesis, the study looks at three Catholic churches built in Uruguay after 1950: the Parish of Cristo Obrero (Atlántida), the Chapel of Santa Susana (Soca), and the Archdioceses Seminar (Toledo) designed by Eladio Dieste, Antonio Bonet, and Mario Payssé, respectively. Francisco Liernur directed the study and characterizes it as the articulation of three microhistories within the general history of Uruguay, late modernism, and the individual interpretations of Catholic faith by the architects, in a traditionally secular country.

59

Nelson Ramos: nada del arte le fue ajeno: exposición antológico. Curaduría de Angel Kalenberg. Textos de Maria Julia Muñoz et al. Traducción al inglés de Adriana Butureira. Montevideo: Museo Nacional de Artes Visuales, 2016. 177 p., 23 unnumbered p.: bibl., ill. (chiefly color). Color-illustrated catalog that accompanied the anthological exhibition at the Museo Nacional de Artes Visuales (MNAV) in Montevideo, covering all aspects of Ramos’ work in remembrance of the 10th anniversary of his death. Exhibition included drawing, painting, installation, environments, objects, and constructions. Kalenberg’s essay follows an inventory of the artist’s endeavors (he calls them “stations”), highlighting the fact that from the formal viewpoint, the line is the main protagonist of Ramos’ work, from a “mental object” to its transformation into a physical, discernible reality.

60

Panella, Verónica. Principio de incertidumbre: algunas líneas de aproximación a la fragmentada escena de las artes visuales en los noventa. (Cuad. CLAEH, 35:104, 2016, p. 143–163, bibl., ill., photos) Article examines the changes in the Uruguayan art scene in the 1990s after the democratic transition (1989) and resulting political and social transformations. New generational paradigms emerged without being necessarily well defi ned or collectively endorsed, hence the art scene was somewhat confused and fragmented. Panella establishes two main fields of continuing practice: painting and social-artistic actions

20 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 (performance, video, public art). Panella deserves credit for her determination to discuss some important issues that arose following democratization. Further research remains to be done on what Uruguayan artist Manuel Espínola Gómez characterized as Uruguay’s epoch of unresolved problems.

61

Pastorino Rodríguez, Magalí. A la huella de Giordano Bruno: una arqueología del arte contemporáneo en las prácticas docentes de la Escuela Nacional de Bellas Artes (1985–1993). Montevideo: CSIC, Universidad de la República Uruguay, 2016. 133 p.: bibl. (Biblioteca plural) The only official place in Uruguay for the teaching of the arts is the Escuela Nacional de Bellas Artes of the Universidad de la República, which closed in 1973 at the beginning of the dictatorship, reopened in 1984, and began operating again in 1985. Pastorino Rodríguez wonders why, even 30 years after the reopening of the art school, there are not substantial studies about how educational practices and methodologies were updated in view of the changes in the international art scene. As she notes, the time period coincided with the entrenchment of conceptual, performance, and installation art and thus would require markedly new educational approaches to connect teaching practices with the art world. The title of the book is a metaphor that implies the transgressive and multidimensional knowledge of the 16thcentury friar, tried for heresy and burned at the stake for his refusal to renounce his progressive thesis.

62

Sagradini, Mario. Vademecum: (con la gentil participación de Lucía y Mario). Curadoría y diseño de montaje de Mario Sagradini. Textos de Gabriel Peluffo Linari y Lucía Sagradini. Realización de montaje de Nicolás Infanzón. Traducción al inglés de Adriana Butureira. Montevideo: Museo Nacional de Artes Visuales, 2016. 143 p: ill. (chiefly color). Color-illustrated catalog that accompanied the exhibition of the artist and former director of the Museo Nacional de Artes Visuales, Montevideo. Peluffo’s text titled “The Artist as Ethnographer” (emulating a 1996 essay in The Return of the Real by American critic Hal Foster) follows

Sagradini’s interests: his archival practice, memory, the punctum, the writing, form, and the artefact. The exhibition, according to Lucía Sagradini, is divided in two parts: the fi rst, belonging to the past, gathers works in diverse media. The second is represented by a wooden installation created for the occasion; the two parts are connected by a transition zone. Such a division is a metaphor “discretely inviting us to the future.”

63

Sarralde, Ruben. Sarralde. Coordinación general de Uruguay Russi. Uruguay: Fundación Sarralde; Buenos Aires: Mar Dulce, 2017. 143 p.: ill. (chiefly color). Color-illustrated monograph is a collective effort to rescue the “work and memory” of artist Ruben Sarralde (1921–2003). Sarralde’s style was heavily influenced by the School of Paris, for instance Maurice de Vlaminck and other Fauve painters. Their influence on his work is notable until the end of the 1990s. Many of the works included here, while visually charming indeed, are not dated. Other works are evocative of the early works of artist Joaquín Torres García (1874–1949). Four essays describe the man and the artist.

64

Sierra, Fernando de. Las valijas de Vilamajó. Montevideo: Facultad de Arquitectura, Universidad de la República Uruguay, CSIC, Comisión Sectorial de Investigación Científica, 2017. 263 p.: ill. (some color). New study on the award-winning architect Julio Agustin Vilamajó Echaniz (1894–1948), considered by many to be the most important modern architect of 20thcentury Uruguay. His international reputation merited his inclusion on the board of design consultants for the construction of the UN headquarters (New York) together with Le Corbusier and Oscar Niemeyer. Research is based on the content of two briefcases—sketches, drawings, photographs, typewritten and official documents, and manuscripts—bequeathed to the faculty of architecture at the Universidad de la República in Montevideo. Sixty-three years after his death, the works and documents reveal new information about the architect’s personal life and the last years of his professional activity. In the book, the new infor-

Art: 19th-21st Centuries: Venezuela / 21 mation is combined with well-known facts, expanding the perspective on Vilamajó’s career. The book is profusely illustrated. The material found in the briefcases serves as the point of departure for new interpretations of his “architectural project.” Venezuela

65

Gaztambide, María C. El techo de la ballena: retro-modernity in Venezuela. Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 2019. 213 p.: bibl., index. Two years after the restoration of a democratic government in Venezuela, a group of artists, writers, and intellectuals formed the El techo de la ballena collective

(1961) with the subversive mission of disrupting, transgressing, and unmasking the false pretense of modernism and development supported by the dictatorship of Pérez Jiménez. The group disintegrated three years later in 1964, as political and artistic agendas became more difficult to reconcile. The author traces the origin of the group to Salamanca, Spain, and describes how the group coalesced at the same time that Informalism arrived in Caracas. They appropriated kitsch and its anti-Christian perspective, which infuriated many. Well documented, with many notes, a generous bibliography of primary sources, and an index.

HISTORY ETHNOHISTORY Mesoamerica BRADLEY BENTON, Associate Professor of History, North Dakota State University PETER B. VILLELLA , Associate Professor of History, United States Air Force Academy

MESOAMERICAN ETHNOHISTORY continues to be an extremely vibrant field, and scholars continue to push our understanding in new and exciting directions. One notable trend in the works compiled for HLAS 76 is the extension of ethnohistorical scholarship into regions beyond the more widely studied areas of central and southern Mexico. Michoacán, for instance, is the subject of three new works (items 90, 99, and 108). Nueva Galicia is the subject of work by Ida Altman (item 66) and José Miguel Romero de Solís (item 114). And Travis Jeffres’ article (item 92) examines the forced resettlement of Tlaxcalteca in the far north. Communities of central and southern Mexico are still receiving plenty of attention from scholars, however. Mark Christensen and Matthew Restall (item 72) examine the Yucatecan Maya town of Ixil, while Diego Vásquez Monterroso (item 124) considers the Q’eqchi’ Maya amaq’ of Los Copones. Brígida von Mentz (item 102) examines the Native communities in the mining region of northern Guerrero, while Magdalena A. García Sánchez (item 88) reconstructs the early colonial history of Ocotelulco, Tlaxcala. Prehispanic Tlaxcala and the Nahuas of the central valleys are, in fact, the focus of much recent work. Stan Declercq (item 79), for instance, reconsiders the flowery wars between the Mexica and the Tlaxcalteca. Erik Damián Reyes Morales and José Rubén Romero Galván (item 113) reevaluate the Mexica narratives surrounding the fabled migrations from Aztlan. And John F. Schwaller (item 116) connects the prehispanic rituals of the month of Panquetzaliztli with the rise of Mexica imperial power. For the colonial period, Camilla Townsend (item 121) analyzes the 16th- and 17th-century Native annals (histories) of central Mexico. And Jonathan Truitt (item 122) examines Nahua colonial religious practice in the capital. Indeed, religion continues to be one of the most heavily researched topics. For the prehispanic period, Enrique Florescano’s work (item 85) is noteworthy, as he provides a framework for understanding religious practices across Mesoamerica. Colonial religion, however, has received the bulk of the attention, and many of these works are sophisticated studies of the complexities and nuances of Native conversion and the diversity of ways in which Native peoples practiced and adapted Catholicism. Agnieszka Brylak (item 70), for instance, continues the now well-established philological approach to Nahua doctrinal texts to trace Nahua understandings of the Christian concept of sin. Ryan Dominic Crewe (item 77)

24 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76

explores the building of mission churches and challenges a persistent romanticization of these efforts by emphasizing their political and economic nature and the central role played by Native leaders and community members. Amara Solari (item 117) similarly emphasizes the uniquely Maya nature of Catholic religious practice in Yucatán with her examination of the Marian cult at Itzmal through both an art historical and a philological lens. Solari is not alone in her visual approach. Art historians and those analyzing visual sources are, in fact, some of the most prolific contributors to the field of Mesoamerican ethnohistory. For this volume, at least five collections of essays are devoted mostly, if not wholly, to Mesoamerican pictorial documents, known as codices (items 73, 74, 91, 109, and 111). In addition, many recently published monographs examine pictorials or other visual sources. Diana Magaloni Kerpel (item 98) examines the images from the Florentine Codex. Lori Boornazian Diel (item 81) analyzes the Codex Mexicanus. And Angela Herren Rajagopalan (item 112) is focused on the Codices Boturini, Azcatitlan, and Aubin. Monographs of this type—comprehensive analyses of a single manuscript or corpus of manuscripts—are extremely important contributions. They make intelligible these otherwise esoteric sources and will undoubtedly lead to further work. The monographs also often help to make high-quality images of the manuscripts themselves more widely available. Several monograph-length studies of alphabetic texts have also recently appeared, and they too will undoubtedly lead to increased scholarly interest in these sources. Mallory Matsumoto (item 100), for instance, has published a very detailed analysis of five títulos —legal narratives establishing land claims— produced by a K’iche Maya group in the 16th century. As with the pictorial monographs discussed earlier, Matsumoto’s book includes high-quality facsimiles of the manuscripts; she also provides transcriptions and English-language translations. Similarly, María de Guadalupe Suárez Castro’s work on the Chilam Balam de Tekax text (item 118) includes digital copies of the manuscript folios, transcriptions, and Spanish-language translations from the original 19th-century Yucatecan Mayan text. Garry Sparks, Frauke Sachse, and Sergio Romero (item 125) present English-language translations of 16th-century doctrinal texts written in Mayan, with special attention to Dominican friar Domingo de Vico’s Theologia Indorum. David Wright’s work (item 106) is devoted to an 18th-century document pertaining to a legendary account of the founding of the city of Querétaro. And fi nally, Yolanda Lastra, Etna T. Pascacio, and Leopoldo Valiñas (item 71) present a transcription of two Matlatzinca dictionaries: one colonial and one contemporary. An interesting feature of the contemporary Matlatzinca dictionary is that native Matlatzinca speaker Marciano Hernández produced it with assistance from Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (Mexico) researcher Roberto Escalante. This sort of collaboration between non-Native and Native scholars is becoming more frequent in ethnohistorical work. In fact, one of the articles in Rebecca Dufendach’s special issue of Ethnohistory (item 82) is an account of contemporary Nahua illness and healing produced by the scholar Sabina Cruz de la Cruz, a native Nahuatl speaker, and translated into English by Dufendach. Another trend of note is a focus on objects and the use of a particular kind of object or set of objects to organize scholarly inquiry. María de los Ángeles Sánchez-Noriega Armengol (item 115), for instance, examines the bastón de mando (rod of authority) used by those in power in local government across

History: Ethnohistory: Mesoamerica / 25

the Spanish Empire. She fi nds that this ostensibly Spanish object was imbued by some Native communities with a divine essence reminiscent of prehispanic symbols of local political power. Stacey Schwartzkopf and Kathryn E. Sampeck’s Substance and Seduction (item 119) also takes objects as its focus. The essays in this collection examine commodities that were consumed for pleasure in colonial Mesoamerica—sugar, rum, chocolate, tobacco, pulque, peyote, and mushrooms— and the social, economic, cultural, and political constraints surrounding their consumption. And Allison Caplan and Lisa Sousa’s special issue of Ethnohistory (item 83) is devoted to birds and feathers—and Indigenous knowledge and use of them—in arts, religion, philosophy, economic transactions, and other facets of Mesoamerican life. The ethnohistorical scholarship devoted to Mesoamerica continues to push our understanding of the history of Native peoples in the region in new and exciting directions. Communities across the region—both within and beyond central and southern Mexico—continue to receive in-depth studies. These studies rely on a variety of disciplinary approaches and concern themselves as much with visual sources as with alphabetic texts. The sources themselves also continue to be the focus of much work, and high-quality editions of pictorial and alphabetic primary source texts appear with regularity, a phenomenon that will only encourage further research and greater insights. Recent innovations include the use of objects to organize scholarly inquiry and the increasingly visible presence of contemporary native speakers of Mesoamerica’s Indigenous languages as producers of scholarship. These trends bode well for the discipline, and we anticipate new and exciting paths forward.

66

Altman, Ida. Contesting conquest: Indigenous perspectives on the Spanish occupation of Nueva Galicia. University Park, Pa.: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2017. 133 p.: bibl., ill., index, maps. (Latin American originals; 12) In this volume, Ida Altman compiles and contextualizes vivid first-hand accounts of the violent Spanish colonization of Mexico’s west between the 1520s and 1540s. In keeping with the spirit of the Latin American Originals series of The Pennsylvania State University Press, the volume foregrounds Indigenous sources, although they are supplemented by illustrative texts by non-Native witnesses and participants. Altman carefully curates and organizes the text into a quasinarrative that, holistically, broadens our understanding of the process by which Spaniards came to dominate the Native peoples of Mexico during those decades. Unlike the conquest of Tenochtitlán, which seemingly ended when a sovereign lord surrendered, the subordination of Mexico’s fragmented and multiethnic west was characterized by sustained violence lasting for decades.

67

Amaral-Rodríguez, Janette. Tlaxcala’s ‘Redondez’ and the making of New Worlds: from global empire to Indian province in Descripción de la ciudad y provincial de Tlaxcala (1581–85). (Colon. Lat. Am. Rev., 28:2, 2019, p. 152–78) This article offers a new interpretation of the important chronicle of Tlaxcala by the 16th-century mestizo historian Diego Muñoz Camargo. It closely analyzes the text’s particular manner of representing Tlaxcala and its history and highlights its resonance with medieval European symbolism in which roundness and spheres were manifestations of divine order and creation. According to Amaral-Rodríguez, Muñoz Camargo carefully portrayed Tlaxcala’s territory in text and image as spherical as a means of distinguishing and defi ning the province as unique and essential within the Spanish Crown. In this discourse, the roundness of Tlaxcala proved its ontological separateness, which in turn discouraged violations of its autonomy and integrity, while also defi ning its distinct fate as a nation of Indian conquistadors.

26 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76

68

Aranda Mendíaz, Manuel. La acción tuitiva de la corona española en relación con los indígenas americanos. Las Palmas, Spain; Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Madrid: Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 2016. 2 vols. This lengthy work offers a historical and typological exposition of Castilian legal practices aimed at limiting the abuse of Native Americans in Spanish domains. It traces the development of a royal concern for Indigenous well-being and the monarchy’s attempts to assume a protective posture against predatory conquistadors, clergy, landowners, and caciques, from Isabel I’s testament of 1504 to the reforms of Carlos III (r. 1759–88) and beyond. The fi rst volume examines the religious, political, and historical impetuses for royal paternalism in the Law of the Indies and highlights its specific manifestations in different areas of the law. The second collects excerpts of influential legal texts that demonstrate the ubiquity of these concerns throughout the three centuries of Spanish colonialism.

tian concepts. These renderings did not perfectly convey European notions of these concepts, and, in fact, invited Nahuas to see Christianity through the lenses of their own Native belief systems. This article traces the use of the Nahuatl couplet atoyatl tepexitl (“hurtling off a precipice, falling into a river”). It was commonly used by missionary friars as a metaphor for sin, an idea that was not easily assimilated into the Nahua worldview. Nahuas, the author argues, would have instead understood the couplet to describe acts of occasional excess, which would have been viewed not as sinful, but as natural and necessary complements to the more routine acts of moderation. Carter, Nicholas P. and Jeffrey Dobereiner. Multispectral imaging of an early classic Maya codex fragment from Uaxactun, Guatemala. See HLAS 75:66.

71

Battcock, Clementina and Silvia Limón Olvera. El imaginario colectivo en Mesoamérica: representaciones y símbolos en el altiplano central de México. Rosario, Argentina: FHUMYAR Ediciones, Facultad de Humanidades y Artes, UNR, 2017. 119 p.: bibl., ill. This thin Argentine-published volume is designed as an introduction to the study of late postclassic Nahua history and religious practice. The authors begin with an overview of the major scholarly Spanishlanguage works and debates in the field of prehispanic Mesoamerican studies, from the early 18th-century collector Lorenzo Borturini Benaducci to the present day. The subsequent chapters provide basic overviews of topics ranging from primary sources (alphabetic, pictorial, archeological) to cosmology and religion.

Castro, Andrés de. Vocabulario castellano-matlatzinca de fray Andrés de Castro (1557): versión paleográfica y analítica del vocabulario por Doris Bartholomew: vocabulario español-matlatzinca de Roberto Escalante y Marciano Hernández (circa 1973). Textos de Yolanda Lastra, Etna T. Pascacio y Leopoldo Valiñas. México: UNAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas, 2017. 394 p. This volume includes two dictionaries of the Matlatzinca language of central Mexico, which is part of the Otomanguean language family. The fi rst dictionary is a transcription of the Franciscan friar Andres de Castro’s 1557 Spanish-Matlatzinca dictionary. To produce his dictionary, Castro took a copy of Molina’s 1555 SpanishNahuatl dictionary and added Matlatzinca equivalencies to the Nahuatl ones. The second, much shorter dictionary published here deals with contemporary Matlatzinca. It was produced by native Matlatzinca speaker Marciano Hernández and INAH researcher Roberto Escalante.

70

72

69

Brylak, Agnieszka. Hurtling off a precipice, falling into a river: a Nahuatl metaphor and the Christian concept of sin. (Ethnohistory, 66:3, July 2019, p. 489–513) Franciscan missionaries among the early colonial Nahuas adopted Nahuatllanguage terms and phrases to render Chris-

Christensen, Mark Z. and Matthew Restall. Return to Ixil: Maya society in an eighteenth-century Yucatec town. Louisville: University Press of Colorado, 2019. 302 p.: bibl., index. This book examines a corpus of Native-language testaments from the Maya town of Ixil in the Yucatán peninsula. The

History: Ethnohistory: Mesoamerica / 27 testaments come from the 18th century and span a period of more than 40 years. The authors uphold New Philology tradition by including their careful transcriptions of all of these testaments and an Englishlanguage translation in this volume. But they have also included a social history of the town of Ixil based on their analysis of them. The testaments reveal a wealth of information, ranging from Ixil’s participation in Yucatán’s pirate defense system, to the functioning of the local economy and government, to intimate glimpses of family and everyday life.

73

Códices. Coordinación de Xavier Noguez. Ciudad de México: Secretaría de Cultura, Dirección General de Publicaciones, 2017. 285 p.: bibl., ill. (Historia ilustrada de México) Well-organized and heavily illustrated, this is both an introduction to the history of Mesoamerican graphic literacy as well as a summary of our current knowledge regarding the content and provenance of its most important exemplars. Helpfully, the contributors delineate the different traditions of painted writing that developed over the centuries, addressing each one in turn: Mayan script, the important “Borgia Group” reflecting preconquest religious beliefs, the distinct historiographical traditions of Oaxaca and the Mixteca, and the pictorial texts produced in colonial-era Michoacán and central Mexico. Thus the authors treat Mesoamerica as a land of books and literacy, while also revealing the diversity of its different traditions of pictorial writing across time and ethnolinguistic region.

74

Los códices mesoamericanos: registros de religión, política y sociedad. Coordinación de Miguel Ángel Ruz Barrio y Juan José Batalla Rosado. Zinacantepec, Mexico: El Colegio Mexiquense, 2016. 342 p.: bibl., ill. The essays in this collection are all focused on the codices of central Mexico, which the editors righty assert are some of the best sources for the study of prehispanic and colonial Indigenous history. The volume is divided into three parts. The fi rst section contains four essays that explore various aspects of the graphic communication sys-

tem employed by the codices. The second section contains three essays addressing Native cosmology and religion as expressed in the codices. And the third section has five essays that use the codices to elucidate various facets of Indigenous politics, society, and/or economy.

75

Contreras Reynoso, José Daniel. Una rebelión indígena en el partido de Totonicapán en 1820: el indio y la independencia. Ciudad de Guatemala: Editorial Universitaria, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, 2016. 106 p.: bibl. This is a new edition of Contreras’ original 1951 study (see HLAS 17:1705) of an 1820 rebellion among the K’iche’ Maya of the western Guatemalan province of Totonicapán. In that year, Atanasio Tzul led an uprising against attempts by the Spanish Crown to reassert authority following the Napoleonic Wars, declaring himself the king of a new, independent country. When originally published, the book led to reconsiderations of the nature and origins of Guatemalan independence, elevating Tzul as a national patriotic hero. Today’s readers will appreciate Contreras’ research into the Guatemalan archives, demonstrating the political sophistication of Tzul and his followers, who were informed about and responsive to transatlantic happenings while also striving to maintain local autonomy vis-à-vis Guatemala’s Creole elites.

76

Costilla Martínez, Héctor Alejandro and Francisco Ramírez Santacruz. Historia adoptada, historia adaptada: la crónica mestiza del México colonial. Madrid: Iberoamericana; Frankfurt am Main: Vervuert, 2019. 127 p.: bibl., ill. (some color). (Parecos y australes: ensayos de cultura de la colonia; 24) In this work, the authors offer new interpretations of the writings of the influential Novohispanic historians Diego Muñoz Camargo, Hernando Alvarado Tezozomoc, Domingo Chimalpahin, Juan de Pomar, and Fernando de Alva Ixtlilxochitl. Together, these Indigenous and mestizo chroniclers produced arguably the most influential and important alphabetic accounts of preconquest Mexico. By carefully contextualizing and unpacking these “mestizo chronicles,” Costilla and Ramírez highlight the par-

28 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 ticular ways, subtle and creative, that their authors adapted Native memories and texts to advance their own agendas as well as comply with contemporary political and ideological imperatives. In this way, they “invented” a new literary discourse, one that would eventually provide an essential basis for New Spain’s emergent Creole identity and its powerful heir, modern Mexican nationalism. For colonial literature specialist’s comment, see item 1210.

77

Crewe, Ryan Dominic. The Mexican mission: Indigenous reconstruction and mendicant enterprise in New Spain, 1521–1600. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2019. 324 p. (Cambridge Latin American studies) This work updates our understanding of the “spiritual conquest” of Mexico in the 16th century. It is a sweeping account of the fractious political, economic, and social interactions between and among Native and Spanish interests that encouraged the construction of the great missions of the era. Beyond sincere religious zeal, the missions also reflected Indigenous labor organized by native governors facing economic upheavals and rivalries exacerbated by postconquest epidemics and disputes between Spanish religious orders over access to Native souls and wealth. By fleshing out the all-tooworldly dimensions of Mexico’s religious transformation, Crewe disenchants the spiritual conquest while highlighting Indigenous contributions to the construction of one of the most iconic and influential emblems of the colonial world.

78

De Teotihuacán a los aztecas: antología de fuentes e interpretaciones históricas. Introducción, selección, notas y apéndice de Miguel León-Portilla. Tercera edición corregida. Ciudad de México: UNAM, 2017. 712 p.: bibl., ill. (Lecturas universitarias; 11) This is a sweeping overview of three discrete cycles of civilization in central Mexico across a millennium, from the dominion of Teotihuacán to the age of the Toltecas to the rise of the Aztecs. The anthology packages much accumulated knowledge about the social, economic, religious, and cultural characteristics of each epoch by pairing excerpts from primary sources

and colonial-era chronicles with some of their most influential scholarly interpretations across the centuries, such as those of Bartolomé de Las Casas, Alexander von Humboldt, and Alfredo López Austin. For those seeking more detail and depth, this updated and corrected third edition includes an appendix highlighting the richest repositories of primary and secondary information about Mesoamerica, from archives to bibliographies to online resources. The fi rst two editions were published in 1971 (see HLAS 34:1079) and 1983.

79

Declercq, Stan. “Siempre peleaban sin razón”: la guerra florida como construcción social indígena. (Estud. Cult. Náhuatl, 59, enero/junio 2020, p. 97–130) The late postclassic “flowery wars” (xochiyaoyotl in Nahuatl), especially those between the Triple Alliance and the Tlaxcalteca, have remained somewhat mysterious for modern scholars. Sixteenth-century sources describe them as having been organized for the purposes of obtaining captives for ritual sacrifice and consumption. Modern scholars have argued for decades, however, that they had more than mere ritual significance. Here, Declercq argues that the flowery wars can also be explained as a way of establishing social connections and “virtual kinship” between groups that would not have intermarried or otherwise been in sustained direct social contact.

80

Dehouve, Danièle. La realeza sagrada en México (siglos XVI-XXI). Ciudad de México: Secretaría de Cultura, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia; Zamora, Mexico: El Colegio de Michoacán; Ciudad de México: CEMCA, 2016. 354 p.: bibl., index, maps. (Colección Investigaciones) This is a heavily researched and methodologically precise historical anthropology of “sacred kingship” in Mesoamerica—the belief that legitimate political power reflects, derives from, or ultimately aligns with divine intentions. By way of a meticulous structuralist analysis of prehispanic ceremonies of political ascension as described in colonial-era codices and chronicles, the author highlights resonances and similarities with modern-day practices observed among Nahua communities in today’s state of Guerrero. In this way, she

History: Ethnohistory: Mesoamerica / 29 challenges the assumption that sacred kingship disappeared following the Spanish conquest, suggests new ways of understanding the foundations of political authority and succession in Mesoamerican communities, and offers new data bearing on anthropological theories about sacred authority and the links between politics and religion more generally.

81

Diel, Lori Boornazian. The Codex Mexicanus: a guide to life in late sixteenth-century New Spain. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2018. 216 p.: bibl., ill., index. The Codex Mexicanus is a pictorial text produced by Mexico City Nahuas in the late 16th century. It comprises seemingly disparate parts: calendrics, astrology, genealogy, and annals history. But Diel demonstrates the codex is similar to documents in the Spanish almanac tradition known as repertorios de los tiempos. The Codex Mexicanus, then, is a Nahua version of a repertorio, one that incorporates both Nahua and European knowledge and serves as a guide to Nahua life in late 16th-century Mexico. Diel’s book is the defi nitive study of the Codex Mexicanus; she provides a detailed pictorial analysis of the full manuscript, carefully situates it in its 16th-century historical context, and adds to our understanding of early colonial Nahua systems of knowledge.

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Ethnohistory. Vol. 66, No. 4, 2019. Special Issue: Mesoamerican experiences of illness and healing. Edited by Rebecca Dufendach. Durham, N.C.: American Society for Ethnohistory; Duke University Press. This special issue of the journal Ethnohistory is devoted to Mesoamerican medicine, health, and healing. The five articles in this issue examine wide-ranging topics related to this theme, including 16thcentury Nahua ways of describing sickness, Maya thinking about human bone over the longue durée, and Maya and Nahua birth rituals and midwifery practices from the classic period to the present. This issue also includes an article by a contemporary Nahuatl speaker, detailing her 21st-century experience of poor health and healing within her community.

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Ethnohistory. Vol. 67, No. 3, 2020. Special Issue: Birds and feathers in the ancient and colonial Mesoamerican world. Edited by Allison Caplan and Lisa Sousa. Durham, N.C.: American Society for Ethnohistory; Duke University Press. This special issue of the journal Ethnohistory is devoted to prehispanic and colonial Mesoamerican knowledge of birds and feathers, which was extensive, and which pervaded such diverse realms of Indigenous thought as philosophy, religion, economics, the arts, and knowledge of the natural world. The six articles in this issue present new research from scholars in a variety of disciplines, including biology, art history, and history, to highlight the important role played by birds—both symbolic and real—in precontact and colonial Mesoamerican societies.

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Evangelización, educación y cultura en Tezcoco: siglos XVI al XVIII. Edición de Javier Eduardo Ramírez López. Colaboración de Ascensión Hernández Triviño et al. Presentación de Juan Manuel Mancilla Sánchez. Introducción de Nuria Salazar Simarro. Texcoco de Mora, Mexico: Diócesis de Texcoco: Centro de Estudios Históricos y Sociales de Texcoco “Lorenzo Boturini Benaduci”, 2017. 175 p.: bibl., fascimiles, ill., map, table. (Biblioteca texcocana; 2) This volume derives from a 2013 colloquium organized by the bishop of Texcoco and the Centro de Estudios Históricos y Sociales de Texcoco marking the 490th anniversary of the arrival of the important early missionary Pedro de Gante, who resided and taught for a time in Texcoco. The collection features essays by a panel of experts in Mexican colonial intellectual and literary history, with an emphasis on Texcoco’s role as an important locus of Franciscan evangelical activity, which built upon its preconquest renown as a center of learning and erudition within the Nahua world. Together, the authors highlight how Franciscan educational efforts intersected with Texcoca history and genealogy to produce one of New Spain’s most distinct intellectual and religious cultures.

85

Florescano, Enrique. ¿Cómo se hace un dios?: creación y recreación de los dioses en Mesoamérica. Ciudad de México:

30 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Taurus: Penguin Random House Grupo, 2016. 400 p.: bibl., ill., maps. In this elaborate and detailed study, Enrique Florescano returns to the grand topic of Mesoamerican myths and belief systems, this time building from new research in anthropology, art history, and archeology. In his signature style, he applies an intricate structural analysis to diverse archeological remains, painted manuscripts, and alphabetic texts to reveal homologous characteristics of the divine across many discrete societies from the formative period to the postclassic. The result is a genealogy and history of the gods: their origins, their evolution, and their various guises in different times and places. Florescano emphasizes the links between Mesoamerican cosmogony, the lives of the gods, and the life cycle of the maize stalk that is the fundamental sustenance of the region.

86

Forde, Jamie E. Broken flowers: Christian spolia in a colonial Mixtec household. (Colon. Lat. Am. Rev., 29:2, 2020, p. 195–222, bibl., facsims., maps, photos) Many Christian churches in colonial Mexico incorporated decorated carved stones from the prehispanic period into their façades. Spanish authorities and clerics saw the inclusion of these older stones, called “spolia,” as a way of publicly displaying the Christian victory over prehispanic pagan religious practice. Forde argues, however, that Native peoples did not necessarily view spolia as iconoclastic in the same way that the Spaniards did. The author examines a case in which a Mixtec family incorporated Christian spolia into their residence to demonstrate that the older embedded carved stones functioned to imbue the newer architecture with a sacred presence and power. The presence of the spolia did not, in the minds of the Indigenous residents, indicate that the power of older buildings from which the spolia were taken had been defeated.

87

García Loaeza, Pablo. The transcoding of the Codex Xolotl in Don Fernando de Alva Ixtlilxochitl’s Historia de la nación chichimeca. (Ethnohistory, 66:1, Jan. 2019, p. 71–94)

This article examines the work of early 17th-century Novohispanic author don Fernando de Alva Ixtlilxóchitl. Alva Ixtlilxóchitl produced several alphabetic texts related to the prehispanic history of central Mexican peoples, and much of the information contained in these alphabetic texts was taken from an older pictorial text known as the Codex Xolotl. Here, García Loaeza examines Alva Ixtlilxóchitl’s process of transcoding the pictorial codex into an alphabetic text—the choices he made in his interpretation of the pictorial texts, in his development of overarching themes, and in his storytelling style—and emphasizes Alva Ixtlilxóchitl’s achievement as a narrative author.

88

García Sánchez, Magdalena A. Los que se quedan: familias y testamentos en Ocotelulco, Tlaxcala, 1572–1673. Zamora, Mexico: El Colegio de Michoacán, 2015. 443 p.: bibl., ill., indexes, maps. (Colección Investigaciones) This is a broad and multidisciplinary reconstruction of the social, economic, and cultural lifeways of a handful of colonial-era Nahua communities by way of a systematic analysis of an intact corpus of 48 Nahuatllanguage testaments across a century. The author uses well-established ethnohistorical methodologies, such as philology and genealogy, to draw out a wealth of information about the inhabitants of colonial Ocotelulco and their lives. Meanwhile, structural comparisons with preconquest Tlaxcala and erudite interpretations of the form and content of the testaments themselves highlight evidence of both cultural change and persistence under Spanish rule. The volume reconfi rms the great value of testaments— particularly those written in Native languages—for the study of Indigenous peoples in Spanish America.

89

García Soormally, Mina. Idolatry and the construction of the Spanish empire. Boulder: University Press of Colorado, 2018. 220 p.: bibl., index. García Soormally, a literary scholar, explores in this book the definitions and characteristics of idolatry in the 16th and 17th centuries. She is specifically interested in the links between Spaniards’ experiences

History: Ethnohistory: Mesoamerica / 31 with Jews and Muslims in Iberia and their experiences with Native peoples in New Spain. She draws primarily from published sources, including religious plays, chronicles, legislation, literature, and a handful of Inquisition trial records from Mexico. Her comparative study concludes that not only did the reconquest of Iberia influence idolatry extirpation in the Americas, but subsequent experiences with native peoples in the Americas also shaped ideas of idolatry back in Spain.

90

Haskell, David Louis. The two Taríacuris and the early colonial and pre-hispanic past of Michoacán. Boulder: University Press of Colorado, 2018. 263 p.: bibl., index. Haskell’s book examines a portion of the Relación de Michoacán known as the “chief priest’s narrative.” This narrative is a history of the Uacúsecha lineage that ruled the Tarascan kingdom of west-central Mexico before the arrival of Spaniards. Haskell’s analysis of the logic and “guiding principles” of the priest’s speech suggests that the priest is far from an objective observer of the past. Instead, the author asserts that the priest has carefully crafted the narrative to serve the political ambitions of a colonial-era descendant of the prehispanic Uacúsecha and to maintain the Uacúsecha lineage in power. The priest, he argues, actively shaped his telling of the past to meet the needs of the present and future.

91

Indigenous graphic communication systems: a theoretical approach. Edited by Katarzyna Mikulska and Jerome A. Offner. Louisville: University Press of Colorado, 2018. 393 p.: bibl., index. This collection of essays is one of the most international in recent years, comprising work by scholars based in Mexico, the US, France, Poland, Spain, and Germany. Together, they explore the question of how Indigenous graphic communications systems in the Americas worked. Some authors are interested in contributing to a theoretical discussion of this topic, while others are engaged in fi ne-grained analysis of particular examples. The overwhelming majority of the essays are focused on Mesoamerica, but two deal with the Andes and one explores rock art in Mexico’s northern deserts.

92

Jeffres, Travis. “In case I die where I am selected to be sent”: coercion and the Tlaxcalan resettlement of 1591. (Ethnohistory, 66:1, Jan. 2019, p. 95–116, bibl.) In 1591, hundreds of Tlaxcalteca families relocated to the north as part of the viceroy’s efforts to consolidate Spanish control over long-violent borderlands. The episode is often cited as further evidence of Tlaxcala’s special fame as Spain’s most loyal and reliable Native ally. This article, however, examines contemporary Nahuatl-language documents to reveal such a notion to be colonial and Hispanocentric propaganda. Far from a volunteer action undertaken by eager and loyal subjects in return for privileges and prestige, Tlaxcalteca across the social spectrum, commoners and nobles alike, fiercely resisted the plan, only to be threatened with imprisonment by the viceroy. Rather than an example of Tlaxcala’s loyalty, the episode should be remembered as evidence of its decline and powerlessness.

93

Johansson K., Patrick. Las trecenas del tonalpohualli y las veintenas del cempoallapohualli en el Códice Mexicanus. (Estud. Cult. Náhuatl, 58, julio/dic. 2019, p. 185–222) This article returns to the perennial interest in Mexica calendrics. The author seeks to illuminate the mathematical relationship between the 260-day tonalpohualli (the count of days, divided into 20 trecenas of 13 days each) and the cempoallapohualli (the count of veintenas, or months consisting of 20 days each). Sections of the Codex Mexicanus, a late 16th-century text from Mexico City, seem to explicitly link the two counts by indicating the tonalpohualli days that coincided with the feasts associated with the veintenas. The author highlights the calendric content of the Codex Mexicanus and explains it by reference to what is known about central Mexican timecounting systems. This enables inferences about when, precisely, the calendars of the codex were produced.

94

Ledesma Ibarra, Carlos Alfonso and Raymundo César García Martínez. Águilas y jaguares: testimonios de la formación educativa de los antiguos nahuas. Traducción de Luis Cejudo Espinosa. Edi-

32 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 ción bilingüe = Bilingual edition. Toluca, Mexico: Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México 2017. 208 p.: bibl., facsims., ill (some color), color maps. This is a succinct analysis of prehispanic education among the Nahuas. Its fi ndings are based largely on two texts, the Florentine Codex and the Codex Mendoza. In fact, the majority of the work is devoted to transcriptions of the Spanish-language texts of these two sources. Facsimiles of many of the illustrations from the Florentine Codex are also reproduced here, as are all of the transcribed folios from the Codex Mendoza, and all in full color. An English translation of the entire work appears at the end of the book.

95

León Portilla, Miguel. Humanistas de Mesoamérica. Segunda edición. Ciudad de México: Fondo de Cultura Económica: El Colegio Nacional: UNAM, 2017. 405 p.: bibl., ill. (Sección de obras de antropología) In this second edition, the late Miguel León-Portilla once again succinctly packages our knowledge of Mesoamerica for a broad audience. Like the rest of LeónPortilla’s massive catalog, the book conceives of “Mesoamerica” as a living cultural tradition that originated with the ancient Native civilizations and survives today among those Mexican poets, intellectuals, and cultural and political leaders dedicated to studying them appreciatively. In this work, the author successively examines the greatest individual exemplars of this tradition, from the Tetzcocan poet-king Nezahualcóyotl (1402–72) to the eminent art historian Beatríz de la Fuente (1929–2005). Ultimately, it is an intellectual biography of the people most responsible for creating and preserving the wisdom and memory of Mesoamerica over 600 years.

96

León Portilla, Miguel. Nezahualcóyotl: arquitecto, fi lósofo y poeta. Toluca de Lerdo, Mexico: FOEM, Fondo Editorial del Estado de México, 2016. 130 p.: bibl., ill., map. (Colección mayor. Patrimonio natural y cultural) This is a biography of Nezahualcóyotl, the famed prehispanic Nahua ruler of Tetzcoco and founding member of the Triple Alliance (more commonly referred

to as the Aztec Empire). The author, the late Miguel León-Portilla, was Mexico’s most well-known scholar of the prehispanic Nahuas, and he drew from a variety of Nahua sources—pictorial codices, poetry, and archeological remains—to provide an overview of Nezahualcóyotl’s life and work. The book is aimed at a nonspecialist reader, and all of the many pictorial sources and other illustrations are rendered beautifully in full color.

97

Lo múltiple y lo singular: diversidad de perspectivas en las crónicas de la Nueva España. Coordinación de Luis Barjau y Clementina Battcock. Ciudad de México: Secretaría de Cultura, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, 2018. 222 p.: bibl., ill., maps. (Colección Historia. Serie Logos) This collection of essays examines the literary production of Mesoamerican history. Centering on the creation and afterlives of the great chronicles of prehispanic and conquest-era history produced in early New Spain, from Cortés and Díaz to Tezozomoc and Chimalpahin, the volume highlights their historical contexts, their models and contemporary messages, the influence of later editions on historical imagining, and their particular rhetorical and literary strategies and techniques. Together, they illustrate the bewildering diversity of overlapping perspectives that flourished in the decades following the Spanish conquest, in which conquerors, settlers, clerics, Native leaders, and people of mixed heritage all grappled with the past, reading and integrating each other’s ideas and words, while adding details and interpretations of their own. Lovell, W. George. Presidential address: a rainbow of Spanish illusions: research frontiers in colonial Guatemala. See HLAS 75:469.

98

Magaloni Kerpel, Diana. Albores de la conquista: la historia pintada del Códice florentino. Ciudad de México: Artes de México y del Mundo: Secretaría de Cultura, Dirección General de Publicaciones, 2016. 302 p.: bibl., ill., map. (Colección Destiempo) This heavily illustrated volume draws together Nahua ethnohistory and art history to offer a new interpretation of the conquest of Mexico as encoded within the

History: Ethnohistory: Mesoamerica / 33 painted imagery of Book XII of the Florentine Codex, the 16th-century encyclopedia of Nahua life, culture, and history by Indigenous scholars working under the auspices of Franciscan friars. The author highlights how the images of Book XII reflect ideas present in other Nahua painted manuscripts. This approach reveals it as a hybrid work combining the Franciscans’ Christian providentialism with the Mesoamerican belief in the determinative historical agency of supernatural forces. By privileging images over text, the book effectively “gives voice” to an important Indigenous perspective of the conquest that had lain silent for five centuries.

99

Marín, Isabel. Descendientes de conquistadores y primeros pobladores con nombramiento de alcaldes mayores de Michoacán 1584–1603. Ciudad de México: Editorial Morevalladolid, 2017. 127 p.: bibl., maps. This work is a study of the rather exclusive group of men—there are only five of them—who were both descended from conquistadors or primeros pobladores (“fi rst settlers”) and also appointed alcades mayores of Michoacán. The three chapters of this trim work examine the prehispanickingdom-turned-alcaldía-mayor of Michoacán, alcalde mayor appointments as part of a larger royal governing strategy in New Spain, and the lives of the five alcaldes mayores themselves. One of the five is the grandson of Montezuma’s daughter doña Leonor. Martínez Martínez, María del Carmen. Bernal Díaz del Castillo: memoria, invención y olvido. See item 500.

100

Matsumoto, Mallory. Land, politics, and memory in five Nija’ib’ K’iche’ títulos: “The title and proof of our ancestors.” Boulder: University Press of Colorado, 2017. 423 p.: bibl. The título —a colonial-era document produced by Native communities across Mesoamerica—is a genre that defies simple defi nition. They were, in a sense, legal claims to territory or position, but they were sometimes also historical or mythic or even ethnographic. Here, Matsumoto presents and analyzes five 16th-century títulos (four written in K’iche’, one in Spanish) from the

Nija’ib’ group of K’iche’ Maya from highland Guatemala, a corpus that is now part of the Garrett-Gates Mesoamerican Manuscript no. 101 held at the Princeton University Library. More than 70 percent of the book is devoted to the títulos themselves: facsimiles of the manuscript folios, transcriptions, morphological analysis, and facing-page translations into English. The remaining 30 percent provides linguistic and ethnohistorical context.

101

McDonough, Kelly S. Indigenous technologies in the 1577 Relaciones geográficas of New Spain: collective land memory, natural resources, and herbal medicine. (Ethnohistory, 66:3, July 2019, p. 465–487) The Relaciones geográficas (RGs) are a set of documents created in Spanish America as responses to a 1577 questionnaire from the Spanish Crown. The Crown’s questionnaire asked respondents—many of whom either were Indigenous people themselves or had consulted Indigenous community members—to consider a variety of topics from a local perspective, including history, culture, and the physical world. McDonough uses the RGs from New Spain’s Archdiocese of Mexico as sources to understand Indigenous “technologies,” defi ned as their systems of knowledges, practices, beliefs, and products. She highlights three of these technologies apparent in the RGs: land memory, natural resources, and herbal medicines.

102

Mentz, Brígida von. Señoríos indígenas y reales de minas en el norte de Guerrero y comarcas vecinas: etnicidad, minería y comercio: temas de historia económica y social del periodo clásico al siglo XVIII. Ciudad de México: Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social: Juan Pablos Editor, 2017. 583 p., 8 pages of plates: bibl., ill. (chiefly color), index, maps. This ambitious study is a collection of 14 discrete essay-chapters and a unifying conclusion that collectively examines the intersections between Native cultures and politics, mining, and commerce in the silver-producing region centered around the iconic town of Taxco. Its stated goal is to provide a panoramic view of how

34 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Indigenous sociopolitical organization and inter-ethnic relations, colonial ideologies and coercive labor regimes, and the rise of early modern globalization all interacted in the development of the diverse and stratified society that emerged by the 18th century. To achieve this, the author unites a wideranging and eclectic set of sources, from ethnohistorical texts and archeology, to colonial legal and administrative records and Inquisition cases, to studies of the global silver trade.

its historical context and the concerns of its author(s), the portrayals of Indians found therein, positive and negative, varied widely both between and within genres, resulting in many confl icting, even contradictory representations. The contributors call on us to recognize and reconsider the relationship between representation and stereotyping, wherein the act of observing and describing Others involves the construction, reproduction, and communication of artificial essences.

103

105

Morales Damián, Manuel Alberto. Instrumentos para ver: pinturaescritura y sociedad en los códices mayas. (in Culturas visuales en México. Coordinación de Manuel Alberto Morales Damián. Ciudad de México: Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, 2017, p. 87–142, bibl., ill. photos) Very few documents—perhaps only three or four—from the Maya region date to before the arrival of Europeans. These documents, known as codices, were written using the precontact Maya system of glyphs. This chapter provides an overview of the three codices, known as the Paris, Madrid, and Dresden Codices, that are universally acknowledged as having been written in the prehispanic period. The author examines both the codices themselves—how they are arranged and structured, their glyphic system, their narrative content—as well as the social aspects of their production and their use by the precontact Maya.

104

Mudables representaciones: el indio en la Nueva España a través de crónicas, impresos y manuscritos. Coordinación de Clementina Battcock y Berenise Bravo Rubio. Ciudad de México: Secretaría de Cultura: Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, 2017. 208 p.: bibl., ill., maps. (Científica) (Colección Historia. Serie Memorias) This collection of essays examines representations of Mexico’s Indigenous peoples in diverse colonial-era texts, from narrative chronicles to catechetical works, and from wills to municipal documentation to missionary communications in both Castilian and Nahuatl. Together, they illustrate how Native people in colonial Mexico were continuously defi ned and redefi ned through texts. As each individual text reflected both

Mundy, Barbara E. The emergence of alphabetic writing: tlacuiloh and escribano in sixteenth-century Mexico. (Americas/Washington, 77:3, 2020, p. 361–407) The vast archive of colonial-era documents in alphabetic Nahuatl, unmatched elsewhere in the Americas, is crucial to Mesoamerican ethnohistory. Barbara Mundy’s important study highlights the 16th-century emergence—or “invention”— of that archive’s creator, the Indigenous escribano (scribe), and his historic relation to the Nahua tlacuiloh (painter of records). Mundy analyzes the content, artistry, and balance of hybrid pictographic-alphabetic texts produced by the cabildo of Tenochtitlán between the 1550s and 1570s. The escribano, skilled in the new alphabetic technology, originally followed and assisted the traditionally trained tlacuiloh in accommodating the bureaucratic requirements of the colonial regime. By the late 1570s, however, disease, economic upheaval, and the viceregal appropriation of Indigenous justice had devalued the tlacuiloh’s craft, while the escribano remained critically necessary.

106

Origen de la santísima cruz de milagros de la ciudad de Querétaro. Edición de David Wright. Madrid: Iberoamericana; Frankfurt am Main: Vervuert, 2017. 143 p.: bibl. (El paraíso en el Nuevo Mundo; 3) The miraculous stone cross of Querétaro has long been revered for its prominent role in the legendary account of the city’s founding, in which its airy apparition inspired local Native groups to throw down their weapons and accede peacefully to a Spanish-aligned contingent during a 1531 confrontation. The tradition, promoted

History: Ethnohistory: Mesoamerica / 35 heavily by local Franciscans during the 18th century, derives largely from the account of an Otomí war captain who purportedly witnessed the miracle. David Wright, who specializes in publishing primary source collections from early Querétaro, offers both a new transcription and a modernized version of the oldest known copy of the account, a 1717 manuscript held today in a Franciscan archive in Rome.

(Purépecha) peoples of western Mexico— their lands, their towns, their society, their economy—from the 15th to the 19th century. The narrative, while sweeping, is nonetheless effectively assisted by illustrative anecdotes, glossy color illustrations and photographs, maps, and snippets of primary sources on every page. The book includes a well-curated appendix of primary texts.

109 107

Pardo, Osvaldo F. The ethnologist’s kitchen: Lewis Henry Morgan and the Aztecs. (J. Lat. Am. Cult. Stud., 26:1, March 2017, p. 11–30, bibl.) This article analyzes a scholarly polemic from the 19th-century US over the proper framework by which to understand the preconquest Nahuas. Centering on Lewis Henry Morgan’s criticisms of William H. Prescott and Hubert Howe Bancroft, and the efforts of Adolph Bandelier, Morgan’s protégé, to locate the Aztecs within his grand ethnology of Native America, the author showcases how disagreements over the source record of ancient Mesoamerica played a role in the epistemological formation of modern social science. Ultimately, the author argues that Morgan’s subtextual and contextual approach to written and material sources anticipated the modern mode of anthropological inquiry in which a human society is “read” and interpreted by those equipped with the requisite sources and theoretical tool sets.

108

Paredes Martínez, Carlos S. Al tañer de las campanas: los pueblos indígenas del antiguo Michoacán en la época colonial. Ciudad de México: CIESAS: CDI, Comisión Nacional para el Desarrollo de los Pueblos Indígenas, 2017. 420 p.: bibl., ill., maps. (Historía de los pueblos indígenas de México) This wide-ranging and accessible text, supported by Mexico’s Comisión Nacional para el Desarrollo de los Pueblos Indígenas, synthesizes 70 years of scholarship on the colonial Indigenous history of Michoacán for a broad audience. Bridging and uniting ethnohistory, anthropology, linguistics, and archeology, it purports to provide a reasonably straightforward overview of consensus knowledge. As such, it can be considered an introduction to the history of the Tarascan

Piedras y papeles: vestigios del pasado: temas de arqueología y etnohistoria de Mesoamérica. Coordinación de Raymundo César Martínez García y Miguel Angel Ruz Barrio. Zinacantepec, Mexico: El Colegio Mexiquense, 2017. 286 p.: bibl., ill., maps. This collection of essays is designed to emphasize the diverse materials—“rocks and papers”—that serve as sources for the Indigenous history of prehispanic and colonial Mesoamerica. Most of the nine essays deal with mid-16th century manuscripts (both alphabetic and pictorial), but two essays examine archeological evidence from the preclassic and classic periods, while another two examine late colonial manuscripts known as Techialoyans. The volume is intended to appeal both to specialists and to the general reader.

110

Las pinturas realistas de Tetitla, Teotihuacan: estudios a través de la obra de Agustín Villagra Caleti. Coordinación de Leticia Staines Cicero y Christophe Helmke. Ciudad de México: Secretaría de Cultura, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (INAH): UNAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas, 2017. 199 p.: bibl., ill. (Científica) In the 1940s, INAH excavated hundreds of polychrome mural fragments from the architectural compound of Tetitla at Teotihuacán. In 1952, it commissioned Agustín Villagra to catalog and provide artistic renderings of these fragments. Villagra prepared his catalog for publication, compiling his drawings into 102 plates, organized into 2 volumes, but the publication never materialized. This volume by Staines and Helmke attempts to rectify the situation by reproducing for the fi rst time and in full color 58 of Villagra’s 102 plates. These beautiful plates are accompanied by essays that not only situate Villagra’s work in the

36 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 context of INAH’s archeological work at Teotihuacán in the early 20th century, but also offer iconographic and epigraphic analysis of these incredibly important sources for understanding classic period Teotihuacán culture and society and its links to the Maya region.

111

Por los senderos de un tlamatini: homenaje a Joaquín Galarza. Coordinación de Luz María Mohar Betancourt. Ciudad de México: CIESAS, 2017. 287 p.: bibl., ill., color portrait. (Publicaciones de la Casa Chata) This volume of essays represents some of the latest research by Mexican scholars on many of the Mexican Indigenous pictorial documents housed in the Bibliothèque national de France. It also includes a tribute to noted Mexican anthropologist Dr. Joaquín Galarza, ethnographer and scholar of the Nahautl language and Native pictorial texts. The pictorials under study in this volume range from relatively early documents such as the Codex Xolotl to relatively late documents such as the Techiayolans, from relatively mundane texts produced as evidence in lawsuits to more self-conscious historical projects such as the Historia Tolteca-Chichimeca, from tribute lists to pictorial catechisms.

112

Rajagopalan, Angela Herren. Portraying the Aztec past: the Codices Boturini, Azcatitlan, and Aubin. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2019. 198 p.: bibl., ill., index, map. (Recovering languages and literacies of the Americas) This heavily illustrated book adds to the series, published by the University of Texas Press, that applies the tools of art history to offer deep expositions of specific painted manuscripts within the Mesoamerican tradition. The author examines the materiality, medium, content, and circumstances of production of three discrete painted histories of the Mexica and their ancestors from the 16th century that, while offering similar accounts of the past, nonetheless differ in revealing ways. This methodology enables her to “translate” the painted images; highlight the distinct ethnic, political, and ideological objectives behind each text; and infer information about authorship. Altogether, she contem-

plates how and why Native artist-historians sought to relay information about the prehispanic past under the Hispano-Catholic colonial regime.

113

Reyes Morales, Erik Damián and José Rubén Romero Galván. Aztlan, Teocolhuacan, el inicio de una migración y el fi n de una Triple Alianza: tiempos y lugares. (Estud. Cult. Náhuatl, 57, enero/junio 2019, p. 81–108) In this study, the authors reinterpret the famous migrations to which central Mexican Indigenous histories attribute the settlement of the basin of Mexico. Highlighting chronological and geographical clues from 16th-century sources based on Native knowledge, they juxtapose them with archeological evidence, primarily from the southern end of the basin near presentday Iztapalapa. Together, these suggest the rise of three dominant altepetls in that area prior to the 11th century, an original “Triple Alliance.” But these communities were rendered uninhabitable during a period of intense flooding lasting decades, sparking centuries of migrations. Ultimately, they argue that, ironically, the famous Aztlan, the original home of the Mexica, was, rather than far to the north, actually the island of Mexico itself. Rodriguez Loubet, François. San Luis Potosí y Gran Tunal en el Chichimecatlán del México antiguo: arqueología y etnohistoria. See HLAS 75:47.

114

Romero de Solís, José Miguel. Los pueblos de Colima en el siglo XVI. Colima, Mexico: Archivo Histórico del Municipio de Colima: Archivo de Letras, Artes, Ciencias y Tecnologías, AC.: Sociedad Defensora del Tesoro Artístico de México— Capítulo Colima: Puertabierta, Editores, 2016. 478 p.: bibl., ill., maps. This monograph examines the history of the pueblos of Colima in the 16th century. Drawing from 16th-century sources— censuses, visita records, and the Archivo de la Villa de Colima—the author traces the political history of the region and its administrative organization. The author devotes a substantial portion of the book to an index of all of the pueblos of Colima—very much in the style of Peter Gerhard’s series of historical geographies (see, for example, HLAS

History: Ethnohistory: Mesoamerica / 37 54:1162)—that includes the corresponding historical information for each pueblo drawn from the 16th-century sources.

notes, “played an important role in Mexica statecraft.”

117 115

Sánchez-Noriega Armengol, María de los Ángeles. Simbología, poder y política: el bastón de mando en Mesoamérica. México: UNAM; Facultad de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales, 2016. 255 p.: bibl., ill. This unique and wide-ranging study combines ethnohistory, anthropology, and political science to offer a novel interpretation of political power and legitimacy in Mexico’s Indigenous communities. The analysis centers on the rod of authority (bastón de mando) conventionally wielded by those holding official positions in municipal government. Exploring prehispanic artifacts, Mesoamerican codices, and colonial chronicles, the author links the rod to ancient religious beliefs about the divine origins and character of legitimate civic authority. She then traces the process by which contact with Christianity and the Spanish government led Native people to invest the rod with that same divine essence. In doing so, the object acquired a double significance integrating native concepts of divinity with modern politics of autonomy and local rule.

116

Schwaller, John Frederick. The fi fteenth month: Aztec history in the rituals of Panquetzaliztli. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2019. 251 p.: bibl., index. Panquetzaliztli was one of the months of the precontact Nahua xihuitl, or solar year. And while it was a central part of Nahua religious practice, Schwaller is concerned not with Nahua religion, per se, but with the historical and political implications of its rituals and ceremonies for the Mexica during the period of the Triple Alliance. By the time of the arrival of the Spaniards in 1519, the Mexica Panquetzaliztli was dedicated to their patron deity and god of war, Huitzilopochtli. But Schwaller, through careful reading of early colonial alphabetic and pictorial texts, demonstrates that Panquetzaliztli’s association with Huitzilopochtli was, in fact, a relatively new development and closely correlated with Mexica political ascendancy. The Mexica version of Panquetzaliztli, as Schwaller

Solari, Amara. Idolizing Mary: MayaCatholic icons in Yucatán, Mexico. University Park: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2019. 187 p.: bibl., ill. (some color), index, maps. Solari is interested in how the Maya understood, shaped, and practiced devotions to newly introduced Christian images in early colonial Yucatán. She takes as her case study the cult of Our Lady of Itzmal, a popular icon renowned for her healing abilities. The author fi nds that early colonial Marian cults were successful in part because the Maya approached icons such as Our Lady of Itzmal with their own existing beliefs about the sacredness of material objects. These beliefs, when placed into conversation with Franciscan missionary ideas of proper devotional practice, contributed to a distinctly Maya form of early modern Catholicism in Yucatán.

118

Suárez Castro, María de Guadalupe. El Chilam Balam de Tekax: análisis etnohistórico. Ciudad de México: Secretaría de Cultura, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Dirección de Etnohistoria, 2017. 367 p.: bibl., ill., maps. (Colección Etnohistoria. Serie Logos) The postconquest Yucatecan Maya manuscripts known as Chilam Balam are important sources for prehispanic Maya knowledge: ritual, calendrical, medicinal, historical, astrological, etc. They are not, however, prehispanic texts, and therefore also include much information that comes from the Western tradition. The text known as Chilam Balam de Tekax—written in Yucatecan Mayan using the Roman alphabet in the second half of the 19th century—is the subject of this volume. Its 14 surviving folios are today housed in Mexico’s Biblioteca Nacional de Antropología e Historia (BNAH), while Harvard’s library holds copies of four additional folios that are now missing from the original. This volume includes a complete transcription of these 18 folios; a “loose” translation into Spanish; and discussions of the manuscript’s history, physical characteristics, source materials, and idiosyncrasies vis-à-vis other Chilam Balam manuscripts. The appendix includes

38 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 a morphological analysis, while the accompanying compact disc contains digital reproductions of both the BNAH and Harvard manuscripts.

119

Substance and seduction: ingested commodities in early modern Mesoamerica. Edited by Stacey Schwartzkopf and Kathryn E. Sampeck. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2017. 220 p.: bibl., ill., index, maps. This collection of essays examines a number of substances—sugar, rum, chocolate, tobacco, pulque, peyote, and mushrooms—that were ingested in colonial Mesoamerica for pleasure. Specifically, the authors examine how individual pleasures of consumption were shaped by social, cultural, economic, and political constraints. The volume contributes to the literature on the history of commodities by placing these various Mesoamerican substances into dialogue with one another and by connecting them to consumption in the wider Atlantic world.

120

Szoblik, Katarzyna. Traces of Aztec cultural memory in sixteenthcentury songs and chronicles: the case of Tlacahuepan. (Americas/Washington, 77:4, 2020, p. 513–537) This article highlights recurring invocations of one or more heroic warriors named Tlacahuepan in 16th-century Nahuatl historical representations as a means of illuminating the ways that Nahuas orally and ritualistically preserved cultural memories during the early colonial era. Proceeding from theories about cultural memory and analyses of Nahua poetic imagery, Szoblik reveals thematic and ideological links between different heroes named Tlacahuepan, one from the 11th-century Toltec era, one from the 15th-century Mexica era, and another from the early 16th century. The article then lists and explains the metaphors and tropes inherent in these representations and interprets Tlacahuepan as an example of the Nahuas’ cyclical understanding of time and history.

121

Townsend, Camilla. Annals of Native America: how the Nahuas of colonial Mexico kept their history alive. New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, 2017. 318 p.: bibl., ill., index, map.

Due to her expertise in classical written Nahuatl, Camilla Townsend is an effective translator and disseminator of the knowledge of the colonial Nahuas. This book examines central Mexican Nahuatl historiography produced in the 16th and 17th centuries. Proceeding from both endogenous and exogenous evidence, Townsend identifies the probable authors of the texts, translates sizeable excerpts, and contextualizes them within the appropriate place, time, and intellectual and cultural milieu. This enables her to trace and illuminate Nahua historical writing from the era of conquest and demographic collapse in the 16th century to later efforts at revitalization and recovery. The result is an essential aid and reference for scholars who hope to address this invaluable historiographical corpus with understanding and empathy.

122

Truitt, Jonathan G. Sustaining the divine in Mexico Tenochtitlan: Nahuas and Catholicism, 1523–1700. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press; Mission San Luis Rey, Oceanside, Calif.: The Academy of American Franciscan History, 2018. 281 p.: bibl., ill., index, maps. Truitt’s monograph examines the quotidian interactions that Nahuas had with Catholicism in the Hapsburg period of colonial rule in New Spain. Using both Nahuatl- and Spanish-language documents such as Indigenous testaments, census records, mendicant chronicles, Nahua annals, parish records, pictorial codices, and religious dramas, Truitt analyzes formal interactions within official church facilities such as confession or religious instruction as well as more ancillary activities within the community or home such as the sale of Catholic paraphernalia in the markets or in-home shrines to saints. In all of these interactions, Truitt fi nds that Nahuas— particularly Nahua women—were central to the spread and growth of Catholicism in Mexico City.

123

Urcid, Javier and Leonardo López Luján. Xochicalco en MexicoTenochtitlan: apropiaciones gráficas en la tradición escrituraria tardía de la Cuenca de México. (Estud. Cult. Náhuatl, 58, julio/dic. 2019, p. 15–57)

History: Ethnohistory: Mesoamerica / 39 The unusual writing style inscribed on a fragment of rock found among the archeological remains of the Mexica main temple led the authors of this article to wonder if it could perhaps be an example of early Mexica writing. But their analysis concludes instead that this unusual fragment was actually a conscious attempt by the late postclassic Mexica to associate themselves with earlier epiclassic cities such as Xochicalco by imitating an earlier style. Such an association would have helped to strengthen Mexica political authority. Vail, Gabrielle. Venus lore in the postclassic Maya codices: deity manifestations of the morning and evening star. See HLAS 75:173.

124

Vásquez Monterroso, Diego. La construcción de un amaq’ moderno: Los Copones, Ixcán, Quiché (1760–2015). Ciudad de Guatemala: Universidad Rafael Landívar, Editorial Cara Parens, 2017. 120 p.: bibl., ill., index, maps. This trim volume asserts that the present-day Q’eqchi’ Mayan-speaking communities of Los Copones, located in the municipio of Ixcán, Guatemala, constitute a modern-day amaq’, a supra-local political organization characteristic of the postclassic Maya. The author traces the origins of this amaq’ not to the postclassic period, however, but to the mid-18th century. By examining the formation of this modern amaq’— with better preserved written sources and collective memories than the amaq’s of the late postclassic period, Vásquez Monterroso offers insights into traditional Maya forms of organization and local history over the long term.

125

Vico, Domingo de. The Americas’ fi rst theologies: early sources of postcontact Indigenous religion. Edited and translated by Garry Sparks with Frauke Sachse and Sergio Romero. Foreword by Robert M. Carmack. New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, 2017. 324 p.: bibl., index. (Religion in translation)

This volume presents English translations of texts on Christian theology written in Mayan languages in the 16th century, most notably excerpts from the Theologia Indorum (1553) by the Dominican friar Domingo de Vico. As contextualized, introduced, and formatted by the editors, these texts document not only the evangelization of the highland Maya, but also a heretofore ignored history of interreligious and intercultural dialogue. Trained in the neo-Thomism of the Universidad de Salamanca, pre-Tridentine Dominicans in Guatemala sought to reveal and build upon the “natural” Indigenous knowledge of God as manifest in Native languages, customs, and cosmology. Working with Maya elites and experts, they also implicitly responded to Maya defenses of their own traditions, leading to an intricately Mayanized Christian theology.

126

Ward, Thomas. The formation of Latin American nations: from late antiquity to early modernity. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2018. 364 p.: bibl., index. This innovative, interdisciplinary work traces the evolution of group identities in Nahua, Maya, and Andean lands from the prehispanic to the early modern period. Self-aware and heavily informed by theory, it applies a decolonized concept of nationhood capable of perceiving non-European expressions of group affiliation, their roots in prehispanic modes of ethnopolitical organization, and their persistence and influence on the transculturated societies that emerged under Spanish colonization. The author accomplishes this by eliciting contextual and subtextual information from 16th-century chronicles and reinterpreting them according to the recent fi ndings of ethnohistory and anthropology. The work accounts for geographic, hegemonic, gendered, and economic vectors, and illustrates how synthesis and integration, rather than replacement and erasure, defi ned manifestations of nationhood in these areas.

40 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76

South America SUSAN ELIZABETH RAMÍREZ , Neville G. Penrose Endowed Chair of History and Latin American Studies, Texas Christian University

WHEN TEACHING a course on colonial Latin American history, I cover the socalled conquest, trying ever so hard to avoid using the word itself. To many, it conjures up an image of one confrontation (think, Atahualpa and Pizarro in the plaza of Cajamarca in November 1532), battle or a short series of battles and the Spanish won, became dominant, and the rest is colonial history, so to speak. But this short-term, all-is-won image is far from what happened, as becomes clear over the course of the course as discussions cover the Chichimeca, Maya, Guaraní, and Mapuche—all peripheral to the central Aztecs and Incas. In this biannual accumulation of recently published literature, the center—Aztecs and Incas— gives way, more and more, to the peripheral peoples and the study of lesser-known groups on the frontiers (items 132, 139, 146, 147, and 165). Thus, like the story of fi rst contacts between the Spanish and the leading Native civilizations and then the gradual spread of Europeans and the multi-ethnic interactions with other groups that follow, scholars are venturing further and further into the histories of peoples who remained uncontacted or minimally contacted as late as the 19th and 20th centuries. Their stories include some in which the Europeans do not succeed and must abandon the missions and towns they founded and their dreams of future salvation and prosperity and wealth, respectively (items 146 and 158). A few studies cover common themes, often based on recently located sources or reinterpretations of old ones, of classic colonial topics, such as Potosí and its labor regimes (item 156), the Bourbon reforms (item 142), and the khipu (items 149, 154, and 166); and such well-studied figures as Tupac Amaru II (item 161), Felipe Guamán Poma de Ayala (item 148), and Don Cristóbal Paullo Ynga (item 128). Nonetheless, the majority of reviewed books and articles focus on lesser-known individuals and ethnicities, such as the Natives of the Pampas who tell their stories through the voice of an Indigenous leader (item 131) or through the life of a female Indian leader of Goiás, Damiana da Cunha (item 147). A particularly upsetting portrait portrays a sadistic Spanish priest who terrorized the Chanka people living in the Highland Peruvian town of Pampachiri while accumulating a fortune (item 145). Protagonists also include the Tehuelche of the southern part of the Southern Hemisphere (items 138 and 168); the Mbya Guaraní and Jurua, who related their origin stories to explain their present conditions (item 130); the Guaraní of Entre Ríos, Paraguay, and elsewhere (items 160, 164, 165, and 167); and various peoples living along the Amazon, including the Tapajós and Kondurís (items 139 and 143). Interesting writings on the Guaikurú (also Kadiwéu) (item 163), the Bororo resistance in Mato Grosso (item 162), the Tucano-speaking Natives of the old province of Maynas (item 133), the Muiscas around Bogotá (item 155), and the Cajamarca (items 140 and 141) fi ll important gaps in the scholarly literature. Some of the other items that defy the above categorization include an innovative and convincing analysis of how Andeans understand the human body (item 137); two that highlight the use of photographs as historical sources (including an outstanding and surprising article on the body painting of the Caduveo women (item 152)), a singular book that amounts to an autobiography of the inhab-

History: Ethnohistory: South America / 41

itants of the city of Aluminé (item 132), and reflections on death and the hereafter (item 150). Finally, the titles that publish primary sources deserve special mention, especially in this pandemic era when travel to the archives is impossible. Among them are early texts on Atahualpa (item 153); the visita (inspection tour) of don Antonio Martínez Luján de Vargas to Catamarca (1693) (item 169); the letters and related documents of the Argentine cacique Juan Calfucurá in the 19th century (item 131); the Relación of Don Martín de Ledesma Valderrama of the Chaco (1631) (item 158); genealogical information on Don Cristóbal Paullo Ynga (item 128); and the “Relación de las cosas notables De la Ciudad de San Francisco de Borja” (1740–43) (item 133). 127

Altamirano, Marcos Antonio. Episodios históricos del Chaco. Tomo 1, Período hispánico. Resistencia, Argentina: ConTexto, 2018. 139 p.: bibl., ill. This book is one of several on the Chaco region during the colonial era when it was much larger than what it represents today. Chapters are previously published or delivered articles and papers about explorers, the founding and abandonment of the city of Concepción de Nuestra Señora, the Jesuit mission (reducción) of San Fernando del Rio Negro and its industrial and commercial concerns, the pacifying expedition of Gerónimo Matorras, and Native resistance in the 16th and 18th centuries. On the Chaco, see also items 138, 157, and 158.

128

Amado González, Donato. La descendencia de Don Cristóbal Paullo Ynga y sus privilegios: documentos de probanza y testamentos del siglo XVI-XVII. Lima: BNP, Biblioteca Nacional del Perú, 2016. 559 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Libros y manuscritos raros del Perú) A useful compilation of documents relating to Don Cristóbal Paullo Ynga (a son of Guayna Capac) and the privileges accorded to him and his descendants by the Spanish Crown from 1562 to 1691. Themes of the transcriptions are land tenure and the last wills and testaments of Doña Juana Çiça Ñusta, Doña Francisca de Chávez, Don Fernando Ynga, Don Martín Quispe Topa, Doña Angelina Pilcco Sissa Ñusta, Doña Ana Quispe Açarpay, Don Cristóbal Carlos Ynga, Don Lorenzo Mesa Anduesa, Don Xpobal Concha Auqui Ynga, Leonor de Soto, Florencia Fernández de Mesa, and Doña Paula Cusi Varcay Coya. The documents provide details on genealogy, religious be-

liefs, material culture, encomienda grants, service to the Crown, non-kin social relations, credit networks, and assets.

129

Apolinaire, Eduardo and Laura Bastourre. Los documentos históricos de los primeros momentos de la conquista del Río de la Plata (siglos XVI-XVII): una síntesis etnohistórica comparativa. (Relac. Soc. Argent. Antropol., 41:2, 2016, p. 319–351, bibl., maps, table) This article offers a useful synthesis of fi rst- and second-hand accounts of explorers of the Río de la Plata region in the 16th and 17th centuries and compares and contrasts the societies who lived on islands with those who occupied dry land. The review covers the earliest expeditions of Juan Díaz de Solis of 1514 and Ferdinand Magellan (circa 1520); the later ones of Sebastian Gaboto and Diego García de Moguer (1526), Pero Lopes de Sousa (1530), Pedro de Mendoza (1535), Ortiz de Zárate (1573), and others into the 17th century. The results are succinctly summarized in a table (p. 345) that divides the Native populations into island-living and land-living and their subsistence activities, technology, and exchange networks.

130

Bogado Pompa, Marcelo. El mito de las dos humanidades y el origen de la diferencia entre los Mbya y los Jurua. (Supl. Antropol., 51:1, junio 2016, p. 141–164, bibl.) An analysis of various myths of the Mbya Guaraní that narrate the origins of the Mbya and the Jurua. These doublegenesis stories explain the persistent differences between the two groups. The Mbya are poor, but rich spiritually, while the Jurua value wealth over spirituality. The

42 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 former lived in the jungle, while the latter were associated with farmland. The Mbya today fi nd themselves in an identity crisis because jungle life is no longer possible as deforestation takes its toll. On the Guaraní, see also items 160, 164, 165, and 167.

Nacional). Topics mentioned also include missionaries and the expansion of commerce, cattle raising, forestry, and tourism. The book contains engaging b/w and color photographs, drawings, maps, lists of settlers, and a timeline for the 16th-18th century (p. 42–45).

131

Calfucurá, Juan. Juan Calfucurá: correspondencia 1854–1873. Compilación de Omar Lobos. Buenos Aires: COLIHUE, 2015. 569 p.: bibl., facsimiles, index, map. This truly impressive history of the Pampas is told through 127 letters of an Indigenous leader, Juan Calfucurá, and 600 related documents from the archives in Buenos Aires, La Plata, Bahía Blanca, and Luján. His correspondence covers his life from the Campaña a los Llanos (Campaign into the Llanos (Lowlands)) carried out by Juan Manuel de Rosas in 1833 to just before the Conquista del Desierto (Conquest of the Desert or Campaign of the Desert). Thus, he lived through civil wars, the secession of Buenos Aires province from the Argentine Confederation, the war with Paraguay, and various other rebellions. His voice describes the progressive occupation of the pampas and the changes it brought, starting in 1854 with details of negotiations, demands, and threats. His letters also mention captives, friendly Indigenous groups, and important personages, such as Manuel Baigrorria and Juan Catriel. Another theme is the life of one of his sons, Manuel Pastor Calfucurá (also known as Huichacurá, hijo de Calfucurá), from his baptism to his return to the interior.

132

Carignano, Valentín et al. Historias de Aluminé: voces de nuestra tierra. Neuquén, Argentina: Educo Editorial Universitaria, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, 2016. 474 p.: bibl., ill. (some color). A thoroughly captivating book of memories by the inhabitants of Aluminé in the Neuquén province of Argentina. The authors describe a time when national boundaries did not exist; the “Conquest of the Desert” as the advance of a civilizing frontier that dispossessed the original inhabitants of their lands; the fi rst public school that helped create an Argentine consciousness; and the establishment of a national armed force (the Gendarmería

133

Cipolletti, Maria Susana. Sociedades indígenas de la Alta Amazonía: fortunas y adversidades (siglos XVII-XX). Quito: Abya Yala, 2017. 361 p.: bibl., ill., maps. This Abya Yala-published book has a special emphasis on the Tucano-speaking native peoples of the old province of Maynas in what is now Peru and Ecuador (near the Napo River and its tributaries). Using documents from various archives, 18th-century Jesuit testimonies, and oral traditions, the author demonstrates that contact between the Native peoples of the high Amazon and Europeans began shortly after the encounter in Cajamarca (1532). Inter-ethnic relations, missions, native slavery, religious beliefs, and shamanism; the use and traffic of the poison curare; and friendly Indians (indios amigos) figure prominently in the text. The book includes a transcription of a primary document: “Relación de las cosas notables De la Ciudad de San Francisco de Borja desde el año de 1740 hasta el de 1743.”

134

Covey, R. Alan. Inca apocalypse: the Spanish conquest and the transformation of the Andean world. New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, 2020. 592 p.: bibl., ill., index, maps. This massive and detailed tome reconstitutes the Inca world in the broader context of transatlantic (and to a much lesser extent global) historical events. Covey shows how religious beliefs on both sides of the Atlantic allowed Europeans and Native peoples alike to make sense of the evolving trajectory of what would become the Spanish colonial system. This work is a testament to the place of religion in the lives of people of the era. The 12 chapters and epilogue elaborate on several examples that demonstrate how religion affected the interpretations of the actors. Both the Incas and the Spanish appealed to their god(s) for victory in battle. Both Europeans and Andeans appealed to material objects with presumed spiritual power: the Andeans had their idols,

History: Ethnohistory: South America / 43 while the Europeans (including King Philip II) gave credence to talisman and saintly relics. During the siege of Cuzco, the Spaniards recalled that Santiago aided them during Manco Inca’s attack. The text highlights the way that events were propagandized, and how information was controlled. Francisco Pizarro, with followers living in several outposts and cities on the coast, used these partisans to successfully communicate news and gain an advantage against his rival, his partner Diego Almagro. Covey also documents how witness testimonies were elicited from selected persons to bolster Viceroy Francisco de Toledo’s projects and outlook. These instances raise a cautionary flag on taking written documents at face value and out of context. Another key theme is the insistence on how quickly change occurred in the Andean world. Some historians have assumed that Native cultures, particularly in the southern Andes, remained largely unaffected by the Spanish until the inspection tour of Viceroy Toledo in the 1570s. Covey shows how Native authority, the very structure and functioning of communities and Native narratives tied to the biographies of Inca names, changed to fit Spanish expectations. Furthermore, he actively emphasizes the roles of women and Afro-descendent individuals when the documentation permits. Of greater significance are the methodological implications of this treatise. The disciplinary borders between archeology and history (with some demography and linguistics called upon when necessary) meld. The crossdisciplinary results lead to a much deeper understanding of the bias confi rmation inherent in the works of the classical chroniclers and the conundrums and distortions left by some of these same sources and others. Thus, Covey mentions that decades of Inca provincial archeology conducted in Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina have shaped a material reconstruction of Inca provincial power that looks much more discontinuous and diverse than the Inca noblemen living in early colonial Cuzco once claimed (p. 61).

135

Crow, Joanna. Photographic encounters: Martín Chambi, indigeneity and Chile-Peru relations in the early twentieth century. ( J. Lat. Am. Stud., 51:1, Feb. 2019, p. 31–58, bibl.)

This well-written work documents the 1936 trip of Peruvian photographer Martín Jerónimo Chambi Jiménez (1891–1973) to Chile, where his photographs of Peru were exhibited in Santiago and other cities. The author contextualizes the photographic exhibitions in a transnational intellectual milieu that debates authenticity, race, and class. This discourse engaged Chambi’s work with writers, artists, the press, and the governments of both countries. It is also presented as encouraging tourism and as a response to transnational cultural and economic imperialism.

136

Delgado Mancilla, Abraham. Descubrimiento conquista invasión: desmontando y desmitificando la historia y el pensamiento colonial. Prólogo de Sinclair Thomson. La Paz: Laboratorio del Pensamiento Indianista-Katarista—Ch’ikhi Ajayu, 2017. 217 p.: bibl., ill. A polemical and revisionist analysis aimed at demythologizing the discovery and conquest of America and the Andes specifically by analyzing the views of Kataristas such as Fernando Untoja, Walter Reinaga, Ayar Quispe, Inka Waskar Chukiwanka, Nicomedes Sejas, Fausto Reiaga, and others, based on political, union, and academic documents. The author represents the leadership of a group of “indianistaskataristas” (named for an Indigenous leader Túpac Katari, who rebelled against colonial rule in 1781) that acted against the neoliberal government of Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada in Bolivia. The book is a critique of colonialism and the standard interpretations of intellectuals from 16th-century Spanish chroniclers to present-day writers. The author’s argument is that such terms as “discovery” and “conquest” negate the existence of Native civilizations and governments, affecting psychologically the descendants of the original inhabitants of the Andes.

137

Díaz, Carla. Cuerpo vegetal y violencia fecundadora en las fuentes coloniales andinas. (Bol. Mus. Chil. Arte Precolomb., 21:2, 2016, p. 153–169, bibl., facsims., ill.) A fascinating and convincing argument on the Andean understanding of the human body and violence. Díaz hypoth-

44 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 esizes, using linguistic, historical, ethnographic, and archeological evidence, that Andeans conceived of the human body as a plant and that its reproduction was mediated through violence, especially violence against an enemy. Her analysis considers terminology in both Quechua and Aymara; and testimonies of such classic chroniclers as Juan de Santa Cruz Pachacuti, Pedro Cieza de León, Garcilaso de la Vega, and Antonio de la Calancha. Archeological materials from the Sechín, the Moche, the Paracas, and the Tiwanaku cultures support this interpretation. Violence, Díaz concludes, fertilizes and aids reproduction and is one way to incorporate the stranger into one’s social world.

the Brazilian Amazon and French Guiana, 1600–1730. (Ethnohistory, 65:4, Oct. 2018, p. 597–620, bibl., ill.) An evocative reinterpretation of the history of a geographic area between the Amazon Delta and the Maroni River (now Brazilian Amapá and French Guiana), once identified as a frontier and Indigenous refuge zone. The author argues that rather than a frontier, it was an Indigenous regional center, characterized by its autonomy, Indigenous networks of exchange, and a history of Amerindian migrations between 1600 and 1730. This reinterpretation is an exercise in decentering and moving closer to the natives’ point of view and reality.

140

138

En el país de nomeacuerdo: archivos y memorias del genocidio del estado argentino sobre los pueblos originarios, 1870–1950. Compilación de Walter Delrio et al. Textos de Lorena Cañuqueo et al. Argentina: Editorial UNRN, 2018. 325 p.: bibl., ill. (Aperturas. Serie Sociales) This innovative text aspires to reconstitute the history and memory of the Native populations of Patagonia, the Pampas, and the Chaco during the Campaña del Desierto (Desert Campaign). Nineteenth-century deportation, resettlement, and genocide, with the accompanying violence and state terrorism, resulted in national silences about the experiences of these populations. Ethnographic research in Mapuche-Tehuelche communities of the contemporary provinces of Río Negro and Chubut captures surviving narratives on multiple events of the period, especially resistance to the expropriation of goods and territory that took place with the aim of correcting and completing national narratives. Separate chapters deal with the Native concentrations on Martín García Island from 1871 to 1886; native prisoners in Mendoza parish; the massacres, concentrations, and forced labor of the Natives into the 20th century; and the “El Toba” mission in the 1930s. On the Chaco, see also items 127, 157, and 158; on the Tehuelche, see also item 168. On the Mapuches, see also items 144 and 151.

139

Espelt-Bombin, Silvia. Makers and keepers of networks: Amerindian spaces, migrations, and exchanges in

Espinoza Soriano, Waldemar. Cajamarca, otras miradas etnohistóricas. Compilación de Haydée Quiroz Malca. Lima: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Fondo Editorial, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales; Cajamarca, Peru: Gobierno Regional Cajamarca, 2018. 292 p.: bibl., ill. (some color). A second compilation of selected previously published works of Waldemar Espinoza Soriano, a well-known ethnohistorian who teaches at the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Among the themes are writings on Native protests and rebellions; the fall of the Inca empire; the ethnic groups of San Ignacio and Jaén; the Chilcho people; the district of San Isidro de Huauco in the province of Celendín; and the Inca Atahualpa in Cuzco, Quito, and Cajamarca. See item 141 for the fi rst compilation.

141

Espinoza Soriano, Waldemar. Miradas etnohistóricas a Cajamarca. Compilación de Haydée Quiroz Malca y Pedro Jacinto Pazos. Lima: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Fondo Editorial, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, 2018. 458 p.: bibl., ill. A welcome compilation of sometimes difficult-to-get works on Cajamarca by the well-known author Waldemar Espinoza Soriano. Reprinted here is the fi rst ethnological description of 1540, studies of the pachacas (native jurisdictions) of Pariamarca and Pucho, a profi le of the tribute assigned to Doña Florencia de Mora in 1594, the mitmas (resettled outsiders) huayacuntus of Cajabamba and Antamarca and those

History: Ethnohistory: South America / 45 of the Lowlands of Collique; and a testimony on idolatry. The volume ends with an article on the reaction of the Natives to Peru’s independence, a sketch of Amalia Puga de Losada, and a modern overview of the province of Cajabamba. See item 140 for a second compilation of Espinoza Soriano’s previously published essays.

the conflicts such trade entailed. Theirs was a self-imposed isolation. Social entities transitioned from being open and large to smaller and less flexible groupings, less able to absorb outsiders. The Tapajós, in contrast, remained open and able to recruit outsiders into their society. Of special importance are the mentions of Dutch trading relations, the Jesuits, and the “deep forest.”

142

Ferrero, Paula Verónica. Adaptación y resistencia en los pueblos de indios de Córdoba en las últimas décadas coloniales: estructura interna, tributo y movilidad poblacional. Buenos Aires: Prometeo Libros, 2017. 185 p.: bibl., ill. (Prometeo Bicentenario) This book examines the native populations of Córdoba during the Bourbon reform era at the end of the 18th century. The author focuses on the out-migration of some families and the arrival of others that helped sustain the community. These two demographic flows were part of the population’s adaptation and resistance to a centralizing state that aimed to increase administrative efficiency, increase tax collection, and control the daily life of subjects. Chapters cover Bourbon census-taking, the application of royal mandates, the Native communities subject to such intervention, migration patterns, and tribute collection from 1785 to 1810, based on manuscript and secondary sources. The text features graphs and tables summarizing demographic data from parishes and towns.

143

Harris, Mark. The making of regional systems: the Tapajós/Madeira and Trombetas/Nhamundá regions in the Lower Brazilian Amazon, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. (Ethnohistory, 65:4, Oct. 2018, p. 621–645, bibl., maps) A detailed study of the making of regional centers in the Lower Brazilian Amazon in the 17th and 18th centuries based on primary sources and secondary accounts. Among the kaleidoscope of chief and ethnic group names, two regional systems of interethnic relations stand out: the Tapajós/Madeira and the Trombetas/Nhamundá (Kondurís). These systems centered on the Amazon River that both united and divided the groups at different times. The Kondurís eventually wanted little contact with whites because of the competition for labor and products and

144

Hernández, Graciela. Hebras feministas: en la historia y la memoria de los pueblos originarios pampeano-patagónicos. Buenos Aires: Editorial Biblos, 2018. 193 p.: bibl., ill. An analysis of the status of women based on Native rituals on the Pampas and in Patagonia extracted from traditional sources, ethnographic studies, and oral histories. Mapuche voices revise interpretations of such rituals as suttee (the immolation of widows at the death of their spouses) and those related to menarche. Other themes include kinship networks, livestock raising, and fi liación maternal—in which possessions and status are inherited through the female line. On the Mapuche, see also items 138 and 151.

145

Hyland, Sabine. The Chankas and the priest: a tale of murder and exile in Highland Peru. University Park: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2016. 211 p.: bibl., ill., index, maps. A relatively short microhistory on 10 years (1601–11) of the life of a sadistic priest accused by his parishioners of the terrible crimes of torture, sexual assault, and murder. Father Juan Bautista de Albadán exploited the Chankas in the town of Pampachiri to amass a personal fortune valued at almost two million dollars at the time of publication. He confiscated Native possessions; charged the Indigenous people fees for religious services that should have been provided for free; sold Bulls of the Holy Crusade at twice the legal price—and made parishioners buy them again when they expired. Albadán also engineered the kuraka’s fall from power for countering his position and power. In telling the story of this cold-hearted, deviant, irritable, and violent psychopath (in the author’s words), Hyland also provides population figures and a short genealogy of the local lords.

46 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76

146

Ibáñez-Bonillo, Pablo. Rethinking the Amazon frontier in the seventeenth century: the violent deaths of the missionaries Luis Figueira and Francisco Pires. (Ethnohistory, 65:4, Oct. 2018, p. 575–595, bibl.) This short, provocative article on one level has to do with explaining the deaths of two Jesuit missionaries in the mid-17th century, and on another level addresses the transformation of raw frontiers and their incorporation into the colonial orbit. Some of the important points pertain to the unreliability of the few sources on the era and their manipulation over time to fit different perspectives and audiences; the vacillating Indian policy of the Portuguese Crown (annihilation or peace and negotiation); the martyrdoms, raids, skirmishes, and other forms of violence that equated to what Hal Langfur calls a “language of contact and communication”; and the multiethnic and multilingual networks of exchange that predated, and then continued, contact with the Portuguese and the Dutch. Indigenous graphic communication systems: a theoretical approach. See item 91.

147

Julio, Suelen Siqueira. Damiana da Cunha: uma índia entre a “sombra da cruz” e os caiapós do sertão (Goiás, c. 1780– 1831). Niterói, Brazil: EDUFF, 2017. 165 p.: bibl. (Série Nova biblioteca; 21) This book highlights Damiana da Cunha as an example of native women as historical actors. Damiana lived in Goiás from circa 1779 to 1831, moving early between the worlds of native Caiapós and Luso-Brazilians. She was the grandchild of a cacique, and kin to a governor. With this pedigree, she became an important female leader of the Indigenous peoples around her. To place her in context, Julio includes sections on the history of Goiás from the time it was a frontier region and on Native women.

148

Kilroy-Ewbank, Lauren G. Fashioning a prince for all the world to see: Guaman Poma’s self-portraits in the Nueva corónica. (Americas/Washington, 75:1, Jan. 2018, p. 47–94, ill.) This lengthy article describes the self-representation of Felipe Guamán Poma de Ayala in his letter to kings Philip II and

Philip III. The author highlights both his textual references (lord and prince) and his five self-portraits that together elevate his status to that of an educated, trusted, and truthful Christian capable of advising a Spanish king on how to correct the governance of the Andean peoples. The illustrations support his claims of nobility and that of his grandfather, father, and uncle, as high-ranked associates of Andean rulers. Claims to being an authentic and legitimate Indigenous voice, however, are attenuated by Guamán Poma’s Andean and European clothing that might be more typical of a “ladino” (an outsider who has learned the language, signs, and symbols of another culture).

149

Laurencich Minelli, Laura. Lo sagrado en el mundo andino. Puno, Peru: Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, 2015. 183 p., 45 unnumbered pages: bibl., ill. (Estudios americanos; 12) The themes of this compilation of previously published articles include the concept of zero in Mesoamerica and the Andes and their numerical symbolism; the Jesuit attempt to create a paradise in the Paititi at the end of the 16th and beginning of the 17th centuries; textiles and their iconography as coded forms of communication; the authorship of De las costumbres antiguas de los naturales del Pirú, now attributed to an anonymous Jesuit; and a note on the yupana, a counting device used by the Inca during early colonial times. For more on Inca mathematics, see item 154.

150

Lemlij, Moisés and Luis Millones. Reflexiones sobre la muerte en el Perú. Lima: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Fondo Editorial, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, 2017. 192 p.: bibl., ill. This study offers reflections on death and the hereafter that resulted from a collaboration of a psychoanalyst (Moisés Lemlij) and a social scientist, anthropologist, and historian (Luis Millones). The pair use Andean iconography and myths in juxtaposition with those from Mexico, Babylon, Greece, and Rome. Of particular interest are their thoughts on war, sacrifice, sin, the devil, and animals (monkey, dog, birds of prey, deer, snake, and jaguar) associated with the hereafter.

History: Ethnohistory: South America / 47

151

Luchas de clasificación: las sociedades indígenas entre taxonomía, memoria y reapropiación. Coordinación de Christophe Giudicelli. Rosario, Argentina: Prohistoria Ediciones: IFEA, Instituto Francés de Estudios Andinos, 2018. 374 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Actas; 30) (Actes & mémoires; 36) This book brings together essays challenging the classifications, ethnic categories, and analytical concepts that structure the descriptions of Native societies and some academic disciplines. Themes cover drawings and hieroglyphs of Mesoamericans in the 16th century; the invention and manipulation of missionary classifications; colonial classifications of Achaguas and Guahibos in 17th-century New Granada; 19th and 20th-century anthropological trends in Argentina and Peru; the leadership of native groups in northeastern Argentina; and suggested revisions to the existing order, especially in regards to Jujuy (Argentina) and the Mapuches, Quilmes, and Atacameños. On the Mapuches, see also items 144 and 151.

152

Martins, Luciana. “Resemblances to archaeological fi nds”: Guido Boggiani, Claude Lévi-Strauss and Caduveo body painting. (J. Lat. Am. Cult. Stud., 26:2, June 2017, p. 187–219, bibl., ill., photos) An exceptional article on two early attempts to memorialize the highly distinctive body painting designs and motifs drawn by Caduveo women on themselves and their Chamacoco captives. Guido Boggiani and Claude Lévi-Strauss’ photographs and drawings document the practice from the late 19th century into the 1930s. Some of the designs resemble body-paining designs of other cultures and the textiles that some Indigenous groups produce.

153

Montiel, Edgar. El Perú en la memoria del renacimiento: la alteridad americana en la forja de la humanidad. Lima: Universidad de San Martin de Porres, Fondo Editorial, 2017. 217 p.: bibl., ill. This book reproduces several accounts of the invasion and wars between Atahualpa and his successors and the newly arrived Spanish during the encounter era. The accounts arriving in Europe as early as 1534 of the remote Kingdom of “Biru” (later Peru) opened the minds of Europeans as they

contemplated descriptions of a redistributive state and the collective use of land; waystations that supplied travelers; and the rich booty of silver, gold, and emeralds. Included in the volume are reports to the king, letters from Spaniards involved in the events, and gazettes and pamphlets from Spain, Italy, Germany, France, and England, which disseminated early notices of the events in the Andes—including the fall of the Inca Empire and the executions of its king Atabaliba. The book also mentions voices such as Francisco de Vitoria, Bartolomé de las Casas, and Garcilaso de la Vega, who protested European atrocities against Native peoples. One important chapter surveys how enlightened intellectuals, such as Hugo Grocio, John Locke, [Charles-Louis de Secondat, baron de La Brède et de] Montesquieu, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, [François-Marie Arouet] Voltaire, Guillaume Thomas François Raynal, Denis Diderot, John Gregoire, Louis-Sébastien Mercier, and Françoise de Graffigny, interpreted news of the Incas. The text features a translation of the pamphlet “Nouvelles certaines del isles du Peru,” published in Lyon in 1534, and several other early documents from the 16th and 18th centuries.

154

Moscovich, Viviana Ruth. El khipu y la yupana: administración y contabilidad en el imperio inca. Arequipa, Peru: Ediciones El Lector, 2016. 327 p.: bibl., ill. (some color), map. This book, based on manuscript and published sources, provides background on the khipu (colored and knotted strings) and yupana, both prehispanic and standardized Inca counting devices. The author aims to outline how these two items functioned together, and to describe the Native accounting system through a reconstruction of the work of the cord keepers (Khipucamayoc) and their status in the administrative structure of the empire. The study covers the relevant texts from Felipe Guamán Poma’s long letter to the king, the types of khipu kamayuqs, the decimal system, the possible calculations using the yupana, and census and tribute records. For another recent work on khipu, see item 166.

155

Muñoz Arbeláez, Santiago. Costumbres en disputa: los muiscas y el Imperio español en Ubaque, siglo XVI. Bogotá:

48 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Departamento de Historia, 2015. 240 p.: bibl., ill., index, maps. This important book merits a wider readership outside of Colombian historians and anthropologists and their students. It holds insights on Hispanization, idolatry and conversion, the origin and functioning of colonial government, and the roles of Native lords in an early contact context. The author notes that the name of the cacique of caciques was Bogota, a name and title that remain today territorialized as a place. He shows how the Muiscas responded to colonialism and conversion by changing their names, moving to new places, and adopting European fashions. The most valuable parts of the book are the vivid portrayals of the biohote, defi ned by the Spanish as an idolatrous drinking bout or intoxication ritual, but which, from the Native perspective, was an important religious, political, and social celebration that united diverse peoples to exchange painted cloths with the kuraca (or curaka), which provided legitimacy to the rulers. After conversion, the biohote was suppressed and the kuraca lost legitimacy. The kuraca, to maintain his position, had to become and act as a Christian. Shortly after the reducción, the variety of goods available to people and the reassignment and division of the encomienda further reduced redistribution and hospitality that underlaid the traditional legitimacy of Native lords. Thus, the main contribution of this book is the conclusion that the encomienda was intimately associated with kuracazgos.

156

Nicolas, Vincent. Mita y mitayos en la villa de Potosí: siglos XVI-XVIII. La Paz: Fundación Cultural Banco Central de Bolivia, Casa Nacional de la Moneda de Bolivia, 2018. 131 p.: bibl., ill. (chiefly color). Based on primary and secondary sources, this luxuriously detailed study examines the mining mita (forced, rotating labor service) of Potosí that brought thousands of Indigeous families to the mountain of silver, especially after its institutionalization by Viceroy Francisco de Toledo in the 1570s. Chapters explain the organization of the rotating service, where the Indigenous peoples lived in the city, the impact of the institution and mining in general on the surrounding area, and religious aspects of

the work. Of special import are the notes on Indigenous mine owners in 1585, the percentage of the required numbers of laborers who actually came, the distances that mitayos (workers doing their rotating service) traveled to get to the city, and a list of the parishes where workers worshipped. For a related study, see item 161.

157

El Norte Grande Argentino: cultura y región. Edición de Mónica Ruffino. Textos de Mauricio Guzmán et al. San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina: Ente Cultural de Tucumán, Gobierno de Tucumán; Buenos Aires: Fundación Ciccus, 2017. 317 p.: bibl., ill. This compilation of works on northwestern Argentina discusses its multiple cultures, demography, the Chaco, and its inhabitants; the intellectual history of Santiago del Estero; myths and religious beliefs of the population; the literature of Tucumán; the art and music of the wider region; and economic development. Such considerations help defi ne a cultural area and the identities of the people. On the Chaco, see also items 127 and 158.

158

Oliveto, Lía Guillermina and Beatriz N. Ventura. Final de la jornada al Chaco de Ledesma Valderrama en 1631: análisis y nuevas perspectivas a partir de documentación inédita. (Relac. Soc. Argent. Antropol., 42:2, 2017, p. 257–280, bibl., maps) This valuable article and transcription of two 17th-century documents written by Martín de Ledesma Valderrama in 1631 describes the time period when he abandoned the town that he founded in 1625, Santiago de Guadalcázar, in the Chaco. Among the new points that the authors make is the reference to “El Chaco,” which in the 17th century referred to a larger area than it does today. The 17th-century Chaco region included different ecological niches allowing for a variety of subsistence activities, such as fishing, hunting, raising camelids, farming, and mining. A second note is the presence of Incas living among the Churumatas who, after learning of the Spanish invasion and Atahualpa’s capture, decided to stay rather than return to their original lineages located elsewhere in the Andes. Ledesma Valderrama’s dream of taming the Chaco and reaping its valuables were dashed

History: Ethnohistory: South America / 49 by desertion of his followers, geographic limitations, insect plagues, floods, bellicose Indians, the theft of his horses, hunger, isolation, and the lack of support from other Spanish entities. On the Chaco, see also items 127, 138, and 157.

159

Ramírez, Susan E. Existing ancestralities and the failure of colonial regimes. (in Hemispheric indigeneities: Native identity and agency in Mesoamerica, the Andes, and Canada. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2018, p. 44–78, bibl., ill., table) In this remarkably didactic essay, Ramírez shows that Andean Natives largely held to their “ancestralities” or lineage identities and the associated religious beliefs, practices, and cultures during the colonial period. Colonial authorities tried to segregate Natives under the undifferentiated label of “Indians,” acculturating and homogenizing them. Outside of larger urban centers, these processes were, nevertheless, uneven and incomplete for most of the colonial period. [G.A. Espinoza]

160

Ramos, Antonio Dari. Tribunal de gênero: mulheres e homens indígenas e cativos na Antiga Província Jesuítica do Paraguai. São Leopoldo, Brazil: Oikos Editora, 2016. 254 p.: bibl. An extensive study of the free and captive natives of the Jesuit province of Paraguai (today Paraguay). The author discusses the Guaraní, Gualachos, Guaycuru, Charrua, Yaro, Minuano, and Pampa ethnicities. How mission life affected their morality, dress, birth, marriage, and death is covered, as is resistance to the same. Education and gender-based economic roles are also reviewed. On the Guaraní, see also items 130, 164, 165, and 167.

not an Inca, but a merchant. She, instead, attests that Túpac Amaru II was against the mita (forced, rotating labor service), against the virreinal governing and social structure, and against Spanish cultural hegemony. He was, in sum, an early advocate of continental unity and human, labor, and women’s rights. About half of this reappraisal reproduces such varied texts as Túpac Amaru’s letters (1781), Viceroy Toledo’s ordinances, the sentencing of the Inca, Simón Bolivar’s Jamaica letter (1815), the Universal Declaration of Peoples’ Rights (1976), José Carlos Mariátegui’s call for a United Front, and selected songs and poems.

162

Rocha, Lecy Figueiredo. Guerreiros cabaçais: a luta deste povo Bororo pela sobrevivéncia na regiáo do Guaporé. Jundiaí, Brazil: Paco Editorial, 2016. 185 p.: bibl., ill. A study of resistance by Bororo (also known as Purianas or Pararionés) warriors in the Guaporé region near the Cabaçal River between 1739 and 1882. The narrative begins with the fi rst contact of this group with colonizers, based on manuscript and published sources. Eventually, the natives, already weakened by imported diseases, lost their struggle to keep their traditional lands to miners and cattle raisers. Themes of considerable interest are the origin of the ethnicity’s name (Bóe means “real people”); the expedition of bandeirantes (slave hunters) against the Bororo; and their cooptation and settlement into villages in the 19th century. The text includes a map, a diagram of a Bororo village, illustrations from 1827, tables with data on friendly and not-sofriendly Native groups of the province of Mato Grosso in 1849, and a table that shows population figures for the Bororo from 1740 to 1875 when only 50 Natives survived.

161

Roca, Pilar. El holocausto andino. Lima: Juan Gutemberg Editores Impresores, 2016. 253 p.: bibl. A revisionist text of accepted ideas about the person and rebellion of Túpac Amaru II. The author undermines such tenets as the notion that the Inca did not aspire to independence from Spain, only the reduction of taxes; that Túpac Amaru only wanted to be recognized as the Marqués de Oropesa; that he was unable to calibrate the consequences of his acts; and that he was

163

Roller, Heather F. On the verge of total extinction?: From Guaikurú to Kadiwéu in nineteenth-century Brazil. (Ethnohistory, 65:4, Oct. 2018, p. 647–670, bibl., maps, photos) This relatively brief article deals with the belief that Native peoples are on the verge of extinction. The author records that the Guaikurú became the Kadiwéu. Over time, they exhibited the same survival strategies and interaction with outsiders as

50 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 their predecessors, resulting in hope for the future.

164

Rossi, Juan José. La historia saboteada de Abya Yala (América). Paraná, Argentina: JAPL, Junta Abya Yala por los Pueblos Libres; Rosario, Argentina: Editorial Último Recurso, 2017. 580 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Ne’é nandí) A universal history of the peopling of the earth that begins in Africa and follows their movement to America. Chapters cover the Lithic, Archaic, formative, classic, and postclassic eras, and the arrival of the Europeans. The histories of five cultures are featured: the Inuit, the Inca, the Amazonian cultures (especially of Brazil), the TupiGuarani of South America, and the Diaguita. Appendices address such subjects as primitive peoples, civilization, conquest, archeological dating conventions, and the history and cultures of Entre Ríos. On the Guaraní, see also items 130, 160, 165, and 167.

165

Timó, Enrique. Relaciones interétnicas y etnicidad en la provincia de Entre Ríos. Rosario, Argentina: Prohistoria Ediciones, 2016. 201 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Universidad; 48) A well-documented work on the province of Entre Ríos, focusing on the inter-ethnic contact that helps to defi ne the identities of different groups. The author discusses the frontier, the missions, the campaigns against the natives, war and resettlement, the formation of the estancia, and the changing administrative policies of the Argentine Confederation and later governments. In the process, he depicts the Guaraní, Chaná-Timbú, Caigang, Charrúa, and Mocoretá. Land tenure and demographic trends in colonial, revolutionary, and national times are described with useful data on immigrants in 1895 and 1914. On the Guaraní, see also items 130, 160, 164, and 167.

166

Urton, Gary. Inka history in knots: reading khipus as primary sources. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2017. 293 p., 8 unnumbered pages of plates: bibl., ill., index. (Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long series in Latin American and Latino art and culture) An important book on the Inca khipu (also quipu) (knotted strings) that Andeans

used to record statistics. The keepers of the khipus (khipucamayocs) registered census data, tribute, and other administrative tasks. The author argues that khipu recordkeeping contributed to the emergence of political complexity in the Andes. The analyses are based on the twists, turns, and color changes of 923 khipus, the only primary sources not mediated by the hands, minds, and motives of the invading Europeans. The book provides details about these artifacts from Atarco in the Nazca region, Laguna de los Cóndores in the Chachapoyas area, Puruchuco in the Rimac Valley, Pachacama in the Lurín Valley, and Inkawasi in the Cañete Valley, i.e., from many diverse parts of the Andes. See also item 154.

167

Velloso, Gustavo. Ociosos e sedicionários: populações indígenas e os tempos do trabalho nos Campos de Piratininga (século XVII). São Paulo: Intermeios Casa de Artes e Livros, 2018. 334 p.: bibl. A history of labor and agricultural development among the Tupi, the Guaraní, and the Jê in São Paulo from the precolonial times of subsistence activities and collective good to the colonial era of the 17th century of Indigenous slavery during which surplus was appropriated and sold in the marketplace. As colonial slaves, Indigenous peoples were subjected to new and unfamiliar patterns and regimes of work and time. The remedy was to submit and adapt, flee to the interior (sertão), or rebel. On the Guaraní, see also items 130, 160, 164, and 165.

168

Vezub, Julio E. La caravana de Musters y Casimiro: la “cuestión Tehuelche” revisitada por el análisis de redes; Punta Arenas-Carmen de Patagones, 1869–70. (Magallania/Punta Arenas, 43:1, 2015, p. 15–35, bibl., graphs, maps) An interesting article centering the Tehuelche that brings up the notion of ethnic identification as innate to a group or imposed. Using the published records of the 14 months of travels in 1869–70 of English man George Musters and the cacique Casimiro over 2,750 km of terrain from the Straits of Magellan to the Río Negro, the author determines what is most important to the cohesion and identity of the group. Vezub concludes, fi rst, that it is not neces-

History: General / 51 sarily the richest person who becomes the leader of the group. Second, interpersonal dynamics explain most confl icts. Significantly, too, macro-ethnic identification seems most useful when confronting rivals. On the Tehuelche, see also item 138.

169

Visita de don Antonio Martínez Luján de Vargas: Catamarca, 1693: transcripción y análisis. Dirección de Gabriela de la Orden. Textos de Alicia del Carmen Moreno y Norha Alicia Trettel. Rosario, Argentina: Prohistoria Ediciones, 2018. 288 p.: bibl., ill. (DBF; 2) An invaluable addition to the analysis and publication of primary documents, this work presents a transcription of the Oidor (judge) of the Audiencia de Charcas,

Don Antonio Martínez Luján de Vargas, to the encomiendas of the Gobernación of Tucumán between 1692 and 1694, and more exactly Catamarca in 1693. The document is preceded by three studies. The fi rst characterizes the encomiendas and the natives of the jurisdiction. The second deals with land tenure (communal and/or private) between 1830 and 1880 in Tinogasta. The third describes the process of privatizing communal property in the Pueblo of Huacaschi in the 19th and 20th centuries. The translated testimonies of the inspection trip itself show that the encomienda survived in the area; the document also provides information on the conditions under which the natives worked, tribute collection, and the abuses by the Spaniards and others.

GENERAL HISTORY JOHN BRITTON, Professor Emeritus of History, Francis Marion University

THE PRODUCTION, DISTRIBUTION, AND STORAGE of information have become topics of great interest in the 21st century, and historical publications reflect that concern in the current biennium. Historians now delve into digitized records via the internet, but they also have a traditional respect and a special sensitivity for the preservation of aging manuscripts, books, maps, and other printed matter that are not digitized and constitute our main (and in some cases only) means for studying the past. The Nettie Lee Benson Collection at the University of Texas at Austin is an exceptionally valuable repository, as is made clear in the volume edited by Gilland and Montelongo (item 198). The archival holdings of major universities in Hispanic America are described by González y González (item 187). The movement of information within Spain’s colonial system is examined by Brendecke (item 214), and Figueroa Cancino’s article explores the intraimperial messaging regarding precious stones (item 218). Bauer (item 213) discusses various meanings of the conquest generated by a broad array of writers. Fitz (item 235) uses early 19th-century newspapers published in the US to present a thought-provoking portrait of Latin American independence movements. Preuss (item 240) surveys the publications of intellectuals that created a sense of shared cultural identity in South America. Medeiros follows four women travel writers over the 19th and 20th centuries through their publications (item 200). Masiello explores the impact of new technologies for print, visual reproduction, and sound (item 199). Calvi (item 171) portrays the political and cultural insights that flourish in Latin American literary journalism. Richard Kagan (item 196) discusses the persistent influence of Spain and Spanish America in the popular media of the US from 1779 to 1939. The digital era is subjected to scrutiny in two books. Sierra

History: General / 51 sarily the richest person who becomes the leader of the group. Second, interpersonal dynamics explain most confl icts. Significantly, too, macro-ethnic identification seems most useful when confronting rivals. On the Tehuelche, see also item 138.

169

Visita de don Antonio Martínez Luján de Vargas: Catamarca, 1693: transcripción y análisis. Dirección de Gabriela de la Orden. Textos de Alicia del Carmen Moreno y Norha Alicia Trettel. Rosario, Argentina: Prohistoria Ediciones, 2018. 288 p.: bibl., ill. (DBF; 2) An invaluable addition to the analysis and publication of primary documents, this work presents a transcription of the Oidor (judge) of the Audiencia de Charcas,

Don Antonio Martínez Luján de Vargas, to the encomiendas of the Gobernación of Tucumán between 1692 and 1694, and more exactly Catamarca in 1693. The document is preceded by three studies. The fi rst characterizes the encomiendas and the natives of the jurisdiction. The second deals with land tenure (communal and/or private) between 1830 and 1880 in Tinogasta. The third describes the process of privatizing communal property in the Pueblo of Huacaschi in the 19th and 20th centuries. The translated testimonies of the inspection trip itself show that the encomienda survived in the area; the document also provides information on the conditions under which the natives worked, tribute collection, and the abuses by the Spaniards and others.

GENERAL HISTORY JOHN BRITTON, Professor Emeritus of History, Francis Marion University

THE PRODUCTION, DISTRIBUTION, AND STORAGE of information have become topics of great interest in the 21st century, and historical publications reflect that concern in the current biennium. Historians now delve into digitized records via the internet, but they also have a traditional respect and a special sensitivity for the preservation of aging manuscripts, books, maps, and other printed matter that are not digitized and constitute our main (and in some cases only) means for studying the past. The Nettie Lee Benson Collection at the University of Texas at Austin is an exceptionally valuable repository, as is made clear in the volume edited by Gilland and Montelongo (item 198). The archival holdings of major universities in Hispanic America are described by González y González (item 187). The movement of information within Spain’s colonial system is examined by Brendecke (item 214), and Figueroa Cancino’s article explores the intraimperial messaging regarding precious stones (item 218). Bauer (item 213) discusses various meanings of the conquest generated by a broad array of writers. Fitz (item 235) uses early 19th-century newspapers published in the US to present a thought-provoking portrait of Latin American independence movements. Preuss (item 240) surveys the publications of intellectuals that created a sense of shared cultural identity in South America. Medeiros follows four women travel writers over the 19th and 20th centuries through their publications (item 200). Masiello explores the impact of new technologies for print, visual reproduction, and sound (item 199). Calvi (item 171) portrays the political and cultural insights that flourish in Latin American literary journalism. Richard Kagan (item 196) discusses the persistent influence of Spain and Spanish America in the popular media of the US from 1779 to 1939. The digital era is subjected to scrutiny in two books. Sierra

52 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76

Caballero gives a much-needed critical assessment (item 258) of the asymmetrical movement of information through the internet in which the traditional hegemony of the US is evident. The volume edited by Garone Gravier, Galina Russell, and Godinas (item 177) covers the evolution of the book in the Americas from preconquest Native American works to the digital age. The movement of people and material goods has also gained much attention from researchers. DuPlessis (item 216) reviews the commerce in textile goods that embraced four continents in the period from 1650 to 1800. Canales (item 173) concentrates on the shipment of gold via the Spanish fleet system in the colonial era. Aristizábal (item 211) provides an in-depth examination of the penetration of the Spanish Empire by German merchants with the advent of free trade in the fi nal years of the 18th century. A comprehensive survey of transportation across the Pacific Ocean over five centuries by Jaén Suárez (item 195) includes considerable discussion of Spain’s imperial ventures as well as those of the British, Dutch, and French. The volume edited by del Valle Pavón and Ibarra (item 206) traces patterns of commerce in the Spanish Empire from the late 17th to the early 19th century. Rutkow (item 208) also delivers a longitudinal study, in this case of the Pan-American Highway and its episodic history that began in the 19th century and continues into the 21st. The long-term significance of slavery and race relations, and their impact on economic, social, and cultural history, were prominent topics in scholarly publications. The collection edited by Marquese and Salles (item 233) probes the connections between slavery and capitalism in Cuba, Brazil, and the US. Piqueras Arenas (item 203) has written a synthesis on slavery in the Spanish Empire. The volume edited by Misevich and Mann (item 207) assembles a dozen articles that provide detailed portraits of the many dimensions of slavery and its ramifications in the Atlantic world. Catron discusses the presence of Afro-Protestants in the Caribbean, North America, Europe, and Africa (item 215). The life trajectories of free “Black Christians” as they migrated from Spain to the Americas is the subject of an article by Ireton (item 222). Several publications dealing with the impact of the “Great War” in Latin America marked the years surrounding the recent centennial of the armistice that ended World War I in 1918. Although historians of Latin America have often downplayed World War I in the region, new research highlighted in the following publications indicates that this confl ict, fought mostly in Europe, indeed had a meaningful impact throughout various countries. Ramírez Bacca (item 257) presents a useful comparative survey of essays and books on this topic organized in three subregions: Andean, Southern Cone, and Mexico. Palamara (item 256) stresses the challenges in the larger international context, particularly the projections and pretentions of the US and the Soviet Union as the new world powers in the region. The essays assembled by Garciadiego Dantan (item 255) emphasize Mexico; the volume also includes a contribution by Rinke on the ramifications of the European confl ict in the political debates and economic conditions in several Latin American countries. The fundamental understandings of the terms “Latin America” and “Latin American history,” like other large scholarly concepts, evolve over time. In the current biennium, a few thoughtful scholars render some interesting commentary on this crucial, ongoing discussion. Tenorio-Trillo (item 210) explores variations in the meaning of these terms with special attention to the cultural and racial assumptions embedded therein. He also emphasizes the repercussions of the impact

History: General / 53

of the US presence. In a similar vein, García Sudo’s contribution (item 184) to the defi nitional discussion proposes a division of Latin America into two spheres: one made up of Mexico and the circum-Caribbean dominated by the US and the second in South America in which Argentina, Brazil, and Chile engaged with the US in a multipolar system. Nuccetelli (item 2228) points out that a large number of Latin American intellectuals have employed analytical approaches that can be termed applied philosophy in their efforts to characterize prevalent political and social trends. Several scholars contributed to the volume edited by Schuster and Hernández Quiñones (item 194) that offers the digital presentation of visual imagery as a means of defi ning the history and culture of Latin America.

GENERAL

170

Burkholder, Mark A.; Monica Rankin; and Lyman L. Johnson. Exploitation, inequality, and resistance: a history of Latin America since Columbus. New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, 2018. 456 p.: bibl., ill., index, maps. Intended for undergraduate survey courses, this textbook maintains a balance of political, economic, and social themes with a commendable coverage of cultural history spanning the realms of ideas, literature, and popular culture. The organization relies on the customary three time periods: colonial, independence and the 19th century, and the 20th century and beyond. The style is direct and factual with a certain level of sophistication that motivated students will fi nd stimulating.

171

Calvi, Pablo. Latin American adventures in literary journalism. Pittsburgh, Pa.: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2019. 276 p.: bibl., index. (Illuminations) In the present age of political and journalistic polemics, Calvi’s thoughtful historical examination of the evolution of narrative essays seems especially relevant. The broad chronological sweep of this book is grounded by close studies of Francisco Bilbao, Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, and José Martí in the 19th century and Rodolfo Walsh and Gabriel García Márquez in the 20th. Calvi stresses the political and cultural circumstances under which each author wrote and the compelling issues that motivated them. The discussions of the rise of urban bohemias in southern South America, the development of the mass press, and the influence of the Cuban Revolution are also helpful.

172

Cambio institucional y fi scalidad: mundo hispánico, 1760–1850. Edición de Michael Bertrand y Zacarías Moutoukias. Madrid: Casa de Velázquez, 2018. 431 p.: bibl. (Collection de la Casa de Velázquez; 164) This unique assemblage of 18 articles on public fi nance ranges from the Spanish imperial government to provincial, state, regional, and city administrations. The variety of methods used in the recordkeeping is large and can be confusing, but the juxtaposition of the studies forms the groundwork for greater understanding of governmental budgets and the role of fi nance in major historical trends. The geographic emphasis is on New Spain/Mexico and the Río de la Plata.

173

Canales, Carlos. El oro de America: galeones, flotas y piratas. Madrid: Editorial EDAF, 2016. 286 p., 4 unnumbered pages of plates: bibl., ill. (some color). (Clío. Crónicas de la historia) Intended for a popular audience, this book has value for scholars. The discussion of Spain’s treasure fleets, the British and Dutch raiders, the freebooting pirates, and the loss of ships and cargo to storms offers insights to the problems that confronted the Spanish Empire. This historical survey continues into recent decades with commentary on the legal and technical aspects of the recovery of sunken vessels and possibly treasure. The fully documented color illustrations and maps add visual depth that few similar works can match.

174

Congreso Internacional de Historia de las Universidades Hispánicas 12th, Mexico City, 2012. Poderes y educación superior en el mundo hispánico: siglos XV

54 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 al XX. Coordinación de Mónica Hidalgo Pego y Rosalina Ríos Zúñiga. Ciudad de México: UNAM, Instituto de Investigaciones sobre la Universidad y la Educación, 2016. 500 p.: bibl., ill., maps. (Colección La Real Universidad; XXXIII) González y González’s introductory essay on archival sources for colonial universities provides historical context for the 18 specialized contributions. The concentration is on New Spain/Mexico, but there are essays on the Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, trends in university education in Spain, and the life of Professor Manuel Sánchez Sartu between Spain and Mexico during the era of WWII. A companion volume to El poder de las letras (item 187) by González y González.

175

Corvalán Marquéz, Luis. El que no lo vea, renuncie al porvenir: historia de América contemporánea: una visión latinoamericanista. Santiago: Ceibo Ediciones; Valparaíso, Chile: Universidad de Valparaíso Chile, 2016. 1 v. (Colección ensayo; 21) This bold synthesis of Latin American history during the last two centuries pulls together the domestic (internal) histories of individual nations with the imposing impact of foreign powers—especially the US. Chilean historian/geographer Corvalán Marquéz uses the concepts of oligarchic states, caudillismo, and populism integrated into the themes of dependent capitalism and imperialism. The histories of individual nations are presented as case studies.

176

Las cosas del querer: amor, familia y matrimonio en Iberoamérica. Coordinación de Lina Mercedes Cruz Lira, Guiomar Dueñas Vargas y Antonio Fuentes Barragán. Jalisco, Mexico: CULagos Ediciones, 2016. 236 p.: bibl. (Historia) This well-researched set of articles uncovers a diversity of themes within the framework of marriage and the family. The roles of emotions, legitimacy, the law, divorce, and ethnicity are prominent. Four of the contributions deal with New Spain, two with Argentina, and one each with Brazil, Venezuela, and Spain. Chronology runs from the colonial era through the 19th century.

177

De la piedra al pixel: reflexiones en torno a las edades del libro. Edición de Marina Garone Gravier, Isabel Galina

Russell y Laurette Godinas. Ciudad de México: UNAM, 2016. 982 p.: ills. (some color). (Colección Banquete) The history of books is an understudied topic that seldom is mentioned in college survey courses and most works of synthesis. This collection of 30 well-researched essays offers the scholarly community an exploration of the evolution of books over the centuries from preconquest Indigenous works to the digital age. Many of the authors give attention to the material aspects of manuscript/book production, thereby collectively providing a history of the technical and artistic contributions in the production process.

178

Los Dominicos en la política, siglos XVIII-XIX. Edición de Fabián Leonardo Benavides Silva, Eugenio Martín Torres Torres y Andrés Escobar Herrera. Bogotá: Ediciones USTA, 2017. 1 v.: bibl., ill. (some color). (Orden de predicadores, 800 años; 1) These scholarly articles have a welldefi ned focus that is further refi ned by the fact that seven of the 11 contributions concentrate on the independence period. While the content of these seven varies, themes that emerge center on the adjustments of the order to weather the storms in the localities under study including Buenos Aires, Cartagena, Alto Perú, and Santiago de Mexico. The last article is a longitudinal survey of the educational role of the Dominican press and publications in Argentina over the 19th and 20th centuries.

179

Espacios de saber, espacios de poder: iglesia, universidades y colegios en Hispanoamérica siglos XVI-XIX. Coordinación de Rodolfo Aguirre Salvador. México: UNAM, Instituto de Investigaciones sobre la Universidad y la Educación; Bonilla Artigas Editores: Iberoamericana Vervuert Editorial, 2013. 449 p.: bibl., maps. (Colección historia de la educación 2) (Colección Real universidad, Estudios y textos) This substantial collection of scholarly articles offers a broad perspective on Catholic educational institutions from the university level to parochial schools. Geographic parameters stretch from New Spain to Río de la Plata. Three of the selections deal with the expulsion of the Jesuits and

History: General / 55 the last two cover the independence era in Yucatán and Argentina.

180

Estado, cultura y sociedad: aportes del CIESAS en el campo histórico y antropológico. Coordinación de María Teresa Fernández, Laura Machuca, Julia Preciado y Salvador Sigüenza Orozco. Ciudad de México: Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social, 2018. 279 p.: bibl., ill., maps. (Publicaciones de la Casa Chata) A wide variety of topics in state and local history are covered in this collection of nine scholarly articles. Seven concern Mexico including the states of Yucatán, Chiapas, Jalisco, Morelos, and Oaxaca with the Mexican Revolution as the chronological focus for four. One contribution offers a comparison of municipal officials in Mexico and Colombia. The last essay examines the work of the Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores from 1973 to 2015. Alan Knight’s introduction provides historical perspective.

contribution explores the evolution of the juridical concepts of frontiers, and Marcelo da Rocha Wanderly examines the positions of Portuguese and Muslim connections in New Spain.

183

Federalismos: Europa del sur y América Latina en perspectiva histórica. Edición de Manuel Suárez Cortina. Granada, Spain: Editorial Comares S.L., 2016. 384 p.: bibl., index. (Comares historia) The struggle to establish stable, workable nation-states has been a major theme in Latin American history since independence. This collection of 13 articles contains six on Latin America: one on Central America and Mexico, two on Mexico, and one each on Colombia, Argentina, and Peru. The authors point out the diverse experiences of these nations. These unique national trajectories are placed within an international framework. As a group these articles provide a promising foundation for comparative analysis.

184

Estudios sobre la historia del esoterismo occidental en América Latina: enfoques, aportes, problemas y debates. Edición de Juan Pablo Bubello, José Ricardo Chaves y Francisco de Mendonça Júnior. Buenos Aires: Universidad de Buenos Aires, EFFL, 2017. 348 p.: bibl. (Colección Saberes) This collection of nine wellresearched articles includes topics often relegated to the margins of academic research. The authors examine in depth a variety of belief systems and unusual practices including theosophy, spiritualism, Gnosticism, and the career of José López Rega. The bibliographies and analytical commentary open interesting new parameters for scholarship.

García Sudo, Alejandro. Dos sistemas internacionales americanos: origen y consolidación. Ciudad de México: El Colegio de México, 2017. 310 p.: bibl., index. (Jornadas; 172) Interesting interpretation of the history of international relations involving the US and Latin America that delves into a familiar theme that merits more attention. García Sudo sees two systems at work: the Middle American with the US as hegemon and the South American as a multipolar system in which Argentina, Brazil, and Chile maneuver with the US for advantage. Concentrates on the 19th century, but offers a conceptual framework that has relevance for the 20th and 21st centuries.

182

185

181

Extranjeros, naturales y fronteras en la América ibérica y Europa (1492– 1830). Coordinación de Fernando Ciaramitaro y José de la Puente Brunke. Ciudad de México: UACM, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México; Murcia, Spain: edit. um: Red Columnaria, 2017. 293 p.: bibl., 3 maps. (Reflexiones) This wide-ranging collection of seven articles deals with issues surrounding frontiers, European-Indigenous American relations, and powerful family connections in Peru. David Domínguez Hebrón’s

Gibson, Carrie. El Norte: the epic and forgotten story of Hispanic North America. First Grove Atlantic hardcover edition. New York, N.Y.: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2019. 560 p., 16 unnumbered pages of plates: bibl., ill. (some color), index, maps. This historical survey covers the lasting impact of six centuries of Spanish culture and institutions that established roots, sometimes fi rm and sometimes precarious, over a large geographical expanse. Gibson’s synthesis draws from the scholarly tradition founded on the publications of

56 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Herbert Eugene Bolton in the early 20th century. Gibson and Bolton focused on the foundations of the Spanish borderlands that stretched from Santa Elena, South Carolina to the Nootka Sound, Canada to San Antonio de Bexar, Texas to Los Angeles, California. In the colonial era the Spanish relied on the presidio (a military outpost) and the mission (founded by Franciscan, Jesuit, or other regular orders) to establish their claims to this vast territory. Gibson emphasizes US expansionism under Presidents Andrew Jackson and James K. Polk in the 1830s and 1840s and the imperial thrusts epitomized by Theodore Roosevelt as “rough rider” and president. The text carries through to the 21st century and President Donald Trump’s controversial border wall.

186

Gilbert, Dennis L. The oligarchy and the old regime in Latin America, 1880–1970. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 2017. 293 p.: bibl., ill., index. Gilbert’s introduction offers a general picture of the importance of oligarchies in the 19th and early 20th centuries in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and Peru. He then presents a detailed examination of the elevated status and ultimate decline of the Aspillagas, Prados, and Miró Quesadas of Peru. The concluding chapters return to the level of generalizations with some penetrating observations on the patterns of oligarchic failure to sustain their dominant positions. The portrait of the Miró Quesadas as “aristocratic reformers” gives some insights on a unique family.

187

González y González, Enrique. El poder de las letras: por una historia social de las universidades de la América hispana en el periodo colonial. Con la colaboración de Víctor Gutiérrez Rodríguez. Ciudad de México: UNAM IISUE; Puebla, Mexico: Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, BUAP; Ciudad de México: Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana: Ediciones EyC, 2017. 968 p.: bibl., ill., indexes, maps. The extensive archival resources of Hispanic American universities are explored in this volume that will be a great service to scholars interested in the educational institutions of the colonial era. The commentary by the author and his col-

laborator also provides a perspective on the history of universities in the 19th and 20th centuries accompanied by historiographical details. See also item 174.

188

Goodwin, Robert. América: the epic story of Spanish North America, 1493–1898. New York, N.Y.: Bloomsbury Publishing Inc., 2019. 519 p., 16 unnumbered pages of plates: bibl., ill. (some color), index, maps. A general survey of Spain’s imperial presence including New Spain, Florida, and the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico. Goodwin also covers postcolonial history in northern Mexico through the MexicanUS War of 1846–48. The emphasis in this volume is on individual adventurers such as Cabeza da Vaca, missionaries like Junípero Serra, and colonial officials such as Pedro Menéndez de Avilés and Bernardo de Gálvez. Based on secondary works and primary research, this book is a smoothly written reminder that a substantial part of US history overlaps with Latin American history. Appropriately directed at a broad public readership given the recent demographic and political changes in the US.

189

Guerras civiles: un enfoque para entender la política en Iberoamérica (1830–1935). Edición de Ariadna Islas y María Laura Reali. Madrid: AHILa, Asociación de Historiadores Latinoamericanistas Europeos: Iberoamericana; Frankfurt am Main: Vervuert, 2018. 219 p.: ill. (Estudios AHILa de historia latinoamericana; 15) History and sociology combine in this volume of 11 essays that probe the circumstances surrounding small civil wars or regional revolts against central authority. Contributing factors include ethnicity, religion, and ideology, but some unusual personalities emerge such as the legendary Bolivian “Sargento Tarija” who led forces in the Chaco War. Several contributions examine the responses of central governments as essential to the rise of nation states. Six of the essays concentrate on Argentina with individual contributions on Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, and Bolivia.

190

Hacia una historia global e interconectada: fuentes y temas para la enseñanza (siglos XVI-XIX). Coordinación de Matilde Souto, Alicia Salmerón y Leti-

History: General / 57 cia Mayer. Ciudad de México: Instituto de Investigaciones Dr. José María Luis Mora: Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología: Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, UNAM, 2017. 332 p.: bibl., ill. (Universitarios) Five of the contributions to this edited volume deal with Latin America. The general orientation is the culture of globalization. Three of the articles focus on China and Chinese influences: the role of the Jesuits in China, the impact of Chinese magic in New Spain, and the image of Chinese pirates. One essay concerns European map-maker Herman Moll. Porfi rian Mexico is the focal point in an analysis of that nation’s 1892 commemoration of the arrival of Christopher Columbus. The introductory essay offers a thoughtful synthesis on this complex topic.

191

Hernández, Tanya Katerí. Envisioning the United States in the Latin American myth of “racial democracy mestizaje.” (Lat. Am. Caribb. Ethn. Stud., 11:2, July 2016, p. 187–205, bibl., map) This article reviews recent scholarship on racial discrimination and argues that the emphasis on the Jim Crow racism typical of the US is not sufficiently nuanced to gauge discriminatory practices in the Latin American context—or even in the US. The author examines more sophisticated methods for understanding the varieties of racial discrimination throughout the Americas.

192

Historia agraria y políticas agrarias en España y América Latina desde el siglo XIX hasta nuestros días. Compilación de Germán Carrillo y Justo Cuño. Introducción de Josep Fontana. Madrid: Gobierno de España, Ministerio de Agricultura y Pesca, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente, 2017. 509 p.: bibl., ill., maps. The ownership of agricultural land and how best to use it have been two pressing issues in Latin American history for at least two centuries. Seven of these 10 scholarly articles deal with Latin American topics. One contribution covers the agricultural frontier and the expansion of haciendas. Several authors look into various efforts at land reform and the importance of export crops. A comparative essay analyzes the agricultural histories of Latin America and

Spain. Botella’s concluding essay provides a global perspective.

193

Historia cultural hoy: trece entradas desde América Latina. Edición de Víctor M. Brangier y M. Elisa Fernández. Rosario, Argentina: Prohistoria Ediciones, 2018. 345 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Historia & cultura; 13) These essays assess the changing methodological approaches in the conceptualizations of cultural history as practiced by historians in Mexico, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Colombia. The influence of Europeans and North Americans figures heavily in these studies, including Michael Foucault, Clifford Gertz, Fernand Braudel, Robert Darnton, Orson Welles, and E.P. Thompson. Topics examined in specialized articles include the role of social class and the rise of youth culture in Argentina, the nature of judicial practice, and the emergence of Chilean women in politics. General studies deal with the image of the medical profession, trends in intellectual history, and the commercialization of art.

194

Imaginando América Latina: historia y cultura visual, siglos XIX-XXI. Edición académico de Sven Schuster y Óscar Daniel Hernández Quiñones. Contribuciones de Alejandra Buenaventura et al. Bogotá: Editorial Universidad del Rosario, 2017. 448 p.: ill. (some color). (Colección Textos de ciencias humanas) The use of visual images in history is not limited to the augmentation of written texts, but has the capacity to furnish primary documents as well with interpretive insights. These 12 articles accomplish these goals on a variety of topics: industrialization in Colombia, slavery in Brazil, regional development in Chile, political propaganda in Peru, and the career of Carlos Gardel in Argentina. In general, this volume offers a stimulating vision of how history can be presented to the public as well as scholars in the digital age.

195

Jaén Suárez, Omar. 500 años de la cuenca del Pacífico: hacia una historia global. Madrid: Ediciones Doce Calles, 2016. 637 p., 64 unnumbered pages of plates: bibl., ill. (some color), index. (Colección pictura mundi)

58 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 This synthesis of transpacific history is a parallel to the transatlantic histories that have appeared in recent years. Jaén Suárez concentrates on the Spanish imperial effort in North and South America, the Philippines, and several Pacific islands, but also includes other nations. One chapter covers the scientific expeditions by the British, French, Dutch, and Germans in the colonial era and the 19th century. The fi nal two chapters examine the geopolitical struggles for control of the region including WWII and the globalization of the Pacific economy from Spain’s Manila Galleon to the Panama Canal. The economic surge of the late 20th and early 21st centuries is not examined in depth, but the background is presented in this massive volume.

196

Kagan, Richard L. The Spanish craze: America’s fascination with the Hispanic world, 1779–1939. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2019. 611 p.: bibl., index. Kagan brings together art, architecture, literature, history, and cinema in this smoothly written survey of the lasting influence of Spain in both the higher culture and mass popular culture of the US. While negative views rooted in the SpanishAmerican War and the “black legend” of the Spanish Empire gained some adherents, the work of Hispanophiles such as William Dean Howells, Archer M. Huntington, Helen Hunt Jackson, Charles Lummis, and Herbert Eugene Bolton gave a broader, deeper, and more positive assessment of the imprint of Spain and Spanish America.

197

Latinoamérica en clave histórica y regional. Compilación de María Rosa Carbonari y Graciana Pérez Zavala. Río Cuarto, Argentina: Unirío Editora, UNRC, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, 2018. 278 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Líneas del tiempo) This thoughtfully organized volume of nine articles begins with a focal point on the southern part of the state of Córdoba in Argentina and then proceeds to connect these historical experiences with larger trends in Argentina and Latin America in general. The authors probe deeply into local primary sources and cover a chronological framework from the prehispanic era to the turn of the 21st century. Academic

disciplines include archeology, history, geography, political science, economics, and sociology. An exemplary collection that places regional history in its national and international contexts.

198

A library for the Americas: the Nettie Lee Benson Latin American Collection. Edited by Julianne Gilland and José Montelongo. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2018. 199 p.: bibl., ill., maps, photos. (Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long series in Latin American and Latino art and culture) The extensive resources of the Benson Latin American Collection receive appropriate description in both words and visual images in this handsome volume. David Block’s historical essay traces this worldclass institution’s evolution from the original book purchase by Charles Wilson Hackett and H.J. Lutcher Stark in Mexico City in 1921 to the large acquisitions in the last few decades. Growth in bound volumes rose from 16,000 in 1921 to 1,108,000 in 2016. This publication features excellent reproductions of maps, photographs, and documents in the collection. Taken as a whole, this volume points out that the Benson Collection itself played a role in inter national history with its immense holdings and strategic location in Texas and the MexicanUS borderlands.

199

Masiello, Francine R. The senses of democracy: perception, politics, and culture in Latin America. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2018. 326 p.: bibl., index. This creative exploration of the interplay among the human senses and new technologies of sound, visual reproduction, and communications places Latin American writers and artists in an environment in which culture and politics mingle in ways not often fully grasped by pragmatic practitioners of historical research and writing— the “nuts and bolts” historians. The breadth of Masiello’s purview is impressive including Argentina’s precocious periodical Caras y caretas, the writing of Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, Esteban Echeverría, Juana Manuela Gorriti, William Henry Hudson, and Roberto Arlt, and the art of Xul Solar. Her treatment of the ramifications of neoliberalism offers a penetrating perspective as do

History: General / 59 her comments on the sensory experience of the cyber world.

200

Medeiros, Michelle. Gender, science, and authority in women’s travel writing: literary perspectives on the discourse of natural history. Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books, 2019. 213 p.: bibl., index. (Latin American gender and sexualities) Medeiros’ book documents how a quartet of female travelers managed to negotiate the masculine domain of science in the late 19th and early 20th centuries to open opportunities for themselves and later generations of women. The four were Maria Graham of England, Gertrudis Gómez de Avelleneda of Cuba, Nisia Floresta of Brazil, and Doris Cochrane of the US. They pursued their interests during a time in which imperialism often dominated Latin America’s ties with the outside world, but they managed to transcend cultural barriers in this system to study the natural world in a professional manner. Medeiros uses their published writing along with diaries and letters to construct compelling portraits.

the 19th century. Each selection is preceded by an introduction. The 38-page opening essay by the editor gives the context for the volume and also offers thoughtful generalizations on the historiography of captivity studies and ethnohistory.

203

Piqueras Arenas, José Antonio. La esclavitud española en América Latina y el Caribe. La Habana: Editora Historia, 2016. 215 p.: bibl. A well-timed synthesis of the history of slavery in the Spanish Empire from its inception to abolition in the 1880s. Includes institutional aspects as well as perceptive observations on the mistreatment of slaves and also the role of slavery in Spanish and Cuban capitalism. One chapter concerns the slave plantations in the Caribbean and two cover the debates that led to abolition. Based on published scholarship.

204

Miradas antropológicas, históricas, arquitectónicas y museográficas del patrimonio industrial y cultural de México y América Latina. Coordinación de Isaura Cecilia García López y Humberto Morales Moreno. Puebla, Mexico: Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, 2017. 154 p.: bibl., ill. (Historia, sociedad y cultura / Cuerpo Académico de Antropología Social (Consolidado)) This innovative set of scholarly articles explores the connections between and among material culture, technological change, and broader historical trends. Four of the studies concern Mexico: agricultural aspects of the hacienda system, patent records in the Archivo General de la Nación, recent changes in the Centro Histórico of Mexico City, and the artistic aspects of traditional textiles. One article deals with the electric power grid in Brazil.

Las poblaciones indígenas en la conformación de las naciones y los estados en la América Latina decimonónica. Coordinación y edición de Ingrid de Jong y Antonio Escobar Ohmstede. México: El Colegio de México, A.C.: Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios, Superiores en Antropología Sociales (CIESAS); Michoacán, Mexico: El Colegio de Michoacán, 2016. 478 p.: bibl., ill., maps. (Centro de estudios históricos) This collection of scholarly studies examines how elite domination of Native Americans was held in place through the independence era, the emergence of nationstates, and the arrival of liberal capitalism. The authors make close examinations of villages, communities, and regions based on new research in archives and other sources that contain primary material. These articles emphasize the responses of Native Americans to outside dominance. The coverage extends throughout Latin America. Contributions on northern Mexico, Chile, and Argentina deal with their respective frontiers in innovative ways.

202

205

201

Operé, Fernando. Relatos de cautivos en las Américas desde Canadá a la Patagonia: siglo XVI al XX. Buenos Aires: Corregidor, 2016. 331 p.: bibl. This anthology consists of 16 fi rstperson accounts of captivity in the hands of Native Americans in the colonial era and

Raza y política en Hispanoamérica. Coordinación de Tomás Pérez Vejo y Pablo Yankelevich. Madrid: Iberoamericana; Ciudad de México: Bonilla Artigas Editores: El Colegio de México, 2018. 388 p.: bibl. (Tiempo emulado: historia de América y España; 58)

60 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 The 10 contributions to this edited volume examine the concept of race from a variety of perspectives to assess the role of this often-controversial topic. Sometimes used as a motivational device to inspire political support and sometimes employed in the form of prejudice to divide people and nations, race was and continues to be a compelling topic for analysis. Mexico is the subject of three contributions, and Cuba, Argentina, Central America, Colombia, and Brazil are featured as the focal points in five others. One article deals with racial issues in Spain and another gives an overview on this subject in southern South America.

206

Redes, corporaciones comerciales y mercados hispanoamericanos en la economía global, siglos XVII-XIX. Coordinación de Guillermina del Valle Pavón y Antonio Ibarra. Ciudad de México: Instituto de Investigaciones Dr. José María Luis Mora: Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Technología, 2017. 490 p.: bibl., ill., index. (Historia económia) Twelve articles form the foundation for this collection that documents a range of patterns in commerce from the 17th century to the early 19th century. Eight of the contributions concern New Spain/ Mexico and one each are devoted to Buenos Aires, the Bolivian port of Cobija, Arica, and Montevideo. The depth of the research and the analytical strengths of the authors are reflected in the balance between narrative text and quantitative material.

207

The rise and demise of slavery and the slave trade in the Atlantic world. Edited by Philip Misevich and Kristin Mann. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press, 2016. 361 p.: bibl., ill., maps. (Rochester studies in African history and the diaspora; 71) This collection of 12 articles draws from intensive and extensive research on slavery, the slave trade, abolition, and the various forms of forced, exploitative labor into the contemporary era. These authors fi rmly place their fi ndings in the framework of transatlantic history. This volume brings much-needed attention to new fi ndings on the origins of enslavement in Africa, the adaptability of slave labor systems in the Americas over time, the gaps between

the end of the slave trade and slavery itself, and the persistence of postslavery forms of involuntary servitude through the 19th and 20th centuries. The primary research here is impressive, but the specialist will also appreciate the close attention to historiography and the lengthy bibliography.

208

Rutkow, Eric. The longest line on the map: the United States, the PanAmerican Highway, and the quest to link the Americas. New York: Scribner, 2018. 438 p.: bibl. Provides a fast-paced survey of efforts to link the US with Argentina and the nations in between by means of land transportation. The idea flourished, floundered, and was revived with regularity from the 1860s through the next century and a half. The founding father of the movement, Hinton Rowan Helper, was a progressminded promoter tainted by racist beliefs. Other visionaries with varying grasps on reality took up the cause from James G. Blaine to W.G. McAdoo. By 1920, the paved highway replaced the railroad as the preferred pathway. The Good Neighbor Policy combined with large budgets for public works revived the project in several nations, and security concerns during World War II gave it another boost. After a sag in interest, transportation-minded US President Dwight Eisenhower reinstated the construction budget, but the swampy lowlands of the Darien gap and environmental issues fi nally blocked it. Research in US sources is a strength. The author also mentions Latin American reactions (positive, negative, and in between), a theme that deserves further attention.

209

Sanfi lippo, Matteo. Bonomelli, Scalabrini y la emigración italiana. (Estud. Migr. Latinoam., 29:78/79, enero/dic. 2015, p. 3–12) Considers the roles of the Catholic Church and the Italian government in the protection of immigrants from northern and central Italy to Latin America—mainly Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil. Concentrates on the European aspects.

210

Tenorio-Trillo, Mauricio. Latin America: the allure and power of an idea. Chicago, Ill.: The University of Chicago Press, 2017. 239 p.: bibl., index.

History: General: Colonial / 61 This nicely written, thoughtful study of the conceptual origins of the term “Latin America” is much more than an exercise in etymology. Tenorio-Trillo traces its evolution from the mid-19th century to the present with forays on related questions concerning the place of Brazil in Latin America and the large presence of the US. This book also looks into variations in the meaning of the term, including its relationship with anti-imperialism. Although the term never gained a defi nitive meaning and, according to Tenorio-Trillo, is largely inaccurate and misleading, its persistence in many forms and circumstances over the years gives this book a special value not only for historians, but also for commentators on contemporary culture and politics. COLONIAL

211

Aristizábal, Catherine. Hacer las Américas en Cádiz: comerciantes alemanes y sus vínculos mercantiles con hispanoamericanos a fi nes de la época colonial. Rosario, Argentina: Prohistoria Ediciones, 2017. 279 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Historia moderna; 8) Extensive archival research in Cádiz, Sevilla, Hamburg, and Buenos Aires underlies this impressive monograph on the growth of German trade in Spanish America in the decades before independence. The establishment of free trade within the Spanish Empire in 1778–83 opened the way. Aristizábal discusses the importance of several family fi rms such as Borkenstein, Gunterman, Sylingk, and the Bohl brothers. Based on her PhD thesis, the author presents a cohesive narrative reinforced by solid statistical information.

212

Aspectos de la historiografía moderna: milicia, iglesia y seguridad: homenaje al profesor Enrique Martínez Ruiz. Coordinación de Magdalena de Pazzis Pi Corrales y José Cepeda Gómez. Madrid: Actas Editorial, 2018. 541 p.: bibl. This homage to the inspirational and prolific Enrique Martínez Ruiz concentrates on military history of Spain and Spanish America. Ten of the contributions are in this area, and three are on naval history, three on public order security, and three on ecclesiastical history. Although the topical

content of these well-researched articles (many based on research in archives) defies convenient generalization, taken as a group they provide scholars with a useful perspective on the purpose and performance of imperial geopolitical and security policies.

213

Bauer, Ralph. The alchemy of conquest: science, religion, and the secrets of the New World. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2019. 649 p.: bibl., ill., index. (Writing the early Americas) The word alchemy in this study is defi ned not in the popular sense as the search for a means to transform matter, but rather in a larger, philosophical sense as the quest for new knowledge. Bauer’s focus is on the place of alchemy in the emergence of the concept of “discovery” in the context of the scientific revolution of the 1500s and 1600s and also in the geopolitical sense as employed by the Spanish in the era of Christopher Columbus. The “Discovery of America” as a historical and historiographical event has undergone monumental changes in the last six or seven decades. Bauer’s sophisticated study places this change in a broad context that spans the academic disciplines of philosophy, literature, economics, anthropology, and science—as well as history. Featured prominently in Bauer’s analysis are the historical figures of Ramón Llull, Walter Raleigh, Francis Bacon, and Alexander von Humboldt. Other participants in this long-running discussion/debate are Edmundo O’Gorman, Daniel J. Boorstin, and Stephen Greenblatt. A significant synthesis in the intellectual history of the conquest and of colonial studies.

214

Brendecke, Arndt. The empirical empire: Spanish colonial rule and the politics of knowledge. Berlin: De Gruyter Oldenbourg, 2016. 322 p.: bibl., ill., index. The acquisition, movement, analysis, and use of information have become subjects of intense interest in the 21st century, but these same subject areas, when applied to the Spanish Empire in the Americas, open the way for substantial new historical insights. Brendecke’s deep research in Spanish archives leads to the formulation of “the vigilante triangle” as a device for understanding the acquisition and movement of information within the imperial

62 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 hierarchy. The author examines the Council of the Indies (Consejo de Indias), the Crown, and colonial officials as they practiced the “politics of knowledge” to offer a new perspective on Spain’s empire and a conceptual framework applicable to other imperial systems.

source of nutrition and a pleasant innovation in the dietary practices in Spain, Europe in general, as well as Peru and Guatemala. Earle’s writing is as entertaining as it is informative. She offers a stimulating look at yet another dimension of the Enlightenment.

215

218

Catron, John W. Embracing Protestantism: Black identities in the Atlantic world. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2016. 302 p.: bibl., index. Using “the Atlantic World” as the framework, Catron connects the Caribbean with coastal North America and West and Central Africa to reveal the strength of evangelical Protestantism among enslaved people who found in it identity and cultural expression as means of surviving enslavement. Catron devotes one chapter to the British island of Antigua as a vital center for fomenting and spreading this energetic form of Protestantism. The chapter entitled “The Black Evangelical Diaspora” documents the transnational foundations for Protestantism in African communities in North America and the Caribbean.

216

DuPlessis, Robert S. The material Atlantic: clothing, commerce, and colonization in the Atlantic World, 1650–1800. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2016. 351 p.: bibl., ill., index, maps, plates. Inventive use of primary sources and extensive, energetic archival research together provide the foundation for this pioneering history of textiles, fashion, and globalization among the four continents that share the Atlantic basin. DuPlessis includes a range of female and male clothing from well-to-do Europeans to indentured servants and enslaved people. The emergence of British preeminence in the transatlantic textile trade in the 1700s is documented, as is the intensification of the globalization of prices. High-quality reproductions of illustrations and maps add much to this work, as do the lists of archives consulted and the 38-page bibliography.

217

Earle, Rebecca. Potatoes and the Hispanic Enlightenment. (Americas/ Washington, 75:4, Oct. 2018, p. 639–660) The humble potato earned plaudits from Enlightenment writers as a good

Figueroa Cancino, Juan David. Regiones muy ricas de oro y gemas: información y representaciones sobre piedras preciosas en las primeras fuentes impresas sobre América (1493–1526). (Front. Hist., 22:2, julio/dic. 2017, p. 114–138, bibl.) The flows of information about the presence of precious stones including speculation, reasonable anticipation, and practical geographic/physical location are the basis for this well-researched article. Gold and silver tended to dominate the information stream, but Figueroa Cancino documents reports concerning emeralds and other highly valued stones. De orbe novo decades by Pietro Martire d’Anghiera (Peter Martyr) appears as a crucial source.

219

Finucane, Adrian. The temptations of trade: Britain, Spain, and the struggle for empire. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2016. 212 p.: bibl., ill., index, maps. (Early modern Americas) Meticulous archival research undergirds this superb monograph on British efforts to penetrate the Spanish Empire, especially in the circum-Caribbean in the fi rst half of the 18th century. The British used the Spanish asiento agreement to provide enslaved people and manufactured goods to American residents in the otherwise restricted imperial commerce. Finucane emphasizes the role of Jamaica in the legal trade and in the persistent smuggling that permeated parts of the Spanish Empire. In terms of trade and the personal experience of British agents, the two empires actually overlapped. For the comment by a specialist in international relations, see HLAS 75:1348.

220

Indigenous persistence in the colonized Americas: material and documentary perspectives on entanglement. Edited by Heather Law Pezzarossi and Russell N. Sheptak. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2019. 250 p.: bibl., index, maps.

History: General: Colonial / 63 The traditional, one-dimensional view of the colonial era as a history of European and US exploration, conquest, and institutional building is undercut by these 10 scholarly articles that document the Native American perspective and repeated Native American initiatives in response to outside intrusions. The authors combine archeological research with fi ndings in historical archives to build in-depth case studies. The geographical concentration includes Honduras, Guatemala, central California, the Orinoco basin of Venezuela, and a perspective on Comanche imperialism in the Rio Grande Valley. Detailed maps and a lengthy bibliography.

221

La Inquisición: viejos temas, nuevas lecturas. Coordinación de Manuel Peña Díaz y Jaqueline Vassallo. Contribuciones de Ricardo García Cárcel et al. Córdoba, Argentina: Brujas, 2015. 261 p.: bibl. (Colección El mundo de ayer) These 12 articles concentrate on three themes: power as manifested through public influence, the role of women in the history of the Inquisition, and the place of this formidable institution in daily life. Based on impressive research, the authors give considerable attention to the voluminous historiography.

222

Ireton, Chloe. “They are Blacks of the caste of Black Christians”: Old Christian Black blood in the sixteenth- and early seventeenth-century Iberian Atlantic. (HAHR, 97:4, Nov. 2017, p. 579–612, bibl.) Detailed multi-archival research supports this innovative examination of a little-studied component of the African population in colonial Latin America. Free Christian Blacks from Spain migrated to America where they experienced a variety of living conditions from poverty and marginalization to prosperity and social accommodation. Ireton also outlines new directions for future research in this and related areas.

223

Martínez Almira, María Magdalena. Musulmanes en Indias: itinerarios y nuevos horizontes para una comunidad bajo sospecha. Ciudad de México: UNAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas, 2018. 588 p.: bibl., color maps. (Doctrina jurídica; 847)

This extensive volume covers a largely neglected topic of growing interest in this era of heightened awareness of cultural and religious diversity. Martínez Almira’s dedicated archival research is indicated in the numerous footnotes. This volume deals with the Hapsburg period. The author provides a helpful introduction and then examines Spanish colonial laws and regulations regarding the movement of Muslim people, the collaboration between the royal officials and the Catholic Church in dealing with Muslim communities, and the processes of integration, assimilation, and acculturation. An impressive and original synthesis.

224

Masters, Adrian. A thousand invisible architects: vassals, the petition and response system, and the creation of Spanish imperial caste legislation. (HAHR, 98:3, Aug. 2018, p. 377–406, bibl.) Diligent archival research leads to new perspectives on the operational methods of the Council of the Indies in the creation of a legal framework for the empire’s caste system. Individual petitioners included Indians, mestizos, and mulatos, as well as Spaniards, who had a considerable, sometimes direct, impact on the pronouncements of the Council resulting in a process at variance with the usual top-down imperial dynamic.

225

Miño Grijalva, Manuel. El obraje: fábricas primitivas en el mundo hispanoamericano en los albores del capitalismo (1530–1850). Ciudad de México: El Colegio de México, 2016. 471 p.: bibl., ill., maps. A major synthesis on the development of obrajes. Miño Grijalva combines research in primary documents with a fi rm grasp of published studies. A lengthy chapter examines the basic technology and the division of labor. The author also delves into institutional history, including budgets, government regulations, and salaries for workers. Case studies include obrajes in Puebla, New Spain, and Cuzco, Peru. The last chapter covers the transition away from the traditional obrajes and the arrival of modern industrialization in the early 1800s. Extensive bibliography.

226

Premo, Bianca. The Enlightenment on trial: ordinary litigants and colonialism in the Spanish Empire. New York,

64 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 N.Y.: Oxford University Press, 2017. 361 p.: bibl., ill., index. A prodigious amount of archival research supports this innovative study of the role of the law and courts on litigation brought by peoples of inferior social and political status against those who held positions above them in the extant hierarchies. The time period is the last half of the 18th century and the geographical expanse is New Spain, Peru, and Spain. The protagonists (or litigants) are Native Americans, African enslaved people, and women, all of whom used the law to challenge the dominant figures in their lives. In a general sense, Premo’s fi ndings add an important dimension to Spanish colonial history as well as to social and legal history. Raminelli, Ronald. Nobrezas do Novo Mundo: Brasil e ultramar hispânico, séculos XVII e XVIII. See item 1140.

lent of the US marines. The volume discusses their duties as protectors of ships and naval installations as well as the dangerous task of forming boarding parties in close ship-to-ship combat and the defense of the empire against interlopers such as John Hawkins. The appendix includes over 150 pages of details about personnel and operations.

229

Taboada, Hernán. Extrañas presencias en nuestra América. Ciudad de México: UNAM, 2017. 229 p.: bibl., index, maps. (Colección Historia de America Latina y el Caribe; 20) A stimulating overview of the variety of actions and influences exerted by Islamic and Greek visitors to Latin America focused mainly on the colonial period. Using a combination of primary sources and published scholarship, Taboada demonstrates the porousness of the Iberian empires. An effective probing of the margins of imperial culture and security.

Religiões e religiosidades, escravidão e mestiçagens. See item 1143.

INDEPENDENCE AND 19TH CENTURY

227

Represión, tolerancia e integración en España y América: extranjeros, esclavos, indígenas y mestizos durante el siglo XVIII. Edición de David González Cruz. Aranjuez, Spain: Ediciones Doce Calles, 2014. 350 p.: bibl. Eight of the 13 contributions focus on Spain. The areas of colonial Latin America included are Florida, Louisiana, Peru, and Chile. All of these studies examine the marginal conditions of Native Americans and/or Africans. One delves into the propaganda associated with the Túpac Amaru uprising in Peru in the 1780s. Other topics include the assimilation of Native Americans and Africans in Florida and the rules of Araucanians and Mapuches in southern South America.

228

San Martín de Artiñano, Francisco Javier. La defensa militar de la carrera de Indias: la infantería de Armada y el Tercio de Galeones (1521–1717). Madrid: Ministerio de Defensa, 2015. 656 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Adalid; 66) Thorough scholarly research and convenient organization give this volume much value for professional researchers as well as for the general reader who is interested in daring exploits in military history. The “infantry of the Armada” was the Spanish equiva-

La Carta de Jamaica en el siglo XXI: aproximaciones críticas a un documento bicentenario. See item 817.

230

La Carta de Jamaica: visiones, imaginarios y geopolítica: bicentario, 1815–2015. Compilación de Carlos H. Barrera Martínez. Tunja, Colombia: Academia Boyacense de Historia, 2015. 307 p.: bibl., ill. Bolívar’s extensive analysis of Latin American society and politics appeared in his lengthy “Jamaica Letter,” which is reproduced in this book. Eight thought-pieces and commentaries explore this document in terms of ideology, geopolitics, and contemporary influence. The fi nal contribution assesses the importance of Bolívar’s letter on the emergence of Hispanism as a transnational movement. For a related study, see item 817.

231

Congreso Ecuatoriano de Historia, 8th, Quito, 2009. De colonias a estados nacionales: independencias y descolonización en América y el mundo en los siglos XIX y XX. Edición de Enrique Ayala Mora. Buenos Aires: Corregidor; Quito: Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar, Ecuador, 2019. 348 p.: bibl.

History: General: Independence and 19th Century / 65 This scholarly collection contains a dozen contributions that establish the groundwork for comparative studies of Latin American independence movements with similar movements in Africa and India in the 20th century. The authors employ a variety of approaches including foci on Spain and Great Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, the role of juntas in Hispanic America, and Hispanic perceptions of the revolution in Haiti.

232

Cuadernos del bicentenario. v. 1, El proceso de independencia americana en el mundo de la Restauración. v. 2, Los procesos de Independencia en América del Sur. Edición de Gisela Elescano. Textos de José María Portillo Valdés et al. Buenos Aires: Academia Nacional de la Historia, 2017. 2 v.: bibl. These two volumes contain the scholarly contributions to two celebrations of the bicentennial of Argentina’s independence in May 2016: one in Buenos Aires and one in Tucumán. The six essays in volume 1 deal with broad themes in the process of nation-building, such as sovereignty, law, diplomacy, and international ramifications. Volume 2 contains eight essays that cover specific events and personalities in the independence movements in Uruguay, Paraguay, Venezuela, Peru, and Chile—as well as Argentina.

233

Escravidão e capitalismo histórico no século XIX: Cuba, Brasil e Estados Unidos. Organização de Rafael Marquese e Ricardo Salles. Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira, 2016. 321 p.: bibl., ill. These five well-researched essays focus on 19th-century slavery and its connections with capitalism in three countries: Brazil, Cuba, and the southeastern US. Robin Blackburn examines in general terms the economic bases of the “second slavery” that emerged in the 19th century. Dale Tomich’s contribution explores the impact of the “new economic history,” especially Fogel and Engerman’s Time on the Cross (1974). The essay by Rafael Marquese and Ricardo Salas deals with the historiography of Brazilian slavery while José Antonio Piqueras analyzes the historiography of Cuban slavery. Edward Baptist provides a stimulating thought piece on the longitudinal effects of slavery in the US.

234

Ferrer Benimeli, José Antonio. Masonería, iglesia, revolución e independencia. Prefacio de Jorge Valencia Jaramillo. Posfacio de Óscar de Alfonso Ortega. Bogotá: Editorial Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, 2015. 223 p.: bibl. The importance of Masonry in the Latin American independence movements has become a marginal topic for most scholars but manages to hold the interest of some general readers. Most of this volume concerns the role of Masonry in the Catholic Church and in the French Revolution, but a 40-page chapter contributes to its minimalization as a factor in Latin American independence.

235

Fitz, Caitlin. Our sister republics: the United States in an age of American revolutions. New York, N.Y.: Liveright Publishing Corporation, 2016. 354 p., 8 unnumbered leaves of plates: bibl., ill., index, map. The public response in the US to the Latin American revolutions for independence is the main theme in this scholarly work. Fitz focuses on US newspapers and includes the public statements of political figures such as Henry Clay and James Monroe. The author’s research in US newspapers of the early 19th century is commendable. The study of Simón Bolívar’s public image in the US offers a useful perspective. The volume portrays the mood in popular culture and its reflections in political discourse that set the environment for the Monroe Doctrine.

236

García López, Ana Belén. Las heroínas silenciadas en las independencias hispanoamericanas. Barcelona: megustaescribir, 2016. 337 p.: bibl. The role of women in the Latin American independence movements goes beyond Manuela Sáenz. This book is best characterized as an encyclopedia that presents a series of brief country-by-country narratives supported by lists of the women involved containing basic biographical information. As such, this publication serves as a useful guide for researchers on this topic. The bibliography includes a large number of internet references to manuscripts and working papers. A central message here is that there is much research being done and much more to do on this topic.

66 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76

237

Horowitz, Gabriel. The natural history of Latin American independence. (CR, 16:3, Winter 2016, p. 211–232, bibl.) A perceptive thought piece on the history of and current debates surrounding the intellectual process of decolonization. Horowitz concentrates on the poetry of Cuban José María Heredia, placing it in a broad cultural context. He sees the natural environment as a factor in the emergence of an ambiguous, flawed sense of Creole nationalism. The author refers to the ideas of Anthony Pagden and takes exception with Mary Louise Pratt.

238

Libertad, tierra e igualdad: las clases populares en las revoluciones de la Independencia. Edición de Omar Acha et al. Buenos Aires: Herramienta Ediciones: Contrahegmonía Web, 2018. 159 p.: bibl. (Colección Cuadernos de contrahegemonía; 1) This stimulating collection of articles and thought pieces opens some possibilities for further research on the role of the common folk in the early 19th-century movements for independence. The contributions to this volume contrast with customary emphasis on elite leadership.

239

O’Phelan, Scarlett. La independencia en los Andes: una historia conectada. Lima: Fondo Editorial del Congreso del Perú, 2014. 373 p.: bibl., ill. (chiefly color). O’Phelan has written a smoothly organized, readable synthesis. As indicated by the title, the various revolts for independence in Venezuela and throughout Andean America eventually were connected under the leadership of Simón Bolívar as well as Bernardo O’Higgins, José de San Martín, and Antonio José Sucre. The author goes beyond biography and geography to discuss the roles of various social and ethnic groups with attention to Túpac Amaru and his followers among Native Americans. This book combines original research with the fi ndings of other scholars. The clear prose style along with the extensive color illustrations will have a strong appeal for the general reader as well as the scholar.

240

Preuss, Ori. Transnational South America: experiences, ideas, and identities, 1860s-1900s. New York, N.Y.: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.

176 p.: bibl., ill., index. (Routledge studies in cultural history; 44) This innovative study pulls together the writings of intellectuals, journalists, and diplomats who began to form a transnational identity that incorporated an awareness of and, in many cases, a resistance to the lingering presence of European (mainly British) economic and cultural power and the rise of the US as the hemispheric hegemon. Preuss emphasizes the role of newspapers and magazines and features their writing as a type of public opinion. Buenos Aires and Rio de Janeiro are cultural focal points. Some of the prominent figures include Domingo Sarmiento, Estanislao Zeballos, Joaquim Nabuco, and Francisco Otaviano. An outstanding synthesis on an important but neglected topic.

241

Rodríguez Ordóñez, Jaime Edmundo. “Lo político” en el mundo hispánico. v. 1, Historiografía, comparaciones, procesos políticos. v. 2, Dos militares, México, Quito. Zamora, Mexico: El Colegio de Michoacán; Irvine: University of California, Irvine, 2015. 2 v. (663 p.): bibl., index. (Colección Investigaciones) Although focused on Mexico and Ecuador, this book places the independence movements in those two nations in a broad international context. One chapter compares the Hidalgo-sparked uprising in New Spain with the French Revolution, and Rodríguez Ordóñez also presents a critical examination that questions the influence of the independence movement in the US throughout Hispanic America. There is attention on social and cultural factors in politics with substantial information on Native Americans and mestizos as political actors. The author also has written an extensive historiographical essay as a preface.

242

Sánchez Padilla, Andrés. ¿En defensa de la Doctrina Monroe?: los desencuentros en América Latina entre España y Estados Unidos (1880–1890). (Hist. Crít./ Bogotá, 62, oct./dic. 2016, p. 13–33, bibl.) One decade in the multiphased history of the Monroe Doctrine receives a new infusion of documentary evidence from the Spanish archives regarding tensions between Madrid and Washington in the 1880s. The main variable in this contentious relationship was domestic politics in the

History: General: 20th Century / 67 US. This study provides useful information on the discussion of the neutrality of the French canal (then under construction but not completed) and the organization of the Washington-based Pan American Conference of 1889–90.

243

Territorialidad y poder regional de las Intendencias en las independencias de México y Perú. Compilación de Scarlett O’Phelan Godoy y Ana Carolina Ibarra. Lima: Fondo Editorial del Congreso del Perú, 2019. 498 p.: bibl., ill. (some color). (Colección Bicentenario de la Independencia 1821–2021) The recent tidal waves of social and cultural history have tended to sweep aside administrative and political topics, but this set of articles brings key governmental institutions back into the scholarly attention. This approach is especially appropriate in the assessment of the political dimensions of the independence movements. Five Mexican and four Peruvian historians examine in detail examples of Spanish colonial institutions under stress (northern intendencies in New Spain and the postal system in southern Peru) and the beginnings of new political structures that emerged as a result of independence (republican institutions in Junín and Ayacucho and militarization in New Spain/Mexico). This volume establishes the groundwork for comparative studies in political history.

244

Viajeros e independencia: la mirada del otro. Compilación de Scarlett O’Phelan y Georges Lomné. Lima: Fondo Editorial del Congreso del Perú, 2017. 463 p.: bibl., ill. (chiefly color). (Colección Bicentenario de la Independencia 1821–2021) This volume is a well-documented testimonial to the extent that Latin American independence movements were the subjects of serious concern in Europe and North America. Drawing from the concepts developed by Mary Louise Pratt and Edward Said, the 13 contributors provide both in-depth research and measured conclusions. Ten of the articles have a biographical approach dealing with subjects such as Alexander von Humboldt, William Duane, Maria Graham, and Charles Darwin. One thematic article presents an assessment of Peru by French naval officers, and another offers a collective

portrait of the women of Lima rendered by foreign observers. 20TH CENTURY

245

Burke, Kyle. Revolutionaries for the right: anticommunist internationalism and paramilitary warfare in the Cold War. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2018. 351 p.: bibl., index. (The new Cold War history) The notion that Latin America was a battleground in the Cold War is made evident in this thoroughly researched and well-written academic work. Burke emphasizes the activism of the far right with close attention to Operation Condor, Chile’s Pinochet regime, and its propaganda projects in collaboration with Marvin Liebman in the US. From this point the roots of extremist conservatism in the Americas are laid bare. Anti-communist activism involved both government and private sector organizations that provided training in police work as well as in insurgency and regime destabilization. The Latin American countries discussed include Argentina, Paraguay, Nicaragua, Honduras, and El Salvador. The Reagan administration figures prominently in the text. Burke uses a global perspective, but there is substantial Latin American content. The footnotes and bibliography are extensive.

246

Comentario bíblico-teológico latinoamericano sobre Medellín: a 50 años de la II Conferencia General del Episcopado Latinoamericano. Coordinacion de José de Jesús Legorreta. Textos de Leonardo Boff et al. Ciudad de México: Universidad Iberoamericana, 2018. 572 p.: bibl. This volume marks the half-century since the Medellín Conference. The energy and reformista zeal that characterized this meeting receives attention in these commentaries and scholarly articles, as do some of the forces of history that posed challenges and undermined the high hopes of 1968. This volume may be considered of value as a primary source that reflects a special event and a unique era in the history of the Catholic Church in Latin America.

247

Elsey, Brenda. Cultural ambassadorship and the Pan-American Games of the 1950s. (Int. J. Hist. Sport, 33:1/2, 2016, p. 105–126)

68 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 This article reveals the connections between sports, politics, gender relations, and media publicity. Famed Indiana University basketball coach Bobby Knight in 1979 played the part of this quintessential “ugly American” with his widely reported insults to the Brazilian women’s basketball team. Elsey’s study concentrates on the Pan-Am Games in Buenos Aires in 1951, Mexico City in 1955, and Cleveland/Chicago in 1959 to examine the participation of women and look at evidence of intrahemispheric athletic rivalries and political tensions. Thoroughly researched from multiple national sources.

248

Elsey, Brenda and Joshua Nadel. Futbolera: a history of women and sports in Latin America. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2019. 358 p.: bibl., index. (Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long series in Latin American and Latino art and culture) The recent expansion of interest in the role of women as agents of change in popular culture is combined with the explosion of soccer as a global sports phenomenon in this groundbreaking study. The authors set the historical context with their comparative study of the expansion of physical education programs in Chile and Argentina in the early 20th century. They also describe the rise and fall of the ban on women’s soccer in Brazil from the late 1940s to the early 1980s. The case study of the 1971 women’s world championship in Mexico City reveals the frustrations, triumphs, and pitfalls of the sport and its place in international popular culture. The breadth of the research is impressive: magazines, newspapers, interviews, club records, and published documents, as well as previous academic works.

249

Global Latin America: into the twenty-fi rst century. Edited by Matthew Gutmann and Jeffrey Lesser. Oakland: University of California Press, 2016. 356 p.: bibl., ill., index, maps. (Global square; 1) Examinations of globalization invite generalizations that cross academic disciplines. This volume ranges from historical analyses to literary criticism, poetry, and cultural/political journalism. Familiar icons emerge in broader than usual contexts: Fidel Castro, Che Guevera, Jorge Luis Borges,

Pope Francis, and Rigoberta Menchú Tum. Common themes also are featured: fútbol, soybeans, drug culture, telenovelas, cinema, and novels. A stimulating assemblage.

250

Interacción de los exilios en América Latina y el Caribe (siglo XX). Coordinación de Adalberto Santana. Ciudad de México: UNAM, Centro de Investigaciones sobre América Latina y el Caribe, 2017. 168 p.: bibl. (Colección exilio iberoamericano; 6) Latin America has been the refuge for exiles from several oppressive regimes. A significant number of the oppressive governments (mainly dictatorships) have been within the region—including Nicaragua, Venezuela, and Bolivia—as examined in the fi rst five contributions to this edited volume. The last five deal with exiles from fascist Spain and Nazism in Germany. Taken together, these studies help explain the dynamism of leftist politics in Latin America as these exiles contributed their energy and compelling stories across the hemisphere.

251

McConahay, Mary Jo. The tango war: the struggle for the hearts, minds, and riches of Latin America during World War II. New York, N.Y.: St. Martin’s Press, 2018. 320 p.: bibl., ill., index, map. Written in an entertaining style, this history of WWII in Latin America stretches from the 1920s into the Cold War. Based on a survey of English and Portuguese published books, interviews, some archival and personal documents, and internet sources, McConahay’s study makes clear that the WWII era in Latin America is a broad topic that has to include the influence and actions of the US, the European powers, and Japan, as well as the histories of Mexico, Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, and other Western Hemisphere nations. This popular history is a commendable pioneering work that spans national and cultural boundaries.

252

Memoria, historia y ruralidad: teoría y métodos. Edición de Sebastián González M. Textos de Roberto Ojeda Pérez et al. Bogotá: Universidad de La Salle, Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades, 2015. 154 p.: bibl. These five essays explore the complex relationships between memory and his-

History: General: 20th Century / 69 tory with special attention to the changing conditions of rural communities over the last few decades. The contributors delve into psychology and philosophy as a means to build a new phase in the historiography of rural inhabitants caught up in the sweeping changes inspired by neoliberalism and its consequences.

253

Misioneros fundacionales del adventismo sudamericano. Textos de Daniel Plenc et al. 3a edición, revisada. Libertador San Martín, Argentina: Universidad Adventista del Plata, Editorial, 2016. 259 p.: bibl., ill. (Teología. Serie Pioneros) A survey of the arrival and expansion of the Seventh-Day Adventist Church through biographical studies of 12 of its pioneering missionaries. The primary activities of these 12 include evangelization, education, medical care, and the publication and distribution of religious material. The essays in this volume concentrate on the fi rst half of the 20th century and are supported by extensive footnotes.

254

Movimientos estudiantiles del siglo XX en América Latina. Coordinación de Vania Markarian. Rosario, Argentina: Hya Ediciones, 2018. 197 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Dimensiones del reformismo universitario; 5) Student activism in politics has been a persistent and important phenomenon throughout the 20th century. These wellresearched articles range from Uruguay in the early 1900s to Argentina and Chile in the last decades of the century. Mexico’s 1968 uprising is considered alongside the Uruguayan movement of the same year. This volume as a whole gives insights into the intellectual and social aspects of student movements and furnishes a foundation for a synthesis on this topic.

255

Mundo Hispánoamericano y la Primera Guerra Mundial (colloquium), Colegio de México, 2014. El mundo hispanoamericano y la Primera Guerra Mundial. Coordinación de Javier Garciadiego Dantan. Ciudad de México: El Colegio de México, 2017. 356 p.: bibl. (Jornadas; 173) This edited volume adds depth to our understanding of the era of WWI in Latin America. Half of the eight contributions deal with Mexico, two focus on Spain, and

one on Argentina. The 44-page contribution by Stefan Rinke treats Latin America in general and concludes that the war was a catalyst for broad political, economic, and social change.

256

Palamara, Graziano. Entre guerra y paz: América Latina frente a la tragedia del primer confl icto mundial. (Anu. Colomb. Hist. Soc. Cult., 42:2, julio/dic. 2015, p. 103–126, bibl.) This convenient survey of the responses of the Latin American countries to WWI is based on published works. The author emphasizes changes in the larger international context such as the emergence of the US and the Soviet Union as world powers. Palamara also examines the diplomatic and political problems within government circles caused by the neutrality issue early in the war. The declaration of belligerency by the US in April 1917 created a new set of challenges. The article includes the contrasting experiences of nations such as Brazil, which closely allied with the US, and Mexico and Argentina, which remained neutral throughout the war in spite of pressure from Washington.

257

Ramírez Bacca, Renzo. Estudios sobre la Primera Guerra Mundial en América Latina: una mirada comparada. (Anu. Colomb. Hist. Soc. Cult., 42:2, julio/dic. 2015, p. 43–73, bibl.) A helpful comparative survey of recent scholarship on WWI and Latin America arranged in a region-by-region format. The Andean region is considered fi rst, followed by the Southern Cone, with Mexico in a category to itself. Current research trends focus on the economic, social, and cultural repercussions of the war within national histories. Also included are studies that point out internal historical trends that continued more or less independent of the war. Ramírez Bacca devotes much attention to historiography and includes an extensive bibliography that features European as well as US and Latin American publications.

258

Sierra Caballero, Francisco. La guerra de la información: Estados Unidos y el imperialismo en América Latina. Quito: Ediciones CIESPAL, 2017. 348 p.: bibl. (Economía y políticas de comunicación; 10)

70 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 This perceptive analysis of the imbalances in the flow of information through the internet is set in the broader context of the asymmetrical power relationships involving Latin America and the US. The author includes public diplomacy, propaganda, national security, ideology, and other topics that have been of particular relevance over the last three decades. A much-needed updating of the inter-American struggles in the field of information flow that have been an underrated and little-studied issue since the late 19th century.

to power in the US. His conclusions are perceptive and provocative. With a concentration on methods of gaining and employing power, de la Torre fi nds similarities in the populists’ efforts to restrict or eliminate democratic institutions, to quash opposition movements, and to manipulate or control elections (this article does not include Jair Bolsonaro of Brazil). Many readers in the US will fi nd the author’s thoughtful conclusions about Trump’s parallels with Latin American populists to be sources of anguish and anxiety.

259

261

Sobre las revoluciones latinoamericanas del siglo XX. Coordinación de Gustavo Carlos Guevara. Segunda edición revisada y aumentada. Buenos Aires: Editorial Newen Mapu, 2017. 318 p.: bibl. (América Latina: la historia a contrapelo) (Serie Estudios y debates; 4) This collection of 14 essays approaches the topic of revolution from several perspectives. The fi rst four contributions examine the four major revolutions in a country-by-county survey format: Mexico, Bolivia, Cuba, and Nicaragua. The remaining 10 articles address specific aspects of revolution, revolutionary movements, and/ or revolutionary circumstances in six individual countries and the Southern Cone of South America. One article deals with conditions for campesinos throughout the region. Most of the research is drawn from published sources. For a review of the fi rst edition of this book, see HLAS 72:576.

260

Torre, Carlos de la. Populism revived: Donald Trump and the Latin American leftist populists. (Americas/Washington, 75:4, Oct. 2018, p. 733–753) Populism has a checkered past and an uncertain future. Carlos de la Torre provides a comparative analysis of Latin American manifestations under Juan Perón (Argentina), Hugo Chávez (Venezuela), and Rafael Correa (Ecuador) with Donald Trump’s rise

Urrego Ardila, Miguel Ángel. Historia del maoísmo en América Latina: entre la lucha armada y servir al pueblo. (Anu. Colomb. Hist. Soc. Cult., 44:2, julio/ dic. 2017, p. 111–135, bibl.) The growing importance of China in Latin America in the past few decades is an important theme in global history, and this article offers essential background. Urrego emphasizes the split between Maoism and Soviet communism in the era of the Cuban Revolution and also the appeal of Maoist ideology to peasant groups and other political movements. This article takes Maoism into the post-Cold War period of globalization.

262

Wainer, Luis and Gretel Nájera. Participar o romper: las organizaciones político-militares en América Latina, entre el foco y el movimiento de masas. Prólogo por Inés Nercesian. Buenos Aires: Editorial Biblos, 2016. 150 p.: bibl. (Latitud Sur) This contribution to the literature on Cold War Latin America is primarily concerned with revolutionary movements in Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, and Guatemala. Key organizations include the Montoneros, the Frente Revolucionario Indoamericano Popular, Palabra Obrera, and the Tupamaros. The main themes discussed center around the tensions between direct revolutionary action and the politics of mass participation.

History: Mexico: General / 71

MEXICO General SUZANNE B. PASZTOR , Professor of History, Humboldt State University

OVER THE PAST several years, scholars produced works that add to the growing body of scholarship on women and gender in Mexico’s history. Perhaps the most notable is Jaffary’s brilliant work on the history of reproduction (item 288). Also of particular note is the volume edited by Porter and Fernández Aceves, which assembles studies of women’s experiences in the worlds of work and activism (item 277). Studies by Bailón Vásquez and by Speckman Guerra and Bailón Vásquez examine the history of the sex trade and its regulation, as well as the evolution of views of female criminality (items 297 and 307). Edited volumes by Gállego and by Lisbona Guillén and Chandomí provide selections focused on women in Querétaro and women and feminism in Mexico’s southeast (items 294 and 269, respectively). Gurvich, Hamui, and Hanono offer an interesting examination of the history of Jewish women in Mexico (item 305), and Hernández Carballido and Hernández Téllez provide a forum for women involved in the publication of the feminist magazine Fem, to reflect upon its history (item 275). Regional history and works with a regional emphasis continue to fi nd a place in the literature. Social and cultural history informs the volume edited by Torres Salazar on western Mexico (item 291), while Martínez García focuses especially on the Indigenous history of what is now Mexico state (item 292). The economic history of Tamaulipas is the focus of an edited volume by Hernández Montemayor, Certucha Llano, and Anaya Merchant (item 281). Herrera Pérez has written an accessible general history of the border town of Nuevo Laredo (item 279); Burciaga Campos has assembled essays on the city of Fresnillo over the course of its 450 years (item 276); and Terrones López offers reflections on the history of municipal government in Mexico City (item 268). Finally, Frías Sarmiento and Chávez Ojeda bring together essays on social, cultural, and economic history related to a variety of regions, demonstrating the continuing relevance and use of “micro-history” (item 282). Historical works with a focus on economics and labor are also well represented in the literature of the last biennium. Among the regional or microlevel studies are the edited volume on Tamaulipas’ economic history mentioned above and Castillo Berthier’s work on Mexico City’s main wholesale food market (item 267). Ventura Rodríguez and Rosas Salas also provide an interdisciplinary volume on Mexico’s sugar industry with a focus on six states (item 284), while Bess offers an excellent comparative analysis of Nuevo León and Veracruz in the context of efforts to build Mexico’s infrastructure (item 266). Also appearing during the cycle under review were two studies of Mexico’s place in a capitalist system. Tutino explores the role of landed communities in shaping national and global capitalism (item 306), and Semo brings a Marxist lens to understanding the persistence of underdevelopment and revolutionary activity in Mexico (item 303). Authors turning their attention to labor history include Palacios Hernández, who offers selections on Monterrey’s history of labor activism (item 273), and Quiroz, who explores Mexico City construction workers through a blend of economic and social history (item 299).

72 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76

Several scholars over the past few years produced works on social and cultural history, including some that engage with methodological questions in these genres. Of particular note is Piccato’s intriguing exploration of public perceptions of crime, criminals, and the justice system (item 296). Also of interest is Stevens’ volume on the “inner states” of Mexican lives in the transition from the colonial era to the early republic (item 304). Falcón and Buve have edited a volume focused on the ways in which the popular classes adapted to the pressures of the postindependence era (item 298), and Jarquín Ortega and González Reyes have assembled studies on popular cults, sacred images, and funerary customs (item 302). Books with a focus on methodological considerations include Day’s collection on the use of cultural artifacts in understanding historical moments (item 293), and Pita González’s collection of essays that illustrate the use of social representation theory (item 270). The history of immigration and migration continues to attract scholars. Komarnisky has produced an ethnography of three generations of Mexicans who have moved regularly between Mexico and Alaska (item 290). Durand continues to add to the literature with an excellent volume on the 20th and 21st century history of Mexican migration to the US (item 272). Cunin makes a significant contribution with a focus on Afro-Caribbean migrants to Mexico (item 271). Finally, Serrano Álvarez has assembled essays on a wide range of immigrant groups in Mexico (item 286). Three fi nal works of note that do not fit into the categories above are Rodríguez Gallardo’s study of José Vasconcelos and his efforts to promote literacy (item 300), a volume by Suárez Argüello and Sánchez Andrés that examines the role of unofficial actors in shaping Mexican diplomacy during the 19th and 20th centuries (item 263), and San Miguel’s exploration of the historiographical traditions that have shaped thinking about Mexico and Latin America (item 301).

GENERAL

263

A la sombra de la diplomacia: actores informales en las relaciones internacionales de México, siglos XIX y XX. Coordinación de Ana Rosa Suárez Argüello y Agustín Sánchez Andrés. Michoacán, Mexico: Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Instituto de Investigaciones Dr. José María Luis Mora, 2017. 581 p.: bibl., ill. The fi rst section of this intriguing volume focuses on how unofficial actors, including politicians, businessmen, missionaries, and others, affected and complicated diplomatic discussions. Essays include an examination of the role of Archbishop Pascual Díaz y Barreto’s role in creating a foundation with the Vatican and other countries that paved the way for an end to the Cristero War; and a discussion of how the views of Mexican emigrant and farmworker

Ernesto Galarza influenced the official discussion about the bracero program. Authors in the second section analyze the influence of writers, journalists, travelers, and others in crafting an image of Mexico for the outside world. The role of writer and photographer Alice Dixon in foregrounding Mexico’s precolonial past, and the importance of Mexico’s opposition press in challenging an idealized notion of the Porfi riato, are among the studies in this section. Aboites, Luis. El norte mexicano sin algodones, 1970–2010: estancamiento, inconformidad y el violento adiós al optimismo. See HLAS 75:1469.

264

Acervos regionales en la construcción histórica. Coordinación de Josué Mario Villavicencio Rojas y Blanca Esthela Santibáñez Tijerina. Puebla, Mexico: BUAP, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Instituto de Ciencias Sociales y Huma-

History: Mexico: General / 73 nidades “Alfonso Vélez Pliego”, 2016. 206 p.: bibl., ill. Three generations of scholars connected to the University of Puebla reflect upon their past work in specific archival repositories and suggest ways of utilizing historical sources and conceptualizing archival work. Sources related to the industrial development of Puebla and Tlaxcala, the notarial archives of Puebla, oral histories of women in Mexico’s student movement, and archival avenues to the social history of mining, are among the topics covered.

265

Arizaga Rodarte, José Julio. Así es como éramos: 140 años de historia de la Policía Municipal de Guadalajara: 1874– 2014. Jalisco, Mexico: Editorial Página Seis, 2016. 381 p.: bibl., ill., portraits. The author, who himself served in the municipal police force, provides a survey of its evolution, with a focus on institutional development. He details organizational schemes, uniforms, equipment, and regulations. A fi nal chapter examines special police forces.

266

Bess, Michael Kirkland. Routes of compromise: building roads and shaping the nation in Mexico, 1917–1952. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2017. 206 p.: bibl., index. (The Mexican experience) A comparative analysis of Nuevo León and Veracruz is at the heart of this well-researched exploration of nation building. The author examines the emergence of a road-building bureaucracy (on both the national and local levels), the evolution of ideas about fi nancing, confl icts over public versus private use of roads, corruption, and the legacies of road building. While centralized planning and greater reliance on the private sector was characteristic of Nuevo León’s approach, Veracruz saw a more grassroots approach to infrastructure growth.

267

Castillo Berthier, Héctor F. La Merced: el comercio mayorista de alimentos en el Centro Histórico de la Ciudad de México (1900–1960). Ciudad de México: UNAM, Coordinación de Humanidades, Programa Universitario de Estudios sobre la Ciudad, 2016. 283 p.: bibl., ill. La Merced was the main wholesale food market for the capital city and the

country, until it was replaced in 1982 by a more centralized wholesale market. The author traces the historical antecedents of La Merced, and examines the transformations that the market and its merchants experienced during the Porfirian era, the Mexican Revolution, and the “golden age” of 1940–60. He provides political and economic contexts for understanding such transformations, and supplements the narrative with fi rst-hand accounts of wholesale merchants. A good blend of economic, political, and oral history.

268

Ciudad de México: la política como voluntad y representación, 1800– 2012. Coordinación de María Eugenia Terrones López. Ciudad de México: Instituto de Investigaciones Dr. José María Luis Mora: Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, 2017. 223 p.: bibl. (Historia política) Five historians reflect upon the history of municipal government in the capital city, which was suspended from 1928–88. Essays on the 19th century analyze the evolution of standards of citizenship, the city’s relationship to the national legislature, and the role of the local press in influencing that relationship. Selections on the 20th century examine local interest groups in the context of the Mexican Revolution and its political changes, and explore the era during which the city was reduced to an administrative unit under the control of the federal government. A concluding essay analyzes the reemergence of local representation in the aftermath of the 1985 earthquake and with the establishment of a representative assembly.

269

Clamar en el verde desierto: mujeres en la historia contemporánea del sureste de México. Coordinación de Miguel Lisbona Guillén y Patricia de los Santos Chandomí. Chiapas, Mexico: Centro de Investigaciones Multidisciplinarias sobre Chiapas y la Frontera Sur, UNAM, 2017. 399 p.: bibl., ill. This excellent collection of essays underscores the importance of this region to the broader history of women and feminism in Mexico. Topics include early feminist writings, the antecedents of socialist feminism, feminist congresses, and local feminist movements. Additional selections examine the regulation of prostitution, ana-

74 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 lyze the place of women in Protestant and evangelical movements, explore women and local anti-Chinese discourse, and detail the expansion of women in the tertiary labor force during the 20th century.

270

Coloquio Historia y Representaciones Sociales, Colima, Mexico, 2012. Historia y representaciones sociales. Coordinación de Alexandra Pita González. Colima, Mexico: Universidad de Colima, 2015. 189 p.: bibl., ill. Beginning with a psychologist’s discussion of social representation theory, this volume brings together six essays on topics that (to varying degrees) illustrate this theory at work. Essays predominantly cover the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Authors examine thinking about poverty and the poor during the Porfiriato, images of agraristas during the revolutionary era, and ideas about the Mexican nation promoted in teaching manuals. Additional themes include the role of postrevolutionary hydraulic engineers in promoting an image of a transformed rural and urban landscape and society, the development of a Colima park as cultural representation, and interpretations of destruction caused by a 1907 hurricane in Baja California.

271

Cunin, Elisabeth. Administrar los extranjeros: raza, mestizaje, nación: migraciones afrobeliceñas en el territorio de Quintana Roo, 1902–1940. Traducción de Silvia Kiczkovsky. Ciudad de México: CIESAS: Institut de recherche pour le développement, 2014. 292 p.: bibl., ill. (Publicaciones de la Casa Chata) This excellent study focuses on the Afro-Caribbean heritage of southeastern Mexico in the context of postrevolutionary attempts at national integration. The author engages particularly with the question of how Black migrants came to be seen within the national discourse on race and identity, and with the issue of how the racial dimensions of immigration policies played out at the local level. In the end, Quintana Roo’s Afro-Caribbean presence was constructed in a contradictory way; its Black migrants “neither problematic nor relevant.”

272

Durand, Jorge. Historia mínima de la migración México-Estados Unidos. Ciudad de México: El Colegio de México, 2016. 289 p.: bibl., maps. (Historia mínima)

This is an excellent volume by a wellknown scholar of Mexican migration. The author provides context and analysis for six phases of that migration, beginning with the enganche phase of contract labor around the turn of the 20th century, the deportation/repatriation era of the 1930s, and the Bracero phase at mid-century. A mostly undocumented and more diverse flow of Mexicans from 1965 to 1985 encouraged a subsequent “bipolar” era characterized by efforts at amnesty and US reactions against “illegals.” Durand identifies a last phase coinciding with the 2008 recession, characterized by the informal flow of migrants, and by a US response couched in terms of national security.

273

Entre montañas y sierras: resistencia y organización laboral en Monterrey en el siglo XX. Coordinación de Lylia Palacios Hernández. Prólogo de Rosa Albina Garavito Elías. Monterrey, Mexico: Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, 2017. 418 p.: bibl., ill. (Documentos) The essays in this volume bring to light the dynamic history of labor activism in this important industrial city. Authors examine the development of organized action among workers in the steel, railroad, textile, and tobacco industries (with women’s activism as central to the latter two). Especially useful is the picture that emerges of the local effect of, and response to, neoliberal trends of the latter century, including teacher activism in response to the bankruptcy of the state pension system.

274

Escrituras de la historia: experiencias y conceptos. Coordinación de Luis Gerardo Morales Moreno y Laurence Coudart. Ciudad de México: Editorial Itaca; Cuernavaca, Mexico: Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, 2016. 223 p.: bibl. This brief volume brings together six interviews with historians (and one anthropologist) from Mexico, Colombia, and France: Roger Chartier, Guillermo Zermeño, Francisco A. Ortega, Jaime Humberto Borja, Anne-Christine Taylor, and Ricardo Pérez Montfort. Interviews focus on theoretical and epistemological issues facing contemporary historians.

History: Mexico: General / 75

275

Fem: siempre entre nosotras: veinte años de la primera revista feminista en México. Coordinación de Elvira Hernández Carballido y Josefi na Hernández Téllez. Textos de Isabel Barranco Lagunas et al. Ciudad de México: Documentación y Estudios de Mujeres, 2014. 355 p.: bibl. (Especiales) In this volume, women who took part in the publication of the magazine, Fem, which ran from 1976–2005, reflect on its history and importance. The retrospective includes testimonies by magazine staff members and writers, as well as a section of representative writings.

276

Fresnillo 450: historia, arqueología, cultura y sociedad. Coordinación de José Arturo Burciaga Campos. Textos de Amanda Ramírez Bolaños et al. Zacatecas, Mexico: Taberna Libraria Editores, 2017. 148 p.: bibl., ill., maps. The brief essays in this collection treat a variety of topics, most pertaining to the colonial era and 19th century, and most combining archival and secondary research. What emerges is a general picture of the city’s history, including its demographic makeup over time, its mining heritage, and its more contemporary culinary heritage.

277

Género en la encrucijada de la historia social y cultural de México. Edición de Susie S. Porter y María Teresa Fernández Aceves. Zamora, Mexico: Colegio de Michoacán; Ciudad de México: CIESAS, 2015. 365 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Debates) This collection of essays focuses predominantly on women’s experiences, and the meanings of those experiences, in the contexts of work and social and political activism. Selections on labor examine laundry and seamstress workers from the late colonial era to the early 20th century, telephone operators during the 1920s, and textile workers during the 1930s. Essays on women’s activism and the “public sphere” include explorations of the St. Vincent de Paul charitable society during the era of Liberal Reform, an analysis of early 20thcentury Spanish intellectual Bélen de Sárraga, women as radio personalities during the last half of the 20th century, and Juliet Rublee Barrett, birth control activist in the 1920s. One additional essay examines cor-

ruption and the meanings of masculinity in the postrevolutionary regime of Miguel Alemán.

278

Guía Zaragoza, Juan Gerardo. El dulce en el México del siglo XIX. Ciudad de México: Ediciones Eón; Toluca, Mexico: Facultad de Turismo y Gastronomía, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2017. 212 p.: bibl. (Eón sociales) The author utilizes costumbrista texts and cookbooks to survey sweet drinks and foods, their makers and vendors, and their social contexts. The appendix includes numerous recipes from 19th- and early 20thcentury cookbooks.

279

Herrera Pérez, Octavio. Nuevo Laredo: historia de una ciudad fronteriza mexicana: origen, traslado, transformación y modernidad. Nuevo Laredo, Mexico: Gobierno de Nuevo Laredo; Saltillo, Mexico: Quintanilla Ediciones, 2017. 249 p.: bibl., ill. (some color), maps (some color). This accessible general history charts the evolution of Nuevo Laredo from a Spanish frontier post to a modern, transnational hub. The author is focused primarily on the political and economic transformations of this border town.

280

Historia de la educación en Veracruz: construcción de una cultura escolar. Coordinación de Luz Elena Galván Lafarga y Gerardo Antonio Galindo Peláez. Veracruz, Mexico: Veracruz, Gobierno del Estado, SEV, Secretaría de Educación del Estado de Veracruz, 2014. 634 p., 40 unnumbered pages of plates: bibl., ill. (Colección Veracruz siglo XXI) This collection of 23 essays provides an in-depth exploration of the state’s educational establishments and efforts, with a focus on the 19th and 20th centuries. Several authors examine specific schools and types of schools, including preparatory, rural, and normal. Additional essays explore discourses about education, examine textbook content, and profi le prominent figures in local education. A fi nal section focuses on the late 20th and early 21st centuries, including the state of university education and Indigenous education.

281

Historia económica regional: lecturas. Coordinación de Laura Hernández Montemayor, Mercedes Certucha

76 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Llano y Luis Anaya Merchant. Tamaulipas, Mexico: Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas / UAT, 2013. 527 p.: bibl. (Lecturas históricas de Tamaulipas; IV) This volume casts a wide net (which is often more specific to northern Mexico rather than to Tamaulipas) to provide a general picture of Tamaulipas’ economy from the late colonial era to the late 20th century. The 29 selections include several primary accounts that point to aspects of the region’s economic development, from José de Escandón’s 18th-century account of Nuevo Santander to the views of an agrarista governor from the 1930s. Secondary analyses touch upon a variety of themes, including the history of northern Mexico’s zona libre, the effect of the Texas economy on 19th-century Matamoros, agricultural development, oil workers, and contemporary urban growth.

282

Historia en las regiones de México: economía, cultura y sociedad. Coordinación de Eduardo Frías Sarmiento y Ofelia Janeth Chávez Ojeda. Sinaloa, Mexico: Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa; Ciudad de México: Juan Pablo Editor, 2015. 347 p.: bibl., ill. (Historia) The 15 essays in this volume touch upon several regions of Mexico, and on colonial, 19th and 20th century topics. Selections in the “sociocultural” section include explorations of defensive settlements in the colonial Bajío, the influence of the Constitution of Cádiz on Mexican federalism, social vices in Sinaloa during the Mexican Revolution, and PRI political campaigns in late 20th-century Culiacán. The “economic” section includes studies of taxation in 19thcentury Zacatecas, British investment in the Mexico-Veracruz railroad, the Bucareli Accords, and the electrification of Sinaloa. Collectively, the authors provide an excellent look at the continuing relevance of “micro-history.”

283

Historias de la época colonial y del siglo XIX. Coordinación de José Abel Ramos Soriano. Ciudad de México: Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, 2015. 303 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Interdisciplina. Serie Memorias)

This collection of essays grew out of a series of presentations sponsored by INAH. Themes include printing during the colonial era, “norms and transgressions” (including examinations of colonial religious iconography and female crime during the Porfi riato), “power and daily life” (with examinations of the 19th-century national legislature, of Tacubaya, and of a 19th-century hacienda), “country folk” (including a study of the letters of Morelos sugar hacendado Joaquín García Icazbalceta), and “art and architecture” (with essays on Nahuatl terminology relating to water works, and the work of an expeditionary artist from the French Intervention).

284

Historias y paisajes regionales del azúcar en México. Coordinación de María Teresa Ventura Rodríguez y Sergio Francisco Rosas Salas. Puebla, Mexico: Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Instituto de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades “Alfonso Vélez Pliego”: Dirección de Fomento Editorial, 2017. 421 p.: bibl., ill., maps. Scholars in history, sociology, and anthropology explore the role of sugar in contexts ranging from the colonial era to 2013, when Mexico experienced a production crisis. Essays focus particularly on labor relations, the centrality of water and land, and the importance of technology in Mexico’s sugar industry. The volume includes selections on Veracruz, Puebla, Michoacán, Morelos, Jalisco, and Oaxaca.

285

La Iglesia y el Centro-Occidente de México: de la singularidad a la universalidad: a través de Relaciones, estudios de historia y sociedad. Compilación de Óscar Mazín. Michoacán, Mexico: El Colegio de Michoacán, 2014. 341 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Textos escogidos) This volume highlights the role played by the University of Michoacán and its journal, Relaciones, in advancing the history of the Catholic Church and Mexican society. The editor brings together previously published works that highlight pioneering studies on this theme. The selections focus predominantly on the colonial era, and feature the work of scholars such as Luis González y González, Carlos Marichal,

History: Mexico: General / 77 William B. Taylor, David Brading, and Guillermo de la Peña.

286

Inmigrantes y diversidad cultural en México, siglo XIX y XX: homenaje al doctor Carlos Martínez Assad. Coorindación de Pablo Serrano Álvarez. Pachuca, Mexico: Consejo Estatal Para la Cultura y las Artes de Hidalgo, 2015. 519 p.: bibl., ill., maps. This extensive collection of essays emerged from a conference held in 2014. Twenty-five authors, most from Mexico, examine a wide range of immigrant groups, including Syro-Lebanese, British, French, Russian (Jews), and Greek Orthodox. A handful of the essays highlight the experiences and contributions of specific immigrants, including an Armenian who participated in the Mexican Revolution, and a Korean dancer who brought a new style of dance to Mexico.

287

Instituciones modernas de educación superior: institutos científicos y literarios de México, siglos XIX y XX. Coordinación de Rosalina Ríos Zúñiga. Ciudad de México: UNAM, Instituto de Investigaciones sobre la Universidad y la Educación: Bonilla Artigas Editores, 2015. 277 p.: bibl. (Historia de la educación / IISUE) The essays collected here touch upon schools founded in the midst of 19thcentury transformations, which became the antecedents of many local universities during the 20th century. Chihuahua, Coahuila, Zacatecas, Mexico, Durango, and Campeche are the states featured. Five essays treat specific issues related to a featured institute, including the formation and social background of students, school fi nancing and budget, and confl ict arising from 20thcentury struggles over socialist education and university autonomy. An additional two essays provide more general profi les of institutes in Durango and Campeche.

288

Jaffary, Nora E. Reproduction and its discontents in Mexico: childbirth and contraception from 1750 to 1905. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2016. 302 p.: bibl. In this fascinating and brilliantly conceived study, the author highlights reproductive biology and maternity as social

constructs, and underscores the importance of reproduction to Mexico’s national development. With a focus on Mexico City and Oaxaca, the volume initially examines the evolution of ideas about virginity, and explores midwifery and the beginning of professional medical interventions in pregnancy. Subsequent chapters detail contraceptive practices, the slow evolution toward the criminalization of abortion, infanticide, the evolution of attitudes toward aberrant births, and changes in birthing practices.

289

Journalism, satire, and censorship in Mexico. Edited by Paul Gillingham, Michael Lettieri, and Benjamin T. Smith. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2018. 394 p.: bibl., index. The essays in this volume (by scholars and journalists) tend to challenge the view of a one-party state dominating a submissive press and its readership. The focus is on the era of PRI dominance from 1929 to 2000, and on the range of print media, including national news, crime news, cartoons, photographs, political columns, magazines, and trade publications. Later chapters provide insight on the reporting of contemporary criminal violence and the drug war.

290

Komarnisky, Sara V. Mexicans in Alaska: an ethnography of mobility, place, and transnational life. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2018. 268 p.: bibl., index. (Anthropology of contemporary North America) Study of families/individuals from Acuitzio del Canje, Michoacán, with dual citizenship or US permanent residency who live and work in Anchorage, Alaska. Three generations have lived and worked in Alaska since 1950s, traveling back and forth regularly, with property and businesses in both places. The work highlights the importance of both locations and the “ability to move between them” in order for these folks to feel at home. For comment by sociologist, see HLAS 75:1763.

291

Miradas historiográficas desde el occidente de México. Coordinación de Hugo Torres Salazar. Guadalajara, Mexico: Universidad de Guadalajara, 2016. 222 p.: bibl., ill.

78 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 This collection highlights the work of recent graduate students from the University of Guadalajara. In addition to two brief historiographical essays that seek to make the case for the continued study of social and cultural history, selections include a study of witchcraft among 17th-century Afro-descendants, an exploration of elite families during the 18th century, and the implications of European writing forms on postconquest Nahuatl codices. Twentiethcentury topics include the local culture of Taekwondo in Jalisco, the impact of the Bracero program, and a brief profi le of two art collectors.

292

Miradas recientes a la historia mexiquense: del mundo prehispánico al periodo colonial. Coordinación de Raymundo César Martínez García. Zinacantepec, Mexico: El Colegio Mexiquense, 2017. 225 p., 1 unnumbered plate: bibl., ill., map. Most of the essays in this collection focus on the precolonial Indigenous history of the area that is now Mexico state. Topics include the origins and migrations of the Otomí and Nahua, the culture and religion of the peoples of the Toluca valley, Nahua symbolism in the Nevado de Toluca volcano, Nahuatl codices, and the 17th-century Mapa de Otumba. Two selections on the colonial era examine the exhibition of piety in 17th-century wills and the iconography of the retablo of Santo Domingo de Guzmán church in Ixtlahuaca.

293

Modern Mexican culture: critical foundations. Edited by Stuart Alexander Day. Tucson: The University of Arizona Press, 2017. 330 p.: bibl., index. In this intriguing collection of essays, cultural studies scholars examine a variety of themes relevant to modern Mexico through the lens of art, broadly defi ned. More historical topics include political messages in the work of graphic artists, mural representations of teachers in the context of the Mexican Revolution, and cultural expressions of the Tlatelolco massacre. Of more contemporary relevance are works that explore representations of young Mexican immigrants in the US (DREAMers), and the use of documentary fi lms to underscore the consequences of corporate agriculture, probe the dynamics between mainstream

and grassroots media, and analyze depictions of Mexico’s democratic transition and of femicide in Ciudad Juárez. Additional essays interrogate images of the charro, challenge the notion of Mexican “solitude,” examine classism among Mexicans, explore depictions of the Mexican north, and survey the deployment of art in the “postinternet” era. Each chapter contains a list of available primary sources, making this volume a particularly useful resource for teachers. The essays in this volume, by specialists in literary and cultural studies, underscore the importance of cultural artifacts in deepening understanding of historical moments. The authors engage with cultural production as it relates to a variety of themes, including DREAMers, migrant laborers and agribusiness, state violence and impunity, democratization, and femicide.

294

Nuestra voz sale al balcón: mujeres queretanas en la historia. Coordinación de Lourdes Gállego. Santiago de Querétaro, Mexico: Fondo Editorial de Queretaro, 2015. 307 p.: bibl., ill. This collection includes works by historians as well as specialists in other social science fields. The essays range from the prehispanic to contemporary eras, and include examinations of the lives of specific women, including Josefa Ortiz de Dominguez and Sarah Pérez de Madero. Additional selections include a profi le of a mulatta slave, and an examination of tobacco workers during the colonial era; women and popular songs during the French Empire; women in the Porfi rian and revolutionary eras; and the suffrage movement in Querétaro.

295

Palacio, Celia del. Pasado y presente: 220 años de prensa veracruzana (1795–2015). Vercruz, Mexico: Universidad Veracruzana, Dirección Editorial, 2015. 260 p.: bibl., ill. (some color). (Colección Biblioteca) Veracruz published the fi rst newspaper outside of Mexico City. Palacio, whose interest is in the history of regional journalism in Mexico, surveys the state’s rich history of print media from the arrival of the printing press to the contemporary era. She examines the social contexts of the state’s many newspapers, including the relation-

History: Mexico: General / 79 ship of individual papers with political and economic elites. The book’s last section on developments since 2010 underscores the growing importance of radio and television, and is largely limited to an identification of key newspapers.

296

Piccato, Pablo. A history of infamy: crime, truth, and justice in Mexico. Oakland: University of California Press, 2017. 374 p.: bibl., index. This absorbing study demonstrates that the period from the 1920s to the 1950s was one of significant change in how the Mexican public perceived and experienced crime, criminals, and the justice system. A fi rst section treats the “spaces” in which crime was debated and discussed, from the very public jury trial system (abolished in 1929) to the crime journalism that engaged the public in the middle of the century. Detectives, policemen, and criminals themselves are the subject of a second section, and crime fiction occupies the third section. Piccato’s absorbing study underscores the steady growth of public skepticism about the judicial system, of impunity, and of extrajudicial justice. At the same time, he demonstrates the historical nature of Mexico’s contemporary reputation as a place of violence and injustice.

297

Prostitución y lenocinio en México, siglos XIX y XX. Coordinación de Fabiola Bailón Vásquez. Ciudad de México: Secretaría de Cultura: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2016. 268 p.: bibl., ill. (Biblioteca Mexicana. Serie Historia y antropología) The author identifies the 19th century as the beginning of state regulation and of the commercialization of Mexico’s sex trade. She surveys the evolution of state oversight in the capital city and beyond, as well as the evolving discourse about prostitutes and their handlers. Twentieth-century efforts at abolition were more about Mexico’s reputation than about helping female sex workers, and male violence against prostitutes remained a constant.

298

Pueblos en tiempos de guerra: la formación de la nación en México, Argentina y Brasil (1800–1920). Coordinación de Romana Falcón y Raymond Buve. Ciudad de México: El Colegio de México, 2017. 242 p.: bibl., maps.

The intent of this volume is to decenter the analysis of 19th-century Latin America by focusing comparatively on the adaptations and responses of the popular classes to the pressures of the postindependence era. Four of the seven essays in this volume focus on Mexico, and include an examination of the culture of violence that characterized Yucatán during the Caste War, and an exploration of local power dynamics in Tlaxcala during the Mexican American War. Additional essays analyze the struggle in central Mexico to preserve natural resources in the context of the unrest of the Reform era, and Yaqui resistance to the Porfi rian state.

299

Quiroz, Enriqueta. Economía, obras públicas y trabajadores urbanos: Ciudad de México: 1687–1807. Ciudad de México: Instituto de Investigaciones Dr. José María Luis Mora, 2016. 271 p.: bibl., ill. (Historia económica) The author blends economic and social history, with a focus on urban construction and construction workers, and a primary interest in the 18th century. She links Bourbon economic strategies, specifically the push for city infrastructure and public buildings, with a social policy that emphasized the common good and that allowed for a degree of social mobility.

300

Rodríguez Gallardo, Adolfo. José Vasconcelos: alfabetización, bibliotecas, lectura y edición. Ciudad de México: UNAM, Secretaría de Desarrollo Institucional, 2015. 347 p., 16 unnumbered pages of plates: bibl., ill. (some color). This interesting volume focuses on the contributions made by Vasconcelos during his tenure as rector of UNAM and as secretary of education (1921–24). The author examines the writings that influenced Vasconcelos’ thinking during this period, details his efforts to promote literacy and publish books he considered of universal value, and discusses his efforts to establish a variety of public libraries. Several appendices reproduce relevant writings and documents related to Vasconcelos’ efforts.

301

San Miguel, Pedro Luis. “Muchos Méxicos”: imaginarios históricos sobre México en Estados Unidos. Ciudad de México: Instituto de Investigaciones Dr. José María Luis Mora, Consejo Nacional de Cien-

80 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 cia y Tecnología, 2016. 367 p.: bibl. (Historia social y cultural) In this excellent volume, a Puerto Rican scholar reflects upon the historiographical tradition that shaped ideas about Mexico and Latin America, and that influenced his own intellectual formation. The fi rst section highlights the works of Charles Gibson, John Coatsworth (and others in the New Economic History tradition), and John Womack. Part two examines key concepts that emerged from a generation of US historiography, including the racial/ethnic component of Latin America, the influence of social class and popular rebellion on the region, and the idea of the “nation.”

302

Santos, devociones e identidades en el centro de México, siglos XVI-XX. Coordinación de María Teresa Jarquín Ortega y Gerardo González Reyes. Zinacantepec, Mexico: El Colegio Mexiquense, A.C., 2018. 375 p.: bibl., ill. The essays in this intriguing volume underscore the importance of popular cults, and trace the process by which such devotions took hold and evolved over time. Eight selections examine local adoptions and meanings of specific saints, as well as practices of making sacred images and the funerary custom of “raising the cross.” Six additional essays explore more official promotions of popular saints by the Catholic Church.

303

Semo, Enrique. México: del antiguo régimen a la modernidad: reforma y revolución. Ciudad de México: UNAM, 2016. 769 p.: bibl., ill., index, maps. (Colección Heterodoxos) This volume by a Marxist economic historian emphasizes the evolution of capitalism in Mexico, the persistence of underdevelopment, and the pervasiveness of revolutionary activity. The author provides a brief treatment of the colonial era, and a more exhaustive look at the economic and social history of the 19th and fi rst half of the 20th centuries. The volume concludes with a comparative essay on Mexican agrarianism and the Russian populist (Narodnik) movement.

304

Stevens, Donald Fithian. Mexico in the time of cholera. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2019. 315 p.: bibl., ill., index, maps.

This intriguing volume utilizes parish records, letters, memoirs, essays, and fiction to gauge the “inner states” of Mexican lives in the transition from the colonial era to the early republic. Topics include the observance of saints’ days; baby naming practices; customs surrounding pregnancy, courtship, and marriage; and burial practices. The cholera epidemic of 1833 provides a backdrop for a discussion of marriage practices and patterns.

305

Tejidos culturales: las mujeres judías en México. Coordinación de Natalia Gurvich, Liz Hamui y Linda Hanono. Ciudad de México: Universidad Iberoamericana, Departamento de Historia: Revista Fractal, 2016. 420 p.: bibl. (Colección Historia cultural) The authors approach the history of 20th-century Jewish immigrants through oral history, literary analysis, and biographical and autobiographical accounts. Selections in Part I treat the experiences of female immigrants from Eastern Europe and Syria, and explore depictions of Jewish women in the male-authored Yiddish literature that has emerged from Mexico. Part II examines the activities of Jewish-Mexican women, including the work of authors, entrepreneurs, and members of a mutual aid society. Part III recounts the personal experiences of specific Jewish-Mexican women, including a lesbian activist, a physicist, a politician, and a third generation Ashkenazi woman.

306

Tutino, John. The Mexican heartland: how communities shaped capitalism, a nation, and world history, 1500–2000. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2017. 499 p.: bibl., index. In this important study, the author places landed communities in the area around Mexico City at the heart of the history of global capitalism. He traces the ways in which these communities participated in and shaped capitalism in three contexts: the silver capitalism of the colonial period, 19th-century industrial capitalism, and “national capitalism” of the postrevolutionary era. Landed communities repeatedly claimed their “autonomies” (springing from ecological, political, and cultural foundations), negotiating their interaction with

History: Mexico: Colonial / 81 global markets and resorting to armed struggle when these were threatened.

307

Vicio, prostitución y delito: mujeres transgresoras en los siglos XIX y XX. Coordinación de Elisa Speckman Guerra y Fabiola Bailón Vásquez. Ciudad de México: UNAM, 2016. 410 p.: bibl., ill. (Serie Historia moderna y contemporánea; 68) The evolution of popular and official views of female criminality, vice, and prostitution emerges as a dominant thread in the three sections (and 12 essays) that

comprise this volume. Part one focuses on women engaged in Mexico City’s nightlife, including waitresses, cabaret workers, and other participants in the capital’s “underground.” Part two explores prostitution and the sex trade, including international sex trafficking and sex slavery. The fi nal section analyzes crimes perpetrated by women. Although most selections focus on Mexico City or Mexico more generally, a few authors treat specific regions, including Jalisco, Michoacán, Guanajuato, and Veracruz.

Colonial Period RAPHAEL E. FOLSOM , Associate Professor of History, University of Oklahoma

THE WORLD may have been afflicted with a pandemic in recent years, but the practice of colonial Mexican history has been in robust health. Many of the topics, methods, and political preoccupations of historians of New Spain have remained fairly constant. But the variety of fi ndings they have published have been just as awesomely varied as ever, with microhistories of crime and punishment, narratives of legal wrangling, and newly translated documents all testifying to the astonishing richness of colonial Mexican history. A number of scholars have performed the unsung and yet essential work of publishing primary source documents, the grist of the profession’s analytical mill, and all the more essential because travel to archives has been impaired by COVID-19. Cunill’s edited volume of Palomino’s letters (item 338) have opened access to the violent and unsettled world of 16th-century Yucatán, making it possible to place Inga Clendinnen’s classic accounts (see HLAS 50:1042) of that time and place in context. Ibarra Rivera (item 335) offers testimony of influential Jesuits on the state of 18th-century Baja California. Martín-Rodríguez (item 332) adds depth to the biography of Gaspar de Villagrá, author of Historia de la nueva México, by publishing documents from his eventful life. Temkin’s lengthy documentary appendix in his life of Luis de Carvajal de la Cueva (item 348) provides vivid testimony on Jewish life in northern Mexico. Brian, Benton, Villella, and Loaeza (item 309) have done a huge service to teachers of undergraduates in search of research topics by translating the History of the Chichimeca Nation, a key source for Aztec history and memory. Poole and Schwaller (item 316) have done likewise in their translation of The Directory for Confessors. A rich crop of scholarly monographs has illuminated the social history and cultures of central Mexico. Tortorici (item 349) fi nds a rich vein of information on sex and sexuality in criminal and Inquisition cases from the duration of the colonial period. Solís Robleda (item 345) offers a detailed collective biography of the elites of colonial Yucatán. Conover (item 314) uses the life of San Felipe de Jesús to explore the religious worlds of the Spanish Pacific. Soriano Muñoz (item 346) uses

82 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76

the literary appropriation of Bartolomé de Las Casas to illuminate the religious politics of the 18th century. Galán Tamés (item 321) offers a richly theorized exploration of gender, medicine, and the body in the lives of religious women. Brian’s study (item 311) on Alva Ixtlilxochitl is a cutting-edge work at the intersection of ethnohistory and intellectual history. The history of the Spanish Borderlands—northern Mexico and the southwestern US—is undergoing an expansion comparable to that of the days of Herbert Eugene Bolton. Most striking and satisfying for observers of this new golden age is the integration of the field with the history of central Mexico and the illumination of the deep connections between the glorious civilizations of Mesoamerica with the more austere, but no less distinguished or consequential, societies to the north. The edited collection by Douglass and Graves (item 336) connecting New Mexico and the Pimeria Alta is a highlight in this area, in that it does away completely with distinctions between the future US and Mexico and focuses on the deep connections among all the region’s peoples. García de León (item 323) does a similar service on a narrower scale, focusing on the misadventures of a group of Apaches in Veracruz. Works by Flint and Flint (item 319) on Coronado and Stamatov (item 347) on New Mexican families add new detail to well-known stories. Gallardo Arias and Velasco Ávila’s edited collection (item 320) provides theoretical leads on how to handle relations between sedentary and nonsedentary Mesoamerican peoples. Taken together these books and articles are reason to hope that the practice of colonial Mexico will be in an excellent position to tackle new challenges when the pandemic recedes and archives across Mexico and the US begin to welcome researchers once again.

COLONIAL

308

Altable, Francisco. Al César lo que es del César: el confl icto entre Iglesia y estado en la California dominicana. (Secuencia/México, 92, mayo/agosto 2015, p. 37–59, bibl.) An engaging look at a series of battles in late 18th-century Baja California in the long war between the Catholic Church and the Spanish Bourbon state. Bourbon bureaucrats wanted the Dominicans out of the political and fi nancial realms, and the Dominicans wanted to stay involved. Using archival documents from Mexico City and Baja California, Altable argues that “the two spaces of power were indissolubly united by the character itself of Spanish expansionism, which was at once the ambition for lands, ambition for riches, and ambition for souls” (p. 57). [RBF]

309

Alva Ixtlilxóchitl, Fernando de. History of the Chichimeca nation: Don Fernando de Alva Ixtlilxochitl’s

seventeenth-century chronicle of ancient Mexico. Edited and translated by Amber Brian et al. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2019. 334 p.: bibl., ill., index, maps. The translators of this volume have done a huge service to teachers and students of Latin American history. Don Fernando de Alva Ixtlilxochitl’s chronicle is a classic hybrid text. He was a descendant of both Spanish and Aztec elites, and his early 17thcentury chronicle draws on both European and Indigenous wisdom to tell the story of the Aztecs’ mythological origins, rise, and fall to Spanish arms. This will be a key point of reference for all courses on colonial Mexico, Latin America, and the Spanish conquest of Native societies. [RBF]

310

Balderas Vega, Gonzalo. Historia de la Iglesia en México. v. 1., t. 1, Antecedentes prehispánicos. Ciudad de México: Universidad Iberoamericana, 2018. 1 v.: bibl. Everyone with a glancing knowledge of Mexico knows that Mexican Catholicism has been deeply influenced by prehispanic

History: Mexico: Colonial / 83 cultural and religious practices. This useful volume provides students of Mexican culture and religion an introduction to the prehispanic beliefs and traditions that came to have so pervasive an influence on Mexican religiosity. [RBF]

311

Brian, Amber. Alva Ixtlilxochitl’s native archive and the circulation of knowledge in colonial Mexico. Nashville, Tenn.: Vanderbilt University Press, 2016. 196 p.: bibl. The field at the intersection of intellectual history and ethnohistory has been growing at a rapid clip in recent years, and this book shows us why. Native peoples have long wrongly been excluded from the conversation about the intellectual history of Latin America. Brian shows how the Alva Ixtlilxochitl family accumulated a huge archive of Native codices and other evidence covering their illustrious history as Lords of Texcoco, and in the process created a vibrant tradition of mixed-race and mixedculture historiography. For additional comment on this work, see HLAS 74:199. [RBF]

312

Cid Carmona, Victor J. La Gaceta de Mexico y la promoción de impresos españoles durante la primera mitad del siglo XVIII. (Titivillus, 1, 2015, p. 421–430) A short study of the promotion of Spanish books in the Gaceta de México. [RBF]

313

Coloquio internacional Miradas sobre Hernán Cortés, Madrid, 2015. Miradas sobre Hernán Cortés. Coordinación de María del Carmen Martínez Martínez y Alicia Mayer. Madrid: Iberoamericana; Frankfurt am Main: Vervuert, 2016. 282 p.: bibl. (Tiempo emulado: historia de América y España; 52) A distinguished collection of articles on the eventful life and varied legacies of Hernán Cortés, the prototypical conquistador. [RBF]

314

Conover, Cornelius Burroughs. Pious imperialism: Spanish rule and the cult of saints in Mexico City. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2019. 274 p.: bibl., ill., index. This book takes a close look at the short and fascinating life of San Felipe de Jesús (ca. 1571–97) as a lens through which

to examine the global spiritual ambitions of the Spanish monarchy. Felipe was born in Mexico City, journeyed across the Pacific to Manila and was captured by the Japanese, who accused Felipe and his fellow voyagers of piracy and subsequently had Felipe, five discalced friars, and 20 Japanese converts to Christianity executed in Nagasaki. Conover follows the story up through Felipe’s canonization in 1862 and the continuation of his cult in modern Mexico City. [RBF]

315

De Mérida a Taguzgalpa: seráficos y predicadores en tierras mayas, chiapanecas y xicaques. Coordinación de José Manuel A. Chávez Gómez. Ciudad de México: Secretaría de Cultura, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, 2018. 153 p.: bibl., ill., maps. (Científica) (Colección Historia. Serie Logos) A collection of studies of Franciscans in Yucatán and Dominicans in Guatemala and their varied interactions with the region’s Maya peoples. [RBF]

316

The directory for confessors, 1585: implementing the Catholic Reformation in New Spain. Translated and edited by Stafford Poole. Contributions by John Frederick Schwaller. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2018. 358 p.: bibl., index. This translation of the directory for confessors from the Third Mexican Provincial Council is a valuable source for the religious, social, and economic history of New Spain, with details that illuminate the moral outlook of the Church and its collective analysis of the state of the colony in the late 16th century. Authoritative introductions and commentary from two distinguished authors place the work in context. The work is a gold mine for researchers at all levels. [RBF]

317

Ebright, Malcolm and Rick Hendricks. Pueblo sovereignty: Indian land and water in New Mexico and Texas. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2019. 245 p.: bibl., index. Legal historians here explore the efforts of four Pueblo communities of Pojoaque, Nambe, Tesuque, Isleta, and Ysleta del Sur to maintain their sovereignty in the face of challenges by the governments of Spain, Mexico, and the US. The book fea-

84 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 tures extensive research and fascinating rare photographs. [RBF]

northern frontier of New Spain, but rarely studied in detail. [RBF]

318

321

Extrañamiento, extinción y restauración de la Compañía de Jesús: la Provincia Mexicana. Edición de María Cristina Torales Pacheco et al. Ciudad de México: Universidad Iberoamericana: Universidad Pontificia de México: Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Eclesiástica, A.C., 2017. 621 p.: bibl., ill., maps. Like most edited volumes, this 600page collection of articles on the expulsion and restoration of the Jesuit order in Mexico is something between a gold mine and a mixed bag. There is much fresh new research and data here, presented in articles that vary in quality from good to great. This will be a valuable point of reference for all students of the complicated watershed of 1767. [RBF]

319

Flint, Richard and Shirley Cushing Flint. A most splendid company: the Coronado Expedition in global perspective. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2019. 450 p.: bibl., ill., index, maps. Yet another massive tome on the Coronado expedition from the team of Flint and Flint, who surely know more than anyone in history about their topic, save perhaps Coronado himself. The book is admirably lucid and well organized, and concludes with a useful statement of the book’s main fi ndings. [RBF]

320

Fronteras étnicas en la América colonial. Coordinación de Patricia Gallardo Arias y Cuautémoc Velasco Ávila. Ciudad de México: Secretaría de Cultura, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, 2018. 198 p.: bibl., maps. (Científica) (Colección Interdisciplina. Serie Logos) This collection is a stimulating contribution to the vast literature on frontiers and ethnicity in the colonial period. Highlights include works by Rosa Brambila Paz and Beatriz Cervantess Jáuregui on nomads and sedentary peoples in the early Bajío, Joaquín Rivaya Martínez’s study of a failed Spanish attempt to make the Comanches settle in one place, and Patricia Gallardo Árias’ careful examination of the Pames, a Native group that is often mentioned in documents and historiography on the early

Galán Tamés, Genevieve. Cadáver, polvo, sombra, nada: una historia de los cuerpos femeninos en los conventos de la Ciudad de México, siglo XVII. Ciudad de México: Ediciones Navarra, 2017. 480 p.: bibl. This fascinating history of the feminine body in the convents of 17th-century Mexico City draws on the author’s training at the École Normale Superieure en Sciences Sociales (EHSS) in Paris to explore the construction of ideas regarding blood, consanguinity, lineage, corporal punishment, health, and illness among Mexican religious women. The influence of Michel de Certeau is particularly strong. Chapters on health and illness, and the female body as “space and instrument of socialization, piety and salvation” (p. 20) are particularly rich. The bibliography of primary sources is a gold mine for historians of women and gender in the colonial period. [RBF]

322

García Ayluardo, Clara. Desencuentros con la tradición: los fieles y la desaparición de las cofradías de la ciudad de México en el siglo XVIII. Ciudad de México: Fondo de Cultura Económica: Consejo Nacional para la Cultura y las Artes, 2015. 263 p.: bibl., map. (Biblioteca mexicana. Serie Historia y antropología) This detailed narrative explores a fascinating set of battles in the long war between the Bourbon government and the Church in 18th-century Mexico. Convinced that the Church had usurped too many functions of government and fi nance, Bourbon reformers sought to assert greater control over Indigenous communities, missions, banking, and commerce, and to confi ne the clergy to the purely spiritual realm. García Ayluardo explores the impact of these reforms on the confraternities of Mexico City, emphasizing their role in the formation of local, and later, national group identities. [RBF]

323

García de León, Antonio. Misericordia: el destino trágico de una collera de apaches en la Nueva España. Primera edición en español. Ciudad de México: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2017. 215 p.: bibl.,

History: Mexico: Colonial / 85 ill., maps, 1 facsimile. (Sección de obras de historia) This is a dark and highly literate nonfiction novella dealing with the 1797 escape of a group of Apache captives from detention en route to exile in Cuba. Adorned with quotations and allusions to J.M. Coetzee, Elias Canetti, T.S. Eliot, Joseph Conrad, and others, the narrative depicts the journey of the Apache captives from New Mexico to Veracruz, and their subsequent fl ight from Veracruz to Michoacán, as a tragic one. New Spain as depicted here was in a perpetual state of flux, suspended between a nomadic past and a modernizing future, in which neither fugitive Apaches nor beleaguered agents of empire could ever fi nd a stable footing. [RBF]

324

Guillén Villafuerte, José Javier. Guerras imperiales, donativos patrióticos y pueblos de indios en Chiapas, 1780–1814. (Front. Hist., 23:1, enero/junio 2018, p. 128– 161, bibl., graph, tables) Between 1780 and 1814, the Spanish Crown fought various wars, saw their government’s fiscal health deteriorate, and responded by demanding “patriotic donations” from the colonies. This study explores that process as it played out in Chiapas. Some communities paid, some resisted, and some negotiated. This subtle article focuses on how negotiations played out. The author fi nds much variation in how each town negotiated. All accepted the legitimacy of the tax, but negotiated over what class of Indians would pay, how much they would pay, and whether funds would come from individuals or from the community chest. A few communities demanded a change in their status from pueblos to villas or cities. [RBF]

325

Gutiérrez Gutiérrez, José Antonio. Las milicias en el Aguascalientes colonial. Aguascalientes, Mexico: Instituto Municipal Aguascalentense para la Cultura, 2016. 333 p.: bibl. A detailed study of a frontier militia, one of the key institutions of Bourbon military policy in the late 18th century. [RBF]

326

Hendricks, Rick. The Mexican side of the Magoffin family. (N.M. Hist. Rev., 91:3, Summer 2016, p. 249–275)

This article presents a detailed study of the family of James Wiley Magoffin, a founder of El Paso, Texas and husband of Gertrudis Valdés, a prominent Tejana woman, based on documents from the archive of the archbishopric of Durango. The Magoffin-Valdés family formed a sprawling, influential, bicultural, and binational family throughout the 19th century. [RBF]

327

Herrick, Dennis F. Esteban: the African slave who explored America. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2018. 282 p.: bibl., index. The fact that so many people believe the history of slavery in North America began in 1619 may justify yet another publication on the African slave who accompanied the expedition of Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca in the 1530s. This handsomely produced book will alert those who don’t know that African and Hispanic people have played important roles in the early history of the region from Florida to California. [RBF]

328

Jiménez Abollado, Francisco Luis. Encomiendas vacas y rentas de don Pedro Tesifón Moctezuma y su familia en la primera mitad del siglo XVII. (Front. Hist., 23:1, enero/junio 2018, p. 162–183, appendix, bibl.) The descendants of the last Aztec emperor retained a mayorazgo, or entailed estate, worth 7000 ducats for the duration of the 17th century. [RBF]

329

Kessell, John L. The Pueblo-Spanish War, 1680–1696: neither black nor white. (N.M. Hist. Rev., 94:2, Spring 2019, p. 193–200, bibl.) A veteran historian of New Mexico here argues that neither the Black Legend of Spanish wickedness nor the White Legend of Spanish nobility captures the truth of the Pueblo-Spanish War of 1680–96, which was as complex and ambiguous as it was important. [RBF]

330

Kiser, William S. The politics of slavery and social hierarchies in colonial, Mexican, and territorial New Mexico. (N.M. Hist. Rev., 92:3, Summer 2017, p. 285–309, bibl.) A fascinating study of slavery in its many New Mexican guises, from the early

86 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 days of Indigenous captive-trading through its abolition by Mexico in the early 19th century, reintroduction after 1848, and reabolition after the Civil War. [RBF]

331

Loreto López, Rosalva. Tota pulchra: historia del Monasterio de la Purísima Concepción de Puebla, siglos XVI-XIX. Ciudad de México: Ediciones EyC; Puebla, Mexico: Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Instituto de Ciencias Sociales “Alfonso Vélez Pliego”: Dirección de Fomento Editorial, 2017. 317 p.: bibl., ill. (some color). A richly illustrated history of an important convent from the 16th to the 19th century. [RBF]

332

Martín-Rodríguez, Manuel. Gaspar de Villagrá, primer historiador de la frontera de la Nueva España: nuevas perspectivas críticas y biográficas. (N.M. Hist. Rev., 93:2, Spring 2018, p. 149–170, bibl., figure) This article presents newly discovered documents about the author of the 1610 historical poem, Historia de la nveva México, and places them in historical context. These documents show that Villagrá had an active career as a man of letters before his arrival in New Mexico, wrote a history of Zacatecas, and had deep connections to powerful families in Nueva Galicia. He was a son not only of New Mexico, but of Zacatecas as well, and as such led a fundamentally transregional borderland life. [RBF]

333

Martínez Aguilar, José Manuel. Reacomodos de población en Tzintzuntzan durante el siglo XVI. (Secuencia/ México, 97, enero/abril 2017, p. 6–29, bibl., maps) There has long been doubt about whether a congregation or reduction of Indigenous people actually took place in Tzintzuntzan. This article draws on a variety of sources to show that it did, probably twice, in the 1530s and in the late 16th century. [RBF]

334

Medrar para sobrevivir: individualidades presas en la fragua de la historia (siglos XVI-XIX). Coordinación de Thomas Calvo y Armando Hernández Soubervielle. San Luis Potosí, Mexico: El Colegio de San Luis; Zamora, Mexico: El

Colegio de Michoacán, 2016. 479 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Investigaciones) An intriguing collection of articles dealing with the biographies of little-known historical actors during the colonial period and 19th century in Mexico. Authors draw on literature and literary and social theory—mainly French—to make connections between the lives of these individuals with broader historical and human themes. Highlights include a strikingly detailed article by Thomas Hillerkuss and Georgina Indira Quiñones Flores on Juan de Monroy, a converso settler in Nueva Galicia in the late 16th century, and a deeply researched article on the defiant life and tumultuous marriage of Catalina Álvarez de Valdez in 18th-century Zacatecas, by Emilia Recéndez Guerrero. [RBF]

335

Narrativa misional: antología. Edición de Gilberto Ibarra Rivera. La Paz, Mexico: Instituto Sudcaliforniano de Cultura, 2017. 150 p.: bibl. A short, useful collection of 18thcentury documents from Baja California, written by three sophisticated and highly literate Jesuits: Juan Jacobo Baegert, Francisco Javier Clavijero, and Miguel del Barco. [RBF]

336

New Mexico and the Pimería Alta: the colonial period in the American Southwest. Edited by John G. Douglass and William M. Graves. Boulder: University Press of Colorado, 2017. 428 p.: appendices, bibl., ill., index, maps. This state-of-the-art collection of essays seeks out connections across the US-Mexican border during the colonial period, underscoring the cultural and political unity of the region before the border divided it in two. Douglass and Graves offer an extremely useful synthetic overview of the history in question, drawing on classic old studies and numerous innovative new ones, including those contained in this volume. [RBF]

337

Pacheco, Jaime and LeRoy Anthony Reaza. A case of mistaken identity: the forgotten manuscript of Juan Antonio de Trasviña y Retes’s expedition into La Junta de los Ríos and west Texas in 1715. (N.M. Hist. Rev., 94:2, Spring 2019, p. 169–192, bibl., ill.)

History: Mexico: Colonial / 87 The authors argue that a journal of an early 18th-century expedition into Texas, which has long been considered an original, is in fact a late 18th-century copy of the original. [RBF]

338

Palomino, Francisco. Cartas y memoriales de Francisco Palomino, defensor de indios de Yucatán: una voz crítica del sistema colonial (siglo XVI). Edición de Caroline Cunill. Mérida, Mexico: Secretaría de Educación del Gobierno del Estado de Yucatán: Secretaría de Investigación, Innovación y Educación Superior, 2016. 156 p.: bibl., index. This important collection of documents covers the period immediately following that of Inga Clendinnen’s classic study, Ambivalent Conquests: Maya and Spaniard in Yucatan, 1517–1572 (see HLAS 50:1042). These letters from a beleaguered protector de Indios to the authorities in Spain would be the perfect subject for a senior thesis, MA thesis, or dissertation chapter on relations between the Maya and the conquering society. [RBF]

339

Raminelli, Ronald. “Los limites del honor”: nobles y jerarquías de Brasil, Nueva España y Perú, siglos XVII y XVIII. (Rev. Complut. Hist. Am., 40, 2014, p. 45–68, bibl.) The privileges of the nobility of the Americas were weaker than those of the nobles in Europe, in part because they were seen as a threat to the colonial order and the hegemony of the royal courts. [RBF]

340

Ritter, Luke. Boltonlands: John Francis Bannon and Borderlands history. (J. West/Manhattan, 55:3, Summer 2016, p. 3–10) This is a short, lively essay on the abiding influence of Herbert Eugene Bolton and his student John Francis Bannon on Spanish Borderlands scholarship. [RBF]

341

Ruiz Medrano, Carlos Rubén. El día que el mesías Diego anunció el Apocalipsis en el Cerro Azul y otros ensayos de la resistencia y la rebelión en la Nueva España. San Luis Potosí, Mexico: El Colegio de San Luis, 2016. 223 p.: bibl., ill., maps. (Colección Investigaciones) This book comprises three chapters on rebellions in Tututepec (1769), Guana-

juato (1766 and 1767) and the Sierra de Topia y San Andres in 1601 and 1602, with special attention to the cultural matrices from which the rebellions emerged. [RBF]

342

Sánchez, Joseph P. El Camino Real de California: from ancient pathways to modern byways. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2019. 274 p.: bibl., index. (Querencias series) The history and legend of the Camino Real, from San Diego to San Francisco, is well known, but its exact route is not. This book uses multiple bodies of evidence to establish a more precise understanding of the route of that historic road as part of an effort to have it designated a UNESCO world heritage site. [RBF]

343

Santiago, Mark. A bad peace and a good war: Spain and the Mescalero Uprising of 1795–1799. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2018. 248 p.: bibl., index. Santiago challenges a notion fi rst advanced by Bernardo de Gálvez, and widely accepted by historians, that the period from 1786 to 1820 or thereabouts was a largely peaceful one for the northern Spanish borderlands. Gálvez argued that diplomacy, flexibility, and tolerance of a modicum of Apache raiding would be better than all-out war. Santiago says that the period was one of intense and bloody warfare, with the Mescalero Apaches as the main adversaries of the Spanish. A dramatic and well-researched contribution to the extensive literature on violence and negotiation in the Spanish borderlands. [RBF]

344

Sisneros, Samuel E. Los Genízaros and the colonial mission pueblo of Belén, New Mexico. (N.M. Hist. Rev., 92:4, Fall 2017, p. 453–494, bibl., ill.) A fascinating study of a community of Genízaros, Native former captives of various groups who came together to form a community and fight for their rights as subjects of the Spanish Empire. Sisneros describes Belén as “one of the earliest and most widespread models of pan-tribalism that occurred within US boundaries.” The Genízaros of Belén “exemplified this unique diversity, unity, and cultural transformation irrespective of the tragic circumstances that brought these Indigenous and Spanish

88 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Mexican people together” (p. 478). Includes a transcription and translation of the 1733 petition by Los Genízaros to populate the old Pueblo of Sandía. [RBF]

345

Solís Robleda, Gabriela. Los beneméritos y la Corona: servicios y recompensas en la conformación de la sociedad colonial yucateca. Ciudad de México: Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social: Miguel Angel Porrúa, 2019. 461 p.: bibl., ill., index. (Colección peninsular) A massive and highly detailed study of the origins, growth, and development of the Spanish and Creole elites of Yucatán. A key point of reference for all future studies of the history of the peninsula. [RBF]

346

Soriano Muñoz, Núria. Bartolomé de las Casas, un español contra España: usos políticos de la figura del “Defensor de los Indios” a partir de los testimonios de los jesuitas expulsos y otros escritos de fi nales del siglo XVIII. Valencia: Institució Alfons el Magnànim, Diputació de València, 2015. 283 p.: bibl., ill. (Estudis universitaris; 142) This study focuses on the construction of Las Casas’ public image after his death, with special emphasis on ways the Jesuits expelled from all Spanish realms in 1767 made use of his image of in their political writings. The text includes a series of letters, essays, and dialogues on Las Casas written by the Jesuits in exile. [RBF]

347

Stamatov, Suzanne M. Colonial New Mexican families: community, church, and state, 1692–1800. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2018. 256 p.: bibl., index. This rich study of colonial family life draws on civil records including marital investigations, dispensation appeals, premarital disputes, baptismal records, marriage records, and one divorce petition to explore numerous facets of its fascinating subject matter. Civil records focusing on events like murder and spousal abuse allow Stamatov to explore norms of honor and justice. Demographic data allow her to explore issues of gender, race, race-mixing and more. An excellent complement to classic studies of related topics by R. Douglas Cope, Ramón Gutiérrez, and James Brooks. [RBF]

348

Temkin, Samuel. Luis de Carvajal: los principios del Nuevo Reino de León. Monterrey, Mexico: Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, 2017. 403 p.: appendices, bibl., ill., index, maps. Temkin here offers a detailed and deeply researched account of the life of Carvajal, a prominent player in the conquest era of northern Mexico and victim of an Inquisition trial that led to his exile and eventual death. Valuable appendices include 142 pages of documents from the Archivo de Indias in Seville. A key point of reference for all students of the Inquisition, Jewish people, and the conquest of northern Mexico. [RBF]

349

Tortorici, Zeb. Sins against nature: sex and archives in colonial New Spain. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2018. 327 p.: bibl., index. This model historical monograph applies innovative theoretical ideas to the analysis of a large body of evidence assembled from multiple archives dealing with a carefully defi ned set of topics. Tortorici examined more than 300 criminal and Inquisition cases between 1530 and 1821 dealing with “crimes against nature”: sodomy, bestiality, masturbation, erotic religious visions, solicitation in the confessional, and other acts deemed to be “unnatural.” Tortorici follows his protagonists from their “unnatural” acts through their trials and their translation into texts, to their archiving, and up to his own encounter with them and his intellectual seduction by the archive. A thoughtful and stimulating study to be read alongside classics in the study of transgression in Mexico: William Taylor’s Drinking, Homicide, and Rebellion in Colonial Mexican Villages (see HLAS 42:2097) and Pablo Piccato’s City of Suspects (2001). [RBF]

350

Williams, Danielle Terrazas. “My conscience is free and clear”: Africandescended women, status, and slave owning in mid-colonial Mexico. (Americas/Washington, 75:3, July 2018, p. 525–554) An interesting case of a wealthy free mulatta’s decision to free a slave who also happened to be her brother. Polonia de Ribas lived in Xalapa and owned a number of slaves, whom she rented to others. She earned more income by lending money to

History: Mexico: Independence, Revolution, and Post-Revolution / 89 neighbors, friends, and family members. Though her case was unusual, it is proof that women of African descent could seize economic power for themselves within the oppressive structures of slave society. [RBF]

351

Zaballa Beascoechea, Ana de. Una ventana al mestizaje: el matrimonio de los indios en el Arzobispado de México, 1660–1686. (Rev. Complut. Hist. Am., 42, 2016, p. 73–96, bibl., map, table)

This article analyzes data on marriage from the archiepiscopal visits of Francisco Aguiar y Seijas between 1683 and 1687. Examining records of 145 marriages involving at least one Native person, the author fi nds that mestizaje was rampant, and that the population was a highly mobile, with migration of both Native and Spanish people across Mexico resulting in marriages of individuals from diverse regions of the Archbishopric. [RBF]

Independence, Revolution, and Post-Revolution SUZANNE B. PASZTOR , Professor of History, Humboldt State University BARBARA TENENBAUM , Historian, Washington, DC

INDEPENDENCE TO REVOLUTION THIS BIENNIUM was extremely unusual. Because of the international pandemic, no works were received for 2020 and few for 2019. Whether or not this situation skewed the annotations in one direction or another will only be discernable when future HLAS volumes are assembled. Yet, we can see some striking differences from the previous group of works. For example, there are no studies of gender and/or sexuality, for either men or women, among the works received for review. There was a mild attempt to look at a girls school in Morelia by López Pérez (item 377), but that hardly constitutes a major work on gender. In addition, there was the unforeseen absence of works using internet sources. It is to be expected that they will appear in volumes 78 and 80, as research done during the pandemic begins to be published. As usual, works on politics constituted the major group of publications, but this time they were not responding to anniversaries. However, HLAS 76 saw studies of urban areas, although still little on Mexico City. Could it be that the municipal archive for the city is so difficult to work in (no photocopier and little light) that scholars have simply switched to other topics? Even so, there was Aguayo Hernández on railroads in Mexico City (item 352), and Alexander covering fi res there (item 354). Urban history for other places has begun to flourish, as exemplified in Carbajal López on Guadalajara (item 356), Contreras Valdez on Tepic (item 360), Gámez on San Luis Potosí (item 355), Holguín Balderrama on Álamos (item 371), Jiménez on Morelia (item 374), Soto Espinosa on Nuevo León (item 400), and Galindo Cárdenas on Monterrey (item 367). Although this biennium did not see magisterial works on important topics, there were some especially interesting ones. Thanks to Fowler’s special pleading for more biography in Sequencia (item 366), we looked at biography as a topic. Van Young (item 404) gave us an inside look at what it means to do that sort of work. Although the biographies featured in this biennium did not rise to the level of Fowler’s Santa Anna (see HLAS 64:658) or what we will see in Van Young’s

90 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76

work on Lucas Alamán, there was no real shortage of lives to ponder. Fernández Fernández showed us Paul Hudson Smith (item 364), Gamboa Ojeda and others outlined the French who came to Mexico (item 387), González Laporte wrote on Leonardo Márquez (item 369), Morales Sarabia on José Ramírez (item 382), Rosas Salas on Miguel Negrete (item 394), and Valdés on Santiago Vidaurri (item 403). Despite Fowler, Mexican scholars have not eschewed biography as have their US counterparts. Curiously, there were significant works on the press from Fernández Fernández on Paul Hudson Smith (whom Fernández called Hudson) (item 364) and Rodríguez on El Estandarte (item 393), to Zeltsman on press restrictions (item 408). There were other notable works as well: Alexander on fighting fi res in Mexico City, Cravari on guano islands (item 361), Figueroa on a notable Mexican ambassador to Spain (item 407), Avalos Calderon in Gámez on incest (item 355), Garrido on gymnastics (item 368), Hurtado on Spanish soldiers stationed in Querétaro during the independence wars (item 372), Lurtz on the coffee industry in Soconusco (item 378), Morales on botany (item 382), and Ruiz on border vice (item 395). This introduction ends on a particularly sad note. During its writing we learned of the untimely passing of Lief Adelson, historian and owner of Books from Mexico, an important source of publications on that country for libraries. He will be missed. [BT] REVOLUTION AND POST-REVOLUTION The Mexican Catholic Church and the Cristero Rebellion are the subjects of several excellent volumes published during the period under review. This body of work pushes our understanding of the Cristero confl ict in new directions, utilizes previously untapped archives (including the Vatican Apostolic Archive, previously known as the Vatican Secret Archive), and makes a case for the importance of devotional practices in understanding the 20th-century Mexican experience. Curley focuses on “Catholic politics” and underscores the role of religious identity in shaping experiences of the Mexican Revolution (item 425). López Menéndez gathers research about saints and saint-making in the 20th century (item 460). Ortoll and Preciado assemble a body of research that reveals the complicity of the Church hierarchy in the silencing of Cristero rebels and their demands (item 456), while Méndez Moreno examines anticlericalism in Tabasco both before and during the governorship of Tomás Garrido Canabal (item 445). Alfonseca Giner de los Ríos focuses on the Church-state confl ict in two rural communities in the Valley of Mexico, while expanding periodization of the Cristero confl ict (item 412), and Soberanes Fernández and Cruz Barney consider the agreements that ended the Cristero War, and reactions to those agreements by the faithful (item 414). Hernández Madrid assembles documents from post-Cristero Michoacán that reveal clerical thinking about issues of Catholic citizenship in a changing world (item 429), and Collado Herrera examines connections between the Mexican right and the Catholic Church from the 1930s to the 1970s (item 428). Finally, Martinez brings a consideration of the Catholic Church and the Cristero Rebellion to the Mexico-US borderlands, demonstrating the significance of crossborder connections among clergy, as well as the importance of Catholicism in American empire building and US-Mexican relations in the context of the Cristero War (item 444).

History: Mexico: Independence, Revolution, and Post-Revolution / 91

The 50th anniversary of Mexico’s student movement and the infamous massacre at Tlatelolco continues to inspire scholarly research and autobiographical accounts. Of particular note are Castillo Troncoso’s edited volume, which demonstrates several new approaches for enhancing our understanding of the student movement (item 458), and Draper’s theoretical turn (item 431). Donoso Romo places Mexico’s student activism in a broader regional context and analyzes divisions within the movement (item 430), while Pascual Gutiérrez focuses on the aftermath of 1968 through an exploration of the national government’s effort to harness the power of fi lm to bolster its legitimacy (item 453). Memoirs of the era are provided by Ortega Juárez (item 451) and Rojas Soriano (item 461), and Tirado Villegas brings together a wealth of interviews with women who participated in the student movement (item 475). Also well represented in this cycle of review is scholarship on the Mexican press, including studies of specific newspapers. Cruz García focuses on the proMadero publication, Nueva Era, demonstrating its importance to the course of Mexico’s revolution (item 424). Burkholder offers a valuable look at Excélsior, with attention to the evolution of its business structure and its changing relationship to the national government (item 418). The history and journalistic culture of Unomásuno is the subject of a volume by Flores Quintero (item 433). Finally, Smith provides an excellent analysis of national and provincial newspapers of the mid20th century in the context of the growth of civil society (item 467). The history of racial thinking, the construction of race and alterity, and mestizaje, are at the heart of several outstanding works. Rosemblatt presents racial thinking during the fi rst half of the 20th century as a transnational phenomenon (item 463), and Dalton uses literary and cultural production (including science fiction) to examine “mestizo” Mexico (item 426). Gleizer and López Caballero offer an interdisciplinary look at alterity (item 450), and Castillo Ramírez focuses on historical continuities in the racial thought of Manuel Gamio (item 420). Additionally, Villanueva provides a particularly outstanding study of ethnic violence in the Texas borderlands (item 473). Over the past several years, a handful of scholars turned their attention to the history and construction of childhood in the 20th century. These authors demonstrate the importance of media sources in this subfield, and attempt to capture directly children’s voices and experiences. Sosenski examines teenage views about criminality and justice in a comic published in a Mexico City newspaper, and explores the midcentury kidnapping of a young boy as depicted in mass media accounts (items 468 and 469). Albarrán analyzes children’s contributions to a youth magazine in the era after the Mexican Revolution (item 411), and Ford utilizes media sources as well as interviews, cultural productions, and census material to provide an excellent study of the variety of childhood conditions and experiences (item 434). Three outstanding biographies appeared during the last biennium, demonstrating the continuing value of this genre. Paxman has produced a thorough and impressive study of entrepreneur William O. Jenkins (item 455), Spenser provides a rigorous and important profi le of Vicente Lombardo Toledano (item 470), and Castro focuses on the professional life of civil engineer Modesto C. Rolland (item 421). Paxman and Chassen-López also survey contemporary historiography in this genre, and suggest methods for those who would write business biography and biographical studies of women, respectively (items 454 and 423).

92 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76

Economic and business history continues to attract scholars with both a regional and national focus. The postrevolutionary fortunes of the cattle industry of Nuevo León is the topic of a solid study by Reyes Patiño (item 459), while Román Alarcón highlights the effect of post-1930 policies on the shrimp fishing sector of Mazatlán (item 462). Celaya Aguilar examines the social and economic effects of a hydroelectric dam on three communities in the Sonoran sierra (item 422), and Méndez Reyes and Aguilar Aguilar contribute an edited volume on aspects related to the economic development of Baja California, Sonora, and Sinaloa from the eve of the Mexican Revolution to 1940 (item 427). Lomelí Vanegas explores the interplay of economics, politics, and ideology during the regimes of Venustiano Carranza, Álvaro Obregón, and Plutaro Elías Calles (item 442), while Castaño Pareja examines the Rural Credit Bank during the Lázaro Cárdenas years (item 419). Also of note is Arroyo’s exploration of the transfer of entrepreneurial knowledge among Spanish executives abroad and in Mexico (item 415). Scholars turning their attention to women’s history, gender history, and cultural and social history were less numerous than in previous cycles of review. Women’s history is nonetheless well represented by Porter’s volume on female workers in the public sector, which emphasizes links between women’s work, middle-class identity, and advocacy for women’s rights (item 457). Allen’s exploration of the world of Mexican boxing and its relationship to constructing a masculine national culture is a solid contribution to gender history (item 413). Adame provides biographies of female activists during the revolutionary era (item 409), a volume edited by Hernández Carballido includes considerations of topics related to the representation of women in the same era (item 449), and Valles Ruiz examines the work of Hermila Galindo (item 472). As noted above, Tirado Villegas has also provided an important primary source on women’s experiences in the student movement of the mid-20th century (item 475). Also of note is García Peña’s intriguing analysis of the 1915 divorce of Félix Palavicini, which probes the relationship between public and private life (item 435). Finally, in the realm of social and cultural history, Macías Cervantes explores the growth of sports and recreation in the context of postrevolutionary state consolidation (item 443). Other notable works that do not fit the categories above include Vitz’s outstanding environmental history of the basin of Mexico (item 474), and Salas Landa’s compelling examination of official attempts to reconstruct the pyramid of Tajín (item 464). Agostoni offers an analysis of Mexico’s efforts to eradicate smallpox and foster a culture of prevention (item 410), while Gudiño Cejudo explores three postrevolutionary health campaigns that utilized fi lm as a public health tool (item 438). Finally, Mendoza García examines the effect of agrarian reform on access to resources, and on society and culture, in two rural communities (item 446). [SP]

INDEPENDENCE TO REVOLUTION

352

Aguayo Hernández, Fernando. Las instituciones a prueba: los ferrocarriles en el Distrito Federal, 1878–1882. (Secuencia/México, 101, mayo/agosto 2018, p. 41–75, bibl., table)

Aguayo Hernández presents an interesting look at how two transportation cases—the Federal District Railroad and the Tramways Limited Liability Co.—dealt with functionaries of the Federal District. The article shows how governmental intervention made the rails under discussion better for the city and its riders. Recommended.

History: Mexico: Independence to Revolution / 93

353

Alanís Rufi no, Mercedes. La atención médica infantil en la Ciudad de México: discursos, imaginarios e instituciones 1861–1943. Pachuca de Soto, Mexico: Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, 2016. 267 p.: bibl., ill. Filled with charts, this book aims to show the growth of interest in and care for children beginning in the Mexican Enlightenment. Despite the years listed in the title, the details mostly show 20th-century activity. Ultimately, infant and maternal health depended on their location with Mexico’s south showing underdevelopment.

354

Alexander, Anna Rose. City on fi re: technology, social change, and the hazards of progress in Mexico City, 1860– 1910. Pittsburgh, Pa.: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2016. 224 p.: bibl., ill. (History of the urban environment) Fascinating presentation of how the need to protect Mexico City from its frequent fi res led to fi rst confrontation between traditional liberalism and municipal efforts to handle threats to the citizenry. By examining fi re through the lens of the development of regulation, the evolution of fi re brigades, better engineering, insurance, and urban modification, the capital learned to cope with the vagaries of accident and science.

355

Amalgama de historias en la construcción del México de entresiglos XIX-XX. Edición de Moisés Gámez. San Luis Potosí, Mexico: El Colegio de San Luis, 2016. 246 p.: bibl., ill., maps. (Colección Investigaciones) This collection contains eight essays discussing the various ways Mexican cities developed throughout the republic, half of which examine San Luis Potosí. An outlier is Avalos Calderón’s essay on incest in families, both among blood relations and relatives by marriage, one of the fi rst studies of this phenomenon in Mexico.

356

Carbajal López, David. Epidemias en el obispado de Guadalajara: la muerte masiva en el primer tercio del siglo XIX. Guadalajara, Mexico: Universidad de Guadalajara, CUCSH, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades; Lagos de Moreno, Mexico: CULagos Ediciones, 2016. 140 p.: bibl., maps. (Historia)

From 1800–1834, Guadalajara went through five separate epidemics—two of measles, two of smallpox, and one of cholera. Here the author studies how specific policies of the bishopric and government handled each of these outbreaks. He demonstrates much more fully than previous studies how these diseases appeared to the population both empirically and politically.

357

Careaga Viliesid, Lorena. Invasores, exploradores y viajeros: la vida cotidiana en Yucatán desde la óptica del otro, 1834–1906. v. 2. Mérida, Mexico: Consejo Editorial de la Secretaría de la Cultura y las Artes de Yucatán, 2016. 1 v.: bibl. (Libro abierto. Katunes) Volume contains bibliographies indispensable for any scholar working on 19thcentury Yucatán.

358

Chowning, Margaret. Culture wars in the trenches?: public schools and Catholic education in Mexico, 1867–1897. (HAHR, 97:4, Nov. 2017, p. 613–649, bibl.) Author points out that despite governmental efforts after 1867 to create more secular education, schools continued to teach doctrine acceptable to the Church. Further, after 1850 many new orders arrived in Mexico to continue the fight for Catholic education.

359

Coloquio Internacional El Viajero y la Ciudad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 2007. El viajero y la ciudad. Coordinación y edición de Miguel Ángel Castro con la colaboración de Ana María Romero Valle. Ciudad de México: UNAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Bibliográficas, 2017. 331 p.: bibl., ill., maps. This collection of 23 essays continues the work of Martín Quirate. The volume provides interesting insights on how Mexican music was received abroad, as well as a fi ne selection of essays on writer John Lloyd, artist and explorer Frederick Catherwood, and archeologist Edward Seler and his wife Cecilia.

360

Contreras Valdez, José Mario. La inversión privada en la comarca tepiqueña, 1821–1871. Ciudad de México: Facultad de Economía, UNAM, 2017. 309 p.: bibl. Chronological story of British investment in Tepic on Mexico’s West Coast to its

94 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 execution. They won over General Manuel Lozada, the caudillo for the region of Tepic although his followers pursued the struggle. French and British merchants made their peace and continued shipping to the US. Nevertheless, they came to own haciendas and sugar plantations in 1879.

361

Cravari, Federico. Journal of a voyage: Federico Cravari and the Gulf in 1856. (J. Southwest, 60:2, Summer 2015, p. 273–483, bibl.) Translation from the Italian of the noteworthy trip of Federico Cravari explored the guano islands in the Gulf of California and whether Mexico could develop a guano industry. Shipments began in the 1850s and thanks to Cravari, Mexico developed a guano industry which continued until the world started using chemical fertilizer.

362

Diplomacia, negocios y política: ensayos sobre la relación entre México y el Reino Unido en el siglo XIX. Coordinación y edición por Will Fowler y Marcela Terrazas y Basante. Ciudad de México: UNAM, 2018. 370 p.: bibl., ill., indexes, maps. (Serie Historia moderna y contemporánea; 74) A collection of 10 essays that discuss the relationship between Mexico and Great Britain that profited both Mexicans and the British according to their situations.

363

Fenner Bieling, Justus. La llegada al Sur: la controvertida historia de los deslindes de terrenos baldíos en Chiapas México, en su contexto internacional y nacional, 1881–1917. Ciudad de México: CIMSUR, 2015. 479 p.: bibl., ill. (some color), portraits. (Nueva Historiografia de Chiapas y Centroamérica) This work discusses how the need to create boundary lines for empty lands was determined partly by the needs of foreign investors, particularly those from the US and England. Concentrates on the role of German Luis Huller, fi rst in Guaymas, and then in Chiapas and the English colony.

364

Fernández Fernández, Iñigo. Claroscuros de un estadunidense en México: el caso de Paul Hudson (1896–1921). (Secuencia/México, 101, mayo/agosto 2018, p. 107–135, bibl.)

Paul Hudson Smith came to Mexico in 1896 as a journalist and ultimately founded the Mexican Herald, the Englishlanguage newspaper at the time. After the Revolution, he was branded a “traitor” to Mexico for his friendship with US Ambassador Henry Lane Wilson and his support of Victoriano Huerta.

365

Flores Escalante, Justo Miguel. Soberanía y excepcionalidad: la integración de Yucatán al estado mexicano, 1821–1848. Ciudad de México: Centro de Estudios Históricos, El Colegio de México, 2017. 312 p.: bibl. The author argues that although Yucatán went through phases of separation that accounted for 16 of the 37 years under discussion, it didn’t share the same sense of sovereignty. The study emphasizes that Texas had a vastly different understanding of its relationship with the Mexican state. Yet Texas was a strong supporter of Yucatán’s attempts to separate.

366

Fowler, Will. En defensa de la biografía—hacia una “historia total”: un llamado a la nueva generación de historiadores del siglo XIX mexicano. (Secuencia/México, 100, enero/abril 2018, p. 24–52, bibl.) The article argues that historians of Mexico should return to biographical studies as a means of adding to our knowledge of all other aspects of history. Fowler claims that biography offers a holistic view of the past. See also HLAS 70:480 for historian Eric Van Young’s perspective on writing Mexican history.

367

Galindo Cárdenas, Benjamín. La tempestad de 1909: una crónica pluvial sobre Monterrey y Bernardo Reyes. Monterrey, Mexico: s.n., 2018. 209 p.: bibl., ill. Discusses the changes in Monterrey, Nuevo León during the late Porfi riato and the importance of widespread planning for flooding that affected the modernization of the city and state. Adds to picture of General Bernardo Reyes, who was thought to be the obvious successor to Don Porfi rio.

368

Garrido Asperó, María José. Para sanar, fortalecer y embellecer los cuerpos: historia de la gimnasia en la ciudad de México, 1824–1876. Ciudad de México: Instituto de Investigaciones Dr. José María

History: Mexico: Independence to Revolution / 95 Luis Mora: Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, 2016. 231 p.: bibl., ill., index. (Historia social y cultural) This study examines the development of exercise, sport, and gymnastics in Mexico to 1876. Part of the problem of teaching physical culture lay in the parents who wanted schooltime to provide serious education of the arts and sciences, thinking that children spent enough time playing. Includes an excellent appendix with exact diagrams showing how workouts should be conducted. Recommended.

369

González Laporte, Verónica. Leonardo Márquez, el “Tigre de Tacubaya.” Edición de Fernández Chedraui. Presentación de Paul Garner. Puebla, Mexico: Editorial Las ánimas, 2016. 408 p., 16 unnumbered pages of plates: bibl., ill. (some color). Márquez was a supporter of the empire who managed to escape the fi ring squad in Querétaro to die in Havana at the age of 93. He was named to a secret mission to represent Mexico in Constantinople, but he was out of the country when the fi nal battle was fought. Although a semi-scholarly book, it provides a wealth of information about attitudes of Mexican conservatives.

370

Herbert, Julián. The house of the pain of others: chronicle of a small genocide. Translated from the Spanish by Christina MacSweeney. Minneapolis, Minn.: Graywolf Press, 2019. 294 p. Historical novel based on the slaughter of 300 Chinese immigrants between May 13 and May 15, 1911 in the newly built city of Torreón in the La Laguna region of Coahuila. During the early battles of the Mexican Revolution, those residents who came from Canton to help develop the silk industry were massacred and dumped in an unmarked grave pit. Book discusses these events and their impact on MexicanChinese relations. For translation specialist’s comment, see 1923.

371

Holguín Balderrama, Juan Carlos. Festejar y construir: fiestas cívicas e inauguración de obra pública en Álamos durante el porfi riato, 1892–1910. Hermosillo, Mexico: Sociedad Sonorense de Historia, 2018. 142 p., 20 unnumbered pages of plates: bibl., ill. (Confi nes; 1)

Author discusses how the civic festivals—common celebrations of the 5 de mayo and the 16 de septiembre—helped Álamos, a small town in Sonora, feel like part of the nation during the Porfi riato. Of course, the civil holidays could hardly compete with the clerical ones with their celebrations and sacred days.

372

Hurtado Galves, José Martín. El Ejército Realista en la ciudad de Querétaro 1810–1826. Santiago de Queretaro, Mexico: Poder Ejecutivo del Estado de Querétaro, 2017. 1 v.: bibl., facsims. (Historiografía Queretana; XXI) A very important compilation of documents on the Spanish royal army stationed in the heart of the independence movement, which will go a long way in fleshing out the nature of the independence wars in Mexico.

373

Jaid Tepos Navarro, Hans Cristian. Liberalismo y antiporfi rismo a fines del siglo XIX: indicios de una libertad imposible (1885–1904). Ciudad de México: UNAM, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras: UNAM, Facultad de Derecho: UNAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas, 2017. 171 p.: bibl., ill. (Centenario de la Constitución de 1917) The volume is divided into three sections: the development of Porfi rian rule, the evolution of the opposition newspaper El Hijo del Ahuizote, and its withdrawal from the debate thanks to persecution and exile.

374

Jiménez, Christina M. Making an urban public: popular claims to the city in Mexico, 1879–1932. Pittsburgh, Pa.: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2019. 402 p.: bibl., ill., index, maps. The title of this work is greatly misleading.The study is about the development of the city of Morelia, the capital of the state of Michoacán and located west of the capital in Mexico City. Jiménez asserts the importance of popular groups as fundamental to the process of neighborhood change. The study is indicative of a shift in scholarship from rural-centric to urban, but still fits in the rural paradigm of study.

375

Justicia, política y sociedad en el México contemporáneo. Coordinación de Eduardo N. Mijangos Díaz. Morelia, Mexico: Universidad Michoacana de San

96 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Nicolás de Hidalgo, Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas, Facultad de Historia: Universidad Latina de América, 2017. 313 p.: bibl. Despite the title, six of the 10 essays in this collection concern prerevolutionary topics, mostly outside Mexico City. The articles vary from Erving Goffman’s classic sociological work Stigma, and authors Berenice Guerra Sánchez and Milangos Díaz on murderers and society during the Porfi riato, to Luis Ignacio Sánchez Rojas on the Mexican army during the Porfi riato.

376

Lecturas de la Constitución: el constitucionalismo mexicano frente a la Constitución de 1917. Coordinación de José Ramón Cossío Díaz y Jesús Silva-Herzog Márquez. Ciudad de México: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2017. 407 p.: bibl. (Sección de obras de política y derecho) Collection of 10 essays on the Constitution of 1917 describe a wide array of conditions that affected the reception of the new constitution. From discussions of precursors to the document (Aguilar Rivera on Rebasa) to the publication and dissemination of its provisions (Cossío Díaz on Tena Ramírez), and González on how this constitution fits into historical context.

377

López Pérez, Oresta. Educación, lectura y construcción de género en la Academia de Niñas de Morelia (1886–1915). Ciudad de México: UNAM, Programa Universitario de Estudios de Género; San Luis Potosí, S.L.P.: El Colegio de San Luis, 2016. 299 p.: bibl., ill. This study looks at the formation of the Academia de Niñas de Morelia (1886– 1915), the students themselves, and the role of curriculum in the development of the pupils and Mexican society. While society supported education for girls, it balked at anything that disturbed traditional female roles for young women—a stance that was accentuated by the lack of role models.

378

Lurtz, Casey Marina. From the grounds up: building an export economy in southern Mexico. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2019. 280 p.: bibl., index. Thorough study of the development of an export economy—coffee beans—showing how measures from Mexico City were

understood and experienced as far away as Soconusco, Chiapas during the Porfi riato. Also explains why the population did not revolt against the government. Recommended

379

Marino, Daniela. Huixquilucan: ley y justicia en la modernización del espacio rural mexiquense, 1856–1910. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 2016. 269 p.: bibl., ill., map. (Estudios americanos. Tierra Nueva; 1) This study examines the juridical progress of individual rights, particularly with regard to landholding, in a predominately Indigenous municipio just on the border with the Federal District.

380

Martinez-Catsam, Ana Luisa. The San Antonio Daily Light’s campaign against the naturalization of Mexicans. (J. West/Manhattan, 55:4, Fall 2016, p. 22– 35, appendix, photos) Shows how one newspaper in San Antonio sought to influence the debate over whether Mexicans could become US citizens. Although the US would restrict immigration from Asia and southern Europe, it never restricted Mexicans. When the paper changed ownership, its anti-Mexican policy ground to a halt.

381

Miradas retrospectivas al México de Porfi rio Díaz. Coordinación de Luz Carregha Lamadrid, Marisa Pérez Domínguez y María Eugenia Ponce Alcocer. San Luis Potosí, Mexico: El Colegio de San Luis; Ciudad de México: UNAM; Instituto de Investigaciones Dr. José María Luis Mora; Universidad Iberoamericana, 2018. 349 p.: bibl., ill., maps. (Colección Investigaciones) Collection of 13 essays, many of which approach the Porfi riato from a regional perspective, with an introduction by Raymond Buve. The essays can be grouped into four perspectives—political, diplomatic, journalistic, and economic—every aspect that helped develop Mexico into a modern state which was unable to compete in the modern world.

382

Morales Sarabia, Rosa Angélica. La consolidación de la botánica mexicana: un viaje por la obra de José Ramírez (1852–1904). Ciudad de México: Centro de Investigaciones Interdisciplinarias en Ciencias y Humanidades, 2015. 289 p.:

History: Mexico: Independence to Revolution / 97 bibl. (Ciencia y tecnología en la historia de México) Long overdue study of the significant contribution of José Ramírez to the study of botany and its usefulness in medicine. Son of Ignacio Ramírez, el Negromante, José’s work was followed internationally and he was part of the scientification of universal society typical of the late 19th century and worked toward the construction of worldwide understanding of the natural world. Recommended.

383

Moyano Pahissa, Angela and Rocío Edith González García. La situación de los españoles en Querétaro despues de la Independencia de Mexico (1824–1836). Querétaro, Mexico: Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Facultad de Filosofía, 2017. 145 p.: bibl. (Colección Academia. Serie Nodos) In-depth study of Spaniards living in the Bajío following independence to 1836 when Mexico and Spain fi nally recognized the former colony’s sovereignty. Goes over the numerous invasions from Spain and the expulsion of Spanish from Mexico and tries to explain why they were expelled. Yet still doesn’t explain how some Spaniards managed to stay.

384

Orgaz Martínez, Andrés. El caso Dreyfus en la prensa mexicana (1894– 1908). Ciudad de México: UNAM, Coordinación de Humanidades, Programa Editorial, 2016. 244 p.: bibl., ill., portraits. (Al siglo XIX, ida y regreso) The Dreyfus case posed a dilemma for Mexico. The chief defender of Dreyfus, Justo Sierra, was also a científico, the minister of education of the Porfi rian regime. While Sierra saw the case in terms of governmental ideology, most Mexicans viewed it in terms of Jews in Mexico and their role in Mexican society. The study is an important contribution to how outside confl ict worked to resolve disagreements in the republic.

385

Padilla, Paris. El sueño de una generación: una historia de negocios en torno a la construcción del primer ferrocarril en México: 1857–1876. San Juan Mixcoac, Ciudad de México: Instituto de Investigaciones Dr. José María Luis Mora, 2016. 193 p.: bibl., ill. (Historia económica)

Study discusses the construction of the railroad between Mexico City and Veracruz from 1857–76, although it begins with independence and the competition for the construction. Shows how internal capital helped support the original projects, but British capital would be required to fi nish the project.

386

Pérez Escutia, Ramón Alonso. Identidad local, opinión pública e imaginarios sociales en Michoacán, 1821–1854. Morelia, Mexico: Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo: Editorial Morevalladolid, 2017. 464 p.: bibl., ill., index, maps. This study examines the development of political culture in the state of Michoacán. Pérez Escutia points out that the proposals emanating from the center had little impact in that state. Provides an important answer to the perennial question as to why liberalism failed to take hold. Recommended.

387

Perfi les biográficos de franceses en México (siglos XIX-XX). Coordinación de Leticia Gamboa Ojeda, Estela Munguía Escamilla y Mayra Toxqui Furlong. Puebla, Mexico: Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Instituto de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades “Alfonso Vélez Pliego”; Ciudad de México: Ediciones EyC, 2016. 393 p.: bibl., ill., index, map, portraits. This work collects 10 essays on French travelers and immigrants in mostly 19th-century Mexico. The book groups the articles by the origins of the French migrants—six from the center-southeast of France and four from the southwest. The collection is valuable for its focus on less well-known people through the century.

388

Porfi rio Díaz: de soldado de la patria a estadista: 1830–1915. Coordinación de Carlos Sánchez Silva y Francisco José Ruiz Cervantes. Oaxaca, Mexico: Carteles Editores: Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, HUABJO, Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades-UABJO, 2015. 238 p.: bibl., ill. (some color), portraits (some color). Nine essays by well-known scholars on don Porfi rio accompanied by a wealth of photographs, some of which have never been published before, including a letter

98 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 asking President Vicente Fox to bring Díaz’s remains back to Mexico. Although that has yet to materialize, it would go a long way to normalize the regime and its leader.

389

Praxedis, Guerrero G. I am action: literary and combat articles, thoughts, and revolutionary chronicles. Edited by Javier Sethness-Castro. Chico, Calif.: AK Press, 2018. 160 p. Guerrero G. Praxedis was an important important anarchist and revolutionary who should be grouped with the Flores Magón brothers in the history of the Revolution and its ideology. This study contains 49 essays, including four by the Flores Magón brothers.

390

Ramírez Ortiz, Néstor Gamaliel. Pugnas por la Sierra: intentos de control de la Sierra Gorda, 1810–1857. Prólogo de José Antonio Rivera Villanueva. San Luis Potosí, Mexico: El Colegio de San Luis; Guanajuato, Mexico: Instituto Estatal de la Cultura, 2018. 387 p.: bibl., maps. (Colección Investigaciones) Studies the attempts of governments to control the Sierra Gorda, a territory containing San Luis Potosí, Guanajuato, Zacatecas, and the land between the sierras oriental and occidental. Looks into the defi ning revolt principally led by Eleuterio Quiroz. The problem seemed to defy solution until the creation of ayuntamientos.

391

Rangel Tovías, Juan Francisco. Clubes, partidos políticos y elecciones en el Altiplano potosino, entre 1867 y 1940. San Luis Potosí, Mexico: Unión de Asociaciones del Personal Académico: Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, 2016. 260 p.: bibl. Basic unanalytical study of the development of competitive politics in the city of Matehuapa and other towns in the north of the city of San Luis Potosí. Despite a plethora of works on that state, this volume provides insights into both confl ict resolution and political development.

392

Ristow, Colby. A revolution unfi nished: the Chegomista rebellion and the limits of revolutionary democracy in Juchitán, Oaxaca. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2018. 297 p.: bibl., index. (The Mexican experience)

Careful study of a popular rebellion led by José (Che) Gómez for jefe político. In effect the lower classes of Juchitán, Oaxaca were testing their right to popular democracy and autonomy. It should come as no surprise that the rebellion was crushed and Che executed.

393

Rodríguez García, Juan José. El Estandarte: una historia de la cultura periodística, artística y literaria en el San Luis Potosi de 1885 a 1890. San Luis Potosí, Mexico: Secretaría de Cultura del Gobierno del Estado de San Luis Potosí, 2017. 152 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Premios 20 de Noviembre. Investigación Histórica) In this close examination of one of the most significant newspapers in Mexico City at the end of the 19th century, the author provides an index to every contribution that appeared in the newspaper, including important Mexican authors as well as foreign writers like Longfellow, Byron, and Poe, among others.

394

Rosas Salas, Sergio Francisco. Miguel Negrete: guerra y política en el México liberal (1824–1897). Prólogo de Marta Eugenia García Ugarte. Puebla, Mexico: Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Instituto de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades “Alfonso Vélez Pliego”; Del. Ixtapalapa, Ciudad de México: Ediciones del Lirio, 2017. 220 p.: bibl. Study of Poblano general Negrete who helped defeat the French at the Battle of Puebla on 5 May 1862. He participated in practically every important battle during the fi rst 75 years of independence.

395

Ruiz Muñoz, Lorenia. Un pequeño Montecarlo en el desierto: Mexicali, 1901–1913. La Paz, Mexico: Gobierno del Estado de Baja California Sur, Secretaría de Cultura, Instituto Sudcaliforniano de Cultura, Archivo Histórico Pablo L. Martínez, 2017. 190 p.: bibl., ill., map. Mistitled volume contributes to the story of the making of “the Border,” where patrons could fi nd whatever vices appealed—drinking, gambling, prostitution, presumably of many varieties, and drugs. Starting as a purely Mexican operation, by 1913, most sex workers were twentysomething year-old women from the US. Excel-

History: Mexico: Independence to Revolution / 99 lent contribution to the study of transnational vice.

396

Santander Ontiveros, Juan Carlos. Entre vainillales y fusiles: rebelión indígena en el Totonacapan, 1836–1838. Ciudad de México: Ediciones Navarra, 2016. 376 p.: bibl., color maps, tables. This story of an Indigenous revolt during a very unstable period during the early independence era tells of rich land coveted by both Totonacs and criollo landowners in Veracruz. Adds to Kouri’s groundbreaking study (see HLAS 62:735).

397

Schaefer, Timo H. Liberalism as utopia: the rise and fall of legal rule in post-colonial Mexico, 1820–1900. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2017. 243 p.: bibl., index. (Cambridge Latin American Studies; 105) This study focuses on the formation of postindependence administrative structures within local governments to show how mostly democratic, egalitarian institutions became dictatorial ones during the Porfi riato. The army became detatched from the nation and transformed into a force operating on its own behalf. Taken together, these factors upended any sense of the rule of law. Recommended.

398

Shelton, Laura. Bodies of evidence: honor, prueba plena, and emerging medical discourses in northern Mexico’s infanticide trials in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. (Americas/ Washington, 74:4, Oct. 2017, p. 457–480) Using infanticide trials in Sonora, the author depicts how “honor” and its defense was used as a rationale forbidding pregnancy and disowning the child after birth. Discusses how judges looked for physical evidence to prove guilt.

399

Sierra Villarreal, José Luis. La Revolución en Yucatán, 1897–1925: la historia negada. Mérida, Mexico: Dante, 2018. 352 p.: bibl., ill., maps. Study of Yucatán during the tumultuous years when the state underwent significant if not revolutionary changes. The book is fi lled with illuminating photos of protagonists, etc. and contains a timeline for events from 1890–1925. The author blames

the assassination of Governor Felipe Carrillo Puerto on the axis of power of Obregón and Calles and Sonoran dynasty.

400

Soto Espinosa, Edson Abraham Salvador. Vida y discurso liberal en Nuevo León: José Silvestre Aramberri Lavín (1816– 1864). Monterrey, Mexico: Consejo para la Cultura y las Artes de Nuevo León, 2018. 349 p.: bibl., map. A study of the life and correspondence of General Silvestre Aramberri offers the author an opportunity to examine liberalism in Mexico’s northeast and in its third largest city. The author argues for a reexamination of how liberalism differed from place to place due to regional events.

401

Stauffer, Brian A. Victory on earth or in heaven: Mexico’s Religionero rebellion. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2020. 376 p.: bibl., index. Studies the almost-forgotten Religionero revolt (1873–77) in Michoacán against the required oath of allegiance to the anticlerical constitution of 1857 and the Reform laws mandated for all government employees. Also points to ultramontane reform that became identified with other reforms as hostile to local religiosity. Territorialidad y poder regional de las Intendencias en las independencias de México y Perú. See item 243.

402

Uribe Mendoza, Blanca Irais. La invención de los animales: una historia de la veterinaria mexicana, siglo XIX. (Hist. Ciênc. Saúde Manguinhos, 22:4, out./dez. 2015, p. 1391–1409, bibl.) Uribe Mendoza’s article looks at how veterinary medicine developed in the 19th century. She describes how the study of animals was shown to be a necessary step in preventing the spread of disease from animal to humans, and how a better understanding of animal science led to the development of practices for sanitary production and distribution of animal food products, in particular regulating import and export of livestock to avoid the spread of disease among animals.

403

Valdés Manríquez, Hugo. Fulguración y disolvencia de Santiago Vidaurri. Ciudad de México: Secretaría de Cultura,

100 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 INEHRM, Instituto Nacional de Estudios Históricos de las Revoluciones de México; Monterrey, Mexico: CONARTE, Consejo para la Cultura y las Artes de Nuevo León, 2017. 366 p.: bibl. (Historia) Semi-scholarly portrait of Santiago Vidaurri, one of the leaders of Nuevo León, who started out as a Juarista, but subsequently joined the French Empire. Echoes the analysis of historian Enrique Krauze in showing that the Reform and Empire created a new epoch—that of heroes and regional strongmen.

404

Van Young, Eric. Adventures with Don Luquitas: exploring our obligations as biographers. (Americas/Washington, 75:3, July 2018, p. 453–462) This essay, delivered as a talk by the recipient of the Distinguished Service Award of the CLAH, describes what he has learned about biography. His full-length book on this topic is forthcoming.

405

Vázquez Olivera, Mario. Chiapas mexicana: la gestación de la frontera entre México y Guatemala durante la primera mitad del siglo XIX. Ciudad de México: UNAM, Centro de Investigaciones sobre América Latina y el Caribe; San Cristobal de las Chiapas, Mexico: Centro de Investigaciones Multidisciplinarias sobre Chiapas y la Frontera Sur, 2018. 269 p.: bibl., maps (one color). Chiapas presented an interesting set of problems for the new nation of Mexico. This article compares the incorporation of Chiapas with Gran Colombia. The author shows that two factions located in San Cristobal and Tuxtla sought to be regarded as the leader. These squabbles delayed the drawing of the southern border.

406

Villegas, Pascale. Las costas de Yucatán, escenario de batallas navales durante la guerra Méjico-Tejas 1835–37. (Caribb. Stud., 44:1/2, 2016, p. 187–204, bibl., graph) Villegas looks at the understudied naval confl icts between Texan and Mexican ships during the Texas rebellion, 1835–37. The author notes the many connections between Yucatán and Texas, both seeking independence from the Mexican state. In fact, once independent, Texas proved a staunch ally of Yucatán.

407

Vivó, Buenaventura. Memorias de Buenaventura Vivó: ministro de México en España durante los años 1853, 1854 y 1855. Edición, prólogo y notas de Raúl Figueroa Esquer. Ciudad de México: Bonilla Artigas Editores: Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores, México, Acervo Histórico Diplomático: ITAM, 2017. 717 p.: bibl., index. (Pública Histórica; 6) Superb rendering of lengthy account of Vivó’s presence in Spain (over 500 pages, including seven appendices). Chapter 6 discusses the diplomatic conventions with Spain which led to Spanish invasion of Veracruz to collect debts in 1861. Includes survey of the arts in Spain at mid-century.

408

Zeltsman, Corinna. Defi ning responsibility: printers, politics, and the law in early republican Mexico City. (HAHR, 98:2, May 2018, p. 189–222, bibl., ill.) Zeltsman looks at how the press handled the fallout from the publication of Gutiérrez Estrada’s pamphlet advocating monarchy as a solution to Mexico’s problems. According to Mexican law, printers were legally responsible when they published seditious works. Author uses printer Ignacio Cumplido’s subsequent arrest as a way to discuss press freedom. REVOLUTION AND POSTREVOLUTION

409

Adame, Ángel Gilberto. De armas tomar: feministas y luchadoras sociales de la Revolución Mexicana. Ciudad de México: Aguilar, 2017. 216 p., 16 unnumbered pages of plates: bibl., ill., portraits. The author provides biographical sketches of 12 women whose lives and careers helped to advance revolutionary ideas and to break down barriers for women. The volume features some better-known figures, including feminist writer and suffrage activist Hermila Galindo, and leftist photographer Tina Modotti, and some lesser-known, including Palma Guillén, Mexico’s fi rst female diplomat, and Adelaida Arguëlles, who became a national spokesperson for university students in the midst of the Mexican Revolution.

410

Agostoni, Claudia. Médicos, campañas y vacunas: la viruela y la cultura de su prevención en México 1870–1952.

History: Mexico: Revolution and Post-Revolution / 101 Ciudad de México: UNAM: Instituto de Investigaciones Dr. José María Luis Mora, 2016. 238 p.: bibl., ill., map. (Serie Historia moderna y contemporánea; 70) The author challenges the view of an eradication effort that followed a linear progression as scientific and technological knowledge improved. Instead, Mexico’s efforts to contain, control, and ultimately eliminate smallpox attracted a host of (often competing) voices, as well as the refusal of many Mexicans to be vaccinated. Only over time was a culture of prevention assimilated, enabling eradication to occur.

411

Albarrán, Elena Jackson. Los niños colaboradores de la revista Pulgarcito y la construcción de la infancia, México 1925–1932. (Iberoamericana/Madrid, 15:60, dic. 2015, p. 155–168, bibl., photo) This article analyzes the contributions of Mexican children to a youth magazine published by the Secretary of Public Education, as well as the editors’ attempts to mold an “ideal child” in the context of the postrevolutionary era. Through drawing lessons, excursions, and editorial feedback on children’s drawings, the magazine attempted to create a generation of nationalistic, hygienic, and dutiful citizens.

412

Alfonseca Giner de los Ríos, Juan B. El confl icto religioso en las escuelas rurales federales de Texcoco y Chalco, 1923–1933. (Secuencia/México, 94, enero/ abril 2016, p. 148–180, bibl.) Focusing on rural towns in the eastern Valley of Mexico, the author challenges the traditional periodization of the Churchstate confl ict, with its focus on the Cristero War. In this part of the country, the confl ict began with the fi rst attempts to impose federal schools, and continued as expropriation of ecclesiastical lands set up a confl ict over space. Communities fractured as agraristas, Protestant groups, and others clashed with the Catholic faithful and local authorities. Tensions persisted into the 1930s.

413

Allen, Stephen D. A history of boxing in Mexico: masculinity, modernity, and nationalism. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2017. 281 p.: bibl. The author explores the emergence of boxing after World War II, and details the lives and careers of five boxers: Rodolfo

Casanova, Raúl Macías, Vicente Saldívar, Rubén Olivares, and José Nápoles. The sport was central to the construction of a national culture that was modern and masculine.

414

Los arreglos del presidente Portes Gil con la jerarquía católica y el fi n de la guerra cristera: aspectos jurídicos e históricos. Coordinación de José Luis Soberanes Fernández y Oscar Cruz Barney. Ciudad de México: UNAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas, 2015. 334 p.: bibl. (Serie Doctrina jurídica; 718) Scholars from Mexico, Spain, and Italy examine topics related to the legal framework emerging from the Cristero confl ict. Authors examine specific aspects of the settlement agreement and reactions to it by the faithful and by Mexican clergy, explore the history of the Mexican Catholic Apostolic Church, and analyze Vatican diplomatic efforts and concerns over preserving the faith in a postrevolutionary Mexico. An appendix transcribes several documents from the Vatican Apostolic Archive (formerly, the Vatican Secret Archive), and includes facsimiles of materials related to the Mexican schismatic church.

415

Arroyo Sotomayor, Alejandra M. Migración y emprendizaje: emigrantes españoles emprendedores en México. Ciudad de México: Grupo Editorial Cenzontle, 2014. 241 p.: bibl., ill. (Leyendo al mundo) Based on a doctoral thesis in international relations and European integration, this study is concerned with the role of family and social ties in fostering business success, the transfer of entrepreneurial knowledge, and the internationalization of business ties. The fi rst half of the book examines theories of international commerce and of migration, and provides a general survey of global migration. The second half makes use of the author’s interviews with Spanish entrepreneurs and their descendants in Mexico, Puebla, and Veracruz.

416

Ayape, Carlos Sola. Al rescate de Franco y del franquismo: el hispanismo mexicano en la encrucijada de la segunda guerra mundial. (Secuencia/México, 95, mayo/agosto 2016, p. 91–114) This article examines the discourse used by the writers Alfonso Junco and Jesús Guisa y Azevedo in defending Francisco

102 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Franco. Both men embraced the idea of a broader “Hispanic” identity (based on a traditional Catholicism) that Mexico shared with Spain, and they sought to distance Franco from the Third Reich by equating Nazism with communism and depicting Hitler as a threat to Christian civilization.

417

Blanco Ojeda, Félix. Los maestros veracruzanos en la Revolución Mexicana (1910–1917). Veracruz, Mexico: Editora de Gobierno del Estado de Veracruz, 2017. 278 p.: bibl. (Colección Investigaciones) The focus of this brief study is on primary teachers who emerged from the Escuela Normal Veracruzana. The author explores the motives of teachers in opposing the old regime, and the nature of their participation in the revolution. He focuses on specific teachers, including Hilario C. Gutiérrez, who fought in the ranks of magonistas, maderistas, and Constitutionalists. Economic considerations and the poor social status of teachers pushed them toward revolutionary activity.

418

Burkholder, Arno. La red de los espejos: una historia del diario Excélsior, 1916–1976. Ciudad de México: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2016. 187 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Comunicación) This useful study traces the history of the newspaper from its founding in the midst of the Mexican Revolution to the expulsion of editor Julio Scherer García, in response to the paper’s criticism of the government. The author is concerned with Excélsior as a business that evolved from a small private enterprise to a cooperative. He also focuses on the effect of the paper’s journalistic voice on the publication’s relationship with the government.

419

Castaño Pareja, Yoer Javier. Estrategias de fomento y desarrollo de la actividad agropecuaria durante el sexenio cardenista: el papel desempeñado por el Banco Nacional de Crédito Ejidal, 1934– 1940. (Secuencia/México, 89, mayo/agosto 2014, p. 119–140, bibl.) The author examines the context in which the bank was established, and details its initiatives during the first five years. In addition to extending credit and promoting irrigation works, the bank promoted the cultural and intellectual betterment of campesinos.

420

Castillo Ramírez, Guillermo. Integración, mestizaje y nacionalismo en el México revolucionario: Forjando patria de Manuel Gamio: la diversidad subordinada al afán de unidad. (Rev. Mex. Cienc. Polít. Soc., 59:221, mayo/agosto 2014, p. 175–199, bibl.) The author examines influences on Gamio’s 1916 text, pointing to a continuity with the earlier ideas of Justo Sierra and Andrés Molina Enríquez, and a selective appropriation of concepts embraced by Franz Boas. Despite his emphasis on Mexico’s diversity (and mestizaje), Gamio’s vision was one that emphasized a “Western” civilizational process, and celebrated only the cultural and artistic traditions of Indigenous Mexico.

421

Castro, J. Justin. Apostle of progress: Modesto C. Rolland, global progressivism, and the engineering of revolutionary Mexico. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2019. 310 p.: bibl., index. Rolland was a civil engineer, whose professional activities spanned the revolutionary and postrevolutionary eras. The author presents Rolland as a not-so-likeable, middle level technocrat, who managed, in the midst of political volatility, to help engineer a built environment that he saw as the heart of a progressive Mexico.

422

Celaya Aguilar, Suzette Daniela. Lo que El Novillo se llevó: la repercusión del desplazamiento forzado en tres pueblos sonorenses, 1920–1970. Hermosillo, Mexico: El Colegio de Sonora, 2018. 224 p.: bibl., ill., maps. (Cuadernos Cuarto creciente; 27) The focus of this study is on three communities in the central sierra region, displaced as a hydroelectric dam flooded their lands. The author traces the history of each community and its development as a productive agricultural zone. She focuses on the social and economic effects of displacement, and analyzes how different groups fared in their attempts to adjust their livelihoods in Hermosillo.

423

Chassen de López, Francie R. Biografiando mujeres: ¿qué es la diferencia? (Secuencia/México, 100, enero/abril 2018, p. 133–162, bibl.) This article identifies key considerations in the historical reconstruction of

History: Mexico: Revolution and Post-Revolution / 103 women’s lives, including intersectionality, subjectivity, representation, and attention to private life. She explores how new methods of biographical analysis are reflected in contemporary studies of Mexican women, including the author’s own work on 19thcentury Tehuana entrepreneur Juana C. Romero.

424

Cruz García, Raúl. Nueva Era y la prensa en el maderismo: de la caída de Porfi rio Díaz a la Decena Trágica. Ciudad de México: UNAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas, 2013. 320 p.: bibl., ill. (Historia Moderna y Contemporánea; 63) The author seeks to fi ll a gap in historical research on the press in Mexico, and to underscore the importance of Nueva Era in influencing the course of the Mexican Revolution. He explores the emergence of this pro-Madero publication, its editors, readership, and coverage. Additionally, the author analyzes the opposition press, including La Prensa, El Instransigente, El Noticiero Mexicana, and the Catholic La Nación. Several photos, cartoons, and other images from the press of this era enhance this study.

425

Curley, Robert. Citizens and believers: religion and politics in revolutionary Jalisco, 1900–1930. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2018. 382 p.: bibl., ill., index. The author provides an important analysis of “Catholic politics,” demonstrating that religious devotion and identity played a central role in how local Catholics experienced the Mexican Revolution and the postrevolutionary era. He traces the evolution of “social Catholicism” as an alternative to liberalism and examines the organization of confessional party politics and the era of Catholic Party government in Jalisco. Additional chapters discuss the emergence of Catholic worker activism in the 1920s, and the role of Guadalajara mayor José Guadalupe Zuno, who crushed Catholic politics, giving rise to the militancy of the Cristero Rebellion.

426

Dalton, David S. Mestizo modernity: race, technology, and the body in postrevolutionary Mexico. Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 2018. 236 p.: bibl., index. (Reframing media, technology, and culture in Latin/o America)

This highly theoretical work examines the link between literary and cultural production and the encoding of a “mestizo” Mexico. The author explores this link through a “post-human” reading of José Vasconcelos’ ideas of a Cosmic Race, and through an analysis of racial discourses in the murals of Diego Rivera and José Clemente Orozco. He also examines the “technology” of medical immunization of Indians through the fi lms of Emilio Fernández, and discusses the mestizo theme in lucha libre cinema and in the 1960s science fiction novel Mejicanos en el espacio.

427

Debates sobre el noroeste de México: agricultura, empresas y banca (1906–1940). Coordinación de Jesús Méndez Reyes y Gustavo Aguilar Aguilar. Culiacán, Mexico: Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa; Baja California, Mexico: Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, 2012. 246 p.: bibl., ill., maps. (Historia) The authors in this volume combine archival work and interdisciplinary methodologies to analyze topics related to the economic development of Baja California, Sonora, and Sinaloa. Selections on Baja California explore the legacy of entrepreneurship, the development of tourism in Tijuana, and the circulation of currency during the Revolution, including the commercialization of the garbanzo sector of Sonora. The development of irrigated farming in Sinaloa is the topic of several selections.

428

Las derechas en el México contemporáneo. Coordinación de María del Carmen Collado Herrera. Ciudad de México: Instituto de Investigaciones Dr. José María Luis Mora: Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, 2015. 274 p.: bibl., index. This is an excellent volume on three manifestations of the Mexican right during the 20th century. The authors trace the origins and development of three organizations, all with ties to the Catholic Church, which played a role in resisting the secularizing tendencies of the postrevolutionary and Cold War-era state. A selection on the Caballeros de Colón focuses on its role in the Cristero Rebellion, while a chapter on La Unión Nacional Padres de Familia highlights its efforts to resist sex and socialist education during the 1930s. A fi nal chapter

104 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 analyzes the Movimiento Universitario de Renovadora Orientación (MURO), a public face of the secretive Yunque organization that inspired students at UNAM during the 1960s and 1970s.

429

Documentos de pastoral cívica y social de la Iglesia Católica en la Diócesis de Zamora, Michoacán, 1930–1970. Edición de Miguel J. Hernández Madrid. Colaboración de María del Pilar Alvarado Rodríguez. Michoacán, Mexico: El Colegio de Michoacán, 2014. 326 p.: bibl. (Colección Fuentes) The editor has compiled 29 documents from the aftermath of the Cristero confl ict and before Vatican II. These include commentaries of the regional church on the issues of socialism and communism, Catholic and secular education, morality, responsible fatherhood, and “Catholic citizenship.”

430

Donoso Romo, Andrés. El movimiento estudiantil mexicano de 1968 en clave latinoamericana: aproximación a las nociones de educación y transformación social. (Hist. Crít./Bogotá, 63, enero/marzo 2017, p. 137–157, bibl., graph) The author places the Mexican movement and its main demands in the broader context of student movements elsewhere in Latin America. Mexico’s student movement split between those who saw education as the key to social transformation, and those who concluded that more militant activism was necessary to bring about change.

431

Draper, Susana. México 1968: experimentos de la libertad: constelaciones de la democracia. Ciudad de México: Siglo Veintiuno Editores, 2018. 285 p.: bibl. (Historia inmediata) This is the Spanish version of Draper’s highly theoretical study of the deeper meanings of the student movement. She utilizes the work of several writers, including Marxist José Revueltas and other men and women who participated in the movement. The author also engages with the effects of Super 8 fi lm on the reconceptualization of politics, and with the gendered nature of the memory of 1968. For a review of the Englishlanguage version of the book, see item 2240.

432

Enciso Lizárraga, Sayra Selene. Mapas, planos y diseños de Baja California, siglo XX. La Paz, Mexico: Gobierno

del Estado de Baja California Sur: Consejo Nacional para la Cultura y las Artes: Instituto Sudcaliforniano de Cultura: Archivo Histórico Pablo L. Martínez, 2012. 285 p.: bibl., ill., maps. This cartographical collection follows the author’s 2006 volume on the 18th and 19th centuries. She brings together materials from the Archivo Histórico de Baja California Sur pertaining to the late Porfi riato, the Mexican Revolution, and the postrevolutionary era. Themes are disparate and include plans for schools and other public buildings, maps of ejidos, and drawings related to physical features, the urban landscape, and criminal activity.

433

Flores Quintero, Genoveva. Unomásuno, Mexico: victorias perdidas del periodismo mexicano (1977–1989). Ciudad de México: Universidad Iberoamericana: Ediciones Fractal, 2014. 319 p.: bibl. (El pasado del presente) The author, once a reporter for the newspaper, utilizes oral history to relate a story “from below,” with a focus on reporters and the journalistic culture in which they operated. She examines the paper’s origins (in the context of Julio Scherer García’s expulsion from Excélsior), discusses ongoing confl icts (including the departure of some reporters to found La Jornada), and analyzes interest groups or “camarillas” that bound together different groups that worked for the newspaper. She also explores discursive practices among reporters, and changes resulting from the emergence of a more professionalized, university-educated group of reporters.

434

Ford, Eileen. Childhood and modernity in Cold War Mexico City. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2018. 243 p.: bibl., index. Utilizing newspapers, magazines, oral interviews, cultural productions, and census material, the author explores the conditions and experiences of children from 1934 (the beginning of mass-produced children’s programs and the start of the socialist education project) to 1968. Mexico City experienced a boom in its child population in the decades after the Mexican Revolution, encouraging attempts by the state and

History: Mexico: Revolution and Post-Revolution / 105 the Catholic Church to incorporate this demographic into their visions of a modern society. Many childhoods existed, including those shaped by modern attitudes and consumer culture, and those affected by child labor, poverty, and abuse.

435

García Peña, Ana Lidia. Un divorcio secreto en la Revolución mexicana: ¡todo por una jarocha! Ciudad de México: Centro de Estudios Históricos, El Colegio de México, 2017. 160 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección La aventura de una vida cotidiana. Historiainvestigación; 2) This is a fascinating study of the 1915 divorce of Félix Palavicini, who supported divorce reform as a member of Venustiano Carranza’s inner circle. The author provides a social history of divorce, as well as an intriguing analysis of the relationship between public and private life in the context of revolutionary reform. She utilizes the divorce proceedings as well as Palavicini’s 1930s autobiography to explore whether his divorce was a confl ict of interest.

436

Garrido Asperó, María José. El automovilismo deportivo en México: sus primeros clubes y competencias (siglo XX). (Hist. Crít./Bogotá, 61, julio/sept. 2016, p. 105–123, bibl.) The author examines the advent the automobile in Mexico and reviews the history of the fi rst automobile associations, car tourism, and the growth of car racing. The promise of broader economic benefits tied to growth of car culture encouraged the growth of car clubs and ultimately, car racing.

437

Gil Lázaro, Alicia. El asistencialismo en la emigración española a México: el modelo de las Sociedades de Beneficencia, siglos XIX y XX. (Estud. Migr. Latinoam., 29:78/79, 2015, p. 79–104, graphs, map, tables) The author utilizes documents from Spanish welfare societies in Mexico City, Puebla, and Veracruz to examine their origins, growth, and characteristics during the high point of Spanish immigration (1880– 1930). She examines how such societies were governed, and underscores their focus on providing hospital care and repatriation assistance for members of the immigrant community.

438

Gudiño Cejudo, María Rosa. Educacion higiénica y cine de salud en México, 1925–1960. Ciudad de México: El Colegio de Mexico, 2016. 256 p.: bibl., ill. This interesting study focuses on three health campaigns of the postrevolutionary era: a campaign against venereal disease during the 1920s, the Health for the Americas campaign of the 1940s, and a campaign to eradicate malaria during the 1950s. The author places her analysis in the context of the federalization of public health in Mexico, the emergence of “social” medicine, and international public health initiatives (including those of the Rockefeller Foundation). Filmic approaches to public health evolved from simple lessons on hygiene to representations of “sanitary models” who would help redeem Mexicans and thus modernize the nation.

439

Horta Duarte, Regina. “El zoológico del porvenir”: narrativas y memorias de nación sobre el Zoológico de Chapultepec, Ciudad de México, siglo XX. (Hist. Crít./Bogotá, 72, abril/junio 2019, p. 93–113, bibl.) Established with the support of Álvaro Obregón, the zoo emerged within the context of postrevolutionary nation building. The author examines the Porfi rian antecedents of the institution, and analyzes the vision of biologist Alfonso Luis Herrera, who led the attempt to establish a modern institution in the 1920s.

440

La imagen cruenta: centenario de la Decena Trágica. Coordinación de Rebeca Monroy Nasr y Samuel Villela. Ciudad de México: Secretaría de Cultura: Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, 2017. 342 p.: bibl., ill. (Científica) (Colección Historia. Serie Enlace) Most of the essays in this volume engage with visual images of the Ten Tragic Days, utilizing photos from public and private collections, as well as photojournalism of the period. Selections include an exploration of the work of photojournalists Agustín Casasola, Antonio Garduño, and Gerónimo Hernández, an analysis of postcards, and a study of the photos of a member of the Porfi rian elite. Additional chapters examine images of Victoriano Huerta, the paintings of Fernando Best Pontones, and the chron-

106 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 icle of the Tragic Ten Days by journalist Alfonso Taracena.

and analyzes sporting images contained in advertising.

441

444

Krauze, Enrique. El nacimiento de las instituciones: la creación económica de México en tiempos de Calles, 1924–1928. Ciudad de México: Tusquets Editores, 2015. 294 p.: bibl., ill., portraits. (Colección Andanzas) This volume brings together the author’s work, some of it revised, from the multivolume Historia de la Revolución Mexicana, fi rst published in the 1970s. In the context of postrevolutionary reconstruction, the author examines banking and fiscal policies, infrastructure development, agrarian reform, and labor reform. For comment on a related publication by the same author, see HLAS 42:2323.

442

Lomelí Vanegas, Leonardo. La política económica y el discurso de la reconstrucción nacional (1917–1925). Ciudad de México: UNAM, 2016. 365 p.: bibl. (Cátedra universitaria; 1) The author explores the intersection of economics, politics, and ideology during a pivotal era of postrevolutionary rebuilding. He argues for a continuity in economic policy from Venustiano Carranza to Álvaro Obregón to the fi rst year of the administration of Plutarco Elías Calles. He also highlights the work and thought of Alberto J. Pani, Luis Cabrera, and Salvador Alvarado. In their attempts at reconstruction, all of these figures legitimated an active economic role for the state.

443

Macías Cervantes, César Federico. La revolución en carne y hueso: las prácticas deportivas como evidencia del cambio social en México y Guanajuato 1920–1960. Guanajuato, Mexico: Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus Guanajuato, División de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, 2017. 474 p.: bibl., ill., maps. (Pliego historia) This is a social and cultural study of the growth of sports and recreation in the context of postrevolutionary state consolidation. The author examines the national and local contexts in which sports, physical education, and other leisure activities became part of the attempt to create a “new” Mexican citizen. He also explores the linkages between sports and official festivals,

Martinez, Anne M. Catholic borderlands: mapping Catholicism onto American empire, 1905–1935. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2014. 293 p.: bibl., ill., index. The author argues for the importance of Catholicism as both a part of American empire building and as a critical component in interactions between the US and Mexico. She focuses on the importance of Francis Kelley, founder of the Catholic Church Extension Society of the US, who fashioned a narrative of America’s southern and western borderlands as historically Catholic. Efforts to preserve Catholicism in revolutionary Mexico, as well as transborder connections between Catholic clergy, helped shape USMexican relations, particularly in the context of the Cristero Rebellion.

445

Méndez Moreno, Carlos Domingo. El anticlericalismo en Tabasco: entre prácticas, símbolos y representaciones. Michoacán, Mexico: Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Facultad de Historia, 2016. 239 p.: bibl., ill. This interesting study examines local anticlerical efforts that began under Carrancista governor Francisco Múgica, and reached a height under Tomás Garrido Canabal. The author is especially concerned with how anti-clerical efforts attempted to transform society and its cultural expressions. He examines “rationalist” educational efforts, and explores efforts to substitute secular events such as carnivals and fairs, for religious festivals.

446

Mendoza García, Jesús Edgar. Agua y tierra en San Gabriel Chilac, Puebla, y San Juan Teotihuacán, estado de México: el impacto de la reforma agraria sobre el gobierno local, 1917–1960. Ciudad de México: CIESAS, Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social, 2016. 297 p.: bibl., maps. (Publicaciones de la Casa Chata) The author examines the effect of government centralization on local autonomy, control over resources, and social and cultural life in the context of agrarian reform and of a national strategy of develop-

History: Mexico: Revolution and Post-Revolution / 107 ment. The comparative analysis features two rural Indigenous and mestizo communities (Otomí and Nahua) that experienced significant land reform, and that had a history of confl ict over land and water. Despite an overall decline in local autonomy and control, the communities remained relevant to the task of solving local problems.

447

Mendoza Soriano, Reidezel. El frustrado fusilamiento de Francisco Villa: reclusión y fuga en la Prisión Militar de Santiago, 1912–1913. Chihuahua, Mexico: Createspace Independent Pub, 2018. 142 p.: bibl., photographs. The author examines the detention of Villa by Victoriano Huerta for robbery and insubordination, utilizing documents from the Secretary of Defense Archive as well as newspaper accounts that detailed Villa’s escape from prison. Includes transcribed documents from the legal proceedings against Villa.

448

México en 1917: entorno económico, político, jurídico y cultural. Edición de Patricia Galeana. Textos de Javier Garciadiego, Aurelio de los Reyes, Enrique Semo, y José Gamas Torruco. Ciudad de México: Instituto Nacional de Estudios Históricos de las Revoluciones de México, Secretaría de Cultura: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2017. 247 p.: bibl. (Biblioteca constitucional INEHRM) (Estudios constitucionales) This volume commemorates the centennial of the constitution, bringing together four essays by specialists in history, cultural studies, economics, and the law. Each essay seeks to contextualize the constitution by examining the main historical events surrounding it, discussing the cultural and economic environment in which it was drafted, and comparing its principals to those of the 1857 Constitution.

449

Mujeres independientes, mujeres revolucionarias. Coordinación de Elvira Hernández Carballido. Contribuciones de Josefi na Hernández Téllez et al. Hidalgo, Mexico: Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, 2013. 159 p.: bibl., ill. This volume brings together the work of journalists, fi lmmakers, historians, and other specialists in the humanities and social sciences to explore the independence

and revolutionary eras. Selections on the 19th century examine women’s education, women’s participation in the independence movement, the work of Leona Vicario, and Miguel Hidalgo’s use of the Virgin of Guadalupe as his standard. Selections on the revolutionary era explore topics related to images of women in photographs and corridos, the politics of reproduction, women’s suffrage, the ideas of Hermila Galindo, and the work of fi lmmakers Adriana and Dolores Elhers.

450

Nación y alteridad: mestizos, indígenas y extranjeros en el proceso de formación nacional. Coordinación de Daniela Gleizer Salzman y Paula López Caballero. Introducción de Claudia Briones. Textos de Ariadna Acevedo Rodrigo et al. Ciudad de México: Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Cuajimalpa: Ediciones EyC, 2015. 442 p.: ill., maps. The authors aimed at producing a volume that sheds light on alterity in a comparative sense, through essays by historians, anthropologists, and cultural studies specialists. A fi rst section examines institutional constructions of alterity through an examination of the Instituto Nacional Indigenista and through Mexico’s immigration and naturalization policies. A second section probes representations and discourses of indigeneity in anthropology and art. A fi nal section explores the slippery nature of Indigenous and mestizo categories in the context of immigration to Quintana Roo, at the archeological site of Teotihuacán, and in the Tijuana border zone.

451

Ortega, Joel. Adiós al 68. Prólogo de Jorge G. Castañeda. Ciudad de México: Grijalbo, 2018. 223 p: bibl., ill. The author, an active member of the student movement of the 1960s and 1970s, offers his reflections on the movement’s history and legacy. He also includes biographical sketches of seven activists, as well as documents and photographs related to the era.

452

Los pacientes del Manicomio La Castañeda y sus diagnósticos: una historia de la clínica psiquiátrica en México, 1910–1968. Coordinación de Andrés Ríos Molina et al. Ciudad de México: UNAM,

108 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas: Instituto de Investigaciones Dr. José María Luis Mora, 2017. 448 p.: bibl., ill. (Serie Historia moderna y contemporánea; 72) The authors utilize clinical notes to explore the hospital’s history of treating mental illness, the demographics of patients, and the results of treatment. The volume utilizes a random sample of 12,000 patients, and individual chapters focus on analyzing the treatments for schizophrenia and manic depression, epilepsy, syphilis, alcoholism and drug addiction, movement disorders, and intellectual disability.

politics on national and local levels. Jenkins successfully navigated Mexico’s revolutionary era, cultivating ties with an emerging Mexican elite, participating in charitable activities, and gaining a reputation for business acumen, graft, and even violence. Particularly interesting are the author’s treatment of the controversy surrounding Jenkins’ kidnapping in 1919, and his role in Mexico’s fi lm industry during the Golden Age. Jenkins’ legacy lives on in the Jenkins Foundation, Mexico’s largest private charity. For a comment on a related study by the same author, see item 454.

453

456

Pascual Gutiérrez, Iris. La reformulación del autoritarismo mexicano durante la presidencia de Luis Echeverría (1970–1976): la política cinematográfica como ejemplo. (Millars, 41:2, 2016, p. 15–43, bibl., graph) This article examines the ways in which the government sought to harness the power of cinema to bolster its legitimacy in the aftermath of the events of 1968. The author examines the context in which the state became a major sponsor of Mexican fi lmmaking, and examines the discourse that was advanced through several specific fi lms, including a biopic of Benito Juárez, and fi lms critical of governments of the 1940–70 era.

454

Paxman, Andrew. Business biography in Mexico: the state of the genre, its usefulness, and how to research one. (Secuencia/México, 100, enero/abril 2018, p. 185–211, bibl.) The author of the recent study of William O. Jenkins (see item 455) examines the existing historiography, advocates for the usefulness of the genre, and points to methods and resources in order to advance the study of private enterprise through biography.

455

Paxman, Andrew. Jenkins of Mexico: how a Southern farm boy became a Mexican magnate. New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, 2017. 509 p.: bibl., ill., index, maps. In this wide-ranging study, the author provides both a detailed biographical sketch of the oft-reviled American entrepreneur, and a thorough analysis of the relationship between his business interests and Mexican

¿Por Dios o por la mitra?: obispos, cristeros, evangélicos, 1926–1992. Coordinación de Servando Ortoll y Julia Preciado Zamora. Jalisco, Mexico: El Colegio de Jalisco, 2016. 149 p.: bibl. (Temas de estudio) An interdisciplinary group of scholars takes a fresh look at the Cristero confl ict, utilizing previously untapped archives, including the Vatican Secret Archive. Authors examine the role played in the confl ict by Catholic organizations in the US, the attempts of Jalisco evangelical groups to assert themselves in the midst of the confl ict, and military and diplomatic tactics used to pacify Cristeros. Additional chapters explore the “code of silence” that prevailed within the Mexican Catholic Church in the aftermath of the rebellion (a code that prevented any cinematic depiction of the event until the 1970s). What emerges is a picture of a Mexican church, led by Pascual Díaz y Barreto, that used Cristero rebels, and then abandoned them.

457

Porter, Susie S. From angel to office worker: middle-class identity and female consciousness in Mexico, 1890–1950. Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 2018. 351 p.: bibl., graphs, ill., index, photos, tables. In this exploration of government office workers in Mexico City, the author underscores how these women helped shape a middle-class identity, and played a leading role in advancing the cause of women’s rights. She examines public discourse about women and work, the emergence of commercial schooling for women and the growth of public sector employment,

History: Mexico: Revolution and Post-Revolution / 109 women’s use of their professional literacy to advocate for themselves, and representations of female office workers through fi lm, newspapers, literature, and sociological studies.

458

Reflexión y crítica en torno al movimiento estudiantil de 1968: nuevos enfoques y líneas de investigación. Coordinación de Alberto del Castillo Troncoso. Ciudad de México: Instituto Mora, 2012. 205 p.: bibl., ill., index. (Historia social y cultural) The volume provides an excellent selection of studies that underscore the possibilities for enhancing understanding of the student movement. Authors examine the construction of the official memory of 1968, the collective memory of student activists, and fi lmic treatments of the era. Additional selections compare depictions of youth culture in conservative and progressive publications, examine the clash between students and the government over how to represent Cuba’s revolution, explore the student movement through the flyers that it produced, and survey the historiography relevant to a gendered reading of 1968.

459

Reyes Patiño, Reynaldo de los. La economía ganadera de Nuevo León: propiedad de la tierra, producción y mercados en la época posrevolucionaria. Monterrey, Mexico: Consejo para la Cultura y las Artes de Nuevo León, 2014. 209 p.: bibl., ill., maps. (Memoria del futuro. Concursos) This well-researched study focuses on how the region’s cattle industry recovered from the revolutionary era between 1920 and 1940. The author examines the effects of agrarian reform, and surveys the reorientation of cattle markets and modernization of production in its aftermath. A fi nal section of the book analyzes the emergence of a meat processing and meatpacking industry centered around Monterrey.

460

Rifrem (research network). Encuentro. 17th, Mexico City, 2014. Mártires, santos, patronos: devociones y santidad en el México del siglo XX. Coordinación de Marisol López Menéndez. Ciudad de México: Universidad Iberoamericana, 2016. 179 p.: bibl., ill. (El pasado del presente) In this brief volume, seven scholars use historical, sociological, and ethnographic approaches to the phenomenon

of saint making, both within and outside of the realm of the institutional Catholic Church. An introductory essay explores the fi ne line between popular and institutional constructions of sainthood, while three subsequent essays focus on particular figures that have attracted religious devotion, including Cristero martyrs Miguel Pro and Cristóbal Magallanes Jara and Archbishop Luis María Martínez. The last series of essays analyzes contemporary devotions to Judas Tadeo (in Mexico City), Santa Muerte (particularly in the 1990s with the growth of violence related to the drug trade), and San Andrés Apóstol in San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas.

461

Rojas Soriano, Raúl. Memorias de un brigadista del movimiento estudiantil mexicano de 1968. Ciudad de México: Kanankil Editorial, 2014. 142 p.: bibl., facsims., ill. (Historia y memoria) This recollection is by a UNAM student who witnessed the movement’s beginning, and participated in many of its actions, including the last protest of 1968. An appendix reprints newspaper clippings from the era.

462

Román Alarcón, Rigoberto Arturo. La pesquería de camarón en el puerto de Mazatlán, 1936–1982. Culiacán, Mexico: Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa: Asociación de Historia Económica del Norte de México, 2013. 189 p.: bibl., ill., map. (Historia) The author traces the development of the shrimp fishing industry from the emergence of the fi rst fishing cooperatives, to the year when private entrepreneurs transferred their fishing fleets to those cooperatives. Shrimp fishing developed as Mazatlán’s most important industry, with significant effects on the regional economy. The Mexican government aided the process by which fishing cooperatives fi nally gained full control over the industry.

463

Rosemblatt, Karin Alejandra. The science and politics of race in Mexico and the United States, 1910–1950. Chapel Hill, N.C.: The University of North Carolina Press, 2018. 255 p.: bibl., ill., index. This volume provides a rigorous examination of the work of social scientists on both sides of the border, including Robert

110 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Redfield, Franz Boas, Manuel Gamio, and John Collier. The author analyzes the evolution of racial thinking as a transnational phenomenon, in which Mexican and American scholars and policymakers influenced each other as they grappled with the relationships among race, nation, and modernity. As they thought about their country’s Native peoples and indigeneity, such scholars “refashioned race as a scientific category that enabled cross-border discussions.”

464

Salas Landa, Mónica M. (In)visible ruins: the politics of monumental reconstruction in postrevolutionary Mexico. (HAHR, 98:1, Feb. 2018, p. 43–76, bibl., photos) In this intriguing exploration of the reconstruction of the pyramid of Tajín, the author examines the less visible, local effects of the state’s archeological work. That work proved destructive, not only to the pyramid itself, but also to the local workers, who experienced displacement. The relocated community of San Antonio Ojital continues to struggle against their invisibility in the shadow of the pyramid.

465

Sánchez Azcona, Juan. Mis contemporáneos: notas sintéticas y anecdóticas (1929–1930). Edición crítica, estudio preliminar, notas e índices de Luz América Viveros Anaya. Con el apoyo técnico de Alfredo Landeros Jaime et al. Ensayo sobre las imágenes de México en la cultura de Fernando Ibarra Chávez. Ciudad de México: UNAM, 2017. 313 p.: bibl., ill., indexes. (Resurrectio. I, Edición crítica; 2) Juan Sánchez Azcona was an opposition journalist on the eve of the Mexican Revolution, and private secretary for Francisco I. Madero. During an exile in Havana, and after his repatriation, he composed a series of biographical sketches (most published in newspapers of the revolutionary era) of prominent Mexicans. This volume compiles 44 of those sketches, whose subjects include Porfi rio Díaz, Francisco Bulnes, Emilio Rabasa, Francisco Villa, Francisco Madero, and Alfredo Robles Domínguez.

466

Seminario Los Trabajadores ante la Nacionalización Petrolera, Xalapa, Mexico, 1987. Los trabajadores ante la nacionalización petrolera. Coordinación de Alberto J. Olvera R. Xalapa, Mexico: Univer-

sidad Veracruzana, Dirección General Editorial, 2013. 338 p.: bibl. This volume includes works that previously appeared in a 1988 publication of the University of Veracruz that commemorated the oil expropriation of 1938. Topics include the early organization of oil workers, labor confl icts during the 1930s, and the position of workers before and after the expropriation.

467

Smith, Benjamin T. The Mexican press and civil society, 1940–1976: stories from the newsroom, stories from the street. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2018. 366 p.: bibl., index. The author fi nds in the national and provincial print media of this era a key mechanism by which citizens and the state communicated with one another. He traces the marked rise in press readership, examines the varied ways in which the state attempted to control newspapers, and analyzes both the Mexico City press and regional newspapers in their interactions with the state and its citizens. Never completely controlled by the state, newspapers, particularly those in the provinces, openly criticized those in power. Civil society was thereby strengthened.

468

Sosenski, Susana. El caso Bohigas: reacciones al secuestro infantil en el México de los años cuarenta. (HAHR, 99:1, Feb. 2019, p. 61–89, bibl.) The 1945 kidnapping of a young boy by a childless woman generated a wealth of publicity in the rapidly urbanizing Mexico City. As the case became a public spectacle, ideas about childhood, delinquency, and motherhood were revealed. The author underscores the effect of an emerging mass media on public life.

469

Sosenski, Susana. Vida y milagros de Lorín, el perico detective: violencia, crimen y justicia en la mirada de dos niños mexicanos a principios del siglo XX. (Iberoamericana/Madrid, 15:60, dic. 2015, p. 133– 153, bibl., photos) In this exploration of a comic created by two teenagers and published in a Mexican newspaper in 1919, the author examines the children’s depictions of criminality, policing, and justice. The cartoon reflected the violence that characterized the capital

History: Mexico: Revolution and Post-Revolution / 111 city during the revolutionary era. The young authors also echoed ideas in the cinema and the press of the period.

470

Spenser, Daniela. En combate: la vida de Lombardo Toledano. Ciudad de México: Debate, 2018. 567 p., 16 pages of plates: bibl., ill. This impressive and important study of the iconic labor leader utilizes his private papers, as well as interviews and archival sources in Mexico, the US, and Europe. The author briefly explores Lombardo Toledano’s family background, and provides a detailed account of the evolution of his ideology and his political activism from the 1920s to his death in 1968. This is a rigorous and enlightening analysis of Lombardo Toledano’s evolving ideological views, his international involvement, and his relationship with Mexico’s changing political scene.

471

Valeriano Sánchez, Alma Yolanda. La Penitenciaría de Escobedo: un espacio de poder punitivo en Jalisco durante la Cristiada, 1926–1929. Guadalajara, Mexico: Secretaría de Cultura, Gobierno de Jalisco, 2016. 286 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Humanidades) This study combines a look at the evolution of the penitentiary (Mexico’s fi rst) as a physical structure, and a local history of the Cristero War. Escobedo housed Cristero prisoners, and the author examines some of the criminal proceedings against them.

472

Valles Ruiz, Rosa María. El discurso en Mujer Moderna: primera revista feminista del siglo XX en México, 1915–1919. Pachuca, Mexico: Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo; Ciudad de México: MA Porrúa, 2017. 253 p.: bibl., ill. (Serie La historia) After surveying the advent of feminist magazines in Argentina, Chile, and Mexico in the early 20th century, the author focuses primarily on the writings of Hermila Galindo. Appendices reprint essential documents in feminist history, as well as texts from Mujer Moderna.

473

Villanueva, Nicholas. The lynching of Mexicans in the Texas borderlands. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2017. 219 p.: bibl., ill., index.

This important, well-researched, and highly readable study examines the period from 1910 to 1920, when the lynching of ethnic Mexicans reached a height. The author utilizes case studies of ethnic violence, demonstrating that the Mexican Revolution increased racial tensions, encouraging Anglo Texans to assert their own “citizenship and sovereignty” through murderous acts. He also fi nds the roots of a MexicanAmerican civil rights movement in this era.

474

Vitz, Matthew. A city on a lake: urban political ecology and the growth of Mexico City. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2018. 338 p.: bibl., ill., index. (Radical perspectives) This is an important study of the basin of Mexico from the late 19th century to the middle of the 20th century. The author explores the water drainage and forestry regulation projects of a Porfi rian planning elite, and their implications for the popular classes living in the basin. He examines the effect of the Mexican Revolution in heightening popular demands for “environmental justice,” which came in the form of calls for adequate housing and services, continued access to forest resources, and a demand for productive agricultural land. Despite the emergence of calls for a more just and sustainable city, environmental decline continued, and after 1940, a new group of technocrats and planners focused solely on urban growth.

475

Volver a los 17: testimonios de las estudiantes que participaron en movimientos estudiantiles de la Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. Edición de por Gloria A. Tirado Villegas. Ciudad de México: Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Instituto de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades “Alfonso Vélez Pliego”: Dirección de Fomento Editorial, 2016. 701 p.: bibl., ill. This volume brings together 67 interviews of women who participated in the local student movement from 1961 (when a movement began to reform the university) to 1975 (when a new rector formally inaugurated a program of reform). This is an important primary source for the student movement and for the study of gender relations in Mexico.

112 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76

CENTRAL AMERICA PETER SZOK , Professor of History, Texas Christian University STEPHEN WEBRE , Professor Emeritus of History, Louisiana Tech University

EXPECTATIONS OF increased historiographical production were high as scholarly communities in Central America planned events and publications to observe the bicentennial of independence from Spain (1821–2021). Unfortunately, many such activities were disrupted by the contemporaneous outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic. Originally scheduled for August 2020 in San José, Costa Rica, the XV Congreso Centroamericano de Historia was fi rst postponed, and then later converted to an exclusively online format. Similar accommodation was made to keep intact a separate bicentennial conference planned for Tuxtla, Chiapas, in 2021. When well managed and adequately supported, virtual conferences such as these might serve as acceptable substitutes for genuine human interaction, but there were frequent reports of program participants’ withdrawing due to public health-related access restrictions at libraries and archives. Even given such disappointments, Central America witnessed some significant publishing events, including important contributions in environmental and scientific studies by Arrioja Díaz Viruell (item 477) and Brockmann (item 478). In a category of its own is the supremely ambitious history of coffee by Sedgewick (item 486). In addition to innovative studies such as those referenced above, traditional areas of scholarly interest continued to attract researchers’ attention, as seen in works on buccaneering by Bialuschewski (items 490 and 491); on 19th-century state formation by López Bernal (item 519), Martínez Esquivel (item 521), and Rodríguez Solano (item 530); and on foreign involvement in the defi nition and disposition of the region’s cultural patrimony by Ibarra Rojas (item 516) and Lovell (item 484). In addition, fresh approaches to the Cold War appear in collections edited by García and Taracena Arriola (item 515) and by Molina Jiménez and Díaz Arias (item 535). For the colonial period, Nicaragua receives more attention than usual, as seen in studies of the Indigenous slave trade by Lange and Werner (item 496) and of Afro-descendant emancipation strategies by Lohse (item 497). Even more notable is the frequently overlooked example of colonial Panama. In addition to informative contributions to a thematic volume of Spain’s respected journal Anuario de Estudios Americanos (item 488), recent works on early Panama include studies by Andújar Castillo (item 487) and García-Montón (item 494). Researchers interested in Panama will welcome the appearance of a new edition of the monumental study of conquest and evangelization by Castillero Calvo (item 493). The traditionally rich historiography of Costa Rica is well represented by important studies of colonial elites by Madrigal Muñoz (items 498 and 499), while new studies on colonial Guatemala by Bonnefoy (item 492), Singer González (item 506), and Watanabe (item 507) focus on subaltern identity, status, and strategies of mobility. Violence and revolutionary movements figure as prominent themes in works on contemporary history, including recent contributions by Chomsky (item 480) and Arévalo de León (item 476). Revolutionary experiences receive significant attention, as seen in studies on Nicaragua, where scholarship continues to emphasize the career of Augusto C. Sandino and the namesake movement he inspired. Recent examples include works by Andrés García (item 508), Bonilla López

History: Central America: General / 113

(item 510), Ferrero Blanco (item 514), and Jeifets and Jeifets (item 517). In addition, several new works address issues rooted in El Salvador’s armed internal confl ict of 1970–92, including studies by Cortina Orero (item 512), Juárez Rodríguez (item 518), Pirker (item 527), Salazar (item 531), and Sánchez Chicas (item 533). Assorted essays on the period are collected in the volume edited by Menjívar Ochoa and Sprenkels (item 529). Finally, issues associated with the mobilization of distinct subaltern groups receive scholarly attention, as reflected in contributions by Ferrero Blanco (item 514) on women, Macleod (item 520) on Indigenous communities, and Vrana (item 509) on students.

GENERAL

476

Arévalo de León, Bernardo. Estado violento y ejército político: formación estatal y función militar en Guatemala (1524–1963). Guatemala: F&G Editores, 2018. 270 p.: bibl., index. This book presents a sophisticated and extensively documented study of a crucial topic in Guatemalan history—state violence and military participation. The son of former president Juan José Arévalo Bermejo (1945–51), the author prepared this work as a doctoral thesis at Universiteit Utrecht, Netherlands.

477

Arrioja Díaz Viruell, Luis Alberto. Bajo el crepúsculo de los insectos: clima, plagas y trastornos sociales en el reino de Guatemala (1768–1805). Zamora, Mexico: El Colegio de Michoacán, 2019. 323 p.: bibl., ill., index, maps. (Colección Investigaciones) This creative study examines humanenvironmental interaction in Central America and southern Mexico—with a focus on locusts—during a time of climatic uncertainty.

478

Brockmann, Sophie. The science of useful nature in Central America: landscapes, networks and practical enlightenment, 1784–1838. New York, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press, 2020. 282 p.: bibl., ill., index, maps. Brockmann discusses the historical acquisition and application of scientific knowledge in a region seldom thought of in such terms.

479

Cardoze, Dennis and Irina del Carmen Caballero. La medicina en Panamá de época prehispánica a 1914. Panamá: EUPAN, Editorial Unversitario

Carlos Manuel Gasteazoro, 2017. 264 p.: bibl., ill., maps. This work presents a chronology of Panamanian medicine with a focus on the prehispanic, colonial, and Colombian (19thcentury) periods. The authors contest the widely held conception that medical structures in the country are purely a product of the US protectorate.

480

Chomsky, Aviva. Central America’s forgotten history: revolution, violence, and the roots of migration. Boston, Mass.: Beacon Press, 2021. 306 p.: bibl., index. Chomsky makes the argument that Central America’s economic, political, and social problems stem from a long history of US intervention.

481

Documentos para la historia de la Orden Franciscana en América Central 1523–1937. Tomo I, 1523–1753. Tomo II, 1754–1937. Edición de Fr. Romeo Tovar Astorga. Santa Ana, El Salvador: UNICAES Editores, 2015. 2 v.: bibl., ill. This rich collection of primary materials draws from both printed and archival sources and is organized chronologically. Useful addition to any research collection on Franciscan or missionary studies.

482

Historia de Guatemala: un resumen crítico. Coordinación de Edelberto Torres-Rivas. Ciudad de Guatemala: FLACSO, 2017. 210 p.: bibl. This volume provides a general account of Guatemalan history from the prehispanic period to the 1996 peace accords. Organized chronologically with detailed chapters by recognized specialists.

483

Imaginarios de la nación y la ciudadanía en Centroamérica. Coordinación de Ethel García Buchard. Ciudad Universi-

114 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 taria Rodrigo Facio, Costa Rica: Editorial UCR, 2017. 285 p.: bibl., ill., map. (Colección Identidad cultural) Anthology of essays examining nation and citizenship from the early 19th century through the Cold War. Contributors focus on literary and artistic constructions, public institutions, monuments, and political debates.

484

Lovell, W. George. Patrimony lost: Hispanic-American treasures in foreign collections. (Americas/Washington, 75:1, Jan. 2018, p. 155–180, ill., photos) Learned introduction to the paths by which important items of Latin America’s documentary patrimony have come to be dispersed far from their location of origin. The author emphasizes Guatemalan materials and transactions involving Archer M. Huntington, the Hispanic Society of America, and the German house of Hiersemann.

485

Molina Castillo, Mario José. Chiriquí en las páginas de su historia (1720–1920): sociedad y redes hegemónicas en crisis. Panama: Impresos Modernos, 2016. 521 p.: bibl., ill., maps. Encyclopedic recounting of Panamanian regional history through the lens of the Gallegos family and its control of coastal transportation and the cattle industry. Suggests a hegemonic web of conjugal ties, capable of traversing numerous historical periods.

486

Sedgewick, Augustine. Coffeeland: one man’s dark empire and the making of our favorite drug. New York, N.Y.: Penguin Press, 2020. 433 p.: bibl., index. This study provides an extremely comprehensive history of coffee on global scale, with the narrative focusing on production in El Salvador and consumption in the US. The author highlights the activities of the Hill family in particular. Heavily documented. COLONIAL

487

Andújar Castillo, Francisco. Interpretar la corrupción: el marqués de Villarrocha, Capitán General de Panamá (1698–1717). (Rev. Complut. Hist. Am., 43, 2017, p. 75–100, bibl.)

This study demonstrates the limitations of official records cited as sources for the study of colonial corruption cases. The experience of magistrate Villarrocha— three times prosecuted and three times acquitted—shows the value of having access to materials unrelated to the investigation in question.

488

Anuario de Estudios Americanos. Vol. 77, No. 2, 2020, Enfoques interdisciplinares en la primera globalización: de La Habana a Panamá. Edición de Bethany Aram y Juan Guillermo Martín. Sevilla, Spain: Escuela de Estudios HispanoAmericanos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC). This thematic issue of a major Spanish journal focuses on early globalization with a strong emphasis on Panama and material culture. The entire issue is freely available on the publisher’s website: https:// doi.org/10.3989/aeamer.2020.v77.i2. For a review of one of the articles in this special issue, see item 489.

489

Aram, Bethany; Juan Guillermo Martín; and Iosvany Hernández Mora. Aproximaciones a la población de Panamá Viejo a partir de la arqueología funeraria y la documentación histórica, 1519–1671. (Anu. Estud. Am., 77:2, 2020, p. 485–512, bibl., graphs, ill., maps) This study explores alternative methods of estimating the population of colonial Panama with attention to the value of an interdisciplinary approach to adjust for the limitations of any single set of methods or collection of source materials. For a review of the entire special issue of the journal, see item 488.

490

Bialuschewski, Arne. Juan Gallardo: a native American buccaneer. (HAHR, 100:2, May 2020, p. 233–256, bibl., map) This study offers more than the title promises. The author presents what little is known for certain about this Nicaraguaborn pirate known to the Spanish as “Gallardillo,” bundled within an extensive and well-researched treatment of Indigenous Central Americans’ association with hostile foreigners. Juan Gallardo and other Indigenous people appear in records as members of pirate crews, hostages, and enslaved, but also as defending forces.

History: Central America: Colonial / 115

491

Bialuschewski, Arne. Slaves of the buccaneers: Mayas in captivity in the second half of the seventeenth century. (Ethnohistory, 64:1, Jan. 2017, p. 41–63) In addition to more familiar forms of colonial oppression, Indigenous inhabitants of Mexico and Central America—especially along the coastline—could fi nd themselves seized, enslaved, and even sold in the form of pirate booty. For ethnohistorian’s comment, see HLAS 74:196.

492

Bonnefoy, Baptiste. Notabilidad urbana, poder y evergetismo en la Guatemala colonial: el caso del capitán mulato Juan de Fuentes. (Front. Hist., 26:1, enero/junio 2021, p. 200–228, bibl., maps, tables) This study highlights the example of master guilder Juan de Fuentes (1662–1722) as a way to promote understanding of institutional avenues exploited by “elites of color” to gain acceptance of notable status in colonial society.

This publication is the Englishlanguage version of Epoca de las independencias en Centroamérica y Chiapas: procesos políticos y sociales (see HLAS 72:935) —a compilation of essays by leading scholars about independence and sovereignty in the Kingdom of Guatemala.

496

Lange, Frederick W. and Patrick S. Werner. A new view of slave exportation from Nicaragua in the 16th century. (Cuad. Antropol./San José, 30:1, enero/junio 2020, p. 1–23, bibl., tables) This study offers a convincing intervention into the long-running debate about the exportation of enslaved peoples from Nicaragua. The authors rely on published records of sailings to argue that ships active in Pacific coast trade did not possess the capacity to transport humans in the exaggerated quantities proposed by some scholars.

497

Castillero Calvo, Alfredo. Conquista, evangelización y resistencia. Segunda edición corregida y aumentada. Panamá: Editora Novo Art, S.A., 2017. 478 p.: bibl., ill., maps. After more than 20 years, this book updates and corrects the fi rst edition of a major work on the relations between Indigenous peoples and Spaniards in colonial Panama. For a review of the fi rst edition, see HLAS 58:1630.

Lohse, Russell. Deathbed and other whispered promises: masters, slaves, and contested manumission in colonial Nicaragua. (Colon. Lat. Am. Rev., 27:4, 2018, p. 452–468, bibl.) Owing to the scarce survival of archival materials, colonial Nicaragua has received little scholarly attention. This study of domestic slavery and emancipation helps to fi ll this gap by relying upon frequently neglected records on Nicaragua held at Guatemala City’s Archivo General de Centroamérica.

494

García-Montón, Alejandro. The rise of Portobelo and the transformation of the Spanish American slave trade, 1640s-1730s: transimperial connections and intra-American shipping. (HAHR, 99:3, Aug. 2019, p. 399–429, bibl., table) Traditional understandings of the Panamanian port city of Portobelo in decline as silver shipments shrank in importance beginning in the mid-17th century may now need rethinking as the port city’s role as a slave trade emporium is made evident in this study.

498

495

499

493

Independence in Central America and Chiapas, 1770–1823. Edited by Aaron Pollack. Translated by Nancy T. Hancock. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2019. 256 p.: bibl., index.

Madrigal Muñoz, Eduardo. Cartago república urbana: elites y poderes en la Costa Rica colonial (1564–1718). Toulouse, France: Presses universitaires du Midi, 2020. 485 p.: bibl., ill., maps. (Méridiennes) Dominant families of the peripheral province of Cartago are examined in substantial detail through the sophisticated use of prosopography and network analysis methods. This work represents a major contribution to the social history of Central America in the colonial period in general and in the 17th century in particular. Madrigal Muñoz, Eduardo. La Villa Vieja de Heredia, sus elites políticas y el reformismo borbónico en la Costa Rica del siglo XVIII, 1706–1812. (Caravelle/ Toulouse, 114, 2020, p. 127–140, bibl.)

116 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 This study challenges the existing historiographic consensus seeking the origins of modern Costa Rica in the establishment of central valley towns. The author asserts the novelty of the approach in application of more sophisticated analytical techniques and suggests that more extensive archival research is needed on this important topic.

500

Martínez Martínez, María del Carmen. Bernal Díaz del Castillo: memoria, invención y olvido. (Rev. Indias, 78:273, 2018, p. 399–428, bibl.) This heavily documented article challenges Christian Duverger’s controversial thesis (see HLAS 74:211) that Bernal Díaz was not the real author of the Historia verdadera de la conquista de la Nueva España. Adds much biographical detail, especially concerning Bernal’s years in Guatemala.

501

Mendiola, Daniel. The founding and fracturing of the Mosquito confederation: Zambos, Tawiras and new archival evidence, 1711–1791. (HAHR, 99:4, Nov. 2019, p. 617–647, bibl., map) This study provides a lucid political history of the Mosquito kingdom in the 18th century, with an emphasis on the unity of leadership and the relative lack of ethnic confl ict between the Tawira (Indigenous ethnicity) and Zambo (African ancestry). Relies heavily on previously unexplored materials in the Archivo Nacional de Costa Rica (ANCR). For a related study, see HLAS 74:736.

502

Mireles Gavito, Sofía. Los evangelizadores de Chiapas y el Soconusco y otros escritos. Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Mexico: Consejo Estatal para las Culturas y las Artes de Chiapas, 2016. 83 p.: bibl., ill., maps. (Biblioteca chiapas; 76. Cronicas y relatos) This volume brings together a series of useful brief essays by an accomplished local historian focusing chiefly on Soconusco and Tonalá. The sole exception to the colonial emphasis is a brief item on the little-known experiment in rubber production during the Porfi rian era.

503

Reichert, Rafal B. El Caribe centroamericano en la estrategia defensivomilitar de la Casa de los Austrias, siglos

XVI y XVII. (Caribb. Stud., 44:1/2, Jan./Dec. 2016, p. 47–67, bibl., table) Despite the strategic vulnerability of Central America during the colonial period, the Habsburg monarchy assigned little priority to the defense of the region, leaving local administrators to improvise from the resources available at the time. This state of affairs changed significantly when the Bourbons assumed the throne.

504

Salazar, Ramón A. Historia del desenvolvimiento intelectual de Guatemala: época colonial. Ciudad Universitaria: Editorial Universitaria, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, 2016. 331 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Identidad nacional) Welcome return to print of classic study fi rst published in 1897. Regrettably, this edition retains the 1951 prologue rather than commissioning a more up-to-date scholarly introduction. For comment on the 1951 edition, see HLAS 18:1778.

505

Sánchez Mora, Alexánder. Las luces del cielo de la Iglesia (1747) de Antonio de Paz y Salgado: la retórica del poder en la proclamación del arzobispado de Guatemala. (Front. Hist., 23:1, enero/junio 2018, p. 13–38, bibl.) For consumers of Baroque political messaging, accounts of official celebrations were a familiar and apparently popular literary genre. In this study, the author analyzes the form of communication and situates this specific example in its distinct historical context.

506

Singer González, Deborah. Territorialización de la fe: ceremoniales públicos en Santiago de Guatemala entre los siglos XVI y XVIII. (Mesoamérica/Antigua, 37:58, 2016, p. 1–21, bibl.) Although public ceremonies served to reinforce the hierarchical order of colonial society, the inclusion of musicians and dancers from neighboring Indigenous towns created space for Native identification within a larger community.

507

Watanabe, John M. Racing to the top: descent ideologies and why Ladinos never meant to be mestizos in colonial Guatemala. (Lat. Am. Caribb. Ethn. Stud., 11:3, Nov. 2016, p. 305–322, bibl.)

History: Central America: National / 117 This study presents a useful and innovative approach to a much-debated problem in Guatemalan social history. NATIONAL

508

Andrés García, Manuel. Sandino en La Habana: la VI Conferencia Internacional Americana a ojos de la prensa e intelectualidad españolas. (Rev. Complut. Hist. Am., 43, 2017, p. 285–306, bibl.) This study analyzes the press coverage of the 6th International American Conference (held in Havana in 1928) in the midst of the US occupation of Nicaragua. Spanish intelligentsia adopted a critical attitude toward the US as a means to reinvigorate their faded influence in region.

509

Anti-colonial texts from Central American student movements 1929– 1983. Edited by Heather Vrana. Edinburgh, Scotland: Edinburgh University Press, 2017. 296 p.: bibl., index. (Key texts in anti-colonial thought) This anthology brings together English translations of speeches, manifestos, and other documents illustrating the role of students in shaping debates regarding nation, empire, and anticolonialism throughout 20th-century Central America. Includes more than five dozen texts from Guatemala, Nicaragua, Honduras, El Salvador, and Costa Rica.

510

Bonilla López, Douglas José. Sandino, luz del FSLN. Managua: Douglas José Bonilla López, 2016. 478 p.: bibl., ill. Sympathetic and testimonial-style history of FSLN, from its foundation in 1961 to its triumph in 1979. The author is a retired lieutenant colonel and participated in the fi nal insurrection against the Somoza dictatorship.

511

Cid Felipe, José Alberto del. El relato de los héroes (1940–1960). Panamá: Editorial Universitaria, Universidad de Panama, 2016. 159 p.: bibl., ill., photos. This work provides a patriotic narrative of the Panamanian student movement, highlighting its role in the fight for national sovereignty. The study culminates in the 1959 march into the Canal Zone. Includes dozens of photographs of student activists.

512

Cortina Orero, Eudald. La guerra por otros medios: comunicación insurgente y proceso revolucionario en El Salvador (1970–1992). San Salvador: UCA Editores, 2017. 563 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Estructuras y procesos; 43) This work provides an extensive study of communication strategies throughout the revolutionary period, revealing tensions among revolutionary factions. The author describes the important role of the FMLN in encouraging large-scale mobilization and in projecting the party on an international level.

513

Fernández, Andrés. Pasado construido: crónicas sobre arquitectura histórica josefi na. San José: Editorial Costa Rica, 2016. 187 p.: bibl., ill., maps, portrait. (Crónica) This collection of newspaper articles chronicles the historical trajectory of San José’s architecture, plazas, and neighborhoods.

514

Ferrero Blanco, María Dolores. De un lado y del otro: mujeres contras y sandinistas en la Revolución Nicaragüense (1979–1990). Granada, Spain: Editorial Comares, 2018. 375 p.: bibl., ill. (Análisis y crítica social; 9) This work presents revisionist testimonials from women linked to Sandinista and counterrevolutionary movements in Nicaragua, underlining regional and ruralurban breaches and varied motives for supporting and opposing the revolution. The author is critical of Sandinista leadership and the persistence of patriarchal norms and practices. Frank, Dana. The long Honduran night: resistance, terror, and the United States in the aftermath of the coup. See HLAS 75:970.

515

La guerra fría y el anticomunismo en Centroamérica. Edición de Roberto García y Arturo Taracena Arriola. Guatemala: FLACSO Guatemala, 2017. 332 p.: bibl. This volume presents revisionist ideas about of the Cold War, moving far beyond US interventionism to emphasize transnational, regional factors and the importance of once-ignored domestic actors. Fourteen chapters suggest new periodiza-

118 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 tions and limitations of the nation-state as an analytical framework.

516

Ibarra Rojas, Eugenia. Doris Stone y el Museo Nacional de Costa Rica: historia social y cultural del siglo XX. San José: JC Producciones, 2016. 159 p.: bibl., ill. This slim volume offers a history of Doris Stone, the daughter of banana magnate Samuel Zemurray, and her role in organizing the Museo Nacional de Costa Rica with the collaboration of national and foreign interests, including the United Fruit Company. Provides insights into mid-20th century intellectual life, anthropology, and indigenismo.

517

Jeifets, Víctor and Lazar Jeifets. La Comintern, el PCM y el “caso Sandino”: historia de una alianza fracasada, 1927–1930. (Anu. Colomb. Hist. Soc. Cult., 44:2, julio/dic. 2017, p. 63–86, bibl.) This study examines the failed relationship between Communist International, its representatives in Mexico, and Nicaraguan nationalist Augusto C. Sandino. Based on documents in archives in Moscow and Mexico, the authors suggest that communists’ bungling and insistence on control assured the rupture with Sandino.

518

Juárez Rodríguez, Ángel Adalberto. La fe cristiana como fuerza de liberación histórica en El Salvador. (Rev. Hist. Am./México, 153, 2017, p. 49–70, bibl.) This study reviews the gradual emergence in the 20th century of the Roman Catholic Church as an agent of the social struggle.

519

López Bernal, Carlos Gregorio. Municipalidades, gobernaciones y presidencia en la construcción del estado en El Salvador, 1840–1890. San Salvador: Editorial Universitaria, Universidad de El Salvador; Ciudad de México: Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Ixtapalapa, 2018. 370 p., 16 pages of plates: bibl., ill. (some color). (Colección Investigación; 1. Serie Métodos de investigación; 1) In this history of the development of municipal government in El Salvador in the 19th century, local agencies and institutions are seen as collaborators in the construction of the state.

520

Macleod, Morna. Ri ajxokon, ri amaq’i’ chi iximulew: organizaciones revolucionarias, indianistas y pueblos indígenas en el confl icto armado: análisis y debates. Chi Iximulew, Guatemala: Maya’ Wuj, 2017. 157 p.: bibl. This inquiry, based on the author’s PhD dissertation, delves into debates surrounding the incorporation of the Indigenous population into Guatemala’s revolutionary struggle between 1970 and 1985. Includes an analysis of major organizations (FAR, OPRA, EGP, CUC, and URNG) as well as an examination of the autonomous Movimiento Indígena Tojil.

521

Martínez Esquivel, Ricardo. Masones y masonería en la Costa Rica de los albores de la modernidad (1865–1899). Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio, Costa Rica: Editorial UCR, 2017. 345 p.: bibl., ill., indexes. This study provides a deep dive into Costa Rican freemasonry, associating the movement with social sectors most eager to promote Costa Rica’s insertion into the global economy and the consolidation of a secular nation-state.

522

Monterrosa Cubías, Luis Gerardo. Una propuesta para “prender la flama revolucionaria en Centroamérica”: exiliados centroamericanos en México, 1936. (Rev. Hist. Am./México, 159, julio/dic. 2020, p. 109–136, bibl., map) A proposal directed to Mexican president Lázaro Cárdenas by two Central American exiles to overthrow the Honduran government is seen in the context of regional politics and Mexican foreign policy aims under Cárdenas. Negroponte, Diana Villiers. En busca de la paz en El Salvador: la lucha por reconstruir una nación al fi nal de la Guerra Fría. See HLAS 75:948.

523

Oviedo Salazar, Mauricio and Leonardo Santamaría Montero. Monumentos europeos para héroes centroamericanos: primeros años de los hermanos Durini en los mercados artísticos de El Salvador y Honduras (1880–1883). (Rev. Hist. Am./ México, 158, enero/junio 2020, p. 145–184, bibl., facsims., photos)

History: Central America: National / 119 Thoroughly researched and richly illustrated account of the artistic and commercial activities of Swiss-Italian brothers Lorenzo and Francisco Durini, whose monumental commissions in Central America contributed to the formation of an official iconography of emerging nationstates.

524

Pérez Navarro, Ricardo A. Construcción de una comunidad: judíos azkenazi en Costa Rica (1939–1948). (Rev. Hist. Am./México, 153, 2017, p. 127–471, bibl., map, tables) This study reviews European Jewish settlement in Costa Rica from the outbreak of WWII to the establishment of the state of Israel. Detailed and well documented.

525

Pérez Pineda, Carlos. Una guerra breve y amarga: el confl icto El Salvador-Honduras de 1969. San Salvador: Dirección Nacional de Investigaciones en Cultura y Arte de la Secretaría de Cultura de la Presidencia: Universidad Evangélica de El Salvador (UEES), 2016. 550 p.: bibl., ill., maps. (Colección Cultura y violencia; 4) This work provides a detailed assessment of the 1969 “Soccer War” between El Salvador and Honduras, focusing on the processes of national mobilization and the effects of the campaigns in each country. War marked an end to the political and economic openings in El Salvador, while initiating modest, military-guided reforms in Honduras.

526

Pérez Sáinz, Juan Pablo. La redefi nición de las relaciones de poder con los sectores subalternos en Centroamérica hacia fi nes del siglo XX. (Mesoamérica/Antigua, 37:58, 2016, p. 67–99, bibl., graphs, tables) This article presents a pessimistic vision of subaltern realities in Central America at the conclusion of the 20th century. The author highlights the impoverishment of wage laborers and small producers, along with the neoliberal neglect of social issues. Emigration alone offers empowerment, although emigrés face exploitative mechanisms that profit from remittances.

527

Pirker, Kristina. La redefi nición de lo posible: militancia política y movilización social en El Salvador (1970 a 2012).

San Juan Mixcoac, Mexico: Instituto de Investigaciones Dr. José María Luis Mora: Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, 2017. 423 p.: bibl., index. (Contemporánea sociología) This weighty investigation describes the FMLN’s transformation from a multisectorial and broad-based revolutionary movement into a partisan political organization. The study suggests that despite electoral victories, the party must respect its revolutionary origins if it hopes to construct a counterhegemonic project.

528

Pittier, Henri. Expediciones y estudios geográficos de la República de Costa Rica, realizados por Henri Pittier (1888–1905). Compilación de Elías Zeledón Cartín. San José: EUNED, Editorial Universidad Estatal a Distancia, 2016. 653 p.: bibl. (Colección Por los caminos de Costa Rica; 5) This volume presents a comprehensive collection of the writings of Swiss botanist and geographer Henri Pittier, who lived in Costa Rica from 1887 to 1904 and traveled throughout the country. The essays provide insights on many topics, including the lives of Indigenous and rural populations.

529

La revolución revisitada: nuevas perspectivas sobre la insurrección y la guerra en El Salvador. Edición de Mauricio Menjívar Ochoa y Ralph Sprenkels. San Salvador: UCA Editores, 2017. 354 p.: bibl. (Colección estructuras y procesos. Serie mayor; 45) This collection of 11 essays treats eclectic topics such as the history of the Partido Comunista de El Salvador (PCS), the discursive tactics of Roberto d’Aubuisson, oligarchical factions and disputes, and literary representations of revolutionary groups. The editors offer what they describe as a fresh perspective on the civil war.

530

Rodríguez Solano, Pablo Augusto. La cuestión fiscal y la formación del estado de Costa Rica, 1821–1859. Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio, Costa Rica: Editorial UCR, 2017. 215 p.: bibl., indexes, maps. This study investigates Costa Rican exceptionalism as seen through the lens of state formation and the early emergence of fiscal policies that assured political central-

120 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 ization, while channeling opportunities to the rising coffee oligarchy.

531

Salazar, Armando. Los secretos de El Paráiso: asalto a La Cuarta Brigada Chalatenango. San Salvador: UCA Editores, 2016. 414 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Testigos de la historia; 14) Leaders and participants offer testimonials of the FPL (Fuerzas Populares de Liberación “Farabundo Martí”) assault on the El Paraíso barracks in December 1983. The author is a former FPL member and contributor to Radio Farabundo Martí.

Examination of Costa Rican-Spanish diplomatic relations and Otilio Ulate Blanco’s role in helping to normalize Spain’s position in the newly created UN. Underlines the dynamics of the Cold War and Franco’s ability to present himself as anticommunist.

535

Sánchez Andrés, Agustín. La normalización de las relaciones entre España y Centroamérica durante la gestión de Julio de Arellano y Arróspide, 1889–1895. (Rev. Complut. Hist. Am., 42, 2016, p. 243–266, bibl.) Study of Spain’s turn to reconciliation in Central America to quell support for Cuban independence. The shift involved the rise of more specialized diplomats and the relegation of once-influential private interests.

El verdadero anticomunismo: política, género y Guerra Fría en Costa Rica (1948–1973). Edición de Iván Molina Jiménez y David Díaz Arias. San José: EUNED, Editorial Universidad Estatal a Distancia, 2017. 356 p.: bibl., indexes. This compilation offers a revisionist examination of the Cold War in Costa Rica. The contributions reframe events such as the extension of voting rights to women within the framework of international confl ict, while also exploring the domestic impact of international flashpoints such as Salvador Allende’s death in Chile. “True anti-communism” involved the Partido Liberación Nacional (PLN) commitment to social democracy and determination to ignore the pioneering reforms of Rafael Calderón Guardia and communists in the 1940s.

533

536

532

Sánchez Chicas, Mercedes. Ventana a la memoria: voces campesinas sobre el confl icto armado. San Salvador: Museo de la Palabra y la Imagen, 2017. 428 p.: ill. This volume gathers 23 testimonials of the civil war in rural El Salvador, recounting experiences of violence and severe repression, fl ight, and difficulties of return. Taken together, the contributions provide an on-the-ground look at Latin America during the Cold War.

534

Sola Ayape, Carlos. Las relaciones entre Costa Rica y España: de la tensión en la ONU a la normalización del vínculo diplomático (1946–1953). (Rev. Complut. Hist. Am., 43, 2017, p. 307–331, bibl.)

Zaldívar Guzmán, Raúl. Liberalismo en Honduras: una historia condensada de la fi losofía y los gobiernos liberales. Tegucigalpa: Editorial Universidad para Líderes, 2015. 180 p.: bibl. This is the revised edition of a manuscript originally published in 1964 (see HLAS 28:760a). New chapters examine liberalism through the Roberto Micheletti Baín interim presidency (2009–2010) and provide information on the author’s engagement with the Partido Liberal. Zurita Tablada, Luis. El ABC de la social democracia: una perspectiva guatemalteca y mundial. See item 2251.

THE CARIBBEAN AND FRENCH GUIANA MATT D. CHILDS , Associate Professor of History, University of South Carolina LUIS A. GONZÁLEZ , Librarian for Latin American, Spanish and Portuguese, Latino, and European Studies, Indiana University, Bloomington DANIEL LIVESAY, Associate Professor of History, Claremont McKenna College ELIZABETH S. MANLEY, Associate Professor of History, Xavier University of Louisiana

120 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 ization, while channeling opportunities to the rising coffee oligarchy.

531

Salazar, Armando. Los secretos de El Paráiso: asalto a La Cuarta Brigada Chalatenango. San Salvador: UCA Editores, 2016. 414 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Testigos de la historia; 14) Leaders and participants offer testimonials of the FPL (Fuerzas Populares de Liberación “Farabundo Martí”) assault on the El Paraíso barracks in December 1983. The author is a former FPL member and contributor to Radio Farabundo Martí.

Examination of Costa Rican-Spanish diplomatic relations and Otilio Ulate Blanco’s role in helping to normalize Spain’s position in the newly created UN. Underlines the dynamics of the Cold War and Franco’s ability to present himself as anticommunist.

535

Sánchez Andrés, Agustín. La normalización de las relaciones entre España y Centroamérica durante la gestión de Julio de Arellano y Arróspide, 1889–1895. (Rev. Complut. Hist. Am., 42, 2016, p. 243–266, bibl.) Study of Spain’s turn to reconciliation in Central America to quell support for Cuban independence. The shift involved the rise of more specialized diplomats and the relegation of once-influential private interests.

El verdadero anticomunismo: política, género y Guerra Fría en Costa Rica (1948–1973). Edición de Iván Molina Jiménez y David Díaz Arias. San José: EUNED, Editorial Universidad Estatal a Distancia, 2017. 356 p.: bibl., indexes. This compilation offers a revisionist examination of the Cold War in Costa Rica. The contributions reframe events such as the extension of voting rights to women within the framework of international confl ict, while also exploring the domestic impact of international flashpoints such as Salvador Allende’s death in Chile. “True anti-communism” involved the Partido Liberación Nacional (PLN) commitment to social democracy and determination to ignore the pioneering reforms of Rafael Calderón Guardia and communists in the 1940s.

533

536

532

Sánchez Chicas, Mercedes. Ventana a la memoria: voces campesinas sobre el confl icto armado. San Salvador: Museo de la Palabra y la Imagen, 2017. 428 p.: ill. This volume gathers 23 testimonials of the civil war in rural El Salvador, recounting experiences of violence and severe repression, fl ight, and difficulties of return. Taken together, the contributions provide an on-the-ground look at Latin America during the Cold War.

534

Sola Ayape, Carlos. Las relaciones entre Costa Rica y España: de la tensión en la ONU a la normalización del vínculo diplomático (1946–1953). (Rev. Complut. Hist. Am., 43, 2017, p. 307–331, bibl.)

Zaldívar Guzmán, Raúl. Liberalismo en Honduras: una historia condensada de la fi losofía y los gobiernos liberales. Tegucigalpa: Editorial Universidad para Líderes, 2015. 180 p.: bibl. This is the revised edition of a manuscript originally published in 1964 (see HLAS 28:760a). New chapters examine liberalism through the Roberto Micheletti Baín interim presidency (2009–2010) and provide information on the author’s engagement with the Partido Liberal. Zurita Tablada, Luis. El ABC de la social democracia: una perspectiva guatemalteca y mundial. See item 2251.

THE CARIBBEAN AND FRENCH GUIANA MATT D. CHILDS , Associate Professor of History, University of South Carolina LUIS A. GONZÁLEZ , Librarian for Latin American, Spanish and Portuguese, Latino, and European Studies, Indiana University, Bloomington DANIEL LIVESAY, Associate Professor of History, Claremont McKenna College ELIZABETH S. MANLEY, Associate Professor of History, Xavier University of Louisiana

History: The Caribbean and French Guiana / 121 ANNE PÉROTIN-DUMON, Research Fellow, Institut d’Histoire du Temps Présent JUAN JOSÉ PONCE VÁZQUEZ , Assistant Professor of History, The University of Alabama BRITISH CARIBBEAN

THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING CARIBBEAN IS, and was, part of a much greater regional economy and culture. Because of the diverse international influences in the Caribbean, and the proximity of islands and territories to one another within it, no place rests in isolation. This characteristic has been instrumental in scholarly assessments of the region. Latin American historians have long studied the Caribbean as a bustling series of hubs, connected to a dynamic global network. Early American historians specializing in the British Empire initially turned their attention to the Caribbean as a way of incorporating a larger, regional perspective to their colonial studies. In recent years, however, there has been a more focused look at the British Caribbean as its own locus of activity. Although scholars of the area have not abandoned those larger geographic frameworks, much more work has been produced that digs into the particular details of these colonial, and postcolonial, locations. This volume explores the historical scholarship on the British Caribbean, produced from 2018 to 2019, which has probed more deeply into the specific characteristics and experiences of the region. Much of the scholarly literature on the British Caribbean for this twoyear period has focused on plantation slavery. As the core economic institution in the West Indies, slavery dictated the daily oppression of the vast majority of Caribbean people, as well as their futures after emancipation. Recent work has uncovered more detail about the individual tasks assigned to enslaved people. Nicholas Radburn and Justin Roberts (item 651) draw attention to the private economy of slavery, particularly of jobbers who dug sugarcane holes. Jobbing was such an arduous task that planters preferred to contract out the work, rather than to rely upon their own enslaved laborers who would undergo serious physical strain if they did it themselves. The development of these “efficiencies” was part of an overall evolution of the plantation system over the course of the 18th century. Rather than shun technological advancement, planters imported industrial, as well as agronomic, processes to maximize output and profit, and to keep their fields devoid of pests (see items 678 and 567). J.R. Ward (item 662) argues that business and humanitarian adaptations did produce an improvement in the health of enslaved people, even if it did little to alleviate their suffering. These studies provide more precise understandings of plantation economics and with that, a deeper understanding of their effects on the enslaved people imprisoned within them. Scholars have also maintained their interest in the mechanisms of control on colonial plantations. The methods by which free whites kept those of African descent in bondage has long been a subject of debate. In recent years, more attention has shifted toward the political and social power of whites in the British Caribbean. Edward Rugemer’s study (item 582) of English slave law traces the adaptation of colonial statutes to the persistent resistance of enslaved people, in order to hem them in through legal means. Yet the law was not sufficient by itself to maintain such domination. As Helen McKee writes about Jamaica (item 646), island Maroons were critical to the suppression of rebellion, and greatly assisted white hegemony. Small cracks in white supremacy did begin to emerge by the 19th century, as demonstrated in a recent biography of Jamaican planter Simon Taylor (item 700) that recounts his struggles to prop up a failing slave state.

122 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76

Warfare was another variable that could undermine British ruling power in the Caribbean. Territories changed hands many times in the 17th and 18th centuries, yet those conquests rarely benefited those in bondage. Casey Schmitt’s analysis (item 618) of Spanish Jamaica reveals that the informal trading networks between English- and Spanish-speaking peoples in the Caribbean were strong enough to limit the fallout after England took the island in 1655, setting the stage for a massive investment in enslaved people. These informal links did not wither. A century later, England’s brief capture of Havana would continue to expand those informal networks and energize Cuba’s development of slave plantations (item 658). Combatants in these wars often included enslaved and free Black people. Gary Sellick (item 659) documents the history of the Carolina Corps, whose service in the Caribbean established a foothold of recognition from the British state for Black military service. At the same time, warfare could provide some spaces for enslaved resistance. Julius Scott’s highly influential dissertation (item 588) about enslaved networks of rebellion was fi nally published in 2018. In it, Scott traces the ways that individuals in bondage could transmit and develop rebellious ideologies and plans, especially during the period of the Haitian Revolution. Indeed, the Haitian Revolution set the stage for numerous other uprisings, including Grenada’s Fedon Rebellion of 1795. Kit Candlin argues (item 627) that enslaved actors influenced the rebellion much more than previous studies concede. In fact, it was part of a larger regional uprising, traced in lucid detail by Scott’s book. Yet there is still much to learn about these insurrections. Problems of documentation are particularly challenging for those studying enslaved revolution. In the case of Jamaica (item 645), Devin Leigh underscores the problematic nature of our understanding of Tacky’s Revolt due to scholars’ dependence upon the biased 18th-century account of Edward Long. Planned insurrections were by no means the only ways through which enslaved people could resist their oppression. In the last decade, there have been more probing investigations into the spectrum of options available to the enslaved. Scholars are more reticent than ever to divide that agency evenly into the dual categories of “resistance” and “accommodation.” But the everyday activities of enslaved people reveal that there were spaces of independence that are less easily cataloged. Shauna Sweeney’s account (item 660) of runaways operating openly in markets demonstrates the permeability of social life, even in a place as repressive as Jamaica. Her fi ndings complement Simon Newman’s chronicle (item 569) of the ways in which runaways could disappear relatively easily into Jamaican society. The sheer demographic majority of Black people on the island made it possible for those who left plantations to continue to live and operate within colonial society, rather than having to join the Maroons, or live independently in the mountains. Both articles point to new avenues of research on the variety of strategies that enslaved people pursued. There is still, however, a rich emerging scholarship focusing on the lives of enslaved people who were unable to flee their oppression. In these cases, options were far more limited. But, Peter Roberts argues (item 579), enslaved culture could provide moments of refuge for those trapped in their bondage. Roberts investigates the ways in which play and recreation could offer independent spaces to relieve, at least partially, some of the daily burdens of plantation life. Likewise, the retention of African culture protected important traditions for enslaved people. Grace Turner’s archeological survey (item 661) of a Bahamian cemetery deciphers the

History: The Caribbean and French Guiana / 123

African rituals present in funerals and commemoration, while Jenny Shaw’s study (item 620) of two enslaved families in Barbados uncovers the tricky balance between African cultural retention and the adoption (forced or voluntary) of Christian customs. Gaining respect and acceptance by white society proved challenging for those who made it out of slavery. Recent scholarship has probed more deeply into individual families and the social status of free people of color, particularly in Jamaica. Manumission on the island was often the practice of white men freeing their children of color, as David Beck Ryden’s thorough investigation shows (item 656). Brooke Newman’s analysis (item 568) of subjecthood in the British Empire emphasizes the link that existed between blood purity and belonging, and how the law and cultural expectations could police that connection for those of mixed ancestry. Daniel Livesay traces (item 560) how elite mixed-race Jamaicans reacted to those barriers by leaving for Britain in the long 18th century. Those migrants’ experiences in Britain shaped larger Atlantic discussions about race, family, and social belonging. For those who stayed in Jamaica, though, slow progress could be made. Following several families on the island, Erin Trahey reveals (item 715) how free people of color accumulated wealth, and set the stage for a stronger political role after emancipation. In the lead-up to freedom, appeals for social transformation saturated the British Caribbean. Reformers insisted that enslaved people had to be trained, both professionally and morally, for their emancipation. Cultural imperialism was the preferred pedagogy. As Katharine Gerbner documents, this approach started early in the colonial process with European missionaries buckling to plantation owners’ demands. Christian conversion hinted at the possibility of eventual freedom, but as Gerbner shows (item 551), Caribbean churches decided early on that their evangelical efforts would not undercut slavery, and instead would uphold white supremacy. Even the Catholic Church—thought to be more open to individuals of color—upheld a strict color line in British Trinidad (see item 682). Religious orthodoxy stayed consistent with Caribbean racial codes, which placed soon-to-be-free people at the bottom rung of the social ladder. When England fi nally abolished slavery in 1834, it maintained racial divisions for those now free. The end of slavery, followed by an attenuated apprenticeship period, created a host of new dynamics in the region. Those now out of bondage rejoiced in their freedom, but were left with substantial burdens and little relief. Jonathan Connolly uncovers one portion of the fi nancial devastation that followed emancipation. His detailed investigation (item 671) of indentured servitude in the postslavery era reveals how it doubly penalized the recently freed: tax money drawn from free people fi nanced the acquisition of indentured labor, which created more competition for work, and lower wages, for those born in the region. At the same time, British reformers continued to insist that those in the Caribbean adopt metropolitan traditions in order to succeed. Multiple organizations launched educational initiatives in the region after 1834. Unfortunately, they were often directed by white teachers with little respect for Caribbean culture. Frequently those efforts withered quickly as perceived failures, and educators lost their zeal to transform those societies (see item 668). Scholars have offered quite refi ned examinations of this period after 1834, particularly in relation to the influence of the British state. The Caribbean’s economic decline is often seen as critical to Britain’s political interest in the region during the 19th century. Christopher Taylor’s literary analysis (item 712) of the

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period argues that Britain, and larger capitalistic forces, turned their backs on the Caribbean, creating a political and economic vacuum in the empire. Tim Barringer and Wayne Modest’s brilliantly compiled and illustrated collection (item 718) on Jamaica during the Victorian period challenges this reading. The authors in their edited volume demonstrate how closely officials in Britain continued to monitor the island, as well as to forge plans for greater imperial homogeny between the periphery and the center. Some have offered interpretations that combine these views. Oscar Webber argues (item 663) that the constant need for disaster mitigation in the Caribbean produced a discourse about the idleness and neglect of Caribbean people that compelled imperial officials to clamp down even more strongly as a result. Imperial power was on display in multiple ways, and scholars have continued to assess its complicated influence. Emancipation was not simply a period of imposed reform on Black subjects. It was also an era in which whites came under increasing scrutiny as well. Adam Thomas provides one of the few in a growing number of studies on same-sex relations in the 19th-century Caribbean. He demonstrates (item 713) that white sexuality was policed heavily during that era, and that the supposed dissipation of same-sex relationships was among the numerous issues British officials pointed to when taking the reins of colonial governance in 1865. The empire’s stamp left its mark far beyond the inward lives of its citizens. Caribbean architecture in the 19th century was practically an exercise in making the empire visible to its margins, and Stephen Stuempfle’s chronicle (item 590) of Trinidad reveals how its architects and builders attempted to wrestle the island’s population into submission. These efforts had varying degrees of long-term success. In the case of Trinidad and Tobago, assimilation became critical for social and commercial success. Jo-Anne Ferreira’s influential study (item 545) of Portuguese migrants into the colony—reprinted in 2018—illustrates just how circumscribed white identity was in the British Caribbean, and the challenges that those migrants faced in joining its ranks. This situation was even more complicated in Belize, where a much larger Indigenous population and Mexican influence pushed rulers to the limits of their accommodation. As Rajeshwari Dutt explains (item 674) in his study of a treason case at the end of the 19th century, British officials touted loyalty as the most critical variable in a heterogenous community that could not easily be categorized into false racial binaries. Well into the 20th century, loyalty maintained its importance in the Anglo-Caribbean world. A recent edited collection (item 775) on the Jamaican activist Rupert Lewis documents the effects of his Black Nationalist and Socialistic viewpoints, and the challenges they raise to an independent Caribbean nation. Scholarly attention to the British Caribbean continued to increase between 2018 and 2019. The economic and cultural importance of the region for the larger Atlantic World will continue to make it a target of interest for years to come. Whereas earlier works tended to place the British Caribbean within a hemispheric and global framework, recent scholarship has been careful to respect its particular contexts and local histories. The region continues to exert a tremendous influence on the wider world. Now the particular and individual stories of its islands are fi nally being broadcast as well. [DL] PUERTO RICO

While historians of Puerto Rico have a penchant for the study of the modern period, particularly the 19th and 20th centuries, several notable works reviewed

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in HLAS 76 deal with the era of Spanish rule. Filling a gap in Anglophone historiography of the early Spanish Caribbean, the volume edited by Ida Altman and David Wheat (item 622) portrays the region as the complex and vibrant crucible in which key historical transformations associated with the formation of the modern Atlantic world were forged. A chapter specifically dedicated to Puerto Rico examines the Revolt of Agüeybaná II in 1510 as an example of local Indigenous resistance to Spanish colonization. In this struggle, the cacique drew support from Native allies from neighboring Caribbean islands. Francisco Moscoso (item 611) revisits Caguax, another leading Taíno cacique in early 16th-century Puerto Rico. In addition, the scholar sheds light on the role of female caciques in Taíno society within the Greater Caribbean and the Bahamas Islands. Focusing chiefly on issues of land, slavery, population, trade and smuggling, and the Church and religious brotherhoods, Luis Rafael Burset Flores (item 601) fi lls in a lacuna in the historiography of the partido de Caguas, the large administrative jurisdiction in central-eastern Puerto Rico, in the period from the 16th through the late 18th century. Smuggling and piracy played important roles in the history of European expansion into and colonization of Puerto Rico and the Greater Caribbean. Sebastián Robiou Lamarche and Carmen Rabell investigate fascinating angles of this history. Robiou Lamarche (item 580) examines the exploits of known and less well-known pirates and corsairs, including women pirates, who operated in Puerto Rico and throughout the Caribbean from the 16th century through the early decades of the 19th century. Carmen Rabell (item 614) studies the narrative discourse in Francisco Dávila y Lugo’s letter addressing King Philip IV of Spain. Written in 1630, this captivating document advocates for defense and administrative reforms in Puerto Rico, a possession threatened by the Dutch. Spanish-born writer and novelist Francisco Dávila y Lugo is reportedly the fi rst author of the Golden Age to have migrated to and settled in the Indies. A resident of Puerto Rico from 1620 to 1629, the indiano author was a member of the local elite and served the Spanish Court in various roles, including informant to Philip IV. On the topic of migration, one scholarly monograph and one open digital resource deserve attention. Raquel Rosario Rivera (item 654) documents migration from revolutionary Haiti to Puerto Rico. Analysis of the demographic, racial, and socioeconomic characteristics, and legal status, reveals that slaves and free people of mixed racial background accounted for the majority (40 and 20 percent, respectively) of this migration. Occurring in cycles over several decades, the author suggests that migration from Haiti had a significant impact on 19th-century Puerto Rican society. An open searchable database, the Portal Movimientos Migratorios Iberoamericanos (item 576) provides access to digitized archival documentation on Spanish migration to Latin America and the Caribbean from the late 18th century through the fi rst three decades of the 20th century. Available records for Puerto Rico consist of 355 expedientes, or the fi les of boarding permits for traveling from Spain to the Caribbean possession issued between 1797 and 1833. This collaborative initiative between Ibero-American institutions is coordinated by the Office of National Archives of Spain’s Ministerio de Cultura and forms part of the Portal de Archivos Españoles (PARES) (see HLAS 70:874). Research on race, race relations, and the historical experience of Afro-Puerto Rican peoples is thriving. José Manuel García Leduc (item 548) brings to light the experience of enslaved Africans and Black people in Puerto Rican society, where chattel slavery, introduced as early as 1510, lasted until abolition in 1873. The persistence of race discrimination comes across as an underlying theme in this volume. Taking the bubonic plague epidemic of 1912 in San Juan as a case study

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of racial dynamics, Ann Zulawski (item 796) explores the government’s biased responses to a public health crisis. Puerta de Tierra, the working-class neighborhood adjacent to San Juan inhabited by large numbers of Afro-Puerto Ricans, was hit hard by the epidemic. That the poorest residents suffered the most during the outbreak shows how class, race, and colonial policy intersected, shaping the actions of health and civil authorities. Black educated elite are the subject of works by Gladys M. Jiménez-Muñoz and Daniel Nina. Jiménez-Muñoz (item 747) reflects on the life of Antonia Sáez Torres, a prominent Black educator, opening a singular window into the struggles of Black artisan and working-class communities from eastern Puerto Rico as they navigated race, class, and gender dynamics. Sáez’s advocacy of Spanish-language instruction in public schools and support of artisanled, self-education institutions served to uplift socially and culturally the laboring classes of her community. For his part, Nina (item 765) explores Afro-Puerto Rican militancy in the pro-independence movement, particularly in the Partido Nacionalista Puertorriqueño, during the 1930–50 period through the pursuits of Club Tanamá. Founded in 1938, this cultural association was composed of the Black working and middle classes from the sugarcane-growing municipality of Canóvanas in northern Puerto Rico. The association’s leadership melded the fight for racial justice with the struggle for political independence from the US. Focusing on childhood, an underexamined topic, Solsiree del Moral (item 763) reconstitutes the life story of a poor, Black girl from a sugarcane-growing region in western Puerto Rico during the late 1950s. This work is a well-received contribution to the historiography of childhood, particularly Black children, in modern Puerto Rico. Several works contribute to our understanding of religion, with an emphasis on the Catholic Church, in Puerto Rico. Focusing on the official tax revenue system created by the Spanish Crown in the 16th century to support the clergy in its possessions, José Manuel García Leduc (item 549) dissects the fi nancial history of the Catholic Church in Puerto Rico. In a seminal study, César Augusto Salcedo Chirinos (item 710) delves into acts of transgressions from adultery to gambling by the Catholic secular clergy in the Diocese of Puerto Rico during the fi rst half of the 19th century. For the author, these acts of transgression denote negotiation or remaking of the imaginary of priesthood. The intersection of sports and religion in early 20th-century Puerto Rico is explored by Antonio Sotomayor (item 784). As in other facets of everyday life under US rule, Puerto Ricans displayed agency, adeptly selecting sports, seen as a modern cultural practice, over the YMCA organization’s proselytizing mission of intrinsic Protestantism. José Enrique Laboy Gómez (item 750) sheds light on political developments within the Catholic Church in the Puerto Rico of the 1960s and 1970s. The author traces the emergence of Liberation Theology as well as the reaction led by the Church hierarchy and government authorities against its exponents on the island. This well-documented study draws upon interviews and the personal papers of leading figures in the progressive Church. Reflection on leading intellectuals, social thought, and higher education have generated noteworthy contributions to Puerto Rican studies. Distinguished French historian and Caribbeanist Paul Estrade (item 675) presents an unrevised selection of his works, drawn mainly from lectures and published articles, examining the multifaceted life and social thought of Ramón Emeterio Betances (1827–98), the steadfast Puerto Rican abolitionist, intellectual, and revolutionary leader. Joaquín M. Jiménez Ferrer (item 746) approaches the intellectual contributions of prominent Argentine philosopher Francisco Romero (1891–1962) from the

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perspective of the history of ideas in Latin America and Puerto Rico. Known as the dean of Latin American philosophers, Romero exerted a lasting influence on generations of faculty affiliated with the University of Puerto Rico, particularly its Department of Philosophy. Prominent social scientist Jorge Rodríguez Beruff (item 581) provides an overarching view of his lifelong research interests in a volume of selected essays, two of them previously unpublished. Reflection on the different facets or expressions of power (intellectual, military, social, and political) is the unifying theme of the volume. Scholars working on labor cast new light on the Puerto Rican labor movement as they examine working-class intellectual production. By analyzing the social imaginary stemming from the Bolshevik Revolution and the Communist International (Comintern) displayed in the Puerto Rican labor press as well as in the writings of local Communist Party leaders, Sandra Pujals (item 770) shows the gradual shift in working-class radicalism from anarchist to class-struggle oriented objectives. Adopting a transnational perspective, the author argues that the discursive radicalization of Puerto Rican labor movement during the 1930s was influenced as much by domestic as by international developments. Carlos Sanabria (item 584) revisits historiographical debates about the nature of the organized labor movement in Puerto Rico from the time of US occupation in 1898 through the 1930s. The author acknowledges intrinsic tensions between the radical ideas of the rank-and-fi le and the avowed reformism of top leadership influenced by the American Federation of Labor (AFL). The discussion of working-class intellectual production, particularly the popular genre of labor theater, is one of this work’s most significant contributions. The output of research in the vein of cultural history and, more broadly, cultural studies is robust. Weaving fiction and essay, prominent novelist Marta Aponte Alsina (item 537) writes a penetrating narrative about Aguirre, the oncedominant sugarcane mill and its company town, founded in southeastern Puerto Rico by Boston-based investors in 1899. An innovative approach to the examination of the interplay of global and regional historical processes, colonialism, and cultural resilience, this book advances our understanding of US-Puerto Rico relations. In a perceptive cultural history of Hormigueros, his hometown in southwestern Puerto Rico, Mario R. Cancel (item 539) addresses key themes in the town’s past, specifically the popular cult of the Virgin of Montserrat, to explain not only how residents have imagined themselves as a community, but how the town has been represented discursively over time. Two works take up cultural production in post-1940s Puerto Rico. Marcos Vélez Rivera (item 790) examines the visual discourse on the imagined modern Puerto Rican citizen in the images and artwork of the publications issued by the División de Educación de la Comunidad (DIVEDCO), the government-run educational program for rural communities. This work advances our understanding of the cultural dimensions of the complex modernization project led by the leadership of Partido Popular Democrático in alliance with artists, intellectuals, and writers since the late 1940s. Carmelo Esterrich (item 739) studies the profound and often contradictory effects of Puerto Rico’s rapid postwar modernization and urbanization on local cultural production ranging from popular music and film to literature and the visual arts. Skillfully written, this work shows the complex negotiations by artists and cultural agents over the representations of the rural and the urban in both official and popular discourse. The analysis of Rafel Cortijo’s music and the fi lms produced by DIVEDCO is thought provoking. In an insightful overview of recordkeeping practices in

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Puerto Rico, Joel A. Blanco-Rivas and Marisol Ramos (item 538) focus on the creation of Archivo General de Puerto Rico (AGPR) in 1955 from the perspective of the Caribbean nation’s political status as a US territory. They argue that the AGPR’s avowed cultural mission of preservation of Puerto Rican heritage is ostensibly at odds with the role of an administrative organ charged not only with managing government records, but also granting greater public access to official records. Several scholars engage political history from the perspective of locallevel developments, highlighting the roles of regional elites. Carlos Rivera Vélez (item 708) portrays Círculo de Recreo de San Germán as a leading exponent of liberal thought in late 19th-century Puerto Rico. The leadership of the elite fraternal organization pursued a dual agenda, on both cultural and the political fronts, protesting repression and demanding greater political freedoms from Spain. Drawing on microhistory and prosopography, José Luis Colón González (item 732) studies the emergence of dissident local municipal political parties in Yauco during the early years of US domination of Puerto Rico. The actions of the political elites of this leading coffee-growing municipality and their struggles for power complicate our understanding of Puerto Rico’s political history during the period. Political affairs in 20th-century Puerto Rico continue to garner stimulating scholarly attention. These works align with two main lines of inquiry: the history of relations between Puerto Rico and the US, and developments within the independence movement on the island. Néstor R. Duprey Salgado (item 736) revises the history of the political and juridical relations between the US and Puerto Rico during the Franklin Delano Roosevelt administration, shedding new light on the actions of US Senator Millard E. Tydings, the architect of legislation that would have granted independence to the island territory. As the author argues, complex internal and external developments, particularly the shifting ideological positions of key Puerto Rican political leaders and the altered geopolitical role of the Caribbean territory during World War II, shaped the policy of the Roosevelt administration toward Puerto Rico, undermining Tydings’ legislative initiatives. The Jones Act of 1917 granting American citizenship to the people of Puerto Rico has been the subject of intense debates over the years. In an incisive new book, Sam Erman (item 738) explains not only key constitutional, ideological, and political developments within the US undergirding the extension of American citizenship to the people of Puerto Rico, but also the actions of political figures on the island over constitutional and policy debates about collective naturalization. According to Erman, preoccupation with race and racism informed the so-called territorial nonincorporation doctrine by which Puerto Rico, a new overseas possession, came to be ruled by the US after 1898. The new doctrine supplanted established constitutional jurisprudence and practice, delinking the triad formed by citizenship, rights, and statehood. Puerto Rico has been a key piece in the defense strategies of metropolitan powers—Spain until 1898 and the US since then. Military service of Puerto Ricans is the prism through which the complex historical experience of colonialism, nation building, and modernization in Puerto Rico is viewed in Harry Franqui-Rivera’s (item 547) provocative work. In contrast to Spain, the US promoted political enfranchisement, education, and greater opportunities for service in the military, all of which led to long-standing political hegemony over the island territory. Furthermore, military service of peasants and urban workers, especially during mobilization for World War II and the Korean War, shaped people’s ideas of national identity. For the author, this was a critical step in the formation of cultural nationalism, a hallmark of the Estado Libre Asociado, founded in 1952

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by the leadership of Partido Popular Democrático. Scholars have also examined the impact of international developments on insular affairs during the 1940s and 1950s. As Gerardo M. Piñero Cádiz (item 769) argues, the heightened strategic importance of the island territory within the US hemispheric defense framework prompted the US Army Corps of Engineers to revamp the coastal defense system during the 1940s. Global transformations after World War II were no less impactful. The dissolution of European empires, the emergence of anticolonial struggles in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East, the creation of the UN, and the onset of the Cold War, shaped US policies toward Puerto Rico during the 1950s as shown by Amílcar Cintrón (item 731). Research on the Puerto Rican independence movement is an established line of inquiry in the scholarship on Puerto Rico-US relations. Political persecution and repression of advocates for independence is a salient theme. The life and work of Pedro Albizu Campos (1891–1965), the leading figure of the Puerto Rican independence movement, is considered in the published conference proceedings, Pedro Albizu Campos, lujo de la historia (item 748). Race in Albizu Campos’ political imaginary, the main tenets of nationalists’ ideology, and juridical aspects of political persecution targeting advocates of nationalism are relevant topics covered in the volume. Ché Paralitici (item 571) revises dominant interpretations of the independence movement from the time of the US invasion in 1898 to the present. In this well-researched work, the author establishes a periodization of the struggles for independence, dissects the often-competing ideological rifts between advocates of nationalism and supporters of socialism within the movement, considers the role of international support as well as pro-independence organizations in the diaspora, and reflects on the challenges that new social movements currently pose to the agenda for Puerto Rico’s political independence. An assessment of the rise and development of the Partido Socialista Puertorriqueño, a Marxist-Leninist organization that advocated independence, appears in Wilfredo Mattos Cintrón (item 758). Internal political processes are often complicated by external contingencies. The political assassination in 1979 of Carlos Muñiz Varela, a Cuban exile who supported Puerto Rican independence, is the focal point of a rigorous investigation by Jesús Arboleya Cervera, Raúl Álzaga Manresa and Ricardo Fraga del Valle (item 721) on counterrevolutionary Cuban groups who operated on the island. Buoyed by the official stance of both local and US governments, the authors argue, Cuban exile extremists engaged in domestic political violence, furthering the repression of the Puerto Rican independence movement as a result. In the works referenced above, both Solsiree del Moral and Carmen Rita Rabell made extensive use of open digital archives. A boon to scholarship, digitization has expanded the repertoire of materials of research value available to historians of Puerto Rico. Maintained by the Center for Puerto Rican Studies at Hunter College (CUNY), Centro Archive’s Digital Collections (item 542) provides content from the entity’s own extensive archival holdings, including newspaper clippings, photographs, correspondence, and oral histories, as well as video and audio clips. In addition to full text searching capabilities, the site’s browse feature guides users to relevant content arranged under categories such as people, organizations, decades, and places. Since 1973, the Center for Puerto Rican Studies has been the leading research center and historical archive supporting the study of the Puerto Rican diaspora in the US. A searchable digital audio archive, La Voz del Centro (item 593) features interviews with prominent specialists on wide-ranging topics about the history, culture, and society of Puerto Rico and the Caribbean.

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The archive of audio recordings covers the period from 2002 when the radio program fi rst aired in Puerto Rico to the present. Hosted by media entrepreneur and historian Angel Collado Schwarz, La Voz del Centro is an independent cultural radio program. An extraordinary selection of open access resources awaits students of slavery in Puerto Rico, particularly, and, generally, in the Americas. Content in these digital collections tends to be census and demographic data. The Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture at the New York Public Library launched the Puerto Rican Slave Documents Collection (item 702). Dating from 1867 to 1872, the 67 digitized slave registers records ( padrones) in this collection provide a distinct picture of segments of the slave population in various municipalities of northern Puerto Rico in the period leading up to abolition (1873). Name, age, gender, country of origin, marital and parental status, occupation, residence, and selfpurchase status (coartación) of the enslaved are key data shown in these sources. This collection complements Puerto Rico Slave Registers, 1863–1879 (item 703), a searchable database from FamilySearch, the international genealogy database. Composed of census records drawn from repositories in Puerto Rico, including the Archivo General de Puerto Rico, this searchable database provides significant social and demographic data on both the enslaved and freed populations during the last decades of slavery in the Caribbean nation. Full transcriptions, and in some cases digital images, of the original documents are accessible through the creation of a user’s account. A digital initiative from the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Registro central de esclavos (1872) (item 706) is an invaluable source of social and demographic information about the slave population during the year preceding the abolition of slavery in Puerto Rico (1873). The island-wide census was mandated by the Spanish government as part of the passage of the Moret Law ending slavery (1870). Data provided on each slave include name, age, gender, country of origin, bonds of filiation, marital and parental status, occupation, place of residence, and the name of the slaveholder. Currently hosted at Rice University, SlaveVoyages: The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database (item 621) was developed collaboratively by an international group of scholars. SlaveVoyages is a searchable single, standardized dataset of transatlantic slave voyages records sourced from archives and repositories in Europe, Africa, and the Americas. One of its newer features is the Intra-American Slave Trade Database, highlighting the important role of Spanish American territories, particularly the Caribbean, in the history of chattel slavery in the Americas. To date, available records for Puerto Rico provide information about 271 slave voyages from 1698 to 1834. [LG] DOMINICAN REPUBLIC (COLONIAL PERIOD)

For my fi rst contribution to HLAS, I have turned my attention to the analysis of publications focused on the Spanish colonial period in Hispaniola, leaving for HLAS 78 works dedicated to the 19th century. Taking this into account, the overall historiography of colonial Hispaniola is marked by its paucity. Regrettably, and despite representing the fi rst great European colonial experiment in the Americas, and suffering all its pitfalls, the study of Spanish colonialism in Hispaniola continues to be a small footnote in the history of the Caribbean and the Spanish Atlantic. Most of the work on the country’s history continues to be published in the Dominican Republic and tends to have a strong national bent, so that thematic

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connections to the wider Caribbean, the Spanish colonial enterprise, and the Atlantic region are often absent. The works reviewed for HLAS 76 constitute a representative sample of the state of the field of colonial Hispaniola. Edited collections of primary sources, collected mostly from archives outside the island by Dominican scholars and published in Santo Domingo, have predominated in the past 20 years and continue to show their strength here. The collections of documents edited by Genaro Rodríguez Morel from the Archivo General de Indias in Sevilla, Spain (items 616 and 617) are valuable additions to the field, especially taking into account the not inconsiderable cost of travel to and lodging in Sevilla for visiting scholars, and the institutional barriers within the Spanish archive to providing copies of documents to researchers in a timely manner. These collections represent enormous savings of time, energy, and effort, and might play an important role in increasing interest in colonial Hispaniola among historians in training on the island. Gerardo Cabrera Prieto’s recent work (item 626) with documents housed in Cuban archives is also important to this particular trend in Hispaniola’s historiography. The second type of work that has predominated in the field are compilations of works from scholars, intellectuals, and important figures in Dominican history. Many of these collections, mostly published in the Dominican Republic, contain essays dedicated to the colonial period, but they also include the 19th and 20th centuries. Some of these compilations are published by private institutions dedicated to preserving the memory of a particular figure (item 724), and others are publications by government institutions aimed at memoralizing the work of highly influential scholars, such as the compiled works of Emilio Cordero Michel (item 543) who passed away in 2018. The third category encompasses new historical works dedicated to the analysis of Hispaniola’s colonial history. The early colonial years (15th–16th centuries) have received the most scholarly attention (see 610). Other works, while starting chronologically in the precolonial and early colonial period, offer a long durée analysis in areas such as the history of certain commodities (item 566), or cultural analysis on the perception of certain historical figures across Dominican history (item 592). Works dedicated to the 17th century are rare, but in this small number we have at least two entries from this period (see 624). Scholars in the US working on Hispaniola topics are few and far between, but the work of Marc Eagle (whose fi rst monograph is forthcoming) deserves a special mention (item 602) since it places Santo Domingo in conversation with the scholarship of slavery and the Spanish and Portuguese Atlantic. In recent years, there have been abundant works about Hispaniola in the 18th century, particularly dealing with subjects such as slavery, Bourbon Reforms and their effects on the island, and the relationship of the Spanish colony with Saint-Domingue and the Haitian Revolution. [JJPV] DOMINICAN REPUBLIC (20TH CENTURY)

The state of the historiography of the 20th-century Dominican Republic, circa 2019–2020 and prior to the onset of the novel coronavirus, is characterized by two opposing yet interlinked tendencies of growth and defense. On the one hand, new scholarship continues to proliferate that brings new perspectives and challenges received wisdom about the state of the field. On the other, the centrality of the island to scholarship on the Americas broadly as well as systems of coloniality, imperialism, and capitalism continues to be denied or downplayed. The late 2019 denial of

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tenure to Harvard professor Lorgia García-Peña sits at the center of this juxtaposition. While growing numbers of young scholars have been engaging Hispaniola as key ground for some of the field’s most central questions of race, nation, empire, and modernity, resistance to valuing “shit-hole countries”1 continues to cloud the academy despite professions of liberal politics. To wit, while García-Peña’s 2016 book The Borders of Dominicanidad (see HLAS 75:1818) won two awards from the Latin American Studies Association (LASA) and the Gloria E. Anzaldúa Book Prize from the National Women’s Studies Association, certain gatekeepers continue to dismiss the island’s significance as part of a larger pursuit of knowledge. The extensive pushback from faculty and students to García-Peña’s tenure denial (as well as to similar cases at Yale and DePaul) demonstrates a growing and public refusal of intellectual marginalization projects led by the academy’s ivory-tower elite. While the discussions around these particular cases, the growth and sustainability of ethnic studies departments in the US academy, and the creation and sustenance of faculty that mirror the contemporary student body loom much larger than the subject matter of this essay, modern Dominican history has seen important contributions to the efforts to value global Blackness and diasporic knowledge production. Moreover, several new intellectual directions and approaches are signaled in the work included in this volume. Drawing on the strength of a fairly rapidly expanding corpus of work, historical perspectives that engage cultural theory and diasporic studies, multiple and intertwined disciplinary analytical views, and nuanced understandings of the transnational have become more visible in the Dominicanist historical literature. Demanding attention to the Dominican case as a center of major historical questions (and answers), scholars of gender in Hispaniola have drawn our attention to questions of border and nation-making, dictatorship and modernization, postdictatorial transitions and the rise of identity politics, and the relevance of antiracist and antisexist work to formulations of contemporary citizenship. In focusing on the “center-island borderlands” between Haiti and the Dominican Republic in the late 19th century, for example, Anne Eller demonstrates not only a more universal gendered language of resistance, but a model for switching historical analysis from the margins to the center (item 737). The mid-20th century mobilizations of women highlighted in the work of April Yoder and Neici Zeller, whether through career paths or within rights circles, also draw scholarly attentions to the workings of dictatorship, global discourses of modernity, and the intersections of race, class, and gender (items 754 and 795). The kinds of activist circles mobilized in the 1960s and 1970s during the Balaguer years, continue, if challenged, through to the present. The antisexist, antiracist agendas developed by women’s and human rights groups during the trying years of the doce años were not only durable, but have proven invaluable at the current global moment of fascistic tendencies and seemingly contagious rights denial as April Mayes’ work demonstrates (item 759). In a related vein, the significance of sport, and specifically baseball, to politics, social transformation, economics, race, and migration emerges in a number of the texts, including April Yoder’s work on Olympism and baseball, Averell Smith’s study of Satchel Paige and Rafael Trujillo, and Felipe Alou’s autobiogra1. In January 2018, former president Donald Trump was widely reported to have asked during a White House meeting why immigrants from “shit-hole” countries—specifically, El Salvador, Haiti, and African nations—were being allowed to migrate to the US.

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phy (items 719, 783, and 794) to center the Dominican Republic in larger regional discussions. Given the importance, particularly of baseball, but of sport generally in the second half of the 20th century in the Dominican Republic and within its diaspora, this attention is long overdue and benefits from a more concrete theorization than previous work. Linking the growth and interconnectedness of sport and society to the work of Latin Americanist scholars like Brenda Elsey, Joshua Nadel, Gregg Bocketti, Barbara Keys, Raanan Rein, and Thomas Carter, as well as to a growing scholarship on sport and gender, provides yet another example of the ways the Dominican Republic sits within a rich context of 20th-century understandings of nation, empire, race, and society. Moreover, studies of sport also provide some compelling material on the function of race across and through the Dominican diasporic experience—as both Satchel Paige and Felipe Alou’s memoirs illustrate—as well as the informal structures of empire and the window dressing of democratization under Balaguer. While the Trujillato and the Revolution of 1965 continue to occupy historical attention in both academic and trade publications for obvious reasons, the long neglect of the “other” 1960s, i.e. the 1960s that followed the April Revolution, is beginning to shift. These legacies—including of postdictatorial memory and memorialization, literary production across the decade, and purported transitions to democracy under Balaguer are explored in several of the selections in this volume. In shifting the locus of discussion of the 1965 Revolution to the outsider views of British diplomats, seeking to understand foreign relations through the lens of Juan Bosch’s publishing efforts, or shining a light on the diplomacy of sport under Balaguer, for a few examples, scholars are looking behind and around traditional sources to provide a more complex narrative of the 1960s (items 724, 725, 740, and 793). In addition, the ways in which we memorialize the difficult events during this time also demand assessment, as Lisa Blackmore has been doing with her documentary and scholarly work for several years now (item 723). Finally, a number of studies increase our understanding of the exceedingly complex positionality of the Dominican Republic in drama of the Cold War (items 725, 740, 764, 773, 793, 794, and 795). Over the past decade, the contributions to the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Latin American History on the Dominican Republic have also significantly advanced the field in critical ways. Under the coeditorship of Robin L. Derby since its inception, this massive online research encyclopedia has given fair attention to Dominican topics as a result of her leadership, a number of which have been annotated here or in previous volumes (items 749, 764, 773, 774, 792, and 793). Touching on the Trujillo regime, international relations and diplomacy, sport, gender, migration, and culture, these now dozen or so research additions signal the expanding scope of Dominican history. Derby’s wide field of interest and critical eye have made these contributions all the more valuable, providing an expansive range of studies that traverse a wide range of topics and disciplinary approaches, while also demonstrating the significance of 20th-century Dominican studies to broader regional patterns. Beyond the scope of the annotations included in this volume, but extremely relevant to the directions of modern historical analysis of the Dominican Republic, are the forthcoming dissertations and scholarship from Rene Cordero, Raquel Corona, Genesis Lara, Narcisa Núñez Anyeline Mejía, Alexa Rodríguez, and Ruben Luciano. Included in their respective areas of focus are a study of the student movement and its antiracist solidarity efforts as the Dominican political vanguard

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of the 1960s, a literary and cultural assessment of Dominican transnational communities through print media, an analysis of Cold War women’s transnational and revolutionary activism, an interrogation of the structure and function of dictatorial memorialization and forgetting, a detailed assessment of efforts to end violence against women in both island and NY-based Dominican communities, an exploration of empire, schools and the formation and geographies of identity, both in the Dominican Republic and in the US, through a history of education in the US occupation, and a study of the military under the Trujillato to nuanced understandings of loyalty and subservience assumed to be part of the regime and its militarized programs. Each of these new areas of research will provide rich foundations for expanding the reach of Dominican historical studies once completed; together they signal a growing strength and the significance of the field at-large. Despite expansion in multiple new and exciting directions, some less-thanideal tendencies continue along the bias in defense of Dominican historiography and its several dominizing narratives, including the publication of Trujillo-era functionaries’ historical analysis (item 760) a focus on Spanish migrations to the Dominican Republic (items 762 and 772) (at the expense of equally detailed studies of migrations of peoples of color), and ruminations on the death of Trujillo (item 756). While these works serve to reinforce old and somewhat defensive patterns that tend toward marginalization, a number of other similarly “traditional” studies counterbalance these tendencies, including José L. Vásquez Romero’s detailed analysis of the dictatorship of Ramón Cáceres (item 789) that unearths the roots of dictatorial leadership and other 20th-century challenges, Eduardo J. Tejera’s economic focus on the US occupation that highlights resistance activism (item 785) and Pastor Vásquez Frías’ straightforward narrative presentation of US occupations that simultaneously looks at Haiti and the Dominican Republic (item 788). Moroever, the production of primary source anthologies by the AGN and other outlets continues to be a valuable contribution to the historiography (items 722 and 740). One of the most valuable directions seen in this literature is signaled by a transnational Hispaniola model that asks scholars and activists to think beyond and across the boundary that divides the island. Usefully, this model of thinking across borders has also deeply influenced studies of the diaspora and resulted in a number of new works that are pushing toward a more fluid understanding of geography and belonging. In the words of Vásquez Frías, the two sides of the island are like “conjoined wings in the conspiracies and fate of history”; the same could be said of Dominicans on the island and in the international diaspora (item 788). Perhaps the most impactful work here forces us to think beyond the categories that have been used to create physical or ideological isolation and to see ideas and bodies moving past and through the boundary structures intended to contain them. As Vásquez Frías argues: “Pues aunque la historia se repite, solo como tragedia o comedia, no se debe descuidar el papel rectificador en que debe traducirse su análisis... para convertir la enseñanza de la historia en una labor transformadora, a partir de la concienciación acerca de las causas explicativas del atraso general que caracteriza a la sociedad dominicana. Repensar la historia es el punto de partida imprescindible para superar la realidad vigente.” (p. 17–18, Introducción general, item 788). “So although history repeats itself, always as a tragedy or comedy, the rectifying role in which its analysis is to be applied should not be neglected... [the goal is] to turn the teaching of history into a transformative work, starting with

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the awareness of the explanatory causes of the general backwardness that characterizes Dominican society. Rethinking history is the essential starting point for overcoming the current reality” (p. 17–18, Introducción general, item 788). [ESM] FRENCH CARIBBEAN AND FRENCH GUIANA

Among recent works on the history of the French Caribbean and French Guiana are two revisionist studies that challenge long-standing premises in regional historiography. In his examination of the French invasion of Haiti in 1802, Philippe Girard (item 640) depicts a pragmatic Napoleon, primarily concerned with law and order and with reasserting French authority over Toussaint Louverture, rather than with reestablishing slavery. Amelia Hintzen (item 743) offers a similarly fresh interpretation of the 1937 mass murder of Haitians on the northwestern frontier of the Dominican Republic. While long-dominant narratives have traced the massacre to an outburst of popular Dominican racism, Hintzen uses the Dominican archives to show that local officials had protected the wellintegrated local communities—and that the massacre was ordered by Trujillo to assert his power over them and to construct a new national narrative about the “Dominican race.” Atlantic migrations and maritime circulation between islands have long defi ned the Caribbean past. Two new chapters have been added to this history with regard to Martinique. The late historian Georges Mauvois (item 694) looked at rural slaves in the 1830s–40s who eluded nocturnal coastal surveillance and used rowboats to reach nearby English islands where slavery had been abolished. Eric Jennings (item 745) has masterfully captured the human drama that unfolded in the course of a few months between 1940 and 1941, when Martinique under Vichy rule became the last escape route for 5,000 political and racial refugees from Fascist and Nazi-occupied Europe, which raised US and British concern about this potential foothold for Nazi Germany. Combining history with archeology is a distinctive characteristic of studies of the French Caribbean and the Guianas, thanks largely to the Service régionaux de l’archéologie active in Martinique, French Guiana, and Guadeloupe since their creation in 1991. The late historian Lodewijk Hulsman with archeologist Martijn van den Bel (items 599, 600, and 606) retrieved Dutch sources that they made available in French to identify the sites of early Dutch settlements along the French Guiana coast. Archeologist and historian Tristan Yvon (item 595) has produced the fi rst longitudinal study of Guadeloupe indigo plantations, including their location, equipment, and processing methods in the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, combining a wealth of written and iconographic data with archeological fi ndings. The Saint Domingue-Haiti revolution and war of independence continues to be the single most researched episode in French Caribbean history. Although some works largely elaborate on existing scholarship, historians continue to open new avenues. Foremost among those working on the topic are Jean-Louis Donnadieu (item 634), Philippe Girard (items 632 and 639) and collaboratively (items 637 and 643). Working from previously unknown sources, they have considerably enlarged our knowledge of Toussaint Louverture, Jean-Baptiste Belley, and Jean-Jacques Dessalines — their family origins, prerevolutionary social milieu, extensive social networks, and early political or military careers. Bernard Gainot (item 638) reflects on enduring features of the Saint Domingue colony that were passed down to the Haitian nation: how a decade of war waged by the French

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Republic turned insurgent slaves into the new nation’s professional soldiers; how Haiti’s markedly military government echoed that of France in its Caribbean colonies after the Seven Years’ War. Focusing on the self-proclaimed “prophetess” who led the 1791 insurrection in southwestern Saint Domingue and the French Catholic priest who negotiated with him, Terry Rey (item 652) creatively illuminates the religious dimension of the Haitian revolution. The impact of a decade of revolution and wars on the sugar and slave plantation economy and society is a common theme underlying a number of studies on the 19th-century French Caribbean. Jean Casimir (item 540) presents a convincing picture of the massive desertion of coastal plantations by Haitian peasants— despite attempts by authorities and new elites to revive the planter economy for their own profit. The new state disdained this resilient peasant world and failed to integrate its inhabitants into the Haitian nation economically or politically. Johnhenry Gonzalez (item 677) embraces and elaborates on Casimir’s insight. Making the best of patchy sources, he documents what he regards as Haiti’s true revolution: peasants created family farms in remote mountainous lands and grew subsistence crops for barter in a myriad of local markets — a deliberate strategy, he contends, to evade tax collection. In contrast to Haiti, 19th- and 20th-century Guadeloupe is a success story of new sugar mills, technological innovations, land concentration, and record outputs from the 1860s on. Christian Schnakenbourg has done a superb series of long studies on this process. To these, he adds a new analysis of the industry’s ultimate demise beginning in the 1880s (items 586 and 587), when it could not compete with French sugar beet and one mill after another closed in the face of a world depression, hurricanes, and a legally imposed increase in wages. The railroad that carried cane to the mills is the subject of Philippe Mioche’s study (item 565). He masterfully combines a general overview with a wealth of technical and fi nancial data on the rail network that served the powerful Beauport mill in northern Grande-Terre and the broader sugar culture around it until the mill was destroyed by Hurricane Hugo in 1989. Other historians of 19th-century Martinique and Guadeloupe examine the social dynamics of freedom which culminated with the 1848 abolition of slavery. Abel Louis has dedicated several erudite books to the ascent of free people of color in Martinique from the Ancien Régime to the 1850s (items 562, 563, and 688). Louis’ biographies of Janvier Littée (item 561) who was born of a slave mother and became Martinique’s fi rst deputy of color in the French revolutionary assemblies, and of Jean-Pierre Eugène Clavier (item 690), a judge educated in France who became the fi rst person of color to be a member of the colonial council in the 1840s, show how the male elites of color on Martinique benefitted from the political rights that France granted in 1792 and 1848. Free elite rural people of color have also received attention. Drawing from good registers for three rural parishes of northern Martinique, Jessica PierreLouis (item 575) has studied their demographics, family ties, and social networks over a century and identified “assimilated” free women of color who, after two generations, passed for whites and married accordingly. Senior historian Gérard Lafleur’s well-documented biography (item 554) takes us to rural Basse-Terre in Guadeloupe, where the educated free-colored Amé-Noël owned a coastal fishing fleet, speculated in plantations, cultivated connections among powerful whites, and made indebted small planters his obligés. A counterpoint to the free-coloreds’ ascent, Charles-Luce Moreau’s history, recounted by Daniel-Édouard Marie-Sainte

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(item 692), epitomizes the plight of the planter class in the 1840s: the resourceful scion of an old Creole family, Moreau had tried his luck as a merchant in Pointe-à-Pitre when the 1843 earthquake destroyed the island’s main port city; he then turned to his Basse-Terre plantation, but was bankrupted by the abolition of slavery. There is a growing trend of historical research on the French Caribbean in the 20th century and beyond. Chantalle Verna (item 791) provides a rich and balanced treatment of two decades of US cooperation in Haiti following occupation through a wide range of programs, from US university scholarships to broadcast courses of English and regional developmental projects. She shows that despite being conceived to advance US interests in the region and later contain communism, such programs offered opportunities seized by Haitians of diverse political opinions to advance their lot and enhance their country’s standing. Starting in the 2000s, the issue of assimilationnisme —the remodeling during the 20th-century of France’s old colonial regime to endow Martinique, Guadeloupe, and French Guiana with the same institutions and rights as the metropolis—has emerged in an increasing number of works. The range of topics they touch on is striking. In his study of an antimilitarist bimonthly published briefly in Guadeloupe before World War I, Jacques Dumont (item 735) highlights one milestone of assimilationism: the 1913 law that extended military conscription to its colonies. Another milestone is the 1946 law which established overseas departments. A comprehensive history of Martinique’s General Council (item 577), directed by Dominique Taffin, offers a thorough assessment of the changes départementalisation brought about in the island’s representative assembly. The limits of assimilationism in politics are discussed in an excellent piece by Dominique Chathuant (item 730), a specialist of 20th-century Guadeloupean political history, on Gratien Candace, a black MP of Guadeloupe: although a member of a centrist party which applauded Italian fascism, Candace reacted critically to Mussolini’s conquest of Ethiopia in 1935 as he embraced French négritude views of Africa as the cradle of civilization. In their work on a charitable institution for abandoned boys, which was integrated into the new welfare apparatus with little consideration for the institution’s established practices, Claire Lucienne Palmiste and Frédéric Scheider (items 767 and 777) reveal a rather negative outcome of the shift to the new departmental framework. In analyzing why it has proven problematic to assess how many Guadeloupe soldiers fell in World War I, Anne Lebel (item 751) indirectly offers clues about the difficulties France faced in practice as it tried to “assimilate” its new overseas departments: colonial troops were customarily omitted from official lists and, recently, in 2014, overseas visitors to the web site of the authoritative victim database were not initially provided with the access code. Urban history is receiving a fresh impetus in Haiti and Guadeloupe. The authoritative work of urban geographer and historian Georges Eddy Lucien (item 753) analyzes Port-au-Prince’s “failed modernization,” which, from the US occupation (1913) to post-World War II, combined accelerated growth from rural immigration, an excessive primacy at the expense of Haiti’s other towns, and inadequate state urban policy. Yet Lucien shows that postwar Port-au-Prince was also a place of exceptional artistic creativity, and writing in the aftermath of the devastating earthquake of 2010, he observes the ingenuity of its inhabitants in the face of tremendous adversity. Roméo Terral (item 786) also looks at demographic growth due to rural immigration and modernizing urban policy in the fi rst half of the 20th

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century in Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe. Through an imaginative use of electoral rolls, Terral reveals that the main rural influx came from nearby Marie-Galante, thanks to regular maritime connections established in the 1920s. The 1928 hurricane devastated the island’s sugar fields and sent the unemployed to Pointe-à-Pitre, where they became part of the labor force needed to rebuild after the city’s similarly extensive destruction. To conclude, one is impressed by the diversity and quality of recent historiography on the French Caribbean and French Guiana—but also by its persistent deficit in gender history. One notable exception, however, is Cécile Celma’s work (item 541) on the women who worked as coal stevedores in Martinique port of Fort-de-France from late 19th century to the 1940s, when steamships were powered by coal, and whose defense of their position gave them unusual prominence among Martinique’s early labor unions. [APD]

GENERAL

537

Aponte Alsina, Marta. PR3 Aguirre. Cayey, Puerto Rico: Sopa de Letras, 2018. 101 p.: bibl., ill. Drawing on wide-ranging sources, including personal papers and archives, interviews, maps, and visual art, the author weaves fiction and essay into a penetrating narrative about Aguirre, the once-dominant sugarcane mill and its company town, founded in southeastern Puerto Rico by Boston-based investors in 1899. An innovative approach to the examination of the interplay of global and regional historical processes, colonialism, and cultural resilience, this book advances our understanding of US-Puerto Rico relations. Based on extensive research in US repositories. [LG]

538

Blanco-Rivas, Joel A. and Marisol Ramos. Puerto Rico’s archival traditions in a colonial context. (in Decolonizing the Caribbean record: an archives reader. Edited by Jeannette A. Bastian, Stanley H. Griffi n, and John A. Aarons. Sacramento, Calif.: Litwin Books, 2018, p. 55–78) This insightful article provides a historical overview of recordkeeping practices in Puerto Rico, paying particular attention to the creation of the Archivo General de Puerto Rico (AGPR) in 1955 from the perspective of the Caribbean nation’s political status as a US territory. The authors argue that the AGPR’s avowed cultural mission of advocacy and preservation of a Puerto Rican national identity is ostensibly at odds with the administrative function of an agency charged with managing government records

and its attendant obligations to foster accountability and greater access to public records. [LG]

539

Cancel, Mario R. De Horomico a Hormigueros: 400 años de Resistencia. San Juan: Editorial 360°, 2016. 231 p.: bibl., ill. Perceptive cultural history of Hormigueros, a municipality located in southwestern Puerto Rico, from its foundation in the 16th century to the present. Anchored in a skilled critical understanding of the historian’s craft, the author addresses key themes in the town’s past, specifically the popular cult of the Virgin of Montserrat, to explain not only how residents have imagined themselves as a community, but how the town has been represented discursively over time. [LG]

540

Casimir, Jean. Une lecture décoloniale de l’histoire des haïtiens: du Traité de Ryswick à l’occupation américaine (1697–1915). Préface de Walter D. Mignolo. Postface de Michel Hector. Port-au-Prince: Jean Casimir, 2018. 499 p.: bibl. Written by a senior Haitian intellectual, this work is an insightful reading of Haiti’s history centered on its fi rst century as a nation. Borrowing eclectically from social science theories, Casimir depicts a popular counter-culture born out of harsh oppression when revolutionary leaders attempted to perpetuate the plantation economy and the institutions of a resilient civil society built by people disdained by the state, which failed to integrate them economically or politically. [APD]

History: The Caribbean and French Guiana: General / 139

541

Celma, Cécile. Femmes d’hier, combats d’aujourd’hui: les charbonnières du port de Fort-de-France. Fort de France: Union des Femmes de Martinique 2017. 40 p. Fascinating excursion into a littleknown occupational niche in the Caribbean: women who worked as coal stevedores in the Martinique port of Fort-de-France from late the 19th century to the 1940s, when steamships were powered by coal. Documents the charbonnières’ very rough work and their active role in Martinique early labor unions. [APD]

542

Centro Archive’s Digital Collections. New York: Center for Puerto Rican Studies at Hunter College, City University of New York (CUNY), accessed 2022. This open resource provides digitized content from the Center for Puerto Rican Studies’ extensive collections, including newspaper clippings, photographs, correspondence, and oral histories, as well as video and audio clips. Besides full-text searching capabilities, the site’s browse feature guides users to relevant content arranged under categories such as people, organizations, decades, and places. Since 1973, the Center for Puerto Rican Studies has been the leading research center and historical archive supporting the study of the Puerto Rican diaspora in the US. [LG]

543

Cordero Michel, Emilio. Obras escogidas. v. 2, Ensayos. Santo Domingo: Archivo General de la Nación, Departamento de Investigación y Divulgación, 2016. 1 v.: bibl. (Archivo de la nación; CCLIV) Compilation of articles and essays by acclaimed Dominican historian Emilio Cordero Michel (1929–2018). The essays included in this volume span the entire history of the Dominican Republic, including pieces from the early Spanish colonial period, the Haitian unification and abolition of slavery across Hispaniola, the Restoration War (1863–65) against Spain’s annexation of the Dominican Republic, and the opposition to the Trujillo dictatorship. This is important reading for students of the history of the Dominican Republic before 1959 and the

historiographical production of Dominican historians in the 20th century. [JJPV]

544

Esclavitud y diferencia racial en el Caribe hispano. Edición de Consuelo Naranjo Orovio. Aranjuez, Spain: Ediciones Doce Calles, 2017. 298 p.: bibl., charts, ill. (Colección Antilia) An excellent edited collection on the topic of race and slavery in Caribbean history from the 17th to the 20th century. Comprising 12 individual chapters authored by the leading Spanish historians working on the topic, the contributions cover such topics as slave resistance, transatlantic slave trade, racial discourses, and the protracted process of emancipation. [MDC]

545

Ferreira, Jo-Anne Sharon. The Portuguese of Trinidad and Tobago: portrait of an ethnic minority. Revised edition. Kingston: The University of the West Indies Press, 2018. 174 p.: bibl., ill., index, maps. This new edition of Ferreira’s 1994 book examines the legacy of Portuguese immigration into Trinidad and Tobago. The fi rst major migration into the islands came after emancipation, when hundreds of laborers left Madeira and the Azores for the Caribbean. Many entered into small-scale mercantile activities once there, including the grocery, bakery, and liquor trade. But assimilation into Anglo-White society proved difficult in the early decades, owing to their linguistic and religious differences from the dominant Anglo-White culture. By the 20th century, though, most had adapted to Caribbean society, and a nostalgia for certain Portuguese cultural traits emerged. The revised edition brings many of the statistics up to 2011. [DL]

546

Fombrun, Odette Roy. SaintDomingue: anthologie d’histoire de la colonie française (1697–1804). Port-auPrince: l’Imprimerie Henri Deschamps, 2017. 2 v.: bibl. A high-school textbook by a wellknown feminist educator with excerpts from some 60 historians on colonial and early revolutionary history. [APD]

547

Franqui-Rivera, Harry. Soldiers of the nation: military service and modern Puerto Rico, 1868–1952. Lincoln: University

140 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 of Nebraska Press, 2018. 308 p.: bibl., index. (Studies in war, society and the military) Military service of Puerto Rican men is the prism through which the complex historical experience of colonialism, nationbuilding, and modernization in Puerto Rico under two metropolitan powers— Spain until 1898 and the US since then—is viewed in this provocative new study. In contrast to Spain, the US promoted political enfranchisement, education, and greater opportunities for service in the military, all of which led to long-standing political hegemony over the island territory. Beyond a venue for political enfranchisement and social mobility, military service of peasants and urban workers in the US armed forces, especially during mobilization for WWII and the Korean War, shaped people’s ideas of national identity. For the author, this was a critical step in the formation of cultural nationalism, a hallmark of the political entity known as the Estado Libre Asociado, founded in 1952 by the leadership of Partido Popular Democrático. For international relations specialist’s comment, see HLAS 75:1349. [LG]

548

García Leduc, José Manuel. ¡Personas, no cosas!: El negro, esclavitud y racismo en Puerto Rico (siglos XVI-XIX): reflexiones breves. Segunda edición aumentada. San Juan: Editorial Isla Negra Editores, 2017. 163 p.: bibl. (Colección Visiones y cegueras) In the mode of reflections, the author brings to light the historical experience of enslaved Africans and Black peoples in Puerto Rican society, where chattel slavery, introduced as early as 1510, lasted until abolition in 1873. The persistence of race discrimination comes across as an underlying theme in the volume. [LG]

549

García Leduc, José Manuel. El sistema de dotación de culto y clero en Puerto Rico bajo la dominación española (siglos XVI-XIX). Edición de José Carvajal. San Juan: Ediciones Puerto, 2014. 152 p.: bibl. (Historia) Focusing on the official tax revenue system created by the Spanish Crown in the 16th century to support the clergy in its colonial domains, this work sheds light on the fi nancial history of the Catholic

Church in Puerto Rico. Amended in 1858, this tax system lasted until 1898 when, upon taking control of Puerto Rico, the US government established the separation of Church and state. For comment on a related study by the same author, see HLAS 72:1063. [LG]

550

Généus, Jean Victor. La route jamaïcaine: une chronique des relations historiques entre Haïti et la Jamaïque. Haiti: s.n., 2014. 357 p.: bibl., index. Using diplomatic archives, private correspondence and newspapers, a Haitian career diplomat explores a range of ties between Jamaica and Haiti—the “Jamaican route” for Haitian politicians and military in exile from 19th century on, Jamaicans settling in the Haitian South, Haitian students and painters in Jamaica, and competitions between athletic teams of the two nations. [APD]

551

Gerbner, Katharine. Christian slavery: conversion and race in the Protestant Atlantic world. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2018. 280 p.: bibl., ill., index, maps. (Early American studies) Despite its reputation as a region of vice and depravity, the British Caribbean always retained a strong Protestant presence. Anglican missionaries were less successful at conversion on the islands because planters feared that religious instruction would undermine slavery’s oppressive control, and they checked the power of those who came to minister. Yet Gerbner’s study of New World conversion, particularly in the Caribbean, reveals that Protestantism worked in tandem with planter rule to stress the need for enslaved compliance. Although the seeds of abolitionism and freedom were sown in these evangelical efforts, they nevertheless also built a strong infrastructure of white supremacy. [DL]

552

Kacy, Franck. Brefs regards sur un parcours politique tumultueux: Mézance Banbuck, maire de Grand-Bourg et conseiller général de Marie-Galante (1855– 1918). (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 184/185, sept. 2019/avril 2020, p. 111–124) Political biography of a maire and conseiller général of Marie-Galante at the turn of the 20th century. Along with the

History: The Caribbean and French Guiana: General / 141 author’s study of Hubert Rousseau (see item 553) illustrates the ascent in local politics of a generation whose parents were emancipated by 1848 abolition and who joined the Socialist Party in the early 20th century. [APD]

553

Kacy, Franck. Hubert Rousseau, conseiller général de Marie-Galante et maire de Grand-Bourg (1864–1918). (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 183, mai/août 2019, p. 63–81) Political biography of a maire and conseiller général of Marie-Galante at the turn of the 20th century. Along with the study of Mézance Banbuck by the same author (see item 552), illustrates the ascent in local politics of a generation whose parents were emancipated by the 1848 abolition and who joined the Socialist Party in the early 20th century. [APD]

554

Lafleur, Gérard. Jean-Antoine AméNoël: libre de couleur de Guadeloupe (1769–1845). (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 161/162, jan./août. 2012, p. 1–75) Well-researched biography of an educated free-colored enterpreneur who lived through momentous changes and came to own one of Basse-Terre’s oldest sugarplantations, where he was a harsh master to his many slaves. Especially insightful on Amé-Noël’s enterprises, from a fleet of coastal fishing to speculation in plantations, his connections among powerful whites, patronage of indebted small planters and marriage into a mulata matriarchy. [APD]

555

Lafleur, Gérard. Basse-Terre et la mer. (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 160, sept./déc. 2016, p. 67–91) A study of the role played by the sea in the development of Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe, the oldest settlement and the administrative capital of the island to this day. Useful on 19th- and 20th-century history of Basse-Terre. [APD]

556

Lesueur, Boris. Les garnisons dans la ville. (in Habiter la ville antilloguyanaise (XVIIIe-XXIe s.): essai d’approche pluridisciplinaire. Edité par Dominique Rogers et Boris Lesueur. Paris: L’Harmattan, 2020, p. 33–56) Describes the military dimension of French Caribbean colonial cities, discussing

the extent and function of official military buildings and how officers and soldiers were part of the social fabric. [APD]

557

Lesueur, Boris. Les paradoxes de la liberté par les armes. (in Sortir de l’esclavage: Europe du Sud et Amériques (XIVe-XIXe siècle). Édité par Dominique Rogers et Boris Lesueur. Paris: CIRESC/Karthala, 2018, p. 199–220) Discusses the presence of free people of color in French colonial militias, which in wartime could extend to slaves even in regular troops, a practice systematized by the Revolution which enlisted them en masse when slavery was abolished and war waged on a large scale. Discusses how military status—and freedom—had appeal for those who bore arms in these circumstances. [APD]

558

Lesueur, Boris. Per mare et terras: les troupes coloniales sous l’Ancien régime. (in Combattre et gouverner: dynamiques de l’histoire militaire de l’époque moderne. Édité par Bertrand Fonck et Nathalie Genet-Rouffiac. Rennes, France: PUR/SHD, 2015, p. 189–208) A comprehensive and well-researched study on French colonial troops in the Ancien régime—how shifts over time in defense policy and strategy framed recruitment training, equipment, living conditions overseas, and integration into colonial society, in peace and wartime. Especially relevant for Caribbeanists is the treatment of the years 1763–92, when French islands were key to the French state and economy and numerous troops were stationed there. [APD]

559

Lesueur, Boris. Le soldat de couleur dans la société d’Ancien Régime et durant la période révolutionnaire. (in Les traites et les esclavages: perspectives historiques et contemporaines. Édité par Myriam Cottias. Paris: Karthala, 2010, p. 137–151, bibl.) General overview of French colonial authorities’ practices throughout the 18th century to recruit non-whites, primarily for local militias, but also for regular troops in wartime. [APD]

560

Livesay, Daniel. Children of uncertain fortune: mixed-race Jamaicans in Britain and the Atlantic family, 1733–1833.

142 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Williamsburg, Va.: Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture; Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2018. 411 p.: bibl., index. During the long 18th century, mixedrace Jamaicans traveled to Britain to flee colonial persecution, receive an education in the metropole, or earn a trade which they could bring back with them to the Caribbean. Livesay profi les more than 300 such migrants, assessing what their family relationships in both Jamaica and in Britain reveal about the intersections of race, slavery, and family in the Atlantic World. He argues that family belonging was critical to conceptions of race, even in the incredibly abusive locale of Jamaican slavery. However, by the early 19th century, the flexibility offered by whites to mixed-race relatives started to dissolve. [DL]

561

Louis, Abel A. Janvier Littée: Martiniquais premier député de couleur membre d’une assemblée parlementaire française (1752–1820): l’homme, son milieu social, son action politique. Paris: L’Harmattan, 2013. 220 p.: bibl., index. (Chemins de la mémoire. Série Histoire des Antilles) Based on Louis’ extensive research on Martinique free people of color (see item 562), this is a welcome biography of the fi rst Black deputy to the French revolutionary assemblies, born of a slave mother. Documents his ascent among the Black elites of Saint-Pierre and his political involvement at the onset of the Revolution, and seeks to illuminate mysteries shrouding Littée’s life. [APD]

fortune et mode de vie. Paris: L’Harmattan, 2015. 2 v. (627 p.): bibl., index. (Chemins de la mémoire. Serie Histoire des Antilles) Tapping rich notarial archives, documents three generations of free-colored merchants and shopkeepers (the latter often women) in Saint-Pierre, their networks and matrimonial alliances, and the obstacles and opportunities they faced in their social ascent. Leaves unexamined their relationship with elite white merchants and how the collapse of the transatlantic trade after 1790 impacted them. [APD]

564

Millan, Jacques. La lutte contre la lèpre en Guadeloupe de 1725 à 2007. (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 181/182, sept. 2018/avril 2019, p. 131–159) A history of leprosy and its treatment in Guadeloupe that adds a chapter to centuries of efforts to fight the disease worldwide. In 1725 lepers were fi rst deported to the Marie-Galante lazaret, and by the 1950s campaigns throughout the island helped generalize ambulatory treatment with the fi rst drug effective against leprosy. [APD]

565

Louis, Abel A. Les libres de couleur en Martinique. Paris: L’Harmattan, 2012. 3 v.: ill., maps. (Historiques. Série travaux) Erudite study of Martinique free people of color. Shows that in spite of persistent discrimination and a legally precarious status, they came to outnumber whites, began economic and social ascent during the Ancien régime, and in the early 19th century gained access to education and land ownership. [APD]

Mioche, Philippe. Histoire du chemin de fer sucrier de Beauport, 1863–1990. (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 165, mai./août 2013, p. 3–73) Superb study of the railroad that supplied cane to the powerful Beauport sugar-mill (see HLAS 60:2006) and carried out sugar and rum. Combines a general overview with a wealth of technical and fi nancial data on: (1) initial design of the rail network and extension as Beauport absorbed other sugar-mills in Northern Grande-Terre; (2) three generations of equipment and the fi rms that supplied tracks, locomotives, and freight cars; and (3) costs of purchases and maintenance, sources of credit and management policy over several production cycles. While locating Beauport’s “sugar railroad” history within the larger narrative of the 19th-century revolution in the sugar-industry, also shows what the Beauport railroad meant for Guadeloupe’s 20th-century sugar culture when Hurricane Hugo destroyed it In 1989. [APD]

563

566

562

Louis, Abel A. Marchands et négociants de couleur à Saint-Pierre (1777–1830): milieux socioprofessionnels,

Moya Pons, Frank. El oro en la historia dominicana. Santo Domingo: Academia Dominicana de la Historia, 2016.

History: The Caribbean and French Guiana: General / 143 414, 37 p.: bibl., ill. (Academia Dominicana de la Historia; CXL) Analysis of the role that gold has played in the history of the Dominican Republic from the precolonial period to the 21st century. Moya Pons argues that the search for gold has been an important economic activity in some Dominican communities throughout its colonial and republican history, although the historiography has mostly neglected its study. The book explores the Spanish exploitation of gold deposits using the forced labor of Tainos and other Caribbean Indigenous groups; the communal exploitation of gold deposits (mostly by poor women) in the 19th and early 20th century; the concession of mining permits to US companies and individuals starting under Trujillo; and the progressive industrialization of the gold mining process, its nationalization, and its considerable environmental costs. [JJPV]

567

Mulcahy, Matthew and Stuart Schwartz. Nature’s battalions: insects as agricultural pests in the early modern Caribbean. (William Mary Q., 75:3, July 2018, p. 433–464) Mosquitos imposed the greatest physical damage on humans in the Caribbean, but Mulcahy and Schwartz uncover just how destructive insects were in general to the region. Infestations could produce catastrophic fi nancial results for planters operating within a sugar monoculture. At the same time, an insect blast of cacao plants was critical to the wholesale adoption of sugarcane in the English Caribbean. The authors discuss the persistence of insect blights in the middle of the 18th century, which led toward a deep investigation of agricultural science. This put Caribbean planters into a wider Atlantic conversation on the emerging field of horticultural empiricism. [DL]

568

Newman, Brooke N. A dark inheritance: blood, race, and sex in colonial Jamaica. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2018. 340 p.: bibl., index. Brooke Newman investigates the notion of “blood purity” in the British Atlantic from the 17th to the 19th centuries, and its influence on conceptions of race, particularly in Jamaica. She contends that

British ideas of blood purity and subjecthood became critical to racial designations in the Caribbean. Jamaican laws were particularly influenced by the notion of blood and character being interlinked. Her book looks at a number of different ways in which these concepts developed: through legal petitions from Jamaicans of color, family dynamics within interracial households, and published tracts that satirized whites in the Caribbean for their corruptions around blood purity. For comment by political scientist, see HLAS 75:1015. [DL]

569

Newman, Simon P. Hidden in plain sight: escaped slaves in late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century Jamaica. (William Mary Q., Online OI Reader (https://oireader.wm.edu/), 2018) When enslaved Jamaicans ran away from plantations, they are typically thought to have made their way into Maroon towns. After the Maroons brokered a treaty with Jamaican officials in 1739 to retain a degree of autonomy in return for promises to return runaways, that avenue of escape narrowed significantly. In an innovative digital article, Newman traces the ways in which runaways could effectively operate within visible society and the normal economy. Large plantations reduced the familiarity that whites had with many enslaved people, and the massive demographic majority of Black people limited how well free society could employ them. Runaways, then, could operate in plain sight within both formal and informal economies on the island. This article allows users to interact with maps and images that develop Newman’s argument. There is also a journal forum on the article published in the January 2019 edition of the William and Mary Quarterly (76:1). [DL]

570

Niort, Jean-François. De l’ordonnance royale de mars 1685 à l’ordonnance locale sur la police générale des Nègres de décembre 1783: remarques sur le “Code Noir” et son évolution juridique aux Iles françaises du Vent sous l’Ancien Régime. (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 173, jan./avril 2016, p. 37–52) Excellent analysis of the royal edict known as Code Noir and its evolution throughout the Ancien régime. First issued

144 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 in 1685 for Martinique and Guadeloupe, this compendium of laws regarding slaves’ status and treatment was soon extended to Saint-Domingue, French Guiana, and other French colonies and thereafter regularly updated in instructions for newly appointed authorities. Over time, the Code Noir became more racialist and segregationist and treatment of slaves tended to fall under public authority, leading to more local regulations on the police des noirs that supplemented the Code Noir. [APD]

571

Paralitici, Ché. Historia de la lucha por la independencia de Puerto Rico: una lucha por la soberanía y la igualdad social bajo el dominio estadounidense. Río Piedras, Puerto Rico: Publicaciones Gaviota, 2017. 431 p.: appendices, bibl., ill., indexes. This well-researched work revises dominant interpretations of the independence movement in Puerto Rico from the time of the US invasion in 1898 to the present. Writing with intellectual rigor about independentismo from within a critical independentista position, the author establishes a periodization of the struggles for independence, dissects the often competing ideological rifts between advocates of nationalism and supporters of socialism within the movement, considers the role of international support as well as proindependence organizations in the diaspora, and reflects on the challenges that new social movements pose to the agenda for Puerto Rico’s political independence. A significant contribution to the modern political history of Puerto Rico. [LG]

572

La patria deportiva: (ensayos sobre historia y cultura atlética en Puerto Rico). Edición de Walter R. Bonilla y Carlos Mendoza Acevedo. Aguadilla, Puerto Rico: Editorial Arco de Plata, 2018. 337 p.: bibl., ill. (Claves de la memoria) Written by historians, sports journalists, and former athletes, the essays in this volume fi ll a gap in scholarly research on the social, cultural, and political roles of sports in Puerto Rico. From various methodological and theoretical perspectives, the contributors not only cover the popular disciplines of baseball, basketball, and boxing, but also explore key issues in the practice of organized sports and physical education

programs, such as Americanization, the experience of women, and the relationship between gender and sports in Puerto Rican society. [LG]

573

Pérotin-Dumon, Anne. La grande question des Antilles françaises au début de leur historiographie moderne, 1849–1970. (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 174, mai/août 2016, p. 100–114) An incursion into the largely unexplored field of 19th-century historiography and extending into the 20th century of the French Caribbean. Revised and extended version of the article “Histoire et identité des Antilles françaises: les prémisses d’une historiographie moderne,” see HLAS 56:1849. [APD]

574

Pérotin-Dumon, Anne. L’historiographie des Antilles françaises entre 1970 et 1995, ou la mémoire d’Aimé Césaire et d’Alexis Leger. (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 180, mai/août 2018, p. 59–90) Expanded and updated version of the article “Les ancêtres d’Aimé Césaire et Alexis Leger: L’historiographie des Antilles françaises, 1970–1990.” For comment on original article, see HLAS 58:1813. [APD]

575

Pierre-Louis, Jessica. Les libres de couleur, à Basse-Pointe, au Macouba et au Prêcheur, de 1665 à 1774. (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 161/162, jan./août 2012, p. 77–102) Important research on free people of color in three rural parishes of northern Martinique using exceptionally wellpreserved birth registers. Analyzes demographics, occupations, marriage strategies, and sociability of free people of color over a century—in particular “assimilated” free women of color who, after two generations, passed for whites and married nonMartiniquans despite records showing them to be quadroon. [APD]

576

Portal Movimientos Migratorios Iberoamericanos. Madrid: Subdirección General de los Archivos Estatales del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte de España, accessed 2022. A collaborative initiative between Ibero-American institutions coordinated by

History: The Caribbean and French Guiana: General / 145 the Office of National Archives of Spain’s Ministerio de Cultura, this searchable database provides free access to digitized archival documentation on Spanish migration to Latin America and the Caribbean from the late 18th century through the fi rst three decades of the 20th century. Available records for Puerto Rico consist of 355 expedientes, or the fi les of boarding permits for traveling from Spain to the Caribbean possession issued between 1797 and 1833. Mostly created by Consejo de Indias, this specific subset of documents was drawn from fonds at the Archivo General de Indias in Seville. Actively maintained, this microsite of the Portal de Archivos Españoles (PARES) has a multilingual interface. Also see HLAS 70:874. [LG]

577

Pour le pays, par le pays: le Conseil général de la Martinique 1827–2015, une institution au cœur des martiniquais. Édité par Dominique Taffin. Fort de France, Martinique: Archives départementales de la Martinique, 2015. 319 p. Surveys nearly 200 years of the island’s General Council on the eve of its replacement by a new representative Assembly in 2015. Retraces: (1) its institutional evolution from a mere consultative body to Martinique’s main executive power, overseeing the annual budget; (2) its role as center of the island’s politics after universal male suffrage was established in 1848; (3) its legacy in public works, transportation, welfare, education and cultural patrimony. Noteworthy is the balance drawn by authors of the 1946 “Départementalisation Law” which reinforced state oversight and the 1982 “Décentralisation Law” which transferred numerous areas of the Préfet’s executive authority to the General Council’s president. [APD]

578

Pourtugau, Caroline and Bruno Kissoun. Le morne Darboussier à Pointeà-Pitre: de l’habitation à la constitution de l’usine centrale, 1807–1867: l’histoire par un cimetière d’habitation. (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 166/167, sept. 2013/avril 2014, p. 5–101) A contribution to the history of Pointe-à-Pitre. Focuses on the only remaining bluff from the city’s original landscape and what this locale evokes of the early city—in a nearby cemetery, the tombs of

early builders whose descendants retained the city’s most valuable properties, and a place on the bay which was the site of a sugar plantation, then Guadeloupe’s last sugar mill and fi nally various industrial enterprises. [APD]

579

Roberts, Peter A. A response to enslavement: playing their way to virtue. Kingston: The University of the West Indies Press, 2018. 382 p.: bibl., ill., index. Peter Roberts assesses the possibility that the act of play was an essential tool in the survival of enslaved people in the British Caribbean. Planters insisted that their enslaved workers were happy, but the realities of their oppression obviously called these claims into question. Roberts acknowledges the brutality of plantation slavery, but argues that enslaved people “created an enhanced alternative reality for themselves” (p. 18) that allowed for spaces of happiness and play. Much of the analysis of this alternative reality looks at music, dance, festivities, parades, and other realms of recreation and play. Ultimately, Roberts argues, the foundations for this promotion of play during the enslaved period continued long after emancipation, with modern Caribbean societies putting heavy value on celebration, music, and sporting activities. For comment by political scientist, see HLAS 75:1017. [DL]

580

Robiou Lamarche, Sebastián. Piratas y corsarios en Puerto Rico y el Caribe. San Juan: Editorial Punto y Coma, 2018. 188 p.: ill., maps. Written in an accessible style, this work is a well-documented study of the world of pirates, corsairs, and smugglers, who played important roles in the history of European expansion into and colonization of the greater Caribbean, with a special focus on Puerto Rico. The backdrop of imperial history sets the stage for the examination of the stories and exploits of known and less well-known figures, including women pirates, who operated in Puerto Rico and throughout Caribbean from the 16th century through the early decades of the 19th century. [LG]

581

Rodríguez Beruff, Jorge. Las caras del poder: ensayos sobre estrategia, política caribeña y educación superior. San

146 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Juan: Ediciones Callejón, 2017. 253 p.: bibl. (Colección En fuga. Ensayos) Arranged under three broad themes (military strategy and power; politics in the Caribbean; and higher education), the 11 essays selected for this volume, two of them previously unpublished, provide an overarching view of the prominent social scientist’s lifelong research interests. Reflection on the different facets or expressions of power (intellectual, military, social, and political) is the unifying theme of the volume. [LG]

582

Rugemer, Edward Bartlett. Slave law and the politics of resistance in the early Atlantic world. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2018. 384 p.: bibl., index. Without any positive law on slavery, England had no legal precedents for its American colonies to follow when it came to lifelong servitude. Rugemer looks in detail at the evolution of slave law in South Carolina and Jamaica. Colonies in the greater Caribbean borrowed off one another, with Barbados setting the earliest precedent to establish rules for controlling kidnapped Africans and their offspring. Those laws evolved, though, to address persistent and successful resistance by enslaved individuals. Rugemer shows the ways in which the pulling back of state power from the law in Jamaica enabled greater forms of rebellion than in nearby South Carolina. [DL]

583

Sáez, José Luis. Presencia de los Jesuitas en el quehacer de Cuba: dos etapas y casi cuatro siglos de historia. Bogotá: Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, 2016. 1 v.: bibl., ill., index, maps. This analysis of the Jesuits in Cuba covers their fi rst presence from the 1560s through their expulsion in 1767; and then their re-establishment in 1854 until their second exit in 1961. Nearly two-thirds of the 450-page volume are supplementary appendices reproducing documents on the Jesuits’ activities in Cuba along with biographical details on clergy who served in Cuba. [MDC]

584

Sanabria, Carlos. Puerto Rican labor history, 1898–1934: revolutionary ideals and reformist politics. Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books, 2018. 147 p.: bibl., index.

Revisiting historiographical debates about the nature of the organized labor movement in Puerto Rico from the time of US occupation in 1898 through the 1930s, the author acknowledges intrinsic tensions between the radical ideas of the rank-and-fi le and the avowed reformism of the top leadership. Sanabria argues that the labor movement’s eventual alignment toward trade union reformism was deeply influenced by Samuel Gompers and the American Federation of Labor (AFL). The discussion of working-class intellectual production, particularly the popular genre of labor theater, and the detailed examination of AFL’s major role in the Puerto Rican labor movement are this work’s most significant contributions. [LG]

585

Schnakenbourg, Christian. Note sur le rapatriement des Indiens de la Guadeloupe (1861–1906). (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 160, sept./déc. 2011, p. 29–37) Valuable addition to studies of indentured workers in 19th-century Guadeloupe. Shows colonial authorities repeatedly delayed their repatriation after they had completed their term and managed to limit the number of convoys which ultimately carried back only 23 percent of the indentured workers to India—a stark contrast to repatriation from other Caribbean islands, including Martinique, which repatriated 46 percent of them. [APD]

586

Schnakenbourg, Christian. L’usine Gardel (1870–1994): histoire d’une survivante. (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 171, mai/août 2015, p. 55–112) This history of Guadeloupe’s last sugar factory complements Schakenbourg’s masterful study of Guadeloupe’s 19thand 20th-century sugar industry and is especially rich on the years 1928–94. Gardel fi rst rose to importance in the 1930s, reaching a maximum prosperity between 1946 and 1965. Competent management by successive family owners allowed Gardel to take advantage of booms in demand—from France in WWI and after WWII, and from the US after it lost Cuban sugar. A decline began in the late 1960s, when untimely investments and repeated catastrophic local droughts accompanied the rise of Guadeloupe workers’ wages and social

History: The Caribbean and French Guiana: General / 147 benefits that came with implementation of French départementalisation. Gardel’s downfall, remarks the author, was ultimately that of a colonial sugar economy made obsolete. [APD]

587

Schnakenbourg, Christian. Les usines de Petit-Canal (Duval, Clugny, XIXeXXe siècles). (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 177, mai/août 2017, p. 17–51) By a specialist of Guadeloupe’s 19th- and 20th-century sugar industry, this study of two sugar factories in Petit-Canal, north of Grande-Terre, exemplifies broader historical trends. Created in the 1840s-60s with advanced industrial technologies and supplied with sugarcane from old neighboring plantations, Clugny and Duval successfully met the challenges of increasing competition from French beet sugar and the abolition of slavery in 1848. A colonial credit bank founded in 1860 allowed them to continue investing in modern equipment and achieve record production. Yet in the end it could not prevent mounting debts that precipitated their downfall with the 1884 world economic crisis. Author also documents a considerable shift in the labor force, with Indian indentured workers in the fields deserted by former slaves. [APD]

588

Scott, Julius Sherrard. The common wind: Afro-American currents in the age of the Haitian revolution. Foreword by Marcus Rediker. London; New York: Verso, 2018. 246 p.: bibl., index, maps. Julius Scott’s widely influential dissertation was fi nally published in 2018 after more than three decades. It set a precedent for the past two generations of scholars to understand the politics and organization of enslaved peoples in the Caribbean. Scott was one of the fi rst scholars to articulate how the enslaved learned of news, spread information, and navigate complex political landscapes. Because the enslaved had a strong presence on ships, regularly carried news from multiple islands, read—or had read to them—newsprint, could sometimes operate as “masterless” people, and engaged in their own forms of espionage, they were sophisticated political actors. Scott focuses, in particular, on the shock waves of the Haitian Revolution, and the ways in which it transformed enslaved people’s sense of

themselves throughout the Caribbean, and the possibilities for their own emancipation. [DL]

589

Seveno, Caroline. Essai sur la circulation des savoirs cartographiques traitant des Antilles, XVIe-XVIIIe siècles. (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 165, mai/août 2013, p. 75–95) Stimulating essay on the continuous circulation of geographical data—legally or otherwise—between cartographers who worked in Spain, England, and France— from an early practice of stealing rough drawings by pilots included in nautical reports down to later scientific exchanges and joint expeditions. [APD]

590

Stuempfle, Stephen. Port of Spain: the construction of a Caribbean city, 1888–1962. Kingston: University of the West Indies Press, 2018. 465 p.: bibl., ill., index, maps. Steumpfle’s study of the capital of Trinidad and Tobago begins at the halfcentury celebration of emancipation, and ends at independence. Much of the book is a “landscape study” to assess how social relations were negotiated in physical spaces. At the same time, political power often played out through architecture as well. During the economic boom years of the cocoa trade, British imperialists built governmental structures meant to signal control. This continued, to a degree, with the presence of the US military during the Second World War. American servicemen built roads and bases that transformed the island. Throughout the whole period, though, locals exerted their own agency through common gardens, and vernacular architecture that pushed back against external control. [DL]

591

Vachon, André-Carl. Une petite Cadie en Martinique. Tracadie-Sheila, Canada: La Grande Marée, 2016. 137 p.: bibl., ill., indexes, maps. Little-known Martinique interlude in the continental odyssey of 6400 Frenchspeaking Acadians deported from English Canada during the Seven Years’ War. Documents the circuitous routes that brought them to Martinique with detailed tables of names for each arriving ship and a shortlived Acadian settlement in Champflore, Martinique. [APD]

148 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76

592

Vallejo, Catharina Vanderplaats de. Anacaona: la construcción de la cacica taína de Quisqueya: quinientos años de ideologización. Santo Domingo: Banco Central de la República Dominicana, 2015. 297 p.: bibl., index. (Colección del Banco Central de la República Dominicana, Departamento Cultural; 209. Serie Ciencias sociales; 35) Study of the multiple and everchanging representations of the Taino female leader Anacaona from the colonial period to the 21st century. This work emphasizes the discursive constructions within the Dominican Republic from the colonial period to the present, but there are also two chapters dedicated to depictions of Anacaona in Haitian Creole and in the English language. A fi nal chapter analyzes Anacaona’s figure in youth literature as well as musical and visual representations. The book will be useful for those interested in the historical memory of Hispaniola’s Indigenous past, and the colonial period. [JJPV]

used to produce kiln-lime out of madrepores and dried fish as fertilizer. [APD]

595

Yvon, Tristan. La production d’indigo en Guadeloupe et Martinique: XVIIeXIXe siècles: histoire et archéologie. Paris: Éditions Karthala, 2015. 200 p.: bibl., ill. (some color), index, maps (some color). (Hommes et sociétés) Drawing from written and iconographic sources as well as archeological fi ndings for 37 indigoteries, this fi rst longitudinal study of one of the earliest staples produced in the French Caribbean deepens our understanding of export-led, cyclical colonial economies and yields new fi ndings on indigoteries’ location, their equipment and processing methods, over three historical moments: a 17th-century golden age preceding the rise of sugar; a 1770 indigo boom which coincided with a drop in sugar output caused by a cane disease; and a brief late 19th-century industrial phase spurred by a search for alternatives to a declining sugar industry. [APD]

593

La voz del centro. San Juan: Fundación Voz del Centro, accessed 2022. 1 online. Hosted by media entrepreneur and historian Angel Collado Schwarz, La Voz del Centro is an independent cultural radio program featuring interviews with specialists on wide-ranging topics about the history, culture, and society of Puerto Rico and the Caribbean. The searchable digital archive of audio recordings covers the period from 2002 when the radio program fi rst aired in Puerto Rico to the present. [LG] World War II and the Caribbean. See HLAS 75:1006.

594

Yvon, Tristan. Les îlets du Petit-Culde-Sac Marin et du Grand-Cul-de-Sac Marin à la Guadeloupe, attrait économique et occupations coloniales aux XVIII et XIXe siècles. (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 163, sept./déc. 2012, p. 17–44) Imaginative research on small-scale extractive activities developed in the 18th and 19th centuries on islets in the two large bays separating Grande-Terre from BasseTerre on Guadeloupe. Archival data and archeological remains show a unique marine eco-system of coral reefs and mangrove was

EARLY COLONIAL Anuario de Estudios Americanos. See item 488.

596

Apaolaza Llorente, Dorleta. Los bandos de buen gobierno en Cuba: la norma y la práctica (1730–1830). Bilbao, Spain: Universidad del País Vasco = Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, 2016. 719 p.: bibl. (Inéditos de historia; 11) A thematic study of the various “bandos” issued in Cuba for governing the island in the 18th and 19th century. The author analyzes the “bandos” to show change in urbanization, public security, punishment, hygiene, medicine and other topics. In addition, the author reprints as documents over 300 pages of “bandos” that were issued in the 18th and 19th centuries. [MDC]

597

Bel, Martijn van den. Description des Caraïbes cannibales ou des Îles sauvages @ [sic] 1627: un routier néerlandais des Petites Antilles collationné par Hessel Gerritsz. (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 171, mai/août 2015, p. 1–53, bibl.) The section of an early 17th-century route chart covering the Dutch Lesser Antilles is made available in French with an

History: The Caribbean and French Guiana: Early Colonial / 149 expert introduction on Hessel Gerritsz, the famous cartographer, employed by both Dutch commercial companies, who made it and the sources he used. [APD]

598

Bel, Martijn van den and Lodewijk Hulsman. Le Bourg de Cayenne: une colonie néerlandaise au pied du fort Nassau (1655–1664). (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 178, sept./déc. 2017, p. 87–121, bibl.) An archeologist and an historian document a 1656 successful Dutch expedition on Île de Cayenne and the imprint left on site by the fort and “bourg” they established. Offers a good overview of the context—short-lived settlements established there by European sailors on their way to the Caribbean since the 1620s, and Dutch interest in the coast of Guiana triggered by their loss of Brazil. [APD]

599

Bel, Martijn van den and Lodewijk Hulsman. Une colonie néerlandaise sur l’Approuague au début de la deuxième moitié du XVIIe siècle. (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 164, jan./avril 2013, p. 1–15, bibl.) Joint research by an archeologist and an historian, specialists of earlier outposts on the Guiana coast, documents the founding and difficult beginnings of a Dutch settlement in the mid-17th century along the river Approuague to develop plantations and search for gold mines in French Guiana after their loss of Brazil; ended by English and French attacks. [APD]

600

Bel, Martijn van den and Lodewijk Hulsman. Le fort Orange sur la Wiapoca. (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 166/167, sept. 2013/avril 2014, p. 103–115, bibl.) Ongoing archival research by an archeologist and an historian from the Netherlands on early Dutch presence in what is today French Guiana uncovers fresh data on the 1776–77 Apricius expedition which briefly established a Dutch fort and small settlement at the mouth of the Oyapok river. [APD]

601

Burset Flores, Luis Rafael. La región centroriental: una aproximación a su historia colonial. San Juan: Editorial Luscinia C.E., 2016. 128 p.: bibl., ill., map. Focusing chiefly on questions of land, slavery, population, trade and smuggling, the Church and religious brotherhoods, the

author fi lls in a lacuna in the historiography of the partido de Caguas, the large administrative jurisdiction in central-eastern Puerto Rico, in the period from the 16th through the late 18th centuries. [LG]

602

Eagle, Marc. Chasing the avença: an investigation of illicit slave trading in Santo Domingo at the end of the Portuguese asiento period. (Slavery Abolit., 35:1, 2014, p. 99–120, bibl., table) Valuable exploration of informal connections between Portuguese and Spanish subjects during the period of the Union of the Crowns (1580–1640) through the lens of slave trading. It highlights the common interests that Portuguese and Spanish members of the mercantile community had in benefitting from the trade, while bypassing controls and taxation from both crowns. It also reveals the internal dynamics of the slave trade in Portugal, Africa, and the competing interests within the Audiencia of Santo Domingo as its members attempted to stop illicit practices. [JJPV]

603

Emergiendo del silencio: mujeres negras en la historia de Cuba. Compilación de Oilda Hevia Lanier y Daisy Rubiera Castillo. La Habana: Editorial de Ciencias Sociales, 2016. 275 p.: bibl., ill. An invaluable collection that describes the various experiences and contributions of Afro-Cuban women to Cuban history from the 19th to the 20th century. Chapters authored by the leading experts in Afro-Cuban women’s history focus on their role in urban professions, strategizing to gain their freedom, and their many contributions to anti-racist and independence movements, among other facets of their lives and experiences. [MDC]

604

Garrido Buj, Santiago. Azúcar y esclavos: las plantaciones azucareras en la Cuba colonial. Madrid: Ediciones Académicas, 2016. 482 p.: bibl., ill. (some color). A synthetic, and with over 150 images, lavishly illustrated analysis of the economic and social dimensions of the growth of the Cuban sugar plantation industry in the 19th century. The author draws upon, debates, and refi nes earlier economic studies by scholars, most notably Manuel Moreno Fraginals. In addition, he provides a detailed bibliographic essay on 19th-century travel-

150 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 ers who visited the island and recorded their impressions of sugar plantations. [MDC]

605

Hammond, Charlotte. Entangled otherness: cross-gender fabrications in the francophone Caribbean. Liverpool, England: Liverpool University Press, 2021. 258 p.: bibl., ill. (Contemporary French and francophone cultures; 55) The author draws upon archival texts of prerevolutionary Haiti, Martinique, Guadeloupe, and their diasporic communities in France to provide a multidisciplinary analysis that historicizes the impact/influence of French colonial culture on current constructions of Caribbean gender, and argues that opaque strategies of crossing-dressing, mimicry, and masquerade reflected and enabled resistance to the racialized, gendered, and patriarchal classifications of bodies that characterized Enlightenment thought during the French transatlantic slave trade. [C.E. Griffin]

606

Hulsman, Lodewijk and Martijn van den Bel. Recherches en archives sur la famille Sweerts. (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 163, sept./déc. 2012, p. 45–58, bibl.) Written by a Dutch historian who is a specialist of early Dutch outposts on the Guiana coast, this work examines notarial deeds dating from the 1650s. Drawn by a powerful sugar-planter from Pernambuco who settled in Guadeloupe, the deeds supply new data on early French Caribbean sugar production and what it owed to the knowhow and equipment imported by Dutch refugees from Brazil; other deeds concluded in Amsterdam suggest an early triangular Atlantic trade to supply slaves to the French islands. [APD]

607

Jennings, William. La prise de Cayenne en 1664: une nouvelle perspective. (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 183, mai/ août 2019, p. 1–13, bibl.) Previously unknown source provides a detailed narrative of the 1664 French taking of Cayenne from the Dutch and the early years of the fledgling settlement which grew to be French Guiana. [APD]

608

Lafleur, Gérard and Martijn van den Bel. Commerce néerlandais aux Antilles françaises lors de la création de la Compagnie des Indes Occidentales: tempora

mutantur et Nos mutamur in illis. (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 181/182, sept. 2018/ avril 2019, p. 1–39, bibl.) Letters dating from 1664–65 sent by Dutch settlers in Guadeloupe to their relatives and trade partners in Holland reveal the extent of their economic interests in the French colony and their mounting despair as England launched a new war against the United Provinces that would eventually end their maritime supremacy. [APD]

609

Maneuvrier, Christophe and Martijn van den Bel. La colonie normande de la Sinnamary en Guyane (1626–1636). (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 180, mai/août 2018, p. 37–58, bibl.) Valuable contribution to the dynamic field of early colonial Guiana. New and previously known sources document a shortlived Normand settlement at the mouth of the Sinnamary River where merchants and corsairs en route to the Caribbean had made brief stays for half a century. [APD]

610

Mira Caballos, Esteban. La gran armada colonizadora de Nicolás de Ovando, 1501–1502. Santo Domingo: Academia Dominicana de la Historia, 2014. 457 p.: bibl., ill., indexes. (Academia Dominicana de la Historia; CXXI) Study of the colonizing expedition that Governor Nicolás de Ovando commanded in Hispaniola under the orders of the Castilian crown in the aftermath of Columbus’ demise, at the beginning of the 16th century. Mira Caballos offers a detailed study of the logistics of the expedition, the crew, and the passengers, as well as their fi rst years on Hispaniola. The book includes appendices with a valuable prosopography of every identified passenger, as well as other documentary evidence. [JJPV]

611

Moscoso, Francisco. Caguas en la conquista española del siglo 16. Segunda edición revisada y aumentada. Río Piedras, Puerto Rico: Publicaciones Gaviota, 2016. 227 p.: bibl., ill., maps (1 color), portraits. Based on archival sources and specialized literature, this is a revised and substantially enlarged version of a work originally published in 1998 focusing on Taíno cacique Caguax (Caguas in modern Spanish spelling) and the fate of his chiefdom and its people in early16th-century Puerto Rico. The work

History: The Caribbean and French Guiana: Early Colonial / 151 sheds light on the role of female caciques in Taíno society within the Greater Caribbean and the Bahamas Islands. [LG]

612

Ponce Vázquez, Juan José. Islanders and empire: smuggling and political defiance in Hispaniola, 1580–1690. Cambridge, UK; New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2020. 325 p.: bibl., index. (Cambridge Latin American studies) The product of meticulous archival research across several colonial repositories, this study positions Hispaniola at the very center of a set of questions about Spanish imperial rule, economic modalities of the 17th century, and the politics of colonial subjecthood in the Americas. Ponce Vázquez narrates an extraordinarily compelling story of the lived experiences of various residents of what has most often been considered the periphery of empire. Yet what the book conveys so forcefully is that it was this very periphery that defi ned the contours of imperial institutional rule. Moreover, by focusing on individuals from the most elite members of the Audencia to the marginalized enslaved working in and beyond the settlement of Santo Domingo, Ponce Vázquez demonstrates how inhabitants of the island reformulated imperial policy through their own resistance, evasion, and negotiation. In using the various manifestations, interpretations, and engagements of smuggling across the century as the conceptual center of the work, Ponce Vázquez engages with the recent historiographical movement toward the transimperial forces that shaped the Atlantic world, although his focus is on the much less studied 17th century. By situating “extralegal trade at the center of the Hispaniola human landscape,” the work explains how the practice “defi ned early modern Atlantic empires” while keeping in direct focus the lives most directly impacted in the colony—no small feat for a place and period about which a large percentage of the historical documentation has been lost (p. 16). The book brings alive many fascinating examples of lives on the periphery of empire and commerce. For example, one Santo Domingo elite called Rodrigo Pimentel not only makes multiple appearances, but merits his own chapter. As a “prime mover of all machinations” Pimentel provides an extraordinary glimpse into

how smuggling networks were made and unmade in the face of Crown disapproval, the powerful patronage networks that controlled the colonial Audencia and so many decisions of governance, and the interactions between military and commercial elite that dictated the sociopolitical patterns of life for all residents of Hispaniola (p. 173). In addition to the ways that the work significantly recenters Hispaniola in debates about colonial governance, it also makes important interventions in Dominican historiography. As a central element in the history of the 17th century, the depopulations or devastaciones that were brutally infl icted on the island in a crown effort to end smuggling have become a dominant and perhaps overwhelming origin story as “the key traumatic event in the nation’s foundational myth” (p. 101 fn 4). This manner of narrating the depopulations—divorced from their larger history across the Spanish Empire and reliant on some of the histories written in the events’ immediate aftermath—has obscured equally important narratives of resistance and allowed for the flourishing of a version of events that pins the blame for the colony’s deviant and uncivilized behavior on a mestizo and mulatto fringe. Within the historiography of both Hispaniola and the colonial Americas, the work is an important contribution to a number of debates about the nature of colonial rule, 17th-century life in the Spanish Empire and borderlands, economic modalities of power, and the transimperial nature of the early Atlantic world as it highlights the island as “an Atlantic center in its own right” (p. 1). [ESM]

613

Ponce Vázquez, Juan José. Unequal partners in crime: masters, slaves and free people of color in Santo Domingo, c. 1600–1650. (Slavery Abolit., 37:4, 2016, p. 704–723) In this article centered in early 17thcentury Santo Domingo, Ponce Vázquez analyzes the “unique relationship of people of African descent, both enslaved and free, and their white masters, patrons and associates” and “argues that in the decades following the collapse of the plantation economy . . . the relation between masters and slaves—and to a certain degree free people of color—began a slow transformation that permitted and encouraged much

152 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 closer interaction between Spanish colonists and their enslaved individuals” (p. 705). Using evidence drawn from multiple detailed cases in which the enslaved were used as protagonists in social and political disputes between elites—from physical attacks to more underhanded intrigues—the article facilitates “a more complex and diverse view of the Caribbean during this foundational period of race relations in the region, revealing it as a place where slavery morphed constantly according to local circumstances, and not always in the direction of the iconic Caribbean slave societies of the late eighteenth century” (p. 706). However, what these richly illustrated examples also show is the increasing anxiety of the Spanish elite over these closer ties and shifting racial relations and the ways they sought to assert their social and political dominance. As Ponce Vázquez demonstrates, as “a society in transition from a plantation slave society to a Spanish borderland,” (p. 718) Santo Domingo in the early 1600s offers a rich field for understanding the shifts toward postplantation economies, more nuanced depictions of agency among the enslaved, and the complex and evolving racial relations of the early colonial period. [ESM]

614

Rabell, Carmen. La isla de Puerto Rico se la lleva el holandés: discurso de Don Francisco Dávila y Lugo al Rey Felipe IV (1630). San Juan: Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña, 2016. 216 p.: bibl., ill. Transcription and analysis of rhetorical and narrative devices deployed in captivating document written in 1630 by Francisco Dávila y Lugo to King Philip IV of Spain, advocating for defense and administrative reforms in Puerto Rico, then a colonial possession threatened by the Dutch. Spanish-born writer and novelist, Francisco Dávila y Lugo (variously known as Francisco de Lugo y Dávila and as Francisco de Avila y Lugo) is reportedly the fi rst author of the Golden Age to have migrated to and settled in the Indies. A resident of Puerto Rico from 1620 to 1629, the indiano Franciso Dávila y Lugo was a member of the local elite and served the Spanish court in various roles, including informant to Philip IV. [LG]

615

Rocklin, Alexander. The regulation of religion and the making of Hinduism in colonial Trinidad. Chapel Hill: Univer-

sity of North Carolina Press, 2019. 310 p.: bibl., index. The author analyzes and examines the role of religion in the lives of Indian indentured servants who struggled for autonomy and self-rule in colonial Trinidad and Tobago. The author also presents an overview of many practices that challenged religious and racial norms during the colonial era. [C.E. Griffin]

616

Santo Domingo (Spanish colony). Real Audiencia. Cartas de la Real Audiencia de Santo Domingo, 1575–1578. Edición de Genaro Rodríguez Morel. Santo Domingo: Archivo General de la Nación, 2015. 379 p.: indexes. (Archivo General de la Nación; CCXXXI) This is the third installment of this collection of primary sources from the Archivo General de Indias (AGI) in Sevilla, Spain. The fi rst two gathered documents from 1530 to 1546 and 1547–1575. This volume continues the purpose of its predecessors in making available for a wider audience the correspondence from the Audiencia of Santo Domingo, the main court of appeals for the island of Hispaniola and a good part of the Spanish Caribbean possessions. The documents contained here come from AGI, Gobierno, Santo Domingo, bundle 50, from Ramo II, N. 41 to bundle 51, Ramo II, N. 31. This is an indispensable contribution for researchers and students interested in the history of Hispaniola and the Caribbean in the late 16th century. See also HLAS 70:894 and item 617. [JJPV]

617

Santo Domingo (Spanish colony). Real Audiencia. Cartas de la Real Audiencia de Santo Domingo, 1578–1587. Edición de Genaro Rodríguez Morel. Santo Domingo: Archivo General de la Nación, 2017. 444 p. (Archivo General de la Nación; CCXCIX) This is the fourth installment of this collection of primary sources from the Archivo General de Indias (AGI) in Sevilla, Spain. The fi rst three gathered documents from 1530 to 1546, 1547–1575, and 1578 to 1587. This volume continues the purpose of its predecessors in making available for a wider audience the correspondence from the Audiencia of Santo Domingo, the main court of appeals for the island of Hispaniola

History: The Caribbean and French Guiana: Early Colonial / 153 and a good many of the Spanish Caribbean possessions. The documents contained here come from AGI, Gobierno, Santo Domingo bundle 51, from Ramo II to Ramo X, with documents N. 32 to 99. This is an indispensable contribution for researchers and students interested in the history of Hispaniola and the Caribbean in the late 16th century. See also HLAS 70:894 and item 616. [JJPV]

618

Schmitt, Casey. Centering Spanish Jamaica: regional competition, informal trade, and the English invasion, 1620–62. (William Mary Q., 76:4, Oct. 2019, p. 697–726, map) England’s conquest of Jamaica from the Spanish in 1655 has long been seen as pivotal to the transformation of British fortunes in the region. Why, though, did the Spanish fail to wrest it back? Schmitt provides a deeply researched account of the informal trade networks between the Spanish and English in the period before 1655 to offer a potential answer. Spain’s neglect of the island, compounded by the complicated claims to it from the descendants of Christopher Columbus, impeded early development. Informal and secretive trading between multiple European groups meant, though, that Spanish Jamaica could nevertheless take part in the regional economy. When England took the island, Schmitt argues, Spanish officials in the Caribbean felt confident that the informal trade would continue—and perhaps even increase under more ambitious English governance—and therefore dampened any enthusiasm for a reconquest. [DL]

619

Segreo Ricardo, Rigoberto. La Iglesia en los orígenes de la cultura cubana. La Habana: Editorial de Ciencias Sociales, 2016. 295 p.: bibl. (Ciencias sociales) A synthetic history of the Catholic Church in Cuba from the 15th to the 18th centuries that draws upon published secondary literature on the topic. The author accounts for how the Catholic Church served to consolidate colonial rule, but also incorporate colonized subjects into the governing belief systems, often through a hegemonic framework. In particular, the author notes the slowly emerging Cuban Creole identity as expressed through local religious devotion and practice and concludes with a

discussion of Bishop Morell y Santa Cruz’s defense of Havana against the British occupation. [MDC]

620

Shaw, Jenny. Birth and initiation on the Peers plantation: the problem of creolization in seventeenthcentury Barbados. (Slavery Abolit., 39:2, 2018, p. 290–314) By uncovering the lives and families of Susannah Mingo and Elizabeth Ashcroft, Shaw documents the reality of cultural adaptation in the early English Caribbean. Mingo and Ashcroft were enslaved on the Peers plantation of Barbados. Unlike many other enslaved Barbadians, the two women and their families were baptized. Shaw debates the possibilities of what this baptism might have meant for them as Africans: did they accept it without reservation, combine it with their own traditions to form a syncretic religious practice, or incorporate it into older ways of thinking? The ritual certainly would have signified a step closer to freedom, though it appears that undertaking it was not voluntary for them. Shaw ultimately concludes that creolization in 17thcentury Barbados was not a singular, nor unidirectional phenomenon, but rather the result of a complex intersection of forces, traditions, and events (both voluntary and involuntary). [DL]

621

SlaveVoyages: trans-atlantic slave trade database Houston, Tex.: Rice University, accessed 2022. 1 online. An open resource developed collaboratively by an international group of scholars, SlaveVoyages: Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade database is a searchable single, standardized dataset of transatlantic slave voyage records sourced from archives and repositories in Europe, Africa, and the Americas. The SlaveVoyages site also includes the IntraAmerican Slave Trade Database and the People of the African Slave Trade Database. The former highlights the important role of Spanish American territories, particularly the Caribbean, in the history of chattel slavery in the Americas. To date, available records for Puerto Rico provide information about 271 slave voyages from 1698 to 1834. Supplementary resources for educators, including lesson plans, maps, images, and

154 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 timelines, are provided. Multilingual user interface. [LG]

622

The Spanish Caribbean and the Atlantic world in the long sixteenth century. Edited and with an introduction by Ida Altman and David Wheat. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2019. 301 p.: bibl., index. Filling a gap in Anglophone historiography of the early Spanish Caribbean, the essays in this volume portray the region as the complex and vibrant crucible in which key historical transformations associated with the formation of the modern Atlantic world were forged. The contributors address topics as diverse as religious conversion, slave trafficking, trade networks, the role of elite Spanish women, disease, and the environment. The chapter specifically dedicated to Puerto Rico examines the Revolt of Agüeybaná II in 1510, a case study in which local Indigenous resistance to Spanish colonization drew support from Native allies from neighboring Caribbean islands. A glossary of terms in Spanish graces the volume. [LG]

623

Vega, Bernardo. La derrota de los ingleses en Santo Domingo, 1655. Aranjuez, Madrid: Doce Calles, 2013. 124 p., 34 unnumbered pages of plates: bibl., ill. (chiefly color), color maps. (Colección Antilia) Detailed account of the 1655 English attack on Santo Domingo using both English and Spanish sources. The volume analyzes the reasons behind the failed assault even though the English were overwhelmingly superior in number to the Spanish defenders. It also considers Francis Drake’s earlier attack in 1586, a successful precedent in England’s consideration of Santo Domingo as a worthy objective to realize Oliver Cromwell’s Western Design. Also issued under slightly different title by the Academia Dominicana de la Historia. See item 624 for full bibliographic details. [JJPV]

624

Vega, Bernardo. La derrota de Penn y Venables en Santo Domingo, 1655. Santo Domingo: Academia Dominicana de la Historia, 2013. 149 p.: ill.(some color), maps (some color). (Academia Dominicana de la Historia; 110) Detailed account of the 1655 English attack on Santo Domingo using both

English and Spanish sources. The volume analyzes the reasons behind the failed assault even though the English were overwhelmingly superior in number to the Spanish defenders. It also considers Francis Drake’s earlier attack in 1586, a successful precedent in England’s consideration of Santo Domingo as a worthy objective to realize Oliver Cromwell’s Western Design. The publications was also issued under slightly different title by Editorial Doce Calles; see item 623 for full bibliographic details. [JJPV] LATE COLONIAL AND FRENCH REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD

625

Block, K. Jean-André. Peyssonnel: un homme des Lumières, famille et esclavage dans la Guadeloupe du XVIIIe siècle. (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 183, mai/août. 2019, p. 39–62) This study of one of Guadeloupe’s earliest “royal physicians” is a valuable addition to the dynamic field of medical history in the French Caribbean. From a prestigious family of Marseille physicians and specializing in contagious disease, Peyssonnel created a lazaret in Marie-Galante where Guadeloupe lepers were forcibly relocated— a decision ill-accepted locally that cut short a promising career and condemned him to an obscure life thereafter. [APD] Burset Flores, Luis Rafael. La región centroriental: una aproximación a su historia colonial. See item 601.

626

Cabrera Prieto, Gerardo. Documentos para la historia colonial de la República Dominicana. Compilación e introducción por Gerardo Cabrera Prieto. Santo Domingo: Archivo General de la Nación, 2015. 384 p.: bibl., index, tables. (Archivo General de la Nación; CCXLVI) Compilation of primary sources housed in the Archivo Nacional de la Habana (Cuba) produced in Santo Domingo. Chronologically, the documents span from the late 18th century (with some exceptions from the fi rst half of the century) to the 19th century. Many of the documents deal with topics of interest for both Hispaniola and Cuba during this period, including migration, commerce, threats of invasion, revolution, the period of Spanish annexation

History: The Caribbean and French Guiana: Late Colonial and French Revolutionary Period / 155 of the Dominican Republic, and the War of Restoration. Scholars and students of this period will fi nd this volume very useful. [JJPV]

627

Candlin, Kit. The role of the enslaved in the “Fedon Rebellion” of 1795. (Slavery Abolit., 39:4, 2018, p. 685–707) Over an 18-month period, revolutionaries of color in Grenada took up arms against their oppressors. By the end of the confl ict, more than 7000 individuals would be dead, several hundred others transported, and the island’s economy nearly ruined. Candlin follows the motivations of those who took part in the “Fedon Rebellion,” and argues for greater attention to be turned toward enslaved insurgents, rather than the free people of color often thought to be the instigators of the confl ict. The historical record is much more substantial on the activities of free revolutionaries of color. But, as Candlin shows, the majority of insurgents were enslaved. As he documents, though, the enslaved did not always fervently take up arms, and their reluctance speaks to the precise political calculations that enslaved people had to make during revolution. [DL]

628

Cheney, Paul Burton. Cul de Sac: patrimony, capitalism, and slavery in French Saint-Domingue. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2017. 264 p.: bibl., ill., index, maps. This book provides a micro-historical analysis of the relationship between class, family and capitalism in the wealthiest slave economy in the Americas—SaintDomingue (now Haiti)—by undertaking a case study of a single plantation owned by the Ferron de la Ferronnayses, a family of Breton nobles.

629

Cormack, William S. Patriots, royalists, and terrorists in the West Indies: the French Revolution in Martinique and Guadeloupe, 1789–1802. Toronto, Canada; Buffalo, N.Y.: University of Toronto Press, 2019. 390 p.: bibl., ill., index, maps. This study describes the political struggle that put “patriots” and “aristocrats”—and at a later date, republicans and royalists—in opposition to one another in a French Eastern Caribbean naval station. Argues that effects of the French

revolutionary dynamic on colonial upheavals should not be underestimated. [APD]

630

Curry, Christopher. Freedom and resistance: a social history of Black loyalists in the Bahamas. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2017. 256 p.: bibl., ill., maps. This book analyzes the ways in which Black loyalists transplanted to the Bahamas (as well as Jamaica and Nova Scotia) dynamically refashioned their identities in these new territories by reinscribing traditions from their colonial experience in the US in pursuit of freedom. [C.E. Griffin]

631

De Vito, Christian G. Punitive entanglements: connected histories of penal transportation, deportation, and incarceration in the Spanish Empire (1830s1898). (Int. Rev. Soc. Hist., 63:S26, Aug. 2018, p. 169–189) With a focus on Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines, this article examines punishment in the late Spanish Empire as an entangled system of coexisting, yet often conflicting penal regimes. As punitive systems, penal transportation, and deportation remained on in the overseas provinces as well as in the metropole as instruments of social and political control, thwarting the development of the modern penitentiary. [LG]

632

Deive, Carlos Esteban. Toussaint Louverture, la rebelión negra de 1791 y Santo Domingo. Santo Domingo: Editora Nacional, 2018. 361 p.: bibl., ill. A concise account of the St. Domingue-Haiti revolution as seen from neighboring Spanish colonies. Tapping the voluminous Santo Domingo series in the Archivo de Indias, the author provides useful data on Spain’s strategy qua metropolis toward French islands and its interests in a region dominated by Cuba and Jamaica. [APD]

633

Donnadieu, Jean-Louis. Dans la colonie esclavagiste française de SaintDomingue au XVIIIe siècle: une ségrégation complexe. (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 164, jan./avril 2013, p. 57–76) Insightful essay on the many ways racism and slavery jointly defi ned an individual’s status and created social impediments in 18th-century St Domingue. [APD]

156 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76

634

Donnadieu, Jean-Louis. Derrière le portrait, l’homme: Jean-Baptiste Belley, dit: Timbaze; dit; Mars; (1746?-1805). (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 170, jan./avril 2015, p. 29–54) Sophisticated genealogical research expands our knowledge of a St. Domingue Black representative in the French revolutionary Convention, his family, occupation, and extensive network of friends and obliges in the context of the rapid social ascent of free people of color and a military and political career in revolutionary France. [APD]

635

Donnadieu, Jean-Louis. Un officier français face à la Révolution outremer, les infortunes du lieutenant-colonel Jacques d’Ounous à Saint-Domingue, aux États-Unis et en Louisiane (1792–1802). (Rev. hist. armées, 265, quatrième trimestre 2011, p. 75–86) French officer sent to maintain order in St Domingue following the 1791 slave uprising in the Plaine du Nord conveys to his correspondents a sense of horror and powerlessness in front of violence which culminated in the Le Cap fi re of 1793. [APD]

636

Donnadieu, Jean-Louis. Quand le vernis craque: l’habitation d’Héricourt au Morne-Rouge (Saint-Domingue, XVIIIe siècle), de la brillante façade à la faillite annoncée. (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 184/185, sept. 2019/avril 2020, p. 63–86) Private papers document the years of growth of a rich St. Domingue sugar plantation in the 1770s up to the War of American Independence and its downfall in the 1780s as mounting debts led to the plantation’s takeover by a merchant-house. [APD]

637

Donnadieu, Jean-Louis and Philippe R. Girard. Nouveaux documents sur la vie de Toussaint Louverture. (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 166/167, sept. 2013/avril 2014, p. 117–139, bibl.) Documents recently acquired by the French National Archives throw new light on Toussaint Louverture’s early life on the Bréda plantation—a social milieu of Northern St. Domingue free people of color—his early military engagement, and shifting views on slavery, revealing a more complex personality than formerly believed. [APD]

638

Gainot, Bernard. La révolution des esclaves: Haïti, 1763–1803. Paris: Vendémiaire, 2017. 285 p.: bibl., maps. (Collection Le temps de la guerre) By bringing together French military sources and the writings of 19th-century Haitian historians and 20th-century intellectuals, this study offers a new way of looking at the slaves’ war of independence as a set of sequential wars waged between 1791 and 1803—civil, foreign, colonial, racial— within an imperial framework dating back to the Seven Years War (Indian and French wars). Author sees the powerful Governor d’Estaing of the late Ancien Régime colony being replayed in Dessalines “lieutenant général et gouverneur à vie” of Haiti, but also stresses the transformative effect of a decade of revolutionary wars that turned insurgent slaves into professional soldiers, noting “they learned the trade not in guerrilla war, but under professional officers, making the army platoon a better place to look at rather than a plantation slavegang.” Equally noteworthy is view that the 1794–98 regime established by French civil commissaries after slavery was abolished was authoritarian and paternalistic than racist. [APD]

639

Girard, Philippe R. Dessalines et l’arrestation de Toussaint Louverture. (J. Haitian Stud., 17:1, Spring 2011, p. 123–138) Stresses that the main consequence of Toussaint Louverture’ s arrest and deportation to France was the promotion of Dessalines as leader of the war of independence. [APD]

640

Girard, Philippe R. Napoléon voulaitil rétablir l’esclavage en Haïti? (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 159, mai/août 2011, p. 3–28) Important original research dispels the view that Napoléon intended to reestablish slavery when he sent the 1802 expedition to Saint-Domingue and instead approached that question pragmatically. In common with most French authorities on the ground, he gave priority to reestablishing order and work on plantations rather than reenslaving free Black cultivateurs, and aimed to avoid spurring Toussaint Louverture to seek independence. [APD]

History: The Caribbean and French Guiana: Late Colonial and French Revolutionary Period / 157

641

Girard, Philippe R. Quelle langue parlait Toussaint Louverture?: le mémoire du fort de Joux et les origines du kreyòl haïtien. (Ann. hist. sci. soc., 1, 2013, p. 109–132 map) The few original documents signed by Toussaint Louverture show he wrote a broken, largely phonetic French. Author speculates as to what this reveals about him, contrary to how he has commonly been represented. [APD]

642

Girard, Philippe R. Toussaint Louverture: a revolutionary life. New York, N.Y.: Basic Books, 2016. 340 p.: bibl., index. In this well-researched and highly readable biography, the founding father of the Haitian nation receives a balanced treatment. [APD]

643

Girard, Philippe R. and Jean-Louis Donnadieu. Mon père, ce héros: Toussaint Louverture d’après un manuscrit inédit de son fi ls Isaac. (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 181/182, sept. 2018/avril 2019, p. 51–86) A critical appraisal of recently found “Notes” on Toussaint Louverture written by his son Isaac compared with what was previously known about most well-known figure of the Haitian Revolution. Author notes that Isaac never stopped collecting fi rst-hand testimonies on his father, while spending most of his life in France and that his veneration for his father led him to omit Toussaint’s cruelty toward his enemies. [APD]

644

Laborie, Séverine. Joseph Savart (1735–1801), maître-peintre, à BasseTerre. (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 163, sept./déc. 2012, p. 1–16) Study of a French painter, Joseph Savart, working in Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe who did a pastel in 1770 that was acquired by the Victor Schoelcher Museum in Pointeà-Pitre (Guadeloupe) in 2009. Author fails to note the distinctive occupations that Savart assigned to each of the four elegant free Black women he represented. [APD]

Edward Long’s three-volume work entitled, The History of Jamaica. Published in 1774, it still provides historians with critical information about the island and its people during that period. Long was particularly racist toward enslaved Africans, and showed special disdain for the Coromantees— enslaved people of Akan ethnicity from the Gold Coast in modern Ghana—whom he blamed for insurrection on the island. Devin Leigh’s article seeks to understand how Long developed his supposed knowledge of the Coromantee, and how he used it within the emerging abolitionist movement. Long’s deep connections within the Jamaican plantocracy allowed him to gather substantial information after Tacky’s Revolt in 1761. His perception that the Coromantees were responsible for that uprising ultimately pushed him to call for a ban on importing them into Jamaica, and eventually, to create a calculated racial diatribe against Africans in his 1774 tome. [DL]

646

McKee, Helen. From violence to alliance: Maroons and white settlers in Jamaica, 1739–1795. (Slavery Abolit., 39:1, 2018, p. 27–52) The communities of escaped and formerly enslaved Jamaicans that made up the Maroon towns of the island, gained official sanction after signing a peace treaty with the British military in 1739. Less than 60 years later, however, the British waged war against the Maroons once again. McKee examines this period in between, to document how Maroons and Jamaican officials actually worked with one another before hostilities reemerged. Land disputes did cause escalations in tension, but McKee fi nds that by and large the two sides remained firmly allied. Maroons were effective in returning runaways, and there is significant evidence that they were instrumental in suppressing Tacky’s Revolt in 1760. Furthermore, McKee contends that—unlike in other areas of Caribbean marronage—Jamaica’s Maroons were more closely linked with elite whites, rather than with poor white communities. [DL]

645

Leigh, Devin. The origins of a source: Edward Long, Coromantee slave revolts and The History of Jamaica. (Slavery Abolit., 40:1, 2019, p. 295–320) One of the most important documents describing 18th-century Jamaica is

647

Palmer, Jennifer L. Intimate bonds: family and slavery in the French Atlantic. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2016. 267 p.: bibl., ill., index, maps. (Early Modern Americas)

158 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Looks at how slavery, race, and gender relations were expressed in the daily households interactions and intimacies between two white French families of La Rochelle and the slaves they had brought from St.-Domingue in 1755. Author aims to show “how intimate choices defi ned and transformed the French transatlantic empire and trade.” [APD]

648

Pérotin-Dumon, Anne. Qui étaient les premiers officiers de marine de la République aux Îles du Vent? (in Histoire navale, histoire maritime: mélanges offerts à Patrick Villiers. Textes réunis par Christian Borde et Christian Pfister. Paris: SPM, 2012, p. 193–201) A sociological analysis of the officers recruited by the young navy of the French Republic who served in Guadeloupe during the revolutionary wars. Shows most of them came from the merchant marine and knew the Caribbean well from the transatlantic trade. [APD]

649

Popkin, Jeremy D. A colonial media revolution: the press in Saint-Domingue, 1789–1793. (Americas/Washington, 75:1, Jan. 2018, p. 3–25) This article examines the SaintDomingue media explosion during the Revolution. It shows that periodicals, which were directed at the white minority, were cautious about dealing with new “rights” and about reporting on violence, be it among whites or in the suppression of slave uprisings, while, for developments in France, the same periodicals relied on irregular maritime communications. The article also examines the fi nancial management of colonial newspapers and the political careers of journalists who, after 1792, voiced criticism of French colonial policy. [APD]

650

Porcher, Kevin. La piraterie en Guadeloupe dans les années 1720. (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 183, mai/août. 2019, p. 15–38) Porchers’ article offers new research on last years of early Caribbean piracy as experienced in Guadeloupe. He distinguishes attacks by English pirates based on Providence Island (today Providencia, Colombia) from French ones of the Atlantic seaboard, targeting merchants loaded with sugar and from small-scale local piracy preying on

coastal traffic. The study escribes a parallel economy generated by piracy with its demand and supply sides. [APD]

651

Radburn, Nicholas and Justin Roberts. Gold versus life: Jobbing gangs and British Caribbean slavery. (William Mary Q., 76:2, April 2019, p. 223–256) Jobbing gangs were enslaved individuals hired out to plantations, in particular to dig the holes for sugarcane farming. As Radburn and Roberts argue, there has been little systematic attention to their work in the histories of plantation slavery. Over the course of the 18th century, jobbing gangs became crucial to the running of estates, because they performed some of the most backbreaking work that planters did not wish their own enslaved workers to undertake. Especially as the value of imported Africans increased, planters sought to preserve the health of their own workers and employed, instead, jobbing gangs. This article goes into incredible detail on their lives, work, and effects on the Caribbean economy. It also profi les a number of free people who ran the jobbing gangs. [DL]

652

Rey, Terry. The priest and the prophetess: Abbé Ouvière, Romaine Rivière, and the revolutionary Atlantic world. New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, 2017. 330 p.: bibl., ill., index. Original and well-researched study on the religious dimension of the Haitian revolution in South-West Saint-Domingue where from 1791 on, whites and free people of color suffered devastating raids on their plantations and were besieged in their towns by slave insurgents. The emergence of Romain Rivière the “prophetess” as their most powerful leader, his origins, and revolutionary beliefs—slaves’ right to freedom coupled with an attachment to the king of France— are carefully delineated. Complex negotiations between Rivière and negotiator sent by plantation-owners illuminates the fascinating figure of French priest Abbé Ouvière and the political role played by some Catholic priests in 1791–92 insurgencies. [APD]

653

Ronsseray, Céline. Entre ancien régime et révolution: la Guyane française au moment de l’introduction du code civil. (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 148, sept./déc. 2007, p. 43–63)

History: The Caribbean and French Guiana: Late Colonial and French Revolutionary Period / 159 Ronsseray focuses on Victor Hugues’ governorship in French Guiana, 1800–1809. A man of the Revolution, the author shows he managed the colony efficiently under difficult conditions, resorting to methods close to those of the colonial adminstrators of the Ancien Régime. [APD]

654

Rosario Rivera, Raquel. La presencia haitiana en Puerto Rico, siglo XIX (1791–1850). San Juan: Dra. Raquel Rosario Rivera, 2015. 208 p.: appendices, bibl., ill. (some color), maps (some color), portraits. Extant archival records demonstrate that 1,107 individuals (from slaves and slaveowning hacendados to growers, artisans, and skilled laborers) migrated from revolutionary Haiti to settle permanently in Puerto Rico, particularly in the south-western region. Analysis of their demographic, racial, socioeconomic characteristics and legal status reveals that slaves and people of mixed racial background accounted for the majority (40 and 20 percent respectively) of this migration. Occuring in cycles over several decades, the author suggests that migration from Haiti had a significant impact on 19th-century Puerto Rican society. The volume contains extensive appendices, including detailed lists of migrants, relevant archival sources of information on identified individuals, and a chronology of key events. [LG]

655

Rossignol, Bernadette and Philippe Rossignol. Une immigration réussie en Guyane au XVIIIe siècle: les Guadeloupéenss. (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 175/176, sept. 2016/avril 2017, p. 3–91) This study examines the forgotten case of the emigration of poor whites to French Guiana in the 1760s. Left with exhausted lands or none at all, more than 100 of them tried their luck on a new frontier, with only a few slaves and their own experience as assets. Sophisticated genealogical research allows authors to describe and analyze their society. [APD]

656

Ryden, David Beck. Manumission in late eighteenth-century Jamaica. (NWIG, 92, 2018, p. 211–244) Ryden follows the manumission of nearly 500 enslaved Jamaicans in the 1770s to examine both the history of emancipa-

tion on the island, as well as to assess the growth of the colony’s free population of color. In most cases, money was paid for the manumission, and they were almost universally put to immediate effect. Ryden fi nds that manumission was much more common in cities than in rural areas, and that Jamaica had comparable rates to other locations in the Atlantic basin. Rarely did enslaved people purchase themselves; more often the children of white fathers were the beneficiaries of this practice. The article goes into detail about the various characteristics of manumission made from this large sample. [DL]

657

Schnakenbourg, Christian. La Guadeloupe pendant la première administration britannique: le mémoire du gouverneur Dalrymple du 16 février 1762. (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 174, mai/août. 2016, p. 51–72) Original text and French translation of a 15-page memo directed to the King of England by the new governor of Guadeloupe following the island’s surrender to the British in 1759. Describes the situation he found and lays out plans to run and develop the newly acquired territory. [APD]

658

Schneider, Elena Andrea. The occupation of Havana: war, trade, and slavery in the Atlantic world. Williamsburg, Va.: Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture; Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2018. 335 p., 8 unnumbered pages of plates: bibl., ill. (some color), index, maps. In 1762, British troops occupied Havana at the closing stages of the Seven Years War. Although the Cuban occupation was short lived, Schneider argues that its impact was long lasting. Her portrait of the occupation looks both forward and backward in time to demonstrate the informal and formal connections between Cuba and other imperial regimes, before and after 1762. This was true not only of trade networks, but also of enslaved communities, which reached back and forth between Cuba and neighboring islands like Jamaica. Moreover, the arrival of British traders into Havana precipitated a reevaluation of Spanish imperialism that would move Latin America closer to the economic strategies of its impe-

160 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 rial neighbors, which had tremendous consequences for enslaved peoples in Cuba. [DL]

659

Sellick, Gary. Black skin, red coats: the Carolina corps and nationalism in the revolutionary British Caribbean. (Slavery Abolit., 39:3, 2018, p. 459–478) The British Army depended upon Black troops for protecting Caribbean spaces. For most of its colonial history, Britain did little to attend to these troops, or to acknowledge them to any significant degree. Sellick examines the Carolina Corps at the end of the 18th century. He shows the ways in which Black military service in the region formed a critical new space of civic belonging. This was even recognized by the regiment’s officer, who appealed to have pensions set up for those who aged out of service. [DL]

660

Sweeney, Shauna. Market marronage: fugitive women and the internal marketing system in Jamaica, 1781–1834. (William Mary Q., 76:2, April 2019, p. 197–222) Often the fate of enslaved runaways is unknown unless they were recaptured. The presence of Maroon communities in Jamaica also made it easy for some to disappear from official records. However, Sweeney follows the faint trails of many fugitive women into Jamaican markets, both formal and informal. Although “higgling” in Jamaica is usually associated with free people, Sweeney demonstrates that many higglers were actually enslaved runaways, operating in both city centers, as well as along coastal marketplaces. They were particularly successful because of Jamaica’s informal trading economy, built upon enslaved production from their own plots of land. This article demonstrates a much more extensive network of possibilities for runaways, as well as their key role in colonial society. [DL]

661

Turner, Grace. Honoring ancestors in sacred space: the archaeology of an eighteenth-century African-Bahamian cemetery. Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 2017. 180 p.: bibl., ill., index, maps. (Florida Museum of Natural History: Ripley P. Bullen series) Cemeteries provide crucial information on the genealogical and cultural traditions of local communities. Through an in-

depth examination of the burial grounds in St. Matthew’s Parish outside Nassau, Turner uncovers not only how enslaved Bahamians buried their relatives, but also how they continued to commemorate them. Turner traces the multiple West African traditions that went into these funerary practices, as well as the ongoing celebration of ancestors through these rituals. [DL]

662

Ward, J.R. The amelioration of British West Indian slavery: anthropometric evidence. (Econ. Hist. Rev., 71:4, Nov. 2018, p. 1199–1226) Much debate has emerged about the degree to which amelioration at the end of the 18th century actually helped enslaved people. Ward examines plantation data that documents the heights and ages of enslaved people during this period, as well as their nutritional subsidies. From this dataset, Ward argues that amelioration did improve the heights, and thus the health, of enslaved people. [DL]

663

Webber, Oscar. An intolerance of idleness: British disaster “relief” in the Caribbean, 1831–1907. (NWIG, 93, 2019, p. 201–230) The Caribbean economy under British imperialism was constantly under disaster mitigation, owing to hurricanes, earthquakes, infestations, and other occurrences. During the period of slavery, revolutions and uprisings were added to the disruptions. Oscar Webber argues that the postemancipation period did not look radically different from that under slavery when it came to British responses to Caribbean disasters. Indeed, disaster and social unrest often accompanied one another both before and after 1834. As Webber shows, discourses about “idleness” in colonial populations after a major event precipitated strong crackdowns on labor demands and reform. These efforts also worked to shore up the power of the planter elite even decades after emancipation. [DL] 19TH CENTURY

664

Abreu Cardet, José Miguel and Elia Sintes Gómez. La gran indignación: Santiago de los Caballeros 24 de febrero de 1863 (documentos y análisis). Santo Domingo: Archivo General de la Nación, 2015.

History: The Caribbean and French Guiana: 19th Century / 161 524 p.: bibl., ill., index. (Archivo General de la Nación; 242) Brief summary analysis of the 1863 revolt during the Spanish reoccupation of the Dominican Republic to contextualize the transcription of documents on the event housed at the Archivo General de la Nación in Santo Domingo, which were originally in the Archivo General de Indias in Seville. [MDC]

665

Adélaïde-Merlande, Jacques. Lettres de l’Abbé Dugoujon, un prêtre antiesclavagiste. (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 159, mai/août. 2011, p. 53–59) Biographical vignette of a distinguished liberal priest sent to Guadeloupe in the 1840s to promote ministry to the slaves. Specifically, the study analyzes his letters which descibe the contempt, cruelty, and neglect toward slaves by whites imbued with color-prejudice. [APD]

666

Argentina y Cuba frente al 98 cubano: miradas cruzadas en torno al advenimiento del nuevo siglo nuestroamericano. Dirección de Adriana C. Rodríguez. Textos de María Eugenia Chedrese et al. Prólogo de Hugo Biagini. Buenos Aires: Ediciones F.E.P.A.I., 2017. 300 p.: bibl., ill. Excellent analysis in nine chapters by mostly Argentinian historians and literary scholars on how the Cuban War for Independence and the subsequent US occupation were covered and debated in the Argentine press. Collectively, the authors show how the Cuban situation provided the opportunity to engage in discussions over imperialism, radicalism, and national sovereignty that reflected domestic issues in Argentina. [MDC]

667

Belenus, René. Une conséquence de l’abolition de la traite des Noirs: l’expérience de Mana en Guyane. (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 180, mai/août. 2018, p. 27–36) This study describes the agricultural colony set up in the 1820s-40s in St. Laurent du Maroni, French Guiana, by Anne-Marie Javouhey, the enterprising and politically astute founder of a new missionary congregation. Paternalistically run, the colony operated with an African indentured labor force and received subsidies from the French liberal monarchy for attempting to open a new colonial frontier without slavery. [APD]

668

Bischof, Chris. Liberal subjects: elementary education and native agency in the British West Indies, c. 1834–1860. (Slavery Abolit., 40:4, 2019, p. 750–773) Even after apprenticeship ended in 1838, reformers in the British West Indies continued to insist on the centrality of education in helping the region’s Black population adapt to freedom. Bischof follows the challenges of elementary education in the West Indies as it grappled with this goal. Missionaries continued to play an important role in this instruction, but so too did Black teachers, who were relied upon, in part, because they could be paid lower wages than white teachers. The key themes for pupils under this direction were Christian values, a general sense of liberalism, and a commitment to capitalistic endeavor. Divisions over how to impart such instruction, frustrations over its slow process, and constant underfunding, ultimately led to the failure of many of these schools by the middle of the 19th century. [DL]

669

Boutin, Raymond. Deux ateliers d’esclaves en Guadeloupe au XIXème siècle. (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 173, jan./avril 2016, p. 53–61) Drawing from detailed lists of slaves and other assets which appeared in the Gazette officielle for two early 19th-century plantations, a senior historian of Guadeloupe rural society differentiates coffee from sugar plantations in their slave demographics and social relations, estate and cattle size, and number of buildings and technical equipment. [APD]

670

Cento Gómez, Elda. Del látigo y el jornal: apuntes sobre la esclavitud en el Camagüey. Camagüey, Cuba: Editorial Ácana, 2013. 97 p.: bibl. (Suma y reflejo) A brief, well-researched account of slavery during the 19th century in the province of Puerto Principe, today known as Camagüey. The study combines sources from provincial and local archives with published documents to investigate slavery thematically with a focus on demographic and structural analysis. [MDC]

671

Connolly, Jonathan. Indenture as compensation: state financing for indentured labor migration in the era of emancipation. (Slavery Abolit., 40:3, 2019, p. 448–471)

162 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Beginning in 1845, indentured servants from India began arriving in British Guiana as part of a mass emigration from South Asia to postemancipation colonies throughout the British Empire. This would substantially alter areas in the Englishspeaking Caribbean, but Connolly notes two incredibly important components of indenture and its effects on the region. First, the subsidies paid to bring over indentured Indians came from colonial tax revenues. Because formerly enslaved people paid the highest share of proportional tax, they were ultimately forced to subsidize their chief competitors on the free labor market. Second, the bringing over of so many indentured workers reinforced a failing plantation system that further delayed the economic development of the region. Connolly’s exploration of this system, and the ways in which liberal economics could join forces with labor exploitation, uncover yet more evidence of the nearly insurmountable obstacles put before postemancipation Caribbean society. [DL]

672

Dornan, Inge. “Book don’t feed our children”: nonconformist missionaries and the British and Foreign School Society in the development of elementary education in the British West Indies before and after emancipation. (Slavery Abolit., 40:1, 2019, p. 109–129) The British Foreign School Society (BFSS) was one of the earlier institutions to begin teaching in the West Indies. It gained prominence in the region by extending its connections to nonconformists undertaking educational missions in the region as well. Dornan lays out the approach of the BFSS, which ultimately had a large impact on the style of teaching in the Caribbean, particularly after emancipation in 1834. Early enthusiasm for instructing recently freed children in the traditions of British learning quickly soured into a concern that such pedagogies would not address the needs of West Indian society. Ultimately, though, Caribbean children were the most critical in instructing teachers about the paucity of their approach. [DL]

673

Dos titanes en la historia y la cultura cubanas. Coordinación de Israel Escalona Chádez y Damaris A. Torres Elers.

Santiago, Cuba: Ediciones Santiago, 2016. 407 p.: bibl., ill. A collection of brief, insightful analyses of the life and legacy of José and Antonio Maceo in the history and culture of Cuba. The volume consists of brief contributions by more than 30 authors on a wide range of topics including monuments to the Maceo brothers, their mention in fictional literature, and how such publications as Verde Olivo retold their history. [MDC]

674

Dutt, Rajeshwari. Loyal subjects at empire’s edge: Hispanics in the vision of a Belizean colonial nation, 1882–1898. (HAHR, 99:1, Feb. 2019, p. 31–59, bibl.) At the end of the 19th century, British officials worried about the strength of their Crown Colony of Belize. It had not been strongly held or administered by the British government, and it was regularly drawn into confl ict with neighboring Mexico. Dutt chronicles the trial of Manuel Jesús Castillo for treason against the state. These were undoubtedly false charges, but reveal the degree to which Britain was attempting to impose the notion of loyalty on a multiethnic Belizean community in the hopes of simplifying complex class, racial, and ethnic divisions within the colony. [DL] Escravidão e capitalismo histórico no século XIX: Cuba, Brasil e Estados Unidos. See item 233.

675

Estrade, Paul. En torno a Betances: hechos e ideas. San Juan: Ediciones Callejón, 2017. 376 p.: bibl., ill., portraits. (Colección En fuga. Ensayos) In this volume, French historian and Caribbeanist Paul Estrade presents an unrevised selection of his works, drawn mainly from lectures and published articles, examining the multifaceted life and social thought of Ramón Emeterio Betances (1827–98), the steadfast Puerto Rican abolitionist, intellectual, and revolutionary leader. In close collaboration with Puerto Rican scholar Félix Ojeda Reyes, Estrade has led an ambitious effort to locate and preserve Betances’ writings located in international repositories as well as disseminate his legacy through conferences and publications. For comments on additional works by Betances, see HLAS 66:2282 and 66:2283. [LG]

History: The Caribbean and French Guiana: 19th Century / 163

676

Fernández Mellén, Consolación. Iglesia y poder en La Habana: Juan José Díaz de Espada, un obispo ilustrado (1800– 1832). Bilbao, Spain: Universidad del País Vasco, Servicio Editorial, 2014. 357 p.: bibl., ill. (Serie de Historia medieval y moderna) An excellent and well-documented study on the neglected role of the church from an institutional perspective during the early 19th-century sugar boom. Drawing upon ecclesiastic and secular sources from Spain and Cuba, the author’s study of Bishop Espada examines reforms on the island that served to modernize the Catholic Church in accordance with the Bourbon reforms while also fostering loyalty to Spain. [MDC]

677

Gonzalez, Johnhenry. Maroon nation: a history of revolutionary Haiti. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2019. 302 p.: bibl., ill., index, maps. (Yale agrarian studies series) Discusses the emergence, in the fi rst 50 years of Haitian history, of an independent peasantry that occupied remote mountainous lands, grew subsistence crops and developed a system of barter in countless local markets, successfully resisting any intent of taxation. Author contends they were the real “revolutionary Haiti” that successfully broke away from a century-old, exportled plantation economy, despite attempts by Haitian authorities and new elites to revive it for their own profit. Drawing deftly from patchy sources, he describes the move by Haitian peasants toward a self-sufficient economy of family farms after massively deserting the coastal plantations where they had worked as slaves. [APD]

678

Graham, Aaron. Technology, slavery and the Falmouth Water Company of Jamaica, 1799–1805. (Slavery Abolit., 39:2, 2018, p. 315–332) For many years, scholars of slavery insisted that the institution was backwardfacing and regressive in its economic and technological characteristics. Aaron Graham joins the chorus of new interpretations that see Caribbean slavery as a modern economic force. He looks at the Falmouth Water Company to show how new and adaptable technologies were employed on turn-of-the-19th-century plantations. Improved water works had been an impor-

tant goal in Jamaica for decades. By 1800, though, significant investment was put in place to construct dams and hydraulic ram equipment, the plans of which came directly from British industrial processes. Moreover, as Graham demonstrates, individuals on the island were eager, rather than hesitant, to incorporate new technologies into their factories of oppression. [DL]

679

Hardy, Marie. Le déclin du café à la Martinique au XIXe siècle. (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 161/162, jan./août 2012, p. 103–121) Author reviews factors that may account for 19th-century downfall of coffee culture, once a main source of revenue for Martinique planters. The main cause was losing the French market followed by soil exhaustion and a disease affecting coffee plants. [APD]

680

Jean-Louis, Donnadieu. Il est urgent d’attendre: le regard du général Bertrand, propriétaire sucrier en Martinique sur l’abolition de l’esclavage (1837–1839). (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 180, mai/août. 2018, p. 13–25) While working toward reestablishing two large dilapidated plantations that he inherited in Martinique, a French general reflects on the island’s sugar-economy and its drawbacks. The pamphlet displays a mixture of conservatism and attachment to the revolutionary value of equality common in the decades preceding the abolition of slavery. [APD]

681

Joseph, Délide. L’etat haïtien et ses intellectuels: socio-histoire d’un engagement politique, 1801–1860. Port-auPrince: s.n., 2017. 399 p.: bibl., index. Describes the contribution of educated Haitian elites to state-building in the new Republic’s fi rst half-century. The author applies the tools of political sociology to historical data to produce a group-profi le of Haiti’s hommes instruits with individual bio-bibliographic vignettes. The study shows that their main contribution was writing laws crucial for legitimizing those in power as well as historical and literary narratives of the Haitian state that were readily embraced in school textbooks. Favorite themes were the defense of the Haitian state abroad and a review of “national problems” in edu-

164 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 cation and national integration, along with possible remedies. This study was awarded the 2015 Prix d’Histoire from the Societé Haïtienne d’Histoire, de Géographie et de Géologie. [APD]

682

Kehoe, S. Karly. Colonial collaborators: Britain and the Catholic Church in Trinidad, c. 1820–1840. (Slavery Abolit., 40:1, 2019, p. 130–146) Kehoe documents the life of Francis de Ridder in order to show the ways in which race was central to the Catholic Church in 19th-century Trinidad. As a former Spanish colony, the Church had a strong presence even after Britain took it over in 1802. Ridder was born enslaved in Demerara, but was eventually freed and ordained as a priest in Europe. When he arrived in Trinidad, he faced immediate opposition from both Church and colonial officials, who worried that he might be—as a mixed-race freeman—a potential agitator. Such racial antagonism was, Kehoe argues, critical for the Catholic Church to stay in favor with the British-Protestant state. Yet, it also destroyed the life and ministry of one of its most devout priests. [DL]

683

Kissoun, Bruno. Emmanuel Philibert: de la Grande Armée aux fortifications de Guadeloupe. (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 160, sept./dec. 2011, p. 3–19) Important study of a military engineer who was responsible for public works that left an imprint on Guadeloupe. Documents Philibert’s long career on the island after his years spent on the battlefields of the Revolutionary wars, and his achievements—the 1817 map and plan directeur of Pointe-à-Pitre and all the works he conducted aligning, draining, paving, lighting streets, building civil and military facilities and wharfs, establishing a fi re-fighters’ unit, etc. [APD]

684

Kissoun, Bruno. L’affaire Hurel: un ingénieur créole aux prises avec le gouverneur des Rotours (1827–1829). (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 164, jan./avril 2013, p. 17–55) Confl ict between Guadeloupe governor and a brilliant young—Creole—engineer sent by the French government to set up the state agency for public works exemplifies the difficulties that institutions inherited

from the Ancien régime experienced in trying to adjust to the methods of a modern state. [APD]

685

Lafleur, Gérard. Destin des “nègres de traite” en Guadeloupe. (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 180, mai/août. 2018, p. 3–11) Describes the fate of some 314 captives seized off the coast of Guadeloupe from two contraband slave-trading ships. Predominantly adolescents, they were legally free, but before joining the free-colored population, they were employed for several years in public works. [APD]

686

Lafleur, Gérard. La Guadeloupe de 1803 à 1816: de l’Empire à la Restauration. (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 172, sept./ dec. 2015, p. 1–116) Useful summary of Guadeloupe’s political history in the early decades of the 19th century through three successive regimes. [APD]

687

Lafleur, Gérard. Religion des esclaves en Guadeloupe et dépendances de 1802 à 1848. (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 159, mai/août. 2011, p. 29–52) Welcome overview of Napolean’s reestablishment of the Catholic Church in Guadeloupe following the Revolution. All available priests were called upon to serve parishes regardless of personal opinions. After 1840 some of them, encouraged by the liberal monarchy, tried to develop religious instruction and provide ministries for the slaves, with limited effects due to planter resistance. [APD]

688

Louis, Abel A. Les bourgeoisies en Martinique (1802–1852): une approche comparative. Paris: L’Harmattan, 2017. 229 p.: bibl., ill. (Chemins de la mémoire. Série histoire des Antilles) Drawing on his previous studies on the social history of 19th-century Martinique, the author attempts to delineate the island’s bourgeoisie in the first half of the century as compared to that of France. In both cases, work, matrimonial alliances, real estate, and social standing within the community emerge as a common set of characteristics and distinguishes a more enterpreneurial bourgeoisie from one satisfied with preserving its assets. The Black bourgeoisie of 19th-

History: The Caribbean and French Guiana: 19th Century / 165 century Martinique invested in education, combining intellectual and practical training, and benefitted from state scholarships for high school and to pursue medical and legal studies in French universities. [APD]

689

Louis, Abel A. Hommes en noir, femmes en blanc?: La culture des apparences à l’épreuve du système esclavagiste en Martinique (1765–1848). Paris: L’Harmattan, 2020. 325 p.: bibl., ill., index. (Chemins de la mémoire) Notarial deeds show that fashion and sophistication in clothes persistently challenged social segregation between whites and people of color—free and nonfree—who were prohibited possessions considered luxuries. [APD]

690

Louis, Abel A. Jean-Pierre Eugène Clavier: premier homme de couleur membre du Conseil colonial et de la Cour d’appel de la Martinique (1810–1863): l’homme, l’avocat, le propriétaire d’esclaves et d’habitations sucreries à l’épreuve de la zone grise. Paris: L’Harmattan, 2016. 244 p.: bibl. (Chemins de la mémoire. Série Histoire des Antilles) Well-researched study of a prominent member of the free elite people of color in 19th-century Fort-Royal, Martinique whose ascendants owned local crafts and were granted political rights by the French revolution. Back from France where he had been educated, Jean-Pierre managed to advance his lot in the 1830s-40s. The owner of slave plantations and politically conservative, he served as a judge on the Martinique court of appeals and became the fi rst person of color on the colonial council during the Second Republic and Second Empire. Around the Claviers, Louis depicts a whole microcosm of notoble people of color linked by family and economic ties. [APD]

691

Louis, Abel A. Le livre et ses lecteurs en Martinique: de la fi n du Directoire à la monarchie de Juillet (1799–1848): essai d’histoire sociale et matérielle. Paris: L’Harmattan, 2018. 204 p.: bibl., charts, index. (Chemins de la mémoire. Série Histoire des Antilles) A study of the books imported from France, other European countries, and the US and read by the bourgeoisie in the small hinterland towns of Martinique in the fi rst

half of the 19th century. The contents of 55 private libraries show the enduring presence of religious topics and literary classics, and, after 1830, a growing interest in jurisprudential law, a wide range of applied sciences (medical, botanical, pharmaceutical, veterinary studies, chemistry), natural history and industrial technique, in addition to history, navigation, and geography. [APD]

692

Marie-Sainte, Daniel-Édouard. Moreau, un toponyme de la commune de Goyave ou histoire insolite d’un négociant qui se fit planteur et inventeur: son projet désapprouvé de pénitencier agricole. (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 184/185, sept. 2019/ avril 2020, p. 125–182) Well-researched biography of a white Creole from Guadeloupe who tried his luck successively as merchant then as planter in the 1840s, facing an earthquake which destroyed the island’s main port-city and the abolition of slavery, which bankrupted the old sugar economy. The story of an individual who epitomizes the 19th-century planter-class. [APD]

693

Mata, Iacy Maia. Conspirações da raça de cor: escravidão, liberdade e tensões raciais em Santiago de Cuba (1864– 1881). Campinas, Brazil: Editora UNICAMP, 2015. 303 p.: bibl., ill., maps. (Coleção Várias histórias; 41) This work provides an extremely thorough and detailed analysis of the political activities of Santiago de Cuba’s population of color during the second half of the 19th century. Drawing on archival sources from Madrid, Seville, Havana, and Santiago, the author shows how political mobilization against racism was both independent from and part of Cuba’s independence movements, but she does not fall into the trap of analyzing all activity through a simplistic nationalist framework. In particular, this study presents groundbreaking research on the 1867 conspiracy with supporting appendices documenting the movement. [MDC]

694

Mauvois, Georges Bernard. Les marrons de la mer: évasions d’esclaves de la Martinique vers les îles de la Caraïbe (1833–1848). Paris: Karthala: CIRESC, 2018. 126 p.: bibl. (Esclavages documents) Combining historical imagination and a careful reading of sources, the late

166 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Mauvois, a senior historian of Martinique, looked at sea-marooning which grew after the British had abolished slavery in 1833. Martiniquan slaves, mostly rural, tried to reach neighboring English islands in rowboats, leading French authorities to establish night-surveillance of the coasts. [APD]

695

Mignot, D.A. Le premier conseil général de Guadeloupe (1827–1832). (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 161/162, jan./ août 2012, p. 123–142) Legal historian traces the timid birth of an institution that has remained vital to French Caribbean politics. The General Council was part of a new institutional framework set up by the Restoration for colonies remaining from the Ancien Régime empire. Author argues it soon exercised far more power than suggested by its officially consultative function. [APD]

696

Misas Jiménez, Rolando E. La trampa del lucro: presencia en los agrónomos de Cuba (1796–1860). Habana: Editorial de Ciencias Sociales, 2016. 244 p.: bibl. This study provides a detailed analysis of the most notable agronomists of 19th-century Cuba and their role in shaping the modernization and expansion of the plantation regime. In particular, the author devotes individual chapters to the writings of Mopox, Boldo y Estévez, Ramón la Sagra, José María Dau, and Antonio Bachiller y Morales. [MDC]

697

Morales Tejeda, Aida Liliana. El signo francés en Santiago de Cuba: espacios, ajuares y ritos de los grupos sociales privilegiados (1830–1868). Santiago, Cuba: Editorial Oriente, 2015. 330 p.: bibl., ill. (Bronce colección) This novel and innovative analysis of the well-studied French presence in 19thcentury Santiago de Cuba focuses on their material possessions. Through a detailed material culture analysis of objects owned, displayed, and utilized by Santiago’s French elite families, the author explores their daily living habits that projected their economic, social, and cultural power. [MDC]

698

Ocasio, Rafael. Afro-Cuban costumbrismo: from plantations to the slums. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2012. 230 p.: bibl., index.

Literary analysis of classic and well-known texts by 19th-century Cuban authors such as Francisco Manzano to deconstruct performative elements of AfroCuban culture. Focusing on printed texts and a detailed close reading of published accounts from a literary perspective instead of placing the texts in historical context through primary and secondary literature, the author shows how Afro-Cuban cultural forms became quintessentially Cuban ones. [MDC]

699

Oquendo Rodríguez, Elí D. A orillas del Mar Caribe: boceto histórico de la Playa de Ponce: desde sus primeros habitantes hasta principios del siglo XX. Lajas, Puerto Rico: Editorial Akelarre: Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones del Sur Oeste de Puerto Rico, 2017. 248 p.: bibl., ill. In the regional history vein, this book traces the origin and development of the iconic coastal Barrio Playa in the southern municipality of Ponce, with particular emphasis on the 19th century. Topics covered include settlement of the area, urbanization and development of fortifications and infrastructure, commerce, agriculture, and light manufacture, and everyday life. Based on archival research. [LG]

700

Petley, Christer. White fury: a Jamaican slaveholder and the age of revolution. New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, 2018. 320 p. Simon Taylor was one of the wealthiest West Indians upon his death in 1813. Christer Petley chronicles Taylor’s life, from his birth in Jamaica, to his education in England, to his role as a key planter in the British Atlantic World. Taylor’s life and fortune were built upon the enslavement of others, and when the politics of slaveholding started to transition in the last quarter of the 18th century, he became central to its defense. Petley identifies three main periods in which Taylor lashed out against the ideological and political transformations occurring around him: the American Revolution, the Haitian Revolution, and the movement to abolish the slave trade. Each of these required novel defenses from planters, but also revealed the cracks in that class’s strength. As Petley notes in his title, Taylor’s fury over the attacks on slavery were emblematic

History: The Caribbean and French Guiana: 19th Century / 167 of the declining state of Jamaican planters during a revolutionary age. [DL]

701

Picard, Jacqueline. L’immigration indienne et les désastres du SigisbertCézard. (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 179, jan./avril 2018, p. 49–65) French colonial archives and records of shipping-companies yield valuable data on indentured workers brought to Guadeloupe after slavery was abolished. Recruitment and shipment were complicated by fi nancially stretched planters who were reluctant to commit themselves to hiring “coolies” in advance. Although 43,000 indentured workers brought from India had been carefully selected, little concern was shown for the health of the 9500 repatriated after their contract expired. [APD]

702

Puerto Rican slave documents collection. New York: Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Manuscripts, Archives and Rare Books Division, The New York Public Library Digital Collections, accessed 2022. 1 online. Dating from 1867 to 1872, the 67 digitized slave registers records (padrones) in this collection provide a distinct picture of segments of the slave population in various municipalities of northern Puerto Rico in the period leading up to abolition (1873). Name, age, gender, country of origin, marital and parental status, occupation, residence, and self-purchase status (coartación) of the enslaved are key data shown in these sources. This collection complements Puerto Rico Slave Registers, 1863–79, a searchable database from FamilySearch, the international genealogy database (see item 703). [LG]

703

Puerto Rico slave registers, 1863– 1879: a FamilySearch database. Lehi, Utah: FamilySearch, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, accessed 2022. 1 online. Composed of census records drawn from repositories in Puerto Rico, including the Archivo General de Puerto Rico, this searchable database provides significant social and demographic data on both the enslaved and freed populations during the last

decades of slavery in the Caribbean nation. Full transcriptions, and in some cases digital images, of the original documents are accessible through the creation of a user’s account. For a description of a related set of documents, see 702. [LG]

704

Quiñones, Tato. Asere núncue itiá ecobio enyene abacuá: algunos documentos y apuntes para una historia de las hermandades abacuá de la ciudad de La Habana. La Habana: Editorial José Martí, 2014. 291 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Fe) The author provides an innovative and impressionistic analysis of the AfroCuban fraternal and religious organization known as Abacuá to show the vibrancy of urban life and festivities in 19th-century Havana. The chapters mix a journalistic essay account along with reprinting documents describing and investigating the activities of the Abacuá organization. [MDC]

705

Régent, Frédéric; Gilda Gonfier; and Bruno Maillard. Libres et sans fers: paroles d’esclaves français: Guadeloupe, Île Bourbon (Réunion), Martinique. Paris: Fayard, 2015. 299 p.: bibl., maps. Welcome contribution to our knowledge of 19th-century slave societies in the French islands of Guadeloupe (Caribbean) and La Réunion (Indian Ocean). Good introduction provides background for selected passages of 17 slaves’ statements mostly from court records. [APD]

706

Registro central de esclavos (Slave schedules), 1872. Record group 186: records of the Spanish governors of Puerto Rico, 1767–1880. College Park, MD: National Archives at College Park, accessed 2022. National Archives Identifier: 1476161. NARA Microform Publication T1121. An invaluable source of social and demographic information about the slave population during the year preceding the abolition of slavery in Puerto Rico (1873), the Registro central de esclavos was a census mandated by the Spanish government as part of the passage of the Moret Law ending slavery (1870). Data provided on each slave include name, age, gender, country of origin, bonds of fi liation, marital and parental status, occupation, place of residence, and

168 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 the name of the slaveholder. Reformatted from microfi lm, the digital images of the schedules are downloadable with no restrictions. [LG]

707

Rice, Donald Tunnicliff. Cast in deathless bronze: Andrew Rowan, the Spanish-American War, and the origins of American empire. Morgantown: West Virginia University Press, 2016. 370 p.: bibl., ill., index. This work presents a journalistic and engagingly written biography of US intelligence officer Andrew Summers Rowan, who served to pave the way and shape the strategy for US participation in the Cuban War for Independence. Following in the work of other scholars, Rice highlights how the US public craved stories of conspiratorial intrigue and dangerous exploits of American forces in Cuba’s War for Independence. [MDC]

708

Rivera Vélez, Carlos. El Círculo de Recreo de San Germán (1879–1898): ¿Asociación de élites o espacio rebelde y desafecto? San Germán, Puerto Rico: Academia de la Historia de San Germán: Editorial de las Indieras, 2015. 505 p.: appendices, bibl., ill. A fraternal organization mainly composed of the Creole local elite, Círculo de Recreo de San Germán was a leading exponent of liberal thought in late 19thcentury Puerto Rico. Parallel to its main cultural mission, the organization’s leadership took on the political cause, in the local arena and in Spain, protesting repression and demanding greater political freedoms for the colonial possession. A large section of appendices provides greater detail about the socioeconomic, religious, and political profi les of these members. [LG].

709

Ruiz Lapresta, Carlos and Jesús Lorente Liarte. Cuba y Filipinas: la guerra que no se podía ganar y que nunca se tenía que haber perdido. Alicante, Spain: Editorial EAS, 2016. 203 p.: bibl., ill. (some color), maps. (Biblioteca Hoplon) (Colección Grandes historias de las defensas desesperadas; 2) This study provides a detailed military history of the end of the Spanish Empire in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines as a result of the war with the US.

Utilizing military archival records from Segovia and Madrid, the author argues that political decisions in Madrid, rather than battles and tactics on the ground, brought about the result of the US victory, which serves to highlight the lack of Spanish political commitment to the war, but also minimizes local conditions in shaping the outcome of the confl ict. [MDC]

710

Salcedo Chirinos, César Augusto. Sin delitos ni pecados: clero, transgresión y masculinidades en Puerto Rico (1795–1857). Río Piedras, Puerto Rico: Publicaciones Gaviota, 2016. 239 p.: bibl. The practice of acts of transgressions from adultery to gambling by the Catholic secular clergy in the Diocese of Puerto Rico during the fi rst half of the 19th century serves as the focal point of this seminal study. More than breaching established norms of the Church, these acts of transgression denote negotiation or remaking of the imaginary of priesthood. Extant Church court records were extensively used in this work. [LG]

711

Una sociedad distinta: espacios del comercio negrero en el occidente de Cuba (1836–1866). Coordinación de María del Carmen Barcia Zequeira. Textos de Miriam Herrera Jerez, Adriam Camacho Domínguez, e Oilda Hevia Lanier. La Habana: UH Editorial, 2017. 395 p.: bibl., ill. (Ciencias sociales y humanidades) An account of the persistence of the transatlantic slave trade and the particular commercial and trading dynamics in western Cuba. Especially noteworthy is the ability of the authors to analyze the disembarking of slave trading ships at locations other than Havana and Matanzas with focus on such locations as Trinidad, Cienfuegos, and Colón. [MDC]

712

Taylor, Christopher. Empire of neglect: the West Indies in the wake of British liberalism. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2018. 307 p.: bibl. (Radical Américas) After emancipation in 1834, Britain continued to hold tight political control over its West Indian territories, but fi nancial capital largely turned away from the region. Moreover, economic liberalism pushed investors from any interest in starting new

History: The Caribbean and French Guiana: 19th Century / 169 Caribbean ventures. For most of the 19th century, then, the Caribbean was neglected by Britons. West Indian writers focused much of their attention on this neglect, trying both to court industrial interests in Britain once more, as well as soliciting economic interactions with the US as an alternative. Ultimately, this imperial neglect would produce devastating results for the region. [DL]

713

Thomas, Adam. “Outcasts from the world”: same-sex sexuality, authority, and belonging in post-emancipation Jamaica. (Slavery Abolit., 40:3, 2019, p. 423–447) In 1839, Alexander Grant came before the Cornwall Assize Court for having sexually attacked a Black worker at his home. Adam Thomas charts the social backdrop of this case, and the questions around white authority in postemancipation Jamaica. Because missionaries had lodged the accusation against Grant, the trial became a contest for moral and political control over the island. After Grant was found innocent, the missionaries themselves were attacked as attempted power usurpers. Ultimately, the trial represented the struggle over who would direct white hegemony on the island, while Black Jamaicans had virtually no say in their own oppression. The divisions apparent in the case would build over time to a fi nal decision by Westminster to take the reins of government in 1865. [DL]

714

Tomich, Dale W. Slavery in the circuit of sugar: Martinique and the world economy, 1830–1848. Second edition. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2016. 507 p.: bibl., ill. (Fernand Braudel Center studies in historical social science) New edition of a classic in historical sociology (see HLAS 54:2112) which interpreted the local history of Martinique—a sugar economy in deep crisis in the decades before the abolition of slavery (1830–48)—within the 19th-century capitalist world-economy. A new introduction and conclusion revisit the book’s original theoretical framework. [APD]

715

Trahey, Erin. Among her kinswomen: legacies of free women of color in Jamaica. (William Mary Q., 76:2, April 2019, p. 257–288.)

Through an analysis of Jamaican wills and deeds, Trahey maps out the personal and familial networks of free women of color at the turn of the 19th century. She underscores the importance of these women as property owners, not only in terms of their business dealings, but also as claimants to enslaved people. As Trahey shows, slave ownership often consisted of purchasing family members for eventual emancipation. But, the accumulated assets within these networks of free women slowly became critical to the entire Jamaican economy. Indeed, by the time of emancipation, the extent of this ownership, and the deep networks that connected families of color within it, would prove instrumental in the free economy. [DL]

716

Ulentin, Anne. Garantir leur avenir: les gens de couleur libres de SaintDomingue et l’indemnité d’indépendance de 1825. (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 173, jan./ avril 2016, p. 63–82) Valuable contribution to the history of the Saint-Domingue refugees. A critical reading of compensation files suggests various possible reasons for the low number of applications by people of color, none of whom were apparently ever compensated. [APD]

717

Vásquez Frías, Pastor. El presidente Heureaux y los gobiernos haitianos (1887–1899). Santo Domingo: Editorial Santuario, 2015. 387 p.: bibl., portraits, facsimiles. (Colección Misiones dominicanas en Haití; 3) Dominican diplomat looks at the “rapprochement” between Dominican president Heureaux and Haitian president Salomon. Owing much to a friendship between them when they were political exiles in St.Thomas, this alliance resulted in a settlement of the perennial border issue between the two countries. [APD]

718

Victorian Jamaica. Edited by Tim Barringer and Wayne Modest. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2018. 722 p.: bibl., ill., index. Although it is often thought that England turned its attention away from the Caribbean after emancipation in 1834, the colonial state continued to impose metropolitan rule and expectations onto its West Indian subjects. Victorian Jamaica presents

170 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 a number of chapters that document the island during the fi nal two-thirds of the 19th century. It includes vibrant explorations of the material culture that developed, chapters detailing the political force imposed on Jamaica after the Morant Bay Rebellion, and analyses of the ways in which African cultural roots continued to impact society and drive creolization even in the face of metropolitan interference. [DL] 20TH CENTURY

719

Alou, Felipe et al. Alou: my baseball journey. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2020. 348 p.: ill., photos, chronology. Co-written with journalist Peter Kerasotis, this autobiography of Felipe Rojas Alou, the fi rst Dominican to come from the island and play consistently in Major League Baseball (MLB), traces the player and later manager from his childhood in the Dominican Republic in the 1930s through his retirement in the mid 2000s. Infused throughout the book are various sketches from Alou’s “beyond uncanny” memory (p. 288). The book contains some real gems and is laced with engaging anecdotes and contextual stories; however, it does not shy away from Alou’s struggles as one of the fi rst Black and Latino players in the MLB, including general discrimination, housing struggles, and what he viewed as a quota system on the field. “We all suffered the same fate, only mine was a notch worse. Not only was my skin too dark, but I was also a Latino, which meant I was viewed as a little less than equal in the black communities where I spent much of my time, trying to avoid trouble.” (p. 34) At the same time, Alou’s narrative is also very forgiving, willing to see people change their attitudes and approaches over the lifetimes this book spans. For example, Giants manager Alvin Dark, who was clearly prejudiced in his treatment of players and directed not a few barbs at him directly, Alou describes in his later years as “clearly changed” and argues became “the Christian man he always aspired to be” (p. 94). As the text reminds readers, “[n]o country outside the United States produces more big-league players than the Dominican Republic—an island country that is about 5,300 square

miles smaller than West Virginia” (p. 1). This autobiographical narrative asserts the significance of those statistics to larger questions of race and culture, if gently. However, the narrative also gives context to what Sports Illustrated termed the “Latin Conquest” of baseball in 1965 and the evolution of the sport through the next several decades (p. 85). Alou recounts the careers of Juan Marichal, Roberto Clemente, Orlando Cepeda, and his brothers (Matty and Jesús), among many others, with equal detail, weight, and import. His 31-year career, which began when he was recruited by the Giants in 1956 from Ciudad Trujillo while a student at the university, spans a period of social revolution in baseball and US culture. Although the text jumps around a bit and is occasionally repetitive, it is a compelling, easy narrative. As he notes, “I have a mind that is difficult to turn off,” much to the readers’ benefit (p. 88). In the epilogue fellow MLB player and manager Bruce Bochy writes about how Alou deserves to be inducted to the Baseball Hall of Fame, arguing that “as a player [he] helped open the door to all the great Latino players we see in MLB today” and that he is the “Jackie Robinson of Latin America” (p. 289–90). Like his November 1963 manifesto in Sport Magazine (“Latin-American Ballplayers Need a Bill of Rights”) Alou’s personal, and often collective history is exemplary, entertaining, and pulls no punches. [ESM]

720

Antoine, Sherlo. Le Parlement haïtien: face à l’occupation américaine d’Haïti (1915–1917). Tabarre, Haïti: Éditions Quatre Mondes, 2018. 157 p.: bibl. (Essai) Antoine has produced an original and well-written study of constitutional history about the two-year resistance (1915–17) by the Haitian parliament to US military authorities and a president compliant to the occupiers. The study analyzes the parliament’s legal tactics as part of an incipient multi-faceted dynamic of national resistance and their ultimate defeat—when North Americans imposed the 1919 constitution—which began the legislature’s “descent into hell” in the 20th century. [APD]

721

Arboleya, Jesús. La contrarrevolución cubana en Puerto Rico y el caso de Carlos Muñiz Varela. Contribuciones

History: The Caribbean and French Guiana: 20th Century / 171 de Jesús Arboleya Cervera, Raúl Álzaga Manresa y Ricardo Fraga del Valle. Prólogo por Ricardo Alarcón de Quesada. San Juan: Ediciones Callejón, 2016. 388 p.: bibl., facsimiles, ill., index, portraits. (Colección En fuga) Taking as focal point the political assassination in 1979 of Carlos Muñiz Varela, a Cuban exile who supported Puerto Rican independence, this work offers a rigorous investigation of the actions of counterrevolutionary Cuban groups who operated on the island. Buoyed by the official stance of both local and US governments, the authors argue, Cuban exile extremists engaged in domestic political violence, furthering the repression of the Puerto Rican independence movement as a result. Research based on oral interviews and declassified records from the CIA and the FBI. [LG]

722

El ascenso de Trujillo al poder 1929– 1930. Compilación de Bernardo Vega. Nueva edición ampliada, Segunda edición. Santo Domingo: Fundación Cultural Dominicana, 2016. 1007 p.: bibl., ill., portraits. Another massive collection of primary materials from historian Bernardo Vega, this 1,000 page tome covers the two years leading to/through the seizure of power by dictator Rafael Trujillo. Originally published in 1986 as the two-volume Los Estados Unidos y Trujillo 1929–1930, the book was reissued, presumably because “little new” had been written over that 30-year span. Although the author admits that with hindsight he might have changed the methodological approach taken with the volume, minimal to no changes were made in this second edition, with the exception of the inclusion of an article he published in 1989 and the title change. Like the fi rst edition, it is focused on materials culled from the US National Archives given the country’s role as the “potencia más influyente en el acontecer politico dominicano” (p. 13) and is centered on two major questions: First, how and why did the dictatorship of Rafael Trujillo occur when it did, and, second, what was the attitude of the US government to the consolidation of power under Trujillo. The volume also contains numerous photographic and document images. The actual documents are preceded by several analytical essays by the author. [ESM]

723

Blackmore, Lisa. Collective memory and research-led fi lmmaking: spatial legacies of dictatorship in the Dominican Republic. (Pop. Comm./Mahwah, 16:2, April 2018, p. 90–105, bibl.) This article, based on the process of recording a documentary called Después de Trujillo by the author and fi lmmaker Jorge Domínguez Dubuc, undertakes two substantial but significant aims. The fi rst is to chart the terrain of Dominican memory politics in both formal sites and ruins of the regime in the wake of Trujillo. The second is to establish the practices of researchled fi lmmaking as generative of valuable scholarly output. Bridging the two is the important and yet regularly neglected connection between academic discourse around post-trauma collective memory and public debates about dictatorial pasts. Blackmore argues that while the terrain of collective memory is constantly shifting, research-led fi lmmaking holds the possibility, if viewed as a valuable scholarly product, to provoke debate, facilitate connection, and establish an agile way to capture the “stories in waiting” about traumatic pasts. [ESM]

724

Bosch, Juan. Juan Bosch: para estudiar política en República Dominicana. Santo Domingo: Ediciones Fundación Juan Bosch, 2017. 579 p. (Colección “Bosch para todos”) Compilation of different essays penned by the politician, writer, and essayist Juan Bosch. Most of these were originally published in the collection “Estudios Sociales” for the publications of Bosch political party, fi rst the Dominican Revolutionary Party (PRD in Spanish), and later for the Dominican Liberal Party (PLD). Some of the essays are reviews of the history of the Dominican Republic from the colonial period to the present, and most of them are political analyses of Dominican society from a historical materialist methodology. Important reading for those who want to get acquainted with the historiography of the Dominican Republic and the writings of 20th century Dominican political thought. [JJPV]

725

Bromberg, Shelly Jarrett. Translating diplomacy: President Juan Bosch, Ambassador John Bartlow Martin, and “The

172 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Indelible Spot.” (LARR, 53:3, 2018, p. 535– 547, bibl., graphs, tables) After his brief time as ambassador to the Dominican Republic, John Bartlow Martin wrote the detailed memoir Overtaken by Events to narrate, from his perspective, the events following the assassination of dictator Rafael Trujillo and up to the US Marine occupation of 1965. While known by modern Dominican historians, Martin’s detailed accounts, also contained in his extensive fi les at the Library of Congress, tend to escape notice. In this fascinating approach, Bromberg utilizes Martin’s notes and correspondence with former Dominican President Juan Bosch, as well as other works in each man’s oeuvre, to create context around the translation of the latter’s short story “The Indelible Spot.” The recounting of the two men’s relationship and the translation and publication of the story in the Saturday Evening Post demonstrate, in broad strokes, the diametrically opposed world views that dominated political circles in each country during this period. Arguing that this moment of (dis)connection reveals “the ideological impasse between Cold War and Caribbean discourses of culture and power,” the article also reminds readers of the rich ways that archival sources from this period can be mined for new interpretive possibilities (p. 535). [ESM]

726

Brown, Jonathan Charles. Cuba’s revolutionary world. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2017. 586 p.: bibl., index. The author provides the most detailed account to date of the ways the 1959 Cuban Revolution altered Latin American political history from the 1960s through the 1980s. The fi rst part of the volume focuses on the internal and external relations that both radicalized and consolidated the Cuban revolutionary regime. The second part examines how the Cuban Revolution set the political confl ict for Latin America as a struggle between leftist radicals and the military dictatorship. [MDC] Cambre, Maria-Carolina. The semiotics of Che Guevara: affective gateways. See HLAS 75:1815.

727

Castor, Suzy. Le massacre de 1937 et les relations haïtiano-dominicaines. 1ère. édition française. Delmas, Haïti: C3

Editions, 2017. 216 p.: bibl., charts, index. (Collection Bohio) Welcome new edition of this nuanced account of the 1937 massacre of Haitian sugar-cane workers living in the Dominican Republic. Castor recounts the tragic episode within the context of labor migrations and the world sugar crisis, a classic in Haitian contemporary history only published in Haiti after Duvalier’s downfall. [APD]

728

Castro, Fidel. Un objetivo, un pensamiento. La Habana: Editora Política, 2016. 3 v. (Colección 90 aniversario del comandante en jefe Fidel Castro Ruz) Published to commemorate Fidel Castro’s 90th birthday, this three-volume collection of lengthy extracted quotes is organized chronologically and thematically. The utility of the three volumes is that the extracted quotes running from a few sentences to several paragraphs taken from his writings, interviews, and speeches can be used to show both change and continuity in Castro’s throught on education, defense, economic policy, the Communist Party of Cuba, and other topics. [MDC]

729

Chathuant, Dominique. D’une République à l’autre: ascension et survie politique de Maurice Satineau (1891–1945). (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 178, sept./dec. 2017, p. 9–85) A recent opening of fi les of the Sûreté nationale on top political personnel prompted Chathuant, a specialist of Guadeloupe contemporary political history, to write this insightful political biography. Writing with verve and rigor, Chathuant pictures an ambitious, opportunistic and amoral man of modest origin (his father was born a slave) who began in France as a militant pro-Négritude journalist, while cultivating connections which helped his ascent. Elected députy in 1936, he supported the Popular Front but also, in 1940, Pétain (which did not prevent him from being reelected in 1946). Parliamentary immunity throughout WWII provided a convenient cover for corrupt deals that earned Candace fame as a “crook” with the police. Chathuant illuminates the murky zones and shady dealings which are strewn through Satineau’s political career and refutes the false claims he made about himself. [APD]

History: The Caribbean and French Guiana: 20th Century / 173

730

Chathuant, Dominique. Entre gauches et droites, entre Paris et Guadeloupe: polémiques autour du confl it italo-éthiopien (1935). (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 160, sept./déc. 2011, p. 39–57) A specialist of Guadeloupe politics during the Third Republic analyzes the nuanced yet critical reaction of Gratien Candace to Mussolini’s conquest of Ethiopia, belying the common assertion that he was “a traitor to his race.” Although a supporter of colonization and member of a centrist party which applauded Italian fascism, the Black MP of Guadeloupe also defended League of Nations principles in foreign policy and embraced French négritude views of Africa as the cradle of civilization. [APD]

731

Cintrón Aguilú, Amílcar. El temor de los imperios, 1954. San Juan: publisher not identified, 2016. 419 p.: bibl. Post-World War II international developments, particularly the dissolution of European empires, the emergence of anti-colonial struggles in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East, the creation of the UN, and the onset of the Cold War, shaped US policies toward Puerto Rico during the 1950s. This fi rst volume of a comparative scholarly study is based on extensive use security documents held in local repositories. [LG]

732

Colón González, José Luis. Rupturas con el poder: los partidos municipales en Yauco, 1906–1914. San Juan: Editorial Universidad Interamericana de Puertro Rico, 2016. 372 p.: bibl., ill., index. Employing methodologies typical of microhistory and prosopography, this work delves into the study of the local-level political and socioeconomic processes, particularly the emergence of dissident local municipal political parties, in Yauco during the early years of US domination of Puerto Rico. The actions of the political elites of this leading coffee-growing municipality and their struggles for power complicates our understanding of modern Puerto Rico’s political history. [LG]

733

Cuba’s forgotten decade: how the 1970s shaped the revolution. Edited by Emily J. Kirk, Anna Clayfield, and Isabel Story. Lanham, Md.; Boulder, Colo.; New York, N.Y.; London: Lexington Books, 2018.

260 p.: bibl., index. (Lexington studies on Cuba) Despite the somewhat misleading title, the contributors to this volume build on and confi rm standard scholarly interpretations that full revolutionary consolidation occurred in the 1970s with the long-lasting institutionalization of socialist programs through health care, education, Soviet economic planning, and revolutionary culture. [MDC]

734

Diez Acosta, Tomás. Un intento de revancha: Estados Unidos vs. Cuba (1969–1974). La Habana: Editorial de Ciencias Sociales, 2017. 362 p.: bibl. Detailed analysis of the US diplomatic and secretive efforts under President Richard Nixon to undermine and overthrow the Cuban Revolution. The study draws upon published and archival sources from the US State Department and Cuba to demonstrate the persistent activities of the American government to intervene in Cuban affairs. [MDC]

735

Dumont, Jacques. Un journal antimilitariste et libertaire à la Guadeloupe: L’Etincelle, 1911–1914. (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 173, jan./avril 2016, p. 83–104) Valuable study of bimonthly briefly published in Guadeloupe shortly before World War I, as France extended military conscription to its colonies. Borrowing freely from socialists, libertarians and antimilitarists, L’Étincelle remained marginal within the Guadeloupe press yet it stands out today for its critique of assimilationnisme, then gaining momentum in colonial institutions. [APD]

736

Duprey Salgado, Néstor R. A la vuelta de la esquina: el Proyecto Tydings de independencia para Puerto Rico y el diseño de una política colonial estadounidense. Primera edición 2015. Reimpresión revisada 2016. Humacao, Puerto Rico: Model Offset Printing (MOP), 2016. 594 p.: bibl., ill. This revisionist history of the political and juridical relations between the US and Puerto Rico during the Franklin Delano Roosevelt administration reassesses the actions of US Senator Millard E. Tydings in drafting and sponsoring legislation that would have granted independence to the island territory. These legislative initiatives were modeled after the case of the Philip-

174 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 pines, another US dependent territory until 1946, in which Tydings also played a key role. Complex internal and external developments, particularly the shifting ideological positions of key Puerto Rican political leaders and the altered geopolitical role of the Caribbean territory during World War II, shaped the policy of the Roosevelt administration toward Puerto Rico, undermining Tydings’ legislative initiatives. Based on largely untapped archival sources, this is a revised reprint edition, originally published in 2015. [LG]

737

Eller, Anne. Raining blood: spiritual power, gendered violence, and anticolonial lives in the nineteenth-century Dominican borderlands. (HAHR, 99:3, Aug. 2019, p. 431–465, bibl., map) Focused on the fi nal decades of the 19th century, this article shines a muchneeded light on the guerrilla campaigns led by residents of the “center-island borderlands” against encroachments from both Santiago and Santo Domingo and, threateningly, the US. In focusing on the island’s porous frontier zone, it looks at centralizing and colonizing efforts from the margins to the center (rather than the reverse), but it is also attentive to the gendered languages of resistance. Contributing to “a long history of fugitivity and a unique tradition of Caribbean anticolonial thought” (p. 433) in the center-island region of Hispaniola and around 1893, Eller links this work to broader questions of borderlands in Latin America, but also the centrality of the words and actions of the region’s resistance fighters to questions of sovereignty, neocolonialism, and nation-state building. The article was the winner of the 2019 Article Prize from the Haiti-Dominican Republic Section of the Latin American Studies Association. [ESM]

738

Erman, Sam. Almost citizens: Puerto Rico, the U.S. Constitution, and empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018. 275 p.: bibl., index. (Studies in legal history) Focusing on the Jones Acts of 1917, this insightful study explains not only key constitutional, ideological, and political developments within the US undergirding the extension of American citizenship to

the people of Puerto Rico, but also the actions of political figures on the island over constitutional and policy debates about collective naturalization. Preoccupation with race and racism, as the author argues, informed the so-called territorial nonincorporation doctrine by which Puerto Rico, a new overseas possession, came to be ruled by the US after 1898. The new doctrine supplanted established constitutional jurisprudence and practice, delinking the triad formed by citizenship, rights, and statehood. Described as a conceptually ambiguous and unsettled category, citizenship is presented in the book as a site of contention for both metropolitan political leaders and colonial subjects. [LG]

739

Esterrich, Carmelo. Concrete and countryside: the urban and the rural in 1950s Puerto Rican culture. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2018. 207 p. Puerto Rico’s forceful, rapid postwar modernization and urbanization had profound—and often contradictory—effects on local cultural production ranging from popular music and fi lm to literature and the visual arts. Skillfully written, this book shows the complex negotiations by artists and cultural agents over the representations of the rural and the urban in both official and popular discourse. The analysis of Rafel Cortijo’s music and the fi lms produced by División de Educación de la Comunidad (DIVEDCO), a government agency, is thought-provoking and advances our understanding of Puerto Rico’s modern history. [LG]

740

The events of 1965 in the Dominican Republic: documents from the United Kingdom’s National Archives = Los eventos de 1965 en la República Dominicana: documentos de The National Archives del Reino Unido. Presented to the Archivo General de la Nacion by Ambassador Steven Fisher. Edición facsimilar Santo Domingo: Archivo General de la Nación, 2016. 333 p.: bibl., facsimiles. (Archivo General de la Nación; CCLXXII) This collection of documents relative to the US occupation of the Dominican Republic provides a glimpse into “how British diplomats viewed, assessed and reported on the events that unfolded in the Dominican

History: The Caribbean and French Guiana: 20th Century / 175 Republic between April and September 1965” (1p. 7). Compiled by Steven Fisher, the UK ambassador to the country between 2009 and 2015, the collection offers a basic contextualization in the form of a prologue, but is predominately focused on the actual documents in their photostatic reproduction format (not transcribed, as is the normal practice of the AGN). Fisher does, however, identify what he calls “broader themes” that include the particularly candid reporting of the interim ambassador (Stafford Campbell) and embassy observations about US ideas and actions. In the presentation of the volume, AGN director Roberto Cassá argues for its importance in expanding the narrative of the occupation to include a more international diplomatic context. Included in the nearly 200 documents are situation reports, telegrams, letters, and appendixed news pieces, including a possibly complete issue of the 1J4 newsletter of June 1965. [ESM]

741

from the late 1950s when a new left mobilized for social change through the ongoing fragmentation and demise of the historical political parties in Haiti. [APD]

743

Hintzen, Amelia. De la masacre a la sentencia 168–13: apuntes para la historia de la segregación de los haitianos y sus descendientes en República Dominicana. Traducción al español Ana Abreu y Jose Emilio Bencosme. Santo Domingo: Fundación Juan Bosch, 2017. 154 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección “Bosch Vive”; 21) Well-argued book based on new sources from the Dominican National Archives. Demonstrates that contrary to a common view that embedded Dominican racism was responsible for the 1937 mass-murder of Haitian immigrants, it was ordered by Trujillo, who was anxious to assert his power over local officials that had protected well-integrated communities. The massacre also allowed the dictator to orchestrate a new national narrative about the “Dominican race.” [APD]

Gómez Ochoa, Delio. Cuarto Frente Simón Bolívar: grupos rebeldes y columnas invasoras: testimonio. Santo Domingo: Archivo General de la Nación, 2015. 237 p.: bibl., ill., index. (Archivo General de la Nación; 256) Personal memoir and narrative history by one of the combatants in the fi nal military campaigns of the 1959 Revolution against Batista’s forces. Particularly insightful for covering one of the lesser celebrated revolutionary columns not led by Che Guevara or Fidel Castro. Also includes transcriptions of some documents and correspondence. [MDC]

Ibarra Guitart, Jorge Renato. CubaRepública Dominicana: democracias, dictaduras e imperialismo en el Caribe (1944–1948). La Habana: Editorial de Ciencias Sociales, 2017. 267 p.: bibl., ill. This study offers an innovative comparative analysis of Cuba and the Dominican Republic when both were under US imperialism and military dictatorship in the 1940s. Drawing upon archival sources from both countries, the author shows how political solidarity often crossed national lines to foster collaboration and cooperation in strategies of resistance. [MDC]

742

745

Hector, Michel. Une tranche de la lutte contre l’Occupation américaine: les origines du mouvement communiste en Haïti (1927–1936). Port-au-Prince: L’Imprimeur S.A., 2017. 206 p.: ill. Written by senior Haitian political sociologist, this collection of essays focuses on 20th-century politics of the Haitian left— the beginnings of the Communist party in 1932–34 as part of urban nationalist resistance to the US occupation, and the littleknown Communist involvement of writer Jacques Roumain. The fi nal chapter reflects on the political circumstances in which the essays were written over several decades,

744

Jennings, Eric Thomas. Escape from Vichy: the refugee exodus to the French Caribbean. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2018. 308 p.: bibl., ill., maps. By a specialist of 20th-century French colonial history, this accomplished book traces a little-known episode in Atlantic migrations to the Caribbean during World War II when Martinique became for a few months—October 1940 to May 1941—the destination of some 20 voyages that were the last escape route for 5,000 political and racial refugees from Fascist and Nazioccupied Europe. Drawing on a wide range

176 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 of sources, the author vividly conveys: (1) US and British worries and their vigilance of the French Caribbean as the only place in the Western Hemisphere where Nazi Germany had a foothold; (2) the brief Vichy and Nazi-supported policy of expelling refugees; (3) the efforts by rescue agencies, which allowed successful escapes if aided by connections, money and refugees’ decisiveness; (4) the life that awaited refugees of vastly different resources and considered suspect aboard ships and later in harsh transit camps in Martinique; (5) a few shining moments—André Breton, Claude Lévi-Strauss, and Victor Serge holding informal seminars aboard the Paul Lemerle; the seminal encounter of Surrealists with Martiniquan dissidents and intellectual elite around the poet Aimé Césaire. [APD]

746

Jiménez Ferrer, Joaquín M. Francisco Romero y la historia de las ideas en Latinoamérica y Puerto Rico en el siglo XX. Arecibo, Puerto Rico: Centro de Investigación y Creación, Universidad de Puerto Rico en Arecibo: Centro de Estudios Iberoamericanos, 2016. 165 p.: bibl., 1 portrait. (Colección: (trans)figuraciones; 8) The author approaches the intellectual contributions of prominent Argentine philosopher Francisco Romero (1891–1962) from the perspective of the history of ideas in Latin America and Puerto Rico. Known as the dean of Latin American philosophers, Romero exerted a lasting influence on generations of faculty affiliated with the University of Puerto Rico, particularly its Department of Philosophy. The author calls on university institutions in Puerto Rico to recognize Latin American intellectual production vis-à-vis dominant European and North American traditions. [LG]

747

Jiménez-Muñoz, Gladys M. Antonia Sáez Torres and colonial education in early twentieth-century Puerto Rico. (J. Caribb. Hist., 53:1, 2019, p. 117–142, bibl.) A critical reading of the 1967 published memoirs of Antonia Sáez Torres, a prominent Afro-Puerto Rican educator, opens a singular window into the struggles of Black artisan and working-class communities from eastern Puerto Rico as they navigated race, class, and gender dynamics under US rule. As Jiménez-Muñoz sug-

gests, Sáez’s advocacy of Spanish-language instruction in public schools and support of artisan-led, self-education institutions such as Club Ariel served to uplift socially and culturally the laboring classes of a community composed by a large population of Black artisans and workers. [LG]

748

Jornada Pedro Albizu Campos, 1st, Bayamón, P.R., 2014. Pedro Albizu Campos, lujo de la historia: actas. San Juan: Talla de Sombra Editores, 2016. 260 p.: bibl., ill. Published conference proceedings examine key facets of the life and work of Pedro Albizu Campos (1891–1965). The leading figure of the Puerto Rican independence movement, Albizu Campos served as president of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party from 1930 until his death. Race in Albizu Campos’ political imaginary, main tenets of nationalists’ ideology, and juridical aspects of political persecution targeting advocates of nationalism are some of the salient topics covered in the volume. [LG]

749

Krohn-Hansen, Christian. The Dominican Colmado from Santo Domingo to New York. (in Oxford research encyclopedia of Latin American history. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 2016, latinamericanhistory.oxfordre.com) This brief study of the Dominican colmado or corner-convenience store in the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Latin American History (ORELAH) is an important addition to the landscape of socioeconomic studies of the transnational community. First, it provides a clear set of descriptions of the phenomenon in both the Dominican Republic and the Northeast US. Second, it “explores the making and remaking”—fi rst on the island and then in New York—of the unique aspects of the Dominican bodega, arguing that it is “good to think with” and offers a critical window on transnational “Dominican social formation” (p. 1–2). Finally, predicated on the idea that “all forms of economic action and consumption practice are shaped by, and articulate, historically specific imageries and sentiments” (p. 3) this research article reminds us of the interconnectedness of economic practices, social phenomenon, and historically-rooted cultural shifts, track-

History: The Caribbean and French Guiana: 20th Century / 177 ing both the significant economic changes after 2000 that impacted the colmados on the island, as well as the migratory patterns that resulted in Dominican owning “around 80 percent of the approximately nine thousand bodegas and independent groceries controlled by Latinos in New York City” in 1991 (p. 2). Useful discussions of the existing literature on corner stores and Dominican socio-economics, as well as potential primary sources, a feature regularly included in these ORELAH entries, follow the analysis. [ESM]

750

Laboy Gómez, José Enrique. Los católicos rebeldes en Puerto Rico durante el período de la Guerra Fría. Río Piedras, Puerto Rico: Publicaciones Gaviota, 2015. 317 p.: bibl. The book discusses the development of the Catholic left as well as the conservative reaction and political persecution led by the Church hierarchy and government authorities against exponents of Liberation Theology in Puerto Rico during the 1960s and 1970s. The author examines both the internal and external religious, social, and political processes that contributed to the advocacy of Liberation Theology on the nation. This well-documented study draws upon interviews and the personal papers of leading figures in the progressive Church. [LG]

751

Lebel, Anne. De la difficulté de compter les soldats guadeloupéens morts pour la France pendant la Première Guerre mondiale. (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 168, mai/août. 2014, p. 153–167) Excellent analysis of the historical difficulties in counting the number of Guadeloupean soldiers who died in World War I. Lebel identifies long-standing causes for these difficulties, starting with the state’s omission of colonial troops from official lists, and shows what the latest figures available tell us about how Guadeloupe soldiers fared in the confl ict. [APD]

752

López Avalos, Martín. Elites y vanguardias políticas en Cuba: insurrección y revolución, 1898–1965. Zamora, Mexico: El Colegio de Michoacán, 2016. 293 p.: bibl., indexes. Social science analysis of Cuba’s political history focusing on three histori-

cal movements when the “elites” claimed revolutionary status and legitimacy: independence, the republican revolution of 1933, and the socialist revolution of 1959. The author argues that each subsequent generation embraced the revolutionary mantle as a historical act of fulfi llment. [MDC]

753

Lucien, Georges Eddy. Une modernisation manquée: Port-au-Prince (1915– 1956). v. 1, Modernisation et centralisation. v. 2, Centralisation et dysfonctionnements. Port-au-Prince: Editions de l’Université d’État d’Haïti, 2013–2014. 2 v.: bibl., ill., maps. An evocative in-depth study by Haiti’s foremost specialist in urban studies, which integrates the political, social, and cultural dimensions of a capital city. Argues that Port-au-Prince’s accelerated growth and political primacy begun during the US occupation and then increased at the expense of Haiti’s other towns, attracting all rural immigration and concentrating all maritime and port activities. The last section shows that a state policy to modernize the capital after 1945 was too limited and unsystematic and disregarded the social needs of its vast slums. Yet, as author notes, postwar Port-au-Prince was also a place of exceptional creativity in music, literature, painting, and the city’s continuous building and the rebuilding process—using stone in the 18th century, wood in the 19th, and concrete in the 20th—can be seen as a metaphor for the creativity of its inhabitants in adverse conditions. [APD]

754

Manley, Elizabeth S. “News of ‘crazy’ women demanding freedom”: Dominican feminist activism in a post-dictatorial state (1961–1990). (Caribb. Stud., 47:1, Jan./ June 2019, p. 3–36) In this rich and well-argued study, Manley examines the Dominican feminist movement that arose in the late 1970s as a “case for local and global activism.” She shows that following Trujillo’s dictatorship dozens of organizations started to work with poor and rural women, empowering them as activists—a local strategy aimed at breaking away from a deeply paternalistic state. Dominican feminists also seized the opportunity offered by the UN Decade for Women, 1975–85, making a distinctive

178 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 contribution to international conferences where they struck regional alliances with other Latin American feminists. The success of these alliances reverberated in the acceptance gained in public opinion by feminism—long viewed as an imported Western ideology—and by the struggle for women’s rights which had been consistently ignored by traditional parties. An essential contribution to the study of 20th-century Latin American feminist movements and the strategies used to confront postauthoritarian regimes in an era of international focus on women’s rights. [APD] Martín, Américo. Huracán sobre el Caribe: de Fidel a Raúl. Caracas: Universidad Católica Andrés Bello, 2013. 224 p.: bibl. This political history of Cuba from the 1990s focuses on the Special Period, the limited opening of economic reforms, Fidel Castro stepping down from power due to illness, followed by his replacement—his brother Raúl Castro. [MDC]

(newspapers, memoirs). There is no bibliography or index. In the fi nal section, which begins in 1955, the author covers the resistance movement (Movimiento de Liberación Dominicana, Movimiento 14 de Junio), Trujillo’s struggles with the Catholic Church, regime attacks on Castro and Betancourt, the dictator’s health history including the cancer, and increasing tensions with the US and its pressure on Trujillo to step down. The section and book conclude with a chapter called “Difícil decisión” in which the author presents Trujillo within the framework of the Greek temperaments (as choleric) to explain his narcissism and ultimate plan to “assure [for himself] an honorable death” (p. 430). The evidence used to support this claim lies here in the fact that all previous attempts on his life had failed because of his significant security detail and spy network. Both more and less than an apology for the Trujillato, this book treads dangerous ground in its assertion that the man was so all-powerful it is only conceivable that he also planned his own end. [ESM]

756

757

755

Martínez, Orlando R. El suicidio de Trujillo: reinterpretando el magnicidio del 30 de mayo. Santo Domingo: Editora Búho, S.R.L., 2016. 442 p.: bibl. Purporting to offer a new interpretation of the Trujillo era, this book assumes a broad lens on the span of history between the late 1920s and early 1960s in the Dominican Republic. Martínez explores the possibility that the assassination of the dictator was, in fact, a suicide plot organized by the man himself, as a result of his prostate cancer diagnosis and a looming threat from the US, rather than a coup plotted by a group of disaffected regime officials. While this argument “has been rejected by the Academy” (p. 15) the author argues that it has never been fully researched and sets out to do so in the book. Organized into three sections, “El Auge,” “Los Trofeos Históricos,” and “El Ocaso,” the largest (middle) section of this project covers the multiple major components of the regime’s maintenance of power, including its control over public memory, land, arts and culture, citizenship, education, health, and labor. It is extensively footnoted, although questionable sources intermingle with recognized scholarship and primary source materials

Martínez de Osaba y Goenaga, Juan A. Racismo y béisbol cubano. La Habana: Editorial de Ciencias Sociales, 2017. 486 p.: bibl., ill. This study analyzes the role of race in Cuban baseball, mainly focusing on the fi rst half of the 20th century. The vast majority of the volume provides brief biographies in encyclopedic form of Black Cuban players and African-Americans who played in Cuba. The book is especially insightful for showing the entangled histories of the US and Cuba around racism and sports. [MDC]

758

Mattos Cintrón, Wilfredo. El libro, la calle y el fusil: breve historia del movimiento estudiantil puertorriqueño, formación de la hegemonía de EEUU en Puerto Rico y otros ensayos. San Juan: Ediciones La Sierra, 2018. 347 p.: bibl. Collection of essays, most of them previously published, on various aspects of modern Puerto Rican history and society, including the student movement, the debates over university reform during the 1960s, relations between the US and Puerto Rico, and the rise and development of the Partido Socialista Puertorriqueño, a

History: The Caribbean and French Guiana: 20th Century / 179 Marxist-Leninist organization in the national political landscape. [LG]

759

Mayes, April J. Black feminist formations in the Dominican Republic since the Sentencia. (in Comparative racial politics in Latin America. Edited by Kwame Dixon and Ollie A. Johnson III. New York, N.Y.: Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group, 2019, p. 1–22) In this compelling chapter, Mayes argues that the activists leading the charge against the Dominican Constitutional Court’s 2013 decision to revoke citizenship from over 200,000 individuals and revert to jus sanguinis nationality—otherwise known as La Sentencia—have “become the ideological and theoretical architects of an intersectional approach” to gender and racial equity (p. 141). Operating within a “unique political space,” their anti-racist and anti-sexist work is, Mayes argues, shifting the dialogue around citizenship to create new and more inclusive discursive spaces and ways of challenging marginalization. The chapter also provides a useful overview of anti-Haitian sentiment as it developed across the 20th century and the details of the gender discriminations embedded in Dominican migration legislation. Particularly through oral histories of activists in the Movimiento Mujeres DominicoHaitiana (MUDHA) and their deployment of the term lo Afro and intersectional organizing techniques, Mayes argues that their work presents new visions for Dominican civil society and provides ways to approach the intensely problematic policies surrounding the Sentencia. [ESM]

760

Mejía Ricart, Gustavo Adolfo. Historia de Santo Domingo. v. IX, La dominación haitiana (1822–1844). Santo Domingo: Archivo General de la Nación, Departamento de Investigación y Divulgación, 2015. 703 p.: bibl., index. (Archivo General de la Nación; CCXVIII) The ninth in a planned 22-volume series on the history of the nation, this study covers the 22 years of island unification. Divided into two parts—“Instauración del regimen haitiano” and “Augurios de libertad”—this massive volume also contains a number of transcribed primary documents and extensive footnotes. It was

originally written at some point before Mejía-Ricart’s death in 1962. The fi rst volume of the series, covering the initial Spanish arrival, appeared in 1948 when the city was still Ciudad Trujillo; Mejía-Ricart spent the majority of his intellectual life as an ideologue for the regime. This volume is the result of a commitment by Tirso Mejía-Ricart to get his father’s fi nal two written volumes published, as well as the efforts of the AGN’s publishing arm. While it perpetuates the idea that the unification of the island was an “integración forzosa,” among other problematic narratives pushed by the Trujillato, it does provide access to a number of (transcribed) letters, speeches, and articles. Providing contemporary source locations would have been a helpful addition. [ESM]

761

Meneses, Enrique. Fidel Castro, patria y muerte. Prólogo de Jon Lee Anderson. A Coruña, Spain: Ediciones del Viento, 2016. 234 p.: bibl., ill. (Viento céfi ro; 13) Reprint with elaborations of the influential 1966 biography of Castro by Spanish journalist Enrique Menses, who interviewed Castro in the Sierra Maestra and then wrote a history of the 1959 Revolution. This 2016 edition includes a prologue by Jon Lee Anderson on Meneses and additional documents. [MDC]

762

Una mirada a la inmigración española de 1939–40 en Santo Domingo: disertaciones presentadas en la Universidad APEC, Semanas de Espana en la República Dominicana 2015. Edición de José del Castillo Pichardo et al. Santo Domingo: UNAPEC, Universidad APEC, 2016. 141 p.: bibl., ill. (some color). (Publicaciones Fondo Editorial UNAPEC) This collection of six essays, all products of a 2015 conference, addresses the multiple sociocultural, political, economic and demographic impacts of the late 1930s migration of Spaniards to the Dominican Republic. This particular wave of migrants, exiled as a result of the Spanish Civil War, has been a popular historical subject over at least the past several decades. Both the presentation of the book (from Francisco D’Oleo) and the introduction (by Jaime Lacadena) are effusive in their discussion of the positive impact of the group estimated at approximately 3,000

180 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 persons, setting the tone for the volume. Although a large percentage of that number ultimately left the island for more democratic regimes, the authors detail the multiple ways in which the collective impacted art, music, theatre, literature, education, agriculture, labor, and architecture (contributors José del Castillo Pichardo, Natalia González Tejera, Bernardo Vega, Laura Gil Fiallo, and Andrés Mateo). Listed examples are frequently provided. The fi nal essay by Diógenes Céspedes treats one particular exile, Segundo Serrano Poncela and his influence on the literature of the period. [ESM]

763

Moral, Solsiree del. “Una niña humilde y de color”: sources for the history of an Afro-Puerto Rican childhood. (J. Caribb. Hist., 53:2, 2019, p. 192–222, bibl.) Culling wide-ranging sources drawn from government, civil, and religious records, Solsiree del Moral skillfully weaves together the life story of Herminia, the fictitious name of a poor, Black girl from a sugarcane-growing region in western Puerto Rico during the late 1950s. A well-received contribution to the burgeoning scholarship on the historical experience of Afro-Puerto Ricans, particularly the historiography of Black childhood, in the modern period. [LG]

764

Moulton, Aaron Coy. Confl icts between Caribbean Basin dictators and democracies, 1944–1959. (in Oxford research encyclopedia of Latin American history. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 2016, latinamericanhistory.oxfordre.com) Tracing the rise of anti-fascism in the post-WW II era, as well as the resultant response from dictators across the Caribbean and their entrenchment with the aid of the US, this entry mixes diplomatic history with network analysis to explain the webs of support that developed on both sides of this Cold War crucible. The failed Cayo Confites expedition, initially organized in Cuba in 1944 against Dominican dictator Rafael Trujillo, provides a most useful example of this phenomenon. It was an effort that gained traction through a Caribbean network of exiles and anti-fascists against a notorious dictator; however, its threat, even if thwarted, created by “the networking of Caribbean Basin exiles with anti-dictatorial groups and democratic leaders” united the

region’s dictators to form “an informal counter-revolutionary network in which they and their officials shared intelligence on the region’s events, supported dissident Caribbean Basin exiles, and considered a variety of conspiracies to overthrow the governments in Guatemala, Venezuela, and Costa Rica” (p. 6, 9). The article, and Moulton’s extensive research, demonstrate the need for more work on regional ties across the Caribbean and closer attention to the period between 1944 and 1959. As he notes, increased inter-American research around dictatorship, diplomacy, and exile dissidence will help move “beyond U.S. policy toward the region” and give “greater attention to the goals of local actors, so regional confl icts [become] a greater priority” (p. 18). Useful and particularly detailed discussions of the broader literature and primary sources, demonstrative of Coy’s expansive research and regularly included in these ORELAH entries, follow the analysis. [ESM]

765

Nina, Daniel. El Club Tanamá: la invisibilización del hombre y la mujer negros por el independentismo puertorriqueño. San Juan: Isla Negra Editores: Pasillo del Sur Editores, 2016. 108 p.: bibl. (Colección Visiones y cegueras) An exploration of Afro-Puerto Rican militancy in the pro-independence movement, particularly in the Partido Nacionalista Puertorriqueño, during the 1930–50 period as seen through the pursuits of Club Tanamá. Founded in 1938, Club Tanamá was a cultural association composed of the Black working and middle classes from the sugarcane growing municipality of Canóvanas in northern Puerto Rico. Politically aligned with Pedro Albizu Campos’ Nacionalista movement, the association’s leadership melded the fight for racial justice with the struggle for political independence from the US. Based on oral interviews with the relatives of founding members of the cultural association. [LG]

766

O’Donnell, Pacho. Che: luchar por un mundo mejor. Edición defi nitiva. Buenos Aires: Sudamericana, 2017. 584 p.: bibl., index. This work, republished to mark the 50th anniversary of Guevara’s death in 2017, presents a revision and slight elaboration

History: The Caribbean and French Guiana: 20th Century / 181 of a 2003 biography of Che Guevara. The book is particularly insightful for its inclusion of interviews with childhood friends of Guevara from Argentina and soldiers who participated in military campaigns in Cuba, Congo, and Bolivia. [MDC]

767

Palmiste, Claire Lucienne. Qu’on leur donne du pain, de l’instruction et de la foi: réponse de l’Église face aux problèmes des jeunes inadaptés en Guadeloupe (1935– 1990). (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 179, jan./ avril 2018, p. 3–22) Recounts the development of a charitable institution for orphans and vagrant juveniles with subsidies from the colonial government and donations from rich creoles, and its unsuccessful conversion in the 1970s into a center for juvenile delinquents operated jointly by Justice and Welfare state agencies with state funds. Together with Frédéric Scheider’s article (see item 777), this study invites a reassessment of the ways départementalisation was conducted to align Guadeloupe public institutions with those of France in the key area of welfare. [APD]

rriqueños, 1919–1936. (Hist. Crít./Bogotá, 64, abril/junio 2017, p. 61–80, bibl.) The analysis of the social imaginary stemming from the Bolshevik Revolution and the Communist International (Comintern) displayed in the Puerto Rican labor press as well as in the writings of local Communist Party leaders shows the gradual shift in working-class radicalism from anarchist to class-struggle oriented objectives. Adopting a transnational perspective, the author argues that the discursive radicalization of Puerto Rican labor movement during the 1930s was influenced as much by domestic as by international developments. [LG] Quiñones Pérez, Gustavo Adolfo. Sofocracia: el imaginario nacional de los intelectuales puertorriqueños, 1920–1940. See item 2257. Raby, Megan. American tropics: the Caribbean roots of biodiversity science. See HLAS 75:441.

771

Pierre-Paul, Antoine. Antoine Simon: son avènement (1908), son gouvernement, sa chute (1911). Présentation par Michel Soukar. Delmas, Haiti: C3 Éditions, 2018. 221 p.: bibl., ill., portrait. (Collection “Textes retrouvés”) Reprint of a dozen documents illustrating François Antoine Simon’s enlightened presidency with a useful introduction to his long political career. [APD]

Rey, Miguel del and Carlos Canales. Fidel Castro: de luces y sombras. Madrid: Editorial EDAF, S.L.U., 2016. 271 p.: bibl., ill. This political biography of Fidel Castro focuses mainly on the revolutionary decades of the 1960s and 1970s. Drawing almost exclusively from secondary sources, the authors provide a sympathetic but critical account of Castro’s life, with particular emphasis on his anti-imperialist legacy visà-vis the US. [MDC]

769

772

768

Piñero Cádiz, Gerardo M. El Gibraltar del Caribe en guerra: las defensas costeras en Puerto Rico durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial. San Juan: Editorial Isla Negra, 2015. 111 p.: bibl., ill., maps. (Colección Visiones y cegueras) Scholarly study about the revamping of the coast defense system undertaken by the US Army Corps of Engineers in Puerto Rico during World War II. These improvements were made in response to the heightened strategic importance of the island territory within the US hemispheric defense framework during the 1940s. [LG]

770

Pujals, Sandra. Bolcheviquismo isleño: Rusia y la Tercera Internacional en los imaginarios revolucionarios puerto-

Romero Valiente, Juan Manuel. La inmigración española en República Dominicana. Santo Domingo: Archivo General de la Nación, 2016 327 p.: bibl., ill., index. (Archivo General de la Nación; CCLX) This publication from the Archivo General de la Nación treats well-covered ground in Dominican historiography. Based predominately on the author’s doctoral dissertation from 1996 (Universidad de Sevilla), it engages archival materials, immigration data, and oral histories to trace the long history of Spanish migration to the Dominican Republic between 1493 and 1995. While one chapter covers the entire period from the Spanish arrival through 1935, another is devoted to the 60 years that follow, indicating the author’s more pressing

182 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 concern with the more recent past. Opening and closing chapters provide a brief historical contextualization of immigration to the Dominican Republic and summative demographic analysis, respectively. The loosely scripted conclusion posits the overall impact of Spanish migratory patterns over the longue durée, and argues that the more contemporary influence of the “colonia española” lies principally in its socioeconomic strength. While the work relies extensively on rich primary sources, they are not included in the bibliography that, also unfortunately, was not updated from the 1996 thesis. [ESM]

773

Roorda, Eric Paul. The murder of the Mirabal sisters in the Dominican Republic. (in Oxford research encyclopedia of Latin American history. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 2019, latinamericanhistory.oxfordre.com) Covering mostly familiar ground, but doing so in a concise and engaging way, this entry on Minerva, Maria Teresa, and Patria Mirabal is a valuable contribution to anti-dictatorial scholarship on the Cold War Caribbean as well as to women and gender studies of the region. The article provides background on the repressive tactics of the Trujillo regime and mounting international opprobrium, formative details on the three famous Mirabal sisters, the changes wrought by the failed invasion attempts at Constanza, Maimón, and Estero Hondo, including the formation of the 14 de Junio movement as “the Mirabals’ covert circle dedicated themselves to carry on the mission of toppling the Trujillo regime” and the repercussions of that mobilization, and fi nally the murder of the Mirabal sisters and the aftermath of the regime’s fateful decision (p. 9). Utilizing recently declassified documents from CIA station chief Henry Dearborn, Roorda also reminds us not to forget the horrifically violent tactics deployed by the regime, particularly near its end. The article concludes with a powerful compilation of the many memorializations of the Mirabal sisters, asserting rightfully that “[a]gainst all odds, the Mirabal Sisters have become the faces of the international movement opposing violence against women” (p. 18). Useful discussions of the broader literature and primary sources,

regularly included in these ORELAH entries, follow the analysis. [ESM]

774

Roorda, Eric Paul. The wreck of the USS Memphis in the Dominican Republic. (in Oxford research encyclopedia of Latin American history. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 2019, latinamerica7nhistory.oxfordre.com) Covering the wreck and subsequently ironic rescue efforts of the US armored cruiser in 1916, this article also suggests a more nuanced reading of the fi rst US occupation of the Dominican Republic (1916–24) and echoes recent work on early 20th-century Dominican history that looks to complicate nation, sovereignty, and Dominicanidad. Describing the conditions that caused the warship to crash upon the capital’s malecón, as well as the heroic Dominican rescue efforts in spite of the recently arrived US Marine occupiers, Roorda’s short entry reminds readers that the local responses to the incursion were not necessarily tied to their feelings about their country or their occupiers. As he notes, “[i]n this way, the micro-history of the USS Memphis suggests that the historiography of the occupation has presumed a kind of Manichean, binary resistance model, which in fact was more nuanced” (p. 8). Moreover, given that the ship lay as a reminder of that abrogation of sovereignty for the next 20 years, its history as imperialist tool, ocean disaster, tourist attraction, and impetus for port development imparts a number of key lessons that scholars of this period have generally overlooked. As “a piece of imperialist litter, both unsightly and embarrassing,” the USS Memphis was a symbol that could not be ignored, even by visiting US baseball players like Satchel Paige who played in the 1937 Trujillo re-election championship series (p. 9). Thinking through the wreck as “a prism through which to view the events surrounding the onset of the occupation more generally” makes this entry ideal for the ORELAH format (p. 8). Useful discussions of the broader literature and primary sources, regularly included in these ORELAH entries, follow the analysis. [ESM]

775

Rupert Lewis and the Black intellectual tradition. Edited by Clinton A. Hutton with Maziki Thame and Jermaine

History: The Caribbean and French Guiana: 20th Century / 183 McCalpin. Kingston; Miami: Ian Randle Publishers, 2018. 348 p.: bibl., index. (Caribbean reasonings) Emerging out of a 2013 conference on the renowned Jamaican scholar and activist Rupert Lewis, this collection of essays traces Lewis’ own biographical journey, along with the threads of Black Nationalism and the political left in the 20th-century Caribbean. Many of the essays chronicle both the history of socialism in the region, as well as its future. However, there are also a handful of essays that pull Lewis’ ideas about Black Power deeper into the past to assess plantation slavery, as well as the Haitian Revolution. [DL]

the main cities in 1906 and was operated by a series of small companies chronically short of capital to maintain and expand the network, despite charging exorbitant prices. Improvement came in 1950 with a mixed public-private corporation, but only integration into the powerful state-owned Électricité-Gaz de France in 1975 made possible the production and distribution of electricity to the whole island. [APD]

779

Salado, Minerva. Censura de prensa en la Revolución cubana. Madrid: Editorial Verbum, 2016. 211 p.: bibl., ill. (Verbum narrativa. Serie Biblioteca cubana) This study offers an account of censorship in revolutionary Cuba to silence critics and promote the socialist transformation of the island. In addition to covering well-known topics of censorship of the press and intellectuals, the author also looks at other forms of censorship in history and social science literature. [MDC]

Schnakenbourg, Christian. Le Moule, 14 février 1952: autopsie d’un massacre. (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 170, jan./ avril 2015, p. 55–81) Specialist of 19th- and 20th-century sugar industry in Guadeloupe recounts the tragic outcome of a 1952 social confl ict in a large sugar factory that left a lasting memory, and analyzes its ingredients: a combative workers’ union supported by the island’s left-leaning elected officials and by a local population overconfident of its power to resist; on the other side, obsessively anticommunist plant-management and French departmental authorities that resorted to sending security forces—against the recommendations of their commandant—rather than initiating discussions. [APD]

777

780

776

Scheider, Frédéric. Saint-Jean-Bosco, une institution de correction guadeloupéenne, paroles de témoins (1944–1997). (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 179, jan./avril 2018, p. 23–47) Together with the history told by Palmiste’s article (see item 767) of a charitable institution established within a colonial framework to give vocational training to orphan and vagrant juveniles, and its unsuccessful conversion into a center for juvenile delinquents operated by Justice and Welfare state agencies, psychiatrist and historian Scheider brings further insights from interviews with former inmates and personnel and shows that the new state policy was ill-received, pointing to a “cultural clash” in the island caused by the départementalisation. [APD]

778

Schnakenbourg, Christian. Jalons pour l’histoire de l’électricité en Guadeloupe (1906–1975). (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 158, jan./avril 2011, p. 9–89) Welcome historical study of electricity in Guadeloupe. Street lighting began in

Sella, Orlando Enrique. El catecismo político de Jean Bertrand Aristide. Buenos Aires: Editorial Dunken, 2016. 255 p.: bibl., ill. Written by the former Argentina ambassador to Haiti during Aristide’s government who played a significant role in the interregnum that followed the leader’s exile, a perceptive analysis of his populist and authoritarian traits. [APD]

781

7 février 1986: enjeux, problèmes, enseignements. Sous la direction de Lucie Carmel Paul-Austin. Pétion-Ville, Haïti: C3 Éditions, 2014. 242 p.: bibl. A collective reassessment of the 1986 movement initiated in Port-au-Prince which soon affected the whole country, and its aftermath—student mobilization, the emergence of the radio and other popular mass media, the role of the international community and NGOs in the political transition, the writing of a new constitution, the role of social movements in the civil society since then. Provides also a lucid account of rampant political violence and pillaging

184 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 of resources under the Lavalas regime of Aristide and the tremendous insecurity and enduring sense of impasse generated. [APD]

782

Smarth, William. Histoire de l’Église catholique d’Haïti, 1492–2003: des points de repère. Préface de Laënnec Hurbon. Port-au-Prince: Les Éditions CIFOR, 2015. 2 v. (704 p.): bibl., ill. (chiefly color), index, color maps. A study of the Catholic Church in Haiti written by a Jesuit priest who remains a significant actor in the Haitian church. Vol. I is a useful compendium on Catholic presence in Haiti since colonial times and its role in the formation of the Haitian nation. Vol. II provides an authoritative account of the Haitian Church’s rapprochement with the Latin American Church in the 1960s and 1970s, the adhesion of Haitian priests to Liberation Theology which led to their persecution by Duvalier, and their commitment to the defense of human rights in the 1980s. [APD]

783

Smith, Averell. The pitcher and the dictator: Satchel Paige’s unlikely season in the Dominican Republic. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2018. 211 p., 12 unnumbered pages of plates: bibl., ill., index. An easy, engaging prose propels this story that parallels US baseball pitcher Satchel Paige with notorious Dominican dictator Rafael Trujillo. The fulcrum of the text is the summer in 1937 that Paige played for Santo Domingo’s Dragones de Ciudad Trujillo. Written for a wide audience, the book centers the narratives of the two men’s lives and the context in which they lived, culminating in the “best championship series ever played” that few knew “had ever happened” (p. 174). Unfortunately, Smith relies too heavily on several accounts of the Trujillato that are dated and/or handicapped by flawed evidentiary foundations; his accounts of two massacres (1805 and 1937) also rely on extremely problematic sources. Still, for someone unaware of the broader history of the regime it is a solid introduction as well as a reminder of the strong links between the two nations. Moreover, it provides compelling detail on the significance of the Negro Leagues in US baseball history as well as comparisons between racial con-

texts in the US and the Dominican Republic from the perspective of Paige. [ESM]

784

Sotomayor, Antonio. The triangle of empire: sport, religion, and imperialism in Puerto Rico’s YMCA, 1898–1926. (Americas/Washington, 74:4, Oct. 2017, p. 481–512, map, photos) This work provides a nuanced analysis pertaining to the impact of the YMCA’s avowedly religious- and sports-proselytizing activities as a tool of Americanization in early 20th-century Puerto Rico. As in other facets of everyday life under US rule, Puerto Ricans displayed agency, adeptly selecting sports, seen as a modern cultural practice, over the YMCA organization’s mission of intrinsic Protestantism. This study offers key insight into the historical experience of US colonialism in Puerto Rico. [LG]

785

Tejera, Eduardo J. El movimiento nacionalista dominicano contra la ocupación militar norteamericana, 1916–1924. Santo Domingo: Editorial Luz de Luna, 2016. 302 p.: bibl., ill. Written to help commemorate the centenary of the start of the US occupation of the Dominican Republic, this volume narrates the resistance movement to the 8-year Marine action as “uno de los más brillantes episodios de la historia dominicana” (p. 15) and a warning that the country should never again place itself in such a “vunerable and weak” (p. 16) economic position on the world stage. The book focuses on the “political and diplomatic work of a select group of men” (p. 14) over eight years to end the US Marine occupation through both diplomacy-related efforts and international solidarity-building. It incorporates multiple primary sources (letters, memorandum, official proposals) in direct transcription, a large majority of which come from the Colección Tulio Cestero at the Biblioteca Pedro Mir (UASD), although as a whole it relies primarily on existing (reputable) secondary sources. An economist by training and career, Tejera’s focus centers in the economic structures and challenges of the period. [ESM]

786

Terral, Roméo. De la campagne à la ville antillaise: l’exemple de Pointe-à-Pitre (Guadeloupe), un port au centre d’un archipel et des intérêts d’une

History: The Caribbean and French Guiana: 20th Century / 185 population mobile (1927–1954). (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe, 184/185, sept. 2019/avril 2020, p. 183–219) Imaginative analysis of electoral registers to document rural influx to Pointeà-Pitre, Guadeloupe’s main port-city. In decades before the 1946 départementalisation, immigration from nearby Marie-Galante was facilitated by regular maritime connections and an improved road network encouraged an inflow from communes around the city. Stresses the impact of the 1928 hurricane which sent rural populations from devastated sugar plantations into Pointe-àPitre, where they became part of the labor force needed to rebuild the city after its extensive destruction. Following World War II, new rural migrants found jobs in public works to expand and sanitize the city and later in State-agencies for health, education, and customs. [APD]

787

Valdés Sánchez, Servando. Cuba y el hegemonismo militar de Estados Unidos (1933–1960). Santiago, Cuba: Editorial Oriente, 2015. 166 p.: bibl., facsims., maps. (Bronce colección) This work analyzes military operations and security plans of the US administered through Cuba from the 1930s through the 1950s. The author provides an account of the disruption of these unequal albeit joint plans with the 1959 Revolution. Includes over 50 pages of reproduced documents. [MDC]

788

Vásquez Frías, Pastor. La isla montonera (1912–1916): Republica Dominicana y Haití en la ruta de la ocupación norteamericana. Santo Domingo: Pastor Vásquez Frías, 2016. 563 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección misiones dominicanas en Haití; 6) Written by a journalist and former member of the Dominican delegation in Haiti, this book is one of a series of studies of Dominican-Haitian relations (“Misiones Dominicanas en Haití”). In paralleling the histories of the two nations, from 1911 through 1916, the book follows the call of scholars to look at the linkages, rather than the ruptures, between the two nations. In what the author presents as “un relato ligero, una crónica de los acontecimientos de la época” (p. 15) the connected stories of U.S. occupation, and their origins relative

to pan-island politics, are told. The text is generously interspersed with primary materials, although the footnote sourcing could provide more detail. The direct relationship between the two countries, particularly highlighted through the legation correspondence, is a distinct contribution to the historiography of both. The author signals his desire to offer the narrative in memorial to the centenary of “la usurpación del territorio nacional por parte de las tropas norteamericanas” but also argues for an approach that keeps the analytical writing limited “respetando a los lectores para que sean ellos, como jueces soberanos de su propia interpretación, los que squen sus concluciones” (p. 16). Still, in concluding that the leaders responsible for this “usurpación extranjera” (p. 542) never paid for their crimes, Vásquez Frías leaves the reader with a fairly clear indication of his own desire to resist historical tendencies of forgetting or “el desconocimiento de la historia” (p. 74). [ESM]

789

Vásquez Romero, José L. El modelo anticaudillista y desarrollista del presidente Ramón Cáceres (1906–1911). Santo Domingo: Archivo General de la Nación, 2016. 393 p.: bibl., index. (Archivo General de la Nación; CCLXXXVII) This study of the presidency of Ramón (Mon) Cáceres from 1906–11, which began as part of the doctoral study by this UASD professor at the Universidad de Sevilla, centers on several concerns regarding the early-century roots of development and modernization processes, the imposition of force to pacificy violent regional uprisings, and the characteristics of durable national caudillista politics. The author draws upon official government documents from the AGN (and a number of their recently released primary source collections), artifacts maintained by the Museo Presidencial Cáceres, personal correspondence, and press. The book opens with a discussion of methodology and a theoretical framing of caudillismo. In tracing the political evolution of Cáceres, the author provides a structural-functionalist approach to understanding his rise and lasting influence in Dominican political life and argues that this short period marked not just a clear rupture with the 19th century, but also the

186 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 foundations of the alienation of much of the population from the defense of national sovereignty. Fifty pages of appendixed charts providing births, deaths, and marriages from every municipality in 1906–7 (Source: AGN, Ministerio de Justicia e Instrucción) follow the source list and a useful glossary. [ESM]

790

Vélez Rivera, Marcos A. Las ilustraciones de los Libros para el Pueblo de la División de Educación de la Comunidad y la modernización de Puerto Rico (1949– 1964). Carolina, Puerto Rico: Ediciones UNE, 2016. 253 p.: bibl., ill. The main objective of this work is to examine the visual discourse on the imagined modern Puerto Rican citizen in the images and artwork of the publications issued by the División de Educación de la Comunidad (DIVEDCO) for its educational and cultural program in rural communities. This study advances our undertsanding of the cultural dimensions of the complex modernization project led by the leadership of Partido Popular Democrático since the late 1940s. [LG]

791

Verna, Chantalle F. Haiti and the uses of America: post-U.S. occupation promises. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 2017. 284 p.: bibl., index. Remarkable study on two decades and forms of US cooperation in Haiti— Good Neighbor Policy, World War II PanAmericanism and UNESCO projects with US input. Draws from wide array of sources that include the Archives nationales d’Haïti, the Nelson Rockefeller Foundation, Pan American Airways, interviews of elderly witnesses. Documents wide range of programs—US university scholarships, training of rural teachers with an emphasis on practical skills and agronomy, radio musical and cultural programs, broadcast courses of American English and the developmental project of Marbial Valley (1948–53). Despite heavy-handed US influence over Haiti’s government and national resources during the Occupation and later with the UNESCO project tailored to the Truman doctrine of containment toward communism, many Haitians including “anti-occupationists,” and “indigenists,” politicians and professionals alike seized opportunities opened in an expanding field of cooperation to advance

their life goals and improve their country’s international standing and future. See also parts of HLAS 75:1344. [APD]

792

Wooding, Bridget. Haitian immigrants and their descendants born in the Dominican Republic. (in Oxford research encyclopedia of Latin American history. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 2018, latinamericanhistory.oxfordre .com) As this article reminds us, “In 2013 the Dominican Constitutional Court (CC) handed down a sentence that went way beyond the practice of denial at the point of birth registry: it attempted to remove the Dominican nationality already acquired bona fide by persons born in the Dominican Republic to immigrants with an irregular migration status at the time of the birth of their offspring, going as far back as 1929.” In an effort to understand the current realities as constructed by the citizenshipstripping Sentencia (p. 168–13) decision in 2013, this ORELAH entry argues for the need to contextualize the court’s action as well as subsequent legislative responses (2013–2017) and citizen resistance within a longer history of discrimination and antiHaitianism in the Dominican Republic, as well as to think through the “prospects of lasting change” in its wake. Discussions of immigration patterns since the 19th century, specifically cross-border and related to sugar cultivation, and the historiography of anti-Haitian discrimination, help to contextualize the decision as well as the resulting 2013 National Regularization Plan for Foreigners with an Irregular Migration Status (PNRE) and the 2014 Naturalization Law 169–14. The article also details the build-up to the court’s decision, and the multiple groups that formed in resistance, including MUDHA, Reconoci.do, and other human rights groups. Wooding argues that legislative and civil society efforts against the ruling and legislation have been critical but that the “cultural turn perhaps holds the key to more sustainable gains in compliance with the rights of Haitian migrants and their family members.” She concludes the entry with a reflection on performance artist David Perez “Karmadavis” and his prize-winning 2016 video piece as an argument for the value of cultural commentary

History: The Caribbean and French Guiana: 20th Century / 187 in moving public opinion toward a more inclusive reality of citizenship. Useful discussions of the broader literature and primary sources, regularly included in these ORELAH entries, follow the analysis. [ESM]

793

Yoder, April. Un compromiso de tod@s: women, Olympism, and the Dominican third way. (in In Olimpismo: the Olympic movement in the making of Latin America and the Caribbean. Fayetteville, AK: University of Arkansas Press, 2020, p. 131–146) Expanding on her discussion of the Dominican “Third Way” under the Balaguer doce años presented in her ORELAH article (see item 794), Yoder dives deeper into the context and underlying messages of the XII Central American and Caribbean Games hosted in Santo Domingo in 1974. Describing it as “Balaguer’s use of social programs and public investment in infrastructure, housing, and sport that aligned with the Cuban and Soviet models of social justice to bolster his claims of democratic governance while engaging in authoritarian repression to maintain stability and order in the country” the Dominican Third Way was a kind of rhetorical gymnastics undertaken by the regime in furtherance of a progressive international reputation (p. 132). However, as Yoder points out, Dominicans themselves were aware of the façade and willing to engage with it to advance their own community needs. The chapter also focuses on the increased participation of women in sports and sports administration during this period and the ways Dominican women used the Games to assert their citizenship and contributions to the purported democratization of the nation under Balaguer. [ESM]

794

Yoder, April. Dominican baseball and Latin American pluralism, 1969–1974. (in Oxford research encyclopedia of Latin American history. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 2016, latinamericanhistory.oxfordre.com) This entry is a compelling take on the role of sport in regional diplomacy and soft power relations during the Cold War. Arguing that the Balaguer regime sought to develop a geopolitical “Third Way” in casting the Dominican Republic “as an international actor and model of American solidar-

ity at home and abroad” Yoder contributes to the slowing expanding work on the doce años (Balaguer’s “twelve years”) in the Dominican Republic. As new research has been demonstrating, the period of Balaguer’s fi rst regime (1966–78) is a significant area of study for its opportunities to highlight citizen demands for democratization postdictatorship, the international machinations of an authoritarian leader in the midst of the Caribbean Cold War, and the impacts of neoliberal development on society and culture. Focusing on baseball and “sporting fraternity” through “the Amateur World Series in 1969 and the XII Central American and Caribbean Games in 1974” Yoder describes how Balaguer “leaned on sport to balance the contradictions of repression with claims to protect civil freedoms” (p. 10). As many of his efforts at cultivating an international reputation of diplomacy and democracy demonstrated, this outward shine was both a fragile cover for much deeper domestic cracks and an effective technique in cultivating a postdictatorial image. Useful discussions of the broader literature and primary sources, regularly included in these ORELAH entries, follow the analysis. [ESM]

795

Zeller, Neici M. “Fighting for its rightful place”: nursing, dictatorship, and modernization in the Dominican Republic, 1930–1961. (Nurs. Hist. Rev., 26:1, 2018, p. 172–196, bibl.) Representing an exciting new research direction, this article introduces readers to the history of professional nursing during the dictatorship of Rafael Trujillo. Specifically, Zeller juxtaposes the purported “modern” public health system touted by the regime and its failure to support professionalized nursing within that field. In what Zeller terms “a one-sided appropriation by the Dominican regime of only those aspects of internationally sponsored reforms that would suit its immediate purposes without requiring structural change” (or “strategic adaptation” (p. 190)) this “modern sanitary model” resulted in the purposeful marginalization of nurses as the regime refusing to accede to international recommendations for an independent school, training standardization, or increased salaries (p. 172– 173). In addition to the article’s insight on

188 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Dominican nursing and its struggles to attain recognition and value in the context of the Cold War, the piece also makes clear the intricate and interconnected transnational alliances orchestrated by the regime to both bolster its international (and US-directed) image, as well as to selectively reinforce its authoritarian methods of control. However, it also achieves an important third, and restorative, goal, which is providing a voice for those women—Dominican and international—who contributed to the debate about nursing, women’s professionalization, and public health. In addition to extensive research in the Archivo General de la Nación, the article benefits considerably from primary documents culled in the Rockefeller

Archives Center (Tarrytown, NY) and several other repositories. [ESM]

796

Zulawski, Ann. Environment, urbanization, and public health: the bubonic plague epidemic of 1912 in San Juan, Puerto Rico. (LARR, 53:3, 2018, p. 500–516, bibl.) The bubonic plague outbreak in Puerta de Tierra, a working-class neighborhood adjacent to San Juan inhabited by large numbers of Afro-Puerto Ricans, is the entry point for a study of the government’s biased responses to a public health crisis. That the poorest residents suffered the most during the outbreak shows how class, race, and colonial policy intersected, shaping the actions of health and civil authorities. [LG]

SPANISH SOUTH AMERICA Colonial Period MATTHEW CRAWFORD, Associate Professor of History, Kent State University MICHAEL HUNER , Associate Professor of History, Grand Valley State University

PERU RECENT SCHOLARSHIP on the history of Peru in the colonial period continues to build on existing themes and topics while also pushing our understanding in new directions, including one selection that invites us to follow our nose through the streets of colonial Lima. The social history of the various racial and ethnic groups in colonial society remains prominent with new works focusing on immigrant communities as well as the cosmopolitanism of Indigenous elites and the agency of enslaved women as legal protagonists. A number of works illustrate the ways in which scholarship continues to grapple with the cultural and political discourse throughout the colonial period, but especially during the period of the uprisings, revolts, and independence movements of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. From the “smellscapes” of Lima to the social composition of an agricultural and fishing town in Trujillo, these works represent the extraordinary range of current scholarship on the history of colonial Peru. Studies of identities and interactions between different groups in colonial society remain common in much of the recent work. Due to an abundance of sources and the presence of a variety of social and ethnic groups, major cities and urban areas understandably remain a focus in much of this literature. Nonetheless, there are exceptions, especially among articles and books published by scholars based in Peru and South America. A good example is a recent study by Miguel Ángel Silva Esquén of the Libro de Bautizos y Matrimonios of the Villa de Arnedo from 1569 to 1625 (item 808). Such studies are a useful resource for understanding the social and ethnic compositions of villages and towns in Peru as they pro-

188 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Dominican nursing and its struggles to attain recognition and value in the context of the Cold War, the piece also makes clear the intricate and interconnected transnational alliances orchestrated by the regime to both bolster its international (and US-directed) image, as well as to selectively reinforce its authoritarian methods of control. However, it also achieves an important third, and restorative, goal, which is providing a voice for those women—Dominican and international—who contributed to the debate about nursing, women’s professionalization, and public health. In addition to extensive research in the Archivo General de la Nación, the article benefits considerably from primary documents culled in the Rockefeller

Archives Center (Tarrytown, NY) and several other repositories. [ESM]

796

Zulawski, Ann. Environment, urbanization, and public health: the bubonic plague epidemic of 1912 in San Juan, Puerto Rico. (LARR, 53:3, 2018, p. 500–516, bibl.) The bubonic plague outbreak in Puerta de Tierra, a working-class neighborhood adjacent to San Juan inhabited by large numbers of Afro-Puerto Ricans, is the entry point for a study of the government’s biased responses to a public health crisis. That the poorest residents suffered the most during the outbreak shows how class, race, and colonial policy intersected, shaping the actions of health and civil authorities. [LG]

SPANISH SOUTH AMERICA Colonial Period MATTHEW CRAWFORD, Associate Professor of History, Kent State University MICHAEL HUNER , Associate Professor of History, Grand Valley State University

PERU RECENT SCHOLARSHIP on the history of Peru in the colonial period continues to build on existing themes and topics while also pushing our understanding in new directions, including one selection that invites us to follow our nose through the streets of colonial Lima. The social history of the various racial and ethnic groups in colonial society remains prominent with new works focusing on immigrant communities as well as the cosmopolitanism of Indigenous elites and the agency of enslaved women as legal protagonists. A number of works illustrate the ways in which scholarship continues to grapple with the cultural and political discourse throughout the colonial period, but especially during the period of the uprisings, revolts, and independence movements of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. From the “smellscapes” of Lima to the social composition of an agricultural and fishing town in Trujillo, these works represent the extraordinary range of current scholarship on the history of colonial Peru. Studies of identities and interactions between different groups in colonial society remain common in much of the recent work. Due to an abundance of sources and the presence of a variety of social and ethnic groups, major cities and urban areas understandably remain a focus in much of this literature. Nonetheless, there are exceptions, especially among articles and books published by scholars based in Peru and South America. A good example is a recent study by Miguel Ángel Silva Esquén of the Libro de Bautizos y Matrimonios of the Villa de Arnedo from 1569 to 1625 (item 808). Such studies are a useful resource for understanding the social and ethnic compositions of villages and towns in Peru as they pro-

History: Spanish South America: Colonial / 189

vide insight into the relative numbers of Indigenous peoples, Africans or peoples of African descent, and Spaniards as well as mestizos and mulattos in different communities. This study is all the more useful in that it provides insight into the composition and evolution of a colonial society in the wake of the conquest of Peru. Studies of government sources that identify and enumerate the different groups in colonial society have also been used to illuminate the phenomenon of immigration to Peru, to Latin America, and within the wider Atlantic World. Not surprisingly, Lima, the viceregal capital, provides the backdrop for many works on the social history of immigrants to colonial Peru. Although we know quite a bit about the migration of Europeans to Spanish America, there is still more work to be done as demonstrated by a recent article by Gleydi Sullón Barreto (item 809). Her work focuses on the experiences of Portuguese women and women of Portuguese descent in Lima during the 17th century. Although the sources on Portuguese women are scarce, which is, in part, a reflection of the smaller proportion of women among the Portuguese immigrants to Peru, Sullón Barreto nonetheless shows that these women came to play important social and economic roles in their new communities in Lima. While various recent studies have described the migrations of Indigenous peoples, peoples of African descent, peoples of mixed race, and peoples of European descent between the Americas, West Africa, and Western Europe, one group that has been largely overlooked is immigrants from Asia. A recent article by Mariano Bonialian seeks to address this oversight by focusing on immigrants to Lima from China, Japan, and Portuguese India in the 17th century (item 798). Drawing on the census of 1613, Bonialian offers a profi le of this immigrant community that focuses on their origins, routes of immigration, occupations, and family. The works of Sullón Barreto and Bonialian are suggestive of the kinds of studies that continue to enrich our understanding of various communities of immigrants and the roles that they played in Lima and other parts of Peru during the colonial period. Other works exemplify the recent interest in the ways in which Indigenous peoples and peoples of African descent navigated and negotiated the legal and governmental structures of the Spanish colonial rule. In her recent book, Fractional Freedoms (item 804), Michele McKinley highlights the experiences of enslaved African women who became litigants in a variety of cases pertaining to their bondage and freedom in 17th-century Lima. Building on scholarship that has sought to highlight the agency of marginalized groups in colonial contexts, McKinley convincingly casts the enslaved litigants as “legal protagonists” actively engaging the colonial legal system to achieve fractions of freedom in a society which understood bondage and freedom as two extremes of a sliding scale, rather than absolute states of being. Just as McKinley’s work enriches the burgeoning scholarship on slavery and Afro-Peruvians in colonial Peru, other scholarship continues to offer insight into another group often marginalized in Spanish colonial society: Indigenous peoples. Sophie Mathis’ biographical treatment of Vicente Mora Chimo (b. ~1670), a member of the Indigenous nobility from the valley of Chicama, is an example of recent scholarship that combines an interest in the ways in which Indigenous peoples navigated Spanish colonial governance with an interest in the movement of Indigenous elites and intellectuals within in the Spanish Empire (item 802). In his role as procurador general, Mora Chimo traveled from Trujillo to Lima to Madrid and, as a result, is further evidence of the “cosmopolitan Andeans” recently described by José Carlos de la Puente. Histories of

190 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76

Indigenous elites and intellectuals who navigated the changing contours of Spanish colonial governance in the era of the Bourbon Reforms, also offer insight into the early phases of Indigenous Andean revolts and uprisings in the mid- to late 18th century. Through their work, McKinley and Mathis reveal how Indigenous and enslaved peoples negotiated the structures of Spanish colonial rule and, in so doing, contributed to the shape of colonial society. With the recent celebration of the bicentennial of Peruvian independence, it will come as no surprise that the era of uprisings, revolts, revolutions and independence movements of the later 18th century remain a significant focus in recent scholarship. Several important concerns frame this line of scholarship, including the causes of the independence movements, the role and interests of different social and ethnic groups in royalist and revolutionary movements, the impact of independence on the different groups that comprised Peru’s multi-ethnic and multiracial society, and the formation of new national identities and political discourses. One recent collection of essays, edited by Manuel Chust and Claudia Rosas Lauro, frames on the independence of Peru as a “historical process” with several essays focusing on competing political discourses and competing conceptions of liberty, sovereignty, and independence (item 806). This book engages recent trends that emphasize the indeterminacies and divergences that made the Latin American independence much more complex and heterogenous than stilldominant nationalist narratives would suggest. The essays build on recent scholarship that casts new nations, such as Peru, not as the predetermined outcomes of revolutionary movements, but as the products of historical contingencies and the negotiations between the various political and social groups that shaped the transition from colony to nation. While much of the scholarship on the revolutions and independence movements of the late 18th century has focused on the trajectories of specific places— viceroyalties, audiencias, or cities—through this period, several recent studies have embraced a more comparative framework. Many of these studies draw upon the insights of the historiographies of world history and Atlantic history, in which connections and comparisons between different regions feature prominently as methodological approaches. Oftentimes, such studies employ comparison as an analytical tool to explain how different regions achieved different outcomes in the era of the independence movements. Who Should Rule by Monica Ricketts offers a comparative study of the experiences of intellectual and military elites in Peru and Spain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries (item 807). Her analysis meticulously traces the interactions and competition between these two groups that sought to control and defi ne the new nations. Like recent scholarship that has emphasized the long shadow that the imperial past has cast on the nations of Latin America, Ricketts argues that the instability of Peru and Spain during the 19th century had a common origin in the tensions that arose in the Spanish Empire during the 18th century as a result of the Bourbon Reforms. Both Ricketts’ study and the collection of essays edited by Chust and Lauro join ongoing efforts in historical scholarship to shed light on the intellectual, cultural, and social origins of the political discourse that came to defi ne the new nations in 19th-century Latin America. Discourse—political or otherwise—provides a language for describing and envisioning communities and their organization. Just as scholarship on the independence movements has recently focused on understanding the discourses that different groups used to articulate new visions of the social and political order,

History: Spanish South America: Colonial / 191

an important thread of scholarship on colonial Peru also focuses on the ways in which different groups imagined the social and political order under colonial rule. Two recent publications are indicative of this trend, and both focus on Lima. In his book, Fernando Iwasaki examines the manifestation of the Hispanic Baroque in 17th-century Lima through the categories of “the marvelous” and “the imaginary” (item 800). Iwasaki’s work is also a good example of the interdisciplinary methodology used in studies focused on discourse. He applies the techniques of historical and literary analysis to a variety of printed books and manuscripts from theater and poetry to astronomy and geography, as well as an analysis of several dozen Baroque saints to demonstrate the importance of the marvelous and the imaginary in the conception of Lima as a sacred place. Just as religion and religious identity remain a perennial theme in the cultural history of colonial Peru, so do Creole identity and patriotism. José Antonio Mazzotti’s Lima Fundida is exemplary of recent scholarship on the latter theme (item 803). Rooted more squarely in literary studies, Mazzotti examines a series of epics about Lima and Peru produced by Creole writers from Pedro de Oña to Pedro de Peralta. In his analysis, Mazzotti focuses on the formation of Creole identity and conceptions of the nation that struggled to reconcile the racial and ethnic diversity of colonial society in Lima with the imaginings of a national identity that was exclusively “neo-European.” Such scholarship continues to highlight the dynamism and tensions of cultural, intellectual, and religious life in colonial Peru. While much recent work adds new evidence and interpretations to longstanding themes in the scholarship, other work strikes out in new directions to enrich our understanding of Peru during the colonial period. In recent decades, there has been a significant increase in the scholarship focusing on the history of science, medicine, and the environment in Latin America in general and Peru in particular. Much of this work has emphasized the ways in which Latin America was home to many ways of knowing the natural world, while also emphasizing the important ways that the peoples of Latin America contributed to the global history of science, medicine, and the environment. In Making Medicine in Early Colonial Peru, Linda Newson has provided a landmark study of the early decades of professional medicine in colonial Peru (item 805). Through a detailed social history of apothecaries in Lima prior to 1650, this study emphasizes the ways in which the systems of education, licensing, and regulation of the medical professions encouraged these apothecaries to hew closely to the traditional humoral medicine of Europe and avoid experimentation and innovation with the various novel plant and animal materials of the Americas. While much recent scholarship has focused on the cooptation of Indigenous and African healing knowledge by Europeans or the hybridization of European, Indigenous and African healing knowledges, the case of Lima’s apothecaries provides an example of an important community of healers that was remarkably resistant to such impulses. For historians interested in the different ways of knowing that existed in the early modern world, one fruitful and burgeoning area of cutting-edge research has been the history of the senses or sensory history. Scholarship in the history of the senses has explored several important topics, including how early modern people understood the senses and their utility as sources of knowledge about the world and how different kinds of sensory perceptions shaped societies and cultures in the past. An example of the latter is a recent article by Kathleen Kole de Peralta (item 801) focused on the “smellscapes” of colonial Lima. Specifically, she studies the ways in which humoral medicine’s conception of the negative health effects

192 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76

of bad odors shaped urban planning in the viceregal capital, including an effort to resettle Lima’s Indigenous population and repeated decisions to concentrate the producers of bad odors, such as slaughterhouses, in the city’s multi-ethnic neighborhood of San Lázaro. Scholarship on the previously overlooked sensory experience of colonial spaces offers us another way of understanding how theories of the senses were used to embed hierarchies of race and class into the built environment of colonial Latin America. One fi nal important contribution to the scholarship on colonial Peru is the publication of primary sources in modern editions. Several of the works discussed above include appendices with transcriptions of key documents. In addition to these, Stephen Hart has produced a critical edition of the documents related to the canonization of Santa Rosa de Lima (1587–1617). These documents include testimonies from nearly 200 individuals, as well as a sacred biography by Friar Pedro de Loaysa. Such publications play an important role in making archival documents more widely available so that more researchers and scholars can make use of them. The documents related to Santa Rosa, the fi rst saint from Latin America, offer important fi rst-hand insight into religiosity in Baroque Lima. The range of topics in the historical scholarship is, ultimately, a reflection of the complexity of the lived experience in colonial Peru. Some of the works featured here demonstrate that there is still much to learn about classic topics such as the racial and ethnic composition of colonial society and the concepts and discourse that constituted Creole identity and different visions of Peru as a nation. Other works show that new historical subfields such as the history of the senses can yield new insights into the dynamics of colonialism in Peru. As a group, these selections show that the city of Lima looms large in scholarship as the backdrop for many of the studies featured here. Hopefully, current and future scholarship will offer more insight into the other urban spaces and rural areas of colonial Peru so that we can determine the extent to which these fi ndings from Lima are idiosyncratic or representative of the colonial experience. [MC]

NUEVA GRANADA

797

Ortega Martínez, María Liliana. Medicamentos simples para males graves: los Casos felices y auténticos de medicina de Domingo Rota como ventana abierta a las artes de curar santafereñas (Santafé, 1750–1830). Bogotà: Editorial Universidad del Rosario, 2016. 172 p.: bibl. (Colección Opera prima) Domingo Rota (1752–18?) was an 18th-century clockmaker, silversmith and physician in Santa Fe de Bogotá who wrote a book, Casos felices y auténticos de medicina, which was published in 1830. In examining the medical cases Rota describes, this microhistorical study brings to light key aspects of medical practices at the end of the 18th century in Bogotá and its environs. The author explores Rota’s life, his process of acquiring medical knowledge, his relations

with other practitioners, the contents of his book, and the relation between all these matters and the social and historical context in which Rota practiced medicine. The study includes a helpful glossary of medical terms. Fascinating biography of a littleknown colonial doctor. [J. Rausch] PERU

798

Bonialian, Mariano Ardash. Asiáticos en Lima a principios del siglo XVII. (Bull. Inst. fr. étud. andin., 44:2, 2015, p. 205–236, bibl., tables) This article provides an analysis of the immigrants from China, Japan, and Portuguese India as listed in Padrón de los indios of 1613. While several studies have analyzed the 1613 census, this article is one of the fi rst to use the census to discuss the

History: Spanish South America: Colonial: Peru / 193 social and economic characteristics of the community of Asian immigrants in Lima. It discusses the origins of immigrants and routes of immigration as well as the working and family lives of the three different groups of Asian immigrants. Some comparisons are made with the community of Asian immigrants in Mexico. Several tables are included with numerical data from the 1613 census on the Chinese, Japanese, and Indian immigrants. Notably, an appendix lists all 109 of the Asian immigrants from the 1613 census with their age, their place of origin, their marriage status, their residence, the amount of time they have resided in Lima, their profession, and how many children they have. Not all this information is available for all the individuals listed. [MC]

799

Edición crítica del proceso apostólico de Santa Rosa de Lima, 1630–1632: Congr. Riti Processus 1573, Archivum Secretum Vaticanum. Edición de Stephen M. Hart. Lima: Editorial Cátedra Vallejo, 2017. 782 p.: bibl., index. This publication is a transcription and critical edition of the documents that initiated the canonization process for Santa Rosa de Lima in April 1630. Santa Rosa de Lima (1586–1617) was born as Isabel Flores de Oliva in Lima and became a member of the Third Order of Saint Dominic in 1606. After her death, she became the fi rst saint from the Americas. This critical edition includes a short introduction by the editor that provides a brief overview of Santa Rosa’s biography and historical context as well as a review of the canonization process. The edition offers a transcription of an original manuscript from the Archive of the Archbishop of Lima supplemented with material from a copy of the manuscript in the Archivum Secretum Vaticanum in Rome. The bulk of this edition consists of transcriptions of testimonies from 188 individuals collected between 1630 and 1632. The edition also includes an early sacred biography of Rosa by Friar Pedro de Loaysa as well as Spanish translations of four Latin poems praising Rosa. An appendix provides a list of all the testimonies given in the manuscript. These sources offer important insight into religious life in 17th-century Lima and the canonization of the fi rst saint from the Americas. [MC]

800

Iwasaki Cauti, Fernando. ¡Aplaca, Señor, tu ira!: Lo maravilloso y lo imaginario en Lima colonial. Prólogo de Luis Millones Santa Gadea. Epílogo por Fernando R. de la Flor. Lima: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2018. 446 p.: bibl., ill., index. (Sección de obras de historia) In this monograph, the author employs the techniques of historical and literary analysis to explore the globalization of the Hispanic Baroque as manifested in 17th-century Lima. This study argues that the categories of “marvelous” and “imaginary” are not only useful for understanding the Baroque worldview but also constituted the “locus sanctus” in the diocese of Lima (p. 26). To demonstrate the centrality of the marvelous and the imaginary, the book draws on a variety of printed works in theater, poetry, literature, geography, astronomy, and chronology in addition to archival sources including several from the Inquisition related to the prosecution of religious heterodoxy. Religion is the primary focus, and a major goal is to explore popular perceptions of sanctity through a discussion of several dozen Baroque saints, such as Rosa de Santa María, and other religious individuals that attracted significant followings and were the subject of hagiographies. The study includes several useful supporting features such as a chronological list of individuals that were the objects of popular religious devotion and hagiographies, a table of the “imaginary chronology” listing important natural and supernatural episodes in the 17th century, a catalog of colonial hagiographies, lists of witnesses for the processes to gain official recognition of the sanctity of various limeños (Francisco de Solano, Rosa de Santa María, Diego Martínez SJ, Juan Sebastián Parra, Juan Macías, Martín de Porres, Fancisco del Castillo SJ, Nicolás Ayllón), a transcription of a hagiography of Padre Martín de Ayala, and the last will and testament Luisa Melgarejo. [MC]

801

Kole de Peralta, Kathleen. Mal olor and colonial Latin American history: smellscapes in Lima, Peru, 1535–1614. (HAHR, 99:1, Feb. 2019, p. 1–30, bibl., maps) This article explores the history of early colonial Lima through the lens of sensory history, an approach that focuses

194 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 on how people in the past experienced their world through sight, smell, hearing, taste, touch, and feeling. It focuses on “smellscapes,” a term that refers to “how humans construed the environment ‘through their bodies’ and interpreted odors’ effect on human health” (p. 2). The discussion begins with a review of early modern humoral medicine and the miasma theory of disease and subsequent sections of the article show how the civic leaders and residents of Lima used these theories to understand the effect of bad odors on their bodies. Drawing on the archival records of Lima’s town council, the article demonstrates how council members used theories about the negative effects of bad odors to justify the resettlement of Lima’s Indigenous population in the 1570s. It also shows that council members used such theories to concentrate the producers of bad odors—hospitals, butcher shops, slaughter houses, tanneries, municipal dumps—in the multiethnic neighborhood of San Lázaro. The article argues that such actions should be understood as a form of environmental colonization and conquest of Peru as the result of “the intentional transformation and invasion of land and air and the separation of neighborhoods, into healthy and unhealthy spaces” (p. 9). [MC]

802

Mathis, Sophie. Una figura de la primera globalización de la América española: Vicente Mora Chimo o el itinerario original de un cacique ladino: de la costa norte del Perú a la Corte de España a principios del siglo XVIII. Lima: Fondo Editorial, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, 2017. 550 p.: bibl., ill., maps. This book is the fi rst full-length biography of Vicente Mora Chimo (b. ~1670), a member of the Indigenous nobility from the valley of Chicama in Trujillo who eventually became Procurado General de los Indios del Perú and traveled to the royal court in Madrid. Mora Chimo is an important example of an Indigenous intellectual navigating the complex worlds of colonial society during the long colonial middle between the era of conquest and the era of the independence movements. Drawing on archival materials from Trujillo, Lima, Madrid, and Seville, this study illuminates the attitudes of the Indigenous nobility in Peru to the colonial authority of the Spanish

Crown. The biography is broken into three chronological parts: the fi rst part casts Mora Chimo in terms of the social and historical contexts and traditions of Trujillo, the second part explores Mora Chimo’s move from Lima to Madrid through a focus on his social networks, including his relationship with colonial magistrates and caciques, the third part examines Mora Chimo’s relationship with colonial authority and with the Andean rebellions of the mid 18th century. The book offers several appendices that include transcriptions and reproductions of Mora Chimo’s memorials and manifestos in his capacity as representative of Indigenous communities, transcriptions and reproductions of documents related to Mora Chimo, a chronology of his life juxtaposed with important events in the Viceroyalty of Peru and the Spanish Empire, a collection of 18th-century watercolors and modern photographs that illustrate life in colonial Trujillo, and a glossary. [MC]

803

Mazzotti, José Antonio. Lima fundida: épica y nación criolla en el Perú. Madrid: Iberoamericana; Frankfurt am Main: Vervuert, 2016. 400 p.: bibl., index. (Tiempo emulado; 53) This book is a study of epics and the poetic tradition in Viceroyalty of Peru from the late 16th to the early 18th centuries. It focuses on epics in Spanish and an “epic discourse” in or about Lima through a series of chapters that analyze several key texts in chronological order from Pedro de Oña’s Arauco domado (1596) in chapter 1 to Pedro de Peralta’s Lima Funddia (1723) in chapter 6. The analysis seeks to understand these texts in relation to their “writing subjects” and the “network of political and identity negotiations” in which they were embedded. A major theme is the formation and dynamics of Creole identity as the book emphasizes the dialectical relationship between Creole social interests, epic poetry, and an emerging ethnic nationality in colonial Peru. The chapters also explore tensions and ambivalence expressed in these epics as Creole writers struggled to reconcile a national identity that is imagined to be racially and ethnically “neo-European” with the reality of Peru’s Indigenous past and the heterogeneous, multiracial society of the colonial period. [MC]

History: Spanish South America: Colonial: Peru / 195

804

McKinley, Michelle A. Fractional freedoms: slavery, intimacy, and legal mobilization in colonial Lima, 1600–1700. New York, NY: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2016. 282 p.: bibl., ill., index. (Studies in legal history) This book focuses on the experiences of enslaved litigants in 17th-century Lima. The main argument is that the enslaved, freed, and free peoples of colonial Lima all embraced and operated under the presumption of “fractional freedom,” a phrase that refers to a system in which most enslaved peoples experienced varying degrees of quasi emancipation or contingent liberty on a wide spectrum from bondage to autonomy. The book also shows how the processes for achieving fractional freedom were gendered and available to enslaved men and women in different ways. Evidence comes primarily from a systematic survey of hundreds of lawsuits in both the ecclesiastical and secular courts of Lima with supporting and contextual evidence from parochial sources, marriage and baptismal records, notarial records, diaries and journals. After an overview of the main institutions, offices, and procedures of the legal system in colonial Spanish America, subsequent chapters reveal enslaved women, in particular, as “legal protagonists,” in various types of cases including those relating to efforts to prevent the separation of enslaved spouses, to nonsexual but affective relations between owners and domestic slaves, to the challenges that freed children faced, to disputes over the emancipation of slaves in testaments and wills, and to cases involving breach-ofcontract, where the enslaved were characterized as faulty merchandise. [MC]

805

Newson, Linda A. Making medicines in early colonial Lima, Peru: apothecaries, science and society. Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2017. 346 p.: bibl., index. (Atlantic world: Europe, Africa and the Americas, 1500–1830, 34) This pioneering study examines the history of professional medicine in early colonial Peru by “focusing on the daily practices of apothecaries” in Lima (p. 15). Early chapters focus on the education and licensing of apothecaries as well as the logistics of running a pharmacy and the trade in materia medica and medicines. The second

half of the book focuses on the intellectual and physical labor of apothecaries in making medicine with one chapter discussing the ways in which medical theories and the enforcement of orthodoxy shaped medical practice. Additional chapters provide a detailed overview of the preparation of different types of medicine and seeks to explain why apothecaries in Lima followed the orthodoxy of European humoral medicine so closely. Ultimately, the book seeks to bring to light the “complex nature of science in Peru” (p. 11) and argues that apothecaries in Lima had the potential to experiment and innovate but generally chose to follow European humoral medicine by employing orthodox preparations and continuing to use materia medica from the Old World rather than embracing the materia medica of the Americas. Includes two appendices of books shipped to apothecaries and another appendix listing the materia medica in pharmacies in Spain and Lima. [MC]

806

El Perú en revolución: independencia y guerra: un proceso, 1780–1826. Edición de Manuel Chust y Claudia Rosas. Castelló de la Plana, Spain: Universitat Jaume I; Zamora, Michoacán: El Colegio de Michoacán, 2017. 345 p.: bibl. (Col·lecció América; 37) The unifying theme of this collection of 17 essays is a focus on “the historical process of the independence of Peru” (p. 15). The volume opens with two historiographical essays: one highlighting the lack of scholarship on the role of Indigenous peoples in the wars for independence and another on the seminal work of José Carlos Mariategui. Of the remaining essays, a majority focus on the development and interactions of competing political concepts, languages, and discourses during such crucial episodes as the uprisings of 1780, the crisis of the Spanish Monarch in 1808, the promulgation of the Constitution of 1812, and the wars for independence. Some essays focus on the political discourses of royalists versus liberals, while one focuses on the meaning of concepts like liberty, sovereignty, and independence among subaltern groups in Lima. Several essays focus on the role of printing, pamphlets, and rumors in shaping political culture and specific events such as the Huánuco Rebellion of 1812. Finally,

196 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 several essays focus on key events, battles, and developments during the wars of independence and how specific regions and cities experienced them including essays on Arequipa, Cuzco, Trujillo, Tarapaca, and Lima. Ultimately, the goal of the volume is to destabilize the hegemonic nationalist histories of independence by embracing new “themes, sources, and/or approaches” (p. 15). [MC]

807

Ricketts, Mónica. Who should rule?: Men of arms, the Republic of Letters, and the fall of the Spanish Empire. New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, 2017. 314 p.: bibl., ill., index. Building on the scholarship emerging out of the bicentennial celebrations of the Spanish American independence movements, this book explores the parallel histories of Spain and Peru during in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. The book focuses on the rise of “new political actors and a new way of doing politics” and argues that postindependence political instability in Spain and Peru had common origins in this new imperial order that emerged out of the Bourbon Reforms. Drawing on archival sources from Spain, Peru, England and the US, this study focuses on the “ideas, expressions and ambitions” of both men of letters and military officers as well as the cooperation and competition between these groups in their efforts to gain and maintain power. A series of chronological chapters that alternate between Spain and Peru cover a range of topics from the creation of a new class of power elites as result of the Bourbon reforms to the transition to independence in Peru the 1820s and 1830s. [MC]

808

Silva Esquén, Miguel Ángel. Bautizos y matrimonios en la antigua Villa de Arnedo, 1,569–1,625. Peru: s.n., 2013. 102 p: bibl., ill. This short work offers data on the social and ethnic composition of Villa de Arnedo from 1569 to 1625. Viceroy Diego López de Zuñiga y Velasco established Villa de Arnedo in 1562 near Lima and the town played an important role in the development of fishing and agriculture. Baptisms and marriages for the period from 1569 to 1600 are listed for españoles, indios, mulatos and negros, while data for the period from 1601 to 1625 are listed for españoles, mestizos,

indios, mulatos and negros. Some statistical analysis of the data is provided such as a table listing the baptisms of negros by ethnicity. In addition to these data from the Libro de Bautizos y Matrimonios, the book provides information on the establishment of Villa de Arnedo, lists of the viceroys and archbishops from 1569 to 1625, and biographical details on the Spanish residents of the town. It is a useful resource for scholars interested in the social history of early Spanish colonization of Peru. [MC]

809

Sullón Barreto, Gleydi. La presencia femenina entre los inmigrantes portugueses en Lima en el siglo XVII. (Rev. Complut. Hist. Am., 42, 2016, p. 267–292, bibl.) This article focuses on the experiences of Portuguese women and women of Portuguese descent who migrated to Lima in the 17th century. While the community of Portuguese immigrants in colonial Peru has been the focus of much historical scholarship, the experiences of Portuguese women has received much less attention. The study offers a profi le of the social history of Portuguese drawing from the records of the protocales notariales in the Archivo General de la Nación in Lima which only identified eight women among the 165 Portuguese immigrants to Lima from 1600 to 1680. Nonetheless, the analysis offers a collective portrait of these women by focusing on their social and economic activities, as well as their efforts to integrate into limeño society through strategic marriages of children, investing in property, making connections with religious orders, and interacting with the broader community of immigrants in Lima. The article further illuminates the experiences of Portuguese women by examining several cases of the daughters of Portuguese immigrant women. What emerges is a portrait of a community of immigrant women, many of whom were widows, who assumed the role of head of their families and engaged in successful, small-scale commercial enterprises that made them important figures in their communities and created social mobility for their children. [MC] BOLIVIA/CHARCAS

810

Santa Cruz: documentos para su historia. t. 1, v. 1–2. 1560–1600. Compilación de Eric Armando Soria Galvarro

History: Spanish South America: Colonial: Rio de la Plata / 197 Balcázar. Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia: Editorial El Deber, 2017. 2 v.: bibl., ill. Invaluable source of transcribed early colonial documents related to Santa Cruz de la Sierra. Organized by types of documents, includes documents mainly from the Archivo General de Indias in Spain, but also Bolivia, Argentina, and Paraguay. [E.D. Langer] RIO DE LA PLATA Azara, Félix de. Descripción histórica, física, política y geográfica de la Provincia del Paraguay: el Manuscrito de Madrid, 1793. See HLAS 75:700.

811

Camogli, Pablo. Pueblo y guerra: historia social de la guerra de independencia. Buenos Aires: Planeta, 2017. 292 p.: bibl. This innovative work of Camogli presents a sociopolitical history of the independence movements in the Rio de la Plata region. It concentrates on the participation of popular sectors in the sweeping political changes and confl icts of the late colonial period that eventually led to the liberation of corresponding territories of the viceroyalty from Spanish colonial rule. Camogli examines the lived experience of not only the common troops fighting in the confl icts of the era, but also the civilian populations who provisioned them. The book focuses on the mobilization of popular sectors who came to support patriot forces. With an extensive bibliography, the work draws on a synthesis of the latest scholarship on popular engagement with political developments during the period. The central argument of the work is indeed provocative: that popular sectors involved in the independence movements had developed a separate trajectory of agitation for social gains as defi ned by land and autonomy long before elite sectors pushed for political independence. And only with the onset of the imperial crisis that came with the Napoleonic invasion of Spain did Creole elite sectors ride this popular agitation and energy to realize their independence projects. In this arrangement, the fight for inchoate “nations” were not the popular sectors’ primary concerns. Camogli reminds readers that while Buenos Aires and Montevideo had indeed emerged as political and commercial centers by the

late 18th century, most of the population of the viceroyalty still resided in Alto Peru, the western Andean provinces, and the Misiones region. Thus, the Guarani mission wars (1757) and the Tupac Amaru Rebellion (1781–83) supplied two of the axes of popular agitation decades before the start of the independence struggles. The popular mobilization surrounding the fight to expel the British occupation of Buenos Aires (1806–07) was the third. From there, a vast range of different subregional experiences with independence struggles unfolded with many occurring outside the boundaries of the modern Argentine republic. The latter chapters of the book subsequently track these different theaters of independence wars. Camogli emphasizes how these theaters developed with distinct subregional dynamics—not as mere extensions of a larger fight for “Argentine” independence—occurring as they did in distinct “patrias” of the Plata viceroyalty. In all these theaters of confl ict, Camogli emphasizes, the momentum drawn from the political agitation of popular sectors took precedence. [MH]

812

Dómina, Esteban. La independencia argentina: 14 años de política, diplomacia y guerra. Córdoba, Argentina: Ediciones del Boulevard, 2016. 189 p.: bibl. Dómina offers a work of synthesis that follows the winding, ambiguous path of the “United Provinces” of the Río de la Plata toward political independence and the creation of postcolonial state structures between 1810 and 1824. It absorbs a crucial insight from recent scholarship on the independence period in the Plata region: that the exit from empire and the creation of institutions of republican governance were not natural, foreordained results of the imperial crisis unleashed by the Napoleonic invasion of the Iberian Peninsula and the subsequent captivity of the Spanish monarch. Shorn of research notes and a bibliography, the work serves more as a useful overview, emphasizing the halting trajectory toward political independence, the indeterminate condition of postcolonial political systems, and the lack of political unity among the United Provinces. An important point of departure in the early chapters is a discussion of the two commemorated “independence” dates that hint at the torturous process of leaving empire: 10 May 1810 and 9 July 1816. It

198 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 took six years of frustrated military expeditions, internal insurgencies, and brewing monarchist projects before the Tucumán congress declared a complete break from the empire. Moreover, the work narrates how ambiguities and competing goals persisted even with the 1816 independence declaration. As political uncertainties endured, the painstaking efforts of General José de San Martín to build an expeditionary force to assault royalist strongholds across the Andes proved a regular drain on the manpower and resources of provinces like Córdoba. The work remains primarily concerned with the actions of prominent political actors and patriot armies, while indeed reemphasizing what a messy project the independence of “Argentina” entailed. [MH]

813

Fraschina, Alicia. La expulsión no fue ausencia: María Antonia de San José, beata de la Compañía de Jesús: biografía y legado. Rosario, Argentina: Prohistoria Ediciones, 2015. 235 p.: bibl. (Iglesias y religiosidades; 1) This carefully researched work tracks the extraordinary life and lasting historical and spiritual legacy of María Antonia de San José, a late 18th-century beata in a Jesuit monastery in San Luis de Estero in the Tucumán province of Argentina. The expulsion of the Jesuits from the Spanish Empire in 1767 had “orphaned” María Antonia from her monastery. She proceeded to lead a life of pilgrimage and spiritual devotion to the project of the Jesuit’s return. She founded houses for Jesuit-inspired spiritual exercises in cities throughout the viceroyalty of the Rio de la Plata, including a permanent facility in Buenos Aires that she led until her death in 1799. In a larger context, Fraschina’s work explores the curious institutional practice that was the beata—women committed to monasteries and convents who did not necessarily assume religious orders, but did serve in a variety of domestic labor and spiritual capacities. Conventional practice in Europe saw the employment of beatas by religious orders as a mechanism to receive marginalized women. In the Americas, women of all social classes ended up as beatas, often with different degrees of commitment and spirituality. The experiences of María Antonia de San José reveal a remarkable case of popular religiosity persisting well after the abrupt removal of

an entrenched Catholic order, as well as the ability of women to construct autonomous spaces of influence within the patriarchal social, economic, and political systems of the late colonial Río de la Plata. Remarkable as well were the globalized networks that María Antonia participated in, comprised of expelled Jesuits who then became influential correspondents, publicists, and, to this day, promoters of her ongoing candidacy for Catholic sainthood. [MH]

814

Prado, Fabrício Pereira. Edge of empire: Atlantic networks and revolution in Bourbon Rio de la Plata. Oakland, Calif.: University of California Press, 2015. 245 p.: bibl., ill., index, maps. Prado provides a groundbreaking work on the lives and networks of late colonial merchants in the Banda Oriental (present-day Uruguay). The book reveals just how crucial trans-imperial contraband commercial networks between Spanish and Portuguese realms were for merchants residing in the major port cities of the Plata. It also demonstrates just how fluid imperial loyalties were for the merchants working and thriving off such networks. Its point of departure highlights how political representatives advancing the interests of the merchant classes in the Banda Oriental openly embraced incorporation into the Luso-Brazilian empire in 1821 during the culmination of the continent’s independence struggles—as opposed to seeking provincial independence or incorporation into the newly independent United Provinces. These elites’ primary concern was the preservation of their trans-imperial commercial networks, especially as one empire, the Spanish, was melting away. The book, in turn, follows the development of the social, political, and economic factors that produced such a declaration of imperial dependence. Prado explores how fluid imperial loyalties and trans-imperial contraband networks were central features of colonial life in the Banda Oriental since its emergence as a contested domain in the late 17th century. The founding and early consolidation of the Portuguese imperial outpost of Colonia do Sacramento remained dependent on illicit ties with the Spanish Empire, which provided jerky and silver in exchange for captive Africans, even as frontier confl ict raged between the two realms. The

History: 19th and 20th Centuries: Venezuela / 199 repeated ouster of the Colonia settlement by Spanish forces from the Banda Oriental did not represent a full displacement of the Portuguese merchant families residing there. Rather many such families switched their loyalties to the Spanish Crown, took up residence in the emerging port city of Montevideo, and continued to work their familial and business ties from within the Portuguese Empire to conduct trade and turn their profits. Prado tracks the rise of Montevideo as perhaps the most important Spanish commercial hub in the Plata region by the late 18th century. This proved the case even as the port city became politically subordinate to the capital Buenos Aires

with the creation of the new viceroyalty in 1776. Rivalry persisted among merchant families residing in Montevideo and Buenos Aires respectively, especially as elites in the former sought greater prestige and commercial autonomy in light of their deeper port and thicker extra-imperial trading connections. Prado demonstrates how the “Atlantic life” of the merchant Don Manuel Cipriano Melo was illustrative of life as a merchant in late-colonial Montevideo and why many of his class were interested in postponing revolution, continued adoring monarchs, and aimed to retain their trading connections even as political revolution raged on both sides of the Atlantic. [MH]

19th and 20th Centuries Venezuela PETER S. LINDER , Professor of History, New Mexico Highlands University

BECAUSE OF VENEZUELA’S ONGOING political upheavals and economic woes, among other factors, the publication of works dealing with modern Venezuelan history appears to have declined. In addition, the current COVID-19 pandemic has complicated access to recent works published in the country. Thankfully, however, several valuable works are freely available online. The number of books and articles reviewed for this section is significantly smaller than in previous volumes. Nevertheless, published works continue to reflect the ongoing professionalization of Venezuela’s historians. New perspectives on the 19th and 20th centuries continue to emerge, albeit perhaps less dramatically than in previous years. One striking difference has been the decline in the number of works focusing explicitly on the connection between historical topics and the current economic and political situation. Useful studies dealing with the 19th century and the transition from colonial rule to independence deserve exploration. Moreover, exciting works dealing with historiography, the history of education, and the intersection between social history and natural disasters must be considered. One of the most striking changes is the limited number of works dealing with the independence era, particularly those focused on the Liberator, Simón Bolívar. In past HLAS volumes, many and varied works analyzed Bolívar’s life, actions, and thought. Amid the intense political confl icts wracking contemporary Venezuela, Bolívar seems to have receded somewhat from the forefront. Nonetheless, some works do engage with Bolívar and his modern legacy. One work that touches on Bolívar’s legacy focuses on his Jamaica letter (“Carta de Jamaica”). A collection of essays edited by Andrés Eloy Blanco analyzes the letter and its implications for contemporary debates about hemispheric unity and the nature of the Bolivarian Revolution (item 817).

200 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76

While Bolívar does not garner as much attention as in previous years, other significant figures of the independence era have received attention. Several works scrutinize the career and significance of Francisco de Miranda, in particular his role in the collapse of the colonial order in Venezuela and his actions in Venezuela’s independence. One essay by Peter P. Hill (item 823) explores Miranda’s connections to the US, the expedition’s organization in New York, and its legal, political, and diplomatic fallout. Other works of interest dealing with Miranda include a collection of essays about Miranda by French historians (item 828), using French archives to explore Miranda’s links with France and the Enlightenment. In addition, Elías Pino Iturrieta has edited a brief selection of key documents (item 827) revealing aspects of Miranda’s life and evolving political thought. Another intriguing political biography is Antonio Ecarri Bolívar’s examination of the career of Miguel Peña of Puerto Cabello (item 821). A lawyer, civilian leader, and confidante of Bolívar, Peña played a crucial role in independence, the governance of Colombia, and “la Cosiata,” the 1826 insurrection that contributed to the ultimate dissolution of Colombia in 1830. Other aspects of the Venezuelan independence struggle have also received attention in the recent scholarly literature. A number of works analyze changes taking place during the last decade of the colonial era and the end of Spanish hegemony in Venezuela. Juan Carlos Chaparro Rodríguez’s work outlines the efforts of civilian political leaders and theorists to limit or exclude military leaders and caudillos from politics in both Venezuela and Colombia from 1810 until 1858 (item 819). Angel Rafael Lombardi Boscán is also concerned with military history and the nature of the Venezuelan struggle for independence from Spain. His study of royalist forces in Venezuela during the waning years of the wars of independence characterizes that struggle as a prolonged civil war (item 825). A number of innovative works explore the fi nal decades of the 19th century. Specifically, several studies of intellectual history deserve mention. The fi rst examines fi n-de-siècle Venezuelan politics and culture. Jean Carlos Brizuela analyzes the career and writings of 19th-century liberal historian Laureano Villanueva (item 816). Initially a supporter and later an opponent of Antonio Guzmán Blanco, Villanueva wrote numerous political histories while serving in several of the liberal administrations of the 1870s–90s. Cecilia Rodríguez Lehmann investigates the role of “banal literature” in shaping ideas of modernity and political and social stability in late 19th-century Venezuela (item 831). Miguel Felipe Dorta Vargas analyzes the lithographs and drawings published in illustrated magazines like El Cojo Ilustrado and El Zulia Ilustrado as expressions of ideas about “the Venezuelan imaginary” and vehicles for the promotion of a distinct national identity in the fi nal decades of the 19th century and beyond (item 820). Other works dealing with 19th-century Venezuela include a study by María N. Rodríguez Alarcón evaluating the impact of a recurrent natural disaster—swarms of hungry locusts—in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in Venezuela (item 830). She asserts that while periodic outbreaks of locusts had occurred during the colonial period, the expansion of export-focused plantation agriculture greatly exacerbated the devastation caused by the late 19th-century swarms. Two useful works of local history focus on the 19th century and the relationship between state and region in Venezuela. José Agapito Hernández examines the evolution of an hacienda in the valley of Caracas into an urban parish and a public space and venue for sports and the arts, the Nuevo Circo area (item 822). David Ernesto Chacón Torres’ brief study analyzes the economic, social, and familial

History: 19th and 20th Centuries: Venezuela / 201

ties that developed between the Paraguaná Peninsula in Falcón and the Dutch island of Aruba in the crucial decade after 1840 (item 818). Relatively few of the works reviewed for this section focus on the 20th century. Doug Yarrington (item 835) investigates a series of high-profile corruption trials conducted by the fi rst Acción Democrática (AD) government (1945–48). The author asserts that the trials alienated conservatives and even moderates and contributed to the 1948 coup that toppled AD from power. Rafael Arráiz Lucca offers a collection of essays—many never before published—including biographies of Raul Leoni and other prominent figures and profi les of essential industries of 20th-century Venezuela (item 815). Two works focus on the Bolivarian Revolution and the era of Hugo Chávez Frías. Anthropologists Mario Sanoja and Iraída Vargas Arenas (item 832) have published a new edition of a 2008 book on the Bolivarian Revolution, a work touting the movement led by Chávez as a paradigm-changing event in contemporary history. A similarly positive view of the Bolivarian movement is evident in Lucas Villasenin’s (item 834) hagiographic account of the Chávez era, in which the author mounts a passionate defense of the movement against internal and international opposition. Some specialized works also merit attention. One seldom-explored field of history that appears in this section is the history of education in modern Venezuela. Three works address education from different vantage points: the fi rst is a collection (item 829) examining the foundations and complex histories of Venezuela’s four oldest universities. Multiple essays focus on the Universidad de los Andes and analyze contemporary controversies about the date of its foundation. José Francisco Juárez Pérez (item 824) investigates educational policy and politics from 1936–48 and reviews the efforts of successive governments to support lay education—despite efforts to maintain a religious focus—in the decades after the death of Juan Vicente Gómez. Elina Lovera Reyes (item 826) explores the modernization of historical study and history education at the Instituto Pedagógico de Caracas in a brief article. Another work of considerable interest on a related topic is Cristina Soriano’s pioneering study (item 833) on links between the circulation of Enlightenment and revolutionary ideas in Venezuela—despite the lack of a printing press until 1810. She ties plebeian insurrections in Coro, La Guaira, and Maracaibo to the widespread dissemination of radical ideas. In conclusion, despite the limited number of recent publications dealing with Venezuela’s 19th and 20th centuries, some noteworthy studies deserve mention. In intellectual history, political history, local and regional history, and the history of education, significant works have enriched our understanding of modern Venezuela’s history and culture. Useful contributions have provided new views of Venezuela’s transition from a colony to an independent republic. One hopes that more high-quality work will continue to emerge despite the country’s current challenges.

815

Arráiz Lucca, Rafael. El poder y el servicio: ensayos de historia política y empresarial de Venezuela. Caracas: Ediciones B Venezuela, 2016. 287 p.: bibl. This collection brings together essays on 20th- and 21st-century Venezuelan politi-

cal and business history, some new and some previously published. The essays include biographies of Raúl Leoni, Gen. Rafael Alfonzo Ravard, and other prominent political and journalistic figures and profi les of crucial Venezuelan industries and enterprises.

202 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76

816

Brizuela, Jean Carlos. Laureano Villanueva o la pasión por la historia: historiografía y política en las últimas décadas del siglo XIX venezolano. Caracas: Universidad Pedagógica Experimental Libertador, Dirección de Publicaciones, 2019. 174 p.: bibl. Based on the author’s doctoral dissertation, this book presents a useful biography and analysis of the historical writings of Laureano Villanueva (1840–1912). A medical doctor, politician, and prolific historian and journalist, Villanueva initially supported and worked under Antonio Guzmán Blanco and later opposed him due to his authoritarianism. The author characterizes Villanueva as a quintessential 19th-century public intellectual who embodied the contradictions that characterized Venezuelan liberal politicians and historians of the late 19th century.

817

La Carta de Jamaica en el siglo XXI: aproximaciones críticas a un documento bicentenario. Coordinación editorial por Andrés Eloy Burgos. Caracas: Fundación Centro Nacional de Historia, 2016. 429 p.: bibl. (Colección Bicentenario) This book brings together a collection of essays analyzing Bolívar’s famous letter from Jamaica of 1815. The Carta de Jamaica has long been considered a document crucial for an understanding of the Liberator’s political thought and program during the independence struggle. The essays are divided into three categories: the fi rst section examines the letter in the broader context of the 1810s and the end of the Napoleonic Wars; the second focuses on the circumstances surrounding the writing of the letter. The contributions in the third section discuss the letter’s relevance—particularly its message of Spanish American unity—for the 21st century. See also item 230.

818

Chacón Torres, David Ernesto and Pablo David Moreno Urbina. Influencia de Aruba en la dinámica histórica de Paraguaná (1840–1850). Edición por Isaac López. Venezuela: Corpotulipa: Flash Electronics: Fundación Literaria León Bienvenido Weffer, Grupo Tiquiba, 2014. 118 p.: bibl. Based on archival research in local archives, this study examines the various impacts of the island country of Aruba on

the history of the Paraguaná Peninsula during the decade after 1840. This study originated as part of a Venezuelan government initiative for the preservation of documentary collections of local and regional history. The authors note that the region had been devastated by the confl icts associated with independence and subsequent political upheavals. The links between the peninsula and Aruba were crucial for rebuilding the region’s economy and revitalizing its society.

819

Chaparro Rodríguez, Juan Carlos. Desmilitarizar las repúblicas!: Ideario y proyecto político de los civilistas neogranadinos y venezolanos, 1810–1858. Bogotá: Editorial Universidad del Rosario, 2017. 308 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Textos de ciencias humanas) A useful examination of civilmilitary relations in Venezuela and Colombia from independence until 1858. The author analyzes the ideas articulated by civilistas —civilian leaders often from established high-status families. He asserts that they sought to limit or eliminate military caudillos’ influence in national and regional politics and depoliticize national armies. Their arguments helped to shape politics and the emerging state in both countries. However, the civilistas enjoyed more success in Colombia than in Venezuela.

820

Dorta Vargas, Miguel Felipe. Quimeras nacionales en tinta y papel: imaginario de lo nacional en la Venezuela decimonónica; una mirada a través de las revistas ilustradas (1856–1915). Caracas: Fundación Bancaribe para la Ciencia y la Cultura, 2018. 271 p.: bibl., ill. Originating as the author’s MA thesis, this work analyzes illustrated magazines and the lithographs and photo engravings they contain as both reflections of and shapers of Venezuelan national identity in the fi nal decades of the 19th century. The author argues that late 19th-century illustrated periodicals like El Cojo Ilustrado and El Zulia Ilustrado served as vehicles for the development of a “national project” by disseminating liberal and positivist ideas, national symbols, images of colonial and modern architecture, and Venezuelan landscapes and people.

History: 19th and 20th Centuries: Venezuela / 203

821

Ecarri Bolívar, Antonio. Miguel Peña y la Cosiata: relectura de una controversia histórica. Valencia, Venezuela: IPAPEDI, 2017. 223 p.: bibl. This explicitly revisionist biography of Miguel Peña includes an examination of his role in the collapse of “Gran Colombia” and Venezuela’s establishment as an independent republic. Born in Valencia in 1770, Peña was a civilian lawyer and confidante of Simón Bolívar who played critical roles in independence and the Colombian republic. Not a professional historian, the author argues that politically driven contemporary depictions of the dissolution as a betrayal of Bolívar’s dreams of hemispheric unity are false. He characterizes the “Cosiata” of 1826 and the subsequent dissolution of Colombia into three republics as inevitable results of Francisco de Paula Santander’s tyrannical actions. Includes useful documentary annexes.

822

Hernández, José Agapito. De Hacienda La Yerbera a Parroquia Civil San Agustín. Municipio Sucre, Venezuela: Fundación Bigott, 2017. 97 p.: bibl., ill. (Así se cuenta la cultura popular) A brief illustrated study of the urbanization of a neighborhood in Caracas, the Parroquia Civil San Agustín. In 1830, the area was rural and included the Hacienda La Yerbena and other rural estates. Between 1830 and 1930, mostly in the 1880s, the area was absorbed into the nearby city of Caracas. The author argues that the hacienda’s evolution into an urban neighborhood mirrors Venezuela’s urbanization and industrialization in the century after independence. He also highlights the parroquia as a crucial public space in republican Caracas, as the home of the Nuevo Circo and a center of sports, music, popular culture, and modernity.

823

Hill, Peter P. An expedition to liberate Venezuela sails from New York, 1806. (Historian/Kingston, 78:4, Winter 2016, p. 671–689) An account of the organization and consequences of Francisco de Miranda’s failed 1806 expedition to Venezuela’s coast and attempt its liberation from Spanish rule. The author emphasizes the involvement of actors in the US—particularly New

Yorkers—in the planning and dispatch of the abortive invasion and notes the resulting diplomatic complexities facing the Jefferson administration. The trials of several prominent New Yorkers for violations of the Neutrality Act of 1794 through their involvement in Miranda’s undertaking receive particular attention.

824

Juárez Pérez, José Francisco. ¿Educación laica o religiosa?: Dos visiones y un desafío educativo en la modernización de Venezuela entre 1936–1948. Sexta edición. Caracas: Fundación Konrad Adenauer: Universidad Católica Andrés Bello, 2015. 176 p.: bibl. This work explores the development of education and educational policy in Venezuela in the wake of the death of Juan Vicente Gómez in 1935 and continuing until 1948. The author notes that the administrations of Eleázar López Contreras and Isías Medina Angarita sought to modernize and secularize education in Venezuela to reflect changes in the economy and society, and significantly expanded access to educational opportunities. These developments reflected a widespread acceptance of modern, secular education as a necessary function of the modern state.

825

Lombardi Boscán, Ángel Rafael. Estrategía de la derrota: el ejército realista en Venezuela, 1819–1823. Maracaibo, Venezuela: Universidad Católica Cecilio Acosta, 2016. 133 p.: bibl. (Colección El nombre secreto) This study builds on the author’s earlier works exploring Venezuelan independence from a royalist perspective. The author investigates “the actions that led the Spanish army to defi nitive defeat, the loss of a war and a colony, or province, as was its official designation.” The author argues that the struggle for independence in Venezuela—indeed in all of Spanish America—was, in fact, a civil war. He notes a paucity of detailed studies of most royalist leaders—with a few exceptions like José Tomás Boves— and highlights the tendency of many historians to promote or espouse a Manichean view of independence as a simple struggle between good and evil. He also challenges the historiographical orthodoxy of the current regime. The author aspires explicitly to

204 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 provide a “real” history devoid of myths and distortions and rejects the glorification of violence as a disaster for Venezuela.

Atlantic, and the connections he established between France and Venezuela. See also HLAS 56:2249.

826

829

Lovera Reyes, Elina. El Instituto Pedagógico de Caracas y los estudios históricos en Venezuela. (Bol. Acad. Nac. Hist./Caracas, 397, enero/marzo 2017, p. 128–137, bibl.) A brief survey of the role of the Instituto Pedagógico de Caracas in the advancement of historical study and the preparation of history educators in Venezuela. The author notes that the Instituto was founded in 1936 to train teachers as Venezuela was transitioning from the long-term dictatorship of Juan Vicente Gómez. Its founding coincided with the spread of the “Escuela Nueva,” a global movement to reform and invigorate education by moving away from formalism and rote memorization. Two Chilean missions participated in its founding while exiled Spanish intellectuals, such as Pedro Grases and Pablo Vila, trained generations of students in pedagogy and historical research.

827

Miranda, Francisco de. Documentos fundamentales. Selección y prólogo de Elías Pino Iturrieta. Notas de Josefi na Rodríguez de Alonso y Manuel Pérez Vila. Caracas: Biblioteca Ayacucho, 2016. 179 p.: bibl. (Colección Claves de América; 6) Edited by Elías Pino Iturrieta, this limited collection of primary source documents provides insights into the life and thought of Francisco de Miranda. The selected documents reflect Miranda’s life and views from his early life in colonial Venezuela until his last days languishing in a Spanish prison.

828

Miranda y Francia en la era de las Luces y de las revoluciones. Edición de Claudia Isabel Navas. Traducción de Yarubi Sol Díaz Colmenares. Textos de François Delprat et al. Caracas: Embajada de Francia en Venezuela, 2016. 138 p.: bibl., ill. This collection of essays was published in commemoration of the bicentennial of the death of Francisco de Miranda (1750–1816). Written by French historians, the essays make use of documents in French archives. The studies in this book analyze Miranda’s life and experiences, his role in revolutionary confl icts on both sides of the

Las primeras universidades de Venezuela: homenaje a la Universidad de los Andes en su bicentenario, 1810–2010. Coordinación de Alí Enrique López Bohórquez. Mérida, Venezuela: Universidad de los Andes, 2014. 175 p.: bibl. The essays in this collection exploring the history of higher education in Venezuela were written to commemorate the bicentennial of the Universidad de los Andes. Products of a conference on the history of Venezuelan universities, the essays explore the foundation and history of the Universidad Central de Venezuela, the Universidad de los Andes, the Universidad del Zulia, and the Universidad de Carabobo. A summary essay identifies common aspects in the history of all four institutions. Of particular interest is an essay by López Bohórquez that explores an ongoing controversy about the date of the foundation of the Universidad de los Andes and the status of the university in Caracas as the only Venezuelan institution of higher education established in the 18th century.

830

Rodríguez Alarcón, María N. Plagas, vulnerabilidades y desastres agrícolas: la sociedad venezolana a fi nes del siglo XIX. Caracas: Fundación Bancaribe para la Ciencia y la Cultura, 2017. 211 p.: bibl. This study explores the relationship between natural disasters and social and political changes in Venezuela’s history, focusing on the swarms of locusts that devastated regions of the country in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The author argues that “natural disasters” are, in fact, the product of interactions between natural forces and human activities, so that “la naturaleza no constituye un peligro en si misma.” She asserts that Venezuelan agricultural practices and the changing nature of rural society worsened the impact of locust outbreaks until the early 20th century.

831

Rodríguez Lehmann, Cecilia. Con trazos de seda: escrituras banales en el siglo XIX. Caracas: Fundavag Ediciones, 2013. 120 p.: bibl., ill. (some color). (Colección Calle real; 4) This work examines the role of “banal” literature in the literary world of Ven-

History: 19th and 20th Centuries: Venezuela / 205 ezuela’s 19th century. The author proposes a detailed scrutiny of three specific discourses often deemed banal and frivolous: writings about fashion, the illustration of fashion, and publicity, “tres discursos entrelazados tanto por la idea de la frivolidad como por las nociones del exceso y del consumo” (p. 11). The author argues that such “banal” writing enabled women to express ideas independently, despite society’s pervasively patriarchal character. She asserts that by the fi nal decades of the 19th century, writing about fashion served to promote ideas of stability and modernity and became a tool of state policy by promoting a discourse that enshrined a strong and masculine state. Sánchez García, Antonio. Anotaciones sobre Chávez: caudillismo, militarismo y dictadura. See HLAS 75:1077.

832

Sanoja, Mario and Iraida Vargas Arenas. La revolución bolivariana: historia, cultura y socialismo. Caracas: Monte Ávila Editores Latinoamericana, 2015. 300 p.: bibl. (Biblioteca Sanoja/Vargas; 3) An apparent new edition or printing of the 2008 work (see HLAS 67:1303), initially published in serial format in the journal Question between 2003 and 2006. This collection of essays espouses a rather orthodox Marxist analysis of Venezuela’s history, culminating in the Bolivarian Revolution. The book’s stated objective is to explore the origins of the revolution and support what the authors characterize as the ultimate triumph of a new era for humanity.

833

Soriano, Cristina. Tides of revolution: information, insurgencies, and the crisis of colonial rule in Venezuela. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2018. 316 p.: bibl., ill., index, maps. (Diálogos series) This groundbreaking work explores the links between the dissemination of information and revolutionary upheav-

als in Venezuela in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. The author argues that despite the lack of a printing press, revolutionary ideas circulated widely in Venezuela through imported books and pamphlets, handwritten documents, and word of mouth. The circulation of revolutionary ideas contributed to several lower-class uprisings, including upheavals in Coro, La Guaira, and Maracaibo.

834

Villasenin, Lucas Manuel. El camino de la Revolución Bolivariana: sus orígenes y desafíos. Buenos Aires: Acercándonos Ediciones, 2017. 378 p.: bibl. A highly laudatory history of the Bolivarian Revolution, written by an Argentinian professor of philosophy. The author’s stated purposes in writing the book are to provide an ideological defense of Hugo Chávez Frías and the revolution and to articulate the movement’s intent and policies in the face of national and international opposition.

835

Yarrington, Doug. Public opinion and modernity in Venezuela’s anticorruption trials, 1945–8. (J. Lat. Am. Stud., 51:1, Feb. 2019, p. 59–83) A useful article that scrutinizes a series of corruption trials held in the wake of the 1945 coup d’état that brought Acción Democrática (AD) to power. The author notes that the trials of high-ranking officials, part of AD’s push for “political modernity,” initially elicited widespread support. He uses constructionist theory to argue that the trials lost public support because of illdefi ned procedures and a lack of consensus about what precisely constituted corruption. Many moderate and conservative Venezuelans came to view the trials as the punishment of political opponents rather than the just punishment of corrupt officials. Yarrington further argues that the resulting fiasco helped create the conditions for the coup that removed AD from power in 1948.

206 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76

Colombia and Ecuador JANE M. RAUSCH , Professor Emerita of History, University of Massachusetts-Amherst

AS NOTED IN HLAS 74, the output of high-quality books and scholarly articles dealing with Colombian history has continued unabated. Journals sponsored by major Colombian universities are providing a much-needed platform for younger scholars to get their research into print, and the universities themselves are funding publication of important dissertations authored by their own PhDs. A representative example is Cortés Guerrero’s La batalla de los siglos: estado, iglesia y religión en Colombia en el siglo XIX (item 849), a revised dissertation that describes the struggle between the state and Catholic Church to adapt to new republican realities. As a fresh interpretation of the 19th century, Cortés Guerrero cogently argues that this formative period of the republic cannot be understood without acknowledging the nature and overwhelming strength of religious institutions. Two ambitious projects are underway. The fi rst, a two-volume Universidad, cultura y estado (item 887), published by the Universidad Nacional de Colombia to mark its sesquicentennial, is the initial installment of a series of 12 volumes that will record the history of higher education in the country from 1865 to the present. Judging from the fi rst volume, the completed series will represent the university as an institution in permanent debate that has consistently incorporated many voices, different beliefs, potent arguments, and rigorous analysis. Once completed, this substantial reference work will stand as a defi nitive contribution to understanding the development of Colombian higher education. The second project, Santander: cultura y política (item 871), is a threevolume anthology of the voluminous writings of lawyer, politician, and former government minister Otto Morales Benítez (1920–2015). Morales Benítez was a prolific scholar who authored over 200 books and was a member of diverse and distinguished academic organizations. After his death, his children founded the Otto Morales Benítez Center or “Centotto” in Bogotá to provide a place for scholars to study his works. The history of the Department of Santander was one of Morales’ primary interests, and the three volumes included in this report will be a useful reference work for anyone interested in that region. Compared with Colombia, articles dealing with Ecuador are few and hard to come by, however, Ecuadorianists will certainly welcome Roman and Littlefield’s publication in 2019 of Lauderbaugh’s, Historical Dictionary of Ecuador (item 898). As the most recent addition to its series of Historical Dictionaries of the Americas, this volume replaces the time-worn and out-of-print Historical Dictionary of Ecuador edited by Bork and Maier and published by Scarecrow Press in 1973. Certain to become the go-to reference work on Ecuador, it includes a chronology, an introduction, an extensive bibliography, and more than 800 crossreferenced entries on important personalities as well as aspects of the country’s politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. Turning now to the independence era, the Boletín Cultural y Bibliográfico, Vol. 53, No. 97, 2019, contains six essays—all carefully researched and magnificently illustrated—that reassess the participation of women during New Granada’s struggle for independence (see items 863, 865, 866, 882, 884, and 886). Taken together they confi rm that women were active in both the royalist and patriot causes and that their roles have been previously underestimated. Topics

History: 19th and 20th Centuries: Colombia / 207

include: the impact of the Enlightenment on the thinking of colonial women; the direct and indirection action of women in the fighting; women who were executed for their participation in the confl ict; the lot of mothers and widows who lost their loved ones in the struggle; writings of women throughout the period; and the ambivalent situation of women when they were included as “citizens” under the Constitution of 1821. Two other items worthy of note are Ortega Martínez’s biography of Domingo Rota (item 797), clock maker, silversmith, and physician who published a book describing medical practices at the end of the l8th century in Bogotá and its environs, and Del Castillo’s examination of the French scientific expedition that visited New Granada in the 1820s (item 850). The 14 entries concerning the 19th century focus on a variety of topics. There are three dealing with medicine: items 854, 856, and 878; three concerning some aspect of religion: items 848, 849, and 874; while two each tackle developments in education: items 839 and 878, and in the Caribbean: 836 and 839. Among 30 studies dealing with the 20th century, a cluster of works concerning La Violencia ranges from a biography of Camilo Torres (item 864), to the emergence of the FARC (item 844), and US involvement via Plan Colombia (item 861). Colombia’s involvement in World War II (item 870) seems to have sparked a new interest in studies of racism, be it Nazi-inspired (item 843), anti-Asian immigration (item 868), or the absence of Black Colombians in school textbooks (item 857). Other items cover the familiar topics of Amazon development, economic growth, and education, but Naranjo truly breaks new ground with his history of the hobby of birdwatching in Colombia (item 873). Continuing the trend noted in past HLAS volumes, publications about Ecuador lag in quantity and quality when compared with those dealing with Colombia. Aside from the already cited Lauderberg Dictionary, among the most innovative are Artega’s analysis of the wills written by women living in Cuenca (item 892), Bustos Lozanos’ study of the writing of national history between 1870–1950 (item 893), and two studies of the work of La Salle missionaries among Amazon Natives (items 896 and 900).

COLOMBIA

836

Abello Vives, Alberto. La isla encallada: el Caribe colombiano en el archipiélago del Caribe. Prólogo de Gustavo Bell Lemus. Bogotá: Siglo de Hombre Editores; Barranquilla: Parque Cultural del Caribe, 2015. 302 p.: bibl., ill., maps. (Biblioteca José Martí. Estudios culturales) Abello Vives points out that the Caribbean region of Colombia, while not an island, nevertheless forms a distinct part of the Caribbean archipelago. In eight cogent essays, he reviews the growth of studies that have “reinvented” the region during the last 30 years; shows what it means to be a part of the Caribbean and to live in the region; and indicates possibilities for the future. Included are discussions of the role of plantations, the impact of independence

from Spain, drug trafficking and its effect on culture, and the Caribbean world of García Márquez. The extensive bibliography will be an asset to researchers interested in pursuing the issues addressed in this volume.

837

Acevedo P., Rafael E. Hombres de letras en la provincia: produccion y comercio de libros en la República de Colombia, 1821–1874. (Anu. Colomb. Hist. Soc. Cult., 43:1, enero/junio 2016, p. 93–133, bibl., tables) Innovative study of a little-known topic—the existence of freedom of the press and the publication of books in 19th-century New Granada. Focuses on the output in the province of Cartagena, emphasizing that the effort was made to meet the demand for school textbooks. Concludes that the small market of books published between

208 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 1821–74 provided a basis for the expansion of publishing in the 20th century. Also suggests that historians, who have emphasized the constant turmoil of warring factions in the 19th century, have neglected this very important emergence of writers, books, and presses in provinces throughout the nation.

islation, travel accounts, and, especially, the school texts that were published during that era. Concludes that much was accomplished despite the political, economic, and social difficulties impeding the implementation of the Organic Decree of 1870. This is a fundamental source for any researcher interested in 19th-century education.

838

Acevedo Tarazona, Alvaro and Jhon Jaime Correa Ramírez. Tinta Roja: prensa, política y educación en la república liberal (1930–1946): El Diario de Pereira y Vanguardia Liberal de Bucaramanga. Bucaramanga, Colombia: Universidad Industrial de Santander: UTP: Colciencias, 2016. 636 p.: bibl., ill. In-depth comparison, with an emphasis on the Liberal Republic era (1930–1946), of two key Liberal family-owned newspapers: El Diario published in Pereira, Risaralda from 1929 until 1982 and La Vanguardia Liberal published in Bucaramanga, Santander from 1919 to the present. The study focuses on the role of these newspapers in shaping political and cultural developments in their respective departments. Analyzes beliefs, values, practices, and opinions expressed in these publications or, in other words, incorporates the press in an analysis of cultural history and events of the period. This is a massive, essential study in which Acevedo Tarazona and Correa Ramírez, along with their masters and doctoral students at the Universidad Industrial de Santander and the Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira investigated the archives of the two newspapers and produced peer-reviewed publications, pregrado and master’s theses, as well as one dissertation. Includes a useful chronology of the Liberal Republic.

839

Alarcón Meneses, Luis Alfonso. Educación, nación y ciudadanía en el Caribe colombiano durante el federalismo, 1857–1886. Madrid: Mercurio Editorial, 2017. 523 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Universidad; 13) This comprehensive study of the development of primary education in the Caribbean states of Bolívar and Magdalena during the Federation era shows its role in the formation of citizens and the construction of nationalism. The author considers regional developments within the context of national trends. The study’s impressive research is based on periodicals, reports, leg-

840

Álvarez Múnera, José Roberto. Mercado, ganado y territorio: haciendas y hacendados en el Oriente y el Magdalena Medio antioqueños (1920–1960). Medellín, Colombia: Universidad de Antioquia, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas: Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, 2016. 391 p.: bibl., ill., index, maps. (FCSH investigación. Historia) This revised doctoral thesis compares two regions in Antioquia—the Magdalena Medio and the Oriente—in order to understand the origin and evolution of their cattle haciendas between 1920 and 1960, a period when profound technological changes were taking place to satisfy the expanding demand in Medellín for milk and meat. Using social history methodology, Álvarez Múnera traces the different forms of organization and management models of the haciendas in the two regions. His conclusions explore the ways that the capitalist and modernizing practices incorporated by the cattle haciendas allowed them to activate business networks, provide and commercialize their products, and, at the same time, generate a productive and social transformation of the territory.

841

Amador Baquiro, Juan Carlos. Memoria al aire: gubernamentalidad, radiodifusión y nación en Colombia, 1940–1973. Bogotá: Editorial UD, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, 2017. 163 p.: bibl., ill. (Ciudadanía & democracia) A study of the projects, speeches, and programs sponsored by Radiodifusora Nacional de Colombia (RNC) between 1940 to 1973 shows how the government attempted to use radio technology to promote the national goals and popular cultures of Colombia and Latin America. Shows how the government relied on RNC to transmit a plan of reconstruction, rechristianization, and popular integration. Discusses the RCN’s relationship with the Frente

History: 19th and 20th Centuries: Colombia / 209 Nacional, the US-sponsored Alliance for Progress, and the emergence of the concept of the “Third World.” Important contribution to the history of the evolution of radio in Colombia.

842

Bassi, Ernesto. The “Franklins of Colombia”: immigration schemes and hemispheric solidarity in the making of a civilised Colombian nation. ( J. Lat. Am. Stud., 50:3, Aug. 2018, p. 673–701) During the 1820s, Colombia’s diplomats in London, Washington, and Philadelphia (dubbed here as the “Franklins of Colombia”) worked hard to obtain diplomatic recognition by making Colombia attractive to European and North American settlers. This carefully researched essay describes various immigration schemes that these men proposed to enlist “industrious, skilled, robust, laborious and useful foreigners of good morals,” who might increase the white population and reduce the risk of civil war with resident Blacks and mulattos. Suggests that these schemes reflected those that the Bourbons embraced in the 18th century, or in other words, that they reveal the persistence in the 19th century of late-colonial ways of thinking and envisioning society. Concludes that while these meticulously described efforts did not attract massive immigration, the “trickle” of foreigners who did arrive nevertheless contributed to the development of the new nation.

843

Bosemberg, Luis Eduardo. La Legación de Alemania en Bogotá, en la década de 1930. (Anu. Colomb. Hist. Soc. Cult., 42:2, julio/dic. 2015, p. 205–263, bibl.) As part of the debate revolving around the Nazi danger in Colombia in the 1930s, the author of this fi ne study has carried out an intensive review of German, US, and Colombian archives to investigate the activities of the German Legation in Bogotá. He concludes that while German diplomats attempted to favor the interest of the Nazi regime without distorting the traditional positive image of Germans held by Colombians up to that time, they were convinced that the country under the rule of the Liberal Party was fundamentally antifascist and that the strong influence of the US would prevent a great German advance. Includes an extensive bibliography.

844

Buitrago Roa, Luis Miguel and Miguel Esteban Suárez Gutiérrez. Historia de la interacción político-militar entre guerrillas colombianas, 1964–2015. (Anu. Colomb. Hist. Soc. Cult., 44:2, julio/dic. 2017, p. 199–225, bibl., graph, table) Meticulous analysis of the changing interaction between members of the FARC and the ELN between 1958 and 1986. Discusses the links between rebel groups and studies the ideological and territorial changes that led them to modify the way they interrelated. Based on their review of periodical, primary, and secondary sources, the authors arrive at three conclusions: 1) the zones where frictions between the rebel groups were the greatest were the ones most likely to evolve into military confl icts; 2) relationships between the groups varied according to their respective control of territory and economic resources; and 3) fi nally, ideological frictions between the groups did not necessarily lead to military altercations. In short, interactions between the FARC and the ELN changed depending on diverse economic, political, and territorial factors.

845

Cardona Zuluaga, Patricia. Trincheras de tinta: la escritura de la historia patria en Colombia, 1850–1908. Medellín: Fondo Editorial Universidad EAFIT, 2016. 378 p.: bibl., ill., maps. (Colección Académica) This revised doctoral thesis offers an alternative view of 19th-century Colombian history by considering the contributions of the so called “obritas” or books, pamphlets, and other writings that have been overlooked in the accepted canon of events. Suggests that incorporating these overlooked documental materials into the historical analysis will provide a new orientation for future investigations. Includes an extensive bibliography of the works being examined. This work is a challenging synthesis that offers much food for thought Chaparro Rodríguez, Juan Carlos. Desmilitarizar las repúblicas!: Ideario y proyecto político de los civilistas neogranadinos y venezolanos, 1810–1858. See item 819.

846

Ciofane, Amanda. Selling local modernization through the global corporation: Coca-Cola bottling in Colombia,

210 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 1927–1944. (Hist. Soc./Medellín, 34, enero/ junio 2018, p. 41–75, bibl., ill.) Carefully researched history of CocaCola bottling in Colombia in the fi rst half of the 20th century. Examines print advertising from the 1920s and 1940s, papers of Coca-Cola executives, and advertisements to show how the company expanded from being a division of Postobon to establishing its own franchise in the 1940s by alluding to its modernity and global popularity. Shows how the Coca-Cola company sold Colombian industrialists, policy makers, workers, and consumers on the palatability of both its business model and Coca-Cola bottles. A somewhat tedious essay that provides interesting insight into 20th-century Colombian soft drink consumption.

847

Córdoba Restrepo, Juan Felipe. En tierras paganas: misiones católicas en Urabá y en La Guajira, Colombia, 1892–1952. Bogotá: Editorial Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, 2015. 320 p.: bibl., ill., index, maps. (Opera eximia) Córdoba Restrepo’s revised doctoral dissertation examines the work of the Capuchin missionaries in La Guajira (1905–1952) and that of the Carmelitas Descalzos in Urabá (1905–52). He offers a panoramic and comparative vision of the work of the missionaries who, in addition to trying to evangelizing the natives, attempted to transform their cultures by introducing the Spanish language, food, clothing, hygiene, notions of time, daily routines, and productive activities. Concludes that the missionaries were successful in helping to incorporate regions that were previously unincorporated under Colombian rule. The work includes extensive bibliography and is an important contribution to 20th-century mission history.

848

Cortés Guerrero, José David. Argumentos por la tolerancia religiosa en Colombia, 1832–1853. (Hist. Soc./Río Piedras, 33, julio/dic. 2017, p. 44–76, bibl.) Cortés Guerrero provides a meticulous review of arguments pro and con religious tolerance published in newspapers, books, and government reports between 1832–53. He suggests that there are two themes to the pro-arguments: fi rst, that religious tolerance was a characteristic of progressive civilization and second, that

tolerance was vital if Colombia was to attract immigrants from other countries. Five arguments were launched against tolerance: fi rst, tolerance was an attack on the Catholic religion; second, Catholicism was a state religion; third, tolerance would disrupt national unity; fourth, tolerance was an error condemned by the Catholic Church; fi fth, that tolerance would not necessarily bring prosperity to the country. The author points out that, notwithstanding the debate, Colombians at the time accepted foreigners who professed a different faith, and also notes that the Constitution of 1853 legalized religious tolerance.

849

Cortés Guerrero, José David. La batalla de los siglos: estado, iglesia y religión en Colombia en el siglo XIX: de la independencia a la regeneración. Bogotá: Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, Departamento de Historia, 2016. 607 p.: bibl., index. (Biblioteca abierta; 439. Colección general. Historia) Revisionist survey of 19th-century Colombia positing that the struggle between the state and the Church to adapt to the new republican reality was the key underlying theme. Shows how the two institutions fought for control over every aspect of the society. Introductory chapter lays out six hypotheses which are then developed chronologically in five sections. Author emphasizes that the Church not only competed in politics, but also struggled to place its stamp on social organization, and that the 19th century cannot be understood without acknowledging the nature and overwhelming strength of religious institutions. Draws on extensive archival and published resources to support a fresh interpretation of the 19th century that future historians will ignore at their peril.

850

Del Castillo, Lina. Entangled fates: French-trained naturalists, the fi rst Colombian republic, and the materiality of geopolitical practice, 1819–1830. (HAHR, 98:3, Aug. 2018, p. 407–438, bibl., maps) Del Castillo’s carefully researched investigation focuses on Colombia’s effort to gain diplomatic recognition in the 1820s by hiring a French scientific expedition to study the region’s natural resources, espe-

History: 19th and 20th Centuries: Colombia / 211 cially platinum. She draws on manuscript correspondence, memoirs, and the naturalists’ fi ndings, as well as French-printed maps, to demonstrate how cartography, together with other scientific practices, like geology, mineralogy, and botany were produced, deployed, circulated, and consumed. Although the expedition failed to fi nd any platinum, it did help to produce the recognizable national space of the Colombian republic and also contributed to the creation of Ecuador. She concludes that the circulation of natural history knowledge was at the core of the complex diplomatic, economic, and local political practices that produced (and undermined) the fi rst Colombian republic as an independent republic space. Ecarri Bolívar, Antonio. Miguel Peña y la Cosiata: relectura de una controversia histórica. See item 821.

851

Espinosa, Catherine; Isabel Cristina Bermúdez; and Alonso Valencia Llano. Ulpiano Lloreda y los inicios de la industrialización vallecaucana. Cali, Colombia: Universidad del Valle, Programa Editorial, 2017. 102 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Artes y humanidades) Biography of Ulpiano Lloreda Gonzalez (1865–1929), a pioneer entrepreneur in Cali. His business interests included funding a navigation company on the Cauca River in 1875; building an aqueduct to transport water from Santa Rica, which enabled development of an electrical turbine to run an ice factory in 1890; constructing coffee threshing machines in Cali; building the city’s fi rst electric plant and founding two newspapers. Describes Ulpiano as a man of vision who, like his contemporary empresarios, overcame enormous obstacles to advance his projects.

852

Estrada Orrego, Victoria. ¿Cuántos somos?: Una historia de los censos civiles y de la organización estadística en Colombia en la primera mitad del siglo XX. (Hist. Crít./Bogotá, 64, abril/junio 2017, p. 141–160, bibl.) Study of the process of the configuration of census statistics in the fi rst half of the 20th century. It indicates the irregularities of the process and uses of these figures, and describes the problems that the Colombian state faced in producing reliable demo-

graphic statistic as an imperative of modernity. The analysis reveals that the censuses of 1905, 1912, and 1918 aimed mainly at quantifying the male population who had the right to vote and were fit for military service. Shows the administrative weakness of the official statistic services and the participation of international experts in the elaboration of subsequent censuses. Invaluable warning for scholars who rely on these censuses in their studies of the period.

853

Garcés-Hurtado, Juan David. “El delincuente de hoy, será el obrero del mañana”: políticas de la infancia y trabajo: instituciones, discursos, prácticas en Colombia (1920–1940). (Hist. Soc./Río Piedras, 32, enero/junio 2017, p. 285–315, bibl., table) Garcés-Hurtado studies the configuration of childhood as a focal point of knowledge, practices, theories, and techniques that were permeated by the phenomenon of modernization at the beginning of the 20th century in Colombia. The reality of the child, now seen as a human being endowed with his/her own specificity, fell under the logic of intervention devices intended to control, protect, and guide the attitudes and sensibilities of the minor. With the adaptation of the Escolanovista educational system, Colombians sought to consolidate the project of ideal childhood based on ideas of racial purity, innocence, incorruptibility, and moral superiority. Activeness, especially manual labor, is presented as a factor that prevents social decay and promotes the creation of a utopic citizen.

854

García, Claudia Mónica. Entre climas y bacterias: el saber sobre la enfermedad en Colombia, siglo XIX. Bogotá: Universidad del Rosario, 2016. 168 p.: bibl., index. (Colección Textos de ciencias humanas) The author seeks to combine the results of several earlier publications concerning the conceptualization of the causes of disease in Colombia during the second half of the 19th century. Shows how acceptance of bacteriology science slowly infi ltrated neo-Hippocratic and medical geographic theories. Compares treatments of periodic fevers, continual fevers, and leprosy to show how doctors learned that these conditions had pathological differences, so that today

212 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 doctors recognize that yellow fever progresses from a different pathology than malaria or typhoid, and that leprosy is caused by a microorganism. Includes a helpful and extensive bibliography.

855

González-Echeverry, Rut Bibiana. Relatos de viaje por Colombia, 1822–1837: Cochrane, Hamilton y Steuart. (Hist. Soc./Río Piedras, 32, enero/junio 2017, p. 317–351, bibl.) Interpretative study of the accounts of three British travelers to New Granada in the early independence era. Draws upon the theories developed by Edward Said and Mary Louis Pratt to create a platform to analyze these accounts using three interpretive keys: the account of the trip itself; the sensibilities of the travel writers, and their various understandings of the different cultures they were recording. Suggests that insights of the three travelers reflected their acceptance that the advance of capital and the development of commercial enterprises were elements of civilization and progress. Useful contribution to theoretical constructs concerning the value of travel accounts.

856

Hidalgo Cardona, Adriana and Lina Quevedo-Cerquera. Ciencia y moral cristiana: fundamentos médicos para la promoción del discurso de la heterosexualidad en Colombia entre 1880 y 1930. (Hist. Soc./ Río Piedras, 32, enero/junio 2017, p. 139–166, bibl.) Between 1880 and 1930 Colombian physicians combined elements of science and Christian morality to criminalize, reject, and condemn nonorthodox sexual practices. Through a review of medical journals, civil legislation, and medical expertise included in court records, author reveals how the medical establishment promoted heterosexuality based on positivism and social evolutionary theories that promulgated eugenic and hygienist practices. Shows that this process resulted in promoting heterosexuality not through the religious discourse of avoiding sin, but rather by bolstering the argument through scientific theories of the time.

857

Ibagón Martín, Nilson Javier. Entre ausencias y presencias ausentes: los textos escolares y el lugar de lo negro en la enseñanza de la historia de Colombia,

1991–2013. Bogotá: Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, 2016. 143 p.: bibl., ill. (Taller y oficio de la historia) Until recently, Colombian school textbooks have downplayed or overlooked the role of Indigenous and Afro-Colombians in the evolution of the country’s history. This analysis of some 20 texts published since 1991 shows that while some progress has been made, there are still serious gaps, especially in the recognition of the African participation. These gaps include: the absence of a discussion of Africa and African diaspora; incomplete descriptions about the nature of Black slavery; and limited notions of the nature of mestizaje. The work suggests that a true understanding of the multicultural nature of the modern Colombian population cannot be achieved until stereotypical ideas about Afro-Colombians and Indigenous peoples are corrected.

858

Ibarra Cuesta, Jorge R. Simón Bolívar, entre Escila y Caribdis. Santa Marta, Colombia: Editorial Unimagdalena, 2018. 211 p.: bibl. (Colección Humanidades y artes. Serie Historia) Cuban historian seeks to vindicate the Libertador Simón Bolívar from attacks made against him by Salvador Madariaga and other historians regarding his handling of the arrest of Francisco de Miranda in 1812 and his conduct of the so-called “War to the Death” in gaining control over Spanish-held Venezuela. After a careful review of archival and printed sources, he concludes that the detention of Miranda was fully justified and that the “War to the Death” was not attempt at “ethnic cleansing” of Venezuela. Emphasizes that Bolívar accepted soldiers of all races, including Spaniards from the Canary Islands, and that the “War to the Death” was a logical military decision in his efforts to win independence.

859

Largo Vargas, Joan Manuel. El lenguaje político de la virtud y los conductores del pueblo (Cali, 1945–1950). (Hist. Soc./Medellín, 34, enero/junio 2018, p. 175– 199, bibl.) Reviews local newspapers, municipal council archives, and other printed sources to arrive at a configuration of the “moral language” through which local politicians legitimatized their privileged position with

History: 19th and 20th Centuries: Colombia / 213 regard to emerging social sectors and political practices. Suggests that this exercise allows a reconsideration of the traditional periodization of 20th-century Colombian history and questions partisan division as a core element in the analysis of cultural and political transformations in the mid20th century. Concludes that by use of this “language,” local politicians maintained their privileged place when challenged by rising political groups, and believed that it was their role to guide the non-elites to a better life that they might not comprehend on their own.

in Colombia between 2000 and 2015. Although in 2013 US officials hailed it as a success, the object of this study is to demonstrate that US military assistance carried out during Plan Colombia, while serving as a template for future interventions, was an ill-conceived campaign that was denounced by grassroots actors who contested elite premises. Author draws on his human rights activism, on-site interviews, and archival documents to provide an authoritative narration of resistance to this policy that left in its wake a huge civilian death toll and documented atrocities.

860

862

Leal, Claudia. Landscapes of freedom: building a post-emancipation society in the rainforests of western Colombia. Tucson: The University of Arizona Press, 2018. 336 p.: bibl., ill., index, maps. (Latin American landscapes) This unique, informative study examines slavery and the postemancipation decades on Colombia’s Pacific Coast. The study argues that enslaved Africans adapted to the tropical rainforest to achieve a high level of autonomy and manumission, and that after abolition they maintained their autonomy by controlling the extraction of forest products, even when mining companies arrived. To explain this phenomenon, Leal offers a new concept—the “racialization of the landscape.” While some observers conceded that by living in this tropical region, “blacks were the bearers of nationbuilding along this frontier,” the most typical response was that the region was a “savage place fit only for primitive peoples” (p. 172). In short, the book gives humid rainforests a place in forest history, illuminates postemancipation worlds by emphasizing their relationship to environment, and strives to make Colombia’s national community more inclusive by reconstructing the important role of Black people within forest history.

861

Lindsay-Poland, John. Plan Colombia: U.S. ally atrocities and community activism. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2018. 293 p.: bibl., index. Plan Colombia was the name of a controversial US foreign aid, military, and diplomatic initiative aimed at combating drug cartels and left-wing insurgent groups

López, A. Ricardo. Makers of democracy: the transnational formation of the middle classes in Colombia. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2019. 360 p.: bibl., index. (Radical perspectives) This study traces the ways in which Colombia’s thriving middle class was regarded as a foundational marker of democracy during the second half of the 20th century. Drawing on a wide array of sources ranging from training manuals and oral history to school and business archives, López shows that this model was based on freemarket ideologies, private property rights, material inequality, and an emphasis on masculine work culture. He argues that this model provided the groundwork for Colombia’s later adoption of neoliberalism and inspired the emergence of alternate models of democracy and social hierarchies in the 1960s and 1970s that helped foment political radicalization. Concludes that democracy is a historically unstable practice that exacerbates multiple forms of domination, and suggests the need to rethink the nature of democracies throughout the Americas.

863

López Jerez, Mabel Paola. Mujeres e Ilustración durante la Independencia. (Bol. Cult. Bibliogr., 53:97, 2019, p. 5–16, bibl., ill.) This study suggests that the writings of Benito Jerónimo Feijoo broached the topic of the importance of educating women, and that Josefa Amar y Borbón and Inés Joyes y Blake produced works in the 1790s supporting physical and moral education of women. Elite women in Nueva Granada were aware of Enlightenment writings coming from Europe. They began calling for equality in

214 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 marriage and rejecting their total subordination to their husbands—thus, becoming “agents of their own destiny and [vindicating] their condition as compañeras in struggle and life.” Author concludes that during the Republican era, women were forced to return to the unrestricted power of their husbands and were again confi ned to the private space of the home.

864

Lüning, Hildegard. Camilo Torres Restrepo: sacerdocio y política. Traducción por Jorge Aurelio Díaz. Bogotá: Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Bogotá, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, 2016. 184 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Academia) First Spanish edition of a study of the life and work of Camio Torres Restrepo originally published in German in 1969. The author, Hildegard Lüning, was a journalist who specialized in the problems and history of the Latin American Catholic Church. The biography traces the radicalization of Torres who was educated in sociology at the Catholic Univerisity of Lovaine. The study offers a history of the political aspects of the Colombian Church during the era in which Torres lived, as well as an explanation of the religious significance of his writings. Discusses the repercussions in Colombia on receiving the news of Torres’ death on February 15, 1966. The translation is helpful in showing the impact of Torres’ actions outside of Colombia.

865

Lux, Marta. Mujeres y ciudadanía en las primeras décadas del siglo XIX neogranadino. (Bol. Cult. Bibliogr., 53:97, 2019, p. 76–89, bibl., ill.) Drawing on materials from the Archivo General, the author argues that contrary to the general consensus, a review of pertinent documents shows that both elite and ordinary women played dynamic roles in many fields. By 1810, the colonial term “vecino”—a word that referred to an inhabitant of a town—was replaced with “ciudadano,” a somewhat nebulous word that included both men and women. When the Constitution of 1821 specifically excluded women from being citizens, republican women did not protest, but they still behaved as citizens, and their actual situation fluctuated according to varying political and social contexts.

866

Mahecha González, Jenni Lorena. Rebeldes: mujeres realistas y patriotas en la Independencia. (Bol. Cult. Bibliogr., 53:97, 2019, p. 19–30, bibl., ill.) This well-researched essay challenges the perception that winning independence was a solely masculine achievement by demonstrating that beginning with their participation in protests against the Crown on July 20, 1810, women were active participants on both royalist and patriot sides. For their actions, 20 women were banished to various cities outside Bogotá. Women donning male dress took part in the fighting, following the lead of Manuela Sáenz. They also served as conspirators, spies, messengers, and nurses. Finally, after the loss of their husbands in the fighting, they embraced widowhood, which in turn allowed them to be more active in public.

867

Martínez Basallo, Sandra Patricia. Encuentros con el estado: burocracias y colonos en la frontera amazónica (1960–1980). Cali, Colombia: Universidad del Valle, Programa Editorial, 2017. 177 p.: bibl., ill., maps. (Colección Artes y humanidades. Historia e investigación.) This impressive study reviews the policy of the Caja de Crédito Agrario, Industrial y Minero (Caja Agraria) and the Instituto Colombiano de la Reforma Agraria (Incora) between 1960 and 1980 to colonize and develop the piedmont region of Caquetá in order to incorporate this frontier more completely into the Colombian state. Attention is focused on the municipios of El Doncello and Belén de los Andaquíes. Four chapters provide a brief history of the region (1850–1980); the colonization programs between 1959–82; interaction between government employees and colonos; and the fragility of these efforts. Uses the archive of the Caja Agraria and extensive secondary sources and periodicals. Concludes that public policies are subject to contingencies and improvisation which divert them into unexpected consequences. A substantial contribution to frontier studies.

868

Martínez-Martín, Abel Fernando. Trópico y raza: Miguel Jiménez López y la inmigración japonesa en Colombia, 1920–1929. (Hist. Soc./Río Piedras, 32, enero/junio 2017, p. 103–138, bibl.)

History: 19th and 20th Centuries: Colombia / 215 In this careful analysis of the writings of psychiatrist and conservative politician Miguel Jiménez López, the author studies his theory of the degeneration of the Colombian race. His paper, “The Yellow Immigration in America” published in 1929, argued that Japanese immigration to Colombia was inadvisable because it would jeopardize the ongoing progressive bleaching of the various races that had inhabited the country since the 19th century. Shows that Jiménez López’s ideas, widely discussed at the time, had considerable impact. His insistence that any migration by Japanese to Colombia would contribute to the further decay of the race was responsible for the passage of Law 114 of 1922 that prohibited immigration into Colombia of non-Europeans of any nationality.

869

Mejía Rivera, Orlando. Historia de la medicina en el Eje Cafetero: (1865–1965). Manizales, Colombia: Editorial Universidad de Caldas, 2016. 438 p.: bibl., ill. (Ensayos) Well-written, authoritative history of the development of regional medicine in Manizales, Caldas from 1865 to 1965 set within the context of national political events. Shows that in the 19th century, would-be doctors studied at the Universidad Nacional and then went on to medical schools in Europe. On their return to Colombia they were often incorporated into the government as ministers or members of Congress. While the Church dominated medical thought in the 19th century, its influence lessened with passing decades. During Regeneration and the Conservative hegemony (1885–1930), the fi rst medical journal and sanitary campaigns appeared in Caldas. Discusses the impact of the Rockefeller Foundation and the Federación Nacional de Cafeteros between 1945 to 1965. Includes interviews with seven doctors. Valuable addition to Colombia’s medical history.

870

Mesa Valencia, Andrés Felipe. Apuntes sobre la política exterior colombiana a partir de la participación estadounidense en la Segunda Guerra Mundial. (Anu. Colomb. Hist. Soc. Cult., 42:2, julio/dic. 2015, p. 237–266, bibl.) Clearly written examination of the impact on Colombian foreign policy of the

US shift after 1941 from isolation to active involvement in the WWII. After December 7, 1941, Colombia broke diplomatic relations with Germany, Japan, and Italy. Although Colombia was closely allied with the US in the following years, it abstained from declaring war on Japan, Germany, or Italy. Mesa Valencia argues that the foreign policy directed by Eduardo Santos was an indispensable mechanism for preserving national sovereignty and emphasizes the significance of the Third Meeting of Foreign Ministers held in Rio de Janeiro in 1942, in maintaining continental security and strengthening Pan-Americanism.

871

Morales Benítez, Otto. Santander: cultura y política. Bucaramanga, Colombia: Universidad Industrial de Santander, 2016. 3 v.: bibl., ill., indexes. Otto Morales Benítez (1920–2015) was a lawyer, politician, and former Colombian minister. The author of some 200 books, he was a prolific researcher and scholar, as well as a member of diverse and distinguished academic organizations. His children have founded in Bogotá the Otto Morales Benítez Center “Centotto” to provide a place to study his work. The three volumes listed in this report are a survey of his major contributions. Gonzalo España’s “Prólogo,” printed in volume 1, offers a brief history of the department of Santander and suggests that Morales Benítez’s works reveal the “penetrating and judicious” role of Santandereanos in Colombian history. Essays in volume 1 focus on Tomás Vargas Osorio, Pedro Gómez Valerama, Antonio Cacua Prada, Alfonso Gómez Gómez, and Aquileo Para. Essays in volume 2 deal with Vicente Azuero, Florentino González, Gabriel Turbay, and Augusto Espinosa Valderrama. It also includes historical essays on the Comunero revolt, Gran Colombia, Santander during the Radical Era (1863–86), and a section on periodicals published in Santander opposing Regeneration, 1889–99. The three volumes stand as a massive reference work for anyone interested in the history of Santander.

872

Muñoz Vélez, Hernán Alonso. La biblioteca aldeana de Colombia y el ideario de la Republica Liberal, 1934–1947: bibliotecas y cultura en Antioquia. Bogota: Editorial Universidad del Rosario, Uni-

216 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 versidad del Rosario, Escuela de Ciencias Humanas, 2014. 165 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Memoria viva bicentenario Antioquia) Between 1934 and 1947, under the auspices of Alfonso López Pumarejo’s Liberal government, a campaign of Cultura Aldeana y Rural was carried out with the object of placing collections of books in small corregimientos and municipios of the country so that isolated communities would have access to important reading materials. Focusing on Antioquia, this text discusses the origin of the plan, its supporters, its development, its successes, and fi nally the legacy that it imparted to school and public libraries that function today. Includes lists of the books that were included in the project and shows that some of the donated collections had as many as 500 titles. Little remembered, but fascinating episode in Colombian public library history.

873

Naranjo, Luis Germán. La pájara vida: breve historia de la observación de aves en Colombia. (Bol. Cult. Bibliogr., 50:91, 2016, p. 21–32, bibl., ill., photos) Remarkable essay offers an overview of Colombian birdwatching, which, despite the country’s long ornithology tradition, did not become a popular hobby until the early 1980s. Discusses the origins of the activity, and the founding of the Sociedad Vallecaucana de Ornitología and of similar organizations in the years that followed. Suggests that the publication in 2001 of the Spanish translation of Hilty and Brown, A Guide to the Birds of Colombia was a factor in promoting Colombian interest in birding. Regular annual meetings of professionals and aficionados of birds are now commonplace, and the opportunity to observe birds has become an important tourist attraction.

874

Nicholls Vélez, María Catalina. Compendio histórico y biográfico de la Sierva de Dios María Jesús Upegui Moreno y su época. Medellín, Colombia: Editorial Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana: Congregación Siervas del Santísimo y de la Caridad, 2017. 319 p.: bibl., ill., portraits. Maria de Jesus Upegui Moreno (1837–1921) was a Catholic nun who founded the Congregation of Sisters Servants of the Blessed Sacrament and Charity in 1901 that was dedicated to helping the poor and

most needy individuals in Medellín. The Catholic Church, in the process of her beatification ranks her as a “Servant of God.” Sister María de Jesús was the aunt of Sister Laura Montoya who also founded a religious congregation and was canonized by Pope Francis in 2013. The Congregation of Sisters sponsored this biography as part of the process to qualify Upegui Moreno for beatification. Nicholls Vélez is a trained historian who draws on the historical archives of Medellín, the department of Antioquia, the congregation, as well as documented statements. The result is a serious biography that lays out the evolution of Sister Maria de Jesús’ spiritual evolution and accomplishments. Volume includes an archive of 88 photographs.

875

Oelze, Micah. Demolishing legitimacy: Bogotá’s urban reforms for the 1948 Pan-American Conference. (J. Lat. Am. Stud., 49:1, Feb. 2017, p. 83–113, map, photos) Well-written and researched, this persuasive revisionist article suggests that the destruction during the Bogotazo resulted not just from indiscriminate fury over Gaitán’s assassination, but was also directed at the government’s renewal projects undertaken in preparation for the IX Pan-American Conference. The project dispossessed from their homes and levied additional taxes on thousands of working and middle-class citizens. The study does not deny that the riot was the culmination of multiple sources of political tension, but shows that the preexisting aggravated urban conditions provided impetus to the destruction on April 9. Drawing on an exhaustive review of newspaper accounts of the events as well as published sources, the study concludes that when the marginalized people lost Gaitán, “they also lost their political voice and took to the streets.”

876

Olarte, Renán Silva. Geografía, estado y sociedad en Colombia, 1930– 1960: El proyecto de Geografías Económicas de Colombia de la Contraloría General de la República. (Hist. Soc./Río Piedras, 33, julio/ dic. 2017, p. 201–243, bibl.) Complex analysis of a project initiated in 1930 by Office of the General Controller to create texts dealing with the economic geography of each department.

History: 19th and 20th Centuries: Colombia / 217 The purpose was to provide books to aid development policies as well as to provide new kinds of knowledge about the country and its resources. According to the author, the project demonstrates that the state was struggling to abandon its excessively partisan and political 19th century in favor of being guided by technical knowledge. Wellresearched project that will be of greatest interest to geographers.

877

Ospina Cruz, Carlos Arturo and Andrés Klaus Runge Peña. Degeneración, regeneración y raza: el proyecto moderno en Antioquia, 1903–1930. (Anu. Colomb. Hist. Soc. Cult., 43:2, julio/dic. 2016, p. 215–241, bibl.) Valuable historical-pedagogical study explores the participation of Antioquia in the discussions on degeneration and regeneration of race in the context of the instructional national reform of 1903. Based on discourse analysis of documents from the era (laws, decrees, Revista de Instrucción Pública articles, and texts on education by pedagogues and intellectuals), the article shows how “decadence of race” was understood in Antioquia to be the result of poor physical condition, with a negative impact on intellectual development. Also describes the search for a regenerative cure which aimed to alleviate physical insufficiencies in eugenic terms. These debates reflected a concern for improving the physical and mental health of the Colombian people in order to prepare them for the demands of modernization and to ensure a strong nation.

878

Pardo Motta, Diego Nicolás. Manuales de urbanidad: construcción y destrucción del ciudadano durante el liberalismo radical, 1863–1886. Bogotá: Universidad de los Andes, Vicerrectoría de Investigación, Ediciones Uniandes, 2016. 128 p.: bibl., color ill. (Colección Séneca) As a footnote to previously published studies of the campaign to promote public instruction during the era of radical Liberalism (1863–86), this brief monograph focuses on the so-called manuales de urbanidad published in Liberal newspapers and school textbooks. Argues that their object was to create free and autonomous individuals who would be equipped to modernize the

republic and take part in the political life of their communities. After reviewing 10 such manuals, however, the author concludes that despite their good intentions, these works actually served to reinforce a conservative social order that was profoundly impregnated with the elitist impulses of the old colonial society.

879

Pioneros, colonos y pueblos: memoria y testimonio de los procesos de colonización y urbanización de la Amazonia colombiana. Edición de Augusto Javier Gómez López. Textos de Carolina Suárez Pérez et al. Bogotá: Universidad del Rosario: Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, 2015. 404 p.: bibl., ill. (some color), indexes, maps (some color). (Colección Academia) Volume consists of essays arranged in three parts by five investigators who seek to trace the transformation and consolidation of populations in the Amazon regions of Putumayo, Caquetá, Mitú, and Leticia during the 20th century. In addition to narrative material, each part includes an introduction by the editor, Gómez López, and a list of primary sources. The result is an essential groundbreaking history of the Colombia’s Amazonia that concludes that the future of the region and its population will depend on the government’s ability to bring economic, social, and political stability to these most vulnerable frontier towns and native inhabitants.

880

Preciado Zapata, Bibiana Andrea. Canalizar para industrializar: la domesticación del río Medellín en la primera mitad del siglo XX. Bogotá: Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Departamento de Historia, Ediciones Uniandes, 2015. 88 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Prometeo) Between 1880 and 1950, Medellín was transformed into a major industrial city. Key to this transformation was a series of engineering projects designed to change the course of the Río Medellín to respond to the new needs of the city. This investigation details the various stages of this project undertaken by a group of agro-exporters. Suggests that the process of rechannelizing the river and urban industrialization took place simultaneously, and that the project

218 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 was similar to canal projects undertaken at the same time in the US, Europe, and other Latin American countries.

881

La presidencia de Virgilio Barco treinta años después. Compilación de Carlos Caballero Argáez. Bogotá: Universidad de los Andes, Escuela de Gobierno Alberto Lleras Camargo, 2017. 110 p: bibl., ill. Nine essays presented at a seminar held at the Universidad de los Andes in 2016 offer an essentially positive reexamination of the administration of Virgilio Barco, president from 1986–90. Authors discuss his policies in the face of renewed challenges to the state by drug traffickers; his personal preoccupations and ideals; his Plan Nacional de Rehabilitación; negotiations with the M-19; his efforts to incorporate the Amazonian region by extending Native resguardos and creating national parks; and his support for the reorganization of the Archivo General de la Nación. Taken as a whole, the presentations provide a deeper understanding of the significance and impact of Barco’s leadership during the most violent phase of guerrilla opposition to the government. Pulido Londoño, Hernando Andrés. Radioescuchas y “música nacional” a mediados del siglo XX: el programa radial Antología Musical de Colombia. See item 2076.

882

Ramírez, María Himelda. Las madres y las viudas de la independencia. (Bol. Cult. Bibliogr., 53:97, 2019, p. 45–57, bibl., ill.) Informative essay begins by describing how Magdalena Ortega y Mesa sent three letters to Manuel Godoy and the King and Queen of Spain pleading for the freedom of her husband Antonio Nariño who had been condemned to exile and prison. Such petitions were a common method that wives and widows employed to protect children from service or to request freedom from jail. Author argues that women actively made use of their maternal role to take charge of family life in the absence of their husbands. This role continued to be important in the mid-19th century during the times of civil wars. Includes extensive references.

883

Rausch, Jane M. An overlooked contributor to a unique Colombian periodical: Enrique Pérez and the journal

Hispania (1912–1916). (Hist. Crít./Bogotá, 68, abril/junio 2018, p. 95–110, bibl., map) A good summary of Enrique Pérez Lleras’ intellectual life and his contributions to the important journal Hispania in the early 20th century. Rausch summarizes the most important issues in Pérez Lleras’ essays that dealt with Hispanic solidarity, imperialism, and Hispanic America’s problems. Also provides a short biography of Pérez and his father, Felipe Pérez. [E.D. Langer]

884

Rodríguez Jiménez, Pablo. Patíbulo, mujeres e Independencia. (Bol. Cult. Bibliogr., 53:97, 2019, p. 31–43, bibl.) Policarpa Salavarrieta was not the only woman executed in New Granada for opposing the royalists. Based on archival and published sources, Rodríguez Jiménez lists 76 women executed by the Spanish between 1813 and 1818. He notes that the shooting of women was a unique and exceptional act of the times. It did not occur before or after the Independence era, and the execution of women did not take place in Venezuela or Spain. Essay offers a new dimension in evaluating the impact of the era.

885

Samacá Alonso, Gabriel David. Historiógrafos del solar nativo: el Centro de Historia de Santander, 1929–1946. Bucaramanga, Colombia: Dirección Cultural, Universidad Industrial de Santander, 2015. 604 p: bibl. (Colección Temas y autores regionales) This history of the Centro de Historia de Santander between 1929–46 documents how men of letters from Santander organized an institution to promote the history of the region. Details the process of the formation of the academia, the network of relations that its members established at the local, regional, national, and international levels, as well as some of the principal projects and public activities undertaken. Primarily of value to students of Santander’s history.

886

Serrano Galvis, Ana. Escritura y opinión política de las mujeres durante la Independencia de la Nueva Granada. (Bol. Cult. Bibliogr., 53:97, 2019, p. 58–75, bibl.) Argues that while much writing by women during the Independence era was diaries or letters that were probably dis-

History: 19th and 20th Centuries: Colombia / 219 carded, their voices can be ferreted out from printed manuscripts. Convents provided places for women to receive an education and to write. Unsigned pamphlets were composed by women, and three texts signed by “La Santafereñas” defended the federalists at the First Constitutional Congress. The letters of Manuela Sáenz to her husband have been preserved. Josefa Acevedo de Gómez published Recuerdos nacionales in 1860, a work that revealed her admiration for the Independence movement, the French Revolution, as well as for her father. Concludes that although Gómez’s work offers scant insight into women’s perceptions of the times with her focus on great events and famous men rather than on her own life, it nevertheless reveals her determination to share her political opinions publicly.

887

Universidad, cultura y estado. Dirección académica de la obra por Estela Restrepo Zea, Clara Helena Sánchez Botero y Gustavo Silva Carrero. Bogotá: Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2017. 2 v.: bibl., ill, index. (Colección del sesquicentenario; 1) To mark its sesquicentennial, the Universidad Nacional de Colombia has embarked on a major project to record the history of higher education in the country from 1865 to the present. When the series is complete, it will consist of seven parts published in 12 volumes. The goal is to show how the university contributed to the development of the Colombian nation through its not always fluid relations with the political actors and its role in the cultural, economic, and social life of the country. Under review here is the fi rst part, Universidad, Cultura y Estado, consisting of two volumes. In volume 1, seven experts have contributed 10 essays which trace the history of the university from 1867 to 1946. In volume 2, eight essays written by 13 specialists continue the history from 1964 to 2015. Taken together, the essays present a university in permanent debate, which, from its origins, incorporated many voices, beliefs, potent arguments, and rigorous analysis, to achieve its role as a university of the Colombian state. Succeeding planned parts will cover “Life Sciences” in two volumes; “Nature in Observation” in one volume; “Economy, Language, Labor and Society” in three volumes; “University

and Territory” in two volumes; “Patrimony of the Nation” in one volume; and “Patrimony in Property” in one volume. In short, this is an ambitious project and a substantial reference work which will stand as a defi nitive contribution to understanding the development of higher education in Colombia.

888

Urrego Mendoza, Zulma Consuelo. De protestas, violencias y otras fiebres tropicales: aportes para una historia sociopolítica de la salud pública en Colombia, 1974–2004. Bogotá: Centro Editorial, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, 2016. 321 p.: bibl., ill. (Salud pública y nutrición humana) Study of the impact of La Violencia on health policies between 1974–2007 sparked by an outbreak of yellow fever in 2002 in Norte de Santander and the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in 2004. The investigation looks at the relationship between public health policies and existing social conditions, in particular political and social unrest. The author’s most important contribution is exposing the impact of internal armed confl ict on the control of diseases such as yellow fever, by showing that the outbreaks of disease coincide with the areas of the highest degrees of violence.

889

Valencia Llano, Alonso. Dentro de la ley, fuera de la ley: insurgencia social en el Valle del Cauca 1810–1854. 2a edición. Cali, Colombia: Universidad del Valle, Programa Editorial, 2016. 363 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Ciencias sociales) Unrevised second edition of a volume originally published in 2008 examines the participation of free campesinos and slaves in the various wars that took place between 1810 and 1854 in the Valle del Cauca. Using evidence gathered from an extensive review of local and national archives, the book analyzes the resistance mounted by these groups who refused to accept the social and legal position imposed upon them by the elites. Argues that their struggles did not amount to a “racial war,” but rather an effort by subalterns to improve their economic and social condition once New Granada had achieved independence. Well-researched contribution to regional history.

220 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76

890

Vásquez, Manuel Horacio. Antecedentes históricos de la violencia actual en Colombia: visiones múltiples. Bogotá: Editorial Oveja Negra, 2016. 134 p.: bibl., ill., maps. To test the hypothesis that cultural baggage of investigators influences their views of history, this anthology compares assessments by French and Colombian historians concerning the causes of La Violencia between 1930 and 1966. Included are interpretations expressed by Jean-Animé Stoll, Pierre Gilhodes, Daniel Pecaut, Gonzalo Sánchez Gómez, and Carlos Miguel Ortiz Sarmiento. Concludes that the Colombians tend to focus on “observable facts,” while the French investigators look to “theory.” Suggests that a comparison of these views offers new light on the historical antecedents of current violence in Colombia.

891

Vásquez, María Fernanda. La higiene intelectual infantil o los comienzos de la psiquiatrización de la infancia en Colombia, 1888–1920. (Anu. Colomb. Hist. Soc. Cult., 45:1, enero/junio 2018, p. 105– 129, bibl.) Based on a review of Colombian medical texts on school hygiene at the end of the 19th century and the fi rst two decades of the 20th century, this essay examines “intellectual hygiene” and its use in defi ning children’s abnormality and the psychiatrization of childhood. Intellectual fatigue or surmenage, and sexual instinct are two important elements for understanding how, in the broader context of school hygiene, hygienists explain the relations between the mental and the physical. Studies on intellectual hygiene open up a new field of medical intervention: the school space; and create new object of analysis: the school-age child. ECUADOR

ness accounts presented between 1860 and 1900 enable the reader to make sense of the sociocultural mechanism linked to the designation of legitimate heirs, property inheritance, and religious praxis. Examples of the latter are as follows: the preparation of corpses, the bonds between testator and religious communities, and all significant practices that involved economic or property interchange. This study also focuses on bodies of law connected with the repartition of estates; for instance, the Ecuadorian Civil Code of 1889 that dealt with the distribution of personal property. Important contribution to the study of the role of women.

893

Bustos Lozano, Guillermo. El culto a la nación: escritura de la historia y rituales de la memoria en Ecuador, 1870– 1950. Quito: Fondo de Cultura Económica: Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar, Sede Ecuador, 2017. 408 p.: bibl. (Sección de obras de historia) This revised dissertation investigates the creation and dissemination of the historical representation of Ecuador between 1870 and 1950. Combining an analysis of intellectual history and an examination of the most important patriotic commemorations, the study provides a new interpretation of the religious and secular history of the nation. Together, historical writing and collective memory form a narrative of the nation that crosses considerations of class, ethnicity, and gender. The analysis of the intersection of the intellectual field and the public sphere explains how the dominant interpretations of the origins and trajectory of the Ecuadorian nation have been reached. Authoritative, well-written, and well-researched, this monograph is a breakthrough in historical writing about Ecuador and should be required reading for anyone who wants to understand the nation’s past.

892

Arteaga, María Teresa. Aproximaciones al estudio de los testamentos de mujeres en Cuenca: memoria y herencia, 1860–1900. (Procesos/Quito, 45, enero/junio 2017, p. 35–64, bibl., tables) This report studies the testaments of 44 women living in Cuenca to glean an understanding of 19th-century cultural, religious, quotidian, and moral code habits. The study suggests that these eyewit-

894

Carrión, Andrea. Las leyes de minería en Ecuador a fi nes del siglo XIX: la reconfiguración de la propiedad minera. (Procesos/Quito, 45, enero/junio 2017, p. 95– 120, bibl.) Archival research examines the impact of the adoption in 1886 of Ecuador’s Código de Minería and subsequent reforms passed in 1892. Provides the historical

History: 19th and 20th Centuries: Ecuador / 221 context for these measures and suggests that the economic consequences included a renewed search for minerals. The new regulations permitted transnational actors to initiate explorations for exploitable oil. Concludes that the laws reaffirmed the appropriation of the subsoil as a technically regulated process that subordinated the social and political interests of local actors to those of the international mining companies. Includes an extensive bibliography of primary and secondary sources. Important introduction to this topic.

895

Córdova, Carlos Espinosa Fernández de and Cristóbal Aljovín de Losada. Non possumus: Los repertorios políticos del clero en la disputa por la secularización en el Ecuador posgarciano (1875–1905). (Historia/Santiago, 50:2, julio-dic. 2017, p. 471– 490, bibl.) Based on a careful reading of periodicals and pamphlets, this work analyzes the political “repertories” that Ecuadorian clergy used in the dispute over secularization in post-García Ecuador between 1875–1905. Defi nes “repertories” as “forms of collective action in pursuit of collective interests.” Shows how the clergy’s repertories resisted secularization with excommunication, politicized processions, armed struggle, ecclesiastical censorship, electoral participation, and interdiction. Concludes that the clergy was a key force within the Conservative coalition, not only in defending Ecuador’s status as the Republic of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, but also in promoting a combination of the ideal of liberty and independence of the Church within a confessional state. Nevertheless, these efforts did not halt secularization—and may even have contributed to its inevitability after the Liberal Revolution of 1895.

896

Flores Jácome, José Alberto. Pedagogía y colonialidad en la Amazonía ecuatoriana (1960–1979). Quito: Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, 2016. 203 p.: bibl., ill. Seeks to explore “how pedagogy is constituted as co-producer of new forms of colonization in Ecuador” by analyzing the work of the La Salle Missionaries among Kichwa natives at the Cabo Minacho Padilla School in the Amazon district of Nueva

Rocafuerte between 1960 and 1979. Applying principles developed by Foucault, suggests that the primary goals of the missionaries are to Christianize the Natives and strip them of their Native culture and language. A clear denunciation of the nature of on-going education of natives on the Ecuadorean eastern frontier.

897

González Toapanta, Hugo. El periódico La Antorcha y los inicios del socialismo en Quito, 1924–1925. Quito: Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar, Corporación Editora Nacional, 2015. 80 p.: bibl., ill. (Serie Magíster; 189) A meticulous review of the contents of the weekly periodical, La Antorcha, published in Quito between 1924–25 shows how the publication supported the diffusion of socialist ideology during an era dominated by Liberal and Conservative politicians. Concludes that La Antorcha was the effort of young intellectuals and university students whose clear object was the propagation of socialism in Ecuador. Although it promoted university reform, it also reflected the views of militant laborers and young military officials and called for the building of a new state that would not privilege the interests of the dominant class over those of subaltern sectors. In short, La Antorcha fortified leftist discourse and made an enduring impression on political debate in Ecuador.

898

Lauderbaugh, George. Historical dictionary of Ecuador. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield, 2019. 323 p.: bibl., maps. (Historical dictionaries of the Americas) Lauderbaugh’s dictionary is a longoverdue update of the Historical Dictionary of Ecuador by Albert William Bork and Georg Maier published by Scarecrow Press nearly 50 years ago in 1973. This edition features a chronology, an introduction, an extensive bibliography, and more than 800 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, as well as aspects of the country’s politics, economy, foreign relations, religions, and culture. Other aids include a list of acronyms and abbreviations, an appendix listing presidents, supreme chiefs, and juntas of Ecuador (1830–2018), and three maps. The dictionary will serve as an

222 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Ecuador.

vincial elites. Argues that even today, individual provinces hold more sway than the central government.

899

900

Marchán Romero, Carlos. Orígenes del Ecuador republicano: arquitectura institucional malograda del estado nacional. Quito: Instituto de Altos Estudios Nacionales, La Universidad de Posgrado del Estado, 2017. 404 p.: bibl. (Estudios estratégicos; 6) Well-written and researched history of Ecuador from the second half of the 18th century to the end of the administration of Garcia Moreno in 1875. The study incorporates new sources to emphasize how the territory of the present republic was reconfigured over time. Under the Bourbons, the provincial states of Guayaquil, Quito, and Cuenca were governed by the Real Audiencia de Quito. After Independence, they became the Department or Distrito del Sur of Gran Colombia, but on separating from Bolívar’s Gran Colombia, as the Republic of Ecuador, the regional distinctions remained pronounced thanks to the efforts of pro-

Ortiz Batallas, Cecilia. Las “Exposiciones Orientalistas Salesianas” de 1943–1944: la puesta en escena de la construcción del estado en la Amazonía ecuatoriana. (Procesos/Quito, 45, enero/junio 2017, p. 65–92, bibl., photo) Innovative study of the “Salesian Orientalist Expositions” carried out in 1943–44 in Quito, Guayaquil, and Cuenca; events that shed light on the social inclusion of Indigenous Amazon people in the Ecuadorian state. The above-mentioned expositions delineated the Shuar people’s territories at a key juncture posterior to the border dispute between Ecuador and Peru of 1941. Argues that the state established itself by granting local figures the ability to conduct state affairs in this peripheral space; acts that invoked a devolution and redistribution of its powers as well as shoring up Ecuador’s control over its Amazon region.

Peru G. ANTONIO ESPINOZA , Associate Professor of History, Virginia Commonwealth University

THE SAMPLE of historical works examined for this essay is heterogeneous in terms of periods, topics, and approaches. Most works share an interest in revising established historical narratives or filling scholarly voids. The publication of compiled primary and secondary sources participates, to some extent, in this trend. These compilations not only allow researchers to have access to materials that are difficult to fi nd or consult in their original versions, they also facilitate the recovery and reevaluation of intellectual and cultural traditions. We can expect to have more works that help provide a balanced approach to Peruvian history, or subperiods or topics of it, in the context of the bicentennials of the declaration of independence from Spain (1821) and of the Battle of Ayacucho (1824). By applying new conceptual frameworks and expanding the range of primary sources, some authors recast conventional historical narratives. Among these, we can include the essays by Ramírez and Langer (items 159 and 914), both included in a volume published in 2018. Ramírez shows that the processes of Westernization and homogenization that colonial authorities imposed on Andean Natives had only limited outcomes. Langer demonstrates that not all Indigenous peoples were poor in the 19th-century Andes. Instead, some of them had a predominant role in food and labor supply, and transportation. In his study on race and social

History: 19th and 20th Centuries: Peru / 223

hierarchies in 19th-century Lima (item 905), Cosamalón Aguilar reveals the complexity of racial categorizations at the time. Contemporaries defi ned and organized skin colors in close association with occupation, living conditions, marital status, and literacy. Focusing on the transition from the 19th to the 20th centuries, Palma and Ragas (item 918) offer nuanced interpretations of contemporary public opinion regarding Lima’s Chinatown. Elite writers, domestic and foreign, condemned this neighborhood and its inhabitants as sanitary hazards. Customers who relied on Chinese healers and herbalists, however, considered their treatments effective and affordable. Recent studies also display a renewed interest on the processes associated with modernization in the fi rst half of the 20th century. Regarding industrialization, Drinot argues (item 910) that it was not just an elite project of economic modernization, but also one of de-Indianization of society. Using the conceptual lens of governmentality, he contends that workers had agency in the formulation of official discourse and policies regarding labor. Studying the introduction of aviation (item 913), Hiatt identifies different regional and class interpretations and appropriations of the new technology. Examining photographic reportages in a prominent magazine published in Peru in the 1920s, D’Argenio argues (item 909) that Variedades displayed an ambiguous understanding of modernity. While the magazine generally endorsed the customary account of modernity as a sequence of Western achievements, the photographic reportages presented an unconventional modernity that included the Indigenous past and heritage. Finally, Zegarra F. illustrates (item 929) the early development of feminism in Peru by placing the life of an activist within the context of the modernization of pedagogical ideas and practices. Altogether, these studies overcome the perceived opposition between an “original” Western modernity and a “derivative” Latin American one. Among the works reviewed for this essay are a small, but robust group of studies on the political past of Peru. Molinari’s book (item 916) highlights the links between the military dictatorship of General Óscar R. Benavides (1936–39), domestic oligarchy, and Spanish falangismo and Italian fascism. He also stresses the authoritarian imprint that Benavides’ regime left on national politics and culture. García Bryce’s political biography (item 911) of Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre is an excellent example of a historical genre that other scholars could adopt advantageously. Haya is still a contentious character of Peruvian politics, so successfully expanding the historical understanding of his public life rather than judging it, is quite an accomplishment. Denegri and Hibbett’s compilation (item 908) represents a pionering contribution to the analysis of testimonios about the Internal Armed Confl ict (1980–2000). Testimonios represent the chance to approach the diverse voices and experiences of elite and non-elite actors during the confl ict. The studies in the volume coordinated by Quero (item 920), on the transformations in Peruvian society since the beginning of the 20th century, are not all strictly on politics. Nevertheless, due to the immediacy of their subject matter, the essays can be read in close connection to contemporary power dynamics. Rice’s book (item 923) on Machu Picchu is also a pioneering study. As the study clearly demonstrates, tourism has been a key factor in the construction of regionalist and nationalist agendas, and in the relationship between local and national governments. In a country like Peru, where public archives and libraries are underfunded, and access to private ones can be very limited, compilations of primary and secondary sources are a valuable and helpful effort. These works facilitate the recov-

224 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76

ery and reexamination of intellectual figures and their contributions over time. For instance, José María de Pando (1787–1840) and Francisco Javier de Luna Pizarro (1780–1855) were both leading political characters in the early postindependence period. They contributed to the public debates of their time through their writings, as the compilations (items 919 and 927) dedicated to each of them ably demonstrate. The collection of works by Ramos Zambrano (item 921) facilitates access to the scholarship of a historian who successfully placed regional events within their national context. He was also a careful student of local and regional primary sources. Among the compilations reviewed for this essay, the Peruvian Educational Thought collection stands out. Each of the 15 volumes includes an introductory study that will be indispensable for those interested in the history of education in Peru. Overall, the writings included in each volume stress the centrality of the reflection on education in the intellectual history of the country.

901

Aljovín de Losada, Cristóbal and Marcel Castro Velázquez. La reforma educativa liberal, 1860–1879. Lima: Derrama Magisterial, 2013. 365 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Pensamiento educativo peruano; 6) Includes writings on educational topics by Francisco García Calderón, Melchor T. García, José Arnaldo Márquez, Mariano Amézaga, Manuel Pasapera, Mercedes Cabello de Carbonera, Mercedes Eléspuru y Lazo, and Teresa González de Fanning, among others. In the introductory study, Aljovín and Velásquez contend that various governments from the late 1850s to the late 1870s sought to implement freedom of teaching, expand public primary schooling, and to provide higher education to the elites, making its curriculum more scientific. The emergence of an incipient civil society fostered reflection and discussion on educational subjects. Overall, most writers agreed on maintaining some degree of Catholic influence in education, but some wanted a level of secularization, while others did not. The national government introduced successive educational codes, but they had a limited application. Volume 6 of the Peruvian Educational Thought collection (15 volumes).

902

Castro Carpio, Augusto. Una educación para re-crear el país, 1905–1930. Lima: Derrama Magisterial, 2013. 272 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Pensamiento educativo peruano; 8) Includes writings on educational topics by Manuel Vicente Villarán, Alejandro Deustua, Francisco García Calderón, José de

la Riva Agüero, and Víctor Andrés Belaunde. In the introductory study, Castro Carpio examines the influence of positivism and spiritualism on these early 20th century Peruvian intellectuals. Volume 8 of the Peruvian Educational Thought collection (15 volumes).

903

Castro Carpio, Augusto. Reconstruir y educar: tareas de la nación, 1885– 1905. Lima: Derrama Magisterial, 2013. 305 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Pensamiento educativo peruano; 7) Includes writings on educational topics by José María Quimper, Manuel González Prada, Javier Prado, Clemente Palma, and Joaquín Capelo. In the introductory essay, Castro places the ideas of these authors in the context of the period after the defeat in the War of the Pacific (1879–84). Some of these authors, influenced by positivism, blamed the defeat on the deficient nature of the Indigenous population and the lower classes, while others called for a more democratic and inclusive society. Volume 7 of the Peruvian Educational Thought collection (15 volumes).

904

Las Cortes de Cádiz y su impacto en el Perú y América. Compilación de José Carlos Vilcapoma Ignacio. Lima: Fondo Editorial, Academia de la Magistratura, 2015. 222 p.: bibl., ill. (some color). A compilation of six essays, some previously published, on the influence of the Cortes of Cádiz (1810–14). The volume also includes a facsimile reproduction of a speech given by Criollo priest José

History: 19th and 20th Centuries: Peru / 225 Ignacio Moreno in Huancayo, in 1813, on occasion of the swearing in of the liberal Spanish Constitution of Cadiz of 1812.

905

Cosamalón Aguilar, Jesús A. El juego de las apariencias: la alquimia de los mestizajes y las jerarquías sociales en Lima, siglo XIX. Ciudad de México: El Colegio de México; Lima: IEP, Instituto de Estudios Peruanos, 2017. 430 p.: bibl., ill., maps, charts. A detailed study of social hierarchies in Lima from the mid-19th century to the late 1870s. Focusing on the original records of the 1860 population survey of the capital city, Cosamalón shows that social differentiation was increasingly based on honor, wealth, and culture, all of which were tied to the concept of “race.” Skin colors were defi ned and placed hierarchically in close association with variables such as occupation, living conditions, marital status, and literacy. Consequently, upward mobility was constructed as skin “whitening,” while downward mobility was perceived as skin “darkening.”

906

Cuenca, Ricardo. Cambio, continuidad y búsqueda de consenso, 1980– 2011. Lima: Derrama Magisterial, 2013. 491 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Pensamiento educativo peruano; 15) This volume includes various pieces of educational legislation, government documents, a set of recommendations on educational policy issued by NGO Foro Educativo (1997), an agreement on educational policy among political and social actors who participated in Foro del Acuerdo Nacional (2004), and an essay on the Internal Armed Confl ict (1980–2000) and its relationship to education by anthropologist Pablo Sandoval (2004). In the introductory essay, Cuenca identifies the main characteristics of educational thought during the period: a search for a national project that could articulate education; the influence of international trends; the enduring impact of neoliberal rhetoric; the important role of pedagogical specialists; and the limited influence of teachers’ labor activism. Final volume of the Peruvian Educational Thought collection (15 volumes).

907

El Cusco insurrecto: la revolución de 1814 doscientos años después. Colectivo por el Bicentenario de la Revolución del

Cusco. Edición de Roberto Ojeda Escalante. Cusco, Peru: Ministerio de Cultura, Dirección Desconcentrada de Cultura de Cusco, 2016. 314 p.: bibl., ill., maps. (Bicentenario colección; VI) Compilation of 11 historical essays on the 1814 Cuzco anti-colonial rebellion led by Indigenous cacique Mateo Pumacahua, the Angulo brothers, and members of the local clergy, among others. The rebellion lasted seven months and gained control over southern Peru and part of western Bolivia, before being successfully repressed by colonial authorities. The volume also includes a small sample of primary sources that illustrate the imprint of the rebellion on the memories of different actors over time.

908

Dando cuenta: estudios sobre el testimonio de la violencia política en el Perú (1980–2000). Edición de Francesca Denegri y Alexandra Hibbett. Lima: Fondo Editorial, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2016. 379 p.: bibl. This is a collection of essays on testimonios or narratives by a variety of social actors about their personal experiences during the Internal Armed Confl ict in Peru (1980–2000). The testimonios that serve as the basis for these essays are a small sample of the close to 17,000 similar narratives gathered by the Peruvian Truth and Reconciliation Commission (CVR), currently located at the Centro de Información para la Memoria Colectiva y los Derechos Humanos de la Defensoría del Pueblo. The authors of the essays are specialists in the social sciences, cultural studies, and linguistics.

909

D’Argenio, Maria Chiara. A picturesque modernity in 1920s Peru and Argentina: ruins, Cuzco and Americanism in the photographic reportages of Variedades and Plus Ultra. (J. Lat. Am. Cult. Stud., 26:2, June 2017, p. 221–251, bibl., photos) This article introduces a fresh analysis of periodicals in 1920s Latin America. Examining the Peruvian illustrated magazine Variedades, D’Argenio shows that it conveyed an ambivalent view of modernity. On the one hand, the general narrative of the magazine represented modernity as a Western sequence of achievements. At the same time, photographic reportages on

226 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Cuzco challenged this narrative, assimilating the Andean Indigenous past and heritage into an alternative modernity. In so doing, Variedades contributed to an indigenista regional and national identity. D’Argenio compares Variedades with the Argentine Plus Ultra, concluding that periodicals like these contributed to the formulation of a Pan American modern identity, one that included the Inca legacy.

910

Drinot, Paulo. La seducción de la clase obrera: trabajadores, raza y la formación del estado peruano. Lima: Instituto de Estudios Peruano: Ministerio de Cultura, Viceministerio de Interculturalidad, 2016. 325 p.: bibl., ill. (Serie Peru problema; 44) This is the Spanish translation of the book originally published in English in 2011 under the title The Allure of Labor: Workers, Race, and the Making of the Peruvian State. In this theoretically sophisticated study, Drinot adopts the concept of governmentality to examine the complex relationship that Peruvian political elites had with industrial labor in the fi rst decades of the 20th century. Elites conceived of industrialization not just as an economic project, but also a cultural one. Modernizing workers meant disciplining, protecting, civilizing, and de-Indianizing them. As ideologies such as anarchism, Aprismo, and communism became influential among workers, countering radicalism also became a priority for elites. To accomplish these goals, the Peruvian government took initiatives such as the creation of the Sección del Trabajo, worker housing projects, eateries, and state-backed hospitals and social insurance. Workers engaged with these initiatives, appropriating and influencing the government’s rhetoric and policies in the process.

911

García-Bryce, Iñigo L. Haya de la Torre and the pursuit of power in twentieth-century Peru and Latin America. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2018. 257 p.: bibl., index. Political biography of Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre (1895–1979), founder and leader of the American Popular Revolutionary Alliance party (APRA) since 1924. Haya remains a controversial figure in Peruvian

history: admired for his communication skills and determination in the face of persecution, and criticized for the ideological changes and tactical accommodations that he led his party through. According to García-Bryce, Haya emerged as a populist leader at a critical juncture, and understood politics as negotiation and compromise rather than absolutes. In each book’s chapter, García-Bryce examines Haya’s contributions as ideologue, propagandist, institution builder, and pragmatist, respectively. The last chapter is dedicated to Haya’s complicated relationship with women. Based on an impressive array of academic, governmental, and personal archives, as well as more than a dozen interviews and printed primary sources and secondary sources.

912

Gonzales, Osmar. Nueva escuela para un nueva nación, 1919–1932. Lima: Derrama Magisterial, 2013. 327 p. (Colección Pensamiento educativo peruano; 10) Includes writings on educational topics by José Antonio Encinas, José Carlos Mariátegui, and Víctor Andrés Belaunde. In the introductory study, González examines the factors that influenced the innovative stances of Encinas and Mariátegui regarding education. Among these González identifies: the impact of world events such as the World War I and the Mexican and Russian Revolutions; ideologies such as positivism and Marxism; and the new educational ideas introduced by John Dewey, María Montessori, and Ovide Decroly, among others. Volume 10 of the Peruvian Educational Thought collection (15 volumes).

913

Hiatt, Willie. The rarified air of the modern: airplanes and technological modernity in the Andes. New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, 2016. 229 p.: bibl., index. A study on the complex ways in which Peruvian elites, middle, and lower classes interpreted and appropriated aviation in the fi rst half of the 20th century. Hiatt shows that coastal modernizers generally conceived of airplanes as a technology that would make Peru more urban and Western. Highland elites, in contrast, viewed aviation as an instrument to enhance a regional identity based on an idealized precolumbian past. The masses, in turn, supported the

History: 19th and 20th Centuries: Peru / 227 expansion of aviation as a means to assert their belonging to the national community. Hiatt shows that the adoption of new technology was not just an inferior imitation of modernity, while acknowledging that Peruvian geography and lack of resources posed specific challenges to aviation.

914

Langer, Erick Detlef. From prosperity to poverty: Andeans in the nineteenth century. (in Hemispheric indigeneities: Native identity and agency in Mesoamerica, the Andes, and Canada. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2018, p. 151–182, bibl., map, table) Langer challenges the conventional narrative of Andean Indigenous peoples as perpetually poor and impervious to economic modernity. He shows that members of Indigenous communities had integral roles in 19th-century trading and mining. They dominated transportation, controlled coca production and trade, supplied most food to Highland urban centers, and provided labor to mines. The stereotype of Andeans as inherently poor originated in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, influenced by positivism and social Darwinism. Within a context of growing hacienda land grabbing, railroad expansion, and decreasing mercantile capital available to Indigenous communities, their economic preeminence diminished.

915

Mannarelli, María Emma. Las mujeres y sus propuestas educativas, 1870– 1930. Lima: Derrama Magisterial, 2013. 390 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Pensamiento educativo peruano; 9) Includes writings on educational topics by Mercedes Cabello de Carbonera, Teresa González de Fanning, Clorinda Matto de Turner, Esther Festini, Elvira García y García, María Jesús Alvarado, Lastenia Larriva de Llona, and Miguelina Acosta Cárdenas. In the introductory essay, Mannarelli examines the various debates in which these women writers participated. These polemics included the opposition between secular and religious education, child schooling, women’s autonomy, labor as a source of dignity, and criticism of marital arrangements. Volume 9 of the Peruvian Educational Thought collection (15 volumes).

916

Molinari Morales, Tirso Aníbal. Dictadura, cultura autoritaria y confl icto político en el Perú (1936–1939). Lima: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Fondo Editorial: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, 2017. 499 p.: bibl. Detailed study on the political aspects of the military dictatorship of General Óscar R. Benavides, using theoretical concepts from political science and cultural history. From 1936 to 1939, Benavides led an authoritarian regime that had close diplomatic links with Spanish Falange and Italian Fascism. The dictatorship had the support of oligarchical factions and repressed opposition parties such as the Partido Aprista Peruano, the Communist Party, and even the fascist Partido Unión Revolucionaria. According to the author, Benavides’ regime left an authoritarian imprint on Peruvian politics and culture. Based on an impressive array of personal archives and periodical publications, among other sources.

917

Oliart, Patricia. Educar en tiempos de cambio, 1968–1975. Lima: Derrama Magisterial, 2013. 344 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Pensamiento educativo peruano; 13) Includes writings on educational topics by Augusto Salazar Bondy, Walter Peñaloza Ramella, and Emilio Barrantes Revoredo, as well as two speeches by General Juan Velasco Alvarado, leader of the military government from 1968 to 1975, and the regime’s 1970 project to reform Peruvian education. In the introductory study, Oliart alludes to the still controversial character of the policies that the military government introduced, including educational reforms. She contrasts the formulation and aims of these reforms with the changes that the educational system has experienced under a neoliberal model, promoted by international organizations since the 1990s. Volume 13 of the Peruvian Educational Thought collection (15 volumes).

918

Palma, Patricia and José Ragas. Enclaves sanitarios: higiene, epidemias y salud en el Barrio chino de Lima, 1880–1910. (Anu. Colomb. Hist. Soc. Cult., 45:1, enero/ junio 2018, p. 159–190, bibl., ill.) In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, foreign travelers, conventional

228 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 physicians, and elite writers attacked the presumed unsanitary practices in Lima’s Chinatown. They stereotyped the neighborhood as a threat to public health and modernization, contributing to anti-Chinese sentiment. Despite the intensification of this sentiment during the early 20thcentury bubonic plague, the article’s authors show that some locals went to Chinese doctors and herbalists for affordable treatment.

919

Pando, José María de. La monarquía sin corona: obras de José María de Pando (1787–1840). Estudio y compilación de Fernán Altuve-Febres Lores. Lima: Fondo Editorial del Congresso del Peru, 2015. 661 p.: bibl., ill. Useful compilation of the writings of Conservative politician José María de Pando, with an informative preliminary study by Altuve-Febres. The volume includes Pando’s official reports and some of his correspondence while in government service, manifestos, newspaper articles, and posthumous essays. Pando served the Spanish Crown as a diplomat in the early 1800s, becoming a supporter of constitutional monarchy in the early 1820s. Back in his native Peru, Pando served as diplomat, minister of fi nance, and minister of government and foreign affairs under Simón Bolívar. In the late 1820s, he was a parliamentarian and, again, minister under Agustín Gamarra. Pando was forced to leave Peru after collaborating with failed insurgent General Pedro Bermúdez. Once back in Spain, he remained close to power circles, until his death.

920

El Perú en los inicios del siglo XXI: cambios y continuidades desde las ciencias sociales. Coordinación de Morgan Quero. Ciudad de México: Centro de Investigaciones sobre América Latina y el Caribe, UNAM, 2016. 261 p.: bibl. Collection of essays that examine the changes that Peruvian society has experienced since the beginning of the 20th century, and the challenges that remain. Fifteen chapters dedicated to topics such as elementary and higher education, extractivism, the rural areas, politics and citizenship, and migration, among others.

921

Ramos Zambrano, Augusto. Ezequiel Urviola y el indigenismo puneño: tormenta altiplánica, Rumi Maqui y la Rebe-

lión de Huancané. Lima: Fondo Editorial del Congreso, 2016. 534 p.: bibl., ill. Compilation of four works authored by lawyer and historian Ramos Zambrano (1930–2012). The fi rst study, on indigenista activist Ezequiel Urviola (Muñani, Puno 1895-Lima 1925), is published in its entirety for the fi rst time. The second one, originally published as a book in 1990, examines a series of peasant uprisings in the Puno region from 1920 to 1924. The third study, published as a book in 1985, analyzes the Indigenous rebellion led by military man and politician Teodomiro Gutiérrez Cuevas (known as Rumi Maqui) in Puno in 1915. The last study, on the Huancané peasant rebellion (1923–24) was originally published in 1984. All the compiled studies are based on regional archival sources, periodicals, and secondary sources.

922

Rey de Castro Arena, Alejandro. La transición: de súbditos a ciudadanos, 1781–1826. Lima: Derrama Magisterial, 2013. 323 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Pensamiento educativo peruano; 4) Includes writings on educational topics by José Baquíjano y Carrillo, Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza, Hipólito Unanue, Manuel Lorenzo de Vidaurre, Bernardo de Monteagudo, José Faustino Sánchez Carrión, and Benito Laso. Also includes newspaper reports on education and educational legislation, issued in the late colonial and early postindependence periods. In the introductory essay, Rey de Castro highlights the influence of the Enlightenment on the educational thought of the period, as well as a concern over fostering a sense of national community and, after independence, of political and social order. Volume 4 of the Peruvian Educational Thought collection (15 volumes).

923

Rice, Mark. Making Machu Picchu: the politics of tourism in twentiethcentury Peru. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2018. 233 p.: bibl., ill., index. This book represents an original contribution to the scholarship on tourism studies, the history of tourism in Latin America, and the link between regionalism and transnationalism. Rice argues that

History: 19th and 20th Centuries: Peru / 229 tourism development at Machu Picchu had a crucial role in this site’s rise to national and international prominence, rather than the opposite way. In successive chapters, the author follows the development of tourism in Cuzco through three eras: from 1900 to 1948, local elites welcomed tourism as a means to validate the region’s modernity and indigenismo folklore; between 1948 and 1975, locals and the national state adopted tourism as an instrument to foster regional economic development and reform; fi nally, from 1975 to 2011, Machu Picchu emerged as a key national symbol in Peru, while outside interests increasingly took control over tourism.

924

Rivero, José. Inventarios educativos y prolegómenos de reforma, 1956–1968. Lima: Derrama Magisterial, 2013. 328 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Pensamiento educativo peruano; 12) Includes writings on educational topics by Jorge Basadre, Augusto Salazar Bondy, Carlos Salazar Romero, Luis Alberto Sánchez, Carlos Cueto Fernandini, Francisco Miró Quesada Cantuarias, Emilio Barrantes, and Walter Peñaloza. In the introductory study, Rivero mentions that new political actors emerged in the decade or so before the 1968 military coup. These were reformist democratic parties, radical left groups, and leftist guerrilla movements. They all sought to fi ll in the void left by APRA, which had become more conservative and openly antiCommunist. In this context, intellectuals and pedagogical specialists sought to address the educational needs of an increasingly urbanized population. Volume 12 of the Peruvian Educational Thought collection (15 volumes).

925

Rutas de la herencia y cultura negra en América y el Perú. Edición de José Carlos Vilcapoma Ignacio y Enrique Luis Muñoz Vélez. Lima: Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, 2017. 219 p.: bibl., ill., maps. In this edited volume, Vilcapoma and Muñoz Vélez compile 10 essays by various authors (including the editors) on the African influence in Colombian and, primarily, Peruvian culture. A handful of the essays were published previously, and most of them are based on secondary sources.

Territorialidad y poder regional de las Intendencias en las independencias de México y Perú. See item 243.

926

Trapnell, Lucy and Virginia Zavala. Dilemas educativos ante la diversidad: siglos XX-XXI. Lima: Derrama Magisterial, 2013. 422 p.: bibl. (Colección Pensamiento educativo peruano; 14) Includes 32 texts originally published from the early 20th to the early 21st centuries; they are primers, essays, government reports, and legislation related to education and geared toward the Indigenous population. In their informative introductory essay, Trapnell and Zavala argue that these texts share an implicit reflection on the linguistic and cultural diversity of Peru. Until recently, politicians, intellectuals, and educators conceived of this diversity as a “problem” rather than a “resource.” During the 20th century, Indigenous education was addressed by isolated initiatives, rather than being part of a systematic state policy. Volume 14 of the Peruvian Educational Thought Collection (15 volumes).

927

Villanueva, Carmen. Francisco Javier de Luna Pizarro: parlamentario y primer presidente del Congreso Peruano. Lima: Fondo Editorial del Congreso del Perú: Instituto Riva-Agüero, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2016. 346 p.: bibl., ill., index. Biography of Luna Pizarro (1780–1855) and a sample of his private letters, official correspondence, speeches, and articles. Luna Pizarro was a priest and lawyer who held high ecclesiastical and political positions in the fi rst decades after Independence. As a congressman, Luna Pizarro influenced the early Peruvian constitutions, introducing liberal republican principles.

928

Zapata Velasco, Antonio. Militarismos y maestros indigenistas, 1933– 1956. Lima: Derrama Magisterial, 2013. 436 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Pensamiento educativo peruano; 11) Includes writings on educational topics by José María Arguedas, Jorge Basadre, Luis E. Valcárcel, Emilio Barrantes, Carlos Cueto Fernandini, Gustavo Pons Muzzo, Julio Chiriboga, and Juan Mendoza Rodríguez. Also, minutes of a discussion on public education at the Constitutional Congress (1932),

230 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 and the speech that President Manuel Prado Ugarteche delivered in 1941 on the occasion of issuing the new Public Education Code. In the introductory study, Zapata argues that this was a period of political authoritarianism, characterized by oligarchical rule with military support. Consequently, official policies, including educational ones, sought to impose modernity along hierarchical and vertical lines. In terms of pedagogical thinking, Indigenismo and the drive to reform public education by university faculty were the most inclusive intellectual currents. Volume 11 of the Peruvian Educational Thought collection (15 volumes).

929

Zegarra F., Margarita. María Jesús Alvarado: la construcción de una intelectual feminista en Lima (1878–1915). Lima:

Fondo Editorial del Congreso del Perú, 2016. 424 p.: bibl., ill., photos. Important study on María Jesús Alvarado (1878–1971), a Peruvian early feminist intellectual. Zegarra F. reconstructs Alvarado’s childhood and schooling, her self-taught training as educator, and the fi rst decades of her career as writer, public speaker, and activist. She founded the feminist organization Evolución Femenina in 1914. Influenced by positivism, scientific pedagogy, and hygienist thought, Alvarado advocated for maternalism, equality between the sexes, and the gradual advancement of women. Based on a wide range of primary and secondary sources, including Alvarado’s personal papers.

Bolivia ERICK D. LANGER , Professor of History, Georgetown University

IT IS DIFFICULT to ascertain from the US the progress that Bolivian historians are making in the field, as the pandemic has made it difficult to go into the bookstores in the country or to talk with fellow scholars informally at conferences. Zoom meetings simply do not permit the same unspoken understandings or onthe-ground information gathering that a visit to the country provides. However, prospects are bright that the pandemic will be over before HLAS 78 is published, allowing time to collect more of the outstanding scholarly work produced on modern Bolivian history. From what can be discerned from the works at hand, production on Bolivian history has been a bit uneven over the past two or three years. While there are a few subject areas that have generated a fair amount of scholarship, such as the history of Highland Indigenous peoples and the Gran Chaco, other traditionally strong areas, such as the history of the first half of the 20th century and regional history seem to be less popular. Indigenous peoples have taken on prime importance and much of the new writing in one way or another engages what until recently was the majority of the population. The late 20th century, now a number of decades in the past, does not have appear to have attracted much interest either. These shifts in areas of study may be due to the pandemic and the political instability of the country which have brought about—just as in the rest of the world— great economic difficulties. Two valuable general overviews attempt to recreate the Highland Indigenous version of Bolivian history. Abdón Zárate and Ireneo Uturunco (item 952) attempt to provide an Indigenous history of Bolivia, with a focus on the Aymara peoples. Dangl (item 940) also concentrates on the Aymara, concentrating on the second half of the 20th century.

History: 19th and 20th Centuries: Bolivia / 231

In the run-up to the bicentenary of Bolivian independence, virtually no works have appeared on that period. The only one worth mentioning is by Quispe Escobar (item 945), whose innovative study imagines the independence period in the city of Cochabamba, where much fighting and intrigue took place. Otherwise, works on the 19th century keep appearing, but at a slower pace (with the exception of the Chaco region—see below). Noteworthy is Castro Torres’ essay on schooling during the early republic and the difficulty of creating a serviceable public school system (item 934). For a later period, the Archivo Nacional (ABNB) published the letters of prominent Liberal politician Eliodoro Camacho, mostly from the War of the Pacific (1879–84) (item 933). Also on the political side, Shchelchkov (item 947) offers a revealing analysis of the meaning of socialism in 19th-century Bolivia. Moreno Rodríguez (item 942) examines one of the early Socialists, Andrés Ibañez, mainly as a regionalist. Moving into the early 20th century, an important article by Young on the connections between anarchists and the rural peasants adds to the political history of that period (item 951). Moving into the late 20th and early 21st century, Hines examines the tortuous history of the Misicuni dam in Cochabamba and the consequences of its construction on the inhabitants of the city and the rural folk who live above the dam (item 941). Economic history continues to make its mark. A very valuable addition is the essay by Chávez Clavijo (item 935), who examines the textile industry and its decline in the few decades after independence. Peres-Cajías provides new data on tariff policies in Bolivia for the 19th and early 20th centuries (item 944). Stephen Cote’s Oil and Nation (item 939) is a welcome addition to the literature on this topic, offering a new perspective on how petroleum found in the southeastern Andean foothills contributed to the outbreak of the Chaco War. On balance, however, the Chaco War has received relatively less attention lately, as the veterans of that war have vanished and the country has moved on to other issues. Nevertheless, Alvarez Gimenez’s valuable essay shows the contributions of Bolivian women to the war effort (item 930). Shesko’s deeply researched book (item 948) on conscription into the army focuses largely on the Chaco War, but goes all the way up to the 1952 Revolution. It is a milestone not just for the study of the military in Bolivia, but elsewhere as well. One of the perennial topics of Bolivian history is the 1952 social revolution, which under the Movimiento al Socialismo (MAS) regime has received much less attention than before. Antezana Ergueta’s volume (item 931) tries to resuscitate the glories of the revolution through a closed narration of events, based on secondary sources. In turn, Soliz’s innovative book (item 949) challenges scholars to think of the agrarian reform process as much longer than previously thought, providing a very valuable contribution to the field. Although a number of works cited above have a basis in regional history, surprisingly, the region that has received the most attention is the Chaco region of Bolivia, mostly (though not exclusively), during the 19th century. Barahona and Robertson showed how Bernardo Trigo’s exploits against the Argentine invasions in the 1830s and the fight against the Indigenous groups in the Chaco led to the consolidation of the department of Tarija into the nation (item 932). The prolific scholar Combès has done more than nearly anyone else to bring the Chaco into Bolivian historiography. In the past few years, she’s published books and articles on a range of topics from the importance of women in the exploration of the Chaco (item 937) to a marvelous examination of the 1882 assassination of the French explorer Jules Crevaux by Toba (Qom) peoples and the way different authorities presented it after the fact (item 938). She also published a historiography of the

232 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76

famous battle of Kuruyuki in 1892 in which a faction of Chiriguano (Ava-Guaraní) fought against a coalition of other Chiriguanos, the Bolivian military and settler militias (item 936). This led to her book on the battle of Kuruyuki, reviewed in a previous volume (see HLAS 70:1154). In addition, Combès translated and edited the travel diary of Hugh Algernon Weddell (item 950), a French scientist of the Castelnau expedition who took off on his own to explore southeastern Bolivia and the Chaco. Lastly, Nobbs-Thiessen has published a wonderful study (item 943) of the Mennonites and other migrants to the Chaco since the 1952 Revolution.

930

Alvarez Gimenez, María Elvira. El impacto de la Guerra del Chaco en la vida de las mujeres urbanas: acceso al espacio público y redefi niciones de género. (Anu. Estud. Boliv. Arch. Bibliogr., 23:1, 2017, p. 265–290, bibl., ill.) A preliminary study on women during the Chaco War (1932–35) in Bolivia. Briefly discusses the role of women as nurses and visitors to the front and within feminist organizations. Attitudes towards women changed during this period, but not that much.

931

Antezana Ergueta, Luis. La Revolución del 9 de abril de 1952: antecedentes y desarrollo. La Paz: Plural Editores, 2017. 196 p.: bibl., ill. This book is a reminder of the importance of the social revolution of the Movimiento Revolucionario Nacionalista by one of its ideologues. Describes in great detail the fi rst days of the revolution concentrating on La Paz. However, there are no footnotes and Antezana does not consult nor incorporate any of the important non-Spanish language literature on the revolution.

932

Barahona Michel, Rosario and Margarita Robertson Orozco. Aguardando al enemigo en la niebla: el General Bernardo Trigo y la defensa de la frontera tarijeña (1825–1839). (Anu. Estud. Boliv. Arch. Bibliogr., 22:2, 2016, p. 47–79, bibl.) The authors show how the department of Tarija became a part of Bolivia by focusing on the military leadership of General Bernardo Trigo who defended the southern border of Tarija from Argentine incursions during the period of the Peru-Bolivian Confederacy (1836–39). Connects the war of the Chané and Chiriguano Indians against Bolivian frontier settlers in 1839 to the Argentines; the defeat of the Indigenous at Ipaguazú solidified Tarija’s position within

the Bolivian nation. Good use of government correspondence from the Archivo Nacional (ABNB) in Sucre.

933

Camacho, Eliodoro. La Campaña del Pacífico en la correspondencia de Eliodoro Camacho, 1872–1891. Edición al cuidado de Jorge Daniel Marchant Sanz. Sucre, Bolivia: Archivo y Bibliotecas Nacionales de Bolivia: Fundación Cultural del Banco Central de Bolivia: Banco Central de Bolivia, 2018. 199 p.: ill. A valuable addition to primary sources on the War of the Pacific (1879–84). Camacho became the leader of the Liberal Party that he had helped found. The correspondence dates to before this period, when he was a military officer who reentered the military during the war. Provides fi rst-hand accounts and analysis of the war in letters to his family from 1879 to 1880, mostly from Tacna, Peru. Ten letters are from earlier, before his reincorporation into the army, from 1872 onward.

934

Castro Torres, Mario. Inventando la nación: el impacto del modelo lancasteriano en las escuelas bolivianas (1830– 1840). (Anu. Estud. Boliv. Arch. Bibliogr., 23:1, 2017, p. 223–264, bibl., tables) A very interesting essay that summarizes well the educational landscape during the presidency of Andrés de Santa Cruz. Schools used the Lancaster method, which fit the caudillo purposes since it was authoritarian and not designed for independent thinking. Nevertheless, it was an attempt at mass education and led to the establishment of many schools in the cities and provincial towns of Bolivia and reached more children than previously thought.

935

Chávez Clavijo, Gabriela. Producción de textiles en Bolivia (1825–1845). (Anu. Estud. Boliv. Arch. Bibliogr., 27:1, 2020, p. 45–62.)

History: 19th and 20th Centuries: Bolivia / 233 A good summary of the textile industry both in the Amazon Lowlands as in the Andes for the fi rst half of the 19th century. Quantifies the decline in production and its causes—mainly foreign competition and the lack of indigo. Shows that President Andrés de Santa Cruz’s attempt to save the textile industry was largely unsuccessful. Based mostly on printed sources.

936

Combès, Isabelle. Una biblia chiriguana: historiografía de la batalla de Kuruyuki (Chaco boliviano, 1892). (Anu. Estud. Boliv. Arch. Bibliogr., 23:1, 2017, p. 185–198, bibl.) The author argues that Hernando Sanabria Fernández, in the book Apiaquaiki Tumpa willfully ignored much of the evidence and tried to recreate a history resembling that of the New Testament. The book was seen as the defi nitive treatise of the Chiriguano rebellion of 1892 and other authors did not go back to the primary sources to check the veracity of Sanabria’s claims. The author also shows how the book was used by different intellectual currents, including that of the Santa Cruz nationalists and by the Ava Guaraní community itself to justify their positions.

937

Combès, Isabelle. De rabonas, lenguaraces y otros exploradores ignorados del Chaco Boreal (Bolivia, s. XIX). (Anu. Estud. Boliv. Arch. Bibliogr., 27:1, 2020, p. 139–164, bibl., ill, map) Examines the role of women in the exploration of the Gran Chaco from the Bolivian side, from the women who joined the men on expeditions, to women captives, and the Indigenous guides to the region. Fascinating study of how women were crucial to the history of the Chaco, but also undervalued, hidden in the documentation, and poorly understood.

938

Combès, Isabelle. ¿Quién mató a Crevaux?: Un asesinato en el Pilcomayo en 1882. Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia: Editorial El País: Heterodoxia Libros, 2017. 225 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección de Ciencias Sociales e Historia; 41) A short book that takes the massacre of the famous French explorer Jules Crevaux in 1882 as a means of understanding colonization of the Gran Chaco, the role of Indigenous peoples and the myths about them, and the self-interested myths that

other authorities and later explorers, such as Arthur Thouar diffused. Also a great essay on sources and interpretation of historical “facts.” Contains a selection of primary sources at the end. A real gem.

939

Cote, Stephen C. Oil and nation: a history of Bolivia’s petroleum sector. Morgantown: West Virginia University Press, 2016. 200 p.: bibl., index. The most complete book on the oil industry in Bolivia. Traces its discovery in the early 20th century to the early 21st century. Argues that the Chaco War was the fi rst oil war, but not because of the Bolivian oil reserves, but to gain access to riverine outlets to the Atlantic. Explains the role of Standard Oil and the subsequent early nationalization of the petroleum industry (1937). The author asserts that after the 1952 Revolution, the government used mining revenue to fund the oil industry. Includes the gas boom under the Evo Morales government.

940

Dangl, Benjamin. The Five Hundred Year Rebellion: Indigenous movements and the decolonization of history in Bolivia. Chico, Ga.: AK Press, 2019. 220 p. An interesting combination of journalism, ethnography, and history that shows how the Highland Indigenous peoples (mainly Aymara in this case) of Bolivia were able to hang on to Andean ideas and transform them. The book concentrates on the Katarista movement as well as the Taller de Historia Oral Andina to argue that the Aymara peoples have maintained and resuscitated their culture, history, and political ideas into the 21st century. Although the work concentrates on the second half of the 20th century, there are many asides and explanations that lead the reader back in time.

941

Hines, Sarah. The power and ethics of vernacular modernism: the Misicuni dam project in Cochabamba, Bolivia, 1944– 2017. (HAHR, 98:2, May 2018, p. 223–256, bibl., map, photos) An essay that takes to task the idea that dams are authoritarian projects by looking at the Misicuni dam project in Cochabamba. Focuses mostly on the late 20th and early 21st centuries, when the dams promised free water for the Cochabamba Valley. Shows the opposing interests between those who developed the project and

234 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 the highland peasants in the watershed who were not pleased with the results. Langer, Erick Detlef. From prosperity to poverty: Andeans in the nineteenth century. See item 914.

942

Moreno Rodríguez, Edgar. Andrés Ibáñez y el laberinto boliviano. 2a edición. Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia: Edgar Moreno Rodríguez, 2016. 289 p.: bibl. Moreno Rodríguez attempts to show how Santa Cruz is different from the rest of Bolivia, specifically how the socialist and federalist revolution attempt by Andrés Ibañez in the 1870s shows Santa Cruz’s desire to be more autonomous. Based almost exclusively on secondary sources, this study is a vindication of Santa Cruz separatism, rather than a serious work of history.

943

Nobbs-Thiessen, Ben. Landscape of migration: mobility and environmental change on Bolivia’s tropical frontier, 1952 to the present. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2020. 323 p.: bibl., ill., index, maps. (Flows, migrations, and exchanges) A fi ne study of the migration of Andean Highlanders, Mennonite colonizers, and Okinawan settlers to the Santa Cruz agricultural frontier since the 1952 Bolivian Revolution. Shows the expansion of sugar, cotton, and later soybean crops, while also exploring the development of government policy dealing with agriculture, beginning with the MNR’s “March to the East” to relieve population pressure in the Highlands and create agricultural self-sufficiency.

944

Peres-Cajías, José Alejandro. Bolivian tariff policy during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries: high average tariff and unbalanced regional protection. (J. Lat. Am. Stud., 49:3, Aug. 2017, p. 433–462, graphs, map, tables) An excellent disquisition on a somewhat obscure topic. The author proves that the Bolivian tariff policy in the 19th and 20th centuries, although it tried to apply Liberal policies of free trade, in fact permitted the entrance of goods at relatively low tariffs from neighboring countries, such as Peru and Chile, while it discriminated against products from elsewhere. In other words, tariffs were less important than impediments such as transportation costs.

945

Quispe Escobar, Alber. Tiempos de insurgencia: guerra, política y vida cotidiana en Cochabamba (1813–1819). Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia: Editorial El País, 2018. 156 p.: bibl. (Ciencias sociales/ historia; 44) A deeply researched study of Cochabamba during the independence period based largely on primary sources. Shows how the city survived during what was a civil war, passing from patriot to royalist forces and back. An especially innovative contribution is the chapter on the daily lives of cochabambinos during this time of confl ict, based on the imaginative use of sources.

946

Sánchez, Matías. Nación e identidad durante la guerra contra la Confederación Peruano-Boliviana (1836–1839): la Puna y la Quebrada de Humahuaca (Jujuy, Argentina). San Salvador de Jujuy, Argentina: Purmamarka Ediciones, 2017. 206 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Historia americana) Originally a tesis de licenciatura, an interesting take on reactions by authorities of the Argentine Confederation to the threat that the Peru-Bolivian Confederation posed to its northern regions. Much of the book is an historiographical debate that situates this issue into larger debates, but a core of primary source materials shows how Argentine forces were able to turn back the threat.

947

Shchelchkov, A.A. La palabra “socialismo” en Bolivia, siglo XIX. La Paz: Vicepresidencia del Estado, Presidencia de la Asamblea Legislativa Plurinacional: CIS, Centro de Investigaciones Sociales, 2016. 106 p.: bibl., ill. (Teoria e historia) Shows that in Bolivia the concept of socialism was commonly used in the 19th century. Examines the types of socialism used through the examples of President Manuel Isidoro Belzu (1848–55), in Sucre (1855–57), Casimiro Corral, and the Ibáñez revolution in Santa Cruz (1876–77). Shchelchkov argues that socialism was closely associated with liberal ideological currents in Bolivia.

948

Shesko, Elizabeth. Conscript nation: coercion and citizenship in the Bolivian barracks. Pittsburgh, Pa.: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2020. 264 p.: bibl., index. (Pitt Latin American series)

History: 19th and 20th Centuries: Bolivia / 235 This marvelous study delineates how military conscription in Bolivia changed since the 19th century, highlighting the conscripts’ experiences. The core chapter is on the Chaco War in the 1930s, but the study goes all the way up to the 1952 Revolution, to show how obligatory conscription changed and became a badge for demonstrating a rural young man’s accession to adulthood.

949

Soliz, Carmen. Fields of revolution: agrarian reform and rural state formation in Bolivia, 1935–1964. Pittsburgh, Pa.: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2021. 280 p.: bibl., index. (Pitt Latin American series) This revisionist history of the Bolivian agrarian reform beginning in 1953 gives greater agency to the peasants who benefited from it and shows that they drove many of the policies. Former hacienda peons embraced the idea of “the land to those who work it,” whereas Indigenous communities recouped lands based on the idea of “the land of those who owned it.” Shows that the government did not control the changes in the land and that the agrarian reform process lasted much longer than previously thought, all the way through the Banzer dictatorship in the 1970s.

950

Weddell, Hugh Algernon. Viaje en el sur de Bolivia (1845–1846). Introducción, notas y traducción del francés de Isabelle Combès. Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia: Editorial El País, 2018. 294 p.: bibl., ill. (Ciencias sociales/historia; 45) A valuable translation of the travelogue of one of the members of the Count of Castelnau expedition (1843–47) that traversed much of South America. This volume is dedicated to the travels of Weddell, who had a discerning eye while visiting Bolivia during a crucial and not very well known period. The reader will fi nd valuable information about Bolivian politics and the state of the southeastern frontier with

Indigenous peoples. A short introduction by the translator Combès—a respected scholar of Bolivia—and her notes throughout the work markedly increase the value of the travelogue.

951

Young, Kevin A. The making of an interethnic coalition: urban and rural anarchists in La Paz, Bolivia, 1946–1947. (Lat. Am. Caribb. Ethn. Stud., 11:2, July 2016, p. 163–187, bibl., photos) The author shows that the connections between the left and the countryside in Bolivia in the 1940s was closer than previously thought. As Young demonstrates, the period 1945–46 provided anarchists (the Federación Obrera Local) with the opportunity to work with rural peasant organizers (the Federación Agraria Departamental) in a strategic alliance. Young further explains that peasant leaders were agents on their own and that the connections between urban and rural radicals led to massive demonstrations in La Paz as well as militant actions in the countryside. In sum, the study provides an important perspective on rural ferment in the countryside in Bolivia during the 1940s.

952

Zárate, Abdón and Ireneo E. Uturunco Mendoza. Historia política de las naciones originarias. El Alto, Bolivia: Universidad Publica de El Alto, 2017. 349 p.: bibl. This book attempts to rewrite the history of Bolivia from an Indigenous perspective from the origins of peoples in the Andes to today. It is only partially successful as it tries to pull all the research together, but the archeological and historical studies are not well integrated. It concentrates on the Highlands, and especially the Aymara peoples, with only glancing references to Indigenous peoples in the Lowlands. Interesting attempt to see how some Indigenous scholars conceive of Bolivian history; designed to serve as a textbook.

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Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay BRIDGET MARÍA CHESTERTON, Professor of History, Buffalo State, The State University of New York MOLLIE LEWIS NOUWEN, Associate Professor of Liberal Arts, Pacific Northwest College of Art at Willamette University THOMAS WHIGHAM , Professor Emeritus of History, University of Georgia ARGENTINA, PARAGUAY, AND URUGUAY (INDEPENDENCE TO 1880)

AS I WRITE THESE WORDS, it is not entirely clear what the cumulative effects of the COVID pandemic will be in terms of scholarly work and the operation of academic presses. On the one hand, scholars who have completed their research and fi nd themselves sheltering at home may fi nally get time to write more extensively and in greater depth on their chosen topics. And yet even those scholars who are churning out book and article manuscripts like never before may discover that their normal venues for publication have been disrupted because of various mandatory closures. All over the world government organizations, including state archives and libraries, have closed their doors through various edicts seeking to curtail the spread of the disease. These closures have interfered in a fundamental way with research, just as with so many other aspects of life at this time. That said, the great majority of the works on Platine history that I have reviewed in the last period appeared before the onset of COVID, and doubtlessly reflect patterns of production (and scholarly interest) that have since been radically disrupted by the pandemic. Not surprisingly, those works that focus on Argentine history make up the majority of the new works that appeared over the last several years. When Mauricio Macri became president in 2015, the leftist populists lost the material support that they had enjoyed under the previous Kirchnerista governments and the number of historical works produced with that populist orientation in mind necessarily declined. But there has been no comparable growth in antipopulist works per se. Hence, the works of recent vintage on Argentine history have tended to follow traditional parameters. We have, for example, biographies. Eduardo José Miguez’s account of Bartolome Mitre is a solid contribution in this respect (item 1015) and the same is true for Bernardo P. Lozier Almazán on the scholar/librarian Pedro de Angelis (item 1008) and Miguel Angel de Marco on Pelligrini (item 1010). But the best biography on the list, and certainly the best looking, is that of Carlos G. Vertanessian, who shows us why Juan Manuel de Rosas could inspire so much controversy, so much loyalty, and so much power over so many years (item 1042). KapeluszPoppi’s account of the two Rawsons (item 1000), father and son, is also very good and should not be missed by those scholars interested in the evolution of public education in the Argentine Republic of the 19th century. Some works on provincial matters merit our attention. On Corrientes, Eduardo Enrique Galiana has written a sharp account of the Correntina women who were taken to Paraguay as prisoners during the 1864–70 war (item 987). Dardo Ramírez Braschi has added to his long list of attractive works on his home province in a new work on Corrientes and the 1831 Pacto Federal (item 1027). On Salta, Rodolfo Plaza Navamuel provides a detailed (if somewhat sycophantic) look at how the conservative politics of Victorino de la Plaza shaped the development of the province (item 1020).

History: 19th and 20th Centuries: Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay / 237

We also wish to note two works of some importance on Patagonia. Macelo Gavirati has written a very suggestive study that notes a history of cooperation and tolerance between the local Native populations of the region and their Welsh immigrant neighbors (item 991). Probably the most striking work to appear on the southlands is by Marta Penhos. She analyzes how images of Tierra del Fuego were grafted onto the historical reality of the archipelago to the point where one hardly knows where one ends and the other begins (item 1019). Regarding Paraguay and Uruguay there are only a limited number of new works to mention. The study of Lucrecia Maria Johansson on the journalism of the Paraguayan War is decidedly the best of the lot (item 1050). [TW] ARGENTINA (LATE 19TH CENTURY TO 20TH CENTURY)

One of the most exciting developments in the scholarship on Argentina in recent years has been the increased focus on gender, specifically its intersections with labor. The edited volume by Andújar et al. (item 1045), which examines the gendered nature of working-class jobs and concepts of “fairness” in the late 19th and early 20th century, is a good example of this work. In the same historical period, Allemandi’s monograph (item 955) on domestic work in Buenos Aires is an excellent addition to an understudied aspect of labor. Queirolo, in another strong monograph (item 1025), addresses another sector of women’s work that has not received enough attention: the white-collar women who worked as typists, secretaries, and stenographers. In addition to illuminating the lives of these women and their training, Queirolo also explores the discussions around women’s expanding role in the labor market. Tossounian’s book (item 1040) on the figure of the joven moderna and its new archetypes (dilettantes, workers, beauty queens, sportswomen) adds another layer of well-researched analysis to the new scholarship on gender in the early 20th century. The other works on gender this biennium include Tejero Coni and Oliva’s popular biography of activist Gabriela Laperrière de Coni (item 1039), and McGee Deutsch’s excellent New School lecture on Communistlinked women (item 978), part of her larger forthcoming book. Books focusing on different provincial histories continue to play a major role in the scholarship on Argentina. Fernández and Polimene (item 996) produced an edited volume whose organizing principle is regional history. The work spans the colonial and modern periods and includes both the Southern Cone and the Andes. Another wide-ranging book is the edited work from Bacolla, Donatello, and Carrizo (item 1022), which focuses on theoretical discussions about history across disciplines, focusing on the province of Santa Fe and the country of France. Barcos’ excellent monograph (item 959) examines the western region of the province of Buenos Aires in the mid-19th century to show the beginnings of the modern state. Agüero’s work on Córdoba (item 953), examines on the province’s relationship with Buenos Aires and its development in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Patagonia is the focus of both Ruffini’s book (item 1032) on the Revista Argentina Austral and Maggiori’s meditation (item 1009) on the region that also serves as a popular history of local individual families and figures. Finally, Benavídez de Albar Díaz’s history (item 963) of the mining industry in San Juan and Gorla’s exploration (item 993) of the meat industry in Patagonia are narrow studies meant for a specialized audience. As always, immigration is a popular subject for scholars of modern Argentina, and this biennium produced some excellent new books, as well as newly published versions of works originally written decades ago. Bryce’s monograph

238 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76

(item 967) is a particularly strong new work that tackles German immigrants and their community institutions. Newly translated and expanded for a Spanish edition from a 1981 German publication, the tome (item 954) on 500 years of German settlement in Argentina is encyclopedic in scope. The work on Jewish immigrants continues to expand. Kałczewiak’s transnational history of Polish Jewish immigrants is a particularly welcome addition (item 999), with its analysis of sources in Spanish, Polish, Yiddish, and Hebrew. Yarfitz’s examination of Jews and sex work (item 1046) adds to the growing body of scholarship excavating practices and experiences often shunned from archives. Levin’s narrative history of the Jewish colonies (item 1005) is a published dissertation of most use to those already familiar with the scholarship. Another work most useful to those already working in the field is Garabedian’s examination of El Correo Español (item 988), one of the Spanish immigrant publications (1872–1905) of the mass-migration era. Finally, Ciapuscio’s rumination on immigration (item 976), based on his knowledge as the national director of migration in the 1950s and 1960s, was written in the 1970s, but only recently published, and contains information and insight on sources now lost. This biennium saw a number of works focused on intellectual history. Ferrás’ examination of Ricardo Rojas is of particular note (item 984), as is Gasquet’s cultural history of Orientalism in Argentina (item 990). As usual, leftist intellectuals are of interest to many scholars, with Prado Acosta focusing on Communist Party Secretary of Culture Héctor Agosti (item 1024), and Ribadero interrogating the work of Jorge Abelardo Ramos (item 1029), as well as the leftists not aligned with Peronism during the 1940s and 1950s. The intellectual underpinnings of Peronism received attention from both Aloé and Lavallén Renea. Aloé’s book (item 956) is a long “conceptual history” of Peronist thought, meant for those already well-versed in Peronist philosophy. Lavallén Ranea’s work (item 1003) examines the periodical Hechos e ideas for insight on the Peronist philosophy Justicialism, paying careful attention to the remaking of the past and narrative of the present. The fi nal additions to works on intellectuals and intellectual history are Miceli’s brief work (item 1014) comparing the intellectual vanguards of Argentina and Brazil and Lafosse’s popular book (item 1031) on polymath Bartolomé Ronco. As is often the case, the political left received a great deal of attention from scholars this biennium. Of particular note were the three works that interrogated Argentina’s ties to the Russian Revolution of 1917. Camarero’s book (item 974) is explicitly about the impact of the Russian Revolution, while Doeswijk’s excellent book (item 981) on the Anarcho-Bolsheviks in the Río de la Plata deepens our understanding of a group that had received much less attention than other leftist groups of the era. Bustelo and Domínguez Rubio’s work (item 972) on the university reform movement recovers the experiences of the students who were part of the movement, but also saw themselves as part of the larger revolutionary movement that began with the Bolshevik Revolution. Belkin’s work (item 962) on revolutionary syndicalism was another strong addition to the historiography. Finally, Mateu and Spiguel’s edited history (item 1016) of the labor movement (meant for university classwork) and Caruso’s examination (item 975) of port workers and their mobilization efforts help situate and contextualize our knowledge of the state of labor at the turn of the 20th century. The state, bureaucracy, and politics continue to be important subjects, but scholars are expanding the range of topics under study that intersect with these

History: 19th and 20th Centuries: Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay / 239

larger themes. Di Liscia and Soprano’s edited volume (item 970), with contributions from scholars in an array of disciplines, tackles bureaucracy in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, a moment of modernization and expansion. Quinterno’s excellent book (item 1026) examines how modernization, increased centralization, rising presidential power, and the army connected with and informed each other. World War I and its impact on Argentina is another element of this new crop of studies. Tato’s article, pointing out the dearth of historiography on the First World War in Argentina is a call to action for scholars, one that was already taken up by Pascual and Roldán (item 1018) in their article detailing the many effects of World War I on Rosario, including homelessness, unemployment, and insufficient social services. Public health is often a popular topic for scholars, but received less attention than in previous biennia, with only two articles: Alvarez’s (item 957) on the polio epidemic, and Briolotti’s (item 966) on the use of psychology in infant and toddler clinics between 1935 and 1942. Finally, López, Waddell, and Martínez produced an edited volume (item 1006) exploring both the history of railroads in Argentina as well as their intersections with politics and the economy, from 1857 to 2015. A new direction, with great possibilities for scholarship, is the expanding historiography on foreign policy, broadly defi ned. Balloffet’s article (item 958) on Argentine-Egyptian relations around the 1952 Egyptian Revolution provides a glimpse of diplomacy little studied until now. Fotia’s work (item 985) on Argentine-US cultural exchanges is a similarly important new direction for scholars and shows the expansion of foreign policy studies to include more than just politics and diplomacy as subjects. The Church was the subject of a variety of new studies, from Santos Lepera’s article (item 1035) on the Acción Católica in Tucumán during Perón’s fi rst presidency to Mauro’s examination (item 1012) of the Congreso Eucarístico Nacional de 1940 and Barral’s (item 960) biographical look at priests of the past. Of particular note is the edited volume by Di Stefano and Zanca (item 986), dealing with large-scale trends within religion and the Church, particularly the change in relations between the state, society, and religion. The masses and popular culture (including unrest) continue to be the subject of some good new scholarship. Hora’s history (item 997) of horse racing in Argentina is an excellent addition, and the articles in Gayol and Palermo’s edited volume (item 1023) on the fi rst half of the 20th century offers a new path for examining the interactions between mass culture and politics. Bruno’s coordinated volume (item 1044) is also worthy of note, with 12 scholars exploring the visits and reception of an array of cultural figures from the early 20th century, from Ortega y Gassett to Einstein. Korn (with coauthor Oliver) (item 982) has produced another history for a popular audience, this time focusing on the year 1928. Two excellent books about urban unrest appeared this biennium. Caimari’s examination (item 973) of crime, police, and disorder in the 1920s and 1930s is adapted from her Spanish-language book. Di Meglio and Serulnikov’s edited volume (item 1002) shows how looting may serve as a lens through which ruptures in Argentine history may be examined. Three good articles appeared this biennium approaching themes of consumption. Buonuome (item 969) explored consumption through advertising in the socialist newspaper La Vanguardia, while Rocchi (item 1030) examined the advertising industry itself. Finally, Remedi researched the gastronomic culture of Córdoba (item 1028), fi nding that it followed patterns similar to other Latin American urban centers. [MLN]

240 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 PARAGUAY AND URUGUAY (LATE 19TH CENTURY TO 20TH CENTURY)

The use of oral history has emerged as a clear trend in Uruguayan historiography (items 1060, 1061, and 1063). The use of oral history gives the narratives depth that would otherwise be lacking. The struggle against dictatorship is also a growing trend (items 1061 and 1067). But most interesting is the work by Zubillaga (item 1071) that focuses on the Uruguayan right during the Spanish Civil War. Another work by the same author (item 1072) likewise focuses on the Spanish Civil War and tells of a woman who assisted refugee children. Another study (item 1070) narrates the history of the Uruguayan left and its role the Spanish Civil War, focusing on those who fought in the war and their stories of defeat. The other publications about Uruguay reviewed for HLAS 76 are primarily narrowly focused studies, such as Espiga’s work (item 1064) on education in the late 19th- and early 20th-centuries and Facal’s study (item 1066) of Hungarianspeaking immigrant Jews. Beretta (item 1062) looks at immigration from the perspective of economic history. Trochon’s (item 1069) urban history is unusual in that it looks at Punta del Este, rather than Montevideo, which has been the focus of most studies of a similar nature. Paraguayan historiography still suffers in that many of the published works lack serious historiographic interventions. Such is the work of Martínez Domínguez (item 1052), which bills itself as an intellectual history of Paraguay, but is little more than a list of names of Paraguay’s intellectual class. Peréz’s work (item 1055) also suffers from the same fatal flaw as it does not fully interpret the oral histories collected and is in bullet point format. Fortunately, there are some notable exceptions to this trend, including the work by Dalla Corte (item 1048) that makes use of strong primary material—in this case photographs—to study Paraguayans who fought in the Spanish Civil War. Paraguay’s major wars still make up a good part of the historiography, including Whigham’s two-volume magnum opus on the Paraguayan War (1864–70) (items 1057 and 1058). The republication of the work by Cerri (item 1047), with an introduction and notes by Whigham and Ramírez Braschi, brings the war to life. The Chaco War (1932–35) has also captured the imagination of historians, such as Papacek and Peris (item 1054), who narrate the story of German scientists who helped provide a deeper understanding of the Chaco region before and after the war. Finally, Tyvela’s study (item 1056) of the Stroessner regime is a fi ne exploration of the diplomatic relationship between the US and Paraguay over more than 30 years. [BMC]

ARGENTINA

953

Agüero, Ana Clarisa. Local/nacional: una historia cultural de Córdoba en el contacto con Buenos Aires (1880–1918). Bernal, Argentina: Universidad Nacional de Quilmes Editorial, 2017. 387 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Las ciudades y las ideas. Serie Nuevas aproximaciones) A well-researched monograph about Córdoba that specifically takes on the tension between the provinces and Buenos Aires. The book functions as a cultural history of the city, while at the same time

questioning the stereotypes of Córdoba as a bastion of religious conservatism. Focusing on the period from 1880 until the university reform efforts of 1918, Agüero illuminates a city grappling with modernity in ways both similar and distinct to the much more well-researched case of Buenos Aires. Because of the way the book works on multiple levels, scholars working on a variety of topics will be excited to read it, from those researching modernity, the role of the provinces versus Buenos Aires, to anyone interested in the cultural history of Argentina. [MLN]

History: 19th and 20th Centuries: Argentina / 241

954

Los alemanes en la Argentina: 500 años de historia. Traducción y edición de Regula Rohland de Langbehn. Buenos Aires: Biblos, 2017. 576 p.: bibl., ill., maps. (La Argentina plural) This book, originally published in 1981, and only recently translated and updated for a Spanish-language audience, is a lengthy narrative history of Germans in Argentina. The work will be of use to scholars for its overview of Germans and specific individuals, from Jesuit priests to intellectuals (all cataloged in an index of names), who helped to shape Argentina. [MLN]

955

Allemandi, Cecilia L. Sirvientes, criados y nodrizas: una historia del servicio doméstico en la ciudad de Buenos Aires (fi nes del siglo XIX y principios del XX). Buenos Aires: Teseo, 2017. 273 p.: bibl., ill. (Historia) An excellent history of domestic work in Argentina, a topic that has received little sustained attention as an important form of urban labor. In writing this social history, Allemandi explores the gendered nature of the work, as well as its links to histories of the family, labor, poverty, and childhood. The author’s extensive footnotes are useful for tracing the many sources she consulted. An essential read for all those interested in Buenos Aires during the late 19th and early 20th centuries as well as those researching gender, class, the family, and labor (particularly women and children). [MLN]

956

Aloé, Víctor Dante. El peronismo original y las originalidades posperonistas. Buenos Aires: Editorial Dunken, 2017. 740 p.: bibl. Presented as a “conceptual history” rather than a narrative, Aloé delves deeply into the intellectual underpinnings of Peronism, as well as the ways in which it evolved. The book is very long, at over 700 pages, with almost 200 pages of excursus and contains no citations or bibliography. Clearly meant for an audience well-versed in Peronism and Peronist thought, the book is of limited interest to most scholars. [MLN]

957

Alvarez, Adriana. Los desafíos médicos, sociales e institucionales que dejó la poliomielitis: la rehabilitación integral en la Argentina de mediados del

siglo XX. (Hist. Ciênc. Saúde Manguinhos, 22:3, julho/set. 2015, p. 941–960, notes, bibl., ill.) Focusing on the polio epidemic and its aftermath, Alvarez examines the role of rehabilitation clinics and the changing understanding of disability within Argentine society. The article will be of interest to those working on the history of medicine and health in Argentina, as well as the growing international interest in disability studies. [MLN]

958

Balloffet, Lily Pearl. Argentine and Egyptian history entangled: from Perón to Nasser. (J. Lat. Am. Stud., 50:3, Aug. 2018, p. 549–577) Balloffet helps open up the field of global histories by examining the relations between Argentina and Egypt in the years around the 1952 Egyptian Revolution. By focusing on this South-South linkage and the intellectual and cultural exchanges it fomented, the author demonstrates the importance of new studies on the years leading up to the Non-Aligned Movement. The article will be of interest to all scholars working on foreign relations and diasporas during the middle of the 20th century. [MLN]

959

Barcos, María Fernanda. La distribución de la tierra y el crecimiento económico de la campaña de Buenos Aires: un estudio de la región oeste, 1839–1867. (Secuencia/México, 101, mayo/agosto 2018, p. 6–40, bibl., graphs, map, table) Focusing on the western section of the province of Buenos Aires, Barcos examines a period of great change—the last years of the Rosas dictatorship and the chaotic period that followed, leading to the beginning of the modern state. Looking at taxes and land records, the author fi nds a period of economic growth and social mobility, yet much of the wealth flowed to the wealthiest residents. This examination of one section of a province shows the value in microhistories as a way forward in exploring the mechanisms of growth and mobility in the middle of the 19th century. [MLN]

960

Barral, María Elena. Curas con los pies en la tierra: una historia de la Iglesia en la Argentina contada desde abajo. Buenos Aires: Sudamericana, 2016. 290 p.: bibl.

242 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Barral looks to deepen the understanding of the Catholic Church in Argentina by focusing on parish priests, many of them little-known. Each chapter is a biography of a different priest, from Fernando Quiroga y Taboada in the year 1782, to the priests in Opción por los Pobres from the 1980s to the present. The author traces the ways that priests and the Church were involved in the society and political system in which they lived. Those focusing on the Church in Argentina will fi nd some helpful information, but the book is fairly narrowly focused and does not contain a bibliography. [MLN]

961

Batticuore, Graciela. Lectoras del siglo XIX: imaginarios y prácticas en la Argentina. Buenos Aires: Ampersand, 2017. 174 p., 9 pages of plates: bibl., color ill. (Colección Scripta manent) A somewhat breezy analysis of 19thcentury Argentine portraiture, focusing on family images and, curiously, on the books or newspapers that the individuals portrayed are holding in their hands. Of no more than occasional interest. [TW]

962

Belkin, Alejandro Marcelo. Sindicalismo revolucionario y movimiento obrero en la Argentina: de la gestación en el Partido Socialista a la conquista de la FORA (1900–1915). Buenos Aires: Ediciones CEHTI: Ediciones Imago Mundi, 2018. 265 p.: bibl., index. (Colección Archivos; 9) Deeply researched and very detailed, Belkin’s look at the emergence of revolutionary syndicalism as one current within the Argentine left is meant for an audience already familiar with the context and historiography. The book includes a long historiographical essay section in the introduction that will be of great use to scholars working on similar topics. For those interested in early labor and leftist organizing, the book will be invaluable. [MLN]

963

Benavídez de Albar Díaz, Mabel. Oro y plata en la historia minera de San Juan. San Juan, Argentina: EFU Editorial Universidad Nacional de San Juan, 2016. 311 p.: bibl., ill. (some color). A narrowly focused history of the mining industry in San Juan, from the 1890s onward. The work was originally a master’s thesis, and would be of use primarily

to those researching either San Juan or the Argentine mining industry. [MLN]

964

Bizai, Carlos César. La inmigración eslovena en Entre Ríos: primera inmigración de 1878 a 1888 (primera de la República Argentina), segunda inmigración de 1926 a 1936. Segunda edición corregida y ampliada 2016. Paraná, Argentina: Editorial de Entre Ríos, 2016. 140 p.: bibl., ill. This work is a thick and idiosyncratic account of Slovene immigration to the province of Entre Ríos in the late 19th century. Based as much on family records as on archival or documentary sources, the study looks very much like others devoted to the Welsh, Polish, Hungarian, and Jewish immigrants in the same period—that is to say, three parts family legend and genealogy and only one part analysis. One minor detail is interesting, but not very well explained— why is it that earlier immigrants entirely lost their understanding of the Slovene language, while later immigrants, especially those coming to Argentina since the 1930s, have maintained a greater contact with the old country? [TW]

965

Bressan, Raquel. Alianzas, negociaciones y confl ictos: dinámicas de los elencos políticos del Litoral de los Ríos, 1862–1883. Rosario, Argentina: Prohistoria Ediciones, 2018. 182 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Historia Argentina; 35) This is a quite insightful look at the political elites in Corrientes and Entre Ríos from 1862 to 1883. Based on research in the Archivo General and on a careful consideration of regional newspapers, the study shines a focused light on the governance of the Litoral provinces in an era when Bonaerense dominance could no longer be challenged. Bressan shows that while some of the older struggles (urban versus countryside and liberal versus federal) seemed to quietly fi zzle out, they never went away. The stability of the new political order seemed obvious enough as did the willingness of many statesmen to subordinate their interests to those of the nation-state, but the creation of a regional consensus also represented something of a success story. Because the bright light of the cereals revolution in the Pampas tended to obscure everything else in the Argentine countryside during

History: 19th and 20th Centuries: Argentina / 243 those years, we have not noticed that much else was going on. Bressan is a good place to start. [TW]

966

Briolotti, Ana. La evaluación del desarrollo psicológico en los dispensarios de lactantes de Buenos Aires: medicina y psicología en la Argentina, 1935–1942. (Hist. Ciênc. Saúde Manguinhos, 23:4, out./dez. 2016, p. 1077–1093, bibl.) Briolotti explores the incorporation of psychology into the infant and toddler clinics running throughout Argentina and the ways in which psychology intersected with medicine. The clinics and the services they provided were a way for the state to involve itself in the care and education of the children and their mothers, and psychology and medicine were integral to the project. The article will be useful to those working on issues relating to the history of psychology and childhood in Argentina. [MLN]

967

Bryce, Benjamin. To belong in Buenos Aires: Germans, Argentines, and the rise of a pluralist society. Redwood City, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2018. 223 p.: bibl., ill., maps. Bryce’s well-researched book on German immigrants in the early 20th century adds to the already large historiography of immigration, while adding some particularly important information about immigrant schools. The book primarily focuses on social welfare, education, and religion (because the immigrants were both Catholic and Protestant), while weaving in the hopes for the future of the immigrants as part of the larger German diaspora. A very strong contribution to the scholarship, researchers will fi nd a great deal of useful analysis and information in the work. [MLN]

968

Buenos Aires memoria antigua: fotografías 1850–1900 = Buenos Aires: ancient memory: photographs, 1850–1900. Curación de las fotografías/Photography curation by Luis Priamo. Edición de/Edited by Matteo Goretti. Fotografías de/Photographs by Charles D. Fredricks et al. Buenos Aires: Fundación Ceppa Ediciones, 2017. 479 p.: bibl., chiefly ill. (some color). Nearly 500 pages of beautiful b/w photos of 19th-century Buenos Aires reproduced in a spectacularly attractive coffeetable book. Since the death some years ago

of Miguel Angel Cuarterolo, the dean of Argentine photographic historians has been Abel Alexander, whom, together with Luís Priamo and Adrián Gorelik, offers a readable and informative introduction in both Spanish and English. [TW]

969

Buonuome, Juan. El partido de los consumidores: publicidad, consumo y cultura de clase en la prensa socialista argentina, entre el Centenario y la Gran Depresión. (Desarro. Econ., 56:219, set./dic. 2016, p. 245–276, bibl., ill.) Using the Socialist newspaper La Vanguardia, Buonuome explores the advertisements for consumer goods, showing the ways that the paper positioned itself as Socialist, but also for those who aspired to join the middle class (and purchase its attendant consumer products). A fascinating look at consumption and advertising, the article will be of interest to anyone working on popular culture in the early 20th century in Argentina. [MLN]

970

Burocracias estatales: problemas, enfoques y estudios de caso en la Argentina (entre fi nes del siglo XIX y XX). Edición de María Silvia Di Liscia y Germán Soprano. Rosario, Argentina: Prohistoria Ediciones Santa Rosa, Argentina: EDUNLPam, 2017. 222 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Estudios y problemas; 7) Bringing together scholars from a variety of social sciences, the editors allow an expansive look at bureaucracy in Argentina and its diverse functions. From immigration and public health to the military and currency, the authors explore the nature and function of bureaucracy in a moment of wide expansion. For those scholars working on questions of the state and government during the late 19th and early 20th century, the multi-disciplinary nature of the work will be helpful. [MLN]

971

Buroni, José Raúl. El general don José de San Martín visto por un médico. Buenos Aires: 1884 Círculo Militar, 2018. 384 p.: bibl., ill. In the US, we can speak of certain historical figures like Abraham Lincoln, George Washington, and Robert E. Lee whose biographers have fi lled whole warehouses with often-repetitive works, and yet continue to respond to an unending

244 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 public clamor for more. In Argentina, that same place is reserved for the figure of José de San Martín, the liberator-soldier who is held to encapsulate every possible national virtue. The fact that this kind of standard would make him unrecognizable to himself is rather beside the point. The makers of legends continue to gild the lily by placing the Liberator into more and more expansive settings. We have San Martín the general, the dutiful son, the epicure, the romantic figure—the list goes on and on. In this particular case, we get a look at his medical complaints. The author, who is the doctor of the title, probably does us a service in noting that San Martín, like other “great men,” was a sufferer. He went through stages where he was affected by cholera, respiratory ailments, rheumatism, peptic ulcers, and, later in life, by cataracts. Buroni, who is also an army colonel, offers the opinion that San Martín was the victim of Reiter’s syndrome, which caused recurrent trembling of the hands and arms, and occasionally more serious convulsions. This work is interesting up to a point, but will probably rate only two or three lines in a conventional bibliography. [TW]

972

Bustelo, Natalia and Lucas Domínguez Rubio. Radicalizar la reforma universitaria: la fracción revolucionaria del movimiento estudiantil argentino, 1918– 1922. (Anu. Colomb. Hist. Soc. Cult., 44:2, julio/dic. 2017, p. 31–62, bibl.) Bustelo and Domínguez Rubio recover part of the university reform movement that has long been overlooked—that of the leftist students who saw themselves as part of the larger revolutionary movement that began with the Bolshevik Revolution. Even though the group and its publications had mostly dispersed by 1923, the authors argue that the history of the left in Latin America needs to be more attuned to these smaller, yet important currents of revolutionary thought and action. Scholars working on the left in Argentina and Latin America more broadly will be interested in the analysis. [MLN]

973

Caimari, Lila M. While the city sleeps: a history of pistoleros, policemen, and the crime beat in Buenos Aires before Peron. Translated by Lisa Ubelaker

Andrade and Richard Shindell. Oakland, California: University of California Press, 2017. 229 p.: bibl., ill., maps. (Violence in Latin American history; 2) Taken from Caimari’s larger work of the same name in Spanish, this deeply researched work is a series of six connected essays about crime, police, and disorder in the 1920s and 1930s. Using an enormous array of sources, many from the popular press, Caimari explores the way that order was conceptualized and changed during an era of great physical growth in the city of Buenos Aires. An essential read for anyone working on popular culture in the 1920s and 1930s as well as anyone interested in the police and modern urban history. [MLN]

974

Camarero, Hernán. Tiempos rojos: el impacto de la Revolución Rusa en la Argentina. Buenos Aires: Sudamericana, 2017. 335 p.: bibl. Part of the growing literature on Argentina within the larger context of worldwide leftist activism, Camarero offers a narrative history of the Russian Revolution as seen through the eyes of the Argentine left. The author pays particular attention to the influence of Russia on the leftist parties in Argentina as well as the communication between leftists in the two countries. Though full of good information, most of the primary sources quoted in the text are not cited, making it challenging for scholars to trace source materials. [MLN]

975

Caruso, Laura. Embarcados: los trabajadores marítimos y la vida a bordo: sindicato, empresas y estado en el puerto de Buenos Aires, 1889–1921. Buenos Aires: Imago Mundi, 2016. 283 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Archivos: estudios del movimiento obrero y la izquierda; 5) Caruso brings port workers into the growing literature on workers at the turnof-the-century, looking at their labor, organizing, struggles, and political influence. Port workers were essential to the work of the city of Buenos Aires, but often toiled in poor conditions for meager wages. The years 1889–1921 marked a period of high mobilization—strikes and other actions that successfully called attention to their plight and Caruso ably illustrates the role played by port workers organizing labor. Essential

History: 19th and 20th Centuries: Argentina / 245 reading for anyone working on workers, mobilization, and the late 19th and early 20th centuries. [MLN]

976

Ciapuscio, Héctor. Los gobiernos liberales y el inmigrante europeo: (1853–1930). Buenos Aires: EUDEBA, 2017. 262 p.: bibl. (Lectores) Written by Argentina’s national director of migration from 1958–1966, the work was completed in the 1970s but only recently published. Not intended as an academic work, but rather as a rumination on immigration in Argentina with a narrative history, the book is most useful for the sources it consults. Ciapuscio frequently references the Memoria del Departamento General de Inmigración that appeared yearly during the late 19th and early 20th centuries—all copies are now lost or destroyed. The work will help to buttress the research of scholars of the mass-migration era, potentially adding information previously believed lost. [MLN]

977

Colimodio, Roberto A. Los héroes olvidados de la Cuesta de Chacabuco. San Juan, Argentina: Editorial UNSJ, 2018. 207 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Independencia) This book presents a series of minibiographies of Argentine officers (and a few noncoms) who participated in the battle of Chacaburo on 12 February 1817. The latter engagement, which was key to the success of San Martín’s campaign to liberate Chile, has already received considerable attention from scholars whose efforts will not be much improved by this present study. That said, genealogists will fi nd it occasionally interesting if they are at all curious about some random individual’s greatgreat grandson who led a quiet life in rural Cuyo. [TW]

978

Deutsch, Sandra McGee. The New School lecture “An army of women”: Communist-linked solidarity movements, maternalism, and political consciousness in 1930s and 1940s Argentina. (Americas/ Washington, 75:1, Jan. 2018, p. 95–125) Focusing on five movements that brought together Communist-linked women in a period of worldwide tension and uncertainty, Deutsch argues that the “Communist-linked armies of women employed and lived by existing gender no-

tions, even as they expanded women’s roles and consciousness” (p. 125). Linked to her larger book project, the author provides a fascinating glimpse of the ways that women inserted themselves into larger movements and conversations that were often hostile to their participation. The article will be of use to anyone working on leftist organizing and gender history in Argentina and Latin America more broadly. [MLN]

979

Dimas, Carlos S. Harvesting cholera: fruit, disease and governance in the cholera epidemic of Tucumán, Argentina, 1867–68. (J. Lat. Am. Stud., 49:1, Feb. 2017, p. 115–142, map) Argentina was hit hard by epidemic disease in the late 1860s and early 1870s. The tragedy and terror of the latter plague— yellow fever—was immortalized in a familiar 1871 painting by the Uruguayan artist Juan Manuel Blanes that can be seen today in Montevideo’s Museo Nacional de Artes Visuales. That horrible epidemic cost the lives of 8 percent of the inhabitants of Buenos Aires. But it is the former and much less studied epidemic—cholera—that swept the interior province of Tucuman in 1867–68 to which Prof. Dimas calls our attention in this well-written article. The Tucumano doctors and public health officials, following what they regarded as solid scientific wisdom, determined that the epidemic had its origins in the “miasmic vapors” that rose from fruit grown in the south of the province. They recommended the complete destruction of those fruit as a sound prophylactic measure against cholera. This rather odd idea was endorsed by government decrees, notices in newspapers, and a public opinion more influenced by fear and panic than by reasoned thinking. As it turned out, the destruction of fruit trees opened space for the more extensive cultivation of sugar, which had an enormous impact on the provincial economy in the next generation. Dimas, however, is more interested in how the disease crisis was mediated by the relations between urban elites and rural masses; the fears of contagion drove these social groups together in ways that would have been impossible in previous times. This article is an excellent example of how modern scholars have usefully pulled twigs from the various branches of social and political

246 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 history, glued them together with a bit of imagination, and presented the product to readers as something attractive, new, and perhaps even path-breaking. [TW]

980

Diplomacia, malones y cautivos en la frontera sur, siglo XIX: miradas desde la antropología histórica. Compilación de Ingrid de Jong. Buenos Aires: Sociedad Argentina de Antropología, 2016. 332 p.: bibl., ill. (Publicaciones de la Sociedad Argentina de Antropología) For some reason, compilations always come equipped with long and unwieldy titles. The present work is no exception, but it nonetheless does offer a gloss for five quite solid mini-studies on interethnic relations on Argentina’s southern frontier during the 1800s. In each case, the author has conducted archival research of a sophisticated and thorough nature, yielding an attractive result. Of particular interest is the Guido Cordero piece of 44 pages that seeks with some success to apply anthropological principles to a history of violent raiding (on both sides). [TW]

981

Doeswijk, Andreas L. Los anarcobolcheviques rioplatenses (1917–1930). Buenos Aires: CeDInCI, 2013. 306 p.: bibl. (Colección Ensayos e investigación; 2) An in-depth narrative study of the Anarcho-Bolsheviks, one of the less-studied leftist groups in Argentina. Part of the growing historiography on the Russian Revolution and its effect on Argentina and its leftist groups, Doeswijk’s well-researched and cited book looks at the organizations and periodicals of the movement. The book is a good addition to the ever-expanding knowledge of leftist groups and their international influences and ties during the early 20th century. [MLN]

982

En Buenos Aires 1928. Edición de Francis Korn y Martín Oliver. Buenos Aires: Sudamericana, 2017. 253 p.: bibl., ill. Like Korn’s previous work, this book takes one year in the life of the city of Buenos Aires and examines a variety of events, from the death of Juan B. Justo to cartoons to the lack of female athletic participation in the Olympics and everything in between. By looking at an array of moments, Korn, Oliver, and their co-authors demonstrate the changes that Argentine society was experi-

encing, using events as jumping-off points for a meditation on the cultural shifts of the early 20th century. Not intended as an academic work, it is nonetheless enjoyable and brings the year to life in an engaging way. [MLN]

983

Enfoques plurales en la historia de la población. Coordinación de César A. García Belsunce. Contribuciones de Susana R. Frías. Buenos Aires: Academia Nacional de la Historia, 2016. 110 p.: bibl., ill. (Cuadernos del Grupo de Trabajo sobre Historia de la Población; 10) A compilation of six short pieces on Argentine demography from the 18th century to the beginnings of the 1900s. A mixed bag—not for the general reader. [TW]

984

Ferrás, Graciela Liliana. Ricardo Rojas: nacionalismo, inmigración y democracia. Buenos Aires: EUDEBA, 2017. 318 p.: bibl. (Ensayos) An important new exploration of the works and philosophy of Ricardo Rojas, one of the most important Argentine thinkers of the early 20th century. Ferrás reveals the story of Rojas’ life through his writings, which pondered the nature of Argentina, what it meant to be a republic in the Americas (as opposed to Europe), and questions of immigration and a diverse population within the nation. In addition to the wellresearched and cited narrative, the bibliography references many of his newspaper articles, which have not been collected and edited. Because of Rojas’ stature, most scholars working on political or intellectual history in the early 20th century would fi nd the book useful. [MLN]

985

Fotia, Laura. Proyección y política cultural estadounidense en Argentina, 1928–1941. (Rev. Complut. Hist. Am., 41, 2015, p. 21–46, bibl.) Focusing on the presidencies of Herbert Hoover and Franklin Delano Roosevelt in the US, Fotia examines the cultural exchange between the US and Argentina. She found that as American culture expanded into Argentina, it was in a hybridized form, interpreted for an Argentine audience. The article is a good contribution to the growing scholarship on foreign policy, more broadly imagined than just politics and diplomacy. [MLN]

History: 19th and 20th Centuries: Argentina / 247

986

Fronteras disputadas: religión, secularización y anticlericalismo en la Argentina (siglos XIX y XX). Compilación de Roberto Di Stefano y José A. Zanca. Buenos Aires: Imago Mundi, 2016. 259 p.: bibl., index. (Colección Bitácora argentina) Focusing on the 19th and 20th centuries up to the 1960s, the volume takes on some large-scale trends within religion and the Church, particularly the change in relations between the state, society, and religion. Tied to this is the idea of secularization, which was part of the charge of the modernizing state in Argentina. From a look at clericalism and anticlericalism during the Rosas years to imagining the future of religion in the post-Vatican II 1960s, the deeply researched articles in the book will be of interest to anyone researching religion or the Church in Argentina. [MLN]

987

Galiana, Eduardo Enrique. La cruel realidad de las llamadas “cautivas” en la Guerra de la Triple Alianza. Corrientes, Argentina: Moglia Ediciones, 2017. 361 p.: bibl. One of the minor yet still-unforgettable legends of the Paraguayan War concerns the 24 Correntino women taken into Paraguay as prisoners when Marshal Francisco Solano López retreated out of northeastern Argentina in late 1865. These women suffered in captivity (though no more so than many other prisoners at the time). The romantic appeal of their story was such as to inspire monuments and poetic treatments in Corrientes. Enrique Eduardo Galiana is among the first to attempt a comprehensive look at the cautivas. Unfortunately, the work is quite spotty. It is poorly edited, redundant, and overly dependent on a small number of sources. The author cites himself a bit too often for good decorum. And yet, all in all, the diligent reader will fi nd much in his study that is interesting, and perhaps worth the effort of sifting the nuggets from the sluicebox, even though, in the end, the conclusion can only approximate the standard cliché that war is hell for all concerned. [TW]

988

Garabedian, Marcelo Hugo. El Correo Español de Buenos Aires y la prensa española en el Río de la Plata: nuevas enfoques para su estudio. (Hist. Quest. Debates, 29:56, jan./junho 2012, p. 159–177)

Garabedian has written a short study of the periodical El Correo Español (1872–1905) as an example of the Spanish immigrant press in the Río de la Plata region. Intended as an overview and as a map for further study, the article will be of most use to scholars working on topics around immigration. [MLN]

989

Garcilazo, Romina. El universo burgués tensionado por la honra, la deshonra y la honorabilidad: el caso de Juan Canals, Rosario (Santa Fe-Argentina), segunda mitad del siglo XIX. (Hist. Soc./ Río Piedras, 33, julio/dic. 2017, p. 167–200, bibl., ill.) The author presents the case of a Catalan immigrant in 1870s Rosario and attempts to show what his career as a merchant/realtor can tell us about shared concepts of reputation and honor among provincial business elites. As a work of research, the study is quite impressive for its extensive use of material gleaned from contemporary newspapers. As a work of synthesis, it is less successful, relying far too often on speculation as opposed to analysis. [TW]

990

Gasquet, Axel. El llamado de Oriente: historia cultural del orientalismo argentino (1900–1950). Buenos Aires: Eudeba, 2015. 444 p.: bibl. (Ensayos) An intellectual history of Orientalist thought in Argentina, Gasquet’s book expands upon his earlier work that dealt specifically with Orientalism in Argentine literature. The author explores the ways that the writers learned and conveyed ideas about “the Orient,” and the manner in which they typically presented it in opposition to European and Western thought. In some ways, it mirrored Sarmiento’s civilization and barbarism framework. The work is essential reading for those interested in Argentine intellectual history. [MLN]

991

Gavirati, Marcelo. Chupat-Camwy Patagonia: historia de la coexistencia pacífica entre galeses, pampas y tehuelche. Villa Adelina, Argentina: Patagonia Sur Libros, 2017. 485 p.: bibl., ill. The story of 19th-century Patagonia is usually told in blood, with General Roca’s “Conquest of the Desert” standing out as a particularly ugly example of the slaughter of one ethnic group by another. There was so

248 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 much killing, in fact, that we are bound to forget the cases where mutual respect, even social harmony, guided relations among ethnic groups. This quite ample study offers one such example, and its title tells the whole story—through luck, through flexibility, and through self-interest, the Tehuelche and Pampa Indians enjoyed a striking level of co-existence with each other and with the Welsh immigrants who came to live nearby. “Convivencia” may have seemed strange at the outset, but for all three of these groups, who were similarly affected by the growing Atlantic economy, it increasingly made sense. As Marcelo Gavirati points out, the success was partly a matter of personalities and partly of formal treaties. He has uncovered extensive documentation in the archives to demonstrate how cooperation worked to everyone’s advantage, and how the old atavistic attitudes and traditional bigotries slowly gave way over a 20-year period (1865–85). The message here is quite simple—and perhaps simplistic—but it is nonetheless good to be reminded that not everything in Patagonia was rounded with murder. [TW]

992

Ghidoli, María de Lourdes. Estereotipos en negro: representaciones y autorrepresentaciones visuales de afroporteños en el siglo XIX. Rosario, Argentina: Prohistoria Ediciones, 2016. 357 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Historia argentina; 28) Porteños and provincianos are constantly making fun of each other, laughing at the different accents, the different customs and attitudes, and above all, the different “looks” that the other group of Argentines supposedly favors. These images invariably portray the provincianos as dark (or Indigenous), and the Porteños as white, Italianate, and sharp-featured. This dichotomy of images is not only common among average people, it is pervasive in a historiography still affected by Sarmiento’s thesis of “civilization versus barbarism.” What is ironic about this depiction is that, for a substantial portion of the 19th century, it was Buenos Aires, with its large Afro-Argentine population, that represented the “darker” side of the country. How the capital city became “white” was never just a matter of European immigration, it was also part of a planned strategy by politicians

and artists to “whiten” Argentina, making it a great nation along the way. This is the topic that María de Lourdes Ghidoli examines with great care in this focused study of portraiture and self-portraiture of Black Porteños during the 1800s. Her analysis reflects a careful reading of George Reid Andrews on the history (see HLAS 42:3291 and HLAS 42:3292) and of the Marxist writers on the ideology. Her principal argument, that representations of Afro-Argentines and the society in which they lived were more highly politicized than has been generally recognized, is hard to fault. So is her knowledge of the art. [TW]

993

Gorla, Carlos María. La industria de la carne en la Patagonia y Tierra del Fuego: sus orígenes y formación. Buenos Aires: Foro de la Memoria de Mataderos, 2015. 235 p.: bibl. An exhaustively researched and narrow look at the meat industry in the 19th and early 20th centuries in the southernmost regions of Argentina. Gorla presents both a narrative look at the industry as well as quantitative information throughout— there are numerous tables and charts that would be of interest to scholars. [MLN]

994

Guido y Spano, Carlos. Hojas al viento: escritos políticos y militantes de Carlos Guido y Spano. Edición de Maximiliano Molocznik. Merlo, Argentina: Ediciones Instituto Superior Dr. Arturo Jauretche, 2016. 349 p.: bibl. (Colección Pulqui) Carlos Guido y Spano (1827–1918) was one of the most striking writers in 19thcentury Argentina. Like his contemporaries José Hernández and Olegario Andrade, he was as much a political commentator as a poet and essayist, and, like them, he favored the rural elites over the urban liberals associated with Bartolomé Mitre. His crucial role during the polemical debates of the 1860s and ‘70s is frequently discounted today or twisted into a parody by both admirers and modern critics (who approve of his poem “Nenia,” but little else). We therefore welcome the opportunity to allow Guido y Spano to speak again for himself in this interesting (though incomplete) compilation of his political writings. He was frequently a fi re-eater who consigned his opponents to the worst hell that a gaucho could imagine.

History: 19th and 20th Centuries: Argentina / 249 Just as often, he was a sensitive observer who could point out the ruthlessness of a modernization that insisted as much on the elimination of the underclass as upon the introduction of railroads and barbed wire. Helpful as this collection is, it has its weaknesses. Some of the essays and articles appear to have been chosen to help counter the more modern (or revisionist) version of Mitre than the Mitre that Guido y Spano knew in his lifetime. Also, the collection is not always friendly to scholars; for example, much of Guido y Spano’s writings appeared fi rst in newspapers, but we are given no such citations. It would be nice to know whether one of his articles appeared next to one of Hernández’s in El Porvenir de Gualiguaychú, but the editor provides nothing to guide us. [TW]

995

Gutman, Margarita et al. Bicentenario argentino: celebrar en las calles: ser parte de la historia. Buenos Aires: Ediciones Infi nito, 2016. 418 p.: bibl., ill. (some color). Written to commemorate the 2010 bicentennial of the Argentine Republic, the book offers an extensively detailed picture of the celebrations. The beginning has a short section on the history of the centennial celebration as well as the planning for the bicentennial. From the timetable of parades to the map of the festivities in the back, the work offers the government’s narrative of the events (even including an introduction by President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner). The book will be of great use to future scholars looking at celebrations and the Kirchner years, despite the lack of critical analysis. [MLN]

996

Historia regional: agenda y resultados recientes. Coordinación de Sandra R. Fernández y María Paula Polimene. Rosario, Argentina: Prohistoria Ediciones: Universidad Nacional de Rosario, UNR, 2017. 144 p.: bibl. This collection of articles is enormously varied—what links them is their development into articles at the University of Rosario. The works range from the intendancy system in the Río de la Plata to the pastoral visits of the archbishop to northern Peru in the colonial era, to an exploration of the Santa Fe-Chaco border and the commu-

nists of Rosario in the modern era. Because of the variety and specificity of the works, it is unlikely that the volume would appeal to a wide audience. [MLN]

997

Hora, Roy. Historia del turf argentino. Buenos Aires: Siglo Veintiuno Editores, 2014. 281 p.: bibl., ill. (Historia y cultura) Tracing the history of horse racing in Argentina from the 19th century to the present, with a focus on its apogee in the fi rst half of the 20th century, Hora illustrates the importance of the sport to different sectors in society. The author demonstrates how the history of turf is a microcosm of the larger changes in early 20th-century Argentina— the decline of the oligarchy, the rise of the masses—while also illustrating the importance of horse racing as a spectator sport for a cross-section of society. He also investigates the tensions between power, authority, status, and popularity as they relate both to horse racing and society at large. For those interested in the history of sport or class in the early 20th century, this book will be invaluable. [MLN]

998

El inglés: Rosas visto por los británicos. Edición de Andrew GrahamYooll. Prólogos de Félix Luna, Pacho O’Donnell y Rosendo Fraga. Buenos Aires: Marea Editorial, 2017. 227 p.: bibl. (Pasado imperfecto; 10) The corpus of works on Juan Manuel de Rosas grows larger every year. This is partly because certain ultra-nationalists in Argentina have aimed to transform the Restorer of the Laws into a hero for our own times. Despite the silliness of this proposition, no one can seriously doubt Rosas’ major historical role. And scholars who have approached him as a man of his time (rather than of ours) have vastly expanded our understanding of Argentina’s coalescence as a nation. Their works have covered every imaginable area from the narrowly biographical to studies of iconography and early “republican” ideology. Now Andrew Graham-Yooll, editor for many years of the Buenos Aires Herald, offers us a compilation of letters and notes on Rosas written by British diplomats during his governorship. These are all strikingly interesting, and if somewhat limited by their diplomatic

250 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 character, they do offer some occasional jewels. [TW]

999

Kałczewiak, Mariusz. Polacos in Argentina: Polish Jews, interwar migration, and the emergence of transatlantic Jewish culture. Tuscaloosa: The University of Alabama Press, 2020. 301 p.: bibl., ill., index, maps. (Jews and Judaism: history and culture) Kałczewiak’s book is a true transnational history—focusing as much on Poland and the depictions of Argentina in the Polish press as on Argentina. Because of the author’s ability to use sources in Spanish, Yiddish, Polish, and Hebrew, the array of references he is able to marshal is much broader than any previous study, and his focus specifically on Polish Jewry provides a fascinating glimpse of a transnational diaspora emanating from a particular location. Of certain interest to those working on Jews in Latin America, the book will also be of use to scholars of migration because of the way Kałczewiak balances his focus between the country of origin and the destination country. [MLN]

1000 Kapelusz-Poppi, Ana María. From Massachusetts and Pennsylvania to the Andes: physicians and soldiers in early nineteenth century Argentina. (Historian/Kingston, 80:2, Summer 2018, p. 293–326) This is a readable and well-composed short biography of Amán and Guillermo Rawson, father and son, who were major figures in 19th-century Argentine public health. After spending his early years in the then-isolated province of San Juan, the younger Rawson (1821–90) took training as a physician in Buenos Aires and entered national politics, eventually gaining fame as interior minister in the Mitre government of the early 1860s. He certainly made a name for himself as a scientist-politician and is frequently cited as one of the fathers of modern medicine in his country. Amán, the elder Rawson (1792–1847), was arguably a more interesting, and certainly more adventurous, individual, however, and is here given considerable attention. Having abandoned his Massachusetts homeland for service in the US Navy as a surgeon, Rawson sailed to many Atlantic ports during

the War of 1812. He arrived in Buenos Aires after the conclusion of the confl ict, but lost no time in abandoning the bustling city for the lonely interior region of Cuyo. There he married and attempted to set up an agricultural colony for American immigrants that eventually became the city of Caucete. Determined and entrepreneurial, Amán was attracted to the open possibilities presented by the United Provinces. He became an important businessman and druggist, introduced smallpox vaccine to the region, and was well-respected by all sides in the struggles between Federalists and Unitarians. Kapelusz-Poppi points out that earlier biographers (Sarmiento, for instance) were inclined to credit his Anglo-Saxon individualism and hard work for all his success (virtues that were passed on to his son); but she also argues that this was only part of the story, that Rawson owed his importance in the national fi rmament to the friendships that he made in Cuyo among both politicians and a small group of foreign-born literati. As she sees it, Rawson should thus be considered more of a clever survivor than a liberal scientist working nearly alone on an unhospitable frontier. [TW]

1001 Landaburu, Roberto E. Del sueño al degüello: los fi nales de la Confederación desde Rosario y su región. Rosario, Argentina: CB Ediciones, 2019. 144 p.: bibl., ill. This work presents a piecemeal condemnation of President Mitre’s use of Italian mercenaries to quell Confederal resistance after the 1861 battle of Pavón. The author, who evidently wishes to defend his province’s record in resisting “paid killers,” focuses on an ugly episode in November of that same year in which Bonaerense troops under Venancio Flores (and, yes, composed mainly of Italian soldiers-of-fortune) slaughtered some 300 diehards of the Federal cause at a site near Rosario. The massacre was indeed ugly, as all such butcheries invariably are. In placing emphasis on this particular incident, however, Sr. Landaburu is leading readers astray on two key points. First, in stressing the Italian origin of the mercenary units, he appeals to a xenophobic impulse, implying that men born in Genoa and Palermo were more likely to kill prisoners than Creoles in Argentina would have been

History: 19th and 20th Centuries: Argentina / 251 (a plainly false assertion). Second, though he does not call the massacre at Cañada de Gómez a unique event, he still fails to note that the slaughter of prisoners was a disgustingly familiar business in Argentina from the time of independence right up to the Patagonian campaigns of the 1880s. Alas. [TW]

century. The author, who recognizes that this is just an initial foray, hopes to stir a broader interest in the topic by demonstrating how many sources are available in fi ne arts museums and in the archives. This little book would have benefitted from color images. [TW]

1002 La larga historia de los saqueos en la Argentina: de la Independencia a nuestros días. Compilación de Gabriel Marco Di Meglio y Sergio Serulnikov. Buenos Aires: Siglo Veintiuno Editores, 2017. 318 p.: bibl., ill. (Hacer historia) Taking moments of looting throughout Argentina history as their departure point, editors Di Meglio and Serulnikov have assembled a fascinating panorama of chapters looking at these disruptions to the social order. Sometimes linked to political confl ict, at others extreme economic problems, this study of looting shows its importance as a lens through which to look at moments of rupture in Argentine history. Starting with the Independence era, scholars of the 19th, 20th, and 21st centuries will fi nd this a worthwhile and creative study of a little-researched phenomenon. [MLN]

1005 Levin, Yehuda Julio. Las primeras poblaciones agrícolas judías en la Argentina (1896–1914): crisis y expansión de las colonias fundadas por The Jewish Colonization Association. Buenos Aires: UAI Editorial: Teseo, 2017. 478 p.: bibl. (Colección UAI—Investigación) A narrative history, based on a doctoral dissertation, delving into the rural Jewish agricultural colonies during a period of great change. The book will be of most use to those already working on topics relating to Jews in Argentina or Latin America more broadly. [MLN]

1003 Lavallén Ranea, Fabián. Rescatando lo perdido: universos intelectuales y representaciones del pasado en el marco de la tercera posición (1947–1955). Buenos Aires: Editorial Biblos, 2016. 260 p.: bibl. (Investigaciones y ensayos) Using the periodical Hechos e Ideas (1947–51) as the basis of his work, Lavallén Ranea examines the Peronist philosophy justicialism, particularly its remaking of the past and narrative of the present. An intellectual history, the author is particularly focused on the deployment of signs and symbols in Peronism and how Peronist intellectuals created a new framework for understanding Argentine history. The work would be useful for those working on intellectual history or Peronism. [MLN] 1004 Leonardi, Rosana and Sara Vaisman. Los devenires de la indumentaria porteña: Buenos Aires, 1800–1852. Buenos Aires: Diseño, 2017. 164 p.: bibl., ill. A short (and somewhat preliminary) examination of dress and fashion in Buenos Aires during the fi rst decades of the 19th

1006 López, Mario Justo; Jorge Eduardo Waddell; and Juan Pablo Martínez. Historia del ferrocarril en Argentina: la política ferroviaria entre 1857 y 2015. Buenos Aires: Lenguaje Claro Editora, 2016. 330 p.: bibl., ill. A narrative history of the railroads, with different contributors taking different chapters, the work shows the intersections of politics and economics with the functioning of the Argentine railways. The work will be of interest to those working on any issues around transportation, and includes maps and charts of lines and companies at the end. [MLN] 1007 Lozier Almazán, Bernardo P. Mayo de 1810: la Argentina improvisada, 1810–1860: medio siglo de desencuentros: ensayo histórico. 2a edición. Argentina: Sammartino Ediciones, 2019. 203 p.: bibl. (Conciencia histórica) One of the singular challenges facing Argentine historiography is to fi nd a way to make its constituent parts effectively fit together so as to form a coherent whole. Given the many twists, turns, and unexpected culs-de-sacs, this has hardly been an enviable or easy proposition. But in this new edition of an historical essay originally published in 2009, this is precisely the task that Professor Lozier Almazán has set himself. He takes the events and

252 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 personages associated with the revolutionary movement of May 1810 and portrays them as providing the political catalyst that ultimately led to the consolidation of a liberal political order after the 1861 battle of Pavón. The success of this long-term political endeavor depended mainly on a spirit of improvisation (or pragmatism) that the author sees manifested among Porteño statesmen. The problem with this argument is that it is nonfalsifiable. A willingness to bend with the political wind may have brought a happy resolution of the ongoing struggles between Federalists and Centralists. But it may also have delayed changes that in Chile, for instance, were arrived at quite early (as evidenced in the Portalian compromise). As Lozier Almazán frames his thesis, we cannot really know if improvisation was at work or something more akin to dumb luck. [TW]

1008 Lozier Almazán, Bernardo P. Pedro de Angelis: cronista de Juan Manuel de Rosas, patriarca de los historiadores rioplatenses. Argentina: Sammartino Ediciones, 2018. 220 p.: bibl., ill. (Biografías) Scholars of colonial or 19th-century Argentina are all aware of the singular role played by Pedro de Angelis in assembling a major collection of books and documents to aid in the investigation of their topic. Many of these same scholars also know that de Angelis served Juan Manuel de Rosas as chief librarian and propagandist, a man who offered a varnish of modernity to an otherwise brutal dictatorship. Beyond these two things, however, relatively little about de Angelis is commonly recognized. Thus, it is a good day when a new biography of this key figure appears that addresses more than summary details. Lozier Almazán’s de Angelis is a relatively complete man, a Neopolitan who escapes the revolutionary excesses of Europe only to fi nd a bureaucratic niche for himself in one of the world’s most isolated cities. In the way that he dealt with this fate, de Angelis came to personify the old adage “when life gives you a lemon, make lemonade.” All of us might learn from that approach. In any case, Lozier Almazán has done us a particular favor in examining the man’s correspondence with European and Argentine friends, and in throwing light on his fi nal days, after Rosas had fallen from

power and after de Angelis’ beloved library had been largely dispersed. [TW]

1009 Maggiori, Ernesto. 6 historias patagónicas. Trelew, Argentina: Remitente Patagonia, 2017. 331 p.: bibl., ill. Part local history, part meditation on Patagonia, Maggiori explores the family histories of the Torres de Corcovados, Breides, and Hubes, ending with recent oral histories of two Indigenous women—Francisca Llancaman and Eugenia Cheuquepal. Scholars focused on Patagonia may fi nd some useful information, but the work is meant for a popular audience. [MLN] 1010 Marco, Miguel Ángel de. Pellegrini: piloto de tormentas: impulsor del desarrollo nacional. Buenos Aires.: Emecé, 2017. 371 p., 16 unnumbered pages of plates: bibl., ill. (some color). Miguel Angel de Marco is well on his way to becoming Argentina’s premier biographer of 19th-century statesmen. Already he has studies on Mitre, Sarmiento, Alem, Belgrano, and of course, San Martín. All these works rest on a sound reading of key archival documents and secondary sources, including newspapers. All are well-written. And all in their interpretation reveal the hard ruts of the conventional. This current study of Carlos Pellegrini is no exception. De Marco offers a standard biographical treatment, arrayed chronologically, that traces his subject’s early years through his service in the Paraguayan War, his work as a lawyer and journalist, and his rise as a politician. Not surprisingly, Pellegrini gets most of De Marco’s concentrated attention for the role he played during the 1890s, when his supple gamesmanship made possible the departure of President Juárez Celman without simultaneously conceding too much power to the Radicals. De Marco’s account of how Pellegrini managed to do this is perfectly compelling, but readers should keep in mind that there is not much that is new here. [TW] 1011 Martí, Gerardo Marcelo. Carlos de Alvear: el unitarismo. Loma Hermosa, Argentina: Ediciones AqL, 2019. 214 p.: bibl., ill. Gerardo Marcelo Martí has authored five previous studies detailing the political history of early independent Argentina and

History: 19th and 20th Centuries: Argentina / 253 the Rosas years. They all take more or less the same form. The author reiterates a body of well-known history, drawn mostly from secondary accounts and often focusing on a particular figure. Then, every 10 pages or so, he hazards an opinion. The latter run the gamut from conventional to far-fetched and back again, but are only occasionally memorable. This new work on Carlos de Alvear may offer one of those occasions. Martí points to the Alvear Directorate of 1815–16 as a major turning point in Argentine Unitarianism, arguing that from that point forward, the older liberalism, which turned on legislative bodies and parliamentary order, was replaced (or perhaps displaced) by a regime that concentrated power in the hands of a smaller group and eventually in one person alone—all this within the bounds of accepted Unitarian thinking. Now, something rather like this did happen, but the question is why? The most likely explanation is that the earlier system was too weak to cope with the political and economic challenges of those times. But Martí goes much further than this, ascribing to the clandestine discussions of the Masonic lodges the key role in pushing politics in a more centralized direction, thus paving the way for the consolidation of the Rivadavia regime. This might be so, but how could we possibly know since the lodges operated secretly and left no notes? To believe Martí’s explanation, we must take his argument about Alvear on faith. There is no reason to do so. [TW]

1012 Mauro, Diego Alejandro. Multitudes católicas, sociedad de masas y política en la Argentina: reflexiones a partir del Congreso Eucarístico Nacional de 1940. (Secuencia/México, 97, enero/abril 2017, p. 200–231, bibl.) Mauro focuses on the Congreso Eucarístico Nacional de 1940, a religious event that brought together tens of thousands of spectators and participants. He notes that the event offered a kind of political face of Catholicism, but that the meanings were different depending on whether you were a member of the masses, or one of the political and religious elite who organized and spoke at the event. Analyzing the event from the transportation choices and food options offered at local cafés to the trajectory

of religious rituals and celebrations in Santa Fe, Mauro offers a vision of the event and its meanings tied to the masses, a perspective often lacking in histories of Catholicism and Catholic practice in Argentina. [MLN]

1013 Menvielle, Emilio Enrique. La frontera interior: confl ictos y campañas durante la ocupación de la región pampeana: 1810–1880. Buenos Aires: Editorial Dunken, 2014. 131 p., 16 unnumbered pages of plates: bibil., ill. This is a summary treatment of Indian wars in the Pampas from the time of independence until the Conquest of the Desert in the 1870s and 80s. While politically sympathetic to the Native peoples, Menvielle offers nothing that is particularly new, not even a footnote. [TW] 1014 Miceli, Sergio. Sueños de la periferia: intelectualidad argentina y mecenazgo privado. Traducción de Juan Pablo Pardias. Buenos Aires: Prometeo Libros, 2017. 142 p.: bibl., ill. (Prometeo Bicentenario) Comparing the intellectual vanguard of Brazil with that of Argentina, Miceli focuses on the ways that Argentine intellectuals throughout the 1930s were sustained by private patronage, rather than being co-opted by the government as they were in Brazil. The short book is divided into two sections—one dealing with the periodical Sur, the other with Alfonsina Storni and Horacio Quiroga, so it will be of great interest to a small group, and of less use to a larger audience. [MLN] 1015 Míguez, Eduardo José. Bartolomé Mitre: entre la nación y la historia. Buenos Aires: Edhasa, 2018. 442 p.: bibl. (Biografías argentinas) Political biographies seem to be back in vogue in today’s Argentina, with the usual cast of important historical figures— San Martín, Rosas, and Perón—invariably leading the way. Here we have a solid, if not exceptional, study of Bartolomé Mitre (1821– 1906), who, perhaps more than any other Argentine save for Juan Bautista Alberdi, set the standard for the político-intelectual during the 19th century. Mitre’s presidential term (1862–68) witnessed fundamental shifts in the trajectory of Argentine politics, both in domestic terms and in relation to foreign powers. And yet, Mitre survived

254 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 his time in office by nearly 40 years, and in many ways his greatest achievements date from this later period. In addition to setting a modernizing tone to the political milieu in his country, he also encouraged the scholarly analysis of Argentine history that, to some extent, still fi nds echoes today. Míguez does not bring much that is really novel to this story and seems to have been forced by his publisher to limit his citation of the documents that Mitre himself was so fond of. That said, his is a superior biography that tries to measure Mitre in his own terms, while scrupulously avoiding the polemics that don Bartolomé’s name inspired in generations from the 1930s onward. It reads well, though perhaps not quite as well as Miguel Ángel de Marco’s 2004 work, Bartolomé Mitre (see HLAS 60:2930). The conscientious reader will wish to consult them both. [TW]

1016 Movimiento obrero argentino: aspectos y momentos históricos de la lucha política y sindical. Edición de Cristina Mateu y Claudio Spiguel. Buenos Aires: Ediciones Revista La Marea, 2016. 175 p.: bibl. The culmination of a course designed as a survey of the labor movement in Argentina from the late 19th century to the present, each of the seven chapters represented a class meeting and a different topic. The book is a good overview or introduction to those wanting background on labor in Argentina and its development throughout the 20th century. [MLN] 1017 Palermo, Pablo Emilio. Vida y tiempo de Mariano Moreno: una biografía del Secretario de Gobierno y Guerra de la Junta de 1810. Buenos Aires: Editorial Dunken, 2017. 188 p.: bibl. (ROI : recepción de obras inéditas) Mariano Moreno (1778–1811) was the fair-haired boy of Argentine independence and is destined to retain that “title” (such as it is) for as long as question marks bracket the country’s historiography. Because he died young and with a rather ambiguous record as a political thinker, Moreno appeals to different scholars for different reasons. Mainly he is regarded as an idealist, but what exactly were his ideals and what kind of future did he envision for Argentina? These are the questions that Palermo seeks

to answer, and not surprisingly, only gets just so far. He has previously provided workman-like biographies of Esteban Echeverría Sarmiento, Avellaneda, and Cornelio de Saavedra. This work displays the same strengths as those earlier studies—a good command of the secondary literature, a solid grasp on the politics of the time, and a novelist’s talent for writing. These advantages only work just so far in this case, however, and the judicious reader will still want to consult the Belgrano Epistolario, published in 1970 by the Academia Nacional de la Historia, and probably even Enrique de Gandía and Eduardo O. Dürnhöfer. [TW]

1018 Pascual, Cecilia M. and Diego P. Roldán. La Gran Guerra y sus impactos locales: Rosario, Argentina 1914–1920. (Anu. Colomb. Hist. Soc. Cult., 42:2, julio/dic. 2015, p. 75–101, bibl.) In Rosario, the impact of the First World War was primarily economic, but its effects were felt throughout the city with homelessness, unemployment, and insufficient social services creating difficult situations for many of those already at the margins. The article is a good contribution to the growing historiography on the effects of WWI in Latin America. [MLN] 1019 Penhos, Marta. Paisaje con figuras: la invención de Tierra del Fuego a bordo del Beagle (1826–1836). Buenos Aires: Ampersand, 2018. 392 p.: bibl, ill. (Colección Caleidoscópica) This is a most attractive study of images and the power that they sometimes hold over us. Dr. Penhos has taken for her area of focus Tierra del Fuego, and her key text, Narrative of the Surveying Voyages of his Majesty’s Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836 (London: Colburn, 1839). This latter work, which was evidently authored by Phillip Parker King, Robert FitzRoy, and Charles Darwin, enjoys an important distinction: more than any account since Pigafetta’s memoir of Magellan’s voyage, it is responsible for generating lasting impressions of the southernmost Argentine territories in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Whether they realized it or not, these three provided the images that ever afterwards captured the imagination of anyone who would contemplate the tierras

History: 19th and 20th Centuries: Argentina / 255 australes. Penhos takes this unassailable fact and weaves out of it a complex tapestry, partly informed by (but not shackled to) postcolonial scholarship. One of her major concerns is the role played by Conrad Martens, the painter who accompanied Darwin and FitzRoy on the Beagle and who supplied oil paintings of landscapes and Native peoples to accompany the text of the Narrative. Martens, like FitzRoy, was interested in the phrenological studies of his period and it defi nitely shows in his renderings. Less obvious, perhaps, is how the subtleties in his depictions of a “wild” or “savage” world reinforced a European measure for how “civilization” might best be understood. Readers familiar with Sarmiento’s famous essay Facundo will see a certain intersection here in terms of politics, pseudo-science, and Argentine historiography. What is less clear in this fascinating study is whether King, FitzRoy, Darwin, and Martens believed that their images, visual and textual, were really “true” (and therefore disinterested), or whether they were creating something with a particular audience in mind. [TW]

1020 Plaza Navamuel, Rodolfo Leandro. Don Victorino: el ciudadano ejemplar. Salta, Argentina: Instituto de San Felipe y Santiago de Estudios Históricos de Salta, 2016. 501 p: bibl., ill. There is an interesting strain in Argentine biography where the few local sons who have made good in national terms receive a striking measure of credit specifically because of their provincial origins. Justo José de Urquiza has received this treatment from Entrerriano scholars, and to a lesser extent, so has Domingo Faustino Sarmiento from the San Juaninos. It usually happens that some familiar provincial historian makes this sort of biography his or her life’s work, and it usually shows in terms of overly detailed recitation of facts and analyses that are either too shallow or too flat. This present biography of Salteño politician Victorino de la Plaza (1840–1919) is part of the pattern. Mostly composed by the senior Plaza Navamuel, it was only recently completed by his son, both of whom appear devoted to their ancestor, the don Victorino of the book title. The latter served as president of the republic from 1914 to 1916 and was thus the last Conservative

president before the Sáenz Peña Law opened the franchise to a far larger portion of the Argentine male population than had previously been the case. Don Victorino acted as a fairly minor figure before Hipólito Yrigoyen rewrote the political rules. For all of his transitory character, however, Plaza was an interesting character as his descendants lovingly relate in nearly 500 pages of text. He knew six languages and served in both diplomatic and fi nancial capacities, and in his time was perhaps Salta’s most notable intellectual. He also lived many years in Great Britain where he was known as a charming conversationalist, aristocratic in demeanor. The fact that he was not a central figure in an era dominated by Juárez Celman, Leandro de Alem, and Yrigoyen should not be held against him. He was, of course, in many of the right places at the right time and this fact alone makes this biography useful if not essential. [TW]

1021 La población: su dinámica y los retratos resultantes. Coordinación de Julia Patricia Ortiz de D’Arterio. Argentina: Ediciones Imago Mundi: Ente Provincial Bicentenario Tucumán 2016, Gobierno de Tucumán: CFI, Consejo Federal de Inversiones, 2017. 279 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Historias temáticas de Tucumán) This is a solid examination of demographic change in Tucumán from the time of independence through the end of the 20th century. Topics covered include European immigration and its effect on the sugar nexus, infant mortality, internal migration, social mobility, and rates of poverty. [TW] 1022 Política, sociedad, instituciones y saberes: diálogos interdisciplinares e intercontinentales. Compilación de Natacha Bacolla, Luis Donatello y Bernardo Carrizo. Santa Fe, Argentina: Ediciones UNL, Secretaría de Extensión, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 2017. 344 p.: bibl., ill. A series of articles that came out of two conferences at the Universidad Nacional del Litoral, both of which privileged theoretical discussions about history across disciplines. The articles span the 19th and 20th centuries, looking primarily at politics and institutions, and include both Argentina (primarily Santa Fe) and France. The book will be of particular interest to schol-

256 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 ars studying links between Argentina and France as well as the history of the province of Santa Fe. [MLN]

1023 Política y cultura de masas en la Argentina de la primera mitad del siglo XX. Edición de Sandra Gayol y Silvana A. Palermo. Buenos Aires: Ediciones UNGS, Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento, 2018. 342 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Humanidades) An important new collection of articles about the role of the “masses” in the early 20th century, Gayol and Palermo have assembled a wide array of topics. Divided into two parts, the fi rst deals with the state and the politics of the masses, the second with politics in mass culture. Topics in the fi rst section range from the origins of the national identity card system to infant paralysis to debates about prisons in different locations. In the second, scholars turn to the medical analysis of jealousy, the fi lm industry, and articles about entertainer Hugo del Carril and the death of Eva Perón, among other topics. For anyone working on the early 20th century, or on the concept of the “masses” in Argentina, this will be a collection of great interest. [MLN] 1024 Prado Acosta, Laura. Los intelectuales del Partido Comunista: itinerario de Héctor Agosti (1930–1963). Raleigh, N.C.: Editorial A Contracorriente, 2015. 137 p.: bibl., ill. (Serie de literatura y cultura) An intellectual biography of Communist Party secretary of culture Héctor Agosti, Prado Acosta interrogates the moments of tension in his life, particularly when his party affiliation and his intellectual project did not line up. Though a short book, it is well-researched and will be useful to the many people currently expanding the historiography around leftist groups in Argentina throughout the 20th century. [MLN] 1025 Queirolo, Graciela Amalia. Mujeres en las oficinas: trabajo, género y clase en el sector administrativo (Buenos Aires, 1910–1950). Buenos Aires: Editorial Biblos, 2018. 270 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Ciudadanía e inclusión) An important contribution to the ever-growing historiography on women and gender roles in Argentina. Queirolo focuses on white-collar women’s work—typists, sec-

retaries, stenographers—in a modernizing and expanding urban economy. Exploring not just the work itself, but also the discussions around women’s expanding roles in the office as well as the important role of the Academias Pitman in training women for these jobs, the work is a much-needed monograph on a specific sector of gendered work. Those who work on the early 20th century, women and gender, or the changing nature of work in a modernizing society will fi nd the book a worthwhile read. [MLN]

1026 Quinterno, Hugo. Fuego amigo: el ejército y el poder presidencial en Argentina (1880–1912). Argentina: Universidad Abierta Interamericana; Buenos Aires, Argentina: Teseo, 2014. 549 p.: bibl. (Colección UAI—Investigación) Quinterno’s long and well-researched book examines a period of great change in Argentina and the ways that modernization, increased centralization, rising presidential power, and the national army connected and informed each other. The author argues that the army became an essential tool in the consolidation of presidential power as the country moved away from the provincial military forces and looked toward becoming a modern nation. For those working on military history and the political and structural changes of the late 19th and early 20th century, the book will be of interest. [MLN] 1027 Ramírez Braschi, Dardo. La provincia de Corrientes y el Pacto Federal de 1831: disputas sobre federalismo y organización política en la etapa preconstituyente argentina. Corrientes, Argentina: Moglia Ediciones, 2017. 278 p.: bibl. For the better part of two decades, Dardo Ramírez Braschi has painstakingly reconstructed the history of 19th-century Corrientes, covering such topics as the Paraguayan War, provincial journalism, the history of the provincial legislative branch, and the rise of liberalism. He may now have become the single most prolific historian that Corrientes has produced since Manuel Florencio Mantilla, and as he is a relatively young man, we can expect much of him in coming years. In throwing this concentrated light on his home province, Ramírez Braschi has consistently shown what an unusual place it is, and how its trajectory cannot be

History: 19th and 20th Centuries: Argentina / 257 seen as a simple variation on a Bonaerense theme. This observation, which is both profound and rarely asserted (except by northeasterners), is at the center of the present study, which examines the Federal Pact of 1831, and more generally, how provincial interests fit into the quest for national consolidation. This story is usually offered only in abbreviated form, with the Correntino governor Pedro Ferré cast in a sort of arm-wrestling contest with Juan Manuel de Rosas. Ramírez Braschi shows that there are far more players, far more arguments, and far more interests at work in the elaboration of the anti-Unitarian Pact than is usually recognized. Hence, there were more ways to build an Argentine nation than the usual binary interpretation suggests. In making this important assertion, the study offers nearly 100 pages of relevant documents from the archives, many of them never previously used. [TW]

1028 Remedi, Fernando Javier. Modernidad alimentaria y afrancesamiento: Ciudad de Córdoba (Argentina) en el tránsito del siglo XIX al XX. (Hist. Crít./Bogotá, 65, julio/sept. 2017, p. 71–92, bibl.) Focusing on Córdoba, Remedi looked at the processes of modernization and changes in gastronomic culture to see whether they mirrored previous works throughout Latin American urban centers. His conclusion was that Córdoba followed a similar pattern—as modernization progressed, elites turned more and more to French ideas and tastes in food and the culture around eating, leaving their Spanish-Criollo culture behind. The article adds to our growing knowledge of consumption patterns, and is especially good because it focuses on an area outside Buenos Aires. [MLN] 1029 Ribadero, Martín. Tiempo de profetas: ideas, debates y labor cultural de la izquierda nacional de Jorge Abelardo Ramos (1945–1962). Buenos Aires: Universidad Nacional de Quilmes Editorial, 2017. 326 p.: bibl. (Colección Intersecciones) By researching leftist intellectual Jorge Abelardo Ramos, Ribadero explores not only Ramos and the groups he headed, but also their stances on the events of the fi rst Peronist and post-Peronist years, in-

cluding the Cuban Revolution. Organized in chapters that can be read as separate articles, Ribadero’s work is an important contribution to the study of leftist groups that were not aligned with the Peronists in the 1940s and 1950s, an area of scholarship that has received less attention among scholars of the Argentine left. The book will be useful to those working on leftist groups, intellectual history, and the Peronist and post-Peronist years. [MLN]

1030 Rocchi, Fernando. La sociedad de consumo en tiempos difíciles: el modelo estadounidense y la modernización de la publicidad argentina frente a la crisis de 1930. (Hist. Crít./Bogotá, 65, julio/sept. 2017, p. 93–114, bibl.) Rocchi explores the modernization of advertising around the 1930 Depression by focusing on three factors: the arrival of the J. Walter Thompson agency in Buenos Aires, the expansion of radio advertising, and the increasing use of graphics in advertising that was well-established by the mid-1930s. These currents within the history of advertising in Argentina show the impacts of both outside influences (like the American Thompson agency) and local conditions that made the country the center for advertising in Latin America during the period. For anyone interested in the histories of advertising, consumption, and popular culture, this article offers a strong analysis. [MLN] 1031 Ronco, Bartolomé José. Bartolomé Ronco, fervor de Azul: ideas, sueños y concreciones a través de sus propias palabras. Selección, comentarios e ilustraciones de Luis Lafosse. Azul, Argentina: Editorial Azul, 2016. 253 p.: bibl., ill., index. A book focusing on polymath Bartolomé Ronco (lawyer, book lover and collector, carpenter, author, president of the Biblioteca Popular) and his presence in Azul, in the province of Buenos Aires. Not meant to be a biography or even an exhaustive collection of his work: as the editor writes, “The principal object of this book is to reproduce and disseminate the ideas, thoughts, and works of Bartolomé Ronco through his own writings and speeches” (p. 8). Of interest to those focusing on provincial leaders and intel-

258 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 lectuals, particularly in the early 20th century, though the book is meant primarily for a popular audience. [MLN]

1032 Ruffini, Martha. La Patagonia mirada desde arriba: el Grupo BraunMenéndez Behety y la revista Argentina Austral (1929—1967). Rosario, Argentina: Prohistoria Ediciones, 2017. 196 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Historia argentina; 30) Ruffini focuses on the Patagonian magazine Argentina Austral and its ownership by the Sociedad Anónima Importadora y Exportadora de la Patagonia (owned by the Braun-Menéndez Behety families), the most powerful economic interest around. The illustrated magazine, which functioned as a voice of the elite class in the region, was a window into their ideas about national events and processes. It is also a way to illustrate the history of Patagonia and its diversity because the periodical was specifically for the region and lasted for decades. For anyone working on Patagonia, elites, or the history of the press in Argentina, the book will be of interest. [MLN] 1033 Ruiz Moreno, Isidoro J. Vida de Urquiza: documentada. Buenos Aires: Claridad, 2017. 557 p.: bibl., ill. The Ruiz Moreno family has been associated with Justo José de Urquiza, or his ghost, for a great many years, in fact, since Martín Ruiz Moreno served the great man in the Confederal government of the 1850s. Since that time, several members of the family have devoted themselves to scholarship, and specifically to the law and to Argentine constitutional history. Urquiza, they recognized, played an important role in conveying the country from the authoritarianism of Rosas to the legal norms of the Republic, which, with all its flaws, assured Argentina’s entrance into the modern age. This new biography, written by the current Ruiz Moreno, places Urquiza in an understandably positive light, and though it offers no new conclusions and follows from no new research, it is still well-written. Readers should be careful to notice, however, that its emphases are entirely conventional and that scouring the text for an occasional gem or smidgen of family lore may not yield many rewards. As biography it is passable, but it is unlikely to displace Beatríz Bosch’s

classic Historia de Urquiza, see HLAS 34:2671. [TW]

1034 Salvatierra, Silvio Carlos Alberto. Mujeres afrodescendientes en Córdoba: esclavitud, libertad y servidumbre: siglo XIX. Córdoba, Argentina: Asociación Cooperadora de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas de la U.N.C., 2016. 191 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Rojo y Negro) This is a spotty, but nonetheless useful, study of Afro-Argentine women, especially domestic servants and slaves in early 19th-century Córdoba. Based largely on censal records in the provincial archive, it offers limited analyses, and regrettably, only limited utility. [TW] 1035 Santos Lepera, Lucia. Disputando a moral pública: a Ação Católica durante o primeiro governo Perón (Tucumán-Argentina, 1946–1955). (Estud. Hist./Rio de Janeiro, 28:55, jan./junho 2015, p. 109–127, bibl.) Santos Lepera takes on the Acción Católica and its stances against Perón’s fi rst government, demonstrating the ways that it influenced the Morality Commission, while taking an antagonistic position overall toward the Peronist state. For the group, the Peronist government represented a problematic shift in addressing morality, and the article does a good job of illuminating the strategies lay Catholics took to promote their vision of morality, even if at odds with the government. [MLN] 1036 Silveira, Alina. Gran Bretaña en la reina del Plata: ingleses y escoceses en Buenos Aires: 1800–1880. Buenos Aires: Editorial Biblos, 2017. 263 p.: bibl., ill. (La Argentina plural) An interesting, but not very conclusive, examination of the English and Scottish communities in Buenos Aires during the 19th century. The fi rst Britons came to the Plata as individual merchants, whose achievements as neutral traders were replicated in good times and bad until they became the essential element in Argentina’s export commerce. Their success permitted them to bring their families across from the old country, and soon they became a highly visible and favored force in Porteño society. Much of Argentina’s foreign policy was built around their needs and influences. This has provided ample evidence for conspiracy

History: 19th and 20th Centuries: Argentina / 259 theorists of both the right and the left, and thankfully Silveira refuses to go down that well-worn road; she does, however, lean toward the genealogical, which is both a strength and a weakness in understanding the British community in Buenos Aires. Yes, they formed their own social clubs and business associations. Yes, they made friends (and some enemies) with key political figures. Yes, they founded some important schools and two or three newspapers of note. But so what? These things were known decades back when David Rock, Vera Blinn Reber, and H.S. Ferns fi rst addressed them. Silveira adds a few details here and there, but in general, there are no great questions answered here. [TW]

1037 Sutton, Barbara. Surviving state terror: women’s testimonies of repression and resistance in Argentina. New York: New York University Press, 2018. 325 p.: bibl., index. Focusing on the oral testimonies of 52 women who were detained during the last military dictatorship, Sutton explores the gendered nature of their experiences. Interrogating the narratives of the women, with particular emphasis on the nature of memory, authoritarian responses to gender, and human rights, the book is a theoretically sophisticated and thought-provoking work that will be of great interest to those working on gender, the dictatorship, or anyone whose research touches on the gendered implications of state terror. [MLN] 1038 Tato, María Inés. La Gran Guerra en la historiografía argentina: balance y perspectivas de investigación. (Iberoamericana/Madrid, 14:53, marzo 2014, p. 91–101, bibl.) Tato’s short article points out the dearth of historiography on the First World War in Argentina, despite the fact that the war had a strong impact in Argentina, not just on the economy and diplomatic actions (topics of most previous studies), but throughout the society. The essay will be relevant to those working on the WWI period in Argentina and throughout Latin America. [MLN] 1039 Tejero Coni, Graciela and Andrea Oliva. Gabriela de Laperrière de Coni: de Burdeos a Buenos Aires. Ituzaingó, Ar-

gentina: Editorial Cienflores, 2016. 240 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Biblioteca 8 de marzo) A biography of early feminist, activist, and socialist Gabriela de Laperrière de Coni, with an emphasis on her activism around women’s issues and public health and the larger context of women’s organizing. Much of the biographical section is written with long block quotes from her own writings and those close to her. The book also contains her short stories as well as other written works (speeches, articles, etc.) in the appendices. Presented as a biography of an activist, rather than as a scholarly work, the book is intended primarily for a popular audience. [MLN]

1040 Tossounian, Cecilia. La joven moderna in interwar Argentina: gender, nation, and popular culture. Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 2020. 172 p.: bibl., index. Tossounian explores the figure of the “joven moderna” in the 1920s and 1930s, a period of transition in conceptions of gender, as more women took on public roles in a variety of forms and roles—as stylish dilettantes, workers, beauty queens, and sportswomen. These new young female archetypes, reflected in the popular culture, were also tied to class and reflected new lifestyle and consumption choices of the 1920s and 1930s. An important contribution to the growing historiography on the interwar years and its society and culture as well as gender history, the work will also be of great interest to anyone working on questions of class and popular culture in the early 20th century. [MLN] 1041 El trabajo: actores, protestas y derechos. Contribuciones de Florencia Gutiérrez. Argentina: Ediciones Imago Mundi: Ente Provincial Bicentenario Tucumán 2016, Gobierno de Tucumán: Consejo Federal de Inversiones, 2017. 254 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Historias temáticas de Tucumán) A rather insipid compilation of six short studies of the rural proletariat in Tucumán, its various labor organizations, and the long-term struggle for worker’s rights in the province. Given how exciting this theme is, it is odd that the editors have set such a dull standard for composition. Perhaps the only exceptions are the

260 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 two pieces by Florencia Gutiérrez on early unionization and the role of the state. [TW]

1042 Vertanessian, Carlos G. Juan Manuel de Rosas: el retrato imposible: imagen y poder en el Río de la Plata. Buenos Aires: Ediciones Reflejos del Plata, 2017. 354 p.: bibl., ill. (chiefly color), index. One rarely encounters a book on Juan Manuel de Rosas that merits the word “gorgeous,” but that is certainly the case here. Its author, one of Argentina’s greatest collectors of early daguerreotype photos, has done his best to present the public with a gamut of images, including early photographs, portraits in oil, cartes de visite, newspaper parodies, and pencil drawings. Some were composed or penned by artists who sought to fi nd the power in Rosas’ personality. Others, who sought to defame him, portrayed Rosas as a monster lined with a garland of skulls. Vertanessian sees the man—the Governor, the exile, the father—as all of these things and more. This book offers the wonderful observation that, far more than words, images—even images that are meant as propaganda—carry within them some real sense of the complexity and contradiction of the human experience. Those readers who want to see historical context and technical detail will fi nd them here. But always they will be drawn back to Rosas, whose blue-gray eyes stare at us from the past, challenge us, threaten us with murder, and refuse to let us go. This really is a marvelous book. Highly recommended. [TW] 1043 Vilar, Juan Antonio. Hacia la derrota federal: la Confederación Argentina, 1852–1862. Paraná, Argentina: Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, 2017. 161 p.: bibl. (Colección Académica) Given that the small city of Paraná was capital of the Argentine confederation, it is probably unsurprising that Entrerrianos should pay exaggerated attention to the 1852–62 period. Usually this takes the form of biographical accounts of Justo José de Urquiza (as for example, with the classic work of Beatríz Bosch, see HLAS 34:2671). Every once in a while, however, the Entrerriano “impulse” leads to a broader analysis of Platine politics. Vilar’s study is such a

case. For him, all talk of “unitarians” versus “federalists” is rather beside the point. Instead, it was always the provinces versus Buenos Aires and its landed oligarchs. Every other political perambulation was an outgrowth of this straightforward reality. In returning the historical optic to what he considers its proper place, Vilar fails to add much that is new (there is no new archival research, for instance), but he reminds us that sometimes the oldest arguments are still worth considering. [TW]

1044 Visitas culturales en la Argentina (1898–1936). Coordinación de Paula Bruno. Buenos Aires: Editorial Biblos, 2014. 307 p.: bibl. (Investigaciones y ensayos) Through the 12 chapters in the book, an array of scholars explore the visits of Pietro Gori, Rafael Altamira, Georges Clemenceau, Jean Jaurès, León Duguit, José Ortega y Gassett, Eugenio d’Ors, Rabindranath Tagore, Albert Einstein, Filippo Marinetti, Le Corbusier, Waldo Frank, and Jacque Maritain. Primarily using the press of the day, the authors report on the coverage of the visit, interviews, and the reception. Anyone interested in these figures, or in the early 20th century, will fi nd the book helpful. [MLN] 1045 Vivir con lo justo: estudios de historia social del trabajo en perspectiva de género: Argentina, siglos XIX y XX. Coordinación de Andrea Andújar et al. Rosario, Argentina: Prohistoria Ediciones, 2016. 156 p.: bibl. (Colección Universidad; 52) A welcome contribution to the growing study of gender in Argentina, the authors tackle the concept of “fairness” within the working class, paying particular attention to social networks. From the yellow fever epidemic of 1871 to labor strikes, to the experiences of prostitutes and workers in the maritime, oil, railroad, and sugar industries, the authors examine gender expectations for both men and women. Finally, the authors examine the working class broadly, to see how men and women created community, organized, and related to each other. Scholars of gender, the working class, and late 19th- and early 20th-century Argentina will fi nd this work valuable. [MLN]

History: 19th and 20th Centuries: Paraguay / 261

1046 Yarfitz, Mir. Impure migration: Jews and sex work in golden age Argentina. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2019. 207 p.: bibl., ill., maps. (Jewish Cultures of the World) Focusing on the transnational nature of the Jewish prostitution networks in early 20th-century Argentina, Yarfitz adds more depth to the already-existing scholarship on Jewish immigrants and prostitution. The inter national focus helps illuminate the challenges in curtailing the trade, and Yarfitz ably demonstrates the multiple forces at work—economic, political, moral— that intersected in the battles over the “white slave trade.” Those working on immigration issues as well as gender and sexuality studies would be well-served by this well-researched and analyzed book. [MLN] PARAGUAY

1047 Cerri, Daniel. Campaña del Paraguay: toma de la ciudad de Corrientes, movimiento y combates después de Curupayty, expedición al Chaco en el sitio de Humaitá. Estudio preliminar, notas y comentarios de Thomas Whigham y Dardo Ramírez Braschi. Resistencia, Argentina: ConTexto, 2017. 146 p.: bibl., ill. This edition of the memoir by Daniel Cerri, an Argentine officer in the War of the Triple Alliance, benefits from the introduction by Thomas Whigham and Dardo Ramírez Braschi who provide detailed biographical information about Cerri. Detailed footnotes by Whigham and Ramírez offer background information on the battles and biographical information about men mentioned in the memoir. The edition offers a wealth of useful information about war and the men who fought in it. Cerri fought in the Chaco and his memoir provides instructive fi rst-hand descriptions of the battles in the Chaco for the Paraguayan fortress of Humaitá. Cerri wrote his memoir in order to preserve the memory of the fighting as he feared subsequent generations would forget. [BMC] 1048 Dalla Corte, Gabriela. De España a Francia: brigadistas paraguayos a través de la fotografía. Barcelona: Universitat de Barcelona Edicions, 2016. 201 p.: bibl., ill.

This text serves as a biography for the eight Paraguayans who served in the International Brigades during the Spanish Civil War. Using the photographic record, the book traces the military careers of these eight men from the Chaco War to concentration camps in France after the Republican defeat in the Spanish Civil War. The book is rich with photographic evidence and the writings of those who participated in the Spanish Civil War. The author fi lls in the gaps nicely, using secondary sources to tell about the lives of those who participated from Paraguay. This text is a unique perspective on the Spanish Civil War. [BMC]

1049 Huner, Michael Kenneth. Liberal youth, modern exuberance, and calamity: aspirations for modern nationhood in Paraguay, 1858–1870. (Contracorriente/Raleigh, 12:2, Winter 2015, p. 140–177, bibl.) This suggestive article offers two interlocking approaches to understanding what it meant to be “modern” in Paraguay in the mid-1800s. On the one hand, it uses documents drawn from the Archivo Nacional de Asunción to describe a state-funded program to send a group of students, all of them young men, for professional training in Europe. On the other hand, it examines how the members of this same group defi ned modernity both before and during their European sojourn. Given the traditional isolation of Paraguay, it certainly is interesting to know what these young men thought of the outside world—and the modernist role that world had assigned itself. As Huner shows, they were defi nitely exuberant. He hints at the irony in this enthusiasm, for in short order all these men, no longer so young, would be caught up in the turmoil of the Triple Alliance War. Only a few survived. [TW] 1050 Johansson, María Lucrecia. La gran máquina de publicidad: redes transnacionales e intercambios periodísticos durante la Guerra de la Triple Alianza (1864–1870). Sevilla, Spain: Universidad Internacional de Andalucía, 2017. 349 p.: bibl., ill. These are banner days for the history of journalistic efforts during Paraguay’s 1864–70 war with the Triple Alliance. Scholars like Victoria Baratta, Herib Caballero,

262 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Thomas Whigham, Wolf Lustig, and Marío Cesar Silveira have thrown a beacon on many of its aspects. But no one has quite brought to this subject the sophistication that María Lucretia Johansson has in her several books on the press in the Paraguayan confl ict. This latest work outdoes all the previous ones in tracing and analyzing the connections among the various newspapers (especially on the Allied side). She shows how they learned from—and frequently plagiarized—each other, and how they helped develop a broad public dialogue on the war (sometimes abetted by subventions from various political figures and governments). Johansson shows that the webs these newspapers established were surprisingly modern, and issued from a common belief that warfare necessarily involves propaganda as much as bullets. More than a little bit of this propaganda was satirical, and Johansson offers various examples, especially from Paraguay’s Cabichuí and Brazil’s Cabrião. Her argument that the press not only reports on violent clashes, but actively encourages them, is certainly edifying—and not just for the 1860s. For comment on a related work by the same author, see HLAS 72:1546. [TW]

1051 Jornadas Paraguayas de Pensamiento Crítico, 1st, Asunción, Paraguay, 2016. La república francista del Paraguay: escritos en homenaje a Richard Alan White. Compilación de Jorge Coronel Prosman. Contribuciones de Ramón Fogel et al. Asunción: Editorial Arandurã, 2017. 149 p.: bibl. The scholarly reputation of the late Richard Alan White rests on one book, The First Popular Revolution in America, which flashed across the Paraguayan scene in the late 1970s like a meteor (and then promptly burned out). People remember White as a committed activist of the left, who tried to get justice for the artist Joel Filártiga when the latter’s son was murdered by the Stroessner police. White’s devotion to the cause was and is justly recognized, even lauded. But he left few heirs among Paraguayan scholars, who found many of his ideas about the 1814–40 Rodríguez de Francia regime uninformed and unconvincing. To his credit, White worked long hours in the Archivo Nacional and generated some interesting economic statistics. His ideological blinkers prevented him from going much

further than that, however, and his notion of a “popular revolution” did not catch on. Thus, it should be a notable moment when a small group of admirers gathered in Asunción (in September 2016) to discuss their own work supposedly inspired by White. The five papers presented at this event are here reproduced, and the results are predictably weak. White’s name is invoked almost as a religious obligation, but the five not-soeasy pieces only parenthetically reference his work and offer nothing that is really new in themselves. Ramón Fogel’s look at a land reform that never called itself by that name asks some suggestive questions, but offers few answers. Mário Maestri, the dean of Brazilian Trotskyists, tries to fi nd some way to make the Francian “revolution” significant on a continental basis, but he gets no further than a set of hackneyed assertions. The other three papers do not merit consideration. All in all, White did this sort of thing better and with greater passion. But even he could not turn the Paraguay of the early 1800s into a laboratory for some heterodox manifestation of bolshevism. It just was not there. [TW]

1052 Martínez Domínguez, Manuel Augusto. Hacia una historia del Ateneo Paraguayo. Asunción: Intercontinental Editora, 2014. 226 p.: bibl. This book is a history of Paraguay’s most important intellectual clubs. It is not only about the Ateno Paraguayo, as noted in the title, but also about other important intellectual clubs in Paraguay. The book itself however is not much more than a list of members who participated in the various clubs and orchestras in Paraguay. As a result this text is not all that useful. It barely touches on how the various clubs and organizations shaped intellectual life in Paraguay, which is disappointing. [BMC] 1053 Monte de López Moreira, María G. Mujeres cautivas por indígenas durante la guerra contra la Triple Alianza. (Supl. Antropol., 51:2, dic. 2016, p. 361–400, bibl.) Stories of men and women held captive by Indigenous peoples in North America are so common as to constitute an important subfield within US historiography. Such, however, cannot be said for Paraguay, where the documentary base is just too thin

History: 19th and 20th Centuries: Uruguay / 263 to establish many conclusions (at least so far). Monte de López Moreira’s interesting article can only claim to be a thought-piece, therefore, and is somewhat tentative in character. To be sure, this is a door that needs to be opened, as much for war-andsociety studies as for studies of Indigenouswhite relations. [TW]

1054 Papacek, Thilo F. and Carlos A. Peris C. Ciencia e investigación en el Paraguay (1921–1936). (Supl. Antropol., 51:1, junio 2016, p. 165–187, bibl.) Describing the work of three German naturalists—Dr. Carl Fiebrig, Dr. Hans Krieg, and Dr. Max Schmidt—who studied Paraguay in the early part of the 20th century, this article centers on the role that these men played during the years leading up to the Chaco War. Focusing on how these men made the Chaco “Paraguayan,” this study looks in particular at the role of the botanical garden in centering these men’s research. This is a fi ne summary of the role that German’s played in Paraguay before, during, and after the Chaco War. [BMC] 1055 Pérez Cáceres, Carlos. Dictadura y memoria. Asunción: Ediciones Grupo Memoria, 2017. 286 p.: bibl., photos. This text recounts the lives of various individuals who fought the Stroessner regime. The book uses photos and brief chapters that are often in bullet point format to quickly teach the reader about the individuals who made up the resistance. Individual chapters treat student movements and women among other topics. Includes transcripts of formal interviews with survivors. The text moves quickly as some chapters are just basic information about their subjects. It is a good summary of those who fought the regime from the 1950s through to the 1980s. [BMC] 1056 Tyvela, Kirk. The dictator dilemma: the United States and Paraguay in the Cold War. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2019. 261 p.: bibl., index. A diplomatic study of why and how the US chose to support the dictatorship of Alfredo Stroessner in Paraguay. The text notes that through grants and loans given to Paraguay, the regime was able to hold on to power. Unfortunately, the text does not examine whether these grants and loans improved the everyday life of Paraguayans.

The book uses both archival sources and oral histories to reconstruct the diplomatic past between the US and Paraguay. [BMC]

1057 Whigham, Thomas. The Paraguayan War: causes and early conduct. 2nd edition. Calgary, Canada: University of Calgary Press, 2018. 520 p.: bibl., index. (Studies in war, society, and the military) This second edition benefits from a new introduction by the author that highlights the historiography of the Paraguayan War since the original publication in 2002. This volume narrates the causes of the war—border disputes, political instability, personal egos—and considers the war when the Paraguayans were mostly on the offensive from the Mato Grosso campaign to the siege of Uruguaiana. The text benefits from detailed archival research in all four participating nations. Whigham’s book is the go-to text for the Paraguayan War—also known as the War of the Triple Alliance—in English. For comment on the fi rst edition, see HLAS 60:3090. [BMC] 1058 Whigham, Thomas. The road to Armageddon: Paraguay versus the Triple Alliance, 1866–70. Calgary, Canada: University of Calgary Press, 2017. 631 p.: bibl., ill., index, maps. (Latin American and Caribbean series, 14) The second of two volumes on the War of the Triple Alliance by Whigham, this volume outlines Paraguayan entrenchment at the fortress of Humaitá to the end of the War at Cerro Corá. The book highlights the military and political leadership for all four countries, examining the motives for and the consequences of the many decisions made during the war. The text also highlights camp life, the role of women, disease, and how the armies of Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, and Paraguay were fed. The text is rich with details on the battles of the war. This text is a comprehensive study of the war, which has no equal in the English language. [BMC] URUGUAY

1059 Alpini, Alfredo. Montevideo: ciudad, policía y orden urbano (1829–1865). Montevideo: Alfredo Alpini, 2017. 301 p.: bibl. It would be accurate, if not very original, to observe that, more than any other nation in South America, Uruguay is

264 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 dominated by its capital city. Montevideo set Uruguay’s literary, political, and social trends in an unmistakable way, and it has always been that way. Given the city’s perennial and unquestionable importance, it is surprising that more historical works of a strictly urban character have not been produced. Well, if this very solid work on how the Montevideo police maintained a semblance of harmony in the city is any measure, the wait was worth it. Alpini covers the fi rst 36 years after Uruguay gained its independence. The metropolitan police of that period, as he explains, had quite a task of it. In addition to the political traumas of those days—the ongoing fight between Blancos and Colorados—the police had to keep the peace generally, guard government buildings, maintain public hygiene (and the operation of the slaughterhouse), license beggars, shopkeepers, and brothel-owners, and do more than other public servants to keep on top of things in a changing urban environment. All of these duties necessarily generated paperwork, and to Alpini’s credit, he seems to have looked at all of it. His study reflects not only this breadth, but also boasts a great deal of analytic sophistication that might be usefully applied to other capital cities—and their police forces— elsewhere on the continent. [TW]

1060 Así se forjó la historia: acción sindical e identidad de los trabajadores metalúrgicos en Uruguay. Coordinación de Susana Dominzaín. Textos de Pablo Ferreira, Álvaro Sosa y Lorena García. Montevideo: Editorial Primero de Mayo: Unión de Trabajadores del Metal y de Ramas Afi nes, 2016. 438 p.: bibl., ill. Although the title of this book indicates that is about metal workers in Uruguay, this book is much more. It is a study of the formation of unions broadly along with a focused study of the metal union. The text outlines how the metal union came about and the repression it suffered under dictatorship. The text is rich in oral history because many of the documents that could have supported this text were lost in fi re. As a result, the text is dependent on oral histories and newspaper coverage. A good read. [BMC] 1061 Bello Chávez, Guillermo. Redistribución y cultura participante: el caso de los trabajadores de cuello blanco en

Montevideo (1943–1952). Ciudad de México: UNAM, 2017. 255 p.: bibl. Although the title states that the study will encompass the years 1943–52, the book actually covers the late 19th century to the 1980s when Uruguay was under military rule. The text outlines in granular detail various unions who represented both the working class and the new white collar workers. The text is heavy in political science theory that makes for some dry reading and lengthy charts, but overall the text narrates how unions in Uruguay worked together to improve salaries, improve working conditions, and develop some recreational activities for workers. This book is well-documented using archival and oral sources. [BMC]

1062 Beretta Curi, Alcides. Inmigración europea e industria: Uruguay en la región (1870–1915). Montevideo: Universidad de la República Uruguay, CSIC, 2014. 156 p.: bibl., ill. (Biblioteca plural) This text uses quantitative and qualitative data to narrate the economic history of immigrants in Uruguay. The text is heavily dependent on secondary sources except the fi nal chapter that outlines the history of the tobacco company, La Republicana, founded by a French immigrant to Uruguay in the late 19th century. For this chapter, the author was given access to primary material from the company. The book is most solidly a study of how immigrants to Uruguay developed capital—personal savings and hard work according to the author—to fund and found small- and medium-sized businesses. [BMC] 1063 Caetano, Gerardo and Salvador Neves. Seregni, un artiguista del siglo XX. Segunda edición. Montevideo: Banda Oriental, 2016. 439 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Presente/Futuro) While on the surface, the text is a biography of Lebre Seregni, this work is much more than that. This dense volume outlines the life of Seregni, while at the same time describing the struggle and successes of Frente Amplio, the political party that he led for 25 years. Highlighting his 10 years as a political prisoner and his subsequent return to politics, the text demonstrates how Seregni influenced politics and

History: 19th and 20th Centuries: Uruguay / 265 elections in Uruguay. Also discusses his earlier military career and his work in the Uruguayan countryside that influenced his later political thinking. The book requires a great deal of knowledge about how politics and political parties operate in Uruguay in order to grasp the details of the text. Not an easy read, nor particularly fast moving. But the book is well researched, making use of oral histories and many of Uruguay’s newspapers. [BMC]

1064 Espiga, Silvana. La infancia normalizada: libros, maestros e higienistas en la escuela pública uruguaya, 1885–1918. Montevideo: Antítesis Editorial, 2015. 213 p.: bibl., ill. (Hermenéuticas; 4) This book is a top-heavy study of education in Uruguay during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Its heavy use of block quotes is distracting to the reader. The author does, however, offer a broad understanding of the way that technocrats imagined how education should be offered in both public and private schools. The book includes information on the education of women and sex education, among many other topics. Unfortunately, the text does not make clear how these ideas were actually carried out in the classroom. [BMC] 1065 Etchechury Barrera, Mario. “Defensores de la humanidad y la civilización”: las legiones extranjeras de Montevideo, entre el mito cosmopolita y la eclosión de las “nacionalidades” (1838–1851). (Historia/ Santiago, 50:2, julio/dic. 2017, p. 491–524, bibl.) This short but interesting piece analyzes the recruitment practices that sustained the “foreign legions” in the city of Montevideo during the Guerra Grande. When it sticks to recruitment, the article is better than serviceable, but when the author attempts to fi nd a theory with which to frame the broader questions of Uruguayan factionalism in the mid-19th century, he fails to fi nd much traction. [TW] 1066 Facal Santiago, Silvia. Inmigración judía de habla húngara en el Uruguay (1920–1957). (Estud. Migr. Latinoam., 27/28:75/76, julio 2013/junio 2014, p. 95–133, tables.) This article uses both numerical data and oral histories to describe the arrival of Jews who spoke Hungarian to Uruguay. The

author used ship records to document the professions, marital status, and other characteristics of arriving migrants. She then uses oral histories to fi ll in the gaps. For example, she explores the social life of the Jewish community. Moreover, she narrates how this group used social networks to establish a home in Uruguay. [BMC]

1067 Lucas, Kintto. Enrique Lucas y una pregunta para Pessoa. Quito: Tintají, 2015. 113 p. This book is composed of various short chapters that outline the life of the author’s older brother, Enrique. Each chapter is an homage to the short life of Enrique as he fought against dictatorship in Uruguay. Chapters include the details of Enrique’s stay in prison at the famous Punta Carretas, his struggles while exiled in Buenos Aires, and, fi nally, his death in Bolivia. The text also contains letters written by Enrique published in full. This is a unique text with quite a bit of insight into the life of a tupamaro during the Uruguayan dictatorship. [BMC] 1068 Pollero Beheregaray, Raquel. Historia demográfica de Montevideo y su campaña (1757–1860). Montevideo: Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de la República, 2013. 584 p.: bibl., ill. This is a superior work of demographic history that traces population shifts in Montevideo and its hinterland from the middle of the 18th century to the middle of the 19th. The author has used scores of different censuses (with all their flaws deftly handled) from as many archives. Birth and baptismal records and some military documentation fi ll out the source material for this very professional study. While mainly for the specialist in demography, more casual readers will fi nd its facts and figures very helpful in understanding the broader history of the Banda Oriental. [TW] 1069 Trochon Ghislieri, Ivette. Punta del Este: el edén oriental (1907–1997). Montevideo: Fin de Siglo Editorial; Maldonado, Uruguay: Intendencia de Maldonado, 2017. 502 p.: bibl., ill. This is a comprehensive study of Punta del Este, Uruguay. It outlines the growth of the city from a sleepy ocean-side resort to a cosmopolitan city that attracted

266 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 the jet-set from around the world. The work makes frequent comparisons between the growth of Punta del Este and that of Mar del Plata in Argentina, juxtaposing both the type of tourist attracted to each locale and the growth of both cities. The text narrates the arrival of transportation to Punta del Este, including airline fl ights by the mid20th century. The source material for this text is mostly newspaper and magazine accounts. It could have benefited from some oral histories by those who vacationed there. However the text is rich with detail about hotels, casinos, dancehalls, and gastronomy of Punta del Este. [BMC]

1070 Yanes Torrado, Sergio; Carlos Marín Suárez; and María Cantabrana Carassou. Papeles de plomo: los voluntarios uruguayos en la Guerra Civil española. Montevideo: MEC, Ministerio de Educación y Cultura, Dirección Nacional de Cultura; Montevideo: Banda Oriental, 2017. 188 p.: bibl., ill., index. This text outlines the lives of many of the 80 Uruguayans who traveled to Spain to fight in the Civil War. Starting with the political background of those who went, the introduction of the text is an exploration of various political organizations in Uruguay, including Communist and anarchist organizations. The second part of the text tracks the lives of various individuals who traveled from Uruguay to Spain to fight. The third part of the text briefly outlines the various organizations that helped refugees from Spain in Uruguay. It also outlines what happened after the war to those who fought, including those who were sent to concentration camps. This text is well researched with material from family archives. [BMC]

1071 Zubillaga, Carlos. Una historia silenciada: presencia y accion del falangismo en Uruguay (1936–1955). Montevideo: Ediciones Cruz del Sur, 2015. 285 p.: bibl., ill. The focus of this text is the period of the Spanish Civil War from 1936–39. The book highlights the political right in Uruguay and those who supported the Franco regime in Spain. The emphasis on the right is unusual within the historiography of the Spanish Civil War. The text narrates how the political right in Uruguay came together through various organizations that supported the Franco government. Special attention is given to youth and female organizations. The text also highlights the various right-leaning magazines (in particular, Hispanidad) and newspapers. The text also highlights right-leaning radio broadcasts. Little time is spent on the post-1939 period, but the text does outline how pressure from Great Britain and the US led to the blacklisting of various businesses in Uruguay during WWII. [BMC] 1072 Zubillaga, Carlos. Niños de la guerra: solidaridad uruguaya con la República Española, 1936–1939. Montevideo: Linardi y Risso, 2013. 156 p.: bibl., ill. This text centers on the life of Dr. Paulina Luisi who led a foundation to help improve the lives of children caught up in the Spanish Civil War. It is a small volume that focuses on the activities that Luisi undertook to help gather funds and goods to support a school in Spain. The text moves quickly. The end contains full transcripts of speeches by Luisi. Images include those by the children at the school to their Uruguayan benefactors. This is a wellresearched and written text. [BMC]

BRAZIL MARK GROVER , Former Area Studies Bibliographer, Brigham Young University MARY ANN MAHONY, Professor of History, Central Connecticut State University COLONIAL PERIOD

THE CHANGING NATURE of the study and teaching of history in the 21st century is affecting the current historiography of colonial Brazil. The blurring of

266 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 the jet-set from around the world. The work makes frequent comparisons between the growth of Punta del Este and that of Mar del Plata in Argentina, juxtaposing both the type of tourist attracted to each locale and the growth of both cities. The text narrates the arrival of transportation to Punta del Este, including airline fl ights by the mid20th century. The source material for this text is mostly newspaper and magazine accounts. It could have benefited from some oral histories by those who vacationed there. However the text is rich with detail about hotels, casinos, dancehalls, and gastronomy of Punta del Este. [BMC]

1070 Yanes Torrado, Sergio; Carlos Marín Suárez; and María Cantabrana Carassou. Papeles de plomo: los voluntarios uruguayos en la Guerra Civil española. Montevideo: MEC, Ministerio de Educación y Cultura, Dirección Nacional de Cultura; Montevideo: Banda Oriental, 2017. 188 p.: bibl., ill., index. This text outlines the lives of many of the 80 Uruguayans who traveled to Spain to fight in the Civil War. Starting with the political background of those who went, the introduction of the text is an exploration of various political organizations in Uruguay, including Communist and anarchist organizations. The second part of the text tracks the lives of various individuals who traveled from Uruguay to Spain to fight. The third part of the text briefly outlines the various organizations that helped refugees from Spain in Uruguay. It also outlines what happened after the war to those who fought, including those who were sent to concentration camps. This text is well researched with material from family archives. [BMC]

1071 Zubillaga, Carlos. Una historia silenciada: presencia y accion del falangismo en Uruguay (1936–1955). Montevideo: Ediciones Cruz del Sur, 2015. 285 p.: bibl., ill. The focus of this text is the period of the Spanish Civil War from 1936–39. The book highlights the political right in Uruguay and those who supported the Franco regime in Spain. The emphasis on the right is unusual within the historiography of the Spanish Civil War. The text narrates how the political right in Uruguay came together through various organizations that supported the Franco government. Special attention is given to youth and female organizations. The text also highlights the various right-leaning magazines (in particular, Hispanidad) and newspapers. The text also highlights right-leaning radio broadcasts. Little time is spent on the post-1939 period, but the text does outline how pressure from Great Britain and the US led to the blacklisting of various businesses in Uruguay during WWII. [BMC] 1072 Zubillaga, Carlos. Niños de la guerra: solidaridad uruguaya con la República Española, 1936–1939. Montevideo: Linardi y Risso, 2013. 156 p.: bibl., ill. This text centers on the life of Dr. Paulina Luisi who led a foundation to help improve the lives of children caught up in the Spanish Civil War. It is a small volume that focuses on the activities that Luisi undertook to help gather funds and goods to support a school in Spain. The text moves quickly. The end contains full transcripts of speeches by Luisi. Images include those by the children at the school to their Uruguayan benefactors. This is a wellresearched and written text. [BMC]

BRAZIL MARK GROVER , Former Area Studies Bibliographer, Brigham Young University MARY ANN MAHONY, Professor of History, Central Connecticut State University COLONIAL PERIOD

THE CHANGING NATURE of the study and teaching of history in the 21st century is affecting the current historiography of colonial Brazil. The blurring of

History: Brazil / 267

traditional timelines suggests more expansive approaches to research. The move away from traditional political and economic approaches in favor of social issues, such as race and gender studies, has similar results. There have also been a decreasing number of publications about the eastern capitals and governmental centers of Bahia, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and Recife, replaced with increased research on the interior and margins of society. Minas Gerais has benefited most from this changed focus. While always attractive to historians, the numbers studying this region continue to increase in part due to improved graduate programs in the state. Twenty-five percent of all publications examined for HLAS 76 were about colonial Minas Gerais. The captaincy capital of Vila Rica is probably the most studied small city in colonial Brazil. The 18th-century mining economy of Minas Gerais, the unique aspect of slavery attached to mining, and the region’s political evolution are the topics of greatest interest to historians. A valuable study by José Newton Meneses Coelho (item 1122) examines trades in the cities of the captaincy, providing a look into the lives of everyday citizens. A second work by Thiago Enes (item 1100), examines the local governmental official, the Almotacé, in the city of Mariana. The responsibilities of the Almotacé included establishing taxes on food and inspection of weights and measures. This study demonstrates how a minor governmental position increased in importance thanks to economic growth and an expansion of mining. In a third study, Francisco Eduardo Pinto (item 1134), examines land ownership and property disputes related to water allocation in the Rio das Mortes district. All three studies detail the effect of the rapid expansion of mining on the society. Three studies of government provide interesting information on colonial Brazil. George F. Cabral de Souza (item 1160) provides an examination of the city council of Recife, adding significantly to our understanding of local power in Brazil. Ronald Raminelli (item 1140) provides a summary of the concept of nobility in Latin America, including attempts by the Indigenous and Afro-Brazilians to gain status in this closed system. The fi nal volume, Filipe Eduardo Moreau (item 1127), offers a unique approach to military history, through its discussion of the history of buildings constructed for the military in Salvador da Bahia. The volume reveals the impact of political decisions on technological aspects of society. The institution of slavery continues to attract researchers. A particularly valuable facet of the research has been describing the cultures of Africa and demonstrating the lasting presence of cultural traditions among enslaved societies in Brazil. These studies add to our understanding of the complexity and sophistication of the slave community. Produced under the editorship of Ana Lucia Araujo, African Heritage and Memories of Slavery in Brazil and the South Atlantic World (item 1074) is the most significant publication on this topic reviewed for HLAS 76. Two economic studies are noteworthy. Jorge Caldeira (item 1081) examines the culture of economic expansion and suggests that local domestic activities were a more important influence on the general economy than the single export system. A second valuable volume, this one by Maria Alice Rosa Ribeiro (item 1147), compares the economic activities of a Campinas, São Paulo plantation during two generations of the same family. This volume provides an historical comparison of differences in economic evolution on the same plantation. The Catholic Inquisition continues to draw attention from scholars. Two items are interesting because of their focus on the personalities involved, with details about those on opposite sides of the trials. In the fi rst, Aldair Carlos Rodri-

268 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76

gues, (item 1148) identifies and provides biographical information on agents of the Church involved in identifying persons for investigation by the Inquisition. In a second publication, Neusa Fernandes (item 1105) offers a detailed examination of 86 Inquisition trials of cristãos novos in the state of Minas Gerais. A third trend occurring for many years is the decreasing number of researchers outside of Brazil writing about the colonial period. This is particularly true in the US where research with a geographic focus is being replaced by area studies work blurring traditional timelines and boundaries between history, literature, culture, and social sciences. Only two items reviewed for this section on colonial history were written by non-Brazilian scholars. The study of colonial Brazil is also decreasing in importance in university curriculums outside Brazil. This trend will weaken an understanding of present-day Brazil because it fails to recognize the ongoing impact of economic, social, and political systems established before independence in 1822. Two additional volumes on colonial Brazil deserve mention. The fi rst by Luiz Carlos Villalta (item 1166) is an extensive study of books, libraries, and censorship. The second by Paulo Rezzutti (item 1145), is a biography of Dona Maria Leopoldina of Austria, the Habsburg wife of Dom Pedro I. She only lived nine years in the country before passing away in 1826, but had an influential role in the independence of Brazil. [MG] EMPIRE TO REPUBLIC

THE SCHOLARSHIP ON THE HISTORY of Brazil in this biennium follows recent trends, both positive and negative, but does not yet reflect the disruption of the COVID-19 pandemic. The quality of research on 19th- and early 20th-century Brazilian history continues to be extremely high. The quantity also continues to grow, especially by Brazilian scholars. The explanation for the latter trend is unclear, but there can be no doubt that in Brazil the federal investment in public education, especially by Workers’ Party administrations, combined with legislation mandating the teaching of African and Afro-Brazilian history in Brazilian public schools, is responsible for the growth in historical scholarship in that nation.1 Whether this positive trend will continue is doubtful. Historians in Brazil began the period of this biennium with devastating cuts to the budgets of the CNPq (the Brazilian Science Foundation) and to liberal arts and humanities programs at public colleges and universities and finished with the Bolsonaro government refusing to take COVID-19 seriously. The long-term outcome is unlikely to be positive. Trends in the subject matter of research noted in the last volume of the Handbook continue to characterize the work in this biennium: 1) scholarship continues to reflect a wide variety of Brazilian regions, not simply the Rio-São Paulo corridor; 2) studies continue to draw on underutilized or never-before-used documentary sources; 3) boundaries between the Empire and the Old Republic continue to be blurred; and 4) despite the new developments, most work focuses on the same themes that have been common in recent decades—slavery and freedom, politics, economics, immigration, journalism, medicine, foreign policy, and labor history. Happily, a few studies in gender history, environmental history, and the history of capitalism of very high quality also appear in the present biennium. 1. Selva Guimarães, “The Teaching of Afro-Brazilian and Indigenous Culture and History in Brazilian Basic Education in the 21st Century.” Policy Futures in Education, Vol. 13, No. 8, Nov. 2015, p. 939. https://doi.org/10.1177/1478210315579980.

History: Brazil / 269

As has been the case for many years, some of the strongest work on Brazilian history during this period examines questions of slavery and freedom (see ite ms 1171, 1172, 1173, 1181, 1188, and 1190. Two major scholars address traditional themes in Brazilian history—abolition and racism—from new, more comprehensive perspectives in works that will be profitably read for years to come. In The Sacred Cause: The Abolitionist Movement, Afro-Brazilian Mobilization, and Imperial Politics in Rio de Janeiro (2020), Jeffrey Needell brings together history from above and below to consider the interplay between Brazilian political institutions and Afro-Brazilian social movements (item 1194), while in A reprodução do racismo: fazendeiros, negros e immigrants no oeste paulista, 1880–1914 (2016), Karl Monsma picks up the debate on why Brazilians of African descent fared poorly in the coffee districts after emancipation (item 1192). To do so, he examines the quotidian experiences of freed slaves and European immigrants in the coffee districts in the postabolition period by engaging new sources to examine the social construction of racism. The result is important, if not necessarily pleasant, reading. Several collections of essays bring together senior and junior scholars from Brazil and the US to expand our understanding of the contours of the Brazilian state, its strengths and weaknesses, enslavement, and freedom in support of the teaching of Afro-Brazilian history throughout the nation. The group includes three of the 22 UNIAFRO volumes published by the Núcleo de Estudos AfroBrasileiros of the Universidade Federal do Recôncavo Bahiano: the volume on new perspectives on the Atlantic slave trade (item 1169) brings new estimates of the number of captive Africans disembarked in Brazil; another places the abolition and postemancipation eras in comparative perspective (item 1177); and a third focuses on quilombos and their remnants (item 1178). Two different collected volumes, one a group of essays in honor of Robert Slenes (item 1180) and another on enslavement on the frontiers between Portuguese and Spanish America (item 1207), bring together, fi rst, essays by some of the most important historians of Afro-Brazilian society and culture teaching in Brazil today, and second, a discussion of a topic that has received relatively little attention. All are worthy of review, particularly as they introduce new scholars or new scholarship. Economic history or social and economic history is represented by several excellent publications, including Carlos Edwardo Valencia Villa on the comparative history of the role of free blacks in Richmond and Rio de Janeiro (item 1208), Robert Wilcox’s Cattle in the Backlands on ranching in Mato Grosso (item 1209), and Matthias Röhrig Assunção’s study of the formation of the peasant sector in Maranhão (item 1168). All reflect serious scholarship based on primary sources. New work on gender history includes the heart-wrenching Maria Bonita: sexo, violência e mulheres no cangaço, published by journalist Adriana Negreiros in 2018 (item 1195). This readable account explores the horrific violence that women of the cangaceiros suffered at the hands of the men in the group and as well as their birth families. Marcelo Ribeiro Castro’s book (item 1173) on enslaved women and prostitutes shows how poor women in Rio de Janeiro resisted being categorized by the Brazilian elites, including physicians. Scholars have also expanded our understanding of several other important topics, including scholarship on the history of government administrative structures in Brazil (item 1182). Sports history is represented by a fascinating contribution by Gregg Brocketti, The Invention of the Beautiful Game (item 1170). Rather than rely on often-told tales of the introduction of soccer to Brazil, Brocketti

270 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76

utilizes previously unused sources and even documentation about female fans to reconstruct the expansion of soccer in Brazil. Two fascinating studies address environmental history. Fábio Teixeira da Silva explores efforts to research the use of tropical plants and trees for medical applications (item 1203), while Teresa Cribelli’s study of patents filed in Brazil in the 19th century both introduces fascinating new information and challenges the notion that 19th-century Brazilians were uninterested in innovation or modernization (item 1176). As mentioned in the introduction, given the recent cuts to education spending and to funding for research and scholarship, this outpouring of scholarship on Brazil is unlikely to continue at its current pace. The virulence of COVID-19 can only make the situation worse. Colleges and universities, where possible, transitioned to online education, but in Brazil few students could attend such institutions consistently. Libraries and research institutions closed; travel to and from Brazil was prohibited for a period; and death rates soared. The short-term costs to further developments in Brazilian history are likely to be high, but one should expect the investments of recent decades will continue to bear fruit, if only more slowly. [MAM] GENERAL

1073 Poderes e lugares de Minas Gerais: um quadro urbano no interior brasileiro, séculos XVIII-XX. Organização de Maria do Carmo Pires, Francisco Eduardo de Andrade e Alex Fernandes Bohrer. São Paulo: Scortecci Editora; Ouro Preto, Brazil: Editora UFOP, 2013. 250 p.: bibl., ill. Twelve essays on the urban experience in Minas Gerais from the fi rst settlement in 1711 through the 20th century. Most of the essays focus on two settlements, Vila Rica and Ouro Preto. [MG] COLONIAL

1074 African heritage and memories of slavery in Brazil and the South Atlantic world. Edited by Ana Lucia Araujo. Amherst, N.Y.: Cambria Press, 2015. 406 p.: bibl., ill., index. (Cambria studies in slavery series) Ten essays describe the African artistic and cultural foundations in the slave communities of Latin America, primarily Brazil. The essays show evidence of a cultural relationship between Brazil and Africa, primarily Angola, that continues to the present day despite attempts to suppress cultural expressions during the postabolition period. The volume is important because it offers recent Brazilian and African research in English. [MG]

1075 Algranti, Leila Mezan. Alimentação e cultura material no Rio de Janeiro dos vice-reis: diversidade de fontes e possibilidades de abordagens. (Varia Hist., 32:58, jan./ abril 2016, p. 21–51, bibl., table) A study of material culture related to the history of food in Rio de Janeiro during the second half of the 18th century. The analysis focuses on the ownership of cutlery in different social levels and an examination of social norms and practices during a period of change in Rio de Janeiro. [MG] 1076 Andrade, Francisco Eduardo de. Os pretos devotos do Rosário no espaço público da paróquia, Vila Rica, nas Minas Gerais. (Varia Hist., 32:59, maio/agosto 2016, p. 401–435) A study of African involvement in the Brotherhood of Our Lady of the Rosary. The focus is on the city of Vila Rica in Minas Gerais. See also HLAS 64:1613. [MG] 1077 Araujo, Ana Lucia. El purgatorio negro: historias de dos esclavas que resistieron la esclavitud en el sur profundo de Brasil. (Millars, 42, 2017, p. 23–47) Araujo is a professor of history at Howard University (Washington, DC) and a leading expert on slavery in the Americas. This article examines the experience of two Brazilian enslaved women in the city of Porto Alegre who were convicted of infanticide and murder in the 1820s. After

History: Brazil: Colonial / 271 public flogging, they were sent into exile to the Portuguese colony of Benguela in central Africa. The article shows the futility of resistance to slavery from the female perspective. [MG]

economy. His thesis is that local domestic economic systems were more important in determining wealth and economic strength than the foreign global economy based on a single-export economy. [MG]

1078 Araujo, Patrícia Vargas Lopes de. De Arraial a Vila: a criação da Vila de Campanha da Princesa: reinvindicações locais, estratégias políticas e reafi rmação da soberania portuguesa. Curitiba, Brazil: Editora Prismas, 2016. 324 p.: bibl., ill., maps (1 color). (Coleção Ciências sociais) Publication of a revised 2008 PhD dissertation from the Universidade Estadual de Campinas that studies the formation of the small town of Campanha de Princesa in the southeast region of Minas Gerais at the end of the 18th century. The book provides an interesting look at how liberal thought affected politics and economics in a small town prior to independence. [MG]

1082 Carles, Marjolaine. Águas de domínio público (Brasil colonial): o caso de Vila Rica, Minas Gerias, 1722–1806. (Varia Hist., 32:58, jan./abril 2016, p. 79–100, bibl., graph) A study of the development of public water resources in the mining town of Vila Rica, the governor’s headquarters for the captaincy of Minas Gerais. The author provides a stimulating look at political, legal, and economic development in colonial Brazil on the local level. [MG]

1079 Bicalho, Maria Fernanda. Entre a teoria e a prática: dinâmicas políticoadministrativas em Portugal e na América portuguesa (séculos XVII e XVIII). (Rev. Hist./São Paulo, 167, segundo semestre 2012, p. 75–98) The author examines the structure of Portuguese government focusing on the Overseas Council and its confl ict with the courts. She shows the lack of a welldefi ned jurisdiction between the captaincy governor, governors-general, and the viceroys. [MG] 1080 Bicalho, Maria Fernanda. “Possuidores despóticos”: historiografia, denúncia e fontes sobre a corrupção na América portuguesa. (Rev. Complut. Hist. Am., 43, 2017, p. 127–152, bibl.) This study analyzes corruption in colonial Brazil by examining the ideas of authors writing in the 17th and 18th centuries. [MG] 1081 Caldeira, Jorge. História da riqueza no Brasil: cinco séculos de pessoas, costumes e governos. Rio de Janeiro: Estação Brasil, 2017. 621 p.: bibl. The author is well-known for synthesizing various aspects of Brazilian history. In this volume, he takes a unique approach to examining the history of wealth in Brazil by focusing on the cultural history of the

1083 Carvalho, Francismar Alex Lopes de. Lealdades negociadas: povos indígenas e a expansão dos impérios ibéricos nas regiões centrais da América do Sul (segunda metade do século XVIII). São Paulo: Alameda, 2014. 596 p.: bibl., ill., maps. This publication of a PhD dissertation from the Universidade de São Paulo is a study of the activities and confl icts between the two European powers in the region of the Guaporé and Paraguay Rivers in western Brazil on the border with Bolivia. The author does a comparative analysis of the social and economic impacts of the Spanish and Portuguese on the Indigenous and settler populations. The author suggests that the success of policies depended upon establishing strong relationships with Indigenous groups as well as gaining the support and fi nancial assistance of the European settlers. [MG] 1084 Carvalho Júnior, Almir Diniz de. Índios cristãos: poder, magia e religião na Amazônia colonial. Curitiba, Brazil: Editora CRV, 2017. 355 p.: bibl. This book looks specifically at the Indigenous people who converted to Christianity in the Amazon. A publication of the author’s 2005 PhD dissertation from the Universidade de Campinas, the study describes the activities of priests, primarily Jesuits, in colonization during the 17th and 18th centuries. Using a variety of primary source documents, the author explores the meaning of conversion and suggests that the Indigenous population who became Chris-

272 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 tians demonstrated the ability to adapt by mixing theology and practices from their culture into their religious activities. [MG]

1085 Carvalho Viotti, Ana Carolina de. As proposições de Antonio de Saldanha da Gama para a melhoria do tráfico de escravos, “por questões humanitárias e econômicas,” Rio de Janeiro, 1810. (Hist. Ciênc. Saúde Manguinhos, 23:4, out./dez. 2016, p. 1169–1182, bibl.) In 1810, Antonio de Saldanha da Gama, a member of the Treasury, wrote a letter proposing changes to an edict issued by Dom João VI regulating the transport and treatment of enslaved peoples during the transatlantic crossing. The purpose of the letter was to suggest improvements in the treatment of enslaved people that were not part of the original edict. The original letter is located in the Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino in Lisbon. The letter is transcribed and annotated in this article. [MG] 1086 Cavalcanti, Nireu Oliveira. Histórias de confl itos no Rio de Janeiro colonial: da carta de Caminha ao contrabando de camisinha (1500–1807). Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira, 2013. 308 p.: bibl. The author is a social historian with numerous books on the history of Rio de Janeiro. This publication presents a collection of 28 of the author’s newspaper columns published in O Jornal do Brasil between August 1999 and July 2000. The essays recount thought-provoking stories surrounding issues of social and political confl ict in early Rio de Janeiro. This delightful collection adds color and flavor to the traditional history of the city. [MG] 1087 Cavazzani, André Luiz Moscaleski. Tendo o sol por testemunha: população portuguesa na Baía de Paranaguá (c. 1750–1830). São Paulo: Alameda, 2015. 391 p.: bibl., ill. A publication of the author’s 2013 PhD dissertation from the Universidade de São Paulo. Paranaguá Bay was an important southern Brazilian port during the colonial period, second in the south to Santos. Today it is located in the state of Paraná, but was in the captaincy of São Paulo during the late 18th century. This study investigates Portuguese migration during that transitional period. [MG]

1088 Chaves Jr., José Inaldo. “As duras cadeias de hum governo subordinado”: poder e sociedade na Paraíba colonial (c. 1756-c.1799). Curitiba, Brazil: Editora CRV, 2017. 207 p.: bibl., ill. Publication of the author’s 2013 MA thesis at the Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) in Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, that examines the 18th-century relationship between two northeastern captaincies, Paraíba and Recife. Paraíba is directly north of Pernambuco. Though the captaincy of Paraíba was established in 1580, the two were administratively combined for 40 years in the last half of the 18th century. The result was not only the strengthening of social and political relationships, but also the establishing of economic networks between the elites that extended long after the administrative connection ended. [MG] 1089 A Companhia de Jesus e os Índios. Organização de Eunícia Barros Barcelos Fernandes. Curitiba, Brazil: Editora Prismas, 2016. 286 p.: bibl. (Coleção Religiões e religiosidades) Eleven essays discuss the interaction between Jesuits and the Indigenous population of Brazil. [MG] 1090 A Companhia de Jesus na América por seus colégios e fazendas: aproximações entre Brasil e Argentina (século XVIII). Organização de Marcia Amantino, Eliane Cristina Deckmann Fleck e Carlos Engemann. Rio de Janeiro: Garamond, 2015. 255 p.: bibl., ill. (Garamond universitária) Eight comparative essays on the Jesuits in Rio de Janeiro and Córdoba, Argentina, during the 18th century focus on the extensive agriculture operations of the two settlements. The comparison shows that the structural organization of the plantations were similar and both amassed significant wealth. The essays suggest exploitation of the Indigenous populations and significant confl ict with governmental officials and neighboring plantation owners. [MG] 1091 Costa, Ana Paula Pereira. Corpos de ordenanças e chefias militares em Minas colonial: Vila Rica (1735–1777). Rio de Janeiro: FGV Editora, 2014. 176 p.: bibl. The Corpos de Ordenanças was an organization for nonprofessional troops that almost always consisted of local citizens.

History: Brazil: Colonial / 273 This book, originally a 2006 MA thesis from the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, studies the highest-ranking officers of the organization in the Vila Rica district during the mining period. The author shows how positions in the Corpos helped officers advance socially and economically. She also explores how the Portuguese government used these local officials to maintain control over the region. [MG]

1092 Couto, Ronaldo. Os jesuítas na América portuguesa: a expansão da fé a consolidação econômica na Capitania do Rio de Janeiro, séculos XVI e XVII. Rio de Janeiro: Clube de Autores, 2013. 155 p.: bibl., ill. A short history of the Jesuits in Brazil with a focus on Rio de Janeiro during the early colonial period. There is little in the volume that adds to the historiography of this period. Includes illustrations. [MG] 1093 Crowley, John E. Sugar machines: picturing industrialized slavery. (Am. Hist. Rev., 121:2, April 2016, p. 403–436, ill.) An examination of depictions of slavery and sugar production technology through visual images of the sugar mills. The author shows two different types of imagery, one emphasizing abuse of slaves and the other portraying plantations as tranquil communities. The images were used by both abolitionist movements and antiabolitionists. Includes illustrations. [MG] 1094 Cruz, Miguel Dantas da. A nomeação de militares na América portuguesa: tendências de um império negociado. (Varia Hist., 31:57, set./dez. 2015, p. 673–710, bibl.) This study examines the role of place of birth in the promotion of officers to highranking positions. The article suggests that birthplace and connection to Brazil did play a role in limiting the number of Brazilians in positions of responsibility in the Portuguese army. The author also make a comparison with British and Spanish colonial militaries. [MG] 1095 Daibert, Robert. A religião dos bantos: novas leituras sobre o calundu no Brasil colonial. (Estud. Hist./Rio de Janeiro, 28:55, jan./junho 2015, p. 7–25, bibl.) The author is a professor of history at the Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora.

This article provides a brief summary of the Bantu African tradition expressed in the religious experiences of colonial Brazil. [MG]

1096 Dimensões do catolicismo no Império português (séculos XVI-XIX). Organização de Anderson José Machado de Oliveira e William de Souza Martins. Rio de Janeiro: Garamond, 2015. 413 p.: bibl. (Garamond universitária) Thirteen essays, most focusing on Brazil, analyze the role of the Catholic Church throughout the Portuguese Empire. The essays examine the interactions between Church institutions and the Portuguese political structure. The essays incorporate research on the Church by Brazilian scholars from the “Ecclesia: Grupo de Estudos em História do CatolicismoCNPq.” [MG] 1097 Domingos, Simone Tiago. Política e memória: a polêmica sobre os jesuítas na Revista do IHGB e a política imperial (1839–1886). Jundiaí, Brazil: Paco Editorial, 2013. 268 p.: bibl. This study, originally the author’s 2009 MA thesis from the Universidade Estadual de Campinas, is an examination of debates during the monarchy on the role of the Jesuits in the founding of the nation. The documentation and sources for the investigation were articles published in the major historical periodical of the period, the Revista do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro. The author demonstrates that the debates were more a reflection of political confl icts of the time than the result of valid historical research. [MG] 1098 dos Reis, Anderson Roberti and Luiz Estevam de Oliveira Fernandes. 1492, partos do fecundo oceano: relatos históricos sobre o descobrimento da América em dois tempos (as Décadas de Anglería e de Herrera). (Varia Hist., 30:54, set./dez. 2014, p. 727–751) This study compares two historians writing in two different time periods. Pedro Mártir de Anglería (1457–1526) was an Italian historian who worked in Spain and published a history at the beginning of the 16th century called Decades. Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas ( -1625) was a Spanish chronicler who was active in the fi rst part of the 17th century. The author shows that

274 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 their histories were affected by the political and economic environment of the times in which they wrote. [MG]

essays include a discussion of the historiography and provide up-to-date research on the time period. [MG]

1099 Edificar e transgredir: clero, religiosidade e Inquisição no espaço iberoamericano (séculos XVI-XIX). Organização de Aldair Carlos Rodrigues et al. Jundiaí, Brazil: Paco Editorial, 2016. 478 p.: bibl., ill. This volume publishes the proceedings of a 2014 symposium on clergy, the Catholic Church, and the Inquisition held at a conference on colonial history in Maceió, Alagoas. The 18 papers study the Catholic Church in three different areas: general institutions and norms, practices related to the control of faith and morality, and peripheral questions related to beliefs and practices not part of the religious principles of the Church. [MG]

1102 Eugênio, Alisson. Lágrimas de sangue: a saúde dos escravos no Brasil da época de Palmares à abolição. São Paulo: Alameda, 2016. 268 p.: bibl., ill., indexes. A study of the health of enslaved people in Brazil. A variety of conditions are identified by type of work. For example, miners suffered from lung diseases, lack of clothing, and fractures and wounds resulting from mining hazards. The author suggests that the conditions were recognized and denounced in texts and manuals by doctors, priests, and scholars. [MG]

1100 Enes, Thiago. De como administrar cidades e governar impérios: almotaçaria portuguesa, os mineiros e o poder (1745–1808). Curitiba, Brazil: Editora Prismas, 2017. 405 p.: bibl., ill. (some color). The almotacé was a local government official responsible for the inspection of weights and measures and the establishment of taxes on food. In times of scarcity, the position was also responsible for the distribution of food. This study, based on the author’s 2010 MA thesis from the Universidade Federal Fluminense, examines the activities of the Almotacé in the city of Mariana, Minas Gerais, in the last half of the 18th century. The author shows how the position evolved within a climate of economic expansion and political instability. It gained in importance with the expansion of mining, the increase in the importation of enslaved peoples, and the necessity of food distribution. [MG] 1101 A “época pombalina” no mundo lusobrasileiro. Organização de Francisco Falcon e Claudia Rodrigues. Rio de Janeiro: FGV Editora: FAPERJ, 2015. 532 p.: bibl. The historical period examined in this volume covers the time between 1750 and 1777 when the Marquis of Pombal was the head of the Portuguese government. The volume includes 16 essays covering general economic, political, social, and cultural aspects of the period. The book is unique in that all of the authors are Brazilian. The

1103 Eugênio, Alisson. Relatos de Luís Gomes Ferreira sobre a saúde dos escravos na obra Erário mineral (1735). (Hist. Ciênc. Saúde Manguinhos, 22:3, julho/set. 2015, p. 723–741, bibl.) Luís Gomes Ferreira was a Portuguese surgeon who went to Brazil in 1709, joining the army in 1711 in the expedition to expel the French from Rio de Janeiro. He returned to Portugal in 1731 and wrote a medical manual entitled Erário mineral (originally published in 1735; reprinted in two volumes in Rio de Janeiro in 2002) describing medicine and common illnesses in Brazil. He included significant criticism of the treatment of enslaved peoples in Brazil. [MG] 1104 Feldman, Ariel. Como pano de fundo ao Império: a trajetória do “Fundamento Histórico,” de sua produção a sua publicação na imprensa joanina (1773–1819). (Varia Hist., 29:49, jan./abril 2013, p. 101–123) In 1773, the Minas Gerais poet Cláudio Manoel da Costa (1729–89) wrote an introduction to his epic poem Vila Rica entitled “Fundamento Histórico.” This article traces the history of the introductory essay from circulating in manuscript form through publication in various places, the last one in 1819. The author suggests the introduction was used by the Crown to strengthen unity in Brazil. [MG] 1105 Fernandes, Neusa. A Inquisição em Minas Gerais. v. 2, Processos singulares. Rio de Janeiro: Mauad X, 2016. 295 p.: bibl., ill. (some color).

History: Brazil: Colonial / 275 The author, a historian and museum director from Rio de Janeiro, has published several studies on the history of the Inquisition in the state of Minas Gerais. The author has identified over 900 Cristãos Novos (New Christians) with connections to the region. Their successful economic activities primarily in commerce and the collection of rents attracted the attention of the Inquisition and resulted in 86 trials of permanent or temporary residents. Forty-two of the trials were examined in volume 1 (published in 2014) and 44 in volume 2. The study suggests that the trials were as much about jealously of economic success as heretical religious issues. [MG]

1106 Ferreira Furtado, Júnia. Seditious books and libertinism in the captaincy of Minas Gerais (18th century Brazil): the library of naturalist José Vieira Couto. (Rev. Complut. Hist. Am., 40, 2014, p. 113–136, bibl.) José Vieira Couto was a Brazilian doctor assigned by the Portuguese Crown to study medicine in the captaincy of Minas Gerais, He wrote several reports between 1799 and 1802. He was accused of being part of the 1789 uprising against the Portuguese but he was never investigated. He owned a library of over 200 volumes. This article examines the books in his library, highlighting two on the independence of the US. [MG] 1107 Franco, Renato. Discriminação e abandono de recém-nascidos mestiços na América Portuguesa: os exemplos de Mariana, Vila Rica e Recife. (Varia Hist., 32:59, maio/agosto 2016, p. 437–469, bibl.) This study offers a comparative examination of colonial-era foster care practice and funding in three Brazilian cities: Mariana and Vila Rica in Minas Gerais and Recife, Pernambuco. The author demonstrates that racial identification affected the quality of care for abandoned infants. [MG] 1108 Franco, Renato. O modelo luso de assistência e a dinâmica das Santas Casas de Misericórdia na América portuguesa. (Estud. Hist./Rio de Janeiro, 27:53, jan./junho 2014, p. 5–25, bibl., table) The principal Luso-Brazilian institutions that provided assistance to the poor were the Santas Casas de Misericórdia (Holy Houses of Mercy). The model for how these

charities functioned was the Santa Casa in Lisbon. This article briefly compares the 14 hospitals established in Brazil and shows that each Santa Casa, though based on the Lisbon model, was unique according to local environment, needs, and population. [MG]

1109 Gonçalves, Monique de Siqueira. A imprensa médica na Corte imperial: a loucura e as doenças nervosas nas páginas dos periódicos especializados (1850–1880). (Varia Hist., 29:49, jan./abril 2013, p. 143–168) A study of information on insanityrelated diseases available in Brazil from 1850 to 1880. The author surveyed articles published in medical journals during this period and demonstrates that there was an active circulation of scientific ideas and creative analysis—and importantly, not just a repetition of European ideas. The article argues that the medical press played a role in the development of psychiatry in Brazil. [MG] 1110 História da família no Brasil (séculos XVIII, XIX e XX): novas análises e perspectivas. Edição de Douglas Cole Libby et al. Belo Horizonte, Brazil: Fino Traço Editora, 2015. 384 p.: bibl., ill., maps. (Coleção História) This volume brings together essays from a 2014 conference at the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. The focus of most of the contributions is family history and demography in colonial Minas Gerais. This interesting collection uses research outside of traditional social and economic historical approaches. [MG] 1111 História militar da Amazônia: guerra, militares e sociedade (séculos XVII-XIX). Organização de Alírio Cardoso, Carlos Augusto Bastos e Shirley Maria Silva Nogueira. Curitiba, Brazil: Editora CRV, 2015. 251 p.: bibl., ill. This collection of 13 essays addresses the general themes of war and the military in the Amazon region. The authors are primarily from Brazilian northern and northeastern universities and research centers. More than half of the essays focus on the colonial period. [MG] 1112 Langfur, Hal. Cannibalism and the body politic: independent Indians in the era of Brazilian independence. (Ethno-

276 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 history, 65:4, Oct. 2018, p. 549–573, bibl., ill., map) The author examines the efforts of the state to incorporate autonomous Native peoples into Brazilian society during the independence period—specifically among the Botocudo peoples, an Indigenous group in the present state of Minas Gerais. They were formidable adversaries who were successful in part because of discord among the state representatives and Indigenous relationships with different elements of Brazilian society. The article highlights the failure of the state to subordinate these groups. [MG]

1113 Leituras e interpretações sobre a época joanina (1792–1826). Organização de Juliana Gesuelli Meirelles e Marieta Pinheiro de Carvalho. Curitiba, Brazil: Editora Prismas, 2016. 272 p.: bibl., ill. (Coleção Ensino de história) The Joanina period refers to the time João the 6th ruled as prince regent in Portugal and Brazil. Among the important events during this period were the move of the court to Brazil in 1806, the return of João to Portugal in 1821, and Brazilian independence in 1822. This collection includes nine essays on a variety of topics related to Portugal and Brazil. Of particular interest is the section on culture that examines art, theater, and music. [MG] 1114 Lima, Luís Filipe Silvério and Bianca Carolina Pereira da Silva. A presença do Novo Mundo na iconografia de morte e dos sonhos de São Francisco Xavier: a missão jesuítica e as partes e gentes do Império Português. (Varia Hist., 30:53, maio/agosto 2014, p. 407–441, photos) A study of different pictorial renditions of the founder of the Jesuits and Catholic saint São Francisco Xavier (1506–52) done between the early 17th century and the mid-18th century. St. Francis was initially identified as the Apostle of the East in early depictions, but by the second half of the 17th century, African and Native American elements were added to his death and dreams iconography. The study suggests the importance of his story in the religious evolution of Brazil. [MG] 1115 Mantovani, Rafael Leite. Modernizar a ordem em nome da saúde: a São Paulo de militares, pobres e escravos (1805–

1840). Rio de Janeiro: Editora FIOCRUZ, 2017. 276 p.: bibl. (Coleção História e saúde) A publication of the author’s 2015 PhD dissertation from the Universidade de São Paulo. The volume studies the effect of changing administrative structures on health during the fi rst half of the 19th century in the city of São Paulo. The author fi nds marked improvement in several aspects of community health including in such areas as street cleaning, draining swamps, and in particular vaccination against smallpox. The changes improved the health of the elite, but resulted in increases of disease in the enslaved and prisoner populations who cleaned the affluent areas of the city. [MG]

1116 Mariz, Vasco. Pelos caminhos da história: nos bastidores do Brasil colônia, Império e República. Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira, 2015. 291 p.: bibl., index. The author is a well-known Brazilian musicologist and diplomat who passed away in 2017 at the age of 96. Mariz was a prolific writer focusing mostly on music but during his later years, he turned his attention to Brazilian history. This volume includes 18 of his essays on a variety of historical topics which are enjoyable reading but include little that is new or innovative. [MG] 1117 Mariz, Vasco and Lucien Provençal. Os franceses na Guanabara: Villegagnon e a França Antártica (1555–1567). 3a edição revista e ampliada em comemoração aos 450 anos do Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Nova Fronteira, 2015. 220 p.: bibl., ill., index. The republication of a 2000 volume originally issued in France and in Brazil as Villegagnon e a França Antártica (see HLAS 60:3187) to celebrate Rio de Janeiro’s 450th anniversary. Vasco Mariz, best known as a diplomat and musicologist, published this history of the French colony in Rio de Janeiro between 1555 and 1567 when it was destroyed by the Portuguese. The volume includes an appendix with documents translated into Portuguese. Mariz passed away in 2017. [MG] 1118 Martins, William de Souza. A clausura enferma: petições para a saída do Convento da Ajuda no Rio de Janeiro para tratamento de doenças contagiosas, c. 1750–

History: Brazil: Colonial / 277 1780. (Hist. Ciênc. Saúde Manguinhos, 23:3, julho/sept. 2016, p. 719–732) An examination of contagious diseases among nuns in the Convento da Ajuda in Rio de Janeiro. The author based the study on requests to leave the convent for treatment. The value of the article beyond a description of the diseases is the evaluation of procedures and methods adopted outside the convents to protect the nuns. [MG]

1119 Mattos, Hebe Maria; Martha Abreu; and Milton Guran. Por uma história pública dos africanos escravizados no Brasil. (Estud. Hist./Rio de Janeiro, 27:54, julho/ dez. 2014, p. 255–273, bibl.) This article discusses the challenge of creating a list of historical places related to the slave trade and slavery in Brazil. On the list, 100 places were identified through the collaboration of numerous scholars of slavery in Brazil. This list became Brazil’s contribution to UNESCO’s Slave Route Project. [MG] 1120 Mattos, Yllan de. A Inquisição contestada: críticos e críticas ao Santo Ofício português (1605–1681). Rio de Janeiro: Mauad X, 2014. 238 p.: bibl. Based on the author’s 2013 PhD dissertation from the Universidade Federal Fluminense, this study examines the origins and function of the Office of the Inquisition in Portugal and its role in 17th-century Brazil. Mattos also surveyed the protests in opposition to the Inquisition in Portugal. [MG] 1121 Mello, José Antônio Gonsalves de. Testamento do General Francisco Barreto de Menezes; A cartografia holandesa do Recife; A rendição dos holandeses no Recife (1654). Recife, Brazil: CePe Editora, 2017. 387 p.: bibl., ill., maps. Mello was an early historian of the Brazilian Northeast, specifically the Dutch occupation. A cousin of Gilberto Freyre, he was an active researcher in the archives of Brazil and Europe. This book reprints three of his studies that were originally published in the 1970s, providing a useful singlevolume resource for the study of this period. [MG] 1122 Meneses, José Newton Coelho. Artes fabris e ofícios banais: o controle dos ofícios mecânicos pelas Câmaras de Lisboa e

das Vilas de Minas Gerais (1750–1808). Belo Horizonte, Brazil: Fino Traço Editora, 2013. 361 p.: bibl., ill. (Coleção História) A study of trades—tailors, seamstresses, bakers, blacksmiths, metalworkers, carpenters, stonemasons, and sculptors—in the last half of the 18th century in Minas Gerais. The book examines the evolution of traditional tradesmen within a highly hierarchical political and social system based on privilege and inequality. Meneses studies the effect of governmental regulation on the trades and the distribution of their products. A provocative study of a segment of colonial society and economics seldom examined in traditional histories. [MG]

1123 As Minas e o Império: dinâmicas locais e projetos coloniais portugueses. Organização de Adriano Toledo Paiva e Pablo Menezes e Oliveira. Belo Horizonte, Brazil: Fino Traço Editora, 2013. 313 p.: bibl., ill. (Coleção História) This volume brings together 13 essays on 18th-century life and government in Minas Gerais by former students of the graduate history program of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. [MG] 1124 Miranda, Bruno Romero Ferreira. Gente de guerra: origem, cotidiano e resistência dos soldados do exército da Companhia das Índias Ocidentais no Brasil (1630–1654). Recife, Brazil: Editora UFPE, 2014. 435 p.: bibl., ill., maps. This volume is based on the author’s 2011 PhD dissertation from the University of Leiden in the Netherlands. The book examines the activities and challenges of the soldiers of the Dutch occupation. [MG] 1125 Mont Serrath, Pablo Oller. São Paulo restaurada: administração, economia e sociedade numa capitania colonial, 1765– 1802. São Paulo: Alameda, 2017. 314 p.: bibl. Based on the author’s 2007 MA thesis from the Universidade de São Paulo, this volume studies the 1765 restoration of São Paulo as a captaincy by the Marquês de Pombal. The author suggests the purpose of the restoration was territorial expansion and defense, economic expansion of export agriculture, and the strengthening of Portuguese power. The changes were successful because administrators used established colonial elites as agents of the Crown. These

278 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 measures continued in successive governments. [MG]

1126 Monteiro, Lucas Maximiliano. A Inquisição não está aqui?: A presença do Tribunal do Santo Ofício no extremo sul da América portuguesa (1680–1821). Jundiaí, Brazil: Paco Editorial, 2015. 282 p.: bibl., ill. Based on his 2011 MA thesis from the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, the author shows that most research on the Inquisition has been connected to population centers in the Northeast. By examining records in Church archives in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Monteiro suggests an equally strong Church presence in the south. The Inquisition supported the political elite of the region in order to maintain Portuguese control, particularly in Colônia de Sacramento in present-day Uruguay. [MG] 1127 Moreau, Filipe Eduardo. Arquitetura militar em Salvador da Bahia, séculos XVI a XVIII. São Paulo: Intermeios, Casa de Artes e Livros, 2016. 532 p.: bibl., ill. (some color), maps (some color). Based on the author’s 2011 PhD dissertation from the Universidade de São Paulo, this study provides a chronological history and analysis of military structures in the capital of Bahia through independence. Moreau shows European influences on the structures and evaluates how the city and the fortress evolved together—providing protection and support for each other. The book also identifies or recreates the architectural plans at each important time in the history of the buildings. A fascinating technical study. Includes maps. [MG] 1128 Morel, Marco. A Revolução do Haiti e o Brasil escravista: o que não deve ser dito. Jundiaí, Brazil: Paco Editorial, 2017. 346 p.: bibl., ill., index, maps. The author is a historian, journalist, and professor of history in Rio de Janeiro. This book is the result of 15 years of research on the effect of Haitian independence on the history of slavery in Brazil. Morel examines the fears and concerns of the Brazilian elite over the possibility that something similar could happen in Brazil. The book places Brazil historically within the international reaction to the successful slave uprising in the Caribbean. [MG]

1129 Novos olhares sobre a Amazônia colonial. Organização de Rafael Chambouleyron e José Alves de Souza Junior. Belém, Brazil: Editora Paka-Tatu, 2016. 426 p.: bibl., ill. Twenty essays by recent graduate students from a variety of institutions address the colonial history of the Amazon. Beyond the geographic region, there is no connective theme in the volume. Some topics covered include relations between Jesuits and Indigenous peoples, commerce between the Dutch and Indigenous peoples, various elements of the Portuguese colonial administration including maltreatment of Indigenous peoples, and Indigenous resistance. [MG] 1130 Oliveira, Mônica Ribeiro de. A terra e seus homens: roceiros livres de cor e senhores ao longo do século XVIII. Rio de Janeiro: 7Letras, 2016. 178 p.: bibl., ill. This volume examines less prominent participants in the 18th-century Brazilian economy, including freedman and mestizos in the Minas Gerais Mantiqueira highlands and mountain range. The study examines confl icts over land, natural resources, and mining. The author is a professor of history at the Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. [MG] 1131 Oliveira, Tiago Kramer de. Entre o oficial e o costumeiro: o exercício dos poderes e a espacialização da ruralidade no centro da América do Sul (primeira metade do século XVIII). (An. Mus. Paul., 19:2, julho/dez. 2011, p. 129–156, ill.) This study looks at expansion into western São Paulo during the fi rst half of the 18th century. The author examines the role of the administrators of the captaincy of São Paulo in exploration, administration, and economic stimulation of the region. Includes illustrations. [MG] 1132 Pereira, Alexandra Maria. Das Minas à Corte, de caixeiro a contratador: Jorge Pinto de Azeredo: atividade mercantil e negócios na primeira metade do século XVIII. São Paulo: Alameda, 2017. 349 p.: bibl., ill. Based on the author’s 2014 PhD dissertation from the Universidade de São Paulo, this book studies the 18th-century Vila Rica Portuguese businessman, Jorge

History: Brazil: Colonial / 279 Pinto de Azeredo, looking in particular at his activities and businesses involved in producing mining supplies. Also included is an examination of his political activities. Azeredo passed away in 1747. [MG]

1133 Pinheiro, Fernanda Domingos. Impedidos de “tratar da vida”: os desafios enfrentados pelos libertos na sociedade colonial. (Rev. Hist./São Paulo, 172, primeiro semestre 2015, p. 221–242, bibl.) This study provides a general overview of the daily lives of free Blacks in colonial Brazil. The high number of freed slaves created a separate social class between enslaved peoples and Europeans. The article examines the challenges that free Black people faced, focusing on threats and constraints to their freedom. [MG] 1134 Pinto, Francisco Eduardo. A hidra de sete bocas: sesmeiros e posseiros em confl ito no povoamento das Minas Gerais (1750–1822). Juiz de Fora, Brazil: Editora UFJF, 2014. 491 p.: bibl., ill., map. A publication of the author’s revised 2010 PhD dissertation from the Universidade Federal Fluminense, the book presents a study of land ownership and property disputes in the Rio das Mortes district in Minas Gerais. Using documentation created in legal disputes, Pinto shows that the expansion of the latifundia system through the incorporation of Indigenous land in southern Minas Gerais was an important component of Portuguese governmental policy. The author highlights the role of one of the participants in the anti-Portuguese Inconfidência de Minas, Inácio José de Alvarenga Peixoto (1744?-1792). [MG] 1135 Pinto, Rosalvo Gonçalves. Os inconfidentes José de Rezende Costa (pai e fi lho) e o Arraial da Lage. 2a edição revista e ampliada Resende Costa, Brazil: AMIRCO, Associação dos Amigos da Cultura de Resende Costa, 2014. 485 p.: ill. (Coleção Lageana; 5) A revised version of a 1992 publication about two participants of the 1789 Inconfidência Mineira. José (father), born in 1728, owned a farm and was a captain in the Auxiliary Cavalry Regiment of São José do Rio das Mortes. He and his son of the same name (1765–1841) were convicted of participation in the movement for independence

and exiled to Bissau in Portuguese Guinea. The father owned a large library that included clandestine books of the Enlightenment. [MG]

1136 Pombo, Nívia. Dom Rodrigo de Sousa Coutinho: pensamento e ação política-administrativa no Império Português (1778–1812). São Paulo: Hucitec Editora, 2015. 253 p.: bibl. (Estudos históricos; 88) Rodrigo de Sousa Coutinho (1755– 1812) was an administrator and articulator of Portuguese state policy during the second half of the 18th century. Beginning in 1777, he held numerous positions and in 1808 he accompanied the Portuguese court to Brazil where he had significant influence on economic development. Based on the author’s 2002 MA thesis from the Universidade Federal Fluminense. [MG] 1137 Precioso, Daniel. “Última vontade”: a alforria em testamentos de homens pardos (Vila Rica, 1755–1831). (Rev. Hist./São Paulo, 167, segundo semestre 2012, p. 99–128) A study of the manumission of enslaved peoples by the mixed population of the Minas city of Vila Rica. The group primarily consisted of small businessmen with limited capital. [MG] 1138 Rachi, Sílvia. Por mãos alheias: usos da escrita na sociedade colonial. Belo Horizonte, Brazil: Editora PUC Minas, 2016. 399 p.: bibl., color ill. Based on the author’s 2014 PhD dissertation from the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, this study examines the writings of women at the end of the colonial period in Minas Gerais. The documents for the investigation were wills from the Rio das Velhas district. The work provides a description of economic and social aspects of society, but focuses on the role of writing in the lives of what the author describes as “ordinary women.” The analysis is thought-provoking, though the theoretical discussion overshadows the actual analysis of the findings. [MG] 1139 Raminelli, Ronald. Matias Vidal de Negreiros: mulato entre a norma reinol e as práticas ultramarinas. (Varia Hist., 32:60, set./dez. 2016, p. 699–730, bibl.) This article presents a case study of a mulatto’s attempts to gain noble status in

280 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 17th-century Brazil. Matias Vidal de Negreiros was the illegitimate child of a Portuguese noble in Pernambuco who, despite not being recognized by his father, was given legitimacy and nobility by the Crown. He was even named administrator of his father’s estate. The author describes reactions to this claim of nobility in Brazil that included local governors and elites’ refusal to recognize his privileges. Appeals to Lisbon failed. [MG]

1140 Raminelli, Ronald. Nobrezas do Novo Mundo: Brasil e ultramar hispânico, séculos XVII e XVIII. Rio de Janeiro: FGV Editora: FAPERJ, 2015. 260 p.: bibl. The author is a perceptive scholar of the history of colonial Brazil and professor of history at the Universidade Federal Fluminense in Rio de Janeiro. This volume looks at the concept of nobility in both the Portuguese and Spanish colonial experience. Raminelli provides a historical background of European influences; however, the importance of the book lies in his examination of attempts by Indigenous and Black people to gain status. [MG] 1141 Rascunhos cativos: educação, escolas e ensino no Brasil escravista. Organização de Marcelo Mac Cord, Carlos Eduardo Moreira de Araújo, e Flávio dos Santos Gomes. Textos de Adriana Maria Paulo da Silva et al. Rio de Janeiro: FAPERJ: 7Letras, 2017. 287 p.: bibl. Thirteen essays investigate AfroBrazilian education, literacy, and literary production during the last years of slavery in Brazil into the 20th century. The essays question traditional beliefs that enslaved people were illiterate and uneducated. The book provides numerous examples of education and writing in the slave population. [MG] 1142 Um reino e suas repúblicas no Atlântico: comunicações políticas entre Portugal, Brasil e Angola nos séculos XVII e XVIII. Organização de João Fragoso e Nuno Gonçalo Monteiro. Com artigos de André Costa et al. Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira, 2017. 475 p.: bibl., ill., maps. Twelve essays by Portuguese and Brazilian historians examine the methods of communication between the three cen-

ters of the Portuguese Kingdom—Portugal, Brazil, and Angola—during the 17th and 18th centuries. [MG]

1143 Religiões e religiosidades, escravidão e mestiçagens. Organização de Isnara Pereira Ivo, Eduardo França Paiva e Marcia Amantino. São Paulo: Intermeios, Casas de Artes e Livros; Vitória da Conquista, Brazil: Edições UESB: Governo do Estado da Bahia, 2016. 240 p.: bibl., ill. This publication brings together 12 essays presented at a 2012 conference on religion and slavery held in Bahia. The essays examine the response of the Catholic Church to slavery and miscegenation in colonial Latin American society. The collection includes several essays in Spanish on Argentina and Peru. [MG] 1144 Resende, Maria Leônia Chaves de and Rafael José de Sousa. “Por temer o Santo Oficio”: as denúncias de Minas Gerais no Tribunal da Inquisição, século XVIII. (Varia Hist., 32:58, jan./abril 2016, p. 203– 224, bibl., graph, tables) This study looks at accusations in Inquisition prosecutors’ notebooks found in Portugal’s national archives about the state of Minas Gerais. The author analyzes the types and nature of accusations made between 1692 and 1821. [MG] 1145 Rezzutti, Paulo. D. Leopoldina: a história não contada: a mulher que arquitetou a Independência do Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: LeYa, 2017. 431 p.: bibl., ill. (some color). Rezzutti is a prolific author on topics related to the Portuguese royal family in Brazil. Several of his volumes have won historical and biographical awards. In this volume, he presents a biography of Leopoldina, a Habsburg princess from Austria selected to be the wife of Dom Pedro I. She went to Brazil in 1817 and had significant influence on the politics of the period, including the declaration of independence of Brazil and the role of her son in the decision. She passed away in December of 1826. This volume is the best biography available of the empress and a valuable contribution to the history of the royal family in Brazil. For the author’s biography of Dom Pedro I, see HLAS 74:1552. [MG]

History: Brazil: Colonial / 281

1146 Ribeiro, Júlio Cézar. A geografia da escravidão no território do capital. Curitiba, Brazil: Appris Editora, 2017. 451 p.: bibl., ill., maps. (Coleção Ciências sociais) The author is an adjunct professor of geography at the Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, campus of Três Lagoas. In this volume, he offers a theoretical investigation of what he terms “the other” in Brazil. Using a Marxist approach, the author suggests that capitalism subjugated a large portion of the population to slavery historically and that the present is no different. The book is challenging to read and contains jargon that makes it difficult to understand the ideas. [MG] 1147 Ribeiro, Maria Alice Rosa. Riqueza e endividamento na economia de plantation açucareira e cafeeira: a família Teixeira Vilela-Teixeira Nogueira, Campinas, São Paulo, século XIX. (Estud. Econ./ São Paulo, 45:3, julho/set. 2015, p. 527–565, bibl., tables) A comparative study of a plantation in Campinas during two different periods: the 18th century to 1850 and 1850 to 1870. The study examines the second and third generation owners of the plantation, focusing on how the families used credit and successfully accumulated wealth. [MG] 1148 Rodrigues, Aldair Carlos. Igreja e Inquisição no Brasil: agentes, carreiras e mecanismos de promoção social, século XVIII. São Paulo: Alameda, 2014. 406 p.: bibl., ill. A slightly revised publication of the 2012 award-winning PhD dissertation from the Universidade de São Paulo that describes the Inquisition in Brazil and the relationship between the Inquisition in Europe and a network of agents in Brazil. The value of this volume is the biographical portrayal that provides a social profi le of these agents. The majority were males between the ages of 30 and 60 who were from elite families and trying to improve their social status. [MG] 1149 Romeiro, Adriana. Corrupção e poder no Brasil: uma história, séculos XVI a XVIII. Belo Horizonte, Brazil: Autêntica Editora, 2017. 397 p.: bibl. (Coleção História e historiografia; 17)

The author’s postdoctoral thesis from the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid examines the methods and practices of corruption in colonial Brazil. The significance of this volume is that it demonstrates how power functioned in the Portuguese system to favor the Crown and local elites. [MG]

1150 Sabeh, Luiz. Colonização salvífica: os Jesuítas e as Coroas ibéricas na construção do Brasil (1549–1640). Curitiba, Brazil: Editora Prismas, 2017. 478 p.: bibl. This study examines the process of conversion of the Indigenous population of Brazil by the Jesuit order. The volume combines political and social history of the Jesuits with their theories of conversion of the Native population. The author suggests that the belief that colonization produced salvation was the key to understanding their political and spiritual mission. This publication is a revision and expansion of the author’s MA thesis and PhD dissertation from the Universidade Federal do Paraná. [MG] 1151 Salvador da Bahia: interações entre América e África (séculos XVI-XIX). Organização de Giuseppina Raggi, João Figueirôa-Rego e Roberta Stumpf. Salvador, Brazil: EDUFBA; Lisbon: CHAM (Centro de História d’Aquém e d’Além-Mar), 2017. 288 p.: bibl., ill., map. (Coleção Atlântica) This collection of essays by Brazilian and Portuguese authors addresses the relationship between the Brazilian city of Salvador and Africa between the 17th and 19th centuries. Though several topics are examined, the essays generally look at two aspects of the relationship, the slave trade and the evolution of culture in Brazil related to the connection to Africa. The quality and importance of the essays vary but the book as a whole demonstrates the closeness and interdependence of these two parts of the world. [MG] 1152 Sangenis, Luiz Fernando Conde. Controvérsias sobre a pobreza: franciscanos e jesuítas e as estratégias de fi nanciamento das missões no Brasil colonial. (Estud. Hist./Rio de Janeiro, 27:53, jan./ junho 2014, p. 27–48, bibl.) A comparative examination of the concepts of poverty as theory and practice between the two religious orders who

282 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 colonized Brazil. Though initially similar in their approach to poverty, when the issue of fi nancing their missions arose, the two orders went in different directions. For the Franciscans the concepts were metaphorical whereas the Jesuits believed in dealing with poverty through their farms and commercial activities. [MG]

1153 Santos, Fabricio Lyrio. Da catequese à civilização: colonização e povos indígenas na Bahia. Cruz das Almas, Brazil: Editora UFRB, 2014. 287 p.: bibl., ill., 1 map. Publication of the author’s 2012 PhD dissertation from the Universidade Federal da Bahia. In 1755, under the direction of the Marquis of Pombal, the Portuguese instituted changes regarding the treatment of the Indigenous population. The most significant changes decreased the role of the clergy and religious orders in the villages. This study examines the effect of those changes in the captaincy of Bahia that resulted in increased involvement of civilians and the military, fostering the integration of the Indigenous population into the economy and society as a whole. [MG] 1154 Santos, Marcelo Tadeu dos. A majestade do monarca: justiça e graça nos sermões de Antônio Vieira (1653–1662). São Paulo: Annablume, 2013. 246 p.: bibl. António Vieira was a Jesuit priest and Portuguese diplomat who advocated for the protection of the Indigenous population and the conversion of African slaves. This volume, a publication of the author’s masters’ thesis from the Universidade de Brasilía, examines Vieira’s opinion of the Portuguese government and the monarchy through a study of ideas expressed primarily in his sermons. [MG] 1155 Santos, Márcio Roberto Alves dos. Rios e fronteiras: conquista e ocupação do Sertão Baiano. São Paulo: EDUSP, 2017. 429 p.: bibl., color ill., color maps. This revised version of the author’s 2013 PhD dissertation from the Universidade de São Paulo is a valuable study of the conquest and settlement of the interior of Bahia. The author examines the numerous aspects of the exploration, confl icts, religion, and methods of colonization between the end of the 17th and the mid-18th century. [MG]

1156 Seminário A Companhia de Jesus na América: Pesquisas e Contrastes, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. A Companhia de Jesus na América. Organização de Eunícia B. B. Fernandes. Rio de Janeiro: Editora PUC Rio: Contra Capa, 2013. 286 p.: bibl. Publication of papers presented at a 2011 conference on the Jesuits at the Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro. The chapters demonstrate current research topics and methods that Brazilian scholars are pursuing. The collection brings together essays on a variety of topics including several on Jesuits outside of Brazil. Important in this collection is an examination of the Jesuits in the area of colonial Rio de Janeiro. [MG] 1157 Silva, Denílson de Cassio. O drama social da abolição: escravidão, liberdade, trabalho e cidadania em São João Del-Rei, Minas Gerais (1871–1897). Curitiba, Brazil: Editora Prismas, 2016. 356 p.: bibl. This study examines the abolition of slavery in the region surrounding the city of São João Del-Rei, Minas Gerais. The author shows that confl ict arose over issues of personal rights, freedom, and ownership of property. The work explores the differences of methodology and ideas between AfroBrazilians and European Brazilian intellectuals. [MG] 1158 Silva, Leandro Ferreira Lima da. Regalismo no Brasil colonial: a Coroa Portuguesa e a Ordem do Carmo, Rio de Janeiro, 1750–1808. São Paulo: Intermeios Casa de Artes e Livros, 2018. 556 p.: bibl., ill. Based on the author’s 2013 MA thesis from the Universidade de São Paulo, this study examines the Carmelite Order in Rio de Janeiro during the Marques de Pombal period leading up to the arrival of the Portuguese Crown in Brazil. The Carmelites were active in the evangelization of Brazil but as with all religious orders, they came under scrutiny during the last half of the 18th century. The Order survived in Brazil through creative interactions with the government. [MG] 1159 Silveira, Patrícia Ferreira dos Santos. Excomunhão e economia da salvação: queixas, querelas e denúncias no tribunal eclesiástico de Minas Gerais no século

History: Brazil: Colonial / 283 XVIII. São Paulo: Alameda, 2016. 516 p.: bibl., ill. Based on the author’s 2013 PhD dissertation from the Universidade de São Paulo, this volume looks at the Catholic Church’s ecclesiastical courts of excommunication in 18th-century Minas Gerais. Primarily using documentation from the Arquivo da Diocese de Mariana, the author examines ecclesiastical justice and tension between the Church and the Crown. [MG]

1160 Souza, George Félix Cabral de. Elites e exercício de poder no Brasil colonial: a Câmara Municipal do Recife (1710–1822). Recife, Brazil: Editora UFPE, 2015. 795 p.: bibl. Publication of the author’s awardwinning 2007 PhD dissertation from the Universidad de Salamanca—translated from Spanish into Portuguese. The Recife city council was initially organized to deal with confl icts between Portuguese merchants and local landowners. The author describes and analyzes the activities of the council that resulted in economic expansion and increased political participation by the merchant class. An important aspect of the study is an examination of the biographies of members of the council. A valuable addition to the study of local government in colonial Brazil. [MG] 1161 Souza, Jorge Victor de Araújo. Para além do claustro: uma história social da inserção beneditina na América portuguesa, c. 1580/c. 1690. Niterói, Brazil: Editora da UFF, 2014. 335 p.: bibl., ill. The author’s 2011 doctoral dissertation from the Universidade Federal Fluminense examines the Benedictine Order in 17th-century Brazil. The study surveys the role of the order in economic development and political disputes in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. The volume shows that the Benedictine experience was different than the more well-known Jesuit experience. [MG] 1162 Travessias inquisitoriais das Minas Gerais aos cárceres do Santo Ofício: diálogos e trânsitos religiosos no império luso-brasileiro (sécs. XVI-XVIII). Organização de Júnia Ferreira Furtado e Maria Leônia Chaves de Resende. Belo Horizonte, Brazil: Fino Traço Editora, 2013. 480 p.: bibl., ill. (Coleção História)

This volume pulls together 17 essays presented at a 2011 conference on the Inquisition held in the city of Tiradentes, Minas Gerais. The research examines the function and structure of the Inquisition process, the role of agents in identifying the perpetrators, and specific acts committed by those who were the focus of the Inquisition. Includes illustrations. [MG]

1163 Vasconcelos, Albertina Lima. As vilas do ouro: sociedade e trabalho na economia escravista mineradora (Bahia, século XVIII). Vitória da Conquista, Brazil: Edições UESB, 2015. 366 p.: bibl., facsims. (Coleção Nordestina; 86) The author was a professor of history at the Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia and working on a PhD at the Universidade de São Paulo when she passed away in 2005. This volume is based on her MA thesis from the Universidade Estadual de Campinas. The book presents a study of 18th-century slavery in the interior Bahian mining settlements of Jacobina and Rio de Contas. The author examines the effect of mining and slavery on the socioeconomic evolution of the area. [MG] 1164 Vilardaga, José Carlos. As controvertidas minas de São Paulo (1550–1650). (Varia Hist., 29:51, set./dez. 2013, p. 795–815) Historians have disagreed about the number and value of mines in early São Paulo. This article provides a brief examination of archival documents to determine the extent and value of those mines. The author concludes that significant amounts of gold were extracted; however, the amount was often exaggerated by historians in São Paulo to encourage economic investment and interest in the region. [MG] 1165 Villalta, Luiz Carlos. O Brasil e a crise do Antigo Regime português (1788–1822). Rio de Janeiro: FGV Editora, 2016. 271 p.: bibl., ill. The time between 1788 and 1822 in the history of Portugal was a period of crisis and confl ict involving issues of power in the country and the subsequent weakening of the monarchy due to the French invasion and the move of the court to Brazil. This volume by Villalta, professor of history at the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, examines events of Brazilian history within

284 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 the context of the crisis in Portugal, suggesting that the independence of Brazil was more a result of weakness in the Portuguese political system than Brazilian evolution towards independence. [MG]

1166 Villalta, Luiz Carlos. Usos do livro no mundo luso-brasileiro sob as luzes: reformas, censura e contestações. Belo Horizonte, Brazil: Fino Traço Editora, 2015. 553 p.: bibl., ill. (Coleção História) This study is an updated version of the author’s 1999 PhD dissertation from the Universidade de São Paulo. The work examines censorship in colonial Brazil by looking at government restrictions on books, the book market, methods of distribution of books, and the composition of libraries. The author shows that books were used not only as a source of information, but also as a political tool of protest and confl ict with the Portuguese government. This volume is an important addition to our understanding of colonial Brazil. [MG] EMPIRE TO REPUBLIC

1167 Arantes, Altino. O diário íntimo de Altino Arantes (1916–1918). Organização de Robson Mendonça Pereira e Sônia Maria de Magalhães. Jundiaí, Brazil: Paco Editorial, 2015. 453 p.: bibl., ill. This book publishes the diary of one of the leading figures of Paulista politics in the early 20th century, based on 15 manuscript notebooks. The text includes items from mention of daily mass and lunch to the coffee economy, WWI, and labor strikes. [MAM] 1168 Assunção, Matthias Röhrig. De caboclos a bem-te-vis: formação do campesinato numa sociedade escravista: Maranhão, 1800–1850. São Paulo: Annablume, 2015. 472 p.: bibl., maps. Based on the author’s 1990 PhD dissertation, this extensive and serious study argues that although the implementation of a plantation economy in Maranhão was late in getting started, it was accompanied by the growth of a “relatively important,” diversified, and autonomous peasant economy, at least in comparison to other parts of Brazil. This peasant sector was, in part, complementary to the plantations, but some of it was relatively autonomous and in tension with the “grande

lavoura.” For a related study, see HLAS 70:1474. [MAM]

1169 Atlântico de dor: faces do tráfico de escravos. Organização de João José Reis e Carlos da Silva Jr. Cruz das Almas, Brazil: Editora UFRB; Belo Horizonte, Brazil: Fino Traço Editora, 2016. 742 p.: bibl., ill., maps. (Coleção UNIAFRO; 12) This volume from the Coleção UNIAFRO brings together 22 essays about the phases of the Atlantic slave trade by established and new scholars, some of whom are now acquiring advanced status. One essay offers new numbers of captive Africans who embarked (5,848,266) and arrived (5,099,816) in Brazil. [MAM] 1170 Bocketti, Gregg P. The invention of the beautiful game: football and the making of modern Brazil. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2016. 316 p.: bibl., index. This innovative study of Brazilian soccer addresses concepts never before discussed, including female soccer fans in the early period. See also item 248. [MAM] 1171 Brasil, Eric. A corte em festa: experiências negras em carnavais do Rio de Janeiro (1879–1888). Curitiba, Brazil: Editora Prismas, 2016. 299 p.: bibl., ill. (some color). (Coleção Patrimônio cultural, museus & turismo) In this creative study, the author demonstrates that, over the course of the last decades of enslavement in Brazil, the cultural practices of the Afro-Brazilian population of Rio came to dominate carnival. [MAM] Cabello, Andrea Felippe and Luciano Martins Costa Póvoa. Análise econômica da primeira Lei de Patentes brasileira. See HLAS 75:1678.

1172 Cassoli, Marileide Lázara. A construção da liberdade: vivências da escravidão e do pós-abolição. Jundiaí, Brazil: Paco Editorial, 2017. 354 p.: bibl., ill., maps. This innovative study examines the experiences of enslaved and freed people as they struggled to obtain their freedom and give freedom meaning in the second half of the 19th century in Minas Gerais. [MAM] 1173 Castro, Marcelo Ribeiro de. Escravas, prostitutas e médicos: normalizando modos de vida da corte do Rio de Janeiro.

History: Brazil: Empire to Republic / 285 Campo Grande, Brazil: Editora UFMS, 2016. 207 p.: bibl., ill. This study uses medical school theses and legislation to show how poor women in Rio de Janeiro—especially enslaved women and prostitutes—resisted the categories defi ned for them by the Brazilian elite in the 19th century. Contains a useful list of medical school theses and their locations. [MAM]

1174 Cesar, Tiago da Silva. A ilusão panóptica: encarcerar e punir nas imperiais cadeias da Província de São Pedro (1850– 1888). São Leopoldo, Brazil: Oikos Editora: Editora Unisinos, 2015. 303 p.: bibl., ill. (Estudos Históricos Latino-Americanos— EHILA; 16) This work offers a detailed discussion of the efforts to construct model prisons in 19th-century Rio Grande do Sul. The author describes the condition of the buildings and prisoners. [MAM] 1175 Couto, Cristiana. Alimentação no Brasil Imperial. São Paulo: EDUC, 2015. 239 p.: bibl., ill. Based on the author’s PhD dissertation, this study examines ideas about the relationship between food, diet, and climate in 19th-century Brazil. Among other sources, the study is based on theses by students in Brazilian medical schools of the period along with contemporary cookbooks. Thought-provoking. [MAM] 1176 Cribelli, Teresa. Industrial forests and mechanical marvels: modernization in nineteenth-century Brazil. New York, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press, 2016. 253 p.: bibl., ill., index, map. In this important volume, Cribelli bridges the gap between environmental history and the history of technology—and incorporates ideas about modernity in Brazil by examining underutilized sources, particularly patent applications in the Arquivo Nacional. The discussion of early efforts to develop biofuels and other renewable combustibles from Brazilian forests is particularly worthwhile. [MAM] 1177 Da escravidão e da liberdade: processos, biografi as e experiências da abolição e do pós-emancipação em perspectiva transnacional. Organização de Antônio Liberac Cardoso Simões Pires et al. Cruz das Almas, Brazil: Editora UFRB; Belo Ho-

rizonte, Brazil: Fino Traço Editora, 2016. 334 p.: bibl., ill. (Coleção UNIAFRO; 8) This collection of essays from the Coleção UNIAFRO gathers articles from a 2013 ANPUH (Associação Nacional de História) symposium on enslavement and freedom and is designed to spark debate. [MAM]

1178 Das formações negras camponesas: ensaios sobre os remanescentes de quilombos no Brasil. Organização de Rosy de Oliveira e Flávio dos Santos Gomes. Cruz das Almas, Brazil: Editora UFRB; Belo Horizonte, Brazil: Fino Traço Editora, 2016. 177 p.: bibl., ill., maps. (Coleção UNIAFRO; 14) Volume 14 in the UNIAFRO series, this one about quilombo survivals in Brazil aims to provide school teachers, college professors, and researchers with the material necessary to teach African and Afro-Brazilian history in Brazilian public schools. Articles include material on the Bahian Recôncavo, the Bahian Sertão, Espírito Santo state, the Movimento Sem Terra (MST), and urban spaces. [MAM] Domingos, Simone Tiago. Política e memória: a polêmica sobre os jesuítas na Revista do IHGB e a política imperial (1839– 1886). See item 1097.

1179 Duarte, Constância Lima. Imprensa feminina e feminista no Brasil: dicionário ilustrado. v. 1, Século XIX. Belo Horizonte, Brazil: Autêntica, 2016. 1 v.: bibl., ill. This work provides an encyclopedic listing and descriptions, with images, of feminine and feminist press in 19th-century Brazil. Useful for an overview of the available journals. The titles are organized in chronological order by year of publication. [MAM] Escravidão e capitalismo histórico no século XIX: Cuba, Brasil e Estados Unidos. See item 233.

1180 Escravidão e cultura Afro-Brasileira: temas e problemas em torno da obra de Robert Slenes. Organização de Gladys Sabina Ribeiro et al. Campinas, Brazil: Editora de Unicamp, 2016. 455 p.: bibl., ill. This volume compiles a set of essays in honor of Robert Slenes by some of the most important historians of Afro-Brazilian society and culture teaching in Brazil today.

286 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 The five sections are A África no Brasil, Família, Rebeldia e Tráfico, Abolição, and Visões da História. [MAM]

1181 Ferreira, Lusirene Celestino França. Nas asas da imprensa: a repercussão da abolição da escravatura na província do Ceará nos periódicos do Rio de Janeiro, 1884–1885. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Multifoco, 2013. 161 p.: bibl. This brief but noteworthy study looks at the decade before abolition in Rio de Janeiro through the way that Carioca newspapers covered abolition in Ceará. [MAM] 1182 Fonseca, Silvia Carla Pereira de Brito. A ideia de República no Império do Brasil: Rio de Janeiro e Pernambuco (1824– 1834). Jundiaí, Brazil: Paco Editorial, 2016. 414 p.: bibl. Based on official correspondence, newspapers, and pamphlets, this study discusses ideas about how the Brazilian government should be organized in the years after independence in 1822. [MAM] 1183 Gambi, Thiago Fontelas Rosado. O banco da Ordem: política e fi nanças no Império brasileiro (1853–1866). São Paulo: Alameda, 2015. 546 p.: bibl., ill. This accessible history of the second bank of Brazil is based on extensive primary sources. [MAM] 1184 Goodwin Junior, James William. Cidades de papel: imprensa, progresso e tradição: Diamantina e Juiz de Fora, MG (1884–1914). Belo Horizonte, Brazil: Fino Traço Editora, 2015. 462 p.: bibl., ill. (Coleção História; 51) Based on the reading of turn-of-thecentury newspapers, the author argues that journalists used the pages of their periodicals to push for the type of urban society they wished to see—modern and clean, among other things. [MAM] 1185 Goularti Filho, Alcides. Agências e linhas dos correios na integração do território catarinense no século XIX. (Estud. Econ./São Paulo, 47:2, abril/junho 2017, p. 395–428, bibl., graphs, maps, tables) This valuable essay discusses the 19th-century expansion of postal services in Santa Catarina state, with maps, based on annual reports, laws, and newspaper accounts. [MAM]

1186 Kämpf, Martin Normann. Ilha da Trindade: a ocupação britânica e o reconhecimento da soberania brasileira (1895–1896). Brasília: Fundação Alexandre de Gusmão, 2016. 221 p.: bibl. (Coleção Relações internacionais) This work presents a history of the diplomatic confl ict between Brazil and Great Britain over the latter’s occupation of the island of Trindade off the coast of Espiritu Santo state in 1895 and 1896. The situation successfully resolved in Brazil’s favor. [MAM] 1187 Machado, Humberto Fernandes. Palavras e brados: José do Patrocínio e a imprensa abolicionista do Rio de Janeiro. Niterói, Brazil: Editora da UFF, 2014. 303 p.: bibl., ill. This study examines the abolitionist press in Rio de Janeiro and its role in publicizing the complaints of the enslaved peoples in the last decades of enslavement in Brazil. [MAM] 1188 Mamigonian, Beatriz Gallotti. Africanos livres: a abolição do tráfico de escravos no Brasil. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2017. 625 p.: bibl., facsimiles, ill., index, maps. This long-awaited, important work examines the experiences of the illegally enslaved men and women who were “rescued” from slave ships and “freed” in Brazil. The book includes extensive appendices of individuals and a bibliography of primary and secondary sources. [MAM] Mantovani, Rafael Leite. Modernizar a ordem em nome da saúde: a São Paulo de militares, pobres e escravos (1805–1840). See item 1115.

1189 Mauad, Ana Maria and Itan Cruz Ramos. Fotografias de família e os itinerários da intimidade na história. (Acervo/ Rio de Janeiro, 30:1, jan./junho 2017, p. 155–178, bibl., ill., photos) This article explores the history of a well-to-do family through hundreds of photographs. The authors discuss visual culture as a mechanism for historical research. [MAM] 1190 Molina, Sandra Rita. A morte da tradição: a Ordem do Carmo e os escravos da Santa contra o Império do Brasil

History: Brazil: Empire to Republic / 287 (1850–1889). Jundiaí, Brazil: Paco Editorial, 2016. 418 p.: bibl., ill. This deeply researched, important study examines the rarely discussed relationship between religious orders—in this case the Carmelites—and their enslaved property in the decades after 1850. [MAM]

1191 Mondoni, Daniel. Os expulsos voltaram: os jesuítas novamente no Brasil (1842–1874). São Paulo: Edições Loyola, 2014. 100 p.: bibl. Very brief, but rarely explored, discussion of the return of the Jesuit order to Brazil, based on some research in Vatican sources. [MAM] 1192 Monsma, Karl. A reprodução do racismo: fazendeiros, negros e imigrantes no oeste paulista, 1880–1914. São Carlos, Brazil: EdUFSCar, 2016. 366 p.: bibl. (Coleção Nossa história) This important book focuses on the quotidian experiences of freed slaves and European immigrants in the coffee districts of the Paulista west in the years immediately after the abolition of slavery in Brazil. Rather than emphasizing what elites thought, the author delves into criminal cases and manuscript census records to examine the relationships between freed men and women and immigrants. In doing so, he looks at the ways in which Italian and Portuguese immigrants came to see themselves as superior to their Afro-Brazilian neighbors and coworkers. [MAM] 1193 O mundo do trabalho nas páginas das revistas ilustradas. Organização de Andréa Casa Nova Maia. Textos de Amy Chazkel et al. Rio de Janeiro: 7Letras, 2015. 284 p.: bibl., ill. This collection of essays by scholars and graduate students addresses the political, social, and cultural commentary— much of it humorous—about the changes occurring in the labor market in Rio and São Paulo during the Old Republic, as seen in the illustrations found in Brazilian magazines. [MAM] 1194 Needell, Jeffrey D. The sacred cause: the abolitionist movement, AfroBrazilian mobilization, and imperial politics in Rio de Janeiro. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2019. 361 p.: bibl., index.

Sacred Cause is a magisterial study of the process of abolition from both above and below that demonstrates the importance of Afro-Brazilians and particularly André Rebouças in the abolition movement. [MAM]

1195 Negreiros, Adriana. Maria Bonita: sexo, violência e mulheres no cangaço. Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, 2018. 293 p.: bibl., ill., index. In this readable account based on newspapers, fi lm clips, interviews, and published secondary sources, an established journalist explores the horrific violence that the women of the cangaceiros suffered at the hands of the men in the group. [MAM] 1196 Pinheiro, Maria Luiza Ugarte. Folhas do Norte: letramento e periodismo no Amazonas (1880–1920). Manaus, Brazil: EDUA, Editora da Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2015. 348 p.: bibl., ill. This study explores the expansion of Portuguese language literacy in Amazonas as tied to the development of the press in that region. The author discusses gossip “rags” and more formal newspapers and magazines, including women’s magazines, labor news, and humor. She also briefly addresses the repression and forced education of Indigenous people in Portuguese language and customs. [MAM] 1197 Pinho, José Ricardo Moreno. Açambarcadores e famélicos: fome, carestia e confl itos em Salvador (1858 a 1878). Salvador, Brazil: Selo Editorial Castro Alves, Câmara Municipal de Salvador: Universalis Edições, EDUNEB, 2016. 353 p.: bibl., ill. This study examines the market for domestic consumables in Bahia’s capital, Salvador, including popular resistance to food scarcity and high prices in the mid19th century. [MAM] 1198 Quevedo, Éverton Reis. “Uma mão protetora que os desvie do abismo”: Sociedade Portuguesa de Beneficência de Porto Alegre e seu hospital (1854–1904). São Leopoldo, Brazil: Oikos Editora, 2016. 298 p.: bibl., ill. (Coleção Estudos Históricos Latino-Americanos; 26) This history of the hospital of the Sociedade Portuguesa de Beneficência de Porto Alegre is based on extensive primary and secondary sources. Topics covered include

288 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 architecture, staffing, patients, and funding, among others. [MAM]

1199 Rascke, Karla Leandro. Irmandades negras: memórias da diáspora no sul do Brasil. Curitiba, Brazil: Appris Editora, 2016. 322 p.: bibl., ill. (Coleção Ciências sociais) This study expands our understanding of the formation of Black religious brotherhoods by examining the documentation of the Irmandade Beneficente Nossa Senhora do Rosário e São Benedito in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, in the extreme south of Brazil. [MAM] Rascunhos cativos: educação, escolas e ensino no Brasil escravista. See item 1141.

1200 Ré, Henrique Antonio. “Missão nos Brasis”: a BFASS e a organização de uma missão abolicionista secreta ao Brasil no início da década de 1840. (Rev. Hist./São Paulo, 174, primeiro semestre 2016, p. 69– 100, bibl.) This article argues that the British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society organized a secret mission to Brazil in 1839 to gather documentation on the horrors of slavery and to create abolitionist propaganda. [MAM] 1201 Reis, João José. De escravo a rico liberto: a trajetória do africano Manoel Joaquim Ricardo na Bahia oitocentista. (Rev. Hist./São Paulo, 174, primeiro semestre 2016, p. 15–68, bibl.) This captivating article by an important historian explores the life of one African man through “the concept of ladinization as a tool to understand the life experience of Africans” in early 19th-century Bahia. [MAM] 1202 Rodrigues, Marinete Aparecida Zacharias. Mulheres, violência e justiça no século XIX. Jundiaí, Brazil: Paco Editorial, 2016. 250 p.: bibl. This study of women as both perpetrators and victims of crime—based on examples from Mato Grosso—reveals the sexism of the Brazilian justice system in the 19th century. [MAM] 1203 Silva, Fábio Teixeira da et al. “Pós de doliarina e ferro”: um dos remédios importantes da Farmácia Peckolt. (Hist.

Ciênc. Saúde Manguinhos, 22:4, out./dez. 2015, p. 1427–1439, bibl., ill.) This study in a major Brazilian journal on the history of medicine and science discusses 19th-century research on the use of tropical plants and trees for medical application to Brazilian diseases. The focus is on the treatment for hookworm used by the Peckolt Pharmacy. [MAM]

1204 Silva, Maciel Henrique. Nem Mãe Preta, nem Negra Fulô: histórias de trabalhadoras domésticas em Recife e Salvador (1870–1910). Jundiaí, Brazil: Paco Editorial, 2016. 414 p.: bibl. Based on the author’s PhD dissertation at the Universidade Federal da Bahia, this book places household employees within the historiography of labor history in Brazil on the basis of extensive primary source research in the Santa Casa da Misericordia documents, as well as in consultation with newspapers, criminal cases, and other sources. [MAM] 1205 Sochaczewski, Monique. Do Rio de Janeiro a Istambul: contrastes e conexões entre o Brasil e o Império Otomano (1850–1919). Brasília: Fundação Alexandre de Gusmão, 2017. 331 p.: bibl., ill. (some color). (Coleção Relações internacionais) This compelling study analyzes the formal and informal relations between Brazil and the Ottoman Empire in the latter part of the 19th century, as Europe was expanding, based largely on correspondence between Brazilian diplomats and their counterparts in Europe. [MAM] 1206 Staudt Moreira, Paulo Roberto and Caiuá Cardoso Al-Alam. “Já que a desgraça assim queria” um feiticeiro foi sacrificado: curandeirismo, etnicidade e hierarquias sociais (Pelotas—RS, 1879). (AfroAsia/Salvador, 47, 2013, p. 119–159) This fascinating essay explores the belief systems of enslaved and free people of African descent in 19th-century Pernambuco. [MAM] 1207 Territórios ao sul: escravidão, escritas e fronteiras coloniais e pós-coloniais na América. Organização de María Verónica Secreto e Flávio dos Santos Gomes. Textos de Alejandro Gortázar et al. Rio de Janeiro: 7Letras, 2017. 231 p.: ill., map.

History: Brazil: Empire to Republic / 289 This collection of essays by 14 historians explores enslavement in southern Brazil, Argentina, Ecuador, Venezuela, and Paraguay. The authors make interesting comparisons among cases in South America. [MAM]

1208 Valencia Villa, Carlos Eduardo. Ao longo daquelas ruas: a economia dos negros livres em Richmond e Rio de Janeiro, 1840–1860. Jundiaí, Brazil: Paco Editorial, 2016. 397 p.: bibl., ill., maps. One of the few studies of enslavement in Brazil to focus on comparative economic history, this examination of the free Black workers in the “port” cities of Rio de Janeiro and Richmond, Virginia, in the years prior

to the US Civil War utilizes GIS technology to visualize the statistics derived from research in notary offices and commercial newspapers. [MAM]

1209 Wilcox, Robert W. Cattle in the backlands: Mato Grosso and the evolution of ranching in the Brazilian tropics. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2017. 323 p.: bibl., ill., index. This monograph addresses both the political economy of ranching and the day-to-day experiences of ranch laborers in Mato Grosso from their earliest days to 1914. The work is a welcome addition to Brazilian historiography on the nation’s interior. [MAM]

LITERATURE SPANISH AMERICA Colonial Period AMBER BRIAN, Associate Professor of Spanish and Portuguese, University of Iowa

THE PUBLICATIONS from 2015 to 2019 reviewed for this HLAS volume include monographs, edited volumes, and critical editions published in Spanish and English in Latin America, the US, and Europe. As a whole, they are representative of two prominent trends in the field: new approaches to established objects of study and new paths for research through newly discovered materials. There is continued interest in canonical texts, such as Inca Garcilaso de la Vega’s Comentarios reales de los incas (Lisbon, 1609) (item 1212), and new attention to understudied materials, such as a series of Native-language grammars from the northern reaches of colonial Mexico. Three thematic trends are evident in recent scholarly studies: the survival of Native cultures and traditions; discussions of race; and memory and the art of memory. The critical editions provide robust examinations of the texts, so much so that they could be described as primarily scholarly studies. The volumes of collected essays tend to be structured around either national literatures or broad themes. Among the publications deserving of readers’ attention is Rosío del Carmen Molina Landeros’ rigorously prepared study of Native-language grammars from northeastern New Spain, Gramáticas jesuíticas del noroeste novohispano (siglos XVII–XVIII) (item 1225). The work examines 17th- and 18th-century artes de la lengua, or linguistic grammars, of Cahitan, Tarahumara, Tepehuan, Eudeve, and Teguima authored by Jesuit missionaries. These five languages are part of the Uto-Aztecan language family, of which Nahuatl is also a member. Molina Landeros, however, notes that in the descriptions and analyses of the languages found in these grammars the authors did not follow the Jesuit Horacio Carochi’s Nahuatl grammar, Arte de la lengua mexicana (Mexico City, 1645), so much as they followed models more closely based on Latin grammars, specifically the fi rst Spanish grammar, Antonio de Nebrija’s 1492 Arte de la lengua castellana. As the author notes, missionaries used the grammars for language instruction, and in this context, the intention was to support the evangelical mission. Through close and comparative readings of the five grammars and the paratexts accompanying them, Molina Landeros’ study illuminates not only aspects of these languages, but also how the colonial-era study of the languages must be understood as part of a colonial discourse. Two examples of studies that probe the ways in which Native cultures and traditions survived the violence of colonization are Rocío Quispe-Agnoli’s Nobles

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de papel: identidades oscilantes y genealogías borrosas en los descendientes de la realeza inca (item 1217) and Leisa Kauffmann’s The Legacy of Rulership in Fernando de Alva Ixtlilxochitl’s Historia de la nación chichimeca (item 1215). Quispe-Agnoli’s study of a collection of documents amassed by a native Andean family provides an example of the stalwart efforts of Indigenous peoples to maintain their own family and community histories amidst centuries of colonial rule and subjugation. She examines materials that were used by members of the Uchu Túpac Yupanqui family to support a legal case in Mexico City which further highlights both the dispersion and fragmentation of colonial archives and the ways in which those materials point to the survival of Native traditions, be they family, community, or ethnic, in the face of loss and displacement. Kauffmann’s meticulous study of Fernando de Alva Ixtlilxochitl’s Historia de la nación chichimeca provides novel insights into the author’s work. She demonstrates how the 17thcentury chronicler from Tetzcoco draws from and incorporates elements of Nahua traditions and beliefs. Though Kauffmann recognizes that Alva Ixtlilxochitl was conversant in European historiography, she brings to her study of his writings a sustained and illuminating analysis of the Nahua features of the history he wrote, showing us how in the Hispano-Catholic colonial context, Native cultural traditions and beliefs persisted. Two topics of note that appear in these publications are race and memory. Daniel Nemser’s Infrastructures of Race: Concentration and Biopolitics in Colonial Mexico (item 1216) and Lisa Voigt’s Spectacular Wealth: The Festivals of Colonial South American Mining Towns (item 1221) provide examples of renewed attention to questions of race and racialized bodies in recent scholarship. Nemser’s study explores Mexico over three centuries, while Voigt’s study explores two South American mining towns in the latter part of the 17th and fi rst half of the 18th centuries. In both cases, the authors shed new light on well-studied texts and at the same time bring to light understudied materials. Gerardo Ramírez Vidal’s El arte de la memoria en la Rhetorica Christiana de fray Diego de Valadés (item 1218) and Beatriz Gutiérrez Mueller’s La “memoria artificial” en la Historia verdadera de la conquista de la Nueva España, de Bernal Díaz del Castillo (item 1214) focus on memory and the traditions around the art of memory in two 16th-century texts from New Spain. Ramírez Vidal studies Valadés’ work on mnemonics in Nahua culture, while Gutiérrez Mueller looks at the ways in which Bernal Díaz’s Historia verdadera shows signs that the author relied on memoryaiding techniques in order to remember his experiences during the invasion of Mexico-Tenochtitlán beginning in 1519. The scholarly apparatus provided in the editions included here tends to be extraordinarily robust. Verónica Alejandra González Cárdenas’ Historia, literatura y comunicación en la Segunda Carta de Relación de Hernán Cortés al emperador Carlos V (item 1223) includes Cortés’ 1520 letter to Carlos V and additional related materials, which are preceded by a lengthy close reading of the text itself. Odi Gonzales’ Elegía Apu Inka Atawallpaman: primer documento de la resistencia Inka (siglo XVI) (item 1213) includes various renditions of the Quechua poem that decries the death of Atahualpa and extensive analysis of the text, proposed reading of the context in which it was originally produced, as well as its enduring legacy as a document of resistance. Each volume of collected essays situates the study of colonial texts in a different way: as part of a national literary tradition, as in A History of Mexican Literature (item 1224); as examples of dangerous language, as in Palabras de inju-

Literature: Spanish America: Colonial: Individual Studies / 293

ria y expresiones de disenso (item 1227); or, as part of a study of the esthetic and political qualities of different forms of narrative, as in Narrativas en vilo: entre la estética y la política (item 1229). The essay “Narrativas humanitarias y colonialidad: retrospectiva de Médicos sin Fronteras a Las Casas,” a contribution by Luis Fernando Restrepo to this last volume, highlights the relevance of studies of the colonial period to understanding the lasting and continued impacts of colonialism. Restrepo takes a critical look at humanitarian interventions, such as those undertaken by the international humanitarian medical NGO Doctors Without Borders, and the ways in which the discourses used around such efforts risk reinforcing Western hegemony and imperialism. Looking at foundational works, beginning with Bartolomé de las Casas’ Brevísima relación de la destrucción de las Indias (1552), which are associated with the history of human rights, Restrepo points out how narratives of humanitarian work, while intending to undermine imperial violence, in fact continue to enact coloniality. The aforementioned works underline the foundational role of colonial texts to studies of national literary traditions and to the lasting impact of colonialism itself. These works continue to model the central importance of interdisciplinary research to the field of colonial studies and point to the need to continue to search for new materials, bring those and understudied texts to the attention of fellow scholars and students, and also return to known texts with a fresh lens. The colonial period offers a treasure trove of primary materials and secondary studies that shed light on early modern processes of cultural interaction, imperialism, and resistance that are foundational to other periods of Latin American literary and cultural production. Additionally, as Restrepo reminds us, colonialism is not restricted to the colonial period, and the study of materials from that period can help enlighten our understanding of our contemporary cultures and societies. INDIVIDUAL STUDIES

1210 Costilla Martínez, Héctor Alejandro and Francisco Ramírez Santacruz. Historia adoptada, historia adaptada: la crónica mestiza del México colonial. Madrid: Iberoamericana; Frankfurt am Main: Vervuert, 2019. 127 p.: bibl., ill. (some color). (Parecos y australes: ensayos de cultura de la colonia; 24) This study by two Mexican scholars explores the writings of four colonial authors with ties to Indigenous communities in Mexico who, adopting and adapting native and European histories, wrote about the Indigenous past in 16th- and 17th-century New Spain. Diego Muñoz Camargo, the son of a Spanish settler and a woman from Tlaxcala, produced foundational historical narratives about his mother’s homeland. Hernando Alvarado Tezozomoc, descendant of illustrious figures from MexicoTenochtitlán, wrote about those ancestors and the history of the great city on the lake. Domingo Chimalpahin, the Native histo-

rian from Chalco, wrote histories and annals in Nahuatl about the prehispanic past and the colonial present. Fernando de Alva Ixtlilxochitl, offspring of Spanish settlers and Indigenous elite from Tetzcoco, praised the deeds of those esteemed ancestors in his histories about the Native past. For ethnohistorians’ comment, see item 76.

1211 Díaz Balsera, Viviana. Guardians of idolatry: gods, demons, and priests in Hernando Ruiz de Alarcón’s treatise on the heathen superstitions. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2018. 209 p.: bibl., index. Brother of the Spanish Golden Age playwright Juan Ruiz de Alarcón, Hernando Ruiz de Alarcón was a priest in New Spain who wrote a bilingual (Nahuatl and Spanish) treatise in 1629 on the usurpation of idolatry. In this careful study of the text, Díaz Balsera reads the treatise against the grain to identify in it evidence of surviving Native cosmogonies in Ruiz de Alarcón’s descriptions of more than 60 nahualtocaitl, or incantations, used by Nahuas to address a

294 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 range of nonhuman Mesoamerican powers. Díaz Balsera focuses on four nahualtocaitl: for safe travel, maguey sap harvesting, bow-and-arrow deer hunting, and divination through maize kernels.

1212 Fuerst, James William. New World postcolonial: the political thought of Inca Garcilaso de la Vega. Pittsburgh, Pa.: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2018. 322 p.: bibl., index. (Illuminations: cultural formations of the Americas series) Inca Garcilaso de la Vega (1539–1616) is perhaps the best known and most studied colonial-era author of Indigenous ancestry. This innovative new study approaches the author as a political thinker who was in dialogue with intellectual traditions in the Andes and Europe. Fuerst maintains his focus on Inca Garcilaso as a mestizo author, engaged simultaneously in two distinct discourses, as he draws the reader’s attention to the ways in which the Native of Cuzco was attentive to Renaissance political theory and Andean political concepts, thus providing new paths for interpreting his work. 1213 Gonzales, Odi. Elegía Apu Inka Atawallpaman: primer documento de la resistencia Inka (siglo XVI). Lima: Pakarina, 2014. 173 p.: bibl., ill. (Biblioteca Qillqakuna; 8) This volume presents a study of “Apu Inka Atawallpaman,” a Quechua poem, about whose origins little is known, which decries the death of the last Inca leader, Atahualpa, in Cajamarca in 1533. Gonzales, after surveying previous studies of the poem and its impact on artists and writers, proposes that the poem was written in the latter part of the 16th century, when memories of the events were still fresh but yet at some historical remove. Based on this analysis, Gonzales asserts that this poem should be read as the fi rst document of Inca resistance to Spanish colonialism. 1214 Gutiérrez Mueller, Beatriz. La “memoria artificial” en la Historia verdadera de la conquista de la Nueva España, de Bernal Díaz del Castillo. Puebla, Mexico: Universidad Iberoamericana Puebla; Ciudad de México: Universidad Iberoamericana, A.C.; Jalisco, Mexico: Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Occidente; Puebla, Mexico: Benemérita Universidad Autó-

noma de Puebla, 2018. 146 p.: bibl. (Lupus inquisitor) This book focuses on the widely read and studied narrative by Bernal Díaz del Castillo, the foot soldier who participated in Hernán Cortés’ expedition to Mexico in 1519. Written many decades after the events, the True History of the Conquest of New Spain represents a richly detailed rendition of the Spanish experience from the perspective of a common man, rather than the ego-driven version found in Cortés’ Second Letter of Relation (see item 1223). Engaging with classical traditions, Renaissance humanist practices, and the contemporary historical context, Gutiérrez Mueller’s study looks closely at questions of memory in the text and how Bernal Díaz availed himself of memory techniques to register his experiences, even decades afterward.

1215 Kauffmann, Leisa A. The legacy of rulership in Fernando de Alva Ixtlilxochitl’s Historia de la nación chichimeca. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2019. 282 p.: bibl., ill., index, map. Don Fernando de Alva Ixtlilxóchitl (ca. 1578–1650), a 17th-century historian of ancient Mexico who descended from Indigenous elite and Spanish settlers, demonstrated in his writings a knowledge of Nahua and European histories and historiographical traditions. His primary focus was the home of his ancestors, the central Mexican city of Tetzcoco (Texcoco), which was one of the three key political centers in prehispanic Mexico along with Tenochtitlán and Tlacopan. Together this so-called Triple Alliance ruled large swaths of what is today Mexico. Kauffmann’s rigorous study of Alva Ixtlilxóchitl’s magnum opus, The History of the Chichimeca Nation, illuminates how rulership is represented, specifically in ways that register Native traditions and beliefs. Lo múltiple y lo singular: diversidad de perspectivas en las crónicas de la Nueva España. See item 97. Mazzotti, José Antonio. Lima fundida: épica y nación criolla en el Perú. See item 803. Mudables representaciones: el indio en la Nueva España a través de crónicas, impresos y manuscritos. See item 104.

Literature: Spanish America: Colonial: Individual Studies / 295

1216 Nemser, Daniel. Infrastructures of race: concentration and biopolitics in colonial Mexico. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2017. 221 p.: bibl., ill., index. (Border Hispanisms) This study explores the connections between emerging notions of race and the practices of concentration of individuals and groups in colonial Mexico. Over four chapters that look at the practice of the congregación, an institution of education for mestizos, the 1692 social unrest in Mexico City, and an 18th-century botanical garden, Nemser explores how the concentration of bodies was intimately connected to race. The author’s analysis of race—specifically related to Indigenous subjects—as studied through the intersection of social categories and the exertion of power and authority by institutions, asks the reader to complicate some of the ways in which the topic has historically been addressed. 1217 Quispe-Agnoli, Rocío. Nobles de papel: identidades oscilantes y genealogías borrosas en los descendientes de la realeza inca. Madrid: Iberoamericana; Frankfurt am Main: Vervuert, 2016. 264 p.: bibl., ill., index, map. (Tiempo emulado; 42) This study by a senior Andeanist takes as its point of departure a collection of documents found in the Archivo General de Indias in Seville know as México 2346, which represent 400 folios of manuscript documents collected, copied, and produced for a legal petition made by doña María Joaquina Inca in the late 18th century from her new home in Mexico City. These materials represent the efforts of an Andean family of royal Inca lineage who sought recognition of their position by the king. Quispe-Agnoli details the history and nature of the documents and with them paints a compelling picture of racial and class identity as well as power dynamics in the colonial world. For ethnohistorian’s comment, see HLAS 74:297. 1218 Ramírez Vidal, Gerardo. El arte de la memoria en la Rhetorica Christiana de fray Diego Valadés. Ciudad de México: UNAM, 2016. 342 p.: bibl., ill. Fray Diego de Valadés was a Franciscan friar, believed by many to have been

born in Mexico and possibly a mestizo, who in 1579 published in Perugia Rhetorica Christiana, a Latin work that provides accounts of Nahua culture and customs and includes 25 meticulous copperplate engravings also prepared by the author. This work has attracted greater scholarly attention in the past decades. After surveying the existing studies, Ramírez Vidal contributes innovative analyses to discussions of the text by focusing on the question of memory. Native mnemonics are a topic that Valadés addresses in Rhetorica Christiana, and Ramírez Vidal offers a detailed study of how the 16th-century author represented the art of memory in text and image.

1219 Ruiz Bañuls, Mónica. Literatura y moral en el México virreinal: la presencia prehispánica en los discursos de la evangelización. Alicante, Spain: Instituto Alicantino de Cultura Juan Gil-Albert, 2013. 171 p. (Antología del pensamiento hispanoamericano; 15) This book represents a study by a Spanish scholar of the Nahuatl huehuetlatolli, or sayings of the Nahua elders, which were registered in alphabetic form in the 16th century. Dialoguing with previous studies, the author explores how these prehispanic orations were captured in Roman script by missionary friars during the evangelical process and in this way they are impacted by that discursive context. Ruiz Bañuls additionally studies the way in which huehuetlatolli are registered in other colonial texts, such as the Rhetorica Cristiana (1579) by Diego de Valadés (see item 1218). 1220 Valenzuela Matus, Carolina. Grecia y Roma en el Nuevo Mundo: la recepción de la antigüedad clásica en cronistas y evangelizadores del siglo XVI americano. Barcelona: Ediciones Rubeo, 2016. 293 p. (Colección Biblioteca de cultura ibérica) Engaging with Anglophone and Hispanophone scholars who have studied the reception of European antiquity in colonial Latin America, Valenzuela Matus expands on earlier scholarship of the impact of the classical tradition in the writings of 16thcentury chroniclers and evangelizers such as Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo, Bartolomé de las Casas, Bernardino de Sahagún, Jerón-

296 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 imo de Mendieta, and José de Acosta. This study provides a careful survey of the embedded references—implicit and explicit—in their representations of geography, flora, fauna, and myths and traditions of Indigenous societies to writers such as Pliny, Virgil, Plutarch, and Lucan.

diary, which is found in a manuscript in the Benson Latin American Collection at the University of Texas at Austin, is in the form of a poem, having been versified by the Marquesa’s secretary. Filled with emotive language, the text provides a compelling account of her travels.

1221 Voigt, Lisa. Spectacular wealth: the festivals of colonial South American mining towns. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2016. 225 p.: bibl., index. Focusing on public festivals and the textual legacy of those events in the major colonial mining towns of Potosí and Minas Gerais, this book connects print culture and performance and represents a major contribution to the comparative study of Spanish and Portuguese empires. Expanding on previous studies of festive events, in the fi rst part of her study, Voigt provides an innovative analysis of the Creole Bartolomé de Arzáns de Orsúa y Vela’s Historia de la villa imperial de Potosí, which documents three celebrations in the 17th and early 18th centuries, and a detailed study of two 18th-century accounts of festivals in Minas Gerais, Brazil. In the second part of the study, she draws on these materials and more to interrogate representations of racialized bodies in these accounts of public festivals.

1223 González Cárdenas, Verónica Alejandra. Historia, literatura y comunicación en la Segunda Carta de Relación de Hernán Cortés al Emperador Carlos V. Colima, Mexico: Universidad de Colima, 2015. 334 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección de perfi l) This book presents a study and an edition of Hernán Cortés’ Second Letter of Relation, written in 1520 after his fi rst stay in Mexico-Tenochtitlán followed by his expulsion from the city on the lake. González Cárdenas offers a comprehensive analysis of the foundational text by the conquistador, looking at questions of rhetoric, genre, discourse, and the mythic images generated by Cortés’ letter to Carlos V. Given the breadth of the study accompanied by the letter itself, this is an especially useful edition of the text for students.

TEXTS, EDITIONS, ANTHOLOGIES

1222 Ahumada y Vera, Luisa María del Rosario. Diario de viaje de Cádiz a México. Codirección por Clara Ramírez y Claudia Llanos. Selección y edición e introducción por Claudia Llanos. Ciudad de México: UNAM, Instituto de Investigaciones sobre la Universidad y la Educación, 2016. 75 p.: index. (Colección Escritos de mujeres siglos XVI al XVIII; IV) This slim volume presents the diary of a Spanish noblewoman, the Marquesa de las Amarillas, who documented her travels between August and November of 1755 from the port of Cádiz to Mexico City, where her husband Agustín de Ahumada y Villalón assumed the position of viceroy. She resided in Mexico City until her husband’s death in 1760. This book is part of a series of publications dedicated to writings by women between the 16th and 18th centuries. The

1224 A history of Mexican literature. Edited by Ignacio M. Sánchez Prado, Anna M. Nogar, and José Ramón Ruisánchez Serra. New York, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press, 2016. 448 p.: bibl., index. This edited volume of 28 essays surveys the history of Mexican literature from the early colonial period through the 21st century, covering canonical authors at each stage as well as other examples of cultural expression, such as cinema and telenovelas. Seven chapters are dedicated to colonial literature, six to the 19th century, 10 to the 20th and 21st centuries, and four to what the editors describe as “Mexican literature beyond boundaries.” The early essays provide a comprehensive overview of key authors, such as Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz and Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora, as well as key topics, such as early print culture, the genre of the chronicle, theater, the Enlightenment, and empire. 1225 Molina Landeros, Rosío del Carmen. Gramáticas jesuíticas del noroeste novohispano (siglos XVII-XVIII). Mexicali, Mexico: Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, 2016. 386 p: bibl., ill., map.

Literature: Spanish America: Colonial: Texts, Editions, Anthologies / 297 Grammars, known as Artes de la lengua, of native languages were common throughout the Americas as they were part of the evangelical mission in which Catholic religious missionaries sought to teach Natives in their own tongues. Not only do these manuals provide information about Indigenous languages and cultures, but they also point to efforts to control language and discourse, as Molina Landeros points out in this fascinating study of five Jesuit grammars of lesser-known languages from the northern reaches of the Viceroyalty of New Spain. In this careful comparative study, the author demonstrates how these grammars follow a model inspired by Latin grammars in their presentation of the languages much more than the model of other nativelanguage grammars, such as the Jesuit Horacio Carochi’s Náhuatl grammar printed in Mexico City, Arte de la lengua mexicana (1645; see HLAS 45:1508).

1226 Oro y plomo en las Indias: los tornaviajes de la escritura virreinal. Edición de Antonio Cano Ginés y Carlos Brito Díaz. Madrid: Iberoamericana; Frankfurt am Main: Vervuert, 2017. 264 p.: bibl., ill. (Parecos y australes: ensayos de cultura de la colonia; 19) This collection of 12 essays focuses on travels from Europe to the Canary Islands to the Americas and back again, emphasizing the fundamentally heterogenous nature of accounts that were produced as part of the movement to and fro. “Atlanticity” (“atlanticidad”), as it is articulated by the Canarian writer and scholar JuanManuel García Ramos, is a touchstone for the critical approach assumed by the contributors. The chapters take up objects of study that range from Columbus’ writings to 21st-century fi lms over the course of six sections that address “writing and discovery,” “flows and interflows,” “reinventions,” “women in the Indies,” “the Canaries in the Americas,” and “other languages.” 1227 Palabras de injuria y expresiones de disenso: en lenguaje licencioso en Iberoamérica. Coordinación de Claudia Carranza Vera y Rafael Castañeda García. San Luis Potosí, Mexico: El Colegio de San Luis, 2016. 531 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Investigaciones)

This fascinating edited collection of 19 essays addresses the use of what could be broadly described as offensive speech, that is, language that transgresses discursive norms, which could be defi ned as invective, swearing, blasphemy, and slander. The chapters cover a wide range of materials from well-known authors and texts such as Juan Rodríguez Freile’s El Carnero and Felipe Guamán Poma de Ayala’s Primer Nueva Corónica y Buen Gobierno to lesser-known poems and inquisitorial documents from all regions of the Spanish and Portuguese New World territories in the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries. Each chapter sheds light on this fruitful area of study and underlines how language is inevitably a barometer of how social hierarchies are maintained and challenged.

1228 Peña, Margarita. Desde la Nueva España: autores y textos (siglos XVI– XVIII). Ciudad de México: Coordinación de Humanidades; Programa Editorial, UNAM, 2016. 510 p.: bibl. (Estudios de cultura iberoamericana colonial) This wide-ranging study by senior Mexican scholar Margarita Peña looks at foundational writers and literary figures in New Spain, present-day Mexico, from the 16th through the 18th centuries. The chapters address canonical authors such as Francisco Cervantes de Salazar, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, and Servando Teresa de Mier as well as less well-known figures such as the playwright Fernando de Zárate Castronovo and the 18th-century nun from Oaxaca Coleta de San José. Each rigorous and insightful chapter is followed by a bibliography and can stand alone, but the greatest strength of the volume is the comprehensive, chronological analysis of the development of lettered culture in New Spain. 1229 Seminario Internacional de Narrativas, 2nd, Universidad EAFIT, 2014. Narrativas en vilo: entre la estética y la política. Edición de Clemencia Ardila, Luis Fernando Restrepo y Sergio Villalobos Ruminott. Textos de Jorge Iván Bonilla et al. Medellín, Colombia: Fondo Editorial Universidad EAFIT, 2016. 229 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Académica) This edited volume addresses the question of narrative in Latin American

298 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 literature, history, and journalism. It is the product of the second Seminario Internacional de Narrativas, a conference held in 2014 in Medellín, Colombia. Given that the contributors set out to explore the meaning and form of narrative broadly, there is a wide range of material studied in the 11 chapters, from Bartolomé de las Casas to contemporary fiction. Though there are echoes of

colonialism and coloniality in numerous chapters, of special interest to students and scholars of the colonial period and its insidious legacies are the chapters by Restrepo on humanitarian narratives from Las Casas to the present and Londoño Tamayo on an 18th-century play produced in the Kingdom of New Granada (Colombia).

21st Century Prose Fiction Mexico RYAN LONG , Associate Professor of Spanish, University of Maryland

RECENT MEXICAN FICTION showcases the literary form’s versatility. The outstanding novels from the past four or five years approach an impressive range of topics. The narrator of Margo Glantz’s Por breve herida (item 1245) makes surprising connections among memory, mind, and body through her deep interests in the painter Francis Bacon and in teeth and dentistry. Fernanda Melchor’s Temporada de huracanes (item 1260) presents a single murder as a symptom of a viciously dehumanized economic and social structure. Las tierras arrasadas (item 1263), by Emiliano Monge, portrays the human trafficking of Central American migrants as a hellish business enterprise. In Lost Children Archive (item 1254), Valeria Luiselli underscores the violence of territoriality by placing the vulnerability of present-day child migrants alongside the injustices of Geronimo’s fi nal days. Piscinas verticales: (o la bruma un hábitat sustentable) (item 1272), by Gabriela Torres Olivares, fictionalizes Kathy Acker’s efforts to heal herself through alternative medicine in Tijuana. Juan Pablo Villalobos’ No voy a pedirle a nadie que me crea (item 1276) develops a humorous perspective on crime and comparative literature in order to reach an ironic conclusion about self-understanding. In Apreciable señor Wittgenstein (item 1230), Adriana Abdó beautifully portrays Georg Trakl’s joys and torments. Mario Bellatin’s Los libros del agrimensor (The Surveyor’s Books) (item 1232) teasingly challenges its readers expectations about a novel’s content. The dynamism of these novels’ formal elements comes from their navigation of the tensions between: writing and evocations of other media, multiple texts and different kinds of texts, shifting points of view, historical referents and invention, and narrative control and the acknowledgment of the limits of a single author or work. Visual art appears strongly in Glantz’s descriptions of paintings by Bacon and in Luiselli’s inclusion of instant photographic images. Bellatin’s novel includes illustrations by his longstanding collaborator Zzu Szkurka. Monge’s novel functions at the limits of fiction and testimonial through its metafictional intertextuality. Photographs and videos also play a central role in Torres Olivares’ interrogation of epistemological foundations and boundaries. Letters, diary entries, and emails help lead Villalobos’ novel from a single voice’s attempt at comprehension to a more successful collective effort. Poetry, diary writing, and scholarship

Literature: 21st Century Prose Fiction: Mexico / 299

are forms and themes that Abdo’s novel employs successfully in its representation of a fictional character’s fascination with an actual writer. Each of Melchor’s eight chapters consists of one paragraph; but different voices emerge clearly from this nearly asphyxiating pattern. Luiselli’s and Melchor’s novels share with recent notable works of fiction a commitment to representing the trauma and abuse that often threaten to defi ne childhood and that, as their consequences simmer for years, test or irreparably damage connections among family members within and across generations. The work of autofiction by Emiliano Monge, No contar todo (item 1261), sheds light on Mexico’s political history, especially 1968 and insurgency, through its recreation of tense conversations that are shaped and distorted by painful secrets and stubborn resentments. The events of 1968 also echo in Guillermo Fadanelli’s coming-of-age novel Al fi nal del periférico (item 1242), which takes place in an outlying Mexico City neighborhood near the canals where Olympic boat races had been held. Fadanelli’s depiction of a struggling lower- to middle-class family expresses frankly, and sometimes tenderly, the ongoing impact of the failed promise of Mexican modernity, which the Games were meant to confi rm. Also set in the 1970s is David Martín del Campo’s novel La niña Frida (item 1257), which creates intrigue around family and national secrets that extend from a painting of Frida Kahlo by Miguel Covarrubias, through the Tlatelolco Massacre, and up to the 1976 government takeover of the daily newspaper Excelsior. Sandra Lorenzano’s novel La estirpe del silencio (item 1253) reaches farther back in time in its exploration of the corrosive effects of abuse, shame, and family secrets. Its narrative gradually explores an enigmatic and meaningful association between the protagonist’s mother, the daughter of a French immigrant who arrived in Mexico just before the Revolution, and the life and death, in 1987, of Rita Hayworth. In the collection of stories titled Los niños están locos (item 1256), Héctor Manjarrez also returns to past decades in his depiction of children and adolescents resisting, internalizing, and mocking the authoritarian tendencies of family members, teachers, and priests. Additional accomplished novels about family include: Joel Flores’ Nunca más su nombre (item 1243), about an adult’s reckoning with his abusive father; Gilma Luque’s Obra negra (item 1255), which focuses on secrets from a female protagonist’s perspective; and the fantastical narrative Paulette Jonguitud develops around mourning and ostracism in Algunas margaritas y sus fantasmas (item 1249). Communication and misunderstandings among family members and friends are guiding themes in Jorge Comensal’s Las mutaciones (item 1238) and Claudina Domingo’s Las enemigas (item 1240). Comensal’s comic novel adopts an ironic perspective on illness, including the brilliant and dark joke of presenting a parrot as a gift to a lawyer who has lost his tongue to cancer. Domingo’s work, a collection of short stories, generally portrays isolated characters who talk their way out of or deeper into their difficulties. In addition to the stories in Domingo’s and Manjarrez’s books, other examples of notable short fiction include two collections of previously published works: the stories in Monica Lavín’s A qué volver: antología personal (item 1251), and the four novellas in Pedro Ángel Palou’s Mar fantasma (item 1266). Lavín’s accomplished visual style enlivens the remarkable range of perspectives in her stories, which cross class and gender boundaries. Palou has mastered the short form by demonstrating how its structural limitations heighten affective and intellectual intensities. The republication of Lavin’s and Palou’s texts in these new collections allows readers to sample less-accessible stories or novellas and reveals the stylistic

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consistencies and evolution of two excellent writers. Additional noteworthy collections of short works include Ignacio Padilla’s posthumously published parables and riddles in Inéditos extraviados (item 1264), Jorge Luis Boone’s vignettes in Figuras humanas (item 1234), and Joaquín-Armando Chacón’s stories in Breve tiempo del imposible (item 1237). Journalism, mass media, and true crime are treated by the period’s best works of fiction. Fernando Lobo’s Friquis (item 1252) satirizes the Mexican culture industry, focusing on pop stardom, tabloids, and reality TV. The corruption and state crimes alluded to in Friquis are fictionalized. More clearly based on historical events, but still fictionalized because of its use of invented names is Vientos de Santa Ana (item 1269), Daniel Salinas Basave’s novel about the unsolved killing of an actual journalist, Héctor Félix Miranda, who was murdered in Tijuana in 1988. Another strongly fictionalized account of an actual crime is Hugo Valdé Manríquez’ El asesinato de Paulina Lee (item 1274), which establishes the investigation of a 1938 murder in Monterrey as a point of departure for examining the challenges facing postrevolutionary Mexico. Jorge Volpi and Enrique Serna have both succeeded in writing very long page-turners in their extraordinarily well researched narratives. Volpi’s Una novela criminal (item 1277) is about television and police complicity in the criminally staged kidnapping case against Florence Cassez and Israel Vallarta, which became an international incident between Mexico and France. In El vendedor de silencio (item 1270), which recounts Carlos Denegri’s rise and fall, Serna portrays misogyny, entitlement, and insidious selfjustifications of violence and emotional cruelty, all from the perpetrator’s point of view. Also compelling and significant for its topic is Diego Petersen Farah’s Casquillos negros (item 1267), about the continuing political implications of the assassination of Cardinal Juan Jesús Posadas in 1993. Crime fiction remains a perennially strong genre in Mexico. Among noteworthy examples are Jorge Alberto Gudiño Hernández’s sequential detective stories, which feature his beat cop protagonist Cipriano Zuzunaga: Tus dos muertos (item 1247) and Siete son tus razones (item 1246). Jorge Volpi’s historical thriller, Tiempos de cenizas (item 1278), presents the intersections of poetry, science, and commerce as essential to understanding the absurdities and disasters of the Cold War.

PROSE FICTION

1230 Abdó, Adriana. Apreciable señor Wittgenstein. Ciudad de México: Tusquets Editores, 2017. 218 p. (Colección Andanzas) Abdó’s marvelous novel imagines a Wittgenstein scholar who, on a visit to Krakow in the mid-2000s, discovers a collection of papers, accompanied by letters in Yiddish, tucked away in the attic of a bookstore. The papers, in German, consist of a long letter that the poet Georg Trakl wrote to Ludwig Wittgenstein. Trakl begins to write the letter just after the battle of Gródek, the subject of his eponymous poem. In it he recounts, in a remarkable mix of

materialism and idealism, episodes spanning the period from his Salzburg childhood to his confi nement following a traumatic breakdown in November 1914, the month he died. Abdó expresses a subtly wrought and intense melancholy. Especially evocative are the descriptions of a day in 1910 that Trakl spent with his sister Gretl in Vienna and of a visit he made to Venice in 1913.

1231 Bellatin, Mario. Bola negra. Ilustraciones de Liniers. Ciudad de México: Sexto Piso, 2017. 1 v. (unpaged): color ill. (Sexto Piso ilustrado) Bellatin’s previously published short story of the same title is beautifully and gro-

Literature: 21st Century: Mexico: Prose Fiction / 301 tesquely rendered in the colorful drawings of the Argentine artist Liniers. In contrast to Bellatin’s other works that include both text and image, such as Jacobo reloaded (HLAS 74:1759), Bola does not juxtapose these elements, but instead combines them in the form of a graphic novel. An introductory text titled “La bola de los sueños insomnes,” situates Bola in relation to many of Bellatin’s preferred themes, including animals, monasticism, utopia, and connections between poverty and psychosis. Consumption, cannibalism, scarcity, ritual, and the trauma of war structure Bola’s narrative, which, loosely, tells the story of a Japanese entomologist and the mysterious transformation of his most remarkable discovery. Bellatin develops the topics of writing about one’s life as if it is being written by someone else and of presenting anew one’s previously published text in a way that leads to the suggestion that cannibalism is a notable and disturbing symbol of transformation and self-sufficiency.

1232 Bellatin, Mario. Los libros del agrimensor = The surveyor’s books. Illustraciones de Zsu Szkurka. Traducción del español de David Schook. Santiago: läguey, 2016. 89 p.: ill. Bellatin frustrates and delights his readers by teasing them with an elusive narrative order that he also challenges them to reject. The tension produced by the desire for and resistance to narrative structure takes the form of a father and son who claim to be surveyors, experts in plotting points and lines, but who are instead of unknown profession, in the case of the father, and a writer, in the case of the son. Appealing to the reader’s desire for content, the narrator shifts abruptly from saying that the son’s work has been forgotten to providing précis of all 104 books that the son has printed and stored on a shelf whose construction he commissioned. These brief descriptions read like points of departure whose tantalizing potential appears to matter more than their realization ever could. Zzu Szkurka’s illustrations resemble drawings of photographs, and thus they intensify Bellatin’s constant shuttling between referent, reference, and invention. 1233 Blum, Liliana V. El monstruo pentápodo. Ciudad de México: Tusquets Editores, 2016. 237 p. (Colección Andanzas)

In the last letter she writes to the jailed father of her daughter—who is also a pedophile, rapist, and murderer—Aimée wonders what kinds of horrors are occurring that she will never know about. Readers of Blum’s stomach-churning novel will ask themselves the same question. Raymundo kidnaps five-year old Cinthia and imprisons her in his basement, eventually raping her, while obliging her to agree to be his sex slave in a scene reminiscent of Kafka’s “Penal Colony.” A man’s desire for the absolute possession of a girl’s body is set alongside Aimée’s refusal to contact the police for months even when she knows what Raymundo is doing to Cinthia. Blum’s skillful juxtaposition of different perspectives and temporalities makes Aimée’s dwarfism—something a lesser writer would bungle—into an important, but not defi ning trait. El monstruo develops its highly flawed characters based on an effective examination of the themes of manipulation, obsession, isolation, loneliness, willful ignorance, and the labyrinths of self-justification and denial.

1234 Boone, Luis Jorge. Figuras humanas. Ciudad de México: Alfaguara, 2016. 306 p.: bibl. Divided into sections titled peace, war, ceasefi re, occupation, civil war, and guerra florida, Boone’s series of vignettes adopt an impressive range of voices to portray feelings of sexual frustration, jealousy, disdain, resentment, generational misunderstanding, loneliness, and satisfaction. By the book’s end, the desire to possess one’s lover gives way to a glimpse of erotic liberation whose evasion of gender politics is in the eye of the beholder. In a story about a daughter asked to write a prologue to her late father’s novel and another about a widower who tries to overcome the impulse to make tea for his absent wife, Figuras humanas depicts negotiating a loved one’s absence as a struggle for self-understanding to be fought with anything but inertia or resignation. Boone develops narrative perspectives from different genders and generations, in fi rst or third person, in a way that embodies the limits of sharing pleasure and comprehension while almost always leaving room for the search for common ground to continue.

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1235 Boullosa, Carmen. El libro de Ana: (Novela karenina). Ciudad de México: Alfaguara, 2016. 266 p. Against the backdrop of the beginnings of the 1905 Revolution in St. Petersburg, Boullosa’s novel traces the intertwined narratives of characters from different social backgrounds who are all related to the life of the fictional character Anna Karenina. The novel includes historical and fictional figures and events and describes the interactions between invented characters and actual people or those associated with them, such as the priest Georgy Gapon. Other characters are aware of their invented nature. Expanding her metafiction, Boullosa also imagines how certain textual artifacts alter the lives of the people who fi nd them. For example, she centers part of her story around Claudia, the wife of Karenina’s son, who fi nds several texts written by Karenina, including an opium-inspired fairy tale that comprises the fourth of Boullosa’s novel’s five parts. 1236 Caneyada, Imanol. La fiesta de los niños desnudos. Ciudad de México: Tusquets Editores, 2017. 257 p. (Colección Andanzas) From beginning to end, this novel’s fi rst-person narration is defi ned by an embittered, cruel, and indifferent tone. The transformation associated with the fact that the protagonist-narrator’s name is Gregorio takes place in self-evident ways. However, the latent disaffection that characterizes Gregorio during much of his life, not just the period of time that forms the novel’s focus, suggests that his change was the gradual result of longstanding traits. Gregorio’s resentment and self-doubt stem from his failure to succeed as the musician that his imposing and violent father desired he become. For Gregorio, the compulsion to satisfy his father gives way to the need to kill him. Different forms of patricide, betrayal, and the desire for a relentless and ruthless autonomy structure the novel’s presentation of the tensions between individual and society. 1237 Chacón, Joaquín-Armando. Breve tiempo del imposible. Ciudad de México: Ediciones Cal y Arena, 2016. 219 p.

In this collection’s title story, the second of nine, a recent arrival to a small city becomes engrossed in his companion’s rambling explanation for the somber countenance of another man they have just seen. The companion’s convincing literary orality helps him tell a story of love, jealousy, gossip, and the way newcomers disrupt provincial life. It is slow, digressive, a little confusing, and altogether fascinating. Throughout the collection Chacón blends voices, states of consciousness (including a recurring erotic dream that pleasantly invades one protagonist’s reality), dialogue, and description in a way that keeps each of these elements distinct and overlapping, with the result of creating respect and empathy for a broad range of affects, desires, and character flaws. A crime story about the boredom and brutality permeating a police department stands out for its economical character development and gradual revelation of a motive as unexpected as it is banal.

1238 Comensal, Jorge. Las mutaciones. Ciudad de México: Antílope: Secretaría de Cultura, 2016. 204 p.: ill. (Presente) Ramón is a successful lawyer diagnosed with tongue cancer. Teresa is a psychotherapist whose own struggle with cancer makes her more empathetic when treating her patients. After his tongue is removed as part of his treatment, Ramón begins seeing Teresa, typing his words on a computer during their sessions. Ramón’s housekeeper, Elodia, buys him a parrot for company. The novel flourishes in its depiction of legal discourse, talk therapy, and mimicry with a comical portrayal of communication, family, and chance. Its digressive style complements the descriptions of cancer’s generations-long inherited transmission and genetic transformation. Comensal’s detached, ironic tone draws readers in, expressing through detailed candor how illness both confi nes and emancipates its sufferers. 1239 Dana, Victoria. A donde tú vayas, iré. Ciudad de México: Lumen, 2016. 287 p. (Lumen Narrativa) This historical novel tells the story of the Jewish community in Damascus between 1912 and 1926, focusing on the routines of daily life, marriages, births, and

Literature: 21st Century: Mexico: Prose Fiction / 303 deaths, as well as on the upheaval of World War I and the Druze uprising of 1925. The difficulties faced by its protagonist, Latife, a girl of eight when the story opens, are reflected in other female characters who fi nd themselves largely controlled by the men around them. Glimpses of an alternative arise in the case of Marie, who manages to move to France with Latife’s younger sister. Mexico also presents the possibility of more freedom when Latife and her family arrive there in 1926. Especially effective are Dana’s portrayals of the insular perspectives of impoverished female Jews in Damascus and how they begin to see beyond their small world, the miserable trip in steerage across the Mediterranean to Marseilles, then across the Atlantic to Havana, and fi nally Veracruz. Dana’s fable-like style emphasizes ethnographic details more than psychological development, a trait that strengthens the novel’s vivid portrayal of women’s roles in a fragile and threatened cultural enclave.

1240 Domingo, Claudina. Las enemigas. Ciudad de México: Sexto Piso, 2017. 157 p. (Narrativa Sexto Piso) Isolated and alienated characters fi nd uneasy solace among friends, family, and new acquaintances in this outstanding collection of nine short stories. The opening story, “Xólotl,” portrays a woman ill with cancer who begins her fi rst relationship with a woman, whom she meets at a bar, and adopts a street dog. Transience and chance become a destination and fate in the clear reference to the canine guide through the Aztec underworld, which the remaining eight stories also navigate symbolically. Traumatic losses and grave injuries afflict several of the stories’ protagonists, including a missing daughter, a ruined eye, and a twin killed in an accident implicating his brother. Such afflictions highlight the collection’s emphasis on family and observation and, complementarily, the stories’ remarkably keen insights into how bitterness and resentment fester within and persist across multiple generations. The stories represent the persistence of these emotions in the effective and sometimes enigmatic integration of past and present and dream and reality. Throughout, Domingo proves herself adept at making incisive and candid inroads into how people feel and talk their

way out of or deeper into worlds of pain, healing, miscommunication, veiled insults, and dramatic revelations.

1241 Esquinca, Bernardo. Inframundo. Ciudad de México: Almadía, 2017. 232 p. (Narrativa) The fourth installment of Esquinca’s Casasola series returns to contemporary Mexico after the third novel, Carne de ataúd (see HLAS 74:1764), took place primarily in the fi rst decade of the 20th century. Casasola’s grandfather, the protagonist of Ataúd, also returns, this time from the dead, adding to Inframundo’s fantastical nature. Esquinca combines fantasy, horror, and detective fiction fairly well, but his prose tends to be too plot-driven and sometimes hasty. Esquinca’s ability to negotiate different types of genre fiction enables him to make connections among several grisly crimes related to greed and the lust for power from different historical moments, beginning with the conquest. Blas Botello, reputed to be Hernán Cortés’ astrologer, provides Esquinca with a historical beginning for his exploration of the macabre. As Bef did when he incorporated Casasola into Azul cobalto (see HLAS 74:1765), Esquinca gives Andrea Mijongas, Bef’s character, an appearance in Inframundo. 1242 Fadanelli, Guillermo J. Al fi nal del periférico. Ciudad de México: Literatura Random House, 2016. 186 p. Narrator and protagonist Willy recalls his early adolescence in a Mexico City suburb near the canals where the boat races were held during the 1968 Olympics. His family moved there from the poorer neighborhood of Portales, and thus the story connects his family’s apparent progress with that of Mexico’s. There is nothing nostalgic about his reflections, however, nor any hope for progress or modernity. In their place resides an ambivalent appreciation for childhood friendships, including all their intimacies and idiocies. Disdain and near disbelief about certain attitudes and events permeate the narrator’s tone. The sense of menace that underlies the depiction of a whole range of episodes and feelings—from a mother’s refusal to learn how to drive, a father’s terrible idea to keep a spider monkey as a pet, and the fascination and fear surrounding a

304 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 sadistic 17-year-old delinquent who plagues the narrator and his friends—complements rather than impedes the overall affection and significance with which Willy remembers his and his city’s past.

1243 Flores, Joel. Nunca más su nombre. Ciudad de México: Ediciones Era, 2017. 242 p.: bibl. (Alacena bolsillo) The novel’s fi rst-person narrator, who shares the name Joel with the author, cannot escape the betrayal, anger, sadness, and loss he has suffered while struggling to eradicate from his life the persistent and monstrous presence of his abusive father, who left his family when he was eight years old. Despite his efforts to start over, whether in his hometown of Zacatecas or, later, in Tijuana with his new partner, Paula, Joel fi nds himself returning to his father’s story. Framed by the days just before Joel’s father’s death, the narrative returns to significant moments of Joel’s past, such as the physical and emotional torment his father infl icted on his mother and his siblings, the disappearance of his best friend, and his investigations into the circumstances of his father’s early years. Flores’ extraordinarily clear and fluid style stands out as one of the novel’s principal achievements. 1244 Garnica, Vanesa. En un claro de bosque, una casa. Ciudad de México: Ediciones Era, 2016. 165 p. (Biblioteca Era) Isabel, the fi rst-person narrator of Garnica’s novel, is the oldest of three children. Her youngest brother Ramón died when she and Pablo, the middle sibling, were still children. Ramón’s illness and death caused Isabel’s family to suffer isolation and a lack of communication. The novel opens with the death of Isabel’s mother, an event that requires Isabel and her estranged surviving brother to return to their childhood home, which their family left after Ramón’s death. The novel’s superficial portrayal of dialogue and action, visible especially in its opening pages, eventually serves to highlight effectively the narrator’s difficulties in remembering the trauma of her childhood and in understanding others and herself. Important moments from Isabel’s past often interrupt the short time she spends preparing the old house for sale. The narrative’s chronology shifts

back and forth. Silence, loneliness, drinking, detachment, family, and friendship are topics well addressed by the novel’s form and content.

1245 Glantz, Margo. Por breve herida. Ciudad de México: Literatura UNAM: Sexto Piso, 2016. 283 p. (Narrativa Sexto Piso) “En literatura, el orden de los factores altera defi nitivamente el producto,” writes Glantz, more than once, in this intimate reflection on teeth, art, and memory. Consisting of fragments often rooted in visits to different kinds of dentists, the book’s returns and repetitions create for the reader the overlapping sensations of living and reliving that are central to the narratorprotagonist’s understanding of herself as both body and intellect. Mimicking the repositioning of teeth, a guiding trope, the fragments’ shifting order and reappearances incarnate the necessity, inevitability, and difficulty of transformation and decay. That which literature reorders has weight and resistance, changing its product. Tactility predominates in the returns from the dentist’s chair to visual, aural, and olfactory experiences, such as the paintings of Francis Bacon, Glenn Gould’s second recording of Bach’s “Goldberg Variations,” and blood’s metallic tinge. An extraordinary accomplishment, Por breve instantiates, over and over, the unique value of a writer’s idiosyncratic form of recall. 1246 Gudiño Hernández, Jorge Alberto. Siete son tus razones. Ciudad de México: Alfaguara, 2018. 204 p. (Narrativa hispánica) A follow-up that continues developing characters and story lines from the author’s 2016 thriller, Tus dos muertos (see item 1247), this novel also features Cipriano Zuzunaga, a detective whose inner turmoil is represented effectively, relentlessly, and somewhat exhaustingly through the use of second-person narration, a formal trait shared by its predecessor. Lines dividing truth and falsehood are as blurred as those dividing the law from crime in Siete, a novel in which Zuzunaga fi nds himself trapped in someone else’s revenge plot. Zuzunaga’s ambivalent sense of attachment to his neighborhood and his house parallels the

Literature: 21st Century: Mexico: Prose Fiction / 305 issues facing his family, a theme that stands out for the way in which it highlights the protagonist’s loneliness and rage.

1247 Gudiño Hernández, Jorge Alberto. Tus dos muertos. Ciudad de México: Alfaguara, 2016. 136 p. (Negra Alfaguara) A vulnerable, slightly corrupt beat cop in the traditional thriller mold, Cipriano Zuzunaga is struggling to reckon with his recent demotion from commander after crossing a powerful politician who protects a narcotrafficker. The limits to Zuzunaga’s authority are reflected in the novel’s claustrophobic and effectively developed sense of place. Zuzunaga never travels beyond the bounds of El Fresno, a decaying lowermiddle class neighborhood whose inhabitants protect and betray one another. Abjection, violence, and despair characterize El Fresno, its people, and Zuzunaga’s inner life, which is defi ned by regret, loneliness, and ambivalent sexual desire. Gudiño Hernández’s cinematic style takes the form of short sentences that read like fast camera shots. Especially impressive is the way in which this style succeeds in developing a range of narrative elements, including dialogue, description, action, and interiority. 1248 Guedea, Rogelio. El último desayuno. Ciudad de México: Literatura Random House, 2016. 159 p. This academic murder mystery is a page turner and an impressive display of fi rst-person narrative solipsism, which results in a point of view both claustrophobic and fascinating. A Mexican-born Spanish professor in Dunedin, New Zealand gradually reveals to the reader, and maybe to himself as well, the extent to which he knew the victim of a campus murder, an undergraduate woman who had taken several of his classes. The narrator’s unreliability is evident from the opening pages, in which Guedea establishes a smarmy, secretive tone. The text’s principal accomplishment is the subtle way it complicates without dismissing the reader’s sympathies with or moral appraisals of a fictional character. 1249 Jonguitud, Paulette. Algunas margaritas y sus fantasmas. Ciudad de México: Random House, 2017. 220 p. Mourning, loss, ostracism, and artistic creation are the themes that connect the

fantastic and diverse plotlines that comprise Jonguitud’s ghost story. A young man cares for his mother while she seeks a dead girl to marry her other son, who died as a child. A young woman whose twin sister died of cancer tries to create encounters with the dead through photography. Her interest in Joseph Merrick becomes intertwined with the young man’s interest in Alan Turing. Though at times the stories’ intersections are clumsy, the novel succeeds at expressing the pain and joy experienced by those who confront and love the haunted spaces and bodies that encircle and pursue them.

1250 Krauze, Ethel. El país de las mandrágoras. Ciudad de México: Alfaguara, 2016. 198 p. The central image of mandrakes that sprout and grow all around the novel’s characters, and that serve as conduits for the voices of missing and murdered children in contemporary Mexico, is a well-considered allegorical device for approaching the terrible toll of violence and grief. The narrative combination of different forms of communication—including fi rst-person narration, tweets, emails, blogs, and YouTube videos—is a good structural corollary to the theme of vocal transmissions of the dead and disappeared. Collective loss becomes a collective response. Despite the important topic and sound allegorical and structural ideas, the novel suffers from a somewhat clumsy style. 1251 Lavín, Mónica. A qué volver: antología personal. Ciudad de México: Tusquets Editores México, 2018. 259 p. (Colección Andanzas) A collection of stories spanning 30 years of the author’s career, A qué volver is divided into three sections titled, “El otro,” “Lo otro,” y “Nosotros.” In the fi rst section, rivals, ex-spouses, lovers, and mysterious letter writers serve as foils for the explorations of how we defi ne ourselves through personal relationships and frustrated desires. For example, class difference and longing to overcome solitude, if only vicariously, structure the voice and tone of “Los jueves,” in which a chambermaid seeks a connection with lovers whose weekly tryst she cleans up after. Uncanny revelations about others and oneself feature prominently in

306 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 the stories of the second section, as in “Inés no da entrevistas,” a cutting critique of the marketing of literature. A story in the third section about a handmade family heirloom, “Nicolasa y los encajes,” demonstrates how lost knowledge across generations nevertheless produces continuity. Lavín’s stories are generally outstanding, characterized by a clear visual style that communicates social critique with a subtle and fi nely wrought skepticism. Also remarkable is Lavín’s ability to express complex emotions succinctly and through the experiences of many different kinds of people, including abused wives, single men, families, and divorced mothers.

1252 Lobo, Fernando. Friquis. Ciudad de México: Almadía, 2016. 217 p. (Narrativa) A bossa nova cover of Michael Jackson’s “Billy Jean” provides the soundtrack to the murderous escape of an ex-member of Guatemala’s notorious Kaibiles from a luxury hotel in Cancún where he has holed up with Mexico’s most famous young pop star until her whereabouts are revealed as part of a battle between a tabloid journalist and his resentful informant. This musical detail encapsulates the impressive scope of Lobo’s satirical takedown of gossip rags, reality TV, and the massive wealth and bloodthirsty politics that defi ne the culture industry. In short, copies are good if they sell and reality bites if they don’t. Friquis combines pithy sentences, short chapters, an absurd and seductive plot, a cast of narcissists with sordid backstories, and a perceptive portrayal of an alienated public’s quest for meaning. These qualities keep the novel just slightly outside the relentless commodification it targets. 1253 Lorenzano, Sandra. La estirpe del silencio. Ciudad de México: Seix Barral, 2015. 243 p. (Seix Barral biblioteca breve) It’s 1987, and Irene’s mother Noëlle has just died. So has Rita Hayworth. The novel presents this connection as a puzzle whose solution gradually comes into focus for both Irene and the reader. Noëlle’s mother Claire died in childbirth near the beginning of the Mexican Revolution, and as Irene learns more about Claire, she comes to understand the need for and dangers presented by keeping family secrets hidden from children. As the narrative unfolds,

seeking the truth becomes a collage of voices and moments, characterized by different styles and motifs, including stream of consciousness, photographs, and abusive males, especially fathers, priests, pimps, and the doctors who assist them. A darkly humorous revenge story develops successfully with the help of an indifferent police officer. Estirpe presents self-understanding as a fascinating paradox, which demands balancing the unknown and the recognized.

1254 Luiselli, Valeria. Lost children archive. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2019. 383 p.: ill. The fi rst novel Luiselli has written in English, Lost Children interweaves play and inventiveness against the often dire and deadly obligations imposed by circumstance, a guiding tension that mirrors the text’s form, which considers and embodies the differences between the novel and documentary writing. Its adult characters seek evidence about contemporary and past state crimes, respectively the detention and deportation of Central American and Mexican child migrants, and the fi nal confi nement of the Apache and Geronimo’s death. The Borderlands remain contested, with US, Mexican, and Indigenous claims to territory intermingled in a way that collapses time into an overarching critique of temporal categories, especially childhood. When the adult characters’ privileged children lose themselves in the desert and encounter a group of absolutely more vulnerable child migrants, Lost Children refuses the deceptive option of universalization. Instead, this extraordinary novel exposes its own limits and lays out future reading and writing tasks to respond to cases of massive cruelty and neglect, official and otherwise. 1255 Luque, Gilma. Obra negra. Ciudad de México: Almadía; Culiacán de Rosales, Sinaloa: Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, 2017. 227 p.: bibl. (Narrativa) The novel’s title refers to the preparations made on a building site before any construction begins. The anxiety, hope, impatience, and pleasurable expectation of inhabiting such a space infuse Luque’s fi rst-person narrator’s reflections on her upbringing in a middle-class family with an architect father and a mother suffering

Literature: 21st Century: Mexico: Prose Fiction / 307 from multiple sclerosis. Divided into three parts, this thoughtful novel begins when the narrator is in her 20s and separating herself from her parents, her brother, and her childhood home. The second part returns to her childhood and adolescence, and the third brings the narrator’s story to the present of its telling, when she is in her mid-30s. The story arcs consist almost entirely of the narrator’s thoughts, which communicate strongly to the reader the associations, memories, and emotions that have shaped her sense of place in the world. Especially well done are the depictions of how children conceal what they really think and feel in order to placate the adults around them, as well as the emotional cost of this survival strategy.

1256 Manjarrez, Héctor. Los niños están locos. Primera edición en Biblioteca Era. Ciudad de México: Ediciones Era, 2016. 219 p. (Biblioteca Era) This collection of stories portrays various generations of 20th-century Mexican children and families, sometimes in the same tale. Thirteen stories are distributed among three sections, “Los chicos,” “Los medianos,” and “Los mayorcitos,” the middle section, primarily about adolescence, containing the most stories at seven. Each other section has three. Simmering emotions enhance the emotionally invested voyeurism of the narrator of “Virginia y el árbol,” the fearsome rage of a shouting parent in “¿Qué estás haciendo ahora?,” and the insidious long-term effects of elitism and racism in “La hazaña del abuelo” and “La proeza de la abuela.” Irony characterizes many stories, and a particularly comic manifestation of it strengthens the incisive critique of religious intolerance of sexuality in “Doce y medio.” Manjarrez displays an extraordinary versatility of topic, tone, narrative perspective, observation, and interiority. 1257 Martín del Campo, David. La niña Frida. Ciudad de México: Tusquets Editores, 2017. 308 p. (Colección Andanzas) Martín del Campo’s subtle prose and the convincing characterization of his protagonist enable him to pull off the challenges intrinsic to a novel packed with historical intersections. Max Retana is a for-

mer federal police officer who quit after saving a young man’s life during the Tlatelolco Massacre. The novel opens in 1976, and Retana is a private detective digging up dirt on the journalists who were to be expelled during the Excelsior coup and who later went on to found Proceso and Unomásuno. A mysterious Miguel Covarrubias painting of Frida Kahlo adds intrigue. Martín del Campo connects these stories by focusing on national and family secrets and the destruction they cause. The novel succeeds in reminding its readers of the importance of the 1970s for understanding contemporary Mexican politics and literature.

1258 Mastretta, Ángeles. El viento de las horas. Caracas: Seix Barral, 2016. 255 p. (Biblioteca breve) Mastretta crafts a series of vignettes that comprise a memoir and a personal intellectual history. She returns to the Puebla of her childhood, the Cozumel of different moments of her life, and to the Mexico City of the early years of her career as a writer. Mastretta evinces her love of language through references to and analyses of Golden Age writers, especially Cervantes, Garcilaso, Góngora, and Quevedo, and through an evocative description of her primary schooling, figured in the image of a well-worn backpack. Mastretta’s language is clear and welcoming. Her most significant approach to contemporary Mexico is to combine representations of spaces that often defi ne communities of women—the hair salon, for example—with a critical and nuanced mourning for a country she misses and which, she acknowledges, never belonged to everyone. 1259 Mejía Madrid, Fabrizio. 42 m2. Ciudad de México: Literatura Random House, 2016. 259 p.: bibl., ill. Alexander von Humboldt is chronologically the fi rst and narratively the last prominent historical figure to appear in Mejía Madrid’s novel. His 1803 visit to Nueva España concludes the series of episodes recounting the stays by other foreigners (all in 20th-century Mexico), including André Breton, B. Traven, Malcolm Lowry, and Jane Bowles. This temporal inversion, together with a characterization of Humboldt as an obsessed researcher blind to human suffer-

308 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 ing, intensifies the novel’s examination of the clash between preconceived or abstract notions of Mexico and lived experiences there. The fi rst-person narrator, an adolescent at the turn of the millennium, juxtaposes his childhood in cramped apartments, alluded to by the novel’s title, with actual spaces and figurative frames of knowledge and theory, producing a comical critique of a fascination with the exotic and of the objectification of one’s own and others’ spaces.

gration of different kinds of writing, such as diaries, are elements of the fi rst genre while the connections between characters’ lives and historical events, notably 1968 and rural insurgency, are elements of the second. Humor, candor, and well-developed narrative threads add to the text’s remarkable way of shedding light on intergenerational tensions, recent Mexican history, and the personal and political shadows that remain underexposed.

1260 Melchor, Fernanda. Temporada de huracanes. Ciudad de México: Literatura Random House, 2017. 223 p. In Melchor’s terrific novel, the eight chapters without paragraph breaks and mostly very long sentences represent a murder from several different points of view. While later chapters narrow in on central actors, the book’s opening chapters establish the social and historical context of a group of small towns near oilfields and not far from a port, presumably Veracruz. Poverty, desperation, rage, resentment, and violence defi ne the characters’ lives, except for a few respites: of admiration, for a young man whose voice is so good he’s nicknamed Luismi, for Luis Miguel; and fleeting tenderness, toward a girl sexually abused and impregnated by her stepfather. The sentences overwhelm and compel the reader at the same time, and the shifts in point of view establish an accomplished perspective that portrays with abject realism the ravages of homophobia, the patriarchy, greed, and pathetic piety.

1262 Monge, Emiliano. La superficie más honda. Ciudad de México: Literatura Random House, 2017. 146 p. Violence, whose absurdity is often darkly comic, punctuates almost all of the 11 stories that comprise this collection. An unexploded grenade, for example, threatens to go off in a bizarre and implausible space. It plays an actual and a symbolic role in the lives of those who consider the best way of disarming it. Absurdity also overlaps with the fantastic, as in the case of a tabloid whose incomplete stories puzzle Monge’s characters. Only Monge’s readers learn the characters’ grisly fates. The stories often leave out central elements of motivation and explanation, an occasionally frustrating tactic that does however succeed in highlighting the sudden and inexplicable eruption of violence in the lives of many contemporary Mexicans. Monge’s style shifts from drawing readers in (only to rebuff them in most cases) to maintaining a consistent, cold distance, which reflects the indifference, rather than sadism, that tends to defi ne the violence his characters allow others to suffer.

1261 Monge, Emiliano. No contar todo. Buenos Aires: Literatura Random House, 2019. 388 p. (Literatura Random House) This work of autofiction shows that even a verifiable account of a person’s life can never tell everything. Secrets, resentment, and reticence combine with a fear of vulnerability to explain why parents and children fail to share the events, thoughts, and emotions that make them who they are. These subjectivities, Monge’s outstanding text shows, are not only distorted by the perception of others but also by one’s own perception of oneself. Though No contar todo is not strictly speaking a novel or an autobiography, its use of dialogue and inte-

1263 Monge, Emiliano. Las tierras arrasadas. Ciudad de México: Literatura Random House, 2015. 342 p.: bibl. Monge’s novel about migrants who cross Mexico’s southern border with the hope of making it to the US exemplifies the movement, which bends along the arc of an inevitably dire fate, of those whose stories it constructs. Transcribed statements by actual migrants intermingle with citations from Dante’s Inferno, series of paragraphs that begin with gerunds, overlapping moments and spaces, and words combined together to name characters’ attributes work together to develop a sense of simultaneity, motion, and paralysis. Through his depic-

Literature: 21st Century: Mexico: Prose Fiction / 309 tion of protagonists Estela and Epitafio, along with other characters, Monge shows how relationships are desired, feared, submitted to, and suffered. To escape from the despair of their lives, the migrants accept the horrific risks of their journeys.

1264 Padilla, Ignacio. Inéditos y extraviados. Ciudad de México: Océano, 2016. 152 p. (Hotel de las letras) Padilla’s note to his readers identifies his book’s debt to the Italian writer Giorgio Manganelli and his work Centuria: One Hundred Ouroboric Novels. Padilla’s often brilliant displays of imagination span the collection’s fi rst part of 25 two- to threepage texts and its second part of three longer texts. More parables or riddles than stories, the short pieces tease out the consequences of uncanny points of departure, for instance the tale of the reliquary of the Three Kings in Cologne which contains dragon bones, as told by a British WWII veteran; or the prince who cannot survive Sleeping Beauty’s insomnia after rescuing her. The texts explore the strangeness that emerges from looking slightly askance at events, people, and wellknown tales. Further examples include the Minotaur’s architecture contest, designed to fi nd out who can build the best maze, and Frankenstein’s monster’s confession that he only pretended to have an inferior brain. 1265 Páez Varela, Alejandro. Oriundo Laredo. Ciudad de México: Alfaguara, 2016. 211 p.: bibl. Oriundo’s father liked the name the judge seemed to suggest when he asked where his son was born. Oriundo cannot remember Karl Marx’s name, and he spends a month or two gardening for someone named Quarantine. Misnomers add humor to Páez Varela’s novel about the US-Mexican Borderlands. They also signal, first, the importance of popular knowledge and experience in contrast to an exclusive appreciation for book learning, and, second, the absurdity of attributing the Borderlands to either the US or Mexico. Oriundo travels all along Texas and the US Southwest before returning to his home near Ciudad Juárez. Working a number of different jobs, he encounters experts in many fields, from walnut-tree farming to medicinal plants, who pass along their knowledge orally. The novel’s humor is tempered by a wist-

ful tone that laments the violence along the border, which is caused primarily by insisting on that line’s purportedly defining role.

1266 Palou, Pedro Angel. Mar fantasma: cuatro novelas breves. Ciudad de México: Seix Barral, 2016. 359 p. (Biblioteca breve) This collection brings together four novellas, previously published between 2001 and 2010. Their structural boundaries—one setting, one moment, one principal character—create tensions and starting points that lead to faraway places and times and to meditations on shared experiences, especially memory, grief, love, and sex. Throughout, representation and its treacheries are a guiding theme, from spectrality in “Demasiadas vidas” to painting in “La casa de la Magnolia” and “La profundidad de la piel.” Palou excels at illustrating through words the nearly futile effort to communicate, in any medium, what motivates people to continue when faced with banality, emptiness, and loss; and what motivates them to continue making esthetic attempts to confront pain. Mar fantasma showcases Palou’s remarkable ability to imagine sensually vivid worlds. Intertextuality and metafiction set these worlds at just the right remove, somehow making stories about characters who long to possess others into a type of writing that resists appropriation. 1267 Petersen Farah, Diego. Casquillos negros. Ciudad de México: Tusquets Editores, 2017. 241 p. (Colección Andanzas) Beto Zaragoza is a crime reporter, photographer, and the editor of the weekly Sangre. His relative independence and indifference to advancing his own interests allows him to move with ease among the police and the clergy. In this thriller about the real life 1993 assassination of Cardinal Juan Jesús Posadas, Beto puzzles through photographs and a diary as his tries to fi nd the real murderers and their motives. Farah’s novel, like many recent thrillers in Mexico and elsewhere, features a solitary hero with daily struggles, in this case, raising a teenage daughter and idiosyncratic appetites. Though a page-turner, Casquillos excels through its content, rather than its form; its significance resides in its insistence on understanding what happened to

310 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 the cardinal and demonstrating the revelance of a 20-year old murder.

1268 Ross, Keith. Los piratas vienen de lejos. La Paz, Mexico: Instituto Sudcaliforniano de Cultura, 2016. 136 p. Three generations of men named Malcolm Lodge provide the chronology and structure for this novel about metaphorical pirates who spend their lives fleeing old places and discovering new ones, often leaving pain and suffering in their wake. Chapters alternate between the fi rst-person accounts of the middle-aged Mexican hotel manager Malcolm and the third-person account of his father Malcolm’s sudden and consequential departure from his home in England more than four decades earlier. The fi rst-person character seeks information about his father’s past, while also distancing himself from his own son, the third Malcolm. The repeated names evoke a sense of fate. The shifts in point of view offer glimpses of escaping fate because they present the limits of both objective, retrospective comprehension and subjective, forwardlooking discovery. 1269 Salinas Basave, Daniel. Vientos de Santa Ana. Ciudad de México: Literatura Random House, 2016. 206 p. Guillermo Demian struggles to get by as a reporter in Tijuana. Obsessed by the 25-year-old murder of a much more famous journalist, Demian fantasizes about fi nding the evidence to prove that the mastermind of the killing was Alfio Wolf, soon to be inaugurated as Baja California’s governor. Basave Salinas’ novel interweaves the stories of Demian and Amber Aravena, a Chilean journalist who reads Demian’s blog and becomes fascinated with its portrayal of Tijuana. The resulting page-turner is a thinly veiled account of the actual killing in 1988 of Héctor Félix Miranda and the suspicion that former Tijuana mayor, casino owner, and wild animal collector Jorge Hank Rhon ordered the assassination. Through its dual points of view, Vientos succeeds in undermining the cliché of the solitary journalist hero, while stoking its reader’s interest in Demian’s quest for the truth. 1270 Serna, Enrique. El vendedor de silencio. Ciudad de México: Alfaguara, 2019. 485 p. (Narrativa hispánica (Alfaguara (Firm)))

Serna intertwines individual and national psychopathology in this story about the actual mid-20th-century journalist Carlos Denegri, a sycophantic, extortionist bully who rose to national fame at the daily Excelsior. A nauseating and sinister Don Juan, Denegri thrives for decades on false promises of fidelity and self-reform, which ring especially hollow when he intends them to compensate for terrible acts of misogynist violence. Serna’s remarkable use of indirectfree style is especially effective in portraying the short-lived moments of lucidity Denegri experienced when hungover, which are magnified in a brilliantly written confession scene near the novel’s end, which shares with Denegri’s career and public profile a vertiginous mix of manipulation and revelation.

1271 Tomasena, José Miguel. La caída de Cobra. Ciudad de México: Tusquets Editores, 2016. 157 p. (Colección Andanzas) Tomasena’s sparsely and economically narrated prison story is a parable about justice, revenge, mercy, forgiveness, and corruption. The title character is an enforcer for a prison gang who kills a man by mistake. The ensuing cycle of violence ends with his isolation in a part of the prison where he meets El Oscuro, a repentant Christian teacher who inspires Cobra to transform and redeem himself. Cobra’s ascetic spirituality collides with prison politics and psychiatry upon his return to the origin of his troubles. Tomasena demonstrates an impressive ability to portray dreams, other forms of interiority, and violence experienced subjectively and perceived objectively. 1272 Torres Olivares, Gabriela. Piscinas verticales: (o la bruma un hábitat sustentable). Ciudad de México: Secretaría de Cultura, Dirección General de Publicaciones, 2017. 122 p. (Fondo editorial tierra adentro; 572) Kathy Acker sought treatment for breast cancer in Tijuana, where she died in 1997. Twenty years later the unnamed main character of Torres Olivares’ novel traces Acker’s fi nal days there. She aims to make a documentary and write an essay about topics related to Acker’s life and death, such as writing, illness, and different kinds of borders, including those between mainstream and alternative medicine. The border dividing Tijuana and San Diego also plays a

Literature: 21st Century: Mexico: Prose Fiction / 311 role in the character’s reflections, especially in regard to the absurdity of a fence meant to divide one side of the ocean from another. The blurred boundaries that structure the form and content of this beautiful novel include: photographs, videos, and text; tears and steam; water and clouds; and one person’s experience and another person’s efforts to record and understand it.

1273 Urroz Kanan, Eloy. Demencia. Ciudad de México: Alfaguara, 2016. 223 p. Erotic encounters that violate various characters’ moral sensibilities, or at least appear to do so, structure the ultimately inscrutable network of stories that make up this metafictional novel with multiple narrators. The narrators recount queer sex, visits to brothels, dating a best friend’s youngest sister, and starting an affair with an adolescent daughter’s schoolmate. Sexual trasngression disturbs friendships and different characters’ understanding of themselves. Most interestingly, the transgressions coincide with impossible temporalities, including the return of the dead. Though convoluted, Urroz’s novel manages to be intriguing and compelling. 1274 Valdés Manríquez, Hugo. El asesinato de Paulina Lee. Ciudad de México: Tusquets Editores, 2016. 265 p. (Colección Andanzas) Based on an actual murder in Monterrey in 1938, Valdés’ novel opens with what appear to be the facts, recounted in a direct style that combines elements of journalism and a forensics report. The novel gradually intensifies, making greater chronological leaps, including returns to the victim’s and alleged perpetrator’s lives before the murder, which complicate the initial presentation of facts and belie any apparent simplicity. Concentric circles around the crime expand to consider how a number of institutions—legal, medical, journalistic, commercial—are affected by and involved with modernization, corruption, and impunity. Valdés employs indirect free style, develops distinct voices, and portrays multiple settings in this vivid literary construction of the myriad of forces and conflicts that shape postrevolutionary Monterrey. 1275 Verdades ocultas: literatura carcelaria femenina. Ciudad de México: Documentación y Estudios de Mujeres, A.C., 2016. 279 p.: bibl.

Pérez Cruz and Valencia Reyes are the winners featured in the eighth collection of women’s prison narratives resulting from competitions organized by the volume’s publisher. Their autobiographical texts join 11 others, two of which are awarded honorable mention. These testimonials share topics of sexual abuse, hunger, domestic violence, and the other factors that exacerbate the precarity of the narrators’ lives. From a narrative standpoint, the best texts feature detailed descriptions of settings and insightful observations about how desperation takes fi lial tensions to the breaking point.

1276 Villalobos, Juan Pablo. No voy a pedirle a nadie que me crea. Barcelona: Editorial Anagrama, 2016. 271 p. (Narrativas hispánicas; 574) Villalobos’ eponymous protagonist wants to write and study comparative literature. But before he leaves Mexico to pursue his PhD in Barcelona, his cousin ensnares him in a criminal enterprise as dangerous as it is aimless, ineffectual, and ripe for comedic potential. The crime story and those who seem to control it become part of a set of overlapping narratives competing for veracity if not verisimilitude, as the novel’s title suggests. Juan Pablo’s fi rstperson narrative emerges alongside emails from his mother, his erstwhile girlfriend’s diary entries, and, ingeniously, a set of letters from beyond the grave. These different forms of writing display an impressive range of voices, their lexical idiosyncrasies exaggerated just enough to be both plausible and funny. Literary interpretation becomes a collective effort as the protagonist’s presence fades. The story’s fi nal developments are motivated and explained by a group of women with detective-like reading skills. Ulitmately, their mutual cooperation is more forceful and compelling than the discursive struggle for domination portrayed and mercilessly mocked by the novel. 1277 Volpi Escalante, Jorge. Una novela criminal. Barcelona: Alfaguara, 2018. 493 p. (Narrativa hispánica) From the beginning, this story about a story, the case of Florence Cassez and Israel Vallarta, alleged leaders of a Mexican kidnapping ring, involves bizarre ambiguities, contradictory testimonies, televised recreations of crucial moments, and an inter-

312 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 national incident that placed French and Mexican heads of state at loggerheads and in delicate diplomatic negotiations. Volpi’s text, whose narrator refers to it as a “novela documental o novela sin ficción,” represents years of research and is an impresssive display of clear storytelling and explanations of, for example, judicial processes and decisions. By insisting on pairing “documental” with “sin ficción,” the narrator reveals how documents can deceive and novels can tell the truth. The latter may explain the novel’s title and its relevance for contemporary contexts, not exclusive to Mexico. Telling the truth can be criminal in a system that relies on torture to elicit confessions.

1278 Volpi Escalante, Jorge. Tiempo de cenizas: (No será la tierra): novela en tres actos. Ciudad de México: Debolsillo, 2016. 547 p. (Contemporánea) Julio Cortázar’s “Continuidad de los parques” is a very short story that serves as an intertext for this long novel about fact, fiction, and a murderous encounter in a remote cabin. Genetics and dialectical materialism are attempts to map out, understand, and guide individual and collective trajectories. Both fail in this thriller about a broad range of characters from the Soviet Union and the US. Lust, greed, and treachery predominate. Not immune to these forces is the narrator, a journalist critical fi rst of 1980s Soviet politics and then of the so-called New Russia’s corrupt capitalism, fostered by an inept IMF. Volpi’s

research into topics such as Chernobyl and the Human Genome Project help his novel develop an encompassing view of science and commerce in the second half of the 20th century. The character of a young, lonely, and talented poet is a counterpoint to not only the strivers who comprise most of the novel’s characters, but also the realist prose of the novel’s narrator and its author.

1279 Yehya, Naief. Once cuentos rusos. Ciudad de México: Instituto Sinaloense de Cultura: Ficticia, 2018. 164 p. (Ediciones del futbolista; 12) The title of this collection of 11 short stories is a reference to the location of the 2018 Men’s World Cup. Many different authors develops narratives around soccer from multiple perspectives: the anxious TV spectator, the puzzled coach’s son, the pathetic could’ve been, the players paid to lose, and the fan for whom soccer offers the only joy in a difficult and precarious life. The shifts in perspective are matched by generally successful demonstrations of different styles and tones. The topic of sport is effectively rendered as an allegory for politics, subjectivity, self-understanding, and desire. Especially strong are Jaime Muñoz Vargas’ story about a son who feels betrayed by his father and Eduardo Ruiz Sosa’s structurally bold take on a crippled man’s obsession with the Brazilian star Garrincha. At least one female author’s contribution would have been a welcome addition.

Central America TIFFANY D. CREEGAN MILLER , Assistant Professor of Spanish, Colby College ERIN S. FINZER , Associate Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs, University of Arkansas at Little Rock FRANCES JAEGER , Associate Professor of Spanish, Northern Illinois University FRANCISCO SOLARES-LARRAVE , Associate Professor, Northern Illinois University HONDURAS

THE ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL OBSTACLES that Honduras has faced in the wake of the 2009 coup continue to present challenges for the country’s authors and literary circles. Though poetry is still the genre with the strongest presence in Honduran literature, recent years have seen an increased attention to narrative short stories and novels. Nevertheless, limited opportunities exist for publish-

Literature: 21st Century Prose Fiction: Central America / 313

ing within the country, so it should be noted that some authors have opted not to work with traditional presses, but instead to disseminate their work through social media or blogging. Within the Honduran literary establishment, the most effective way for writers to gain visibility for their work is by winning a literary prize. For example, José Raúl López’s Alguien dibuja una sombra (item 1304) was the recipient of the Mario Monteforte Toledo Prize from Guatemala in 2017. El libro perdido de Eduardo Ilussio Hocquetot (item 1294) was the sole awardee in the Central American Short Novel Contest in 2016, which was convened by the Sociedad Literaria de Honduras and the Secretaria de Cultura, Artes y Deportes. Within Honduras, Tegucigalpa continues to be the center of the Honduran literary scene. The majority of the country’s publishers are concentrated in the capital, which is where most of the novels, anthologies, and collections of short stories reviewed here were published. A smaller number of publishers are located in San Pedro Sula. Given the political instability following the 2009 coup, Honduran narrative continues to offer its readers fictional ways to make sense of human experiences in relation to social, political, and personal turmoil. In the face of such crises, authors continue to develop an esthetic of cynicism as they use their literary works to respond to the violence that has penetrated quotidian life. For example, San Pedro Sula, a city known for its high levels of violence and poverty, figures prominently in numerous novels: El libro perdido de Eduardo Ilussio Hocquetot (item 1294) by Gustavo Campos, Alguien dibuja una sombra (item 1304) by José Raúl López, Los poetas del grado cero (item 1309) by Jorge Martínez Mejía, and Los días y los muertos (item 1322) by Giovanni Rodríguez. To underscore the stark differences between childhood innocence and naiveté and the dark, traumainducing violence in Honduras, some authors creatively incorporate children as protagonists. Notable examples include Infortunios (item 1285) by Manuel Ayes, Virgen y otros cuentos (item 1308) by Kalki Martínez, El llanto de los gorriones (item 1290) by Carlos E. Bulnes, Cuando me encuentre (item 1327) by Jairo Varela, and stories like “El Niño de la Montaña de la Flor” by Eduardo Bähr, which is featured in the anthology Aire Leve (item 1282). Even in novels and short stories that seemingly avoid the violence, this theme becomes conspicuous by its very absence. As Honduran authors innovatively conceive of literary ways to escape this violence, some turn to fantasy and imagination, as in El llanto de los gorriones (item 1290), whereas others look for more tangible ways to leave the violence behind by migrating to the US, such as the characters in Travesía contra el viento (item 1326) by Ariel Torres Funes. Through a variety of literary works, authors note the impact of the violence on the diverse people in Honduras, including the Garifuna women portrayed in Rugüma: la pasión azabache (item 1292), Afro-Hispanic and immigrant women featured in Antología de narradoras hondureñas (item 1283), or the Indigenous and Afro-Honduran voices from the Nahua, Maya, Tolupan, Tawahka, and Miskito literary traditions included in Literatura y tradición oral de los pueblos originarios y afrohondureños (item 1334). I am grateful to my research assistant, Minori Cohan ‘22, for her support and contributions to this work. Her comments and attention to detail were very insightful. [TCM] GUATEMALA

During the past decade, Guatemalan writers have found fertile ground for ideas and stories in the political, social, and cultural circumstances prevailing in

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Guatemala and the other Central American countries. As a result, there is an expansion and growth of topics, themes, and approaches within the cultural production. An example of this trend appears in Arturo Arias’ novel, El precio del consuelo (item 1284). The novel, like others before it, considers the guerrilla confl ict that ended in 1996, but Arias’ story branches out to contend with the environmental crisis and growing femicides in Guatemala. It should be noted that the local development of the novel as a genre has been the result of a concerted effort on the part of writers and the local growing publishing industry. Even though Guatemalan fiction developed initially in the mold of the short story, current authors and editors are showing preference for the novel. Hence, writers such as Francisco Méndez (whose own grandfather was a respected short story author) and Adolfo Méndez Vides (who emerged as a poet in his early days), cultivate the novel as their main production mode. Consequently, and following a tradition created in Guatemala by Dante Liano with his 1994 novel El hombre de Montserrat, F. Méndez’s Saga de libélulas (item 1310) is the fi rst in a series whose main protagonists are a Guatemalan police detective and his Costa Rican sidekick. Like Arias’ novel, Saga de libélulas deals with multiple societal problems, including drug traffic and political corruption. Given the relevance and intensity of the events that ousted President Otto Pérez in 2015, it should not come as a surprise that they appear as background in Rodrigo Rey Rosa’s novel El país de Toó (item 1321). Rey Rosa is not a new practitioner of the novel as a genre (his first, El cuchillo del mendigo dates from 1986). His works, however, can be considered trendsetters because they lead to new directions in any of the themes they explore. This novel ventures into a dystopian representation of his country. Even though he has chosen to call it Toó, the novel reads as if it were a roman à clef. The country he describes is Guatemala, and some of the characters, like the NGO officer and the Salvadoran sicario may be composites of real figures in Guatemalan social, cultural, and political life. The trend towards inclusion and embrace of several topics within one book is reflected in the collection of academic essays edited by Saúl Hurtado Heras, Literatura y violencia en Guatemala: testimonio y literatura de la guerrilla guatemalteca (1960–1996) (item 1333). The essays, authored by a variety of professors from Central American institutions, reflect a multidisciplinary approach to the study of literature, particularly as a phenomenon within society. The collection is the result of an effort to enrich and renew literary and cultural studies in Guatemala, which, in turn, respond to the frequent examinations of the recent history of the country. This process has resulted in a diversity of approaches, including an article on the involvement of the Catholic Church in the insurgency movement (by Juan José Monroy García) and a study on Arturo Arias’ novels (written by Kazuki Alberto Ito). Other essays examine the role of testimonial literature as source of information about the war (by José Domingo Carrillo), or study the influence of revolutionary Cuban thought—the rhetoric of war, violence as legacy or what the authors call “the Cuban model”—in Guatemalan guerrilla movements (by Lino Martínez Rebollar, Saúl Hurtado, Alfredo Ramírez M., and Guadalupe Melchor Díaz). The volume also contains an ambitious assessment of guerrilla fiction and the testimonio genre in studies on Comandante Sombra by Braulio Salazar, Señores bajo los árboles by Mario Roberto Morales, and En el fi lo by Marco Antonio Flores. The collection opens the path for further examinations of the portrayal of violence and its effect on Guatemalan culture.

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Carlos Wynter Melo’s novel Ojos para ver una invasión (item 1328) deserves special mention. Although its author is Panamanian, his novel was published in Guatemala as part of a collection by Editorial Piedrasanta (a local publishing powerhouse) to promote Central American writers. One can see again an effort to expand into other areas, and to explore themes and authors that have not been part of the established Central American canon. If the trend towards Pan-Central Americanism continues, we should see an even more inclusive intellectual and artistic community in the near future. [FSL] NICARAGUA

In April 2018, national protests began to shake Nicaragua in response to the Ortega-Murillo government’s controversial ecological and social security actions. In the months that followed, the government cracked down violently on the protests in scenes evocative of civil war. In a symbolic gesture, Vice President Murillo’s illuminated metal Árboles de la Vida were felled across the nation, and the red and black colors of the Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional (FSLN) that have long symbolized Nicaraguan nationalism were replaced by the blue and white of the official Nicaraguan flag. Reports of disappearances and torture of student activists terrified and enraged onlookers concerned for human rights, and thousands of Nicaraguans fled the country to escape political violence and economic ruin. In the two years since the protests, political oppression has continued to dominate the political and cultural landscape. Nicaraguan narrative from 2017–2018 provides retrospective insight into the mounting political tension in the years leading up to the 2018 protests. Among the six texts included in this review, all were published outside of Nicaragua, with the exception of Alejandro Bendaña’s Sandino: patria y libertad (item 1288). Each text presents bitingly cynical critiques of contemporary Nicaraguan politics, with common themes of hopelessness (items 1281, 1314, and 1325), ghosts (items 1281 and 1319), and suicide (items 1314 and 1325). A telling image of national politics and cultural survival, the image of a buzzard—a scavenging bird that eats the flesh of dead animals—also plays a key role in two novels (item 1319 and see HLAS 74:1805). The theme of history and the historical novel have been characteristic throughout three decades of the Central American postwar novel, and this group of narratives is no exception. Aguirre and Blandón present two significant historical novels that question the limits between fiction and history, novel and testimonio. Both of these novels were completed years before they were published abroad: Blandón’s Vuelo de cuervos was completed in 1997 and published in Mexico City in 2017, and Aguirre’s El meñique del ogro was written between 2006–2012 before its publication in San José in 2017. In the latter novel, the narrator—a journalist and intellectual—reflects deeply on the reasons behind Sandino biographer José Ramón’s publication of Maldito país (see HLAS 44:5288) some 45 years after it was completed (he also references Salomón de la Selva’s La guerra de Sandino o pueblo desnudo (see HLAS 50:3182), whose publication was delayed 50 years by the Somoza dynasty). These delays in publication—while ostensibly caused by implicit or explicit censorship in Nicaragua—further blur the boundaries between history, fiction, memoir, journalism, and testimonio. Among the texts reviewed here, Bendaña’s Sandino: patria y libertad bears special mention despite the fact that it is not literary narrative. Sandino: patria

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y libertad represents the most comprehensive biography of Sandino to date and highlights the ideological discrepancies between the historical Sandino and the Sandino iconized by the corrupted FSLN. Bendaña asserts the need for cultural and political work to restore Sandino’s legacy. Through their critical responses to the FSLN and the lack of hope it has engendered in all aspects of daily life, every text in this review participates in this work. In addition to the dire political situation in Nicaragua, the past two years have also seen great losses in the literary world with the deaths of poet and activist Vidaluz Meneses Robleto (d. July 2016), poet and novelist Claribel Alegría (d. January 2018), and poet Ernesto Cardenal (d. March 2020; Belli includes memories of Alegría and Cardenal in her anthology, see item 1331). These writers shaped revolutionary Nicaragua, not only through their exemplary biographies, but also through their words. It should be noted that, despite overarching themes of despair, the narrators in the four novels reviewed here (Aguirre, Blandón, Pérez, Ramírez) also found subtle hope, and certainly escape, in the beauty of literature and the extragovernmental communities that it engenders. To that end, reminding his readers/listeners that politics are not everything and that life is precious, Aguirre’s narrator closes his novel with a nod to Franz Galich: “Créanme: [la vida] es de verdad muy corta y hay que vivirla como la más larga y gozosa de las noches” (p. 381). [EF] PANAMA

Historically, Panama has had a smaller literary output than its Central American neighbors. However, in recent years, the number of publications has increased substantially. As always, the Ricardo Miró prize continues to confer recognition on emerging and established writers. The 2014 award winner in the novel category was Ariel Barría Alvarado for Las canciones que el público nos pide (item 1287), an intriguing narrative about the coup that brought Omar Torrijos to power. Other literary awards are highlighting works of note and offering alternative means to publication and promotion. Among the current examples are Olga De Obaldía’s short story collection Cuentos elementales (Premio Nacional de Cuento José María Sánchez) (item 1312), Carlos Fong’s novel Aviones dentro de la casa (Premio “Sagitario Ediciones” de Novela Corta 2015–2016) (item 1298), and the Costa Rican author Carlos Cortés’ novel Mojiganga (Premio Centroamericano de Literatura Rogelio Sinán 2014–2015) (item 1295). In addition, Panama currently counts more outlets for writers to share their work with the public. Created by Enrique Jaramillo-Levi and Carolina Fonseca, Foro/taller Sagitario Ediciones has proven to be another important venue for nurturing and supporting artists by establishing regular collaborations between Panamanian writers and other Spanish-speaking authors, as well as promoting writing workshops and publishing several short story anthologies and novels each year. Following in these footsteps is Carlos Melo Wynter who has also established a writers’ seminar and has published a fi rst compilation, Mudanzas (item 1289). In short, while established prizes such as the Ricardo Miró or Rogelio Sinán continue to recognize writers, other venues have emerged to promote diverse literary talents and bring their work to the public. Even though Panama has been a country that favors the short story, the number of novels has steadily increased. One marked trend is the use of the recent historical past as either setting or subject in novels. Several novels reviewed for HLAS 76 depict Omar Torrijos’ ascension to power, the Manuel Noriega years,

Literature: 21st Century Prose Fiction: Central America / 317

and the US invasion of Panama in 1989. While Ariel Barría Alvarado’s Las canciones que el público nos pide (item 1287) is an intriguing look at the impact of the Omar Torrijos coup on a small community in Panama, other novels are centered on Panama City and include major historical characters. Carlos Cortés’ Mojiganga (item 1295) offers an interesting take on Graham Greene’s friendship with Omar Torrijos and Fidel Castro. Both Andio Bares’ La inocencia del general and Federico G. Martínez’s Poemas del dictador (items 1286 and 1307) provide very detailed accounts of the Manuel Noriega years. While both novels present the Panamanian strongman as a fictional character (General Santos and Manuel Moro, respectively), each novel contains a wealth of historical detail and portrayals of real people and organizations. Each novel delves into the behind-the-scenes negotiations that allowed Noriega to consolidate power and manipulate leaders from the sidelines. Poemas del dictador (item 1307) is especially noteworthy for the detailed account of the 1989 invasion of Panama told from the disgraced dictator’s point of view. Finally, Carlos Fong’s Aviones dentro de la casa (item 1298) offers a fictional account of the 1989 invasion from the perspective of a military family who must survive the attack and subsequent violence and shortages. In contrast, Pablo Asis Navarro Icaza’s El Jarabe de la muerte o los inconvenientes de no saber chino (item 1311) focuses on the more recent past: the use of poisonous chemicals in cough syrup offered by the public health service that led to the death and permanent injury of hundreds of Panamanians. As in past years, short story collections are abundant. This biennium saw the publication of numerous single-author collections and anthologies. Of special note are Isabel Burgos’ letras minúsculas (item 1291), a collection of flash fiction that stands out for its wit and originality, and Gerardo Maloney’s Cuentos étnicos (item 1305), a series of short stories about the marginalized Afro-Caribbean community in Panama. As in past years, a number of short story collections depict life in rural areas, but during this review cycle, urban stories dominate. Like Gerard Maloney’s stories about English-speaking Afro-Caribbeans in Panama, Memorias de Bocas Town: la vida y tiempo de José Antonio Price (item 1315) offers an insightful depiction of this often overlooked community. An original cross between an historical document and a novel, the author, Ariel René Pérez Price, traces the life of his grandfather, one of the few Black physicians in Panama in the fi rst half of the 20th century, by exploring official documentation. Alongside his grandfather’s personal account, he narrates the rise and fall of Bocas Town, a thriving immigrant community where most descendants are from Germany, England, or the English-speaking Caribbean. In the course of documenting the personal story and history of the community, this compelling amalgam of novel and documentary covers key points of the civil rights movements, the rise and fall of Jamaican Black activist Marcus Garvey, and the dynamic role of the Atlantic coastal communities in the development of Central American nations. The large number of publications from Panama in comparison to previous years is testament to the increasing number of venues for both professional and amateur writers. In addition to university presses and government publications through the Ministerio de Cultura, independent presses, such as Editorial Fuga and Foro/taller Sagitario Ediciones, and self-publication offer new and established writers more options to reach a wider reading public. Given its position in global trade, its ethnic and racial diversity, and a dramatic recent history, Panama offers an incredibly rich field for fiction to explore. [FJ]

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1280 Acosta, Yolanda. Juay Cerromás y los burserps: una historia sobre el amor a la Tierra. Panamá: Editorial Fuga, 2017. 98 p. (Narrativa para jóvenes) This novel centers around the experiences of an Indigenous community in the rainforests of Panama. While tracing the cyclical lives of Juay Cerromás, the prince of the community, and his family, the novel includes details about communal life: the need to travel long distances for seasonal work, the cooperative community spirit necessary for survival, and the strong responsibility to be protectors of natural resources. Water, especially, is under threat by ominous forces, that surface in the form of shadows, and characters of mysterious origins. As members of Juay Cerromás’ community succumb to disease, he assumes leadership roles to defend his community from the threat of the burserps, mythical monsters who threaten to annihilate the community. The novel ends with a fi nal battle that seems more in tune with an Indigenous, eco-fantasy video game than a realistic confl ict. [FJ] 1281 Aguirre Aragõn, Erick. El meñique del ogro. San José: Uruk Editores, 2017. 381 p. (Colección Sulayom) In El meñique del ogro, the narrator Joaquín Medina blends history and fiction in such a way that leaves the reader frequently wondering whether characters and events are real. Telling his story to a group of young intellectuals in a Managua bar, Medina interpolates the historical events of his present day, Sandino’s 1934 assassination, renegade fighters in the Segovias in the 1990s, and September 11 with anachronistic conversations with José Ramón, Salman Rushdie, Juan Rulfo, Franz Galich, and other Latin American intellectuals and literary theorists. History and time collapse, and metanarrative techniques expose an intricate, ongoing conversation of writers and revolutionary thinkers who intermingle in our imaginations as living ghosts. Developed apropos the thrilling story of a Sandinista assassin, Medina reveals how reality mimics fiction, and fiction provides the ultimate digression and refuge from the hopelessness of postwar Nicaragua. [EF]

1282 Aire leve: una antología de narradores hondureños. Ilustraciones de Rigoberto Paredes Vélez. Tegucigalpa: Ediciones Librería Paradiso, 2017. 107 p.: ill., portraits. (Colección Narrativa) This collection provides brief biographies and short stories to unite the work of seven Honduran authors: Eduardo Bähr, Galel Cárdenas, Santiago Fúnez, Armando García, Jorge Miralda, Tatiana Sánchez, and Roberto Zapata. Each story is accompanied by illustrations by Rigoberto Andrés Paredes Veléz. Thematically diverse, the stories break from the trend in Honduran literature that centers thematically on sociopolitical commentary, as reflected in the collection’s title, Aire leve. [TCM] 1283 Antología de narradoras hondureñas. Compilación de Anarella Vélez Osejo. Tegucigalpa: ANDEH, Asociación Nacional de Escritoras de Honduras: Ediciones Librería Paradiso, 2016. 120 p. (Colección Cuentos hondureñas) This compilation of short stories features prominent Honduran female literary voices, including Xiomara Cacho Caballero (see item 1292), Francia Henríquez Benson, and Anarella Vélez Osejo. Touching on a variety of themes such as violence, feminism, emancipation, love, ownership, and sociopolitical movements in the country, each story addresses the harsh reality of life for Honduran women, including the unique experiences of Afro-Hispanic and immigrant women. The collection offers readers a window into the diverse ways that female writers have grappled with the political, social, and personal crises impacting their country. [TCM] 1284 Arias, Arturo. El precio del consuelo. Guatemala: F&G Editores, 2017. 285 p. One of the most recent additions to the Arias bibliography, this novel combines an existential tone with a procedural and a series of love stories, against the background of Guatemalan social instability. Arias’ main character, a freelance writer, fi nds himself in the middle of a political and emotional vortex while working on an article about the construction of the Chixoy dam. In this book, Arias combines a variety of conventions from different genres and offers

Literature: 21st Century: Central America: Prose Fiction / 319 a well-crafted and engaging story about Guatemalan history and society. This novel was also a fi nalist in the 2015 Certamen Banco Agrícola Mercantil literary contest Letras. [FSL]

1285 Ayes, Manuel. Infortunios. Tegucigalpa: Sistema Editorial Universitario, Universidad Pedagógica Nacional Francisco Morazán, 2017. 89 p. Infortunios is a collection of short stories that take place in Tegucigalpa and capture the tragedies and misunderstandings that come with young and adolescent life. Thematically varied, the stories narrate misfortunes such as unrequited love, loneliness and longing, and loss and deception. Ayes depicts the human experiences of love, fear, guilt, and confusion through an array of stories in which the reader experiences the ups and downs along with the protagonist. [TCM] 1286 Bares, Andio. La inocencia del general. Panamá: Fuga Editorial, 2015. 251 p. La inocencia del general is a fictionalized rendering of the 20 years of Panamanian history from Omar Torrijos’ grasp of power in 1968 to the US invasion of Panama in 1989. Though told from the point of view of the fictional character, Manuel Moro, there are real historical characters mentioned throughout, such as Presidents Nixon, Carter, Reagan and George Bush, Sr., as well as copious references to real historical events (Iran-Contra, Canal negotiations, Sandinista Revolution). The protagonist’s birth date and numerous other details reveal that Manuel Moro is essentially a stand-in for Manuel Noriega. As a result, the novel goes into great detail about the complex, behind-the-scenes conspiracies and negotiations that kept Noriega in command for decades. Moro is essentially Torrijos’ righthand man, with an ever-increasing role as a liaison between foreign special operations. The novel goes into great detail about how he consistently used his contacts to further his own rise to power. From the opening of the novel with Torrijos’ triumphant entrance into Panama City, it is clear that contacts within the US State Department and the CIA are aware of Moro’s influence in the Panamanian military forces. Moro

ends up being an observant witness to the great historical events of the fi nal decades of the 20th century (Watergate, the Sandinista Revolution, the Iran-Contra scandal, the fall of the Berlin Wall) as well as a cunning operative who simultaneously earns the trust of the US government while he feeds intelligence to the Israelis and sets up a complex trade ring, using Colombian drug money to fi nance Contra operations. As he works secretly, Moro solidifies his personal fortune and political power until the entire artifice comes crashing down with the US invasion of Panama, Moro’s capture, and later death in a Panamanian hospital. While strong on historical details, the novel is hard to follow because it is essentially a long historical review from Moro’s point of view. Characters surface briefly only to never reappear, and even important historical figures make only brief appearances. La inocencia del general falls short of its potential. However, it makes a convincing case that even a small country such as Panama can play an outsized role in global affairs. [FJ]

1287 Barría Alvarado, Ariel. Las canciones que el público nos pide. Panamá: Editorial Mariano Arosemena, 2015. 168 p.: ill. (Colección Ricardo Miró; 2014. Premio novela—Ricardo Miró 2014) Winner of the Ricardo Miró Prize in 2014, this novel is set in the times of the military coup that brought Omar Torrijos to power in 1968. Each chapter represents the notes of a fictional Salvadoran journalist who has decided to hand over the results of his investigation to an author friend in the hopes that he will rearrange it into a novel. Intrigued by a mysterious encounter with a Spanish Civil war refugee and poet in Matagalpa, Nicaragua, the Salvadoran journalist undertakes a trip to a remote location in Panama in search of El Rayo del Valle, an elusive radio personality active before and during the coup. While each chapter seems disconnected from the next, the stories of a quartet of main characters, a hacienda owner, his wife, a prostitute and El Rayo del Valle, slowly emerges. The novel delves into the radionovela craze of the 50s and 60s, and centers on the clandestine use of a popular radio program to send coded messages to the rebels hiding in the mountains as well as to the soldiers sent to battle them. As the

320 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 journalist moves from one story to the next, perpetually confounded about whether he is actually interviewing El Rayo or not, seemingly insignificant details, such as a Polaroid photo or the lyrics of a popular song, acquire additional meanings as different story lines unfold. At the end, the treasure map that the journalist thought he glimpsed in Matagalpa leads him to a discovery of a different, unexpected kind. [FJ]

and narrative structure that is simple and concise, devoid of complex literary techniques or rhetorical devices. Instead of a complicated literary style, the creation of the mystical and imaginary backdrop for the stories relies on the interactions of the characters and surroundings. Significantly, the stories conflate fantasy and reality as the plots feature real events that occurred in Bulnes’ childhood and adolescence. [TCM]

1288 Bendaña, Alejandro. Sandino: patria y libertad. Managua: Anamá Ediciones, 2016. 472 p., 96 unnumbered p.: bibl., ill., index, maps. Its printing delayed until early 2019 due to a lack of printing supplies and closed presses, Sandino: patria y libertad traces the early life and career of Augusto César Sandino. Bendaña delves into the intellectual, ideological, and spiritual formation of the hero and gives particular attention to national and international literary networks that participated in the formation and propagation of Sandino’s ideas. This cultural history, in addition to Bendaña’s assertion that Sandino’s legacy continues to be an invaluable—though contested—interpreter of current events, is an important contribution to Nicaraguan letters. See also HLAS 74:742. [EF]

1291 Burgos, Isabel. Letras minúsculas. Panamá: Editorial Fuga, 2017. 70 p. (Narrativa para adultos) This volume contains 36 short stories and microrrelatos (flash fiction), many only a page long. Letras minúsculas opens with 17 witty rewritings of traditional fairy tales, such as Little Red Riding Hood, Cinderella, and Sleeping Beauty. Many contain intertextual references to literature or pop culture. For example, “Caperucita noir” reenvisions the Little Red Riding Hood tale as a crime scene investigated by Sam Spade, “Nabokov” turns the wolf into a victim of a red-hooded temptress, and “Historia oficial” reframes Cinderella as a kind of Eva Perón. “La guerra” borrows the fi rst line of One Hundred Years of Solitude to begin the tale of a prince who remembers dancing with Cinderella before being shot by a fi ring squad, while “Felices para siempre” presents a very different outcome to Sleeping Beauty: she becomes a celebrity promoting a magic cream while the prince is ignored, eventually turning to alcohol, gambling, and adultery. The rest of the volume is dedicated to a miscellaneous collection of standalone short stories varying in length from one to four pages. Of note are “El acuerdo” where the typical trope of the secretary/ boss affair is turned on its head when she approaches the entire relationship as a business transaction, while he falls in love with her; “Morgana,” in which the pirate Henry Morgan settles down to a peaceful life of a Panamanian native, much to the consternation of his new wife who thinks he lacks ambition; and “Carta a una señorita en París de Parita” that reimagines Julio Cortázar’s short story in a Panamanian reality: while the original owner is in the countryside, the temporary tenant has allowed a herd of homeless drug addicts to take over the apartment. Letras minúsculas, Isabel Bur-

1289 Bennett, Jorge et al. Mudanzas. Coordinación de edición Carlos Wynter Melo. Panamá: Editorial Fuga, 2017. 91 p. (Narrativa para adultos) This anthology consists of short stories produced as part of a writing workshop led by the volume’s editor and writer of its prologue, Carlos Wynter Melo. Each contributor provided two to three short stories or articles. With the exception of Leyles Rubio León, none of the authors have been published previously. [FJ] 1290 Bulnes, Carlos E. El llanto de los gorriones. Honduras: Carlos Eduardo Bulnes, 2017. 219 p.: ill. Bulnes is a pediatrician who contributes this collection of short stories as a way to capture the imaginations of children and whisk the reader away into a world of horror. Each story portrays a young protagonist who navigates the innocence of adolescence in contrast to the harsh realities and cruelties of life. The prose features a language

Literature: 21st Century: Central America: Prose Fiction / 321 gos’ second short story collection, proves that this actress, director, and dramaturge has an excellent command of the short story genre. [FJ]

1292 Cacho Caballero, Xiomara. Rugüma: la pasión azabache. Ilustrado por Marlon Bey Avendaño, Imani Wafien Solíz y Jimmy Edward Arch. Tegucigalpa: Gobierno de la República de Honduras, Dirección Ejecutiva de Cultura y Artes, 2016. 161 p.: ill. This novel narrates the lives of Rugüma, Barana, Weyu, and Nerumun to center the plot on the realities and experiences of Afro-Honduran women, namely Garifunas. The novel highlights the dichotomy between the idyllic environment and rich cultural diversity that characterize Garifuna life and the pain and abuse that Garifuna women endure as part of their quotidian experiences at home. The lives of Rugüma, Barana, Weyu, and Neremun reveal the helplessness of victims who are unable to escape their abusers, as the characters ultimately fi nd themselves trapped in a life defi ned by sexual violence, poverty, deceit, and a constant struggle to survive. A Garifuna woman herself, Xiomara Cacho Caballero prioritizes making her culture and Garifuna experiences more visible to break the silence against the violence and denounce the denial of and impunity for crimes against Garifuna women. [TCM] 1293 Cameros, Gerber. Hechicero ambulante. Ciudad de Guatemala: Indeleble Editores, 2017. 365 p. (Colección Tinta definitiva. Novela; 7) Gameros, a physician, tells the story of what seems to be a traveling healer or curandero in this fragmentary novel composed of a series of anecdotes and adventures. While the premise is original, the language is trite and formulaic, the situations do not seem to belong to a particular country, and it offers an idealized view of campesino life. In short, this novel is more of a throwback than a new literary proposal because of its evident indebtness to the literature of the 1930s and 40s, centered on peasant life. [FSL] 1294 Campos, Gustavo. El libro perdido de Eduardo Ilussio Hocquetot. San Pedro Sula, Honduras: Editorial Nagg y Nell, 2018. 218 p.

Rather than a collection of short stories, El libro perdido brings together texts, essays, interviews, illustrations, and poems to center on the text’s main character, Eduardo Ilussio Hocquetot, who is a humorously witty and sarcastic writer. The fi rst part of the book, “Eduardo Ilussio Hocquetot,” focuses on the loss of the author’s book, his masterpiece. In the second part of the book, “Vidas posibles,” the reader accompanies Hocquetot on his literary journey, experiencing the processes of producing a text alongside the author. While offering a pointed critique of the cultural capitalism impacting the literary world that authors must navigate, the text is also grounded in the very real, very dark aspects of Honduran society. At one point, for example, the narrator recapitulates the dates of assaults committed in San Pedro Sula, a city known for its high levels of violence and poverty. [TCM]

1295 Cortés, Carlos. Mojiganga. Panamá: Editorial Tecnológica, Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá, 2015. 91 p. (Premio Centroamericano de Literatura Rogelio Sinán; 2014–2015) This novella, by the Costa Rican writer Carlos Cortés, was awarded the Premio Centroamericano de Literatura Rogelio Sinán 2014–2015. Departing from the intriguing friendship between the English writer Graham Greene and General Omar Torrijos, the novella evokes an air of mystery and espionage. In his 80s and living in Antibes, France, Green has been contacted to negotiate the return of Salvadorean hostages with ties to the FMLN. In a raid in Tegucigalpa, Honduras, the family of an undercover guerrilla was captured and presumably taken by the CIA. In conversation with a mysterious stranger, Greene learns that the long-time revolutionary he is meeting was the father of the target. He begs Greene to help recover his wife, daughter-inlaw, and grandchild. Feeling sympathy for this stranger, Greene undertakes a journey to Panama, even though he has pressing reasons to remain in France. Upon returning he reconnects with his friend and Torrijos confidante, Chuchú Martínez as well as Cohen, the son of a fictional spy and ex-colleague of Greene who went on to work in Israeli espionage. At this point Cohen

322 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 becomes a more important narrator, and the action moves to Cuba. The hostage negotiation storyline is revealed to be a pretext to get Greene back to Havana. Presumably, the family was killed in the raid. Then there is a detour into an apocryphal story about a false ceremony granting Jorge Luis Borges a Nobel Prize as well as an account purporting that Ernesto “Che” Guevara ate children to combat his asthma. The novel closes with Cohen as the narrator, recounting how Greene accused him of being responsible for eliminating Torrijos, who died in an airplane accident before the plan could be carried out. [FJ]

1296 Cuénteme cuentos catrachos. Dirección de Adrián A. Barquero. Tegucigalpa: Editorial Poeta, 2017. 140 p. (Colección Literatura hondureña) This collection features the short stories of eight 20th-century Honduran authors: Adolfo Alemán, Arturo Mejía Nieto, Víctor Cáceres Lara, Arturo Martínez Galindo, Federico Peck Fernández, Medardo Mejía, Hostilio Lobo, and Paca Navas de Miralda. Notably, only one of these authors is female. These prominent authors, essayists, journalists, and academics use their writing as a tool to address contemporary sociopolitical issues surrounding the 2009 coup and the years that followed, encouraging readers not to erase this period from their memory. [TCM] 1297 Ehlers S. Prestán, Sonia. Conciliación. Panamá: Rasiri ediciones, 2015. 146 p. (Novela) Narrated nonchronologically, the novel traces the interactions of the Calles family and an Indigenous young man, Anastasio, who worked in their house as a caretaker and domestic helper. The novel opens with legal negotiations as both parties attempt a reconciliation. As the novel progresses, more of Anastasio’s backstory is revealed: his Ngäbe-Buglé heritage, peripatetic childhood, abusive family life, homosexuality, rape as a teenager, and struggles to improve his lot in life. While the Calles had been supportive of Anastasio, giving him a work schedule that allowed him to attend school, training him to do his job in their household, permitting frequent absences, and overlooking less than stellar work per-

formance, Anastasio has now accused the family of withholding pay and general mistreatment. Through the legal processes and a series of flashbacks, the story of Anastasio and the Calles family, as well as the machinations of a vindictive neighbor, emerges. In the end, there is no reconciliation because Anastasio, who had been involved in prostitution without the Calles knowledge, dies of AIDS before the third and fi nal negotiation session. While the topic holds some promise, the insertion of descriptive chapters that offer a backstory for characters or explain socioeconomic problems slow down the plot considerably. The negotiations themselves would have made a suspenseful short story, but the constant tangents into explanatory chapters that do not advance the plot make this novel unwieldy and more like a treatise than fiction. [FJ]

1298 Fong A., Carlos E. Aviones dentro de la casa. Panamá: Foro/taller Sagitario Ediciones, 2016. 146 p. (Premio de novela corta Sagitario Ediciones; 2015–2016) Awarded the Premio de Novela Corta Sagitario Ediciones 2015–2016, this novel centers on events during the US invasion of Panama in 1989. Focusing on the experiences of one family, the novel has multiple narrative voices and graphic descriptions of the hardships ordinary Panamanians suffered. Stranded at home during the invasion, with dwindling food and money, the mother and daughters, one of whom is disabled, struggle to survive. Since the father is part of Noriega’s military, the household is under a great deal of stress. In addition to food scarcity and conflicting rumors, they fear their house is being watch by American soldiers who may attack at any time. As the days pass and their lives, as well as those of their neighbors, become increasingly difficult, they destroy personal photos in the hopes of protecting the father who has gone to warn colleagues about the imminent foreign invasion. Shunned by most acquaintances, fearful of possible night bombings, and unsure of where to seek help, the women valiantly try to make sense of their changed surroundings and circumstances. [FJ] 1299 Gómez, Juan Antonio. Nuevas narraciones panameñas: (contiene: guía para el comentario literario de un texto

Literature: 21st Century: Central America: Prose Fiction / 323 narrativo). Panamá: Imprenta Articsa/Alma Mater Ediciones, 2016. 192 p. This anthology of 21 short stories is organized into three sections: legends, short stories, and traditions. Clearly intended for classroom use, the volume is based on a previous model created by Berta María Cabezas titled “Narraciones panameñas.” The anthology includes a guide for its use as well as a review of terms important to narrative analysis. Each section begins with a brief introduction about the type of writing (legends, short stories and traditions) followed by a selection of contemporary texts. After each text are activities for the students. [FJ]

1300 Gonzalez, Daniel. Cuentos fantásticos. Panamá: Imprenta Colón, 2016. 68 p. This self-published collection contains nine short stories that evoke myths, legends, and events from Panama’s past. [FJ] 1301 González, Héctor Aquiles. El sabor del barrio y la calle. Panamá: Foro/ taller Sagitário Ediciones, 2017. 102 p. (Colección “Cuentos de taller”) After a prologue by Enrique Jaramillo Levi, the 32 short stories are bookended by two vignettes that allow us to wander the streets of Panama City where vendors, criminals, boxers, crack addicts, prostitutes, and many other Panamanians mingle. The section titles, “La peatonal” and “Zona roja,” refer to the particular areas of the city where the stories are set. The third section, “Barrios de trifulca” is a reference to a popular newspaper column, as well as street brawls—trifulca is a colloquial expression meaning street fight.The fi nal one, “La ñapa,” is an added section, just as a vendor adds a little something to a purchase to show appreciation to a client. All the stories are very short. The longest, at four pages, is the opening story, “El paciente de la cama.” Like an impressionist painter, Aquiles González paints a portrait of the streets and the people that inhabit them, describing incidents, arguments, clashes, and small moments of life, giving the reader a kaleidoscope of the color and shape of the poor and working-class neighborhoods of Panama City. [FJ] 1302 Historias de dos ciudades: cuentistas de Panamá y El Salvador. Antología de Enrique Jaramillo Levi y Jorge Ávalos.

Panamá: Foro/taller Sagitario Ediciones, 2017. 119 p. (Cuentos) Inspired by the title of Dickens’ novel Tale of Two Cities, this anthology is the fourth entry in Foro/taller Sagitario Ediciones effort to provide readers with quality short stories by establishing ties between Panamanian writers and authors of another Spanish-speaking country. Enrique Jaramillo Levi selected eight previously published short stories by established Panamanian authors, while Jorge Ávalos selected eight by Salvadoran writers. In contrast to the other anthologies in this series, Historias de dos ciudades: cuentistas de Panamá y El Salvador focuses on stories set in urban environments. Moreover, the publication criteria concentrated on writers who had published at least one short story collection, were still alive, and were born after 1957. While admitting to a certain arbitrariness in the criteria, the editors clarify that they tried to balance well-known figures with relative newcomers in order to reach a wider audience of readers. The section of Panamanian short stories includes Consuelo Tomás Fitzgerald, Félix Armando Quirós Tejeira, Olga de Obaldía, Eduardo Soto P., Luigi Lescure, Cheri Lewis G., and Julio Moreira Cabrera. [FJ]

1303 Jaspe Lescure, Eduardo. Malos agüeros. Panamá: Foro/taller Sagitario Ediciones, 2015. 104 p. (Colección “Cuentos de taller”) Malos agüeros, Jaspe Lescure’s second publication, begins with an introduction by Enrique Jaramillo-Levi and organizes the 15 short stories in three categories: Tormentas, Arcanos and Malos agüeros. The opening story, “Isidra espera que llueva en la noche” slowly builds to reveal the life of a poor seamstress awaiting the arrival of her drunk and abusive husband. As she sees a storm growing on the horizon, she imagines him falling and dying, an outcome she guarantees with some judiciously spilled motor oil. “Cosita buena” also sees the world from a working-class perspective as a housemaid narrowly escapes being murdered by an abusive taxi driver. However, not all stories are set in a contemporary reality. “La cuarta evolución” envisions a futuristic world where implants allow mind reading, making oral communication and

324 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 education unnecessary, while the fantastic story “Conmemoraciones” presents a tattooed man who transforms into a celluloid fi lm of his own life. Generally, these stories focus on creating a certain ambiance before introducing plot elements. [FJ]

1304 López, José Raúl. Alguien dibuja una sombra. Tegucigalpa: Editorial Universitaria, 2017. 179 p. Winner of the Premio Centroamericano de Novela Mario Monteforte Toledo from Guatemala, this novel takes place during Honduras’ “lost decade” of the 1980s. The plot follows the narrator, a teacher from San Pedro Sula, who receives an email from the future from a character from his childhood: Fántomas, or the “frock coat man.” Fántomas seeks the teacher’s help to determine the whereabouts of those who are “erased from the map.” The novel appears to be written as a crime or mystery novel, though eventually it is revealed that Fántomas is actually an imaginary character who follows the narrator like a shadow in his investigations. Throughout the development of the narrative, the use of the subjunctive tense, the temporal jumps between time periods, theatrical elements like the breaking of the fourth wall, and the narrator’s soliloquy-like contemplations contribute to the blurring of the line between what is real and what is imagined. [TCM] 1305 Maloney, Gerardo. Cuentos étnicos. Panamá: Editorial Formato 16, 2015. 115 p. These 17 short stories, rich in period detail and local language, are a worthwhile introduction to Afro-Panamanian culture. As the English-speaking, Protestant descendants of Caribbean nationals (and often British subjects) who came to Panama to work on the construction of the canal, the children and grandchildren of these immigrants from Barbados, Jamaica, and other Caribbean islands continue to occupy a marginal position in comparison to Panamanian citizens, Zonians and US citizens. Cuentos étnicos captures the dynamics and confl icts between these diverse groups perfectly. The opening story, “Franky,” portrays a streetwise, Afrocentrist intellectual. Franky understands how the world is organized and realizes his marginal status

within it, but he is adamant in his rejection of a white, Eurocentric world. Rather than play along, he prefers to read at bus stops. “El odio” explores the rivalry between native Panamanians and Afro-Caribbean descendants through the long-standing feud between Pedro and George. “Lito” portrays another Afro-Panamanian character, but this time the protagonist resolves his confl ict of identity by joining the US military. Lito expresses his long-standing hatred of the Panamanian police who harassed him during his youth, but he feels equally out of place in the US armed forces. Other stories, such as “Panamá Chaly,” “Shaty,” “Ceferino Rodríguez,” “Jay Best” and “Mista Williams” present portraits of Afro-Panamanians who populate the city. The powerful short story “Nueve de enero” likewise documents the Afro-Panamanian experience. The protagonist, Richardo Clark, is a reluctant participant in the antiAmerican protests demanding Panamanian sovereignty, because he lives in North Carolina and serves in the US military. Despite his awareness of racism within the armed services (as a Black man, he will always be placed in a position of greater danger), he reluctantly joins his Panamanian friends in the protest. He leaves the military and returns to Panama, but his black skin and English last name are barriers to securing a job. The story closes with his return to the States and a nostalgic look at the Isthmus that rejected him and his sacrifice. This volume contains a preface by the author and an introduction by Ian Isadore Smart (Howard University). [FJ]

1306 Mariscal, Alex. Memoria en azul esmerilado: novela. Ilustraciones interiores por Roberto Fajardo. Panamá: EUPAN, Editorial Universitaria Carlos Manuel Gasteazoro, 2016. 117 p.: ill. Bookended by the assessment of a psychologist beginning his career, the core of the novel consists of fragmentary writings by the subject under observation, Itxela. Of mixed race, she has been subjected to strict isolation by her white mother. In her diary and letters, she reveals her resentment of her mother, who abandoned the possibility of a respectable marriage because she gave birth to an out-of-wedlock child whose father was Black. Obsessed with keeping her daughter

Literature: 21st Century: Central America: Prose Fiction / 325 from committing the same mistake, she keeps Itxela locked in her room, obligating her to take private ballet lesson and read French literature, while denying her what she would most like to do: paint and be outside in nature. Itxela secretly escapes to the woods where she meets a mysterious stranger whom she professes to love. Once she is pregnant, her mother forces her to abort, sending her daughter into a spiral of depression and suicide attempts. Through Itxela’s rambling, repetitive writings, it is possible to piece together what might have happened. The doctors at the mental hospital subject her to medication and straitjackets, and fail to help her, resulting in the admissions of failure by the psychologist in charge that begin and end the novel. [FJ]

1307 Martínez, Federico G. Poemas de un dictador. Panamá: Fondo de Cultura Panameño, 2017. 273 p. Beginning and ending with the narrative voice of a freelance journalist, the novel consists of the transcript of an extensive, five-day interview with the jailed former dictator, General Santos. After a brief review of the trip to the prison El Convento to interview the disgraced, now octogenarian dictator, several details make it clear that Santos is a fictionalized version of Manuel Noriega. The interview begins by reviewing details of his childhood, education, and eventual rise to power, as well as extensive information about the Torrijos years, collaboration with US and Israeli intelligence, and participation in the Iran-Contra scandal. The US invasion of Panama in 1989 is narrated in much detail, offering an account of how Santos eluded capture for several days, sought the protection of the Vatican City embassy, and subsequently was taken to the US for prosecution on drug trafficking charges. Later, Santos tells of his time in US and French prisons. Throughout the interview, Santos provides names of supporters, collaborators, and rivals, clarifying aspects of key events. Most of the novel is told in Santos’ words with occasional interruption by the narrator to ask further questions. The novel’s ending coincides with the end of the interview, the return of the interview team to Panama City, and the announcement that the dictator has died in jail the day after their departure. [FJ]

1308 Martínez, Kalki. Virgen y otros cuentos. San Pedro Sula, Honduras: Tres Orillas Editorial, 2017. 103 p. This collection features five stories that narrate the different experiences of people living in the inescapable world of urban violence in Honduras. Violence is the thread that unites the five stories, yet the texts demonstrate the distinct affective experiences that such violence can provoke, such as dehumanization, paranoia, alienation, revenge, anger, and fear. The titular “Virgen,” for example, centers on a girl named Suyapa to show how the pervasive violence in her life—at home and in the streets— has fundamentally shaped her identity and behavior. [TCM] 1309 Martínez Mejía, Jorge. Los poetas del grado cero: un buen día, un grupo de jóvenes poetas hondureños decidieron asesinar a la poesía. Tegucigalpa: JK Editores, 2017. 271 p. This novel details the story of a group of writers—Yorch, Gustavo Campos, Darío Calix, Nelson Ordóñez, and Karen Valladeres—who initiate a literary movement to assassinate poetry. They do so through the symbolic act of burning a beret on El Meredón mountain in San Pedro Sula. The novel focuses almost entirely on this event, which is narrated from the comedic and vulgar perspectives of the different characters. The fragmented plotline features a combination of texts, short narratives, poems, messages from social media, and a French student’s journal notes. The novel offers a postmodern, experimental approach in its structure as it avoids the common themes of violence and desperation that are prevalent in many other Honduran literary works. In its reflection on literature itself, the novel advocates for new ways of writing as it critiques the old literary traditions aligned with poetry. [TCM] 1310 Méndez, Francisco Alejandro. Saga de libélulas. Guatemala: Editorial Cultura, 2017. 321 p., 2 unnumbered pages of plates: color maps (folded). (Narrativa) (Colección narrativa guatemalteca. Serie Miguel Ángel Asturias; 45) At a relatively young age, Francisco Méndez has achieved a well-deserved reputation as a storyteller. When he was awarded

326 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 the Premio Nacional de Literatura Miguel Angel Asturias in 2017, he joined the ranks of figures such as Francisco Morales Santos, Ana María Rodas, Luis Alfredo Arango, and Margarita Carrera. In this novel, which marks the fi rst appearance of his detective Wenceslao Pérez Chanán, Méndez weaves a complex narrative that spins in different directions and settings, from Germany and Italy to Guatemala. Its scope includes characters ranging from police officers and writers to drug smugglers, while playing with the reader through an innovative break of the fourth wall. [FSL]

1311 Navarro Icaza, Pablo Asís. El jarabe de la muerte, o, los inconvenientes de no saber chino. Panamá: EUPAN, Editorial Universitaria Carlos Manuel Gasteazoro, 2015. 154 p. Based on real events, this novel addresses how a toxic substance was used to prepare cough medicines for the Panamanian public health system. Through a diverse array of characters, the thriller style narrative delves into different aspects of this scandal. One storyline follows a family of Spanish refugees who have built a successful pharmaceutical empire in Panama. Unknowingly, the matriarch, who was fundamental in founding and growing the business, is held accountable for the importation of the toxic substance. Unfortunately, it was her son-in-law who switched suppliers to a cheaper provider. As a result, a shipment of mislabeled glycerin was distributed to health care facilities with lethal consequences. To complicate matters, the son-inlaw is also involved in tax evasion and possibly other illegal dealing. Another narrative thread traces the efforts of a journalist to uncover the source of the toxic substance, dubious practices that expose corruption in public health, and possible cover-ups to keep the public ignorant of the number of deaths. Interspersed are the testimonies of individuals affected by the toxic substance, which appear as part of the journalist’s investigations. The journalist’s investigations expose a global trade originating in China, where legal loopholes allowed a former tailor to export industrial glycerin not intended for human consumption as a pharmaceutical ingredient. Thanks to globalization, the mislabeled shipment passes from distribu-

tor to distributor, eventually ending up in Barcelona before being sold to Panama. During this entire trajectory, no one tests the substance or verifies the content, and in the end, no one is held accountable for the hundreds of deaths in Panama. This novel received a special mention in the Ricardo Miró competition of 2014. [FJ]

1312 Obaldía, Olga de. Cuentos elementales: (o los desafueros del aire, la tierra, el agua y el fuego). Panamá: Editorial Tecnologica, Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá, 2017. 66 p.: ill. (Premio Nacional de Cuento José María Sánchez; 2016) As Ariel Barría’s preface clarifies, Cuentos elementales, based on the four elements, is de Obaldía’s second book of short stories and the recipient of the Premio Nacional de Cuento José María Sánchez. While each of the four longer short stories is organized around air, earth, water, and fi re, there are variations of setting and time between them. The fi rst one, “La otra ladera del Volcán,” is about a failed professional who loses his wife and business to his former partner. In an attempt to start over, he rents a remote, primitive cabin where he plans to write the novel he has been thinking about for years, but the solitude forces him to abandon these plans. The impressive “Luna de sangre” is set in 1953 and is about a couple struggling with infertility and longing for a child. Both “Nunca” and “Roto corazón” are set in present-day Panama, with the latter having to do with a blog that records unhappy love stories and stalking. Each short story is well crafted, with a brief prologue and epilogue to tie the collection together. [FJ] 1313 Obando, Leoncio. La novela histórica de Octavio Méndez Pereira: Núñez de Balboa, o, El tesoro del Dabaibe; Tierra fi rme. Adaptación escénica por Leoncio Obando Q. Panamá: Universidad de Panamá, 2016. 60 p.: ill. (some color). This volume contains the scripts for the dramatization of two historical novels by Octavio Méndez Pereira, a distinguished writer and educator in Panama and one of the founding members of the University of Panama (as well as its fi rst rector). Leonicio Obando Quintero, who adapted both novels for radio dramatizations which were

Literature: 21st Century: Central America: Prose Fiction / 327 broadcast via the national public radio and television system (SERTV) in 2012, wrote the prologue to this volume. The fi rst script is based in the 1934 novel Nuñez de Balboa o El tesoro de Dabaide. The story centers on Vasco Nuñez de Balboa’s betrayal by Pedrarias Dávila. In this work, the Spanish explorer is cast as a romantic figure who negotiates amicably with the Native inhabitants, thereby running afoul of Spanish authority. The fact that he was the fi rst Spaniard to lay claim to the Mar del Sur (Pacific Ocean) does not spare him from backstabbing and intrigue among his fellow conquistadores. His romantic relationship with a Indigenous princess, Anayansi, and the support he receives from local tribes exacerbates his problem. The dramatization ends with his execution in 1519. Tierra fi rme centers on an unrequited love story between the English pirate Sir Henry Morgan and a noblewoman, María del Pilar Santa Cruz y Ayala, whom he captures in Panama. Captivated by her beauty, he initially plans to force her into marriage, but eventually he sets her free to return to her husband. The dramatization is Henry Morgan’s retelling of the incident in English court. [FJ]

1314 Pérez, Roberto Carlos. Un mundo maravilloso. Washington, D.C.: Casasola Editores, 2017. 79 p. This short novel takes the form of a long suicide note by a young poet whose childhood was marked by civil war and abuse by a foster mother. The novel’s dedication “a los que cada cuarenta segundos toman la decisión de irse sin ser jamás comprendidos” calls attention to the sociocultural state of despair in Nicaragua, which has the highest teen suicide rate in Latin America and where suicide is the leading cause of death among young people (p. 7). Pérez’s novel reflects on the role of poetry in Nicaragua, particularly during the Sandinista Revolution, and the startling silence of young poets in the wake of a totalitarian government whose systematic oppression has stolen hope from an entire generation: “El mutismo, presentía, era nuestra manera de llevar a cabo un levantamiento pacífico” (p. 38). The narrator dies from asphyxia, smiling as if at peace, with no signs of struggle. [EF]

1315 Pérez Price, Ariel Rene. Memorias de Bocas Town: la vida y tiempo de José Antonio Price. Panamá: Editorial Fuga, 2017. 241 p.: bibl., ill. (Narrativa para adultos) The most accurate description of this volume would be to compare it to a documentary that exists in written form because it alternates between the story of Miss Hilda Price and her son José Antonio Price and the significant historical events that took place in Panama from the 1880s to the early 1950s. The book opens with a brief history of the founding of Bocas Town, establishing its unique history as a center for immigrants from Europe, the US, and the Caribbean. After this initial chapter, all events narrated deal with the confl icts between liberal and conservative parties in Colombia, and later Panama, the Guerra de Mil Días, the independence of Panamá and the development of Bocas Town as a provincial capital. Alternating between the stories of Hilda Price (who immigrated from British Honduras, now Belize) and her son, and the larger context of local and national politics, Memorias de Bocas Town is an informative document of the development of this unique part of Panamá with its strong ties to Afro-Caribbean communities along the Atlantic Coast. The novelized portions of the text, depicting the lives of the Prices and other figures, exist between passages that describe real historical events supported by research and textual evidence. As a result, this volume offers unique insights into such important events as the rise of the United Fruit Company, the Afro-Caribbean diaspora on the Atlantic coast of Central America and the impact of racism on Black professionals. In later chapters, we follow José Antonio Price’s experience in Jamaica and the US, where he pursues a medical degree in an historically Black institution in the segregated South. After experiencing segregation and Jim Crow fi rst-hand, he returns to Bocas Town to establish a private practice, hospital, and pharmacy. The book continues to explore his story until his death in 1951, paying especial attention to the impact of World Wars I and II on Bocas Town and its multi-racial, multi-ethnic, and multi-national inhabitants, as well as the rise and fall of Marcus Garvey. The last chapter serves as an epilogue, clarify-

328 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 ing that the author is the grandson of José Antonio Price, and by exploring the life and times of his grandfather, he is also shedding light on a part of Panama’s past that tends to be forgotten in a country that ignores Afro-Panamanian communities and regions not directly connected with Panama City and the Canal. With ample footnotes throughout the volume, Memories de Bocas Town offers the reader an in-depth exploration of the impact of multiple immigrant communities (British, German, American, and Caribbean) on the development of Panama, as well as an alternative national history that proposes a more inclusive view of the complex forces that shaped the country. [FJ]

1316 Pérez-Talavera, María. Umbrales líquidos. Panamá: Foro/taller Sagitario Ediciones, 2015. 127 p. (Colección “Cuentos de taller”) This collection of 14 short stories by the Venezuelan-born author is part of an effort by the Foro/taller Sagitario Ediciones to promote new writers. As the title suggests, the concept of threshold and the promise of transformation are central topics. The opening short story, “Branquial,” explicitly presents the theme by centering the action on a young man who transforms himself into a sea creature. Other stories, such as “El canto de la muda,” “La cura” and “100% positive reviews” are about moments when lives are transformed in significant ways. While other stories, such as “Early Check Out” and “En vano,” touch on the current situation in Venezuela, most are situated in 21st-century Panama with frequent references to the intrusion of modern technology into daily life. [FJ] 1317 Pertuz Suarez, Jairo H. Cuentos de un mundo globalizado. Panamá: s.n., 2015. 114 p. This self-published collection contains six short stories. The fi rst section presents them in Spanish, while subsequent sections repeat them in French and English. The writer has worked as a journalist and reporter in Panama and Colombia. [FJ] 1318 Pretelt Serrano, Thatiana. La piedra de la isla: novela. Panamá: EUPAN, Editorial Universitaria Carlos Manuel Gasteazoro, 2016. 170 p.: ill.

This novel alternates between the modern-day protagonist, Lucía, and a mysterious text about a 17th-century witch, Aura. Lucía is a confused university student whose life is in crisis: alienated from her mother, traumatized by the murder of her father, and unsure of her future, the death of her much beloved aunt, Tía Lita, sets her into even more of a tailspin. After fi nding a book among Tía Lita’s possession, Lucía becomes obsessed with Aura’s story of a confederation of women who worship the destructive powers of the sea and Aura’s quest to rid herself of a curse that killed her mother and has plagued her life. Lucía not only identifies with Aura, but begins to suspect that Lita was a witch, and that perhaps she is one too. As the novel careens from one emotionally wrought crisis to another, Lucía slowly pieces together Aura’s story and its connection with her own life. [FJ]

1319 Ramírez, Sergio. Ya nadie llora por mí. Barcelona: Alfaguara, 2017. 356 p. (Narrativa hispánica) Inspector Dolores Morales is resurrected from Ramírez’s 2008 novel, El cielo llora por mí, (see HLAS 68:1919) to investigate the disappearance of Marcela, stepdaughter of a Nicaraguan business tycoon. Morales, accompanied by the guardian spirit of his former partner, fi nds himself in the Managuan underworld of the Mercado Oriental, where he is assisted by former friends from the guerrilla troops who traffic in drugs, sex, abortion, and care for Nicaragua’s most marginalized people. With the protection of the Rey de los Zopilotes— the market’s crime boss and “King of the Buzzards”—they fi nd Marcela and help her denounce her stepfather for years of sexual abuse before engineering her escape to Miami. The stepfather prevails, his wife and the business community rallying behind him. In this thinly veiled allegory of Ortega’s impunity in allegations of molesting his stepdaughter, Murillo’s metal Trees of Life menace the deforested Nicaraguan landscape and serve as a constant symbol of corruption among the Sandinista elite. When the stepfather kidnaps Morales and his compañeros, they defy instructions to remain exiled in Honduras and return to the Mercado Oriental to fight secretly against crime and corruption. [EF]

Literature: 21st Century: Central America: Prose Fiction / 329

1320 Resonancias: cuentos breves de Panamá y Venezuela. Antología por Carolina Fonseca y Joel Bracho Ghersi. Panamá: Articruz: Foro/taller Sagitario Ediciones, 2016. 173 p. (Cuentos) This anthology of short stories is the third anthology published by Foro/taller Sagitario Ediciones that seeks to establish a creative dialogue between writers in Panama and another Spanish-speaking country. While the previous volumes paired Panama with Mexico and Spain, the current partnership is with Venezuela. This volume focuses on short short stories of the microrrelato or minificción genre with the purpose of introducing the reader to established writers with at least one publication. Most stories are only a page long, with the longest occupying two pages. As a result, each selected author is represented by three to five short stories, giving the reader more opportunities to explore each author. All stories in this anthology have been previously published. Each country is represented by 13 writers. The Panama portion concentrates on short stories published originally between 1988 and 2016 and includes Isabel Burgos, Héctor M. Collado, Pedro Crenes Castro, Juan Antonio Gómez, Enrique Jaramillo Levi, Javier Medina Bernal, A. Morales Cruz, Bertalicia Peralta, Roberto Pérez-Franco, Benjamín Ramón, Melanie Taylor Herrera, Maribel Wong González, and Carlos Wynter. The anthology opens with a prologue written by Enrique Jaramillo Levi. Carolina Fonseca opens the Panamanian section of the volume, while Joel Bracho Ghersi introduces the Venezuelan half of the collection. [FJ] 1321 Rey Rosa, Rodrigo. El país de Toó. Barcelona: Alfaguara, 2018. 298 p. (Narrativa hispánica) A study of Rey Rosa’s literary output reveals his penchant for conspiratorial narratives, and this novel is no exception. The title alludes to a fictional country, but the characters and events make this work appear as a roman à clef. There is an acerbic criticism of the forces that drive a superficial economic progress at the expense of natural resources and Indigenous cultures. The main characters, a former gang member from El Salvador known as Cobra, and a Guatemalan activist called Polo Yrrarraga, form part of an intense story involving gov-

ernmental corruption and political violence with intrigues and plots among the different factions. [FSL]

1322 Rodríguez, Giovanni. Los días y los muertos. Tegucigalpa: Editorial Universitaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, 2016. 233 p. (Colección Laurel) Based on a combination of fiction and reality, this novel takes place in modern-day San Pedro Sula, a city known for its crime and corruption. The plot is divided into three sections that weave narrative events focused on López, a journalist who works for the homicide section of the local newspaper, and Rodríguez, a character who kills his friend. The web of events that comprise this narrative lay bare the corruption, violence, prostitution, drug trafficking, and money laundering that mark Honduran urban life. An easy-to-read novel, the text offers a poignant critique of the violence and insecurity plaguing Honduras as it demonstrates the ways that some people have become desensitized to the suffering of others. [TCM] 1323 Rosario Gálvez, Desirée Denise del. Acuarela. Panamá: Fuga Editorial, 2015. 88 p. (Narrativa) This fi rst-time author includes six short stories in this collection. All the stories center on realities in contemporary Panama, focusing on urban settings. The opening story, “Acuarela” recounts the tragedy of an African immigrant who thinks he has found safety in Panama City. While he manages to escape Sharia law which persecutes him for his homosexuality, he is senselessly murdered during an armed robbery in the store where he works. “El diputado” also takes place in an urban setting, but this time the protagonist is a homeless drug addict who falls in love with a prostitute. “El último capellán” tells a quasi-ghost story about the unhappy spirits that linger when a prison is torn down to make way for lowincome housing, and “La bata azul” traces the struggles of a young single mother of a child with special needs. [FJ] 1324 Samaniego Duarte, José Antonio. Un caballero de armadura: relatos, escritos y otras ocurrencias. Panama: s.n., 2016. 86 p. This self-published volume contains 17 short texts prefaced by a prologue writ-

330 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 ten by Mariela Mendoza de Quezada. While some are labeled as short stories and others as reminiscences, they are really reflections about personal experiences of the author. [FJ]

1325 Tierra breve: antología centroamericana de minificción. Selección y prólogo de Federico Hernández Aguilar. San Salvador: Centroamericana, 2017. 354 p.: bibl. (Colección Istmania; 1) This anthology includes 153 writers with 346 flash fictions from across the six countries of Central America. In his introduction, the editor provides a brief history of the rise of the minifiction genre in Central America through national anthologies, literary journals, and Sergio Ramírez’s annual event, Centroamérica Cuenta. Nicaragua is represented through the work of 26 authors, including the late Claribel Alegría and Vidaluz Meneses Robleto. Microfiction, which is characterized by wit and ironic turns, is a fitting genre for the pervasive cynicism and violence (particularly violence against women) of contemporary Nicaragua. Other themes include criticism of the tyrannical Ortega regime (Sergio Ramírez), Miskitu culture (Yolanda Rossman), the role of literature in the developing world (Juan Sobalvarro), neoliberalism (Alberto Sánchez Arguello) and domestic violence (Rossman, Martha Cecilia Ruíz, Christianne TabladaBravo, Daniel Ulloa). [EF] 1326 Torres Funes, Ariel. Travesía contra el viento. Tegucigalpa: Editorial Guay muras: Casa Alianza, 2017. 246 p. (Colección Fragua) The plot centers on three castaway children—Josué, Edwin, and Jairo—as they escape their dangerous, desolate lives in Honduras to embark on the journey to the US in search of the “American Dream.” The characters’ youthful innocence and naiveté starkly contrasts with the reality of the transnational journey north, which features violence, deaths, harassment, rapes, gangs, starvation, and insecurity. The reader learns of the children’s background and the social conditions that lead the children to decide to migrate north and cross the border. Like many Honduran children each year, they decide to risk their lives to go to the US to escape the violence in Honduras, even

though they may face fear, social exclusion, and deportation. This novel is ultimately a call to action to readers to take steps toward transforming the narratives of real-life castaway children, who navigate the challenges of daily violence in Honduras and the difficulties of migrating to the US. [TCM]

1327 Varela, Jairo. Cuando me encuentre. Tegucigalpa: Alpha Print, 2017. 147 p. The plot of this novel follows the life of a typical 17-year-old girl, Andrea. As a teenager, she confronts the everyday challenges of adolescence, such as family life, school, and relationships. The reader accompanies Andrea on this journey of self-discovery, self-analysis, and emotional development as she navigates her relationships with other people and her environment. This fictional account underscores the importance of these formative years and the transition to adulthood, highlighting the need for care and compassion to ensure that adolescents become better members of our communities and society at large. [TCM] 1328 Wynter Melo, Carlos Oriel. Ojos para ver una invasión. Ilustraciones por Enrique Jaramillo Barnes. Ciudad de Guatemala: Piedra Santa, 2017. 115 p.: ill. (Colección Mar de tinta; 12) Though Wynter Melo is a well-known writer from Panama, his novel was published in Guatemala as part of a collection devoted to Central American letters. His novel retells the events of December 1989, when American troops invaded Panama and overthrew General Manuel Antonio Noriega. However, far from a relatively traditional historical narrative, Wynter incorporates at least three narrative voices (a man who works as Noriega’s stand-in, an insomniac prostitute, and a nameless female narrator) to present a multidimensional view, not just of the invasion, but of the events that preceded it. With powerful, yet evocative language, Wynter retells key moments in Panamanian history to present a view of the Noriega regime. [FSL] 1329 Wynter Melo, Carlos Oriel. Pecados: selección temática de narraciones. Panamá: FUGA Editorial, 2014. v, 107 p. (Cuento) The Afro-Panamanian writer Carlos Oriel Wynter Melo has organized these 13

Literature: 21st Century: Central America: Literary Criticism and History / 331 short stories around the theme of the seven cardinal sins. All of the short stories in this collection were previously published between 2001 and 2014, most notably Desnudo (2001), Invisible (2003), Cuentos con salsa (2007) and La libreta de Ariadna (2014). As the didactic sections at the end of the volume indicate, the recompilation of these stories is intended for study and discussion. All stories reflect 21st-century realities, so “Mis mensajes en botellas de champaña” is a series of email messages, effectively recreating the epistolary style for a contemporary audience, “La mujer de al lado” takes place in blocks of identical apartment buildings, and “Desnudo” is about an international male fashion model. “Hombre y mujer” presents an interesting situation of gender fluidity when the male protagonist becomes female after the birth of his daughter. “Boxeador” stands out as a gripping psychological account of a boxer plagued by nightmares stemming from childhood weakness. Some stories, such as “La canción más bella del mundo” and “El hambre del hombre” have fantastic elements. While race does not figure prominently in these stories and many stories do not have a strong sense of place, there are flashes of a certain consciousness of the Caribbean diaspora. [FJ] LITERARY CRITICISM AND HISTORY

1330 Altamar, Raúl et al. Culpa compartida: antología de narrativa panameña y colombiana. Selección y escritos introductorios de Álvaro Valderas y Betuel Bonilla Rojas. Panamá: Editorial Fuga, 2017. 137 p.: bibl. This anthology includes 10 selections from Panamanian authors and 10 from Colombian writers. Selected and introduced by Álvaro Valderas, the Panamanian writers represent a broad selection of established writers over the age of 30, concentrating on the last decades of the 20th century to the present day. A commonality among these writers is their internationalism in the sense that most are bilingual or trilingual, have lived outside of Panama, or are foreign nationals who reside and write in Panama. As Valderas states, thematically the selections deal with globalization, rural areas of Panama’s interior, and marginalized groups,

such as Indigenous or Caribbean populations. While the anthology concentrates on short stories, some selections are excerpts from published novels, ranging from 1971 to the present. All the authors have numerous publications: Raúl Altamar Arias, Justo Arroyo, Ariel Barría Alvarado, Alberto Cabredo Echeverría, Pedro Crenes Castro, Sonia Ehlers Prestán, Javier Medina Bernal, Consuelo Tomás, Arturo Wong Sagel, and Carlos Wynter Melo. At the end of each selection is a brief author biography with a list of published works. The second half of the volume is introduced by Betuel Bonilla and represents 10 contemporary Colombian authors. [FJ]

1331 Belli, Gioconda. Rebeliones y revelaciones. Tafalla, Spain: Txalaparta, 2018. 235 p. In this anthology of essays, speeches, and unedited poems, Belli showcases her credibility as a feminist and revolutionary public intellectual. Throughout these writings, she explores love and eroticism, recounts her history as a guerrillera in the Sandinista Revolution, condemns violence against women and feminicide, denounces state censorship, celebrates feminism, and remembers writers such as Claribel Alegría, Ernesto Cardenal, Juan Gelman, Eduardo Galeano, and Nelson Mandela. [EF] 1332 Jaramillo Levi, Enrique. Palabra de escritor. Panama: Enrique Jaramillo Levi, 2016. 92 p. This collection of essays about writers and writing offers four brief meditations and one extensive essay by the Panamanian author, Enrique Jaramillo Levi. Written as a guide for new writers, these personal observations center primarily on the short story genre. In the initial essays, Jaramillo Levi expounds on his vision of the ideal writer, the traits necessary to write effectively, a thematic exploration on fl ight and attachment to understand the creative process of writing, and an explanation of automatic writing. The longer essay, “Reflexiones de un cuentista en torno a la escritura de cuentos: actitud creativa y procedimientos” bears a closer resemblance to a how-to guide in the sense that there is practical advice for writers in addition to general observations about writing. As part of this essay,

332 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Jaramillo Levi provides an overview of the essential elements of the short story and narrative in general, develops a useful section on the very short story (minicuento or microrrelato), offers concrete examples on how to develop different narrative voices, and addresses vital topics, such as perspective, use of dialogue, and style. [FJ]

1333 Literatura y violencia en Guatemala: testimonio y literatura de la guerrilla guatemalteca (1960–1996). Coordinación de Saúl Hurtado Heras et al. Ciudad de Guatemala: Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala; Ciudad de México: Editorial Praxis; Estado de México: Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2017. 226 p.: bibl., index. In his Introduction, editor Saúl Hurtado Heras explains that the “literature of violence” or narrativa de la violencia is not exclusive to any country or culture. He notes, however, that in Latin America it has given rise to a vast number of works which range from testimonio narratives to historical novels, fictionalized testimonios, and the genre created by Mario Roberto Morales, testinovela. Based on this premise, Hurtado adds that this collection includes essays that, while centering on works such as the ones mentioned above, depart from disciplines as varied as social sciences, gender studies, anthropology, and history. Among the essays in this book there are studies on the works by Arturo Arias, Marco Antonio Flores, Braulio Salazar, and Mario Roberto Morales. The interdisciplinary approach deserves special mention because it has prompted a series of innovative analyses of these works, and their historical and cultural circumstances.

Some interesting essays deal with the role that testimonial literature may have as a source of information about the war, the influence of Cuban thought on the Guatemalan guerrilla, the link between sexuality and violence and its depiction in En el fi lo, and the influence of the Catholic Church in the insurgent movements. The collection ends with a study on Comandante Sombra, a novel by Braulio Salazar published in 2013, which appears to bridge the detective novel and the literature on the genocide in a way similar to Santiago Roncagliolo’s 2006 novel Abril rojo (see HLAS 64:1970). All things considered, this volume offers serious scholarship and insights into the representation and cultural effect of violence, which makes it worthy of attention and wider distribution. [FSL]

1334 Umaña, Helen. Literatura y tradición oral de los pueblos originarios y afrohondureños. Tegucigalpa: Editorial Universitaria: Centro de Arte y Cultura UNAH, 2017. 613 p.: bibl., color ill. This comprehensive study of Indigenous and Afro-Honduran voices provides readers with a rich academic analysis of texts from the Maya, Tolupan, Tawahka, Miskito, Nahua, and Garífuna literary traditions. The prose is geared for more specialized readers, as Umaña demonstrates the synergies between the past and the present, recorded knowledge (writing) and orality, myth and history. The author discusses the influences of these literary traditions from the past on contemporary Indigenous and Afro-Honduran cultural production in national and international contexts, including examples of dance, song, painting, fi lm, and other genres. [TCM]

Hispanic Caribbean DIANA ALVAREZ-AMELL , Associate Professor of Spanish, Seton Hall University MYRNA GARCÍA-CALDERÓN, Associate Professor of Spanish, Syracuse University CUBA

EN LAS PUBLICACIONES se denotan varias tendencias. En primer lugar, hay una notable escasez de novelas y predominan las antologías de cuentos. El principio organizador de estas antologías de cuentos es múltiple. Puede que sea una breve

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colección de cuentos que han ganado un premio ya sea local o nacional, como es el caso del tomo (item 1346) de Marilyn Bobes o cuentos de distintos autores que comparten un tema o una tendencia literaria. El escritor Yoss, por ejemplo, reunió cuentos de ciencia ficción de escritores del siglo XXI (item 1366) o la antología de cuentos que reúne Rebeca Murga en Crimen sin castigo (item 1373) giran en torno a la violencia o el género negro. Estas temáticas, tanto el género negro y la ciencia ficción, se habían considerado tradicionalmente parte de la llamada literatura popular. Con De donde crece la palma: la literatura cubana a través de 100 autores fundamentales (item 1403), como indica el subtítulo, Luis Rafael Hernández enumera los nombres y algunos datos fundamentales de la vida y obra de escritores importantes desde la colonia hasta el presente. El texto proporciona información clave a modo de entradas enciclopédicas que repasan la historia de la literatura cubana. Como tal, es un aporte útil porque presenta referencias rápidas a los textos y escritores cubanos desde el siglo XVI hasta la actualidad. Otra tendencia que se repite es la del género del microcuento, que se incorporan en la antología que presenta Saturnino Rodríguez, Tres toques mágicos (item 1389) y las dos colecciones de Juan Cueto-Roig (items 1357 and 1400). En otros casos, un conocido escritor reúne una colección de sus propios cuentos. Tal sucede con el título de Ahmel Echevarría (item 1361) en Cuba y Odette Casamayor (item 1348) en los Estados Unidos. Echevarría formó parte de lo que el escritor Orlando Luis Pardo Lazo, ahora radicado en Estados Unidos, y él llamaron la “Generación Cero” porque defi nían así a un grupo de escritores que empezaron a escribir en el siglo XXI y, además del hecho generacional, estos escritores no tenían una afi liación literaria oficial en Cuba. Según la explicación de Echevarría, su ficción se centra en la experiencia del individuo como tal. Casamayor, profesora universitaria en Estados Unidos, representa en su ficción precisamente las experiencias de académicos y las complicaciones personales— profesionales y sexuales—que surgen en conferencias literarias, por ejemplo. En sus cuentos aparecen personajes de diferentes procedencias hispanoamericanas que integran parte de esa inmigración en los Estados Unidos. Además de la temática nacional, figuran los descalabros sociales junto con el vocabulario que introdujo la revolución en la vida social cubana, palabras tales como micro facción, alfabetización, misiones, por ejemplo. En la ficción que escriben cubanos que viven fuera de Cuba aparece la otra parte de la experiencia cubana: la dispersión de escritores cubanos en distintos países, aunque predomine la experiencia cubanoamericana. Esto sucede tanto en los cuentos y en las novelas. Manuel Pereira, un escritor que surgió en los años 60, ofrece un enfoque histórico situando la violencia y la pobreza en el periodo de transición de Fulgencio Batista a Fidel Castro con su protagonista infantil en un barrio pobre de La Habana (item 1376). De la llamada “Generación de los ochenta”, Arístides Vega Chapú presenta mediante las vidas de los personajes que viven en un mismo edificio, el descalabro y la destrucción (item 1391). El detonante narrativo es el suicidio de una mujer del edificio. El texto que quizás se ausenta un tanto de esta recurrente temática en la narrativa cubana es el de Alberto Garrandés (item 1363) cuya novela recibió el Premio Alejo Carpentier del 2016. A pesar de su título Demonios, hay más énfasis en la experiencia individual de obsesiones personales y hay un marcado énfasis en integrar comentarios estéticos en la trama. En las novelas, sin embargo, se destacan dos escritores de distintas generaciones: Carlos Manuel Álvarez y Enrique del Risco. La figura de Álvarez en el panorama cubano literario, que en las últimas décadas has sido de perfi l más bien

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modesto, ha estallado desde que se destacó en sus inicios como periodista independiente. Álvarez se inició con textos que caben más bien dentro de la crónica, como los que recogió en su notable colección titulada La tribu (véase HLAS 74:1874). Editor de la revista digital El Estornudo, sus artículos periodísticos son publicados por los periódicos más destacados de varios países, notablemente en Estados Unidos, España y México. En 2017 fue incluidos en la lista de Bogotá39 como uno de los más importantes escritores hispanoamericanos menores de 40 años. Los caídos (item 1340) es su primera novela. Publicada en 2018, ya ha sido traducida al inglés. De cierta manera, esta breve novela retoma, aunque de manera concentrada porque gira en torno a una madre y su familia, el tema de La tribu, el desmoronamiento social y los confl ictos personales que traen como secuela. Los enfrentamientos sociales se traducen y se revelan mediante los confl ictos entre los miembros de esta pobrísima familia. Como metáfora tal vez de la patria, está la figura de la madre, enferma, sin recursos y limitada dentro del cerco del hogar. Álvarez emplea un lenguaje comedido y pensado para describir situaciones límites. Si Álvarez ha surgido como una importante voz literaria en la actualidad, igual ha sucedido con Enrique del Risco con su voluminosa novela, Turcos en la niebla (item 1382) que recibió un premio en España y ha sido publicada por Alianza, una importante editorial española. El escritor, tal vez por ser historiador, se dedica en esta larga novela a representar el submundo de los “hispanos” en el barrio de New Jersey que fue poblado inicialmente por exiliados cubanos de la primera generación, pero que creció con el influjo de otras olas de exiliados a los que se han sumado latinoamericanos de distintos países. Aunque parezca por esta descripción una novela realista al estilo del siglo XIX, en realidad, su autor incluye técnicas narrativas como el flujo de consciencia de algunos de sus, a veces, neuróticos o desquiciados personajes. Enrique del Risco es profesor, además de bloguero, y vive en la zona de New Jersey en donde sitúa a sus personajes. Son cuatro voces, cuatro protagonistas que conforman un relato abigarrado. Hay una imagen compleja tanto del exilio cubano como de la comunidad latinoamericana. Cabe destacar la reedición de otras novelas significativas, cuando no importantes. Calvert Casey es un escritor de los años 60 que es ese tipo de escritor a los que otros escritores admiran (item 1349). Su exilio y luego su suicidio en Roma a fi nales de los 60 no ocultó su valor literario, admirado por su amigo Guillermo Cabrera Infante. Por tanto, es importante que aparezca publicada en Cuba la colección de sus textos literarios, desde el punto de vista literario como político, puesto que lo escrito por muchos escritores reconocidos cubanos en el exilio permaneció proscrito en Cuba. Otra novela breve que cabe destacar es Ester en alguna parte (item 1338) de Eliseo Alberto, que falleció en el 2011. La breve novela se publicó por primera vez en el 2005, cuando quedó como fi nalista en el Premio Primavera de la editorial Espasa en España. Su trama, la historia de la amistad que surge entre dos viejos y la historia de un amor infantil no olvidado, fue llevada al cine bajo la dirección de Gerardo Chijona en el 2011. Alberto, que procedía de una familia literaria prominente del país, saltó a la atención internacional cuando publicó Informe contra mí mismo (véase HLAS 58:3554), ya viviendo en México. En esa especie de autobiografía revela como la seguridad del estado lo había presionado para que delatara e informara sobre su padre y su madre, conocidos intelectuales y escritores cubanos. Pedro Juan Gutiérrez es otro escritor que resurge, esta vez con una especie de autobiografía literaria y ensayo sobre su propia creación literaria. Gutiérrez surgió

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durante el llamado “periodo especial”, cuando después de la caída del bloque soviético, Cuba descendió a niveles económicos de escasa sobrevivencia en los años 90. Su Trilogía sucia de La Habana (véase HLAS 60:3494), en la que representaba los aspectos más básicos de la existencia humana en Cuba, le trajó reconocimiento internacional por el estilo narrativo que se llamó el “realismo sucio”, estilo literario que se asocia con este escritor. Diálogo con mi sombra (item 1401) constituye en una exploración del escritor sobre su propio proceso de creación y estilo literario. La literatura del siglo XIX de Cuba se conoce poco y mal. Sin embargo, esta literatura cuenta con dos importantes contribuciones. Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda fue una figura clave en la literatura tanto de Cuba y Latinoamérica como de España. Aunque fue poeta, dramaturga y novelista de decidida actitud feminista y para más sorpresa de amplio reconocimiento durante su tiempo, muchas veces el conocimiento contemporáneo de sus novelas se reduce a la emblemática Sab, un relato de corte romántico que incluye, sin embargo, el tema racial y la posibilidad de un amor interracial que provocaba inquietud literaria en el siglo XIX. En la colección Tres novelas (item 1364), si bien se incluye Sab, aparecen además novelas que no se conocen tanto y que presentan a la Avellaneda como una intelectual conocedora y al tanto de los debates fi losóficos y literarios de su época como se ven claramente en El artista barquero. El profesor Francisco Morán (item 1399) ha producido una interesantísima edición crítica de Aponte del intelectual decimonónico Francisco Calcagno. La insurrección de Aponte ocurre en 1812 cuando un cubano negro liberto fue apresado por las autoridades coloniales. Se le acusó a José Antonio Aponte de haber conspirado para un levantamiento inspirado en el ejemplo de la independencia haitiana que además aboliera la esclavitud en Cuba. Aponte, junto con otros, fue ahorcado y luego decapitado. Su cabeza fue exhibida en plena calle. Hay una amplísima bibliografía a veces con conclusiones contradictorias sobre los verdaderos hechos ocurridos. Calcagno abogó por la abolición de la esclavitud. En 1868 publicó una colección titulada “Poetas de Color”. Su Diccionario biográfico cubano es de consulta obligada para el siglo XIX cubano. [DAA] REPÚBLICA DOMINICANA

La singularidad dominicana parece ser la persistencia del género del cuento e incluso la proliferación de los microrrelatos. La publicación de la literatura dominicana en su gran mayoría depende de los premios literarios nacionales. Por lo general también, la temática de los relatos aborda los temas de la violencia y la presencia del dominicano en el exterior, de la inmigración o de la llamada “diáspora”. La presencia del inmigrante que se radica en muchos casos en Estados Unidos aparece en la colección de cuentos El patio de los bramidos (item 1335) de José Acosta, pero también en el caso de otros escritores, está presente la inmigración a otros países tal como es el caso del conocido escritor Daniel Baruc Espinal que vive en México. En el caso de Minelys Sánchez, mudarse a Europa fue también una revelación porque, según señaló en una entrevista, fue en Europa que se vio a si misma como negra. Vivir en Alemania, por ejemplo, la llevó a comparar las diferencias en las percepciones sobre la raza en su país y en Europa. Esa conciencia de las diferentes percepciones se encuentra en su novela Ángeles nómadas (item 1386) que recibió un premio literario en el 2016 y aborda el tema trágico del turismo sexual, los niños desprotegidos y las muertes de quienes intentan salir del país por mar de manera ilegal.

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José Acosta aborda igualmente el tema de la niñez y los recuerdos infantiles de manera diferente a la de Sánchez. En su novela La tormenta está afuera (item 1336) es el regreso del niño que creció en el Bronx escuchando los refunfuños de su padre en contra de su país natal. Es la historia del regreso de ese niño, ya adulto, en busca de sus confusos recuerdos infantiles, para descubrir por sí mismo en qué consiste la identidad nacional del dominicano. Algunas de las publicaciones mantienen el legado literario dominicano del siglo XX. La colección de los cuentos de Hima Contreras reviven su regreso a su país natal. Contreras fue la única mujer en recibir el Premio Nacional de Literatura en su país en el 2002. Educada en París, a su regreso fue alentada en su carrera literaria por el destacado escritor dominicano Juan Bosch. De igual modo, la antología de cuentos dominicanos que reúne Miguel Ángel Formerín incluye escritores prominentes tales como Bosch (item 1342). También se vuelven a publicar las antologías de cuentos de dos escritores emblemáticos de la segunda mitad del siglo XX en la República Dominicana en las colecciones de relatos de René del Risco Bermúdez y Roberto Marcallé Abréu. En estas colecciones aparecen temas recurrentes en la narrativa dominicana, la dictadura de Trujillo en el caso de Risco Bermúdez (item 1382) y la diáspora dominicana en Nueva York en el caso de Marcallé Abréu (item 1369). De este escritor también se reedita una de sus primeras novelas publicada en los años 80, Espera de penumbras en el viejo bar (item 1368). La novela de Carlos Esteban Deive, un historiador hispano-dominicano, Sherlock Holmes y el misterio de los restos de Colón (item 1359), como revela su título, une la ficción divertida con la historia de lo que fue un intrigante enigma histórico: ¿en dónde estaban los restos verdaderos de Cristóbal Colón? Según— ¿la historia? ¿la leyenda?—sus restos reposaron en distintos lugares de España para terminar en Sevilla. Sin embargo, se cuenta que de Sevilla pasaron a Santo Domingo, luego a Cuba, para regresar luego a ¿Santo Domingo o Sevilla? En el 2003 se exhumaron lo que se suponían eran los restos de Colón de la Catedral de Sevilla, se hicieron análisis del ADN y los resultados, según los especialistas, confi rmaron que, en efecto, eran los restos. No se han hecho análisis de los huesos de lo que suponían eran los restos de Colón en Santo Domingo. De esta verdadera polémica histórica, Deive urde su trama imaginando al dictador decimonónico Ulises Heureux que contrata al detective británico para que haga su investigación. La trama divertida es un cruce de farsa e historia. [DAA] PUERTO RICO

La producción literaria y cultural puertorriqueña, como todos los demás aspectos de la vida social, se ha visto impactada por una serie de eventos que han marcado hitos en la historia del archipiélago. La pandemia mundial que comenzó en el 2020 vino a subrayar varias otras crisis con las que la isla ha tenido que lidiar en su historia reciente. Ya la infraestructura de Puerto Rico se había visto decimada por el Huracán María en el 2017, un evento que aún afecta numerosos aspectos de la sociedad, especialmente en las áreas de educación y servicios sociales. La crisis gubernamental que obligó al gobernador Ricardo Roselló a renunciar a su puesto ante las manifestaciones masivas en respuesta a sus actos de corrupción en el verano del 2019 visibilizaron, a nivel mundial, los reclamos de justicia social de los ciudadanos de Puerto Rico. La actividad sísmica del 2020, las elecciones de noviembre de ese mismo año y el control económico ejercido por una Junta de Supervisión Fiscal nombrada por el gobierno de Estados Unidos para “hacer

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frente a la crisis económica” ha impactado tanto la economía como cualquier viso de autonomía. La Junta ha reestructurado la deuda de Puerto Rico desde el 2016, poniendo como prioridad el pago a los bonistas e inversionistas de la Isla, esencialmente desmantelando los sistemas de salud y educación en el proceso. La fuga de cerebros tras algunos de estos acontecimientos, así como el asalto a la universidad pública, primer centro docente del país, ha preocupado a distintas generaciones de puertorriqueños. La creación literaria y cultural no ha estado ajena a estos procesos. No sólo se ha visto impactada directamente por el cierre de librerías, proyectos editoriales, centros educativos y culturales, así como los recortes de apoyo a proyectos de creación, también ha puesto al desnudo las inequidades socioeconómicas, así como la necesidad de ser creativos en las maneras en que se publica, se presenta y se diseminan a la comunidad amplia los productos culturales. A pesar de todo lo anterior, la resiliencia de la clase creativa en Puerto Rico ha dado muestras de estar en pie de lucha. Las respuestas para la diseminación de textos literarios han sido varios. Proyectos editoriales establecidos como los del Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña, Isla Negra Editores, Ediciones Callejón (en una nueva etapa después de la muerte en el 2018 de su cofundador Elizardo Martínez) y Terranova siguen su pujante esfuerzo de publicar textos de jóvenes escritores y de escritores establecidos. Varios de los autores incluidos en esta muestra han publicado en editoriales independientes o emergentes como Forsa Editores Inc., Libros AC, Pasillo de Sur Escritores, y aún otros han optado por auto publicar sus textos. Las redes sociales han servido para presentaciones virtuales de libros y conversatorios con autores. El acceso electrónico a algunos libros en plataformas convencionales como Amazon también ha servido para la continua aparición de nuevos proyectos literarios y nuevos tipos de colaboraciones. Espacios virtuales de crítica como El Post Antillano (https://www.facebook.com/ElPostAntillano/) también han mantenido la conversación activa y consistente. En la lista de libros comentados en estas páginas hay propuestas interesantes e innovadoras. Junto a una serie de escritores establecidos como el caso de una edición reciente de los cuentos de Manuel Zeno Gandía (1875–1930) (item 1397), encontramos figuras emergentes e innovadoras. Cuatro áreas principales son exploradas en este ensayo: novela, cuento, poesía y ensayo. Algunos de los ejemplos incluyen propuestas de corte más híbrido que tienen como propósito transgredir los límites de los géneros tradicionalmente codificados. En esta muestra el género más representado es la novela. Un elemento común de la mayoría de los textos novelísticos comentados es el hecho de que son de la pluma de escritores emergentes o poco conocidos fuera del ámbito puertorriqueño, probablemente con la excepción de Félix Córdova Iturregui (item 1354). Entre las propuestas novelísticas hay textos donde se evidencia una suerte de búsqueda de conocimiento o desciframiento de enigmas (items 1354 y 1355). Ésta última también hurga en el pasado reciente y lejano, buscando respuestas a eventos históricos traumáticos o alrededor de los cuales los personajes buscan entender el proyecto de país al que las narraciones aluden, tanto las novelas de corte realista referencial como los que mezclan dentro de su ficción figuras y etapas históricas asincrónicas. Algunas de las novelas trabajan la idea amplia de derechos, aquellos que individualmente o en conjunto rigen las relaciones humanas de una determinada sociedad (por ejemplo, items 1352 y 1354). En esta última se presenta una discusión legal muy humana donde se dirime un caso relacionado con la esclavitud y la

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condición de sojuzgamiento de la esclava Margaret Reilly en el siglo XIX en Pennsylvania. El cuidadosamente elaborado discurso legal dentro de la novela subraya tanto la legalidad como la moralidad debida a sujetos libres, a sus cuerpos, a sus vidas y a sus hijos. La documentación histórica, así como los referentes culturales y judiciales le dan fuerza y mayor credibilidad a un relato que problematiza los derechos humanos individuales y colectivos, los derechos de género y raza, así como el activismo social que lucha por los derechos por la igualdad de todos los actores sociales. Si bien la novela Báthika (item 1352) alude directamente al sistema penal y de justicia que pretende reglamentar a través del sistema legal y el discurso que acompaña a éste, toda suerte de normas que muchas veces sirven para subyugar e imponer las reglas que benefician a quienes ostentan el poder. La enigmática novela Eudaimonia (item 1371), por su parte, presenta un espacio social donde para una serie de personajes la cárcel representa la última esperanza de salvación. Se trata de personajes marginadas quienes se someten voluntariamente a una experiencia carcelaria como modo de salvación a través de, entre otras cosas, el arte. Algunas de las novelas se detienen en los procesos históricos a través de los cuales se lucha y se adquieren importantes derechos individuales y grupales. Más grande que mi vida (item 1370), por ejemplo, capta con lente detallado los cambios sociales, políticos y de activismo social de las décadas de los 70 a los 80 en Puerto Rico. Escrita por una novelista quien fue periodista primero, la cuidadosa reconstrucción de una era es central a este proyecto. La novela va de lo macro a nivel mundial (Puerto Rico, Estados Unidos, Europa) a lo micro puertorriqueño en términos de cambios sociales y reclamos locales. Las luchas estudiantiles de los universitarios en la década de los 60, el activismo en contra de la Guerra de Vietnam, así como las inequidades del trato de los Estados Unidos con relación a Puerto Rico están lúcidamente presentadas. Otra periodista que ha cultivado con éxito la narrativa, Vionette G. Negretti, ubica la acción de su novela histórica (item 1374) en los siglos XIX y XX. Meticulosamente investigada la novela recrea una época (1853–1952), en un espacio urbano específico: el Viejo San Juan. También representa clases sociales claramente definidas con sus múltiples idiosincrasias, y un país en evolución que pasa de manos de un poder colonial, España, a otro, los Estados Unidos. Su texto invita a considerar interrogantes importantes para los actores sociales quienes vivieron esta época de cambio histórico para el país. La representación detallada de la novela va más allá de lo material e histórico, incidiendo en cuestionamientos de alineamiento social, identidad y poder. Otros actores sociales y sus voces aparecen en textos como item 1343, por ejemplo. Esta novela trabaja las inequidades sociales e intento de invisibilización o borradura de la comunidad gay. La novela muestra la humanidad e inhumanidad de las luchas diarias a las que el protagonista homosexual de la novela enfrenta en su discurrir social. Se muestra su búsqueda de afectos, subrayando para los lectores las luchas por los derechos naturales de género y sexualidad que los distintos personajes asumen constantemente en una sociedad que todavía los marca como diferentes, negándoles agencia y derechos. Último kamikaze (item 1378), narrada desde la voz de quien por azares de la novela se convierte en el centro de la acción, fue escrita por otro periodista, Jorge Luis Pérez. La marca de su autor favorito, Somerset Maugham, puede verse a lo largo del texto. Con un humor cáustico, incisivo, ese humor negro, a veces retorcido, pero siempre inteligente, esta novela original y absorbente sirve de ejercicio

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exitoso del género negro al que pertenece. Con la Segunda Guerra Mundial y el ataque a Pearl Harbor como telón de fondo esta novela llena de intrigas y amores frustrados, vincula la historia social y política con dramas íntimos y personales de los personajes. También participa de un género literario cultivado por numerosos escritores puertorriqueños recientes donde los relatos detectivescos y el género negro han sido trabajados con éxito. Otras representaciones discursivas de temas que originan de escritura más popular también se han experimentado con éxito en la literatura puertorriqueña reciente. Esta práctica cuenta ya con una bibliografía expansiva y sostenida en décadas recientes en Puerto Rico. El Nazareno (item 1375), del profesor universitario y periodista Daniel Nina trabaja la figura del cantante Ismael Rivera, novelando su historia. Este texto en particular también sirve para una reflexión extendida sobre raza y cultura popular, marginalidad y clase social e incluso transgresiones consideradas delictivas. También, indirectamente, trabaja la idea de la fama. Dos novelas de las incluidas en esta muestra se resisten a cualquier tipo de clasificación tradicional. Su enfoque podría describirse como más experimental. Se trata de El lenguaje del olvido (item 1384) de Ángel Rosa Vélez y El imperialista ausente (item 1372) de Manuel Martínez Maldonado. En el primer caso Rosa Vélez astuta y cuidadosamente traza una historia en donde lenguaje y memoria se ven impactados por la condición de Alzheimer de uno de los protagonistas. Limitado por su condición la novela obliga al lector a imaginar los límites del encierro físico real y el impacto mental de la enfermedad. ¿Cómo representar cambios en la personalidad del personaje principal y su pérdida de memoria de manera eficaz sin caer en una cruel caricatura? Lo mismo con los estados de ánimo y de sentido de orientación. Esto implica un cuidadoso trabajo con la lengua y una meticulosa atención a la manera en que se hila el relato. Más importante aún, una fi na sensibilidad para representar posibles rupturas de sentido de forma convincente para lectores. En el caso del Imperialista ausente de Manuel Martínez Maldonado estamos ante fusión discursiva de las artes plásticas y la literatura. Aquí se hilan de manera constante dos tipos de representación: la palabra y la imagen. La tropicalización del imaginario y del saber a lo largo del texto muestra una voluntad de teorizar este entrecruce de discursos y representaciones artísticas de manera crítica y simbiótica. Las nueve colecciones de cuentos comentadas en este ensayo incluyen dos antologías. Ambas colecciones antológicas tienen como propósito ampliar la muestra de volúmenes anteriores publicados por distintos antólogos. En el caso de Antología del cuento modernista puertorriqueño (item 1341) editada como proyecto independiente por Reynaldo Marcos Padua este ha sido, aparentemente, un proyecto de varios años. Los textos que éste selecciona expanden la muestra de cuentos modernistas con la inclusión de ejemplos que antologías anteriores, o no han incluido o han incluido bajo otros estilos o movimientos como el realismo y el naturalismo. Aparte de los cuentos, Marcos Padua también incluye dos novelas. Su gesto crítico revisa el canon y propone una relectura de algunos textos. La antología a cargo de Ana Belén Martín Sevillano (item 1379) tiene como propósito expreso una puesta al día de antologías anteriores (René Marqués, Efraín Barradas, entre otros) y diseminar ejemplos de la producción de cuentos en el Puerto Rico de este siglo. Con excelente ojo crítico, buen conocimiento de la producción que estudia y acceso a muchos de los escritores incluidos, la crítica logra hacer acopio de ejemplos de cuentos de 30 escritores de cuentos puertorriqueños. Sostuvo comunicación con muchos de ellos a lo largo del desarrollo del proyecto. El pró-

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logo servirá para estudiosos interesados en el estado del género en el Puerto Rico contemporáneo. Una de las colecciones de cuentos incluida en la selección es un edición de los cuentos del celebrado novelista puertorriqueño Manuel Zeno Gandía (item 1397). Fue compilada por Mario O. Ayala Santiago y Miguel Ángel Náter. De valor histórico, esta cuidadosa reedición es parte de un proyecto amplio de reeditar la obra de Zeno Gandía. Para los editores, recopilar la bibliografía completa de Manuel Zeno Gandía (1855–1930) y sobre su obra es un reto que éstos han asumido con seriedad intelectual. Para este propósito han hecho una seria investigación en las colecciones a su alcance con el propósito de fijar para la posteridad la producción literaria de uno de los fundadores modernos de la literatura puertorriqueña. Los restantes cinco tomos de cuentos tienen afi nidades y diferencias. El tomo de cuentos de Jeanette Becerra (item 1345) muestra una escritora en control de su aparato narrativo. Becerra es autora de varios otros textos premiados por importantes instituciones culturales, entre ellos: Elusiones (2001), Doce versiones de soledad (2011; véase HLAS 72:2011) y este libro que obtuvo el Premio del Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña. Los cuentos plantean de manera indirecta la gran pregunta que ronda la mente de muchos: ¿tiene la ciencia todas las respuestas a los grandes fenómenos y misterios que rondan las mentes de muchos y para las que el ciudadano común no tiene explicación? Para algunos, la ciencia nunca será capaz de explicar múltiples fenómenos, para otros, impulsados por un optimismo inexorable lo que la ciencia encuentra son hechos con consecuencias que no podemos ignorar. Los nueve cuentos de esta colección plantean esa duda a través de elementos comunes que en ocasiones pueden resultar terroríficos. Su mayor acierto es la manera en que involucra a los lectores en ese saludable cuestionamiento de límites a través de una prosa ágil, a veces sorprendente, otras, tensa en donde el pacto entre narrador y lector es puesto a prueba. Dos de las colecciones, de Nancy Debs Ramos (item 1358) y de Ana María Fuster Lavín (item 1362), trabajan con los límites de la palabra y la brevedad narrativa a través del uso de cuentos y micro cuentos. Se ha descrito el género del micro cuento como una brevísima construcción narrativa, muchas veces de un solo párrafo. No se trata de la versión resumida de un cuento más largo, tampoco es una anécdota ni una ocurrencia, sino un relato esencial cuyo objetivo es contar y a veces resolver el confl icto que se plantea en las primeras líneas. Comúnmente encierran anécdota, impresión, sorpresa y belleza en pocas palabras, su único requisito es sustancia y brevedad. Éste es, sin lugar a dudas, un reto para cualquier escritor. La extensión del cuento de corte más tradicional puede variar en extensión, pero los límites establecidos por los micro cuentos se convierte en un ejercicio que requiere una construcción meticulosa. La colección de Debs Ramos invita a quien lee a abrir todos los sentidos para hurgar en diversos temas acerca de la condición humana, desde lo más mínimo hasta lo más profundo. De lo cotidiano a lo histórico, de los pequeños ritos a los grandes eventos que trastocan las vidas familiares, los cuentos de Debs Ramos muestran gran humanidad y destreza narrativa. Las narraciones de Fuster Lavín, por su parte, son productos de una escritora de gran madurez y experiencia. Su manejo técnico de la narración, la cuidadosa construcción de su minimalista edificio narrativo es una invitación a explorar a través de estos cuentos y micro cuentos de diverso registro temático, pero de solidez narrativa la condición humana múltiples situaciones humanas. La temática de los cuentos incluye aspectos del enigmático título que sugiere la alteración temporal de los registros de lo cotidiano al permi-

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tir la entrada de un período de permisividad y cierto descontrol. El elemento de la sangre, igualmente críptico y misterioso convoca tanto a la vida como a la muerte. Los cuentos de Alinaluz Santiago Torres (item 1387) tiene como eje central la representación del proceso anterior a la rápida y agresiva modernización de Puerto Rico. El ojo crítico con el que la autora ofrece una mirada retrospectiva al proceso a través de la memoria histórica de la época invita a la reflexión sobre proceso y resultado. Los nueve cuentos de Christian Ibarra (item 1365) no se concentran en una unidad temática, pero muestran un desarrollo técnico excelente y un ojo crítico para representar la sicología y la humanidad de los personajes que crea. Su técnica de escritura recuerda un poco la técnica de artista puntillista por su capacidad de transmitir emociones a través de la mezcla de sombras y tonalidades. Finalmente, la colección de Vanessa Viches (item 1394) es fiel a su título porque cada uno de los 14 cuentos habla de una geografía perdida. Estos cuentos hurgan en la realidad social y política del Puerto Rico contemporáneo. Salvo el cuento titulado “La postergación” que se desarrolla en Madrid, los demás cuentos representan las pequeñas y grandes crisis que ha vivido la historia reciente del país en el siglo XXI. Aparecen la crisis fi nanciera, los embates del Huracán María, la emigración y sus efectos sociales e íntimos, entre otros temas sociales de impacto contemporáneo. Esta colección cristaliza la manera en que el Puerto Rico urbano y suburbano contemporáneo, las mujeres, la clase media, los jóvenes y la bancarrota del país reorganizan de manera inesperada el imaginario social y trabajan las múltiples pérdidas y reajustes mentales. La noción de crisis de algunos de estos cuentos subraya la urgencia de re imaginar el proyecto de país. La producción poética puertorriqueña sigue pujante. Para propósito de este trabajo sólo se mencionará un ejemplo. Áurea María Sotomayor, académica, crítica y una de las voces poéticas más importantes de Puerto Rico incluye en Operación funámbula (item 1579) poemas escritos en diferentes tiempos, diferentes geografías y diversos momentos de su desarrollo como poeta. Si bien la organización de esta compilación no es cronológica, existe un diálogo atemporal evidente en los poemas de distintos momentos de su creación. Si funámbula convoca dos significados fundamentales: 1) El/la acróbata que realiza ejercicios obre la cuerda floja o de alambre y 2) Persona que sabe actuar con habilidad, especialmente en la vida social y política, la poeta invita a sus lectores a compartir su evolución poética a través de las páginas de esta suerte de summa poética. Con un fi no manejo de la palabra, esta compilación es una valiosa introducción a la poética de Sotomayor. Tres textos ensayísticos de intereses distintos sirven como ejemplo de la pujante producción crítica sobre Puerto Rico. La monografía de la académica y crítica Zaira Rivera Casellas titulada Bajo la sombra del texto: la crítica y el silencio en el discurso racial en Puerto Rico (item 1404) trabaja de manera crítica y original un acercamiento serio, documentado de la discusión racial dentro de la crítica literaria y cultural en la isla. Sus variados ejemplos plantean comparaciones y preguntas críticas importantes que contribuyen a esta pujante discusión dentro del espacio puertorriqueño. El volumen colectivo editado por Áurea María Sotomayor sobre la obra del escritor Eduardo Lalo titulado Textualidades de Eduardo Lalo: el nómada enamorado del nomos (item 1405) reúne trabajos de críticos isleños y argentinos de gran parte de la obra de este escritor. El sugerente título mismo de la colección es una invitación al lector. El término griego nomos puede traducirse con ley o, de manera más específica, ley de la ciudad. La mayoría de los textos de Lalo están marcados por la experiencia de la ciudad, por los avatares humanos que la rondan,

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por su historia y situaciones vitales concretas y contingentes de quienes la habitan. Libro de lectura obligatoria para cualquier estudioso interesado en la obra de Eduardo Lalo. Finalmente, Larry La Fountain-Stokes (item 1402) estudia el activismo drag y transgénero en Puerto Rico y su diáspora. Este libro de corte interdisciplinario recoge un valiosísimo acopio de materiales sobre el tema. Los materiales presentados serán fundamentales para cualquier estudioso actual y futuro de esta área de estudio. Esta una importante aportación crítica que visibiliza la pujante producción en esta importante área de investigación. [MCG]

PROSE FICTION

1335 Acosta, José. El patio de los bramidos. Santo Domingo: Editora Nacional, 2017. 137 p. (Narrativa) Esta colección de 10 cuentos recibió el Premio Anual de Cuento José Ramón López en el 2015. No es el primer premio que recibe el autor en su país. El autor, que vive en Nueva York, ha sido galardonado múltiples veces por su producción literaria—narrativa y poesía—en su país. También fue el recipiente en el mismo año del 2015 del Premio Casa de las Américas otorgado en Cuba en la categoría de literatura latinoamericana en Estados Unidos. Los 10 cuentos tienen estilos variados. Sus protagonistas reflejan parte de la experiencia dominicana, desde la emigración a Estados Unidos y la sombra de la represión durante la dictadura de Trujillo. Por ejemplo, en el cuento “El mundo verdadero”, el narrador protagonista es un anciano aquejado por Alzhéimer, cuya experiencia refleja además la emigración dominicana a la zona de Washington Heights de la ciudad de Nueva York. La bajeza de la conducta humana de delatar a otros para obtener algo a cambio, aparece en el breve cuento “El soplón”, que toma lugar durante la dictadura de Trujillo. [DAA] 1336 Acosta, José. La tormenta está fuera. Santo Domingo: Banco Central de la República Dominicana, 2016. 307 p. (Colección del Banco Central de la República Dominicana. Serie Arte y literatura; 76; 222) El dilema de la inmigración, la conciencia dividida, los sentimientos negativos hacia el propio país de aquel que tuvo que salir hacia otro país, los Estados Unidos, para hacerse de una vida, en fi n, el tema de la inmigración o la “diáspora” y las familias

que crecen en un país con vínculos en otro son el tema de la novela de Acosta. [DAA]

1337 Aguilar, Alejandro F. Ojos de niño. Santo Domingo: Ventana Abierta Editores, 2016. 197 p. La novela es una de iniciación en tiempos violentos: la niñez en barrios pobres, con las tensiones subyacentes de la pobreza, las diferencias raciales y sexuales en donde es posible que brote la violencia callejera. Con una prosa escueta casi periodística, narra las experiencias del niño que observa los confl ictos familiares y los del barrio. [DAA] 1338 Alberto, Eliseo. Esther en alguna parte, o, El romance de Lino y Larry Po. Ciudad de México: Alfaguara, 2016. 184 p.: bibl. Es la reedición de una de las últimas novelas del conocido narrador y poeta. Desde el prisma de la vejez, un viudo reciente llega a descubrir mediante una amistad las distintas formas en que el recuerdo descubre los misterios del amor. [DAA] 1339 Alcántara Almánzar, José. Espejos de agua: cuentos escogidos. Santo Domingo: Dirección General de la Feria del Libro, 2016. 310 p. Los 25 cuentos que se incluyen en esta antología fueron seleccionados por el autor, un conocido académico y sociólogo, además de narrador, a petición de los organizadores de la XX Feria Internacional del Libro de Santo Domingo del 2016. Abarcan títulos de su producción cuentística de los años 70 y 80. Varios de los cuentos de Alcántara Almánzar han sido incluidos en antologías internacionales. Según el prólogo a cargo de Manuel Rueda: “La preocupación principal de José Alcántara Almánzar es pintar la sociedad, auscultarla a través de

Literature: 21st Century: Hispanic Caribbean: Prose Fiction / 343 procedimientos variados ya sean meramente realistas o alegóricos” (p. 16–17). [DAA]

1340 Álvarez, Carlos Manuel. Los caídos. Madrid: Sexto Piso, 2018. 130 p. (Narrativa) La primera novela de Álvarez, conocido como periodista literario, es un breve retrato de la Cuba contemporánea, fragmentada y en crisis. El centro temático, que parece casi una metáfora de la psiquis nacional, es la enfermedad de la madre de familia que queda limitada en su propia casa. Los cuatro personajes que integran la familia reflejan la insistencia de la pobreza, la escasez y el disimulo para intentar sobrevivir o, como dice el personaje de la madre en algún momento, “dominar el arte de la escasez.” [DAA] 1341 Antología del cuento modernista puertorriqueño. Compilación de Reynaldo Marcos Padua. San Juan: Libros de la Iguana, 2016. 283 p.: bibl. Producto de un proyecto editorial independiente, esta antología responde al cuestionamiento del antólogo acerca de las fechas, criterios y selección que típicamente se ha hecho de esta producción literaria en la isla. La selección de textos incluidos en el volumen contiene ejemplos típicamente relacionados con otros estilos o movimientos como el realismo y el naturalismo. Parte de dos preguntas cruciales: ¿En qué consiste que [estos textos] se ubiquen en un movimiento y no en otro? y ¿Qué es un cuento modernista? La muestra es el resultado de una investigación exhaustiva y abarcadora que incluye textos desperdigados en múltiples revistas y publicaciones sueltas, por lo que se incluyen textos poco conocidos. Para Marcos Padua; “Se ha definido la novela modernista como una que hace del personaje principal un artista, un bohemio, probablemente desterrado en alguna capital del mundo (cosmopolitismo); obsesionado por alguna mujer, de los placeres sensuales y, sobre todo, de la belleza” (p. 9). La colección incluye 23 autores, 29 cuentos y 2 ejemplos de novela. La muestra incluye autores conocidos junto a otros de limitada visibilidad y difusión. [MGC] 1342 Antología esencial del cuento dominicano: siglo XX. Edición de Miguel Ángel Fornerín. Santo Domingo: Santuario: MediaIsla, 2016. 232 p.: bibl.

El prologuista señala que esta colección de cuentos no tiene la intención de representar una selección que ofrezca un panorama del cuento dominicano. Su selección se ha basado solamente en el criterio estético. Según Formerín, en ella aparece “lo mejor que se ha publicado de la cuentística dominicana” (p. 11). En ella, aparecen algunos de los nombres más reconocidos de la literatura dominicana como Juan Bosch y Virgilio Díaz Grullón. También otras importantes figuras como Marcio Veloz Maggiolo y René Rodríguez Soriano, entre varios. [DAA]

1343 Archilla, Egidio Colón. Musarañas. Puerto Rico: Egidio Colón Archilla, 2020. 110 p. El término musarañas se refiere a la popular frase “pensar en musarañas” que significa una de las acepciones sugeridas por la RAE: “no atender a lo que él mismo u otro hace o dice.” Dicho de otro modo, es como andar distraído. También se utiliza para referirnos a que alguien está absorto en pensamientos carentes de importancia y se entretiene pensando en cosas de poco valor o importancia. Esta acepción podría ser una suerte de guiño irónico en el caso de este texto. Musarañas, una novela de corte íntimo y confesional se presenta a la manera de una mirada antropológica y sociológica del paso del personaje principal por el espacio y tiempo en el que le ha tocado vivir y sobrevivir. Algunos han señalado que se trata de una historia que cualquier gay puertorriqueño podría haber vivido, pues el no sólo se exponen las experiencias de dos hombres homosexuales durante una relación cibernética, sino que se desmantelan verdades que pocas en esta comunidad se atreven a articular públicamente. Ser parte del gremio LGBTTQIA no es fácil. Por medio de lenguaje coloquial, sencillo y realista esta suerte de manifiesto gay revela de manera precisa y crítica las vivencias y luchas a las que la comunidad LGBTTQIA en Puerto Rico enfrenta en su día a día. Esta mirada crítica abre pone sobre la mesa la desigualdad y de derechos humanos que esta comunidad enfrenta día a día. [MGC] 1344 Baruc, Daniel. Música de salamandras. Santo Domingo: Editora Nacional, 2017. 107 p. (Narrativa)

344 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Esta colección de 12 breves cuentos ganó el Premio Letras de Ultramar de Cuento 2016. El autor, un conocido poeta dominicano que vive en México, usa como tema reiterado la violencia que irrumpe en la vida cotidiana. [DAA]

1345 Becerra, Janette. Ciencia imperfecta. San Juan: Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña, 2014. 123 p. Esta colección de nueve cuentos de la poeta, ensayista y narradora Jeanette Becerrra, fue laureado con un premio del Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña por su contenido, estructura y uso del lenguaje. El tomo es un tour de forcé de una escritora en control de su propuesta literaria. El libro nos recuerda que el mundo natural suele ofrecer para muchos la promesa de respuestas objetivas a misterios indescifrables para el común de la gente. Por esto, para muchos la noción de una ciencia imperfecta es un contrasentido por la fe en poder explicar un fenómeno a través del método científico más actualizado y para otros, como parecería sugerir el título de esta colección, esa duda es crucial en vista de que los procesos humanos son todos falibles. En estos relatos, a veces crueles y a veces alucinantes la autora empuja a los lectores a recordar siempre aquella máxima de la necesidad como lectores de la suspensión total de la incredulidad con la que tenemos que acercarnos a toda obra de ficción. Esto es particularmente importante por los inesperados giros que la mayoría de estos cuentos ofrecen. Cuentos como “Visitabas puntualmente el consultorio”, “El horticultor”, “El experimento”, “El viaje”, “Cruzada literaria y “Carta de la señora Perlemán”, dan un vuelco inesperado y terrorífico que cuestionan la infalibilidad de la ciencia. Cuentos como “Coma”, “Otro caso de estudio para la zoología” y “Casa Alcaldía”, por ejemplo, desdicen las posibilidades lógicas para explicar lo inexplicable, ni siquiera a través de la ciencia. Estos enigmáticos textos, están escritos con gran acierto literario y originalidad. [MGC] 1346 Bobes León, Marilyn. A quien pueda interesar: y otros relatos. La Habana: Letras Cubanas, 2016. 101 p. El breve tomo publica el cuento de Bobes que recibió el Premio Iberoamericano de

Cuento Julio Cortázar del año 2026. Incluye además los relatos que recibieron mención de escritores de diversas nacionalidades. El cuento “A quien pueda interesar” denota el interés literario de Bobes que inserta en su narrativa múltiples referencias y opiniones sobre escritores y músicos. La trama gira en torno a los personajes que se reúnen en un funeral. Además, aparecen críticas a la actual desigualdad económica en Cuba. [DAA]

1347 Carballo, Antonio. La tenista rusa. La Habana: Ediciones Unión, 2017. 152 p. La novela breve fue ganadora de la XXVIII edición del Premio Literario ‘Ciudad de Jumilla’ de Novela Corta. Breve novela en donde los deportes, el béisbol y el tenis, se mezclan con las relaciones entre la antigua Unión Soviética y Cuba. [DAA] 1348 Casamayor-Cisneros, Odette. Una casa en los Catskills. La Habana: Letras Cubanas, 2016. 181 p. (El cuento) Es una nueva edición de cuentos que se había publicado anteriormente en el 2011. En ellos, la profesora cubana de literatura en Estados Unidos explora los percances casi siempre fugaces de las aventuras amorosas y sexuales, con la incertidumbre que causan. Los cuentos están ambientados en escenarios, muchos de ellos académicos, de Estados Unidos con personajes de habla-hispana. [DAA] 1349 Casey, Calvert. Homecoming. Selección, estudio introductorio y notas por Jamila M. Ríos. Matanzas, Cuba: Ediciones Matanzas, 2016. 324 p.: bibl., ill. (Los molinos) La edición incluye narrativa tanto en inglés como en español de un escritor que se suicidó de manera trágica en Roma en 1969, luego de haberse exiliado. Están incluidas tres novelas breves, entre las que se encuentra la versión en inglés y español de Plaza Morgana y además su texto más conocido, Notas de un simulador. Hay también una amplia representación de sus cuentos, 14, y una pequeña de su poesía, cinco. Es una antología inusual porque es de las pocas veces que se permite la publicación de un autor que había sido censurado y que, como se señala en la contraportada, fue “uno de los mejores narradores cubanos del siglo veinte”, en palabras de Antón Arrufat. [DAA]

Literature: 21st Century: Hispanic Caribbean: Prose Fiction / 345

1350 Castro, Moisés Santana et al. Futuros en el mismo trayecto del sol. Compilación de Odilius Vlak. Santo Domingo: Santuario, 2016. 122 p. Es una colección de cuentos de ciencia ficción que se alejan de la imposición de representar una realidad nacional. El compilador asume un seudónimo y reúne literatura imaginativa y fantástica de diversos escritores jóvenes dominicanos. [DAA] 1351 Chahín, Plinio. Fantasmas de otros: minificción. Santo Domingo: Ediciones Ferilibro, 2016. 47 p. Microrrelatos que tratan los temas del amor, el erotismo y la muerte. El libro fue seleccionado para publicarse con motivo de la XII Feria Regional del Libro Hato Mayor del 2016 en República Dominicana. [DAA] 1352 Colón Santana, José Enrique. Báthika, engendro de la fortuna. Puerto Rico: s.l., 2015. 316 p.: portrait. Texto basado en eventos históricos cuyo referente es la opinión del Tribunal Supremo de los Estados Unidos de América, en el caso de Prigg v Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 41 U.S. 539 (1842). El libro narra la niñez y formación de la esclava Margaret Reilly, su huida de su condición esclava, su presencia durante el amotinamiento de la fragata negrera Creole mientras navegaba el comercio costero, entre otros eventos relacionados con su condición esclava. Desde el punto de vista humano el texto también describe su intenso recorrido por el amor de un hombre durante la época representada y su posterior maternidad. A través del éxodo del personaje principal, el libro muestra las confl ictivas luchas abolicionistas y la confrontación que libra su abogado dentro y al margen del sistema legal por su libertad. Con un epígrafe de La memoria rota de Arcadio Díaz Quiñones que dice: “Frente al recuerdo está siempre la posibilidad del olvido” y una nota del autor que subraya la importancia de insertar esa memoria histórica al imaginario histórico y cultural puertorriqueño contemporáneo, este texto ofrece una importante reflexión crítica cuidadosamente construída. Escrito con una prosa fluida, la novela evidencia su extensa investigación, hace un uso eficaz de la argumentación legal, maneja un fluido lenguaje histórico y construye cuidadosa-

mente una discusión legal basada en una moralidad fundamentada en ideas humanísticas. [MGC]

1353 Contreras, Hilma. Cibao, 1938, relatos. Santo Domingo: Editorial Doble Infi nito, 2018. 132 p.: bibl., photos. Es una colección de 15 cuentos de una narradora que se distingue por ser la primera mujer en haber recibido el Premio Nacional de Literatura. Le fue otorgado en 2002 por su obra literaria. Su lenguaje es descriptivo con frases poéticas. Dedicada a la región del norte del país, según su propia explicación en la breve introducción, Contreras dice que el principal personaje de estos cuentos que se publican otra vez después de décadas es “la modorra pueblerina”. El libro incluye fotografías personales de la autora y su familia durante su estancia en esa región de Santo Domingo. [DAA] 1354 Córdova Iturregui, Félix. La agonía de la máscara. Río Piedras, Puerto Rico: Publicaciones Gaviota, 2017. 250 p. Uno de los atractivos mayores de los relatos detectivescos radica en el compromiso entre texto y lector de participar en la creación de significado a través de un entramado narrativo que propone una suerte de juego. La creación de conocimiento sólo ocurrirá a medida que los lectores sigan pistas, descubran detalles ocultos y logren acceder al momento de grandes o importantes revelaciones. La sugerencia de algo oculto está insinuada por parte del título mismo de esta fascinante novela. La máscara, por defi nición, encubre y en esta historia de amor entre Alejandro y Elvira, quien es su ama de llaves, la máscara debe ocultar las zonas sociales cargadas de secretos y transgresiones. Esta intrincada red invita al lector a la caza de grandes revelaciones en donde el aparato narrativo tensionará la acción, modulará el discurso y controlará lo visto y lo dicho, creando, en ocasiones, equívocos. Cuidadosamente construída esta narración sostiene el interés del lector, haciéndolo cómplice de un espacio que será cuestionado en busca de lo que oculta. Excelentemente construída, esta novela atrapa al lector desde el principio. [MGC] 1355 Correa, Oscar. La gran cacería: novela. Imagen de cubierta y de interiores por Raymond Cruz Corchado. San Juan:

346 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Isla Negra, Editores 2017. 211 p.: color ill., color map. (Colección La montaña de papel) Estructuralmente dividida en 10 secciones esta novela está construida en torno a una cacería convocada por el ex gobernador puertorriqueño y artífice del proyecto de modernización de Puerto Rico, Luis Muñoz Marín. Los personajes que participarán en la cacería son reales, pero no coexistieron todos ni en las mismas épocas, ni en los mismos lugares (espacios, países). Éstos incluyen al papa Pío VII (1742–1823), Samuel Sharpe (1801–32), Eugenio María de Hostos (1839–1903) y Julia de Burgos (1914–53). La novela se construye como un cruce entre memoria e historia junto al mundo de la imaginación. La misma relata las memorias de la resistencia al proyecto de país instituido por Muñoz Marín. A lo largo del texto aparecen las opiniones divididas de personajes históricos a la iniciativa de Muñoz. Cada capítulo incluye una cita de Muñoz Marín, casi como reflexión o justificación a los pensamientos del personaje real literaturizado a lo largo de las páginas. Interesante intento de enfrentar al lector con el juicio de la historia hacia el personaje histórico real hecho personaje literario en estas páginas. [MGC]

1356 Cruz Durán, Giovanny. Códices en las cortesías de mis libros. Santo Domingo: Editora Nacional, 2018. 165 p. Es una colección de 10 cuentos del dramaturgo y actor dominicano que recibió el Premio Anual del Cuento del 2017. El autor, que ha sido elegido en el 2021 miembro de la Academia Dominicana de Lengua, mezcla la vida cotidiana con la picaresca: por ejemplo, un personaje se va a París sin intenciones de pagar por entero el boleto que paga a plazos; en otro cuento el personaje masculino se casa y divorcia con la misma rapidez sin ningún trauma. Es una mirada irónica sobre la conducta picaresca contemporánea. [DAA] 1357 Cueto Roig, Juan. Las confesiones de María Tibisí y otros cuentos. Miami, Fla.: Editorial Silueta, 2018. 238 p. La colección de cuentos del escritor y traductor radicado en Miami incluye cuentos anteriormente publicados con otros más recientes. Muchos son microcuentos que rayan en el aforismo irónicos incurriendo en el arte del humor negro. [DAA]

1358 Debs Ramos, Nancy. La fragilidad de las cosas: (cuentos). San Juan: Isla Negra, Editores, 2017. 105 p. (Colección El rostro y la máscara) Colección de 22 narraciones breves (cuentos y microcuentos) que recibió Mención de Honor del Pen de Puerto Rico en la categoría cuento. La misma está compuesta de ficciones escritas en el transcurso de unos cuatro o cinco años. La colección no fue originalmente pensada como un libro con enfoques particulares, sino que en la misma aparecen textos de distintos temas. El elemento común es que todos tratan acerca de la condición humana. Algunos de los temas presentes en la colección son la muerte, la otredad y la autocrítica personal y colectiva. Tres de los cuentos de esta colección se basan en hechos reales. “El proveedor” es la experiencia del padre de la autora cuando ésta tendría entre dos y seis años y vivía junto a sus cuatro hermanos y su madre en el Líbano, durante la Primera Guerra Mundial. [MGC] 1359 Deive, Carlos Esteban. Sherlock Holmes y el misterio de los restos de Colón. Santo Domingo: Editora Nacional, 2016. 236 p. (Colección Premios nacionales) El título es a la misma vez delirante, pero histórico. Imaginar que el detective británico, novelesco claro está, fuera contratado para averiguar lo que fue un verdadero enigma histórico—en donde yacían en verdad los restos del explorador, es el germen de esta novela de mano de un escritor e historiador. [DAA] 1360 Díaz López, Johanna et al. Nueve voces contando hasta diez: antología de cuentos premiados. Santo Domingo: Editorial Funglode, 2017. 133 p. (Premios Funglode/GFDD; 2007–2016. Premio Funglode de cuento Juan Bosch) Este breve tomo reúne cuentos premiados por la Fundación Global Democracia y Desarrollo. Como indica el título, recoge 10 cuentos de diversos autores desde el 2007 al 2015. En el prólogo se señala la creciente importancia que ha cobrado el género del cuento en la República Dominicana. [DAA] 1361 Echevarría Peré, Ahmel. Insomnio: the fight club. La Habana: Letras Cubanas, 2015. 148 p. (El cuento)

Literature: 21st Century: Hispanic Caribbean: Prose Fiction / 347 Es una colección de siete cuentos del escritor que se conoció como integrante de la “Generación 0” por pertenecer al grupo de escritores que comenzaron a publicar a partir del año 2000. En el primer cuento, aparece un personaje que se describe físicamente igual que el escritor y además lleva su mismo nombre. Según dijo en una entrevista publicada en Juventud Rebelde (18 febrero 2017) a raíz de la presentación de este libro: “Me interesa el individuo, todas aquellas pequeñas historias que subyacen en lo más íntimo, tanto en las obsesiones, como en los placeres y los deseos relacionados con la vida y con el sexo. Para mí esas pequeñas historias constituyen la manera expedita de asomarse a un contexto más abarcador, en este caso la historia de Cuba, sus grandes momentos, y los espacios de vida que han transcurrido en cada una de sus gestas emancipadoras.” [DAA]

1363 Garrandés, Alberto. Demonios. La Habana: Letras Cubanas, 2016. 277 p. La novela fue ganadora del Premio Alejo Carpentier del 2016. Es la historia de un protagonista masculino y sus periplos en donde aparecen alusiones y juicios sobre el arte, el cine y la literatura. Tal postura del personaje ficticio está muy de acorde con el oficio del autor, que es un crítico literario y ensayista. [DAA]

1362 Fuster Lavín, Ana María. Carnaval de sangre: microcuentos y otras brevedades de la palabra. Segunda edición revisada. Hato Rey, Puerto Rico: Editorial EDP University, 2016. 113 p. Los microcuentos, por defi nición, se enfrentan a la idea de límite: contar una historia en pocas líneas. Por su carácter breve, cada palabra cumple un papel fundamental para que el lector pueda recrear en su mente las distintas imágenes que conforman la historia. Estos micro cuentos de Fuster Lavín, son fieles a su título. Como lo indica Emilio del Carril en su breve introducción a la colección contiene algunos cuentos estremecedores, situaciones límites y, curiosamente, cercanos e íntimos. Algunos son pesimistas y desoladores, todos nos obligan a pensar en el significado básico del carnaval y su alteración temporal de registros y sentimientos. Algunos muestran la ciudad silente, otros hablan de temblores, secretos y abismos. La tercera y la cuarta sección de la colección asume las alteraciones más dramáticas sugeridas por la idea del carnaval. En este caso las reflexiones son de amores caníbales y el carnaval de sangre que produce lo que la última sección llama “Los placeres de la muerte”. Estos textos breves e impactantes muestran a una escritora en control de un lenguaje minimalista y muy eficaz. El impacto de lo leído acompañará al lector mucho después de cerrar el libro. [MGC]

1365 Ibarra, Christian. Ventanas. San Juan: Libros AC, 2017. 81 p. Segundo libro publicado por el autor, contiene nueve cuentos de temas variados. Entre éstos se destacan la cultura juvenil, las relaciones temporales, sexo, experimentación, memoria, la educación del héroe, espacio y lugar, afectos familiares, la relación entre imágenes fotográficas y recuerdos, entre muchos otros. De particular interés son los cuentos que exploran la intimidad de los personajes, algunos construidos a partir de la cotidianeidad, el silencio y el abandono. Otros cuentos como “La ola” reflexionan acerca de lo que no se puede controlar, como la ocasional voracidad de la naturaleza. Aún otros son de carácter íntimo y muy humano como los que narran el enfrentamiento a situaciones límites la vejez, la soledad, la importancia de la idea de comunidad. “Puki” es simplemente sobre el afecto de un animalito doméstico: un perro. Otros se detienen en dramas más profundos y sicológicos. De particular fuerza es “Papá llegará pronto” sobre un padre viudo, travestido y prostituido que camina las calles de noche mientras el hijo duerme. Buena técnica narrativa y deliberada exploración de los intersticios humanos de los personajes. [MGC]

1364 Gómez de Avellaneda, Gertrudis. Tres novelas. Prólogo de Cira Romero. La Habana: Letras Cubanas, 2013. 667 p. Esta edición reúne como indica el título tres novelas de la importante dramaturga, poeta y novelista del Romanticismo en español. La primera novela es la emblemática y conocida Sab, seguida por las no menos interesantes Dos mujeres y El artista barquero o Los cuatro cinco de junio. [DAA]

1366 Lage, Jorge Enrique et al. Los días del futuro: premios Calendario de Ciencia Ficción 2003–2016. Compilación y prólogo

348 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 por Yoss. Nueva Gerona, Cuba: Ediciones Áncoras, 2016. 140 p. El escritor de ciencia ficción reúne esta antología de 10 cuentos cubanos de ciencia ficción redactados en el siglo XXI. Entre ellos, además del propio Yoss, figura un cuento del conocido escritor Jorge Enrique Lage. [DAA]

1367 La maldición de Otelo: relatos cubanos sobre celos. Selección y prólogo por Teresa Medina Rodríguez. La Habana: Editorial Letras Cubanas, 2016. 259 p. El prólogo establece la premisa que los celos son una patología psiquiátrica. La colección se inicia con un cuento de Aida Bahr sobre los celos dentro de una familia y concluye con el cuento de Marilyn Bobes, otra conocida escritora cubana, que se centra en los celos entre parejas y la inseguridad femenina. [DAA] 1368 Marcallé Abréu, Roberto. Espera de penumbras en el viejo bar: novela. Segunda edición. Santa Domingo: Biblioteca Roberto Marcallé Abreu, 2016. 110 p. Es la reedición de una novela que se publicó en 1980. Fue una de las primeras novelas que escribió Marcallé Abreu, autor que fue nombrado como el 2015 Premio Nacional de Literatura en la República Dominicana. Es una novela de amor, desigualdades, traiciones y equívocos al narrar la historia de un triángulo amoroso, en donde el protagonista masculino casado entabla una relación con otra mujer, en donde las relaciones entre ambos son igualmente equívocas. [DAA] 1369 Marcallé Abréu, Roberto. Las puertas cerradas: historias. Segunda edición Biblioteca de Roberto Mercallé Abreu. Santo Domingo: Biblioteca de Roberto Mercallé Abreu, 2017. 168 p.: bibl. El libro compuesto de ocho cuentos recibió el premio de Cuento del Congreso Nacional de Literatura Alianza Cibaeña del 2017. Según el criterio del jurado, el libro se destaca por “su manejo del lenguaje y de las historias narradas, que transcurren entre la ciudad de Nueva York en los Estados Unidos y la República Dominicana”. [DAA] 1370 Marrero, Rosita. Mas grande que mi vida. San Juan: Ediciones Callejon, 2016. 297 p. (Coleccion Litoral)

La década de los 60 del siglo XX dejó huellas en diversos países y latitudes. La irrupción en la escena política de nuevos actores que transformaron profundamente a la sociedad estadounidense, europea y latinoamericana ha dejado su impacto y resonancia hasta el presente. Nuevos movimientos sociales capitaneados por nuevos actores sociales, especialmente los jóvenes. En ese entonces, el mundo vivía una revolución encabezada principalmente por jóvenes quienes luchaban por los derechos civiles y la necesidad de cambios sociales profundos. En Puerto Rico, los estudiantes se unían a esos movimientos internacionales, reclamando, entre otras cosas, la salida del Cuerpo de Adiestramiento de Oficiales de la Reserva del Ejército de los Estados Unidos (ROTC) del campus universitario y manifestándose en contra del Servicio Militar Obligatorio y la Guerra de Vietnam. Este es el trasfondo de la novela Mas grande que mi vida de la periodista Rosita Marrero. Se trata del relato de una mujer que en su lecho de muerte recuerda su vida desde su infancia y adolescencia en los campos del pueblo de Utuado hasta su llegada a la Universidad de Puerto Rico, en Río Piedras, donde se redescubre. El texto reflexiona sobre el tiempo entre los 1960 y 1980 y el impacto de esas décadas en el imaginario puertorriqueño contemporáneo. [MGC]

1371 Martes Pedraza, Daniel. Eudaimonia: novela. Puerto Rico: s.n., 2016. 268 p. El título de esta intrigante novela obliga al lector a resolver un acertijo. El término griego eudaimonia suele traducirse como felicidad, bienestar o vida buena, pero los tres hermanos que protagonizan ésta, la tercera novela del autor, experimentan múltiples adversidades a lo largo de sus vidas. Eventualmente construyen una cárcel física adonde llegan lo que la novela llama participantes en busca de una prometida felicidad absoluta. Para los hombres marginados que llegan a esta cárcel ésta representa su última esperanza de salvación. A pesar de las múltiples vejaciones a las que son sometidos se espera que puedan construir una obra de arte que destaque la humanidad del espacio en que viven. Obra bien construida y sumamente oscura, la novela subraya las posibilidades de salvación a través del arte. [MGC]

Literature: 21st Century: Hispanic Caribbean: Prose Fiction / 349

1372 Martínez-Maldonado, Manuel. El imperialista ausente. San Juan: Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña, 2014. 295 p. Escrita a través de breves capítulos o entradas hiladas a lo largo de sus 296 páginas, esta novela lleva de la mano al lector por dos discursos hábilmente vinculados: la literatura y la plástica. Los referentes a la obra del pintor puertorriqueño Nick Quijano subrayan de manera eficaz los discursos tropicalizantes que subyacen la narracción. Si al hablar de tropicalización nos referimos a discursos que se cruzan, se distribuyen entre los textos oficiales, la historia, la literatura y los medios de comunicación, haciendo circular estas construcciones ideológicas en varios niveles de la sociedad receptora, esta novela intenta problematizar la noción de fusión que este ejercicio plantea. La novela también explora la disyuntiva creativa de un novelista quien contempla el valor literario y el valor comercial atribuidos social y culturalmente a su obra. Esta novela recibió el Premio de Novela del Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña en el 2014. [MGC] 1373 Murga, Rebeca. Crimen sin castigo. La Habana: Ediciones Unión, 2017. 136 p. (Cuento) Son 17 cuentos, alguno de ellos microcuentos, que giran como indica el título en torno a la violencia, la crueldad y la autodestrucción. Algunos pertenecen al género policial. [DAA] 1374 Negretti, Vionette G. Sabrás que te quiero. Puerto Rico: Mariana Editores, 2017. 515 p.: ill. Sabrás que te quiero se publicó en 2017. Esta es la segunda novela histórica de Negretti, quien laboró como periodista por muchos años. El libro narra el indomable espíritu patriótico, el inmenso amor por su familia y por la ciudad en la que nació, así como los hechos sociales, políticos y personales que afectaron la vida de la nativa del Viejo San Juan Emilia Santisteban (née Maldonado) desde su nacimiento en 1863 hasta su muerte en 1952, especialmente las que tuvieron lugar una vez que juró no volver a pisar suelo estadounidense después de haber presenciado la ceremonia del 18 de octubre de 1898 en la Plaza de Armas en la que tropas invasoras estadounidenses toma-

ron la capital. La historia política y social de la isla y las costumbres, así como la idiosincrasia del pueblo puertorriqueño durante el siglo XIX y la primera mitad del siglo XX se recrean en detalle en esta novela, para lo cual el autor consultó más de 400 fuentes de información. [MGC]

1375 Nina, Daniel. El Nazareno: novela. Segunda edición. San Juan: Pasillo del Sur Editores, 2018. 159 p. Prolífico escritor, profesor universitario y periodista, su obra incluye más de una docena de títulos en diversos géneros. Es también cofundador del diario cibernético El Post Antillano, importante órgano de difusión para la cultura puertorriqueña contemporánea. En este texto el autor explora un interés por la vida de figuras musicales populares, imaginadas a través de la ficción. El primer músico sobre el que escribió fue Héctor Lavoe, una biografía novelada que se titula Rompe Saragüey (2016). Al año siguiente apareció su novela El Nazareno, basada en la vida de Ismael Rivera. Ésta última recibió mención de honor en el Certamen de Literatura del PEN de Puerto Rico 2018. Dos textos adicionales trabajan también la música y/o figuras musicales. Lo que tienen en común estos textos no es sólo la música, todos trabajan de manera crítica la invisibilización o prejuicio racial sufrida por los personajes literaturizados, a pesar de sus éxitos y logros. Bien investigada e impecablemente redactada, esta novela ofrece una importante mirada a la cultura popular como sitio de debate para la discusión de raza y clase social. [MGC] 1376 Pereira, Manuel. La estrella perro. Ciudad de México: Textofi lia, 2018. 145 p. (Colección Lumía. Serie Narrativa) La trama de la novela toma lugar en 1959 en el barrio portuario La Loma del Ángel, a la misma vez sinónimo de pobreza y de fama literaria, puesto que ahí también toma lugar parte de la famosa novela de Cirilo Villaverde, Cecilia Valdez o la Loma del Ángel. Su protagonista es un niño del barrio, que forma parte de una pandilla. La novela narra la transición de un régimen al régimen de “los barbudos”. Los cambios que ocurrieron en los años 60 desfi lan por la novela descritos como parte de las experiencias por las que pasa su joven protagonista. [DAA]

350 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76

1377 Pereyra, Emilia. ¡Oh, Dios!: novela. Santo Domingo: Santuario, 2016. 173 p. La prolífica periodista y narradora, presenta en una breve novela un recorrido o más bien un vuelo imaginativo por distintos escenarios históricos, el protagonista es Dios que repasa los distintos momentos auxiliando a los distintos seres humanos alrededor del mundo que se enfrentan a terribles injusticias en distintos escenarios y distintos momentos históricos, desde el torturado en los calabozos de la antigua KGB hasta las favelas paupérrimas de Rio de Janeiro. [DAA] 1378 Pérez, Jorge L. El último kamikaze. San Juan: Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña, 2016. 295 p. El título de esta novela, El último kamikaze, convoca al lector a manejar una serie de referentes literarios temáticos y de género. Primeramente, el término kamikaze, de origen japonés y utilizado por los traductores estadounidenses durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial para referirse a supuestos ataques suicidas efectuados por pilotos de una unidad especial perteneciente a la Armada Imperial Japonesa contra embarcaciones de la flota de los Aliados. Esta acepción, no usada en Japón, se ha extendido al resto del mundo para referirse a actos suicidas. La novela de Pérez vincula el término kamikaze a algunos de los preceptos fundamentales de la llamada novela negra, especialmente la atmósfera asfi xiante de miedo, violencia, injusticia, inseguridad y corrupción del poder político. Quizás el vector más importante al hablar de este texto es la noción de crisis, presentada aquí de manera amplia a lo largo de sus páginas. La novela presenta personajes verosímiles y complejos, quienes a veces habitan ambientes truculentos y oscuros, donde aparecen elementos exóticos y criollos todos juntos. Los diálogos son ágiles, y un a lo largo de la novela los lectores disfrutan elaborado y fi no sentido del humor que recorre las páginas de este enigmático y fascinante texto. No es sorprendente, entonces, que la novela haya sido galardonada con el Premio de Novela del Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña. [MGC] 1379 Puerto Rico indócil: antología de cuentos puertorriqueños del siglo XXI. Prólogo de Ana Belén Martín Sevi-

llano. Sevilla, Spain: Algaida, 2015. 292 p.: bibl. (Colección Calembé) La antóloga de esta colección reconoce en su introducción las varias antologías de cuentos puertorriqueños publicados durante el siglo XX por autores y críticos puertorriqueños y extranjeros quienes recalcan la fértil producción de este género en la isla. El guiño mismo presente en el título de esta colección al usar la frase “el puertorriqueño indócil” es un referente al famoso ensayo de René Marqués, cuentista, novelista y antólogo de una colección de cuentos y cuyo ensayo “El puertorriqueño dócil” ha sido debatido por décadas. El objetivo expreso de Sevillano en esta muestra es: “. . . mostrar la riqueza y la diversidad de la literatura puertorriqueña en este siglo, considerando a un tiempo textos que proceden de autores de muy diferente edad y perfi l, y con proyectos literarios muy diversos” (p. 9). El propósito expreso de Sevillano en esta antología es subrayar la idea de la heterogeneidad y multiplicidad de experiencias del ser puertorriqueño, textos que cuestionan la docilidad y la idea misma de nación e identidad frecuentemente relacionadas con estas categorías. La colección recopila textos de 30 autores puertorriqueños. El prólogo al texto establece pautas y criterios de selección. [MGC]

1380 Querejeta Barceló, Alejandro. Anhelo que esto no sea París. Bogotá: Editorial Planeta Colombiana, 2016. 286 p. (Seix Barral. Biblioteca breve) La novela sobre Juan Montalvo, el escritor y ensayista ecuatoriano del siglo XIX, cierra la trilogía que Querejeta dedicó al decidido defensor de la democracia y opositor al caudillismo latinoamericano. Esta novela histórica traza los últimos días del intelectual ecuatoriano que tuvo que exiliarse varias veces por su decidida crítica a los dictadores que se impusieron en Ecuador durante su época. Querejeta, que trabaja como periodista en el Ecuador, compone las memorias fi nales del ilustre ecuatoriano según unos supuestos documentos que moribundo había dictado en su lecho en el hospital de París, ciudad en donde falleció. [DAA] 1381 Rapsodia insular. Selección, notas y prólogo por Emmanuel Tornés Reyes. Ecuador: Editorial Cactus Pink, 2016. 241 p.: bibl.

Literature: 21st Century: Hispanic Caribbean: Prose Fiction / 351 El prólogo hace un breve recuento de lo que indica fue “la cuentística cubana de la Revolución” (p. 9). Incluye 19 cuentos. Entre los escritores representados más conocidos están Senel Paz, Leonardo Padura, Francisco López Sacha, Marilyn Bobes, Karla Suárez y Aida Bahr y Eduardo Heras León. [DAA]

1382 Risco, Enrique del. Turcos en la niebla. Madrid: Alianza Editorial, 2019. 451 p. (Alianza Lit) La novela del historiador cubano residente en Estados Unidos recibió el XX Premio Unicaja de Novela Fernando Quiñones. El juego de palabras en el título, característica del estilo del autor, indica con su inversión significativa la historia de cuatro protagonistas inmersos en el calderón que se supone sea el “hispano” o “latino” en Estados Unidos. Aunque predominan las experiencias narradas de un variopinto exilio cubano, aparecen además personajes de otras nacionalidades como argentinos y puertorriqueños que son parte de la población hispanoparlante del estado de New Jersey, en donde vive el propio autor. Su narrativa refleja ese barrio en donde confluyen nacionalidades, aunque predomina el exilio cubano. El autor usa técnicas narrativas como la variedad de voces narrativas, con un gran sentido del humor que distancia los eventos dolorosos. Sus personajes reflejan, con humor, los eventos históricos recientes de los países hispanoamericanos. [DAA] 1383 Risco Bermúdez, René del. Todos los cuentos. Santo Domingo: Editora Nacional, 2017. 229 p. (Narrativa) El autor es considerado parte de la transición literaria y política en la República Dominicana. Su literatura con su impulso hacia la modernidad se asocia como contribución dominicana al llamado Boom literario latinoamericano de los años 60. En el plano político, el autor también se opuso a la dictadura de Trujillo. El cuento “Ahora que vuelvo, Ton”, parte de la antología, es considerado uno de los cuentos esenciales en la literatura dominicana. [DAA] 1384 Rosa Vélez, Ángel Luis. El lenguaje del olvido. San Juan: Editorial Isla Negra, 2017. 169 p. (Colección La montaña de papel.) Esta enigmática novela presenta desde el comienzo la relación entre el ser y el

lenguaje, sus carencias y excesos, sus lógicas de sentido y sus constantes ineficiencias. La metáfora de la enfermedad, en este caso el Alzheimer, ayuda a articular los límites del sistema lingüístico para articular esencias. También se alude a la crisis de la representación y, en el caso del personaje principal, Pote, una urgencia por detener el olvido. Si como se sabe identidad y memoria se correlacionan de manera activa, la aparente disfunción mental del personaje principal contribuye dentro del texto a la reflexión sobre la crisis de la representación como una manifestación de la desarticulación de la capacidad de recordar. Para dramatizar este gesto en ocasiones la novela asume una lógica no lineal o incluso confusa. Temas destacables: memoria y olvido y memoria y dolor. [MGC]

1385 Rosario, Fari. Los espejos asesinos y otras minificciones. Santo Domingo: Publicaciones del Banco Central de la República Dominicana, 2017. 164 p: ill. (Colección del Banco Central de la República Dominicana, Departamento Cultural; 233) (Serie Arte y Literatura; 81) El autor dominicano ya había publicado en “Columpio de los sonámbulos” 38 microcuentos de autores dominicanos, incluye en esta selección los microcuentos de su propia autoría. En sus microcuentos, algunos de sólo unas pocas líneas, se acentúa la ironía y el aspecto lúdico y críptico de la anécdota fragmentada. En “El mundo de muñecos”, un mensaje fragmentado a modo de recado concluye con la frase “El mundo no es más que un juego de muñecos y de máscaras” (p. 118). [DAA] 1386 Sánchez, Minelys. Ángeles nómadas. Santo Domingo: Editora Nacional, 2017. 160 p. (Narrativa) La trama narra a retazos la trágica existencia de los niños desposeídos que viven en la calle. El lugar en donde se sitúa es el pueblo turístico de Puerto Plata. Aparecen los temas de la diáspora, la muerte, el turismo y el abuso sexual de los niños. La autora ganó con esta novela el Premio Letras de Ultramar de Novela en el 2016. [DAA] 1387 Santiago Torres, Alinaluz. Llegaron en guagua: (cuentos). San Juan: Isla Negra Editores, 2016. 93 p. (Colección El rostro y la máscara)

352 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Esta colección contiene 14 cuentos breves, se detienen de manera detallada e incisiva en la representación de una variedad de personajes de pueblo en un período de la vida social de Puerto Rico anterior a la modernización. Por las páginas de la colección desfi lan imágenes de personajes cuyas vidas se detienen en la descripción y representación del mundo anterior a la rápida modernización económica de Puerto Rico o lo que Luis Nieves Falcón llamó “la cultura de la pobreza en Puerto Rico”. Por las páginas desfi lan los niños que van descalzos a la escuela, la difícil elección de soldados que van a la guerra para tener un trabajo a su regreso y la prostitución de niñas adolescentes quienes se involucran en esta actividad para poder alimentarse y alimentar a su familia. El estilo de estos cuentos podría catalogarse como una prosa poética marcados por un lenguaje realista que presenta y documenta la cotidianeidad de los personajes. Una prosa trabajada de manera natural que le brinda autenticidad a los relatos. [MGC]

1388 Suárez, Alejandro. Por nuestra Perestroika. La Paz: Editorial 3600, 2016. 188 p. Ésta es la segunda novela que publica Suárez, que vive ahora en Bolivia. Es la historia de un adolescente que vive en un lugar llamado la Nueva Atlántida en la transición de los años 80 a los 90, es decir, hacia el fi nal de la Guerra Fría. Martín, con sus amigos adolescentes, buscan esquivar ser ingresado a participar en guerras como las de Angola, y terminan por formar un grupo de música rock. Sin duda, la actitud de decepción ya aparece desde el principio de la novela en la dedicatoria: “A mis padres, /pertenecientes a una generación/ que entregó mucho y recibió poco”. La generación que protagoniza esta novela es la que siguió y creció dentro de la debacle económica y política de Cuba. [DAA] 1389 Tres toques mágicos: antología de la minificción cubana. Selección y prólogo de Saturnino Rodríguez. La Habana: Letras Cubanas, 2017. 253 p.: bibl. (El cuento) En el prólogo, Rodríguez hace un brevísimo recorrido de un género de microcuento en Cuba aludiendo además a su presencia tanto en España como en América Latina. Aunque advierte en el prólogo

que el criterio de selección no pretende ser exhaustivo, sino subjetivo, reúne a más de un centenar de ejemplos en su antología. Desde José Manuel Poveda ejemplos contemporáneos, en la lista aparecen nombres de escritores fundamentales de la literatura cubana tales como José Lezama Lima, Virgilio Piñera, Reinaldo Arenas y Eliseo Diego. [DAA]

1390 Valdez, Pedro Antonio. Papeles de Astarot y todos los microrrelatos. San Juan: Isla Negra Editores, 2018. 196 p. (Colección El rostro y la máscara) Con el título de su primer libro “Papeles de Astarot” de 1992 con el que ganó el Premio Nacional del mismo año, el ensayista, crítico literario y poeta, reúne todos sus “microcuentos” en donde la anécdota de los breves relatos depende muchas veces del fi nal irónico del hecho narrado como señala el crítico puertorriqueño Emilio del Carril en uno de los prefacios incluidos: “la ironía, la paradoja y el sarcasmo son recursos recurrentes en esta compilación” (p. 11). [DAA] 1391 Vega Chapú, Arístides. Doce plantas bajo el sol. Matanzas, Cuba: Ediciones Matanzas, 2015. 98 p. (Colección Puentes. Cuento) El detonante narrativo es el suicidio de una mujer. Ese hecho es el foco literario que reúne la historia de los personajes que viven en el edificio. Mediante sus voces narrativas, aparecen los hechos políticos que han marcado la vida cotidiana del país: las micro facciones, los alfabetizadores, profesionales que terminan ganándose el sustento mediante trabajos manuales, incluso la presencia omnipresente de la pizza como único alimento disponible. Además, mediante el desfi le de personajes, se asoma las reacciones ante la diferencia sexual y racial. [DAA] 1392 Vega Serova, Anna Lidia. Ánima fatua. Ciudad de México: Felou, 2017. 239 p.: bibl. (Colección Letras abiertas) La novela en primera persona aparece como el relato autobiográfico de una mujer entre dos mundos, el soviético de su madre y el cubano biracial de su padre. La desubicación del personaje no es sólo nacional, es el tránsito a un cambio. Este deambular como tema de la novela ya aparece en la primera oración “Leningrado” (ahora San Peters-

Literature: 21st Century: Hispanic Caribbean: Literary Criticism And History / 353 burgo) es una ciudad de puentes. La fluidez desestabilizadora del cambio parecería ser el tema principal de una novela que narra el deambular de su protagonista de identidad igualmente imprecisa. [DAA]

1393 Velázquez Medina, Fernando. El mar de los caníbales. La Habana: Editorial Letras Cubanas, 2015. 404 p. (La Novela) La novela histórica se centra en el siglo XVI en el turbulento mundo de tráfico marítimo del mar Caribe. Su protagonista es Diego, un esclavo cimarrón de Cuba, que termina sumándose a la flota inglesa del pirata Francis Drake. Según la historia, Diego pasó a ser asistente personal e intérprete del pirata ya que aprendió inglés y asistió a Drake en sus incursiones y atracos a las colonias y flotas españolas. [DAA] 1394 Vilches Norat, Vanessa. Geografías de lo perdido. San Juan: Ediciones Callejón; Santiago, Chile: Editorial Cuarto Propio, 2018. 132 p. (Colección Litoral. Literatura) Esta colección contiene 14 cuentos ordenados por números romanos. Comienza con un prólogo de Marta Sanz que identifica algunos de los temas claves del libro: el lenguaje, el país, la identidad y el género. También alude Sanz al tono distópico y de pesadilla de estas excelentes narraciones. En una mezcla de abstracción y nitidez presente en la mayoría de los textos, asistimos a una mezcla de lo surreal y lo cotidiano todo en uno. Algunos de los temas importantes son el espacio, el tiempo, la memoria y las maneras en que las mujeres se construyen más allá de las nociones de consumo. Los referentes son múltiples como lo son también la extensión y dimensión de cada relato. Los temas son variados y comunes a la vez. En estos textos hay geografías, mapas, story maps, archivos fotográficos, memoria, historia. También hay una materialidad de los recuerdos: casas, espacios afectivos, espacios físicos de entrecruces como los del mall, espacios públicos compartidos, junto a los espacios de la intimidad y la cotidianeidad. Las voces son auténticas, las miradas incisivas y la prosa real y vulnerable. [MGC] 1395 Yoss. La voz del abismo. Madrid: Apache Libros, 2017. 133 p. (Pluma terror; 003) Es una breve novela experimental del escritor y músico que se conoce por

sus textos de ciencia ficción. En este breve relato, se suman la religión, el amor y el terror: el culto afrocubano, el catolicismo y el judaísmo con la música heavy metal. El protagonista, un babalao (sacerdote en la santería), ya anciano, va en busca de su bisnieta—fanática del heavy metal—que ha desaparecido, enamorada de un diabólico músico de heavy metal. [DAA]

1396 Zapata, César Augusto. Persistencia del ángel: lugares comunes en la vida de Claudio Cruz. Santo Domingo: Banco Central de la República Dominicana, 2017. 139 p. (Colección del Banco Central de la República Dominicana; 23) (Serie Arte Literatura; 83) Estructurada según las letras de un antiguo bolero titulado “Sombras”, la trama de esta breve novela toma lugar en un burdel, y trata sobre la sexualidad y la explotación sexual. El autor pertenece a la llamada generación de los 80 de la literatura dominicana. [DAA] 1397 Zeno Gandía, Manuel. Cuentos. Introducción por Mario O. Ayala Santiago. Edición y notas por Miguel Ángel Náter. San Juan: Editorial Tiempo Nuevo, 2016. 278 p. (Colección Serie Miguel Guerra Mondragón; 8) Octavo volumen de la Serie Miguel Guerra Mondragón. Esta edición de los cuentos del celebrado novelista puertorriqueño Manuel Zeno Gandía fue editada por Mario O. Ayala Santiago y Miguel Ángel Náter. Recoge textos dispersos publicados en periódicos y revistas y pretende dar a conocer escritos breves del autor que han tenido poca divulgación. Una erudita y detallada introducción a la colección titulada “La síntesis ética de los cuentos de Manuel Zeno Gandía” cuidadosamente presenta los textos y los ubica en su espacio histórico. La introducción será lectura obligada para futuros investigadores de Zeno Gandía. [MGC] LITERARY CRITICISM AND HISTORY

1398 Behar, Ruth et al. Dossier: Rereading the work of Lourdes Casal. (Cuba. Stud., 46, 2018, p. 3–86, bibl.) El prisma que suele usarse para categorizar al primer exilio cubano de los años 60 se transforma en la figura de Lourdes

354 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Casal, tan conocida, elogiada como polémica. Joven, mestiza, representativa de la mezcla de tres razas importantes en Cuba, la blanca, la negra y la china, se sumó en los años 70 a la rebelión en contra de lo establecido y se declaró marxista y lesbiana. Exiliada renegó de su rechazo inicial al gobierno de Fidel Castro, mientras además se desenvolvía como académica en los Estados Unidos. Sus trabajos académicos los escribía en inglés, sus textos literarios en español. Se sumó al movimiento llamado Areíto, grupo de jóvenes universitarios cubanos que eran exiliados y regresaron para interactuar con las autoridades de la Isla. El dossier dedicado a Casal está compuesto de cinco estudios de figuras femeninas académicas. Los cinco estudios se dedican a explorar la importancia del tema racial en la figura y la obra de Casal. Algunos ensayos son de corte personal, como lo es la introducción que le dedica Ruth Behar. El estudio de Laura Loma aborda el tema del feminismo. Los tres ensayos restantes escritos por Jenna Leving Jacobson, Yolanda Prieto e Iraida H. López giran en torno a la importancia del concepto racial y de la identidad mestiza de Casal. [DAA]

1399 Calcagno, Francisco. Aponte. Edición crítica, estudio introductorio y notas por Francisco Morán. Doral, FL: Stockcero, 2016. 237 p.: bibl. La última novela publicada en 1901 del intelectual y escritor cubano Calcagno trata uno de los episodios más importantes de violencia racial en la Cuba del siglo XIX, la llamada “conspiración de Aponte” del 1812. Aponte, un afrocubano libre que había pertenecido a las milicias, fue acusado por las autoridades coloniales de conspirar para la abolición de la esclavitud y además de pretender instaurar en Cuba una república parecida a la que se había impuesto en Haití, la antigua colonia francesa de SaintDomingue. Aponte fue ejecutado por las autoridades coloniales. En la edición crítica de esta novela que había permanecido olvidada, Morán hace un estudio históricoliterario del texto decimonónico que califica de un “magnífico ejemplo de novela policial” (p. li). El estudio indaga además sobre el tema racial y la actitud de Calcagno. La publicación en una edición contemporánea al igual que el estudio crítico de Morán es

una importante contribución tanto al conocimiento de la literatura decimonónica cubana, como la literatura en general. [DAA]

1400 Cueto Roig, Juan. Verycuetos, III. Miami: Editorial Silueta, 2017. 359 p. Como sugiere el título, la actitud lúdica del traductor, incluye en esta colección: poemas, crítica literaria, fílmica, teatral, comentarios sueltos sobre el mundo cultural en general: desde las obras de teatro del dramaturgo cubanoamericano Nilo Cruz, un comentario sobre la muerte del novelista Gabriel García Márquez, hasta su opinión sobre una película sentimental, antigua, protagonizada por Gary Cooper. Sus comentarios, según la opinión de Pio Serrano que se incluye en la contraportada, se caracterizan tanto por su “fervorosa eticidad” como por la “inteligencia y la sensibilidad de su mirada”. [DAA] 1401 Gutiérrez, Pedro Juan. Diálogo con mi sombra. La Habana: Ediciones Unión, 2015. 277 p. El escritor, que se dio a conocer por su implacable representación de la miseria a tal punto que se acuñó el término “realismo sucio” para describir la sordidez de la condición humana en novelas que le dieron renombre internacional, narra en estas memorias personales y literarias su inicio como periodista y las ideas literarias que configuran su ficción. Varios de los títulos de los capítulos sirven de indicadores de los temas centrales de este autoanálisis que además son temas fundamentales en sus textos: “Realidad y Ficción”, “Sexo”, “Centro Habana” e “Irreverencia y Obscenidad”. [DAA] 1402 La Fountain-Stokes, Lawrence Martin. Translocas: the politics of Puerto Rican drag and trans performance. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2021. 337 p.: bibl., ill., index. (Triangulations: lesbian/gay/queer/theater/drama/ performance) Translocas se enfoca en el desempeño y el activismo drag y transgénero en Puerto Rico y su diáspora. Abogando por su potencial político, Lawrence La FountainStokes explora las perturbaciones sociales y culturales causadas por las “locas” latinoamericanas y latinx (hombres afeminados, drag queens, artistas transgénero y mujeres rebeldes) y las diversas formas de violencia a

Literature: 21st Century: Hispanic Caribbean: Literary Criticism And History / 355 las que se enfrentan los individuos queer en Puerto Rico y Estados Unidos. Este libro de estudios de performance interdisciplinario, auto-etnográfico y queer-of-colour explora las vidas y el trabajo de artistas y activistas contemporáneos como Sylvia Rivera, Nina Flowers, Freddie Mercado, Javier Cardona, Jorge Merced, Erika Lopez, Holly Woodlawn, Monica Beverly Hillz , Lady Catiria y Barbra Herr; programas de televisión como “RuPaul’s Drag Race”; películas como “Paris Is Burning”, “The Salt Mines” y “Mala Mala;” y obras literarias de autores como Mayra Santos-Febres y Manuel Ramos Otero. [MGC]

1403 Luis Rafael. De donde crece la palma: la literatura cubana a través de 100 autores fundamentales. Madrid: Editorial Verbum, 2019. 214 p. (Verbum ensayo) Como indica el subtítulo, se enumeran los nombres y algunos datos fundamentales de la vida y obra de escritores importantes desde la colonia hasta el presente. El texto proporciona información clave a modo de entradas enciclopédicas que repasa la historia de la literatura cubana. Como tal, es un aporte útil porque presenta referencias rápidas a los textos y escritores cubamos desde el siglo XVII hasta la actualidad. [DAA] 1404 Rivera Casellas, Zaira O. Bajo la sombra del texto: la crítica y el silencio en el discurso racial en Puerto Rico. Carolina, Puerto Rico: Terranova Editores, 2016. 143 p.: bibl. Este breve tomo asume con fuerza crítica algunos de los múltiples silencios acerca de la discusión de raza en Puerto Rico. Dividido en seis secciones el libro comienza subrayando la ausencia sostenida de una seria discusión racial dentro de la crítica literaria y cultural en la isla. Los restantes cinco capítulos reflexionan acerca de ejemplos literarios y críticos específicos que hacen imposible ignorar las genealogías del discurso racial en la isla. Las polémicas histórico-culturales en el siglo XX evidentes en las obras de Luis Palés Matos e Isabelo Zenón son discutidas en el segundo capítulo. La otredad social de la ciudad representada por Alejandro Tapia y Rivera en el tercer capítulo. Una lectura de la poética de la esclavitud silenciada en el cuarto capítulo

discute la escritura de Carmen Colón Pellot, Beatriz Berrocal, Yolanda Arroyo Pizarro y Mayra Santos Febres. El quinto capítulo contiene una importante discusión sobre la representación de la masculinidad nacional y su relación con la discusión racial que incluye ejemplos de textos de Pedro Juan Soto y Edgardo Rodríguez Juliá. Las reflexiones fi nales sintetizan la discusión. Original y bien documentado, el volumen es una importante contribución a la discusión del tema racial en el imaginario literario puertorriqueño. [MGC]

1405 Sotomayor Miletti, Aurea María. Textualidades de Eduardo Lalo: el nómada enamorado del nomos. La Plata, Argentina: Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 2020. 1 Online-Resource (399 p.): ill. Este volumen crítico colectivo sirve de asedio a la obra del escritor Eduardo Lalo, ganador del Premio Rómulo Gallegos en el 2013. Contiene ensayos sobre varios de los libros de Lalo escritos por algunos de los críticos de literatura puertorriqueña más importantes en este momento. La selección incluye no sólo ensayos de críticos puertorriqueños, sino que también se incluyen estudios de críticos estudiosos argentinos. Los ensayos contenidos son estudios críticos de las diversas prácticas escriturarias y visuales, los lenguajes y los silencios, las reflexiones sobre espacio, lugar y ciudad de este original autor, así como las prácticas de lectura que estos libros plantean a diversos tipos de lectores. [MGC] 1406 Tena Reyes, Jorge. Pedro Henríquez Ureña: esbozo de su vida y de su obra. Santo Domingo: Universidad Nacional Pedro Henríquez Ureña (UNPHU), 2016. 575 p.: bibl., ill., index. (Una publicación de la Universidad Nacional Pedro Henríquez Ureña) Este voluminoso tomo es la historia de la vida y obra de un destacadísimo estudioso e intelectual dominicano del siglo XX. Se repasa su trayectoria que incluyó su estancia en varios países de América: México, Cuba, Estados Unidos y Argentina. Es un estudio enjundioso de un importante ensayista y humanista latinoamericano de la primera mitad del siglo XX. [DAA]

356 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76

Colombia, Peru, and Venezuela JOSÉ CARDONA-LÓPEZ , Regents Professor of Spanish, Texas A&M International University

SI BIEN EL TEMA de la violencia ha sido muy característico de la novelística colombiana durante muchos años, ahora adquiere particular importancia frente a los años de posconfl icto que siguen a los acuerdos de paz fi rmados entre el gobierno y la guerrilla de las FARC. Una vista panorámica de la violencia de los últimos 50 años se registra en Volver al oscuro valle de Santiago Gamboa (item 1418) y en Sin asombro y sin ira de Eduardo Escallón (item 1417), novela que inicia su acción narrativa a partir de la investigación de un crimen cometido en una hacienda de una familia prestante de la sociedad colombiana. Eventos puntuales de la historia violenta de Colombia son objetos de ficción en dos novelas, Mañana no te presentes de Marta Orrantia (item 1422) y Cuando Clara desapareció de Enrique Patiño (item 1424). En la primera, sus páginas refieren la toma y retoma del Palacio de Justicia el 6 de noviembre de 1985, en la segunda, se muestra el drama de búsqueda y dolor de un hermano ante la desaparición forzada de su hermana, una de las miles y miles de desapariciones que en Colombia han ocurrido en este reciente medio siglo. En Más que un forastero de Gabriel Jaime Alzate (item 1409), alguien retorna a su ciudad que dejó y ya no la encuentra, pues los estragos de la violencia se la han transformado por completo. En Más fuerte que el holocausto (item 1414), la historia de una pareja en las garras del nazismo muestra cómo es posible trascender al otro lado de una vida cargada de los horrores de la violencia. En La locura en que quedamos de Patricia Rodríguez Reyes (item 1427) se muestra parte del escenario humano en que queda la sociedad colombiana para empezar su largo y muy amenazado camino hacia la reconciliación. En el libro de cuentos Azares del cuerpo de María Ospina Pizano (item 1423), la mujer es la protagonista primordial de diversas narraciones que aparecen como un retablo de lo que es la sociedad colombiana del pasado y la actual. La Bogotá en escenarios de apocalipsis se presenta en Virus de Álvaro Vanegas (item 1429) y Vagabunda Bogotá de Luis Carlos Barragán (item 1413) con elenco de zombies en la primera, y una peste del olvido en la segunda. Para la novela venezolana de este bienio, sus tramas y audacias narrativas de nuevo se anclan en el pasado del país. En El espejo siamés de Ben Amí Fihman (item 1435) corren los años dorados de cristal y lentejuelas que a la sociedad venezolana trajeron sus bonanzas económicas de la seguda mitad del siglo XX. En otras novelas se acude a recrear eventos particulares del pasado, como el del asesinato de un arzobispo con la complicidad del Vaticano en El cielo invertido de Napoleóñ Oropeza (item 1441), y la cadena de protestas sociales que se desataron en febrero de 2014, en La trivialidad del mal de Emmanuel Rincón (item 1443). La caída del emblemático concurso nacional de belleza se explora en Adios Miss Venezuela de Francisco Suniaga (item 1445). En narrativa breve destacan la nouvelle o novela corta Edipo de Texas de Héctor Concari (item 1434), dedicada al cine italiano de vaqueros de los 70 del siglo XX, pero también a la exploración creativa de los años de dictaduras militares del Cono Sur. En cuento, forma narrativa permanente y de letras mayores en Venzuela, aparece en primer plano la publicación de los Cuentos completos (tres volúmenes; item 1436) de Salvador Garmendia, autor tan necesario en esta forma narrativa y aún en novela. Una muestra del estado del cuento en el

Literature: 21st Century: Prose Fiction: Colombia / 357

último cuarto del siglo aparece en Nuestros más cercanos parientes (item 1440), compilación de Miguel Marcotrigiano. Ya en forma individual, los cuentos reunidos en Diáspora de Esmeralda Tosta Montserrat (item 1447) y Discípula de Jung de Salih Wafi (item 1444) destacan por una divertida e inteligente prosa en manos de mujeres autoras. En El cuarto de los temblores de Jacqueline Goldberg (item 1438) se conjuntan prosa y reflexión poética para hablar del temblor como presencia de alguna enfermedad en el ser. El ambiente de apocalipsis o de por lo menos de ciencia ficción se presenta en Reyes y dinosaurios de José Negrón Valera (item 1439), una organización secreta quiere hacerse del pasado de la gente de Veneuela con el fi n de prometer un futuro inalcanzable y provocar un caos para que todo siga igual. Por su parte, en En la circunvalación no. 5 por 0,25 de Leo Alfonso Villaparedes (item 1449) aparecen crónicas de las nostalgias por una sociedad en que el costo de la vida le sacaba alegrías y buena risa a la gente.

LITERARY CRITICISM AND HISTORY Colombia

1407 Burgos López, Campo Ricardo. Notas para una historia de la literatura fantástica colombiana (1997–2015). Bogotá: Universidad Sergio Arboleda, Escuela de Filosofía y Humanidades, Grupo de Estudios Históricos y Culturales, 2017. 137 p.: bibl. Páginas críticas de un académico que, a partir del rigor y conocimientro de diversos acercamientos teóricos, se ha dedicado al estudio de la literaratura fantástica escrita en Colombia. Cabe resaltar esta labor en Colombia, donde el estudio de la literatura fantástica ha estado solapada o desconocida por un acercamiento a una literatura en que, según se le interpreta, por decir lo menos pareciera no dar cabida a lo fantástico. Este libro contiene artículos del autor sobre la obra de diversos autores. También hay un ajuste de cuentas con dos trabajos en los que la seriedad necesaria que exige el tema de lo fantástico está ausente. [JCL] Venezuela

1408 Antzus Ramos, Ioannis. La última claridad: el pensamiento literario de Guillermo Sucre. Murcia, Spain: Universidad de Murcia, 2017. 482 p. (Editum signos) Es un libro en el que se presenta un exhaustivo acercamiento crítico y valorativo del pensamiento literario y estético de Guillermo Sucre, uno de los más importantes estudiosos de la literatura hispanoamericana. Para Sucre, señala Antzus Ramos, es

fundamental revaluar las exageraciones en el culto a la historia del pueblo y a la naturaleza mágica en que muchos autores ha caído al ver la originalidad de la literatura hispanoamericana. Al contrario habría que asumir el lenguaje como fundador e inventor de la imagen que se tiene de Hispanoamérica. En el apéndice del libro aparecen algunas entrevistas y cartas de Sucre. [JCL] PROSE FICTION Colombia

1409 Alzate, Gabriel Jaime. Más que un forastero. Medellín, Colombia: Sílaba, 2015. 228 p. (Colección Trazos y sílabas) Novela escrita a dos tiempos, el moroso y recreado de la memoria, y el de la realidad objetiva de un regreso a la ciudad que ya no existe. En el de la memoria el tiempo trascurre con la familia y la presencia fuerte del padre, quien ya ha fallecido. En el otro es la ciudad, con las llagas despiadadas de violencia que contempla quien ha regresado a Medellín, al tiempo que narra acompañado por Estrada, personaje que ha aparecido de manera fortuita y le servirá de guía. Al fi nal, aquel que ha viajado desde Palo Alto, California, atendiendo una llamada de su familia, no encuentra su casa. Entonces tendrá que aceptar que no es más que un forastero. [JCL] 1410 Angel, Memo. El aire que habita el tiempo: historia de un piloto de avión, 1954. Medellín, Colombia: Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, 2015. 165 p. (Colección Club de escritores; 24)

358 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Novela corta que cuenta sobre la vida de Gabriel, un joven piloto que muere en un accidente de aviación de 1954, toda construida con la memoria familiar del autor y la imaginación. En sus páginas se da cabida a la recreación de la presencia de pilotos de otros países que se interesaron en los aires de los paisajes de las montañas y llanos de la Colombia de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Destaca en esta novela la presencia de elementos cotidianos de la comunidad judía a la que pertenece la familia de Gabriel. El título de la novela anuncia la reflexión sobre el aire y el tiempo, sobre aquél como otra sustancia del tiempo. [JCL]

1411 Badrán Padauí, Pedro. El hombre de la cámara mágica. Bogotá: Literatura Random House, 2015. 225 p. En una Cartagena propia de los años setentas del siglo pasado y la contemporánea, trascurre esta divertida novela en la que cuatro voces hablan de Tony Lafont, fotógrafo de instantáneas. El lenguaje es coloquial, cargado de buen humor, sin caer en lo costumbrista. Se cuentan historias de huéspedes del Hotel Bellavista, bien sea a partir de recuerdos o de los exactos momentos en que Lafont les toma una instantánea. En ese mismo hotel se han alojado tres de los cuatro personajes que con sus recuerdos construyen a Lafont como el personaje protagonista de la novela. [JCL] 1412 Ballesteros Capasso, Humberto. Juego de memoria. Bogotá: Tusquets Editores, 2017. 193 p. (Colección Andanzas) El mayor del ejército Armando Cárdenas va a dar a un asilo de ancianos donde trabaja una doctora que lo reconoce como miembro de un grupo que treinta años antes torturó, asesinó y descuartizó a Irene, guerrillera amante de ella. La doctora quiere vengarse y para ello se propone que, con su ayuda, el hombre poco a poco pueda trasponer las cortinas que cubren la memoria escondida de quienes sufren de Alzheimer. De esta manera él podrá llegar a enfrentar la verdad ante la doctora. Los estragos de aquella enfermedad en el anciano tienen su equivalente en la desmemoria oficial de la historia con la que se absuelve los crímenes de los agentes del poder. [JCL] 1413 Barragán, Luis Carlos. Vagabunda Bogotá. Medellín, Colombia: Angosta, 2017. 382 p.: ill. (Colección Lince)

Novela que en 2011 mereció el primer premio en el X Concurso de Novela y Cuento de la Cámara de Comercio de Medellín. Una pandemia del olvido ha llegado a Bogotá. Cada habitante ya no sabe ni siquiera quién es ni donde vive. Entonces a la gente no le queda otra que moverse entre fragmentos y fragmentos del paisaje de una ciudad que ya no se deja leer. Para Luis Carlos, protagonista de la novela y quien ha logrado escaparse de esa pandemia, su vida e identidad se afi rman en los recuerdos que conserva. Esa peste del olvido es también ocasión para que en términos narrativos se plantee de nuevo el tema del fi n del mundo, por lo que entonces la novela entra en los linderos de la ciencia ficción. La llave que también da cabida a este tratamiento es la ruptura de las relaciones entre Luis Carlos y Mario, un físico chileno que estudia un doctorado de física en una estación espacial. [JCL]

1414 Behar, Olga. Más fuerte que el holocausto. Con la validación histórica de Carolina Ardila Behar. Bogotá: Icono, 2016. 302 p.: ill. (Colección Literaria) Transcurre en Polonia, donde Bruno y Karolina Teicher sobreviven el exterminio de judíos por parte de los Nazis. La autora construye la novela a partir de un diario que Karolina escribe mientras ella y su esposo, cada uno por su lado, padecen los horrores de la guerra. Los protagonistas y demás personajes de la novela enseñan su impronta de seres de ficción a partir de adoptar los nombres que la autora les da. Es una bella y dolorosa novela en que de nuevo la ficción nos demuestra que es un ejercicio esencial para visitar y reconstruir la memoria. Esta novela llega a los lectores en momentos en que la sociedad colombiana vive los frágiles momentos de la reconciliación que busca luego de tantos años de confl icto armado. [JCL] 1415 Burgos Cantor, Roberto. El médico del Emperador y su hermano. Bogotá: Editorial Planeta Colombiana, 2015. 115 p.: ill. (Biblioteca breve) El poder y la gloria de Napoleón Bonaparte se resquebrajan junto con su cuerpo que ya huele a mausoleo. Francesco Antommarchi atiende al emperador prisionero en Santa Elena, y tras la muerte de éste viaja a Cuba. De nuevo se recrea el tema de la soledad y el poder, tan propio de otros

Literature: 21st Century: Colombia: Prose Fiction / 359 autores latinoamericanos. Tras haber atendido a un enfermo demasiado inconveniente en las rutinas de paciente, Antonmmarchi vuelve a empezar su vida en Cuba. Cuando intenta regresar a Francia, en el barco las redes del amor se lo impiden y termina en Cartagena de Indias. Novela histórica en que la ficción tan documentada del autor presenta al lector la humanización que suelen adquirir los personajes notables cuando caen en desgracia. [JCL]

1416 Caputo, Giuseppe. Un mundo huérfano. Bogotá: Literatura Random House, 2016. 216 p. Un padre y un hijo ahogados en la falta de recursos para vivir habitan un barrio marginado de gente en iguales condiciones. Al hijo lo arropa la noche para dar lugar a las expresiones íntimas de su ser en ambientes homosexuales en los que la violencia sugerida o declarada es parte de los ritos del cuerpo. La noche también sirve para acentuar el abandono social de los protagonistas, entre quienes el hijo acaba por convertirse en el cuidador y sostén del padre, hombre apocado y débil. Esta novela da cuenta de los logros y avances que las comunidades homosexuales han logrado en la sociedad colombiana. [JCL] 1417 Escallón, Eduardo. Sin asombro y sin ira. Bogotá: Universidad de Los Andes, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, 2015. 187 p. (Colección Ágora) Joan Lara, corresponsal de prensa, es el protagonista de esta novela que explora el acontecer de la Colombia de los últimos cincuenta años, tan caracterizados por la violencia como respuesta a la escasa o casi nula posiblidad de ascenso social y el fracaso repetido de reformas desde su misma concepción. Con el fi n de investigar sobre un asesinato Lara viaja a la hacienda “El Paraíso” situada en el oriente del país y de propiedad de una estirpe familiar. El periodista no regresará porque muere en un atentado a un coronel en una carretera de los llanos. Su lectura procura reflexiones sobre el futuro de la época de postconfl icto que ahora vive Colombia. [JCL] 1418 Gamboa, Santiago. Volver al oscuro valle. Bogotá: Literatura Random House, 2016. 500 p. El tema de la violencia que por tanto tiempo ha circulado en las venas de la so-

ciedad y la historia colombiana: de nuevo es objeto de interés novelístico en Gamboa. Novela en dos partes y un epílogo en la que Manuel Beltrán y un hombre llamado el Cónsul coinciden en la contemporaneidad de Colombia, en tanto que la historia de Arthur Rimbaud, que también aparece en la novela, sigue anclada en sus tiempos y lugares del siglo XIX. Hay también otros personajes. Cuando el destino de Manuela se encuentra con el del Cónsul, la novela gana en desarrollo y tensión. [JCL]

1419 González, Tomás. El expreso del sol. Bogotá: Editorial Planeta Colombiana, 2016. 167 p. (Seix Barral. Biblioteca Breve) Cuentos en que predominan la voces femeninas. Situaciones familiares, sin mayores dramatismos, para que los personajes muestren circunstancias de sus vidas en una prosa amena, de lenguaje coloquial. En el bello y fabuloso cuento que da título al libro, madre e hija mueven los muebles de la casa y adecuan los espacios como si se tratara de un vagón de tren. Con ello simularán hacer un viaje a Barranquilla, para que don Rafael, ya tan perdido entre los estragos de su memoria, pueda volver a hacer ese mismo viaje que cuatro años atrás había realizado en compañía de Jesucita, la madre. [JCL] 1420 Jaramillo, Ana María. El sonido de la sal. Ciudad de México: Ediciones Sin Nombre, 2016. 78 p. (Los libros de la oruga) Novela corta en 13 capítulos que muestra cómo el tiempo vivido, el pasado que da forma a los seres, está siempre en esa otra parte, física y spiritual que se aloja en la memoria. Pero también están en otra parte la vida de los otros con quienes Margarita se encuentra en un parque, adonde va con Caliche, su perro enfermo. La soledad de ella encara a aquellas soledades ajenas. Lo que es la vida de la protagonista encontrará razones en otra parte. Cuando en el capítulo 9 ella piensa en escribir un diario en tercerea persona, el lector sabe del pasado familiar que tiene en su genética de la memoria. Igual a como Margarita quiere escribir su diario, la novela es narrada en tercera persona, lo que posee la eficacia de hacer sentir aún más la lectura sobre una vida ajena, misma que siempre ha estado en otra parte. [JCL] 1421 Muñoz, Andrés Mauricio. Un lugar para que rece Adela: cuentos de despojo. Medellín, Colombia: Editorial Univer-

360 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 sidad de Antioquia, 2015. 139 p. (Colección Literatura/cuento) Siete cuentos en que se narran acciones de vida cotidiana. El escenario predominante es los espacios de la casa, y en ellos están presentes uno o dos personajes. Lo que sucede aparece en forma lenta y con la contundencia de un lenguaje sencillo y hermoso. Son vidas como incompletas, y que se llenan un poco al protagonizar lo que de cada uno se narra. En “Un lugar para que rece Adela,” al cabo de varios años Adela va a rezar en la tumba de su amado y se encuentra con la sorpresa de que la esposa de él también ha muerto y está enterrada a su lado. Confundida, aterrada, Adela huye del cementerio. [JCL]

1422 Orrantia, Marta. Mañana no te presentes. Bogotá: Literatura Random House, 2016. 203 p. Novela narrada en primera persona que de nuevo visita ficcionalmente la toma y retoma del Palacio de Justicia el 6 de noviembre de 1985. Yolanda, una integrante del gupo del M-19 que se tomó aquel edificio, es advertida por su novio de que no se presente a la operación guerrillera. Ella desatiende la advertencia, se presenta y deberá darse cuenta que su novio y otros han desertado. Lo que se narra con una prosa de vertigo cuenta verdades de la ficción y de la historia colombiana en esos precisos días y momentos. En sus páginas hay también cabida para la reflexión sobre el sentido de esa operación guerrillera y los recuerdos amables de las ternuras del amor. [JCL] 1423 Ospina Pizano, María. Azares del cuerpo. Bogotá: Laguna Libros, 2017. 160 p. (Colección Laguna continental) El cuerpo femenino como espacio y caja de resonancia de la represetación a venas abiertas de la sociedad colombiana. Seis cuentos en que el cuerpo y su propietaria se afi rman en el protagonismo de historias contadas y cantadas entre tiempos de lo cotidiano, cargados de confl ictos y extrañeza. En “Policarpa” a una ex-guerrillera que ahora trabaja en un supermercado no deja de revolotearle su pasado de insurgencia en las montañas, hasta que cae en manos de una editora y los intereses de una multinacional del libro. En “Collateral Beauty” el cuerpo es el de las muñecas. La protago-

nista vende y envía muñecas y partes de sus cuerpos a un hombre extraño de Nueva York. Ella viaja a esa ciudad y necesita verse con el hombre, no lo encuentra porque ha fallecido. [JCL]

1424 Patiño, Enrique. Cuando Clara desapareció. Bogotá: Alfaguara, 2017. 202 p. (Narrativa hispánica) Esta novela es una metáfora de las casi 250,000 personas desaparecidas en Colombia, cifra que resgistra el epílogo. Clara es una mujer que trabaja en una central de transporte y se da cuenta de las irregularidades que en esa empresa se cometen. Acumula pruebas que comprometen personalidades de la política y seres del mundo del narcotráfico. Luego de que Clara desaparece, su hermano, el mismo autor, construye y reconstruye la vida de ella. Clara nunca aparece, y la burocracia, el desdén y el silencio infame del Estado acaban por caer como una lápida que intenta matar la misma memoria de su desaparición. Pero la palabra testimonial y ficticia del autor procura que ello no ocurra, como tampoco respecto de los otros miles de desaparecidos de ese país. [JCL] 1425 Restrepo, Laura. Pecado. Ciudad de México: Alfaguara, 2016. 347 p.: bibl. A partir de la contemplación que Irina hace del tríptico El jardín de las delicias del Bosco en el museo de El Prado, luego las diversas voces narradoras contarán siete historias en las que el mal se aparece como una presencia cotidiana que acepta la presencia del ser en sociedad. La estructura de esta novela también es tríptica, las siete historias centrales aparecen entre dos secciones llamadas “Pecatta mundi” (1) y (2). Como si el pecado o el castigo estuviese frente a un espejo, antes de empezar la primera historia, la voz narradora plantea que ambos son equivalencias invertidas. Luego, siguiendo este razonamiento, desfi lan ante el lector las historias de un adúltero, un asesino, un verdugo, una pareja incestuosa, un profeta cargado de soberbia, tres hermanas y una descuartizadora. 1426 Reyes, Yolanda. Qué raro que me llame Federico. Bogotá: Alfaguara, 2016. 199 p. (Narrativa hispánica) En Colombia la española Belén adopta un hijo, Federico. Al pasar de los años, el hijo se hace fotógrafo de profesión y regresa

Literature: 21st Century: Peru: Prose Fiction / 361 a su país para indagar sobre sus orígenes biólogicos. El deseo de maternidad se conjuga con las indagaciones de los orígenes de un ser, y entre los agentes protagonistas surgirá también el dolor. A esta circunstancia se agregan los malestares de la burocracia y su lenguaje a que ambos se enfrentarán. Las fotografías que toma Federico al regresar a Colombia corresponden, sobre todo, con el sentido de fragmentación con que se construyen destinos personales. Novela presentada en partes, capítulos y fragmentos. [JCL]

1427 Rodríguez Reyes, Patricia. La locura en que quedamos: novela. Prólogo escrito por Suso, el Paspi. Bogotá: Editorial Oveja Negra, 2017. 149 p. Novela en que el documento testimonial, la historia y la ficción se mezclan para presentar el panorama a que la sociedad colombiana se enfrenta luego de los acuerdos de paz fi rmados en 2016 con el fi n de poner fi n a un confl icto armado interno de más de 50 años. El amor y el perdón como valores primordiales para caminar hacia la paz se encarnan en una ex-militar y un ex-guerrillero. Tras ello, la novela muestra que en Colombia el abrazo por y para la paz todavía es posible de construir, aún con sus lentidudes y negaciones aupadas por quienes se oponen a que suceda. [JCL] 1428 Rosero Diago, Evelio. Toño Ciruelo: novela. Bogotá: Tusquets Editores, 2017. 228 p. (Colección Andanzas) Historias abundantes con las que más que configurar una trama se logra una especie de declamación sobre el mal. Al cabo de 20 años sin haberlo visto, Toño Ciruelo se le aparece a Eri Salgado, narrador de esta novela. Ciruelo es un personaje que se deleita en la maldad. En la lectura se aprecia que el tema de la maldad en manos de Ciruelo supera las destrezas de narrador de su amigo, especie de debilidad que acaba por dar evidencia a las nunca limitadas dimensiones de esta anomalía de la condición humana. [JCL] 1429 Vanegas, Alvaro. Virus. Bogotá: Editorial 531, 2016. 282 p. Ivan y su esposa Ximena, Camilo y Martina protagonizan esta novela, en que la acción constante inunda sus páginas. En ella se explora el tema de los zombies, los muertos vivientes, que tanta boletería ha generado en la pantalla grande desde hace unos

años. De repente la ciudad está invadida por una enfermedad extraña, la gente se agrede brutalmente. Ha llegado el apocalipsis, todo se viene abajo. La prosa es vertiginosa para una narración que corre a mano de diferente voces, diferentes focalizaciones narrativas. En sus página hay cabida para la sátira contra la sociedad colombiana. Bogotá es el escenario urbano de esta novela. [JCL]

1430 Vélez, Rubén. Todo era azar en el Hotel Sahara. Medellín, Colombia: Sílaba, 2017. 213 p. (Mil y una sílabas) Libro extraño en sus sugerencias al lector, de quien require mucha participación. Sus páginas ofrecen una lectura mediante el azar de todas las posibles continuaciones de las historias que de ella emanan. El agente sujeto de cada historia es Nebur, un viajero de toda parte, por tanto de ninguna, gran fabulador de Bagdad, especie de Scherazada caminante. Novela escrita a fragmentos, en la mayoría de ellos al fi nal se descuelga una fi na ironía. [JCL] 1431 Zuleta Ortiz, José. Las pequeñas causas. Medellín, Colombia: Sílaba Editores, 2016. 156 p.: colored ill. (Mil y una sílabas) Crónicas íntimas, de amistad, admiración y fraternidad dedicadas a personajes de la cultura, el arte y la poesía. Destaca la que dedica a su padre, el legendario Estanislao Zuleta, hombre de cultura inmensa y de la que tanta juventud colombiana se nutrió. También destaca la que el autor dedica al escritor Fernando Cruz Kronfly, hombre de vasta herencia cultural y corazón a mil para efectos solidarios. La prosa es íntima, poética, va ligera porque ella dibuja un retrato, y lo es más en la sección de Instantáneas. En esta sección son hermosas y confesionales las crónicas dedicadas a la poeta Elvira Alejandra y a Liliana Ángel Chufy. [JCL] Peru

1432 Rubio León, Leyles. Bailando descalzo por Madrid. Panamá: Editorial Fuga, 2016. 85 p. (Narrativa) The Peruvian-born Rubio León explores the experiences of Yonny, a young Peruvian who moves to Madrid to complete a business administration Master’s degree. Through a series of short stories that cover his year in the Spanish capital and

362 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 end with his return to Peru, most focus on Yonny’s impressions as he navigates his new environment, creates new romances and friendships and slowly feels a part of the bustling city. Nevertheless, there are a few stand-alone stories that exist independent of Yonny. For example, “La marcha” centers on an argument between the two figures, the bear and the strawberry tree, that appear in an iconic statue (and symbol of Madrid) in the Puerta de Sol. “Perdóname bonita” has a fi refighter as narrator, and recounts how he unsuccessfully attempts to rescue a young Chinese immigrant girl from a fi re. The stories about Yonny give a contemporary view of Latin Americans and Spaniards living, working, and studying in Madrid. [F. Jaeger] Venezuela

1433 Cánchica, Néstor. Aghori. Caracas: FB Libros, 2017. 202 p.: ill. (Colección ‘n’) El título de esta novela corresponde al nombre de una secta hindú que entre sus prácticas tiene el necro-canibalismo. En Venezuela la ejecución de esta actividad corre a cuenta del magnate Hermenegildo Cárpatos y sus hijos. El grupo empresarial Cárpatos tiene rivalidad profunda con el de los Carneros, y se disputan negocios de dígitos muy robustos. Con estos protagonistas, en la novela suceden asesinatos, secuestros y rituales de antropofagia con droga. Al fi nal, Laura Cárpatos repite sus ceremonias de sexo y canibalismo con el principal de los Carneros. [JCL] 1434 Concari, Héctor. Edipo de Texas: (espaghetti western). Caracas: Dahbar, 2016. 161 p. (Dahbar/ Narrativa) Lo que sucede en esta novela corta trascurre en Caracas, Roma, Buenos Aires y París. La trama incluye el mundo del cine en Italia y el de las dictaduras del Con Sur. Comienza y termina en Caracas, ahora en las víspera del intento de golpe de Hugo Chávez en 1992. Con humor, ironía y memoria que regodea en la nostalgia, se recrean los tiempos del cine de vaquero italiano tan popular y taquillero en los años 70 del siglo pasado. Fue un cine en que la dirección de Sergio Leone fue indispensable. Al espectador se le entregaban paisajes áridos, mirada desconfiada del vaquero con cigarillo al

labio, y mucha música en manos del grande Ennio Morricone. Igualmente en estas páginas se halla esta especie de aroma de la nostalgia por el buen cine, aún en tiempos difíciles. [JCL]

1435 Fihman, Ben Amí. El espejo siamés. Caracas: Oscar Todtmann Editores, 2017. 245 p. (Colección Hoy la noche será negra y blanca) Título como un pleonasmo, ambas palabras implican duplicación, misma que se traslada a esta obra en manos de diversos narradores que acometen espacios y tiempos diferentes. Caracas con todos sus matices es el tema por excelencia de esta novela en que personajes de todo el variopinto escenario social, politico y cultural de Venezuela aparecen o se refieren. La Caracas de whisky, tules y salones en brillo, tan característica de la segunda mitad del siglo XX, termina por ser un carnaval en manos de la muerte y la ironía. Historias, pasajes, anécdotas abundan en medio de una prosa arrebatada, alegre y que no deja desfallecer al lector. [JCL] 1436 Garmendia, Salvador. Cuentos completos: tomo 1, 1958–1980. tomo 2, 1981–1989. tomo 3, 1991–2001. Caracas: Fundavag Ediciones, 2016. 3 v. (Colección Plusultra; 22–24) Edición que contiene 304 cuentos de uno de los escritores más importantes del siglo XX venezolano. Con la prosa de Garmendia, bien en cuentos o novelas, las realidades narrativas en la ficción venezolana entran de lleno a los espacios urbanos, con sus lenguajes y formas de vivir. La obra de este autor marca un referente muy alto en el cuento de Venezuela, forma narrativa de gran desarrollo en este país. En sus cuentos se desliza lo fantástico, el siempre buen humor, la ironía y la otra cara de la realidad. Elisa Maggi, viuda del autor hizo la recopilación y se incluyen aún cuentos inéditos. El prólogo fue escrito por Alberto Márquez. [JCL] 1437 Giménez, Radamés Laerte. Campana de piedra. Caracas: Fondo Editorial Fundarte: Alcaldía de Caracas: Gobierno del Distrito Capital, 2017. 314 p. (Colección Stefania Mosca. Narrativa) Esta novela fue galardonada con el VII Premio Nacional de Literatura Stefania Mosca (2016) en la categoría narrativa. Es una obra de estructura capitular y fragmen-

Literature: 21st Century: Venezuela: Prose Fiction / 363 taria, con amplia pluralidad de voces narrativas. Sequera y Galarza son compañeros de estudios de arte. El uno como el otro se interesa en la escritura literaria y comparten entre los dos experiencias del pasado en sus vidas, algunas de ellas como parte de la necesaria educación sentimental. La literatura y el arte, con sus vitales consecuencias en el ser, son objeto temático en la obra. [JCL]

1438 Goldberg, Jacqueline. El cuarto de los temblores. Caracas: Oscar Todtmann Editores, 2018. 178 p. Prosa y verso en que la autobiografía de la autora se presenta, unida a hechos de la historia universal y latinoamericana. El temblor como presencia de la enfermedad, de la afectación de la salud del ser, es el motivo central de este libro, mismo que se extiende al temblor en otros ámbitos físicos del mundo. Las manos son las terminales en que el temblor se manifiesta, y así llegan a ser un “súbito desamparo” (p. 28), ellas aparecen una y otra vez como metáforas de la vida, del arte y la literatura. Las palabras en este libro avanzan entre asombros, confesiones y un gentil diálogo con autores que han hablado del temblor en muchos campos. [JCL] 1439 Negrón Valera, José. Reyes & dinosaurios. Caracas: Fundación Editorial el Perro y la Rana, 2017. 445 p. (Colección Páginas venezolanas. Contemporáneos) La Agencia es una organización secreta con sede en Nueva York que trata de hacerse al control físico, espiritual y síquico de la humanidad. Esa organización plantea despojar del pasado a los pueblos para proseguir en la búsqueda de un futuro que nunca va a llegar, como suelen ser casi todos los futuros. Es una novela de suspenso en la que desfi lan multitud de personajes. La Agencia diseña el Proyecto Teseo que tiene como objetivo infi ltrarse en la sociedad venezolana para tensar al extremo confl ictos sociales y políticos pero sin que se llegue a producir un cambio real. En fi n, “iniciar un cataclismo mental” (p. 135) y que todo como está siga en pie. [JCL] 1440 Nuestros más cercanos parientes: breve antología del cuento venezolano de los últimos 25 años. Compilación y pórtico de Miguel Marcotrigiano L. Madrid: Kalathos Ediciones, 2016. 417 p.

Contiene 31 cuentos escritos o aparecidos desde 1991 a 2016; años de la más reciente historia de la sociedad venezolana. La presencia en plano principal o muy difuminado de lo que ha venido a ser Venezuela con sus crisis aparece. Con esta colección de nuevo el cuento como género o forma literaria de gran desarrollo en ese país se afi rma. Es una antología en que, para huir de nexos cronológicos, los textos aparecen organizados por orden alafabético de apellido del autor o autora y sin que de ellos se presenten sus fichas biobibliográficas. [JCL]

1441 Oropeza, José Napoleón. El cielo invertido: (novela). Venezuela: UCAB Ediciones: Bid & Co. Editor, 2015. 426 p. (Colección País portátil) La Segunda Guerra Mundial, el Vaticano, el nazismo y la dictadura de Juan Vicente Gómez se conjugan en esta novela para reconstruir y revisar la historia del asesinato del obispo venezolano Salvador Montes de Oca. El hilo conductor narrativo es Eduardo Montes, un seminarista, al que en sus indagaciones se vinculan las voces de muchos otros. El régimen de aquel dictador y lo más reaccionario de la Iglesia católica de entonces hacen salir de Venezuela al obispo, quien terminará en Italia. En ese país, Pío XI y otros del Vaticano lo expulsarán de la Iglesia y luego un escuadrón de Nazis lo ejecutará en 1944. La prosa corre pausada pero en unas páginas muy cargadas de situaciones. [JCL] 1442 Ramos Sucre, José Antonio. Meditación inquieta. Compilación de Carlos Augusto León. Illustraciones de Ursula Rey. Caracas: República Bolivariana de Venezuela, Fundación Biblioteca Ayacucho, 2015. 197 p.: ill. (Colección Claves de América; 40) Conjunto de textos escritos en una prosa poética que de nuevo confi rma el alto oficio con la palabra de este autor que terminó con su vida en Suiza. Los personajes que aparecen son seres de siempre en otra parte. Al libro lo antecede un extracto de un estudio ya publicado de Carlos Augusto León. En él se declara, citando a Louis Aragon “que no hay poesía sino cuando hay meditación sobre el lenguaje y a cada paso reinvención de ese lenguaje” (p. x). Palabras justas de a kilo para el trabajo creativo de Ramos Sucre y, en genral, para quien entre

364 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 a caminar como hacedor en los terrenos de la poesía. La edición tiene ilustraciones de Omu y Úrsula Rey. [JCL]

mismo autor, de nuevo expone situaciones que tienen como esceneario la isla de Margarita. [JCL]

1443 Rincón, Emmanuel. La trivialidad del mal. Venezuela: Editorial Igneo, 2016. 198 p. (Colección Narrativa; 11) Las voces de Génesis, su hijo Gabito y su hermano Javier narran lo que sucede en esta novela cuyo punto de partida es la protesta social que en febrero de 2014 reventó en San Cristóbal y pronto se extendió a muchas partes de Venezuela. En ella fue necesaria e importante la participación de la juventud, misma que cargó con gran parte del saldo de muertos, heridos, detenidos y torturados que provocó la represión del gobierno. Estos hechos de la memoria reciente de Venezuela los rubrica el autor en la memoria de sus páginas, muchas con voluntad de crónica social. La narración se ajusta a fechas que van desde el 8 de febrero hasta el 1 de junio de 2014. [JCL]

1446 Tornell, Raúl. Rolandito de oro. Caracas: Fundación Casa Nacional de las Letras Andrés Bello, 2016. 204 p. (Colección Bienales. Serie Gustavo Pereira. Novela) Novela histórica que trascurre entre fi nales del siglo XIX y los primeros años del XX. El coronel Juan Angel Mejías, ahora centenario y padeciendo hemiplejia, es el protagonista de la memoria de guerras civiles, amores y otros motivos que nutren la novela. Lo que se cuenta sucede principalmente en el oriente venezolano, y a Mejías se sumarán otros personajes que su interrelación van a dar cuenta de las condiciones sociales y políticas de aquella región. [JCL]

1444 Salih, Wafi . Discípula de Jung. Venezuela: NSB Editorial, 2016. 90 p. Cuarenta y ocho relatos, muchos narrados en primera persona, en que el amor y la muerte pulsan entre sus palabras de ironía y humor fi nos. Hay poesía en los textos, logros confesionales sobre la condición del ser mujer. En “Entre mujeres” una le dice a otra que su esposo la ha abandonado a cambio de una mujer joven y fuerte, “él, de mal carácter y achacoso, no era un mal hombre, por eso siempre la bendigo, yo no podría con tanto” (p. 57). En este conjunto de relatos hay una especie de afi rmacióm de que la condición femenina con toda su fortaleza se encuentra en el lenguaje de ella, como fertilidad esencial para el nacer y el morir. [JCL] 1445 Suniaga, Francisco. Adiós Miss Venezuela. Venezuela: Dahbar, 2016. 293 p. (Narrativa) José Alberto Benítez, abogado investigador que ha aparecido en otras novelas del autor, sigue el caso del suicidio de María Genoveva Herrera Becher, una ex reina de belleza ya en sus 50s. El concurso de Miss Venezuela, que con los años ha llegado a ser metáfora de la sociedad venezolana, ahora también está en decadencia. Novela que muestra la estética como representación profunda de la historia y la sociedad venezolanas. Esta novela, como dos anteriores del

1447 Tosta Montserrat, Esmeralda. Diáspora. Prólogo de Sael Ibáñez. Venezuela: [publisher not identified], 2016. 194 p. Colección de 32 cuentos en los que con una prosa sencilla y certera, la autora nos revela de nuevo esas sustancias esenciales que dan vida a la condición humana, como el amor, la honestidad, pero también la falsedad, la hipocrecía. Las opciones para la tranquilidad espitirual que brinda el arte no están ausentes. “Inventario” es un relato breve que en forma de entretenida enumeración se nos recuerda del equipaje de apoyos con que debemos llegar a viejos, si llegamos. En las páginas del libro se muestra gran sabiduría en torno a la comprensión del ser humano. [JCL] 1448 Villalobos Mijares, Jacobo. 26 humillados. Caracas: Monte Ávila Editores Latinoamericana, 2016. 118 p. (Las formas del fuego. Narrativa) En 2015 este libro de 26 relatos mereció el Premio del Concurso para Autores Inéditos, mención Narrativa, de Monte Ávila Editores Latinoamericana. Se narran situaciones familiares atípicas y avatares del proceso creativo, con lo que el libro entra a terrenos de la metaficción. En “Escribir un dietario” se conjuga mucho de las preocupaciones que en otro textos sobre la creación se muestran. El narrador pasa de escribidor a ser un “ágrafo,” luego a lector del trabajo creativo de otros y, por ultimo, a solo escuchar lo que escriben esos otros. [JCL]

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1449 Villaparedes, Leo Alfonso. En la circunvalación no. 5 por 0,25. Caracas: Alcaldía de Caracas, Fondo Editorial Fundarte, 2016. 98 p. (Colección Stefania Mosca. Crónica) Libro que en 2015 mereció el VI Premio Nacional de Literatura Stefania Mosca en la categoría de crónica. Seis textos para conjurar el olvido y reacomodar la memoria con fidelidad a la imaginación

en el recuerdo. Es un viaje en autobuses Circunvalación no. 5 de Caracas, en medio de la nostalgia de un tiempo ya ido desde hace muchos años, en el que mucho de que se compraba en Venezuela costaba solo 0.25 bolívares. Los personajes visitan calles y esquinas, bares, restaurantes y tiendas de una Caracas del pasado. Hay humor e ironía en la prosa. [JCL]

River Plate Countries CLAIRE EMILIE MARTIN, Professor of Spanish, California State University, Long Beach LAURA R. LOUSTAU, Associate Professor of Spanish, Chapman University GIOVANNA URDANGARAIN, Associate Professor of Hispanic Studies and Latino Studies, Pacific Lutheran University ARGENTINA

LA NARRATIVA ARGENTINA en los últimos cuatro años mantiene una relación estrecha y persistente con ciertos hilos temáticos que caracterizaron las últimas tres décadas. En cuentos y novelas repercuten los ecos de la historia nacional tamizados por las diferentes sensibilidades y estrategias narrativas de escritores— algunos ya consagrados y otros muchos en sus albores. Como en la narrativa de los 90 en adelante, la escritura se vuelca hacia el pasado reciente de la época peronista, los años 70 y la “Guerra Sucia”, el debacle de Las Malvinas, el “Corralito”, y la novela histórica de corte realista que reconstruye y contextualiza el quehacer histórico en el siglo XIX. A esto se añade un interés más amplio por personajes quienes actúan en las márgenes de la sociedad, quienes se exilian en el extranjero, o que llegan de los países limítrofes en busca de un futuro mejor para enfrentarse con el prejuicio y con el odio de clase. Se retoman en toda su ambivalencia y complejidad sicológica las tramas familiares que palpitan bajo la aparente normalidad de una clase media y de la clase trabajadora o desocupada que no logra escapar de su entorno marginalizado y exento de oportunidades. El protagonismo femenino surge de muchas de estas narrativas que exploran las relaciones familiares y le prestan agencia a sus personajes. Finalmente, la geografía argentina aparece en toda su grandeza y su hostilidad ante los personajes que sufren y aman a pesar de la crudeza y la indiferencia de su ambiente. La historia nacional y el exilio político constituyen las bases de la novela de Carlos Bernatek, El canario (item 1454). Se indaga en la sicología del torturador y en la posibilidad de redención al mismo tiempo que se desentrañan las secuelas de aquellos que vuelven del exilio y no logran adaptarse. La gestación de la obra cumbre de Rodolfo Walsh, Operación Masacre, es el tema que Marcelo Figueras, en El corazón negro del crimen (item 1464) reconstruye hábilmente mediante el trabajo detectivesco de “Erre” (Walsh) y su asistente, Enriqueta Muñiz. De tono menos político, Beatriz Mosquera, ubica a sus personajes en un pueblo chico, Los Cardales, en la década de los 70 en Nadie tiene por qué saberlo (item 1482). La narrativa

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no aborda de plano la situación política del momento, sino que contextualiza los acontecimientos trágicos de la época a partir de la ideología, los prejuicios de clase, el papel de la religión y las pasiones individuales. Pablo de Santis, en La hija del criptógrafo (item 1491), se sirve de un grupo de jóvenes interesados en la criptografía para armar una novela apasionante donde el grupo es raptado por los militares para descifrar los mensajes clandestinos. El tema de la guerra de Las Malvinas aparece en dos novelas que tratan este asunto de manera diversa. En 1982 (item 1485) de Sergio Olguín, el drama se desarrolla en una familia de militares. Pedro, hijo y nieto de militares estudia—ante la consternación de todos—fi losofía y letras y se enamora de su madrastra con quien huye. La tragedia previsible actúa como metáfora de la sociedad argentina de los 70 y 80. Por otra parte, Pablo Farrés, en Mi pequeña guerra inútil (item 1461), nos lleva a una visión fantástica de la guerra y sus consecuencias al ubicar la acción 30 años después de la pérdida de Las Malvinas. El protagonista, un militar inglés poco a poco descubre los misterios de estas islas donde la historia se repite con leves cambios y las identidades del soldado argentino y el militar británico se confunden en una pesadilla de violencia. El siglo XIX y la construcción de la nación vuelven a ser el foco de la novela de Silvia Miguens, Lupe, después del viaje (item 1481). La protagonista es la viuda de Mariano Moreno y las turbulencias de la época son analizadas desde el prisma de la mujer que adquiere relevancia en la historia continental desde el exilio. Lupe, Mariquita Sánchez, Juana Manso y Anita Garibaldi forman parte de esta versión que completa en parte la historia. María E. Sheriff, torna la historia de un pariente para armar una novela en parte biografía histórica en El cautivo de la niebla (item 1494). El pariente llegado a la Argentina a mediados del siglo XIX forma parte de las primeras oleadas que construirán el futuro de la nación. Relacionada íntimamente con la reciente historia nacional desmenuzada en la narrativa argentina desde los años 90, la temática de los desaparecidos se ve representada en una variedad de temas y formas: En Las chanchas (item 1455), hay un secuestro de dos hermanas y se vive una gran angustia por la desaparición. El incidente queda planteado pero nunca resuelto en la novela. De hecho, el momento mismo del secuestro pierde trascendencia. Se hace alusión al planeta Marte como el lugar donde la novela tiene lugar, aunque a medida que avanza la narración, el estar en Marte es un hecho sin importancia y natural. En Hospital Posadas (item 1456) se reconstruye el pasado desde el presente del narrador. Durante la dictadura militar, el Hospital Posadas de Buenos Aires funcionó como un centro clandestino donde se torturó y mató. Desde el presente se pone énfasis en el silencio, la complicidad y la impunidad que azotó ese lugar y ese tiempo. La represión ilegal vuelve a narrarse en No pidas nada (item 1496) de Reynaldo Sietecase. En una novela de corte policial, se narran crímenes de lesa humanidad junto al gran dolor del protagonista por el suicidio de su propia madre. Una inexplicable seguidilla de suicidios por parte de militares le da impulso a la narración. Los protagonistas se trasladan al Brasil y allí se profundiza el nivel de violencia y de impunidad que coexiste de una manera salvaje y cruel. En La conspiración de los mediocres (item 1475) de Ernesto Mallo se narra el ambiente de represión e inestabilidad política y social que se vivió en Argentina antes del golpe militar de 1976. Se recrea la violencia del estado impuesta por grupos paramilitares del gobierno Los efectos del desplazamiento geográfico, del exilio económico o político, la marginalización de los extranjeros de países limítrofes, los prejuicios y odios de clase se revelan en muchas de las narrativas de estos años y visualizan el drama humano que viven tantos entre las muchedumbres indiferentes. En la novela de

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Florencia Laura Ghio, El ciudadano (item 1468), un joven peruano, trabajador y honrado cae en la cárcel y muere luego de ser explotado y humillado. Santiago La Rosa, en Australia (item 1474), documenta la historia de una pareja de argentinos que buscan en Australia una segunda oportunidad que no se presenta como lo esperan y se convierte en pesadilla. Fabián Martínez Siccardi, en Perdidas en la noche (item 1477), anuda las vidas de dos extranjeros, Luciano y Katherine, quienes buscan recuperar a sus hijas una en EE. UU. y la otra perdida en Buenos Aires. La aparente imposibilidad de pertenecer en otra tierra y la duplicidad ambivalente de la identidad y del lenguaje superan la historia personal. Del otro lado de las vías, Ismael Origlia, en Jaula y llanura (item 1486) recrea un mundo que desafía la cercanía con la ciudad con su total indiferencia. Sus personajes animalizados por la pobreza, la violencia de género, la incertidumbre, la vida sin salida aparente deambulan sin esperanza hacia un fi nal trágico y sangriento, único posible escape a la ruindad de sus vidas. Alejandro Parisi, en Su rostro en el tiempo (item 1487) ambienta su novela en Castellamare del Golfo, Sicilia en 1923. Basada parcialmente en la historia de su familia, llegados a las costas de la Argentina después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, Parisi reconstruye el terror del fascismo y la valentía de los que se le oponen. El sueño de los inmigrantes italianos del sur pervive en la prosa del autor. Adrián Haidukowski, logra plasmar en su novela la vida de toda una clase de delincuentes y aprovechados con humor y crudeza en Instrucciones para robar supermercados (item 1470). Franco, personaje narrador cae en un juego peligroso y excitante junto con otros personajes marginales para robar supermercados con su ingenioso método. La lujuria, la violencia, el incesto, las drogas y el alcohol se convierten en un medio de escape de la chatura de su vida siempre a las márgenes de una sociedad de la cual nada espera ya. Luis Mey aborda el difícil tema del maltrato de niños en Las garras del niño inútil (item 1480). Parcialmente extraído de sus experiencias vitales, Mey construye un personaje, Maxi, que estudia meticulosamente su entorno familiar desde la edad de seis años y poco a poco van aumentando su furia y su miedo, su necesidad de cariño y de aliento nunca recibidas. La violencia alcohólica de su padre en particular, y de su madre quien recibe golpes y los propicia, hacen incomprensible el mundo de la niñez. Una cierta solidaridad silenciosa entre hermanos, amigos y vecinos evitan la tragedia que siempre está a punto de estallar. Maxi desafía su destino pero las secuelas perduran. En la novela de Edgardo Scott, Luto (item 1493) Chiche, un hombre rutinario y deslucido mata a un asaltante en su negocio pero ocasiona la muerte de su mujer en manos de uno de los criminales. El odio hacia los que él llama “negros” u “orilleros” lo persigue hasta lograr una venganza sangrienta en contra de unos jóvenes que acabarán con su vida. La división ilusoria entre las comunidades de clase media trabajadora y los “orilleros” que se establecen en villas del otro lado de la ruta imposibilita todo intento de comunicación y de entendimiento. El miedo y el prejuicio ganan siempre la partida. A partir del interés por desentrañar los confl ictivos lazos familiares, una serie de textos tratan la temática de las relaciones entre madres e hijos en diferentes entornos y situaciones. En Aparecida (item 1460) Marta Dillón busca durante 30 años los huesos de su madre desaparecida. Recuperar los huesos maternos le permite a la autora reconstruir parte de la historia de su madre como activista política en los años 70 y como madre de tres hijos. La constante es el amor que demuestra la hija en la búsqueda incansable de los huesos de su madre. En Distancia de rescate (item 1492) Samanta Schweblin se refiere a la distancia variable que separa a la madre de una niña cuando ésta se encuentra en peligro y la madre debe salvarla de

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una situación amenazadora. Esa distancia se tensa tanto a nivel de peligro como a nivel de la narración que plantea siempre el peligro pero que nunca ofrece una resolución. En Precoz (item 1471), por otro lado, la relación entre una madre y un hijo aparece representada en un ambiente de erotismo tenso y ambiguo, situación que se sostiene a lo largo de la narración. En Hija (item 1495), Ana María Shúa plantea el tema de las hijas que si bien son amadas y criadas de niñas, resultan ser individuos crueles y engañosos de adultos. Se plantea el sufrimiento de la madre cuando la hija se aleja emocional y físicamente de la progenitora. En Una suerte pequeña (item 1488) de Claudia Piñeiro, una madre regresa a la Argentina después de residir 20 años en Estados Unidos para reencontrarse con su hijo. A lo largo de la novela se va dilucidando la razón de la separación entre madre e hijo y el profundo dolor que se experimenta después de una tragedia familiar. Fabián Martínez Siccardi en Perdidas en la noche (item 1477), aúna a dos desconocidos en búsqueda de sus hijas respectivas y de cierta manera se descubren a sí mismos. En los cuentos de María Teresa Andruetto (item 1453) de la colección No a mucha gente le gusta esta tranquilidad los personajes femeninos circulan, trastabillan y caen en búsqueda de una cierta autenticidad. En la colección de Inés Fernández Moreno (item 1463), Malos sentimientos, la banalidad de ciertos hechos adquiere un sentido profundo al revelar el fondo de las pasiones humanas. En esta misma vena, descuellan los cuentos reunidos de Liliana Heker, Cuentos reunidos (item 1472) quien desde 1960 presta su mirada escudriñadora a cuestiones de género, relaciones familiares y una miríada de asuntos que apasionan: el arte, la libertad personal, y los mecanismos de la memoria. En Sala de espera (item 1473), Beatriz Isoldi aborda de manera innovadora el tema de la libertad de reproducción, la violencia de género y el consumismo a partir de una novela sicológica con matices de detectivesca. La ambientación de algunas de las narrativas estudiadas se extiende más allá de la capital para ubicarse en la espléndida y muchas veces inhóspita naturaleza del interior del país que sirve como escenario donde se entretejen recuerdos, culpas, crímenes y vivencias familiares. En El río (item 1483), el Paraná es testigo de experiencias de vida y muerte de los lugareños y aparece como un personaje más que protege así como desampara a los protagonistas de la novela. En Tres hermanos (item 1458), se narran los recuerdos de un matrimonio y sus tres hijos en el campo en la provincia de La Pampa. Se subraya el entorno histórico del lugar con los indios ranqueles y araucanos así como las experiencias vividas por los tres niños en un espacio rural misterioso y hostil. En La visitante (item 1497), el valle de Tafi ngasta es testigo de enigmas e intrigas, convirtiéndose en el marco escénico del crecimiento espiritual e interior de la protagonista de la novela que viaja desde Buenos Aires hacia la Patagonia. En Imitación de la fábula (item 1479), el sur del país es testigo de un relato de aprendizaje y de búsqueda personal cuando el protagonista y una niña de 12 años recorren espacios reales e imaginaros, superando obstáculos naturales y mentales. En Años de gracia (item 1478) las sierras cordobesas son partícipes de intrigas familiares, infidelidades y engaños. Las alusiones a refranes y sentencias propias del lugar agregan autenticidad al entorno provinciano de la narración. En La cárcel de Ushuaia (item 1467), una pareja disfuncional con su pequeña hija se muda a la ciudad austral para recomponer la relación y criar la hija. La ciudad fría, ventosa y húmeda sirve como escenario de dinámicas familiares y laborales. El Chaco resalta como ambiente rural o urbano en la colección de Mariano Quirós, La luz mala dentro de mí (item 1489). Los niños y adolescentes protagonizan los confl ictos y secretos familiares desde una perspectiva tamizada por la experiencia vital de cada uno de ellos. Guillermo Saccomanno ubica sus

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cuentos en la Patagonia, recogidos en el volumen Cuando temblamos (item 1490). La Patagonia salvaje y profundamente bella se convierte en personaje que cambia el rumbo de los destinos humanos. La brutalidad del sur no deja escapatoria a aquellos que van a purgar o esconder culpas y delitos. La pampa, aunque nunca específicamente nombrada, adquiere en la obra de Mariana Travacio, Como si existiese el perdón (item 1500) un carácter mítico a través de los personajes arquetípicos y el depurado lenguaje poético. [LRL y CEM] PARAGUAY Y URUGUAY

Los 39 textos reseñados, cuya fecha de publicación se extiende del 2014, con la novela Sagrado colegio de Leo Maslíah (item 1527) al 2018 con el estudio críticoteórico de Ana Forcinito (item 1542), conforman un corpus signado, en primer lugar, por el cultivo del género de la novela negra, con autores comprometidos con proyectos de trilogía (ejemplo de lo cual lo son Hugo Burel, Nelson Díaz y Rafael Massa) y con casos de intersecciones entre una novela policial de índole estrictamente imaginaria y la historia—aunque esta última se haga presente a veces tan solo como un elemento secundario que sirve de excusa para desatar la trama ficcional. Tal es el caso de Milton Fornaro en La madriguera (item 1520) y el de Hugo Fontana con El agua blanda (item 1519). En términos estilísticos, cabe notar una prevalencia del realismo aunque con tonos y en base a decisiones estéticas diversas y se constata además una prevalencia de la autoría y de la voz narradora masculinas. Los dos textos de ciencia ficción representados por El mar aéreo (item 1514) de Pablo Dobrinin y Verde (item 1534) de Ramiro Sanchiz corresponden a figuras autorales reconocidas ya en el canon latinoamericano de dicho género, con una producción amplia en su haber. La historia y la literatura intersectan, en varios de los textos reseñados, como lo venían haciendo en periodos anteriores, a partir de eventos y personajes asociados con el antes, el durante y el inmediato después de la dictadura. El primer ejemplo es el de la novela negra de Rafael Massa, Todos mienten (item 1528), que construye un argumento persuasivo sobre la insuficiencia de lo documental para dar cuenta de la realidad y sobre el valor irremplazable de la ficción como fuente histórica. Es también el caso de Pedro Giudice con El fractal de Julia (item 1522), novela en la que la fragmentación de las imágenes que remiten a la fi gura del preso político (torturado y liberado después) entre las muchas otras identidades que hacen al protagonista, sigue convocando a la sociedad uruguaya a confrontar delitos de lesa humanidad que continúan en su mayor parte, impunes. Además de mostrar los cruces posibles o necesarios entre historia y literatura, la novela, como forma literaria, sirve para revelar el carácter palimpséstico del espacio urbano como se ve en La madriguera de Milton Fornaro (item 1520). Del presente de confl icto entre dos grupos que se defi nen en base a sus identidades LGBTQ+, la trama se traslada literal y simbólicamente a los cimientos del edificio donde se descubren las huellas de un crimen evidenciado en restos óseos de origen humano. A partir de allí, la historia se desdobla hacia el Holocausto, con la exploración del tema del colaboracionismo judío, y culmina con lo que es también punto de partida: una historia violenta en la crónica policial de los años 50 que explica los restos encontrados. En una trayectoria que recorre la violencia en tres tiempos diferentes, La madriguera recuerda que no existe clausura para los secretos del pasado sino tal vez solo acumulación y esta siempre tiene un límite. Finalmente, cabe destacar una serie de estudios críticos de relevancia para el estudio del acervo nacional en torno a figuras canónicas de la literatura, diálogos

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basados en el intercambio intelectual y procesos histórico-políticos en su intersección con el arte. Contamos en primer lugar con dos ediciones anotadas sobre la obra de Felisberto Hernández. La realizada por Óscar Brando (item 1524) abarca la obra completa del autor adhiriendo a los principios de la crítica genética y por lo tanto, procura la reconstrucción del proceso escritural al guiar la mirada interpretativa a la red de significaciones que se establecieron entre los textos felisbertianos y los procesos culturales de los que estos emergieron. La edición de Daniel Morena (item 1543), por su parte, recopila la correspondencia mantenida por el escritor con familiares e intelectuales, durante más de tres décadas, a lo que se suman 120 piezas para piano improvisadas e inéditas hasta el presente, excepto por una. Elena Romiti es la autora de dos ediciones que también suscriben a la teoría genética; una corresponde a la primera novela de la escritora Clara Silva (item 1545) y otra constituye el primer volumen que reúne el intercambio epistolar (activo y pasivo) entre Unamuno y sus intelectuales contemporáneos en el Uruguay (item 1544). Hiber Conteris, por su parte, es el autor de una lectura narratológica de la obra narrativa de Mario Benedetti (item 1541) que incluye como novedad a destacar, la consideración especial de la producción asociada con lo que el propio Benedetti categorizara como la etapa de su desexilio. En su libro Intermittences: Memory, Justice, and the Poetics of the Visible in Uruguay (item 1542), Ana Forcinito, suscribiendo a la noción de la configuración de la memoria social como proceso signado por disputas (y siguiendo en esta noción a la socióloga argentina Elizabeth Jelin), “excava” al modo benjaminiano, en aquellas prácticas artísticas que han surgido a lo largo de tres décadas de postdictadura, intermitente y persistentemente, para crear una memoria alternativa a la visibilizada por el discurso oficial. La autora arguye que dichas prácticas, a las que interpreta como gestos que interrumpen, productivamente, un discurso prevalente marcado por la impunidad, redirigen la mirada mnemónica a espacios y experiencias previamente ocultos tales como la especificidad de la violencia de género en el marco del terrorismo de estado, la violencia sexual como modo sistemático de tortura, las experiencias de una generación que vivió la dictadura durante su infancia, el rol del discurso testimonial como modo de mirar de otro modo. Este estudio provoca a pensar en la memoria de una manera que evade y excede parámetros tradicionales tales como los que han opuesto frecuentemente lo individual a lo colectivo o han concebido a la memoria como un espacio fracturado/rompecabezas a completar. La tesis central invita y persuade a considerar el acto estético mismo como imprescindible para visibilizar la evidencia de lo denunciable. [GU]

PROSE FICTION Argentina

1450 Abbate, Florencia. Felices hasta que amanezca. Buenos Aires: Emecé, 2017. 234 p. (Cruz del Sur) Los nueve relatos de esta colección se centran en las vivencias de mujeres profesionales en busca de una elusiva felicidad. Las protagonistas revelan la complejidad de las relaciones humanas y la necesidad angustiosa de comunicación con otros seres. Entre estas mujeres se encuentran una fotógrafa

quien a través de los años intenta captar con su cámara la belleza y la vitalidad de su mejor amiga. En Beirut luego de un sangriento ataque, una periodista tiene un reencuentro casual con Victoria, una canadiense con quien había tenido una relación pasajera. Más tarde se enterará de que Victoria trabaja para los servicios secretos israelitas. La disolución de la pareja, el desencuentro ideológico entre seres que se aman, y el deseo sexual conforman las temáticas de estos personajes bien delineados y conmovedores. [CEM]

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1451 Agresti, Alejandro. Si te digo te miento. Buenos Aires: Sudamericana, 2017. 207 p. Coco Campos es un amnésico amputado de una pierna a quien se le ha ofrecido un trabajo en un cine de barrio como chocolatero en la década de los 60. La memoria selectiva del personaje trata de recrear un pasado heroico como consecuencia de sus acciones para salvar la vida de los pasajeros de un tren en el cual era el maquinista. Sin embargo, la gente a su alrededor parece confundir su nombre, se refieren a su pasado en forma solapada, parecen encubrir otros hechos desconocidos para Coco. El pasado se va recuperando con cada pantallazo de memoria recobrada para revelar no al supuesto héroe sino al hombre egoísta e inmaduro que en realidad se tiró bajo las ruedas del tren por amores contrariados. El personaje de Coco se adentra en el proceso de construcción del yo hecho a partir de falsedades para encubrir la realidad vergonzosa de una vida sin sentido. [CEM] 1452 Álvarez, Andrea. Los novios muertos. Buenos Aires: Hormigas Negras, 2016. 220 p. (Colección Puro barullo) Carla deambula, como narradora y protagonista de su novela, por su pasado en busca del auto-reconocimiento y de la reconstrucción del yo. La novela está dividida en seis partes que siguen una progresión no-lineal que cubre en forma alternante los años: 2010, 1990, 1985,1983, 2011 y 1991. Carla se reconoce y al mismo tiempo se descubre por medio de la memoria de su vida pasada. Los novios muertos del título se presentan como ejes de los episodios amorosos aleatorios y fracasados quienes unifican la narrativa y funcionan como antídoto a la dispersión estructural de la narrativa. [CEM] 1453 Andruetto, María Teresa. No a mucha gente le gusta esta tranquilidad. Buenos Aires: Literatura Random House, 2017. 151 p. Los ocho relatos de la colección revelan una voz narrativa a la escucha de los personajes. El lenguaje coloquial, las frases de entrecasa, se mezclan con una sensibilidad poética que capta tanto las nimiedades como los momentos cruciales en las vidas de los personajes, muchos de ellos mujeres. El tema de la inmigración, del exilio, de la

brutalidad y violencia de los años setenta se entrelazan con la pequeña historia personal, con la lucha cotidiana por sobrevivir y darle sentido a la existencia. “Gina”, “No a mucha gente le gusta esta tranquilidad”, “La parisina”, “La redentorista”, “La noche interminable de Villa Crespo” presentan mujeres imperfectas y profundamente humanas que se mueven en diversos planos en busca de amor, de autenticidad y de agencia ante las realidades de una sociedad indiferente u hostil. [CEM]

1454 Bernatek, Carlos. El canario. Buenos Aires: Alfaguara, 2016. 285 p. (ClarínX) Luego de un largo exilio en Brasil, Javier Parra regresa a su país para reintegrarse a una sociedad ajena y desconocida. Logra un trabajo agradable en una biblioteca de barrio y conoce al canario Maidana. La novela entrelaza las vidas de varios personajes desde la perspectiva del narrador quien indaga su pasado a partir de diálogos entrecortados. Los capítulos se desgranan con las historias múltiples de personajes que se cruzaron hace 20 años atrás y en el presente de la narración. Miguel Bishop, Silvina, Flora, Maia, Lisi, forman una cadena pesada de recuerdos que el narrador va descubriendo al tratar de comprender al Canario Maidana y a sí mismo. Si bien la novela se acerca a la violenta historia de la Argentina de los años 70 mediante el personaje de Maidana, un conscripto que trabajó en la Escuela de Mecánica de la Armada, y en Silvina, una de las víctimas de la dictadura, también se recrea en la cultura hippie, en los monstruos sagrados de la música de la época, y en particular de la relación extraña y duradera entre Joni Mitchell y Bishop. La novela recrea los lazos profundos del amor, la amistad, y el dolor compartido y expone las secuelas inevitables del pasado en todos los personajes. [CEM] 1455 Bruzzone, Félix. Las chanchas. Buenos Aires: Literatura Random House, 2014. 222 p.: ill. El incidente que pone en movimiento la narración de Las chanchas es el intento de secuestro de dos chicas, Lara y Mara. Logran escapar y son rescatadas por Andy, un vecino que las refugia en un cuartito ubicado atrás de su casa. El relato está es-

372 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 tructurado en tres partes: “Andy”,”Mara” y “Romina”, personajes que dejan saber su perspectiva de la historia. Las acciones que se desarrollan en esta novela, como por ejemplo la marcha de los palos de hockey para pedir por el regreso de las chicas, quedan todas truncadas, no conducen a ningún lado. El hilo conductor de esta novela parece ser el entrecruzamiento de las relaciones familiares y la movilidad en el concepto mismo de familia. La extrañeza del comienzo en el cual Andy anuncia que están en el planeta Marte se vuelve un hecho sin transcendencia y totalmente natural. [LRL]

1456 Consiglio, Jorge. Hospital Posadas. Buenos Aires: Eterna Cadencia Editora, 2015. 298 p. Novela política que intercala el presente del narrador con el pasado violento de la última dictadura militar. El narrador es un vendedor de instrumental médico que ve desde su ventana la demolición de un petit hotel de fi nes del siglo XIX. En ese proceso de mirar y observar se va entretejiendo la historia personal del narrador así como la de Cardozo, uno de los personajes más desarrollado y más siniestro en la novela, especialmente por su participación en la represión y tortura a presos políticos que se llevó a cabo en el centro clandestino “El Chalet”, instalado en el Hospital Posadas de Buenos Aires. Cardozo y el narrador están conectados por Ángela, quien fuera la cuñada de Cardozo y la primera novia del narrador en los años 80. El relato hace hincapié en las huellas que dejó el pasado violento de la dictadura militar así como el silencio, la complicidad y la impunidad que aún permean el presente. [LRL] 1457 Cortelletti, Juan Manuel. Seres primordiales. Montevideo: Yauguru, 2015. 82 p. (Narrativivas; 14) La colección de nueve cuentos de Cortelletti ahonda en la vida en instancias transitorias de personajes en movimiento o con ansias de cambio. La brevedad de las narrativas da agilidad al argumento y a la presentación de los personajes y de su situación. Los puentes emocionales se tienden rápidamente y afianzan la relación entre lector y personaje. Las situaciones varían entre lo banal y lo sorprendente y el fi nal inesperado casi siempre deja una apertura por la cual

podemos continuar imaginando las vidas de los personajes. [CEM]

1458 Cross, Esther. Tres hermanos. Buenos Aires: Tusquets Editores, 2016. 133 p. (Colección Andanzas) Esta colección se compone de 18 relatos breves los cuales narran las vivencias de una familia que durante los veranos se traslada al campo en la provincia de La Pampa. Allí el matrimonio, dos hijos varones y una nena conviven con la amenaza del monte, el mundo de los animales y los lugareños que habitan la estancia. Se destacan el croto que como peón golondrina aparece y desaparece de la escena o Imaz, el puestero que vigila el pueblo. El entorno histórico de la zona se representa a través de la figura de don D, que conoce de flechas e indios y en los indios ranqueles y araucanos, que continúan siendo discriminados por capataces y locales. La niña es la principal narradora en estos relatos, es la que recrea el mundo inquietante y hostil con el que se enfrentan. El relato “Vacas” es particularmente perturbador en la descripción del destete en el cual las vacas son separadas de sus terneros por espesos alambrados. El mugido desesperado de los animales despierta una cierta compasión e inquietud en los niños que tratan de entender el misterioso entorno rural. [LRL] 1459 Cucurto, Washington. La serie negra. Buenos Aires: Paisanita Editora, 2015. 93 p. Este breve volumen recoge cuatro narrativas: dos novelas cortas, “La serie negra” y “Bukowski” además de dos cuentos, “Prisioneras de dios” y “Evita traicionera”. Como en sus anteriores escritos, Cucurto emplea un lenguaje colorido y violento que trasunta una realidad delirante, al borde de la parodia. Las temáticas abordadas en estos cuatro textos, el amor, el sexo, el poder, la justicia, la vida en la periferia, adquieren una cualidad demencial y a la vez profunda. Vivir es un acto de valentía, de desafío y de humor ante la realidad que trata de suprimir a los personajes. [CEM] 1460 Dillon, Marta. Aparecida. Buenos Aires: Sudamericana, 2015. 206 p. Novela que narra el secuestro y la desaparición de la madre de Dillón, Marta Taboada quien en 1976 es secuestrada junto

Literature: 21st Century: River Plate: Prose Fiction: Argentina / 373 a su compañero y otra militante. Los tres son llevados a un centro clandestino de detención y eventualmente fusilados. En esta autoficción, Dillón utiliza recuerdos, fantasías, reflexiones, sueños, fotos, algunas fi lmaciones caseras, así como documentación oficial, anotaciones personales y conversaciones familiares para recrear al personaje de Taboada así como la incansable búsqueda por recuperar los huesos de su madre. Esta es una novela de amor, de múltiples amores (fi liales, entre hermanos, amantes, amigos), la cual se aleja de la idealización de las relaciones personales y del pasado. En cambio, se retrata lo que cuesta existir cuando rige la injusticia y el silencio. “Los huesos no me trajeron alivio. . . me trajeron un montón de preguntas, un dolor de muerte reciente. . .Alivio, no” (p. 88). [LRL]

1461 Farrés, Pablo. Mi pequeña guerra inutil. Buenos Aires: Editorial Nudista, 2017. 150 p. Treinta años después de la guerra de Las Malvinas, el protagonista de esta novela fantástica se encuentra como en un sueño en el cual es el enemigo y a la vez el combatiente en una guerra que se renueva cada día. Desde el Londres donde vive con su esposa, Mary y su odiado perro, el teniente coronel del ejército británico llega a las islas para supuestamente reemplazar al comandante Anderson. Sin embargo, pronto descubre que él es posiblemente Anderson o quizás el soldado argentino enviado a matarlo. Las islas aledañas piensan y se alejan o se acercan y las batallas destruyen en el día lo que al día siguiente será nuevamente destruido. El sinfín de posibilidades para explicar lo que está ocurriéndole al protagonista y a la isla aumentan la angustia, la impresión de encierro y pesadilla que se repiten con algunas alteraciones. El lector, desamparado, debe buscar por sí mismo la clave del misterio o quedar atrapado en este círculo vicioso junto con el protagonista y los demás soldados tanto británicos como argentinos. El horror y la imbecilidad de la guerra se vuelven patentes en este relato inquietante. [CEM] 1462 Fernández Díaz, Jorge. Te amaré locamente: aguafuertes sentimentales y otras historias de pasión. Buenos Aires: Planeta, 2016. 295 p.

Colección de 40 relatos y un epílogo, dividido en tres partes: Aguafuertes y relatos sentimentales; La vida real; Relatos de pasión. El autor mismo califica de inclasificables estas narraciones que se desbordan en otros géneros como el ensayo biográfico, la reseña periodística, la aventura, la memoria, el cine y la crónica. Los relatos tienen su semilla en recuerdos, en conversaciones escuchadas de lejos, en conversaciones y apuntes compilados a través de los años. Cada personaje revela en breves trazos la angustia o la perplejidad ante su propia existencia. Los hechos nimios, las palabras al azar, las vidas ordinarias se transforman en un espejo que Fernández Díaz ofrece al lector para identificar en él sus propios deseos y temores. Los relatos desfi lan eviscerando la llamada realidad, las apariencias de la existencia de sus personajes para desentrañar el crimen, el abuso, la auto incomprensión, el desengaño, la amistad, el odio y el amor. En la tercera parte, Retratos de pasión, el autor visita personalidades a partir de encuentros personales, de lecturas, y de su tarea como periodista. El interés de estas viñetas radica en el ángulo original desde el cual el autor nos presenta a Roberto Fontanarrosa, Cristina Kirchner, Joan Manuel Serrat, Guillermo Saccomanno, Ernesto Sábato, Pablo Neruda entre otros. [CEM]

1463 Fernández Moreno, Inés. Malos sentimientos. Buenos Aires: Alfaguara, 2015. 169 p. La colección de 11 cuentos y tres fábulas sorprende por la aparente banalidad de las situaciones en las cuales se mueven los personajes. No obstante, los actos de estos precipitan el desenlace y ahondan en el estudio somero de las relaciones interpersonales. Los diálogos entre familiares y extraños contienen en sus silencios la variada gama de emociones y sentimientos comunes a los seres humanos. A pesar de la brevedad de algunos cuentos, la autora revela pasiones, rechazos, desilusiones, amarguras y recuerdos vividos por sus personajes en un plano íntimo que seduce y nos mueve a reflexionar. Una computadora robada, el encuentro de dos amigas después de 30 años, el deseo de obtener un abrigo, una beca de estudios en París, el robo de una cartera, son circunstancias cotidianas que desfi lan en los relatos para descubrir en el instante mismo de la

374 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 lectura el dominio secreto de las pasiones humanas. [CEM]

1464 Figueras, Marcelo. El negro corazón del crimen. Buenos Aires: Alfaguara, 2017. 414 p. Esta novelización apasionante de la vida de Rodolfo J. Walsh examina en detalle el periodo que abarca la gestación de su libro cumbre, Operación Masacre publicado en 1957. Con esta obra se inicia el llamado “nuevo periodismo” que acierta en el equilibrio entre sus elementos de pesquisa periodística y las estrategias narrativas que le prestan una dimensión personal y atrayente. Figueras presenta al joven escritor de novelas policíacas en el preciso momento en que descubre la existencia de “un fusilado que vive” en un bar de la ciudad de La Plata donde vivía Walsh con su esposa y sus dos hijas. A partir de ese dato, la novela se abre en tres partes y un epílogo que van a seguir el recorrido detectivesco de “Erre” (Rodolfo Walsh) y su asistente, Enriqueta Muñiz, para darles justicia a los asesinados en el basural de José León Suárez la noche del 9 de junio de 1956. [CEM] 1465 Fogwill, Rodolfo Enrique. Nuestro modo de vida. Buenos Aires: Alfaguara, 2014. 222 p. Esta novela, escrita en 1980, fue recién recuperada en el 2011 y sus derechos fueron otorgados para la publicación de la misma en 2013. Los 32 capítulos están organizados a partir de acciones o verbos como saber, ver, hacer, jugar, planificar, etc. Al estilo de la literatura desapasionada y pseudo-objetiva, el narrador queda fuera de la narrativa y desde su posición privilegiada analiza y describe detalladamente la nimiedad de la vida de una pareja de clase media alta y aquellos que los rodean. A partir de la rutina conformista y sumamente cómoda de Rita y Fernando, el narrador se adentra en los pensamientos de Fernando. La aparente realidad en la cual se manejan los personajes es una burbuja que los protege y los aleja de los demás: el grupo de jóvenes que “toma” la casa y solo se lleva media torta de manzanas, los damnificados de las inundaciones, los clientes del supermercado vacío a medio mes por falta de dinero, el chófer atento a su labor, entre otros. La exploración de los límites entre “lo de afuera y lo de adentro”

según Fogwill, representan el móvil de la novela que trata de calibrar la totalidad de la vida humana. [CEM]

1466 García Luna, Raúl. Los perros: un policial que trae cola. Buenos Aires: Aurelia Rivera Libros, 2016. 131 p. (Narrativa) Novela que pertenece al género policial/negro, pero que se diferencia en el uso del humor y los episodios desopilantes que nos recuerdan las comedias televisivas. La novela de García Luna es una forma de “entretenimiento” lúdico con elementos cómicos, grotescos y de suspenso con un trio de personajes inesperados: una mujer policía, un veterinario y profesor jubilado que se dedica a jugar al detective, y su exalumno. El crimen, accidente o quizás suicidio de una anciana dueña de una famosa fábrica de alfajores y su diminuto perro caniche pone en funcionamiento las aventuras del trío de detectives. A este hecho sangriento sucederán otros cada vez más horripilantes haciendo la tarea de los personajes más desopilante y compleja. Los perros, como lo indica el título de la obra cumplen una función esencial, tanto en el misterio de la muerte como para la resolución del caso. [CEM] 1467 Gárriz, Roberto. La cárcel de Ushuaia. Ushuaia, Argentina: Ediciones UNTDF, 2017. 157 p. (Colección De eso no se habla) Novela que aborda el tema de las cárceles interiores que todos llevamos adentro. El protagonista y su esposa Zully deciden mudarse al sur del país para comenzar una nueva vida y poder reconstruir la relación que desde hace tiempo está desmoronándose. Desde las primeras páginas del texto se sabe que entre ellos hay golpes, insultos y agresiones. Mudarse a Ushuaia se presenta también como una posibilidad de trabajo para Zulema quien acepta trasladarse al sur para trabajar como docente. Mientras preparan el viaje, nace Clarisa. Al llegar a la ciudad austral, una serie de circunstancias llevan a que el sargento Elpidio Rivero viva en la pequeña casa con Clarisa y la pareja y que actúe como una suerte de moderador de la situación de violencia entre la pareja. Mudarse a Ushuaia no resuelve los confl ictos de pareja pero le permite al lector entrar a espacios conocidos del sur, como el Museo del Fin del Mundo, la famosa cárcel de Ushuaia

Literature: 21st Century: River Plate: Prose Fiction: Argentina / 375 que hoy es un museo y los largos días ventosos, húmedos y fríos que atraviesan paisajes espectaculares. [LRL]

1468 Ghio, Florencia Laura. El ciudadano. Buenos Aires: Ediciones Deldragón, 2016. 239 p. (Novela Deldragón) Esta primera novela narra la desgarradora historia de un joven peruano, Franklin Bustamante Pari, quien llega a Buenos Aires cargado de ilusiones durante el caótico periodo de la convertibilidad. Narrado en tercera persona, la novela se inicia con la culminación del deseo de este joven: el viaje en micro a la capital argentina. Luz Marina, su joven novia, lo seguirá más tarde. La vida de estos jóvenes peruanos se traza en breves párrafos donde el sufrimiento económico se presenta como uno de los impulsos para emigrar. Sin embargo, el incesto, los malos tratos, el abuso del alcohol, la violencia de género y la falta de afecto generan la necesidad de huir, de escapar del infierno familiar para encontrar una vida mejor. Luz Marina contempla el suicidio, pero su novio sigue fi rme en su convicción de que con su tesón y su deseo de mejorar su situación logrará convertirse en un poeta reconocido. En la ciudad conoce gente como él quienes lo ayudan a encontrar trabajo. No obstante su ética del trabajo, es explotado por algunos de los empleadores y por otros que se aprovechan de él. Termina en la cárcel y su mujer y su hijo guardarán vivo su recuerdo luego de su muerte. La novela desnuda la fragilidad de la vida de estos “ninguneados”, la crueldad de muchos y la bondad que se esconde detrás de los más débiles en una sociedad que los oprime y luego los descarta. [CEM] 1469 Guebel, Daniel. El absoluto. Buenos Aires: Literatura Random House, 2016. 558 p. Esta saga familiar constituye la novela más ambiciosa del escritor argentino quien le dedicó siete años a su escritura. La novela esta dividida en seis libros y cada uno de ellos narra las peripecias de un miembro genial de la familia Deliuskin. Cada libro contiene un narrador en tercera persona quien desmenuza la vida de Frantisek Deliuskin, Andrei Deliuskin, Esaú Deliuskin, Alexander Scriabin, Sebastián Delisukin y fi nalmente el Libro 6 es narrado por un YO, último sucesor de la larga cadena de

personajes. Las historias abarcan un marco temporal que va desde el siglo XVIII hasta fi nes del XX. La genialidad de los miembros de esta familia radica en la influencia de sus ideas e invenciones sobre el devenir de la historia mundial a partir de ideas radicales, estrambóticas y originales. La parodia y el humor carnavalesco se hallan aliados a temáticas cruciales en la literatura: la relación ambigua entre arte y vida, entre el pensamiento y la acción. [CEM]

1470 Haidukowski, Adrián. Instrucciones para robar supermercados. Buenos Aires: Tusquets Editores, 2017. 223 p. (Colección Andanzas) Franco, el narrador de la novela, de empleado repositor en un supermercado, cae en la delincuencia a alto nivel luego de verificarse por cámara que ha robado mercancía en muchas oportunidades. Franco desarrolla una estrategia infalible para robar que funciona en forma sorprendente y le permite codearse con personajes dudosos y corruptos que lo incitan a probar drogas, sexo, alcohol en forma excesiva y dañina. Las relaciones familiares con su madre y su hermana apuntan a la perversión y la vacuidad de su vida. Es un personaje rodeado de otros como él, sin principios, sin futuro cierto, sin razón de existir más que para el efímero placer fuera de las normas de la sociedad que él desdeña. A lo largo de esta feroz y descarnada narrativa, Franco llegará a los límites de depravación y probará el incesto, la violencia, la prostitución, las orgías de todo tipo, y la competencia peligrosa con la mafia china. [CEM] 1471 Harwicz, Ariana. Precoz. Buenos Aires: Mardulce, 2015. 75 p. (Ficción) Novela corta que narra una ambigua relación entre una madre y su hijo. Tanto en esta como en las novelas anteriores, La débil mental y Matate, amor, Harwicz escribe sobre relaciones fi liales difíciles de defi nir, aquellas que se alejan de relatos convencionales sobre madres e hijos. Esta novela se centra en lo erótico, en los deseos de una madre por su hijo. A través de un lenguaje oral y coloquial la voz narrativa en primera persona plantea sostenidamente el deseo hacia su hijo y el rechazo de éste: “Esto es amar, y él viene y me arranca la cabeza”. Los personajes viven en la pobreza y la indigen-

376 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 cia total. Duermen en los bosques y a veces en las calles en las cuales deambulan como indocumentados, sumergidos en una extranjeridad real y metafórica. La novela transita por las periferias de lo legal y lo ilegal. [LRL]

1472 Heker, Liliana. Cuentos reunidos. Buenos Aires: Alfaguara, 2016. 497 p. En los 45 cuentos reunidos en esta colección se traza la trayectoria literaria de Heker desde 1960 con “Los juegos” hasta el último, “Giro en el aire” escrito una semana antes de la publicación del volumen. La colección se inicia con un prólogo de Samanta Schweblin y una nota de la autora. Heker reúne los cuentos basado en una articulación temática o “roces tangenciales” como lo anuncia la escritora en su Nota. La voz femenina surge en los cuentos desde el principio de la escritura de Heker, quien le presta agencia y autonomía a sus personajes. La complejidad de perspectivas y experiencias de los personajes hacen eco de las preocupaciones y posturas ideológicas de la escritora. En algunas de estas protagonistas se halla escondida la voz de Heker, su mirada hacia cuestiones de género, las relaciones familiares, el contexto socialeconómico, los mecanismos de la memoria, la libertad tan difícil de conseguir tanto en la vida personal como en el arte, entre otros asuntos. [CEM] 1473 Isoldi, Beatriz. Sala de espera. Buenos Aires: Paradiso, 2016. 205 p. Mónica, la narradora protagonista de esta novela de corte sicológico, toma posesión de un departamento que poco antes había sido el consultorio del Dr. Soleimán. Las llamadas telefónicas, a veces agresivas, otras suplicantes al antiguo número del doctor, despiertan la curiosidad de Mónica por saber quién es esa mujer o mujeres que llaman a horas inesperadas, y cuál es la relación entre ellas y el Dr. Soleimán. La protagonista vive un momento de transición personal al separarse de su marido infiel y por primera vez vivir sola sin grandes comodidades ni responsabilidades apremiantes más allá de su trabajo en una editorial. La hija de ambos regresa de sus estudios en Canadá y no logra comprender la crisis que se ha instalado en su familia. Los vecinos del edificio comienzan a proveer pautas que solo exacerban la curiosidad de Mónica quien se convierte

en una suerte de detective en busca de respuestas. Resolverá poco a poco los enigmas hasta descubrir la verdad escondida tras las máscaras que todos llevan por la vida. Las temáticas sobre la violencia de género, el derecho al aborto, el consumismo, entre otros asoman en la narrativa de forma orgánica a medida que los personajes se entrecruzan en la vida de Mónica. [CEM]

1474 La Rosa, Santiago. Australia. Buenos Aires: Metalucida, 2016. 125 p. Una pareja de argentinos radicados en Sydney, Australia parecen estar esperando la llegada de un hijo. Sin embargo, el narrador, esposo de Gaby, se refiere a un posible aborto espontáneo ocurrido en el hospital. La joven Gaby es seguida por un equipo médico sumamente interesado en su caso. El narrador cada vez más alejado del drama de su hogar, pierde su trabajo pero lo oculta a su esposa y pasa horas con una prostituta de Quito llamada Marina. La rutina de todos los días adquiere un valor fantástico donde los médicos elaboran un tejido de mentiras aparentes en torno al embarazo de Gaby. La narrativa se aferra a la realidad de los inmigrantes sudamericanos en medio de la pesadilla que sufre el narrador. A un nivel simbólico, la novela y sus personajes recalcan la dificultad de la asimilación cultural, la pertenencia, el exilio como enfermedad, las oportunidades como pesadillas, y el ser atrapado dentro de esta historia como incapaz de descifrar la realidad dentro de la fantasía que se le ofrece en otra tierra que no es la suya. [CEM] 1475 Mallo, Ernesto. La conspiración de los mediocres. Buenos Aires: Grijalbo, 2015. 204 p. Novela negra que aborda el tema de la inestabilidad social y política unos meses antes al golpe militar de 1976. El subcomisario Venancio Ismael Lescano, alias “El Perro”, tiene a cargo la investigación del presunto suicidio de Rolf Böll, quien desde el inicio de la novela se sabe que es asesinado por haber formado parte del aparato represor nazi. Así la novela establece un paralelismo entre las bandas sangrientas de la Alemania nazi y la Triple A (Tripleta) en la Argentina de los años 70. El texto retrata el ambiente opresivo de la ciudad: cadáveres, asesinatos, persecuciones, torturas, corrupción y la pre-

Literature: 21st Century: River Plate: Prose Fiction: Argentina / 377 sencia omnipresente de los Falcons verdes que recorren las calles sembrando el terror entre la población. Mucha de la información sobre Böll se conoce a través de Marisa, amante de Lescano y traductora de los diarios del nazi asesinado. En medio de una relación pasional se representa el mundo violento e impune de los grupos parapoliciales del gobierno peronista. [LRL]

1476 Manso, Gilda. Luminosa. Buenos Aires: Milena Caserola, 2016. 108 p. Fausta, una mujer de negocios que emplea a muchos del pueblo, se ha ganado el amor y la simpatía de todos. Una mañana aparece frente a su puerta una bebé de 10 meses llamada Marisol. A partir de este hecho inesperado, Fausta vuelve hacia el pasado, hacia las elecciones que ha hecho en su vida, a las relaciones amorosas y a la vida familiar antes del accidente en que mueren sus padres dejándole por herencia la fábrica de jeans. La protagonista entre recelosa y entusiasta, reflexiona sobre los giros que da la vida, las oportunidades mal aprovechadas, las decisiones frustradas, y poco a poco recupera lo que creía perdido para siempre. [CEM] 1477 Martínez Siccardi, Fabián. Perdidas en la noche. Buenos Aires: Tusquets Editores, 2017. 205 p. (Colección Andanzas) Martínez Siccardi se adentra en el mundo de las relaciones familiares a partir de un encuentro casual durante un congreso en el que el protagonista, Luciano Capra, trabaja como intérprete. A través de cortes temporales, se nos informa que dos décadas atrás Luciano vive un breve amorío con una joven norteamericana, Katherine, quien dará a luz poco después a una hija llamada Annabelle. Madre e hija viven en Blackstone, un pequeño pueblo de Virginia, pero Katherine y su hermana son brutalmente asesinadas en su casa. Luciano viaja al pueblo y vive con su hija durante dos décadas hasta que vuelve a Buenos Aires y a su oficio de intérprete. Es allí que conoce a Rose Halvorsen una americana de San Francisco que ha perdido la huella de su hija Willow en Buenos Aires. Juntos y hermanados por el amor que les inspira las dos jóvenes, empiezan un itinerario detectivesco en busca de Willow quien es una artista de talento y que según algunos conocidos ha entrado al mundo de

los grafiteros. Además de una trama salpicada de vaivenes temporales, la novela indaga en las relaciones entre padres e hijos, la identidad dual y la permeabilidad del lenguaje que revela y esconde al mismo tiempo según la perspectiva del hablante. [CEM]

1478 Martoccia, María. Años de gracia. Buenos Aires: Tusquets Editores, 2016. 206 p. (Colección Andanzas) La novela se inicia con la presencia de Amelia Sáenz Valiente quien desde su silla de ruedas reconstruye el mundo anterior al accidente que la dejó inválida. Pronto se descubre que Amelia conducía su automóvil el día que embistió una vaca y esta se incrustó en el parabrisas, matando a su amiga Lorraine y dejándola a Amelia discapacitada. En el pueblo serrano, donde la novela tiene lugar, se rumorea que Amelia quiso matar a su amiga por celos pero en ningún momento se revela la verdad. Atraviesa la trama y los personajes una estela de ambigüedad en cuanto a la veracidad de los acontecimientos. Hay infidelidades, engaños, chismes supuestos, los que nunca quedan totalmente develados en la novela. El marco escénico está constituido por las sierras cordobesas las que sirven como punto de referencia para los personajes de esta novela. Hay descripciones precisas tanto del paisaje como de los personajes. En la novela coexisten dos sociedades: “a gente bien” como es el caso de la señora Amelia que posee propiedades y estatus social en el pueblo y la servidumbre, representada por Felisa Morales, ama de llaves, cocinera y testigo o cómplice de los misterios que encierra la casa de la señora Amelia y el pueblo serrano. En la novela se destacan los trabajados diálogos entre los personajes y las alusiones a refranes y sentencias populares. [LRL] 1479 Masetto, Antonio dal. Imitación de la fábula. Buenos Aires: Sudamericana, 2014. 139 p. Vito viaja 20 horas para llegar al sur y sumergirse en un bosque “aliado e incógnita”. Allí se le aparece una niña de 12 años que lo persigue y con quien inicia un recorrido hacia las montañas. En una suerte de viaje real e imaginario, Vito y la niña deben superar varias trampas y obstáculos a lo largo de la novela. En todos los casos, los obstáculos se superan convirtiendo la novela

378 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 en un relato de aprendizaje y búsqueda personal. De hecho, una de las frases que se repiten una y otra vez es “Superamos un obstáculo” mostrando que son más importante los logros en el proceso de la búsqueda que llegar a destino. El esquema de la fábula le permite a Vito y a la niña compenetrarse en universos mágicos, por momentos oníricos que invitan a los protagonistas a reflexionar sobre la ferocidad y crueldad de la realidad. [LRL]

1480 Mey, Luis. Las garras del niño inútil. Segunda edición. Buenos Aires: Factotum Ediciones, 2016. 220 p. La novela forma parte de una trilogía sobre el maltrato infantil ubicado en las décadas del 80 y 90. Si bien los hechos descritos tienen fundamento autobiográfico, Mey logra darle a la narrativa de este niño mal querido una dosis de humor y de ternura que permiten continuar la lectura sin tener que ocultar la mirada. La historia de Maxi transcurre en una casa a medio construir con cinco hermanos y un padre y una madre alcohólicos y abusivos. El patriarca es un hombre complejo e inútil que vive de sueños que no se cumplen y despilfarra el poco dinero que tiene en vino barato. El lenguaje crudo y desprovisto de cariño, los ataques verbales, las palizas que dejan moretones y sangre derramada en los hijos y en la madre forman el mundo escondido apenas a la mirada de vecinos y colegiales. La vergüenza y el temor, la furia y la desilusión son las emociones que se dan turno en las vidas de Maxi y sus hermanos. Aunque podrá escapar en parte de este infierno, Maxi lleva las llagas de su sufrimiento de la niñez a su vida de adulto. [CEM] 1481 Miguens, Silvia. Lupe, después del viaje. Buenos Aires: Tusquets Editores, 2016. 338 p. (Colección Andanzas) Miguens continua su tradición novelística basada en la historia de mujeres quienes vivieron momentos excepcionales y participaron en forma activa en el devenir de sus países. En esta ficcionalización de la historia argentina de principios del siglo XIX, Miguens se enfoca en el personaje de María Guadalupe Cuenca, esposa de Mariano Moreno. Aunque narrada en tercera persona, la historia de Lupe nos llega desde una focalización en el personaje protagó-

nico. La acción de la novela comienza unos seis meses luego de la muerte (o supuesto asesinato) de Mariano Moreno en el buque que lo llevaba en una misión diplomática a Inglaterra. El mundo de Lupe en su confi namiento voluntario actúa como una burbuja familiar que la protege de las hostilidades de la lucha política. Lupe, la Negra Grande y su hijo Marianito conviven en una casona llena de silencios y recuerdos. Su aislamiento se ve interrumpido por personajes históricos allegados a su esposo quienes incitan en ella la reflexión y la sospecha. La dictadura de Rosas y el exilio la llevan a Lupe y a su familia lejos del país, pero siempre en comunicación con los que luchan en contra de Rosas. Lupe y sus compañeras en el exilio cobran relevancia dentro de la historia continental: Juana Manso, Mariquita Sánchez y Anita Garibaldi ocupan un lugar dentro de la lucha republicana a través de la memoria de una mujer fuerte. [CEM]

1482 Mosquera, Nélida Beatriz. Nadie tiene por qué saberlo. Buenos Aires: Ediciones Deldragón, 2014. 248 p. (Novela Deldragón) En el pequeño pueblo de Los Cardales, alejado de las grandes ciudades, los personajes de esta historia viven ensimismados, metidos en la vida ajena como si fuera la propia. La tía Dalmacia, el cura Ortega, Elisa y Thelma son los personajes que dan voz y sentido a la novela. A partir del triángulo amoroso, los rumores, la incomprensión y la violencia se harán cada vez más fuertes. Con la muerte de la tía de Elisa, esta se siente desamparada perdida en un mundo que la juzga con un marido que la detesta y que se ha enamorado de Thelma, la mujer que Elisa ama. Ubicada en los años 70, la novela no huye de los acontecimientos políticos sino que elabora una compleja trama de prejuicios, incomprensiones, ideologías, atavismos religiosos que actúan como contexto de la historia argentina vivida desde ese pueblo chico. [CEM] 1483 Mundani, Débora. El río. Buenos Aires: Corregidor, 2016. 126 p. (Narrativas al sur del Río Bravo; 1) Libro que obtuvo una mención en el Premio Literario Casa de las Américas en la categoría Novela 2015 (Cuba). El epígrafe “El río es memoria” de Haroldo Conti resume

Literature: 21st Century: River Plate: Prose Fiction: Argentina / 379 acertadamente los dos temas principales del relato. El río Paraná es testigo de las duras experiencias de vida y muerte de los lugareños: la pobreza, la explotación y las historias silenciadas, entre otras. En el inicio de la novela, Horacio, prepara su lancha para transportar el cuerpo muerto de su madre a Trinidad, una localidad ubicada río arriba. La novela se estructura en base a ese viaje en el que Horacio debe hacer frente a una naturaleza hostil e inquietante. En el fi nal el narrador llega a destino, previo encuentro con el viejo Juan quien le revela a Horacio parte de su propio pasado y su historia personal. [LRL]

1484 Negri, Héctor. Historias en Banfield. Buenos Aires: Vinciguerra, 2018. 107 p. (Nuevo cauce) Esta colección de ocho relatos narrados en primera persona trata sobre las experiencias de vida del autor en Banfield, pueblo ubicado en la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Se incluyen personajes inolvidables para el autor, como el viejo Pancrazio, recordado por su sencillez y sus memorias de Castellazzo, un pequeño pueblo en Italia. A través de relatos emocionales y nostálgicos, los lectores se trasladan al Banfield de la niñez del autor. Se recuerda con especial atención el día que el narrador visita el circo que llega al pueblo. En la narración abunda la atención a los detalles descriptivos así como la alusión a los sentidos. En otros cuentos, tales como “Miss Alice” se recrean mundos reales e ilusorios especialmente aquellos que coexistieron en las primeras experiencias del autor con la escritura. El amor es el tema principal de estos relatos o como lo indica el último cuento “La noche pidiendo amor”, es el rescate de las experiencias emocionales del lugar de origen que se arraigan y permanecen en la conciencia del escritor. [LRL] 1485 Olguín, Sergio. 1982. Buenos Aires: Alfaguara, 2017. 251 p. (Narrativa hispánica) El joven Pedro pertenece a una familia de militares de carrera, pero su sensibilidad artística y su odio por la violencia lo llevan a despreciar la profesión del padre y del abuelo. Estudiante de letras francesas en la universidad, Pedro es un jovencito tímido e inseguro quien comienza a descubrir el mundo a través de la literatura impartida

en los cursos y de las nuevas amistades. Su padre, casado en segundas nupcias con una joven tucumana, Fátima, es enviado al frente de la batalla cunado irrumpe la guerra de Las Malvinas. La vida familiar se distiende con la ausencia del padre y los lazos de cariño con Fátima se solidifican hasta convertirse en algo más profundo y peligroso. La relación apasionada entre estos dos personajes desencadena la destrucción del mito familiar construido a la fuerza por un padre déspota a quien solo le importa su pequeña hija. Más allá de la tragedia familiar, la novela tiene de trasfondo la futilidad de la guerra y la fragilidad de la democracia. El Pater Familias impone su autoridad por la fuerza y rechaza decepcionado la individualidad de su hijo en una dinámica que refleja la historia nacional. El amor prohibido entre madrastra e hijastro desencadenará la tragedia previsible dentro del contexto de la familia/nación hacia fi nales de la dictadura militar. [CEM]

1486 Origlia, Ismael. Jaula y llanura. Córdoba, Argentina: Caballo Negro Editora, 2017. 76 p. (Colección Narrativa) En breves páginas, Origlia recrea un mundo que existe mucho más allá de la ciudad, escondido del otro lado de las vías, ignorado y temido. Este mundo, siempre precario y al borde de la violencia enmarca las vidas de una familia cuyas lacras se van presentando mediante la voz narrativa en primera persona del hijo menor. El narrador utiliza eficazmente el lenguaje desnudo, brutal y violento de los personajes. La miseria y la extrema pobreza encuentran su reflejo en el ambiente en el cual trata de sobrevivir la familia. El padre en silla de ruedas y con expresión muda es una presencia apenas perceptible que todos evitan pues se nos revela que ha violado a su propia hija y ha sido infiel hasta el momento en que quedó paralizado. La hija, enamoradiza y sin educación termina embarazada y aborta en su casa con la ayuda de su madre. La ocasión de un picnic al lado de un río ofrece la oportunidad de conocer a los personajes en su medioambiente desde la perspectiva del narrador. La falta de ternura, de comprensión y la constante y desesperada búsqueda por la sobrevivencia hacen de esta historia familiar una tragedia feroz y sangrienta. [CEM]

380 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76

1487 Parisi, Alejandro. Su rostro en el tiempo. Buenos Aires: Sudamericana, 2016. 169 p. En Castellamare del Golfo, Sicilia en 1923, la madre de una familia de campesinos trabajadores y honestos da a luz una niña muerta. Sin embargo, milagrosamente Pina revive y se convierte en la muchacha más hermosa de la región. La dureza del trabajo y la hostilidad del clima obligan al padre, Marianno, a llevar a sus hijos varones a la montaña, lejos del mar para poder cultivar unas pocas hortalizas para alimentar a la familia. Pronto entre Giuseppina y Vito, el mayor de sus hermanos crece un sentimiento poderoso que solo será conocido por la abuela que los acecha constantemente para evitar el pecado y la vergüenza delante del pueblo. En los años antes de la segunda guerra, el fascismo se expande por la península hasta llegar al pueblo. Marianno y su familia odian al Duce y a sus acólitos. No obstante, Giovanni se ha convertido en un seguidor ciego de los fascistas ante el horror de su padre. Una vez declarada la guerra, la pequeña isla se convierte en un teatro de atrocidades y Vito escapa para unirse a los partisanos que luchan en contra de los alemanes. Finalizada la guerra, Vito y los últimos partisanos se entregan. Vito y Pina planean el viaje hacia Argentina donde podrán vivir como pareja, pero Vito es asesinado por el odiado y temido Don del pueblo. La historia de esa época turbulenta es narrada desde la mira de los campesinos orgullosos de su trabajo pero que se verán forzados a emigrar hacia un futuro mejor. [CEM] 1488 Piñeiro, Claudia. Una suerte pequeña. Buenos Aires: Alfaguara, 2015. 233 p. Novela intimista y personal cuyo tema principal es el dolor de una madre que después de residir 20 años en Estados Unidos vuelve a la Argentina con un nombre y una apariencia diferente. Mary Lohan es la voz narrativa que a lo largo del relato va desenmascarando quién se esconde detrás de su persona y cuáles fueron los motivos por su repentina partida. A través de la expectación que produce el desarrollo de la trama literaria, el lector descubre la tragedia de la pérdida; la culpa de sentirse responsable de la muerte del amigo de su hijo y la depresión que la hundió hasta casi no encontrar la salida. Es gracias a varias “suertes peque-

ñas”, que la narradora puede mitigar el dolor agudo. Claudia Piñeiro escribe una novela que reflexiona sobre cómo sobrevivir después de una catástrofe. [LRL]

1489 Quirós, Mariano. La luz mala dentro de mí. Buenos Aires: Factotum, 2016. 140 p. La colección de cuentos recoge nueve narrativas cortas ubicadas en la provincia del Chaco. Algunos cuentos tienen como ambientación los pequeños pueblos y las zonas rurales del Chaco, otros se desarrollan en ciudades como Resistencia. Los narradores son en general niños o jóvenes que viven su infancia, adolescencia y adultez al margen de la vida familiar, ocultos o desinteresados por las acciones de los padres y familiares. Las tradiciones, las leyendas familiares, los rituales adquieren una apariencia entre extraña y ajena a los jóvenes narradores. “Toda la luz mala”, “Cazador de Tapires” registran el terror de la infancia y la revelación brutal de la imperfección y los defectos de la familia. Desde una perspectiva más o menos inocente, los narradores exponen las debilidades e injusticias del mundo de los adultos. Unos y otros parecen perdidos, inconexos con su propio destino pero a la misma vez unidos por algo parecido al amor aunque más complejo. “Un arma en la casa”, “Saber pegar” desmenuzan las relaciones familiares a partir de sucesos inesperados y al mismo tiempo anodinos. Haciendo uso del realismo sicológico con algunos destellos de la tradición de la literatura fantástica, Quirós ha creado personajes atrayentes y complejos quienes nos acercan a la experiencia cotidiana familiar. [CEM] 1490 Saccomanno, Guillermo. Cuando temblamos. Buenos Aires: Planeta, 2016. 223 p. Las historias de esta colección de cuentos tienen como marco geográfico la Patagonia, zona inhóspita pero de gran belleza que acosa y estremece a los personajes que se aventuran a entrar en relación con esa naturaleza impredecible. El viento, la nieve, el frío y la soledad forman parte de un elenco perturbador que hace eco de las tribulaciones de los personajes. Madres, abuelas, padres, prisioneros y ministros de la iglesia, seres heridos por su pasado luchan en vano por dominar ese terror que es ya parte de su

Literature: 21st Century: River Plate: Prose Fiction: Argentina / 381 ser, borrarlo o por lo menos neutralizarlo. No obstante, la naturaleza del sur se ensaña con ellos y no les deja escapatoria. El ambiente se cierra sobre ellos, los empuja como la nieve y el viento a aceptar su destino y asumir la culpa que los roe. [CEM]

1491 Santis, Pablo de. La hija del criptógrafo. Buenos Aires: Planeta, 2017. 390 p. (Novela) Miguel Dorey, alumno sagaz del profesor Colina Ross, narra la historia que comienza y termina con la muerte del famoso criptógrafo, estudioso de lenguas antiguas y de códigos utilizados por los espías. En la facultad se reúnen un grupo de jóvenes discípulos de Colina Ross y comienzan a publicar una revista dedicada al tema. La hija del profesor, Eleonora, quien esconde el parentesco al utilizar el apellido de su madre, pronto se convierte en pareja de Miguel. Corren los primeros años de la década de los 70 y bajo la influencia del enemigo de Colina Ross, Víctor Crámer, el círculo de criptógrafos se convierte en una organización guerrillera. Las habilidades de estos jóvenes no pasan desapercibidas por el gobierno militar quien los rapta y los mantiene en un sótano para descifrar los mensajes clandestinos de los “subversivos”. Una vez liberados, los jóvenes deben enfrentar la responsabilidad de su colaboración o delación de los compañeros para seguir adelante o huir hacia el exilio. Miguel Dorey lleva consigo la carga de su complicidad en la muerte del profesor Colina Ross. La novela registra en toda su complejidad y ambivalencia el mundo académico y su intersección con la política sanguinaria de la Guerra Sucia. [CEM] 1492 Schweblin, Samanta. Distancia de rescate. Buenos Aires: Literatura Random House, 2015. 124 p. A través de un relato que mantiene una tensión latente y sostenida, esta novela hace referencia al uso indiscriminado de los agroquímicos en los campos argentinos. Estructurada en base al diálogo entre Amanda (madre) y David (niño), la narración crea una sensación inminente de peligro. Se presentan más interrogantes que respuestas: nadie sabe cuándo enfermó el caballo o cuándo apareció el pájaro deforme. El título de la novela alude a la distancia variable que

separa a la madre de su hija en caso de que deba salvarla si algo le pasara a la niña. Esa distancia es como un hilo transparente que debe tensarse pero no cortarse. Así se une el hilo del peligro con el hilo de la narración que se tensa hasta desorientarnos e inquietarnos. [LRL]

1493 Scott, Edgardo. Luto. Buenos Aires: Emecé, 2017. 204 p. (Cruz del Sur) En una zona limítrofe, en un barrio venido a menos en el suburbio bonaerense, un hombre que ha tenido sueños y que ha luchado por sobrevivir y mejorar su condición, es asaltado en su negocio de electrodomésticos y muebles. Munido de un revólver, Chiche mata a uno de los asaltantes, pero su mujer muere en el tiroteo mientras uno de los ladrones se escapa con los muchachos del camión que utilizaron para poner la mercadería. A partir de esta pérdida violenta, Chiche no logra restablecerse, volver a la normalidad a pesar de vivir con su hija de 13 años y de iniciar una relación clandestina con una vecina. La inseguridad del barrio, los asaltos a mano armada que ocurren casi a diario, la indiferencia general, contribuyen al desenlace brutal fruto del sentimiento de impotencia y de venganza que lo ciega y lo empuja hacia la muerte y el asesinato a mansalva. La soledad y la falta de solidaridad son los ejes de esta vida que mucho se asemeja a la realidad de tantos seres olvidados con los que nos codeamos a diario. [CEM] 1494 Sherriff, María E. El cautivo de la niebla. Edición al cuidado de Paula Viale. Buenos Aires: Ediciones B, 2016. 234 p.: ill., maps. Basada en la historia de un pariente lejano de su familia escocesa, Sheriff reconstruye no solo la odisea de su pariente raptado desde muy pequeño, sino trata de ahondar en el confl icto de la identidad doble. Tanto Borges como Hudson tuvieron noticia de la historia de Daniel Gilmour/Nicolás González y la tornaron ficción. Sheriff, munida de documentación proveniente de archivos, tesis de maestría y obras sobre la inmigración de Gran Bretaña a la Argentina, recupera este personaje caro a su familia, pero también representante de las oleadas extranjeras al país que se forjaron un futuro a partir de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. El

382 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 choque de culturas, de lenguas, de religiones toma lugar en el espacio mítico de las pampas argentinas. El protagonista será partícipe y víctima de la campaña al desierto, las redadas de gauchos para luchar contra los indígenas, la Guerra de la Triple Alianza, y el gobierno de Sarmiento. [CEM]

1495 Shua, Ana María. Hija. Buenos Aires: Emecé, 2016. 250 p. Novela que narra la historia de Esmé y Guido, una joven pareja que decide mudarse a París después de la desaparición forzada de la hermana de Esmé. Son los años 70 en Argentina y se vive un clima de terror del que deciden escapar. La vida en Europa no es fácil y después de un tiempo deciden regresar a la Argentina. La llegada de Natalia, la anhelada hija de la pareja, es una bendición en un principio. A medida que avanza la novela se van desentrañando los temores de los padres de que a pesar que fue amada y bien criada, Natalia resulta ser cruel y engañadora. Los dos últimos capítulos revelan el mundo aterrador en el que se esconde Natalia y los temores de los padres que no entienden el comportamiento de su hija. La novela incluye un diario, el cual se intercala entre los capítulos de la narración, y que relata la construcción misma de la novela. Una nota de la autora advierte que no es necesario leer el diario, razón por la cual el lector se siente intrigado y no puede ignorarlo. De este modo, se intercalan dos mundos: la narración misma de la novela y el diario de construcción de la historia. [LRL] 1496 Sietecase, Reynaldo. No pidas nada. Tercera edición. Buenos Aires: Alfaguara, 2017. 253 p. (Narrativa hispánica) Un periodista, el Tano Gentili, investiga una serie de suicidios de militares que participaron en la represión ilegal durante la última dictadura. Gentili decide viajar a Pitú, en Brasil donde junto a María, una exitosa periodista de O Globo, se infi ltran en una peligrosa favela. Así son testigos y partícipes de la violencia del narcotráfico, las sesiones espiritistas y los escuadrones de la muerte. Novela de corte policial que entrelaza temas como el dolor personal del protagonista por el suicidio de su propia madre, así como los crímenes de lesa humanidad y la perpetuación de la impunidad. [LRL]

1497 Solans, Claudia. La visitante. Buenos Aires: Adriana Hidalgo Editora, 2017. 199 p. (La lengua/novela) Esta es la primera novela de la autora. Compuesta de dos partes, el relato cuenta las experiencias vividas por Fátima Morán, un ingeniera agrónoma que decide trasladarse de Buenos Aires a Tucumán para terminar su tesis doctoral. Allí, Fátima entabla relaciones personales con los lugareños, especialmente con el ingeniero indio Serafín Borquez con quien mantiene un amorío y posteriormente con Manuel Corvalán con quien la narradora se une en una relación romántica más estable. Junto a él y su hija Carola de 13 años, Fátima aprende y se compenetra con las historias del lugar. El valle de Tafi ngasta es tierra de enigmas e intrigas a lo largo de la novela. De hecho, el valle se convierte en un personaje transcendental para la protagonista por las huellas espirituales y existenciales que dejan en ella. De ese modo, La visitante, es una novela que trata más sobre el desciframiento de la propia identidad que sobre el proyecto académico con que se inicia la novela. [LRL] 1498 Soriano, Manuel. ¿Qué se sabe de Patricia Lukastic? Buenos Aires: Alfaguara, 2015. 332 p. (Clarín) Ganadora del premio Clarín de Novela 2015, ¿Qué se sabe de Patricia Lukastic? recrea la vida de una emergente tenista argentina, la cual desaparece repentinamente de la escena del tenis argentino e internacional a los 21 años. El narrador desarrolla la estrecha relación entre la joven Luka y su padre, Elián, narrando el exigente mundo de entrenamientos, sacrificios y viajes. Elián se dedica obsesivamente a Luka para que ésta llegue a ser el número uno del mundo pero Luka, pese a su instinto ganador, vive en un mundo de soledad, presión y manipulación. Detrás del mundo de la fama, yace el aislamiento y las exigencias de un padre que debe enfrentar su propia enfermedad y la debilitante lesión vertebral de Luka. La novela ahonda tanto en el mundo del tenis como en la complejidad de los personajes que la habitan. [LRL] 1499 Terranova, Juan. La piel. Buenos Aires: Galerna, 2015. 181 p. (Narrativa contemporánea)

Literature: 21st Century: River Plate: Prose Fiction: Paraguay / 383 Novela narrada en primera persona en forma de diario. La primera entrada narra el momento en el que el jefe llama al narrador y lo despide del trabajo. Así se inicia el relato de un individuo que nada parece importarle en la vida. Sus reflexiones fluctúan entre las experiencias sexuales y el cinismo con el que vive diariamente. A partir del momento que comienza un nuevo trabajo en la Sociedad de Cirugía Estética de Buenos Aires, el concepto de la piel, que alude al título, va teniendo una amplia gama de significados. Se describen espacios incómodos en cuanto al instinto sexual devorador del personaje y su obsesión por el dinero en una sociedad cada vez más empobrecida y más sola. El autor ha indicado que en esta novela sobresalen dos temas: la soledad y el libertinaje; ambos parecen coexistir en la novela en la construcción de un pequeño monstruo del siglo XXI. [LRL]

1500 Travacio, Mariana. Como si existiese el perdón. Buenos Aires: Metalúcida, 2016. 138 p. (Ficción) En esta su primera novela, Travacio condensa en un lenguaje depurado, desprovisto de virtuosismos fáciles, la fragilidad de la vida humana, el sin sentido de la violencia, la sed de venganza que arrasa contra todo y contra todos. Las secuencias narrativas se hilan a partir de un crimen o más bien una “desgracia” que inexorablemente lleva a la muerte. Los personajes adquieren una sólida presencia a través del lenguaje casi oral de la narración. A pesar de no estar localizado, el contexto geográfico cultural tiene ecos de la literatura gauchesca y de la cuentística de Juan Rulfo. El campo abierto, la tierra árida, el fi rmamento sin fi n, el temporal, los animales y las costumbres campesinas les dan forma a los personajes que siguen como a ciegas el destino fatídico que es su razón de ser. [CEM] 1501 Urquiza, Ariel. No hay risas en el cielo. Buenos Aires: Corregidor, 2016. 153 p. (Narrativas al sur del Río Bravo; 2) Esta colección de 14 cuentos ganó el premio Casa de las Américas 2016. El volumen fue elegido por el jurado unánimemente, especialmente por la calidad y complejidad narrativa, el uso de la jerga tanto de México como de Buenos Aires así como

por su capacidad para hacer dialogar a los personajes de los cuentos que aparecen una y otra vez en diferentes relatos. En su mayoría, son hombres narcotraficantes, sicarios y verdugos, víctimas de asesinatos, chantajes y humillaciones. Hay una falta de respeto a la vida; aparecen hijos desamorados e irrespetuosos y algunos de los personajes como Jonathan, el joven uruguayo o el Señor son despiadados y crueles hacia otros hombres y mujeres, como se ve en el cuento “Lo que duran las horas”, donde el El Rofo es brutalmente torturado, y la gringa del cuento “El secuestro” es maltratada, violentada y fi nalmente asesinada. [LRL]

1502 Vanasco, Alberto. Sin embargo Juan vivía. Buenos Aires: Grupo Editorial Sur, 2015. 157 p.: color ill. (Biblioteca Alberto Vanasco. Novela; 2) Esta es la tercera edición de la novela publicada por primera vez en 1957 bajo el sello HIGO Club y en 1967 por Sudamericana. Estructurada en base a la novela de corte policíaco, se inicia con el asesinato de una mujer, Genoveva y poco a poco la trama va revelando posibles culpables de su muerte. Catalogada por la crítica como novela experimental, el narrador escribe en el futuro simple y se dirige a un “tú” dentro de la narrativa, hermano de la mujer asesinada. Noé Jitrik, quien escribió el prefacio a la novela en 1957 y en 1967, la ha llamado “novela conjetural” por esa cualidad que le otorga el uso del tiempo verbal. Se transluce una sensación de posibilidad y vaticinio a la misma vez; el tiempo se vuelve fluido y la novela toda se transforma en un ejemplo logrado de la experimentación que pone de cabeza las bases de la literatura realista. [CEM] Paraguay

1503 Almada Roche, Armando. En algún lugar del tiempo. Buenos Aires: Prosa Amerian Editores, 2015. 285 p. Cuarta novela de este escritor que por su experiencia de vida y su obra literaria se sitúa en la intersección de un universo argentino-paraguayo. La novela aborda, con estilo realista que incorpora textos epistolares, instancias clave en la historia política del Paraguay del siglo XX tales como la Revolución Febrerista de 1936 (narrada desde

384 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 la perspectiva intimista de una familia y de un niño que es testigo de la llegada y del peligro que representan las fuerzas golpistas al mando del Coronel Franco) y la Guerra Civil de 1947, que culminó con un tercio de la población paraguaya en el exilio y con una sociedad paraguaya escindida hasta 1989 con el retorno de la democracia. [GU]

1504 Antología de narrativa paraguaya. Compilación y selección de Bernardo Neri Farina, Susy Delgado y Javier Viveros. Santo Domingo: Editora Nacional, 2017. 394 p. (Paraguái ñe’e¯; 2) Textos que forman parte de la “Colección Homenaje” publicada por la editorial dominicana con el propósito de difundir la producción narrativa paraguaya. Contextualizada en un marco que suele defi nirla como desconocida para el continente y hasta cierto punto para sí misma, la narrativa paraguaya, que suele evocar siempre el nombre de su máximo exponente: Augusto Roa Bastos, revela en esta antología la trayectoria de consolidación de dicho corpus, comenzando por Gabriel Casaccia, “figura fundacional de la novelística paraguaya moderna” (Roa Bastos), pasando por la producción de los años 80 incentivada por la aparición de la editorial Narrativa Paraguaya, que incluyó autores como Tadeo Zarratea (responsable de la primera novela en guaraní) y culminando con la consolidación de una narrativa de autoría femenina amplia. Véase tambien 1546. [GU] 1505 Muñoz, Gloria. Polca colorado: novela. Asunción: Arandurã Editorial, 2017. 210 p. Segunda novela del díptico que conforma con la novela Polca 18, publicada por la misma editorial en 1999. El eje de la novela, tal como ocurría en el caso de su predecesora, lo constituye la política del Paraguay, defi nida por la mayor parte de su existencia republicana por el autoritarismo del régimen de Stroessner y posteriormente por la hegemonía del Partido Colorado, al que alude el título. En este caso, se trata de la polca (himno popular que representa a los diferentes partidos) del partido que perdió por primera vez las elecciones en el 2008. Los protagonistas, que permanecen desde la primera novela, ficcionalizan, con estilo realista que acerca el texto a la novela his-

tórica, los episodios más relevantes de esa instancia dramática del acontecer político del país. [GU]

Uruguay

1506 Ávila, Diego de. Ecuador. Montevideo: Estuario Editora, 2017. 102 p.: ill. (Narrativa) Texto narrativo (dividido en cinco secciones) que deviene texto lírico trazando una trayectoria que remite al género del diario de viaje. La crónica del recorrido apunta a un paisaje referencial que retorna, obsesivamente, al interior del narrador y se defi ne por un tono introspectivo. La narración juega con los modos de incorporar la temporalidad como elemento organizador de los sucesos. De la ausencia de una cronología explícita en la primera parte, pautada tan solo por lo onírico, se pasa gradualmente a los días y a los meses hasta culminar en voz poética, condensadora de la expresión emocional en un sin tiempo. [GU] 1507 Burel, Hugo. Noches de bonanza. Montevideo: Alfaguara, 2018. 315 p. (Narrativa hispánica) En esta novela, Burel (autor de más de 20 textos narrativos y premiado a nivel nacional e internacional) presenta la culminación de la primera trilogía de novela negra localizada en Montevideo, iniciada con Montevideo noir (2015) (véase HLAS 74:2121) y continuada con Sorocabana blues (2017) (véase item 1508). Esta vez, el protagonista Gabriel Keller aparece enfrentado a nuevas instancias de venganza y traición pero fundamentalmente, se lo sitúa en el espacio de reflexión sobre su transformación radical (moral) a partir de su relación con Beatriz, personaje detonante de la metamorfosis de Keller en la novela previa. En ese sentido, clausurar la relación que derivó en la emergencia de la conducta criminal de Keller, es parte central de esta novela. Una clausura sin la cual la restauración del sentido de justicia hubiera resultado imposible. [GU] 1508 Burel, Hugo. Sorocabana blues. Montevideo: Alfaguara, 2017. 301 p. (Narrativa hispánica) Segunda novela de la trilogía iniciada con Montevideo noir (see HLAS 74:2121).

Literature: 21st Century: River Plate: Prose Fiction: Uruguay / 385 Burel, cuya obra ha sido reconocida con premios múltiples, nacional e internacionalmente y llevada al cine, desarrolla en este texto una trama que gira en torno a una pregunta/asunto eminentemente fi losófico: la naturaleza y el origen de la opción por el mal. Gabriel Keller, protagonista de la trilogía, se erige como un sujeto defi nido, simultáneamente, por la posibilidad de la victimización, la enfermedad y/o la inmoralidad. El anonimato de una anodina existencia previa convertida en una secuencia vertiginosa de actos criminales nos confronta a la noción perturbadora de que dadas ciertas circunstancias, siempre es posible dar nacimiento a un monstruo. Véase tambien Noches de bonanza 1507. [GU]

1509 Butazzoni, Fernando. Una historia americana. Montevideo: Alfaguara, 2017. 495 p. (Narrativa hispánica) En esta, que es la décima segunda novela del autor (reconocido a nivel internacional por su producción novelística, de guiones cinematográficos, obra teatral y ensayos críticos) se conjugan la historia del convulsionado periodo de los 70 en el Uruguay con la mirada que ficcionaliza dicha historia. Siguiendo el estilo narrativo presente en Las cenizas del cóndor (2014) (veáse HLAS 72:2250) Butazzoni indaga en los sucesos que desembocaron en el 10 de agosto de 1970, cuando Dan Mitrione, jefe de la misión uruguaya del programa norteamericano Oficina de Seguridad Pública y ligado al entrenamiento de la policía uruguaya en nuevas modalidades de tortura, fuera ejecutado por el Movimiento de Liberación Nacional-Tupamaros en Montevideo. La novela reconstruye este episodio incluyendo las fracasadas negociaciones emprendidas por el MLN con el gobierno que habían procurado el intercambio de Mitrione por 150 detenidos en las cárceles uruguayas. [GU] 1510 Castro Vega, Jorge. El padrino de Batlle. Montevideo: Estuario Editora, 2017. 189 p. (Narrativa) Primera novela de quien es conocido por su obra poética, experiencia que se visibiliza en este texto en el trabajo del lenguaje. Narración en tres partes que rescata del olvido histórico a la figura política de Francisco Ghigliani, senador que fuera asesinado el 11 de noviembre de 1936. Es esta

la fecha que marca, una y otra vez, distintos capítulos de una novela híbrida, que yuxtapone las reflexiones publicadas por el periodista Ricardo Paseyro, en el diario El País, como voz acusatoria de la falsedad del suicidio con la que se había explicado la muerte del protagonista (histórico y literario) con la voz introspectiva e imaginada del propio Ghigliani en el día de su muerte. [GU]

1511 Chagas, Jorge. La diosa y la noche: la novela de Rosa Luna. Montevideo: Fin de Siglo Editorial, 2017. 201 p. (Colección ñ) Sexta novela del autor afro-uruguayo cuya obra (narrativo-ficcional y de ensayo histórico) ha sido reconocida con el Premio Nacional de Literatura, el primer premio del Concurso anual de Literatura del Ministerio de Educación y Cultura, entre otros. En esta novela, se nos convoca como lectores, a través de las indagaciones que lleva adelante la periodista Clara Moreira (personaje ficticio y protagónico) a asistir a la reconstrucción de la vida de una de las figuras más legendarias del carnaval uruguayo, la de la afrouruguaya conocida en el país por su nombre artístico Rosa Luna. [GU] 1512 Di Candia, César. El general va a la guerra en mecedora. Uruguay: Mar Dulce, 2018. 173 p. (Cuentos) Colección de 36 cuentos, algunos clasificables como micro-relatos, que en gran número giran en torno al tema de la decrepitud, la pobreza, la muerte y un dios inexistente, temas-eje que aparecen asociados a figuras masculinas, a veces de una gran significancia para el imaginario histórico-político nacional como es el caso del José Artigas, en su exilio paraguayo, a veces desde la mirada satírica hacia el burócrata inoperante, como es el senador parodiado en “El hombre público que quedó embarazado.” Los protagonistas vistos en su patetismo y fragilidad son un coro de antihéroes que solo raramente se alinean con el humor. [GU] 1513 Díaz, Nelson. Resaca. Montevideo: Yaugurú, 2015. 107 p.: ill. (Narrativivas; 11) Segundo libro de la trilogía Terminal Moebius que se inició con Corporación Medusa (2007) y culminó con Metástasis (2017). Lo lúdico, aspecto omnipresente en cada uno de los volúmenes que conforman el proyecto, se revela también en Resaca desde

386 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 la materialidad misma del texto (decisiones de carácter tipográfico tales como letra azul sobre fondo blanco y collage de portada que bosqueja una figura que se adivina humana y masculina). También son muestras de lo lúdico las intervenciones efectuadas sobre textos surrealistas y simbolistas franceses que yuxtapuestos a la rama “maldita” de la literatura uruguaya conforman el carácter inherentemente intertextual del proyecto al tiempo que el alter ego de Díaz, Rogers, verbaliza una mirada nihilista y crítica sobre la uruguayez. [GU]

1514 Dobrinin, Pablo. El mar aéreo. Montevideo: Fin de Siglo Editorial, 2016. 223 p. (Colección ñ) Segundo libro de cuentos del autor (el primero fue Colores peligrosos, 2011) quien también publicara un libro de poesía (Artaud, 2012) y numerosas contribuciones al género de la ciencia ficción en revistas de todo el mundo. Además de que su obra ha sido traducida al italiano, al francés, al catalán y al esloveno, esta ha sido el objeto de estudio del número 230 de la revista Axxón, especializada en el género de la ciencia ficción y disponible en línea. Este libro consta de seis relatos (de los cuales el quinto da título a la colección) y en los que en ocasiones, la frontera entre la narrativa fantástica y la narrativa estrictamente de ciencia ficción se desdibuja. [GU] 1515 Durlacher, Andrea. Esto es una pipa. Montevideo: Literatura Random House, 2015. 303 p. Primera novela de una autora cuya obra hasta ahora se había desarrollado en el género lírico y ha sido publicada como representante distintiva de la generación de la nueva poesía uruguaya. En esta obra narrativa, remitiendo a la pintura de René Magritte de 1929 (Ceci n’est pas une pipe), la trama propone un recorrido por diferentes barrios montevideanos de la mano de Yaro, una mujer de 26 años, cuyo devenir invita a pensar en la identidad y el vacío existencial en un tiempo que promete innumerables formas de relacionamiento humano sin que este se concrete en ninguna. [GU] 1516 Escanlar, Gustavo. Grandes éxitos, un cuento y una despedida. Prólogo de Sergio Olguín. Montevideo: Criatura Editora, 2013. 153 p.: index.

Colección de 24 relatos (incluyendo uno inédito), publicada póstumamente siguiendo el ordenamiento dejado por el autor y que condensa lo más característico de su estética. La primera parte del título, en clave paródica, corresponde también a la autoría del propio Escanlar. Con un prólogo del argentino Sergio Olguín, quien contextualiza al autor y a su obra en relación con las revistas V de Vian y Lamujerdemivida, esta colección clausura una obra poética, novelística, de narrativa corta y de crónicas que siempre lo situó, estilísticamente, cerca de Charles Bukowski y de Fogwill. Como el primero, el mundo literario construido por Escanlar giró en torno a una realidad oscura signada por los excesos (del cuerpo y del pesimismo) y como el segundo, creó una voz narradora en primera persona que permea las historias creando la ilusión de un texto eminentemente autobiográfico. [GU]

1517 Estramil, Mercedes. Washed tombs. Montevideo: HUM, 2017. 118 p. Sexta novela de la autora con la que recibió el Premio Bartolomé Hidalgo 2018. Se trata de una trama que pone al centro de su estilo el humor negro y un tono ríspido que muestra una ciudad descarnada, una Montevideo que se reconoce al tiempo que extraña (a lo Lévi-Strauss). La creación de mundos/circunstancias alternativas a los que convoca la historia (un Concurso Mortuorio Nacional al que los muertos contribuyen con obras que no pudieron ser consideradas en vida) motiva a la risa de la mano de una prosa que cautiva. [GU] 1518 Fischer, Diego. Mejor callar: escándalo y silencio de los crímenes del Prado. Investigación periodística de Diego Fischer y Fernando Bonilla. Montevideo: Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial, 2016. 251 p. (Sudamericana) Narraciones breves que reconstruyen, a partir de la investigación efectuada por el autor en más de nueve archivos de la prensa montevideana y bonaerense, dos crímenes ocurridos en el Novecientos, poco después de fi nalizada la Guerra Civil de 1904. La historia reconstruida por el autor y acallada por más de un siglo, deja al descubierto intrigas de la aristocracia rioplatense, responsables del control férreo ejercido sobre las mujeres

Literature: 21st Century: River Plate: Prose Fiction: Uruguay / 387 que osaban rebelarse contra las normas de la época. [GU]

1519 Fontana, Hugo. El agua blanda. Montevideo: HUM, 2017. 153 p. Décima segunda novela de un autor que también ha publicado relatos, poesía y ensayo. En esta trama, que guiña intertextualmente al tango, la novela de aventuras y la novela policial, se rinde un homenaje implícito a la obra onettiana tanto en su carácter como en su tono. Su protagonista, el periodista Julio Lamas, aparece inmerso en el devenir político de un Cono Sur de inicios de Plan Cóndor. La historia narrada remite a un episodio histórico como lo fue la toma del avión de Aerolíneas Argentinas (28 de septiembre de 1966) por parte de militantes peronistas y su desvío hacia las Islas Malvinas. La novela acompaña a Lamas (ya alejado de la historia real) en su separación de la misión, una vez producido el aterrizaje, hacia un camino de exploración de las posibilidades existenciales que hay más allá de la soledad. [GU] 1520 Fornaro, Milton. La madriguera. Montevideo: Alfaguara, 2016. 551 p. Sexta novela del autor, reconocido escritor del género de la novela policial uruguaya quien también ha publicado 10 colecciones de cuentos, una obra de teatro y fue partícipe de una novela de autoría colectiva. Aquí entrelaza un hecho verídico de la crónica policial de fi nales de los años 50 al tiempo que conecta la trama con los años 30, el Holocausto a través del subtema de los judíos colaboracionistas y la primera década del siglo XXI en torno a imaginados confl ictos entre colectivos LGBTQ. Un mismo edificio detona tres historias que tienen como punto de partida el descubrimiento de restos óseos lo que fuerza a conducir la investigación detectivesca y el hilo narrativo a episodios históricos atroces. [GU] 1521 Garicoïts, Léonie. Y la nombraron mujer. Ilustraciones de Elián Stolarsky. Epílogo de Adriana Frechero. Montevideo: Yauguru, 2015. 81 p.: ill., index. (Coleccion Narrativiva; 16) Conjunto de relatos que fueron reconocidos con una mención en el Concurso Internacional de Narrativa Horacio Quiroga y son acompañados por ilustraciones de Elián Stolarsky. Con un título sugerente

de temática de género, la antología juega con la expectativa lectora, desplegando una práctica escritural a la que Adriana Frechero (responsable del epílogo) defi ne como existente en los pliegues. La subjetividad femenina que se presenta en estos textos se hace visible o bien a través de los resquicios de una mirada desconocida e inquietante que fuerza a quien lee a un voyeurismo involuntario o bien por medio de una identificación con una voz en primera persona. [GU]

1522 Giudice, Pedro. El fractal de Julia. Montevideo: Estuario Editora, 2017. 218 p. (Narrativa) Premiada en el Concurso literario Juan Carlos Onetti del 2015, esta novela es la segunda escrita por el autor, quien también incursionó en la poesía. Una voz narradora defi nida por la fragmentación que anuncia el título, reconstruye las distintas identidades y edades que lo han conformado como el protagonista del presente. La imagen central, generadora de las múltiples variantes identitarias que se despliegan en un acto de reminiscencia redentora (hijo, abuelo, preso político, torturado, liberado) emerge de la generación que lo defi ne, la del 68. El leitmotiv de la fugacidad de la vida se erige junto a la constatación de la vigencia de valores que reafi rman el sentido de la existencia humana en contraste con un presente que tomó una dirección imprevista y no deseada. [GU] 1523 Hamed, Amir. Febrero 30. Montevideo: HUM, 2016. 206 p. Última novela de una de las voces narrativas más sorprendentes y eruditas de la literatura uruguaya de los últimos 30 años. Ubicada en un tiempo imposible (la fecha del título), la trama nace y culmina en un universo gatuno que se fantasea como criterio de medida de todas las cosas. Del protagonista Augusto Sandokán Dalessandro, eje de la narración, (que apunta simultáneamente en clave referencial al Sandoval de Góngora y al Sandokán de Salgari), se recorren, ficcionalizándolos, mitos y textos antiguos de disciplinas diversas que devienen en la textura narrativa polisemántica que es la prosa barroca de Hamed. Uno de los elementos principales de este texto es la construcción de un autorretrato, al que parte de la crítica leyó como proyecto autobiográfico,

388 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 marcado por la centralidad de la enfermedad que defi ne a su escritor-protagonista. [GU]

1524 Hernández, Felisberto. Obra incompleta. Prólogo y selección de Oscar Brando. Montevideo: Ediciones Cruz del Sur: Ediciones del Caballo Perdido, 2015. 439 p.: bibl., ill. Edición que se ajusta, como lo explica Brando en la nota a esta edición (revisión de la del 2002 que por motivos extra editoriales no pudo publicarse), a un criterio cronológico que tomó por base los estudios existentes de corte genéticos. En ese sentido, se sigue a las Obras completas que habían sido compiladas por José Pedro Díaz (1981–83) pero con un ordenamiento diferente al que Díaz y antes, Norah Giraldi, habían establecido además de no incluir todo lo que aquellos, en materia de producción inédita, habían transcrito. El corpus aparece organizado en cuatro secciones que se corresponden, respectivamente, con textos autobiográficos, “tres novelas de la memoria,” cuentos (póstumos o no) reunidos en base a su fecha de publicación (y no de su escritura) y fragmentos del Diario del sinvergüenza. [GU] 1525 Hoski. Ningún lugar. Montevideo: Estuario Editora, 2017. 127 p. (Narrativa) Colección de ocho relatos que, por la reiteración de ciertos elementos temáticos y estrategias estructurales, crea la ilusión de ser novela. Con una prosa que no carece de momentos líricos, los cuentos, como lo anuncia el título, son consistentemente inconducentes. Combinando recorridos por periferias y áreas capitalinas oscurecidas en el imaginario montevideano de la cultura, la voz narradora masculina se erige, como el cuerpo en el que encarna, deambulante e insatisfecha. Un aspecto original de este universo narrativo es su registro, se podría decir museístico, de una era de la tecnología de la (in)comunicación ya perimida, no en su efecto sino en sus formas: el espacio colectivo-público de un cíber café ya difunto y las salas de chat prometedoras de una intimidad anónima. [GU] 1526 Lázaro, Rosario. Peces mudos. Montevideo: Criatura Editora, 2016. 114 p. Colección de relatos divididos en dos partes que giran en torno al símbolo omnipresente del agua en formas diversas. La connotación de lo vital que se irradia

desde todo lo esencialmente acuático en su manifestación oceánica o de río, estancada o que fluye, traza una gradación en la tensión que recorre las historias de personajes anónimos, muchas veces situados en la frontera entre una infancia que se escapa y una madurez, no ajena a la brutalidad, que se instala en la vida de los protagonistas. [GU]

1527 Maslíah, Leo. Sagrado colegio. Montevideo: Criatura Editora, 2014. 222 p. En el estilo lúdico que caracteriza al autor en su manejo del lenguaje y con el humor que emana del absurdo, esta novela tiene como blanco de su prosa satírica al sistema educativo, simbolizado en una institución que remite no solo a una particular, montevideana, sino a las religiosas en general, no exentas de una figura panóptica que garantice la preservación del status quo. En este sentido, la novela revela en esta institución educativa ficticia una grisura intelectual que gobierna y anquilosa la creatividad misma al tiempo que denuncia la neoliberalización que se ha apoderado del sistema todo. Dicho neoliberalismo queda plasmado, risible pero verosímil, en una estrategia de marketing: el colegio emite una tarjeta de crédito cuyo beneficio consiste en asegurar mejoras en las calificaciones escolares. [GU] 1528 Massa, Rafael. Todos mienten. Montevideo: Estuario Editora, 2017. 143 p. (Cosecha roja; 21) Primera novela del autor (periodista, dramaturgo) y primera de una trilogía de novelas negras, que explora los años de la década infame (dictadura uruguaya) a través de un hilo narrativo que se despliega en numerosos subtextos que incluyen cartas, epílogo fi rmado por el propio autor (a modo de personaje), prólogos ficticios, todas fuentes que confi rman que la verdad siempre está más allá de lo que cuenta la historia y que la literatura, puede interrumpir el silencio oficial y contribuir con su respuesta. [GU] 1529 Mattos, Tomás de. Vida de gallos. Montevideo: Alfaguara, 2016. 187 p. (Narrativa hispánica) Publicación póstuma de una colección de nueve cuentos en cuya escritura se encontraba inmerso el autor al momento de su muerte. A lo largo de estos textos, el autor recorre, con una mirada en ocasiones humorística y empática, las peripecias a

Literature: 21st Century: River Plate: Prose Fiction: Uruguay / 389 las que se enfrentan personajes ordinarios que le recuerdan a quienes leen, sobre los placeres ínfi mos y a la vez invalorables de la existencia humana. [GU]

1530 Morosoli, Juan José. El campo. Buenos Aires: Mardulce, 2015. 191 p. (Ficción) Antología de 14 de los relatos más aplaudidos del autor que condensan las imágenes de hombres ordinarios, representantes de oficios y estilos de vida (albañiles, gauchos, obreros). El estilo morosoliano, signado por la morosidad con la que sus protagonistas resisten, protestando, el ímpetu de un tiempo diferente. La lengua que registra su obra y en particular estos cuentos, antes asociada exclusivamente con el registro de lo costumbrista y lo rural, se revela en los textos editados como el logro de documentar por escrito, un modo de hablar popular, oral que gracias a Morosoli, encuentra su sitio en la literatura, y de ese modo, se archiva. [GU] 1531 Negro: 11 escritores +11 ilustradores. Idea y coordinación de Rodolfo Santullo. Montevideo: Estuario Editora, 2016. 177 p.: ill. (Cuadernos de ficción) Colección selecta de relatos policiales que reúne a un grupo de escritores diverso desde el punto de vista etario (llega a haber tres décadas de diferencia entre quienes marcan los límites temporales del grupo), en términos de género y de su lugar ya consagrado dentro de la producción narrativa del género (siendo los casos más notorios los de Renzo Rosello, Ramiro Sanchiz, Mercedes Rosende y Ana Solari). [GU] 1532 Ojeda, Alvaro. Congoja. Montevideo: Estuario Editora, 2017. 143 p. (Narrativa) Quinta novela de un autor que cuenta también con una amplia producción poética publicada en varios países y que se desempeña asimismo como periodista y letrista. En esta novela, cuyo eje temático lo constituye una historia de amor, el protagonista ordinario y correcto, Martín Gaínza, camina y recuerda gracias a los privilegios del tiempo (que le da ser jubilado) y de la soledad (que su perro omnipresente disimula). La angustia/tristeza evocada por el título tiñe una rutina diaria signada por la grisura y las ausencias, literales o simbólicas, que marcaron el pasado del protagonista. [GU]

1533 Rossello, Renzo. El simple arte de caer: los casos de Oboulio Barreras. Montevideo: Estuario Editora, 2018. 129 p. (Cosecha roja; 24) Novela negra que cuenta la claudicación del detective Obdulio Barreras, cuyos servicios ya nadie requiere, frente a un narcotraficante en una Montevideo paupérrima pero esperanzada ante las elecciones del 2004. La transformación en antihéroe constituye el eje del declive moral que irónicamente anticipa el título. Al sucumbir a la necesidad y al precio que lo transforma, Barreras se vuelve sobreviviente y testigo de una realidad capitalina grotesca y trágica. [GU] 1534 Sanchiz, Ramiro. Verde. Montevideo: Fin de Siglo Editorial, 2016. 162 p.: ill. (Colección ñ) Décima primera novela de un autor prolífico que también ha publicado relatos, ensayos sobre rock y estudios críticos sobre la ciencia ficción uruguaya. Sanchiz recibió el Premio Nacional de Literatura de Uruguay, en el 2016, por su novela El orden del mundo. Con Verde, vuelve a construir universos que se ubican en lo que John Harrison, en el 2002, llamara el New Weird, una modalidad estética marcada por la trascendencia de las fronteras estrictas del terror y la fantasía. Como en las novelas anteriores, el protagonista es Federico Stahl, quien inaugura, en apariencia, una cronología lineal que resulta cuestionada por un despliegue de formas alternativas de contar y ordenar el mundo que remiten tanto a formas culturales de alcance popular y recientes (por ejemplo, videojuegos) como a modos tradicionales de registrar el pasado (tales como las fotografías). [GU] 1535 Santullo, Rodolfo. Luces de neón. Montevideo: Estuario Editora, 2016. 142 p. (Cosecha roja; 19) Novela negra, parte de la colección Cosecha roja, centrada en este género. La trama, que plantea el tópico del bien y el mal como separadas por una frágil frontera, gira en torno a expectativas incumplidas, crímenes menores, traiciones y tiene su génesis en un robo acontecido en el periodo postdictatorial inmediato. [GU] 1536 Tagliaferro, Gerardo. La otra muerte de Dan Mitrione. Montevideo: Fin de Siglo Editorial, 2017. 226 p. (Colección ñ)

390 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Primer libro de ficción de quien se ha desempeñado como periodista y ha publicado tres libros en ese campo. En esta novela retoma temas abordados en los trabajos antes mencionados, específicamente el político y el histórico de la realidad uruguaya de los 70. La trama comienza con el anuncio de la muerte de Dan Mitrione, jefe de la misión uruguaya del programa norteamericano Oficina de Seguridad Pública, a manos del Movimiento de Liberación NacionalTupamaros. Mitrione había llegado al país para llevar adelante el entrenamiento de la policía uruguaya en nuevas modalidades de tortura pero su muerte, en esta ficcionalización, se conecta con un fi nal anticipado en el título que no coincide con el histórico. [GU]

1537 13 que cuentan. Contribuciones de Martin Bentancor et al. Prólogo de Rosario Peyrou. Montevideo: Ediciones de la Banda Oriental, 2016. 221 p.: ill. (Lectores de Banda Oriental; 33) Colección de relatos que reúne a los ganadores del concurso “Narradores de la Banda Oriental” en un grupo que, al margen de pertenecer a la misma franja etaria (todos nacieron después de 1973, fecha del golpe de estado), presenta dos características comunes. Por un lado, según la prologuista, no se defi nen a la luz de la tradición literaria nacional ni se sienten parte de una generación (nueva o no) del panorama literario uruguayo. La mayoría no es montevideana y casi la mitad reside en el interior del país. De formación y desempeño profesional mayoritariamente en las letras, este grupo no incluye mujeres. En varios relatos emerge el tema de la paternidad y la infancia y en muchos está presente el tono fantástico y una imagen alterada de la realidad. [GU] 1538 Trujillo, Domingo. Las nenas no lloran. Montevideo: Negrita, 2017. 139 p. Colección de 11 relatos protagonizados por mujeres quienes, habiendo enfrentado desafíos diversos, pasan a la historia por su sobrevivencia a los mismos, defi nidas por su valentía y/o por su estoicismo. Entre las figuras recuperadas en los cuentos figuran Blanca Luz Brum, poeta y periodista uruguaya y Mónika Ertl, integrante del Ejército de Liberación boliviano y conocida

como “la vengadora del Che Guevara.” Como anticipa el título, que puede leerse en clave irónica, las protagonistas de estas historias resisten las connotaciones reductivas del término que las relega a la infancia, para afi rmarse en un espacio que las resitúa en la racionalidad. [GU]

1539 Zieleniec, Raquel. El rincón del eco. Montevideo: Yaugurú, 2017. 278 p. (Narrativivas; 26) Tercera novela de quien publicara también relatos y una colección de cuentos infantiles. Al igual que lo que ocurría en Hay un lobo muerto en mi orilla (2010), la primera novela de la autora, esta trama yuxtapone temporalidades. Por un lado emerge el pasado de los ancestros, España en este texto, que adquiere jerarquía de personaje y por otro, el presente, materializado en una prosa ágil, precisa y reveladora de personajes cuya psique se construye minuciosamente. [GU] LITERARY CRITICISM Argentina

1540 Castillo, Abelardo. Diarios: 1954– 1991. Buenos Aires: Alfaguara, 2014. 627 p.: ill. (Alfaguara Literaturas) Este texto compila los diarios del reconocido novelista y dramaturgo argentino, Abelardo Castillo (San Pedro 1935–Buenos Aires 2017), escritos desde 1954 hasta 1991. En esta edición se incluyen una variedad de entradas que fueron anotadas en cuadernos escolares, libretas y hojas sueltas y que posteriormente Castillo transcribió y comentó en forma de notas, entablando una especie de diálogo con él mismo. Caracterizan esta edición la fidelidad al original y la indicación de páginas perdidas o ilegibles. En estos diarios Castillo reflexiona sobre su propia escritura y sus lecturas literarias y fi losóficas. Se incluyen respuestas a cartas recibidas como por ejemplo una escrita a David Viñas en donde se comentan tanto sus diferencias literarias y políticas así como sus coincidencias. En dos diferentes secciones aparecen fotos del autor en su entorno familiar, de pareja y en el mundo intelectual del que formó parte durante la mayor parte de su vida. Esta es una valiosa edición debido, entre otras razones, a la variedad de referencias a las novelas y escritos de Castillo. Una

Literature: 21st Century: River Plate: Literacy Criticism: Uruguay / 391 nueva edición incluirá los diarios escritos después de 1991. [LRL] Uruguay

1541 Conteris, Hiber. La escritura sin tregua: Mario Benedetti y el Uruguay de hoy. Montevideo: Fin de Siglo Editorial, 2015. 140 p.: bibl. Ensayo crítico sobre la obra narrativa de Mario Benedetti, a partir del marco teórico de la narratología en su más reciente defi nición: herramienta hermenéutica resultante de la confluencia de múltiples discursos críticos, aunados en el objetivo de analizar las estrategias subyacentes al proceso de la representación de la narrativa oral y/o literaria. El estudio divide la producción narrativa onettiana en tres categorías que atienden al espacio de la oficina (territorio urbano), al espacio internacional (no uruguayo) y al estado/espacio del desexilio al que Conteris se aproxima desde el concepto de desterritorialización acuñado por Deleuze y Guattari, fundamentalmente en lo pertinente al proceso del desaprendizaje de la “lengua mayor” y el reaprendizaje de la “lengua original,” ambas, instancias clave de lo que constituye la experiencia del desexilio. [GU] 1542 Forcinito, Ana. Intermittences: memory, justice, and the poetics of the visible in Uruguay. Pittsburgh, Pa.: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2018. 257 p.: bibl., index. (Illuminations: cultural formations of the Americas series) Estudio imprescindible sobre una serie de fuentes artísticas que han consolidado, según la autora, una memoria alternativa sobre el terrorismo de estado uruguayo. Partiendo de una amplia red teórica de conceptualizaciones de memoria y jerarquizando la producción cultural visual como “documento” del pasado, este trabajo sitúa su propia defi nición de memoria al centro de dicotomías varias (lo individual vs. lo colectivo, lo cohesivo vs. lo oscilatorio). La tesis central es que la suma de prácticas estéticas intermitentes, surgidas en contraposición a la impunidad y el olvido establecidos por el modelo de justicia transicional adoptado, delinea una memoria alternativa. Se trata de una memoria que denuncia pero además, demuestra que es el acto estético mismo el

que al visibilizar dicha denuncia, la hace posible. [GU]

1543 Hernández, Felisberto. Cartas: cartas y partituras musicales. Introducción y notas de Daniel Morena. Montevideo: Paréntesis libros, 2015. 267 p.: bibl., ill., index, music, facsimiles. (Colección Del Sello) Edición anotada a cargo de Daniel Morena (responsable asimismo de la introducción) que incluye, siguiendo un criterio cronológico, el intercambio epistolar que abarca más de tres décadas (de los años 20 en adelante) y que mantuviera Hernández con diversos destinatarios entre los que se cuenta su familia, Lorenzo Destoc, Paulina Medeiros, Jules Supervielle, Reina Reyes y Ana María Hernández (hija). La edición también incluye, dedicatorias y manuscritos y 120 piezas para piano improvisadas, de las cuales solo una (“Primavera”) había sido editada. El acceso a este corpus permite identificar conexiones relevantes con su obra narrativa entre las cuales cabe mencionar la creación de un lector defi nido a partir de su capacidad imaginativa y la construcción de un estilo marcado por la oralidad y el tono introspectivo. [GU] 1544 Romiti, Elena. Unamuno y Uruguay: archivo epistolar. Salamanca, Spain: Universidad de Salamanca; Montevideo: Biblioteca Nacional de Uruguay, 2017. 234 p. (Biblioteca Unamuno; 43) Volumen que, precedido de un estudio preliminar de Romiti, reúne por primera vez todo el intercambio epistolar (activo y pasivo) que existió entre el escritor y fi lósofo vasco y sus contemporáneos uruguayos. Se visibiliza así una red de referencias que iluminan la producción unamuniana así como áreas de la creación uruguayas y latinoamericanas. El proyecto es el resultado del convenio entre las instituciones editoras y en el caso de la Universidad de Salamanca, de la Casa Museo Unamuno, la cual hizo posible la reconstrucción de esta correspondencia en orden cronológico así como en clave dialógica. Romiti ve en parte del corpus (que incluye un amplio número de representantes del Novecientos uruguayo) un síntoma de la aspiración a conectarse con la metrópoli desde la periferia rioplatense. En casos aislados, como queda evidenciado en la colección, fue el mismo Unamuno

392 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 quien expresó claro interés por mantener un diálogo con intelectuales uruguayos, tal el caso del poeta romántico José Zorrilla de San Martín. [GU]

1545 Silva, Clara. Archivos ficcionales: La sobreviviente. Edición crítica y genética de Elena Romiti. Montevideo: Biblioteca Nacional Uruguay, 2015. 593 p.: ill. some color). Edición crítica (y monumental) de la primera novela de la escritora Clara Silva, La sobreviviente, publicada en Buenos Aires (1951) y cuya trascendencia en la historiografía literaria uruguaya había sido, hasta ahora, ignorada. Romiti, a partir de la metodología que defi ne la crítica genética

y recurriendo a la Colección Clara Silva del Archivo Literario del Departamento de Investigaciones perteneciente a la Biblioteca Nacional de Uruguay, investiga las múltiples conexiones que emergen del texto. Por un lado, aborda la relación entre las ediciones de la novela (1951 y 1966) y su manuscrito incompleto. Por otro, visibiliza el vínculo con autores, discursos críticos y obras presentes al momento del proceso escritural. Por medio de la identificación de intertextualidades diversas, Romiti logra situar a La sobreviviente en el marco de la ficción continental y europea así como establecer su lugar en los archivos narrativos de autoría femenina en Uruguay y en la región. [GU]

Poetry JOSÉ R. BALLESTEROS , Professor of Spanish, St. Mary’s College of Maryland ELIZABETH GACKSTETTER NICHOLS , Professor of Spanish, Drury College RITA M. PALACIOS , Professor of Spanish, Conestoga College JEANNINE M. PITAS , Assistant Professor of English, Saint Vincent College CHRYSTIAN ZEGARRA , Associate Professor of Spanish and Chair of the Department of Romance Languages and Literatures, Colgate University CENTRAL AMERICA

CENTRAL AMERICA experienced two great losses in 2019 and 2020 with the deaths of Humberto Ak’aba (K’iche’) and Ernesto Cardenal, respectively. Ak’abal was to be the guest of honor at FILGUA, the Feria Internacional del Libro en Guatemala, in 2019, but with his passing, the event was held in his memory, with many readings, lectures, and activities to celebrate his life and his work. His work has left an indelible mark and his absence will be felt. The K’iche’ poet presented his readers and critics with many challenges and no doubt we will see an uptick in scholarship on his work in the next decade. Ak’abal’s life and work, in the face of Guatemala’s rampant racism, which runs through all institutions and systems, changed the face of the literary establishment and the way in which we read Maya literature. De Ak’abal a Ak’abal, a Catfi xia Escena/Poética edition that is included in this bibliography (item 1591), is one of his last projects for which he worked alongside Caja Lúdica, a street theater collective, to bring his poetry to life. In March 2020, Nicaragua, for its part, mourned the loss of Ernesto Cardenal, one Latin America’s greatest poets. Cardenal, despite growing health problems, published two books of poetry shortly before his death: Así en la tierra como en el cielo in 2018 (Anamá Ediciones) and Hijos de las estrellas with illustrations by artist Ramiro Lacayo Deshon in 2019 (Anamá Ediciones). In early 2019, the poet was absolved from “canonical censure” by Pope Francis, after being banned from performing priestly duties for more than 35 years for his political activity. His

Literature: Spanish America: Poetry / 393

remains were secretly buried at Solentiname, the utopic community founded by Cardenal and the inspiration for many of his poems, among them “El evangelio de Solentiname.” In El Salvador, recent poetry collections, such as La generación comprometida: homenaje de la Universidad de El Salvador (item 1549), offer a retrospective look at the country’s socially conscious generation. New poetry from this generation explores what it means to live in 21st-century Central America, with a complete consideration of how social media and immigration shape their experiences. In May 2019, El Salvador held its largest book fair, Feria del Libro de Arte y Literatura, where the country’s fi rst bilingual literary magazine La piscucha (https://www.lapiscuchamagazine.com/) was presented. This magazine is the product of the efforts of a strong and active diaspora in the US, which totals approximately 1.6 million, more than a fi fth of the total population of El Salvador. The aim of La piscucha is to bring together the voices of Salvadoran poets from all over the world and initiate a conversation that creates strong bonds of solidarity. Costa Rica’s literary scene is recognizing the importance of the voices of Black poets and recent scholarly publications note the particular presence of Black women among these voices. Palabras indelebles de poetas negras features two of Costa Rica’s best-known Black women writers, Delia McDonald Woolery and Shirley Campbell Barr (item 1568). Lucie Dudreuil’s “Del silencio al canto: las huellas de la esclavitud en la poesía femenina afrocostarricense” looks at the work of a new generation poets who write from Costa Rica about their experiences as Black women and descendants of slaves. In her paper, Dudreuil analyzes the work of McDonald Woolery, Campbell Barr, Eulalia Bernard and Maxwell Edwards (see Études caribéennes, 4, 2020. In 2020, with the pandemic, many communities in Central America were under lockdown or were following restrictive measures to mitigate the effects. This meant that many important book fairs and literary festivals where poetry plays a central part were cancelled or took place online. For example, Guatemala’s FILGUA (Fería Internacional del Libro en Guatemala), the largest in the region, was initially postponed, and later cancelled. Other festivals were accessible online all over the world, facing a great many challenges, but also reaching audiences like never before. Nicaragua’s Centroamérica Cuenta and Colectivo Ajtz’ib’, a writers’ collective based in San Juan Comalapa, Guatemala, were among the featured literary organizations. Centroamérica Cuenta was FILGUA’s 2020 guest of honor, and what was at fi rst an initiative to address the pandemic and bring together over 56 writers to talk about isolation and literary creation, Autores en cuarentena (https://www.centroamericacuenta.com/autores-en-cuarentena/), became a months-long literary festival, part of FILGUA, that included workshops, classes, and book presentations. In August of the same year, the Colectivo Ajtz’ib’, organized “Ruchuq’ab’il Qach’ab’äl”, a gathering of over 20 well-known Indigenous poets from all over Latin America. Finally, in 2019, Agencia Ocote, an independent communications agency based in Guatemala, created Audiobuki, Central America’s fi rst literary podcast. As of August 2020, there were 23 episodes featuring the work of some of the best-known contemporary poets from Central America and Mexico. [RMP] COLOMBIA AND VENEZUELA

The production, publication, and dissemination of poetry in Venezuela and Colombia presents an image of stark contrast. While Colombia rebuilds in the fragile

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peace created by the 2017 agreement between rebels and the central government, Venezuela continues its downward spiral into economic, political, and social dissolution. These specific sociopolitical contexts inevitably affect the poets and poetry produced in both nations. The Colombian poet Maria Gómez Lara describes her work as seeking to describe the precarity of life—its beauty and fragility. This theme is evident in much of the poetry produced in the last few years by Colombian authors. Sparse, minimalist verse combines imagery of pain and suffering with that of hope and healing. In 2021 this image stands as a functional metaphor for the state of Colombia, now recovering from years of violence and in the early years of peace and reconstruction. As many cities, such as Medellín, experience renewal as tourist destinations, lingering problems of violence and income disparity remain. Poets writing in this context enjoy increased opportunities in the burgeoning economy and increasing stability of the nation. As is appropriate for a nation of poets, publication in poetry proceeds in healthy measure, with a variety of publishing houses producing high-quality collections. Uniediciones seems to lead in the publication of poetry. Colombian poets have also gained international attention and publication, making their work generally easier to obtain than that of their Venezuelan counterparts. The Feria del Libro in Bogotá continues to draw millions of authors, publishers, and attendees, while promoting both Colombian and international poetry. In contrast to Colombia, Venezuela continues to suffer previously unimaginable challenges in the medical, economic, security, and human rights sectors, with shortages of food and medicines, a lack of electrical power and an increase in state-supported violence. Despite these challenges, however, poetry continues to be written and published, mainly through the government-sponsored Editorial El Perro y la Rana, and the independent Oscar Todtman Editores. El Perro y la Rana, speaking for the government, remains defiant against economic sanctions, in 2021 showing off new printing presses. At the unveiling of the new presses, the minister of culture announced that “la cultura rompe el bloqueo.” El Perro y la Rana continues to publish those friendly to the ideology of the Maduro government, and, often, the overtly partisan works of members of the government itself. Oscar Todtman, for its part, opens space for more challenging independent authors. Readers and researchers seeking better access to Venezuelan poetry will appreciate the website of El Perro y la Rana, which offers a list of titles with descriptions, often including a featured poem as an example of the poet’s work. The site http://www.elperroylarana.gob.ve/series/poesia-venezolana/ may also be useful for scholars hoping to order books from the publishing entity or from other sources as it offers an ISBN for each work. For works not published by El Perro y la Rana, the privately run and held blog Poesia Vzla (https://poesiavzla.wordpress.com/) is of great interest. The not-for-profit site is designed to help world readers access both historical and new works by Venezuelan authors. Poetry collections are offered for free in their entirety, with (according to the site) the permission of the author and publisher. [EGN] BOLIVIA

En el camino la herida es la cura. Todo encuentro es un adiós.

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-Rubén Vargas Portugal “Paris, Texas” En el 2017, las publicaciones de poesía boliviana más destacables giran alrededor de obras completas publicadas por editoriales en La Paz. Coinciden cuatro importantes de estas que sin duda reivindican la celebridad poética de sus autores y a la vez aportan importantes estudios críticos y bibliografías que contextualizan histórica y lingüísticamente a los poetas. Dichas obras incluyen La creación y otros poemas de Manuel José Tovar (La Paz, 1831–69) (item 1580), la Poesía de Adela Zamudio (Cochabamba, 1854–1928) (item 1588), la Obra completa de Blanca Wiethüchter (La Paz, 1947–2004) (item 1587) y la Obra poética de Rubén Vargas Portugal (La Paz, 1959–2015) (item 1582). En La creación y otros poemas, el catedrático Leonardo García Pabón contextualiza la importante obra romántica de Tovar dentro de las discusiones ideológicas de la época en cuanto al rumbo de la relativamente nueva república boliviana. “La creación”, poema descriptivo lírico, entonces representa una respuesta religiosa a las ideas y programas materialistas de la política boliviana durante el siglo XIX. Teorías materialistas en Bolivia proponían un menosprecio por el creacionismo como ideología fundamental para el avance de la sociedad y Tovar escribe su obra justamente para subrayar la falta de fe de sus contemporáneos sobretodo en el ámbito de la educación. En la Poesía de Adela Zamudio, M. Velázquez Guzmán y V. Ayllón analizan las tendencias críticas hacia la obra poética de la autora. La introducción indica que Zamudio fue una, “mujer halagada, cornada, distinguida y recordada cuya obra, sin embargo, fue poco leída” (p. 11). Dentro del análisis de la obra poética de Zamudio las críticas señalan cuatro aspectos de su obra que merecen mayor atención: a) el uso de la naturaleza y el paisaje; b) el anhelo a la muerte; c) la religiosidad dentro de su poesía; y d) los poemas narrativos. El estudio de Velázquez Guzmán y de Ayllón les permite concluir que “[s]i por sus temas esta poética deja oír una época y una sensibilidad; por su manejo de lo lírico y lo narrativo permite explorar variadas formas poéticas” (p. 41). Es imposible exagerar la importancia que tendrá para el futuro de la poesía boliviana la publicación por la Fundación Cultural del Banco Central de Bolivia de la Obra completa de Blanca Wiethüchter. Los cuatro volúmenes recogen las publicaciones y obras inéditas de la autora: desde la publicación de su poemario Asistir al tiempo en 1975 hasta su muerte en el 2004. La Obra completa incluye una breve biografía seguida de un resumen de su trabajo literario, académico y profesional. La síntesis de análisis de la poesía de la poeta apunta a los acercamientos que los críticos bolivianos más importantes han notado. Entre ellos se encuentra la autora de todo el material introductorio a la Obra, Mónica Velásquez Guzmán quien teje cuidadosamente un prólogo que destaca tanto la rigurosidad y entrega hacia la literatura, como la generosidad y el deseo de intercambio artístico e intelectual de Wiethüchter. Es con este enfoque en que la intertextualidad en la obra de la poeta se expone como una praxis humanísimamente conversacional, sin perder su fi lo intelectual. Este fi lo proviene del uso preciso de lenguaje en todas sus tonalidades y Velásquez Guzmán nota esta variedad al mencionar que el lenguaje “de Wiethüchter transitó desde la herida hasta el juego” (p. xliii). La intertextualidad, puesta en marcha para convocar al otro y juntos crear nuevos espacios o por lo menos cuestionar los límites de espacios anteriores, es uno de los temas centrales al considerar gran parte de la poética incluida en la

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Obra poética de Rubén Vargas Portugal. La Obra no se limita a los dos libros publicados en vida por el autor, sino que también presenta el poemario inédito Viaje a Lisboa (escrito en el 2007). Al fi nal del texto, luego de presentar dos traducciones del mismo poema de Mark Strand “Keeping Things Whole,” se observan dos lecturas críticas de la escritura de Vargas Portugal en La torre abolida (2003). Luis H. Antezana estudia el poema “a Shoa” dedicado a Paul Celan mientras Eduardo Mitre estudia La torre abolida de una manera más general. Mitre señala que la intertextualidad en Vargas Portugal, la pluralidad lingüística reflejada como la lengua del otro, “es como instrumento de enriquecimiento, de comunicación y de transformación. Hablar la lengua del otro, escribirla, es ensanchar el propio horizonte” (p. 171). El recorrido de la poesía boliviana actual sigue la huella que dejaron las importantes voces que ya han partido. En esa búsqueda los lectores se encuentran con una praxis que en base a un diálogo poético con otras voces construye espacios donde el yo y el otro compaginan para lograr lo que hasta hace poco parecía inédito. Estos espacios dan y seguirán dando mucho que descubrir tanto para la crítica como para futuras generaciones de escritores que querrán ser parte de esa gran conversación. [JRB] ECUADOR

La tierra oxidará las herraduras y cuando caiga la mortal fi gura dramática y violenta como un rayo. La humildad bestia encrespará sus crines pues tiene que partir a otros confi nes el triste caballero en su caballo. -Fernando Cazón Vera “Ultima salida de Don Quijote de la Mancha” Las publicaciones más sobresalientes en el Ecuador durante los últimos años continúan celebrando la gran calidad de poetas quienes iniciaron sus ilustres carreras en el siglo pasado. Estas incluyen: Los cochinones de Euler Granda (Riobamba, 1935–2018) (item 1615), La tempestad del laberinto: antología de Fernando Cazón Vera (Quito, 1935– ) (item 1550), Elulises: entrevistas, poemas, testimonios de Ulises Estrella (Quito, 1939–2014) (item 1606), De la voz y el silencio: poesía de Humberto Vinueza (Guayaquil, 1943–2017) (item 1585) y Rituales de oficio: poesía reunida de Raúl Vallejo (Manta, 1959– ) (item 1581). Estas obras en su totalidad subrayan la variedad y profundidad de la literatura ecuatoriana específicamente desde los años 60 hasta hace muy poco. Los poetas incluidos llevan bajo el brazo muchos de los premios locales, nacionales y continentales, y son valorados tanto por su obra poética como por vidas enteras dedicadas al servicio público en el ámbito político y cultural. Un análisis en un espacio tan corto de la importancia de la obra de cada poeta sería una locura cual creerse gobernador actual de la Insula de Barataria. Por ello, este ensayo se limitará a un breve resumen de la obra de estos autores con el fi n de que futuros investigadores, autores o aficionados a la poesía ecuatoriana puedan considerar acercamientos mucho más profundos a las obras en su totalidad. Una de las características de varios de los poetas incluidos en este resumen es su conexión al movimiento tzántzico de los años 60 (1961–69). Ulises Estrella fue cofundador del grupo, y Humberto Vinueza y Euler Granda también comulgaron de los principios del movimiento que veía a la poesía ecuatoriana pasar por un

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estancamiento. La idea era revolucionar la literatura para luchar en contra de la gentrificación cultural del país. En Elulises: entrevistas, poemas, testimonios, publicación póstuma de Ulises Estrella, el autor habla del origen de los tzántzicos además de otros eventos importantes de su vida dentro del mundo de las letras y del cine ecuatoriano. También hay una pequeña colección de poemas escogidos, entre otros, por el letrado más importante de la poesía ecuatoriana actual, Xavier Oquendo Troncoso, quien resume la obra de Estrella como una que dibuja “[h]istorias inmensas que no entran en el poema como un recurso de cuento, sino como una sensación extrasensorial que el poeta dice—casi en confesión—al que quiera saberlo” (p. 9). Este importante don poético-narrativo se observa a lo largo de su carrera. Un buen ejemplo de ello sucede en “Veo” de Furtivos, poemas furtivos de 1988 al escribir Estrella: “Veo/ a mi madre/ sudando/por sacarme/ de las/ tibias aguas/ al aire helado/ su rostro/ no está feliz/ ni el mío/ queda llanto/ y sangre/ sobre las sábanas y la tierra” (p. 85). Una diferente originalidad, marcada por una potente rebeldía, se puede observar en Los chochinones del riobambeño Euler Granda quien falleció en el 2018. Este corto poemario incluye algunos rasgos influenciados por la rebeldía tzántzica que se observan en varias de las obras de este período: un manejo impresionante de un lenguaje preciso y perspicaz, una mordacidad punzante y una autorreflexión poética inteligentísima. En el poema “El gallinero” notamos esta autorreflexión, caracterizada por la imposibilidad de la perfección poética: “La poesía es un embuste/ un mar de llamas/ Un destello atrapado en una jaula, / el pasado mañana, / el diluvio universal en los pulmones, /tiene alas/ y no es ave/ inquiere y no es adivinanza/ aplaca la sed y es sal/ no se parece a nadie y está en todo” (p. 15). La crítica al estatus quo es otra de las características importantes de los partidarios del tzantzismo que marca de por vida a varios de los poetas relacionados al movimiento. En Granda la crítica es dramática, pero bien trabajada como se observa en el poema que da nombre al poemario. Allí Granda defi ne a los seres que ocupan el poder en el mundo describiendo que son alimañas y que “se colaron por las ranuras/ y traficaron con armas/ con la pulpa fresca de las flores/ con la peste, / y fueron rasgando con sus zarpas sangrientas, / sus atómicas secreciones;/ contaminaron todo lo que comíamos, / todo lo que soñábamos;/ y no dejaron poner un pie, / escabullirse del veneno [. . .]” (p. 18). Humberto Vinueza es otra voz que en vida se apaga recientemente, pero cuya obra completa De la voz y del silencio mantendrá viva la imagen del autor para futuras generaciones. Fernando Tinajero nota en el prólogo que Vinueza es de los pocos poetas que “habrán de sobrevivir a su propio tiempo” por “su compromiso medular con la palabra, y fue en su seno donde supo cumplir la tarea de descubrir desconocidas dimensiones de un mundo que se envuelve en sí mismo” (p. 17). Los espacios que construye Vinueza son interiores y el material poético sirve para tratar de llegar al interior más esencial y la comunión entre el poeta con su lector, que termina siendo la intimidad del poeta consigo mismo, que es lo mismo que decir del lector consigo mismo. Esto queda claro a lo largo de su obra, y se observa en un poema como “Yo pretendí ser mago de la pulpa” cuando Vinueza concluye contemplando su muerte notando que, “la escritura se torna absurda respuesta/ desde la frontera incolora del saber/ por eso canto: si desean leerme/ escríbanse a sí mismos renunciando al habla/ y el cielo acaba de derrumbarse/ habría dicho el difunto” (p. 296). Finalmente cabe destacarse la publicación en Colombia de la poesía reunida del poeta manteño Raúl Vallejo quien en vida sigue siendo reconocido como un

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gran narrador y poeta a nivel nacional e internacional. Vallejo se sirve más explícitamente de discursos culturales y notamos una reescritura de la poesía renacentista, de la liturgia, de voces coloniales y post coloniales. Crónica del mestizo (2007) es una obra maestra, no sólo por su habilidad poética, pero también por la humildad cultural con la que el poeta confronta su mestizaje ante la marginación indígena del país. En el poema sobre las manifestaciones indígenas de 1990 en Ecuador se observa la herencia conceptual de los autores anteriores hacia el lenguaje incluyendo las fronteras entre el ser y su palabra. También se observa una necesaria deconstrucción del ser mestizo que, a pesar de apuntar hacia una imposibilidad de comunión con el otro, evade la apropiación y, al fi n y al cabo, permite la solidaridad. Una solidaridad entre iguales por el trabajo que ya hace el mestizo por deconstruirse. Vallejo concluye: Esta crónica inconclusa es el testimonio de mi fracaso/de mi azoramiento de mi nada/ inscrita en la estrechez de un verbo que no se hizo/ ni en el sufrimiento ni en la fiesta/ ni en las rebeldías/ escrita con trazos/ en deshabitados soliloquios mientras afuera distinta vida fluye. . ./No soy la voz de otras voces que pueden hablar por sí mismas/ Tan solo eco de mis personales angustias y estrechos límites” (p. 80). Considerando las obras completas publicadas recientemente de autores ya muy reconocidos en el ámbito nacional y americano, la poesía ecuatoriana ha tenido y tiene mucho que celebrar. Estas fuentes de arte darán mucho que hacer para los investigadores de la tradición poética ecuatoriana de los siglos XX y XXI. Queda clara la marca que los tzantzistas, que luego se convirtieron en sabios contempladores del mundo interior y exterior, van dejando. Se trata de una agridulce despedida de algunos de ellos a quienes ya no podremos visitar en vida, pero que seguirán nutriendo los mejores de nuestros ideales, incluyendo los artísticos. [JRB] PERÚ

Un repaso a la poesía peruana reciente arroja un balance satisfactorio: además de la continua presencia de voces consagradas, se nota una saludable misión, por parte de editores perspicaces, por visibilizar la producción lírica escrita en las tantas veces marginadas provincias. Esta dinámica descentralizadora posibilita el acceso de los lectores a una muestra literaria más representativa, a la vez que supera los tradicionales y caducos dictámenes del ombliguismo limeño. Algunos ejemplos de esta tendencia son la antología Raíz cúbica (item 1576), editada por Alberto Alarcón, que recoge los trabajos de cuatro poetas que pertenecieron al grupo del mismo nombre, aglutinado en Cajamarca en la década del 70; la monumental compilación de Bethoven Medina, Edición extraordinaria: antología general de la poesía en La Libertad (item 1571), que cubre con rigor selectivo 100 años de expresión lírica en esta región norteña; y el volumen editado por Miguel Ángel Hernández Sandoval, Ausente ardor de arena & algarrobos (item 1547), que reúne poetas de comprobado oficio a la par de algunos de novísima estirpe en Piura. Tres poetas de la aguerrida generación del 80, aquélla que surgió en medio del fragor del desgarramiento del país producto de la guerra interna, brillan con sendas recopilaciones de sus textos. José Antonio Mazzotti entrega una nueva edición (peruana) de su celebrada colección El zorro y la luna (item 1570), que recibió el importante premio cubano Casa de las Américas (2018). En este libro, los lectores podrán situar la trayectoria literaria del autor que va desde el coloquialismo de sus orígenes hasta el perfi l neobarroco de su escritura actual. El prolífico Roger Santiváñez, protagonista junto con Mazzotti en las andanzas del contestatario Movimiento Kloaka (1982–84), hace acto de presencia con Ofertorio (item 1578), una

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antología personal de notable calibre. Eduardo Chirinos (1960–2016), compañero de ruta de los dos vates anteriores, resume 20 años de labor creativa en Demasiado frío para ser primavera (item 1552), un volumen cuyos versos, dotados de un fuego redentor, derriten las gélidas temperaturas del estado norteamericano de Montana. Estos tres poetas conjugan el dominio de la esfera estética con el rigor crítico, al abordar el hecho poético premunidos de un manejo erudito de la tradición literaria universal. En el umbral del siglo XXI, cuando los niveles gubernamentales de corrupción, miseria moral, autoritarismo e impunidad (producto del régimen dictatorial fujimorista) se elevaban exponencialmente, y en un contexto donde lo poético se caracterizaba por el individualismo de propuestas aisladas, el grupo Inmanencia (1998) irrumpe en la escena literaria capitalina para contrarrestar esta debacle nacional. Frente a los imperativos consumistas de la economía neoliberal, este colectivo propuso retornar a manifestaciones primordiales que unieran al ser humano, por vía del ritual, con un referente mítico fundacional. Tras cuatro lustros, una tríada de inmanentes, quienes continuaron sus carreras literarias en solitario, publican valiosos poemarios que atestiguan la vitalidad de su compromiso irrestricto con la poesía. En Regreso a Big Sur (item 1595), Enrique Bernales identifica corrientes de deseo subterráneas que surcan una geografía colosal, que comprende los parajes sudamericanos de Machu Picchu y el volcán Chimborazo hasta las torrentosas playas del Pacífico en la costa suroeste estadounidense. En Materia oscura (item 1647), Carlos Villacorta diseña un trayecto poético que involucra candentes elementos que redefi nen el entendimiento de la memoria histórica peruana al confrontar, en carne viva, las secuelas de la violencia política de fi nes del siglo pasado. Florentino Díaz, en su polifacético poemario, Danza para las calles que tiemblan (item 1605), ejecuta una simbiosis entre lo verbal y lo teatral, enfatizando el rol performativo que la expresión corporal adquiere en el campo literario. Independientemente de la fi liación grupal, algunas propuestas singulares merecen destacarse. El historiador José Carlos Agüero, hijo de militantes senderistas ejecutados extrajudicialmente por las fuerzas armadas durante el período de violencia política (1980–2000), otorga un complejo poemario titulado Enemigo (item 1590), cuya temática inspecciona la dicotomía que emerge al tratar de separar los límites de lo ético y lo familiar. Yoshiro Chávez publica Las órdenes del ebrio (item 1599) donde un río de imágenes surrealistas se desborda para desvelar la cara oculta de la cotidianeidad. El reconocido Willy Gómez Migliaro, en Lírico puro (item 1612), persiste en una inagotable búsqueda por alcanzar un testimonio totalizador de la existencia. Por su parte, Grover González Gallardo, con su libro El sueño de las sombras (item 1614), hace gala de una destreza literaria digna de resaltar. Entre referencias cultistas y un lenguaje sobrio, su planteamiento artístico sobresale por un decantado hermetismo y una dosificada oscuridad. José Miguel Herbozo, poseedor de un Premio Nacional conferido por la Universidad Católica, es uno de los artífices más apreciados de la generación del 2000. Su libro Las ilusiones (item 1616) ha sido distinguido con menciones críticas como uno de los más relevantes del 2019. Gabriela Wiener debuta en el terreno lírico con un conjunto de poemas irreverentes, Ejercicios para el endurecimiento del espíritu (item 1649), que enjuician los patrones rígidos heredados de las buenas costumbres del status quo. Para concluir, el creador trujillano James Quiroz ha dado a la imprenta El libro de los fuegos infi nitos (item 1635), un volumen que, como su título lo indica, refuerza la metáfora de la poesía como potencia ígnea en las márgenes de un universo cada vez más proclive al agotamiento.

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El incansable itinerario poético de Antonio Cillóniz de la Guerra, un poeta etiquetado como “marginal” e “insular”, fue reconocido en el 2019 con el Premio Nacional de Literatura en el rubro poético. Hipocampo Editores había publicado anteriormente la reunión de su obra bajo el título Opus Est: poesía completa (1965–2016) (items 1553, 1554, 1555, and 1556). Vale decir que el reconocimiento a este autor, quien padeció las consecuencias del destierro político, es un signo prometedor que verifica que la valía de un escritor se mide sin importar el lugar desde donde enuncia su escritura. Los poemas de Cillóniz invitan a participar del festín supremo de la naturaleza, a contemplar el ciclo sucesivo de las estaciones, a maravillarse ante un verbo en permanente mudanza. Por lo visto, la poesía peruana mantiene su estatuto privilegiado como una de las más destacables en Latinoamérica. Esto es debido a su versatilidad, a su arriesgado diseño formal, y a su apuesta por tocar temas de relevancia social, política y cultural. [CZ] ARGENTINA, PARAGUAY, URUGUAY

Para mí, uno de los consuelos, en estos tiempos de pandemia COVID-19, ha sido el tener el privilegio de leer y disfrutar la gran riqueza poética del Cono Sur, publicada en los últimos años. De Argentina, vemos ediciones amplias de unos poetas mayores, como Fogwill (item 1561) y Oliverio Girondo (item 1563), junto a una diversidad de otros autores de diferentes edades, orígenes y estilos poéticos. En particular quisiera señalar la presencia de poetas judíos. Aunque más conocido como país católico, Argentina es uno de los países más importantes para los judíos en las Américas; tiene la tercera población judía más grande del hemisferio occidental. El judaísmo es la religión original de unos de los escritores más conocidos de Argentina, como son Ana María Shua, Alejandra Pizarnik y Luisa Futoransky; y es la religión original de varios escritores representados aquí. Estos autores traen una perspectiva cultural importante y señalan la realidad del trauma histórico. Si tomamos en cuenta la realidad histórica Argentina de la dictadura y los abusos de derechos humanos en el siglo XX, un trauma que queda presente en la memoria colectiva de todos los argentinos es la experiencia de los judíos argentinos (descendentes de migrantes con la memoria colectiva de pogromos y el Holocausto), que representa un trauma doble. Pero de este dolor se desprende una poesía fuerte, que propone actuar como un testigo de la fortaleza del espíritu humano, a pesar de adversidades terribles, un testamento de la esperanza, a pesar de la desesperación. Conocido como un país de poetas, la pequeña nación del Uruguay representa una gran cantidad de las publicaciones recibidas de la Biblioteca del Congreso en estos últimos años. Grandes volúmenes de poetas luminarios, como Ida Vitale (item 1586) y Sara de Ibáñez (item 1566), se acompañan de poemarios nuevos de poetas ilustres, como Rafael Courtoisie (item 1601), Leonardo Garet (item 1610) y el recién fallecido Washington Benavides (item 1594). Además, cada año se editan, en Uruguay, muchos libros de escritores menos conocidos, escritores jóvenes, escritores con una gran variedad de estilos y temas. Esta explosión anual de poesía uruguaya se debe, en gran medida, a los esfuerzos del editor Gustavo “Maca” Wojciechowski, director de Editorial Yaugurú, que publica una gran cantidad de títulos cada año. Los aficionados a la poesía uruguaya le debemos agradecer a esta editorial y a otras que siguen promoviendo la literatura uruguaya dentro de Uruguay y en el mundo. Desafortunadamente este año recibimos sólo un libro de Paraguay, que fue editado en República Dominicana. Puedo decir que en mi único viaje a este hermoso país, en 2006, vi muchas librerías, y la antología que recibimos es muy am-

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plia; abarca 38 autores y cubre casi un siglo de poesía paraguaya, tanto en guaraní como en castellano. En mi opinión, la falta de material paraguayo, recibido por la Biblioteca del Congreso, no señala una ausencia de actividad literaria dentro del país mismo, sino la presencia de condiciones económicas difíciles, que inhiben el contacto de escritores y editores paraguayos con el resto del mundo. Espero que más investigadores, críticos y traductores, en todo el campo internacional de Estudios Hispánicos, den más atención a la literatura diversa de este país multicultural y bilingüe. En mi proceso de seleccionar los libros que reciben anotaciones en este volumen, he tratado de representar una variedad de escritores de diversas regiones, edades y religiones, con estilos, estéticas y temas diferentes. Para mí, también es importante elevar las voces de las mujeres que globalmente siguen subrepresentadas en publicaciones y reseñas críticas. En Uruguay, que tiene una larga tradición de educación para mujeres, una poeta como Ida Vitale forma parte de una cadena (nunca rota) que se extiende desde Delmira Agustini (item 1652), a comienzos del siglo XX, hasta hoy. En Argentina existe una cadena parecida; desde Alfonisna Storni hasta hoy en día. Los poetas argentinos también recibieron mucha influencia de Uruguay, y por ello seguimos escuchando siempre más voces de mujeres y, por fi n, poco a poco, vamos hacia una equidad de género. En este momento de pandemia, las Naciones Unidas informa que las mujeres se encuentran desproporcionadamente afectadas en términos de cantidad de trabajo no pagado, acceso a la educación, y problemas de violencia doméstica. Por esa razón, me parece especialmente importante elevar las voces de escritoras en este momento histórico tan complicado. [JMP]

ANTHOLOGIES

1546 Antología de poesía paraguaya. Compilación y selección de Bernardo Neri Farina, Susy Delgado y Javier Viveros. Santo Domingo: Editora Nacional, 2017. 395 p.: bibl. (Paraguái ñe’e¯; 1) Esta antología de la poesía paraguaya fue preparada para la Feria Internacional del Libro de 2017, en Santo Domingo, Republica Dominicana, para la cual Paraguay fue el invitado de honor. Preparada con mucho cuidado, esta antología incluye poemas de 38 autores y es la más comprensiva que he visto hasta este momento. Cubre casi un siglo de poesía paraguaya, desde luminarios de mediados del siglo XX, como Josefi na Plá y Hérib Campos Cervera, hasta poetas contemporáneos, como Giselle Caputo y Mauro Lugo. Más importante, incluye poesía en los dos idiomas oficiales de Paraguay: castellano y guaraní. Según los editores, el guaraní, uno de 20 lenguas indígenas en Paraguay, se considera un idioma mestizado: “’Minorizada pero mayoritaria’ es una descripción que suena un tanto contradic-

toria, pero que ha sido estrictamente real, que alude a una situación que solo empezó a cambiar en las últimas décadas, con algunas conquistas importantes alcanzadas por los defensores de esta lengua” (p. 11). Estos logros incluyen la oficialización en 1992, reformas que han promovido la educación bilingüe al fi n del último siglo, y la creación reciente de una Academia de la Lengua Guaraní. Es bueno ver una antología que refleja la realidad bilingüe de Paraguay; sin embargo, este es solamente un comienzo, y será bueno ver más publicaciones futuras que reflejen la diversidad linguística del continente sudamericano. Véase tambien 1504. [JMP]

1547 Ausente ardor de arena & algarrobos: antología de la poesía piurana contemporánea. Compilación de Miguel Ángel Hernández Sandoval. Edición de Jaime Gamarra Zapata. Contribuciones de Marco Martos et al. Lima: Editorial El Búho, 2017. 167 p.: ill. Piura constituye una propicia región para obtener material poético: el arenal

402 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 candente del desierto de Sechura se complementa con las playas del litoral costero. Esta compilación, que se justifica como “contingente y subjetiva,” no pretende proveer una muestra completa de la lírica norteña, ni mucho menos colocar un lente académico o especializado sobre la actividad de sus autores. Simplemente se recogen voces atendibles que oscilan desde poetas reconocidos en su oficio (Martos, Santiváñez, Alarcón, Arteaga, García, entre otros) hasta los novísimos y prometedores (aunque todos con, al menos, un libro publicado en su haber) Gil, Casanova, Bruno y Cruz. Un aporte significativo para impulsar la descentralización de la literatura peruana, dando a conocer, entre sorbos de chicha y trozos de ceviche de “kaballa,” propuestas que circulan entre la mirada paisajística y el asombro ante la irrupción de las modernas tecnologías. [CZ]

1548 Bonnett, Piedad. 40 poemas. Medellín, Colombia: Editorial Universidad de Antioquia, 2017. 66 p. (Colección Contemporáneos) This collection provides readers with a poet-selected and curated anthology of the established poet, novelist and dramatist’s previous poetic work, in a key moment of Colombia’s history, one that has seemed to “hacernos más sombrios,” but has also offered the poet, in her words, some serenity in hope for the future. The poems here are indeed dark; rooted in the visual imagery of night, silence, and disillusion. [EGN] 1549 Castrillo, Mario. La generación comprometida: homenaje de la Universidad de El Salvador. San Salvador: Imprenta Universitaria—Universidad de El Salvador, 2016. 191 p.: bibl., ill. La generación comprometida: homenaje de la Universidad de El Salvador is an anthology that brings together the work of 20 writers (only two of them women) who began writing in the 1950s as students at the Universidad de El Salvador. In the selection (poetry, short fiction, and essay) that makes up the anthology, we see how these authors address the sociopolitical conditions of the country. Some of the best-known names are Manlio Argueta, Tirso Canales, and Roque Dalton. The anthology includes an introduction by Mario Castrillo that contextualizes the movement and offers a brief critique; a

selection of work by each writer; and brief author biographies. [RMP]

1550 Cazón Vera, Fernando. La tempestad del laberinto: antología. Selección de Xavier Oquendo. Prólogo de Sonia Manzano. Quito: El Ángel Editor, 2016. 194 p. (Colección Monstruos) La antología reúne poemas seleccionados por Xavier Oquendo de los siguientes poemarios del celebrado periodista y poeta: Las canciones salvadas, Manicomio 1962, El extraño, El hijo pródigo, Libro de las paradojas, Rompecabezas, Ese amor también llamamos muerte, Este pequeño mundo y La pájara pinta. Sonia Manzano indica en su prólogo que para Cazón Vera, la muerte y el amor son los temas predilectos. También se siente en el conjunto de poemas un cuestionamiento de la cordura ante lo que tiene que sufrir el ser humano. Y, hacia el fi nal, existe una aceptación del más hondo de los vacíos, del polvo, de la nada y del olvido, pero escrito con una lucidez que quedará grabada en la memoria del lector: “me olvido que estoy muerto/ [. . .]me olvido que me olvido/ y te vuelvo a encontrar en la memoria” (p. 194). [JRB] 1551 Chávez Casazola, Gabriel. Légamo y luz. Guadalajara, Mexico: Mantis Editores, Luis Armenta Malpica, 2017. 84 p. (Otras tradiciones) Esta antología de Chávez Casazola recoge obras de varios de los seis poemarios escritos previamente por el poeta. Se trata de la contemplación del artista ante las influencias históricas y culturales que lo influyen. La primera sección de la antología incluye varios poemas que visitan el pasado de una manera explícita utilizando hasta años específicos: 1972, 1987, los años 50, etc. Se trata la poetización de un momento en la historia donde el poeta, el artista, contempla y rescribe. Luego surgen otras influencias que incluyen distintos discursos, intertextos, géneros, la globalización, la influencia estadounidense en nuestras culturas, etc. La publicación de esta obra por la Secretaría de Cultura de México y su amplitud cultural se ven reflejadas en las palabras de Marco Antonio Campos, quien escribe en la cubierta poemario que Chávez “es un poeta boliviano, pero pudo nacer en cualquier lado.” [JRB]

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1552 Chirinos Arrieta, Eduardo. Demasiado frío para ser primavera: (poemas 1993–2013). Matanzas, Cuba: Ediciones Matanzas, 2015. 199 p. (Los molinos. Poesía) Esta sustanciosa compilación reúne dos décadas literarias de este consagrado poeta de la generación del 80, uno de los denominados “tres tristes tigres” de la Universidad Católica de Lima. Entre el coloquialismo y la reflexividad, estos poemas ahondan en los vericuetos de la existencia, el amor y la muerte. Tal vez porque se ubican a miles de kilómetros de su oriunda Lima, los textos escritos en Missoula, Montana, adquieren especial significación. Entre reservas indias, bisontes, nieve, montañas y la escenificación de una película de Hitchcock, el lector es testigo de las peripecias de un sujeto sumido en la extrañeza y la soledad de los que se arriesgan a habitar este tipo de comarcas: “Nadie hay en las calles. Los dioses / lo han abandonado / (ese muchachito lo ha dejado solo) / y el sueño tarda en volver.” [CZ] 1553 Cillóniz de la Guerra, Antonio. Opus est: poesía completa (1965–2016). v. 1, Mañanas de primavera. Lima: Hipocampo Editores, 2016. 1 v. (Serie de Poesía Cavalts Armats) Cillóniz posee una importante trayectoria poética que comprende más de medio siglo. El influyente crítico José Miguel Oviedo lo calificó como poeta “marginal” porque su poesía no encajaba dentro de los patrones discursivos del coloquialismo de la generación del 70. Por eso que Cillóniz prefiere denominarse a sí mismo como perteneciente a la generación del 68. Este primer volumen de su obra lírica completa publicada hasta 2016 incluye una serie de colecciones entre las que destacan Verso vulgar (1968), Después de caminar cierto tiempo hacia el Este (1971), Una noche en el caballo de Troya (1987). Los temas son variados, la maestría verbal es reflejo de un minucioso trabajo con la urdimbre del lenguaje: “Una palabra de más / y hallaremos / perdida la esperanza.” [CZ] 1554 Cillóniz de la Guerra, Antonio. Opus est: poesía completa (1965–2016). v. 2, Mediodías del verano. Lima: Hipocampo Editores, 2016. 1 v. (Serie de Poesía Cavalts Armats)

Aunque este segundo volumen de la obra completa de Cillóniz se agrupa en torno a la tutela radiante del sol veraniego, los poemas hacen constantes alusiones a sentimientos oscurecidos por experiencias adversas, como el exilio y el desengaño amoroso. Podría argumentarse, también, que la luz y la sombra son las dos mitades necesariamente complementarias de una misma unidad vital: “La sombra viene y la luz se va. / Vuelve la luz y quédanse las sombras.” El desarraigo del país natal, que el poeta experimentó desde muy joven, dejó profundas huellas de desazón que se transfieren en una expresión literaria colindante con la luminosidad y lo borroso. [CZ]

1555 Cillóniz de la Guerra, Antonio. Opus est: poesía completa (1965–2016). v. 3, Tardes de otoño. Lima: Hipocampo Editores, 2016. 1 v. (Serie de Poesía Cavalts Armats) Este tercer ejemplar de la colección muestra los efectos del cambio en la naturaleza bajo la luz tamizada del paisaje otoñal. La mudanza de lo efímero se conjuga con patrones duraderos. Así, las cavilaciones sobre el tiempo inciden en sus diversas facetas: pasar, volver, permanecer. Cada elemento natural posee su contraparte en la configuración de lo existente. Asimismo, destaca la preocupación del autor por temas políticos a escala global y por encontrar maneras, desde la poesía, de proponer caminos hacia la justicia social. El deslumbrante poema “Cantoral de la Doctrina Monroe,” del libro Victoriosos vencidos, ilustra la ruina moral y material de aquellos que se regodean en la soberbia del poder. El destino del todopoderoso, que es indiferente a quienes sufren sus atropellos, es paradójico: “el triunfo fi nal con que comienzan las derrotas.” [CZ] 1556 Cillóniz de la Guerra, Antonio. Opus est: poesía completa (1965–2016). v. 4, Noches del invierno. Lima: Hipocampo Editores, 2016. 1 v. (Serie de Poesía Cavalts Armats) Este inagotable periplo verbal de casi mil páginas arriba a lejanas regiones oscuras surcadas por el frío de quien se siente cercano al fi nal del viaje de la vida. Sin embargo, la expresión poética mantiene una vitalidad y un aliento que la empuja a continuar indagando sobre la naturaleza

404 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 de lo estético. La sección En ausencia de las musas constituye un ejemplo de una renovada curiosidad por entender la elusiva relación entre el lenguaje y la realidad que éste nombra: “Ah, las palabras más maravillosas / que no consiguen darme / el alma de las cosas.” Si predomina el desencanto ante la certeza de la fi nitud, también se destila un resquicio de confianza en la capacidad lírica para comunicar un mensaje humano de resistencia ante el infortunio. [CZ]

1557 Darío, Rubén. Los raros; y Prosas profanas y otros poemas. Edición, estudio preliminar y notas de Álvaro Salvador Jofre y Gracia María Morales Ortiz. Madrid: Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, 2017. 510 p.: bibl. (Clásicos hispanoamericanos; 6) This collection includes two of Ruben Darío’s books, Los raros and Prosas profanas y otros poemas, both published in 1896. The fi rst is a collection of essays and the latter is a collection of poetry. Los raros explores and engages with the literary production of the poètes maudits, while Prosas profanes is one of the fi rst expressions of modernism in the Spanish-speaking world. The latter incorporates reflections on music, art, eroticism, and love. The collection is accompanied by an introductory study by the editors, which includes information on Darío, his life, and his influences, modernism, as well as a comprehensive bibliography on the poet and his work. [RMP] 1558 De ahí nomás: poesía actual de Centroamérica y del Caribe. Selección de Timo Berger y Juan Hernández. Bahía Blanca, Argentina: Vox Senda, 2013. 140 p. This collection was issued by Ediciones Vox, a small independent outfit in Argentina that specializes in small-run and artisanal editions of books and book objects. It includes poetry by living authors (including Indigenous and Black writers) from Central America and the Caribbean, the majority born after 1960. What sets this poetry apart is that it reflects on contemporary life in the two regions and moves away from previous literary trends and movements (particularly in Central America) that concerned themselves with bringing to light social justice issues. [RMP]

1559 Estrada de Ramírez, Aurora. El hombre que pasa: antología poética. Quito: Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, 2017. 192 p. (Colección El almuerzo del solitario. Antología lírica del Ecuador; 3) Esta importante obra reúne los poemas completos de la autora de Los Ríos (1903–67). La poesía de Estrada de Ramírez se encuentra fi rmemente anclada entre el modernismo y el vanguardismo. Es la primera publicación no académica de sus poemas completos e incluye los siguientes poemarios: Como el incienso (1925), Debajo de la mirada de Dios (1925), Tiniebla (1943), Nuestro canto (1929), de Cometas al viento (sin fecha), Hora cero (1951), Fatum (1951) y una sección de poesía dispersa. Algunos de estos poemarios son inéditos y la colección es brevemente comentada por Rosario A’Lmea Suárez que invita a una crítica más profunda de la obra habiéndola publicado ya en su totalidad. [JRB] 1560 Ferreyros, Carlos Enrique. Obra poética. Lima: Ricardo Angulo Basombrío, Editor, 2016. 214 p.: bibl. Cronológicamente, Ferreyros pertenece a la emblemática generación del 50, aunque su nombre no sea citado a menudo al referirse a este período. Este libro supone, entonces, un pertinente rescate de una voz singular y merecedora de mayor difusión. Se recogen textos escritos (y algunos publicados) en las décadas de 1940 y 1950; se cuenta que el autor abandonó la literatura, por razones políticas, en los años 60. Destaca su virtuosismo en la confección de sonetos, donde aborda una temática variada que propaga ecos del maestro en el género: Martín Adán; a este respecto, sobresalen sus reelaboraciones de la imagen de la “rosa” como la más excelsa señal de la belleza artística. Además del énfasis en el nivel estético del lenguaje, los poemas revelan un hondo compromiso social que recuerda al Neruda del Canto general: “El hombre [. . .] se precipita en los acontecimientos. / Es Juan, es Pedro, el labrador o el minero.” [CZ] 1561 Fogwill, Rodolfo Enrique. Poesía completa. Buenos Aires: Alfaguara, 2016. 473 p. El poeta argentino Fogwill (1941– 2010), que prefiere ser nombrado por su

Literature: Spanish America: Poetry: Anthologies / 405 apellido solamente, ha sido descrito como uno de los escritores argentinos más irreverentes del siglo XX. Al mirar su obra completa—que reune sus seis libros y uno previamente inédito—se ve su crítica social constante: “Fealdad de Menem / de Kirchner / de Alfonsín. / Delgadez de Videla / enjuto fraude del capital” (p. 439) dice al principio del poema “Los horribles” de su última colección pósthuma, apropiadamente titulada “Gente muy fea.” Del mismo libro se encuentra una oda a George W. Bush: “Jefe de lo imposible / Mártir de la imposibilidad. / Engordas cerdos en tu rancho / y rezas por las noches a un dios imaginado / parecido a tu padre” (p. 458). Aunque este tono áspero es una constante de su obra, también se encuentra humor y compasión por los marginalizados de la sociedad—una visión tragicómica de la condición humana: “Sólo la risa de la loca / cerca del basural más triste / del barrio más triste / de la ciudad más triste / solamente esa risa de la loca [. . .] acompañaba el parto de las solitarias / y la tristeza de las solitarias” (p. 46). [JMP]

1562 Fontán, Andrea. Lejos todavía. Buenos Aires: Vinciguerra, 2014. 91 p. (Colección Metáfora) A pesar de los esfuerzos, todos hemos sentido alguna vez que estábamos (o estamos) ‘lejos todavía’. Las oportunidades perdidas o desaprovechadas, el tiempo que no fue, el des-tiempo, sobrevuelan en muchas páginas” dice el crítico Osvaldo Rossi en la cubierta posterior de este libro de la poeta argentina Andrea Fontán. Esta es, para mí, un buen resumen de este poemario ecléctico. De una manera agridulce y hermosa, Fontán capta varias realidades de la experiencia humana al nivel individual con ecos del trauma histórico: “aquí / desde siempre / tenemos sed / de musas de un rumbo calmo / de un vórtice que lo resuma todo / y nos entregue / luego / a un tiempo sonoro cascabel concierto de sentido / a un campo verde pintado a trazo grueso / donde dejarnos estar / lejos del pasado y sus preguntas” (p. 19). [JMP] 1563 Girondo, Oliverio. Oliverio al alcance de todos. Prefacio de Luis de Bergara. Prólogo de Edgardo Dobry. Barcelona: Trampa Ediciones, 2018. 414 p.: ill.

Conocido por sus juegos y experimentaciones con el lenguaje, Oliverio Girondo (1891–1967) fue uno de los poetas argentinos más influyentes del siglo XX, un artista cuyo impacto se siente en las letras hispánicas hasta hoy. En este volumen se reune su poesía completa, de su primer libro “Veinte poemas para ser leídos en el tranvía” (1922) hasta “En la másmedula” (1963) y, al fi nal, unos poemas previamente inéditos. Se puede ver la gran variedad de su estilo, desde poemas líricos hasta poemas en prosa y poemas visuales. La edición se enriquece por la inclusión de fotos personales del autor (incluso varias con su esposa, la narradora Norah Lange) y las ilustraciones que hizo para algunos de sus libros. Girondo se conoce por su humor, su ironía, su enfoque en temas urbanos en vez de pastorales (algo muy innovador en su tiempo) y su atención al sonido de las palabras: “Llorar como un cacuy, como un cocodrilo. . .si es verdad que los cacuíes y los cocodrilios no dejan nunca de llorar [. . .] Llorar de amor, de hastío, de alegría. Llorar de frac, de glato, de flacura. Llorar improvisando, de memoria. Llorar todo el insomnio y todo el día!” (p. 179). [JMP]

1564 Glanzmann, Cecilia. Obra poética, 1987–2017. Buenos Aires: Vinciguerra, 2018. 498 p. (Colección Textos elegidos. Poesía; 24) Este gran volumen abarca 11 libros de Cecilia Glanzmann, poeta nacida en Córdoba, Argentina, que desde 1972 reside en Chubut, Patagonia. Estos poemas exploran temas de amor, familia, espiritualidad y un sentido de pertenecer a un lugar. Tal vez el libro más interesante de la colección es “Juglares del silencio” (2009), un homenaje a la comunidad históricamente tehuelche y desde 1865 también galesa. Para Glanzmann, este lugar es su hogar adoptado, y lo describe con reverencia y amor: “En esta tierra de horizontes puros / escarchado en silencio. . . / musicales las voces de los siglos, / las preguntas tensan la cuerda del tiempo / hay espacio para ser” (p. 193). La poeta colaboró con tres traductores— Owen Tydur Jones, Cecilia Águila y Lulú Colombo—para publicar un libro en cuatro idiomas: español, portugués, galés e inglés. Es un esfuerzo impresionante, pero es una lástima que no haya colaborado con un traductor tehuelche también. [JMP]

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1565 Helguero, Lorenzo. Las voces aquí reunidas: antología personal (1993– 2015). Lima: Paracaídas Editores, 2017. 138 p.: ill. (Serie Dédalo dormido) Helguero es uno de los poetas más identificables entre los que animaron la escena literaria limeña en la década de 1990. Su dicción se caracteriza por la ironía y la desfachatez con que aborda sus composiciones. En este libro, su advertencia preliminar es sintomática, y echa luces sobre el título de la obra: “No tengo una voz, sino varias. No una voz, sino voces.” Esto se constata en los variados registros que emplea para expresarse: desde el antisoneto, en consonancia con Martín Adán, de Sapiente lengua, hasta las prosas girondinas de Boletos, pasando por la impronta lorquiana de Poeta en Wash ington D.C. y la raigambre cinéfi la de 35 milímetros. De este último se distinguen estos versos que defi nirían la poética del autor: “Soy / un engendro de máscaras, / una palabra sin voz y sin orillas / un ojo herido buscando la ceguera.” [CZ] 1566 Ibáñez, Sara de. Sara de Ibáñez: poesía completa. Edición de Luca Salvi. Montevideo: Biblioteca Nacional de Uruguay, 2017. 596 p.: bibl., ill. En este volumen impresionante, se reunen los 10 libros de poesía de Sara de Ibáñez (1909–71): siete publicados durante su vida y tres publicados póstumamente. Esta compilación revela la verdadera virtuosidad de una poeta uruguaya del siglo XX que, en mi opinión, hasta ahora no ha recibido el reconocimiento que merece. Desde su primer libro, Canto (1940), de Ibáñez se destacó por su lirismo, su uso de imágenes sorprendientes y su uso preciso de rima y ritmo, características heredadas de los modernistas y posmodernistas de las primeras décadas del siglo XX. En su prólogo a Canto, Pablo Neruda describió a de Ibáñez como una poeta “grande, excepcional y cruel” (p. 13). Esta colección nos permite ver su desarrollo y la madurez de su obra. Temas importantes incluyen la geografía y la historia del Uruguay, la herencia católica de su cultura y la relación constante y precaria entre la vida y la muerte. Para mí, el libro más sobresaliente de este volumen es Apocalipsis XX, originalmente publicado en 1970, que, en la tradición de San Juan, ofrece una visión horrorosa y sublime de la realidad: “Vi a los

sabios borrados / por el otoño de las sacras iras. / Vi sus lenguas de llama / sumidas en los reales pudrideros. / Vi levantarse entre las hierbas verdes / su lámpara en la mano de los muertos” (p. 349). [JMP]

1567 Jaramillo González, Samuel. Altavoz rescatado del Titánic: poesía reunida, 1973–2014. Prólogo de Fernando Denis. Bogotá: Uniediciones: Casa de Poesía Silva, 2017. 388 p. (Colección Zenócrate) This collection brings together five decades of the work of Jaramillo González, known for his expression of deep emotion. As described by the poet Cobo Borda, the work of Jaramillo González is a “nervio abierto a la luz” described and displayed in prose poetry over the decades. The verse here covers periods of the sparse minimalism displayed by many contemporary poets as well as more conversational works. [EGN] 1568 MacDonald Woolery, Delia and Shirley Campbell Barr. Palabras indelebles de poetas negras. Compilación de Carlos Morera Beita. Heredia, Costa Rica: EUNA, Editorial Universidad Nacional, 2018. 96 p. Palabras indelebles de poetas negras, compiled by Carlos Moreira Beita, is a collection of poetry by two Afro-Costa Rican poets, Delia McDonald Woolery and Shirley Campbell Barr. The anthology was published as part of Costa Rica’s celebration of the UN’s International Decade for People of African Descent (2015–2024). Both authors write from their lived experience as Black women in Costa Rica. The verses are rich and beautiful, with many reflections about Black identity, history, and place. [RMP] 1569 Márquez, Miguel. Creyones sobre el asfalto: (diario de poeta). Venezuela: Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Cultura, 2016. 96 p. Miguel Márquez, in the late 1980s, formed part of the transgressive Venezuelan poetry group Tráfico, authors whose manifesto proclaimed the necessity of bringing poetry back to the people. This populist bent led Márquez to become a staunch supporter of Chávez and to form a key part of the Chavista cultural apparatus. Indeed, Márquez helped found the governmentsponsored publishing entity El Perro y La Rana and became its fi rst director. Here,

Literature: Spanish America: Poetry: Anthologies / 407 Márquez continues to offer a conversational type of verse, each poem a snapshot of the daily life of the poet. [EGN]

1570 Mazzotti, José Antonio. El zorro y la luna: poemas reunidos 1981–2016. Segunda edición. Lima: Hipocampo Editores, 2018. 308 p. Esta compilación recibió el Premio Inter nacional de Poesía “José Lezama Lima”, concedido por la institución cubana Casa de las Américas en 2018, y agrupa casi toda la producción poética del autor, comprendida desde Poemas no recogidos en libro (1981) hasta Apu Kalypso: palabras de la bruma (2015). Con este galardón, Mazzotti, poeta ligado a las trincheras contestatarias del Movimiento Kloaka, se afianza como una de las voces fundamentales del panorama lírico contemporáneo en Latinoamérica y como un escritor versátil cuyo compromiso con la renovación del lenguaje es insoslayable. Destaca su trabajo con el registro rítmico de los versos, así como la muestra de un vasto repertorio expresivo que recorre rutas conversacionales (un caso notable es el famoso “Yegua es la hembra del caballo”) y se proyecta hacia la exuberante musicalidad de la dicción neobarroca. La impronta de los textos, como el título sugiere, se nutre de una dinámica cosmovisión andina. [CZ] 1571 Medina, Bethoven. Edición extraordinaria: antología general de la poesía en La Libertad (1918–2018). Trujillo, Peru: Fondo Editorial Municipal de la Municipalidad Provincial de Trujillo, 2018. 437 p. (Serie: Identidad) El prolífico poeta y promotor cultural, Bethoven Medina, destaca en su labor de antólogo. Esta voluminosa muestra resume un siglo de poesía publicada en La Libertad, cuna de César Vallejo y del Grupo Norte, y una de las regiones más relevantes del Perú, en términos literarios. Cabe resaltar que Medina comenzó a gestar este ambicioso proyecto en 1982. El programa del libro no sigue una temática específica, sino que presenta los textos atendiendo al año en que vieron la luz. El autor, obviando los criterios de otras antologías que agrupan a los poetas por generaciones, prefiere reunirlos en “promociones” divididas por décadas (1920, 1930, etc.). Esto se justifica arguyendo que la brecha generacional deviene antojadiza

ya que los escritores “no usan un mismo lenguaje ni han tenido una postura política y cultural homogénea.” Noventa y un poetas han sido incluidos (75 hombres y 16 mujeres), una pluralidad que subraya la vigencia de la lírica liberteña. [CZ]

1572 Milán, Eduardo. Suramen: en el sentido de velamen: una antología, 2004–2011. Rada Tilly, Argentina: Espacio Hudson, 2013. 199 p. Esta colección se compone de selecciones de varios poemas del poeta uruguayo Eduardo Milán (n. 1952), por muchos años radicado en México. Según el crítico Antonio Ochoa, la poesía de este autor “coloca a quien habla en los poemas y a quien los lee, en un territorio donde es posible ver los dos mundos: el mundo del hombre y de la tierra, del escenario y del afuera, de lo interno y de lo externo” (p. 14). Estos poemas son sermones laicos que buscan despertar nuestra consciencia a la injusticia y llamarnos a actuar: “no sólo se muerte de hambre / también de infelicidad / desde siempre han querido / reducirlo todo al mínimo / esplendor, cardo-cactus, que no enciende / y que no enciende—quemados por temor al fuego—/ América Latina, antes África /—América rica, interior indica / África negra, no quimera—/ sempreinfancia / carencia con diamente / dame-dame” (p. 129). [JMP] 1573 Olea, Fernando. Antología personal: (1997–2016). Lima: Gremio de Escritores del Perú, 2017. 121 p. En estos poemas predominan múltiples escenificaciones del motivo amoroso, aunque el poeta ha preferido desplegar una lengua desfachatada para huir de la solemnidad romántica. La irreverencia con que se aborda el amor se extiende hacia otros temas tratados, como la inestabilidad psíquica en un contexto no propicio para expresar sin tapujos los más íntimos deseos personales: “La camisa de fuerza que tengo es elástica.” A pesar del aparente descuido al componer los textos, que parecen dejados al juego libre del azar verbal, se nota el cuidado puesto en el trabajo poético: “Quería hacerte el poema sin preguntas, y todos los signos / de puntuación se me rebelan, menos los puntos suspensivos.” Lo más logrado del conjunto son los 10 “mandamientos” (instrucciones) para suicidarse, donde la vena irónica

408 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 alcanza una lucidez que radiografía la angustia del momento. [CZ]

1574 Pájaros de sombra: diecisiete poetas colombianas (1989–1964). Selección y prólogo de Andrea Cote. Madrid: Vaso Roto Ediciones, 2019. 295 p.: bibl. (Vaso Roto Poesía; 136) This collection of 17 female Colombian poets offers a wide look at the work of younger women (born 1964–89) writing in the nation. While the poems in the collection run the gamut from sparse minimalist verse to short prose poems, the work here collected follows the avant-garde, surrealistic, and nihilistic tone seen in other recent Colombian works. María Gómez Lara’s (1989-) image of “la luz inútil,” for example is echoed in Gloriana Susana Esquivel’s (1985- ) striking imagery of dangerous, toxic butterfl ies. [EGN] 1575 El quetzal, colibrí gigante: antología de poesía guatemalteca. Selección y notas de Enrique Noriega. Santo Domingo: Editora Nacional, 2018. 461 p. (Colección Homenaje) An anthology published by the Ministerio de Cultura de la República Dominicana commemorating Guatemala as the Invited Country of Honour at the annual Feria Internacional del Libro Santo Domingo. Enrique Noriega’s selection is an excellent survey of the best-known poets in the country, starting with the preinvasion text, the Popol wuj or Popol vuh, and ending with contemporary poets who were born in the late 80s. Of note in this anthology is the inclusion of important women authors (Ana María Rodas, Vania Vargas, and Isabel de los Ángeles Ruano, to name a few), Maya voices (Popol vuh, Memorial de Sololá, Francisco Morales Santos, Sabino Esteban Francisco, and Evelyn Macario), and Garífuna poet, Wingston González. [RMP] 1576 Raíz Cúbica: la antología. Edición de Alberto Alarcón. Trujillo, Peru: Casa Nuestra Editores, 2019. 321 p. Compilación que reúne poemas de cuatro miembros del colectivo cajamarquino Raíz Cúbica, fundado a fi nes de la década de 1970. Se incluye a Manuel Alcalde Palomino, Ángel Gavidia Ruiz, Fransiles Gallardo y Bethoven Medina Sánchez. Este volumen fomenta la urgente descentraliza-

ción de la poesía peruana al visibilizar voces que otorgan una perspectiva más completa sobre la producción lírica del 70, expandiendo el panorama más allá de la hegemonía del grupo Hora Zero. Alcalde exhibe una dicción diáfana, minimalista, cuyas imágenes vuelan libres como cantos de aves al amanecer. Gavidia reflexiona sobre la soledad, esbozando espacios para el diálogo esencial entre los elementos naturales. Gallardo compara el trabajo poético con la labor de un “ebanista” que labra paciente y eficazmente los vocablos. Medina hace gala de su oficio en la intensa elegía a la madre, quien alumbra con su “ternura mundial” vallejiana la existencia del hijo, heredero de su legado perdurable. [CZ]

1577 Sánchez Garrafa, Rodolfo. Desde el Morro Solar. Lima: Pájaros en los Cables Editores, 2017. 110 p.: ill. (Serie Tornasol) La mayoría de estos poemas provienen de los anteriores libros del autor y han sido escogidos por sus referencias al asunto marino. El escenario predilecto es la franja costera que conecta el Morro Solar (Chorrillos) y el balneario de La Punta; esta zona se personifica a semejanza de una curvada espalda femenina. El vocabulario se organiza en torno a un campo semántico unificado por referencias acuáticas (muelles, acantilados, playas, olas, remolinos, bahías). Asistimos a recreaciones de la rutina de los pescadores, ávidos por coger algún tollo o tramboyo que corone su faena. Entre sus redes, el tiempo se desacelera y el poeta verbaliza el paisaje abundante del litoral, lejos de la vorágine animalesca (“fauna cotidiana”) de la urbe. En sus arenas protectoras, el espacio marítimo es acogedor como un regazo elemental: “Chorrillos es una flor blanca de tallo rojo / Su núcleo pantanoso cobija a los míos / Con amor de madre.” [CZ] 1578 Santiváñez, Roger. Ofertorio: antología poética personal. Semblanza de José Carlos Yrigoyen. Lima: Hipocampo Editores, 2018. 144 p. Santiváñez, uno de los más representativos poetas latinoamericanos actuales, ofrece a sus fieles y nuevos lectores, una muestra personal (titulada con tintes vallejianos) que agrupa un puñado de poemas brillantes elegidos de su vasta obra que abarca más de 40 años. Esta antología

Literature: Spanish America: Poetry: Anthologies / 409 no sigue patrones cronológicos, sino que se organiza sobre la base de cuatro pilares que edifican la producción lírica del autor: conversacional, neobarroco, arte poética, rock. Impresiona la diversidad de registros expresivos utilizados, desde los fraseos coloquiales hasta la exploración de una “poesía del lenguaje,” pasando por el arriesgado calco del habla lumpenesca de las barriadas de Lima. Igualmente, el paisaje geográfico es grandioso: el lector participa de la sosegada vida idílica del terruño de infancia y adolescencia (Piura), así como de la convulsa atmósfera limeña de las últimas décadas del siglo pasado, y aterriza, a lomos de un portentoso dirigible verbal, en las riberas del río Cooper, en New Jersey South, donde el eterno “chico que se declaraba con la mirada” ha establecido su refugio en pos de ninfas modernas y arcadias rebosantes de belleza que encauzan sus presentes búsquedas lingüísticas. [CZ]

1579 Sotomayor, Áurea María. Operación funámbula: antología personal (1973– 2018). Madrid: Amargord, 2019. 560 p. Áurea María Sotomayor es una de las voces poéticas más prolíficas de la Promoción de los 70 en Puerto Rico y su obra ha sido incluida en muchas antologías en América Latina. Como poeta ha publicado los libros Sitios de la memoria, La gula de la tinta, Rizoma, Diseño del ala, Cuerpo nuestro y Artes poéticas, entre otros. En Puerto Rico también fue cofundadora de las revistas de orientación cultural, literaria y teórica posmoderna Postdata, Nómada y Hotel Abismo. Su investigación se concentra en cuatro áreas principales: poesía y poética latinoamericana, derecho, justicia y derechos humanos en un contexto literario, poética caribeña y ambiental, y género y literatura femenina. Ha traducido The Bounty de Derek Walcott y ha publicado dos antologías: De lengua razón y cuerpo (1987), sobre nueve mujeres poetas contemporáneas, y Red de voces (2011). Esta summa poética de esta extraordinaria poeta y académica muestra un desarrollo sostenido, novedoso y de un cuidadoso trabajo con la lengua. [M. García-Calderon] 1580 Tovar, Manuel José. La creación y otros poemas. Edición de Leonardo García Pabón. La Paz: Plural Editores, 2015. 234 p.: bibl. (Letras fundacionales)

Esta antología de Tovar es la primera publicación de sus poemas como colección desde el siglo XIX. Editada por Leonardo García Pabón, el poemario incluye una de las obras más importantes del romanticismo boliviano, “La creación” además de 15 obras más cortas. García Pabón introduce al texto con un ensayo crítico sobre “La creación” donde subraya la importancia del contexto político de Bolivia a mediados del siglo XIX cuando Tovar escribe y publica la obra. Según el editor la poetización del génesis bíblico en verso enfatiza un anhelo del poeta en subrayar desde el catolicismo y romanticismo la creación de la república boliviana que había pasado por una inestabilidad política grave. García Pabón concluye que la obra de Tovar no sacrifica su estética con fi nes políticos y el esmero de su autor la convierten en la más larga y mejor representación del romanticismo boliviano. La obra incluye una bibliografía citada, un glosario y una bibliografía de obras publicadas por Tovar. [JRB]

1581 Vallejo Corral, Raúl. Rituales de oficio: poesía reunida, 2003–2015. Prólogo de Fernando Denis. Bogotá: Uniediciones, 2016. 286 p.: ill. (Colección Zenócrate) Esta antología reúne 4 poemarios publicados hasta el 2015 de Vallejo: Cánticos para Oriana (2003), Crónica del mestizo (2007), Missa solemnis (2008) y Mística del tabernario (2015). Incluye también una introducción al poeta por Fernando Denis y ocho textos críticos al fi nal dedicados a los poemarios de Vallejo. En conjunto la poética de Vallejo demuestra una voz única, capaz y mordaz. El autor es un peregrino textual que viaja por la tradición literaria del renacimiento, barroco, posmodernismo, etc., transformando esos lugares comunes (novelas de caballería, crónicas historiográficas, la liturgia, la cultura popular) en algo nuevo, bello y sabio. También, en general los textos demuestran el resultado de un gran espíritu contemplativo sobre los grandes temas de la poesía: el amor y la muerte—manejados con profundidad y reverencia. Hay mucha irreverencia también, trabajada con una picardía precisa. Se trata fi nalmente de un poemario profundo y complejo, pero que da verdadero gusto leer. [JRB] 1582 Vargas, Rubén. Obra poética. La Paz: Plural Editores, 2017. 213 p.: bibl.

410 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 La antología de la obra poética de Vargas, publicada dos años después de su inesperada muerte, incluye el poemario inédito Viaje a Lisboa (2007), La torre abolida (2003), Señal del cuerpo (1986) y varios poemas sueltos publicados e inéditos. La antología incluye también dos traducciones de Vargas del poema “Keeping Things Whole” de Mark Strand. Benjamín Chávez prologa la obra de Vargas con una biografía literaria del autor, periodista, catedrático y editor. La antología termina con dos “Lecturas” críticas de Eduardo Mitre y Luis H. Antezana J de la obra poética de Vargas. [JRB]

1583 Vargas, Vania. Invocación de los náufragos: antología poética. Selección de Gustavo Wojciechowski. Montevideo: Yaugurú, 2018. 53 p. (Todos los gallos están despiertos. Tercera serie; 21) This latest poetry collection by Vania Vargas is a reflection on love, life, and death and on womanhood. In many of the poems there is a looking in and out as in a mirrored image; the poetic voice regards herself and reflects on who and what she is. Overall, the collection has a strong feminine presence, be it mothers, daughters or rivals, and a sense of introspection set against the backdrop of busy, chaotic city. [RMP] 1584 Vargas Méndez, Jorge. Mañana habrá otro día: antología poética personal. San Salvador: Ediciones Venado del Bosque, 2017. 268 p. Mañana habrá otro día is a retrospective compilation of Jorge Vargas Méndez’s writing of the past 30 years (1987–2001), some of which, he points out, was inevitably lost. Many of Vargas Méndez’s poems are political, dealing with injustice, history, war, and national identity, while others are dedicated to important figures in El Salvador’s history, among them Monseñor Romero and Roque Dalton. The collection also includes reflections on love, memory, and friendship. [RMP] 1585 Vinueza, Humberto. De la voz y del silencio: poesía. Quito: Gallinazo Cantor Ediciones: Eskeletra Editorial, 2016– 2017. 2 volumes. Esta colección completa de del poeta guayaquileño se publica durante el año de su muerte. Se incluyen importantes libros del celebrado ganador de varios certámenes, incluyendo el premio nacional “Jorge Ca-

rrera Andrade” y el premio Iberoamericano “José Lezama Lima”, desde la publicación de Cerámica en la niebla (1966) hasta Constelación del instinto (2008). En conjunto la poesía de Vinueza habita un espacio único por un constante enfoque en los bordes liminales entre la palabra que nombra y lo nombrado. Esta contemplación del ser, del lenguaje y su uso subraya continuamente la importancia del proceso lingüístico en nuestros procesos de percepción, defi nición y razonamiento ante la vida misma. También hay fi losofía sobre el mundo que le tocó vivir al autor, pero siempre fi ltrada conscientemente a través de su constante autorreflexión lingüística. [JRB]

1586 Vitale, Ida. Sobrevida: antología poética. Selección y prólogo de Minerva Margarita Villarreal. Epílogo de Jessica Nieto. Granada, Spain: Esdrújula, 2016. 171 p. (Colección Diástole; 11) Hay una broma entre traductores anglófonos de la poesía uruguaya que dice que las poetas uruguayas—específicamente las poetas mujeres—no mueren. De hecho, muchas se conocen por vivir una vida larga, y este es el caso de Ida Vitale (n. 1923), miembro de la “Generación del 45,” al lado de escritores como Mario Benedetti, Juan Carlos Onetti e Idea Vilariño, que desde 1989 vive en Austin, Texas. Esta antología de una de las grandes poetas de Uruguay tal vez nos ofrece una receta para una larga vida, que consiste en una gran curiosidad, una inquietud por descubrir y saber la verdad, y un cuestionamiento constante. Vitale camina por “laberintos con toro y sueños / y teseo voraz del mito / y ariadna un día inicia / la para siempre / eterna / lectura de la verdad / que, / fabulada / circular en las aguas escapa / fija a la orilla de un comienzo / de un cerrado infi nito cerrado” (p. 141). A él que amenazarían su espléndida vitalidad, ella exhorta “No pongas rosas sobre mi nombre” (p. 94). Para Vitale, “una espina es una espina es una espina / y dura más que la rosa precaria” (p. 28). [JMP] 1587 Wiethüchter, Blanca. Obra completa. Edición de Alba María Paz Soldán, Mónica Velásquez Guzmán y Marcelo Villena Alvarado. La Paz: Fundación Cultural del Banco Central de Bolivia; Sucre, Bolivia: Archivo y Biblioteca Nacionales de Bolivia;

Literature: Poetry: Books of Verse / 411 La Paz: Embajada de la República Federal de Alemania, La Paz, 2017. 4 v.: bibl., ill. Los cuatro volúmenes recogen la poesía completa de la celebrada autora fallecida en 2004. Tomo I incluye una introducción de Mónica Velásquez Guzmán que contextualiza de manera generacional a Wiethüchter subrayando las características temáticas más comunes en su obra. Velásquez Guzmán también incluye un ensayo crítico y una bibliografía. [JRB]

1588 Zamudio, Adela. Poesía. Edición y estudio introductorio de Mónica Velásquez Guzmán y Virginia Ayllón. La Paz: Plural Editores, 2017. 283 p. (Letras fundacionales) La antología reúne toda la obra poética escrita por la venerada escritora. El ensayo introductorio de las editoras M. Velázquez Guzmán y V. Ayllón recalca la falta de lectura crítica de la poesía de la reconocida autora hasta los primeros años del siglo XXI. Surge entonces un muy buen resumen de dichos acercamientos que notan desde las influencias románticas y góticas hasta un análisis de cómo aparece el feminismo dentro de la obra de la autora. La introducción cuenta con una bibliografía de dichos estudios. [JRB] BOOKS OF VERSE

1589 Abbate, Florencia. Love song. Buenos Aires: Buenos Aires Poetry, 2014. 57 p.: ill. (Pippa passes) Con un título inglés que, con humor e ironía, sugiere todos los clichés de una canción de amor, Love Song, de Florencia Abbate, explora varios aspectos del amor romántico: deseo, anhelo, fantasía, desilusión, dolor, renuncia y alegría. “El corazón sólo tiene el tamaño de un puño,” nos advierte (p. 28). “Y sobre todo no te engañes: nunca pienses, decía mi abuelo, / que todo fue un sueño o que mintió tu oído, / no desciendas a esa estúpida esperanza” (p. 39). Abbate critica el aspecto consumista de la relaciones modernas: “Me aterroriza / la idea de que me vendan / ‘el control de tu vida amorosa.’ / Una lista de cosas para hacer en Internet: el pago fácil / comprar un sillón / buscar pareja” (p. 45). Sin embargo, a pesar de las advertencias del abuelo, esta voz poética no abandona la agridulce esperanza:

“La belleza que rara / y fugitiva / aparece en el mundo, / hace ya muchas lunas / que me alcanza / como una danza o un juego. / Y aunque el recuerdo / amargo / y la salvaje espuma / de la ira, / el naufragar me es dulce / en este mar” (p. 54). [JMP]

1590 Agüero, José Carlos. Enemigo. Lima: Intermezzo tropical, 2016. 57 p. Breve pero intenso poemario que reflexiona sobre las secuelas de la violencia política que asoló al Perú durante las dos últimas décadas del siglo pasado. Con precisión forense, armado de un lenguaje que disecciona las entrañas de un mundo traumático, el poeta expone una situación ambigua en la cual, por medio de un feroz desdoblamiento, el protagonista descubre que incuba dentro de sí mismo el germen de su propio “enemigo,” cual proyección pesadillesca de su sombra. Resulta ineludible referirse a la biografía del autor: hijo de padres senderistas asesinados en el momento más sangriento de la guerra interna. Entonces, ¿cómo expresar este dilema moral que adquiere ribetes delirantes?, ¿cómo reconciliarse con la imagen agonizante de la madre que le pide adhesión y lo conmina a no ser un “traidor”? Agüero fi naliza con más interrogantes que respuestas, tal vez porque su voz busca elevarse sobre los escombros de un “idioma muerto.” [CZ] 1591 Ak’abal, Humberto. De Ak’Abal a Ak’abal. Creación colectiva de Caja Lúdica a partir de la obra poética de Humberto Ak’abal. Guatemala: Catafi xia, 2019. 1 v. (83 p.): ill. (b/w). (Escénica poética; 11) This is book is one of Catafi xia’s poetry-on-stage productions, Escena/Poética, which brings a poet and their work to the stage. In this case, one of Guatemala’s most respected poets, Humberto Ak’abal, worked alongside Caja Lúdica, a street theater group to bring his verses to life. Sadly, Ak’abal passed away in January 2019 and was unable to see the fi nal production. With De Ak’abal a Ak’abal, readers have a chance to read the verses, the theater directions, and a short text on the creative process of the partnership, along with drawings and photographs. [RMP] 1592 Alegría, Claribel. Amor sin fi n. San Salvador: Índole Editores, 2017. 65 p. (Colección indole poética; 05)

412 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 This is Claribel Alegría’s last poem, published after winning the 2017 Reina Sofía prize for Iberoamerican poetry and just before her death in January of 2018. The book is a beautiful journey, a reflection on life and death, set against mythical figures, childhood play songs, and a continuous search for meaning. [RMP]

1593 Arias, Beatriz. Y la llovizna leve. Córdoba, Argentina: Alción Editora, 2015. 179 p. Beatriz Arias es una poeta muy consciente de la inevitabilidad y la presencia constante de la muerte en la vida: “Me moriré en una fecha exacta / que nadie recordará / como nadie recuerda / el origen de la lluvia” (p. 77). Tal vez esta consciencia de la muerte es lo que más permite que afi rme y celebre la vida con una fe en la renovación, aun al resurrección: “Canto sobre la infi nita página / que celebra pájaros y rosas [. . .] Canto hacia el mar inevitable / que me abraza con sus ecos verdes. / Canto en la resurrección del poema” (p. 117). Dedicado a la madre de la poeta, este libro se puede leer como una serie de poemas y reflexiones muy breves o como un solo poema largo. Presente en todo este poemario, hay una reverencia antes las maravillas de la vida y una gratitud que viene de haber aceptado sus límites pero con una esperanza de llegar a una realidad futura sin límites: “Entonces volveremos / a descifrar el oficio de los pájaros / bajo el lienzo azul del universo / que nos desafía” (p. 33). [JMP] 1594 Benavides, Wáshington. Durandarte, durandarte. Prólogo de Agamenón Castrillón. Montevideo: Yaugurú, 2015. 84 p. (Todos los gallos están despiertos; 16) En un viaje a Uruguay, en 2013, asistí a un taller de poesía. Fue algo que no había visto antes: poetas recitaron sus poemas y, de una manera completamente improvisada, un grupo de músicos inmediatamente los transformaron en canciones. El organizador de este taller fue Washington Benavides (1930–2017), nombrado por el crítico Ángel Rama como miembro de la Generación Crítica que desafió la dictadura de Juan María Bordaberry, a través de su escritura y, en el caso de Benavides, su música. Este libro es un homenaje a la tradición de música foclórica—de los trovadores medievales

hasta Bob Dylan—que este último estima tanto. Con humor lúdico y precisión de ritmo y rima, esta colección cuenta historias antiguas y modernas, incluso la propia del autor. “Y así sigo pataleando. / También tuve bicicleta. / Para acercarme de noche / A la negada princesa. / Recuérdese: lo del sapo / Y la princesa. Leyenda / Que se volvió realidad / Por la ‘jailaife’ y sus reglas/. . .Pero seguí. Aunque de sobra / Me habían dado carretera. / Y ni mis piernas podían / Ni mi pobre bicicleta” (p. 77). Este poemario se acompaña de un CD de versiones de los poemas cantados por el autor, con Héctor Numa Moraes. [JMP]

1595 Bernales, Enrique. Regreso a Big Sur. Lima: Bardoborde Editores, 2019. 114 p. (Colección: Bardoborde Poesía) Bernales, exintegrante del grupo Inmanencia, entrega un libro que, además de nutrirse del espíritu vagabundo de la generación de Kerouac, sintetiza un compromiso irrestricto con la búsqueda de la libertad humana en varios niveles: artístico, político, sexual. Desde la pétrea monumentalidad de Machu Picchu hasta los sectores sureños del Pacífico, pasando por las cumbres del volcán Chimborazo en Ecuador, el poeta emprende un viaje iniciático que impulsa la metáfora de la poesía como fuego de dimensiones rituales e invencibles y que arrasa la apatía de quienes se conforman con los sistemas dominantes en un mundo carente de vitalidad. Volver a Big Sur supone un acto de reinsertarse en una dinámica de deslumbramiento ante la liberación de potencias ocultas en nuestro fuero interior, implica abandonarse a la propicia guía de los vientos que direccionan una permanente renovación personal. Poesía para leerla descalzo y con los pies bien aferrados a la tierra. [CZ] 1596 Caldera, Héctor Aníbal. Vigilia en la desmesura. Caracas: Oscar Todtmann Editores, 2017. 89 p.: ill. (Poesía Oscar Todtmann Editores; 15) Caldera, in his fi rst collection, presents an older voice, fi rmly anchored in and inspired by Venezuelan poets of previous generations. References (and homenajes) to such poets as Armando Rojas Guardia, Blanca Strepponi and Santos Lopez provide some of the collections most effective poems. The work here is very rooted in Cara-

Literature: Poetry: Books of Verse / 413 cas as well, with imagery that transports the reader to the capital’s specific environs. A well-crafted collection that harks back to the urban poetry of the 20th century. [EGN]

1597 Cattaneo, Susana. De bosque y caminos. Buenos Aires: Vinciguerra, 2015. 93 p. (Colección Metáfora) “El poema es la puerta hacia el misterio,” dice la poeta argentina Susana Cattaneo, en las primeras páginas de esta colección de poemas en prosa (p. 16). Cita a Alejandra Pizarnik, Olga Orozco y Edna Pozzi como sus grandes influencias, y estos intertextos son bien evidentes en este texto, especialmente lo de Pizarnik: “Nuna canto. Voy nadando en lo oscuro; en las aguas negras, las notas no se escuchan.” Aunque no se mencionan explícitamente influencias uruguayas, yo oigo ecos del francouruguayo Lautréamont: “No tengo casa, no tengo hogar. Tengo dos perros y por ellos, el mundo” (p. 17) y la uruguaya Marosa di Giorgio: “Esta luz blanquecina parece una nube muerta. Sillones en la sala, negros, inmóviles. Y puertas. . .puertas que dan hacia el abismo” (p. 58). Esta combinación de influencias nutre un libro que, aunque bien consciente de la crisis ecológica y otros dolores de la condición humana, mantiene la fe que “marcamos a fuego un destino, nuestros pasos, una porción de tiempo bendecida con belleza” (p. 25). [JMP] 1598 Chaves, Luis. Falso documental: poesía completa (1997–2016). Buenos Aires: Seix Barral, 2016. 413 p. (Biblioteca breve) Falso documental brings together all of Chaves’ production to date, from 1997 to 2016. His work is not limited to poetry, however, bringing in prose and even song. Memory is one of the salient themes, tying all his works together through song and photography. To read this collection, moving from one book to the next, is to travel through Chaves’ memories, which include childhood experiences, friendships, drugs, movies, and even the weather. [RMP] 1599 Chávez, Yoshiro. Las órdenes del ebrio. Lima: Hipocampo Editores, 2017. 111 p. Los versos cortos de estos poemas, que a menudo constan de una sola palabra, fi luda como daga, provocan una atmósfera

de resonancias eléctricas que agarra desprevenido al lector y lo confronta con experiencias extremas que desestabilizan la pasividad de su rol receptivo: “perro rabia ruda / desgracia”). Una sutil violencia permea los recintos explorados, haciendo que la poesía adquiera una fuerza arrasadora. El poeta desfamiliariza eventos cotidianos para revelar conexiones impensadas entre el individuo y su campo de objetos y acciones (“puñalada sin sangre / espacio sin sonido”). Una vena surrealista recorre los textos, a manera de cerilla que se inmiscuye en las cámaras subterráneas del inconsciente para sacar a la superficie escenas cargadas de connotaciones plurales. Vale notar que no presenciamos el desborde tradicional del surrealismo compuesto de metáforas torrenciales, sino una acertada variación tejida con la urdimbre enigmática del deseo. [CZ]

1600 Cillóniz de la Guerra, Antonio. Usina de dolor. Lima: Hipocampo Editores, 2018. 64 p.: portrait. El autor ha merecido importantes galardones literarios y, en 2019, recibió el Premio Nacional de Literatura del Perú, en la categoría de poesía, por este poemario. En una entrevista concedida al diario La República, Cillóniz, confiesa que su libro “no es otra cosa que la manifestación del dolor que existe en el mundo. Es decir, el mundo como fábrica de dolor. Y no sólo mira el lado de las injusticias entre los hombres, de lo existencial, sino también avizora la muerte como la que nos viene por el cambio climático.” El hablante verbaliza la incertidumbre que le acecha al cruzar la valla de la tercera edad, a la vez que elabora imágenes relacionadas con las marcas que el tiempo ha tatuado en su cuerpo. Valiéndose de la sabiduría que otorga el paso de los años en una mente lúcida, él medita sobre los omnipresentes temas del amor y la muerte. [CZ] 1601 Courtoisie, Rafael. Antología invisible. Madrid: Visor Libros, 2018. 87 p. (Colección Visor de poesía; 1044) Este poemario del escritor uruguayo Rafael Courtoisie (ganador del Premio Gil de Biedma de 2019) es un libro de fantasmas. El epígrafe inicial de Czesław Miłosz comunica la idea que la subjetividad es inestable; la poesía es una casa abierta que “no tiene llaves y huéspedes invisibles entran y salen

414 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 a su antojo” (p. 7). Esta colección incluye textos “inéditos” y “descubiertos” de autores tan diversos, como Sylvia Plath, Clarice Lispector (de una novela “descubierta” en Rio de Janheiro en 2083), Bob Dylan, Donald Trump y varios autores que probablemente no existen fuera de la imaginación de Courtoisie. Además de su ingenio y humor, este coro polifónico de voces diversas revela una visión de una subjetividad compleja y fragmentada, sin fronteras claras entre la realidad y la imaginación, más allá del lenguaje, mientras sigue confi nando por sus límites. Como “dice” Lugwig Wittgenstein en uno de los poemas, “soy poco / y lo poco / que soy / no cabe / en las / palabras” (p. 33). [JMP]

1602 Coy, Negma. Kikotem: historias, cuentos, poesía Kaqchikel. Guatemala City: Cholsamaj, 2019. 53 p.: color ill. Negma Coy’s Kikotem: Historias, cuentos, poesía kaqchikel is an innovative collection that includes various genres (tales, short stories, poetry) as the title itself notes. Coy, who in her work makes explicit connections with the long-standing tradition of ts’íib, includes glyphs, a preinvasion system of writing, in this collection. Kikotem is the poet’s next step in the journey, which Cholsamaj made come to life by giving the reader a present-day version of a codex, a preinvasion folding book written on bark paper. [RMP]

bibliografía y cronología de Luis Alvarenga. Caracas: Fundación Biblioteca Ayacucho, 2016. 473 p. (Biblioteca Ayacucho; 256. Colección Clásica) Roque Dalton’s own selection and revision of his earlier work, which includes an introduction by the author himself, is published by Biblioteca Ayacucho for the fi rst time since its completion in 1973. [RMP]

1605 Díaz, Florentino. Danza para las calles que tiemblan. Lima: Bardoborde Editores, 2016. 69 p.: color ill. (Colección Libros-Ensamblaje) Desde hace más de una década, Díaz se ha embarcado en una labor artística que combina el tono declamatorio de su poesía con la puesta en escena de actos performativos que se empapan de la pintura, la música y el gesto corporal. Este nuevo proyecto se organiza en torno al tema de la danza que religa al individuo con la esfera de lo mítico. Es decir que se rechaza la automatización que predomina en las ciudades modernas, con sus centros comerciales que reflejan el vacío en sus vidrieras, para entregarse al brío liberador de la magia poética. Pero, no hay que caer en la cuenta de que estamos ante una propuesta pasadista, que clava los ojos en un reino pretérito, sino que los esquemas permanentes de lo ancestral se imbrican con el presente para dotarlo de un cariz de incendio o de terremoto: “Un poema es un artefacto del futuro / [. . .] Nosotros nos sentimos listos: nos declaramos fuego.” [CZ]

1603 Coy, Negma. Tz’ula’: guardianes de los caminos. Madrid: Amargord Ediciones, 2019. s.n. Tz’ula’: guardianes de los caminos is Negma Coy’s fourth poetry collection and is written in Kaqchikel and Spanish. The collection is divided in five sections, each dealing with a particular manifestation of the Tz’ula’, or spirits that guard specific places such as a mountain or a road in Kaqchikel cosmovision. Each section acts as movement in a composition: from establishing the role of the Tz’ula’ “Tierra de Tz’ula’, to their witnessing of the genocide “Los Tz’ula’ en Días de Guerra” to experiencing migration to the north “Los Tz’ula’ Están Tristes.” [RMP]

1606 Estrella, Ulises. Elulises: entrevista, poemas, testimonios. Quito: El Àngel Editor, 2017. 123 p. (Colección Monstruos) En el 2014, el Ecuador pierde a uno de sus grandes letrados al fallecer Estrella. Esta obra incluye una larga entrevista al autor hecha por Sergio Valdivia, una pequeña muestra de los poemas de Estrella escogida por Isabel Estrella, Verónica Falconí, Sara Palacios y Xavier Oquendo Troncoso donde sobresale “El ojo escucha” (2009). Oquendo Troncoso también escribe un pequeño prólogo. El epílogo del libro incluye los testimonios para él de Isabel Estrella, y varios de sus compañeros letrados y cineastas. [JRB]

1604 Dalton, Roque. Poesía escogida: antología personal. Selección y nota introductoria de Roque Dalton. Prólogo,

1607 Etchecopar, Dolores. El cielo una sola vez. Buenos Aires: Hilos Editora, 2016. 76 p.

Literature: Poetry: Books of Verse / 415 A la primera mirada, este poemario se enfoca en temas domésticos, con muchos poemas dedicados a miembros de la familia de la poeta, y la última sección esta totalmente enfocada en los hijos. Pero con más atención se ve que este es un libro sobre traumas personales e históricos, con ecos de los horrores del siglo XX en Argentina y una consciencia de la crisis ecológica que enfrenta el mundo actualmente. Aunque estos acontecimientos no se mencionan de forma explícita, se quedan muy presentes en el texto, en sus silencios tanto como en sus palabras: “desde mucho antes de que hubiera un país” / y un silbido reuniera a las casas con sus muertos / todo estaba conversando [. . .] antes de la rosa antes de la risa mutilada / todo estaba conversando / la inmensidad nos recibía / uno por uno / entre los hilos de su abrazo / crecido solo con la muerte (p. 34). [JMP]

1608 Flor, Pablo de la. La luz sobre nosotros. Lima: Ediciones Catavento, 2016. 88 p. Poemas caracterizados por un tono desencantado ante las aristas emocionales y materiales de la vida. La figura del cuerpo envejecido es un síntoma de la lozanía perdida y de la comprobación de que el sujeto ya no puede desplazarse sin tropiezos. Las vivencias plenas del pasado ahora exhiben una faceta desgastada que corrobora el carácter efímero de la felicidad. Además, las palabras y los recuerdos se diluyen en una nebulosa de imprecisiones. La poesía no funciona como tabla salvadora porque no edifica verdades, sino que desenrolla un tapiz de interrogantes adherido a las palabras. Ante este panorama lóbrego, el poeta busca pactar un “armisticio” o un “alto al fuego” con las fuerzas destructoras de la realidad. Tal vez el sentido de la existencia radique en festejar lo mínimo, el atisbo de una imagen aún de pie entre el vendaval del tiempo: “Escribo porque no hacerlo / me dejaría más muerto aún.” [CZ] 1609 García Godos Salazar, Rafael. MVX0: música para monstruos. Lima: Paracaídas Soluciones Editoriales, 2017. 157 p.: ill. Estos poemas han sido escritos para contradecir las expectativas acerca de lo que la poesía debería comunicar al lector; a saber: emociones o reacciones afectivas.

Es decir que este libro se ha ensamblado para hacer tabula rasa de la noción misma de literatura en tanto práctica verbal embellecedora: “un poema no se escribe en sus versos / esa es su tumba.” Por el contrario, importa lo que reside más allá de los límites de la página: un mundo surcado por la imbricación del ámbito humano con diversas tecnologías y con impulsos mecánicos, que incluso modelan modos literarios transgresores: “Las máquinas inventaron el verbo.” El poeta supera las categorizaciones dualistas para autodefi nirse como un producto híbrido en el nivel social: “ni macho ni hembra soy un mixer.” [CZ]

1610 Garet, Leonardo. Ciudades. Montevideo: Antítesis Editorial, 2017. 157 p. (Signos de lira; 13) “Una ciudad se forma / de empecinadas preferencias / no existe ninguna / que no sea imaginaria” (p. 117). Desde su ciudad natal de Salto, hasta México y Moscú, este poemario es un recorrido por varias ciudades del mundo, que el poeta Garet ha visto y ahora visita mentalmente a través de poemas breves y llenos de imágenes. Los 10 “viajes” del sujeto de este libro no son crónologicos ni geográficamente lógicos; siguen su memoria y consciencia interior de Jerusalén a Roma, a Aosta; del Cairo, a Machu Pichu, a Florencia; de Atenas a Nueva Delhi, a San Petersburgo, llegando, al fi n, a una “Ciudad sin nombre” protegida por una “muralla contra el tiempo” (p. 157). A veces, especialmente en las descripciones de las ciudades más icónicas, se caen en clichés y estereotipos, como los tupilanes y canales de Amsterdam, o una mujer que “deja ver solamente sus ojos” en Nazareth (p. 49). La verdadera fuerza de este libro se encuentra en las ciudades tal vez no tan famosas, pero bien conocidos por el autor, por ejemplo Concordia, Argentina, al otro lado del Río Uruguay de Salto: “cuando estoy seguro de tenerte / ya no te veo / me contemplo en la orilla / donde siempre estoy / cuando te miro” (p. 39). [JMP] 1611 Gómez Lombide, Macarena. Un puñado. Montevideo: Yaugurú, 2017. 67 p. (Todos los gallos están despiertos. Tercera serie; 7) Contemplativo y lírico, con momentos de humor inesperado, este poemario

416 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 es una meditación breve sobre el amor en su complejidad y la imposibilidad de su realización total en nuestra vida humana, debido a nuestro deseo amplio que siempre va más allá de las condiciones materiales: “amar es: / nueve cuerpos / buscando expresar el amor, / sin saber / que el amor es: / nueve cuerpos y diez almas” (p. 66). En sus movimentos imaginarios, la voz poética se transforma de una persona a una piedra, a un goteo de agua; estas palabras son un baile que explora la relación compleja entre la alegría y el dolor en el acto de amar, y también los impulsos posesivos que existen dentro de nuestro deseo: “voy a estar en una piedra / cuando te canses del camino / voy a estar justo a unos centímetros, / y yo, la piedra, / te voy a encontrar [. . .] dos por tres voy a quedarme en tu zapato / a meterme entre tus dedos. / voy a hacer que te detengas / y te preguntes cómo / fui / voy / a parar ahí” (p. 54). [JMP]

1612 Gómez Migliaro, Willy. Lírico puro. Lima: Hipocampo Editores, 2017. 117 p.: ill. Estos textos se bifurcan como un abanico multidimensional hacia los linderos de un espacio abarrotado de objetos. Usando un lenguaje en expansión, el poeta plantea una nueva manera de relacionarse con la miríada de elementos que circundan su entorno vivencial. El lector asiste a un proceso de acumulación de imágenes por el cual la voz poética, lejos de arribar a una expresión saturada, revela la pureza esencial de la poesía. Al no estar dividido en secciones, y al carecer de títulos que identifiquen a los poemas, el libro puede abordarse desde cualquier punto. Como si los lectores fueran invitados a penetrar en una madriguera donde su labor principal radica en dotar de sentido a las palabras que los acechan con la sagacidad de dardos acerados. [CZ] 1613 González, Wingston. No budu please. Translated by Urayoán Noel. Brooklyn, N.Y.: Ugly Duckling Presse 2018. 24 p. This chapbook collects Garífuna Wingston González’s verses in an exquisite Spanish-English translation by Urayoán Noel. González is known for his colloquial Guatemalan Spanish, with a touch of English and an unforgettable cadence, and this

translation does justice to his verses. For a review of this work by the poetry translation specialist, see item 1892. [RMP]

1614 González Gallardo, Grover. El sueño de las sombras. Lima: Vicio Perfecto Vicio Perpetuo, 2016. 103 p. (Colección Péndulo de Arena) Poesía surcada por atmósferas oníricas que se adentran en las dimensiones más recónditas de la naturaleza para rescatar una palabra primigenia, una expresión cuyos pilares se erigen sobre la base de un doble movimiento de muerte y renacimiento en los brazos totalizadores del ser amado: “al despertar contemplo tu cuerpo: / los caminos confluyen.” Predomina la oscuridad (sombra, telarañas, ceniza), el desorden (laberinto) y lo precario (alas rotas) en el diseño de símbolos que desentrañan el misterio de una naturaleza encantada, de un bosque atrapado en reverberaciones mágicas. Se contempla lo imperceptible de los flujos moleculares debajo de desplazamientos macrocósmicos en una cadena de sucesión sin freno. Al fi nal, el canto del poeta se mantiene fi rme ante la amenaza de la nada: “este corazón crecerá como una flor en el desierto.” [CZ] 1615 Granda, Euler. Los cochinones. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana Benjamín Carrión, 2013. 60 p. (Poesía) Este poemario incluye un magistral acercamiento a la contemplación sobre el amor, el traspaso de los años y el contexto político ecuatoriano caracterizado por su corrupción e indignidad para con sus ciudadanos. La poesía de Granda (quién falleció en el 2018) es mordaz y sabia, humorística y profunda. Existe también en su poesía una saludable desconfianza, rabia a momentos, en contra de la fama poética, incluyendo la del autor mismo. La segunda mitad del poemario recoge un homenaje a Eloy Alfaro, héroe del progresivismo en el país. Se trata sin duda de uno de los mejores reconocimientos actuales a Alfaro caracterizada por una crítica punzante a las instituciones conservadoras del país cuyos seguidores son representados como retrógradas ignorantes. [JRB] 1616 Herbozo, José Miguel. Las ilusiones. Lima: Alastor Editores, 2019. 61 p. Este volumen ejemplifica la pericia del autor para balancear, con similar efica-

Literature: Poetry: Books of Verse / 417 cia, los niveles estéticos y reflexivos del lenguaje. Pero, detrás de la evidente maestría literaria, se incuban las dubitaciones de un poeta atento: el hallazgo de las trampas que la realidad teje en sus múltiples manifestaciones. La vida se vuelve un des-aprendizaje de nociones anteriormente ligadas a un alto grado de certeza. El objetivo de aprehender el sentido profundo de lo visible se obstaculiza porque sólo se pueden percibir partes disgregadas e inconexas de una totalidad de rostro esquivo. Incluso la memoria, que a menudo ocupa un lugar privilegiado en las relaciones del individuo con sus ancestros, propicia un engaño masivo en el deseo humano por entender lo que lo rodea. Un fiable mecanismo de defensa frente al nihilismo sería la batalla diaria, que reincide en la reconquista ante la derrota, por inscribir una presencia vital en el mundo. [CZ]

1617 Huelmo, Mariella. En el pliegue de la noche. Prefacio de Ignacio Nacho Suárez. Montevideo: Yaugurú, 2016. 97 p. (Todos los gallos están despiertos; 29) Este poemario es una meditación sobre la subjetividad, el amor y la búsqueda de entendimiento entre personas a pesar de los límites. Como modo de introducción dice, “Vestirán mis huesos un día su capa de madera. / Con ellos escribiré mi último poema. / Sin adjetivos, sin letras. / Un verbo único defi niendo mi existencia: un nombre de mujer; / un sello de guerrera: Ángela Mariella” (p. 20). Esta consciencia de la muerte la lleva a una profunda compasión por el dolor de los demás. Como Dante, Huelmo baja a un infierno imaginativo y describe el sufrimiento que ve: “Vi hombres y mujeres aferrándose al vaivén de los péndulos. / Congelados entre horas, entre números, iguales e infi nitos muñecos. / Vi una mujer amarilla parir un niño azul en medio del infierno. / La vi llorar a gritos pidiendo silencio” (p. 41). Pero desde esta angustia del sufrimiento inherente en la condición humana, Huelmo encuentra una fuerza redentora en la presencia constante del lenguaje: “Desde antes, desde más allá, / desde atrás de la vigilia, / por debajo del delirio / el poema nos espera” (p. 86). [JMP] 1618 Iriarte Martínez, Fernando. La eternidad interrumpida. Bogotá: Uniediciones, 2017. 69 p.: ill. (Colección Zenócrate)

Colombian poet Iriarte displays unique and well-crafted imagery with a surrealist sensibility in this collection. Following the trend of minimalist verse, the poetry here speaks of absence and space both in form and content. Unexpected and original juxtaposition of images, symbols, and metaphors proceeds with a hopeless tone that echoes the “roto paisaje” of Colombia’s past. Dark humor lightens the critique of capitalism and the meditations on the fragility of life. [EGN]

1619 Kohen, Natalia. Cortes transversales. Buenos Aires: Wolkowicz Editores, 2015. 193 p. Se dice que este libro tiene 193 páginas, pero sólo se compone de 47 poemas; cada título se ubica en su propia página, y en el libro entero, el fondo de cada página se queda en blanco. Esta gran cantidad de espacio vacío, en el diseño del libro, llama mucho la atención y complementa el estilo de Kohen, que mide sus palabras con economía y cuidado; le importa tanto lo no dicho como lo dicho. Con influencias de la fi losofía, el psicoanálisis y el misticismo judío, este poemario es un acto de resistencia que empieza y termina con el mismo manifiesto: “Para los que sabemos / que la comprensión / la capacidad de amar / y la solidaridad / son ejes del mundo. / Que eso produce alegría. / Que la sumisión, / el odio, / la pena, / la culpa, / producen tristeza. / Que Buda, Jesús, Sócrates y Spinoza, / son nuestros hermanos. / Para los que creemos, / para los que no nos resignamos” (p. 9 y p. 193). [JMP] 1620 Legnani, Mariam. El cuenco y otros bordes. Montevideo: Yaugurú, 2016. 59 p. (Todos los gallos estan despiertos; 2a serie, 33) Con mucha invención y juegos de palabras, este breve poemario fi losófico explora varios aspectos de la condición humana, sobre todo la pregunta de los límites del lenguaje y la idea de que las palabras no son adecuadas para todo lo que queremos expresar. “Todos tenemos un monte siniestro y mudo, clamando por derrotarnos. Encontrar la clave de las palabras, es preciso y necesario” dice Legnani (p. 21). A pesar de los límites, esta poeta del departamento de Canelones, Uruguay, psicócologa de oficio,

418 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 cree en la posibilidad humana de alcanzar alguna especie de liberación: “Sal de las oscuridad del silencio, y ofrece y regala tus vocablos como burbujas emergentes de tu boca. Acércate a la luz, al alba, rodéate del aura irrenunciable naciente empecinadamente empedrado y arbóreo del halo lunar [. . .] eres un centro de anhelos perpetuos, cimentados por amantes eternos tras el túnel del tiempo” (p. 23). [JMP]

1621 León, Denise. Templo de pescadores. Córdoba, Argentina: Alción Editora, 2013. 63 p. “Este libro es para tu boca,” dice León en la primera página. Sin duda es para una boca que canta, que grita y que tiene muchas ganas de comer. Llevado por el hambre y el anhelo, el poemario toma la forma de una oración. Su segunda sección se llama “Salmos,” realmente son plegarias que expresan lamento, anhelo y esperanza. El libro se refiere, varias veces, a una comparación entre la tarea del pescador y la del jardinero, dos trabajos que requieren paciencia y resiliencia—aunque para León, la disciplina terrenal del agricultor es seguramente más duro, y hay un anhelo de escaparse al mar: “Para qué lanzas tu red, / Señor. / Todo esto / te pertenece. / Yo /—en cambio—/ planté semillas / que no florecieron” (p. 9). Como los viejos poetas de la Biblia, León grita de su propia manera, “¿Hasta cuándo, oh Señor?” El deseo es lo que le da luz a la poesía: “Debería escribir. / Mi boca / sangra” (p. 45). [JMP] 1622 Lión, Luis de. Pequeñas lámparas. Guatemala: Ediciones del Pensativo, 2019. 55 p. Pequeñas lámparas is a poetry collection published posthumously by Casa Pensativa with the help of Mayarí de León, Luis de Lión’s daughter who collected his works. The simplicity of the verses captures entire worlds, winning the fi rst place in the XXI Juegos Florales del Carnaval de Mazatenango, Suchitepéquez in 1984. Best known for his novel El tiempo principia en Xibalbá, de Lión is an important figure in Guatemala’s literary history. His work is now being recognized thanks to efforts by de León and Ediciones del Pensativo who in June 2020 published another poetry collection by Luis de Lión, El papel de la belleza. [RMP]

1623 López, Santos. Azar de almendra. Santiago de Querétaro, México: Calygramma: Fondo Editorial, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, 2016. 108 p. (Poesía) The respected poet Santos López provides an example of a common figure in Venezulean poetry: the expatriate poet. A resident of Paris, Mexico City, and other sites in the last years, López sees this work published in Mexico. The collection starts with an “Ars poética” pointing to the fragility of life and the collection follows this theme, with poems on fragility, mortality, and remembrance. [EGN] 1624 Lukin, Liliana. Ensayo sobre el poder. Postfacio de Claudio Martyniuk. Buenos Aires: Wolkowicz Editores, 2015. 60 p. ¿Por qué el ser humano busca dominar y controlar a otros seres humanos? Esta pregunta impulsa este poemario. Este libro corto empieza y termina con muchos epígrafes de Georges Bataille, Primo Levi, Wisława Szymborska y otros, pero el que más sobresale es éste de Peter Esterházi: “¿Qué es la vida? Te lo diré. Cuando nace el hombre, elige uno de los tres caminos vitales, aparte de los cuales no existen otros: si vas a la derecha, lo lobos lo comerán; si vas a la izquierda, tú mismo comerás a los lobos; si vas recto, te comerás a ti mismo” (p. 11). Cada poema, en esta secuencia, habla de un aspecto de la relación entre lobo y cordero; así demuestra que cada relación es complicada: “Pura carne, puro sentimiento / blanco, blando, frágil: ofrece / el cordero al lobo tanto / que el lobo debe dudar / antes de dar la dentellada” (p. 17). [JMP] 1625 Miranda, Sylvia. Tiempo de sol. Buenos Aires: Huesos de Jibia, 2014. 116 p. Poemas intimistas anunciados desde una voz que observa el mundo a través de una multiplicidad de ventanas refractarias. Las cambiantes perspectivas simulan una travesía que recorre variadas instancias temporales y espaciales. Con ecos del Alberti de Sobre los ángeles, la autora traza delicados parajes habitados por estos seres celestes, enfatizando la evanescente característica de las representaciones ideales. Una serie de textos brevísimos (de sólo dos versos) acredita los atributos de una escritura que se robustece con la síntesis de la belleza: un

Literature: Poetry: Books of Verse / 419 rayo de sol, una gota en caída libre, el humo de un cigarrillo consumiéndose. Algunas secciones de estos textos se habían publicado en tirajes reducidos (de 5 o 20 ejemplares), así que ésta es una buena oportunidad para conocer mejor la obra de una poeta que posee un acertado manejo del registro lírico. [CZ]

plural y rizomático. El volumen reproduce una multitud de sonidos, colores, sensaciones táctiles y auditivas que lo convierten en una suerte de espejo donde se plasma una lujosa universalidad: “un viento de potros en el vendaval de galopes amanadados, / la trenza dorada de las abejas en el mejor telar del zumbido.” [CZ]

1626 Montalbetti, Mario. En una lengua rompida. Edición revisada, Ruido Blanco. Quito: Ruido Blanco, 2017. 245 p.: ill. (Colección Amapola y memoria; 2) El libro reúne poemas de Montalbetti, uno de los poetas peruanos más influyentes del continente, de los siguientes poemarios: Perro negro (1978), Fin del desierto y otros poemas (1995), Llantos elíseos (2002), Cinco segundos de horizonte (2005), El lenguaje es un revólver para dos (2008), Ocho cuartetas en contra del caballo de paso peruano (2008), Apolo cupisnique (2012), Vietnam (2014), Simio meditando (ante una lata de aceite de oliva (2016) y otros poemas. En su totalidad la poesía de Montalbetti es un antídoto contemplativo al mundanal ruido. Hay una inacción muy elaborada donde se van creando imágenes talvez delirantes, pero con tanto cuidado que si llegan a lo absurdo, no pecan nunca de cinismo dentro del contexto del poema. Toparse con la poesía de Montalbetti es lograr hacer una tajadura en el tiempo para la contemplación de un universo único que se va creando ante nuestros ojos con palabras que ya conocemos, pero que nunca habíamos visto usadas así. Esto crea nuevos espacios virtuales y dentro de esa nueva “realidad” uno vuelve transformado, quizá un poco confundido, pero aún más meditativo. [JRB]

1628 Morquencho, Mario. Placlitaxel. Lima: Paracaídas Editores, 2017. 62 p. El espacio habitado por estos poemas no se ubica en la claridad del campo ni en la quietud del mar, sino en opacos pasillos de un hospital donde pacientes terminales monologan sobre los efectos que graves enfermedades han producido en sus organismos. Empleando un lenguaje preciso y descarnado, penetrante como instrumento quirúrgico, el poeta disecta escenas de desgaste físico enunciadas desde la zona limítrofe entre la vida y la muerte. Metafóricamente, la medicina se equipara con la creación literaria, ya que extraer las palabras que componen un poema semeja la amputación de un miembro o la extirpación de un tumor maligno. En los recintos claustrofóbicos del sanatorio se ejecutan operaciones que confi rman la precariedad de la vida, la inutilidad de bregar contra los despiadados síntomas de la fragilidad corporal: “este poema que leyó un cadáver / es una canción para todos aquellos / que cruzan el puente y observan / Lo maravilloso del abismo.” [CZ]

1627 Morales Saravia, José. Advenires. Lima: Paracaídas Editores, 2017. 51 p. Una nueva entrega de este dinámico representante del neobarroco poético peruano. El libro se divide en cuatro secciones (de cinco poemas cada una) que se conectan con los elementos naturales: Fuentes (agua), Auras (aire), Fuegos y Tierras. Además de la cuidada proliferación verbal, llama la atención la simetría de los textos, ya que todos están compuestos por 30 o 31 versos a manera de una caja de resonancia que contiene numerosos compartimentos que se desplazan horizontalmente tejiendo un diseño

1629 Neuman, Andrés. Vivir de oído. Madrid: La Bella Varsovia, 2018. 57 p. (Poesía) El título de esta colección breve del poeta argentino Andrés Neuman bien sugiere su tema: el proceso de oír y escuchar los sonidos interiores y exteriores, el mismo sonido de la vida. El poemario se divide en tres secciones: “Ese viento obstinado,” con poemas sobre familia y orígenes; “Ruido de amor,” que mira las relaciones amorosas de varias perspectivas, y “Perro sónico,” que da atención a la grandeza de la naturaleza y la realidad que se ubica más allá de nuestra comprensión. Hay poemas impactantes en cada sección, pero la primera lleva un poder especial: “Me sumerjo hasta arriba, / veo caer un pez [. . .] Mis brazos en el agua. / dos agujas / que me ponen en hora. / Cuando el cielo se vuelva / nos colmamos de ausen-

420 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 tes” (p. 17). En “Flashback en Praga,” habla de “Todos mis bisabuelos / huyendo de sus casas y entonando / oraciones en yiddish / que no comprendería” (p. 20). Con este tono elegíaco, el libro sin embargo asume la forma de una alabanza a la vida misma: “Este infi nito no te necesita, la orogenia es humana: dos fuerzas destruyéndose. / Lo espiritual es esta indiferencia / con que se deja el tiempo trabajar. / El paisaje se mueve, arte de sí” (p. 54). [JMP]

1630 Orrillo, Winston. Poemas concisos. Lima: Vicio Perfecto Vicio Perpetuo, 2017. 78 p. (Colección Martín Adán. Poesía) Este libro está estructurado de manera ingeniosa: cuatro poemas extensos cuyos versos, de corte epigramático, se presentan como un inventario de aforismos e imágenes numeradas. Estas secciones inciden sobre los temas recurrentes que han preocupado a la literatura desde sus orígenes: las disquisiciones sobre el fluir temporal (Bocacalles del tiempo), la carnalidad del amor (Frutas non sanctas), la fi nitud humana (Gargantillas, la muerte) y el goce estético (Poesía, poesía). Cada verso, que sigue el modelo de expresión breve delineado por los maestros Pessoa, Chéjov y Ungaretti, opera como una cápsula que sintetiza esencias aprendidas durante el periplo vital del poeta. [CZ] 1631 Oxlaj Cúmez, Miguel Ángel. Xti saqirisan na pe = Planicie de olvido. Guatemala: Fundación Cholsamaj 2020. 74 p. This is Miguel Ángel Oxlaj Cúmez’s fi rst poetry collection, written in Spanish and Kaqchikel. Though it is easy to assume the author presents his reader with a direct translation in Spanish, we are actually presented with a bilingual text. Marvín S. García explains in the introductory text, the poet is interested putting two distinct visions side-by-side, which is made evident from the title itself, which in the Kaqchikel translates as “the sun will rise again” and in Spanish as “the plains of forgetting.” The poems reflect on Maya cosmovision, tradition, and family, as well as violence and pain. [RMP] 1632 Palacio, Alfredo. BluesEros. Buenos Aires: Ediciones Del Dock, 2016. 50 p. (Pez náufrago. Poesía; 77) “LÍBRANOS DEL MAL Y NO NOS DEJES CAER EN LA TENTACIÓN”. . ./

Ferviente en mi ateísmo / aún busco alguna tentación / que me haga caer / y no me libre del mal” (p. 13). Con este humor y deleite en el deseo empieza este homenaje a la música blues y a la experiencia erótica. Ganador del primer premio en le primer Concurso Internacional de Poesía en Salto, Uruguay, este poemario evoca el ambiente de un bar lleno de buena música y mucha sensualidad. Sin embargo, este poeta bien sabe que el eros siempre se acompaña por el thanatos y que cada encuentro es también un desencuentro: “El deseo que se distrae en cualquier parte / pequeños gestos de adiós / que van tejiendo su intemperie / que no sabemos leer a tiempo / ni podemos evitar [. . .] Nadie deja a nadie. / Simplemente / suceden / graduales despedidas” (p. 47). [JMP]

1633 Panduro Astorga, César. Los lados del agua. Lima: Paracaídas Editores, 2016. 59 p. Estos poemas están plagados de motivos acuáticos que convergen en la visión del mar como un espejo donde se originó la vida. La creación del mundo se grafica como la caída del ser divino cuyo cuerpo desmembrado engendra ríos y mares. El poeta es una especie marina y reconoce el rol fundacional del agua al haberlo dotado de la capacidad de expresión literaria. Asimismo, el mar le otorga la confi anza de haber encontrado un semejante que le brinda la comodidad de habitar un espacio familiar (“mi casa es un océano”). En consonancia con los malecones barranquinos de Martín Adán, aunque este libro nos traslada a la costa iqueña, contemplar el mar provee el beneficio de alcanzar una mayor comprensión de la vida y de la identidad del sujeto que se refugia en su manto regenerativo. [CZ] 1634 Plasencki, Ladislao. La esfi nge preguntona del desierto: cantata a César Vallejo. Lima: Ediciones Cosmos, 2019. 60 p. (Colección Rubí de Poesía) Última entrega de Plasencki, quien recibió el Premio Copé de Oro en 2003. Este volumen se configura en torno a la omnipresente figura de César Vallejo, el más universal de los poetas peruanos. A modo de una biografía lírica, el lector recorre los diversos espacios geográficos que habitó el creador de Trilce: desde los parajes andinos de Santiago de Chuco hasta los bulevares de París, pa-

Literature: Poetry: Books of Verse / 421 sando por las convulsionadas calles madrileñas durante la guerra civil española. El libro busca reinstalar la poderosa “Poiesis” vallejiana, cargada de solidaridad humana, en un mundo en peligro de extinguirse debido a las guerras y la contaminación ambiental. Al afi liarse a la raigambre indígena de la voz de Vallejo, estos versos actualizan el poderío de tradiciones precolombinas (MochicaChimú), uniéndose, a la vez, a la proyección galáctica de diversos “viajeros del tiempo,” que se conectan con nuestra especie por medio de una poesía de raíz inmemorial. [CZ]

1635 Quiroz, James. El libro de los fuegos infi nitos. Lima: Celacanto, 2018. 48 p. Desplegando una serie de cuadros relativos al fuego, el poeta recorre un vasto trayecto temporal que lo transporta desde épocas prehispánicas hasta la actualidad. La poesía, cubierta de un halo ígneo, constituye un mecanismo de destrucción y renacimiento: “Escribir es recordar el apocalipsis.” Al transitar los paisajes desérticos de la costa norte peruana, al compás de ritmos ruidosos de rock y jazz, los textos producen metáforas incandescentes que incineran los caducos convencionalismos de la vida provinciana. Además, se erigen como instrumentos combativos, enarbolando el ardor de la protesta política, en contra del abuso de regímenes opresivos. Destaca un tono de hondura familiar simbolizado en la madre muerta que retorna para cegar con su resplandor y para conjurar las dudas existenciales del hijo al presentarse como un fantasma de luz. La danza primordial emparenta al ser humano con los microorganismos de la naturaleza y lo conecta con los inabarcables movimientos planetarios. [CZ] 1636 Roberts, Patricia. Impermanencia. Arequipa, Perú: Cascahuesos, 2016. 68 p. (Colección de Poesía Pájaro de Cera; 31) El término “impermanencia” alude a la condición “intermitente” de la vida, a la compaginación temporal de presente y pasado. Es notorio el enraizamiento conceptual en la poética de T.S. Eliot (autor del epígrafe del libro), expresado en la cruel regeneración de la naturaleza que no repara en lo que desaparece: “Lo nuevo regresa y crece / a través del dolor y la indiferencia.” Destaca una mirada milimétrica que contempla al detalle la evolución natural: la refracción lu-

minosa en el tronco de un árbol que produce una multiplicidad de colores. El paisaje arequipeño, simbolizado en el volcán Misti, se erige impasible ante el discurrir cotidiano. Para contrarrestar su impotencia frente a los designios de la muerte, la hablante ensaya una estrategia de “dejarse ser,” a manera de una hoja arrastrada por el ímpetu del viento. El objetivo sería liberarse de la cárcel cronológica para perseguir la felicidad allende las cartografías terrenales. [CZ]

1637 Roldán Grieve, Gino. Apostrophe. Lima: Hipocampo Editores, 2016. 64 p. Esta propuesta poética, de ribetes introspectivos, exige a los lectores una inusual atención a los detalles que hacen del lenguaje un artefacto estético. Se privilegian acciones movedizas (fluir, transitar) para capturar la fugacidad de un universo en que los objetos se desplazan (devienen en su opuesto) constantemente. El carácter metapoético del libro propone una reflexión sobre el quehacer lírico desde las simientes de un “verbo” exaltado. El propósito del poeta se defi ne en el acto de despojar al lenguaje de su naturaleza solidificada; vale decir, de lo que se ha acumulado bajo placas geológicas de sentido. Por esto, la lectura sepulta el autoritarismo de una “lengua diagramada” y nos catapulta hacia el vértigo que suscitan las acrobacias de las palabras. [CZ] 1638 Sáenz Paterson, Guillermo. Licor rojo y la transgresión maldita. San José: Guayaba Ediciones, 2017. 63 p. (Colección Luna roja. Poesía costarricense; 2) Sáenz Patterson, known as a poeta maldito in Costa Rica, takes his readers on a journey where we meet important historical figures (Costa Rica’s fi rst lady, a visual artist from San José, a German philosopher, and an Austrian writer, to name a few), whose own trajectories have had their share of controversy and their work a significant impact. The language is expressive, rich with images of the city and of excess. [RMP] 1639 Sarmiento Chipana, Sixto. Cantos del silencio. Lima: Vicio Perfecto Vicio Perpetuo, 2016. 54 p. (Colección Péndulo de Arena) Este poemario ofrece perspectivas contradictorias sobre el amor. Por un lado, éste libera de la prisión del abandono e

422 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 inaugura un nuevo orden de plenitud. Pero, al mismo tiempo, este período es pasajero y, tras la dicha, llega la frustración. Esta dinámica pendular confi rma la complementariedad entre vida y muerte. El poeta reflexiona sobre el rol de la escritura amorosa para plasmar diversos sentimientos de satisfacción y sufrimiento. El amor se convierte en una especie de página en blanco para tachar opresivos términos como “cárcel” o “hambre.” En este curso meditativo, y ante la ausencia del ser amado, el hablante arriba a una sensación de autocompasión y reconoce su valía (“déjenme llorar por mí”). En medio del paisaje agreste de la puna, la poesía se transforma en una “chispa que va encendiendo la pradera,” en una llama simbólica que ilumina los senderos del desamor para testimoniar la vitalidad del amante. [CZ]

1640 Scarabelli, Sonia. El arte de silbar. Buenos Aires: Bajo la Luna, 2014. 50 p. (Poesía; 94) “Silbar no es de mujeres pero él / nos enseñaba a todos por igual, / mis hermanos y yo: silbar, nadar, pescar,” dice esta poeta al principio de un libro que parece un homenaje a un padre fallecido y tiernamente recordado (p. 12). Sin embargo, como el Mago de Oz, este padre tiene su aspecto terrible: “Después crecimos y recuerdo haber sentido / la soledad de ser una mujer / como quien marcha hacia el exilio, / sobre todo del padre, / que en el sueño de anoche / se apareció de pronto en una ruta solitaria. / Diferente y el mismo, como siempre / a la luz de los faros de un coche, dice: ‘hija, de la vida no se huye’” (p. 12). Con muchas imágenes del paisaje natural argentino con sus plantas y animales, este poema es por un lado un intento a un escape, una búsqueda de la libertad fuertemente deseada, y por otro lado un proceso de aprender a silbar y celebrar la vida aun bajo un encierro. [JMP] 1641 Szpunberg, Alberto. El nombre revelado. Buenos Aires: En Danza, 2016. 137 p. (Colección Kern de poesía; 142) “Y el Nombre tiembla como si un viento se revelase / y toda la tierra, esta vez llamada por su Nombre, / no fuesen palabras sino pura voz innominada” dice Alberto Szpunberg (1940–2020) en un poema titulado “Ha Shem” (p. 115). Místico

y fi losófico, este poemario es un intento por decir lo indecible, por describir lo que no puede ser descrito, la base de la existencia que se queda más allá de nuestra comprensión. Aunque el libro toca varios temas— como el amor humano y la relación precaria entre el ser humano y la naturaleza—el tema central es nuestra relación a lo que no podemos entender. Tal vez por eso muchos de los poemas de Szpunberg hablan en la voz de una oración en el espíritu del Psalmista: “¿Y si fuese en el corazón del fuego / que tus ojos se poblasen de estrellas, / en los rescoldos mismos del aullido / bajo un vaivén de brasas malheridas? / Te llamo desde todos los ecos del silencio / con todos tus nombres que el viento atiza” (p. 32). [JMP]

1642 Tambriz Tambriz, Felipe. No todo está escrito=na ronojel taj tz’ib’atalik. Guatemala: Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, 2018. 144 p. No todo está escrito (Na ronojel taj tz’ib’atalik) is Felipe Tambriz Tambriz’s fi rst poetry collection. His work had been previously self-published and distributed through social media, and his latest poetry fi nds a home in this collection, which provides a good snapshot of his overall work. The collection is divided in sections, each reflecting certain aspects of the author’s work and themes, among them his poetics, love, social justice, and the sociocultural identity of the Nahualá region. The section “Xocomal kaqiq’—Viento de Xocomil” is written in K’iche’ with Spanish translation. [RMP] 1643 Torres Galarza, Ramón. Ser del sur: poesía. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana Benjamín Carrión, 2014. 121 p. Torres Galarza es mejor conocido como escritor por sus labores diplomáticas y su trabajo investigativo incluyendo sus ensayos críticos de temas sociales, diplomáticos y culturales a nivel nacional e internacional. El poemario demuestra la madurez escritural del autor y su deseo de querer abarcar las razones de ser y vivir del ser humano desde una emocionalidad contemplativa. Hay poemas suyos traducidos al quechua, también hay grafitis. Aunque carezca de innovación lingüística, el trabajo es esmerado por su variedad y por su seriedad. [JRB]

Literature: Poetry: Books of Verse / 423

1644 Valcárcel, Karina. Los abrazos largos: prosa. Lima: Paracaídas Editores, 2016. 98 p. En la primera página de este libro se estampa un cuadrilátero en cuyos lados se inscribe esta directiva: “Léase en desorden.” Así, el lector es invitado a penetrar un laberinto de sensaciones que cubre múltiples contenidos. Las situaciones cotidianas descritas se someten al impulso de la extrañeza para exponer el revés de lo familiar y lo previsible. En las calles, la enunciadora es acosada por la locura, el absurdo, el desvarío, lo cual transforma estas páginas en el repertorio desbaratado de una escritura energética que se confecciona con trazos veloces. Afortunadamente, el contacto corporal sintetizado en un abrazo breve pero apasionado (“largo”) afi rma la convicción de que no todo está perdido en un planeta cada vez más impersonal y automatizado. [CZ] 1645 Valle, Carlos César. Poemas neoyorquinos. Arequipa, Peru: Urbanotopia, 2019. 67 p. La fascinación que la metrópoli neoyorquina ha infundido en escritores de diversas regiones geográficas tiene larga data. Estos poemas de Valle se singularizan por la frescura, el desenfado y la vena irónica en el tratamiento de los temas retratados. Lejos de adoptar una actitud reverencial ante la colosal arquitectura de la urbe, el libro privilegia las voces de personajes cotidianos (meseros o poetas marginales) que desenvuelven sus actividades en un espacio surcado por la rapidez de la circulación mercantil impuesta por el capitalismo global. El volumen hace gala de un registro metapoético hábilmente elaborado por el cual se entrecruzan referencias al acto mismo de producir poesía en medio del apremio de la vida moderna. Los guiños intertextuales a Vallejo, Eielson, Oquendo de Amat o Pizarnik (“si digo ‘mano’ y no me doy un golpe, no me creo”) son un ejemplo del amplio manejo del autor de la tradición literaria occidental. [CZ] 1646 Villa Pelayo, José Jesús. Elegía para un mago de Venecia. Caracas: Fondo Editorial Fundarte, Alcaldía de Caracas, 2016. 146 p. (Colección Stefanía Mosca. Poesía) This collection, winner of the 2015 Stefanía Mosca prize for poetry, plays with

the written text in interesting ways, incorporating a variety of alphabets and written languages, from Chinese and Hebrew to English alongside the Spanish. The effect here is somewhat mysterious, as no reader could be expected to understand all of the symbols presented in each poem. The poems also play with the blank space of the page, moving text around the page, recalling the work of Vicente Huidobro. [EGN]

1647 Villacorta, Carlos. Materia oscura. Prólogo por Róger Santiváñez. Lima: Intermezzo Tropical, 2017. 97 p. En este poemario, Villacorta bate las alas benjaminianas del “ángel de la historia” para evaluar retrospectivamente, dentro de la turbulencia que lo arrastra en una corriente sin freno hacia el futuro, los desechos acumulados en suelo peruano durante dos décadas de violencia fratricida, que legó una cruenta nómina de traumas y heridas sin cicatrizar. En un giro anticlimático, el poeta-Ulises retorna al escenario de la debacle histórica para inspeccionar, desde la posguerra, los sedimentos desperdigados en el fango, los fragmentos de utopías despeñadas, los cadáveres apilados que desbaratan la ilusa simetría del “cuerpo nacional.” Al intentar materializar lo no verbalizable, la escritura se transforma en llaga, en muñón que todavía repercute un momento anterior de integridad, en lengua trozada por cuchillos caldeados al rojo vivo. Entonces, ¿cómo poetizar una herencia angustiosa?, ¿qué mecanismos aligeran la carga de dinamita adherida al corazón? Este libro evidencia que la oscuridad no está reñida con el realce onírico y la confianza en la poesía. [CZ] 1648 Vinderman, Paulina. Cuaderno de dibujo. Córdoba, Argentina: Alción Editora, 2016. 89 p. Lírico y contemplativo, este poemario es un cuaderno de dibujos verbales con mucha atención a las líneas y formas del espacio de la consciencia humana. “Este poema no quiere ser hermoso, / sólo verdadero, pero la belleza deambula por allí, / como el polvo sobre los muebles. / El aire dibuja unos ojos tan grandes como el mar” (p. 45). Con referencias a escritores como Georges Schéhadé, Marianne Moore y Olga Orozco, este es un texto polifacético que hace preguntas intrigantes: “Escribo el todavía, mi solidaridad

424 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 (misteriosa) / con la rueca del lenguaje. / Palabras oscuras sobre una tela oscura, / que saben separarse de la muerte / sólo con una luna sumergida o un cucharón. / ¿De qué color es la soledad?” (p. 71). [JMP]

que una de las sentencias emblemáticas del poemario: “La raza no existe,” sirve para derribar prácticas discriminatorias que han perpetuado el clima segregacionista en el territorio peruano del siglo XXI. [CZ]

1649 Wiener, Gabriela. Ejercicios para el endurecimiento del espíritu. Lima: PESOPLUMA, 2016. 98 p. (Serie LiteraRutas Contemporáneas / Poesía) Una aguda ironía, que cala en la médula del lector, y un lenguaje insolente, sazonado con referencias cinéfi las y de la cultura popular, caracterizan estos “ejercicios” que relatan anécdotas descarriadas “hacia el fi n del mundo.” Ya sea en el barrio limeño de Magdalena o en las vías de Madrid, en hostales u hospitales psiquiátricos, la autora afi la sus cuchillos poéticos para escudriñar los entretelones de relaciones tóxicas y familias disfuncionales. Campea una denuncia de las buenas costumbres, del acatamiento a raja tabla de normas sociales que reprimen la descarga de una sexualidad impetuosa: “los matrimonios polígamos / no se acuestan en la misma cama / ni hacen orgías en las ciénagas de la ley.” Wiener no sólo es implacable con las convenciones burguesas, sino que las armas de su arsenal literario apuntan hacia sí misma para llevar a cabo un despiadado autoanálisis que rinde cuenta sobre los excesos turbulentos de su adolescencia. [CZ]

1651 Yucra Ccahuana, Rubén. Qespiriy. Lima: Pakarina Ediciones, 2016. 80 p. (Poesía quechua; 4) Libro bilingüe (quechua y español) que rezuma una sensibilidad germinada en el Ande que compenetra la esfera humana con el mundo natural y animal. El poeta cusqueño (identificado como Auki Amaru) restaura una armonía mística con el universo familiar nativo: los halcones se comunican con sus parientes, la tierra se metamorfosea en un útero que lo protege de la marginación experimentada en la ciudad capital. Las costumbres precolombinas cobran vigencia en la adoración al dios sol (Inti) y en el vínculo con los cerros tutelares (apus). El autor proyecta su propia muerte como un viaje de retorno a su ciudad natal y visualiza la reintegración de su cadáver con las profundidades atávicas de la madre tierra. Además de regodearse en la musicalidad de las canciones quechuas (harawis) para mitigar la tristeza del desamor, Yucra alza su voz de protesta ante el impacto dañino de la economía neoliberal que explota a las comunidades campesinas. [CZ]

1650 Wong Kcomt, Julia. Tequilaprayers. Lima: Paracaídas Soluciones Editoriales, 2017. 97 p.: some color ill. Una vigorosa voz femenina se levanta convertida en “puño,” “navaja,” “cuchillo” para desafiar estructuras patriarcales dominantes en una sociedad marcada por la exclusión de posturas divergentes. El rol activo de la mujer sigue un esquema de transmisión generacional que se ramifica de abuelas a madres y de éstas a sus hijas. Este lenguaje combativo incorpora, dentro del imaginario colectivo, a ciertas identidades marginadas por el curso histórico del Perú. De este modo, la herencia china, japonesa o coreana se revalora para visibilizar la experiencia de migrantes cuya complejidad racial se asienta en la mezcla de elementos biológicos y culturales. La voz poética siente orgullo por su aspecto étnico dual: “Sigo siendo del Este, una híbrida del Este.” Resulta evidente

SPECIAL STUDIES

1652 Espina, Eduardo. tSURnamis, Volumen 1. Buenos Aires: Mansalva, 2017. 164 p. (Campo real; XIX) Según Charles Bernstein, los ensayos literarios del poeta uruguayo Eduardo Espina son “Montaigne en Las Vegas.” Este libro se compone de 11 ensayos sobre nueve escritores latinoamericanos del siglo XX: Delmira Agustini, Jorge Luis Borges, Marosa di Giorgio, Carlos Fuentes, Gabriel García Márquez, Julio Cortázar, Octavio Paz, José Emilio Pacheco y Mario Benedetti. En cada ensayo, Espina combina crítica literaria, biografía, autobiografía (conoció personalmente a algunos escritores, como di Giorgio y Borges) y un buen sentido del humor. Los espejos ubicuos en la escritura de Borges recuerdan a Espina la canción de Michael Jackson, “The Man in the Mirror” (p. 46); los Historias de cronopios y de famas de Cortá-

Literature: Spanish America: Drama / 425 zar fueron “el Twitter de los años sesenta” (p. 113); Delmira Agustini—en Uruguay, frecuentemente mencionada por su nombre solamente, Delmira, es como “Adele, Cher, Se-

lena, Gilda, Madonna, Shakira [. . .] Lorde” (p. 20). Este libro se titula tSURnamis, Volumen 1. Es una lástima que, según el autor, no haya Volumen 2. [JMP]

Drama ELAINE M. MILLER , Professor of Spanish, Christopher Newport University SARAH M. MISEMER , Professor of Hispanic Studies, Texas A&M University MEXICO, CENTRAL AMERICA, AND THE CARIBBEAN

MOST OF THE PLAYS annotated for HLAS 76 are by dramatists from Mexico and Cuba. The authors and those from Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, and Puerto Rico generally have established reputations for the quality of their dramaturgy. Some of their plays, such as Amantes and Del polvo soy by Kyle Boza (items 1661 and 1662), Los coberos del reino by Efraim Castillo (item 1665), Mecánica by Abel González Melo (item 1678), La negociación by Flavio González Mello (item 1676), and Dos piezas trágicas by César Sánchez Beras (item 1689), have won national prizes, ensuring their publication and possibly subsidized production. Also among these plays are those that won awards from the Mexican artistic collective TeatroSinParedes for dramatists younger than age 35 (item 1684). Most of the plays address themes related to urban life. However, Gabriela Ynclán’s collection of three plays, Mujeres de tierra y fuego (item 1680), and Elizabeth Araiza Hernández’s study of the relationship between ritual, Indigenous identity, and theater (item 1697) focus on the concerns of those living in rural Mexico. History and real-life events inspired many of the plays. The works have a variety of approaches to their subject matter but share the goal of calling attention to events often overlooked in official history, especially the need for a more thorough accounting of human rights abuses. Por maricón (item 1686) includes transcripts from a 19th-century Puerto Rican court case concerning sodomy and the essay written by an historian upon which playwright Roberto Ramos-Perea based his work. Other dramatists set their plays during historical events without referring explicitly to source material, instead developing a wide range of perspectives through their fictional characters. Some examples include Dos piezas trágicas by César Sánchez Brías (item 1689), who emphasizes in an introductory note that his work is a dramatic recreation of the Dominican government’s authoritarianism during the Belaguer presidency and the plays by different authors in the anthology (item 1658) dealing with the Tlatelolco massacre in Mexico City. Another interesting approach in Mexican drama is the interweaving of archival research with personal stories. Julie Ann Ward’s study, A Shared Truth (item 1718), documents the use of personal narratives within the work of the independent theatrical company Lagartijas Tiradas al Sol. In ¿Y si no hubiera un pequeño lugar para mí en este mundo? (item 1668), Edgar Chías cites the newspaper article that sparked his interest in a town with the highest concentration of suicides and invites those involved in the play’s production to incorporate their own perspectives. Ramos-Perea’s play (item 1686) illustrates a thematic focus on the oppression of women and LBGTTQ people in recently published plays. The plays by Ynclán

426 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76

(item 1680) and Salvadoran dramatist Jorgelina Cerritos (item 1666) focus on how women struggle, sometimes unsuccessfully, to survive the violence stemming from patriarchal social norms. A 30th-anniversary edition of Gonzalo Valdés Medellín’s A tu intocable persona (item 1692), the fi rst Mexican play to specifically mention AIDS, and an anthology of poems, essays, narrative, and drama that dialogues with the literary works of Nemir Matos Cintrón (item 1682), known for writing the fi rst book of poetry in Puerto Rico to openly address lesbianism, both honor pioneers who challenged the status quo and serve as reminders of the need to continue fighting for equality for all. Metatheatrical techniques continue to be a common trend as seen in Kyle Boza’s play, about Syrian refugees, Del polvo soy (item 1662), that acknowledges that the people performing are Costa Rican actors. Many works are adaptations of, or original pieces based on, well-known dramas, including Abel González Melo’s Mecánica (item 1678), which inverts the gender roles in Ibsen’s A Doll’s House and moves the setting from 19th-century Norway to a modern-day Cuban beach resort. Noteworthy original works include Jaime Chabaud’s Anamnesis (item 1667), which is based on Shakespeare’s King Lear and set in contemporary Mexico, and Cerritos’ Borrador de mujeres en el mito (item 1666), a collection of three plays that gives voice to female characters from Shakespeare’s Hamlet, García Lorca’s La casa de Bernarda Alba, and Euripides’ Medea, while connecting their dilemmas to those that Salvadoran women face today. Puppet and marionette theater stand out among the recent publications from Cuba, continuing a tradition established in the 20th century. Most of the authors are well known for their works directed at adult audiences, such as Joel Cano and Ulises Rodríguez Febles. However, one anthology, El retablo del tío Juan (item 1654), is a collection of plays by Juan Acosta, who has an accomplished trajectory working solely in children’s theater. Many of these plays are adaptations of fairy tales and short stories. Cano’s Los aretes que le faltan a la luna (item 1664) is an original work, as are the plays by Rodríguez Febles in La cabeza intranquila y otras obras (item 1688), whose characters are real-life heroes. In general, these Cuban plays encourage children to think critically and act independently to resolve their problems. Also of interest is the analysis of Norge Espinosa’s La virgencita de bronce, a marionette play for adult audiences based on the 19th-century Cuban novel Cecilia Valdés, in Análisis de la dramaturgia cubana actual (item 1695). The recent studies about theater focus on actors, directors, and theatrical companies rather than on playwrights and their dramaturgy. Examples of this tendency are Hippies de barranco (item 1700) about Salvadoran director Roberto Salomán, Los 12 (item 1713) about an independent Cuban theatrical company and Jesús Valdés (item 1705) about a famous Mexican actor and director. These books highlight the strong influence of the Stanislavski method and techniques used in Grotowski’s poor theater on the training of actors to produce realistic interpretations. [EMM] SOUTH AMERICA

The annotated bibliography of critical works and plays collected for HLAS 76 reflects the high quantity and quality of works being produced in the field of Latin American theater and demonstrates the field’s ongoing vitality and vigor. The inclusion of topics and geographical areas normally marginalized outside of mainstream publications on theater and performance are thankfully present here. Ricardo Dubatti’s critical edition Malvinas: la guerra en el teatro, el teatro

Literature: Spanish America: Drama / 427

de la guerra (item 1707) includes six plays that share the theme of the MalvinasFalkland Islands War. Accompanying the plays is a detailed and important scholarly apparatus for studying the controversial war on its 35th anniversary. The plays include two works that debuted in Buenos Aires, but the majority of the plays in this collection were fi rst performed outside of the capital. In addition to Dubatti’s excellent overview of the historical event and a detailed accounting of the war’s commemoration in other plays, preceeding each work are short critical studies written by scholars from regions throughout Argentina. Their essays provide a much richer context for understanding the war and its depictions than a singularly located vision. Another fi ne example of a nontraditional approach can be found in El ciclo musical candelario: aportación del Teatro La Candelaria a un esbozo de teatro musical colombiano, original y crítico (item 1711). Andrés Rodríguez Ferreira examines the connection between theater and its musical traditions. Traditional theatrical studies often overlook music as an element of staging and it typically receives even less attention as an element of dramaturgy within the theatrical spectacle. Here, Rodríguez Ferreira traces musical traditions from classical theater in ancient Greece to theater and performance to Latin American, and specifically, Colombian contexts. Based on his experience as a member of La Candelaria, Rodríguez explains how a new kind of theatrical spectacle was born through an intense union of music and dramaturgy. For La Candelaria, this practice began in the 1980s and continued to evolve. Turning to the River Plate, Roger Mirza’s collection Crísis de la dramaturgia y las prácticas escénicas en la contemporaneidad (item 1701) is a “must read” for any scholar seeking to understand the panorama and evolution of postdictatorship theater and performance in the Southern Cone. This volume has a heavy focus on contemporary Uruguayan theater and Uruguayan director-playwrights. Other sections include essays on theoretical approaches to acting in Brazilian theater, vanguard and postvanguard theater as seen through a comparative lens, River Plate theater, and recent productions of classical theater. Mirza unites many important scholarly voices, such as Jorge Dubatti, Grisby Ogás Pugas, Ricardo Dubatti, Mariana Percovich, and Gustavo Remedi, to name but a few. José-Luis García Barrientos’ volume Análisis de la dramaturgia uruguaya actual (item 1696) continues this examination of current theatrical practice in the Banda Oriental. The collection of essays includes an important introductory piece by Roger Mirza on the esthetics of dissolution or disintegration theater (the latter is a term he shares with the Argentine critic Osvaldo Pellettieri). He provides a context for a discussion of the work of six of the most important director-playwrights working in the late 1990s and early years of the new millennium in Uruguay (Mariana Percovich, Marianella Morena, Roberto Suárez, Sergio Blanco Gabriel Calderón, and Santiago Sanguinetti). García Barrientos provides a critical introduction to analyzing theatrical works, which the contributors utilize as a framework in their chapters dedicated to each of the figures. These two volumes signal the continued abundance of quality productions and the growing recognition of Uruguay’s contemporary theater by scholars and the international community. The joint venture between Prototeatro (an organization created in 1999 and fi nanced by the Ministry of Culture to protect and foment “non-official” or alternative theater activity in Buenos Aires) and Eudeba (the press for the University of Buenos Aires) has produced a series of volumes that seek to promote work by a diverse set of dramatists. Some of the collections that will interest readers are: Hendiduras (item 1691), a compilation of eight of Susana Torres Molina’s recent

428 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76

works, including her well-known Esa extraña forma de passion; and Teatro reunido (item 1653), a volume that unites five works by Patricio Abadi, and begins with the unpublished Lágrima de junco, which received First Prize TBK, and a Mention in the Argentores competition, as well as his other well-known play El Estadio de Arena. The collection featuring Abadi’s work is accompanied by a prologue (written by Susana Torres Molina), a concluding study by Ricardo Dubatti, as well as an interview with Abadi. Also of important note, is the volume dedicated to Arístides Vargas’ work, Teatro I (item 1717) prepared by Marita Foix. The work is part of the multivolume Colección Biblioteca proteatro issued by Eudeba (Editorial Universitaria Buenos Aires) and features a preliminary study by Jorge Dubatti, five of Vargas’ plays (including his widely acclaimed Nuestra Señora de las Nubes), plus studies on Vargas’ work with Malayerba, an interview, chronology of works, and other critical studies. Other individual volumes in the Colección Biblioteca proteatro feature collected works by Enrique Papatino (Teatro uno), Eduardo Grilli (Cinco dramáticas comedias), Gilda Bona (Mundos celestiales), Luis Cano (Insistencias), Miguel Ángel Diani (La leyenda del poeta y otros textos), Marcos Rozenzvaig (Monólogos teatrales: teatro, cine, cuento y novella), Daniel Dalmaroni (Teatro reunido) and a critical study and compliation of Ezequiel Gusmeroti’s work by César Brie (Teatro reciente). Taken as a whole, this collection makes an important contribution to the dissemination and preservation of a wide range of dramatic voices in Argentina that displace the canon of “official” statesponsored theater. The University of the Republic (Udelar) in Uruguay has also embarked on a publication of research-driven studies such as the one coordinated by scholar and editor, Gustavo Remedi, Teatro fuera de los teatros: reflexiones críticas desde el archipiélago teatral (item 1714). As its title suggests, this edited volume takes its cue from Eugenio Barba’s terms “archipiélago teatral” and “tercer teatro” and combines these concepts with impulses from socially conscious theater, to explore a wide continuum of contemporary theatrical practices and trends in Uruguay. Remedi and his co-contributors emphasize the exploration of theater within and outside of traditional systems to better understand practices that exist along the margins or in interstices. Their focus is on daily social behaviors and social settings that invoke theatricality and performance in Argentina and Uruguay. Remedi has chosen a diverse group of scholars and actors/directors that represent multiple regions in Argentina and Uruguay, as well as Mexico and the US. [SMM]

PLAYS

1653 Abadi, Patricio. Teatro reunido. Prólogo de Susana Torres Molina. Estudio postliminar de Ricardo Dubatti. Buenos Aires: Eudeba, 2016. 173 p.: bibl. (Colección Biblioteca Proteatro) This compilation unites five works by Patricio Abadi, and begins with the unpublished Lágrima de junco, which received First Prize TBK, and a Mention in the Argentores competition, as well as his other well-known play El estadio de arena. The

collection featuring Abadi’s work is accompanied by a prologue (written by esteemed playwright Susana Torres Molina), a concluding study by Ricardo Dubatti, as well as an interview with Abadi. [SMM]

1654 Acosta, Juan. El retablo del tío Juan. La Habana: Ediciones Alarcos, 2014. 169 p. (Colección Aire frío) This anthology of eight puppet plays by a Cuban dramatist, actor, director and musician with an accomplished trajectory in children’s theater includes: Conejín y los

Literature: Spanish America: Drama: Plays / 429 conejos, Pollito Pito, Ratoncito, El traje del Emperador, Caperucita Roja, El león y el perrito, Pipitico venció el miedo and Juana la charlatana. These adaptations of fairy tales, a Ukrainian folk tale, stories by Hans Christian Anderson, the Grimm brothers and Tolstoy, as well as an original piece by Acosta, feature music, audience participation, and storytellers or actors performing without puppets. [EMM]

1655 Aguilar, Jimena. Un día es un montón de cosas. Edición cuatrilingüe. Buenos Aires: Libros del Rojas, 2013. 161 p. The Premio Germán Rozenmacher, here in its eighth year, was developed to recognize talent by those who are 35 years old and younger. The prize is organized by the Ministry of Culture for the City of Buenos Aires. The jury for the VIII prize was comprised by Andrea Garrote, Jorge Dubatti, and Mariano Saba, and the entries totaled 152 original plays. [SMM]

bolic concepts of space in these plays. Time is also treated as variable in this collection of plays, where it is presented as “mutilated” (as a result of exile and economic crisis), as a “mythical-documentary” (historical revisionism combined with the use of docudrama), and social erosion (the result of failed neoliberalism on individuals and society). Finally, Tossi identifies the strong participation of female practitioners, as well as feminist politics (resistance, marginalization) and topics of violence, eroticism, and the exploration of femininity as common theatrical aspects of the postdictatorship. The anthology features 14 plays, and will be a welcome addition to existing postdictatorship collections. Tossi’s introduction fi lls a void in scholarly contextualization for plays produced after 1983 outside of the capital of Buenos Aires. He recognizes subtleties in these regional productions that reflect larger trends, while retaining territorial specificity. [SMM]

1656 Antología de teatro rionegrino en la posdictadura. Compilación e estudio preliminar de Mauricio Tossi. Contribuciones de Concepción Roca et al. Argentina: Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, 2015. 292 p.: bibl. (Aperturas. Letras, lingüística y comunicación) Mauricio Tossi’s preliminary study to the anthology makes evident the need for a systematic organization of theatrical production in the Patagonia region of Argentina in the postdictatorship period beginning in 1983. As Tossi explains, when he began, no comprehensive archive, study, or catalog of the plays produced in the period existed. Tossi’s introduction is a carefully crafted chapter that takes into account the binaries that exist between theater as a written literature and performance as an ephemeral event, the political and economic nuances in the post dictatorship periods, as well as the differences in territories (historical, geographical, and geopolitical) that make up the Patagonia region. Tossi also offers a few strands to connect the poetics that defi ne the concept of space in the plays in this anthology. He fi nds that space is treated as a complex convergence between diverse, and even contradictory notions that test limits. Rigid demarcations give way to fluidity between the external, internal, real, and sym-

1657 Antología del teatro santafesino actual. Compilación de Jorge Ricci y Roberto Schneider. Contribuciones de Ulises Bechis et al. Santa Fe, Argentina: Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 2016. 274 p. (Itinerarios) In keeping with the trend seen in other recent anthologies of highlighting theatrical productions outside of the capital of Buenos Aires, the present volume highlights and provides visibility for artists producing works in the province of Santa Fe, Argentina between 2000–2016 (date of the volume’s publication). Editors Jorge Ricci and Roberto Schneider pay homage in the prologue to the initial stage of independent theater in Santa Fe, which they date as lasting from 1950–66, as the impulse for what would grow into the burgeoning work of artists in the 21st century. All of the 10 play texts featured in this volume were staged. The fi nal selection also includes a description of the 2008 performance of Tres en juego o cómo congelar el tiempo, by Schneider. The volume closes with a description of the dramatists, many of whom also teach, perform, and/or direct. For those looking to gain a wider perspective on Argentine independent theater, this volume augments the more widely available complement of scholarly volumes and

430 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 anthologies currently available on theater produced in Buenos Aires. [SMM]

1658 Antología: teatro del 68. Compilación de Felipe Galván. Ciudad de México: UNAM, Centro Cultural Universitario Tlatelolco, 2018. 414 p. (Brigadistas) An anthology published on the 50th anniversary of the Tlatelolco massacre. Written in the 1970s and 1990s by dramatists such as the compiler Felipe Galván, Jesús González Dávila, Emilio Carballido, Adam Guevara, Gabriela Ynclán, and Miguel Angel Tenorio, these same 13 plays were published by Galván in an anthology in 1999. These plays break the official silence surrounding the killing of university students by Mexican government forces, the earliest ones indirectly due to censorship. With a variety of styles and tones, these mostly one-act plays alternate between past and present to contrast youthful idealism with cynical and nostalgic adult viewpoints. [EMM] 1659 Aramburú, Roxana. Despojos: teatro, identidad y memoria. La Plata, Argentina: Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 2016. 121 p.: bibl., ill. This collection of plays takes a timely look at historical moments and topics that have shaped national politics in Argentina. The topics explored range from the colonial period and its brutalization of Indigenous peoples and recent requests for the repatriation of those deterritorialized Indigenous persons and their remains to the postdictatorship discovery of bones and other DNA material from citizens who were disappeared and murdered during the Dirty War. The collection includes four plays by Aramburú (Ultimamente vencidos, Tierra adentro, Si vas a llorar, que sea de noche), and one she co-authored with Patricia Suárez (Damiana, una niña ache), along with commentaries by Fernando M. Pepe, Omar Sánchez, José L. Arce, Alejandra Varela, and Julia Lavatelli. In revisiting and connecting themes from Argentine history, Aramburú approaches questions of national identity and memory within the framework of contemporary issues regarding diversity and marginalized communities. The volume also includes beautiful artwork by Andrés Zerneri between entries. [SMM]

1660 Ballo, Nélida. Última versión: dramaturgia. San Juan, Argentina: Editorial Universidad Nacional de San Juan, 2015. 150 p. This latest collection of plays is an important contribution by Nélida Ballo, one of the most recognized female playwrights from the “provincias” in Argentina. She has had a long career in acting and dramaturgy, and has worked to foment theatrical production in San Juan, her hometown. This anthology features a prologue by Perla Zayas de Lima, and eight plays (La comisión, Savia nueva, Cómplice, Para siempre, La pareja, De otros vientos, Cocotte, and Tiempo de silencio), as well as a curriculum of Ballo’s work. Four of the plays included have been recognized and awarded in various venues. [SMM] 1661 Boza Gómez, Kyle. Amantes. San José: Editorial Costa Rica, 2018. 68 p. (Teatro) This suspenseful play presents what appear to be simultaneous romantic relationships that a man in his 80s has with a younger and older woman. It later becomes clear that the women are the same person, his wife experiencing memory loss. The couple’s personal struggles become political as they examine why she repeatedly reenacts specific moments from her past. The trauma of being raped by police after being detained at a protest remains even as she grows more forgetful about other aspects of life. Winner of a national award for this play, the dramatist has received critical acclaim as part of the Costa Rican Emergentes generation, theater practitioners who were born in the 1980s. [EMM] 1662 Boza Gómez, Kyle. Del polvo soy. . . San José: Editorial Costa Rica: Teatro Nacional, Costa Rica, 2017. 45 p. (Teatro) A metatheatrical play about two siblings who are Syrian refugees and their interaction with immigration officials, in which three actors alternate between playing themselves and the characters. While this breaking of theatrical illusion creates critical distancing from something that seems not directly to affect the audience, a scene imagining a possible future for the siblings’ younger sister, who had died in a bombing, produces strong emotional

Literature: Spanish America: Drama: Plays / 431 impact. References to the fate of refugees trapped in Costa Rica after Nicaragua closed its international border highlight the relevance of the play’s theme in contemporary Costa Rica. Winner of a national award for this play, Boza has received critical acclaim as part of the Costa Rican Emergentes generation, theater practitioners who were born in the 1980s. [EMM]

1663 Caicedo Estela, Andrés. Andrés Caicedo, teatro. Edición de Sandro Romero Rey. Cali, Colombia: Universidad del Valle, Programa Editorial, 2017. 222 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Artes y humanidades. Teatro) Romero Rey’s introduction to a collection of a half dozen works by the wellrespected Colombian dramatist Andrés Caicedo provides an excellent context for understanding the cultural milieu of the 1960s in which Caicedo received his formation as a young actor and dramatist. Romero Rey describes the spectrum of influences that informed Caicedo’s education in theater, which included the thenconservative Teatro Experimental de Cali (TEC), the vanguard Casa de Cultura (later known as Teatro La Candelaria), as well as the myriad festivals that brought North American and European works to Latin America. Around 1967, Caicedo’s trajectory crossed paths with Enrique Buenaventura’s for the fi rst time (Buenaventura served as a jurist on the fi rst prize Caicedo won at the III Festival de Teatro de Cali for his La piel del otro héroe). At this time, Caicedo became interested in Ionesco’s work and the theater of the absurd, and he also began to follow the TEC’s new directions as it adopted a more radical posture. Later, Caicedo developed stronger ties to Buenaventura who directed the TEC. Caicedo also adopted Marxism, became enamored with fi lm, and began to publish texts, journals, and pamphlets that he designed, along with short stories. As Romero Rey explains, Caicedo eventually started to concentrate more exclusively on fi lm where he struggled with commercial success. In 1977, he commited suicide. As a result, Caicedo’s work is confi ned to his young adult life and perpetually identified with the rebelliousness of youth at a time when artists and writers like Buenaventura, José Triana, Mario Vargas Llosa and others were

experimenting with innovative techniques and politically committed art. The six plays in this volume begin in 1966 with Las curiosas conciencias and end in 1972 with El mar. The fi nal entry in the volume is a series of photographs taken by Diego Vélez from the original production of El mar, which featured actors Jaime Acosta as the character José and Ramiro Arbeláez as characters Jacinto and Jesús, with costumes by Socorro Mondragón. This critical anthology is a well-crafted and beautiful collection of Caicedo’s works. [SMM]

1664 Cano, Joel. Los aretes que le faltan a la luna: fábula surrealista para marionetas y actores. Matanzas, Cuba: Ediciones Matanzas, 2016. 100 p. (Colección Cuarto menguante) A play for marionettes by a Cuban writer living in France who is well known for his plays for children and adults. It includes information from the author about this and his other pieces of children’s theater. In this one-act surrealistic play requiring five actors to play 26 characters, a boy overcomes his fears during a dream. Much of the dialogue consists of verses sung by the characters. The importance of memory is emphasized as the boy realizes that he has the courage to resolve problems by himself. [EMM] 1665 Castillo, Efraím. Los coberos del reino: drama en seis cuadros. Santo Domingo: Editora Nacional, 2017. 79 p. (Teatro) Winner of a national prize, this historical drama with six scenes takes place in the Dominican Republic during the dictatorship of Rafael Trujillo in the early 1930s. As its title and introductory note indicate, the play focuses on those who play up to those in power with adulation and fibs instead of revealing what they really think. The character Trujillo is aware of how this practice mutually benefits him in gaining respect and his advisors, leading intellectuals, members of the Dominican and US military, and the clergy, in acquiring more power. [EMM] 1666 Cerritos, Jorgelina. Borrador de mujeres en el mito: teatro dentro del teatro. Antiguo Cuscatlán, El Salvador: Editorial Delgado, 2017. 95 p.

432 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 This collection of three metatheatrical plays (La mujer del trapecio o Guirnaldas bajo la luz que parpadea, La mujer del umbral o La virgen de la cueva and La mujer de la daga o Sobreviviendo a Medea) focuses on three female characters: Ophelia from Shakespeare’s Hamlet, María Josefa from García Lorca’s La casa de Bernarda Alba and Euripides’ Medea. These plays critique the silencing of women in patriarchal societies, including the representation of these famous female characters by male authors and the violence perpetrated against women in contemporary El Salvador. [EMM]

1667 Chabaud, Jaime. Anamnesis; y, Niños chocolate. Ciudad de México: Teatro sin Paredes, 2016. 122 p.: bibl., portrait. (Teatro) Two plays by a prolific dramatist. The fi rst is an original work based on King Lear set in contemporary Mexico that was commissioned to honor the 450th anniversary of Shakespeare’s birth at the Festival Internacional Cervantino. The second play, which has been performed for teenage and adult audiences, calls attention to the child slave labor on cacao plantations in the Ivory Coast and Ghana exploited by major chocolate manufacturers. Both focus on fatherdaughter relationships and use narration by the characters to explain their own thoughts and actions and those of others. [EMM] 1668 Chías, Edgar. La semilla; ¿Y si no hubiera un pequeño lugar para mí en este mundo? Ciudad de México: EdicionesTeatroSinParedes, 2017. 170 p.: ill., map. (Teatro) Two plays inspired by newspaper reports that propose unconventional stagings. In La semilla, a woman comes to terms with the scandalous circumstances of her origin after discovering that her parents had an incestuous relationship as grandmother and grandson and hired a surrogate to give birth to her. The author’s note states that four or five voices, which need not correspond to those of the characters, provide choral narration. ¿Y si no hubiera un pequeño lugar para mí en este mundo? focuses on a town with the highest concentration of suicides in Mexico. Using elements of documentary and postdramatic theater, it highlights how the push for progress has

alienated young men, with implications not just for this one town, but all Mexican society. [EMM]

1669 Díaz, Jorge. Actos inciertos: obras breves. Edición de María Teresa Salinas Díaz y Paolo Olivares Rojas. Santiago: RiL Editores, 2017. 388 p. This collection and El resplandor de la memoria (see item 1670) thematically repackage Díaz’s extensive body of work into two manageable anthologies of fulllength plays and short plays. Actos inciertos reproduces 28 of Díaz’s nearly 65 short plays that range in topic—from humorous to politically committed. The plays are arranged in three categories: monólogos, diálogos, and polifónicas. In addition to the works themselves (some of which have never been staged nor published), there is an unpublished text by Díaz at the beginning of the collection titled “Sobre el teatro breve,” in which the dramatist notes the difficulty of defi ning what exactly makes a play “brief.” He muses on the term “breve” noting that neither duration nor an extensive development of plot are adequate for determining what makes a short play or for what makes a short play “good.” In these two new collections, readers will recognize the continuation of Salinas’ (Díaz’s niece) previous efforts at curating and memorializing Díaz’s work in Siete obras desconocidas de Jorge Díaz: Humor, amor y otros delirios, which was published in 2013. [SMM] 1670 Díaz, Jorge. El resplandor de la memoria: obras esenciales. Edición de María Teresa Salinas Díaz. Estudio preliminar de Eduardo Guerrero del Río. Santiago: RiL Editores, 2017. 547 p.: bibl. This collection and Actos inciertos (see item 1669) thematically repackage Díaz’s extensive body of work into two manageable anthologies of full-length plays and short plays. In Resplandor de la memoria , 12 full-length plays (from the more than nearly 170 that Díaz wrote in his lifetime) were selected to demonstrate themes of duality and humor, often times grotesque and/or absurd. These plays were also chosen because they represent some of the best examples of Díaz’s talent (seen in his thorough treatment of topics and well-developed characters), and they are

Literature: Spanish America: Drama: Plays / 433 works that can be adapted from the text and performed on stage. The collection begins with Díaz’s best-known play from 1960, El cepillo de dientes, and ends with his play Amoricidio, from 2005. In these two new collections, readers will recognize the continuation of Salinas’ (Díaz’s niece) previous efforts at curating and memorializing Díaz’s work in Siete obras desconocidas de Jorge Díaz: Humor, amor y otros delirios, which was published in 2013. [SMM]

1671 Enríquez, José Ramón; José María de Tavira; and Luis de Tavira. El corazón de la materia: Teilhard, el jesuita. Prólogo de Santiago Aranda. Ciudad de México: Ediciones El Milagro, 2017. 142 p.: bibl., ill., photos. Dealing with the ecological perspectives of the Jesuit priest, scientist, paleontologist, philosopher, and poet Pierre Teilhard de Chardin (1881–1955), the scenes in this two-part play interweave episodes from his life in European rural locations, the trenches during World War I, a French museum, China, and the Vatican with those of a reporter interviewing a survivor of the Chernobyl disaster and contemporary Indigenous Mexicans affected by violence after resisting the privatization of natural resources. Teilhard, who faced censure for his writings about evolution that confl icted with the Catholic doctrine, becomes a source of inspiration for those now seeking environmental conservation. [EMM] 1672 Febles Tabares, Remberto. Música cubana: un drama ternario, con dos estribillos y una coda. Matanzas, Cuba: Ediciones Aldabón, 2016. 61 p. (Aldabón teatro; 1) Using the organization of a song, including a chorus and coda, this play follows the story of a trio that performs traditional Cuban music for tourists at a beach resort. When one of the musicians is offered a contract by an Italian businessman to make a video to promote his performances in Europe, he must decide if he wants to abandon loyalty to his bandmates and the desire to remain true to his own talent and creativity. The ending emphasizes the pressures that commercialization puts on artists and the manipulation in publicity surrounding artistic creations to sell them. [EMM]

1673 Gambaro, Griselda. Querido Ibsen: soy Nora; El don. Buenos Aires: Alfaguara, 2017. 147 p.: ill. (Narrativa hispánica) This slim volume features two of Griselda Gambaro’s most recent plays, which were the focus of a tripartite collaboration among Gambaro, director Silvio Lang and actor Cristina Banegas. The most wellknown is Querido Ibsen: soy Nora, which debuted in 2013 in Buenos Aires. This play presents a feminist refashioning of Henrik Ibsen’s classic work, The Doll House, in which Nora rebels against her creator, who is embodied on stage as a character. [SMM] 1674 García Sandoval, Omar. Yo moriré esta noche; Sueños; Los volcanes del Anáhuac. Prólogo de Gonzalo Valdés Medellín. Ciudad de México: Editorial Ariadna, 2016. 140 p.: ill. (Tespis de Icaria; 4) Includes three plays. Yo moriré esta noche is a one-act dramatic poem based on Shakespeare’s Hamlet and set in the present. Sueños offers a unique staging option in which the audience dines with two actors representing a married couple. This one-act play with absurdist elements presents the loss of the couple’s illusions as the wife, unhappy in the relationship, develops an eating disorder and attempts suicide. Los volcanes del Anáhuac is a five-act tragedy that recasts the Nahua legend of the volcanoes Popocatépetl and Itzaccíhuatl. In this version, priests betray their own empire and the princess actively fights when she is deceived about the death of the man she loves. [EMM] 1675 Gehrenbeck, Lupe. Gregor Mac Gregor: Rey de los Mosquitos y otras obras. Caracas: Editorial Eclepsidra, 2018. 433 p.: ill. (Dramaturgia) This anthology of works by the Venezuelan actor, playwright, and writer, who resides in New York, provides an important sample of the plays that have won Gehrenbeck prizes and acclaim in many international settings. [SMM] 1676 González Mello, Flavio. La negociación. Monterrey, Mexico: CONARTE, Consejo para la Cultura y las Artes de Nuevo León, 2017. 129 p. (Memoria del futuro. Concursos) Winner of a national prize, this two-act play explores power struggles, a

434 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 theme addressed in other works by this well-known dramatist. Set in contemporary Mexico City and reflecting middle-class speech, a divorced couple seeks to gain fi nancial advantage over each other as they work with a professional negotiator, rather than the police, to arrange the ransom amount for their kidnapped teenage son. Interesting dream sequences in which the couple imagines the negotiator’s collusion with the kidnappers build suspense as it becomes clear that the corruption is within their own family. [EMM]

1677 González Melo, Abel. Fugas de invierno. Prólogo de Sergio Blanco. La Habana: Editorial Letras Cubanas, 2017. 200 p. (Repertorio teatral cubano) The fi rst publication in a single volume of three plays in a trilogy by an important contemporary Cuban playwright. Written in 2005 and 2009 and set in Old Havana, all show characters struggling to survive during hard economic times and changing social mores via nonlinear storytelling, flashbacks, and stage directions appearing to be the perspective of an additional character or narrator. In Chamaco, a male prostitute kills the son of a male client. In Nevada, a young couple dies violently, ending their dream of immigrating to the US with the money that they earned from prostitution. In Talco, the characters engage in prostitution and drug trafficking in an old cinema in danger of collapse. [EMM] 1678 González Melo, Abel. Mecánica: demostración de las leyes del movimiento. La Habana: Ediciones Unión, 2016. 80 p. In this national award-winning play, part of the trilogy Verano deluxe, the important Cuban dramatist, González Melo, shifts focus from his earlier plays about those living on the margins of society to the upper middle class living and working in present times at a beach resort. An adaptation that inverts the gender roles in Ibsen’s A Doll’s House and offers a different conclusion, it calls attention to the corruption, hypocrisy, and infidelity of those with more access to wealth and power. Its three-act structure is based on Newton’s three laws of motion: inertia, force and action, and reaction. [EMM]

1679 Griffero, Eugenio. Té de reinas; Príncipe Azul; Des tiempo; Ana y Leo; La gripe. Prólogo de Jorge Dubatti. Buenos Aires: Losada, 2016. 231 p. (Colección Gran teatro) This collection provides a prologue by Dubatti that includes written answers to interview questions given to Griffero in 2015. Griffero is perhaps best known for his work in Teatro Abierto in 1982 with Príncipe Azul, and he is sometimes grouped with the Argentine Dramaturgy Generation of ‘75, but Griffero’s career spans decades beginning in 1974. This collection features some of Griffero’s most important works: Té de reinas, Príncipe Azul, Des tiempo (winner of the Premio Molière), Ana y Leo, and La gripe. [SMM] 1680 Inclán, Gabriela. Mujeres de tierra y fuego. Prólogo de Gonzalo Valdés Medellín. Ciudad de México: Editorial Ariadna, 2016. 103 p. (Tespis de Icaria; 6) Three one-act plays (Erial de espera, Tiempo de miedo and Casa de adobe) focusing on the perspectives of female characters from rural areas, some of them Indigenous. All reflect Mexican popular language and include interactions with dead characters as they address themes such as machismo, femicide, incest, and homophobia. In the fi rst one, based on Ricardo Elizondo Elizondo’s story “La botella verde,” the last surviving resident in a village discovers the fate of her son after he emigrated to the US. In the second, four women deal with abuse by the same man. In the third, a young woman, when escaping from her narcotrafficker boyfriend, is aided by the spirit of a woman who was abused by her husband. [EMM] 1681 Jóvenes: novísima dramaturgia argentina. Coordinación de Ricardo Dubatti. Contribuciones de Diego Faturos et al. Buenos Aires: Ediciones del CCC, Centro Cultural de la Cooperación Floreal Gorini, 2015. 251 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Dramaturgia argentina) Dubatti uses a combination of dates and cultural experiences to set the defi ning parameters for the new playwrights included in this collection. The playwrights were born between 1981–90 (although Dubatti acknowledges the fact that any use of dates is arbitrary and problematic, espe-

Literature: Spanish America: Drama: Plays / 435 cially when time passes and “new” turns to old). Dubatti also mentions the common cultural markers that defi ne this generation. Most spent their youth during the postdictatorship and neoliberal period of Presidents Menem and de la Rúa, lived through the 2001 economic crisis and the fallout of neoliberalism, witnessed the devastating effect of the fi re at the República Cromañón nightclub that killed 194 people and injured nearly 1,500, and observed the presidencies of Néstor and Cristina Kirchner, as well as the tremendous growth of technology and digital mediums. Dubatti’s efforts in the current volume are part of a trajectory he began in 2013 to make the work of young artists visible with Off! Novísima dramaturgia argentina, and in 2014 with Nuevas dramaturgias argentinas. Dubatti also includes the work of new theorists and scholars in this volume as critical counterparts to the plays in the form of scholarly introductions. Dubatti collects the work of six dramatists (Diego Faturos, Juan Pablo Galimberti, Sebastián Kirszner, Bárbara Molinari, Mariano Rapetti, Celina Rozenwurcel) and five scholars (Jimena Cecilia Trobetta, Federico Picasso, María Fukelman, Laura Rauch, and Facundo Beret) along with a preliminary study he wrote for Rozenwurcel’s Mécanicas. This volume, as well as previous ones that Dubatti published, has been crafted with high quality and professionalism, providing a needed venue to promote a rich landscape of new talent. [SMM]

1682 Las mujeres si hablan asi: antología LGBTTQI en honor a Nemir Matos Cintrón. Compilación de Yolanda Arroyo Pizarro. Carolina, Puerto Rico: Boreales, 2017. 189 p.: ill. This anthology honors the pioneering writer Nemir Matos Cintrón who, with the publication of the fi rst book of poetry in 1981 to openly address lesbianism in Puerto Rico, paved the way for many authors. It consists of poems, essays, short narrative pieces, and a play in which the contributors dialogue with Matos Cintrón’s literary works. The one-act play La flor de la caléndula: drama biográfico en un acto presents an interview between Matos Cintrón and its author Antonio Sajid López in which she recites some of her poems and uses flashback scenes to dramatize her relationship with

Manuel Ramos Otero, an openly gay Puerto Rican writer who died of complications from AIDS in 1990. [EMM]

1683 Porras, Rodolfo. La punta del iceberg. Caracas: Alcaldía de Caracas, Fondo Editorial Fundarte, 2016. 63 p. Commemorated here as the 2015 winner of the Premio Nacional de Dramaturgia “César Rengifo.” Rodolfo Porras’ La punta del iceberg, presents a critical look at the topic of the petroleum industry within the Venezuelan national context. This national prize, named after one of the best-known figures in Venezuelan theater and performance and cofounder of the Grupo Experimental de Teatro de Máscaras, has been awarded since 2011. The jury for the 2015 prizes consisted of Carlos E. Herrera, Xiomara Leticia Moreno, and Jericó Montilla. Porras submitted his work under the pseudonym “Perro Negro.” For those interested in the convergence of posthumanities topics, as well as humanities scholarship on energy, Porras’ play offers a perspective on how social and cultural politics are heavily influenced by petroleum in Venezuela. [SMM] 1684 Premio Independiente de Joven Dramaturgia (2016). Contribuciones de Manuel Barragán y Jimena Eme Vazquez. Ciudad de México: TeatroSinParedes, 2016. 98 p.: ill. (Teatro) Two plays that won awards sponsored by the TeatroSinParedes artistic collective for playwrights younger than age 35. The lack of stage directions and little or no dialogue between characters are distinguishing features in both. In Mediodía (Seguirá el mal tiempo) the narration of their stories by different characters is interspersed as they fi nd themselves unable to accomplish what they really want to do at critical junctures in their lives because of severe flooding in Mexico City. Aquello que parecemos (#LaTragediaDelOso) mainly uses Twitter and text message exchanges to tell the story of a catfishing, in which a woman deceives her ex-boyfriend into leaving his wife and children for what he thinks is a new relationship with someone whom he met online. [EMM] 1685 Ramos, Alfredo. Los desórdenes de la carne; Orsay, pequeña tragedia argentina; Un amor de Chajarí. Buenos Aires: Losada, 2015. 227 p. (Nuevo teatro)

436 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Included are three of Alfredo Ramos’ recent plays representing his work with Grupo Teatro Berreta de Cámara. Many will be familiar with Ramos’ breakout hit Un amor de Chajarí that enjoyed success in 2006, including participation in national and international festivals, along with numerous awards, and extended runs. His 2009 play, Los desórdenes de la carne, was also a crowd favorite and garnered several prestigious awards. Ramos writes and directs his plays, and the performances evolve from the work he does with the Grupo Teatro Berreta de Cámara, the collective he co-founded in 2002. Following the play texts, the present volume provides additional information that will be helpful to scholars, including an interview with Ramos conducted by Nara Mansur, an essay by Ramos “En busca del ombú. Un viaje adoloscente desde donde leer Adán Buenos Ayres,” and an essay on Ramos’ work with Teatro Berreta de Cámara by Mansur. These three additions by Mansur and Ramos give insight into the creative process that inspires Ramos’ work. [SMM]

1686 Ramos-Perea, Roberto. Por maricón: el proceso por sodomía contra Francisco Sabat y José Colombo, San Juan de Puerto Rico, 1842. Sobre los trabajos históricos de César Augusto Salcedo Chirinos: drama histórico neo-romántico en 33 escenas. Ensayo fotográfico de Esteban Figueroa. San Juan: Publicaciones Gaviota, 2016. 162 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección teatro Gaviota) This neo-romantic historical drama consisting of 33 scenes by a well-known and prolific playwright is based on facts surrounding the court case in San Juan in 1842 against the mulatto tailor Francisco Sabat and the Spanish sergeant José Colombo for charges of sodomy. During that time, social class, race, and colonialism were key factors in determining the guilt and punishment of men accused of homosexuality. It also includes an academic essay about sodomy in 19th-century Puerto Rico by historian César Augusto Salcedo Chirinos, upon whose research the play is based, and transcriptions of the court case and other legal documents found in archives. In an introduction, the dramatist highlights the play’s relevance to the current fight for LGBTTQ rights in Puerto Rico. [EMM]

1687 Ramos Riera, Alejandra. En la azotea: 10 piezas cortas de teatro. San Juan: Ediciones Callejón, 2016. 149 p.: ill. (Coleccion Litoral. Literatura) A collection of 10 short one-act plays that have been staged in Puerto Rico, Spain and the US, each with a performance time of 15 to 20 minutes. Some are single-actor monologues, and the rest have two characters. Reflecting contemporary colloquial speech and often employing humor, these plays feature characters who are dissatisfied with their lives and need to express themselves as they confront family dilemmas and the desire to be loved. In Sinfonía No1, Todo bien, Cosas en común and Buscando el norte, strangers interacting in public spaces move beyond banal expressions to achieve a more profound communication. In Bajo control and Pequeñas razones the characters cope with depression. [EMM] 1688 Rodríguez Febles, Ulises. La cabeza intranquila y otras obras: antología titiritera. Ilustraciones de Abdel de la Campa Escaig. Matanzas, Cuba: Ediciones Matanzas, 2014. 131 p.: ill. (Los molinos. Teatro) This collection of five plays for puppets or marionettes, many of them awardwinning, includes Cyrano y la madre de agua, La cabeza intranquila, La última ascensión, Houdini and Antoine by an author who also writes for adult audiences. All deal with real-life people known internationally for their heroic feats, such as Cyrano de Bergerac, Harry Houdini, and Antoine de Saint-Exùpery, or known in Cuba, including the artist Pedro Esquerré, who fought to preserve an historical building, and the country’s fi rst aeronaut, Domingo Blinó. The protagonists reject materialism in favor of helping others. Some of the plays address children’s reliance on technology today. [EMM] 1689 Sánchez Beras, César. Dos piezas trágicas. Santo Domingo: Editora Nacional, 2018. 79 p. Winners of a national prize, these two tragedies are set in the Dominican Republic during Joaquín Belaguer’s presidency from 1966 to 1978. Both show the government’s authoritarianism during those 12 years when political opponents were jailed and sometimes killed. The author indicates

Literature: Spanish America: Drama: Theater Criticism and History / 437 that the one-act Cuatro disparos en la noche should not be classified as a historical drama, but rather a dramatic recreation of the viewpoints of those involved in the state’s kidnapping and torture of young people connected to the Los Palmeros revolutionaries. The title of the three-act Mansión Herminia refers to a woman who managed a notorious real-life brothel, and the play offers social criticism of sex trafficking with the complicity of high-ranking members of the military. [EMM]

1690 Teatro de las tres Américas: escena, política y ficción. Antología sur. Ciudad de México: EdicionesTeatroSinParedes, 2016. 253 p.: bibl., portraits. This anthology is meant to be the fi rst of a three-part series on North, Central, and South American drama. This volume on South American drama was conceived to touch on issues of memory, politics, and postdictatorship history, as well as contemporary issues regarding family, society, and current events. The anthology brings together works by Argentines Emilio García Wehbi and Diego Aramburu, Brazilian director Roberto Alvim, Chilean playwright and actor Bosco Cayo, Colombian dramatist Jorge Hugo Marín, and Uruguayan Iván Solarich. While this anthology does not contain any plays written by women, the introductory chapter by Gabriela Halac, the founder of DocumentA/Escénicas production space and editorial press, does provide at least one female voice. The assembled playwrights represent a cross-section of dramatists, actors, and directors from the two generations working in the theater today: those who lived through the dictatorship periods and those born after the dictatorships. [SMM] 1691 Torres Molina, Susana. Hendiduras. Buenos Aires: Editorial Universitaria de Buenos Aires. EUDEBA, 2017. 275 p. (Biblioteca Proteatro) A compilation of eight of Susana Torres Molina’s recent works, including her wellknown Esa extraña forma de passion. [SMM] 1692 Valdés Medellín, Gonzalo. A tu intocable persona: delirio dramático en dos actos. Prólogo de Ernesto Reséndiz Oikión. Ciudad de México: Editorial Ariadna, 2016. 140 p.: ill. (Tespis de Icaria; 1)

This edition commemorates the 30th anniversary of the writing of the play and includes performance reviews and essays. A watershed as the fi rst Mexican play to openly address AIDS, it critiques homophobia and the stigma faced by those with HIV and AIDS in a society where Catholic beliefs hold great weight. Centering around interviews conducted by a fictional reporter writing a newspaper article about a gay man diagnosed with AIDS, the play presents the different viewpoints of the man’s partner, his family, friends, doctors, and nurses. [EMM]

1693 Zárate Moreno, Jesús. Piezas teatrales: teatro. Bucaramanga, Colombia: Universidad Industrial de Santander: FUSADER, 2016. 259 p.: ill. (Colección Biblioteca Santander; 4) Better known for his novels, especially his award-winning La cárcel (1972 winner of the Premio Planeta, awarded posthumously), Jesús Zarate Moreno, Colombian writer and diplomat, also produced a number of plays. This collection seeks to resuscitate forgotten works (El único habitante, Automóvil en noche de luna, Cuando pregunten por nosotros, La fleche y la espada and Nuestra adorada cárcel). [SMM] THEATER CRITICISM AND HISTORY Ak’abal, Humberto. De Ak’Abal a Ak’abal. See item 1591.

1694 Alzate Cuervo, Liliana. El teatro femenino: una dramaturgia fronteriza. Segunda edición. Cali, Colombia: Universidad del Valle, Programa Editorial, 2016. 176 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Artes y humanidades) This book combines preliminary scholarly material with play texts, and also features a large number of photographs of performances. Given the recent women’s movements taking place on a global scale (#MeToo, #NiUnaMenos, Times Up, etc.) Liliana Alzate Cuervo’s effort to recognize the work by women in theater and performance and within the realm of gender studies resonates in the current climate. There is an emphasis on performance and the body, and Alzate Cuervo situates her discussion of Colombian theater by and

438 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 about women within the larger context of Latin American political, historical, and artistic movements, as well as feminist and LGBTQ+ studies. The plays and performances feature Indigenous, criollo, and regionally specific themes, while also including classical Greek figures such as Antigone. In this way, Alzate Cuervo tethers the performances and plays by Beatriz Camargo, Carolina Vivas Ferreira, and Patricia Ariza to a sociohistorical tradition that has been intertwined with patriarchy and politics designed to marginalize women. Alzate Cuervo’s study reveals how live performance by women problematizes the historical erasure of and limitations imposed on the female body when we see and hear women performing female characters on the stage. Voice and corporeality in performance are shown to act as counterweights to social practices that disembody, disenfranchise, and disempower women. [SMM]

1695 Análisis de la dramaturgia cubana actual. Dirección de José Luis García Barrientos. Madrid: Ediciones Antígona, 2016. 330 p.: bibl. (Crítica. Serie Análisis teatral; 17) This book of analytical essays about the works of recognized Cuban playwrights who were born in the 1960s and later is part of a research project based in Spain dedicated to the study of dramaturgy from 10 Hispanic countries. The contributors follow the same methodology, known as dramatology, outlined by the project’s director García-Barrientos in Cómo se comenta una obra de teatro (2001). For each playwright, there is an essay examining a representative play and a second essay commenting on their overall dramaturgy. The selected representative works are: Los zapatos sucios by Amado del Pino, Huevos by Ulises Rodríguez Febles, Ignacio & María by Nara Mansur, La virgencita de bronce by Norge Espinosa, and Chamaco by Abel González Melo. [EMM] 1696 Análisis de la dramaturgia uruguaya actual. Dirección de José-Luis García Barrientos. Coordinación de Roger Mirza. Madrid: Ediciones Antígona, 2018. 318 p. (Crítica. Serie Análisis teatral; 26) The essays in this collection include an important introductory piece by Roger

Mirza on the esthetics of dissolution or disintegration theater (the latter is a term he shares with the Argentine critic Osvaldo Pellettieri). He provides a context for a discussion of the work of six of the most important director-playwrights working in the late 1990s and early years of the new millennium in Uruguay (Mariana Percovich, Marianella Morena, Roberto Suárez, Sergio Blanco Gabriel Calderón, and Santiago Sanguinetti). García Barrientos provides a critical introduction to analyzing theatrical works, which the contributors utilize as a framework in their chapters dedicated to each of the figures. The volume signals the continued abundance of quality productions and the growing recognition of Uruguay’s contemporary theater by scholars and the international community. [SMM]

1697 Araiza Hernández, Elizabeth. El arte de actuar identidades y rituales: hacia una antropología del teatro indígena en México. Zamora, Mexico: El Colegio de Michoacán, 2016. 340 p.: bibl., ill., indexes. (Colección Investigaciones) This detailed study stands out for its anthropological approach in examining the role of the Indigenous in Mexican national identity and the relationship among ritual, identity, and theater. The author organizes her work in four categories: theater inspired by precolumbian themes written and performed by the non-Indigenous; the Indigenist theater that emerged in the 1920s written by the non-Indigenous, but performed by the Indigenous; the campesino theater from the 1950s to the 1980s; and contemporary Indigenous theater solely produced by the Indigenous. The chapters dedicated to the last category, based on ethnographic research in San Miguel Cajonos, analyze how participation in theatrical performances serves as a rite of passage for young people before they assume community leadership roles. [EMM] 1698 Cartografía literaria en homenaje al profesor José Romera Castillo. Edición de Guillermo Laín Corona y Rocío Santiago Nogales. Madrid: Visor Libros, 2018. 1 v.: bibl., ill. (Biblioteca fi lológica hispana; 208–209) This, the second of three volumes dedicated to José Romera Castillo’s career,

Literature: Spanish America: Drama: Theater Criticism and History / 439 is part of an international effort to recognize the important scholar’s legacy. The three-part project features essays from 232 scholars in Spain, other countries in Europe, Latin America, the US, Australia, Canada, Morocco, Israel, and Japan. In the second volume, the fi rst part of the publication is dedicated to a detailed look at Romera Castillo’s career and an homage written by Spanish scholar César Oliva Olivares, and the second part of the book is divided into essays from international scholars that cover the Middle Ages through the 19th century and the 20th-21st centuries in Spain, and a fi nal section on Hispanic American theater and other spaces. This ambitious project grew out of several conferences and events held in Romera Castillo’s honor at his retirement in 2017. [SMS]

1699 Congreso Argentino Internacional de Teatro Comparado 5th, Gualeguaychú, Argentina, 2011. Actas: teatro latinoamericano y teatro del mundo. Compilación de Cristina Quiroga. Organización de ATEACOMP (Asociación Argentina de Teatro Comparado). Esta publicación cuenta con el apoyo del Instituto Nacional del Teatro. Buenos Aires: Leviatán, 2014. 465 p.: bibl., 1 ill. (Colección Teatro del mundo) Cristina Quiroga’s conference publication from 2014 carries on the tradition established in 2001 by Jorge Dubatti to link the conference with the professional network La Asociación Argentina de Teatro Comparado (ATEACOMP). ATEACOMP is made up of students, researchers, and theater practitioners in universities and other institutions both in- and outside of Argentina that confer credentials for Comparative Theater studies. The conference is held at various participating university sites each year. This extensive volume features 37 entries from participants at the conference. These selections vary in length. Also included is a schedule of plays that were performed during the conference with the support of the Instituto Nacional de Teatro. For those who were unable to attend, this collection provides an excellent array of scholarship by well-known figures such as Jorge Dubatti, Roberto Perinelli, Marita Foix, Lucas Margarit, Carlos Fos, Enrique Mijares, and Pamela Brownell, among others, as well as essays by more junior schol-

ars. Participants engage with topics from a wide variety of regional and international contexts, time periods, and approaches. The volume includes theater criticism, theory, and history, and essays that run the gamut from topics on “teatro comunitario” to Golden Age dramatists, iconic figures such as Eva Perón and Che Guevara, Greek mythology, Mexican border theater, and Theater of the Real, to name only a few. These published conference proceedings provide important resources for those working in comparative theater, and especially for those who are unable to attend gatherings such as the International Conference on Comparative Theater. [SMM]

1700 Córdova, David Alejandro. Hippies de barranco: legado de Roberto Salomón al teatro salvadoreño. San Salvador: Índole Editores, 2016. 156 p., xxxii pages of plates: ill. (chiefly color). This book traces 50 years of contributions made by director Roberto Salomán, whose major achievements are introducing Stanislavski’s method to Salvadoran actors and working as the director of the Department of Performing Arts during and after the creation of El Salvador’s public high school program in the arts. It also examines his exile during the Civil War and work with independent theatrical companies and as the artistic director of the Teatro Luis Poma. The information in this book consists of anecdotes told by Salomán to the author, a biography, and award acceptance speeches. [EMM] 1701 Crisis de la dramaturgía y las prácticas escénicas en la contemporaneidad. Edición de Roger Mirza. Consejo editorial de Claudia Pérez, Gustavo Remedi y Roger Mirza. Trabajos de André Carreira et al. Montevideo: Universidad de la República, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación, Departamento de Teoría y Metodología Literarias: Ministerio de Educacion y Cultura, 2017. 242 p.: bibl., ill. A “must read” for any scholar seeking to understand the panorama and evolution of postdictatorship theater and performance in the Southern Cone. This volume has a heavy focus on contemporary Uruguayan theater and Uruguayan director-playwrights. Other sections include essays on

440 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 theoretical approaches to acting in Brazilian theater, vanguard and postvanguard theater as seen through a comparative lens, River Plate theater, and recent productions of classical theater. Mirza unites many important scholarly voices, such as Jorge Dubatti, Grisby Ogás Pugas, Ricardo Dubatti, Mariana Percovich, and Gustavo Remedi, to name but a few. [SMM]

1702 La dramaturgia de Neuquén entre vistas: en homenaje a Victor Mayor (1948–2007). Dirección de Margarita Garrido. Neuquén, Argentina: Educo, Editorial de la Universidad Nacional del Comahue, 2014. 444 p. An extensive volume dedicated to one of Argentina’s well-known figures Víctor Mayol, whose influence extended into international spheres (he studied with Jerzy Grotowski, Lee Strasberg, acted and directed in Europe in the early 1970s, and traveled as an actor and director throughout Latin America). He was the founder of the TeatroEstudio in Buenos Aires, and later the laboratory associated with it, taught classes at the Conservatorio Nacional de Arte Dramático, and directed the Escuela de Arte Dramático del Instituto Nacional Superior de Artes (INSA), among other activities. In short, Mayol dedicated his career to teaching, acting, directing, and organizing theater and theatrical celebrations. This study includes a detailed year-by-year description of Mayol’s activities and honors, along with a prologue by E.B. Moreno, and an introduction by the editor, Margarita Garrido. The remainder of the volume is dedicated to 16 interviews and essays contributed by scholars on aspects of Mayol’s life and work. The quantity of information provided is astounding, and for those looking to trace the evolution of some of the most important productions of national dramatists in Argentina during the 20th century, this information is indispensable. [SMM] 1703 Harcha Cortés, Ana. Prácticas de teatralidad en Chile a partir del trabajo de Andrés Pérez Araya. Santiago: Editorial Universitaria, 2017. 406 p.: bibl., ill. (Estudios) Ana Harcha Cortés’ detailed look at seminal theater figure Andrés Pérez Araya examines the evolution of theatrical prac-

tices he developed in response to the coup d’état and dictatorship of Augosto Pinochet in Chile. This book provides an extensively detailed context for Pérez Araya’s formation during the predictatorship years, including both political and artistic movements in Chile and in Latin America. Harcha Cortés also traces Pérez Araya’s growing defiance of the police state and censorship present under Pinochet’s government, which ultimately led him to embrace street theater as a way of avoiding the kind of state interference that plagued traditional theatrical productions. Harcha Cortés examines Pérez Araya’s best-known work, La Negra Ester, a groundbreaking production, along with other works from his career. This precisely researched and thorough investigation of Pérez Araya’s career and contribution to theater and performance is an important and valuable study of an influential period in Chilean history when discourses on identity, democracy, and dictatorship were competing forces on the stage and in the street. [SMM]

1704 Herrero, Ramiro; Marcial Lorenzo Escudero; and Pascual Díaz Fernández. Teatro en Santiago: memoria y pasión. Santiago, Cuba: Fundación Caguayo: Editorial Oriente, 2016. 175 p.: bibl., ill. This historical study traces theatrical activity and institutions in Santiago, Cuba, from the colonial period until 2010. Accompanied by numerous photos of productions and lists of repertories, actors, directors, and playwrights, much of the book provides an extensive recounting of the many theatrical companies founded in that city. It also includes essays about the European-influenced theatrical component of the Catholic Corpus Christi celebrations, the influence on theater of the Franco-Haitian immigrants, the development during carnival of a popular theater tied to Afro-Caribbean traditions, theater after independence from Spain and after the Revolution, and the influence of Bertolt Brecht and José Soler Puig. [EMM] 1705 Jesús Valdés: el hombre detrás de la escena. Coordinación de Jesús Valdez Ramos y Armín Gómez Barrios. Saltillo, Mexico: Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, 2018, 142 p., 15 pages of plates: ill.

Literature: Spanish America: Drama: Theater Criticism and History / 441 (Colección Cartas de navegación. Memoría de la cultura coahuilense) This book is a compilation of personal anecdotes by friends and colleagues to honor the career of Jesús Valdés (1950–2015), an accomplished actor from Saltillo, Mexico, highlighting his training in the Stanislavski acting method and Grotowski’s poor theater, his work with the Teatro Universitario and the Compañía Estatal de Teatro, and his roles as the director of the Teatro Estufa company and teacher of new generations of actors. [EMM]

1706 Leñero Franco, Estela. Una mirada al teatro en México (2000–2010). Prólogo de Mauricio Jiménez. Introducción de Patricia Cardona. Ciudad de México: Secretaría de Cultura, 2017. 555 p.: bibl., indexes. (Colección Periodismo cultural) This compilation of a decade of performance and book reviews published in the news magazine Proceso, interviews, and essays presented at academic conferences and published in journals by the recognized dramatist, director and theater critic Estela Leñero provides insight into the reception of theatrical performances by Mexican audiences. It includes performance reviews of 59 Mexican plays, 35 international plays, and 14 musicals. Many of the academic essays analyze the works of Mexican women playwrights from the 20th century. [EMM] 1707 Malvinas: la guerra en el teatro, el teatro de la guerra. Compilación de Ricardo Dubatti. Buenos Aires: Ediciones del CCC, Centro Cultural de la Cooperación Floreal Gorini, 2017. 223 p.: ill. (Colección Dramaturgia argentina) The work includes six plays that share the theme of the Malvinas-Falkland Islands War. Accompanying the plays is a detailed and important scholarly apparatus for studying the controversial war on its 35th anniversary. The plays include two works that debuted in Buenos Aires, but the majority of the plays in this collection were fi rst performed outside of the capital. In addition to Dubatti’s excellent overview of the historical event and a detailed accounting of the war’s commemoration in other plays, each work is preceded by short critical studies written by scholars from various locations in Argentina. Their essays provide

a much richer context for understanding the war and its depictions than a singularly located vision. [SMM]

1708 El movimiento teatral comunitario argentino: reflexiones acerca de la experiencia en la última década (2001–2011). Coordinación de Romina Sánchez Salinas. Contribuciones de Lucie Elgoyhen et al. Edición y prólogos de Marcela Bidegain y Lola Proaño Gómez. Buenos Aires: Ediciones del CCC, Centro Cultural de la Cooperación, 2014 309 p.: bibl. Romina Sánchez Salinas brings together a group of essays derived from theses on the topic of Argentine communal theater movements taking place between 2001– 2011. These essays were written by students seeking undergraduate and Masters degrees, and they are preceded by a prologue from Lola Proaño Gómez, one of the foremost scholars of “teatro comunitario,” as well as an introduction from Marcela Bidegaín, one of the founding members of the International Network of Researchers of Communal Theater (La Red de Investigadores de Teatro Comunitario). The researchers build on nearly 30 years of previous work by Argentine groups like Catalinas Sur de la Boca, Circuito Cultural Barracas, and others to show the trajectory of communal theater in Argentina and to showcase the next generation working in the fi rst decade of the new millennium. This collection features a fresh cohort of researchers providing new perspectives to the field. [SMM] 1709 Parra Salazar, Mayra Natalia. ¡A teatro camaradas!: Dramaturgia militante y política de masas en Colombia (1965–1975). Medellín, Colombia: Fondo Editorial FCSH, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, Universidad de Antioquia, 2015. 237 p.: bibl., ill. (some color), index. (FCSH investigación) This clearly written history of revolutionary theater in Colombia examines an important decade of evolution in leftist thought and experimentation on the stage. Mayra Natalia Parra Salazar’s historical look at Colombian theater begins with a quote from Mao Zedong on which she bases her title for the book, and which also serves as the impetus for exploring leftist political discourses as they flourished in Latin

442 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 America, and in Colombia in particular, after the Cuban Revolution in 1959. Parra Salazar’s approach begins with an explanation of the experimental and independent theater movements founded by university groups. As politics become increasingly militant, Parra Salazar sees a defi nitive rupture in 1965 that led to a change in the role of public intellectuals. No longer simply engaged with political topics, these public intellectuals become revolutionary figures. Growing militarization in the theater is also part of this transformation. Parra Salazar points to groups like (Teatro Experimental de Colombia) TEC, La Candelaria, and others who experimented with collective creation, and she notes the wide variety of revolutionary stances that proliferated during this time and resonated with the left (anti-imperialism, anti-colonialism, communism, Marxism, Leninism, socialism, Maoism, workers rights, among others). She concludes her study with three chapters to demonstrate: how dramatists provided a crucial link for disseminating political concepts from revolutionary leaders to the masses, using the stage as a battleground; how materialist Marxist theories guided dramatists to produce realist popular theater; and fi nally, how revolutionary politics moved from the periphery into urban settings. Parra Salazar’s study is an excellent and comprehensive look at a highly charged decade in Colombian theater; one that is crucial for scholars seeking to understand the convergence of political and theatrical tensions in Colombia through both global and local lenses. [SMM]

1710 La puesta en escena y el espacio teatral. Compilación de Roberto Ransom Carty y Raúl Valles González. Contribuciones de Patrice Pavis et al. Chihuahua, Mexico: Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Facultad de Artes, Cuerpo Académico, CA-90; Ciudad de México: Ficticia, 2017. 270 p. (Colección Estudios teatrales / Cuerpo Académico Estudios Teatrales, Facultad de Artes UACH; 4) A collection of 14 essays about the relationships between the dramatic text written by an author, the director, and other participants in a theatrical production. It includes theoretical essays by Patrice Pavis and the compilers, an analysis of the

inapplicability of concepts associated with European theatrical traditions to Indigenous ethnodrama, and case studies examining the stagings of plays by Mexican dramatists Pilo Galindo, Enrique Mijares, Guadalupe de la Mora, Perla de la Rosa, Manuel Talavera, Raúl Valles, Alberto Villareal, and Antonio Zúñiga. [EMM]

1711 Rodríguez Ferreira, Andrés. El ciclo musical candelario: aportación del Teatro La Candelaria a un esbozo de teatro musical colombiano, original y crítico. Bogotá: Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, UD Editorial, 2016. 184 p.: ill. (some color), music. (Creaciones. AE, Artes escénicas) Andrés Rodríguez Ferreira examines the connection between theater and its musical traditions. Traditional theatrical studies often overlook music as an element of staging and it typically receives even less attention as an element of dramaturgy within the theatrical spectacle. Here, Rodríguez Ferreira traces musical traditions from classical theater in ancient Greece to theater and performance to Latin American, and specifically, Colombian, contexts. Based on his experience as a member of La Candelaria, Rodríguez explains how a new kind of theatrical spectacle was born through an intense union of music and dramaturgy. [SMM] 1712 Satizábal, Carlos. Polifonía de la presencia y las escrituras. Bogotá: Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Facultad de Artes, 2015. 126 p.: bibl. (Colección Sin condición; 39) This slim volume offers a hybrid of essay and memoir selections by Carlos Satizábal on his experiences co-directing Tramaluna Teatro with his partner Patricia Ariza, as well as his work with the Corporación Colombiana de Teatro as an organizer of theater festivals. Satizábal’s opening essay delves into Tramaluna’s creative process, which he describes as heavily influenced by artivismo (a combination of activism and art) and collective creation through improvisation. As Satizábal explains, the play text serves as a foundation, but the group develops its performance through extensive rehearsal. Subsequent chapters in the volume reflect Satizábal’s examination

Literature: Spanish America: Drama: Theater Criticism and History / 443 of themes, such as feminist theater, human rights, memory, suicide, violence, and AfroColombian culture, among others, as he considers works performed by Tramaluna and other well-known groups, such as La Candelaria, in festivals and on traditional stages. Satizábal focuses on trends in what he calls New Colombian Theater, but acknowledges Enrique Buenaventura’s lasting influence on Colombian theater. For those seeking to understand the landscape of Colombian theater in recent years, Satizábal’s multilayered experience in theater circles means he offers multivalent perspectives and a rich collection of plays and performances that reflect the latest examples of new work by dramatists and performance groups. [SMM]

1713 Suárez Durán, Esther. Los 12: las sorpresas de la memoria. La Habana: Ediciones UNIÓN, 2016. 166 p.: ill. (Testimonio) This national award-winning book traces the history of the independent theatrical group Los 12 (1968–70) and provides insight into the debate about the relationship between theater and the Cuban Revolution. Based on interviews with 10 of its participants, the study explains the group’s foundation as an experimental laboratory consisting mainly of actor training in which members studied performance approaches emerging in Europe, such as The Living Theater, Peter Brook, and Jerzy Grotowski. The participants discuss how their training also included the study of philosophy, psychology, and Afro-Caribbean rituals and dance. [EMM] 1714 El teatro fuera de los teatros: reflexiones críticas desde el archipiélago teatral. Coordinación de Gustavo Remedi. Montevideo: CSIC, Universidad de la República: Ediciones Universitarias, 2015. 245 p.: bibl., ill. (Biblioteca plural) As its title suggests, this edited volume takes its cue from Eugenio Barba’s terms archipiélago teatral and tercer teatro and combines these concepts with impulses from socially conscious theater, to explore a wide continuum of contemporary theatrical practices and trends in Uruguay. Remedi and his co-contributors emphasize the exploration of theater within and outside

of traditional systems to better understand practices that exist along the margins or in interstices. Their focus is on daily social behaviors and social settings that invoke theatricality and performance in Argentina and Uruguay. Remedi has chosen a diverse group of scholars and actors/directors that represents multiple regions in Argentina and Uruguay, as well as Mexico and the US. [SMM]

1715 El teatro moderno en México: Teatro de Ulises 1928, Teatro Orientación 1932–1934, Teatro de México 1943–1945, Teatro Mexicano del Siglo XXI. Contribuciones de Celestino Gorostiza et al. Antología de Paloma Gorostiza. Edición de Angélica Sánchez Cabrera. Ciudad de México: Secretaría de Cultura: El Equilibrista, 2016. 302 p.: ill. (some color), facsimiles. This anthology makes accessible essays written by and about the dramatists and directors who founded the experimental independent theatrical companies Teatro de Ulises and Teatro Orientación in the early 20th century with the goal of staging translations of avante-garde plays from outside Mexico as well as their own works. It also includes repertoires, lists of plays translated by the dramatists and directors, handbill covers, costume sketches, lectures and speeches given by Celestino Gorostiza, and personal correspondence between Gorostiza and Xavier Villaurrutia. [EMM] 1716 Vallejo Aristizábal, Patricio. Un relámpago sobre el lago: selección de artículos y escritos sobre teatro. Segunda edición. Quito: Contraelviento: CCE Benjamín Carrión, 2015. 209 p.: ill. This collection unites essay, reflections, and interviews by Patricio “Pato” Vallejo Aristizábal, the founder of the Ecuadorian group Contraelviento. The edition contains a prologue by scholar Beatriz J. Rizk, as well as an introduction by Aristizábel in which he explains the genesis of the volume over the past decade. This volume will interest those seeking to understand the evolution of the theatrical group Contraelviento and the context for theater in Ecuador. [SMM] 1717 Vargas, Arístides. Teatro. I. Estudio crítico y compilación de Marita Foix. Buenos Aires: Editorial Universitaria de

444 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Buenos Aires; Editorial Eudeba, 2016. 1 v.: bibl. (Colección Biblioteca proteatro) This volume, dedicated to Arístides Vargas’ work, Teatro I, was prepared by Marita Foix. The collection features a preliminary study by Jorge Dubatti, and five of Vargas’ plays (including his widely acclaimed Nuestra Señora de las Nubes), plus studies on Vargas’ work with Malayerba, an interview, chronology of works, and other critical studies. [SMM]

1718 Ward, Julie Ann. A shared truth: the theatre of Lagartijas Tiradas al Sol. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2019. 162 p.: appendices, index.

A thoroughly documented study of Lagartijas Tiradas al Sol, one of Mexico’s most important contemporary theatrical companies, that analyzes in detail their plays Asalto al agua, El rumor del incendio, Montserrat, Se rompen las olas, Derretiré con un cerillo la nieve de un volcán and La democracia en México. The author examines documentary theater in Mexico and how the company’s work exemplifies Theater of the Real, a genre that relies on personal narratives as alternative sources for understanding real events, focusing on how the genre interweaves archival documentation with family stories to challenge official histories. [EMM]

BRAZIL Short Stories M. ANGÉLICA GUIMARÃES LOPES , Professor Emerita of Literature, University of South Carolina, Columbia

THE WORKS OF BRAZILIAN SHORT FICTION reviewed for HLAS 76 include publications by a broad array of writers living in different parts of the Brazil and abroad. The stories vary widely in tone from the serious to the comical—and even ludicrous—from the peaceful to the belligerant. Some of the writers have won the esteemed Prêmio Jabuti or other significant prizes and many have seen their literary creations translated into other languages. Among the prizewinning writers reviewed here is the eminent and recently deceased Rubem Fonseca (11 May 1925– 15 April 2020). Carne crua (item 1733) exemplifies the writer’s fearless fictional explorations of topics like rape and prostitution. The 132 pieces in Caio Fernando Abreu’s Contos completos (item 1719) represent a lifetime of admirable work. He devoted the last two years of his life, after he was diagnosed with HIV/AIDS, to compiling his short fiction. It is little surprise that both Fonseca and Abreu were featured in Italo Moriconi’s Cem melhores contos brasileiros do século (see HLAS 60:4119). Vagner Amaro, organized Letra e tinta (Letter and Ink) (item 1739), featuring works by 10 young Afro-Brazilian winners of the Prêmio Malê da Literatura. The latter prize aims to promote literature, literacy, and racial equality. Among the darker works are those by Marta Barcellos (item 1723), Guilherme Azambuja Castro (item 1728), and psychiatrist Ana Cecilia Carvalho (item 1727), which look at the tragic and violent sides of family and social life. Poet Afonso Borges’ stories (item 1724) reveal a sinister world replete with suffering, hatred, and murder—a perspective perhaps gained during his alternate career as a journalist. Despite the pessimistic and depressing view of life and the frequent strong vulgarity in Mario Filipe Cavalcanti’s stories (item 1729), his evocative and prizewinning writing is appealing to readers. A more balanced view of everyday life, from comedy to tragedy, emerges from the works by women writ-

444 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Buenos Aires; Editorial Eudeba, 2016. 1 v.: bibl. (Colección Biblioteca proteatro) This volume, dedicated to Arístides Vargas’ work, Teatro I, was prepared by Marita Foix. The collection features a preliminary study by Jorge Dubatti, and five of Vargas’ plays (including his widely acclaimed Nuestra Señora de las Nubes), plus studies on Vargas’ work with Malayerba, an interview, chronology of works, and other critical studies. [SMM]

1718 Ward, Julie Ann. A shared truth: the theatre of Lagartijas Tiradas al Sol. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2019. 162 p.: appendices, index.

A thoroughly documented study of Lagartijas Tiradas al Sol, one of Mexico’s most important contemporary theatrical companies, that analyzes in detail their plays Asalto al agua, El rumor del incendio, Montserrat, Se rompen las olas, Derretiré con un cerillo la nieve de un volcán and La democracia en México. The author examines documentary theater in Mexico and how the company’s work exemplifies Theater of the Real, a genre that relies on personal narratives as alternative sources for understanding real events, focusing on how the genre interweaves archival documentation with family stories to challenge official histories. [EMM]

BRAZIL Short Stories M. ANGÉLICA GUIMARÃES LOPES , Professor Emerita of Literature, University of South Carolina, Columbia

THE WORKS OF BRAZILIAN SHORT FICTION reviewed for HLAS 76 include publications by a broad array of writers living in different parts of the Brazil and abroad. The stories vary widely in tone from the serious to the comical—and even ludicrous—from the peaceful to the belligerant. Some of the writers have won the esteemed Prêmio Jabuti or other significant prizes and many have seen their literary creations translated into other languages. Among the prizewinning writers reviewed here is the eminent and recently deceased Rubem Fonseca (11 May 1925– 15 April 2020). Carne crua (item 1733) exemplifies the writer’s fearless fictional explorations of topics like rape and prostitution. The 132 pieces in Caio Fernando Abreu’s Contos completos (item 1719) represent a lifetime of admirable work. He devoted the last two years of his life, after he was diagnosed with HIV/AIDS, to compiling his short fiction. It is little surprise that both Fonseca and Abreu were featured in Italo Moriconi’s Cem melhores contos brasileiros do século (see HLAS 60:4119). Vagner Amaro, organized Letra e tinta (Letter and Ink) (item 1739), featuring works by 10 young Afro-Brazilian winners of the Prêmio Malê da Literatura. The latter prize aims to promote literature, literacy, and racial equality. Among the darker works are those by Marta Barcellos (item 1723), Guilherme Azambuja Castro (item 1728), and psychiatrist Ana Cecilia Carvalho (item 1727), which look at the tragic and violent sides of family and social life. Poet Afonso Borges’ stories (item 1724) reveal a sinister world replete with suffering, hatred, and murder—a perspective perhaps gained during his alternate career as a journalist. Despite the pessimistic and depressing view of life and the frequent strong vulgarity in Mario Filipe Cavalcanti’s stories (item 1729), his evocative and prizewinning writing is appealing to readers. A more balanced view of everyday life, from comedy to tragedy, emerges from the works by women writ-

Literature: Brazil: Short Stories / 445

ers featured in Novas contistas da literatura brasileira (item 1740) organized by Joanna Burigo and a team of literary critics. Judge and law professor Jairo Carmo (item 1725) likewise presents the human capacity for both cruelty and compassion in his stories. Luci Collin’s A peça intocada (item 1730) is an original collection. Her critically acclaimed work is challenging with unnamed characters and experimental use of subjects, language, syntax, and metaphorical connections. Fernando Gerheim’s Infi nitômetros (item 1735) is intelligent and elegant, filled with stories that demand the reader’s concentration and reward that attention with surprising endings. The book’s handsome illustrations are by author who is also an artist, actor, and musician. Ricardo Domeneck is another writer who avoids the obvious. His short and fascinating Manual para melodrama (item 1732), offers prescriptions to women left by men, some of them based on classics such as Euripides. Other advice, ironic and often absurd, mentions famous authors and musicians. Born in São Paulo, Domeneck has lived in Germany since 2002, and is, indeed, an international writer. His poems have been translated into German, English, Spanish, Catalan, French, Dutch, Slovenian, Swedish, and Arabic. With a clever pseudonym based on his French name, diplomat Fernando Jacques de Magalhães Pimenta, JAX, is the author of Ibitinema e outras histórias (item 1736). The stories are set in Ibitinema, a small ranch based on his aunt’s own near Rio de Janeiro. This delightful series of stories presents a child’s perspective on his “empire” ranch and features illustrations, some by the author himself. Rodrigo Lacerda’s, Reserva natural (item 1737) is perhaps the most fitting collection for our times of natural upheaval and climate change. The ambitious and admirable collection covers travels across different continents with a focus on nature and animals, including human beings. The stories explore the relationships and connections among plants, animals, insects, and humans, as well as the earth’s development across millions of years. For his fiction, Lacerda has received two Jabutis and the Brazilian Academy of Letters prize. 1719 Abreu, Caio Fernando. Contos completos. Posfácios de Italo Moriconi, Alexandre Vidal Porto e Heloisa Buarque de Hollanda. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2018. 765 p.: bibl. Contos completes gathers the writer’s 132 stories, the admirable work of a lifetime. Three of his stories appeared in Italo Moriconi’s Os melhores contos brasileiros do século (2000). A devoted writer, Abreu revised many of his stories, at times changing titles. He also wrote novels, columns, and plays. Although sociable with family, friends and colleagues, to whom he dedicated his stories, Abreu’s was a tragic life. During the two years after he was diagnosed with HIV/Aids, he worked even harder on his literary production in which he connects homophobia, dictatorship, and military violence. His generation includes other remarkable story writers such as Sergio Sant’Anna,

João Gilberto Noll, Sonia Coutinho, Márcia Denser, Moacyr Scliar, and Silviano Santiago, among many others.

1720 Amaral, Olavo. Dicionário de línguas imaginárias. Rio de Janeiro: Alfaguara; Editora Schwarcz, 2017. 127 p. The title of the book, which translates as “Dictionary of Imaginary Languages” is more than appropriate for this short story collection. Language here is almost hyperbolic, meaning circumstances in which people communicate, including speaking and hearing. In “Travessia” (Crossing), an albino speaks a language that others do not understand. The “Dictionary of Imaginary Languages” shows that communication is more than the actual words. The narrator is often an observer from a supposedly civilized society who experiences Indigenous society as inferior to his own.

446 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76

1721 Andrade, Alex. Amores, truques e outras versões. Rio de Janeiro: Confraria do Vento, 2014. 107 p. Amores, truques e outras versões (Loves, Tricks and Other Versions) is a well-developed collection of homosexual lives in which stories have no titles, except numbers. They are divided into three parts, “Tricks,” “Other Versions,” and “Loves.” The narrator describes—in great detail—his encounters with several men and briefly mentions his fiancée, whom he meets in their apartment with no sexual action. He is fascinated by his sexual life: “I love the eternal fi rst meeting.” Although he realizes that in an important way, he is different in that his belief is that “sex is a covetousness we have inside us. It is a predicate of God’s presence.” 1722 Andrade, Carlos Drummond de. Amor nenhum dispensa uma gota de ácido: escritos de Carlos Drummond de Andrade sobre Machado de Assis. Organização de Hélio de Seixas Guimarães. São Paulo: Três Estrelas, 2019. 160 p.: bibl., ill. “No love dismisses an acid drop” is a quotation by Carlos Drummond de Andrade (1908–72), a celebrated Brazilian poet who also wrote prose, about Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis (1839–1908), generally considered the country’s greatest novelist. Drummond (as he is known) analyzes Machado in a developed and profound multi-perspective manner. This admirable book explains that “By God’s grace I arrived very early at Machado de Assis. From him I would never part though occasionally I have been rude to him. I justify myself: no love dismisses an acid drop.” (From Drummond’s Tempo, vida poesia). 1723 Barcellos, Marta. Antes que seque. 2a edição. Rio de Janeiro: Record, 2016. 190 p. This is the second edition of Antes que seque (“Before It Dries”), an impressive book that develops varied aspects—often tragic—of family and social life in 22 stories. The stories are generally told from the perspective of middle-aged women who live with her husband, children, and sometimes grandchildren in a Brazilian metropolis. For example, an older woman who had been healthy and happy thinks her daughter

despises her, notwithstanding her maternal sacrifices. In another story, a 14-year old schoolgirl is in love with Francisco whom she will only see again many years later as he leaves prison. He dies of an overdose.

1724 Borges, Afonso. Olhos de carvão. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Record, 2017. 111 p. A journalist with three published books of poetry, Borges founded Fliaraxá: The Literary Festival of the City of Araxá in 2011. According to Ruy Castro: “A. Borges has the key to a parallel universe in which men and women live stories that seem to happen in a chemical suspension.” In this collection, some imaginative and varied stories take place in the author’s city of Belo Horizonte, the capital of the state of Minas Gerais, although several others focus on different continents and eras and are based in history. Suffering, hatred, murder, and other deaths often take place there. The title “Charcoal Eyes” points to sinister environments and actions in numerous stories, but especially in “Na divisa os olhos de carvão em Celeste” in which a young woman at church feels horrible dark eyes hitting her. Among the tales based on historical fact, there is the one about a Nobel Prize winner whose wife and newborn son had been murdered in a Polish ghetto decades before. 1725 Carmo, Jairo. O cão do teu olhar. Rio de Janeiro: 7Letras, 2018. 148 p. The book’s title, O cão do teu olhar, is taken from one of the 13 stories in the collection. The narrator’s look startled a psychologist he was consulting: “a cold and cutting look. . . the look of an angry dog.” Many of the stories deal with situations among relatives, friends, colleagues, neighbors, and acquaintances, often showing negative and even dangerous aspects of relationships. A young wife married her old husband without love for money and social position. A retiring eminent professor hears the devil criticizing him. But a positive character in another story is a kind and competent nanny able to protect children. Jairo Carmo is a well-known judge, law professor, and author of previous fiction books. In the epilogue to this collection, he offers explanations and suggestions for the reader. He believes that all of us “are born with the story-telling gift.” Since childhood, he heard

Literature: Brazil: Short Stories / 447 stories told by family and friends. “Here (in this book) I wanted to paint a modest set of thirteen stories with a connection: the fantasy of disturbing illusions.”

1726 Carrascoza, João Anzanello. O volume do silêncio. Seleção de contos e posfácio por Nelson de Oliveira. São Paulo: SESI-SP Editora, 2017. 210 p. The importance of silence gives it volume, an appropriate metaphor in these fi ne stories dealing with several different aspects of family life. O volume do silêncio collects 16 stories published in the author’s previous books. Only “Dora” is new. “Casais” is a single long paragraph about a couple’s life. Other stories have brothers visiting after many years, each with a daughter; and two other brothers go fishing together, but will not meet again. In another story, a boy is told he and his parents will cross the country’s border that night. Relationships have been difficult for the narrator since childhood, with his friend João constantly demanding money and other help, but denying it to him when they are adults. In the “Posfácio,” the critic Nelson de Oliveira discusses Anzanello’s life as a writer and remarks that in his latest book the volume of silence has become stronger. Carrascoza has also published two novels and his stories were translated into several languages. He has received the Jabuti Prize and along with other Brazilian, French, and German literary prizes. 1727 Carvalho, Ana Cecília. Os mesmos e os outros: o livro dos ex. Belo Horizonte, Brazil: Quixote+Do Editoras Associadas, 2017. 184 p. “The Same and the Others,” the book’s title, refers to warring factions that speak different languages. Often characters are married or divorced and their problems are usually the result of deep misunderstandings or even hatred. Many are violent, with characters breaking heavy objects and throwing them at spouses, ex-spouses, or even acquaintances. Stories often have more than one narrator. As one reads a story, little by little one realizes that the narrators and characters have appeared in earlier stories. This constant surprise is one of the most significant characteristics of the stories in the collection. City and country names are

never mentioned, nor are readers given a full explantion of whether the characters are new or recurring. Rain and fog are also dominant in many stories, adding to the mysterious element. Ana Cecilia Carvalho, from Belo Horizonte, is also a psychoanalist. In 1993 she was a fi nalist in the Jabuti Prize Story category, and received the Prêmo Cidade de Belo Horizonte in 1975 and 1985.

1728 Castro, Guilherme Azambuja. O amor que não sentimos e outros contos. Recife, Brazil: CePe Editora, 2016. 115 p. The fi rst story in O amor que não sentimos is “O cheiro triste das bergamotas” (“The Sad Smell of Tangerines”) which is also in Azambuja Castro’s previous collection as its title and one of its stories. For “The Love We Do Not Feel,” he received CEPE’s 2015 First Short Story Prize. Most of its characters are socially marginalized because of their poverty and lack of education. The book’s vocabulary and syntax make that clear. The narrator of “Cheiro triste” is a young boy whose father has left the family. Then Bebeto, the mother’s lover, joins them and slowly becomes a father figure since he and the boy get along well. But, alas, Bebeto also leaves. The other stories also explore family and friendship, “O tio Mimoso” is about a young boy, the narrator, in charge of his uncle who is very ill. To him, the ironic “delicate Otis” of the title, the boy brings porridge, cleans his clothes and bed because his mother cannot fi nd servants to do it. He also takes his uncle out in his wheelchair and gives him medicine in his porridge. Other young characters also have problems with family and neighbors. One of them is murdered by another young person— possibly the narrator—who is not arrested because of his young age. An exceptional character is Floqui which the reader ultimately realizes is a dog that drowned, but was spared the fate of other local dogs that die of a painful disease. “The Love We Do Not Feel,” the last story, is about the sexual relationship between a married woman and a man who do not love each other. Azambuja Castro, a lawyer, won the 21st Luiz Vilela Short Story Contest in 2011, and was a fi nalist for the Prêmio Sesc de Literatura/ Short Story Category for “O cheiro triste das bergamotas.” The CEPE Short Story Prize evaluated entries from 579 candidates from

448 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 23 Brazilian states, as well as entries from Portugal, Chile, Holland, and the US.

1729 Cavalcanti, Mario Filipe. Caninos amarelados. Recife, Brazil: Companhia Editora de Pernambuco, 2016. 106 p. Caninos amarelados won the third Pernambuco State Literature Prize for Short Stories, a well-deserved prize for this wellwritten and original collection. Although intellectually competent, the characters follow negative moral principles based on the perspective that evil is the norm for humankind. Humans are unworthy of living because they are all guilty. Therefore negative actions, including murder should be accepted as normal. The yellowed teeth of the title is a significant metaphor presented in several stories by different characters. In the fi rst one,”Beginning,” the character who names “hunger as the only thing that moves the world” had “a smile with already yellowed teeth.” In another story, the narrator murders his male lover and both of them have yellow teeth. He throws the body in the Capiberibe River, but does not feel any guilt since his actions, including murder, made sense. When he gets home he tells his wife “he had gone for a walk.” In another story, a character mentions his own yellowed teeth, “so much like a dog’s.” 1730 Collin, Luci. A peça intocada. Curitiba, Brazil: Arte e Letra, 2017. 111 p.: bibl., ill. Although A peça intocada is interesting and Collin is considered “really one of the most original voices of present day Brazilian literature” by critic Marcelo Moutinho, many of her stories are difficult for readers. Actions may seem unclear, characters are often unnamed, and if the characters are uneducated, the spelling and syntax of the story reflect this. However, for more patient readers, A peça intocada is a pleasant challenge as an intelligent, though puzzling, piece of fiction in which most plots seem inconsistent at fi rst reading. Collin reminds the reader that “language is for feeling and not explaining.” The stories offer a high level of mystery and apparent nonsense. The book is divided in chapers with titles, some of which in turn have numbered and named sections. Each chapter number is on an impressive separate page

over a large hand with a chess piece as if to caution the reader about the challenges on the pages ahead.

1731 Degrazia, Marcelo. A bandeira de Cuba. Curitiba, Brazil: Biblioteca Paraná, 2018. 237 p. Degrazia is an excellent short story writer from Rio Grande do Sul with welldeserved literary prizes to his name. In general, his narrators are adults telling what happened when they were boys or young men. The narrator is then able to reveal circumstances and reasons that the young characters did not know or were unable to explain, such as geographical location and historical, social, or even family affairs.Young children see kindness in their families, as in the long and well-developed “Beco de sombras.” The narrator’s mother works in a hospital where she provides food, clothes, and medicine to needy people. However there is also tragedy, as when the Uruguay River flood destroys everything that the washerwoman Rosa possesses. She recovers and gives birth to a baby, Catito. But her husband is an alcoholic who hits her and Catito. He is betrayed by other boys and is led to policemen who torture him. “Caveirinha F.C.” is another tragic story in which Mave, a popular young man gets a new automobile from his father. Everyone, including his teacher, is happy for him. Alas, the car hits a wall and there is an explosion that kills two young men and hurts two others. Then the reader realizes that the story title is ironic: “The Little Skeleton Soccer Club.” Another significant story is “Pele negra.” The story recounts a school celebration of the “Day of the Americas,” but because there is no student from Honduras, the teacher chooses the narrator to represent the Central America country and covers his face, clothes, and hands with charcoal. He tries his best and then goes see his grandfather who is extremely angry with him. 1732 Domeneck, Ricardo. Manual para melodrama. Rio de Janeiro: 7Letras, 2016. 45 p. Short and often fascinating, “Handbook for Melodrama” is a 45-page book offering suggestions to women for discarding or punishing men who have mistreated

Literature: Brazil: Short Stories / 449 or left them. Punishment of rival women is frequently offered. Each story consists of analysis and a series of suggestions and advice for revenge. Ironically, the structure can remind one of a Catholic catechism. Other pieces of advice include “How to answer a phone call,” “How to cook a last and fatal supper for the lover,” and advice to old women with young lovers. Irony in absurd suggestions is connected with the mention of famous authors and musicians. An international author, Domeneck was born in São Paulo in 1977, but has lived in Germany since 2002. He has had seven books published in Brazil and was the editor of two reviews. He also works with spoken poetry and electronic music, and collaborates with foreign literary reviews in Spain, the US, Argentina, and Germany. His poems have been translated into German, English, Spanish, Catalan, French, Dutch, Slovenian, Swedish, and Arabic.

1733 Fonseca, Rubem. Carne crua: contos. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Nova Fronteira, 2018. 141 p. Twenty-six well-executed stories by one of the most famous Brazilian fiction writers, “Raw Meat” presents a range of emotions from fear to horror—and occasionally more positive ones. Carne crua is an appropriate title, not only for the story and the collection, but also for several of the other stories. Born in 1925, Fonseca was among the most prolific Brazilian writers; he died in May 2020 at the age of 94. His fi rst story collection, Os prisioneiros, was recognized by critics as the most creative urban Brazilian fiction in many years, as was A coleira do cão, 19. Lúcia McCartney, the third collection, was a bestseller, which also won the major short story fiction prize in the country. His fi rst novel, O caso Morel (1973) was also a bestseller. Translated into French, it was acclaimed by European critics. In 2003, Fonseca won the Juan Rulfo and the Camões Prizes, the latter the most important one for a work in Portuguese. Rubem Fonseca has had stories adapted for the cinema, theater, and television. He has published 17 story collections, one anthology, and 12 other books. 1734 Fraia, Emilio. Sebastopol: três contos. Rio de Janeiro: Alfaguara, 2018. 119 p.

Emílio Fraia was chosen for inclusion in Granta’s Os Melhores Jovens Escritores Brasileiros. Sebastopol reflects his admirable talent with its geographical variety, plot development, and character analysis. As Sérgio Sant’Anna wrote: “Each of these stories has in common the moment in which a decisive experience changes the way in which characters (and readers) see the world.” And for Marçal Aquino: “Fraia chooses the most difficult and respectable task a writer is able to face: solve the mystery without revealing the secret.” Each of the three stories takes place in a different part of the world. In the fi rst one,”Dezembro,” Lina tells Gino her plan to reach the top of the highest mountain on each of the seven continents. She had done so in Oceania and now she will try the Everest. She is known through publicity. Unfortunately, in an accident on Everest, she falls and ends up losing both legs. She continues as a famous speaker. “Maio,” the second story, takes place in Peru. Adan, the son of a Brazilian mother and a Peruvian father, arrives at a country inn. Adan disappears, but then comes back and fights with Veronica who throws an ashtray at him. She leaves, driving a car to São Paulo, and then she calls him every day. They had been together for 10 years. Adan had a son, Oscar, with another woman. Adan disappears again. “Agosto,” the third story, has young Nadia as the narrator. She and Klaus work at the museum. He is a former German teacher who is interested in art and drinks a lot. Although his last play, “Barrabas,” was a disaster, Nadia admires him because she believes he knows what he is doing. She also writes and shows him a text of hers, “Moscow in the 80s.” He tells her it is a bad story, but invites her to work with him. His next play is about a painter, Bogdan Trunov, who had lived near Sebastopol when the siege ended from 1854 to 1855. His talent was evident and his trademark was painting figures who did not look at one another.

1735 Gerheim, Fernando. Infi nitômetros. Rio de Janeiro: 7Letras, 2018. 107 p.: ill. The intelligent, elegant, though often mysterious, stories can be hard to follow, especially the fi rst one, “The Linguist,” in which children separated from adults in a basement create their own language. They

450 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 and the narrator seem to be the only ones to understand it. Their vocabulary is usual, but not the syntax. Other topics are sleepwalking, eroticism, and crime. Illustrations by the author who is a college professor, artist, and musician, do not make plots clearer. The title could be translated as “Measures of Infi nity.” The author’s linguistic knowledge is evident in his quoting and often explaining Saussure, mathematician and mystic Ouspensky, Oswald de Andrade, Walter Benjamin, Khlebnikov, Freud, and Wittgenstein.

1736 Jax. Ibitinema e outras histórias. São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil: Lamparina Luminosa, 2016. 139 p. In the words of Amélia Luz who wrote the introduction for the book: “Who would believe that a little boy would be able to build an empire with his ideas, crown himself emperor and enjoy the many diverse adventures told in this memoir?” Indeed, diplomat Fernando Jacques de Magalhães Pimenta, Brazil’s present ambassador to Costa Rica, writing under a witty pseudonym from his French middle name, offers his readers an entire world, describing the relatives, acquaintances, neighbors, and servants who visit, live or work on his aunt’s small ranch. It is to them that he generously dedicates the book. Ibitinema was a defi nite contrast to the metropolis of Rio de Janeiro where he lived as a child. The book’s illustrations on the front, back covers, and fi rst page, also by Jax, add to its wit and charm. The author is critical, but always generous in his interpretation. Indeed it is an entire empire that he offers us from his very young years when he fi rst went to Ibitinema, to his teens when he lost interest in country life, to his return as a father with his young sons. 1737 Lacerda, Rodrigo. Reserva natural: contos. São Paulo: Companhia Das Letras: Editora Schwarcz, 2018. 183 p.: ill. The collection’s title, “Reserva natural,” in the Brazilian Novo Dicionário Aurélio is “a forest park managed by the state in order to assure conservation of animal and vegetal species.” The book’s cover is from Henri J. F. Rousseau’s “Monkeys in the Jungle,” (1910), with an orange tree, plants, and a little monkey on the tree. The author has received numerous literary prizes, in-

cluding two Jabutis for best novel, two others for best novels from the National Library and from the Brazilian Academy of Letters, and one for the best novel for children. The book is divided into two parts: “Território” and “Fauna.” “Territory” deals with the importance of nature itself, and human and other animal lives as well. The fi rst story deals with several insects and animals, such as termites, ant eaters, fl ickermice, and fi refl ies. The major character is a man, Roberto, who is dying of kidney cancer. He goes to the narrator’s ranch where these animals are numerous. The third story, “Polinização,” shows unusual sexual activity between animals and plants, such as a drone and an orchid. Human characters are a photographer and his female companion, a biologist. They travel all over the world where they witness many such encounters. But unfortunately the photographer does not get a place in the Natural Geographic Review. “Fauna,” the collection’s second part, concentrates on the other animals, human beings. The fi rst story, “Contest,” is the most original and successful. The contest is for a book publication. Fifteen candidates present a one-paragraph autobiography and the title of their proposed book. Then each is expected to write one paragraph per day—which not all of them do. The work of each candidate is presented in a different font throughout the story.

1738 Lee, Rita. Dropz. São Paulo: Globo Livros, 2017. 270 p. The author Rita Lee Jones has been known for her multiple activies for several decades. As a musician she has sold the largest number of popular records in Brazil. She is also a plastic artist and a defender of animal rights. The 61 stories in the collection are humorously named for the English candy “drops” as a metaphor for their different “tastes” and “colors.” Lee published her autobiography in 2016 with great success. The stories in Dropz are generally short and varied. Several seem strange or even absurd, such as the tale of a husband and wife being operated on to acquire the other’s sexual organs, and a girl with hair coming out of her mouth which, when pulled out by someone else, cures her or him of a disease. In another story, the characters are a furniture family that includes sofas and curtains. In

Literature: Brazil: Crônicas / 451 “Mac Ack,” which one could translate as “Mon Key,” a monkey steals a cell phone in order to see his girlfriend.

and perhaps killed because he is Black. The reader is not told what kind of animal it is, just a “biped.”

1739 Letra e tinta: 10 contos vencedores do Prêmio Malê de Literatura: jovens escritor@s negr@s. Organização de Vagner Amaro. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Malê, 2016. 77 p.: bibl. Ten winning short stories and introductions by young Afro-Brazilian writers comprise a remarkable collection defi ned by slavery. The collection presents writing by and about young Black men and women in contemporary Brazil, a country where their ancestors were slaves for almost 400 years. Slavery was abolished in 1888 and it was a glorious deed in the country’s history. In the face of resistance from some in government, the Princess Imperial Isabel signed the Golden Law, which led to the end of slavey in the country. The next year the Republic was proclaimed. Notwithstanding the strong African influences still present in Brazilian culinary and literary arts, language, and music, and the fact that major artists, scientists, musicians, and politicians were and are of partial African origin, prejudice still exists. Most of the young authors of Letra e tinta are professional writers. Although their stories deal with humiliation and cruelty, a few are more hopeful. “Farelo” (“Crumb”), for example, is about an animal who saves a boy from being hit

1740 Novas contistas da literatura brasileira. Curadoria de Joanna Burigo et al. Contribuções de Valéria Cristina da Silva et al. Porto Alegre, Brazil: Editora Zouk: CDMJ, 2018. 205 p.: ill. The 30 stories included here vary from everyday circumstances, and even comedy, to tragic stories of suicide and murder between family, friends, and acquaintances. Children can be innocent, like Josué who eats all the chocolate given to him, including his mother’s portion. A little boy brings his kind teacher flowers which she does not know are from the cemetery where the boy’s brother is buried. One of the authors is Thaynara Henrique, fi nalist for the Malé Prize for Young Black Writers. Its rudimentary spelling and syntax give it a strong realistic flavor. Several female characters, being “poor, black, and female,” have resorted to prostitution, such as the one in “Tríade.” So does a popular transvestite man. However, in another story, women regularly kill men, saving only a few in order to preserve humankind. In “O inferno,” a male character realizes he is in hell and that hell is on earth. Older women can be kindly grandmothers, but also cold, indifferent, or cruel. This is a rich and high quality collection.

Crônicas CÉLIA BIANCONI , Master Lecturer and Coordinator of the Portuguese Language Program, Boston University

THE BOOKS SELECTED for this HLAS volume were published between 2015 and 2018. The majority were written by authors and journalists whose crônicas were originally published in newspapers and magazines. Other contributions were written by poets, professors, and literary critics. The themes can be grouped in terms of general expression of concern or appreciation for the environment (item 1741), childhood memories and other melancholic memories (item 1744), crime stories (item 1745), the everyday life and times of individuals (item 1747), and cultural and critical analyses (item 1750).

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1741 Braga, Rubem. Dois pinheiros e o mar e outras crônicas sobre meio ambiente. Seleção por Gustavo Henrique Tuna. Ilustrações por Dave Santana. São Paulo: Global Editora, 2017. 103 p.: ill. This compilation shows both concern and appreciation for the environment. The authors pay attention to the problems of nature and environmental preservation and highlight their close connection with nature to the extent that they incorporate nature as part of their identity. These contributions, published in different newspapers and magazines between 1948 and 1969, reflect concerns that are relevant to this day, such as better preservation of historical sites and criticism of politicians for their lack of sensitivity to the environment, history, and nature. At times, the nostalgic memories of the past, especially in terms of the untapped beauty of nature in the city of Rio de Janeiro, are called upon. Those memories foster a connection to current environmental causes. 1742 Brandão, Ignácio de Loyola. Se for pra chorar: que seja de alegria. São Paulo: Global Editora, 2016. 181 p.: ill. Ignácio de Loyola Brandão, the great novelist, short story writer, journalist, and member of the prestigious Brazilian Academy of Letters, is the author of this collection of 41 crônicas fi rst published in major newspapers such as O Estado de São Paulo and local ones such as the Tribuna de Araraquara. Brandão describes places he traveled, moments of his life, and his reflections about certain situations and peculiarities in the Brazilian social fabric. In the piece “Um baile que tem cem anos e invisibilidade dos negros na sociedade” (p. 152–155), Brandão touches on concerns about racism by vividly describing the disregard of Black people in society with a metaphor of invisibility and the consequential prejudice against them. Another passage that demonstrates the author’s versatility is in the piece “O que fazer sem listas tefônicas?” (p. 113). This short story or crônica incorporates his observations about the changes in day-today habits with the introduction of cellular phones and apps that make the telephone book redundant. 1743 Carpinejar. Amizade é também amor. Rio de Janeiro: BB, Bertrand Brasil, 2017. 287 p.: bibl.

In this work, Carpinejar reviews and reflects on the general theme of friendship and its relationship to love. The author’s experiences are described in 129 short crônicas highlighting the intrinsic relationships between friendship, love among friends and enemies, and individual attitudes when facing life’s events. Carpinejar is a poet, short story writer, and journalist who was born in 1972 in Caxias do Sul, a town in the southernmost Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul.

1744 Carpinejar. Menino da verdade. Porto Alegre, Brazil: Edelbra, 2015. 139 p.: ill. (Coleção Vida em pedaços) This collection addresses the themes of childhood, adult life, and memories of friendship with 35 crônicas that review moments and situations that are relatable, even if the similarity is vague or simply a minor resemblance. For example, in “Quando a Casa é um Ninho” (p. 29) the reader gets a taste of idiomatic expressions used in the author’s family that reveal that culture and language are interconnected and in constant movement. Expressions like “toró” to describe heavy rain, “matar cachorro a grito” to express despair, and many others are included. In “Frangos de Natal” (p. 33), anyone can sympathize with the mundane experience of seeing a rotisserie chicken and remembering the feeling that the appearance is better than the taste. These crônicas transport readers to simple, cozy, and safe cultural memories of growing up. For another volume by Carpinejar, see item 1743. 1745 Carvalho, Elísio de. Escritos policiais. Organização, apresentação e notas por Diego Galeano e Marília Rodrigues de Oliveira. Rio de Janeiro: Contracapa: FAPERJ, 2017. 169 p.: bibl., ill. (Coleção Rio de crônicas; 4) This volume brings together the work of Elísio de Carvalho (1880–1925), a short story writer, poet, newspaper founder, and director of the Gabinete de Identificação e Estatística da Polícia do Rio de Janeiro—a police bureau for individual identification and statistics in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The volume is presented by Diego Galeano and Marília Rodrigues de Oliveira, who compiled Elísio de Carvalho’s work. In his crônicas, Carvalho exposes the changes and modernization of the city of Rio de Janeiro

Literature: Brazil: Crônicas / 453 and its society and the parallel increase in crime in the city in the 1910–13 period. His work reflects on the perils of modernity and the internal confl icts that emerge as a city grows.

1746 Castro, Ruy. A arte de querer bem: crônicas. Rio de Janeiro: Estação Brasil, 2018. 254 p. The contents of this collection highlight past experiences and memories of the well-known and accomplished Brazilian writer and journalist Ruy Castro. Castro has written important books documenting key moments of Brazilian music such as bossa nova (see HLAS 74:2878), as well as discussing the Brazilian national pastime, soccer. In this book, Castro gathers 123 crônicas written between 2008 and 2017 that touch on a variety of topics from friendships to professional and personal experiences. His admiration for musicians, soccer players past and present (p. 197–214), and his vivid descriptions of the Brazilian national teams participating in World Cup soccer events are all evident in his writings. Castro also describes the aches and pains associated with his own aging process as a form of coming of age. 1747 A crônica dos quatro. Textos de Theresa Hilcar et al. Campo Grande, Brazil: FIC, Fundo de Investimentos Culturais de MS: Fundação de Cultura de Mato Grosso do Sul, Estado Mato Grosso do Sul, 2014. 253 p. This volume of crônicas focuses on the theme of aging. The book presents pieces by four different authors: Theresa Hilcar, Maria da Glória Sá Rosa, Maria Adélia Menegazzo, and Abílio Leite de Barros. Hilcar (p. 15–74) narrates life’s moments, memories, and reflections on the aging process. Rosa revisits her life and times in parallel with well-known writers. For example, one of the short stories lists feelings about the process of growing old. In the piece, the author recalls a mirror of life reflecting physical appearances that change over the years. To do this, she references a beautiful poem by the well-known Brazilian writer, educator, and poet Cecilia Meireles called “O retrato” (“The Portrait”). The author recalls the pioneering Brazilian novelist, poet, playwright, and short story writer, Machado de Assis, with the phrase “a vida

é uma grande opera. . .” (p. 97–100). Many important authors make appearances in her crônicas, including Fernando Pessoa, Carlos Drummond de Andrade, Luís de Camões, among others. Their works and passages provide the foundation for her memories and self-reflections. Menegazzo (p. 139–195) offers a nostalgic description of memories of past events and friends. And fi nally, Barros (p. 201–250) takes on the political environment as the basis for his memories and recollections.

1748 Farias, Tom. Carolina: uma biografia. Rio de Janeiro: Malê, 2017. 352 p.: bibl., ill. When the favela resident with uncanny literary talent, Carolina Maria de Jesus, launched her fi rst book in 1960, the literary class of São Paulo snubbed the event. Quarto de despejo, however, became a best seller in Brazil (see HLAS 25:4741) and was published abroad in several languages. When non-Brazilian academics began to study her diary and several other publications, Brazilian colleagues expressed wonder, even dismay—attitudes that continue to this day. This nicely illustrated and well-researched biography of the author, indicatively, is by a non-academic at a trade press. In the enduring story of this unique figure, a full biography is most welcome. [C. Perrone] 1749 Ianelli, Mariana. Entre imagens para guardar: crônicas. São Paulo: Ardotempo, 2017. 183 p.: ill. This book is composed of 71 short, delightful readings and exquisite illustrations. While the entries are about family and friends, they go beyond that topic alone by proclaiming writers and moments that could indeed be in anyone’s memories. For example, the short story “Código de Lispector” (p. 43) recalls the acclaimed Brazilian novelist and short story writer Clarice Lispector’s works in painting and literature and how both describe the artist. Another story relates memories of many poets who were—and still are—responsible for the most significant Brazilian literary work by using the metaphor of poets in the sky, “O céu dos poetas” (p. 92–93). 1750 Levy, Tatiana Salem. O mundo não vai acabar. Rio de Janeiro: José Olympio, 2017. 180 p.

454 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Levy is a writer and translator born in Portugal. In this book, she gathers clever reflections and discussions of contemporary sociopolitical issues such as rape, feminism, racial prejudice, sexual prejudice, religious fanaticism, and the military dictatorship in Brazil. Mostly previously published in a column in the Brazilian fi nancial newspaper Valor Econômico, the crônicas remind us of difficult historical moments. But, more importantly, the topics she addresses force us to challenges our critical thinking with current and past parallels of major events concerned with social justice and violence that have plagued the world.

1751 O tempo visto daqui: 85 cronistas paranaenses. Organização de Luís Bueno. Curitiba, Brazil: Biblioteca Paraná, 2018. 351 p.

Bueno is a professor of Brazilian literature at the Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR). In this book, he gathers crônicas published between 1854 and 2016 by different writers from the southern Brazilian state of Paraná. Each crônica has a unique approach to the discussion of a relevant topic. Some can be read as poems with a nostalgic blend, like “Quilombo” by De Placido e Silva (p. 89). Note that quilombo is a word that describes a Brazilian hinterland settlement founded by people of African origin. Cristovão Tezza contributes “Um Texto Coringa” (p. 79) about his own writing. The crônica by Dalton Trevisan, “My Darling Katherine (Mansfield)” (p. 81), has a romantic theme. Many other authors offer crônicas remembering and reflecting on moments of their lives.

Poetry CHARLES A. PERRONE , Professor Emeritus of Portuguese and Luso-Brazilian Literature and Culture, University of Florida

BEGINNING THE THIRD DECADE of the 21st century, it is fitting to reinforce the comments in the introduction to the Brazil: Poetry section of HLAS 74. In the domain of lyric, publishing houses sustain healthy activity, public events continue unabated, and useful virtual realms—individual web presences and collectives alike—continue to grow, sometimes with the assistance of fi nancial institutions or government agencies. Across the country, poets are as likely to engage in amatory textual pursuits as ever, in both free verse and fi xed forms, yet cannot help but react to worrisome current realities, whether political or environmental. Urban experience still dominates in poetry, though instances of rurally focused verse can be outstanding. Some established names have issued titles with new material, and a few volumes of venerable deceased voices have appeared. Elements of style, theme, locale, media, identity, production, and history all merit discussion in this reporting period. In numerical terms, one of the predominant characteristics in the current set of works, not just stylistically, is the preference for brevity. Employing a set of common descriptors—brief, terse, mini-, minimalist, haiku, haiku-like— nearly a quarter of the present list qualifies (examples of these works include, items 1770, 1785, 1799, 1816 and 1831). This tendency toward containment manifests independent of topic or degree of experimentation. A more impressive count is that of female authorship, including several newcomers and veteran contributors (items 1787, 1793, 1815, 1817, 1831, among many others). The largest case is a three-volume anthology spanning three centuries (item 1813), while

Literature: Brazil: Poetry / 455

the most significant is the complete poems of Orides Fontella (item 1784). As for other identitarian sets that have concerned contemporary readers and critics, a groundbreaking anthology of gay poets/poetry appeared (item 1826), and it is gratifying to see further publications by the preeminent Afro-Brazilian poets: Ricardo Aleixo (item 1754), known for his performances, Edimilson de Almeida Pereira (item 1821), who has organized his own anthology for a major publisher, and Salgado Maranhão (item 1801), as elegant as ever. As for African-derived forms, a leading poet-critic has published a researched sequence of oriki (item 1776). Regional identity (urban/rural) is asserted in chapbooks and books published in, or about, the literarily legendary Northeast (items 1789, 1790, 1798, 1800, 1809, 1823, and 1832); the landlocked state of Minas Gerais (items 1777, 1781, 1788, 1814, 1815, 1816, and 1836); Rio Grande do Sul (items 1778, 1822, and 1833); plus the Amazon (items 1796 and 1820) to mention a tropical site. Relatively few items (items 1763, 1778, 1779, 1788, 1806, and 1819) contain what one would call interor trans-American substance. In terms of publishing hubs or nuclei, cities outside the Rio de Janeiro-São Paulo axis have stepped forward as key sites. Fourteen items were published in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais (items 1757, 1760, 1769, 1771, 1775, 1777, 1783, 1788, 1792, 1799, 1815, 1816, 1826, and 1835), five in Curitiba, Paraná (items 1759, 1773, 1776, 1795, and 1804) and several others in Recife, Pernambuco (items 1763, 1790, 1800, and 1823). In criticism, there are fewer entries here than one is accustomed to seeing in this venue, but there are two notable entries: an award-winning study of the acclaimed Paulo Leminski (item 1795), and an admirably reviewed, original study of an overlooked aspect of the work of Carlos Drummond de Andrade (item 1836). In addition, there are an autobiographical retrospective of a long-term poetcritic (item 1829), volumes of correspondence (items 1763 and 1814), interviews (item 1783), and a formidable critical edition of a rare epic poem of the colonial period (item 1820). As always, readers should check to see what critical apparatus (front/back matter, annotations, footnotes) may accompany the books of individual poets or groups. Other well-known names with fresh books are Rodrigo Garcia Lopes of Paraná, who may have the book of the year (item 1794); Rui Espinheira Filho of Bahia (item 1780), who returns to classical roots; Alcides Buss of Santa Catarina (item 1765), and José Paes Loureiro of Pará (item 1796). Reprint volumes include such prominent names as Mário Quintana of Rio Grande do Sul (item 1822); the prolific Alberto da Cunha Melo of Pernambuco (item 1809); and a special “touristic” selection of the great João Cabral de Melo Neto (item 1766). Cabral and one other colleague qualify as poet-diplomats (item 1834). Three collections concern the late 60s and 70s: a revamped presentation of the poems and other writings of Torquato Neto (item 1835), an anthology of the most considered poets of the so-called marginal poetry (item 1752), and an homage to Ana Cristina César (item 1753). One audiovisual contribution relates to a multifaceted edited volume about the generation of those poets (see HLAS 74:2520). The amount of material related to the digital presence of poetry is on the rise. There are titles with ISBN numbers that are available on the web as PDFs (items 1804, 1805, 1806, 1808, and 1813), whether simultaneously issued in print or in search of a publisher to produce a print version. There are self-produced works connected to dedicated web sites (item 1760). There are sui generis books with QR codes (item 1803). And, as noted at the end of the previous paragraph, there are virtual presentations (e.g., YouTube) about published criticism. Whenever

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there are mentions of the internet—where visual effects are so much easier to achieve and communicate—one ponders visuality in print venues. As has been the case since the 1960s, current Brazilian publications often display inter-arts fl air, with plastic arts at the fore. Lyric may take the form of visual-assemic-material poetry (especially item 1764) or calligraphy (especially items 1804, 1805, 1806, and 1808). There are illustrated collections (e.g., item 1831), equivalents of artist’s books (item 1828), sequences self-consciously cinematic (item 1774), and showstage verses (item 1819). In conjunction, never before have there been so many releases that will attract those readers interested in book design, bookmaking, layout, or related dimensions. Some of the works reviewed here merit perusal and appreciation for their physical qualities (items 1755, 1768, 1770, 1799, 1810, 1816, 1819, and 1832). In so many of the items referenced above, there are individual instances, internal sections or sets of poems that would fall under the rubric of social, political, or historically concerned verse. Two items deserve special attention in this regard: a self-published collection (item 1760) that is overtly “counter”-discourse and an anthology dedicated to the protection of democracy and citizens’ rights in the current conjuncture of repression and dismantling of human services (item 1758). Poetry always has been, and will continue to be, an indispensable way to express dissent and to deal with the human condition.

1752 Destino: poesia: antologia. Organização de Italo Moriconi et al. 2a edição. Rio de Janeiro: José Olympio, 2016. 159 p.: bibl., facsimiles, ill. A modestly sized anthology to introduce younger readers to some of the best voices of the so-called “mimeograph generation” of the 1970s, who produced poesia marginal and more informed verse through the 1980s. Common stylistic traits are colloquial language, brevity, conversational discursivity, and aleatory selection. One morbid organizing principle of the collection is that all the poets died premature deaths, two by suicide (César, Neto), one by heart failure (Cacaso), one by cirrhosis of the liver (Leminski), one by brain cancer (Salomão, who lived the longest, 59 years). All the male poets also wrote lyrics and worked in music to greater or lesser degrees. Moriconi’s presentation, as always, is clear, useful and insightful. 1753 A nossos pés. Contribuções de Alexandre Barbalho et al. Organização e prefacio de Manoel Ricardo de Lima. Posfácio de Luciana Di Leone. Rio de Janeiro: 7Letras, 2017. 93 p. New and expanded edition of a collection of poems written to honor Ana Cristina César on the 21st anniversary of her passing

(d. 1983) originally published by Editora da Casa, SC jointly with Dantes Editora, RJ in 2008. This iteration contains 48 and an afterword that adds to the corpus of critical appreciations of the Carioca writer. Each poem is prompted by one of her poems, or an aspect of her biography, though only six actually cite the poem with which it enters into a dialogue. Naturally, the collection will appeal above all to those who follow all the posthumous publications by or about the honored author.

1754 Aleixo, Ricardo. Pesado demais para a ventania: antologia poética. São Paulo: Todavia, 2018. 195 p. The author is a widely respected and sought-after artist, as he dramatically performs select items of his poetry. He confesses in his foreword that the poems he initially selected for this thematically (and not chronologically) organized anthology were all performance pieces. The model for selection, of course, is the personal anthology that Carlos Drummond de Andrade, a fellow Mineiro (that is, from Minas Gerais) imagined in 1962. Then, and in the present case of six divisions, readers who want to know source books and years have to go to them, as the anthologies do not provide that bibliographical information. Aleixo can be

Literature: Brazil: Poetry / 457 light and/or profound in his lyrical and occasionally experimental (material) offerings concerning life, love, the city, others and the self, but his denunciations of racism in Brazil, and around the world, are among the most impressive. If one cannot or does not have all of his many books of poetry, this anthology is a partial consolation.

1755 Andrade, Paula Valéria. Amores, líquidos e cenas. São Paulo: Laranja Original, 2017. 124 p.: color ill. Very active and diverse author (children’s lit, pedagogy, stories, art), teacher and artistic director (theater, fi lm), whose multiple activities are reflected in her dynamic late-modern verse. In this title there is a convergence of lyric, philosophy and cinema in the contemplation of a significant past and a polyrelational present in which the poet manages to integrate writing and living. Attractive features of the book are a very brief presentation by Claudio Willer, homages to other writers (e.g., Hilda Hilst), and illustrations (graphic designs, cartoons, photographs, graffiti). The author is an engaged advocate of women’s writing. 1756 Angiolillo, Francesca. Etiópia. Rio de Janeiro: 7Letras, 2017. 124 p.: ill. This is the author’s debut book. She was inspired by a trip to the Ethiopia of her father, the poetic narration of which occupies the second part of the collection, culture shock and all. The fi rst part is also about being-in-the-world, not so much in the existential sense, but in a more literal sense that takes the lyric voice to France, Italy, Iran, Samoa and elsewhere, in addition to the cosmopolitan spaces of São Paulo. The sheer novelty of this title adds to its appeal. 1757 Aquino, Mônica de. Fundo falso. Belo Horizonte, Brazil: Relicário, 2018. 99 p. Second book by a poet of Belo Horizonte with a clear poetic vocation. This nicely produced small book of lyrical contemplations is divided into seven autonomous sections, the most distinctive of which is the fi rst, where Ulysses’ Penelope is the persona. Other sections concern, vaguely, pain as method, memory, mirrors, today, the mathematics of solitude, and raw material, all of which can be understood to represent language itself, the fundamental tool of communication and expression. The

verse is dense, abstract, conceptual, and rewarding.

1758 Ato poético: poemas pela democracia. Organização de Marcia Tiburi and Luis Maffei. Rio de Janeiro: Oficina Raquel, 2020. 155 p. Seventy poets, many prominent names, including Garcia Lopes (item 1794), contribute to this anthology, which amounts to an anti-fascist protest-manifesto against the present state and offers hope for surviving chaos through poetry. Divided into nine sections: “Disillusionment,” “Horror,” “Stupefaction,” “Exasperation,””Transit,” “Combat,” “Scorn,” “Caress,” and “Future.” Lulalivre*Lulalivro (see HLAS 74:2506), a book of poetry in defense of Lula, is a comparable publication. 1759 Barros, Sônia. Tempo de dentro. Curitiba, Brazil: Biblioteca Paraná, 2018. 81 p. This collection won the 2017 State Library prize for poetry. The title and epigraphs tell the poet’s principal concern: interior time, memorable substance in the flux of time denser than chronological history (E. Bosi), a subjective duration that prolongs the life of the past in the present (Bergson). In many poems this preoccupation is direct or overt, in others subtle or implicit. Inexorably, the arc is from childhood to late adulthood, and familial relations emerge. There is a recurring contrast of male (paternal) and female (maternal) roles in life cycles. 1760 Barroso, Carlos. 41 POEMAS CONTRA. Belo Horizonte, Brazil: s.n., 2020. 49 p.: photos. This item comprises a web-published mini-anthology of select fractured lyrical texts, visual poems (some pure image), video-poems, registers of installations, and art-objects from 1977–2020. This open post by a poet-journalist, who has been active in the local scene for decades, is an excellent example of how artists of the word have resorted to virtual means to reach national and international audiences. 1761 Bastos, Gisele Lessa. Por aí = At large. Rio de Janeiro: 7Letras, 2017. 129 p.: color ill. The author moved as a child to NYC in 1969, as such she was able to become

458 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 truly bilingual, as the dual texts in the work attest. The main attraction is the visual dimension: most of the texts were rendered in paint/ink on canvas, acrylic paper or other surface, and displayed via photographs. The artist somehow managed to get a promotional blurb from Ricardo Piglia (professor at Princeton) before his death in his native Buenos Aires. He calls her lyric “laconic and lethargic. . . intense and original.” This is also a hard-core transamerican item with cross-genre interest.

1762 Blank, Sérgio. Os dias ímpares. 3a edição. Vitória, Brazil: Cousa, 2016. 193 p. This volume gathers the poet’s five books of verse (since 1984) and adds some biographical and critical material, transcriptions of reviews of each of the books. The title comes from a salient ironic poem in a 1996 release. That the present collection has reached a third “edition” (= printing) shows that the author has a solid following in his home state (Espírito Santo), and critics have opined that he is the best of his local generation alongside Waldo Motta, who is not nearly as productive. Blank writes (late) modernist free verse and some “postmodern” mixes (per some reviews), demonstrating always vocabular abundance. Dark and pessimistic tones are louder than any celebratory pose. As with so many poets since the 1960s, musical references abound and song (Anglo American and Brazilian) can be cited as a source of inspiration. 1763 Brasil, Geraldino. Encontro entre poetas: as cartas de Geraldino Brasil e de Jaime Jaramillo Escobar. Organização de Beatriz Brenner. Recife, Brazil: Cepe Editora, 2017. 413 p.: bibl., ill. Between 1979 and 1995 two active South American poets exchanged letters and publications. The daughter of the Brazilian correspondent decided to document the back and forth and careers of the two (the other is from Colombia), not just for the historical curiosity of longevity, but for the evidence of literary vocation, transnational esthetic friendship, lyrical insights, and personal trajectories. The gallery of images and facsimiles is substantial. Scholars of interAmerican /transamerican literature should fi nd a ripe case study here.

1764 Bruscky, Paulo. Poesia viva. Organização de Antonio Sergio Bessa. São Paulo: Cosac Naify, 2015. 1 v. (unpaged): chiefly color ill. Very significant compilation of the work of one of the principal exponents of material poetry in Brazil since the late 1960s: poema processo, postal art, semiotic lyric, visual poetry, collage, verbo-graphic page art. These facsimile reproductions provide a well-rounded notion of the different media that the poet-artist has employed in his national and international interventions. The volume editor adds a substantial introductory presentation and historicized exposition concerning his fellow countryman. 1765 Buss, Alcides. Janela para o mar. Florianópolis, Brazil: Caminho de Dentro Edições, 2012. 125 p. The author has been active in poetic circles since 1970. This attractive volume contributes to one of the most prominent thematic concerns in Portuguese-language poetry since the inception of print lyric: the sea. Seven seas, seven sections in this admirable volume of measured verse all inspired by the seas and oceans, with epigraphs from a series of Lusophone poets who have pondered the seas. 1766 Cabral de Melo Neto, João. A literatura como turismo. Seleção e texto de Inez Cabral. Rio de Janeiro: Alfaguara, 2016. 149 p.: bibl., ill. The daughter of the great architect of modern poetry, and diplomat, has gathered the poems that her father wrote about foreign locations and added extensive commentary about family life and circumstances of the poems. Because he has a whole book with the name of Seville in the title one might assume that the Spanish city dominates the selection, but there are plenty of other locations in Europe, Africa, and the Americas. All of the poems are reprints, while the prose annotations are all new. A welcome and unique addition to the corpus concerning Cabral. 1767 Camelo, Thiago. Descalço nos trópicos sobre pedras portuguesas. São Paulo: Editora Nós, 2017. 95 p. This series of long lyrics (2–18 p. each) could be read as one extended mental text, a delirium or flow of consciousness of a post-

Literature: Brazil: Poetry / 459 modern, all-things-go persona whose mind can take him in any direction. The writing seems automatic at times. There are columns of short lines in columns in diverse poetic spaces: airplane, island, home, library, with frequent appearances of technology and devices. An abiding interest in science shows. An avid insomniac whose wild imagination may border on hallucination.

1768 Cardoso, Carlos Eduardo. Na pureza do sacrilégio. Desenhos de Lena Bergstein. Cotia, Brazil: Ateliê Editorial, 2017. 131 p.: bibl., ill. Forty-plus center-aligned lyric instances, mostly short, only a few multi-page items. The tone is generally intense without being excessive. The oxymoron of the title (purity v. sacrilege), which are also the fi nal words of the collection, sets an over-arching orientation, whether in very subjective enunciations or views of unpleasant social reality. The decidedly noncolloquial diction encompasses paradox and unusual combinations of words/ideas. Some recurring images include silence, walls, and wind, while preoccupations of the lyric I are I-thou relations (love, passion), poetry, soul-spirit-divinity. The book design is attractive and noteworthy: a series of 12 visual spreads—from front flap to back, and interspersed across facing leaves every 12 pages or so—creates the sensation of walls, on which provocative words are drawn, poetic graffiti as it were. A preface by Silviano Santiago is an additional positive feature. 1769 Carmona, Kaio. Para quando. Belo Horizonte, Brazil: Scriptum, 2017. 83 p. Some three dozen lyrical instances, all in the amatory category. The word amor appears in almost all of these poems about courtship, passion, desire, relationships, and the like. While not exactly innovative, this carefully crafted collection will stand out as a homage to the most venerable of all themes since time immemorial. 1770 Carpinejar. Amor à moda antiga. Caxias do Sul, Brazil: Belas-Letras, 2016. 105 p.: ill. Well-known author across genres, receives an old portable typewriter as a gift and proceeds to typewrite 50 brief colloquial lyrics about love, relationships (spousal or

otherwise), and feelings. The diction, not at all ancient despite the title, is scarcely compelling, but the product design is: fi rst and last pages are illustrations, alternate pages are green, and each poem is a facsimile of the uncorrected typescript, some with manual annotations, all creating a sense of intimacy.

1771 Carvalho, Rafael F. Bambuzal. Belo Horizonte, Brazil: Moinhos, 2017. 69 p. The author has previous titles to his credit. The present release is a perfect-bound chapbook of three dozen haikus (some true to traditional syllable count) book-ended by images of bamboo clumps. The collection portrays rural, agricultural life close to nature. A nice addition to the ever-growing corpus of Brazilian verse in the haiku vein. 1772 Cavalcanti, Isabel. Aquele que tem mais o que fazer. Rio de Janeiro: 7Letras, 2017. 87 p. Debut book of poetry by a Carioca working in the theatre. The free verse is mostly about relationships, familial (mother, father, grandmother, uncle) and otherwise (fellow kids, lovers, spouses) over periods of life (childhood, adolescence, adulthood). There are a few surprises (imagining cannibalism, a punch in the face, setting fi re), but most of the lyric enunciations are unremarkable. 1773 Collin, Luci. A palavra algo. São Paulo:: Iluminuras, 2016. 109 p. (Poesia) Ninth book of poetry by a widely published author of lyric and prose alike. This title was a national book award fi nalist. The title “the word something/somewhat” is indicative of the wide-ranging scope of this collection of free verse, whose lyric voices address myriad concerns and phenomena. The author represents the literature of Curitiba and, inexorably, women’s poetry. 1774 Corona, Ricardo. Cinemaginário. São Paulo: Patuá Editora, 2014. 80 p. Re-edition of a 1999 book in a fancier format and with critical apparatus (a foreword and three reviews). There is no explanation of the new version; readers are left to figure out the situation with data provided. The work includes four carefully organized

460 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 sections of terse sometimes fractured verse, all made with the notions of cinema and imagination blending in series of bright, visual images. There is a clear interarts imperative; beyond fi lm, plastic arts and music come into play. A collection truly worthy of this updated release.

1775 Costa, Erick and Maraíza Labanca. Rés: (livro das contaminações). Belo Horizonte, Brazil: Cas’a’screver, 2014. 111 p. Elegant short book with dual (alternating) authors and an overarching conceit. Page one has a seemingly manuscript rendering of the title, and page two is a reverse mirror image of the same, suggesting that there is something related behind (or beneath) every enunciation. Rés is a reverse anagram of ser, and abstract being is invoked often in the sequence of forty plus poems, each identified by the fi rst initial of the author. Rés also has several meanings and suggests other pregnant words: resto, resina, retina, all of which help characterize the mostly minimalist fractured verse reminiscent of the mental and physical images of the late Haroldo de Campos. The lineup of poems is the result of an extended back and forth between the two poets. The notion of “contamination” is the way in which a prompt or shared poem inspires a response; it could be a word, a whole line, a certain rhythm, an image, a line break or any other feature of the text. The poetry is not exactly anti-sentimental, but the intellectual impusle surely dominates. 1776 Daniel, Claudio. Marabô obatalá (Poesia para os orixás). Curitiba, Brazil: Kotter Editorial, 2020. 60 p. The author offers a convenient foreword to this 21-item sequence of poems dedicated to the orishas, the deities of the Yoruba pantheon in candomblé, the spiritpossession religion of West Africa, which has survived the centuries in Brazil. Oriki are traditional ritual texts, still sung in candomblé ceremonies. Poet-critic Antonio Risério introduced the form to literary circles, and several other colleagues have written inspired in them, notably Ricardo Aleixo (see item 1754). The present contributions tries to maintain elements of folk models, e.g., epithets for each deity, proverbs, and myths. A glossary of non-

Portuguese terms is added to this nicely researched and executed set of poems.

1777 Elísio, Geraldo. Centelha: haikais, poesias e contos curtos. Belo Horizonte, Brazil: Neutra Editora, 2017. 286 p. Approaching his 80th birthday, the versatile author-prize-winning journalist, filmmaker, novelist, folklorist shows himself to be an accomplished poet as well. Decades ago he dabbled in concrete poetry. Here he offers a substantial repertoire of haikus, an arsenal of wide-ranging lyrical poetry (almost all center-aligned, unusual for an octogenarian) written over the years, and flash fiction with poetic airs. A notable figure in the culture of the state of Minas Gerais. 1778 Escobar Nogueira, José Eduardo. Borges vai ao cinema com Maria Kodama. São Paulo: Chiado Editora, 2015. 70 p. The title of this slim volume hints at two of its main features: the focus on relationships (I-thou, he-she, father-son) in so many of these short personal lyrics, and a certain inter-American (Brazil and Southern Cone neighbors) ethic. In this his fourth book, this observer of the world is sensitive to airs in his home state of Rio Grande do Sul, at the border, and around the globe (cf. frequent allusions to art, cinema and literature, notably in epigraphs). The human spectacles portrayed here can seem odd, unusual or even absurd. 1779 Escobar Nogueira, José Eduardo. Rapaz com cicatriz. Porto Alegre, Brazil: Artes & Ecos, 2020. 72 p.: bibl, photos. Latest of eight collections of personal verse by this poet-professor of Rio Grande do Sul. The book is divided into three sections or sets of poems. The fi rst is “the land of childhood” and presents, perhaps autobiographically, the title scar, schoolyards, girls, games, and play. The second comprises “boxes” of “adult” experiences at bordellos; humor abounds. The third is a “lyrical machine” that is scarcely mechanical; the assorted shorts concern father-son exchanges as well as reader-writer possibilities. The rural gaúcho element is inexorably tinged with cosmopolitan hues. 1780 Espinheira Filho, Ruy. Babilônia & outros poemas. São Paulo: Patuá Editora, 2017. 135 p.

Literature: Brazil: Poetry / 461 This prolific and still active author (b. 1942) has released a dozen works of fiction and dozens of collections of poetry, selfanthologies included. Carlos Drummond de Andrade said Espinheira Filho’s debut book of verse was “concentrated subtle expression,” and successive titles have confi rmed the opinion. The present work is steeped in classical cultures, Greco-Latin and others (cf. the very title), and measured forms (distich tercet sonnet elegy et al.) are more evident than any free verse or longer contemplations. Even Portugal is a larger presence than the poet’s native Bahia, which appears via poems dedicated to friends.

1781 Fajardo, Elias. Por assim dizer. Rio de Janeiro: 7Letras, 2018. 166 p.: ill. The author, who has published 15 books of fiction and environmental studies and conducts writing workshops, here ventures into the terrain of poetry. His untitled instances of verse are curt, brief, contained, with the exception of one of the seven sub-divisions of the book called “torrents,” which are “torrential” when compared to the contents under other rubrics: amatory, so to speak, elementary, of Minas Gerais, tiny one, and winter verses. As the writer is also a plastic artist, it is no surprise that visual imagery, chromaticism, light and landscape should be evident. 1782 Fonseca, Lucia Garcia da. Vestígios. Rio de Janeiro: 7Letras, 2017. 92 p. This is the author’s ninth book, including both prose and poetry, for which she has garnered a couple of prizes. The title, vestiges, already hints at the retrospective nature of the collection, indeed a lyrical look at life from childhood through adolescence, adulthood, middle age, and the arrival at sixty 60. The autobiographical is sufficiently filtered and abstracted in imagery that the dangers of insipidity and sentimentality are avoided. The approach and verse are reminiscent of the latter memory-driven poetry of Carlos Drummond de Andrade, and indeed one of the poems here is called “Resíduo,” one of his most memorable. There is a recurring recourse of imagery of fish, an effective device for buffering the emotional content. 1783 Fontela, Orides. Orides Fontela: toda palavra é crueldade: depoimentos, entrevistas, resenhas. Organização de Nathan

Matos. Belo Horizonte, Brazil: Moinhos, 2019. 150 p.: bibl. The editor of this compilation wants to see increased critical reception of the widely lauded, but not so well-known poet (d. 1999). This modest contribution includes his brief introduction, reprints of statements and interviews by the poet, as well as of the reviews she wrote of humanities books for the São Paulo press. The interviews contain several eyebrow-raising moments and comprise engaging reading. All of the items should be consulted by any researcher doing a comprehensive study of the subject. See item 49 for her complete poetry. See item 1784 for her complete poetry.

1784 Fontela, Orides. Poesia completa. Organização de Luis Dolhnikoff. São Paulo: Hedra, 2015. 425 p.: index. (Coleção Hedra; 174) This artist of the world (d. 1999) was “discovered” in the mid-1960s and adopted by prominent names of the literary establishment. In the 1970s, she studied philosophy at USP, training certainly evident in her terse, dense verse (especially her favorite Heidegger, and the theoretician of language, Wittgenstein). She was consecrated in the pantheon of significant contemporary poets in the late 1980s when Duas Cidades published her collected poems in the luxury series Claro Enigma. The laudatory critical presentation was by none other than Antonio Candido. Since then she published another original collection and a fi rst complete poetic works, and her biographer discovered two dozen unpublished poems, which are included in the present tome of complete poetry. In the informative introduction the critic compares her fate to that of such writers as Adélia Prado, Hilda Hilst, Roberto Piva, and Paulo Leminski. She is one of the most prominent poets of the late 20th century in Brazil because in her work one fi nds “the quintessence of the best modern lineages and the capacity to put an unmistakable personal stamp on them” (Candido). 1785 Furtado, Pollyanna. À sombra do iluminado. Rio de Janeiro: 7Letras, 2017. 109 p. Three sequences of sharp lyric instances and a set of haiku comprise this admirable personal collection, her fi fth

462 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 poetry publication. The author is from, and works, in the North, far from the Rio-São Paulo axis, but has published in the former. She deserves attention in all these domains.

1786 Garcia, Marília. Câmera lenta. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2017. 96 p. Fifth book by an proven voice who has shown a neofuturist interest in technology (electronic and mechanical) as a springboard for poetry. Here the extended fi nal poem (23 p. “epilogue”) is an intriguing textual “adventure” prompted by a propeller. The language is prosaic, yet experimental, ranging in reference from da Vinci to aviation disasters. The opening poem manages to blend spleen and drones, while loops recur in the body of the text, which though seemingly colloquial is unusual and unsettling. Fascinating new set of poems to ponder. 1787 Glenadel, Paula. Rede: poesia. Rio de Janeiro: Confraria do Vento, 2014. 70 p. (Coleção Os contemporâneos) A genre-busting experimental piece cataloged as poetry, but executed as a play or dramatic mise-en-scène. The humor is intellectual and obtuse (the author is imbued with French poststructuralism), but the daring criticism in this web-net-hammock is undeniable. 1788 Guimarães, Raquel Beatriz Junqueira. Poemário. Tradução de Miguel Coletti. Belo Horizonte, Brazil: Cas’a’screver, 2014. 77 p. Poemário means a set or collection of poems; poemario is a neologism for poemriver, the foundational word of this bilingual bound chapbook built around multiple aquatic images. It is inspired in a Peruvian text (reproduced here) the author saw fragments of while in a park tunnel. This is a debut publication, and the circumstances of inspiration are more interesting than the new verse itself. The title is another contribution of Minas Gerais state, as well as a unique instance of transamerican lyric. 1789 Gurgel, Nonato. miniSertão. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Caetés, 2014. 102 p. This is a reprint edition of a 1993 publication with a few additional subsequent items. The original was well received, the

new edition merited. The poet divides his texts into five sections, the second of which gives title to the book. The fi rst is cleverly intertextual and sets the stage for the overarching Backlands theme. Part two connects the interior of the Northeast with the literary outback of Guimarães Rosa, delightfully for fans of that incomparable author. The following sections are both down to earth and cosmopolitan, demonstrating a vast comprehension of cultural geography. The meeting of the minds—a rural historical Northeast and the modern world—makes for a memorable poetic event.

1790 Juva, José. Watsu. Recife, Brazil: Companhia Editora de Pernambuco, 2016. 87 p. This book was awarded the third literary prize of the state of Pernambuco, and deservedly so as it is provocative from start to fi nish. The poet elaborates on flows of water and experience using as his point of departure the titular watsu, which is a form of hydrotherapy, aquatic bodywork aimed at deep relaxation and passive healing. He is interested in ecstasy, spirituality, and heightened forms of awareness in poems of varied extension—from humorous oneliners to multi-page constructions—and scope, both intimate and for the world at large. The fi rst section has an engaging ars poetica that demonstrates both local appreciation and universal scope. There are surprises, both graphic and semantic, on every page, inviting rereadings. 1791 Langone, Hugo. Do nascer ao pôr do sol, um sacrifício perfeito. Rio de Janeiro: 7Letras, 2015. 69 p. Four dozen pages of personal freeverse lyric in search of transcendence, with varied success. The author studies comparative literature, which is reflected in his multi-source palate. 1792 Leite, Guto. Talvez um instrumento o que se houve ao fundo. Belo Horizonte, Brazil: Moinhos, 2017. 117 p. Another fi ne addition to the corpus of current poetry from the city of Belo Horizonte. This is an intense book of extremely varied diction based on a Dantesque structure: the three sections of external structure correspond to the inferno-purgatory-paradise triad of “La Divina Commedia.” Leite’s

Literature: Brazil: Poetry / 463 fi rst section is “The Fall” and comprises an unpunctuated prose-poem flow with hellish tones and unbridled language in a jet of delirium. The second section is a stylistic turn around, as the 20+ pages are all 1–2-3 liners, epigrams, and quick observations of the quotidian tinged with humor, irony, and regret. Part three is a showcase of different images and registers, from the minimalist to the effusive, suggestions of all the -isms in Brazilian poetry since 1900. The mood is skeptical despite being in Paradise.

1793 Lins, Catarina. O teatro do mundo. Rio de Janeiro: 7Letras, 2017. 126 p. Third book by a voracious young poet from Florianópolis, SC, with a worldwide consciousness. This new experimental offering cuts across genres. The titular conceit opens performative, dramatic, theatrical dimensions. The writing is conceived as one long poem (112 p. in 11 parts, items numbered I-XLIV, 45–67), thus qualifying as a lyric-epic or epic-lyric in the manner of expansive poems since the 1970s, though there is hardly a linear narrative. In its hyper-modernist way, the work is more of a collage/montage of fragments and fractured parts with input/output of all sorts: monologue, dialogue, scenes, photo captions, song texts, post cards, notebook entries, in-box messages, a myriad of types. The most entertaining part is the shortest one: an exercise in ekphrasis about the tattoos of LeBron James. Other US American references are to chief poets. Both foreword and afterword add to the experience. Overall, a challenging and somewhat mysterious textual voyage very much worth the effort to accompany. 1794 Lopes, Rodrigo Garcia. O enigma das ondas. São Paulo: Iluminuras, 2020. 152 p. This is the seventh book of verse by an established author, who has been contributing to the domain of poetry since the 1980s with original work, translations, interviews with artists abroad, and some criticism (see item 1795). The present title presents a mature and poly-facetic voice attentive to the outside world and sensitive from the inside out. The 91 poems are grouped under four rubrics: language, pandemonium, loci, mentis. Versatility is demonstrated in a range of styles, registers, and

forms: measured strophes, fi xed forms and free verse alike, from the epigrammatic to multi-page poems, with open fields of reference, from classical antiquity to present-day conjuncture, and a palate of tones from the lofty and elegant to the journalistic and quotidian, with no lack of sarcasm or shying away from dystopian scenes. Themes are political, critical, satirical, and reflexive. The organizing image-conceit is that of the title, the enigma of the waves, and indeed the fi rst and last poems are bookends in that vein: the opening one follows a surfer in action, and the lengthy title track is an impressive closing. Most of the meta-literary items are in the fi rst section, which also has some expressions of horrors about neoliberal neo-fascism, though these are stronger in the second section. Here there is the inevitable allusion to Milton as well as an address to pandemics. The scope of section three is planetary (the seven seas, and mar is in fact the most common word in the whole book) and the historical range is millennial, from medieval troubadours to the 21st century. The fourth section is ostensibly more “mental;” one is reminded of the wandering imaginations of Whitman and Pessoa (Álvaro de Campos) and Valéry in the attention to sound and sense. Passim one could detect nods of respect and traces of the world poets this poet of Paraná has translated (Whitman, Rimbaud, Riding, Plath) or analyzed (Paulo Leminski). Overall, one of the more notable recent releases in the realm.

1795 Lopes, Rodrigo Garcia. Roteiro literário Paulo Leminski. Curitiba, Brazil: Biblioteca Paraná, 2018. 172 p.: bibl., ill. (Coleção Roteiro literário) This short book is a well-written and valuable account of the life and work of a multi-genre artist of the word, Paulo Leminski (1944–89), often considered to be the best poet of his generation. There are chapters on biography and his experimental novel Catatau (1975), but most of the presentation and analysis concerns the songs, lyric poems, and material poetry produced between 1964 and 1989. The collected poems number some 630 titles as verified in the best-selling volume Toda poesia (see HLAS 70:2150). Two additional segments are complementary, one on the city of Curitiba itself, which Leminski imagined in several compositions,

464 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 and another a collection of relevant photographs. The poetic analysis is quite successfully based on the triad of Ezra Pound: logopeia, fanopeia, melopeia, approaches founded on the conceptual, the visual, and the sonorous. An effective combination of critical prose aimed at general readership and specialists alike. It was awarded a book of the year award in the category of essay by the Brazilian National Library.

1796 Loureiro, João de Jesus Paes. Encantarias da palavra. Belém, Brazil: Editora da Universidade Federal do Pará (ed.UFPA), 2017. 269 p.: color ill. Prominent voice of the Amazon since 1964, this poet-professor has published some three dozen books, mostly lyric, but drama and essay as well. The present volume has useful paratexts: an introductory critical appreciation, and two afterwords by the author, one his poetics, the other a poeticized mini-autobiography. His own “theory” of lyric is based on the titular word encantarias, which combines conditional senses of song and enchantment as applied to words. Two of the nine sections here are modestly self-characterized as “small perceptions of the quotidian.” Others consider felines, dance, myths, and nature (where regional folklore is key), amatory themes, and the dramatic. The poet’s range is wide and well-informed, but the return to the preoccupation with the Amazon has been a career-long guarantee. 1797 Lucchesi, Marco. Mal de amor. São Paulo: Patuá Editora, 2018. 102 p.: ill. One of the newer members of the ABL, Brazilian Academy of Letters, the author is a multilingual professor of comparative literature with wide-ranging expertise. Here he offers three sections of incisive mini-lyrics (one to seven lines) whose purported theme of love concerns language and imagery as much as human emotion. A sharp set of tiny texts in a lovely b/w layout worthy of note. 1798 Macedo, Maurício de. Cantilena. Rio de Janeiro: 7Letras, 2018. 89 p. In addition to many others, sixth book of verse with this publisher by this prolific poet of Maceió. This is very much a meta-literary occasion. With one exception, each of the 80 poems is about or refers

to genres, discourse and/or communication: words, poem, poet, poetry, writer, book, critic, muse, song, memory, prayer, tongue, voice, mute, shout, silence, secret, speech, photograph, story, drama, tombstone, chirps, characters, reader, documents, psalms, and variations thereof. There are enough invocations of religion and God to make this a source for any study of the divine in modern poetry of Brazil. The main value of this collection, however, is as a case study in self-awareness of the writer-poet. Another aspect to consider is the Northeastern origin of the author and book.

1799 Machado, Jovino. Sobras completas: obra revisada & reunida, 1993–2013. Belo Horizonte, Brazil: Estúdio Guayabo, 2015. 381 p.: ill. What stands out about this volume— fi nanced with a municipal arts grant—are its physical traits: cut size, hard cover, quality paper, multiple illustrations, bible ribbon, recurring icons, facsimiles of the author’s reading lists, all making for a sort of artist’s book or fi ne-press publication. The pun of the title (complete leftover-s/ oeuvre) is admirable and sets the tone for so many of the brief lyric enunciations that follow: poesia-minuto à la Oswald de Andrade; flashes, epigrams, graffiti reminiscent of marginal poets of the 1970s-80s (notably Cacaso, who is cited in one poem); and 1–4 liners like Paulo Leminski’s. Some material is acrid, but more is cute and depends on references to quirky relationships or alcohol. The tome gathers 10 chapbooks and thin books of the previous 20 years, with some reworkings, and adds some new, fresh material. The very best segment is “Fratura exposta” (2005), 50 quatrains about what a poeta is/not, does/not, thinks/not, etc. The imagery here is sharper and more intense than anywhere else, as the male author creates a female personage who, according to one of the critical appendages, echoes Clarice Lispector and Hilda Hilst, and has traces of another dozen women eminent in Brazilian literature and music. Overall, the publication is more significant in local (Belo Horizonte) circles than the national scene. 1800 Magno, Montez. Soma: poesia. Recife, Brazil: Companhia Editora de Pernambuco 2016. 327 p.: bibl.

Literature: Brazil: Poetry / 465 Another voice from the Northeastern center of Recife, supported by local institutional grants. The poet (b. 1934) is a recognized practitioner of geometric abstractionism in visual arts but considers lyric his principal genre. Here he has collected in five sections work from 1961–2007, which originally appeared in ephemeral vehicles with limited circulation. The temptation to look for inter-arts connections cannot be resisted, and one will fi nd as much in titles, book design, chromatic expressions, and actual references (e.g. Pollock, van Gogh). In free and measured verse alike, with preference for long lines, the poet explores conventional lyric concerns—time, death, dreams, night, seas. Given his modern-art side, it is a bit surprising how little innovation there is in the poems. Toward the end there are clusters of poems about cemeteries, funerals, and impending death. There are also a few items for the ever-growing anthology of poems about the city of Recife. Three critical segments add to the value of the volume.

1801 Maranhão, Salgado. Avessos avulsos. Rio de Janeiro: 7Letras, 2016. 78 p.: portrait. Another powerful collection by one of the, if not the, top voices of his generation (b. 1953), with concentrated image, metaphor and symbol. These are 53 “verbal scenes” (the number coincides with his birth year, coincidence?) in which the lyric subject contemplates self and other in abstracted situations, imagined or inspired (perhaps) in experience. The I-thou configuration can involve human players, or poet and language. Mirrors, labyrinths, slippery surfaces and moveable syntax make for serial ethereal abstractions. There are a critical foreword and afterword, both of which add to the value of the tome. Given his national bibliography and translations abroad, the author can be considered to be a major representative of Brazilian lyric globally. As an AfroBrazilian, everything he writes is notable in that identity domain. 1802 Marovatto, Mariano. Casa. Rio de Janeiro: 7Letras, 2015. 53 p. This thin book is the author’s eighth, including one of criticism, apparently based on his doctoral thesis. The two parts of this

home/house sequence are titled “the world fits in a drawer” (an allusion to the old saying that every educated person has a book of poetry in a drawer?) and “wake up tomorrow” (a nod to the weight of memory). Both phrases are incorporated in one of the prose poems of the second part, which has airs of a travel log. The poet’s free verse is cast in lines ranging from the very short to the very long, and the dominant attitude is that of the smart observer.

1803 Marques, Pedro. Cena absurdo: revisto e diminuto, 1998–2015. Cotia, Brazil: Ateliê Editorial, 2016. 79 p.: ill. Hardback edition, with a long and excessive academic afterword, of poems that date back to the end of the 20th century and contemplate the absurdities of contemporary times, especially in Brazil. The published version here includes reworkings of home-bred texts of years ago. There are myriad references of high and low-brow culture, including regional domains. Verses are both free and measured conventionally, independent of thematic focus. There are QR codes at the beginning of sections linked to sound sites, a notable technological novelty. 1804 Medeiros, Sérgio Luiz Rodrigues. Caligrafias ameríndias. Curitiba, Brazil: Editora Medusa, 2019. 80 p. This item is available in three formats: print on demand, downloadable pdf and read on line at the author’s blog: https:// medeirossergio.blogspot.com/ (Dec. 24, 2019). The only texts per se are brief explanations of the pages of assemic calligraphy. The graphic figures are attributed to a crazy gardener and are meant to suggest and evoke the leaves of a potential garden, palm fronds yet to be born, thus a certain prophetic tone. Readers are invited to explore caves, in darkness and light alike. 1805 Medeiros, Sérgio Luiz Rodrigues. Dicionário de hieróglifos. Florianópolis, Brazil: Rafael Copetti Editor, 2020. 72 p. Catalog of an exhibition with walls containing variations on the syllable “apa,” taken from the name of the Apa River. The key iterations are “APArecer” and “desAPArecer” in a circular conception of the history of signs, hieroglyphics and letters.

466 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76

1806 Medeiros, Sérgio Luiz Rodrigues. Friso de caligrafia e outros poemas. São Paulo: Iluminuras, 2020. 146 p.: Tradução de Odile Cisneros. Vivacious volume balancing text (discursive and lyrical) and visual/material poetry concerning the world and the underworld using as a point of departure a free rereading of some themes of “Popol Vuh,” which the poet translated to Brazilian Portuguese in collaboration with Gordon Brotherston. Another section is in dialogue with the Wittgenstein of the Blue and Brown books; the very concept of wordplay is explored visually. A homage to Mallarmé (shipwreck as underworld) closes the volume. 1807 Medeiros, Sérgio Luiz Rodrigues. A idolatria poética ou a febre de imagens. São Paulo: Iluminuras, 2017. 63 p. (Poesia Iluminuras) Experimental chapbook (perfectbound) based on the “descrito,” prose-poem of variable length that describes the environment and inhabitants and the interrelations of animal and vegetable domains. One of several short works the poetprofessor has launched since 2015. 1808 Medeiros, Sérgio Luiz Rodrigues. N descritos com rimas. São Paulo: Iluminuras, 2020. 51 p. Four-part homage to Haroldo de Campos, concrete poet, theorist, and author of the massive prose-poetry Galáxias. This brief book contains prose poems, fractured verse, and graphic interpretations; epiphanies abound. Medeiros seeks a fresh concept of flux and image in the present century. 1809 Melo, Alberto da Cunha. Poesia completa. Organização de Cláudia Cordeiro Tavares da Cunha Melo. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Record, 2017. 999 p.: bibl., ill. (some color). Journalist, sociologist and above all prolific poet, this author (1942–2007) of Pernambuco state published verse for five decades. His last book in his lifetime received the book of the year prize from the Brazilian Academy of Letters, but during his career he was somewhat reserved and not well recognized at a national level. Poet Bruno Tolentino and critic Alfredo Bosi did

highlight him in the early 21st century. Books of complete poems by local authors in the provinces tend to be sponsored by state agencies, but in this case the volume editor, the poet’s widow and long-time collaborator, managed to get a top-tier publisher in Rio de Janeiro, somewhat a feat in itself. The hefty volume (999 p.) is divided into front matter, quite helpful to navigate the contents; back matter, contributor bios; and four sections of poems: 1) books published, 15 including chapbooks; 2) differently sized sets of poems ready for publication prepared by the author himself; 3) collections consolidated and edited by the organizer; and 4) a “last look” for items scattered in drawers, folders of “unused” titles, lesser periodicals, etc. The fi rst ensemble is roughly equal in size to the last three combined. Given the abundance of material the consistency of quality is notable. The author called his fundamental orientation “neoclassical,” largely true if adjusted to contemporary times, and his approach one of an “atavistic constructivist,” truer for the former (adjective) than for the latter (noun). His preference for fi xed forms and metrification did not prevent him from penning some free verse and a very few vanguardist experiments, but his idea of innovation involved devising different forms of measured blank verse and strophic numbering of lines. The unpublished items included two sequences to be accompanied by photographs of local (Recife area) architecture and flora, an objective nicely achieved here. Not unexpectedly, the poet’s thematic range is wide: social, historical (in mini-epics), meditative, philosophical, pop culture (especially fi lm), amatory, and world literature, notably his fellow countryman, João Cabral de Melo Neto. The critical reception of this author has been sparse. Reader-scholars now have a volume with which to parse a productive lifetime.

1810 Melo, José Inácio Vieira de. Entre a estrada e a estrela. Rio de Janeiro: Mórula Editorial, 2017. 80 p.: ill. Short book, the author’s eighth, that appears to be two chapbook-size sequences combined, one brief, one more substantial. The lines are rarely short, and the themes are conventional, cosmic wonder of lyrical selves inhabiting the world and the universe. The awareness of literary heritage is

Literature: Brazil: Poetry / 467 notable. The black-on-white and white-onblack layout provides an inviting physical space of reading.

1811 Merizzio, Priscila. Ardiduras. Rio de Janeiro: 7Letras, 2016. 86 p. Very intense collection oriented by sensations of burning. The epigraphs of the fi rst and fi fth sub-divisions refer to madness and suicide. Other images, mental and/ or visual, can be bold, violent, bitter, or painful—never a dull moment. A delicate sensibility balances the whole. An original new voice with a promising future. 1812 Montenegro, Marcelo. Forte apache. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras; São Paulo: Editora Schwarz, 2018. 115 p. This publication has three parts: reprints of two previous short collections of informal, personal lyric, and a new set of poems, much more attuned to popular culture (music and fi lm above all). The paratexts by Chacal and Angélica Freitas, both successful poets with unassuming diction, attest to the appeal of their fellow relaxed poet of the contemporary quotidian, whose main profession is theatrical illumination. The new poems, and some of the old, are a gold mine for the study of allusion in lyric (to authors, musicians, cinematic figures, commercial products, etc.). 1813 As mulheres poetas na literatura brasileira. Edição de Rubens Jardim. Prefácio de Maria Valeria Rezende, Wanda Monteiro e Mirian de Carvalho. São Paulo: s.n., 2018. 3 v. This project emerged in 2011 following a grievance of the organizer on his blog criticizing the boycott of female authors, entrenched machismo and persistent patriarchy in education. The site soon became the place to post poetry by women. Each was also promoted on social media, such as Facebook. The scope of the collection is nationwide. Four hundred poets participate in the anthology of some 1500 texts. The male editor-in-chief did get three female colleagues to write prefaces, one for each volume. The fi rst volume goes back to some pioneers of the 19th and early 20th century; it includes some prominent names of deceased writers. The second volume presents active, contemporary poets, some of whom began to write as far back as the 1960s. The

third volume includes many less recognizable names, newcomers, and discoveries thanks to virtual media. This is clearly the largest undertaking of this nature, and print publication would be welcome.

1814 Nava, Pedro. Descendo a rua da Bahia: a correspondência entre Pedro Nava e Carlos Drummond de Andrade. Organização de Eliane Vasconcellos e Matildes Demetrio dos Santos. Rio de Janeiro: Bazar doTempo, 2017. 237 p.: bibl., ill. (some color). Richly illustrated (photos, facsimiles, maps, graphic reprints) volume containing all known correspondence- letters, memos, postcards, poems, speeches- exchanged between two prominent personalities of Minas Gerais state: Brazil’s greatest modernist poet and the most celebrated memorialista (author of memoirs, contemporary cultural history, and chronicles). The contents cover six decades beginning with emergence of modernismo in the early 1920s. There are valuable annotations and a critical afterword. Very appreciable work for intellectual history and, in the realm of poetry, for studies of the twentieth century’s most expressive voice. 1815 Neves, Simone de Andrade. Corpos em marcha. Belo Horizonte, Brazil: Scriptum, 2015. 61 p. Excellent little book (the author’s second) of brief lyrical instances, with the exception of the fi nal flourish, a multipage contemplation of porcine subjects, literal and symbolic. Other poems contain thought-provoking images of barn-yard animals, military figures, flora, wind, weaving and other phenomena. The poem “Patriarcado” is thematically driven, but those looking for the contribution to contemporary women’s poetry will fi nd it in the careful construction of the texts. Another example of the active poetry scene in the capital of Minas Gerais state. 1816 Nogueira, Juarez. O coração na boca. Belo Horizonte, Brazil: Miguilim, 2017. 89 p. This author of Minas Gerais state has published his fi rst book of verse at an advanced age. It is, if not abundant, intriguing, curious, intense, and varied. The physical book gains value for the graphic design, which includes brown ink, geometric

468 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 designs across pages, mega-font representations of mini-texts, and other effects. There many allusions, both religious and literary, from the opening epigraph to the wry closing.

1817 Oliveira, Fernanda. Comigo: poemas reunidos. Rio de Janeiro: Imprimatur, 2016. 206 p. Since 2009 the author has been publishing a book each year of her aphorisms, quasi-haiku, and other brief lyric instances, often driven by sentiment rather than cognitive energy. These “reunited” poems are selected from each of her previous titles, which are listed as back matter, but the editors decided not to indicate years or sources of the reprints. Thus, there is no chronology to the selections, nor is there a “thematic” clustering. This intuitive choice and reconfiguration of the items may achieve the goal of creating “a new work,” but it is not for documentation-oriented readers or researchers. 1818 Patriota, Margarida de Aguiar. Laminário. Rio de Janeiro: 7Letras, 2017. 110 p. After 24 books of fiction and essay, the author releases a fi rst book of poetry. It is no surprise that some of her previous topics—symbolist poet, French poetry, fi ne arts, literary pedagogy—should show traces in her contained lyric. She prefers couplets and tercets, though there are numerous other configurations. Themes are varied, and there is good balance between book culture and day-to-day phenomena. This title falls within the domains of women’s poetry and poetry of Brasilia. 1819 Paula Valéria, Andrade. A pandemia da invisibilidade do ser. São Paulo: Editora Algaroba, 2019. 276 p. The multi-genre artist, winner of numerous awards, publishes a new book every year (see item 1755). Her work in drama and visual arts affect the optical and sonorous aspects of her poetry. The present book encompasses items up to 15 years old and immediately prepandemic material (there is a sure historical irony in the title). The author of the preface is a bit exasperated trying to make sense of such a mammoth undertaking, and indeed the book is complex and daunting. An epigraph by Huxley on the

abiding fate of humanity is a full page, and the author’s own preface could be a standalone segment. She proposes to mix ontologies of machines and humans in cyborgs (real and symbolic), and one is tempted to try to co-relate the speculative prose with the poems that follow. These are divided into four chapters (thus the “epic” quality of the collection) that span every angle of existence from the tactile to the ethereal: 1) physical subject-human ritual; 2) social subject-plural; 3) intimate subject- lyrical infi nite; 4) metaphysical subject-myth. Subjectivity is thus the central concern, in any manifestation. The rationale of each section rubric is evident in some poems, but they end up overlapping substantially, as the vast multifaceted consciousness of the lyric selves attempt to come to terms with a constant sense of uncertainty, mutation, and communication overload. The poet refers to a use of flash technique, but there is abundant and copious free verse as well, at times torrential. Wordplay is a constant in conjunction with graphic variations, font and typography twists, and mise-en-page. This is another example of highlighted book production with artistic illustrations, chromatic (black-and-white) effects, and sequencing.

1820 Pedro de Santo Eliseu, Frei. A epopéia amazônica de frei Pedro de Santo Eliseu: Viagem (1746). Estudio crítico de Milton Torres. São Paulo: EDUSP; Belém, Brazil: Ed. ufpa, 2015. 458 p.: bibl., facsimiles. The discovery of a previously unknown (or forgotten) epic poem is a significant event for specialists in the colonial period and works of narrative verse. The present volume is composed of a transcript and a facsimile reproduction of a 1746 apograph manuscript of an epic poem penned by a friar about a 1714 voyage up the Amazon. The scholar who found it in an archive in the National Library in Lisbon also contributes a substantial critical segment, situating the work in history and examining its scope, including elements of fantasy and reality alike. This fi nd represents the second Luso-Brazilian epopee, following Bento Teixeira’s Prosopopeia, 1601 and comprises a bridge to the epic works of Minas Gerais later in the 18th century. All naturally were composed under the influence of Camões’

Literature: Brazil: Poetry / 469 masterpiece Os Lusíadas. The main interest in these newly published “royal octaves” are the descriptions of the Amazon and considerations of human formations, Spanish, Portuguese, Indigenous, colonialists, ex-prisoners, military, clergy, missionaries, secular subjects. The physical book is very nicely produced, a credit to the presses.

1821 Pereira, Edimilson de Almeida. Poesia+: (antologia 1985–2019). São Paulo: 34 Letras, 2019. 384 p. This self-organized anthology has eight thematic blocks, and includes 34 previously unpublished items. The poet engages in dialogue with the principal lines of modernismo brasileiro as well as with historically silenced voices (read: Afro- descendant, rural). He has consistently displayed original ways to see and think the world, and the dialectic of inherited history and the power of invention. With this volume the author achieves publication at a major house in metropolitan São Paulo. 1822 Quintana, Mário. O segundo olhar: antologia. Organização de João Anzanello Carrascoza. Rio de Janeiro: Alfaguara, 2018. 140 p. The title of this anthology of the beloved poet of Rio Grande do Sul (d. 1994) is taken from one of his poems about the perception of phenomena, the need to take a second look. The contents range over 50 years, 1940–90, but are not arranged chronologically, nor on thematic axes. To distinguish itself from three previous retrospective collections of the poet’s deceptively simple yet enthusiastic verse, the present editor chose to lay out the poems in an intuitive fashion, drawing connections between poems, one after the other, without indicating years or sources until a fi nal appendix. In this way, one gets to know the poet’s life-long concerns and lyrical logic in a progressive reading, though it is not friendly to bibliographical documentation. 1823 Quiroga, Marcus Vinicius. Elogio do carvão. Recife, Brazil: CePe Editora, 2016. 103 p. This title won a 2015 editorial prize in Pernambuco, though the author is Carioca. He has had 18 works of poetry published previously. Here, each of the nominally titled 14 sections has a series of

numbered poems (as few as two, as many as nine), making the poet’s concern with external structure clear. Influences are not hard to detect: there is a complete poem by Manuel Bandeira as overall epigraph-inspiration and the focus on something petrous and versification is Cabralian. The author assumes a manner of Northeastern persona, at once metapoetic and steeped in material reality. An excellent release.

1824 Quiroga, Marcus Vinicius. Jardim das delícias. Goiânia, Brazil: Kelps, 2013. 80 p. The author is a prize magnet; each of his 16 previous books of poetry has won a prize (or honorable mention) somewhere in Brazil, and the present title garnered a Jabuti, a national book award. He has a true lyrical vocation and active imagination. Here, all the 72 one-page poems have as title an abstract noun, with three exceptions: “Manuscrito,” which is concrete (and literary); “Introdução à antítese” which is philosophical; and “Fortuna Crítica,” related to reception. The writing is sophisticated without ever becoming stuffy and is pleasurable to read. 1825 Ramos, Cristiano. Muito antes da meia-noite. Rio de Janeiro: Confraria do Vento, 2015. 87 p. To judge by this slim volume, the author is an occasional poet, as the contents span a generation, 1990–2015. He is also a bit secretive, as there is no front or back matter, and the author blurb is laconic. He appears to be from Recife, adding to that regional nucleus. The verse is rhymed (with preference for vocalic/assonant options) and blank, often in quatrains, sometimes even in sonnets. Not daring, but enough awareness of the primacy of language and images of impact to satisfy informed new readers. 1826 Safra, Alessandra et al. Poesia gay brasileira: antologia. Organização de Amanda Machado e Marina Moura. Contribuções de Alessandra Safra et al. Belo Horizonte, Brazil: Editora Machado; São Paulo: Amarelo-Grão Editorial, 2017. 287 p.: bibl. The volume editors selected 44 poets from the 19th, 20th, and 21st centuries to represent this identitarian grouping (LBGTQ). The 144 poems are either by gay writers or about homosexual life. Several

470 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 of the authors are well known- including the ultra-canonical (though not gay) Carlos Drummond de Andrade who penned one pertinent poem and admired gay fiction writer Caio Fernando Abreu, who also left some poems—while quite a few are newcomers located via internet. Each poet is introduced briefly, and the rationale for inclusion is stated. Here, as with all anthologies, the question of selection can be subject to discussion on different accounts, whether participants or poems, repetitions or omissions. The organizers do not shy away from including sexually explicit, even ,examples. Their introduction is informative, but short of incisive. One point they make is that the anthology appears at an unfortunate time of increased bias, discrimination, and homophobic violence. The importance of the release is underlined in a foreword by activist Jean Wylls. A few relevant analytical pieces by Horácio Costa are cited in the bibliography, but one would welcome additional sources and recommended critical reading. This collection is part of an encompassing research project that concerns all literary genres, and the organizers maintain an eponymous YouTube channel with interviews and statements by participants. Thus, this publication is intended as a starting point, not an arrival at a destination.

1827 Salomão, Jorge. Alguns poemas e + alguns. Prefácio de Italo Moriconi. Rio de Janeiro: Rubra Editora, 2016. 143 p. Seventh book of lyric by this author originally from the state of Bahia, also known as the brother of Waly Salomão (1944– 2003). Paratexts include generous commentary from noted poet-critics Antonio Cícero and Italo Moriconi, both of whom highlight the poet’s self-characterization as a malabrista or juggler or even tight-rope walker, per the poet’s own use of the term tied to a wire. The latter critic also thinks upbeat is apt, as beat, which is thought of as effusive, is not quite right. The diction is very terse; lines most often range from one to three words even if encompassing poem stretches over more than a page. The dominant scenario is an urban day-to-day experience. 1828 Salomão, Omar. Pequenos reparos. Rio de Janeiro: José Olympio, 2017. 127 p.: ill.

One could separate all the text out of this book and have a modest collection of ultra-modern verse, mostly fractured and splintered. But this is actually an artist’s book with multiple contents: photographs, graffiti, altered print shards, pen and ink drawings, and designs, etc. Thus it is a work of intersemiotic creation, to use a term invoked in the 1970s, or visual poetry aligned with word sets. Very provocative presentation.

1829 Sant’Anna, Affonso Romano de. Trajetória poética e ensaios. São Paulo: Editora UNESP, 2014. 164 p. This academic pocket book is composed of transcripts of two very long conference lectures in 2012 at universities. The fi rst covers the fi rst 50 years of the author (b. 1937) as an individual poet and as a participant in a series of trends in the 1960s-2000s: vanguards, political poetry, marginal, song (via criticism), postvanguards, and institutional promotion. Useful as a way to relive key events, publications, and topics under discussion, especially in the 60s. The second exposition, in turn, looks back at what was happening in theory and criticism c. 1960 to c. 2000: the great names of national renown, the local versions of structuralism and poststructuralism, and the author’s own 12 books of analysis, of both fiction and poetry. Again, a readable personal account of several decades of literary history. 1830 Sant’Anna, Alice. Aula de natação. Prefácio por Armando Freitas Filho. Lisboa: Imprensa Nacional, 2018. 133 p. (Coleção Plural. Poesia) The author has previously published several slim books or chapbooks, all in the wake of the marginal generation of the 1970s-80s. The present collection— free-verse lyric with a broad range of concern—comprising a sort of international recognition as it is by the national press of Portugal. 1831 Sehbe, Cláudia. Somos instantes. São Paulo: Olhares, 2016. 107 p.: bibl., ill. First short book by a visual artist who includes photographs and plays with the layout of her almost always fractured minimalist verse, rather self-absorbed and oriented by I-thou relationships.

Literature: Brazil: Poetry / 471

1832 Sérvulo, Rodrigo. O diário de âncoras. Natal, Brazil: Editora Tribo, 2015. 106 p.: ill. Short mini-book with a cover-to-cover graphic design (dark and light pages, handdrawn illustrations passim, varying layout of text, puzzles, etc.) that overshadows the free verse itself. A fi rst division is all about the city (the debut poet, native of Natal, resided in São Paulo) and its physical environs, not always so pleasant. A second section is erotically oriented (lots of invocation of lips, teeth, whole bodies), forming a contrasting set with the urban-life poems. The use of the word diary in the title gives an idea of the diction, more prosaic than figurative. Another example of new Northeastern lyric and the ever-relevant link with the metropolis of the southeast. 1833 Silvestrin, Ricardo. Sobre o que. São Paulo: Patuá, 2019. 232 p. Twelth book of verse by a prolific author who also writes narrative prose and plays in a lively band. The present title Sobre o que (About what / that which) comprises a figurative differential, as it is an incomplete phrase (locution), provocative and inviting. What is missing is an infi nitive or a conjugated verb. It is as if the author— with possible playful intentions, inexorably conceptual—were asking readers to complete the statement, before, during, and after reading the multiplicity of poems in this new collection. The corpus is composed of poems that constitute contemplations of the unfolding of the experience of life, poems as “equipment for living” as K. Burke said of fiction. In varying stages of tone—young, mature, even old or elderly—Silvestrin writes about places, feelings, knowledge, and, above all, time, the chronology of the implacable crossing (the map of roads) that leads, of course, to death. Memory is the main driving force anticipating the future ends up meriting more attention, or intensity. 1834 Taunay, Raul de. Rosas da infância ou da estrela: poemas escolhidos. Rio de Janeiro: 7Letras, 2005. 131 p. The author has made a career in foreign service. He also has novels and published poetry to his credit. This collection from early in the 21st century is comprised

of items he wrote while on assignment in different countries around the world. It is conventional free verse or measured lyric, nothing innovative, but it adds to the strong Brazilian repertory of poetry by diplomats.

1835 Torquato Neto. Torquato Neto essencial. Organização de Italo Moriconi. Belo Horizonte, Brazil: Autêntica, 2017. 235 p.: ill. This is the third compilation of the work of the poet-lyricist-journalist, famous for his role in tropicalismo, who took his own life at the age of 28. The fi rst compilation was published soon after his suicide (and rereleased in a nicer format a decade later); the second (2003) included newly discovered material. This third anthology and homage is designed for a new generation of readers and also contains previously unpublished items and photos. The idea is not to present everything essential Torquato wrote in an order consistent with his antinormative impulses. Song lyrics and poems are grouped together, columns of cultural criticism are reprinted under the rubrics of the newspapers where they appeared, writings about the song festivals of the late 1960s are separated, and fi lm criticism has its own section, as do select diary entries and letters. The organizer has done a wonderful job of presenting and arranging this tribute to a fi xture in the counterculture of the late 1960s and early 1970s. 1836 Wisnik, José Miguel. Maquinação do mundo: Drummond e a mineração. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2018. 304 p.: bibl., ill., index. Anything by this widely respected critic merits special attention; even more so in the present case with the greatest of Brazilian writers being the object of analysis. This title is nothing short of a major critical event, blending sharp textual analyses and real-world eco-history. Wisnik considers mining activity in the writings (mostly poetry) of Drummond, whose home town of Itabira, Minas Gerais became an ecologically dangerous site of iron excavation, painfully relevant in the current conjuncture of serial environmental disasters in Brazil (see HLAS 72:2374; Carlos Nejar, A vida de um rio morto, on the worst fluvial disaster). The fi rst of the three parts con-

472 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 cerns Itabira as poetic entity and its intersection with the mining industry, which in 1942 reduced the region’s trademark mount to a crater. Wisnik convincingly argues that mining is much more than a motif in Drummond’s lyrical repertory, especially in the 1970s. In the second section, one follows the actual history of iron extraction in the region, inextricably tied to Brazil’s alliance with the US in World War II. There were multiple repercussions of this industrial effort in the prose and verse of Brazil’s leading

poet, some of which conforms a discourse of complaint and resistance, not just lament. The closing section of this incisive intervention concerns the word mundo in the work of Drummond, especially his most ambitious long poem “A máquina do mundo” (1951), which previous critics, mostly concerned with metaphysics and intertextuality, had not pondered for its tactile elements of ore and mining, tied to the machine of capitalism. A powerful addition to the critical corpus.

Drama ISADORA GREVAN DE CARVALHO, Assistant Professor of Portuguese, Rutgers University Network

THE PUBLICATIONS ON BRAZILIAN THEATER chosen for this section are multifaceted in scope, but many exhibit an interest in making historical archival research and the registration of visual documentation accessible to both the public and scholars in the field. The publications of contemporary plays not only favor authors from the theater circuit of Rio de Janeiro-São Paulo, especially authors that work directly with theater groups of either popular or critical acclaim in the regions, but also authors from many different parts of Brazil. A number of scholarly research-focused publications contribute to the study of race relations in Brazil, by looking at the presence of Afro-Brazilians on stage. An exploration of the role of Abdias do Nascimento’s Black Experimental Theater in influencing trends in the state of Goiás offers an important contribution to the study of Black-focused theater in Brazil (item 1876). Another work explores hiphop theater and highlights issues related to the marginalization of Afro-Brazilians in Brazilian society as part of an investigation of the sociopolitical impact of these practices in different milieus (item 1859). Further demonstration of the vitality of this trend is a study of Bando de Teatro Olodum and other theater groups that compares the stage presence of Afro-Brazilians with Afro-Cubans (item 1852). Studies of marginalized groups and the intersections with the violence of rigid social spaces is complemented by a few books on gender issues. A study of the role of women in the Castro Alves’ theater (item 1871), broadens our understanding of Alves beyond his abolitionist political stance. A study of the play Bonequas quebradas (item 1853) performed by a documentary theater company of the same name offers a vivid exploration of feminicide and its unrelenting frequency in Mexico and Brazil. A third study on the Bando de Teatro Olodum explores the company’s theatrical depictions of the double discrimination that Black women face in their daily lives (1880). Books and articles on the political dimensions of theatrical criticism, writing, and performance demonstrate an interest in the impact of the dictatorship on Brazil’s theater scene, which was both limiting and (surprisingly) invigorat-

Literature: Brazil: Drama / 473

ing. A study of Oduvaldo Vianna Filho’s plays contributes to our understanding of one the most important playwrights to write in opposition to the dictatorship (item 1881), whereas Mostaço’s scholarly work on the theater groups Arena, Oficina, and Opinião, provides a more complex view of the limitations of their leftleaning idealism (item 1870). The articles that compose the special issue of the journal Varia Historia, provide more focused views on the connections among theater, ideology, and revolutionary discourses during the repressive regime. The essays (items 1858, 1863, 1864, and 1865) contribute to a nascent, and until now lacking, trend of study within academic research that moves beyond the theater of the oppressed in its evaluations of Arena, Opinião and the Centro Popular de Cultura beyond the theater of the oppressed. Scholarly analysis of Paschoal Carlos Magno (item 1862) and Teatro Duse (item 1869), presenting detailed archival research on the performances of student and amateur theater groups, of the work of the most renowned theater personalities, are welcome additions to the set of books on the political dimensions of Brazilian theater during repressive political regimes. Both books provide important contributions to the study of amateur theater. Furthermore, the publication of Macksen Luiz’s theater criticism from a period of 28 years (item 1866) is an immense contribution to the study of Brazilian theater, particularly, the Rio de Janeiro-São Paulo theater scene. Five books shine for their rich visual documentation, including one focused on set design by the famed designer Santa Rosa (item 1861), photographic records of Grupo Tapa’s new home in the historic Teatro de Arena (item 1877), a 25-year history in images of São Paulo’s immersive urban theater group Teatro da Vertigem (item 1879) and two visually beautiful biographies of the famous TV and theater actors Antonio Fagundes (item 1872) and Yara Amaral (item 1875).Both editions include pictures of the actors on stage and beyond. Though visually appealing and valuable for its archival documentation, the book on Grupo Tapa’s staging at Arena would benefit from a more detailed historical overview to situate readers less familiar with Tapa’s trajectory. Anthologies and studies of various authors reflect a renewed interest in preserving the legacy of canonical as well as lesser known, but important playwrights of previous generations. One of the most important volumes noted here is the complete plays of Plínio Marcos, well rendered and organized, comprised of six volumes (item 1846). Alcir Pécora’s criteria and titles for each of the volumes will have a lasting impact on future analyses of Marcos’ oeuvre. Also selected for inclusion in this section are studies on the theater of Chico Buarque (item 1873), Ariano Suassuna (item 1856) Jorge Andrade (item 1849), Oduvaldo Vianna (item 1881), and Simões Lopes Neto (item 1844), all important playwrights of their generations. Publications on historical and canonical theater groups and playwrights are complemented by the publication of works by new contemporary playwrights such as as João Bosco Maia (item 1845), J. M. Victor (item 1851), Antonio Prado (item 1848), Jhonny Salaberg (item 1850), Diogo Liberano (item 1843), Grace Passô (item 1847), Patrick Pessoa and Marcio Abreu (item 1837), Pedro Brício (item 1838), and Sergio Fonta (item 1840). Though the majority of them write for groups in the Rio-São Paulo circuit, many explore topics that go beyond the region, with plays taking place in the Northeast or exploring the themes of migration and the economic hardships faced by citizens living in other parts of Brazil. Although the plays are important contributions, without an arc of scholarly publications

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focusing on these playwrights, it is hard to imagine that they will gain the visibility needed. Three books contribute to the study of colonial Brazil, in particular the study of theater performance in the Amazonian city of Manaus. The works add to the scholarly preoccupation with looking at theater beyond the Southeastern region of Brazil, and expanding archival and historical research to other less-studied areas, such as in the state of Amazonas (items 1860 and 1882). Opera in the Tropics adds even more richness to this research by looking at musical theater and opera during the colonial period (item 2123). Current publications on Brazilian theater demonstrates a continued preoccupation with publications of new contemporary playwrights, as well as a renewed interest in the study of race and gender as they are explored in the theatrical world. The books present us with important contributions to the study of Brazilian theater, specifically an interest in the impact of marginalized groups, with a special emphasis on the study of the presence and influence of Black activism. The publication of original plays by contemporary playwrights continues, highlighting new theatrical groups that work in tandem with playwrights to bring original material to the stage. These texts should be complemented by critical and through analyses in order to make the texts more accessible to different theatrical groups and readers. A renewed interest in preserving the history of Brazilian theater and new publications of lesser-known playwrights offer important veins of study are beginning to yield valuable publications.

ORIGINAL PLAYS

1837 Abreu, Marcio and Patrick Pessoa. Nômades. Colaboração de Andrea Beltrão et al. Rio de Janeiro: Cobogó, 2015. 107 p.: ill. (Coleção Dramaturgia) This collaborative work by director Marcio Abreu and Patrick Pessoa, with contributions from the cast and Newton Moreno concerns three close friends surprised by the sudden death of a fourth. The scenes explore their mourning: one is so shaken that she refuses to go to the funeral, another worries about what they will talk about when they meet, the third makes a beautiful speech to the mourners, and they all indulge in drinking to celebrate their friendship. Configured as a literary stream of consciousness narrative, rather than a conventional plot, the play is an ephemeral experience of traveling through mourning with the three characters—the symbolic nomads of the title. 1838 Brício, Pedro. As palavras e as coisas. Rio de Janeiro: Cobogó, 2016. 66 p. (Coleção Dramaturgia) This three-act play deals with the passage of time, the confl icts between mem-

ory and invention, and between the body and the world. It offers a quasi-surrealist space where two women meet in a hospital waiting room. They reconstruct their memories of the past while waiting for news of a man who is admitted to the ICU after an accident. The two are characters in the book written by Matei, the hospitalized man who is their common point of contact, in addition to the illness they share: they vomit objects in moments of emotional intensity, offering scenes that mix reality, fantasy, and metafictional characteristics. By remembering and reliving this love triangle, the characters engage in a web of life, death, and literature. The author provides the reader with a series of rich sentences and dialogues that could be beautifully performed on stage as well as being a pleasure to read.

1839 Cortez, Leonardo. Comédias urbanas. Apresentação de Luiz Fernando Ramos. Prefácio de Marcelo Lazzaratto. São Paulo: SESI-SP Editora, 2014. 327 p.: ill. (Teatro popular) Comédias urbanas (Urban Comedies), by Leonardo Cortez, brings together four texts by the playwright from São Paulo:

Literature: Brazil: Drama: Original Plays / 475 Maldito benefício (Cursed Benefit), Rua do medo (Fear Street), O rei dos urubus (King of the Vultures) and Escombros (Debris), staged between 2005 and 2013. Leaving aside the formal experiments with language and the processes of scene constitution, which are inventive and varied, the author revives the tradition of the comedy of manners and asserts himself as a ferocious critic of the moral degradation that, within the Brazilian middle class, insidiously corrodes social relations.

1840 Fonta, Sergio. Rua feliz lembrança: peça em dois atos. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Batel, 2017. 101 p. This two-act play by Sergio Fonta won a series of literary awards for poetry and theater. This is the story of Laurici, a supermarket cashier, Duarte’s fiancée for many years, who wins a speedboat on a TV show. In love with the presenter, she decides not to sell the boat, even though she lives in a small apartment in the suburbs. From this, the playwright Sergio Fonta creates a story that mixes humor, drama, and pleasure with the small everyday villains of typically Brazilian characters. The play shines in the second act, where the confl icts appear with more depth and tension, a strange atmosphere arises and our curiosity soars, until the surprising and startling conclusion. 1841 Janela de dramaturgia. Organização de Sara Pinheiro e Vinícius Souza. São Paulo: Perspectiva, 2016. 1 v. This publication is part of a series of events and incentives conceptualized by playwrights Sara Pinheiro and Vinicius de Souza in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais to publish contemporary plays by new authors. Since 2012, they have helped stimulate, organize, and offer critical discussions on plays by contemporary authors. This particular book contains texts from the three former editions of the project in 2012, 2013, 2014 by authors from Minas Gerais, specifically. This book adds a variety and richness to the Brazilian theater scene that is of immense value to the public and to future students, directors, and theater lovers. 1842 Kosovski, Pedro. Guanabara canibal. Rio de Janeiro: Cobogó, 2017. 69 p.: bibl. (Coleção Dramaturgia)

The play takes place in a time immemorial. In a village, a group celebrates Rio de Janeiro’s birthday. Around a record player, a group of people listen to the audio documentary of how Rio was born, by reporter Amaral Netto, who theatricalizes the official version of the story with the “national heroes” Estácio de Sá, Mem de Sá, Fr. Nóbrega, Fr. José from Anchieta and many others. The monuments to the colonizers express the violence and genocide of thousands of Tupinambás, who lived around Guanabara Bay, a millenary culture and a language that still resists destruction. However, a widow interrupts the official narrative and decides to tell a child her apocryphal version of how the city of Rio de Janeiro was born. The play could be viewed as typical Kosovsky, imbued with absurdist as well critical elements.

1843 Liberano, Diogo. Janis. Rio de Janeiro: Cobogó, 2017. 55 p.: bibl. (Coleção Dramaturgia) Written by Diego Liberano, author, director and professor of dramartugy, Janis is a monologue about the North American singer Janis Joplin. It follows her real-life trajectory in nonchronological order, structured not only from the perspective of her life, but also of her death and what led her to it at the tender age of 27. By interposing some of her most emblematic songs with existential and philosophical questions regarding life and death as well as fame, artistic expression, and love, Liberano brings to life a soulful dreamy landscape of an artist viewed from her own perspective, from the inside out, as opposed to a documentary told from the outside looking in. 1844 Lopes Neto, João Simões. Teatro. v. 1, Século XIX. Edição crítica por João Luis Pereira Ourique e Luís Rubira. Porto Alegre, Brazil: Editora Zouk: Instituto Estadual do Livro, 2017. 1 v.: bibl., ill. This book brings together plays by Simões Lopes Neto written in the 19th century, providing the most comprehensive publication of the dramaturgy of the author from Pelotas, RS. One of the objectives of the work is to question assumptions about the author’s dramaturgy, which was considered until now to be the less relevant part of his writings. Criticisms of society at the

476 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 time, social behavior, and the bureaucracy of public administration are present in Lopes Neto’s theater, often through the use of comedy and irony.

1845 Maia, João Bosco. Após as três badaladas. Belém, Brazil: Fundação Cultural do Estado do Pará, 2015. 75 p. (Dramaturgia) This publication is part of an initiative of the government of the state of Pará to sponsor nine works with a literary prize, one of which is João Bosco Maia’s Após as Três Badaladas (After Three Strikes). A play in four acts, with musical and poetic passages, it explores historical figures who died, recounting their lives in an ironic way. 1846 Marcos, Plínio. Plínio Marcos: obras teatrais. Organização e aparato crítico por Alcir Pécora. Estabelecimento de textos por Walderez de Barros. Rio de Janeiro: FUNARTE, Fundação Nacional de Artes, 2016–2017. 6 v.: bibl., ill. (some color). (Coleção Obras teatrais Plínio Marcos) This edition of theatrical works by Plínio Marcos is comprised of six volumes with 29 plays, which have been carefully organized by the critic and professor of literary theory Alcir Pécora. The organizer has not only established the content of each volume within very well devised criteria, but also has developed critical and theoretical prefatory studies of the published pieces. Plinio Marcos is one of the most respected playwrights of his generation and this edition shines in its thorough and careful organization. The plays in the volumes are organized thematically: volume 1 deals with people on the run or in prison, volume 2 contains plays that examine the proletariat, volume 3 deals with prostitution, volume 4 treats notions of religiosity, volume 5 deals with confl icts related to the middle-class or the bourgeoisie, and volume 6 is comprised of musicals or plays that involve dancing. 1847 Passô, Grace. Mata teu pai. Rio de Janeiro: Cobogó, 2017. 55 p.: ill. (Coleção Dramaturgia) In this play, told from perspective of Medea’s myth, we are invited to visit different territories in a reflection on our times and its borders, creating a new ending to the myth with a contemporary flare. “I need you to listen to me!” is what Medea says in her fi rst speech in the play, among expatri-

ates and immigrants, in a feverish state. It emphasizes that centuries have passed, but the map and territory are still masculine, transforming Medea into a voice of resistance, fighting the status quo. Both the opening scene and the fi nal scene have such a great impact that they should be widely read and added to the repertory of many theater companies.

1848 Prado, Antonio Arnoni. Diário de classe: pequena farsa em oito quadros. São Paulo: Jabuticaba, 2017. 55 p. The play is a satirical commentary and reconfiguration of the novel Ateneu (1988), by Raul Pompeia, which is a recounting of 1964, the year of the military coup in Brazil, as told by an older protagonist at a later time in history. Using distancing Brechtian techniques to deconstruct the play as a play, as well as parodies, songs and masks, the text play becomes a commentary on the repetitions of the horrors of history. Inventive with flairs of dark comedy, the play is a worthy contemporary addition to the revolutionary theater of the 1960s. 1849 Rahal, Carlos Antônio. Jorge Andrade: um dramaturgo no espaçotempo. São Paulo: Perspectiva, 2015. 206 p.: bibl. (Coleção Estudos; 336. Teatro) This book provides a contribution for the study of Jorge Andrade’s plays by employing a concept of relativistic physics that proves unusually fruitful as a means of delving into his theater through the concepts of time and space. It shines by bringing to light dramaturgical and scenic analyses, providing a face-to-face and phenomenal qualification that mere conceptual reductions, however rich they may be and however much they reflect the context of the work, cannot achieve. The 10 plays that constitute Jorge Andrade’s cycle of plays Marta, a árvore e o relógio (“Marta, the Tree and the Clock”) are meticulously analyzed, providing a very rich contribution to the study of Andrade’s oeuvre. 1850 Salaberg, Jhonny. Buraquinhos, ou, O vento é inimigo do Picumã. Rio de Janeiro: Cobogó, 2018. 55 p. (Coleção Dramaturgia) This is a play written by Jhonny Salaberg, actor, playwright, dancer, art educator, and founding member of the collective

Literature: Brazil: Drama: Theater Criticism and History / 477 Carcaça de Poéticas Negras. It tells the story of a Black boy, born and raised in Guaianases, east of São Paulo, who goes to a bakery at the request of his mother, on the fi rst day of the year, and is violently approached by a police officer. From there, a saga for survival begins, and the protagonist goes on a marathon around the world, passing through countries in Latin America and Africa. Along the way, the boy is hit by 111 bullets fi red by the policeman who is chasing him. Narrated in fi rst person, Jhonny Salaberg denounces the genocide of the Black population with strong doses of fantastic realism.

1851 Victor, J.M. Teatro & poesia. v. 1, A cruz da menina (4a edição); Confeitaria Glória (2a edição); As sete palavras de Cristo na cruz (2a edição). Edição comemorativa. João Pessoa, Brazil: A União Editora, 2018. 1 v. This publication includes two plays and a book of poetry by J.M. Victor. It has been released as a commemorative edition marking four decades since the publication of the fi rst editions of the plays A cruz da menina (The Girl’s Cross) and Confeitaria Gloria (Bakery Gloria), both winners of prestigious theater awards. The fi rst play revolves around a girl’s mysterious death with explorations of mysticism and regionalist undertones, while the second takes place around the Paraíba revolution of 1930, mixing historical events with a fictional extrapolation of the theme. THEATER CRITICISM AND HISTORY

1852 Alexandre, Marcos Antônio. O teatro negro em perspectiva: dramaturgia e cena negra no Brasil e em Cuba. Rio de Janeiro: Malê, 2017. 426 p.: bibl., ill. (some color). This book offers an analysis of several facets related to Black and Afro-descendant culture, specifically as explored on stage in Belo Horizonte, Salvador, and in Cuba. When groups such as Bando de Teatro Olodum, Cia Espaço Preto, Grupo dos Dez, among others, discuss these themes, they enable the reader/spectator to rethink the spaces of representation within which Blacks are often imprisoned or, at least, signal that the theater does not fail to fulfi ll its pedagogical and/or political function.

Divided into four parts, the works includes a translation to Portuguese of a Cuban play, as well as interviews with actors, writers, directors, and critics who have witnessed the development of these theater groups.

1853 Bonecas quebradas: ensaios de um processo criativo em teatro documental. Organização de Lígia Tourinho e Luciana Mitkiewicz. Rio de Janeiro: Azougue Editorial, 2016. 199 p.: bibl., fi lmography, ill. This book offers a compilation of articles, reflecting upon the creative process of the documentary theater company Bonecas Quebradas (Broken Dolls). A rising genre on the world’s stage, documentary theater is inspired by real events, such as these: in Mexico, every three hours, a woman is asphyxiated, raped, or mutilated; in Brazil, the rates of feminicide are even higher. The play invites the public to reflect on these crimes through a multimedia style of narrative. Going further, the book offers different perspectives on the process of creating and watching the play, as well as the contributions made by artists, thinkers, and critics from various Brazilian cities. 1854 Brazilian theater, 1970–2010: essays on history, politics and artistic experimentation. Edited by Eva Paulino Bueno and Robson Corrêa de Camargo. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Company, Inc., 2015. 265 p.: bibl., index. This edited volume contains 14 segments: an introduction, seven contributions “establishing historical markers,” and six that address various current “practices and experiments.” With the exception of coeditor Bueno, all the parts are written by academics and/or professionals with ties to the Universidade de São Paulo, though they refer to manifestations from Rio Grande do Sul to Paraiba. The historical overview can scarcely cover in depth centuries of stagecraft, while the entries that follow address diverse topics, including workers’ theater, animation, works for children, street theater and the circus. These are stand-alone writings without express inter-connections. In the second ensemble, authors address myriad groups, accents, melodrama, collective memory, and applications of European masters (Shakespeare, Beckett). This is not a translation of a published volume but surely

478 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 translated, although there is no attribution. For the most part, these studies are better suited to a native audience. One sign of this is the lack of engagement, or even awareness, of US American scholarship in this speciality. There is a single reference to Latin American Theatre Review and not a word about leading scholars in the domain. Still, one can access information about a broad range of activity. [C. Perrone] Budasz, Rogério. Opera in the tropics: music and theater in early modern Brazil. See item 2123.

1855 Bulcão, Heloisa Lyra. Luiz Carlos Mendes Ripper: poesia e subversão. Rio de Janeiro: FUNARTE, Fundação Nacional de Artes, 2015. 173 p.: bibl., ill. (some color). The artist under scrutiny in this lovely richly illustrated volume wore many hats. He did drawings and costume design, he was a director and educator, and he specialized in scenography. About half of the segments in this book concern cinema and other arts, but the theater stage is the main focus, with an emphasis on innovation. Even for nonspecialists, this book-spectacle is a delight to consume. [C. Perrone] 1856 Caldas Neto, Paulo. Do picadeiro ao céu: o riso no teatro de Ariano Suassuna (ensaio). Natal, Brazil: União Brasileira de Escritores RN: Offset Editora, 2013. 249 p.: bibl. (Coleção Deífi lo Gurgel; 2) This is a critical study on the many facets of laughter and its esthetic performatic expressions on Ariano Suassuna’s comic theater (1927–2014). Through an extensive critical approach based on philosophy, psychoanalysis, literary theory, esthetics of art, anthropology, history and sociology, the author explores the different approaches of the comic and humor, esthetically showing their varied manifestations in his theater. The book offers an innovative analysis of Suassuna’s art in light of Brazil’s popular culture, as well as emphasizing the importance of laughter as a tool for critical sociocultural commentary in the Brazilian society of the period. 1857 Campos, Haroldo de. Graal: legenda de um cálice. Organização de Carlos Antônio Rahal. São Paulo: Perspectiva, 2017. 106 p.: bibl., ill. (Coleção Signos; 58)

Haroldo de Campos (1929–2003), revered as one of Brazil’s foremost poettranslator-critics of the 20th century, also left one brief work of drama. The subtitle—”bufotragédia mefistofáustica ou mefistofarsa bufotrágica em dois atos e cenas”—offers an idea of the experimental nature of this piece composed in 1952, but left unpublished during the author’s lifetime. The text is not typeset, but instead is a facsimile of the original typescript with a few manuscript annotations. The release here with five critical appreciations is part of an on-going (re-)evaluation of Campos’ broad contribution to Brazilian letters. The critics consider biography, his relationship with theater, lyrical and epical connections to the scenic, and even allegory. [C. Perrone]

1858 Cardenuto, Reinaldo. Mais humor, menos política: uma certa tendência no drama contemporâneo brasileiro. (Varia Hist., 32:59, maio/agosto 2016, p. 294–325) Cardenuta analyzes recent theatrical and television adaptations of Teatro de Arena authors from the 1960s. The original plays reflect a highly ideological leftist bent as well as a concern for marginalized groups, and aimed to spark political criticism and revolution. By instead emphasizing a comedy-of-manners humor, the contemporary adaptations have emptied the plays of their political depth. The article addresses two adaptations of the play Eles não usam black-tie (They Don’t Wear Black Tie), directed by Dan Rossetto in 2011, and the new version of the television sitcom A grande família (The Big Family), produced by TV Globo between 2001 and 2014. The article usefully points out that by failing to highlight lingering social issues, the adaptations reflect a conservative viewpoint. 1859 D’Alva, Roberta Estrela. Teatro hiphop: a performance poética do atorMC. São Paulo: Perspectiva, 2014. 151 p.: bibl., ill. (Coleção Estudos; 333. Teatro) When hip-hop and theater came together, the central characteristics of hiphop were enhanced and new possibilities of expression were discovered in the practice of epic theater. Hip-hop theater, and the language that resulted from this combination, is presented in this book, drawing a line from the actor-narrator figure of epic theater

Literature: Brazil: Drama: Theater Criticism and History / 479 to the MC, one of the pillars of hip-hop culture. In a detailed report, the book outlines the processes that resulted in important performances. The analyses range from the origins of this Afro-Brazilian, and marginalized cultural expression to its current form, focusing on the work of the Paulistano collective, Núcleo Bartolomeu de Depoimentos. In addition, the study explores the developments and incursions of the MC actor into the spoken-word world and the recent movement of poetry slams.

1860 Daou, Ana Maria. A cidade, o teatro e o “paiz das seringueiras”: práticas e representações da sociedade amazonense na passagem do século XIX-XX. Rio de Janeiro: Rio Books, 2014. 324 p.: bibl., ill. (some color). With urban transformation as an underlying framework, the author examines how Manaus, an inland village, became the “Paris of the Jungle,” whose greatest symbolic achievement was the construction of the magnificent Teatro Amazonas. Daou explores a profusion of sources and a multiplicity of voices and records within her study of the cultural and artistic milieu of Manaus from the turn of the 19th to the 20th century. 1861 Drago, Niuxa. A cenografia de Santa Rosa: espaço e modernidade. Rio de Janeiro: Rio Books, 2014. 292 p.: bibl., ill. (some color). This work reveals formerly unexplored aspects of the work of famed set designer Santa Rosa, drawing on a rich array of sources, including scene photographs, testimonials, critical reviews, texts by the author, in addition to journalistic reports. The work situates Santa Rosa within the historical period and the effervescence of Rio de Janeiro’s art scene revealing the set designer’s deep theoretical expertise in theater and his equally profound knowledge of international scenography. In addition to the more panoramic view of his career and influences, the works systematically explores the steps of his careers through analysis of the physical structures of specific performances. 1862 Fontana, Fabiana Siqueira. O Teatro do Estudante do Brasil de Paschoal Carlos Magno. Rio de Janeiro: FUNARTE,

Fundação Nacional de Arte, 2016. 510 p.: bibl., ill. (some color), facsimiles. This work seeks to analyze the trajectory of the Teatro do Estudante do Brasil (TEB) (Student Theater of Brazil) by analyzing the means and the reasoning behind its staged productions. Above all, the book offers an important contribution to the research on theater of the period, as well as providing the reader with important archival material from the archives of Paschoal Carlos Magno, one of the most important historical figures of modern Brazilian theater.

1863 Garcia, Miliandre. Da resistência à disobediência: Augusto Boal e a I Feira Paulista de Opinão. (Varia Hist., 32:59, maio/agosto 2016, p. 357–398) This article explores a 1968 performance of Augusto Boal’s play I Feira Paulista de Opinião (First Paulista Fair of Opinion). More than a play, the performance was considered an event aimed at mobilizing the artistic community against the threats of censorship and repression from the Brazilian military government. The work excels at showing how the participants dealt with censorship and how they managed to create alternative spaces for cultural resistance that have been continued to the present day to be highly influential for all forms of political resistance. Though very specific in its analysis, the work also offers an insightful macro perspective on Boal’s theater as a whole. 1864 Hermeto, Miriam. Apresentação: história e teatro no Brasil pós-64. (Varia Hist., 32:59, maio/agosto 2016, p. 287–291) This article is an introduction to the theme of a special issue of the journal Varia Historia entitled “History and Theater of Brazil post 64.” It highlights the relevance and objective of choosing this theme for the new issue, specifically focusing on the need to incentivize research in the politically engaged theater of the time. Most of all, it shows how archival research is an important means of deconstructing a certain mythology that has, in some ways, idealized this type of theater in a Manicheistic manner, when the historical facts show a more nuanced and complicated story, not just of confl ict, but also of complacency and elitism.

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1865 Kaminski, Leon Frederico. Teatro, liberdade e repressão nos Festivais de Inverno de Ouro Preto, 1967–1979. (Varia Hist., 32:59, maio/agosto 2016, p. 327–355) The Winter Festival of Ouro Preto, established in 1967, was one of the largest of its kind in Brazil, promoting esthetic vanguard manifestations, not just in theater, but in dance, writing, music, and the visual arts, in the middle of the dictatorship. This article looks at the Winter Festival from 1967 to 1979 as a place of esthetic and cultural exploration. The article also highlights the complex negotiations that the artists had to contend with, since the dictatorial government both sponsored and suppressed this kind of cultural event. The article sheds light on the ways that artists from different parts of Brazil indirectly expressed their sense of uneasiness and urgency. 1866 Luiz, Macksen. Macksen Luiz et alii. São Paulo: Edições SESC, 2017. 516 p. (Coleção SESC críticas) The second title of the collection Críticas includes a selection of the most relevant texts published by Macksen Luiz, in print or electronic media from 1982 to 2010—a period in which the author was a privileged witness to the theater staged in Rio de Janeiro. The book offers the reader a meticulous collection of previously scattered theater analyses and criticism. Above all, this collection constitutes a comprehensive reference for scholars of the field and is an important addition to the study of Brazilian theater. 1867 Madeira, Wagner Martins. Formas do teatro de comédia: a obra de Oduvaldo Vianna. São Paulo: Editora Fap-Unifesp, 2016. 349 p.: bibl. In this study, Wagner Martins Madeira explores why Oduvaldo Vianna’s oeuvre has been so neglected. His main concern is to analyze the critical and public reception that the author had during his lifetime. With a thorough analysis of Vianna’s writings, he dissects his theatrical works— especially the comedies, the genre in which he was most successful. The author raises awareness of—and possibly a renewed interest in—Vianna’s plays as a forerunner in the use of several comic resources still present on our stages.

1868 Marques, Fernando. A província dos diamantes: ensaios sobre teatro. Belo Horizonte, Brazil: Autêntica; Brasília: Siglaviva, 2016. 350 p.: bibl., ill. The province of diamonds in the title alludes to Brasília, the author’s hometown. This book offers a collection of critical essays on theater by Fernando Marques, many of them published in newspapers such as Folha de São Paulo. He is an astute observer of theater who critically analyzes the stagings of important playwrights, such as Hugo Rodas, Ariano Suassuna, Nelson Rodrigues, and Oswald de Andrade. Aware of the limits of not only theater, but also the press in Brasília, Marques has had his articles published throughout the country and, more recently, by the increasingly consistent national network of theater websites. This book is also a portrait of the expansion of Brazilian theater from a regionalist to a global viewpoint. 1869 Molina, Diego. Teatro Duse: o primeiro teatro-laboratório do Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: FUNARTE, Fundação Nacional de Artes, 2015. 239 p.: bibl., ill. This work is part of the personal archival collection of Paschoal Carlos Magno (Cedoc/Funarte), but its main focus is the Teatro Duse, created by him to be a space for theatrical performance and experimentation. The author examines the organization and objectives of the space, highlighting the School of Dramatic Art. The work also analyzes the shows that made up the festival for new authors and the question of national dramaturgy at the time; it presents and analyzes an important part of the work of Paschoal Carlos Magno and his contribution to the Brazilian theatrical scene of the 1950s. 1870 Mostaço, Edélcio. Teatro e política: Arena, Oficina e Opinião. 2a edição. São Paulo: Annablume, 2016. 241 p.: bibl. This book is the second edition (the fi rst was issued in 1982) of a study of the three most important left-leaning theater groups during the dictatorship and beyond: Arena, Oficina, and Opinião. With the Teatro Brasileiro de Comédia as the apex of an inverted pyramid, Edélcio outlines a panorama of theatrical production that covers a period of three decades, up to the fi rst indi-

Literature: Brazil: Drama: Theater Criticism and History / 481 cations of the process of political democratization. In this fi nely detailed panorama, the author analyzes the political thought of the theatrical left, apparently convergent in its motivations, but somewhat diversified in its expressions. The study dissects the myth of a unified view of revolutionary ideas, perhaps an ideal of the theatrical groups of the period. The careful research process and analysis are important additions to the Brechtian influence on Brazilian theater from the 1960s and beyond, forming highly influential theater figures, such as Augusto Boal and Guarnieri.

1871 Passos, Edvard. Castro Alves: teatro e performance. Salvador, Brazil: EDUFBA, 2018. 203 p.: bibl. This work provides an overview of Castro Alves’ life and work, offering new vision of the author as a performer, while also using the concept of performance to provide a new reading of Castro Alves’ ouevre. The work reveals the strength and importance of women in Castro’s personal and professional life. Moreover, the book enriches preexisting studies on 19th-century Brazilian theater as well as on contemporary theater. 1872 Patriota, Rosangela. Antonio Fagundes: no palco da história: um ator. São Paulo: Perspectiva, 2018. 487 p.: bibl., ill. (some color), index. This book offers the reader a career biography of the renowned actor Antonio Fagundes. It is the result of extensive research and reflection on the actor’s career on stage, on TV and in the cinema. The work importantly reflects on his least known contributions to the stage, starting from his work with Teatro de Arena, which helped usher in the careers of important playwrights, directors, and actors, during the dictatorship. Besides an in-depth look at the challenges and successes of Fagundes, the author also provides a contribution to the study of theater, cinema, and TV from 1964 to the present. 1873 Pereira, Gabriel da Cunha. Imaginando o Brasil: o teatro de Chico Buarque e outras páginas. Curitiba, Brazil: Editora Appris, 2015. 227 p.: bibl. (Coleção Linguagem) This book takes an innovative look at Chico Buarque’s oeuvre, examining him as

a producer of culture and a writer for theater, engaged not only against the oppression of the military regime, but also attentive to cultural and individual themes, related to gender, ethnicity, and the politicization of pleasure and the body. The book provides extensive analysis of the plays written between the troubled political years of the 1960s and 1970s. The author also explores Buarque’s contributions as a journalist at Pasquim, an influential newspaper opposed to the military regime, led by Millôr, Jaguar, and company, to show how Buarque political proclivities informed and influenced his understanding of theater.

1874 Raniere, Édio. NuTE: cartografia de um teatro. Blumenau, Brazil: Liquidificador Produtos Culturais, 2011. 377 p.: ill. This book is described as a cartography of the theater Nute, in Santa Catarina, which was an experimental theater group that remained active in the region for 18 years. The study provides an archival memory of the group in the form of a collection of diaries and notes written by Edio Raniere, the coordinator of the project, on different performances and processes. Though it can be a rich addition to the study of Brazilian theater schools and groups as a whole, it fails to clarify for the reader the aims of each of the chapters. It purposefully reads more like a poetic diary than an academic study. 1875 Rieche, Eduardo. Yara Amaral: a operária do teatro. Rio de Janeiro: Tinta Negra, 2016. 733 p.: bibl., ill. This book is a beautifully edited biography of actress Yara Amaral (1936–88) that reconstructs the trajectory of one of the most important and lauded Brazilian actresses. The work also provides a large collection of pictures of Yara Amaral on stage and beyond. Moreover, it also comprises a vigorous exploration of the history of national dramaturgy and a critical analysis of the Bateau Mouche shipwreck, which tragically ended her life. 1876 Silva, Martiniano José da. Teatro Experimental do Negro em Goiás. São Paulo: Anita Garibaldi, 2016. 139 p.: bibl., ill. This book contains a collection of texts that explore the rise of the Teatro Experimental do Negro (TEN) (Black Experi-

482 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 mental Theater) of Goiás, which followed the Abdias do Nascimento initiative in Rio de Janeiro, in the state of Goiás. The author analyzes the fi rst play, Auto de Zumbi, written and performed by the group from different perspectives, engaging with race theory and the history of racism in Brazil as a whole. The study is complemented by a few chapters written by different authors, detailing the contributions of Mariniano Jose da Silva to Black activism in the arts in the state of Goiás.

1877 O Tapa no Arena: repertório em imagens. Organização e fotografias por Claudinei Nakasone. São Paulo: Edições SESC, 2015. 197 p.: bibl., ill. (chiefly color). Through photographic images and brief commentaries, Claudinei Nakasone records the stage productions of the renowned and long-lasting Grupo Tapa in its new space, Teatro de Arena. The study sheds light on one more facet of this important theater group. The project is the result of Nakasone’s examination of 15 shows staged by the company. The images capture the strength and energy of the actors’ gestures, and the work of the director and collaborators in each of the stagings. Moreover, this work offers contributions to the history of theater in Brazil by researchers Valmir Santos and Guilherme Sant’Anna, in addition to the indispensable contribution of Clara Carvalho, an actress from Grupo Tapa. 1878 Teatro, comunicação e sociabilidade: uma análise da censura ao teatro amador em São Paulo (1946–1970). Organização de Roseli Figaro. Contribuções de Bruna Bacalgini et al. São Paulo: Fapesp; São Paulo: Balão Editorial, 2011. 293 p.: bibl., ill. The sub-title of this edited volume states what it concerns: censorship of amateur theater in Brazil’s largest city from the end of WWII until the fi rst years of the imposition of the Fifth Institutional Act by the miltary regime (Dec. 1968). The years in question witnessed a theatrical effervescence in immigrant communities (Italian, Spanish, etc.) which challenged encounters of the urban collectivity, but affirmed diversity and sociability in both middle-class and working-class circles. More than 20 researchers participated in this project, labor-

ing largely in state archives, but only four composed actual chapters, the sixth and last of which compares fascist censure in Italy. Charts and facsimiles complement the exposition. [C. Perrone]

1879 Teatro da Vertigem. Organização por Sílvia Fernandes. Rio de Janeiro: Cobogó, 2018. 334 p.: bibl., ill. (some color). Celebrating 25 years of Teatro da Vertigem, Editora Cobogó offers a beautiful and engaging publication that brings together texts by critics, playwrights, and thinkers who reflect on the group’s creation. Along its remarkable artistic path, in a hybrid of languages, including site specific and urban performances, the group led by Antônio Araújo opened a collaborative space for scenic and dramaturgical possibilities in different locations in the city. Most of all, this book provides an important contribution to the study of street and immersive theater in Latin America, not just for its textual content, but for the images included, often harder to document, due to its transitory, expansive, and experimental nature. 1880 Uzel, Marcos. Guerreiras do cabaré: a mulher negra no espetáculo do Bando de Teatro Olodum. Salvador, Brazil: Edufba, 2012. 206 p.: bibl., color ill. In this work, the author approaches the discursive strategies used by the Bando de Teatro Olodum to represent the female characters of the show Cabaré da rrrrraça, using cultures as a starting point for understanding the complicated relationship between race and gender. Using a political lens to analyze the characters’ positions in the staging and in the text of the play, he discusses delicate themes, such as the dilemma of miscegenation and the double discrimination suffered by Black women, even within a Black activist group. To support the discussion theoretically, the author provides an overview of the notion of race, Black movements, and race relations, which are well researched and a great addition to the study of Brazilian theater history. 1881 Vianna Filho, Oduvaldo. Peças do CPC: A mais-valia vai acabar, seu Edgar; Mundo enterrado. Coordenação da edição por Sérgio de Carvalho. São Paulo: Expressão Popular, 2016. 238 p.: bibl., music.

Literature: Translations / 483 This critical edition contains the collated text of the two versions of the play A mais-valia vai acabar, seu Edgar (The Surplus Will End, Edgar) by Oduvaldo Vianna Filho—commonly known as Vianinha—that were staged in 1960. The play is considered the precursor of the experience of the Popular Center of Culture (CPC). In fact, these two productions were the fi rst experiences of epic staging in Brazil, bringing together fi lm projection, slides, live music, and modernist scenography. The fi rst was published in the 1980s in a compendium of plays by Vianinha organized by Yan Michalski. The second version was discovered by LITS researchers in the Funarte collection in Rio de Janeiro, but remained unpublished until this edition. This version also includes testimonies from people who participated in the reenactments and a sample of the critical reception the play received. The volume also includes an unpublished piece by Vianinha called Buried World, written in early 1963 as part of a set called Imperialism and Petroleum. Two contemplative texts by Vianinha are also part of the book, making it an important read for theater researchers.

1882 Villanova, Simone. Sociabilidade e cultura: a história dos “pequenos teatros” na cidade de Manaus (1859–1900). Manaus, Brazil: EDUA, Editora da Universidade, 2015. 356 p.: bibl., ill., facsimiles. This book studies the cultural expressions of Amazonian society during the provincial period, focusing on the city’s fi rst theaters: the Straw Theater, the Variety Comic Theater of Lima Penante, the Portuguese Beneficent Theater and the Éden Theater, built before the sumptuous Teatro Amazonas. It is a study of a time before the great production of rubber, when the city’s spaces and the customs of its residents began to change and mold themselves to European tastes. The research is rich in bibliographical and documentary sources, as well as texts that support the work theoretically, including periodicals from the period. The focus on theater performances, though rich and important, leads the author to perceive a bias towards European customs and cultures in the theater scene of the period, to the exclusion of the rich Indigenous cultures in the region, which must also have added to the cultural scene, but remained invisible in books and periodicals of the 19th- and 20th-century Manaus.

TRANSLATIONS INTO ENGLISH FROM THE SPANISH AND THE PORTUGUESE MARÍA-CONSTANZA GUZMÁN, Associate Professor of Hispanic Studies and Translation, York University, Glendon Campus (Toronto) ÉLIDE VALARINI OLIVER , Professor and Director of the Center for Portuguese Studies, University of California, Santa Barbara JOSHUA PRICE , Professor, Toronto Metropolitan University STEVEN F. WHITE , Professor of Spanish and Portuguese, Chair of Modern Languages and Literatures, St. Lawrence University TRANSLATIONS FROM THE SPANISH

THE PAST TWO YEARS (2019–2021) mark a high point in a decidedly strong decade for women in Latin American writing, exemplified by the quantity and quality of writing by women in translation. Their centrality in the Latin American literary landscape is incontrovertible. The work of Fernanda Melchor, Mariana Enríquez, Samanta Shweblin, and Pilar Quintana, among others, was featured on the front pages of the most reputable national and international publications. Women writers have gained visibility and received praise, both in their Spanish and Por-

Literature: Translations / 483 This critical edition contains the collated text of the two versions of the play A mais-valia vai acabar, seu Edgar (The Surplus Will End, Edgar) by Oduvaldo Vianna Filho—commonly known as Vianinha—that were staged in 1960. The play is considered the precursor of the experience of the Popular Center of Culture (CPC). In fact, these two productions were the fi rst experiences of epic staging in Brazil, bringing together fi lm projection, slides, live music, and modernist scenography. The fi rst was published in the 1980s in a compendium of plays by Vianinha organized by Yan Michalski. The second version was discovered by LITS researchers in the Funarte collection in Rio de Janeiro, but remained unpublished until this edition. This version also includes testimonies from people who participated in the reenactments and a sample of the critical reception the play received. The volume also includes an unpublished piece by Vianinha called Buried World, written in early 1963 as part of a set called Imperialism and Petroleum. Two contemplative texts by Vianinha are also part of the book, making it an important read for theater researchers.

1882 Villanova, Simone. Sociabilidade e cultura: a história dos “pequenos teatros” na cidade de Manaus (1859–1900). Manaus, Brazil: EDUA, Editora da Universidade, 2015. 356 p.: bibl., ill., facsimiles. This book studies the cultural expressions of Amazonian society during the provincial period, focusing on the city’s fi rst theaters: the Straw Theater, the Variety Comic Theater of Lima Penante, the Portuguese Beneficent Theater and the Éden Theater, built before the sumptuous Teatro Amazonas. It is a study of a time before the great production of rubber, when the city’s spaces and the customs of its residents began to change and mold themselves to European tastes. The research is rich in bibliographical and documentary sources, as well as texts that support the work theoretically, including periodicals from the period. The focus on theater performances, though rich and important, leads the author to perceive a bias towards European customs and cultures in the theater scene of the period, to the exclusion of the rich Indigenous cultures in the region, which must also have added to the cultural scene, but remained invisible in books and periodicals of the 19th- and 20th-century Manaus.

TRANSLATIONS INTO ENGLISH FROM THE SPANISH AND THE PORTUGUESE MARÍA-CONSTANZA GUZMÁN, Associate Professor of Hispanic Studies and Translation, York University, Glendon Campus (Toronto) ÉLIDE VALARINI OLIVER , Professor and Director of the Center for Portuguese Studies, University of California, Santa Barbara JOSHUA PRICE , Professor, Toronto Metropolitan University STEVEN F. WHITE , Professor of Spanish and Portuguese, Chair of Modern Languages and Literatures, St. Lawrence University TRANSLATIONS FROM THE SPANISH

THE PAST TWO YEARS (2019–2021) mark a high point in a decidedly strong decade for women in Latin American writing, exemplified by the quantity and quality of writing by women in translation. Their centrality in the Latin American literary landscape is incontrovertible. The work of Fernanda Melchor, Mariana Enríquez, Samanta Shweblin, and Pilar Quintana, among others, was featured on the front pages of the most reputable national and international publications. Women writers have gained visibility and received praise, both in their Spanish and Por-

484 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76

tuguese originals and in English translation, and in various genres—from autofiction and science fiction to horror and neogothic. The work of several of these contemporary writers features frank discussions and depictions of sex, pleasure, and sexuality, going well beyond the stereotypical heteronormative eroticization of women’s bodies. Many of these works also have at their center multiple forms of violence, from state terror (and the memory of state terror) to domestic abuse. The writing of women today reveals social and intergenerational tensions, anxieties, and resistance to social pressures and established norms. Women from Colombia, Cuba, Mexico, Argentina, and Chile, have produced various forms to assert their place in the literary world; either through parable, such as in recent stories and novels by Samanta Schweblin, or through historical research turned fiction, as in the case of the bilingual chronicler and archivist Cristina Rivera Garza. Authors write outstanding narratives, while assuming an ironic posture toward longstanding oppressive social modes, sometimes in charting women’s lives in downwardly mobile middle-class families. Their work aligns with important contemporary feminist social movements such as “#MeToo” “Ni una menos,” and other initiatives, such as the street performances by the Chilean group Las Tesis (“El violador eres tú”) that demand an end to various forms of violence against women and girls. Yet their work often operates obliquely, through metaphor, and is far from pamphleteering or bald in its politics. Another highlight of the period is the translation of minor classics, underappreciated gems from an earlier epoch. In this category we also fi nd a significant number of works by women. In HLAS 76, we include reviews of recent translations or works by Amparo Dávila (item 1905) and Silvina Ocampo (item 1907), for example, and also a unique volume of Letters, Dreams, and Other Writings by the artist Remedios Varo (item 1947). In general, contemporary Latin American writers continue to write in a range of genres, well beyond magical realism. Many are choosing dystopian fiction, gritty realism, neogothic horror, and New Weird (see for example, Samanta Schweblin (item 1910)). Graphic novels and science fiction are currently important sites for exploring new frontiers of literary invention. Other authors do write in the form of the magical realist historical, intergenerational sagas, fully embracing the rich literary possibilities of this Latin American tradition; this is true of Sofia Segovia (item 1940) and a typically over-the-top contribution by Alejandro Jodorowsky (item 1927) who offers a fictionalized version of his own family’s multigenerational saga. Authors considered central to Latin American writing at the turn to the 21st century continue to be translated, such as Ricardo Piglia (item 1933) and others. We see growing numbers of titles issued by AmazonCrossings, while independent publishers in many places in the US—Minneapolis, Brooklyn, Austin—as well as in Canada and the UK, have done an enormous service in continuing to publish Latin American writers who are not always well known in the Englishspeaking world. Among the longstanding independent publishers are New Directions, Archipelago, Graywolf, and Melville House. Other presses include Wakefield, OneWorld, Deep Vellum, and university publishers increasingly embracing literary translations, such as Yale University Press, Texas Tech University Press and especially Duke’s wonderful “Latin America in Translation” series. An interesting phenomenon is that of collaborative editions by publishers either printing jointly in both Latin America and North America, or having South-North imprints. One example is the collaboration among Nueva York Poetry Press, Abisinia, and Escarabajo. Printed in various locations, these editions—sometimes bilingual, others only in Spanish—generate welcome possibilities for increased

Literature: Translations / 485

distribution (e.g., Este permanecer en la tierra by Angélica Hoyos Guzmán). This period has been rich in high-quality independent publishing throughout Latin America; US publishers would be well-served to stay in contact with not only the major Latin American publishers and distributors, but also with the smaller presses, which are publishing daring writing by emerging writers. Thematically, during this period, we found numerous newly translated books about the border between Mexico and US and on relations between Mexico and the US (items 1888, 1937, and 1943). Several combine fiction and nonfiction in innovative ways, some are written in a realist mode and feature visceral violence and inequality, while in others, the atmosphere is oneiric. We have Julián Herbert’s genre-defying meditation on the massacre of Chinese/Chinese-Mexicans in the town of Torreón in 1911 (item 370), and the writings by Rodrigo Hasbún (item 1922), Freddy Prestol Castillo (item 1934), and Emiliano Monge (item 1931) and other influential and committed contemporary writers, such as Cristina Rivera Garza. Some of these novels draw on historical documentation—the writers may have conducted archival research or interviews. Some publishers also specialize in the US-Mexico border region, and their editorial strategies involve the plurilingual nature of this cultural space (e.g., Cinco Puntos Press). Creative writing programs that include bilingual writing, such as the ones in Texas, are also important for border writers and Latin American and Caribbean writers in the diaspora. Unfortunately, LGBTQ, Indigenous, and Afro-Latin American authors are still underrepresented in translation. However, in other contemporary literary spaces this is no longer as true as it once was. Literary journals and magazines, both print and online, have been featuring a more diverse range of writers and continue to publish issues featuring Latin American writing (e.g., Granta). Latin American Literature Today is a particularly remarkable example. In addition to its bilingual presentation, its portal and magazine devote a section to Latin American Indigenous writing. The magazine includes a section on Indigenous literature; LALT No. 19, for instance, featured two Quechua microstories by Yovana Gabriel and Ramiro Vega; LALT No. 14’s section on “Indigenous Poetry from Colombia, Costa Rica, and Chiapas” included writing by Ashanti Dinah OrozcoHerrera, Jarol Segura Rivera, and Xun Betan. Other magazines and journals have devoted special issues to Indigenous writing. Vol. 7, No.1 of Tusaaji: A Translation Review—edited by one of us, Guzmán—featured Indigenous authors from the North and the South, including Michi Saagiig Nishnaabeg Leanne Betasamosake Simpson, as well as the Quechua Yanakuna Mitmak Freddy Chikangana/Wiñay Mallki, Vito Apüshana (Wayuu), and Hugo Jamioy Juagibioy (Kamuentsa Kabëng Kamëntsa Biyá). The last three have been translated in trilingual versions: Spanish, English, and Quechua, Wayuunaiki, and Kamemtxa/Camsá, respectively). Online literary magazines and portals such as Words without Borders, Bomb, and LALT also include sections devoted specifically to translation. In the case of LALT, besides publishing issues bilingually in Spanish and English, they feature translation-focused pieces, such as translator interviews, and sections such as “Translation previews and new releases,” “On translation,” and “On translation: seeking publisher.” With these sections, the magazine becomes a space to render visible lesser-known authors and help propel Latin American translation projects toward publication. This period saw the world-changing COVID-19 pandemic and its effects, which touched every aspect of our lives. Among the social and economic impacts in the literary world were the closing of venues for in-person access to print books,

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including libraries and bookstores, some of which closed temporarily; others permanently. Major world book fairs were forced to cancel their annual gatherings, and most moved to hold at least part of their programming online. The American Literary Translators Association conference also took place online. Offering virtual programming free of charge had the silver lining of democratizing access to book fairs and literary events around the world and making them more global. The unexpected positive outcomes of this shift to online platforms will likely mean that events will continue to offer online programming in the future, thus widening their accessibility and reach. The literary translation world lived through many losses during this period. We said farewell to Carol Maier (10 June 1943–1 May 2020), literary translator, beloved mentor to so many and a former editor of this section. A committed translator and educator, Maier combined practice, pedagogy, and theory. She taught several generations of Spanish-English translators in the Kent State University translation program, and translated several works, among them two exiled republican Spanish writers, María Zambrano and Rosa Chacel, and the Cuban poet Octavio Armand. Maier collaborated with others, including Suzanne Jill Levine, and was one of the pioneers of a feminist approach to thinking and practicing translation. Along with Marilyn Gaddis, Carol Maier was influential in granting translation, as a practice and as a field of study and research, the place it occupies today in North America. [MCG and JP] TRANSLATIONS FROM THE PORTUGUESE

The recent crop of Brazilian literature in English translation follows a meandering path established long ago, marked by intermittent and unsystematic choices— admittedly, not entirely different from what occurs with translations from many other countries. Sometimes the choices are based on a translator’s haphazard encounter with a writer they somehow “discovered”; other times specialized academics press for a systematic approach: the translation of fundamental works of the Brazilian canon, in an attempt to follow the chronological path of continuities that emerges from the history of Brazilian literature itself. Such an ambitious undertaking is bound to fail, as would any attempt to transfer centuries of literary experience from one culture to another. It is not uncommon for Brazilian academics and researchers to lament missed opportunities to present Brazilian literature to world audiences in the most advantageous way, especially works that form the core of the country’s literature. The Portuguese language, despite being spoken by more than 200 million people, is not a global language, so literary translations continue to be the best means of sharing the country’s literary gems. It is therefore dismaying to see missteps, such as the translation of Grande sertão: veredas by João Guimarães Rosa— the most important Brazilian novel of the 20th century by all accounts—which was awkwardly titled and ineptly rendered into English as The Devil to Pay in the Backlands (1963). The translation contributed to, if not caused, a lack of recognition by the Anglophone world, of one of the world’s most prodigious, unique, imaginative, and linguistically challenging writers. Fortunately, skillful and masterful translations into Italian, Spanish, and French garnered João Guimarães Rosa a rightful place among the most extraordinary writers in the world. However, it may impossible to reproduce, by merely publishing more translated works, the original flux and path of Brazilian literature, since, as happens with the literature of all cultures, it emanates from specific historical and cultural contexts.

Literature: Translations / 487

This truism aside, ultimately it is the book market and the preferences of readers that determine the fate of translated books and the printing, or not, of subsequent editions. The symbiosis between the market and the public is well known: it is a feedback circuit reflecting trends, cultural fashions, expectations, fantasy fulfi lments, and no small number of cultural anxieties. Buffeted against these ever-changing trends and public demands, it is often the current image of a country—independent of specific dates and times—that helps determine the acceptance or rejection of its cultural products. The image of Brazil as the exotic tropical paradise, for example, was fundamental for the translation (and sales) of Jorge Amado’s books, assisted, in many countries, (though less so in the US) by the author’s Communist credentials and his tropical naturalism. However, the glamour of years past has faded and in its current situation, Brazil has lost international public favor. There are still attempts to render significant works of literature into reliable translations, as well as a minor niche for a crop of contemporary works deemed, if not important, at least trendy enough for market appeal. Stories that emphasize violence, misery, oppression, the marginal life, and affiliated themes abound in contemporary literature in and from Brazil. Such themes have become the Brazilian brand, an image, which the public, both nationally, and especially internationally, immediately recognize and expect. No wonder it is constantly repackaged to fulfi ll demand. This trend is not new, though. Naturalism (following the model established a long time ago by Zola, among others) has been, for many years, the preferred language of most cultural manifestations and products, like fi lms and television series in Brazil. These popular cultural products have almost uncontested power to shape both expectations and tastes. Today’s market of book prizes is booming. There are prizes for everyone. Sometimes prizes are established with the support of publishers themselves, and then inflated by their aggrandized fi nancial backing of festivals, book fairs, and tours to plug their authors. The trend has enabled some contemporary Brazilian writers to join the international promotional circuit. This state of affairs fulfi lls both reading and marketing expectations, which are tightly tied together in a circular fashion. Truly new writing hardly has a chance to break into this cycle. As a result, innovative writers rarely fi nd accommodating publishers. Cultural reception, in this case of literary works, involves appropriations and misappropriations, some of them inevitable, others purposefully forced, either by personal choices, agendas, or the book market (none of these mutually exclusive). The current case of Clarice Lispector and other women writers of Brazil illustrates the reception distortion that can occur. Women have been visible in Brazilian literature and the larger sphere of the art world for decades. The Modernist Movement, culminating in the Semana de Arte Moderna (Modern Art Week) in the Municipal Theater in São Paulo, in 1922, drew part of its strength from the impact caused by the pioneering painting exhibition of Anita Malfatti’s works (1917). Tarsila do Amaral, only recently discovered by the US public due to an exhibition of her works at the MoMA, was also an integral part of the Modernist Movement, with the most valuable and famous painting in Brazilian art, the Abaporu (1928), to her credit. The writer and journalist Pagu (Patrícia Galvão) was a recognized figure, as was the poet Cecília Meireles. Rachel de Queiróz became a success at the age of 20 with her fi rst novel O quinze, in 1930, followed by other successful works that were well received by the reading public. Subsequent generations included the writers Clarice Lispector,

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Lígia Fagundes Telles, Nélida Piñon, Adélia Prado, Lya Luft, and Edla Van Steen, among others. Cora Coralina, (1889–1985), though she was born and lived at a remove from the cultivated urban centers and their trends, likewise garnered vast critical and public recognition. These writers only began to catch the attention of the English-speaking publishing market around the 1990s. The late translation of these writers into English (with the exception of Cora Coralina who has not been translated yet) has led to a misperception in the English-speaking world that these voices were likewise unrecognized in Brazil until recently. Clarice Lispector stands out as an exception given the relatively early translation of her work, A maçã no escuro as The Apple in the Dark (1967) by Gregory Rabassa. This was followed by Richard A. Mazzara’s 1969 translation of Uma aprendizagem ou o livro dos prazeres (An Apprenticeship or the Book of Delights). Since then, many of Lispector’s works have been translated in both the United Kingdom and the US by Giovanni Pontiero: Family Ties (1972); The Foreign Legion, Stories and Chronicles (1986); The Hour of the Star (1986 (UK)), (1992 (US)); Near to the Wild Heart (1990); Discovering the World (1992); Ronald. W. Sousa: The Passion according to G.H. (1988); Alexis Levitin: Soulstorm: Stories (1989); and Elizabeth Lowe and Earl Fitz: Stream of Life (1989). Lispector chose her titles carefully and most of her translators render them faithfully, occasionally with slight changes like Discovering the World, for the Portuguese The Discovery of the World. Two of her collections of short stories, A via crucis do corpo (The ViaCrucis of the Body) (1974) and Onde estivestes de noite (Where Have You Been in the Night) (1974) were renamed and jointly published with the title Soulstorm: Stories, not without the risks that such arbitrary interventions impose on the original intentions of the writer. Água viva, translated as Stream of Life is a difficult title due to the ambiguities of the phrase which means both alive/living water and jellyfi sh. New Directions has been retranslating most of Clarice Lispector’s works, including Água viva, with its original title in Portuguese carried over into English. In 2019, the same house published The Besieged City (A cidade sitiada) originally issued in 1949, translated by Johnny Lorenz, and The Chandelier, whose original title in Portuguese is O Lustre (The Lamp) (1946) in a translation by Benjamin Moser and Magdalena Edwards. The latter work was published with the support of a grant from the Brazilian Ministry of Culture and the Brazilian National Library Foundation. In the English-speaking world, critical attention to Clarice Lispector has been focused on her novels, which are dense, complex, and demanding, even repetitively so. In terms of reception, there is a preference in Anglo-American cultures to privilege the novel, and this point of insertion, given her style, has contributed to the image of Lispector as an almost mythical writer, a rather simplistic label, which helps sales. For Brazilians, however, her image is multifaceted, since she also wrote short stories and crônicas, which were widely available in weeklies and newspapers during her lifetime. In fact, the most prominent literary critic, Antônio Cândido after pointing out the repetitive prototypes both in characterization and themes in most of Clarice Lispector’s novels, praised instead the originality, openness, and brilliance of her short stories and crônicas. The crônica cannot be loosely translated as chronicle or essay. It is, as the very same Antonio Candido, once proposed, rightly or wrongly, a Brazilian genre par excellence. The majority of the most important Brazilian writers, Machado de Assis included, has written these short pieces that appeared in newspapers and weeklies, at least from 19th century onwards. Many of these pieces, by a multi-

Literature: Translations / 489

plicity of authors and covering a wide array of subjects, still wait for translations, and would provide an ample panorama of the richness and variety of a genre of Brazilian literature read and enjoyed by many in country, and displaying the polyphony of voices that capture the imagination of so many readers in Brazil. Clarice Lispector together with Rubem Braga, Fernando Sabino, Rachel de Queiróz, Otto Lara Resende, Ligia Fagundes Telles, Paulo Mendes Campos, among many other writers, made names for themselves through their crônicas published in the mass media. Two of the most essential Brazilian poets of the 20th century, Carlos Drummond de Andrade and Manuel Bandeira, whose demanding poetry was read by only a few, became widely admired and loved by the general public when they started writing crônicas for newspapers with large circulations. The crônica speaks with the voice of a friend in informal conversation. It tells a story, or muses on something that has just happened in town, or happened to someone in town, or to the cronista. The variety of subjects is open and impossible to classify. The language is crafted to reproduce orality and colloquialism, but deceptively so, since crônicas written in the last century preserve a freshness of language that makes them enjoyably engaging and up-to-date. Another characteristic of the modern crônica is that its narrator must be closely related to the biographical persona of the cronista. It must be signed by the author. It has a personal voice that creates the illusion of an unmediated relation between writer and reader. A crônica written under a pseudonym destroys the reader’s trust (although this was common, for different reasons, in the 19th century). This is what Clarice Lispector discovered, when invited to write crônicas to a large circulation newspaper, by her friend, the novelist and cronista, Fernando Sabino. She tried to avoid the personal, and offered a replacement pseudonym, Teresa Campos, but it simply could not be done. Fernanda Torres, a well-known actress turned writer, began her writing career as one of the cronistas for a Brazilian newspaper of high circulation. Her second novel, A glória e seu cortejo de horrores (2017), has now been translated into English by Eric M.B. Becker as Glory and Its Litany of Horrors. Lúcio Cardoso started his career as a regionalist writer with Maleita (Malaria) (1934), following the dominant cultural climate of the times, which favored a naturalism tinged with realist socialist themes, but abandoned the model for a nuanced psychological approach, not very different from the type of fiction his lifelong friend, Clarice Lispector (who as a young woman had fallen in love with him), also wrote. Cardoso, an original and compelling writer, has had his Crônica da casa assassinada (1959) translated for the fi rst time into English, with the support of the Brazilian Ministry of Culture and the Brazilian National Library Foundation, by Margaret Jull Costa and Robin Patterson as Chronicle of the Murdered House (2016; item 1949). In this case, the word crônica in the title resumes its primary meaning of chronicle in the form of a memoir in which complex themes, stories revisited and renarrated, and painful revelations expose the decay of the Meneses family from a ruined farm in Vila Velha, a town the interior of state of Minas Gerais. Chico Buarque de Holanda, the famous Brazilian composer, lyricist, and writer, son of one of the most important historians of Brazil, Sérgio Buarque de Holanda, himself the author of the classic Raízes do Brasil (Roots of Brazil) (1936, translated in 2012 by G. Harvey Summ) has had his book O irmão alemão (2014) translated into English as My German Brother (item 1948) by Alison Entrekin. This publication follows a previous US translation of Leite derramado (Spilt Milk;

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see HLAS 68:2684), also by Alison Entrekin in 2012. He has had three of his books published in the UK: Budapest (Budapeste) (2004) translated by Alison Entrekin (see HLAS 64:2570), Estorvo (Turbulence), translated by Peter Bush (1992; see HLAS 54:5074), and Benjamin (Benjamin) (1997; see HLAS 58:4694), translated by Clifford E. Landers. A much-repeated point regarding translations of Brazil’s greatest writers involves distress about quality or lack thereof. The discussion is important because a poor translation can do quite a bit of damage to a writer’s international reputation and/or reception. Poor translations of great Brazilian works have been published too often. The case of João Guimarães Rosa and Grande sertão: veredas is the most traumatic example. Mário de Andrade has equally been victimized, with his undeniably complex and difficult Macunaíma, translated in 1984. The work of Machado de Assis, with his dry irony, clear and limpid prose style has been recently retranslated (see HLAS 70:2331–2332, for example) to compensate for the uneven and lax treatments of the past. His Quincas Borba that had been published under the puzzling title Philosopher or Dog? (1954), received a new translation in 1998, properly named Quincas Borba by Gregory Rabassa (see HLAS 58:4703). Machado de Assis himself would be equally puzzled with his (The) Posthumous Memoirs of Brás Cubas, being transfigured into Epitaph of a Small Winner (1953; see HLAS 18:2767), but the book recovered its original title in 1997, The Posthumous Memoirs of Brás Cubas (see HLAS 58:4702), as translated by Gregory Rabassa. There is a cliché in translation studies about translators as co-creators, or even trans-creators as opposed to “mere” translators. This raises the question of what, indeed, is a translation? Does fidelity mean literalism? Evidently not, so a good, perhaps a mere translator, in being faithful to the text, is already fulfi lling an extremely difficult task, since fidelity means fi nding correspondences, triangulations, equivalences, being attentive to tone, style, rhythm, like a musician reading a score: the music is there, but must be coaxed out of the page. The factor that transcends the futility of this pseudodiscussion is and remains anchored in the translator’s level of competence. This involves not only the language from which the translator translates, but most importantly, the one into which the translation is done: that means, most often, the translator’s mother tongue. Most of the pseudo arguments about recreation—and its subsidiary simplistic cliché about untranslatability—develop because the translators lack mastery of the range, vocabulary and flexibility of their own language; or are not proficient in dealing with the specific corpus to be translated; or have done insufficient readings in the varieties of registers of their own language. To be a translator one revel in the pleasure of language. Within these parameters, Clarice Lispector, as represented by new translations of her work, is a mixed case. Giovanni Pontiero’s previous translations captured her vocabulary, tone, and rhythm. A good translation must also try to capture and reproduce at least some of the impact of the original language on the reader. In Lispector’s case, the effect of revealing hidden and difficult psychological truths that are locally, culturally inscribed, counts among one of the most intriguing aspects of her work. But to what extent are these, culturally specific aspects? The recent translations, of The Chandelier and The Besieged City faithfully capture Clarice Lispector’s style, yet the question of tone can be a translator’s trap. It is often useful for the public to have a choice of versions of the same works by reputed writers; however, to what extent is the same public ready to buy so many different versions for comparison?

Literature: Translations: Anthologies / 491

The problem here, resides not in the translations themselves, but in the packaging or repackaging of the Clarice Lispector brand. This is evident in the distorted hype heaped on her by promoters and reviewers, some of them possessing very little, or no familiarity with Brazil or Brazilian literature; the “greatest Brazilian writer of the 20th century” as one reviewer wrote, enthusiastically based on a couple of translations. Such grandiose statements speak for themselves—and they help sales. In the current US climate, there is a trend to offer new translations and market them as retranslations, a somewhat loaded term, implying previous failure, or a feeble attempt to render the writer into English. It is ironic that previous translations of Lispector are under scrutiny when the primary victim of failed translations is João Guimarães Rosa. The case for more translations cannot be conflated with the promotion of the retranslation label, especially, when a retranslation is offered as a replacement of previously skillful ones. When writers receive a new translation, it certainly increases their chances of visibility in a crowded and narrow market. Clarice Lispector has been reshaped in the US to fit the mold of her promoters’ choosing, and that goes beyond the question of translations. [EVO]

ANTHOLOGIES

1883 The book of Havana. Edited by Orsola Casagrande. Translated by Orsola Casagrande and Séamas Carraher. London, England: Comma Press, 2018. 115 p. The Book of Havana: A City in Short Fiction is a slim, attractive paperback edited by Orsola Casagrande featuring a collection of contemporary Cuban short stories. Each of the 10 stories is set in a Havana neighborhood and they were written by 10 writers living in Cuba. The authors, from various generations, are Eduardo del Llano, Eduardo Heras León, Daniel Chavarría, Laidi Fernández de Juan, Eduardo Ángel Santiesteban, Francisco López Sacha, Jorge Enrique Lage, Ahmel Echevarría Peré, Irina J. Davidenko, and Cinthia R. Paredes. The back cover notes that the stories “reflect the many complex challenges Havana’s citizens have had to endure as a result of their country’s political isolation.” In the introduction to the volume, Casagrande offers an historical overview of the city of Havana from its founding, and focuses on the appearance of Havana in narratives, from Alexander von Humboldt’s Political Essay on the Island of Cuba (1825) to travel writing pieces—which the book indicates were written largely by women. It then offers a brief account of more recent history, highlighting the Revolution of 1959 and the subsequent US

embargo, as a way of framing the featured fictional narratives about the city of Havana. The editor notes that the authors are of different generations, write in diverse literary styles, display various techniques and storytelling tactics that are at once contemporary and reminiscent of—or in conversation with—Cuban literary antecedents. “In this sense they preserve, as well as give voice to, both the differences and the points of convergence of a literary tradition that, despite its apparently short history, has a wealth of depth and experience to draw on” (p. xii). The stories were translated by Havana-based journalist and fi lmmaker Orsola Casagrande and writer Séamas Carraher; the two have collaborated on various joint writing projects through the years. [MCG]

1884 Concurso Binacional Fronterizo de Poesía Pellicer-Frost, Ciudad Juárez, Mexico, 2017. Pellicer-Frost Concurso Binacional Fronterizo de Poesía 2017. PellicerFrost 2017 Binational Border Poetry Contest. Selection by Luis Armenta Malpica, Gustavo Iñiguez, and Rigoberto González. Siqueiros-Pollock Concurso Binacional de Pintura y Dibujo 2017. Selección de Santiago Espinoza de los Monteros y Marisa Sage = Siqueiros-Pollock 2017 Binational Painting and Drawing Contest. Selection by Santiago Espinoza de los Monteros and Marisa Sage. Selección de Luis Armenta Malpica,

492 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Gustavo Iñiguez y Rigoberto González = Guadalajara, Mexico: Mantis Editores, Luis Armenta Malpica; Ciudad Juárez, Mexico: UACJ, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, 2017. 127 p.: color ill. (Colección Liminar) The purpose of this anthology of literary contest winners, according to the Spanish-language introduction, “is to create a space for exchange and cultural dialogue between creators from the border states in northern Mexico and the southern part of the US.” In keeping with the spirit of binationalism, the winner from Mexico, Arturo Loera, juxtaposes a poem called “Tennessee,” in which the poet speaks of the need to “wet my back on the way/wet my face at arrival,” with “Postcard from Tijuana,” where he writes, “I’ve spent the better years of my life/among the immigrant lights of certain streets.” The winner from the US, Cynthia Guardado, was born in Los Angeles, Calif., in 1984, four years after her parents emigrated to the US from El Salvador. Her powerful poems, especially “Migration,” contain references to the harsh realities of the border-crossing experience: “i’ve been dreaming of waking in the open desert/i never know if i am alive/or if i am even me.” She also writes of gang violence in El Salvador in “Terrorist Attack by the Mara on a City Bus”: “Passengers are showered in gasoline/while two young boys threaten them/with AK-47’s. They scream/before a lit match is thrown.” Other contest winners selected for this volume include Jorge Manzanilla and Teresa Avedoy (from Mexico) as well as Lauren Espinoza and Rodney Gomez (from the US). [SFW] TRANSLATIONS FROM THE SPANISH Poetry

1885 Barreto, Igor. The blind plain: El llano ciego. Translated by Rowena Hill. Portland, Ore: Tavern Books, 2019. 362 p. The Venezuelan poet Igor Barreto (b. 1952) is the author of nearly a dozen books that have have been translated into several languages. He is also the recipient of a Guggenheim fellowship. In his introduction, Curtis Bauer links Barreto’s poetry to that of Cavafy, Drummond de Andrade, Walcott, and Montale, as well as (less con-

vincingly) to US writers such as Marianne Moore, Philip Levine, Gerald Stern, and others. What is missing in this collection is an effort to situate Barreto within the literary world of both his country of origin and the Hispanic world at large. Rowena Hill, the veteran translator born in the UK, has lived and taught in Venezuela and has translated the work of renowned Venezuelan authors Rafael Cadenas and Eugenio Montejo into English. A preface by Hill would have helped the English-speaking reader understand Barreto more fully. Bauer hears echoes of Chilean Nicanor Parra in the poetry of Barreto. But what marks Barreto is precisely the solemnity that Parra parodies and subverts with sarcastic humor. The Chilean poet who may indeed manifest himself most clearly in Barreto, especially in the poems of “Imperfect Chapels” with their references to named individuals and their professions, is the Pablo Neruda of Canto general (see HLAS 54:4974). These dramatic texts recall both Neruda and the García Márquez of One Hundred Years of Solitude (see HLAS 40:7898): “The rustler LÁZARO OJEDA passed naked with the cowhide like a cape rotting on his shoulders.” [SFW]

1886 Bazzett, Michael. The Popol vuh: a new English version. Translated from the K’iche by Michael Bazzett. Minneapolis, Minn.: Milkweed Editions, 2018. 265 p.: bibl. The New York Times named this new verse translation of the classic Mayan K’iche’ texts among best poetry collections of 2018. Award-winning translator Michael Bazzett worked with previous translations into English by Dennis Tedlock, Allen J. Christenson and others, and from the modern source of what had been an oral narrative—Dominican friar Francisco Ximénez’s early 18th-century transcript and accompanying Spanish translation of a secret (now lost) written version in K’iche’ that Ximénez was shown by Indigenous parishioners. In his introduction, Bazzett briefly clarifies the text’s complicated provenance. But he also makes clear that this is no annotated academic version: his intended goal in the translation is “a lucid poem that the modern reader can enter.” Bazzett’s clear, straightforward, and “limpid” (NY Times, 10 Dec. 2018) choices communicate the narrative

Literature: Translations from Spanish: Poetry / 493 while preserving the strangeness of its origin for the contemporary reader. Besides the NY Times, this translation was reviewed in the Wall Street Journal, (1 Feb. 2019) and other popular media, where it generally received favorable treatment for Bazzett’s language, though it received more tempered praise in academic journals. In the interest of delivering a tight narrative, Bazzett does not include a long disquisition on Mayan genealogy that forms the second part. [J.M. Price]

1887 Behar, Ruth. Everything I kept = Todo lo que guardé. Illustrated by Rolando Estevez. Chicago, Ill.: Swan Isle Press, 2018. 99 p.: ill. Born in Havana in 1956, Ruth Behar and her family emigrated after the Cuban Revolution to the US, where she was educated at Wesleyan University and Princeton University. She was the fi rst Latina to receive a MacArthur Foundation fellowship in 1988 and was also supported by the Guggenheim Foundation. She currently teaches in the Department of Anthropology at the University of Michigan (Ann Arbor). Her recent books, which examine her JewishCuban heritage, include An Island Called Home: Returning to Jewish Cuba (2007; see HLAS 68:1185) and Traveling Heavy: A Memoir in Between Journeys (2013). Everything I Kept is Behar’s fi rst book of poetry in the US, a bilingual edition written in Spanish and English by the author herself. The poems were originally published in Spanish in Matanzas, Cuba, in 2001. In an “Author’s Note,” Behar says the following: “That small edition of my poems has been out of circulation for a long time. It seemed like a good moment to give those old poems a new home. But rereading the poems, after twenty years, I found ways that I thought they could be improved. I have ended up revising almost all of them, in one way or another, enriching the language and deepening the emotions conveyed, while still trying to maintain the spirit of the original bilingual edition. In that sense, these are new poems.” Behar also acknowledges the encouragement of her Chilean friend Marjorie Agosín, who also has done extensive research on Jewish Latina writing. In “Prayer,” Behar describes the echoes of the diaspora in the quotidian act of entering her

home: “And when I open the door, I hear many keys clanging, the keys my ancestors stubbornly took with them to their exile.” [SFW]

1888 Bernal, Facundo. A stab in the dark. Translated by Anthony Seidman. Foreword by Yxta Maya Murray. Introductions by Josh Kun and Gabriel Trujillo Muñoz. Edited by Boris Dralyuk. Los Angeles, Calif.: The Los Angeles Review of Books, 2018. 272 p.: bibl., index, 1 portrait. (LARB classics) Journalist and poet Facundo Bernal (1883, Hermosillo, Sonora–1962) was a pioneer writer and poet in many ways: he was one of the fi rst to write about Los Angeles as a literary subject; he was one of the fi rst to compose poetry in a mixture of Spanish and Caló, the argot later associated with Pachucos and Chicanos. He was one of the fi rst to write about the border region between Mexico and the US. This is the fi rst translation of his one book of poetry, the wonderful, satirical, penetrating Palos de ciego (1923). Bernal composed the poetry while living in exile in Los Angeles after receiving death threats in Mexico for his journalism. (He fi rst crossed into Los Angeles in 1913). The poetry is witty, cutting, includes multiple layers of wordplay, and confidently blends high and low culture in sophisticated ways that contemporary readers will recognize. Yet, as Josh Kun, in his useful introduction points out, this important work “is nowhere to be found in accounts of LA literary history.” While Kun situates the book in the formation of the border and massive changes in the 20th century, a separate introduction by Mexican writer and critic Gabriel Trujillo Muñoz situates Bernal in the context of Mexican politics and letters. Translator Anthony Seidman deftly handles the nonstandard Spanish and wordplay by infusing the English with traces of the original, thus communicating the complicated layering of the original border poetry. “Seidman’s inventive translation recovers Bernal’s essential work from a historical and geographical margin” (Asymptote Fortnightly Airmail, Postcard One). [JMP] 1889 Bustos, Miguel Ángel. Vision of the children of evil. Translated by Lucina Schell. Normal, Ill.: co·im·press, 2018. 304 p.

494 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Vision of the Children of Evil rescues from oblivion the work of Miguel Ángel Bustos, who was born in Argentina in 1932 and became a prominent writer of his generation in the 1960s. In the biographical information on Bustos, one learns that, tragically, he was arrested by the military police during the Dirty War and, for decades, remained among the disappeared: “In 2014, Bustos’s remains were identified by forensic anthropologists. It is now known that he was executed by fi ring squad on June 20, 1976.” This collection, in a bilingual format with an excellent “Translator’s Note” by Lucina Schell, represents two key works by Bustos published in 1965 and 1967. Schell, logically, compares Bustos to his celebrated generational compatriot Juan Gelman (1930–2014), and speculates as to what might have happened to the evolution and appreciation of Bustos’ work had his life not been truncated at such an early age. According to Schell, “In his attempt to rewrite the history of the Spanish conquest and recover and celebrate what was lost, Bustos initiates a literary descent into hell in the great tradition of the poètes maudits.” This is poetry that certainly invokes the spirit of Rimbaud and Nerval, though it is transmogrified by means of a mystical awareness of Amerindian culture. In “History of the Nazca Valley: Preliminary Notes to a Sixteenth-Century Manuscript,” Bustos writes: “We were happy with our flowers. But we tore them up until most of the valley was left bare. Then we drew a message with birds and tigers over the hard ground. A message of love and desire but the sons of heaven did not descend. These lines you see here and that stretch beyond your gaze are our message that was not heard.” [SFW]

1890 García Blanco, Reynaldo. Otros campos de belleza armada = Other fields of armed beauty. Translated by Margaret Randall. Santa Fe, N.M.: Red Mountain Press, 2018. 93 p. No one knows more about contemporary Cuban poetry than translator Margaret Randall, editor of the anthology Only the Road = Solo el camino: Eight Decades of Cuban Poetry (2016). Here Randall brings us the seasoned voice of Reynaldo García Blanco (born in Sancti Spiritus, Cuba, in

1962) with her English versions of Campos de belleza armada, originally published in 2007. There is a playful, profoundly allusive spirit at work throughout the book, beginning with the fi rst poem, “Alfonsina y el bar,” in which a woman with the same name as the Argentine poet who famously walked into the ocean to die comes “at night to cry/where men show up to laugh at death/and the beginning of spring.” There are surprises and jarring juxtapositions. For example, as a translator of the selected poems of Gastón Baquero (1918–97), I thought it was initially strange to see the Cuban poet who lived for decades in Spanish exile paired with Thelonius Monk and a great jazz classic. But somehow this freewheeling double homage to writer and musician works: “Will we know everything tomorrow? Will we need a government of light? We don’t know. The musicians are coming. They come with trumpets. They come with a tenor sax and a soprano sax. They come with their drums and white shirts and ties the color of sky. Let’s get down off the piano Gastón Baquero. We are far from the Island. There are no limes and Thelonius Monk is about to play Brilliant Corners.” [SFW]

1891 Gelman, Juan. Today = Hoy. Translated by Lisa Rose Bradford. Normal, Ill.: co·im·press, 2018. 288 p. Today is the fi fth book by Juan Gelman (1930–2014) that translator Lisa Rose Bradford has made available to the English-speaking reader. She establishes her credibility from the very fi rst sentence of her comprehensive and illuminating introduction to this volume called “Poetics of Unease”: “Poetry is a curse, an obsession,” Juan Gelman once told me, “It’s a horse that gallops on your chest.” In addition to affi rming a direct collaboration with the poet she is translating, Bradford places herself fi rmly in an Argentine context, saying that “she teaches Comparative Literature at the Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata and raises horse and cattle in Madariaga, Argentina.” This scenario is reminscent of Jack Schmitt, the legendary translator of Neruda and Zurita, who was an expert tango dancer and fisher of trout in the wild rivers of southern Chile. Bradford is particularly adept at giving readers what they need to appreciate the personal as well as the gen-

Literature: Translations from Spanish: Poetry / 495 eral sociopolitical milieu of Gelman’s work and how they combine in terms of the poet’s exile during the years of the Guerra Sucia and the 2011 sentencing of those who murdered the poet’s son, Marcelo, during the Videla military dictatorship. This reality is part of the poetry that Bradford characterizes as “insomniac inventories of reckoning, which reflects a rawness, an uncurried surge to get it all down.” The bilingual format (English fi rst) running on each page of these short texts makes it easy for the reader to compare the translation and the original. Understandably, there is an obsessive quality to Gelman’s poetry as it continuously returns to the source of pain, seeking solace and speculative answers to the ineffable, as in this poem dedicated to Marcelo: “The poem longs to mislead time, and grief comes round to quash it. If it were to listen to whatever flees from the door, if the imperfect light were to bear your book, betray this pain, hear your repose, if the dawn were to stumble upon the tree that once gave you shelter, if you could just come home one of these evenings.” For a review of the original Spanish, see HLAS 74:2225. [SFW]

1892 González, Wingston. No budu please. Translated by Urayoán Noel. Brooklyn, N.Y.: Ugly Duckling Presse 2018. 24 p. This proverbial “slim volume” of poetry in a dual language, double-book format is a welcome introduction to a worthy new voice in Latin American literature with its multi-ethnic roots. However, the work would be improved if this small press had provided additional context to the Englishspeaking reader in the form of biographical and critical information on this poet. From searching the internet, one fi nds that González was born in 1986 in Livingston, Guatemala, on the Caribbean coast in a region known for its rich mix of Garifuna, Afro-Caribbean, Maya, and ladino cultures, and that this Guatemalan poet received the X Premio Mesoamericano de Poesía “Luis Cardoza y Aragón” in 2015. Whose responsibility is it to provide a brief synthesis of this material that will defi nitely illuminate the reading of this brief selection of poetry that draws on Afro-Caribbean forms of speech and rhythms? The publisher, the translator, and the author should strive to make the publication a complete, self-contained refer-

ence, incorporating this type of information instead of leaving the reader to seek it out. The reader and the reviewer should insist on this obligation. In his translation of “Or da Word of God,” Urayoán Noel attempts to recreate a pseudo-Creole speech to reflect the rich linguistic and cultural variations of the original: “no budu please/no chugu please/no palo mayombe/no Garinagu please/no no no. pawer/ eksploits me. Da matter of /power. A glacial council/of men denies me: mama/garifuna buguya. Youre not/da sunna man.” For a review of this work by the poetry specialist, see item 1613. [SFW]

1893 Hernández, Elvira. The Chilean flag. Translated by Alec Schumacher. Introduction by Cecilia Vicuña. Chicago, Ill.: Kenning Editions, 2019. 71 p. In 1983, the year I lived in Chile doing the research for the bilingual anthology Poets of Chile: 1965–1985 (see HLAS 48:5746), a clandestine samizdat manuscript of La bandera de Chile circulated with caution among the younger writers. I associated it immediately with La nueva novela (1977), the avant-garde, genre-bending publication by Chilean Juan Luis Martínez (1942–93) that contained a transparent Chilean flag through which could be read “libro condenado” (condemned book) on the following page. At that time, in Chile, this was a dangerous tactic. Elvira Hernández is the pen name of María Teresa Adriasola, the shadowy author of La bandera de Chile, which was written in 1981 and eventually published in Buenos Aires in 1991—as the translator of this bilingual edition, Alec Schumacher, points out in his excellent preface. According to Schumacher, “the flag, as a polyvalent symbol, is able to allude to the violation of the country by the dictatorship as well as the torture, abuse, and sexual violation suffered by victims of political violence.” A chilling silence and sadness permeates this long meditation composed of fragments bound by sheer will in the mind of someone able to distance herself from her only-too-real nightmare in Chile’s history that continues to recede in time: “The battles of the Chilean flag are losing remembrance/what was won and lost are fading in the writing/its flag bearers seem invisible ink.” [SFW]

496 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76

1894 Lima, Robert. Elementals: poetry. Georgetown, Ky.: Finishing Line Press, 2019. 115 p. Robert Lima (b. 1935) is a CubanAmerican poet and academic who taught Spanish and Comparative Literatures for many years at Pennsylvania State University. He has published dozens of literary studies (with a special interest in the works of Lorca, Valle-Inclán, and Borges) and hundreds of poems, which he composes in both Spanish and English. Elementals is a gathering of nearly 100 poems that Lima wrote in English and organized thematically in four different “Books” of Earth, Air, Fire, and Water. The volume closes with the section “Post-Texts: the Elements Unified,” in which the poem “Folklore” concludes: “The elemental cycle/forms a mutual bond/ between all things that are/and others yet to be.” [SFW] 1895 Marimón Rodríguez, Yanira. Contemplación vs. acto. Translated by Margaret Randall. Santa Fe, N.M.: Red Mountain Press, 2017. 54 p. Yanira Marimón (born in Matanzas, Cuba, in 1971) has published poetry as well as children’s novels. Contemplación vs. acto, originally published in 2009, won the José Jacinto Milanés Prize and the National Literary Criticism Prize. One common theme uniting a number of poems rendered in English by Margaret Randall (an expert in all things Cuban) in this bilingual, en face-style edition, is the power of the human mind to imagine political exile in distant places. In “One Day in 1980,” for example, the poet says, “She only wanted to go to a different place/colder/far from so much light shining in her eyes/feel the nostalgia of exile.” The psychological consequences of leaving, however, are part of a self-destructive desire to “be truly sad/apart/a weightless autumn leaf.” In a similar manner, in “Nation,” the poet wonders what it would be like “to imagine your greens/from a place of snow’s absurd white.” The contrast to becoming a foreigner far from one’s country of origin is to meet a foreigner in one’s native land and observe as that person, camera in hand. The poem “Ineptitude of the Lens” seeks to document the poverty around the author as she says in English: “Misery too is worthy of being eternalized.” [SFW]

1896 Montalbetti, Mario. Language is a revolver for two. Translated by Clare Sullivan. Brooklyn, N.Y.: Ugly Duckling Presse, 2018. 30 p. Mario Montalbetti is a Peruvian poet (b. 1953) who was educated at the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP) in Lima and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the US. He currently teaches in the Department of Linguistics at the University of Arizona. He is the author of 10 books of poetry, including Perro negro (see HLAS 44:5707), Fin desierto y otros poemas (1995), and Apolo cupisnique (see HLAS 72:2347). El lenguaje es un revólver para dos was fi rst published in Lima in 2008 and, 10 years later, in an edition in Buenos Aires. This information may not be entirely necessary to appreciate this important author’s work. However, it does allow the English-speaking reader to situate the author in a particular country and in a generation of writers and cultural activities. In order to be respectful and responsible, the publisher and the translator should at least provide a brief bio-bibliographical note in the published volumes on the author. One of the most appealing poems in the book is “Goal and Object of a Poem,” which concludes: “Every poem ends the same way./Smashed to bits against a dark hillside/that wasn’t in the charts./Later they fi nd the wreckage: the fuselage,/the tail as always, intact,/the smell of something scorched consumed by fi re./ But not a word survives.” [SFW] 1897 Montealegre Denueda, María Augusta. El país de las calles sin nombre. Traducción de Stacey Alba Skar Hawkins. Miami, Fla.: Latin Review Editors, 2017. 117 p. (Coleccíon. Serie Poesía; 1 = Collection Tupí or not tupí. Poetry Series; 1) María Augusta Montealegre (b. 1967) is from Chinandega, Nicaragua. She studied in Mexico, Austria, and the US, and completed her PhD at the Universidad de Salamanca with a thesis directed by Carmen Ruiz Barrionuevo on Nicaraguan poet Salomón de la Selva (1893–1959) entitled Ideas estéticas y políticas de las vanguardias en Nicaragua (1918–1933) (published in 2016). El país de las calles sin nombre was fi rst published in 2014. Her second book of poetry is La oración que Efraín nos enseñó. In an introductory note, the author

Literature: Translations from Spanish: Poetry / 497 explains that the title of Where the Streets Have No Name is linked to a song by the Irish pop group U2 as well as to a comment that Hillary Clinton made during a brief visit to Nicaragua in October 1995. In his preface, Nicaragua’s foremost literary critic, Jorge Eduardo Arellano, situates the poetry of Montealegre in a Nicaraguan as well as Hispanic American context: “She pays homage to the master of spells and incantations, Ernesto Mejía Sánchez. She does not overlook Vallejo’s enduring mark or Monterroso’s craftmanship of minifiction.” There are also homages or intertextual dialogues with the Nicaraguan poet and author of El jaguar y la luna = The Jaguar & the Moon (see HLAS 40:7861) Pablo Antonio Cuadra in “Jamming with Guitars” and, in “Unnamed,” with the founder and godfather of the vanguardista movement in Nicaragua, José Coronel Urtecho, who lived on a farm near the river that forms the border between Nicaragua and Costa Rica: “Ah, and you dreaming your river/with your three paper mache caravels/and a canal that does not unite them.” The pursuit throughout Nicaraguan history of an interoceanic canal, most recently in the failed attempt by an obscure businessman named Wang Jing in conjunction with the Nicaraguan dictator Daniel Ortega leads Montealegre to the following reflection: “We were millions of canal concessions/Millions of maps and millions of routes/now in the hands of a Chinese man.” This ecocidal proposal would have created a biological dead zone in Lake Cocibolca, a theme that Montealegre treats with irony and sarcasm in the poem “On How to Assassinate the Sweet Sea”: “Let’s kill the lake and we won’t be poor.” [SFW]

1898 Odio, Eunice. The fi re’s journey. Part III, The cathedral’s work. Translated by Keith Ekiss with Sonia P. Ticas and Mauricio Espinoza. Portland, Ore.: Tavern Books, 2018. 207 p. Eunice Odio (1919–74) was the pen name of Catalina Mariel. (There is a typographical error with regard to the Costa Rican author’s date of birth on the book’s back cover.) This work originally appeared in El Salvador as El tránsito de fuego in 1957. Odio’s complete works were published in three volumes by the Universidad de Costa

Rica in 1996. Tavern Books has an ongoing commitment to bringing Odio’s poetry to an English-speaking public. Unfortunately, they are doing so in monolingual editions, relying on a translator who provides sparse background information on Odio as a Latin American author who was born in a time of transition in the early 20th century that fi nally permitted at least some women authors to be heard—the most important antecedent, of course, being the Chilean poet Gabriela Mistral (1889–1957), the fi rst Latin American to win the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1945. Ekiss’ introduction to this theatrical or operatic piece with different classical figures speaking either in brief dialogues with great rhetorical flourish or longer soliloquies consists entirely of plot summary that resembles program notes meant to orient an audience before a staged performance. As Odio writes: “Oh, Cathedral, oh palace of fl ight!/Oh, edifice on its journey through dawn!/By day, we have found your earth and laurels;/it was chosen among all the grounds,/among all the territories/to serve as a stage and border for the angels.” For a review of Part I, Integration of the parents, see HLAS 72:2707. For a review of Part II, Creation of myself, see HLAS 72:2708. [SFW]

1899 Ponce, Liliana. Diary. Translated by Michael Martin Shea. Brooklyn, N.Y.: Ugly Duckling Presse, 2018. 26 p. Ugly Duckling Presse does not include bio-bibliographical descriptions of the authors (or translators) in books they publish. Certainly, there is an editorial process involved in the selection of poets published by the press, and perhaps written communication between the publisher and the translator. Reproducing some of this context, along with providing basic information about the poet, would be extremely helpful in making any new voice from Latin America resonate more fully with readers in the English-speaking world. That said, there is much to praise in this bilingual edition of 20 short poems by Liliana Ponce, born in Buenos Aires in 1950. Ponce is the author of Trama continua (1976), Composición (1984), Fudekara (2008; see HLAS 68:2376), and Paseante y huésped (2016). The poems in Diary are excerpted from Teoría de la voz y el sueño, which fi rst appeared in 2001.

498 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 In an interview with the poet by Rolando Revagliatti, one learns of Ponce’s abiding interest in the poetry and religions of Japan, especially Buddhism. Understanding this background, the reader sees how Japanese poetry’s treatment of the fleeting qualities of life and the cyclical nature of the seasons permeate the poems in Diary: “Summer overwhelms with the certainty of movement, from which pleasure, to slow time, turns us to elusive birds. The human is annulled. The prudence of the trees—their vibrations please the silence, mixing it with solar vines.” [SFW]

1900 Ruiz Montes, Laura. Diapositivas = Transparencies. Traducción al inglés de Margaret Randall. Santa Fe, N.M.: Red Mountain Press, 2017. 107 p. Cuban poet Laura Ruiz Montes was born in Matanzas in 1966 and is the author of more than 10 books of prose, plays, and poetry, including Otro retorno al país natal, which won the Premio de la Crítica Literaria in Cuba in 2012. She also was the recipient of the prestigious Premio UNEAC (2016). Translator Margaret Randall included poems by Ruiz Montes in the monumental anthology Only the Road/Sólo el camino: Eight Decades of Cuban Poetry (2016). The bilingual en face format of the Red Mountain Press publication includes an insightful “Foreword” by Randall in which she succinctly expresses the major themes of this collection: “Ruiz Montes is concerned with the idea of patria, what we might call nation. She works with imagery that refuses to allow the Cuba she has known since childhood to disappear from her poetic map.” Indeed, as the title of the book in Spanish suggests, her poems are transparent slides that preserve the past and juxtapose it with images from everyday life in contemporary Cuba. In “Readings,” for example, Ruiz Montes, who works as a publisher, talks about her personal “desperate library”: “Terrifying are the shelves/where paragraphs by the original author/mix with dedications/ written in books/entrusted to you/by those who left,/never to return.” [SFW] 1901 Sánchez, José Eugenio. Here the sun’s for real. Translated by Anna Rosenwong. Bloomington, Ind.: Autumn Hill Books, 2018. 100 p.

From the back of the book, we learn that this author reads his poetry with a rock band called Un País Cayendo a Pedazos (A Country Falling Apart). They have an album called por ahí no es amor (how would Anna Rosenwong translate that?). The album is on the Spotify audio streaming service. And it’s good. One of the songs is “La Felicidad es una Pistola Caliente.” At least I could hear the Spanish. The Beatles? Well, Sánchez was born in Guadalajara in 1965, so he’s been around for a while. But why did Autumn Hill Books publish this English-only edition? The poet’s new bilingual readers would appreciate having access to the original language as well. At the book fairs on the Paseo de Recoletos in Madrid, one may encounter jewels like the songs of Lou Reed, Jimi Hendrix, or Jim Morrison in nice bilingual editions from Espiral/Fundamentos. That’s how you do it! Sánchez/Rosenwong say in “happiness is a warm gun” that “the us army killed thousands of dangerous old people and children/from korea japan vietnam nicaragua panama iraq yugoslavia/and 140 in a building in Oklahoma”. How does that message fit with the biographical note that says “in 2006, he was invited by the U.S. State Department to participate in the University of Iowa’s International Writing Program”? It’s just one of the strange ironies of life. [SFW]

1902 Vicuña, Cecilia. New and selected poems of Cecilia Vicuña. Edited and translated by Rosa Acalá et al. Introduction by Daniel Borzutzky. Berkeley, Calif.: Kelsey Street Press, 2018. 361 p.: bibl., ill. This large-format, handsomely edited bilingual volume that presents some 50 years of her work is how the Chilean poet, conceptual artist, and fi lmmaker Cecilia Vicuña (born in Santiago in 1948) wishes to be remembered. The book was edited and translated (in part) by Rosa Acalá, who teaches in the MFA program at the University of Texas-El Paso. Because the anthology draws on works published over a long period of time, beginning in the late 1960s when Vicuña was part of a group called Tribu No, there is a team of well-known translators involved in this edition that includes Suzanne Jill Levine, Eliot Weinberger, Esther Allen, and others. The b/w photographs of hands, threads, and landscapes under environmen-

Literature: Translations from Spainsh: Brief Fiction / 499 tal threat help convey the importance of Vicuña as a performance artist beyond the limits of the printed page. In his introduction, Daniel Borzutzsky describes a site-specific performance at the Poetry Foundation in Chicago: “I saw Cecilia Vicuña perform a few weeks ago. She tied us up.” I remember a presentation Vicuña gave in Seville, Spain, as a threading together of the audience, yes, but with the purpose of creating an Amerindian Andean purification ritual to rid the space of the spirits of the conquistadors virtually in the shadow of the Archivo General de Indias. Vicuña often employs words in Quechua as emblems of resistance in her written work. The book includes a section of “Excerpts from Performance Transcripts” in an attempt to recreate the dynamic qualities of the poet’s public presence. The lifetime of cultural activity collected in these pages reveals that, for Vicuña, writing is a sacred, intimate activity akin to weaving: “Gold/ is your thread/of prayer/Temple/of forever/ threading eyelet/Your house built/from the same/braid/Weave on.” Though in terms of this last line, one would prefer the informal maternal encouragement of the original Spanish: “Teja mijita/no más.” [SFW] Brief Fiction

1903 Baudoin, Magela. Sleeping dragons. Translated from the Spanish by Wendy Burk and Michèle-Jessica Fièvre. First English language edition. Tucson, Ariz.: Schaffner Press, 2018. 137 p. First English translation of a work by contemporary Bolivian author Magela Baudoin. Titled La composición de la sal (2014) in Spanish, this is a collection of 15 short, open-ended, and seemingly unconnected short stories about everyday life, which appear to be “innocent” and clear, but hide as much as they reveal. One of the stories, “Mengele in Love” explores the bizarre relationship between a chambermaid in a luxurious hotel and her sister. In the twopage introduction to the English edition, Argentinian critic Alberto Manguel notes: “We come to the last page of a Baudoin story and we ask ourselves, what exactly just happened?” In his review, Nicholas Litchifield describes Baudoin’s writing as distinctive and “critically appealing” because of “ her eloquence and subtlety, and her willing-

ness to leave things unsaid.” He notes the stories are “largely ominous and somber in tone,” concise and intelligent: “Oftentimes, Baudoin focuses on one character and one singular event, and during the course of the narrative, the author vaguely discloses details about her character’s past, revealing painful memories, fears, and discontentment” (Colorado Review). The Spanish collection won the 2015 Gabriel García Márquez Spanish-American Short Story Prize. Magela Baudoin is a journalist, writer, and professor who lives in La Paz, Bolivia. Throughout her 20 years in journalism, she has published articles, reports, interviews, and columns in various newspapers and print media. She was awarded the Bolivian National Novel Prize for El sonido de la H. She is the founder and coordinator of the Creative Writing program at the Private University of Santa Cruz. Translator Wendy Burk is the author of Tree Talks: Southern Arizona (Delete Press) and translator of two poetry collections by Tedi López Mills, Against the Current (Phoneme Media) and While Light Is Built (Kore Press). She received the NEA National Endowment for the Arts Translation Projects Fellowship in 2013. Michele-Jessica (M.J.) Fièvre is the founding editor of Sliver of Stone Magazine and the author of A Sky the Color of Chaos (Beating Windward, 2015). She serves as a project manager for Logan Masterworks (Art, Writing, & Translation), working closely with various US publishers and literary organizations such as the Miami Book Fair. M.J. translates from and into English, French, Spanish, and Haitian Creole. [MCG]

1904 Bogotá 39: new voices from Latin America. Introduction by Gaby Wood. Edited by Juliet Mabey. London, England: Oneworld, 2018. 316 p.: map. This anthology of contemporary Latin American literature is a translation of the Spanish-language Bogotá 39 (2017), which in turn is an offshoot of a “Bogotá 39” selection compiled around the Hay Festival, published as part of the 2007 Bogotá World Book Capital event, which featured then-emerging names of now well-known authors, such as Juan Gabriel Vásquez, Alejandro Zambra, Wendy Guerra, and Junot Díaz. The collection showcases short stories and novel excerpts by 39 contemporary Latin American

500 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 authors from 15 countries; including Carlos Manuel Álvarez, Frank Báez, Natalia Borjes Polesso, Giuseppe Caputo, Juan Cárdenas, Mauro Javier Cárdenas, María José Caro, Martín Felipe Castagnet, Liliana Colanzi, Jaun Esteban Constaín, Lolita Copacabana, Gonzalo Eltesch, Diego Erlon, Daniel Ferreira, Carlos Fonseca, Camián González Bertolino, Sergio Gutiérrez Negrón, Gabriela Jauregui, Laia Jufresa, Mauro Libertella, Brenda Lozano, Valeria Luiselli, Alan Mills, Emiliano Monge, Mónica Ojeda, Eduardo Plaza, Eduardo Rabasa, Felipe Restrepo Pombo, Juan Manuel Robles, Cristian Romero, Juan Pablo Roncone, Daniel Saldaña París, Samanta Schweblin, Jesús Miguel Soto, Luciana Sousa, Mariana Torres, Valentín Trujillo, Claudio Ulloa Donoso, Diego Zúñiga. Some of these appear here in English for the fi rst time, while others (e.g., Luiselli and Schweblin) are already wellknown, award-winning writers who enjoy international recognition. The selection, widely diverse in style and themes, was made based on suggestions from authors included in the inaugural publication and from publishers, writers, and literary critics, and the fi nal selection was made by judges Darío Jaramillo (Colombia), Leila Guerriero (Argentina) and Carmen Boullosa (México). The stories were translated by various translators, among then Daniel Hahn, Christina MacSweeney, and Megan McDowell. The volume opens with a map indicating where each author or authors are from, which is followed by a brief introduction by Gaby Wood, literary director of the Booker Prize foundation. [MCG]

Gaspar,” “The Houseguest,” “Fragment of a Diary,” “The Cell,” “Musique Concrète,” “Oscar,” “End of a Struggle,” “Tina Reyes,” “The Breakfast,” “The Last Summer,” and “The Funeral.” Only one of these, “Moses and Gaspar,” had already been published in English—it appeared in the Paris Review. This is an extremely timely translation of a classic, particularly given the context and the wealth of contemporary writing in sci-fi, speculative fiction, horror, and “New Weird.” “Domestic noir is in vogue now,” says Sylvia Moreno García in her NPR review, talking about the strength of noir fiction by women being published today. And she further remarks that, “Though Dávila’s stories take place in Mexico, they do not work as ethnography. Readers wanting folkloric tales or tour guides into another country won’t fi nd that in these minimalist episodes. In fact, readers might be jarringly surprised to fi nd that the Mexico in this collection is not the world of narcos, poverty, and sugar skulls which the media has led them to believe in. Dávila’s protagonists are members of the Mexican bourgeoisie. They have cooks, maids, French perfumes, and English cashmere suits” (“Unseen Forces Menace ‘The Houseguest.’” NPR, 24 Nov. 2018). Dávila, who is often compared with Poe and Kafka, won the Xavier Villarrutia Award in 1977 for her short story collection Árboles petrificados, she was honored with México’s Medalla Bellas Artes in 2015, and there is now a literary prize in her honor for the best story within the genre, the Premio Bellas Artes del Cuento Fantástico Amparo Dávila. [MCG]

1905 Dávila, Amparo. The houseguest and other stories. Translated from the Spanish by Audrey Harris and Matthew Gleeson. New York, N.Y.: New Directions, 2018. 122 p. A master of Latin American horror fiction but little known internationally, Mexican Amparo Dávila (1928–2020) is considered a pioneer of the genre. Her work is currently being “rediscovered,” and this is the English translation of the volume Cuentos reunidos (Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2009), which is a compilation of short stories written by Dávila from 1950s-70s. This beautifully plain ND paperback edition includes 12 short stories: “Moses and

1906 Flores, Paulina. Humiliation. Translated by Megan McDowell. New York, N.Y.: Catapult, 2019. 272 p. This debut short story collection, fi rst published in Spanish as Qué vergüenza (2015), won the Roberto Bolaño Award. It is not hard to see the stories as metaphor or even synecdoche for the barriers everyday people face to social or economic advancement in contemporary Chile (or many other Latin American countries). A persistent theme is a discrepancy between characters’ hopes and ambitions, on the one hand, and the often-demeaning treatment they receive—giving rise to the phenomenon that the late cultural critic Lauren Berlant

Literature: Translations from Spainsh: Brief Fiction / 501 called cruel optimism, “when something you desire is actually an obstacle to your flourishing.” In the award-winning story that gives the collection its title, an out-ofwork man seeking a job at an employment office is humiliated in front of his girls when the potential employer—who may be a con man—expresses more interest in the man’s young daughters than in him. Throughout the collection, men are laid off, youth languish in unfulfi lled dreams, young girls watch their fathers undergo shameful or debasing treatment. Gender relations are at stake: men in these stories do not fulfi ll their own and others’ expectations for male achievement, “dreaming up plans that would never come to fruition” as one character sums up their future. Children experience frustrating ennui and boredom. Paulina Flores (b. 1988), is fierce and unsparing in her portrait of contemporary life like many other authors of her generation, such as Samantha Schweblin. [JMP]

1907 Ocampo, Silvina. Forgotten journey. Translated by Suzanne Jill Levine and Katie Lateef-Jan. San Francisco, Calif.: City Lights Books, 2019. 125 p. The cult master Argentine short story writer Silvina Ocampo (1903–93) is receiving belated, but well-deserved recognition through two recent translations into English of her works: the novel The promise and the short story collection Forgotten journey—both of which have been well received and widely reviewed. The latter bears the name of one of the short stories in the collection, “El viaje olvidado,” the story of a girl who struggles to recall the events of her birth in order to remember her identity. It is a generous paperback that includes 28 short stories that appeared in Ocampo’s fi rst published book (1937). Ocampo’s stories are recognizable for their distinct narrative style, often described as surrealist; they are are often economical, at times minimal, accounts, often fantastical and zeroing in “the horrors of everyday life,” as Alberto Manguel notes. They are, distinctively, about the lives of women, often young women, “Her characters are confronted by sudden realizations and uncanny situations. There is a house of sickly children, a ranch plagued by “the cries of strange birds,” and a blue knit cardigan that makes its wearer

feel the overwhelming difficulty of the world. Nothing is quite as it seems; even the dead are perhaps patiently waiting to take their next breath. [. . .] Ocampo writes relationships between women and girls fraught with tension” (Claire Mullen, LARB, Dec. 2019). In her foreword to the English edition, titled “Silvina, Faithful to the Imagination,” Carmen Boullosa describes Ocampo’s intellectual life and her participation in the so-called Sur group along with her sister Victoria: “Silvina was part of a magical circle whose nucleus was formed by Jorge Luis Borges and, among others, the younger man who would become her husband, Adolfo Bioy Casares. Each member of this circle created his or her own works, and also worked in collaboration” (p. xiii). Ocampo published several books of short stories after this fi rst collection and became a central figure in Argentine literature during her lifetime—she was awarded Argentina’s National Poetry Prize. This translation of El viaje olvidado is a timely addition to the current landscape of Latin American women’s writing, it brings into English one of the pioneers of the fiction genre and puts her in conversation with the myriad of contemporary women writers whose themes and style share affinities. It is also one of a number of recent publications of “previously untranslated writers [who] are experiencing a moment in the spotlight, which has led to the work of many female authors”—such as Mexican writer Amparo Dávila (Mullen, LARB, Dec. 2019). Forgotten journey is one of the recent collaborative translations done by renowned translator of Latin American literature Suzanne Jill Levine. In this instance, she worked with Katie Lateef-Jan. [MCG]

1908 Onetti, Juan Carlos. A dream come true: the collected stories of Juan Carlos Onetti. Translated from the Spanish by Katherine Silver. First Archipelago Books edition. Brooklyn, N.Y.: Archipelago Books, 2019. 547 p. Archipelago Books brings to Englishlanguage readers this beautiful, generous collection by a master short-story writer, the Uruguayan Juan Carlos Onetti (1909–94). This is the fi rst volume gathering the entire body of Onetti’s short fiction into English. Onetti’s “existential works chronicle the

502 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 decay of modern urban life. The protagonists of his novels lead unhappy, isolated lives in an absurd and sordid world from which they can escape only through memories, fantasies, or death” (Britannica Encyclopedia entry). As indicated in Edmund White’s review, “Silence and solitude are recurring elements in the work of Onetti (1909–94), who developed, over the course of the 20th century, an increasingly innovative and idiosyncratic literary style often described as some combination of Dashiell Hammett, William Faulkner, Jean-Paul Sartre, and Albert Camus.” (“Existential Noir: On the Fiction of Juan Carlos Onetti.” Harper’s, Jan. 2020). The volume features 50 short stories, in chronological order, delicately translated by well-known translator Katherine Silver, whose brief introduction opens the book. In the context of translation of Latin American writing, this collection was overdue: “After many years of neglect in the Englishspeaking world, most of Onetti’s novels have since been translated, but until now there has been no complete edition of his stories in English.” In this “standout collection,” in which the author “masterfully depicts the seedy disillusionment of characters in a South American backwater. . . There is a hint of Conrad in these misty tales that plunge beyond ‘bare facts’ and conjure up a world suffused with misanthropy and meditative irony” (Publishers Weekly, 1 Nov. 2019). A Dream Come True is “a welcome, overdue collection by a writer well deservirng of his place in the Latin American canon.” (Kirkus Reviews, Sept. 2019). Nobel Prize-winner Mario Vargas Llosa described Onetti as “one of the great modern writers, not only in Latin America.” He published short stories and novels, and most of his fiction took place in Santa María, a mythical, fictional town. This was the setting for El astillero, Juntacadáveres, La vida breve, and other of his narrative fiction works. Onetti was awarded the Cervantes Prize in 1980 and the Rodó Prize in 1991. However, as noted in the New Yorker piece by Jonathan Blitzer (“The Tender Stories of Juan Carlos Onetti, a Lost Giant of Latin American Literature,” Nov. 2019) “Onetti never received the international recognition of his peers, such as Julio Cortázar, Gabriel García Márquez, and Mario Vargas Llosa, who all admired him. Some of that was the result

of his inscrutable personality. Onetti was taciturn and reclusive, and he avoided political causes. But there was a literary reason for his obscurity, too. His novels can be hard to read, and harder still to translate.” Given that “Onetti thrived in shorter forms,” this fi rst major English translation of his collected stories “brings the author’s talents into full view.” (Blitzer, op cit.). [MCG]

1909 Salamanca, Elena. La familia o el olvido = Family or oblivion. Translation by Alexandra Lytton Regalado. San Salvador: Editorial Kalina, 2017. 105 p.: ill. A hybrid collection of poems and short stories by the Salvadoran Elena Salamanca (b. 1982), centering on women and their experiences. The author describes it as “a fi ligree, a delicate interweaving of both poetry and prose featuring multiple women: girls, mothers, aunts, grandmothers, saints, girlfriends, widows (starving women), women who are fed up, women who bury or are buried, women who cage birds and are those same birds, women fi lled with oblivion, women so empty that they levitate. These women thread, needle, unravel knots, weave and embroider these fi ligrees that tell a story of life in this city with no name, no memory, pulled down by the weight of yearning and emptiness.” Álvaro Rivera Larios comments, “One can say, that as a creator, Elena is a sprawling house and that through the windows of that house, one sees unraveling landscapes. Traveler that she is, Elena veers from one literary genre to another, merging and blending their borders” (Asymptote: Weekly Dispatches from the Frontlines of World Literature, June 2022). Salamanca is a writer and historian; in her research she investigates the relationship between Central American trade unions, citizenship and exile in Mexico in the 1930s and 1940s. Her works include Peces en la boca (Mexico, 2013), Landsmoder (San Salvador, 2012), and Último viernes (San Salvador, 2008). Her work has been translated into English, French, German and Swedish. In 2012, she founded, along with the artist Nadie, the Eclectic Festival of Arts FEA that brings together the work of contemporary Salvadoran and Central American artists. Alexandra Lytton Regalado is a writer and translator. Her poetry collection Matria won the St. Lawrence Book Award (Black Law-

Literature: Translations from Spanish: Novels / 503 rence Press, 2017), was listed as one of the Favorite Poetry Collections of 2017 at Literary Hub, and was a fi nalist in two categories for the 2017 Foreword INDIES Award. She is cofounder of Kalina publishing, and has edited and translated more than 10 Central American-themed books including Vanishing Points: Contemporary Salvadoran Prose (2017). [MCG]

1910 Schweblin, Samanta. Mouthful of birds: stories. Translated by Megan McDowell. New York, N.Y.: Riverhead Books, 2019. 228 p. The second translation of a work by Samanta Schweblin (b. 1978), the Argentine author of the novel Fever Dream (see HLAS 74:2660), offers readers an English version of her short story collection Pájaros en la boca (see HLAS 68:2186), which was awarded the Casa de las Américas Prize. This is a collection of short stories by a contemporary Latin American author who is becoming internationally known as one of the masters of the genre. Schweblin is among the women writers in Latin America at the forefront of contemporary speculative fiction and New Weird. Often centering on woman and on childhood and child-parent relations, her stories lie at the border between horror and existentialist narrative. Mouthful of Birds features 20 stories characterized by eeriness and psychological tension, often in the face of domestic oppression and violence, with narratives relating stories and creating atmospheres ranging from repressed containment to brutal violence. Schweblin’s world is uncompromisingly oppressive and dystopian. Widely acclaimed and reviewed— often described as surreal—The Guardian presented the collection as “unsettling” and “the stuff of nightmares”: “Her disciplined economy in creating atmosphere and effect is allied to a refusal to overexplain” [. . .] Her “quiet withholding” that “has a great power to unnerve” [. . .] “That stubborn, unapologetic resistance to revelation is one of the things that makes Mouthful of Birds such a success.” [. . .] “The stories may be structured with something resembling fi nality, yet they never completely come to rest. (But how did she die? Where have they gone? And what’s that unnamed thing?) Whole selections of tales with clever twists can suffer diminishing returns, as the reader starts

trying to preempt the surprises, but that doesn’t happen here—these aren’t narrative twists, so much as persistent underminings. Each story leaves your foundations just a little less fi rm, and over 20 pieces the effect is cumulative.” (Daniel Hahn, The Guardian, Feb. 2019). Born in Buenos Aires and based in Berlin, Samanta Schweblin is the author of three story collections that have won numerous awards, including the prestigious Juan Rulfo Story Prize, and been translated into 20 languages. Mouthful of Birds is her fi rst short-story collection to be published in English. Her novel Fever Dream, also translated by Megan McDowell, was longlisted for the Man Booker International Prize in 2017. McDowell has translated many of the most important Latin American writers working today, including Samanta Schweblin, Alejandro Zambra, Mariana Enríquez, and Lina Meruane. Her translations have won the English PEN award and the Premio Valle-Inclán, and been nominated three times for the International Booker Prize. In 2020 she won an Award in Literature from the American Academy of Arts and Letters. [MCG] Novels

1911 Aira, César. The linden tree. Translated by Chris Andrews. New York, N.Y.: New Directions Publishing Corporation, 2018. 92 p. This is an English language translation of yet another work by a favorite, prolific, contemporary Argentine author, César Aira (b. 1949). In novella form—common in the oeuvre of an author known for his brevity— El tilo (2003) is a fictional memoir about the author’s real hometown, Pringles. The narrator relates memories of his life from his childhood, featuring his peculiar parents, friends, fi rst job, neighbors, and the surrounding environment. Besides being an intimate narrative, The Linden Tree is also a class and social portrait of Argentina during the time of Eva Perón. As described by Aram Mrjoian, in the book “the narrator’s early years are revealed in a string of interwoven and near inseparable anecdotes. There are no chapter breaks, no white space to divide the fast-moving narrative. This esthetic decision feels consistent with the in-the-moment nature of child-

504 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 hood. The writing seems intentionally fast and ungrounded, a boat careening down white-water rapids. It is a quick glimpse of the past rather than a reconstruction.” This quality of the prose contrasts with “the setting—a minute urban area fi lled with public spaces, gatherings of locals, and an enormous linden tree—is meant to be more concrete. Pringles is the unchanging foundation, and the townspeople—as a collective—move at a slower pace than the narrator” (“César Aira Returns to his Youthful Obsessions, in “The Linden Tree” The Chicago Review of Books, May 2018). Aira, who has published more than 100 books, was nominated for a Neustadt award and the Man Booker International Prize. Translator Chris Andrews, based in Australia, has translated books by Roberto Bolaño and César Aira for New Directions. He has won the Anthony Hecht Poetry Prize for his poetry and the Valle-Inclan Prize for his translations. The Linden Tree was followed by Birthday (New Directions, 2019, another autobiographical fiction by Aira also translated by Andrews.) [MCG]

1912 Almada, Selva. The wind that lays waste: a novel. Translated from the Spanish by Chris Andrews. Minneapolis, Minn.: Graywolf Press, 2019. 124 p. This is the fi rst translation into English of a work by contemporary Argentinian author Selva Almada (b. Entre Ríos, 1973). The Wind That Lays Waste (translation of El viento que arrasa, 2012) tells the story of a pastor, Reverend Pearson, who is travelling around the Argentinian countryside with his daughter Leni in an evangelizing mission. When their car breaks down, they end up having to spend time at the home and workshop of a mechanic called Gringo Brauer, an atheist, and a young boy, Tapioca, his assistant. The narration—in beautiful prose—stays focused on the interactions and unfolding relations among these four characters, as they share and discuss their notions about life and their beliefs in an atmosphere of rural solitude and decay. The novel has elements of a road trip and of a philosophical meditation about faith and human relations. Critics have commented that Almada’s novel is “redolent of Flannery O’Connor—and, at some turns, Rod Serling” (Kirkus Reviews, July 2019) and also

of Carson McCullers. Argentinean critic Beatriz Sarlo has lauded Almada’s work, describing it as focused on the region, but going beyond a plain narration to explore the psychological and sociological depths of the Argentine provinces. A poet and fiction writer, Almada already has an extensive résumé and received the Edinburgh International Book Festival First Book Award in 2019 for this novel in Chris Andrews’ translation. In the announcement of the award, The Wind that Lays Waste was described as “exquisitely crafted, providing a profound, poetic, and tangible experience of the landscape. It is told with the cinematic precision of a static road movie, like a Paris, Texas of the South,” and is “a distinctive novel” by “an author with undeniable talent.” It was characterized as “a masterpiece: beautiful, sparse, dark and descriptive with characters that feel so real you could swear you’ve crossed paths with them at some forgotten roadside outpost.” Almada has been a fi nalist for the Rodolfo Walsh and Tigre Juan prizes, and has been gaining recognition outside of Argentina. Her work has been translated into French, Italian, Portuguese, German, Dutch, Swedish and Turkish. After The Wind that Lays Waste, two other works by Almada have been issued in English: Dead Girls and Brickmakers (both translated by Anne McDermott). Chris Andrews is also a poet and prolific translator; he has translated books by Roberto Bolaño and César Aira for New Directions, and won the Anthony Hecht Poetry Prize for his poetry and the Valle-Inclan Prize for his translations. [MCG]

1913 Berti, Eduardo. The imagined land. Translated by Charlotte Coombe. Dallas, Tex.: Deep Vellum Pub., 2017. 180 p. Berti (b. Buenos Aires, 1964) channels the voice of an adolescent girl in rural China in the 1930s. The unfolding narrative explores the complicated feelings she has for another girl amidst the tensions of family life. El país imaginado (2011) won the Emecé Prize and the Las Américas Prize. Accomplished British translator Charlotte Coombe renders the protagonist’s voice in a plain, declarative language. Berti’s fi rst novel, Los pájaros was followed by Agua and La mujer de Wakefi eld, the second a feminist retelling of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s

Literature: Translations from Spanish: Novels / 505 Wakefi eld. La mujer de Wakefi eld won the Rómulo Gallegos Prize. Berti has won numerous other prizes for his fiction. He moved to Paris in the 1990s where he also has worked as a cultural critic and translator, in addition to publishing his several prize-winning novels. He is the fi rst Latin American member elected to the prestigious Oulipo literary group based in France. In the case of this novel, he uses their signature technique of self-imposed rules or constraints by interspersing narrative chapters with italicized sections that are accounts of dreams in which the fi rst person narrator of the dream is not the dreamer but the subject of the dream—a dream told from the standpoint of the one in the dream. The novel received positive reviews in Argentina. [JMP]

1914 Bolaño, Roberto, The spirit of science fiction. Translated by Natasha Wimmer. New York, N.Y.: Penguin Press, 2019. 196 p. Translation of El espíritu de la ciencia ficción (Alfaguara 2016), one of the early writings by the Chilean Roberto Bolaño (1953–2003) and one of several published posthumously. This is a bildungsroman that Bolaño completed in 1984 in Blanes, Spain. In the prologue to the Spanish edition, entitled “El arcón de Bolaño,” Christopher Domínguez Michael discusses the importance of Bolaño and the impressive record of posthumous publications by the author, including translations. He compares him with the Portuguese writer Fernando Pessoa in that upon his death he left an “arcón” or bunker of unpublished works which have continued to increase his readership and enrich the critical understanding of his work and its path-changing impact in Latin American literature. He describes Bolaño as the great storyteller of the period between the 20th and the 21st century. El espíritu is set in Mexico and is one of Bolaño’s early incursions into writing about the country’s literary scene, its figures. and characters, part of his life-long interest and critical perception of Mexico and the workings of literary production. The English edition has omitted the prologue. This is another work translated by the experienced and designated translator of Bolaño works to English, Natasha Wimmer. [MCG]

1915 Cotto-Thorner, Guillermo. Manhattan tropics. Translated from the Spanish by J. Bret Maney. Introduction by Cristina Perez Jimenez. Houston, Tex.: Arte Público Press, 2019. 403 p. (Recovering the US Hispanic Literary Heritage) One of the fi rst novels about Puerto Ricans living in New York, Trópico en Manhattan was published in Spanish in 1951. Guillermo Cotto-Thorner (b. 1916) draws a portrait of the lives of Puerto Rican emigrants to New York. In her helpful introduction to this bilingual edition, Cristina Pérez Jiménez situates the novel within the 1950s, including its portrait of gender and race relations. Cotto-Thorner combines a keen sociological eye and linguistic ear with a fluid literary style that is beguiling in this unsentimental understanding of Nuyorican subjectivity. The author is particularly good at capturing the internal diversity of Nuyoricans, and their often-anguished relationship to both New York and, in a very different way, Puerto Rico. Translator J. Bret Maney received a 2014 PEN/Heim Translation Fund Grant for this translation that captures neatly the range of Spanish and vernacular Nuyorican terms that makes this text engaging for the English-language reader while still signaling the Spanish-language source material. The original Spanish novel included a wonderful (and witty) glossary of emerging Nuyorican expressions, now updated to include both Spanish and English gloss. The novel “portray[s] Puerto Ricans as actively redefi ning the physical and cultural landscape of the city.” (Wilson A. Valentin-Escobar, NWIG: New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids, 83:1/2, 2009). [JMP] 1916 Gainza, Maria. The optic nerve. Translated by Thomas Bunstead. New York, N.Y.: Catapult, 2019. 193 p. Translation of the novel El nervio óptico (2017), this is the widely reviewed English-language debut of the fiction of Argentinean María Gainza (b. Buenos Aires, 1975). The protagonist is an Argentinean woman who is an art historian and guide. Her life revolves around art: the narrative of her life is marked and described through quotations and references to real paintings and painters. Everyday facts are intertwined with depictions of art pieces and stories of

506 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 the art world. Between these lines, one only catches glimpses of the protagonist’s, identity and subjectivity. Dustin Illingworth likens reading the novel to “glimpsing the shelves of a friend or lover, these digressions on books and paintings accommodate a peculiar intimacy. They serve to suspend our disbelief that, even in the midst of novelistic artifice, we remain adjacent to a kind of emotional reality.” (“What to Do When Art leaves You Speechless,” The Nation, 8 April 2019). In her review, Johanna Thomas-Corr notes “The narrative intrigue of Optic Nerve lies precisely in the way Gainza shares her mental processes. Part criticism, part autofiction, part meditation on the act of seeing, it has much in common with the recent novels of Rachel Cusk, Ben Lerner and Olivia Laing. But it’s a highly original, piercingly beautiful work, a book you’ll want to savour [. . .] Gainza is a writer who feels immediately important. I felt like a door had been kicked open in my brain” (The Guardian, Jan. 2019). María Gainza is an art journalist and fiction writer. She has written essay collections and contributed to The New York Times in Argentina, Artforum, The Buenos Aires Review, and the cultural supplement from the Argentine newspaper Página/12, among other publications. Translator Thomas Bunstead is based in East Sussex, England. He has translated several contemporary authors, including Eduardo Halfon, Yuri Herrera, and Enrique Vila-Matas, and is also a writer and editor at the translation journal, In Other Words. [MCG]

1917 García Robayo, Margarita. Fish soup. Translated by Charlotte Coombe. Edinburgh: Charco Press, 2018. 212 p. A translation of internationally acclaimed Colombian author Margarita García Robayo (b. Cartagena, 1980), this is a fiction collection in three parts featuring two novellas, “Waiting for the Hurricane” (Hasta que pase un huracán, (2012)) and “Sexual Education” and short stories from the collection Cosas peores, (see HLAS 74:1977). García Robayo’s work has received significant recognition, among other things for the power and original voice of her characters, most of whom are women. In her narratives, women take charge of all aspects of their lives—sexual, fi nancial, family-wise—in

complex situations revealing multiple social tensions and contradictions. Her depictions of bodies, sexuality, and social relations are frank, graphic, and uncompromising. In her review “Revolt and Revulsion in Margarita García Robayo’s ‘Fish Soup,’” Ellen Jones noted, when it came out (2018, the year of the #MeToo revelations), that Fish Soup “is full of female characters [. . .] who are determined to take charge of their careers and their bodies. But these women are continually pressured to conform to the expectations of family, the church, and men, whose violent fantasies threaten everywhere to erupt into genuine brutality.” García Robayo’s women are strong and central to her narratives, and at the same time they are often trapped in the structures that condition aspects of their lives. As Jones remarks, “even the most determined, intelligent, independent women. . .must sometimes succumb to domestic, emotional, violent pressures.” García Robayo’s fiction “offers crucial reflections on the tension between feminist ideals and the everyday experiences of women in Colombia and beyond.” Robayo has written several novels, short story collections, and a book of autobiographical essays; she is considered one of the most powerful voices in Latin American literature today. Juan Villoro praised her “sharp insight into contemporary life” and noted that “her voice speaks with surreptitious irony and sophisticated psychological perception. She is a creator of an exceptional poetics of displacement.” García Robayo was awarded the prestigious Casa de las Américas Prize for Cosas peores. [MCG]

1918 González, Tomás. The storm. Translated from the Spanish by Andrea Rosenberg. First Archipelago books edition. Brooklyn, N.Y.: Archipelago Books, 2018. 177 p. Colombian Tomás González (b. 1950) is starting to be better known in Colombia as one of the main contemporary writers in the country. This is the translation of his novel Temporal (2014), which takes place in a coastal fishing village which turns into a holiday tourist destination in the region of the Golfo the Morrosquillo. Narrated as a description of events that unfold by the hour (the hours are marked in the form of a diary), it’s the story of Mario and Javier,

Literature: Translations from Spanish: Novels / 507 twins, their troubled relationship with their father, revealed over the course of a day as they take to the sea and have to weather a storm. “The panoramic narrative bounces back and forth between the thoughts of the sons and their father, bound to one another in their mutual loathing, while back home the deranged family matriarch, Doña Nora, engages in conversation with the chorus of voices of a possibly imagined throng whose warnings appear to foretell the fate of her family. González invokes both Hemingway and Faulkner in his treatment of tortured family dynamics and laces the three-way banter in the boat with a fascinating, neartoxic atmosphere of machismo. The novel’s unexpected ending lays bare the truth that, even after the worst has been entertained, life goes on, leaving a resonant fi nal note for this memorable story” (Publishers Weekly, Nov. 2018). González’s works include La luz difícil, Niebla al mediodía, El lejano amor de los extraños and others (published by Alfaguara) and The Storm is the second translation into English of his work (preceded by In the Beginning was the Sea). Andrea Rosenberg is an editor of The Buenos Aires Review and has translated works from Spanish and Portuguese. [MCG]

1919 Guerra, Wendy. Revolution Sunday: a novel. Translated from the Spanish by Achy Obejas. Brooklyn, N.Y.: Melville House, 2018. 191 p. This is the translation of a novel by well-known contemporary Havana author Wendy Guerra (b. 1970), published as Domingo de revolución in 2016 in Spain (Anagrama) (see HLAS 74:1890). Guerra’s English-language debut, this self-referential novel chronicles the life and adventures of a Havana writer, Cloe, who travels between Spain and Cuba and navigates the worlds she lives in amidst love, family, memory, and surveillance. As described in the NPR review, “Revolution Sunday is a complicated book, and a challenging one. It mixes poetry and prose, autofiction and hyperrealism, intense sensory detail and complete logistical vagueness. It has a plot, but not one that provides much momentum, or even meaning. Cleo floats through time and space—her senses are cranked up to eleven, but it’s hard to imagine her walking, or combing her hair. Her internal weather is

the novel’s driving force” (Lily Meyer, NPR review, Dec. 2018). Recognized as one of the vibrant voices in Latin American and Caribbean literature today, poet, journalist, and fiction writer Guerra has received critical acclaim and is a Chevalier des Arts et des Lettres, a distinction conferred by France. Her texts often combine fi lmic, personal, and poetic elements. Havana-born, US-based author, journalist, and translator Achy Obejas is the author of The Tower of The Antilles, which was nominated for a PEN/ Faulkner award and has received a number of literary and journalism awards. She has translated works by several contemporary Cuban and Latin American authors, among them Wendy Guerra, Junot Díaz, Rita Indiana, and several pieces included in the anthology Havana Noir. [MCG]

1920 Gusti. Mallko and dad. New York, N.Y.: Enchanted Lion Books, 2018. 1 v.: ill. This is the translation of Mallko y papá (2014), a collage-style, illustrated autobiographical story in the form of a diary; the narrator is a father whose son, Mallko, has Down syndrome. Intimate and poignant, it relates both elements of everyday life and of the father’s inner confl icts and emotions. It’s a book that seems aimed at helping parents of children with special needs—and perhaps those children themselves, as well as their typically developing siblings—come to terms with their shared lives (Craig Morgan T, “A Father’s Tribute to His Son With Down Syndrome.” The New York Times, 2018.) The author, Gusti, was born in Argentina and has lived in Europe since he moved there to study design in Italy in 1985. He fi rst worked in Paris and currently lives in Barcelona where he works as a teacher and an illustrator. He co-founded the nonprofit association Windown-La Ventana, which works towards building a more inclusive society. This book, which was selected as the best book in the disability category by the Bologna Book Fair in 2016, comes as a call and a revelation. Mara Faye Lethem is an experienced, award-winning translator who has translated novels by Jaume Cabré, David Trueba, Albert Sánchez Piñol, Javier Calvo, Patricio Pron, Marc Pastor and Toni Sala, among others, and shorter fiction by such authors as Juan Marsé, Rodrigo Fresán,

508 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Pola Oloixarac, Teresa Colom, and Alba Dedeu. Her translation of The Whispering City, by Sara Moliner, received an English PEN Award and two of her translations were nominated for the 2016 International IMPAC Dublin Literary Award. [MCG]

1921 Halfon, Eduardo. Mourning. Translated by Lisa Dillman and Daniel Hahn. New York, N.Y.: Bellevue Literary Press, 2018. 155 p. Mourning is the translation from Spanish of the autobiographical novel Duelo (2017) by the Guatemalan Eduardo Halfon. The narrative focuses on family relations and deals in various ways with death and mourning, from the death of the narrator’s brother to others. “Early on in Mourning, Eduardo Halfon’s powerful, gorgeous new novel, the narrator visits a concentra-tion camp in southern Italy. The original camp, he learns, was destroyed in the 1960s to make room for a highway, but was later reconstructed. The owner of this replica concentration camp believes it is necessary for remembering the Holocaust. Our narrator is sickened, calling it a ‘theme park dedicated to human suffering.’ The question of what is real and what isn’t, and if such distinctions even can be made, is at the heart of Mourning.” (Jessie Szalay, Jewish Book Council, Aug. 2018). Mourning is a continuation of sorts of Halfon’s previous novels, also autofictional, which feature recurring places, characters, and themes. Among Halfon’s “preoccupations (obsessions, really) are the legacy of violence and mass murder in Europe and Latin America; the frequency and facility with which the past intrudes upon the present; the quixotic effort to separate family myth from historical fact; and the ways in which pleasure—food, love, sex, humor, cigarettes, beer, the beauty of nature, and the surprises offered by travel— consoles us.” (Francine Prose, “What Can’t Be Forgotten.” The New York Review of Books, Nov. 2018). Born in Guatemala City, award-winning Eduardo Halfon moved to the US at the age of ten and then returned to Guatemala to teach literature—he currently lives in the US and regularly travels to Guatemala. He has earned considerable acclaim, having received a Guggenheim Fellowship, the Roger Caillois Prize, the José María de Pereda Prize for the Short Novel, and the

Guatemalan National Prize in Literature. He has 14 published books, three of which have been translated into English; The Polish Boxer (2012), Monastery (2014), and Mourning (2018), which was the winner of the International Latino Book Award and Edward Lewis Wallant Award, fi nalist for the Kirkus Prize, Neustadt International Prize, and Balcones Fiction Prize, and longlisted for the PEN Translation Prize. Both Lisa Dillman and Daniel Hahn are prolific and recognized translators of Latin American literature, who have been awarded prestigious prizes—Dillman received the Best Translated Book Award for Yuri Herrera’s Signs Preceding the End of the World. [MCG]

1922 Hasbún, Rodrigo. Affections. Translated by Sophie Hughes. First Simon & Schuster hardcover edition. New York, N.Y.: Simon & Schuster, 2017. 132 p. A work of fiction inspired on historical figures, Hasbún’s second novel is the fi rst to be translated into English (and at least nine other languages). Hans Ertl was a Bavarian who served as Leni Riefenstahl’s cameraman and Rommel’s photographer before fleeing to Bolivia with his family after the Second World War. His daughter Monika would later join left-wing guerillas and may have assassinated the military leader responsible for ordering Che Guevara’s execution before she herself was killed by Bolivian forces. “The brilliance of this novel is rooted in its narrative, which is told from multiple perspectives,” writes the Literary Review (20 Nov. 2017), each chapter narrated by a different character, principally Ertl’s daughters. Hans lords over his family in Bolivia with the bombastic fantasies one might expect from a former Nazi—he sets off with two of his daughters in search of a lost city of gold, like “Werner Herzog’s Fitzcarraldo: courageous and determined, but also irrational, constantly misled, devoid of support and blind to everything but his desire to fulfi ll his project,” as Words Without Borders (Sept. 2017) puts it. Kirkus Reviews (1 Aug. 2017) characterizes this short “brisk, sensitive US debut” as galloping “across a half-century’s worth of transformations in Bolivia, and sections narrated by individual characters are marked by a surprising depth of emotional detail given the story’s brevity.” The Literary Review

Literature: Translations from Spanish: Novels / 509 adds, “Rodrigo Hasbún is a remarkable and sensitive storyteller and in Affections he has crafted a haunting yet enchanting tale.” Hasbún (b. Cochabamba, Bolivia, 1981) has also published a collection of short stories. In 2010, Granta listed him as one of the 20 best writers in Spanish under the age of 35. Sophie Hughes renders the translation in such a way as to make this short novel readable in a single extended session. Among her numerous recognitions, Hughes has been awarded the British Centre for Literary Translation Prose Mentorship, and an Arts Foundation award. [JMP]

1923 Herbert, Julián. The house of the pain of others: chronicle of a small genocide. Translated from the Spanish by Christina MacSweeney. Minneapolis, Minn.: Graywolf Press, 2019. 294 p. This “chronicle of a small genocide” focuses on the massacre of over 300 Chinese in the town of Torreón in 1911. In this genre-defying work, Herbert seeks to uncover the widespread complicity in the event from many sectors of the society and in the collective suppression of the history and memory of the massacre. As with his English-language debut Tomb Song ( 2018) (a translation of Canción de tumba (2011)), this book is a complex, layered tapestry that reflects on the present and on the task of writing the past. He is critical of official memory—not only of this event, one suspects, but of many other aspects of Mexican history. Mexican Julián Herbert (b. 1971) is one of the best-known contemporary writers in Mexico and increasingly in the hemisphere. This is British translator Christina MacSweeney’s second time translating Herbert’s work. She also translated Tomb Song. MacSweeney won the the 2016 Valle Inclán Translation Prize for her translation of Valeria Luiselli’s The Story of My Teeth. For historian’s comment, see 370. [JMP] 1924 Herbert, Julián. Tomb song: a novel. Translated from Spanish by Christina MacSweeney. Minneapolis, MN: Graywolf Press, 2018. 207 p. English-language debut by critically acclaimed contemporary Mexican author Julián Herbert (b. 1971), this is the translation of the novel Canción de tumba (2011). The coming-of-age, autobiographical fictional

narrative weaves fiction, memoir, and essay for a beautiful, poignant exploration of love and death. It opens with the protagonist, Julián, sitting at his sick mother’s bedside as she is dying in a hospital in northern Mexico. The narrator begins to remember his childhood and youth, as the single child of the prostitute Guadalupe, growing up in brothels in this tough community, with half brothers and sisters from a different father, and then going from city to city. The protagonist Julián’s stories alternate between the past and the present as, while pacing around the hospital, he narrates his life as a writer in today’s Mexico. Herbert’s style is enthralling, as noted in the numerous reviews praising the novel and its translation. “From its pathos-fi lled prologue to its poignant closing lines, Herbert’s novel is shot through with fury and fi lial love. This sounds bleak—it isn’t. Indeed, it is one of the novel’s characteristics that it is able to swing from heartbreak to grisly humor within a few lines.” (Ángel Gurría Quintana, Words Without Borders, April 2018). Born in Acapulco, Herbert is known for his poetry, essays, short stories, and now as a novelist. He has also translated poetry from English. A prolific writer, he has received several awards, including the Premio Gilberto Owen for poetry in 2003, Juan José Arreola award for short story (2006) in Mexico, the Jaén Prize, in Spain, and the Elena Poniatowska Novel Prize, in Mexico. England-based Christina MacSweeney, who also translated Herbert’s The House of the Pain of Others (see item 370) has published translations, articles, and was awarded the 2016 Valle Inclán Translation Prize for her translation of Valeria Luiselli’s The Story of My Teeth (see HLAS 72:2755). [MCG]

1925 Hernández Indiana, Rita. Made in Saturn. Translated by Sydney Hutchinson. Sheffield; London; New York: And Other Stories, 2020. 169 p. Made in Saturn is a translation of the novel Hecho en Saturno (2018) by the pathbreaking contemporary Dominican author and musician Rita Indiana, also known colloquially as “La Montra” (The Monster). This is another of Indiana’s recent novels to come out in English. A Caribbean narrative, this one set in Cuba, Made in Saturn is the story of Argenis Luna, a son of a Dominican

510 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 politician, former artist, and heroin addict who is sent to rehab in Havana and encounters a variety of characters who live in the margins: drag queens, artists, and others whom he befriends and who help him along the way. Luna remains haunted by the image of Goya’s Saturn Devouring His Son. The novel is partly a reflection on revolution and on the complex inheritance of earlier social and political decisions for today’s generation. Daniel Alarcón describes it as an “acerbic comic novel” (Daniel Alarcón, “Rita Indiana’s Songs for the Apocalypse.” New Yorker, Oct. 2020). It is “A deeply nuanced, atmospheric, and graphic depiction of mental illness, drug addiction, and recovery” (Kirkus Reviews). In its depiction of the tensions and discontinuities between generations, Raül de Tena notes it is a narrative of “killing the father” in the political sense (Fantasticmag, 2018). This is another publishing success by Indiana, considered one of the most powerful and innovative voices of Caribbean and Latin American literature today. She is the author of three collections of stories and five novels; three have been translated into English to great acclaim. Papi was included in World Literature Today ’s 2016 list of 75 Notable Translations, and Tentacle won the Grand Prize of the Association of Caribbean Writers. Translator Sydney Hutchinson is an ethnomusicologist, folklorist, and pianist. She is the author of several books and on Latin American and Caribbean music and dance. [MCG]

voodoo spiritual leader linked to the government. Acilde, who passes as a boy, is saving up to be able to undergo a gender reassignment operation. “A dry, sardonic tone anchors the pulpy narrative, with its bloody violence, brutish sex and futuristic flourishes, all seasoned with bitter humour and a hint of the occult. The second time frame, roughly approximating our own era, focuses on pretentious art students dreaming up performance pieces. The third, set in the Spanish Main, introduces a group of sinister, quarrelling pirates (Suzi Feay, “Tentacle by Rita Indiana review—a post-apocalyptic odyssey.” The Guardian, January 2019). Told in the brilliant, fast-paced narrative that characterizes Indiana’s writing, the novel takes on climate change, technology, AfroCaribbean spirituality, queer and culture politics, poverty, and colonialism. A writer, artist, and musician, and a referent in contemporary Caribbean cultural production, Indiana was born and raised in the Dominican Republic and now lives in Puerto Rico. She is the author of three collections of stories and five novels. Three of her novels have now been translated into English. Papi made the World Literature Today ’s 2016 list of 75 Notable Translations. Tentacle won the Grand Prize of the Association of Caribbean Writers, the fi rst book written in Spanish to do so. Achy Obejas is a writer, journalist, and translator. She is the author of five books of fiction and has translated several Caribbean authors, including Junot Díaz and Wendy Guerra. [MCG]

1926 Hernández, Rita Indiana. Tentacle. Translated by Achy Obejas. Sheffield, England; New York: And Other Stories, 2018. 132 p. The second novel by Dominican author Rita Indiana to be published in English, Tentacle is the translation of the dystopian La mucama de Omicunlé (2015). The novel is structured as three stories within three distinct time frames. The fi rst one, set in the future, centers on the life of Acilde Figueroa, a young queer maid living in Santo Domingo. We follow Alcide’s life of sex, friendships, and struggle on the harsh streets of Santo Domingo. Acilde fi nds herself at the heart of a Santería apocaliptic prophecy to save the ocean after a nuclear disaster, and ends up working for an elderly

1927 Jodorowsky, Alejandro. The son of black Thursday. Translated by Megan McDowell. Brooklyn, N.Y.: Restless Books, 2017. 227 p. Published in Spanish in 1999 as El niño del jueves negro, this book is a follow up to Where the Bird Sings Best (Donde mejor canta un pájaro (1992), English translation, 2015). It is a rollicking, surrealist ride through politics, history, and culture, couched as autofiction. The literary conceit is that this novel is a history of the author’s family, where three generations of male patriarchs are advised by the restless spirit of a rabbi from the Caucasus. Jodorowsky, a multidisciplinary Chilean novelist, fi lmmaker, and critic, delves into his father’s (fictionalized) life here, and uses that as a

Literature: Translations from Spanish: Novels / 511 way to discuss Chile’s political history, as well as the history of immigration, sexuality, and cultural alienation. At times, Jodorowsky seems to be intentionally provocative and wild in this narrative that oscillates between the absurd, the politically fraught, and the tragic. In an early scene, for example, his father, Jaime, watches as soldiers load up transgender/transvestites in chains onto airplanes to be flown over the ocean and flung to their deaths, a recreation of dark episodes from the times of military dictatorship. Megan McDowell, a wellknown and accomplished contemporary translator, matches the outsized original in her rendering of the outlandish. [JMP]

1928 Lange, Norah. People in the room. Translated by Charlotte Whittle. Introduction by César Aira. Sheffield, England; New York: And Other Stories, 2018. 167 p. A timely and long-awaited translation of the work by early 20th-century Argentinian Norah Lange (Buenos Aires, 1905–72, considered a key figure of the Argentine avant-garde). Personas en la sala was fi rst published in 1950, an uncanny work of fiction alternating between intimate narrative and wild, hallucinatory imagination. Set in Buenos Aires, the novel’s main character is a young woman who, from her house, spies three women who live across the street. She begins to imagine their lives in a narrative composed of images of isolation, desire, and domesticity. As Anna Aslanyan describes it, People in the Room is “darkly irresistible” . . . “Combining painterly qualities with poetic imagery” (The Guardian, Sept 2018). Lee Langley described the prose as “Hallucinatory and unsettling” vibrating “like a high-tension wire . . . the brilliance of the language, and the shifting perspectives transform what at fi rst seems banal into something mesmerising and tragic . . . a picture of suffocating isolation and voyeurism, Hitchcock without a murder.” (“Shades of Rear Window: ‘People in the Room,’ by Norah Lange, Reviewed.” Spectator, Aug. 2018). This beautiful edition features an introduction by César Aira. People in the Room was shortlisted for the 2019 Warwick Prize for Women in Translation. Also in English is her autobiographical Notes from Childhood (2021), which con-

temporary writer Pola Oloixarac describes as “endearing, mesmerising, unforgettable masterpiece through which we can see anew the private history of women in Latin America. Read Norah and be bewitched.” She further remarks: “A muse to the young Jorge Luis Borges and Oliverio Girondo, Norah Lange was herself a profoundly gifted writer, one capable of drawing her readers back in time, plunging you into a lost world of soulful horseback riding on the pampas and bucolic women’s sewing rooms.” This translation is a welcome addition for the English-speaking audience, offering access to this lesser-known classic of Latin American literature, which can now be read alongside other women writers whose works are fi nally coming into print in English—such as Silvina Ocampo, Armonía Somers, and others. [MCG]

1929 Márquez Tizano, Rodrigo. Jakarta. Translated by Thomas Bunstead. First English-language edition. Minneapolis, Minn.: Coffee House Press, 2019. 141 p. Translation of Yakarta (Sexto Piso, 2016). This dystopian novel unfolds in the dreamy, almost hallucinogenic interiority of the protagonist, a health worker in a hazmat suit tracking down evidence of a massive viral outbreak. The main character then returns to the small apartment to stare at the strange pink oracle-stone that has mesmerized him and his partner. The futuristic landscape is stark and even horrific, with the protagonist bureaucratically noting the massive number of child deaths amidst mountains of refuse. When he is off work, the protagonist also plays “Vakapy” competitively—a spectator sport for professional gamblers sponsored by the Orwellian “Department of Chaos and Gaming.” Tizano (b. Mexico, 1984) has been the editor-in-chief of VICE magazine in Mexico and Argentina and is a founding editor of La Dulce Ciencia Ediciones, dedicated to the world of boxing. Translator Thomas Bunstead captures the almost-narcotic atmosphere of the novel. Valeria Luiselli called it “mind-blowingly original. . . Tizano is a master of the uncanny.” This short novel was favorably reviewed in the Los Angeles Times, the Star Tribune, and Kirkus Reviews, as well as in newspapers across Latin America. [JMP]

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1930 Melchor, Fernanda. Hurricane season. Translated by Sophie Hughes. Third edition. London: Fitzcarraldo Editions, 2020. 226 p. A welcome translation of the critically acclaimed Temporada de huracanes (2017), this is the fi rst book by contemporary Mexican author Fernanda Melchor (b. 1982) to appear in English. In a masterful, vertiginous prose, the novel tells a story of a murder in a village, La Matosa, where a group of children fi nd a woman’s decomposing corpse; through the mystery surrounding the death of the woman, a transgender daughter of another woman known as The Witch, Melchor paints a portrait of Mexico. Adding to the quality of the writing, the value of this novel and its translation into English also resides in its foregrounding the crisis and epidemic of murdered and missing women in Mexico and across Latin America today. As Lucas Iberico Lozada’s review in The Nation (9 July 2020) notes, “Activists across Latin America have been sounding the alarm about femicide since at least the mid-1990s. In the past few years, however, the #NiUnaMenos movement (from the phrase Ni una mujer menos, ni una muerta más —”Not one woman less, not one more death”) has increased in urgency as violence against women has reached staggering figures in the Americas.” In Mexico, the UN now estimates that 10 women were killed each day in 2019, up from seven per day in 2017.” Although there are numerous journalistic and fiction narratives taking on this subject, Melchor’s voice is unique. “There is no peace to be found in Hurricane Season, no relief afforded the reader, no happy ending for the survivors. What Melchor offers instead is [. . .] not catharsis but vengeance” [. . .] Speaking after the publication of Hurricane Season “Melchor described literature as trench warfare: If the newspapers insisted on describing men who kill women as aberrant monsters, transformed by love into something evil, she would write a book revealing the everyday monstrousness of violence” (Iberico Lozada, op cit.) Melchor is recognized among the most dynamic new voices of Mexican literature today. She won the PEN Mexico Award for Literary and Journalistic Excellence in 2018 and the German Anna-Seghers-Preis and the International Literature Award in 2019. The book

and Sophie Hughes’ translation have received praise; Hugues has translated several contemporary Latin American and Spanish novels; her translation of Alia Trabucco Zerán’s The Remainder was shortlisted for the 2019 Man Booker International Prize. A new edition of Hurricane Season will be issued by New Directions. [MCG]

1931 Monge, Emiliano. Among the lost. Translated from the Spanish by Frank Wynne. Melbourne, Australia: Scribe Publications, 2018. 345 p. Just as fellow contemporary Mexican writers Valeria Luiselli and Cristina Rivera Garza, Emiliano Monge (b. 1978, Ciudad de México) weaves together elements of the novel and the testimonio, using fiction and nonfiction to chronicle the lives of everyday migrants on their way north to the US, often enduring unspeakable violence and sometimes succumbing to it. In this case, Monge opted to put in italics the verbatim accounts he took from Central American migrants crossing Mexico, as well as citations from Dante’s Inferno. Frank Wynne, the translator, made the wise decision to preserve the Spanish names of the main characters, Epitafio (“Epitaph”) and Estela (“Gravestone”), thus retaining a certain Spanish lyricism instead of an awkward surrender to English. The eruption of documentary voices of the migrants makes the text feel visceral and immediate—a human rights document. At the same time, the author has said that these voices are intended to act as a Greek Chorus, with other allusions to Greek tragedies and to Dante throughout. The corrupt, exploitative protagonists act as a “much more malevolent Virgil” in the words of the author. Monge comments, “From my point of view, when a migrant leaves their country and begins the journey, what they’re doing is descending into hell. They lose aspects of their identity, their personality, their voice, sometimes their language, their religion, and, above all, their individuality.” The Guardian (25 Nov. 2018), “Stylistically reminiscent of an earlier Mexican master Juan Rulfo, and with nods to both Chilean maverick Roberto Bolaño, and fellow Mexicans Alvaro Enrique and Yuri Herrera, Monge’s realist, deadly topical fiction is a weighty metaphor for our world gone mad.” [JMP]

Literature: Translations from Spanish: Novels / 513

1932 Ocampo, Silvina. The promise. Translated by Suzanne Jill Levine and Jessica Powell. San Francisco, Calif.: City Lights Books, 2019. 103 p. The second work by Argentine Silvina Ocampo (1903–93) to appear in English in 2019 and published by City Lights Books, this is a translation of La promesa, the only novel by this master short-story writer, well-known public intellectual, and host of an important literary salon. Ocampo worked on this novella for over 20 years and the original Spanish was ultimately published poshumously in 2010. The Promise is the narrative of a woman who, while traveling on a transatlantic ship, falls into the sea. Trying to survive, and faced with her mortality, she promises to Saint Rita, “arbiter of the impossible,” that if she survives, she will write her own life story. “The book’s main thread is a woman, Irene, and a man, Leandro, with whom both Irene and the narrator get involved. But the fluid narrative also encompasses brief snapshots of a murder mystery, the narrator’s grandmother’s eye doctor (“In profi le, his intent rabbit face was not as kind as it was head-on.”), her hairdresser, her ballerina neighbor, and the fruit vendor to whom her brother was attracted as a boy (“it was a fruit relationship, perhaps symbolizing sex”)” (Publisher’s Weekly, 18 June 2019). The narrative wavers between memory and fantasy as she imagines the story she will write. Gabriela Alemán remarks that “Only a masterful storyteller could pull off what Silvina Ocampo does in The Promise; a woman lost at sea drowns in her memories, while the water— never threatening—cradles her with echoes of the past. A novel that is not a novel; a hypnosis, really.” The slim, beautiful paperback opens with a foreword by Ernesto Montequín, translator, critic, and director of the Villa Ocampo Center in Buenos Aires. Montequín begins by noting that “Between 1988 and 1989, besieged by the illness that would darken the last years of her life, Silvina Ocampo laboriously devoted herself to correcting and fi nishing The Promise” (p. xi) and then proceeds to describe the lengthy editorial process, before and after Ocampo’s passing, that led to the published edition of the original. As was the case with Forgotten Journey, The Promise is also the result of a collaborative translation with established,

award-winning translator of Latin American literature Suzanne Jill Levine; in this case, the novel was co-translated with Jessica Powell, also an award-winning contemporary translator. [MCG]

1933 Piglia, Ricardo. The diaries of Emilio Renzi: the happy years. Brooklyn, N.Y.: Restless Books, 2018. 444 p. This is the second volume of the trilogy The Diaries of Emilio Renzi, from the Spanish. Los diarios de Emilio Renzi: Los años felices (2016), following the 2017 publication of The Diaries of Emilio Renzi: Formative Years (see HLAS 74:2651), also translated by Croll. The Happy Years is the continuation of the autobiographical fiction journal written by renowned Argentinean author Piglia, which he wrote for decades and fi nished in the last years of his life— they were published posthumously. The three volume Diaries recount the life and thoughts of Emilio Renzi, Piglia’s alter ego, a figure that emerged as the detective protagonist in his 1967 short story collection The Invasion. The opening section titled “In the bar,” a meditation on time and writing, reads: “A life is not divided into chapters, Emilio Renzi said to the bartender of El Cervantillo that afternoon, leaning on the bar, standing before the mirror and the bottles of whiskey, vodka, and tequila lined up on the shelves. I’ve always been intrigued by the unreal yet mathematical way we organize the days, he said. Take the almanac, a senseless prison on experience that imposes a chronological order onto a period of time that flows without criteria” (p. 3). The Happy Years covers Renzi’s “diaries” from 1968 to 1975, the beginning of the author’s literary career. Renzi recounts his work in a magazine, as editor and publisher, his meetings with several writers including Borges, Puig, Roa Bastos, and Piñera. Piglia’s Renzi diaries are a record of a time in political and literary history, they are centrally about writing, the world and scenes of literature, and books. In the comprehensive review article “The Act of Recounting,” which describes Piglia against the political backdrop of Argentina he and his family lived through, Jessica Loudis describes how the surrounding circumstances made their way into Piglia’s writing style: “The temptation to read Piglia’s books as straightforward

514 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 journals—despite the author’s insistence on treating them as fiction—can occasionally be maddening, as if their readers have been unwittingly enlisted in a postmodern game. And indeed we have, though much more is at stake. As Piglia witnessed the dissolution of Argentine society under a series of repressive governments, he sought new models of writing and representing reality. In metafiction, he found a means to subvert the conformity and censorship that flourished under these regimes [. . .] He told an interviewer that ‘political contexts defi ne ways of reading.’ Through indirection and other literary techniques, Piglia revealed the frightening mechanisms of state power that had subjugated Argentina and the ways in which they might be resisted.” (J Loudis, “The Act of Recounting.” The Nation, 17 Feb. 2020). Piglia (Buenos Aires, 1940–2017), was a professor at Princeton, and is considered one of contemporary Spanish-language’s most important and influential writers. He published five novels, including Artificial Respiration, The Absent City, and Target in the Night, as well as collections of stories and criticism. Among the numerous prizes he received were the Premio de la Crítica, Premio Rómulo Gallegos, Premio Bartolomé March, Premio Casa de las Américas, Premio José Donoso, and Premio Formentor de las Letras. Robert Croll is a writer, translator, musician, and artist originally from Asheville, North Carolina. [MCG]

1934 Prestol Castillo, Freddy. You can cross the massacre on foot. Translated by Margaret Randall. With a foreword by Maria Cristina Fumagalli. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2019. 148 p.: bibl, index. (Latin America in translation/en traducción/em tradução) In 1937, the Dominican military massacred tens of thousands of Haitians and Dominicans of Haitian descent on the Dominican side of El Masacre River, which forms an international border with Haiti (the name of the river is a disturbing coincidence, named after an earlier, 18th-century massacre). Author Freddy Prestol Castillo (b. 1914) was an eyewitness and unwilling accomplice as a rural magistrate during the dictatorship of Trujillo, who throughout the 1930s was consolidating power in part

through an appeal to a racist nationalism that scapegoated Haitians. El masacre se pasa a pie mixes autobiography and fiction. The narrator moves from his own life trajectory from the city to the scene of the massacre, and then introduces narrative elements of the brutal killings, sexual violence, and ethnic cleansing. The acclaimed activist, writer, and translator Margaret Randall tries to capture the significant shifts in register from the formal declarative tone at the autobiographical beginning to the increasingly feverish descriptions in the book’s extended middle narrative section as well as the many nonstandard versions of Spanish that the characters speak. A brief but crucial foreword by scholar María Cristina Fumagalli sketches in the social and political context of the massacre and also gives the reader the tools to navigate the text’s contradictory elements, such as Castillo’s obvious horror at the slaughter as well as his occasional reliance on tropes of race and class in depicting the Haitians. Fumagalli also traces the manuscript’s strange provenance: written during and after the massacre, Castillo hid the manuscript with his mother during the totalitarian regime of Trujillo. His sister buried it to protect it, but when the author dug it up, it had partially rotted away so Castillo was forced to reconstruct parts of it. Finally published in 1973 in Spanish, it was only released in English in 2019. Julia Alvarez calls this a “key text in understanding the thirty-one-year dictatorship of Trujillo.” Lauren Derby comments that the book “effectively conveys the horror of the raw violence of slaughter and the claustrophobic fear so very characgteristic of life under the Trujillo regime.” [JMP]

1935 Quintana, Pilar. The bitch. Translated from the Spanish by Lisa Dillman. New York, N.Y.: World Editions, 2020. 155 p. This is a beautiful translation of the poignant, uncompromising novel La perra, by Colombian Pilar Quintana (b. 1972), which has been a literary sensation and received national and international critical acclaim. Set on the Colombian Pacific coast, where socioeconomic realities are rough and the humid jungle combined with the intensity of the ocean create an extreme natural

Literature: Translations from Spanish: Novels / 515 environment for its inhabitants, the novel centers on the life of Damaris, a young, working-class woman who lives with her fisherman husband in a humble house on a seaside bluff. One of the threads of the narrative revolves around the relationship between Damaris and an orphaned puppy, “the bitch,” which she adopts. Damaris is struggling herself as she tries to become pregnant. Quintana’s novel is an exploration and an unromaticized meditation on woman— and motherhood, class, love, and freedom. The prose, plain and powerful, seems to stand on the tense, fragile balance of nature and of human existence as they are enacted in the novel. The fi rst work by Quintana to be translated into English, The Bitch won the Colombian Biblioteca de Narrativa Prize and was selected for several Best Books of 2017 lists, as well as being chosen as one of the most valuable objects to preserve for future generations in a time capsule in Bogotá. It won the English Pen Award and was fi nalist for the 2020 National Book Award for Translated Literature. One of the National Book Award judges stated: “The Bitch distills entire social, ethical, and cultural universes into a potent short novel, thanks to Pilar Quintana’s remarkable eye for detail and Lisa Dillman’s spare yet stirring translation. Set in a coastal town in Colombia, this novel is populated by complex characters outlined with minimalist strokes of absolute precision, and offers a startling, profound portrait of frustrated desire that will stay with the reader for a long time to come.” Contemporary Mexican writer Yuri Herrera describes how La perra “uncovers wounds we didn’t know we had, shows us their beauty, and then throws a handful of salt into them.” Other works by Quitana are Cosquillas en la lengua, Coleccionistas de polvos raros, Caperucita se come al lobo, and her most recent novel Los abismos. Lisa Dillman translates Spanish, Catalan, and Latin American writers and teaches at Emory University. Among her many translations are Such Small Hands by Andrés Barba, winner of the 2018 OxfordWeidenfeld Translation Award, and Signs Preceding the End of the World and The Transmigration of Bodies by Yuri Herrera, respectively awarded the Best Translated Book Award (2017) and the Dublin Literary Award (2018). [MCG]

1936 Rey Rosa, Rodrigo. Chaos: a fable. Translated by Jeffrey Gray. Seattle, Wash.: AmazonCrossing, 2019. 197 p. Translation of Fábula asiática (2016) by prizewinning Guatemalan author Rodrigo Rey Rosa (b. 1958). In this fragmented, high-tech thriller, a Mexican author attends a book fair in Tangier where he reconnects with a Moroccan artist who asks him for help accessing fi les on a memory card. This links him to two foreign students in the US who are trying to fi nd a way to change the world’s geopolitical landscape. As in several of his works, in Chaos Rey Rosa draws together Latin America and North Africa in his fiction. As with Rey Rosa’s other works, the novel has received praise. In “A Philosophical Thriller: Rodrigo Rey Rosa’s Chaos: A Fable in review” Alice Horne states: “Chaos might have the pace of a thriller, but it has the timely relevance and pointed insight of many a great novel.” She also notes that, as is often the case with noir novels, this one is also “decidedly male,” with female characters lying largely on the sidelines (Asymptote, May 2019). Regarding form and theme, in his review of the Spanish edition, Javier Mattio describes the novel as delicately messianic and relates Rey Rosa’s novel to the style of Thomas Pynchon and Roberto Arlt (Otra parte, 2017). The author has lived in Guatemala, New York, Morocco, and currently resides in Guatemala City. Seven of his works have been translated into English: The Beggar’s Knife, Dust on Her Tongue, The Pelcari Project, The Good Cripple, The African Shore, Severina, and now Chaos, A Fable. [MCG] 1937 Rivera Garza, Cristina. The taiga syndrome. Translated from the Spanish by Suzanne Jill Levine and Aviva Kana. St. Louis, Mo.: Dorothy, a Publishing project, 2018. 121 p. (Dorothy, a publishing project; 17) Translation of Cristina Rivera Garza’s El mal de la taiga (2012) and one of the several recent translations of fiction by this extraordinary contemporary Mexican author, educator, and intellectual. In this novel, “a fairy tale run amok,” a female ex-detective is hired to track down a couple and sets out, with a translator, into a forest and into an experiential and existential journey. Kirkus Reviews (Oct. 2018) lauded it as “an eerie, slippery gem of a book.” The

516 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 review by Anna Aslanyan in The Guardian (Nov. 2019), which introduces her as “one of the greatest contemporary Mexican authors” notes: “The journey through the taiga—a place where feral children roam and drunk lumberjacks stomp around with torches—also takes us through several literary traditions. Considered one of the greatest Mexican authors writing today, Rivera Garza here interweaves suspense with poetry, creating a contemporary magicrealist fable that is both her own and draws on her predecessors.” Rivera Garza (b. 1965) is an award-winning author, translator, and critic, and her works have been translated into several languages. Titles by the author in English translation include The Illian Crest and No One Will See Me Cry, and the multi-genre collection Grieving: Dispatches from a Wounded Country (Finalist for the 2020 National Book Critics’ Circle Award for Criticism). Grieving features crónicas, journalism, and personal essays on systemic violence in contemporary Mexico and along the US-Mexico border. In her prose, Rivera Garza depicts, through a gifted and poetic narrative style, the historical and contemporary events that are part of Mexican reality, and her work brings together fiction and investigations of violence, including state and political violence and violence against women. She has been awarded the Roger Caillois Award for Latin American Literature (2013), the Anna Seghers-Preis (2005), and the International Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz Prize (2001; 2009). In 2020, Rivera Garza was awarded a MacArthur Foundation “Genius” Grant. She is currently Distinguished Professor in Hispanic Studies at the University of Houston. The translation of La Taiga Syndrome is one of the translation collaborations of distinguished translator of Latin American Literature Suzanne Jill Levine, who has received many awards for her work. For this project she collaborated with Aviva Kana, a PhD candidate at UCSB Santa Barbara whose translations have been published in Review: Literature and Arts of the Americas, PEN America, Latin American Literature Today, and Fiction. [MCG]

1938 Saccomanno, Guillermo. 77. Translated from the Spanish by Andrea G. Labinger. Rochester, N.Y.: Open Letter, 2019. 262 p.

What was it like to live as a gay teacher in Buenos Aires during the military dictatorship? This novel recreates the environment of fear, desire, denial, and furtiveness. The title refers to the year 1977, as plainclothes officers in Ford Falcons “disappear” citizens suspected of subversive activities. Saccommano, who with this book won the 2008 Hammett Award from the International Association of Crime Writers, paints the interaction full of doubt, class tension, sexual intrigue, distrust, and terror. “Like many of Bolaño’s works, Saccomanno’s story carries a whiff of noir and a hallucinatory propulsion of sorts” (Southwest Review, 4 March 2019). Andrea Labinger, a seasoned translator of contemporary Argentine writers, renders the idiomatic Spanish and details of Buenos Aires’ domestic life with success. The author is winner of numerous prestigious literary awards for fiction and non-fiction. For comment on the Spanish-language original, see HLAS 66:2601. [JMP]

1939 Sainz Borgo, Karina. It would be night in Caracas. Translated by Elizabeth Bryer. New York, N.Y.: HarperCollins Publishers, 2019. 229 p. The fi rst fiction work by Venezuelan Karina Sainz Borgo (b. 1982), It would be Night in Caracas is the English translation of La hija de la española (2019). The novel opens with the protagonist Adelaida Falcón facing the death of her mom, who raised her as a single mother and who is her only relative. She is then confronted with the need to survive alone in a country depicted as a site of chaos and distrust, and where everyone makes difficult choices to survive. The novel is about loss and ethical decisions in extreme situations; the prose is described as “intense, spare,” and beautiful and the novel “A propulsively written, harrowing story, as desperate as it is timely” (Kirkus Reviews, 1 Feb. 2018) Sainz Borgo was born and raised in Caracas, where she began her career as a journalist. She migrated to Spain 10 years ago and writes for various magazines. She has written two nonfiction books, Tráfico y Guaire (2008) and Caracas Hip-Hop (2008). Elizabeth Bryer has translated a few novels and received praise and awards for them, including Aleksandra Lun’s The Palimpsests, for which she was awarded a PEN/Heim

Literature: Translations from Spanish: Novels / 517 Translation fund grant, and Claudia Salazar Jiménez’s Blood of the Dawn, which was awarded the Americas Prize. [MCG]

1940 Segovia, Sofía, The murmur of bees. Translated by Simon Bruni. Seattle: AmazonCrossing, 2019. 461 p.: map. Many contemporary Latin American writers have written against the dominant tradition of magical realism, exploring instead gritty realism, neo-Gothic horror, graphic novels, and even science fiction for new frontiers of literary invention. Segovia (b. 1965, Mexico), on the other hand, fully embraces the rich literary possibilities of magical realism, as well as the lush sensuality and intergenerational sagas Gabriel García Márquez and many other authors that followed—e.g., Isabel Allende—made so prominent in Latin American fiction. Set against the backdrop of the 1910 Revolution, the saga follows Simonopio Morales, found as an abandoned infant under a bridge, “without a mouth” and adopted by the wealthy Morales family. Readers follow the fey protagonist, flanked by bees, through the succeeding decades, including the land reform of the Mexican Revolution and the Spanish flu epidemic. This novel was called the literary discovery of the year by Penguin Random House and named Novel of the Year by iTunes. Segovia has also published Huracán and Peregrinos. Simon Bruni is the winner of three John Dryden Awards for his translations. [JMP] 1941 Solares, Martín. Don’t send flowers. Translated by Heather Cleary. First Grove Atlantic hardcover edition. New York: Black Cat, 2018. 442 p. Translation of the novel No manden flores (2016) by the Mexican Martín Solares (b. Tampico, 1970). This is a dark, gritty, tragic, horror-fi lled narrative about life in the Gulf of Mexico, near the US border. Centering on the disappearance of a 17-yearold girl and the violence that ensues, this fast-paced novel sets out a scenario of narcos, shootings, and various forms of violence and corruption in contemporary northern Mexico. Retired detective Carlos Treviño searches for the girl after being hired by her parents, a wealthy, powerful couple from La Eternidad. The novel has been described as “hell” unleashed, and as “fast-paced,

original. . . [and] fresh. A kind of Molotov cocktail that explodes in the hands of the reader” (Forbes México), and Junot Díaz has described Solares’s writing as “Latin American fiction at its pulpy phantasmagorical fi nest.” This novel follows a trend in many contemporary Mexican works of fiction and nonfiction in depicting today’s Mexico as an excruciatingly violent place. Solares describes the novel as partly informed by things his friends in Tamaulipas told him had happened to them; after writing Los minutos negros, he set out to write an “optimistic” novel, but was haunted by their stories. Speaking of the novel, he says he sees works of fiction as “personal” responses to social questions, mysteries,” and characterizes them as types of “oracles” (Forbes México). Solares’ The Black Minutes has been translated into six languages and was a fi nalist for Grand Prix de Littérature Policière de Paris, a prestigious crime fiction award, and for the distinguished Rómulo Gallegos Prize. He lives in Ciudad de México. Heather Cleary is a translator, writer, and literary critic; besides Don’t Send Flowers, her book-length translations—some of which have been nominated for awards— include Betina González’s American Delirium, María Ospina’s Variations on the Body, Roque Larraquy’s Comemadre, Sergio Chejfec’s The Planets and The Dark, and Poems to Read on a Streetcar, a selection of Oliverio Girondo’s poetry. [MCG]

1942 Somers, Armonía. The naked woman. Translated by Kit Maude. Afterword by Elena Chavez Goycochea. First Feminist Press edition. New York City: Feminist Press at the City University of New York, 2018. 154 p.: bibl. A welcome translation of the cult novella La mujer desnuda (1950), by Uruguayan writer and intellectual Armonía Somers (pseudonym) (Pando 1914– Montevideo 1994), which was banned when it fi rst appeared in Spanish. The young protagonist, Rebeca Linke, decapitates herself and begins to wander naked in the woods. The narrative alternates between her thoughts and musings and frank depictions of sex and sexual desire. Linke’s identity and consciousness flow in a poetic thrust for women’s liberation. When it fi rst came out, La mujer desnuda was deemed shockingly

518 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 erotic. Reviewing the translation, in her Three Percent review, Rachel Crawford says the novel is “searing, but it is also buoyant and light, reading simply and fluidly. It appeals to a vague and strange, imperceptible not-logic. The audience is bewildered by the re-headed woman’s thoughts, and much is meant to be obscured by both shadowy language and settings alike.” Of its publication today, Crawford notes that it is a “full-on war on convention”; “the novella, written 69 years ago, is a radical, feminist gem even for today’s readership.” Beyond its own merits, the novella is important in Uruguayan and Latin American cultural historiography. The 1940s and 50s were a vibrant time in the country’s cultural arena, with a generation of artists and intellectuals questioning social and cultural norms and political structures—as the NPR review describes, this “Generación Crítica” or “Generación del 45,” included several important thinkers and artists. Although viewing her work as independent, Armonía Somers was part of that generation and that time (“Fierce and Mysterious, ‘The Naked Woman’ Walks in Dark Dreams,” NPR Books, 31 Oct. 2018). Among the challenges she encountered translating the novel, Maude remarks that Somers’s prose is “unusual,” “dense,” “irreverent,” “allusive,” “surreal” and says it is fi lled with digressions, piercingly insightful, and at times subtly humorous and absurd (Latin American Literature Today, Gabriel Villarroel’s interview with Kit Maude). A new Spanish edition of La mujer desnuda was published in 2020 by Trampa ediciones, with a prologue by Marina Sanmartín. Somers was a feminist thinker, pedagogue, novelist, and short story writer whose pathbreaking voice was not available for English-speaking audiences until now. It is an important addition to the wealth of Latin American women writing coming out in print today, both in Spanish and in translation. [MCG]

1943 Toscana, David. The enlightened army. Translated by David William Foster. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2019. 232 p. (Latin American Literature in Translation series) A schoolteacher in contemporary Monterrey, Mexico rails against the US.

In order to try and take back Texas for Mexico, he raises an army, the iluminados. Violence is treated in such a casual way that the style itself is a comment on the place of violence and murder in the current political moment between the US and Mexico and within Mexico itself. Several critics have likened the protagonist to a modern-day Quixote. Kirkus Reviews comments, “absurd and comic but with a bitter edge.” David Toscana (b. 1961, Monterrey, Mexico) received the 2017 Xavier Villaurrutia Award for his novel Olegaroy. Three of his novels have previously been translated into English. Before his death in June 2020, translator David William Foster, was a distinguished scholar of LGBT, women’s writings and Jewish themes in Latin American literature. He contributed enormously to the diversification of Latin American literary studies. [JMP]

1944 Trabucco Zerán, Alia. The remainder. Translated by Sophie Elizabeth Hughes. Introduction by Lina Meruane. Minneapolis, Minn.: Coffee House Press, 2019. 202 p. Shortlisted for the 2019 Man Booker International Prize and on Vanity Fair’s “Best Books of 2019” list, this multiperspectival, multivoiced debut novel by an author who came of age in postdictatorship Chile is a reflection on death, the generational divide, and the weight of history. As one of the characters hallucinates dead bodies on the city streets, the novel grapples with history, collective trauma, and the activism of generations past. Praising the novel’s “elegiac ambitions” the Irish Times (6 Oct. 2018) comments that “fusing the personal and the political, Zerán aims to capture the legacy of Chile’s bloodshed.” Award-winning translator Sophie Hughes renders the prose into an easy vernacular; this is no simple task— some of the chapters consist of a single sentence that continues for pages. When La resta was originally published, it was chosen by El País as one of its top 10 debuts of 2015 and received an award for Best Literary Work Award from the Consejo Nacional del Libro de Chile. Sophie Hughes has received numerous awards, including the Man Booker Prize and recognition from PEN International for her translations. [JMP]

Literature: Translations from Spanish: Essays, Interviews, and Reportage / 519

1945 Vásquez, Juan Gabriel. The shape of the ruins. Translated from the Spanish by Anne McLean. London: MacLehose Press, an imprint of Quercus Publishing Ltd, 2018. 505 p.: ill. Shortlisted for the 2019 Man Booker Prize, Vásquez’s novel, fi rst published as La forma de las ruinas (2015), wends its way through autobiographical fiction, history, political satire, conspiracy theories, and psychology. A character named “Juan Gabriel Vásquez” is alternately intrigued and repelled by a paranoid professor from Bogotá who spins conspiracy theories about the watershed assassination of Liberal Party politician Gaitán in 1947. The multi-layered, genre-bending novel is rendered deftly by the translator, Anne McLean. The author, one of Colombia’s most prominent writers, and the translator have each won numerous prestigious awards for their previous work, including for their collaboration on The Sound of Things Falling. “Ironic one moment, earnest the next, Vásquez presents himself as the central character of his own book. We learn about his career as a novelist, the state of his marriage, the birth of his daughters; we learn to be uncertain about what is fiction and what is not, what’s history and what’s debatable” (The Guardian 16 May 2018). Despite (or because) of its ironic posture, the novel boasts a certain philosophical and historical heft that unfolds over 505 pages. [JMP] ESSAYS, INTERVIEWS, AND REPORTAGE

1946 García Márquez, Gabriel. I’m not here to give a speech. Translated by Edith Grossman. First Vintage International edition. New York, N.Y.: Vintage International, Vintage Books, a division of Penguin Random House LLC, 2019. 154 p. This collection brings together speeches by Nobel Prize winner Gabriel García Márquez, one of the most important and fi nest writers of the 20th century. The tone is inimitable, at turns sardonic, penetrating, critical, witty, lyrical, selfdeprecating, and elegiac. The speeches offer several facets that the reader of his fiction may not otherwise easily access—his politics, his views of his contemporaries, includ-

ing his fellow writers, and various aspects of world culture. The book is rendered in English by the able hand of Edith Grossman, one of the most accomplished and highly regarded living translators in any language, especially from Spanish to English. [JMP]

1947 Varo, Remedios. Letters, dreams & other writings. Translated by Margaret Carson. Cambridge, Mass.: Wakefield Press, 2018. 122 p.: bibl., ill. This is the surprising and welcome publication of the posthumously published writings by artist Remedios Varo (1908–63). Having lived in Mexico for several years after her exile from her native Catalonia in 1941, Varo became widely known as a visual artist, one of the Latin American woman surrealists. She had entered the surrealist circle in Paris before the German occupation and continued creating her work in Mexico, where she entered the art circles of her time. This is the translation of the original collection of her writings, Cartas, sueños y otros textos, published in 1994 and reproducing letters, journals, interviews, and manuscripts. Readers will fi nd materials ranging from letters to dream accounts, projects, poems and automatic writing, notes on her own paintings, in short, a wide range of Varo’s writing exercises and practices. Her writings “offer the same qualities to be found in her visual work: an engagement with mysticism and magic, a breakdown of the border between the everyday and the marvelous, a love of mischief, and an ongoing meditation on the need for (and the trauma of) escape in all its forms” (from blurb). The book includes an introduction by translator Margaret Carson, that begins with a quote from Varo: “I sometimes write as if I were making a sketch” (p. ix). Carson describes aspects of Varo’s biography and includes notes on the pieces included in the collection. She cites the original’s introduction, by Isabel Castell, in which Varo’s “household notebooks” are described as the jotting down “of her daily preoccupations: shopping lists, a guest list for a party, expenses, sketches of ideas for her paintings or the initial traces of same. . . that is, strictly personal notebooks in which there was not the slightest aesthetic pretension” (p. xii). However, as noted in the introduc-

520 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 tion to her “Letter to a Stranger,” published in The Paris Review in Dec. 2018, “Fans of the surrealist painter Remedios Varo likely won’t be surprised that her writing is as wide reaching and imaginative as her work on canvas. She crafted uncanny fables and strange recipes intended to conjure dreams, but perhaps her most significant achievements on the page are her letters. Varo had a habit of writing to strangers, a practice immortalized in her friend Leonora Carrington’s novel The Hearing Trumpet, in which the character Carmella Velasquez “writes letters all over the world to people she has never met and signs them with all sorts of romantic names, never her own . . . These wonderful letters fly off, in a celestial way, by airmail, in Carmella’s delicate handwriting. No one ever replies.” (The Paris Review, 14 Dec. 2018). This volume, as much a collection of writings as the traces of a personal archive, is of interest in and of itself and also for those wishing to fi nd connections between Varo’s work and her life. Margaret Carson translates fiction, poetry, essays, and drama from the Spanish. She has translated works by Sergio Chejfec, Mercedes Roffé, José Tomás de Cuéllar, and others. She is a former cochair of the PEN Translation Committee and teaches at City University of New York, Borough of Manhattan Community College. [MCG] TRANSLATIONS FROM THE PORTUGUESE Novels

1948 Buarque, Chico. My German brother. Translated from the Portuguese by Alison Entrekin. New York City: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2018. 193 p. My German Brother is the fi fth novel by Chico Buarque de Holanda, who goes by the shorter form of his name, Chico Buarque. The writer is the son of the great historian Sérgio Buarque de Holanda, author of the classic Raízes do Brasil (Roots of Brazil, 2012), originally published in 1936. Chico Buarque is one of the most famous and talented composers and lyricists of Brazil. His novel blends biography, autobiography, and fiction. The title refers to a fact: Sérgio Buarque de Holanda (in the novel, transformed into Sérgio de Hollander) had a son when he was a student in Germany. After

Sérgio went back to Brazil and married, the existence and whereabouts of the son was a family taboo. In an interview, Chico Buarque spoke about his mother’s resistance and opposition to any family discussion of her husband’s other son. Chico had been told about his brother in 1967 by none other than the poet Manuel Bandeira, who had been an intimate friend of Sérgio Buarque de Holanda. In the book, the discovery of the affair is given a more exciting novelistic version: one of Sérgio’s sons discovers the existence of the secret son thanks to a letter from Berlin, folded inside a book in the immense library of his intellectual father. Only after the death of his mother, in 2010, did Chico Buarque feel free to search for his brother. From his search, Chico Buarque learnt that his brother was dead. As he relates in the last paragraph of the book, his German brother had lived in Berlin, in Lenin Platz (now United Nations Square) in East Germany. Adopted by Arthur and Pauline Günther, under the name Horst Günther, the German brother changed his name to Sergio (without the obligatory diacritic used in Portuguese) Günther when he learned of his birth parents and, like Chico Buarque, he had become a famous singer. Chico Buarque met his widow, Monika Knebel, and her daughter, Kerstin Prügel and granddaughter, Josepha Prügel. The book also describes the author/ protaganist’s youth, in the years of the military dictatorship in Brazil (1964–85) [EVO]

1949 Cardoso, Lúcio. Chronicle of the murdered house. Translated by Margaret Jull Costa and Robin Patterson. Introduction by Benjamin Moser. Rochester, NY: Open Letter, 2016. 592 p. Chronicle of the Murdered House is set in a small town, Vila Velha, in the state of Minas Gerais. The story centers on the Meneses family whose prominence and wealth is slowly losing ground to the rapid economc and cultural changes of the 20th century—the exodus of rural populations into urban centers and the transformation of social customs and values. Valdo Meneses returns from a trip to Rio de Janeiro with a wife, Nina, who does not fit in and around whom much of the novel is written. The novel chronicles the decay and fragmentation of a traditional family from Minas Gerais. The narration is neither linear nor

Literature: Translations from Portuguese: Novels / 521 chronological, and the point of view of the narration changes with the insertion of letters, diaries, and memoirs, through which the reader discovers buried family secrets, like homosexuality and incest. [EVO]

1950 Lispector, Clarice. The besieged city. Translated by Johnny Lorenz. Edited by Benjamin Moser. New York: New Directions, 2019. 202 p. In 1971, Clarice Lispector revealed to Rio de Janeiro newspaper Correio da Manhã that The Besieged City was the book she had the greatest difficulty writing. We can see why, since, unusually for her style, the book is narrated in the third person, with a linear chronology and is divided into 12 chapters. In it, the protagonist Lucrécia Neves, as often happens in Clarice Lispector’s novels, is torn between the small world of a small town, in this case, São Geraldo, and the loneliness of the big city. The protagonist views São Geraldo from a romantic perspective and initially chooses to live and to stay there. Lucrécia likes house full of knick-knacks where she lives with her widowed mother. Torn between two men, Felipe and Perseu, Lucrécia ends up marrying a rich man from the city, prompting her to leave her cozy, beloved life in São Geraldo. In the city, there is loneliness, alienation, suffering, and incomprehension. Lucrécia’s life in the big city is an experience that confounds her, she feels trapped. Her husband has an orderly life of work to which Lucrécia does not feel she belongs. He is a human being whom she will only understand after his death. The search for identity in a vast and alien environment is a permanent theme in Clarice Lispector’s works and it is also present here. Lucrécia is similar to Macabéa from The Hour of the Star, expressing anxieties which both protagonists cannot explain or put into words. It is Lucrécia who is besieged in this big city. The monotony of her life and her marriage to Mateus cannot fulfil the immense vacuum of what Lucrécia sees as a senseless life, except, ironically, after his death, when she will understand her husband’s kindness and how their marriage made him, at least, happy. [EVO] 1951 Lispector, Clarice. The chandelier. Translated by Benjamin Moser and Magdalena Edwards. New York: New Directions Publishing Corporation, 2018. 316 p.

Originally titled O lustre (The Lamp), this is the second novel by Clarice Lispector. Virgínia, the protagonist has much in common with Joana (from Clarice Lispector’s fi rst novel, Perto do coração selvagem (1944), (translated as Near to the Wild Heart (1990)). Both protagonists represent evil and negativity. With recurring symbols, the novel invites different interpretations. Virgínia, as she leaves the big house on the small farm Quieta (Still) regrets that she failed to look at the old lamp, a recurring symbol of light in the novel, which revolves around regret, nostalgia, reminiscences. The novel, without chapters, flows constantly from Virgínia’s thoughts in free indirect style. Virgínia’s isolation is always complete, either at the small farm where she lived in that big house, now decayed, or in the big city to which she moves. Childhood remembrances involve an incestuous relationship with her brother Daniel, in which both are agents and victims of each other. Like other novels by the author, the main character meets her death alone, in the street, and like in A hora da estrela(1977) (translated as The Hour of the Star (1992, by Giovanni Pontiero, and Benjamin Moser in 2011)), run over by a car. Mired in psychological shadows, the presence of the lamp in Virgínia’s imagination is one of the dominant leitmotifs of the book. It is never clear, in the book, that the title piece is a chandelier, despite its shape like a big “glowing spider.” The term lamp chosen by Clarice Lispector evokes (both in Portuguese and English) a loose, more encompassing image, richer, and symbolically more ambiguous than the term chandelier—in Portuguese, candelabro -which she could have used in the title, but did not. [EVO]

1952 Torres, Fernanda. Glory and its litany of horrors. Translated by Eric M. B. Becker. Brooklyn, N.Y.: Restless Books, Inc., 2019. 219 p. Fernanda Torres, an actress, started as a cronista for the Brazilian newspaper Folha de São Paulo, and the weekly Veja Rio. Her selection of crônicas was published with the title Sete anos (Seven Years) (2014) after her initial novel Fim (The End) translated and published in 2013. As the author explains, the title of the book comes from a sentence frequently repeated by her mother, Fernanda

522 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Montenegro, one of the most significant actresses in Brazil. Glory and its Litany of Horrors narrated in the fi rst person in its fi rst part, by Mário Cardoso, a middle-aged actor, describes his successes and failures. It starts with the narration of a disastrous pro-

duction of King Lear in the Rio de Janeiro of the 60s, in the middle of the military dictatorship (1964–85) and in the context of cultural repression and resistance, with a critical appraisal of the inevitable selling out of cultural artifacts to capitalism. [EVO]

MUSIC GENERAL 1953 El charango: historias y tradiciones vivas. Edición y compilación de Julio Mendívil. Vienna: Hollitzer; Caracas: Fundación Celarg, 2018. 611 p.: bibl., ill., music. (Coleccion de Musicologia Latinoamericana, Francisco Curt Lange) This massive anthology of writing about the Andean charango covers nearly a century of scholarship. Gathering two dozen articles originally published in multiple countries and continents, some long out of print and fi rst written in other languages (all appear here in Spanish), Mendívil provides a defi nitive and singular collection of writings about the popular instrument. The fi rst half of the volume focuses on the history of the charango, from Argentine scholar Héctor Gallac’s inaugural 1937 article on the instrument to Mendívil’s critical assessment in 2012 of Bolivian and Peruvian nationalist claims to its origins. The second half, entitled “Tradiciones vivas,” focuses on contextual studies of the instrument as part of living musical traditions in different regions of the Andes. See also item 2104. [J. Ritter] 1954 Cultural nationalism and ethnic music in Latin America. Edited by William H. Beezley. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2018. 261 p.: index. An important collection of 11 essays on a wide variety of Latin American musical themes, focused on the role of music and cultural expressions in the formation of national and ethnic identity. Covers in detail topics relating to music in Mexico, Argentina, Cuba, Brazil, and elsewhere. Some individual contributions are reviewed separately in HLAS (see items 2060, 2071, 2086, and 2171). [J. Koegel]

1955 Kelly-McHale, Jacqueline and Carlos R. Abril. The space between worlds: music education and Latino children. (in Oxford handbook of social justice in music education. Edited by Cathy Benedict et al. New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, 2015, p. 156–172) An examination of the music and social justice movement as related to Latino students in the US music education establishment. Shows how current educational practices in music may contribute to the “alienation of Latino families,” and how effective, positive change can occur. [J. Koegel] 1956 Músicas coloniales a debate: procesos de intercambio euroamericanos. Edición de Javier Marín López. Madrid: Instituto Complutense de Ciencias Musicales, 2018. 715 p.: bibl., ill., index, music. (Colección Música Hispana. Textos. Estudios; 22) A very valuable collection of wonderfully illustrated essays, with 34 chapters that deal in various ways with Iberoamerican musical exchange from the 16th through the 19th centuries, up to and including the different Latin American independence movements. Somewhat unusually for monographs covering earlier periods of Latin American music history published in Spain, a significant group of essays deal with Portuguese-speaking Brazil, and Spanish-speaking Cuba, in their own, long-enduring colonial periods. Sacred and secular musical life in major centers such as Mexico City, Puebla, and Lima, as well as regional centers, such as Valladolid (current-day Morelia) and mission territories such as Chiquitos (Bolivia) are examined with equally careful attention. Sacred music making by Indigenous peoples in various parts of Latin America is given important

524 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 coverage in this volume. Highly recommended. [J. Koegel]

1957 Transatlantic malagueñas and zapateados in music, song and dance: Spaniards, Natives, Africans, Roma. Edited by K. Meira Goldberg, Walter Aaron Clark, and Antoni Pizà. Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2019. 489 p.: bibl., ill., maps. An important volume of scholarly proceedings from the conference “Natives, Africans, Roma, and Europeans: Transatlantic Rhythms in Music, Song, and Dance,” held in Veracruz in April 2019. A very diverse range of topics relating to Latin America, Spain, and elsewhere in Europe is represented, and geographic coverage extends from Europe, to Hispanic California and New Mexico, Mexico, and throughout Latin America and the Caribbean. Dance and music scholars examine the role of popular dance in various cultures and time periods with an emphasis on the malagueña, zapateado, and fandango, and related forms from Spain and Latin America. Dance choreographies and terminology,

musical styles and genres, and their place in the transatlantic and transpacific music and dance exchange are examined in 26 chapters. Highly recommended. [J. Koegel]

1958 El villancico en la encrucijada: nuevas perspectivas en torno a un género literario-musical (siglos XV-XIX). Edición de Esther Borrego Gutiérrez y Javier Marín López. Kassel, Germany: Edition Reichenberger, 2019. 627 p.: bibl., ill., index, music. (Teatro del siglo de oro. Estudios de literatura; 134) (Iberian early music studies; 3) Many scholars from throughout the Iberian peninsula and Latin America examine the sacred villancico genre and its immense geographic and cultural spread from multiple prisms and vantage points— musical, performance, (para)liturgical, textual, religious, political, and others—and delve deeply into the villancico’s many meanings, usages, and practices. Copiously illustrated with musical and textual examples. At least six of the 22 chapters cover music in colonial-era Latin America. (Some chapters overlap in geographic coverage.) [J. Koegel]

MEXICO JOHN KOEGEL , Professor of Musicology, California State University, Fullerton

IN THE PERIOD SINCE the previous Humanities volume, HLAS 74, was published, scholarship on Mexican music has continued to flourish, despite the effects on everyday and scholarly life of the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic begun in early 2020. Although publication of the leading Mexican music journals Heterofonía and Pauta unfortunately has been paused for several years, other Mexican, as well as Latin American, Spanish, British, and US journals devoted to musicological and historical research continue to publish important scholarship. For example, the collection of articles in Historia Mexicana (Vol. 70, No. 4, 2021) by five leading Mexican musicologists breaks new ground in its presentation and interpretation of important events in Mexican musical history (items 1980, 2001, 2013, 2032, and 2040). The online multilingual journal Diagonal, sponsored by the Center for Iberian and Latin American Music at the University of California, Riverside, has published numerous excellent studies of Mexican music in recent years (https:// escholarship.org/uc/diagonal). The journal Cuadernos de Iconografía Musical has likewise published (online and in print) a number of important studies of Mexican musical iconography (items 1960, 1988, 2006, 2016, 2024, 2027, 2028, 2029, 2030, 2034, and 2035). Research on the important use of plainchant in the

524 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 coverage in this volume. Highly recommended. [J. Koegel]

1957 Transatlantic malagueñas and zapateados in music, song and dance: Spaniards, Natives, Africans, Roma. Edited by K. Meira Goldberg, Walter Aaron Clark, and Antoni Pizà. Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2019. 489 p.: bibl., ill., maps. An important volume of scholarly proceedings from the conference “Natives, Africans, Roma, and Europeans: Transatlantic Rhythms in Music, Song, and Dance,” held in Veracruz in April 2019. A very diverse range of topics relating to Latin America, Spain, and elsewhere in Europe is represented, and geographic coverage extends from Europe, to Hispanic California and New Mexico, Mexico, and throughout Latin America and the Caribbean. Dance and music scholars examine the role of popular dance in various cultures and time periods with an emphasis on the malagueña, zapateado, and fandango, and related forms from Spain and Latin America. Dance choreographies and terminology,

musical styles and genres, and their place in the transatlantic and transpacific music and dance exchange are examined in 26 chapters. Highly recommended. [J. Koegel]

1958 El villancico en la encrucijada: nuevas perspectivas en torno a un género literario-musical (siglos XV-XIX). Edición de Esther Borrego Gutiérrez y Javier Marín López. Kassel, Germany: Edition Reichenberger, 2019. 627 p.: bibl., ill., index, music. (Teatro del siglo de oro. Estudios de literatura; 134) (Iberian early music studies; 3) Many scholars from throughout the Iberian peninsula and Latin America examine the sacred villancico genre and its immense geographic and cultural spread from multiple prisms and vantage points— musical, performance, (para)liturgical, textual, religious, political, and others—and delve deeply into the villancico’s many meanings, usages, and practices. Copiously illustrated with musical and textual examples. At least six of the 22 chapters cover music in colonial-era Latin America. (Some chapters overlap in geographic coverage.) [J. Koegel]

MEXICO JOHN KOEGEL , Professor of Musicology, California State University, Fullerton

IN THE PERIOD SINCE the previous Humanities volume, HLAS 74, was published, scholarship on Mexican music has continued to flourish, despite the effects on everyday and scholarly life of the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic begun in early 2020. Although publication of the leading Mexican music journals Heterofonía and Pauta unfortunately has been paused for several years, other Mexican, as well as Latin American, Spanish, British, and US journals devoted to musicological and historical research continue to publish important scholarship. For example, the collection of articles in Historia Mexicana (Vol. 70, No. 4, 2021) by five leading Mexican musicologists breaks new ground in its presentation and interpretation of important events in Mexican musical history (items 1980, 2001, 2013, 2032, and 2040). The online multilingual journal Diagonal, sponsored by the Center for Iberian and Latin American Music at the University of California, Riverside, has published numerous excellent studies of Mexican music in recent years (https:// escholarship.org/uc/diagonal). The journal Cuadernos de Iconografía Musical has likewise published (online and in print) a number of important studies of Mexican musical iconography (items 1960, 1988, 2006, 2016, 2024, 2027, 2028, 2029, 2030, 2034, and 2035). Research on the important use of plainchant in the

Music: Mexico / 525

Catholic liturgy in Mexico and Latin America—which was the most ubiquitous form of sacred music there for several centuries—up to recently has been generally ignored in musical scholarship. However, Barbara Haggh-Huglo, one of the leading chant experts, has turned her attention to Mexico and its extremely rich musical plainchant sources from New Spain and newly independent Mexico, and she promises an even larger study on the topic (see item 2004). Another previously neglected topic, Mexican wind bands and their music in Mexico, has been investigated in recent years by a number of authors, and the journal Estudios Bandísticos, published in Spain by the Asociación Nacional de Directores de Banda (https:// www.estudiosbandisticos.com/es/inicio/), includes studies of Mexican band music (see Castillo Silva (items 1977 and 1978), Díaz-Santana Garza (items 1989, 1990, and 1991), and Moreda Rodríguez (item 2015)). In addition to journal articles, book publication on Mexican musical topics continues apace. Jacqueline Avila’s excellent study of Mexican film music is the only comprehensive study of its kind and covers developments in fi lm music composition and reception in various fi lm genres in the época de oro of Mexican cinema (item 1968). Leonora Saavedra’s collection of essays (item 2033) has as its origins her presentations for the prestigious Cátedra Jesús C. Romero lecture series at Mexico’s national music research institute, CENIDIM. Jesús A. Ramos-Kittrell’s edited volume, Decentering the Nation: Music, Mexicanidad, and Globalization (item 1986), covers global, transnational, and transborder Mexican musical genres and themes. Other important edited collections of essays that include studies of Mexican music have appeared recently, such as De Nueva España a México (item 1985), in honor of 400 years of Mexican musical history; El villancico en la encrucijada (item 1958), dedicated to the villancico genre; and Músicas coloniales a debate (item 1956), covering the colonial transatlantic musical exchange between the Americas and Europe. Three catalogs of Mexican music collections provide important information about musical sources: Aurelio Tello and his collaborators’ magisterial catalog and study of the Colección Sánchez Garza; Áurea Maya’s catalog of the special collections music archive at the Conservatorio Nacional de Música; and the jointly authored third volume of the complete catalog of the Mexico City Cathedral music archive (items 2038, 2009, and 1979). Finally, Drew Edward Davies’ excellent critical music edition of sacred music from New Spain makes it possible for musicians to perform the surviving villancicos of the important colonial-era composer Manuel de Sumaya, whose music has attracted worldwide interest and performance in recent years (item 2041).

1959 Aguirre-Lora, Georgina María Esther. Revuelo entre los músicos académicos: los primeros congresos nacionales de música (1926, 1928). (Rev. Iberoam. Educ. Super., 7:20, 2016, p. 79–93.) Covers the fi rst national music congresses held in Mexico City in 1926 and 1928, which had among their principal goals the examination of music in the construction of national identity, and the modernization of professional musical study in the country. A wide variety of diverse

perspectives on how to achieve these goals were represented in these congresses, whose influence was felt long afterward.

1960 Alarcón Guerrero, Roque. Permanencia y cambio: comentarios sobre las exposiciones realizadas por el Conservatorio Nacional de Música del INBA y la Facultad de Música de la UNAM. (Cuad. Iconogr. Mus., 3:2, nov. 2016, p. 143–150, ill.) In 2016, the National Music Conservatory of the National Institute of Fine Arts

526 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 and Literature (INBAL) and the Music Faculty at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) sponsored exhibitions highlighting the contributions made by composers, singers, and instrumentalists to the musical life of Mexico City, as well as the contributions of both educational institutions.

1961 Alegre González, Lizzette Amalia et al. Surcando el lado oscuro de la luna: mujeres fandangueras. (in Mujeres en la Nueva España. Edición de Alberto Baena Zapatero y Estela Roselló Soberón. Ciudad de México: UNAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas, 2016, p. 181–204, music) Examines the previously littleunderstood role of women popular musicians and dancers in New Spain. 1962 Álvarez Meneses, Rogelio. El concierto para piano, op. 22 (1904) de Ricardo Castro (1864–1907): contextualización histórica y aproximación analítica. (Diagonal, 6:1, 2021, p. 1–39, bibl., ill., music, table) Ricardo Castro Herrera’s (1864–1907) only Concerto for Piano and Orchestra was the fi rst one of its kind written by a Mexican composer. The author analyzes the work in musical terms, positions it in the context of Mexican concert music of the time, shows how it relates to European works in the same genre, and how it reflects developments in Mexican art music composition. He also gives a biographical summary and discusses the premiere of the work. 1963 Álvarez Meneses, Rogelio. La prensa y la configuración del repertorio operístico mexicano: el caso de Atzimba (1899– 1900). (in Música lírica y prensa en España (1868–1936): ópera, drama lírico y zarzuela. Edición de José Ignacio Suárez García, Ramón Sobrino Sánchez y María Encina Cortizo Rodríguez. Oviedo, Spain: Universidad de Oviedo, 2018, p. 223–230, bibl.) The author documents the reception history of Ricardo Castro’s Mexican opera Atzimba (1899–1900) and positions the work in the context of operatic composition in Mexico. 1964 Álvarez Meneses, Rogelio. La obra de cámara de Ricardo Castro Herrera (1864–1907). (Rev. Musicol./Madrid, 42:1, enero/junio 2019, p. 103–129, music, table)

Piano virtuoso Ricardo Castro was also one of the most important composers in late 19th- and early-20th Mexico, and he composed works in almost all genres: solo piano works, art songs, opera, concertos, symphonic works, and chamber music. The author sketches the history of chamber music composition in Mexico in Castro’s time, and evaluates Castro’s chamber music in that context and in connection with European developments in that form. Although Castro’s piano music and his opera Atzimba are better known today than his chamber music—Atzimba is more frequently written about than performed—his chamber music, in which he took part as performer, is also important.

1965 Amézaga Heiras, Gustavo. Verde, blanco y encarnado: los retratos de Ángela Peralta durante el Segundo Imperio Mexicano. (An. Inst. Invest. Estét., 42:117, 2020, p. 9–49, ill.) A beautifully illustrated study of the images of Mexican opera singer Ángela Peralta (1845–83), known as “El Ruiseñor Mexicano,” and her circle of family and friends, many unseen before. The author demonstrates how Peralta’s triumphant return in 1865 to Mexico from Europe sparked a strong demand for her image among her admiring public during the Second Mexican Empire. 1966 Ares Yebra, Javier. Ígor Stravinski en México (1940–1961), recepción e influencia en los músicos españoles del exilio: el caso de Jesús Bal y Gay. (An. Inst. Invest. Estét., 43:118, 2021, p. 33–66, ill.) Charts the reception of the music of Russian composer Igor Stravinsky in Mexico between 1940 and 1961 and his influence on important figures in Mexican national musical life, including the exiled Spanish musicologist and composer Jesús Bal y Gay, long resident in Mexico, who did much to promote Stravinsky and his music in Mexico. 1967 Argyriadis, Kali. The sense of belonging, or not, to a transnational network: performers and promoters of Afro- Cuban music and dance in Veracruz, Mexico. (in Lives in music: mobility and change in a global context. Routledge studies in ethnomusicology. Abingdon: New York: Routledge, 2020, p. 94–118)

Music: Mexico / 527 Studies Afro-Cuban religious practices and music and dance in Veracruz, based on extensive fieldwork conducted by the author between 2004 and 2010.

1968 Avila, Jacqueline A. Cinesonidos: fi lm music and national identity during Mexico’s Época de Oro. New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, 2019. 274 p.: bibl., ill., index. (The Oxford music/media series) One of the most important books on Mexican music published in recent decades. Closely examines the use and importance of music in five important Mexican fi lm genres—the prostitute melodrama, the indigenista fi lm, the cine de añoranza porfi riana (fi lms of Porfi rian nostalgia), fi lms about the Mexican Revolution, and the comedia ranchera. Avila presents examples from all these genres, and discusses the many ways in which the use of orchestral, popular, and folkloric music in the Mexican national fi lm industry, especially during its Época de Oro, contributed to the construction of Mexican national identity. Deeply researched, wonderfully contextualized, and compellingly written, a major tour de force and the most important work on the topic published to date. 1969 Barrañón Cedillo, Alejandro Augusto. The Mexican artistic renaissance in the twentieth century: influences of evolutionary painting in the ballets of Carlos Chávez. (in Music and figurative arts in the twentieth century. Edited by Roberto Illiano. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2016, p. 355–365, ill.) Mexican composer Carlos Chávez was connected in various ways to many of the most important Mexican visual artists of his time, including David Alfaro Siqueiros, José Clemente Orozco, Diego Rivera, Rufi no Tamayo, and Frida Kahlo, among others. The author examines the influences of some of these artists on Chávez’s compositions, especially on his ballet scores: El fuego nuevo (1921), Los cuatro soles (1925), and HP (1926). 1970 Barrón Corvera, Jorge. Cuarteto de cuerdas de Manuel M. Ponce dedicado a Paul Duka. (Diagonal, 6:1, 2021, p. 41–56, ill., music) Presents a close musical and historical analysis of Manuel M. Ponce’s Cuarteto

de cuerdas, in which the composer mixes Mexican nationalist impulses with modernist compositional techniques. It is one of Ponce’s most ambitious and important chamber music works.

1971 Barrón Corvera, Jorge. Samuel Zyman’s Concerto for Cello and Orchestra: an analytical approach. (Diagonal, 5:2, 2020, p. 78–106, music) Mexican composer Samuel Zyman’s Concerto for Cello and Orchestra mixes a formal compositional freedom with contemporary and older musical references while establishing a neomodal foundation. The author analyzes Zyman’s score and includes a transcript of his interview with the composer. 1972 Bitrán Goren, Yael. Dos reglamentos de teatro en el México decimonónico: la construcción de una nueva civilidad. (Rev. Arg. Musicol., 21:1, 2020, p. 17–32) The author closely examines two theatrical regulations from 1824 and 1853, and shows how the Mexican elite—as part of the nation-building project after Independence—took control of theatrical space and practice, to achieve a systematized order based on perceived European theatrical and musical models. The performance of foreign opera, and, to a lesser extent, national Mexican opera, was to symbolize a harmonious social order according to elite-class sentiment, although social class tensions existed. 1973 Black, Amanda M. “Little dancing Indians”: tradition and utopian listening in San Miguel de Allende, Mexico. (J. Soc. Am. Music, 13:4, Nov. 2019, p. 436–460, ill.) The beautiful touristic and artsoriented colonial-era Mexican city of San Miguel de Allende in the state of Guanajuato serves as a case study for the close examination of the confl ict between income-generating tourism, with its promotion of Indigenous danza performance, and the racialized experiences of young San Miguelenses and their promotion of the perceived noise of hip hop in the town’s historic center. 1974 Bonfi l Batalla, Guillermo; Teresa Rojas Rabiela; and Ricardo Pérez. Corridos, trovas y bolas de la región Amecameca-Cuautla: colección de Don

528 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Miguelito Salomón. Ciudad de México: FCE; Ciesas; Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo; El Colegio de Morelos, 2018. 279 p., 10 unnumbered pages of plates: bibl., facsims., ill. (some color), index, plates. (Tezontle) An important study of the manuscript cancionero (song collection) of trovador Miguelito Salomón (b. 1897), which includes numerous song texts for corridos and canciones, as well as poetry. Salomón was a song collector and singer from Amecameca (Estado de México). The editing and analysis of this collector’s life work was begun by the late Guillermo Bonfi l Batalla, and completed by his co-authors.

1975 Campbell, Patricia Shehan and Leticia Soto Flores. Mariachi music: pathway to expressing Mexican musical identity. (in Sustainable futures for music cultures: an ecological perspective. Edited by Huib Schippers and Catherine Grant. New York: Oxford University Press, 2016, p. 271–301) Mexican mariachi music has circumnavigated the globe, both in traditional and popularized modern forms. The authors examine global aspects of mariachi through reference to commercial recordings, as well as by highlighting the perspectives of its fi rst-hand participants. They also identify issues in the institutionalization of mariachi in academic settings. 1976 Cashner, Andrew A. Hearing faith: music as theology in the Spanish empire. Leiden, Netherlands; Boston, Mass.: Brill, 2020. 244 p.: bibl., ill., index, maps, music. (Studies in the history of Christian traditions; 194) Cashner’s examination of how the Spanish Empire—from Madrid to Puebla in New Spain—used music “to connect faith and hearing” breaks new ground in the study of the vernacular villancio genre, known throughout Latin America during the colonial era. A significant study, based on archival digging, close readings of villancico texts, and musical analysis. Illustrated with many pertinent musical examples. 1977 Castillo Silva, Vilka Elisa. Blowing the tradition: women performing in the Banda Sinfónica de Marina-Armada de

México. (in Women’s bands in America: performing music and gender. Edited by Jill M Sullivan. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 2017, p. 325–341) A pioneering study about the role of women in the Mexican professional military band, the Banda Sinfónica de Marina-Armada, and, by extension, in other Mexican wind bands. Women have long been outsiders in the Mexican (and other Latin American) band traditions and organizations and have purposely been kept out of church, village, local, regional, and national ensembles. The author shows how in Mexico, as in other countries, because of this gender exclusion, women formed their own all-female bands, at least some of which achieved national and international recognition. However, the current situation, although far from equal at present, has significantly improved in comparison with the earlier almost total exclusion of women from the many large diverse Mexican wind band worlds.

1978 Castillo Silva, Vilka Elisa. Música y poder: las rutas de navegación de la Banda Sinfónica de la Secretaría de MarinaArmada de México. (Estud. Bandísticos, 3, 2019, p. 159–163) A published summary of the author’s doctoral dissertation submitted to the Facultad de Música, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México in 2018. A portion of this dissertation was published in Women’s bands in America: performing music and gender, in English, and abstracted in item 1977. 1979 Catálogo de obras de música del Archivo del Cabildo Catedral Metropolitano de México. v. 3, Maitines, oficios de difuntos, series de responsorios, invitatorios, lecciones y responsorios individuales. Edición de Lucero Enríquez Rubio, Drew Edward Davies y Analía Cherñavsky. Ciudad de México: UNAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas 2019. 609 p.: bibl., ill. The third volume in the ongoing series of catalogs of the important music archive at Mexico City Cathedral, organized and inventoried by the MUSICAT project staff. This volume combines listings of various musical genres not covered in the earlier volumes, with musical incipits, along with

Music: Mexico / 529 clearly reproduced facsimiles of musical manuscripts, and a study of this repertory. An important addition to the understanding of the content and significance of Mexican colonial-era archival music collections. For a review of vol. 1, see HLAS 72:2787. For a review of vol. 2, see HLAS 74:2708.

1980 Chávez Bárcenas, Ireri Elizabeth. Voz, afecto y representación nahua en la canción vernácula del siglo XVII. (Hist. Mex./México, 70:4, abril/junio. 2021, p. 1829–1868, ill., music) Closely examines the four villancicos written to Náhuatl texts by composer Gaspar Fernández for Christmas in Puebla Cathderal in 1610 and 1614. These villancicos have attracted attention because in their villancico texts, indios are represented as humble shepherds who sympathize with the sufferings of Christ. The author takes into account the intense debate about the exploitation of Indigenous peoples, especially those connected with the textile industry, and examines possible motivations that inspired the composition of Gaspar Fernández’s four villancicos. She also shows how study of these musical works can shed new light on the representation in devotional song of poverty and suffering as emblematic of Indigenous peoples. A very important study. 1981 Clark, Walter Aaron. Robert Stevenson’s Inter-American Music Review. (Diagonal, 1:2, 2016, p. 100–103) A brief overview of the history, content, and purpose of the pioneering musicologist Robert M. Stevenson’s (1916–2012) journal Inter-American Music Review (issued 1978–2007, in 17 volumes), which mostly published Stevenson’s own, always unsigned articles. Stevenson was such a prolific researcher, and in such a wide variety of areas, that it seemed only natural to him to publish a journal to contain his output. However, he did also publish other authors’ work, and in his journal he strongly promoted research in Spanish, Portuguese, and Latin American musics, as well as scholarship on music of the US. 1982 Contreras Soto, Eduardo. Reseña de El Festival de Música Antigua de Úbeda y Baeza, y su Congreso Internacional “De Nueva España a México: El Universo

Musical Mexicano entre Centenarios (1517– 1917).” (Diagonal, 3:2, 2018, p. 84–91) A comprehensive review of the 2017 version of the annual early music festival and related international musicological conference held in the cities of Úbeda and Baeza in the province of Andalucia. Known for their impressive Renaissance-era architecture, the closeby cities of Úbeda and Baeza are appropriate locations for this annual early music festival that features professional performances of Spanish and Latin American early music. As the title indicates, the conference held in 2017 examined five centuries (and more) of Mexican musical life, and also resulted in an impressive publication of the same name, discussed elsewhere in this review (see item 1985).

1983 Daria, James. Community music on campus: collaborative research, activist methods and critical pedagogy in a fandango-based participatory music programme. (Int. J. Comm. Music, 11:1, 2018, p. 91–108, ill.) Examines community music activities centered on the performance of the traditional Mexican folk music genre of son jarocho, from Veracruz, in an academic, university setting. The project linked community members, under-represented students, and traditional music practioners through the performance of fandango. 1984 De la Peza Casares, María del Carmen. Hip-hop in Ciudad Juarez: a form of political participation. (in Sonic politics: music and social movements in the Americas. Edited by Olaf Kaltmeier and Wilfried Raussert. Abingdon, U.K.: Routledge, 2019, p. 121–141) Presents a case study of the global dissemination of hip-hop music, with an emphasis on the women’s hip-hop group Femeninos from Ciudad Juárez. Shows how hip-hop expression in this large border city, with a high rate of violence, especially against women, undermines patriarchal authority in subversive ways. 1985 De Nueva España a México: el universo musical mexicano entre centenarios (1517–1917). Edición de Javier Marín-López. Sevilla, Spain: Universidad Internacional de Andalucía, 2020. 740 p.: ill.

530 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 A major and quite substantial collection of 29 essays by 30 leading scholars of Mexican music celebrating 500 years of music-making in Mexico, originating in the 2017 conference of the same title as that of this book that was held in the city of Baeza in the province of Jaén in Andalucia, Spain (see item 1982). Covers a very diverse range of Mexican musical topics and Mexican music elsewhere (in Los Angeles and London, for example). Includes chapters covering important composers (Juan Gutiérrez de Padilla, Antonio de Salazar, Julián Carrillo, Julián Carrillo), popular musical theater and opera, Beethoven reception in Mexico, music and politics, women and music in Mexico, musical criticism, mission music in northwest Mexico, musical iconography, traditional sones, military music, musical organology, and other topics. A very valuable and beautifully produced and edited source.

1986 Decentering the nation: music, Mexicanidad, and globalization. Edited by Jesús A. Ramos-Kittrell. Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books, 2020. 241 p.: bibl., ill., index, music. (Music, culture, and identity in Latin America) A valuable edited collection of 11 essays by leading Mexican, Latinx, Chicanx, and other scholars who examine a variety of global, transnational, and transborder Mexican musical genres and themes, including Afrodiasporic influences in the cine de rumberas, Indigenous dance, singer Chavela Vargas, queer mexicanidad, narco-music, Texas-Mexican conjunto and cultural memory, cumbia in Mexican contexts, border studies, and Chicanx music and culture in Southern California.

gráfica referencial en el diseño de cajas de órgano en las provincias de Puebla y Tlaxcala (México). (Cuad. Iconogr. Mus., 3:2, nov. 2016, p. 71–102, ill.) The state of Puebla has the greatest number of historic organs in all of Mexico, and the state of Tlaxcala is also rich in historic organs. In 1538 Charles V granted the city of Puebla a distinctive coat of arms featuring five towers, the design of which is mirrored in the five horizontal groups of tall organ pipes in numerous 18th- and 19th-century organs in Puebla and Tlaxcala. A major organological study of an important topic.

1989 Díaz-Santana Garza, Luis. Between norteño and tejano conjunto: music, tradition, and culture at the U.S.-Mexico border. Foreword by Walter Aaron Clark. Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books, 2021. 161 p.: bibl., ill., index. (Music, culture, and identity in Latin America) Examines the connections between Mexican música norteña and TexasMexican conjunto music, from northeastern Mexico and the US Southwest, respectively. Shows how local identity relates to musical performance and audience consumption, and how these two very closely related genres have been assimilated internationally into larger Latino popular music worlds. Focuses on genres common to both música norteña and conjunto tejano, such as the polka, corrido, and canción, and, more recently, the bolero and cumbia. See item 1990 for a comment on a related publication also by Díaz-Santana Garza.

1987 Del mariache al mariachi, música y músicos. Coordinación de Francisco Samaniega. Jalisco, Mexico: Secretaría de Cultura, Gobierno del Estado de Jalisco: El Colegio de Jalisco, 2018. 287 p.: bibl., ill., index, music. Collection of essays from an international colloquium on the history of the mariachi and mariachi music in Mexico, elsewhere in Latin America, and in the US.

1990 Díaz-Santana Garza, Luis. Historia de la música norteña mexicana: desde los grupos precursores al auge del narcocorrido. Ciudad de México: Autonomous University of Zacatecas, 2015. 227 p.: bibl., ill. Díaz-Santana Garza gives an excellent history and interpretation of the popular genre of música norteña, from northeastern Mexico, covering early precursors to present-day performers and songwriters. Also see his English-language volume, item 1989 which covers much of the same material.

1988 Delgado Parra, Gustavo and Ofelia Gómez Castellanos. El escudo de armas de la ciudad de Puebla: fuente icono-

1991 Díaz-Santana Garza, Luis. “Los vivas eran oídos a lo lejos entre el estruendo de las bandas militares”: the promotion of

Music: Mexico / 531 music during the Second Mexican Empire. (Diagonal, 6:2, 2021, p. 66–82, music) Discusses the use of various types of music during the Second Mexican Empire in the 1860s, and examines the influence of the Hapsburg Emperor Maximilian I, focusing both on politics as related to music and musical practices.

1992 Díaz-Santana Garza, Luis. La percepción de la guitarra en las ediciones mexicanas: desde fi nales del virreinato al siglo de independencia. (Diagonal, 5:2, 2020, p. 50–65) The guitar was strongly embraced by all sectors of Mexican society in the 19th century—often the 7-string variety. Santana Garza summaries the history of the guitar in Mexico in that century, based on newspaper and journal reportage, and extends his purview to the place of the guitar in Mexican California after 1850. 1993 Díez-Canedo Flores, María. “Por su particular cuidado y asistencia para la enseñanza”: aproximaciones a la enseñanza de instrumentos musicales en Nueva España durante el siglo XVIII. (in Saberes compartidos: tradición clásica, cultura hispánica e identidades criollas en el Nuevo Mundo (siglos XVI-XIX). Edición de Àlex Gómez Romero. Barcelona: Universidad de Barcelona; Valladolid: Centro para la Edición de los Clásicos Españoles; Barcelona: Bellaterra, 2018, p. 51–72, ill.) Covers colonial-era music teaching at the Colegio de Infantes de Coro of Mexico City Cathedral (the cathedral choir school for boys), the Colegio de San Gregorio in Mexico City, and the Colegio de San Ignacio de Loyola (“Vizcaínas” for girls), also in Mexico City. 1994 Eslava Estrada, Francisco Fernando. El mundo sonoro de Lucas Alamán: tertulias, jarabes y guitarras de siete órdenes entre el ocaso de la Nueva España y los albores del México independiente. (Let. Hist./ Guadalajara, 16, primavera 2017, p. 93–110, music) Mexican politician, historian, and writer Lucas Alamán (1792–1853), a leader of the conservative faction in Mexican politics, cast a long shadow on national life and politics during the fi rst half of the 19th century. He was also a music lover, and possibly also

a musician—a guitarist. Some previously unknown musical sources have recently surfaced that demonstrate Alemán’s connections to music, and demonstrate the importance of the guitarra séptima (seven-string guitar) to the Mexican repertory.

1995 Favila, Cesar D. The sound of profession: ceremonies in Novohispanic convents. (J. Soc. Am. Music, 13:2, May 2019, p. 143–170, bibl., ill., music) An important study that closely examines the use of music in its many facets in the elaborate ceremonies for nun’s profession of vows in New Spain, and focuses particularly on the Order of the Immaculate Conception (Conceptionists), especially the Convento de la Santísima Trinidad, founded in 17th-century Puebla. Favila studies musical manuscripts preserved in the Sánchez Garza Collection, at the Centro Nacional de Investigación, Documentación e Información Musical “Carlos Chávez” (CENIDIM). 1996 Fermín, Antonio. México. (in Music education in the Caribbean and Latin America: a comprehensive guide. Edited by Raymond Torres-Santos. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 2017, p. 129–138.) An ambitious-but-all-too-brief overview that attempts in just a few pages to review the entirety of musical life in Mexico since precolonial days. 1997 García, Peter J. New Mexico’s IndoHispano racialized dances and fandango diversions: recovering northern Rio Grande sones, jarabes, and danzas through the mid-twentieth century. (in Transatlantic malagueñas and zapateados in music, song and dance: Spaniards, Natives, Africans, Roma. Edited by K. Meira Goldberg. Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2019, p. 116–128) Mexican New Mexico (1821–48) and US territorial New Mexico (1850–1912) was a site for intercultural contact and confl ict, between long-settled Hispano residents, Native Puebloan peoples—the fi rst nations in this region—and recently arrived immigrants from Europe and the eastern and Midwestern US. García positions his study of Hispano dance and dance music practices and the public fandango within the context of this clash of cultures.

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1998 García Corona, León F. Music, politics, and sentimentalism in bolero. (Lat. Am. Music Rev., 40:2, Fall/Winter 2019, p. 138–168, ill., music) Demonstrates how the popular music genre of the bolero—begun in Cuba and Mexico by the 1920s—highlighted a “discourse of economic struggle” at the same time that it provided “symbolic and economic capital.” Focuses principally on two famous Mexican songwriters who contributed significantly to bolero composition— Guty Cárdenas and Agustín Lara—and the popular singer, Pedro Infante, and their connections with this important form. A valuable study.

The 1892 celebration in Mexico of the 400th anniversary of Columbus’ “discovery” of the “New World” was accompanied by the premiere of Mexican composer Julio Morales’ opera Colombo a Santo Domingo, by the Compañía de Ópera Italiana of the operatic impresario Napoleón Sieni. However, the work was not well received and was quickly withdrawn, not to be heard of again until the present author discovered the work and its manuscript score. An excellent study that weaves together careful musical analysis and the results of deep research in the very large body of Mexican periodical writing of the time, especially newpapers and magazines.

1999 García Gómez, Arturo. Nacionalismo e identidad musical en México independiente: de Catalina de Guisa a Guatimotzin. (Cienc. Nicolaita, 72, dic. 2017, p. 7–32, music) Looks at sociopolitical and cultural conditions in later 19th-century Mexico, with an emphasis on the composition and reception history of three operas by Mexican composers: Melesio Morales’ Ildegonda, Cenobio Paniagua’s Catalina de Guisa, and Aniceto Ortega’s Mexican-themed Guatimotzin.

2002 Gutiérrez Guzmán, Jesús. Orquesta sinfónica de Michoacán: origenes. Morelia, Mexico: Secretaría de Cultura de Michoacán, 2017. 333 p: bibl., ill. A comprehensive, useful, and welldocumented history of orchestral music in the city of Morelia, Michoacán, including the precursors to the current statesupported Orquesta Sinfónica de Michoacán (founded in 1939), such as 19th-century predecessor symphonic ensembles and the orquesta típica tradition in Michoacán.

2000 Gibson, Christina Taylor. Identity and the neoclassical ideal in Martha Graham and Carlos Chávez’s Dark Meadow. (Twentieth-Century Music, 18:1, Feb. 2021, p. 95–124) An important study of the dance and musical collaboration between American choreographer and dancer Martha Graham and Mexican composer and conductor Carlos Chávez with their work Dark Meadow (1946). Taylor Gibson reveals that the GrahamChávez collaboration was riddled with “antagonism, misunderstanding, [. . .] and regret on both sides.” She also clearly and compellingly examines issues of artistic expectation, gender identity, and the racist “othering” of Chávez by the US press. Despite these challenges, Dark Meadow “continues to represent the mid-century modernist aesthetic.” 2001 Gómez Rivas, Armando. Análisis musicológico post mortem: Colombo a Santo Domingo o la ópera del centenario. (Hist. Mex./México, 70:4:, abril/junio 2021, p. 1917–1948, music, tables)

2003 Guzmán Bravo, José Antonio. Inventario que contiene instrumentos y papeles de música, México, 1782. (Cuad. Investig. Musical, 9, enero/junio 2020, p. 84–105) Presents an analysis of an important and extensive inventory from 1782 listing musical scores and instruments that belonged to Miguel de Berrio, the Marqués del Jarral, a rich and influential music-loving Mexico City-based aristocrat. Violins by the best makers, as well as other instruments, were in his collection, and the 1782 inventory documents the dissemination and use of European instrumental music in New Spain in the 18th century. 2004 Haggh-Huglo, Barbara et al. New and borrowed chant in New Spain and Mexico: the Offices for the Espousal of the Virgin, the Seven Sorrows of the Virgin, the Virgin of the Pillar, and the Virgin of Guadalupe. (Étud. grégor., 44, 2017, p. 111–175, music, tables) An excellent, detailed study of plainchant and chant sources in Mexico, particularly those in Mexico City Cathe-

Music: Mexico / 533 dral. Detailed studies of plainchant in Latin America such as this one are rare, despite the ubiquitous and important nature of chant in the liturgy of the Roman Catholic Church before Vatican II. Haggh-Huglo and her collaborators break new ground in examining chant in New Spain and independent Mexico, and discuss how Tridentine reforms and the Counter-Reformation were received there. An additional study on the topic of plainchant in Mexico, the “subject of a major research project in its fi nal stages,” is promised.

2005 Hernández Romero, Ramiro. El jazz en México a mediados del siglo XX. (Rev. Music. Chil., 74:233, enero/junio 2020, p. 28–48) Jazz composition, performance, and reception in Mexico in the 1950s and 1960s are examined, with an emphasis on jazz in Mexico City. Places jazz in Mexico in the context of modernity and cosmopolitanism. 2006 Jiménez Casillas, Bernardo. Archivo fotográfico de Arnulfo Miramontes (1881–1960) como recurso para la reconstrucción de su trayectoria artística. (Cuad. Iconogr. Mus., 3:1, agosto 2016, p. 59–76, ill.) A study of the photographic archive of Mexican composer Arnulfo Miramontes, from the 1920s through the 1950s. 2007 López Moya, Martín de la Cruz. Caleidoscopio sonoro: músicas urbanas en Chiapas. San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico: Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Centro de Estudios Superiores de México y Centroamérica; Ciudad de México: UNAM, Coordinacion de Humanidades, Centro de Investigaciones Multidisciplinarias sobre Chiapas y la Frontera Sur: Juan Pablos Editor, 2017. 200 p., 31 unnumbered pages of plates: bibl., ill. (some color). Covers a diverse range of topics related to music making in the Mexican state of Chiapas, including urban popular music, especially the bolero form; popular and folk dance; the marimba and its music; Indigenous rock music, and jazz in Chiapas. 2008 Marín-López, Javier. Música, nobleza y vida cotidiana en la Hispanoamérica del siglo XVIII: hacia un replanteamiento. (Acta Musicol., 89:2, 2017, p. 123– 144, ill.)

Through careful review of documentary and other sources, Marín-López reevaluates and debunks the previously held erroneous idea in colonial music historiography that Creole elites in New Spain did not promote artistic endeavors or chamber music in the domestic environment. A valuable study.

2009 Maya Alcántara, Áurea. Catálogo del Archivo Histórico de la Biblioteca del Conservatorio Nacional de Música. Ciudad de México: Secretaría de Cultura, INBAL, CENIDIM, 2021. 316 p.: tables. An important catalog of the music collection of the Archivo Histórico (formerly Fondo Reservado) in the Biblioteca “Candelario Huízar” of the Conservatorio Nacional de Música in Mexico City. Includes 3,397 entries in 257 cajas of published and unpublished music from the 19th and early 20th centuries, much of it from Mexico. Since its founding in 1866 as the Conservatorio de la Sociedad Filarmónica Mexicana—since 1877, the Conservatorio Nacional de Música—this leading Mexican educational institution has collected Mexican and European music for use by its students and professors, some of it through copyright deposit provisions. Works by well-known and now-obscure Mexican and European composers are represented in this archive—some likely unique copies—which is a very important resource for Mexican music research. 2010 Medrano Ruiz, Sonia. “El Bandolón”. . .instrumento emblemático del México independiente. (Diagonal, 6:1, 2021, p. 97–112, ill., music) The Mexican bandolón, an 18-string, 6-course guitar-mandolin-type instrument, played with a plectrum (pick), was commonly used in the 19th and early 20th centuries in the Mexican orquesta típica (typical orchestra) and in other contexts, outside and on concert stages. 2011 Melo, Juan Vicente. Juan Vicente Melo: acordes y silencios: ensayos reunidos. Coordinación de Juan Javier MoraRivera. Veracruz, Mexico: Instituto Veracruzano de la Cultura, 2018. 330 p.: bibl. Collected essays on Mexican and European music by Juan Vicente Mora (1932–96).

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2012 Miranda, Ricardo. Lo que dice la música: reflexiones en torno a la historia, la musicología y la historia cultural. Presentación. (Hist. Mex./México, 70:4, abril/junio 2021, p. 1815–1826) An extensive introduction to a set of five important articles on various Mexican musical topics published in the journal Historia Mexicana, including studies by Ireri Elizabeth Chávez Bárcenas, Armando Gómez Rivas, Ricardo Miranda, Leonora Saavedra, and Luisa Vilar-Payá (see items 1980, 2001, 2013, 2032, and 2040). 2013 Miranda, Ricardo. Lo que dijeron las brujas: Juárez y el estreno de la sinfonía-himno Dios salve a la patria. (Hist. Mex./México, 70:4, abril/junio 2021, p. 1949–1986, music) The premiere of Mexican composer Melesio Morales’ (1838–1908) symphonyhymn Dios salve a la patria on 1 October 1867, sponsored by the Sociedad Filarmónica Mexicana, counted President Benito Juárez in attendance. Miranda analyzes the musical and technical aspects of this littleknown work and places it in context with the political debates of the time. With this concert held at the onset of the República Restaurada, the Sociedad Filarmónica Mexicana hoped to obtain from Juárez and his government a subvention crucial to its continued existence as well as a building for its newly founded music conservatory, which in 1877 became the Conservatorio Nacional de Música. 2014 Montoya Arias, Luis Omar and Gabriel Medrano de Luna. El acordeón norteño mexicano y el transnacionalismo musical cosmopolita en las periferias. (Acta Universitaria, 28:2, 2018, p. 83–100) Examines the role of the accordion in música norteña—northern Mexican popular music—which is also well received in other parts of Mexico as well in the US, and other parts of Latin America, especially Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, and Colombia. Also discusses the transnational cosmopolitan aspects of the genre. 2015 Moreda Rodríguez, Eva. Why do orchestral and band musicians in exile matter?: A case study from Spain. (Music Lett., 101:1, 2019, p. 72–88)

Contributes to the study of musicians and repertories in exile, with specific reference to members of the Spanish Republican Banda Madrid, founded in 1939 in a French internment camp at the conclusion of the Spanish Civil War. Members of this group were sent in exile to Mexico City and formed an important part of the Spanish expatriate-exile community there, influencing in various ways musical life in the Mexican capital.

2016 Muñoz Rubio, Margarita. Ver y oír el siglo xx: la iconografía musical en México. (Cuad. Iconogr. Mus., 4:2, dic. 2017, p. 97–107, ill.) In 2016, the Laboratorio de Iconografía Musical Mexicana, dedicated to the study and teaching of Mexican musical iconography, was institutionally recognized by the Facultad de Música of the UNAM. 2017 Musicians’ migratory patterns: American-Mexican border lands. Edited by Mauricio Rodriguez. New York: Routledge, 2020. 120 p.: bibl, index. (CMS cultural expressions in music) Six chapter essays by six authors investigate various aspects of the Mexican immigrant musical experience in the US and US-Mexico cross-border music making. 2018 Olvera Gudiño, José Juan. Economías del rap en el noreste de México: emprendimientos y resistencias juveniles alrededor de la música popular. Ciudad de México: Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social, 2018. 274 p.: bibl., ill., index. (Publicaciones de la Casa Chata) Covers the development of rap music in northeast Mexico (especially the city of Monterrey), from circa 1985 to 2015, based on ethnographic interviews and close observation in underground music scenes. 2019 Palomares-Salas, Claudio. Gabino Palomares: a history of Canto Nuevo in Mexico. (Music Polit., 12:1, Winter 2018, bibl., music) Examines the life and musical career of Mexican trobador Gabino Palomares (b. 1950), singer and songwriter and a major figure in the Mexican Canto Nuevo protest song movement. Places Palomares in his social, political, and historical contexts.

Music: Mexico / 535

2020 Paraíso, Raquel and Román Güemes Jiménez. Zapateado en sones de Xantolo y sones huastecos: sensación físicamente encarnada. (Lat. Am. Music Rev., 42:1, Spring/Summer 2021, p. 84–111, map) Sones huastecos (traditional melody types and tunes) are used in the Indigenous Xantolo festivities, part of the Día de los Muertos celebrations in the Huasteca Potosina region of the state of San Luis Potosí. The authors investigate the music and choreographed dance of the zapateado form used in the Xantolo celebrations and show how dance and music build a sense of shared community. Xantolo (the term refers to the beloved dead) is well-known far beyond the Huasteca Potosina, and attracts visitors to the circa 20 municipalities participating in this tradition. 2021 Party, Daniel. Inolvidables con Lucho Gatica (1958): un tributo jazzístico a la canción mexicana. (Rev. Music. Chil., 72:229, enero/junio 2018, p. 107–130, bibl.) Positions Chilean singer Lucho Gatica’s influential 1958 LP album Inolvidables con Lucho, with its emphasis on the Mexican popular canción romántica and an accompanying small jazz combo, in line with the model LP album line up established by American singer Frank Sinatra at Capitol Records. The album also adapts the practice used by many US women popular singers of featuring just jazz guitar and bass as the accompaniment. Also investigates the impact of Inolvidables con Lucho on the development of Brazilian bossa nova. 2022 Rasmussen, Anthony W. Whistling, gender, and the aesthetic turn in Mexico City. (Lat. Am. Music Rev., 42:1, Spring/Summer 2021, p. 30–58, ill.) Covering the unusual topic of esthetic whistling, Rasmussen demonstrates how whistles are used to substitute for the melodic contour of speech to “facilitate long-distance communication.” Esthetic whistling has been developed to a high degree of sophistication and symbolism in Mexico City and other Mexican urban areas, and the author proposes that studying urban whistles helps us understand better how rapid social change is experienced in large urban areas such as the Mexican capital region.

2023 Raussert, Wilfried. The Fandango Sin Fronteras movement and sonic migrations: performing community across borders. (in Sonic politics: music and social movements in the Americas. Edited by Olaf Kaltmeier and Wilfred Raussert. Abingdon, England: Routledge, 2019, p. 142–157) The transnational and translocal dance music form of the fandango, which as the title of this study indicates, knows no fi xed borders. The Fandango Sin Fronteras movement emphasizes mobile networks of people, music, dance, and political activism to support immigrant communities and promote human rights and social justice both in the US-Mexico border regions and in cities throughout North America such as Los Angeles, Seattle, Chicago, and Toronto. 2024 Reyes Gallegos, Artemisa M. Imagen de una memoria que se olvida: la iconografía como herramienta en la investigación musical: los documentos fotográficos de la colección Juan Diego Tercero. (Cuad. Iconogr. Mus., 5:1/2, dic. 2018, p. 81–108, ill.) A careful study of the extensive iconographical collection of the prominent Mexican composer and teacher Juan Diego Tercero (1895–1987), held by the Biblioteca Cuicamatini in the Facultad de Música in the Universidad Autónoma de México. 2025 Rodriguez, Karen. The “unattainable vibration”: Julia Kristeva, the opera, and psychic life in a Mexican city. (in Cultural psychology of musical experience. Edited by Sven Hroar Klempe. Charlotte, N.C.: Information Age Publishing, 2016, p. 71–87) The annual Festival Internacional Cervantino has been held for many years in the colonial-era city of Guanajuato in central Mexico, and attracts visitors from throughout Mexico and from abroad. Rodriguez presents a psychoanalytical interpretation, based on the work of psychoanalyst Julia Kristeva, of the musical soundscape of Guanajuato, with an emphasis on opera. 2026 Rodríguez Arenas, Hugo. Un huapango. Ciudad de México: Consejo Estatal para la Cultura y las Artes de Hidalgo, 2016. 114 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección historia y Patrimonio) A collection of huapango song texts and other poetry inspired by this Mexican traditional musical genre from the Huasteca

536 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 region, with an analysis of lyrics of some huapangos.

2027 Rodríguez Rodríguez, Ricardo. El bajón en la Nueva España: estudio organológico desde la perspectiva de la iconografía musical. (Cuad. Iconogr. Mus., 4:2, dic. 2017, p. 61–77, ill.) The bajón, the double-reed woodwind instrument (in bass and tenor ranges), was one of the principal instruments used in New Spain and accompanied a variety of musical genres. The author examines numerous 17th- and 18th-century iconographical representations of this instrument, as well as important information found in musical treatises, musical scores, and in the surviving instruments themselves. 2028 Roubina, Evguenia. Un amor censurado y otros personajes “deshonestos”: grabados europeos con el contenido musical en los expedientes de la Inquisición novohispana. (Cuad. Iconogr. Mus., 4:2, dic. 2017, p. 108–118, ill.) Roubina has discovered more than 150 European prints with musical imagery that served as models for about 300 works of viceregal art. She has also discovered numerous examples of music-related European prints that came to the attention of the Inquisition for various reasons. Study of these Inquisition documents (in the Archivo General de la Nación in Mexico City) sheds new light on the larger topic of musical iconography and its importance to our understanding of the entire range of artistic developments— visual and musical—in New Spain. 2029 Roubina, Evguenia. Apropiaciones de la iconografía musical europea como recurso para el estudio de la música novohispana: reflexiones en torno a una imagen. (Cuad. Iconogr. Mus., 3:1, agosto 2016, p. 103–120, ill., tables) An important iconographical study that examines in detail musical images in a choirbook copied by José Andrés Gastón y Balbuena for the Mexico City Cathedral in 1760. Roubina convincingly establishes European models for this Mexican copyist’s work. 2030 Roubina, Evguenia. La imagen de la música en la mayólica novohispana: apuntes para un estudio. (Cuad. Iconogr. Mus., 4:1, julio 2017, p. 87–98, ill.)

Viceregal-era majolica—known as talavera poblana in Mexico—with musical references has not been studied, although such study offers a rich opportunity to examine musical representations on artistic objects of both luxury and practical use.

2031 Ruiz Pasos, Víctor. El contrabajista. Veracruz, Mexico: Instituto Veracruzano de la Cultura, 2016. 134 p.: ill., portraits. (Voladores) An autobiography of Mexican jazz bassist Victor Rioz Pasos. 2032 Saavedra, Leonora. Marxismo y socialismo mexicano en Redes, de Paul Strand y Carlos Chávez, con música de Silvestre Revueltas. (Hist. Mex./México, 70:4, abril/junio 2021, p. 1987–2036, bibl.) The influential Mexican fi lm Redes (1934–35), with a musical score by Silvestre Revueltas, was conceived and fi lmed by modernist photographer Paul Strand with the support of the Secretaría de Educación Pública and composer Carlos Chávez, director of the Departamento de Bellas Artes. Redes is recognized as a fundamental work of Mexican cinema. Saavedra analyzes the fi lm and its score and their intellectual creation in the context of the social and political ideas of Chávez and Strand, and demonstrates how the story of the fi lm and its cinematography faithfully follow classic Marxist theories of capitalism and the exploitation of the worker. 2033 Saavedra, Leonora. La música como conocimiento social y comunidad identitaria, 1910–1930. Ciudad de México: Secretaría de Cultura, Instituto de Bellas Artes y Literatura, Centro Nacional de Investigación, Documentación e Información Musical “Carlos Chávez,” 2019. 215 p.: music, tables. A major collection of essays on diverse Mexican musical topics by one of the leading scholars of Mexican music. Saavedra’s book originated in a series of public lectures she delivered as the 2016 holder of the Cátedra Jesús C. Romero, sponsored by the Centro Nacional de Investigación, Documentación e Información Musical “Carlos Chávez” (CENIDIM) in Mexico City, the national music research institute. The author focuses especially on musical life and leading composers in Mexico from the late 19th

Music: Mexico / 537 through the mid-20th centuries, and discusses a wide range of topics within these parameters: the music of Mexican composers Ernesto Elorduy, Ricardo Castro, Carlos Chávez, and Manuel M. Ponce; music and nationalism; popular dance types, especially the foxtrot; Indigeneous influences on art music; important Mexican operas; and the work of the Orquesta Sinfónica de México. All these essays examine the role of music in nation-building, that is, the creation of the nation. A very valuable collection.

2034 Salas Cassy, Erika. El comercio de instrumentos musicales en la Nueva España: una aproximación desde la perspectiva de las artes figurativas. (Cuad. Iconogr. Mus., 4:1, julio 2017, p. 99–104, ill.) Shows how the study of visual images relating to musical instruments, and documentary evidence about instrument making, can help us better understand musical life in New Spain. 2035 Salas Cassy, Erika. Iconografía musical como testimonio de la representación escénica del “negro cómico” en la Nueva España. (Cuad. Iconogr. Mus., 3:1, agosto 2016, p. 77–78, ill.) The theatrical representation of the negro character, played by masked or blackface performers, was common in the Spanish Siglo de Oro, and it is presumed that this practice also existed in New Spain. Two large 18th-century painted screens from New Spain illustrate this musicaltheatrical practice of the negro character, who apparently could represent musicians and dancers. 2036 Sarfson, Susana and Jesús Herrera. Ecos de México en España. . . y de España en México: I Congreso MUSAM. (Rev. Musicol./Madrid, 41:1, enero/junio 2018, p. 390–394) A detailed report of the Spanish conference “De Nueva España a México: el universo musical mexicano entre centenarios (1517–1917),” held in Baeza, Jaén in 2017. The very substantial conference proceedings were edited by conference organizer Javier Marín López (see item 1985). 2037 Strube, Miriam. Si una vez: Chicana sensibilities and Xicanista soundscapes. (in Sonic politics: music and social

movements in the Americas. Edited by Olaf Kaltmeier and Wilfi red Raussert. Abingdon: Routledge, 2019, p. 107–120) Examines how Chicana musicians have been involved with political protest movements, and how Chicana feminism has confronted cultural and gender misrepresentations and challenged its exclusion from the Chicano movement.

2038 Tello, Aurelio et al. Colección Sánchez Garza: estudio documental y catálogo de un acervo musical novohispano. Ciudad de México: Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes, Centro Nacional de Investigación, Documentación e Información Musical “Carlos Chávez,” 2018. 587 p: bibl., ill., facsimiles, musical incipits, musical scores. The eagerly and long-awaited catalog and study of the by now well-known “Colección Sánchez Garza” of colonialperiod music from the Convento de la Santísima Trinidad in Puebla, performed by nun and female novice musicians from the 17th through the 19th centuries. Prepared over a number of years by an expert quartet of dedicated researchers, led by musicologist Aurelio Tello. The “Colección Sánchez Garza,” named after Jesús Sánchez Garza, the collector who somehow and somewhere acquired this substantial musical archive, was purchased by the Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes in 1967 from his widow. The collection for many years has been held by the Centro Nacional de Investigación, Documentación e Información Musical “Carlos Chávez” in Mexico City. Numerous researchers have investigated music from this collection and many musicians have performed works from it. This exhaustive catalog and very detailed study is the most important publication on this topic and will surely spark even greater interest in the collection. Excellent facsimiles from the collection are included that give a flavor of the music. Tello and his coauthors explain the complicated history of the collection with all its twists and turns; they examine every possible aspect of this most valuable of collections, including how the manuscripts were stabilized and preserved, and they discuss the music and lives of the named composers in the collection. This is the essential resource on the topic.

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2039 Torres, Jorge Adan. Did they make it up as they went along?: Choral rules in the Mexican Cathedral, 1536–85. (J. Alamire Found., 8:2, 2016, p. 241–250, tables) Rules for the choir at Mexico City Cathedral were not codified until the 1560s, several decades after the cathedral’s establishment; these were promulgated under the auspices of Alonso de Montúfar, second Archbishop of Mexico. However, based on entries in the actas capitulares, the author wonders if these rules were really enforced. 2040 Vilar-Payá, Luisa. Música, política y ceremonia en el día de la consagración de la catedral de Puebla. (Hist. Mex./ México, 70:4, abril/junio 2021, p. 1869–1916, ill., music, tables) A sophisticated and compelling discussion of the consecration of Puebla Cathdral on 18 April 1649, and the use of music during these ceremonies, based on intensive archival investigation. The author examines several important interrelated themes: the principal participants in this important ritual and the accompanying political manueverings; the use of plainchant in the consecration of the cathedral; an analysis of Puebla chapelmaster Juan Gutiérrez de Padilla’s (1550–1664) Misa Ego Flos Campi, performed for the celebration; and the liturgical text of the ceremony. One of Vilar-Paya’s most important findings is how musical composition and performance can serve as agents in the promotion of a specific political agenda. 2041 Villancicos from Mexico City. Edited by Drew Edward Davies. Middleton, Wisc.: A-R Editions, Inc., 2019. 1 score (231 p., 6 unnumbered pages of plates): bibl., facsims. (Recent researches in the music of the Baroque Era, 206)

One of the most important musical editions and studies of Latin American colonial-era sacred music published to date, of the music of one of Mexico’s and Latin America’s most important composers, Manuel de Zumaya (ca. 1678–1755). Davies published the surviving villancicos by Zumaya in the Mexico City Cathedral music archive, with complete texts and beautiful translations. The 34 villancicos (all but two complete) included in this collection are all meticulously edited, and some include separate instrumental parts. Intended for both close study and use in live performance. An exemplary and essential publication in all respects.

2042 Zanolli Fabila, Betty Luisa de María Auxiliadora. La profesionalización de la enseñanza musical en México: el Conservatorio Nacional de Música (1866–1996), su historia y vinculación con el arte, la ciencia y la tecnología en el contexto nacional. Ciudad de México: Secretaría de Cultura, Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes, 2017. 518 p.: tables. An important exhaustive history and documentary study of almost the entire course of the existence of the Conservatorio Nacional de Música in Mexico City, beginning with the establishment of its predecessor institution, the Sociedad Filarmónica Mexicana, founded in 1866 with the support of Benito Juárez. In 1877, Porfi rio Díaz elevated its status to that of Mexico’s National Conservatory. Many illustrious women and male musicians have studied, performed, and taught there, and many of Mexico’s most important composers and performing musicians have led this very important educational establishment.

CENTRAL AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN ALFRED E. LEMMON, Director, Williams Research Center, The Historic New Orleans Collection

THE WORKS SELECTED for this review period represent the continuing trend of increasingly sophisticated research on music in Central America and the Caribbean. Researchers continue to take advantage of oral history and of alternative publication resources, while employing fresh textual avenues. Biographies remain

538 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76

2039 Torres, Jorge Adan. Did they make it up as they went along?: Choral rules in the Mexican Cathedral, 1536–85. (J. Alamire Found., 8:2, 2016, p. 241–250, tables) Rules for the choir at Mexico City Cathedral were not codified until the 1560s, several decades after the cathedral’s establishment; these were promulgated under the auspices of Alonso de Montúfar, second Archbishop of Mexico. However, based on entries in the actas capitulares, the author wonders if these rules were really enforced. 2040 Vilar-Payá, Luisa. Música, política y ceremonia en el día de la consagración de la catedral de Puebla. (Hist. Mex./ México, 70:4, abril/junio 2021, p. 1869–1916, ill., music, tables) A sophisticated and compelling discussion of the consecration of Puebla Cathdral on 18 April 1649, and the use of music during these ceremonies, based on intensive archival investigation. The author examines several important interrelated themes: the principal participants in this important ritual and the accompanying political manueverings; the use of plainchant in the consecration of the cathedral; an analysis of Puebla chapelmaster Juan Gutiérrez de Padilla’s (1550–1664) Misa Ego Flos Campi, performed for the celebration; and the liturgical text of the ceremony. One of Vilar-Paya’s most important findings is how musical composition and performance can serve as agents in the promotion of a specific political agenda. 2041 Villancicos from Mexico City. Edited by Drew Edward Davies. Middleton, Wisc.: A-R Editions, Inc., 2019. 1 score (231 p., 6 unnumbered pages of plates): bibl., facsims. (Recent researches in the music of the Baroque Era, 206)

One of the most important musical editions and studies of Latin American colonial-era sacred music published to date, of the music of one of Mexico’s and Latin America’s most important composers, Manuel de Zumaya (ca. 1678–1755). Davies published the surviving villancicos by Zumaya in the Mexico City Cathedral music archive, with complete texts and beautiful translations. The 34 villancicos (all but two complete) included in this collection are all meticulously edited, and some include separate instrumental parts. Intended for both close study and use in live performance. An exemplary and essential publication in all respects.

2042 Zanolli Fabila, Betty Luisa de María Auxiliadora. La profesionalización de la enseñanza musical en México: el Conservatorio Nacional de Música (1866–1996), su historia y vinculación con el arte, la ciencia y la tecnología en el contexto nacional. Ciudad de México: Secretaría de Cultura, Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes, 2017. 518 p.: tables. An important exhaustive history and documentary study of almost the entire course of the existence of the Conservatorio Nacional de Música in Mexico City, beginning with the establishment of its predecessor institution, the Sociedad Filarmónica Mexicana, founded in 1866 with the support of Benito Juárez. In 1877, Porfi rio Díaz elevated its status to that of Mexico’s National Conservatory. Many illustrious women and male musicians have studied, performed, and taught there, and many of Mexico’s most important composers and performing musicians have led this very important educational establishment.

CENTRAL AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN ALFRED E. LEMMON, Director, Williams Research Center, The Historic New Orleans Collection

THE WORKS SELECTED for this review period represent the continuing trend of increasingly sophisticated research on music in Central America and the Caribbean. Researchers continue to take advantage of oral history and of alternative publication resources, while employing fresh textual avenues. Biographies remain

Music: Central America and the Caribbean / 539

popular. While works considered in previous years primarily focused on the stars of calypso, hip hop, reggaetón, and trova and other popular forms of music, the current representation is reflective of the far greater musical spectrum. One would certainly expect to encounter studies concerning Esteban Salas (1725–1803) and the Buena Vista Social Club (items 2063 and 2066, respectively). However, an examination of the serialist Central American composers Roque Cordero (1917–2008), Mario Alfagüell (b. 1948), Rodrigo Asturias (b. 1940), Alejandro Cardona (b. 1959), David de Gandarias (b. 1951) and Igor de Gandarias (b. 1953) draws attention to the well-formed and deserving composers the region continues to nurture (item 2057), as does the study devoted to the earlier by María de Baratta (1890–1978) (item 2060). Studies and reprints of previously published musical histories have continued with vigor, as seen in the example of Música y músicos portorriqueños (1915) by Fernando Callejo y Ferrer (1862–1926), republished with additional analysis in Fernando Callejo: ensayo de música (item 2048). A number of recent works document the significant impact of Caribbean musicians on US music by examining the careers of such diverse figures as Bobby Capó (1922–89) (item 2055), Chano Pozo (1915–48) (item 2064), and the Harlem Hellfighters regimental band with its Puerto Rican members (item 2054). Another notable theme is the importance that parents of several Caribbean musicians in this selection placed upon education. The case of Professor Hollis Urban Lester Liverpool is particularly inspiring (item 2049). To better understand the European impact on the Caribbean and, in turn, the Caribbean influence on world music, it is necessary to go as far back as written records permit. The contributions of Samuel Felsted (1743–1802), the fi rst documented Jamaican composer and composer of the fi rst oratorio written in the New World “Jonah” (London, 1775) and the more well-known Joseph Bologne, Chevalier de Saint-Georges (1745–99) have become increasingly valued. Chevalier de Saint-Georges, the son of a wealthy planter of Guadalupe and an enslaved woman, is considered by many to be the fi rst known composer of African heritage. A composer of operas, concerti, symphonies, and chamber music, his legacy has attracted a devoted following in both France and the Americas. The instances of Felsted and Saint-Georges are indications of the musical wealth of the islands. In Jamaica, frequently overlooked by historians focusing on the French Caribbean, theatrical activity dated to 1682 and performances of instrumental music to 1730. Michel-Paul Guy de Chabanon (1730–92), a native of Saint-Domingue, composer and theorist, was elected to the legendary Académie française (1779). To these three figures we must add Elisabeth Alexandrine Louise Ferrand, aka “Minette” (b. 1767, Port-au-Prince, d. 1807, New Orleans). Making her debut at age 14 in Port-au-Prince, she became the fi rst woman of color to achieve fame in the world of French opera. Several recent works testify to her legacy: Bernard Camier, “La musique coloniale des Antilles françaises au XVIIIème siècle” (item 2045); Laurent Dubois, “Heroines of the Haitian Revolution” (item 2047); and Julia Prest, “Parisian Palimpsests and Creole Creations: Mme Marsan and Mlle Minette Play Nina on the Caribbean Stage” (item 2053). Articles of Bernard Camier’s contributions published between 2005 and 2018 in both Génélogie et Histoire de la Caraïbe and Revue Haitienne d’Histoire, de Géographie et de Géologie, though not reviewed in this section, are welcome additions to the study of 18th-century Caribbean music. It is obvious that Minette will be increasingly discussed in years to come, especially as the multitalented musicologist, Pedro Memelsdorff, focused on her life and her music as a fellow at Harvard’s Villa I Tatti (2020).

540 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 THE CARIBBEAN (EXCEPT CUBA)

2043 Alén, Olavo. Occidentalización de las culturas musicales africanas en el Caribe. La Habana: Ediciones Museo de la Música, 2013. 180 p.: bibl., discography, ill., music, portraits. A member of an extremely musical family (his father is the brilliant pianist, Osvaldo, and his brother Andrés is a composer-pianist), Olavo Alén is the author of the masterful De lo afrocubano a la salsa (see HLAS 56:4755), translated to From Afrocuban music to salsa (1998). Olavo Alén has also pursued a career in administrative positions in Cuba such as director of music at the National School of Modern Dance prior to pursuing his musicology degree at Humboldt University in Berlin. Graduating with honors in the late 1970s, he also taught at CENICIM (Mexican Center for Musical Research and Documentation). Focusing on the African influence as a force of cultural homogeneity in the Caribbean, the author outlines the development of Afro-Caribbean culture. Demonstrating how the two cultures reinforced each other to become one, Alén also shows how each enriched the other. This work offers a powerful examination of the development of African music in the Caribbean. 2044 Berríos-Miranda, Marisol; Shannon Dudley; and Michelle Habell-Pallán. American sabor: Latinos and Latinas in US popular music = Latinos y latinas en la música popular estadounidense. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2018. 352 p.: bibl., ill., index, map. This excellent bilingual contribution, very fi nely designed and richly illustrated, outlines the musical contributions of Latinos and Latinas in American popular music from World War II to the present. The study focuses on five cities that have served as significant centers of impact: New York, San Antonio, Tex., Los Angeles and San Francisco, Calif., and Miami, Fla. The authors discuss the contributions of music as diverse as Tito Puente’s mambo dance rhythms to jazz, rhythm and blues, rock, Spanglish rap, hip hop, Tejano, and salsa. The book examines the topic in terms of regional history—with an emphasis on Puerto Ricans, Chicanos, and Tejanos, while noting

the similar experiences each community encountered, such as immigration, race relations, and gender roles.

2045 Camier, Bernard. La musique coloniale des Antilles françaises au XVIIIème siècle. (Médiathèque Caraïbe, dossier documentaire, bibl., music) This well-organized study includes an introduction and two chapters devoted to “La Vie Lyrique des Petites Antilles françaises” (Martinique, Guadeloupe) and “Saint-Domingue et l’opéra-comique” (L’entreprise de spectacle; Artiste dans une société coloniale américaine; Répertoire français dans une société créole). Readers are presented with a well-written, enjoyable history of an often-overlooked aspect of the region’s musical history. Cultural historians and educators should consult the website of the Médiathèque Caraïbe (Laméca): www.lameca.org. This major resource contains a wealth of publications and resources for Caribbean music in the broadest sense. 2046 Dubois, Laurent. The banjo: America’s African instrument. Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2016. 364 p.: bibl., ill., index. Tracing the banjo from its earliest years, the author recounts its 17th-century origins when enslaved African people in both North America and the Caribbean built basic musical instruments using gourds and animal skins. The link to African musical traditions provided a sense of musical “patria” to the enslaved people and was a critical component of their life. During the 19th century, the banjo was commercially produced, adopted by white musicians, and became a major component of the minstrel show. In spite of its growing popularity, the role of the banjo in the African American musical and cultural experiences did not diminish, but remained constant. In his review in the American Historical Review (122:5, Dec. 2017, p. 1608), Charles L. Hughes aptly summarizes the value of Dubois’ contribution on the banjo given that the work “demonstrates the instrument’s

Music: The Caribbean (Except Cuba) / 541 historical role as both symbol and product of diaspora and dislocation.”

2047 Dubois, Laurent. Heroines of the Haitian Revolution. (Public Books, 28 April 2017, https://www.publicbooks.org/ heroines-of-the-haitian-revolution/) Duke University professor Dubois carefully draws attention to the evolving knowledge of Elisabeth Alexandrine Louise Ferrand (“Minette”) (b. 1767 in Port-auPrince, d. 1807 in New Orleans, La.). Tracing the existing bibliography on the fi rst woman of color to achieve fame on the French stage through works such as Marie Vieux-Chauvet’s novel Dance on the volcano (1957, reprinted with a new translation in 2016) and Jean Fouchard’s Le théâtre à Saint-Domingue (1955), Dubois notes that “Minette” preferred the European repertoire in contrast to the local repertoire. In this contribution, Dubois demonstrates his ability to perform an exaustive search for data. Just as Minette had done years earlier in Saint Domingue, in November 1806 she organized a benefit performance to help her recover after a long illness and to support her large family. The selected work was the opera Euphrosine et le tyran corrigé, ou Le pouvoir de l’amour: comédie en trois actes & en vers by Etienne Nicolas Méhul (which had been performed in New Orleans on 15 February 1806). See also item 2053. 2048 Fernando Callejo: ensayo de música; En conmemoración del centenario de su libro: Música y músicos portorriqueños. Edición de Néstor Murray-Irizarry. Río Piedras, Puerto Rico: Casa Paoli; Publicaciones Gaviota, 2015. 844 p.: bibl., facsimiles, ill., portraits. Fernando Callejo y Ferrer enjoyed a relatively short life (1862–1926). However, his work Música y músicos portorriqueños (1915) stands as testimony to his devotion to Puerto Rican music. His goal was to gather as much data as possible about the island’s musical history. The present volume is a reprint of Callejo’s monumental work with substantial additional material. The fi rst part of Callejo’s work is a summary of Puerto Rico’s musical history from 1660 to 1911. The remainder of the volume is dedicated to biographical sketches divided into categories such as singers, composers,

instrumentalists, and instructors. A highly useful appendix created by Guillermo Menéndez Maysonet and Daniel Mendoza de Arce utilizes documentation from the archive of Gustavo Batista Ortiz del Rivero and serves to enrich Callejo’s work by presenting a series of chronologies of Puerto Rican music beginning in 1824 through the early 20th century. The volume also includes a compilation of reviews of the original volume as well as genealogical information on the family.

2049 Liverpool, Hollis. Thoughts along the kaiso road: selected speeches of Professor Hollis Liverpool “Chalkdust.” Woodbrook, Trinidad and Tobago: Juba Publications, 2017. 366 p.: ill. Hollis Urban Lester Liverpool (b. 5 March 1941, Chaguaramas, Trinidad) was raised in Belmont, Trinidad, as well as in Tobago. His education began at Nelson Street Boys R.C. School (Port of Spain). Further early education in Tobago included Montgomery Primary School in Bethel and Patience Hill Roman Catholic School. These early years illustrate the importance his parents placed on education and the difficulties he and his sisters faced as they had to walk (barefoot) four miles to attend the Patience Hill School. After studies at St. Mary’s College, he pursued further studies at the Government Training College. He obtained both a BA and an MA in history at the University of the West Indies, and he completed his PhD in history and ethnomusicology in 1993. Having recorded over 300 calypsos, his musical career began in 1967. His work as both an academic and a performer has been critical to the development of the Trinidad carnival and calypso music. The present contribution is an important recognition of a Caribbean cultural icon. Assembling 25 speeches delivered between 2002 and 2016, the volume is handsomely designed. 2050 Marrero, Mayi. Prohibido cantar: canciones carpeteadas y artistas subversivos en Puerto Rico. Ponce, Puerto Rico: Mariana Editores, 2018. 443 p.: bibl., ill., index. Mayi Marrero is a graduate of the Escuela Libre de Música de San Juan and continued advanced musical studies at the

542 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Facultad de Humanidades de la Universidad de Puerto Rico. She earned a doctorate in Filosofía y Letras en Historia at the Universidad Interamericana de Puerto Rico. In this volume, a model of scholarship, she presents an analysis of protest songs and the political aspects of music in Puerto Rico. She discusses political persecution, radicalism, and the political activity of artists. Her argument is vividly brought to life through the meticulous examination of countless police fi les. As a result, she is able to provide detailed biographical information for numerous musicians during the period of 1940 through the 1980s. The work includes a detailed listing of artists considered to be “subversive” or “suspicious.” An important appendix includes numerous examples of evidence considered to be “subversive.”

2051 Matthew, Cyril S. The story of Pan Am North Stars. Trinidad and Tobago: ScripJ Ltd., 2017. 133 p.: bibl., ill. This work presents a history of the Pan American Airways-sponsored Pan Am Jet North Stars Steel Orchestra. Focusing primarily on the years 1950–74, the author provides substantial elusive biographical data on the various musicians that performed with the orchestra. The account is based primarily on newspaper accounts, with additional research in the National Archives in Port of Spain. Information on the repertoire is particularly valuable. 2052 Moris García, Raúl. El rap vs. la 357: historia del rap y reggaetón en Puerto Rico. Sevilla, Spain: Punto Rojo, 2017. 94 p.: bibl., ill. Opening with a strong statement on the importance of oral history and a defi nition of the “diáspora africana,” the author proceeds to discuss both rap music and reggaetón, describing, in particular, their critical economic impact on the music industry. With excellent textual analysis, the work explores the various musical genres in Puerto Rico (reggaetón, rap, rock, salsa, jazz, classical music, etc.). The volume concludes with an examination of the predominant topics of both rap and reggaetón. 2053 Prest, Julia. Parisian palimpsests and Creole creations: Mme Marsan and Dlle Minette play Nina on the Carib-

bean stage. (Early Mod. French Stud., 41:2, 2019, p. 170–188, ill.) This study compares two performers in Saint-Domingue in the 1780s: Mme Marsan (c1747–1807), a white European who dominated the stage in 1780s Cap-Français, and “Minette” (1767–1807), an actor-singer of mixed racial ancestry who performed in Port-au-Prince. The author examines the two artists’ approach in the main role of Dalayrac’s opéra-comique, Nina (1786), in which both women performed the lead role. Although Minette is mainly regarded as a singer, Prest argues that, by electing to perform the starring role of Nina, she also faced one of the most challenging acting roles in the repertoire. Marsan admitted she was performing in a role previously played successfully in Paris by Mme Dugazon. In contrast, Minette sought to evoke a “common” Creole background. This article clearly highlights the depths of the Caribbean musical tradition awaiting scholars uninhibited by the challenges of paleography and 18thcentury music notation. Articles such as this one will lead to a greater understanding of Caribbean musical contributions in the 19th, 20th, and present centuries.

2054 Ruiz Vega, Omar. Puerto Rico y Nueva York: relaciones musicales 1917–1980. (80grados, junio 2019, 19 p., bibl., photos) This article presents a compelling account of the musical relations between New York and Puerto Rico beginning during World War I. Analyzing the significant impact of Puerto Rican musicians on the military band of the famed mostly African American 369th Infantry Regiment, commonly known as the Harlem Hellfighters, the author reviews the New York and Puerto Rican musical scenes, noting the particular importance of the radio for its promotion of “música latina.” The study concludes with a discussion of salsa and its relationship to both New York and Puerto Rico. 2055 Torres, Víctor F. He sido el incomprendido: la historia de Bobby Capó. Discografía parcial de sus composiciones y grabaciones compilada por Luis Guillermo Rivera Izquierdo. Río Piedras: Publicaciones Gaviota, 2017. 391 p.: bibl., discography, ill.

Music: Central America / 543 Latin vocalist Bobby Capó, born Félix Manuel Rodríguez Capó on 1 January 1922, in Puerto Rico, also enjoyed a career as a composer and TV director. Migrating to New York in the 1940s, he was a musical sensation throughout Latin America, especially in Cuba. A performer with Xavier Cugat and His Orchestra, he also enjoyed tremendous popularity as a solo artist. Remarkably, he gave up his musical career in the 1970s to work in the Puerto Rican Department of Labor’s Division of Migration in New York. This volume offers a fitting tribute to him with excellent endnotes, photographs, an extensive bibliography, an informative discography, and an appendix of recorded songs. CENTRAL AMERICA

2056 Alvarado, Leonel. El lirismo patriótico centroamericano: himnos, nacionalismo e identidad. San José: EUNED, ETCR, EUNA, EUCR, EUTN, EUTP, 2018. 266 p.: bibl., index, music. In this work, the author, a native of the Maya region of Honduras, focuses on his long-stated interest in nationalism, music, immigration, and identity through an analysis of the national anthems of Central America. Clearly observing that national anthems are of little poetic value, he notes that they are important to study because of their impact on nationalism. Building on the belief that nationalism is used to promote a sense of “uniqueness,” “superiority,” or “exclusivity,” Alvarado effectively demonstrates that most national anthems fall into two categories: military marches (such as “La Marseillaise”) or religious hymns (such as “God Save the King”). In meticulous detail, he traces the development and frequently painful road to the selection of national anthems throughout Central America. Showing that such anthems changed constantly throughout the 19th century, he also notes how that phenomenon continued into the 20th century, specifically in Guatemala and Nicaragua. Through textual analysis, he demonstrates how the national songs were changed to represent the values of Jorge Ubico and Anastasio Somoza, respectively. While it is not uncommon for citizens to claim the superiority of their respective national

anthem, Alvarado notes that in Central America, the common assertion is that the only national anthem better than theirs is the renowned French national anthem, “La Marseillaise.”

2057 Carmona Ruiz, Jorge Eduardo. Sonatas para piano de construcción serialista en Centroamérica (1980–1997). San José: Editorial Librería Alma Mater, 2015. 332 p.: bibl., ill., music. A model of scholarship, this volume draws attention to the depth of Central American classical music, a topic deserving of far greater attention. The focus is very precise and concerns serialist piano sonatas written in Central America between 1980 and 1997. Serialism has its origins in the music of Austrian composer Arnold Schoenberg (1874–1951) and his 12-tone technique, in contrast to tonal music. In this method, composers use a specifically created series of pitches, rhythms, and dynamics to achieve their creations, as opposed to the traditional musical scales. This study examines the compositions of six composers: Roque Cordero (Sonata for piano: in one movement), Mario Alfagüell (Sonata Op. 29), Rodrigo Asturias (Sonata No. 4), Alejandro Cardona (El silencio que hay en todas las soledades), David de Gandarias (Sonata El oscuro de Ésfero), and Igor de Gandarias (Sonata Abstracción). The author includes an exceptionally valuable chapter on performance practice and places the composers within the context of musical creativity in both Costa Rica and Guatemala. 2058 Cuéllar-Barandiarán, Guillermo. Mangoré: el cacique de la guitarra en El Salvador. San Salvador: Dirección Nacional de Investigaciones en Cultura y Artes de la Secretaría de Cultura de la Presidencia, 2017. 221 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Cultura y arte; 2) Born 5 May 1885 in Paraguay, Agustín Pio Barrios was also known as Agustín Mangoré and Nitsuga Mangoré. His childhood reflected his family’s interest in music and literature. As a guitarist, he quickly established himself as a performer throughout Latin America. In early performances, it was not unusual for him to appear dressed as a Guarani Indian using the name Nitsuga Mangoré (Nitsuga is Agustín spelled

544 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 in reverse and Mangoré is the name of the cacique of the Timbu Indians). A pioneer in recording guitar music, he was known for his virtuosity. After successful tours of Latin America and Europe, he chose to settle in El Salvador after suffering a heart attack. His period in El Salvador was devoted to teaching, which he did not do while active as a touring concert artist. This richly illustrated work is dedicated to his 1933 visit to El Salvador; his 1939–40 tour of the country; and his period as a teacher in El Salvador until his death on 7 August 1944. During the fi nal stage of his career, he taught a circle of students known as the “Mangoreans” who were all from El Salvador. The author has compiled a richly illustrated, heavily documented account of his career in El Salvador, excellent biographies of the “Mangoreans,” and useful appendices of his compositions.

2059 Rodríguez, Aldo. María Luisa Anido: la gran dama de la guitarra: una vida a contramano. Heredia, Costa Rica: EUNA, 2018. 135 p.: ill. While María Luisa Anido was born in Argentina (1907) and died in Spain (1996), her career was truly international and of particular importance for Costa Rica. Her year in Costa Rica is significant for several reasons, chief among them is that she was the fi rst professor of classical guitar in an official Costa Rican institution. During her tenure there in 1966, she trained eight classical guitarists. Additionally, her visits as a performer had a profound impact on the development of the guitar in that country. This richly illustrated volume includes a catalog of compositions, a listing of published transcriptions, reproductions of letters written by Anido, and musical examples. 2060 Sacolick, Robin. Cuzcatlán (El Salvador) and Maria de Baratta’s Nahualismo. (in Cultural nationalism and ethnic music in Latin America. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2018, p. 97–128, bibl., ill., photos) This chapter offers an excellent examination of El Salvador’s Nahualismo, a 1935 dance drama composed by María de Baratta. Baratta (1890–1978) is worthy of a full length biography herself. Enjoying the ben-

efits of El Salvador’s economic aristocracy, she was imprisoned for her protests against a massacre of Indigenous people. Devoting significant amounts of time to Nahualist lore during the 1920s and 1930s, after the massive massacre she turned her efforts to composition with such works as Danza ritual and En el teocalli. The titles recall works by Carlos Chávez, and indeed her Nahualismo was performed on Radio Nacional in El Salvador in 1936, the same year as Chavez’s Sinfonía India. Consistently, her music “featured aspects of her country that the government sought to bury.” This study includes a brilliant “programmatic scheme of Nahualismo.” Hopefully, María de Baratta’s work will be studied and performed more in the future. For a review of the entire book, see item 1954. CUBA

2061 Abreu, Christina D. Rhythms of race: Cuban musicians and the making of Latino New York City and Miami, 1940–1960. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2015. 303 p.: bibl., ill., index. (Envisioning Cuba) While so many studies on the impact of Cuban music on the US have focused on 1959 and beyond, this excellent contribution focuses on the period of 1940–60. In addition to its music history value, the work is also important as a study of immigration as the author carefully draws attention to the “primary” professions of so many of the musicians. Employing oral histories, Spanish-language press and media, and additional resources, Abreu discusses the importance of these musicians in the development of Cuban, Afro-Cuban, Latino, and Afro-Latino communities. Exploring their work in a variety of venues, ranging from television and fi lm to nightclubs, she demonstrates the need for such studies to properly understand the full impact of Cubans on the American music experience. 2062 Hernández Pavón, Zenovio; Salvador Regueira Millán; and Joaquín Osorio Carralero. A Puerto Padre me voy. . . tuneros en la música cubana. Las Tunas, Cuba: Editorial Sanlope, 2015. 103 p.: bibl., ill. (Cabaniguán) Tracing the importance of Las Tunas, a province in central-eastern Cuba, in the

Music: Cuba / 545 development of the island’s culture, the author hopes to inspire other scholars and writers to explore the region’s rich musical heritage. The work begins with an essay on Puerto Padre, a city with a particularly rich musical life in the 19th century. The study draws particular attention to performers such as Enrique Peña, las Hermanas Márquez, Alfredo Levy, Juan Pablo Torres, Emiliano Salvador, José Antonio Rodríguez, Rosa Matos, Kelvis Ochoa, and Félix Valera Miranda.

2063 Lorenzino, Lisa. Esteban Salas and his legacy of music education in Cuba. (J. Hist. Res. Music Educ., 34:2, April 2013, p. 101–118) Placing Salas’ career within the greater context of Cuban cathedral music history, Lorenzino also provides biographical background on the composer in order to appreciate fully his tenure in Santiago de Cuba. The main focus of the article is the effort undertaken by Salas during his tenure in Santiago de Cuba (1764–1802) to transform the Catedral de Santiago’s capilla (music chapel) into a center of music education. His importance is defi ned both as a composer and as the “distributor of Western European art music.” His influence in the field of music education was two-fold: fi rst through his efforts to improve the cathedral’s musicians and their skills and second through his role (beginning in 1784) at the San Basílico Seminary, where he labored to increase the musical knowledge and skills of priests. 2064 Oropesa, Ricardo R. Las oscuras leyendas de Chano Pozo. Camagüey, Cuba: Editorial Ácana, 2017. 202 p.: bibl., ill. (Suma y reflejo) Ricardo R. Oropesa Fernández (b. 1955, Cienfuegos, Cuba), received his doctorate in pedagogical science in 1997. He is known as a composer, producer, cultural activist, researcher, and author. He is a member of the Unión de Escritores y Artistas de Cuba. In this work, the author dedicates himself to the jazz percussionist drummer Chano Pozo (1915–48). Born Luciano Pozo González, Chano Pozo was a major force in the creation of Latin jazz. Working closely with Dizzy Gillespie, he was considered to be the fi rst Latin per-

cussionist in Gillespie’s band. Oropesa describes Pozo’s musical thought, his creative personality, his principal works, and his musical evolution. The author tries to carefully distinguish between myth and reality.

2065 Pacheco Valera, Irina. La Revista Pro-Arte Musical en su primera epoca (1923–1940). La Habana: Ediciones Extramuros, 2016. 156 p.: bibl., ill., photos. Irina Pacheco Valera is the author of several important works such as: La Sociedad Pro-Arte Musical: testimonio de su tiempo (2011), Diatribas identitarias culturales de Latinoamerica y Cuba (2012), and Imaginarios socioculturales cubanos (2015), along with articles such as “Eduardo Sánchez de Fuentes: un creador musical polémico” (in Comparative Cultural Studies: European and Latin American Perspectives, 2020). In this work, she analyzes the Revista Pro-Arte Musical during the period 1923–40 with a focus on the dynamics within the greater cultural and political context. She also examines the journal in relation to the thought and publications of the Cuban intellectual avant-garde. The gallery of photographs of individuals closely associated with the journal is an important addition. 2066 Roque García, Juan Carlos. Cómo Cuba puso a bailar al mundo: veinte años del Buena Vista Social Club. Segunda edición. La Habana: Ediciones UNIÓN, 2017. 234 p.: ill. When Buena Vista Social Club’s album was released in 1997, it became an instant worldwide success. Twenty years later, in September 2017, a group of elderly musicians made a recording of what might be considered “old fashioned” music. The album was to be different from the 1997 one as envisioned by British record producer Nick Gold and American guitarist Ry Cooder. They intended to create an album to show the relationship between Cuban and West African music. However, as the Mali group was unable to participate and as the studio time at EGREM (the Cuban national label) was already secured, the decision to proceed with the Buena Vista Social Club project went forward. The present volume is an assemblage of profi les of the various

546 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 members of the group based primarily on oral history interviews conducted in 2000, with the exception of a few conducted in 2001 and 2015.

2067 Sara González, con apuros y paciencia. Compilación de Mayra A. Martínez. La Habana: Ediciones Unión, 2017. 301 p.: ill. A reprint of the 2014 edition, authorized for sale only in Cuba, this work begins with an oral history conducted with Sara González, founder of the Nueva Trova Cubana, during the Festival Revoluciones held in Mexico City in 2001. Beginning her studies in viola at the Amadeo Roldán Conservatory, she was also active in a number of institutes, including ICAIC (cinematographic arts) and GES (sound experimentation directed by Leo Brouwer). This heavily illustrated volume is particularly important

as it draws attention to González’s interaction with the visual arts.

2068 Soares, Thiago. Música pop en Cuba: globalización, territorios y solidaridad digital. Barcelona: InCom UAB: Editorial UOC, 2018. 146 p.: bibl., ill. (Atlántica de comunicación; 40) An examination of pop music in Cuba, this work thoroughly explores the globalization of music, not only through performances by such superstars as Madonna and Lady Gaga, but also by illustrating the impact and influence of the internet and social media on music. Soares provides insight into the worlds of culture and identity while discussing how Cuba has not been excluded from the particular circuit of musical consumerism. He illustrates how such activity leads to the acceptance of diverse cultures.

ANDEAN COUNTRIES JONATHAN RITTER , Associate Professor of Ethnomusicology, University of California, Riverside

AFTER A LONG PERIOD of relative political stability, the Andean region has been rocked by significant upheavals in recent years. The decade-long Pink Tide governments of Rafael Correa in Ecuador (2007–2017) and Evo Morales in Bolivia (2006–2019) ended with controversial and contested shifts to the right, while Peru cycled through five presidents in just over three years (2018–2021). Colombia’s peace process and post-confl ict recovery have largely stalled under opposition from Presidents Uribe and Duque, and continued economic and political challenges in Venezuela under the Maduro government (2013– ) have led to massive emigration, further straining relationships with neighboring countries. Coming on top of the COVID-19 pandemic, the impact of these events on music, musicians, and music research varies from country to country, but changes to everything from government funding for musical and cultural programs, including academic publishing, to the ability of musicians to work and perform are being felt across the region. This instability also raises questions regarding the role of music in contemporary political developments—a subject for future scholarship, to be sure, but one already being explored in historical terms by several recent studies of Colombia’s political song tradition reviewed here, including Gabriel Samacá Alonso’s analysis of FARC-EP guerrilla songs (item 2077) and Orlando Villanueva Martínez’s anthology of war songs from the insurección llanera of the 1950s (item 2078). This review cycle includes several major studies and edited collections on music in the Andean region that merit special attention for the significance of

546 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 members of the group based primarily on oral history interviews conducted in 2000, with the exception of a few conducted in 2001 and 2015.

2067 Sara González, con apuros y paciencia. Compilación de Mayra A. Martínez. La Habana: Ediciones Unión, 2017. 301 p.: ill. A reprint of the 2014 edition, authorized for sale only in Cuba, this work begins with an oral history conducted with Sara González, founder of the Nueva Trova Cubana, during the Festival Revoluciones held in Mexico City in 2001. Beginning her studies in viola at the Amadeo Roldán Conservatory, she was also active in a number of institutes, including ICAIC (cinematographic arts) and GES (sound experimentation directed by Leo Brouwer). This heavily illustrated volume is particularly important

as it draws attention to González’s interaction with the visual arts.

2068 Soares, Thiago. Música pop en Cuba: globalización, territorios y solidaridad digital. Barcelona: InCom UAB: Editorial UOC, 2018. 146 p.: bibl., ill. (Atlántica de comunicación; 40) An examination of pop music in Cuba, this work thoroughly explores the globalization of music, not only through performances by such superstars as Madonna and Lady Gaga, but also by illustrating the impact and influence of the internet and social media on music. Soares provides insight into the worlds of culture and identity while discussing how Cuba has not been excluded from the particular circuit of musical consumerism. He illustrates how such activity leads to the acceptance of diverse cultures.

ANDEAN COUNTRIES JONATHAN RITTER , Associate Professor of Ethnomusicology, University of California, Riverside

AFTER A LONG PERIOD of relative political stability, the Andean region has been rocked by significant upheavals in recent years. The decade-long Pink Tide governments of Rafael Correa in Ecuador (2007–2017) and Evo Morales in Bolivia (2006–2019) ended with controversial and contested shifts to the right, while Peru cycled through five presidents in just over three years (2018–2021). Colombia’s peace process and post-confl ict recovery have largely stalled under opposition from Presidents Uribe and Duque, and continued economic and political challenges in Venezuela under the Maduro government (2013– ) have led to massive emigration, further straining relationships with neighboring countries. Coming on top of the COVID-19 pandemic, the impact of these events on music, musicians, and music research varies from country to country, but changes to everything from government funding for musical and cultural programs, including academic publishing, to the ability of musicians to work and perform are being felt across the region. This instability also raises questions regarding the role of music in contemporary political developments—a subject for future scholarship, to be sure, but one already being explored in historical terms by several recent studies of Colombia’s political song tradition reviewed here, including Gabriel Samacá Alonso’s analysis of FARC-EP guerrilla songs (item 2077) and Orlando Villanueva Martínez’s anthology of war songs from the insurección llanera of the 1950s (item 2078). This review cycle includes several major studies and edited collections on music in the Andean region that merit special attention for the significance of

Music: Andean Countries / 547

their contributions, each reflecting years, and sometimes decades, of research by individual scholars. Michael Birenbaum Quintero’s Rites, Rights and Rhythms (item 2075) traces a genealogy of music and musical meaning(s) in Colombia’s Black Pacific, simultaneously offering the fi rst major English-language study of the currulao marimba tradition as well as a new model for ethnographically and historically informed scholarship on music, politics, and sound; this study was awarded the Ruth Stone Prize by the Society for Ethnomusicology for the best fi rst book by a scholar in the field. Fernando E. Rios’ deeply sourced Panpipes and Ponchos (item 2072), drawing on nearly a quarter-century of archival and ethnographic research in multiple countries and continents, makes a similarly profound contribution to both our understanding of urban folkloric music and its role in Bolivian nationalist expression in the 20th century, while recounting the convoluted story of how that music came to represent “the Andes” throughout much of the world by the 1970s and 80s. Finally, Julio Mendívil’s edited collection El charango: historias y tradiciones vivas (item 1953) gathers the extensive scholarship on this quintessentially Andean instrument into a single volume for the fi rst time. The volume includes well-known articles by Thomas Turino, Henry Stobart, and Mendívil himself from recent decades, as well as long out-of-print or simply forgotten essays by Latin American scholars ranging from José María Arguedas and Carlos Vega to Ernesto Cavour and Chalena Vásquez. Coupled with Marcelo Cornejo-Purán’s recent book on the charango in Chile (item 2104), which provides a crucial link to the instrument’s global spread thanks to the popularity of Chilean nueva canción groups in the later 20th century, scholarly understanding and resources for further research about the diminutive lute are at their peak. Dovetailing with the recent emphasis on music, Blackness, and anti-racism in North American music scholarship, the study of Afro-Andean musics has also coalesced into a significant new subfield in recent years, strongly reflected in the works surveyed here. In addition to Michael Birenbaum Quintero’s alreadymentioned work on the Afro-Colombian currulao, Spanish ethnomusicologist Fernando Palacios Mateos has published a trio of works about the closely related Afro-Ecuadorian marimba tradition from the Esmeraldas Province (items 2080, 2081, and 2082), also constituting the fi rst book-length studies of that musical tradition. Moving south, Danielle Roper’s work on the surprising connections between North American blackface minstrelsy and blackface representations in Peru and Bolivia (item 2099) makes a strong case for a hemispheric approach to understanding racialized performance practices, and underscores the need for additional comparative research given the popularity of black-masked negrito dance traditions throughout the Andes. Afro-Peruvian ethnomusicologist Rodrigo Chocano’s compelling insider account (item 2090) of the cultural and musical negotiations involved in choosing Afro-Peruvian musical selections for a multinational album project on afrodescendiente musics in Latin America also emphasizes the ways that Blackness and race are understood relationally within and across the region. In more informal prose, Afro-Peruvian singer and actor Javier Lobatón addresses the role of race and racism in Peru in his recent memoir (item 2092), celebrating the lives of many Afro-Peruvian musicians and sports stars and proffering a “Peruvian dream” of a country free from discrimination and solidarity across racial lines. Finally, Peruvian ethnomusicologist Fiorella Montero-Diaz turns to different configurations of race in the Andes, analyzing whiteness and Indigeneity in Peruvian popular music through ethnographic work with upper-class youth in Lima (item 2094) as well as via media analysis, includ-

548 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76

ing online surveys, of YouTube videos by the country’s most prominent fusion artists (item 2095). In comparison to prior review cycles, studies of contemporary popular music in the Andes account for a smaller share of recent scholarship, but still include some remarkable and important publications. North American anthropologist Michelle Wibbelsman’s textual and ethnographic analysis of Kichwa rap in Otavalo, Ecuador, is especially welcome (item 2084), given the rising popularity of the genre throughout the Andes for the last two decades and the lag in scholarship about it. Several studies look closely at the role of media and technology in various forms of popular music, including Montero-Diaz’s just mentioned work on fusion music and online media, Henry Stobart’s ethnographic work on Bolivian music videos created by Indigenous/originario producers (item item 2073), Hernando Andrés Pulido Londoño’s discussion of Colombian popular music in the mid-20th century based on an analysis of correspondence between a prominent radio DJ and his listeners (item 2076), and José Ignacio López Ramírez Gastón’s book on music and technology in Peru and its formative role in everything from the art music avant-garde to contemporary techno dance music (item 2093). Though concerned less with popular music itself, Raúl Romero’s reflexive essay on visual ethnomusicology (item 2098) explores related topics about the role of media and technology in scholarship about music, discussing the two extensive series of documentaries he produced about Peruvian traditional, popular, and art musics as part of his work directing the Instituto de Etnomusicología in Lima’s Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. If scholarship about popular music waned somewhat during this review cycle, it was an unusually robust period for studies of art music in the Andes. Though a variety of composers, eras, and art forms are explored in this new wave of scholarship, nationalism and early 20th-century music remain the dominant topics. Among the notable works in this vein are Argentine musicologist Vera Wolkowicz’s study of art music and nationalism in Ecuador, via an analysis of Inca themes in works by several of the country’s canonical modern composers (item 2085); Ecuadorian musicologist Ketty Wong’s articles on the development of Ecuadorian opera and lyric theater in the 19th and early 20th century (items 2086 and 2087); and Raúl Romero’s work on indigenismo and the Peruvian composer Rodolfo Holzmann, now available in English translation (item 2097). Other recent publications extend the usual focus on the 20th century both backward and forward in time. The Quito-based Fundación Filarmónico’s stunning box set (item 2083) dedicated to Ecuadorian villancicos and other sacred music from the colonial period (17th and 18th centuries) is an extraordinary contribution, both for its musicological study of this repertoire as well as the recordings and facsimile scores that make it available to new audiences and performers. José Manuel Izquierdo König and Zoila Vega Salvatiera reintroduce the relatively unknown 19th-century Peruvian-Bolivian composer Pedro Ximénez Abrill Tirado, whose substantial body of secular instrumental music—including 40 recently rediscovered symphonies—suggest an important figure meriting further research and attention (items 2069 and 2070). Beyond historical studies, new work is also emerging on contemporary art music by living composers in and from the region, including historian Gabrielle Kuenzli’s analysis of Bolivian composer Roberto Villalpando’s 1995 opera Manchay Puytu (item 2071), and musicologist Hermann Hudde’s overview of the life and work of Venezuelan composer Ricardo Lorenz (item 2101).

Music: Andean Countries: Bolivia / 549

Finally, several publications explore still-vital folk and traditional music practices that were once the mainstay of Andean music scholarship. Mario Godoy Aguirre’s ethnography of carnival music and other genres in Ecuador’s Chimborazo region (item 2079) is the only study reviewed here focused exclusively on a rural music practice, a striking shift from most scholarship just two decades ago. Anthropologist Rodrigo Montoya’s large-format book on the wayno, a genre that remains incredibly popular and important throughout the Peruvian Andes, provides a close look at the lives and careers of two of its major performers of the later 20th century, Edwin Montoya and Jorge Núñez del Prado, who are also featured on the accompanying CD (item 2096). Luís Cáceres Álvarez’s book on criollo music in Peru (item 2088) is a rare and welcome departure from more typical studies of this music’s historical development, offering instead a contemporary ethnographic account of today’s criollo scene in Lima among a tight-knit group of music aficionados. Last, a trio of new books on sikuri panpipe music in Peru offer the most extensive and substantial new work on this genre since the publication of Thomas Turino’s now-seminal 1993 book, Moving Away from Silence (see HLAS 55:1068). José Domingo Calisaya Mamani and Fernando Medrano Verano take an encyclopedic approach to describing panpipe musics of the Lake Titicaca region (item 2089), while Carlos Sánchez Huaringa provides an extensive historical account of the instrumental ensemble’s diffusion and popularity in Lima, among migrant associations from the southern altiplano, college students, and other organizations (item 2100). Juan Carlos La Serna Salcedo’s ethnographic study (item 2091), published by the Peruvian Ministry of Culture, is focused primarily on the popular diablada dance of the altiplano region, but contains a substantial discussion of the sikuri music that accompanies it. Collectively, these three books provide a thorough and compelling portrait of contemporary sikuri music performance in Peru, and the continued relevance of this tradition to many Andean people—young and old, rural and urban—within the country.

BOLIVIA

2069 Izquierdo König, José Manuel. Las sinfonías de Pedro Ximénez Abrill y Tirado: una primera aproximación. (Anu. Estud. Boliv. Arch. Bibliogr., 22:1, 2016, p. 153–184, bibl., graph, ill., table) Drawing on archival work in Bolivia and the composer Pedro Ximénez Abrill y Tirado’s own late-life musical catalog, this article offers a preliminary overview of the composer’s symphonic works. Unusual for a composer of his time (19th century) in Latin America, as Izquierdo König notes, Pedro Ximénez penned a substantial body of secular instrumental music, including 40 symphonies. More than half of these survive as complete or nearly complete works, and the author analyzes these scores to offer an initial study of the composer’s musical style and influences, as well as to propose a periodization of the composer’s output. The

article concludes with an inventory and basic information on each of the symphonies. See also item 2070.

2070 Izquierdo König, José Manuel and Zoila Vega Salvatierra. Nuevos aportes acerca de la vida del compositor peruano-boliviano Pedro Ximénez Abrill Tirado (1784–1856). (Rev. Music. Chil., 71:227, enero/junio 2017, p. 48–78, bibl.) A deeply sourced biographical study of the Peruvian-Bolivian composer Pedro Ximénez Abrill Tirado, complementing König’s prior study of Abrill Tirado’s symphonic works (see item 2069). Renewed interest in the composer, spurred by the discovery in recent decades of a significant number of his musical scores, has also led to the frequent repetition of errors and mischaracterizations of his life which the authors set out to correct. Beginning with the date of his birth, in Arequipa in 1784,

550 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 through examinations of his family connections, likely early musical influences, the political context of revolutionary struggle for independence from Spain, and his ultimate move to Bolivia as maestro de capilla in Sucre, the authors provide a careful but exhaustive account of currently known archival sources regarding the composer and confi rm the case for his importance as a key figure in 19th-century Andean music history.

2071 Kuenzli, E. Gabrielle. The opera Manchay Puytu: a cautionary tale regarding mestizos in twentieth-century Highland Bolivia. (in Cultural nationalism and ethnic music in Latin America. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2018, p. 219–226, bibl., ill.) A brief synopsis and analysis of the opera Manchay puytu: el amor que quiso ocultar Dios, written by Alberto Villalpando in 1995 and based on the eponymous 1977 novel by Néstor Taboada Terán. The author positions the opera within the Bolivian political context of the latter 20th century, comparing its storyline of the forlorn mestizo, caught between Indigenous and criollo worlds, to the rise of the Katarista political movement in the 1970s and its rejection of cultural mestizaje as promoted by the 1952 MNR Revolution. For a review of the entire book, see item 1954. 2072 Rios, Fernando E. Panpipes & ponchos: music folklorization and the rise of the Andean conjunto tradition in La Paz, Bolivia. New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, 2020. 283 p.: bibl., ill., index. (Currents in Latin American and Iberian music) A deeply researched and detailed history of urban Bolivian folk music in the 20th century. Ethnomusicologist Fernando Rios traces the multiple origins of the “Andean conjunto”—an ensemble including the guitar, the kena flute, the Andean charango, and bombo drum—and how it came to represent Bolivian “national” folklore by the 1970s. Rios’ wide-ranging inquiry covers elements that are both specific to Bolivia and widely shared in the region: from the influence of indigenismo and the invention of folklore to the popularity of Spanish-derived estudiantina string bands

in the early 20th century, through the rise of government-sponsored folklore festivals and the popularity of stylized “Andean” music in folk music clubs of places as disparate as Argentina and France at mid-century, to the folklore “boom” of the 1960s and 70s in La Paz itself and the enduring popularity of emblematic bands like Los Jairas. Rios’ keen eye for detail—and his ability to tie the minutiae to broader considerations of nationalism and folklore in the 20th century—make this work a model of well-crafted historical ethnomusicology. Strongly recommended.

2073 Stobart, Henry. Creative pragmatism: competency and aesthetics in Bolivian Indigenous music video (VCD) production. (in Music, indigeneity, digital media. Edited by Thomas R. Hilder, Henry Stobart, and Shzr Ee Tan. Rochester, N.Y.: University of Rochester Press, 2017, p. p. 127–155., bibl.) An insightful ethnographic study of Indigenous/originario music media production. Noting the spread of relatively cheap, lo-fi video capture and editing technology throughout the Global South, accompanied by related sales of video compact discs (VCDs) in the informal market, British ethnomusicologist Henry Stobart examines the technical production, esthetics, circulation, and reception of Bolivian music videos created by originario producer Gregorio Mamani in the Potosí region. Stobart argues against interpretations of such videos that stress either a critical disdain for their low production quality and informal nature, or romanticized valorization as representing Indigenous esthetics, positioning them instead as acts of “creative pragmatism” that accurately reflect the economic conditions, esthetic preferences, and lived realities of their producers and audiences. 2074 Zambrana, Fabio. La bomba. Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia: Memoria, 2015. 592 p.: ill. Autobiography of the Bolivian songwriter and musician Fabio Zambrana, known primarily as the bandleader of the Bolivian rock band Azul Azul and author of the international hit pop song La Bomba, which topped Billboard’s international Latin charts in 1999 and inspired multiple cover versions in Europe and elsewhere in Latin America in the following years. The book

Music: Andean Countries: Colombia / 551 is divided into two parts. The fi rst narrates Zambrana’s life story from his childhood in the city of Santa Cruz to later national and international success; the second, shorter, part of the book is entitled “How to Make Money with Music,” and offers advice to musicians and other readers on how to navigate the international music industry. COLOMBIA

2075 Birenbaum Quintero, Michael. Rites, rights and rhythms: a genealogy of musical meaning in Colombia’s Black Pacific. New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, 2019. 319 p.: bibl., ill., index, music. (Currents in Latin American and Iberian music) A powerful, provocative, and profound study of Afro-Colombian currulao music and the history of Blackness itself in Colombia’s Pacific region. Ethnomusicologist Michael Birenbaum Quintero combines social history, ethnography, and a critical/ theoretical approach to understanding race to unpack what he calls a “genealogy” of Black music in the region. Working from the 18th century to the present, Quintero demonstrates how the currulao has functioned at different times (and sometimes simultaneously) as a music of ritual propitiation within the Black Pacific soundworld, as a practice of Black cosmopolitanism, as a participant in Black activism, as a source of income and economic development, and, through folklorization processes in the latter 20th century, as a complicated symbol of region and nation under the banner of neoliberal multiculturalism. Winner of the Ruth Stone Prize from the Society for Ethnomusicology in 2020, which recognizes the best fi rst book by an ethnomusicologist, this study rewrites the possibilities for what ethnomusicological research can look like and accomplish today. The book also includes a robust companion website. 2076 Pulido Londoño, Hernando Andrés. Radioescuchas y “música nacional” a mediados del siglo XX: el programa radial Antología Musical de Colombia. (Hist. Crít./Bogotá, 67, enero/marzo 2018, p. 67–88, bibl.,) An intriguing study of musical nationalism in mid-20th century Colombia,

based on a survey of radio audience correspondence with the director of a prominent 1950s radio program in Bogotá, Antología Musical de Colombia. The author, a Colombian historian, positions the program within the intertwined contexts of political upheaval, changes in the Colombian popular music industry—including the growing market for so-called tropical music like cumbia as well as Anglophone popular music—and recurring debates over the country’s national identity. Drawing on the archive of radio listener correspondence, Pulido Londoño argues that program director Oriol Rangel’s promotion of Andean genres like the bambuco and pasillo, as performed by himself on the piano, as “national music” reflected both elite/conservative views on national cultural identity as well as a more popular sentimental attachment to this repertoire.

2077 Samacá Alonso, Gabriel David. Versos de amores que matan los odios malditos del yanqui opresor: música insurgente y discurso político de las FARC-EP. (Anu. Colomb. Hist. Soc. Cult., 44:2, julio/ dic. 2017, p. 227–259, bibl.) This study presents an analysis of the Colombian armed confl ict as expressed and understood through songs of the FARC-EP guerrilla movement. The fi rst portion of the article traces a history of counterinsurgency efforts by the Colombian state from the 1960s to the 90s, emphasizing how “national security” was conceived within the transnational context of the Cold War and the direct influence of US anticommunist— and later antidrug trafficking and counterterrorism—foreign policy in the region. The author then turns to music within the FARC-EP, using song texts to illustrate how militants viewed themselves and the confl ict. In addition to Marxist-Leninist ideology and Bolivarian ideals, a prominent theme in the songs discussed is an intense rejection of “Yankee imperialism” and US influence on Colombia and Latin America in general. The songs considered for this study are from an anthology published online in 2007, and include a surprisingly diverse array of musical styles, predominantly Colombian genres like cumbia and vallenato, but also internationally popular music styles including rock.

552 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76

2078 Villanueva Martínez, Orlando. Canciones de la guerra: la insurrección llanera cantada y declamada. Bogotá: Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, 2016. 390 p.: bibl., ill., portraits, 1 videodisc (4 3/4 in.). (Ciudadania y democracia) An anthology of song texts and poems from Colombia’s guerrilla war in the Llanos Orientales in the 1950s. The prologue by Hermes Tovar Pinzón positions these songs as acts of memory recovered from the amnesia enforced by the Colombian state and political elite over the following decades. An introductory essay by Villanueva positions the songs within the political context of the time in which they were written, noting prominent themes, events, and individuals active in both the insurrection and the national government. While the analysis is primarily textual, tables and other illustrative material provide further information and context, including musical genres (primarily corridos, joropos, pajarillos, and bambucos), composers, performers, and recordings, as well as a substantial collection of images from the confl ict and of the composers and performers of analyzed songs. ECUADOR

2079 Godoy Aguirre, Mario. Música puruhá: Chimborazo carnaval. Riobamba, Ecuador: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana Benjamín Carrión, Núcleo de Chimborazo, 2016. 180 p.: bibl., ill. (some color), music, 1 audio disc (4 3/4 in.). (Colección Taki; 4) Ethnographic study of traditional music in the province of Chimborazo in central Ecuador. Early chapters provide an overview of provincial history and musical practices in the region, including important ritual contexts and organological information on local instruments. The fi nal four chapters examine two key genres: the jahuay, an a cappella song type associated with harvest rituals and presumed to predate Spanish colonization, and the carnival, a regionally distinct form of vocal and instrumental music performed during the pre-Lenten festival celebrated throughout Latin America and the Andes. The author distinguishes between Indigenous and mestizo carnival genres, noting differences in scale, instrumentation, and context. The author, Ecua-

dorian musicologist Mario Godoy, concludes with an appeal for greater support and diffusion of these traditional music genres.

2080 Palacios Mateos, Fernando. El andarele en la música tradicional afroesmeraldeña, Ecuador. Quito: Ediciones AbyaYala: Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, 2013. 189 p.: bibl., ill., maps, 1 DVD. An overview of Afro-Ecuadorian music from the province of Esmeraldas, a predominantly afrodescendiente region on Ecuador’s northern coast. After a brief introduction, the author, a Spanish ethnomusicologist, divides the text into three main chapters. The fi rst and shortest of these addresses Afroesmeraldeñan history, beliefs, and oral traditions. The second offers a normative account of musical traditions in the province, including principal genres, musical instruments, and ritual contexts. The third and longest chapter, and arguably the book’s greatest contribution, is a detailed analysis of a single Esmeraldeñan piece/genre called “Andarele,” as performed and discussed by nearly a dozen different performers, including contemporary fusion groups. The author concludes by noting that this single piece of music, in all of its diverse manifestations, is an apt symbol of both the deep traditions and contemporary changes at work in Afroesmeraldeñan music and culture today. An accompanying CD includes MP3s and a video of examples discussed in the text. 2081 Palacios Mateos, Fernando. Culturas intangibles en movimiento: la música tradicional afroesmeraldeña, Ecuador. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala: Centro de Publicaciones, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, 2018. 404 p.: bibl., ill., maps, music, 1 DVD. An essential new ethnomusicological study of Afro-Ecuadorian music, and one of the most comprehensive studies of musical traditions from Esmeraldas ever published. Drawn from the author’s recent dissertation completed at the Universidad de Oviedo (Spain), itself a revision and expansion of his previous book on Afro-Ecuadorian music (see item 2080), this book melds deep historical inquiry, rich ethnographic and musical data, and a robust theoretical framework to explore not only the origins and develop-

Music: Andean Countries: Ecuador / 553 ment of Afro-Ecuadorian musical traditions, but also their dynamic and changing present. An accompanying CD includes audio, video, and textual examples, drawn primarily from the author’s field research.

2082 Palacios Mateos, Fernando. Sonoridades africanas en Iberoamérica: la marimba tradicional afroesmeraldeña, Ecuador. (Cuad. Mús. Iberoam., 30, 2017, p. 179–205, bibl., music, photos) An article-length introduction to the Afro-Ecuadorian marimba as played in Black communities of Esmeraldas province. The author focuses on the instrument’s origins in Africa, construction details, playing techniques, and defi ning musical characteristics, as well as its importance as a symbol of Afroesmeraldeñan identity today. Many of the main themes are discussed in more detail in the author’s monograph, Culturas intangibles en movimiento (see item 2081). 2083 Villancicos, romances y chanzonetas: archivo histórico de la diócesis de Ibarra, Ecuador, siglos XVII y XVIII. Edición, catálogo y transcripción de Miguel P. Juárez. Estudio introductorio de Gustavo Lovato. Quito: Fundación Filarmónico Casa de la Música Hans & Gi Neustaetter, 2018. 1 score (2 v.): facsims., ill., 3 CDs. This handsomely produced, twovolume set presents a remarkable repertoire of liturgical vocal music from the Ibarra Diocese, in northern Ecuador, dating to the 17th and 18th centuries. The fi rst volume includes an extensive introductory essay by Gustavo Lovato on Ecuadorian sacred music in the colonial era, as well as facsimile reproductions of key manuscripts, song texts, and a three-disc set of recordings of the archival scores by the Quito-based early music ensemble Grupo Cantus Firmus, under the direction of Lovato. The second volume includes more than 40 transcriptions of the archival scores, edited and arranged by Argentine musicologist Miguel Juárez. 2084 Wibbelsman, Michelle. Northern Andean cosmology and Otavalan hip hop. (in Andean world. Edited by Linda J. Seligmann and Kathleen S. Fine-Dare. New York, N.Y.: Routledge, 2018, p. 128–142, bibl., photos) A deeply grounded analysis of the music and textual esthetics of the Ecuadorian

Kichwa rap group Los Nin. Going well beyond obvious lyric references to Indigenous themes or the influence of transnational hip hop, anthropologist Michelle Wibbelsman explores how Los Nin root their compositions and performances in northern Ecuadorian Indigenous cosmologies and cultural practices. Drawing on her own many years of ethnographic work in the Otavalo region, Wibbelsman demonstrates how the group’s rhyme schemes, sonic references, and performative gestures consistently draw upon and speak to Indigenous cultural expressions—a continuation, rather than a rupture, with traditional values, and are recognized as such within their community.

2085 Wolkowicz, Vera. Incan or not?: Building Ecuador’s musical past in the quest for a nationalist art music, 1900–1950. (J. Musicol./St. Joseph, 36:2, Spring 2019, p. 228–260) A musicological study of Ecuadorian art music and nationalism in the early 20th century, based on the published works of composers Pedro Pablo Traversari, Segundo Luis Moreno, and Sixto María Durán. Wolkowicz focuses on the debate between these figures regarding whether Ecuador’s musical heritage was “Incan” or not, noting the political context of the time and the consequent nationalist desire by some to distance themselves from the Peruvian associations of Incan influence. Behind this debate, Wolkowicz traces the deeper currents informing Ecuadorian discourses about its national identity, rooted in European theories of social evolution, development, and folklore. 2086 Wong, Ketty. Cumandá: a leitmotiv in Ecuadorian operas?: Musical nationalism and representation of Indigenous people. (in Cultural nationalism and ethnic music in Latin America. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2018, p. 129–148, bibl., ill.) A comparative musicological study of three Ecuadorian operas of the early 20th century, all based on the 1879 novel Cumandá by Juan León Mera. Building on her long-standing work on music and nationalism in the country, Ecuadorian musicologist Ketty Wong positions these works in both the context of other Latin American

554 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 art music nationalist works of the time, as well as developments in other artistic realms within Ecuador itself. The three operas, written by several of Ecuador’s bestknown national composers—Pedro Pablo Traversari, Sixto Maria Durán, and Luis Humberto Salgado—vary in their musical language, but all reflect Romantic, costumbrista approaches to the depiction of Native peoples as rooted in the prehispanic past. As Wong points out, this was quite distinct from the literary and artistic indigenista movements in Ecuador at the time, which were based on social realist depictions of contemporary Indigenous peoples. Interestingly, none of the operas have ever been performed, and only one, that by Salgado, has a full, extant score. Wong concludes with the observation that the importance of these works in Ecuador lies less with their musical language, which is almost entirely unknown, than with the discourse surrounding them and the influential reputations of their composers. A Spanish version of the article is available in the Boletín de la Academia Nacional de Historia (Quito), Vol. 95, 2018, p. 215–228. For a review of the entire book, see item 1954.

2087 Wong, Ketty. El teatro lírico nacional y extranjero en el Ecuador hasta la primera mitad del siglo XX. (Rev. Arg. Musicol., 21:1, 2020, p. 101–126, bibl.) An historical overview of lyric theatrical productions, predominantly operas and zarzuelas, as presented in Guayaquil and Quito in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Musicologist Ketty Wong reconstructs the history of tours by European touring companies to Ecuador’s two major cities over several decades, arguing that these productions not only introduced Ecuadorian audiences to canonical works of the European stage, from Spanish zarzuelas to the popular Italian operas of Verdi and Puccini, they also spurred the intense musical activity within the country. These impacts included the formation of local lyric companies to present European works; changes to music education in the country’s national conservatories, especially under the influence of Italian directors like Domingo Brescia in Quito and Angelo Negri in Guayaquíl; and inspiration for local composers to create Ecuadorian works for the stage. The success

of lyric opera in the country was nonetheless short-lived as companies in both Quito and Guayaquil folded by the late 1940s due to lack of sufficient funding and structural support. An appendix to the article provides a list of European opera companies and the years of their tours to Ecuador. PERU

2088 Cáceres Álvarez, Luis. La Catedral del Criollismo: Guardia Vieja del siglo XXI. Lima: Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, 2017. 113 p.: bibl., ill., plan. An ethnographic essay about a music club, the “Cathedral of Criollismo,” founded in 2004 in Lima and dedicated to the preservation and performance of música criolla. Written in a journalistic style and liberally sprinkled with song quotes and anecdotes about jaranas at the club (parties dedicated to collective music performance), the book is divided into three chapters. The fi rst sketches the history of the Cathedral and its dedication to the music of the Guardia Vieja, the foundational era of música criolla beginning in the late 19th century and extending up to the death of its most prominent member, the “eternal bard” Felipe Pinglo Alva, in 1936. Chapter 2 offers a biography of Wendor Salgado, who founded the club with fellow older aficionados of this music, and who continues to host its gatherings in his home in the Breña neighborhood today. The fi nal chapter turns to the future of música criolla, often described as disappearing or in decline, and profi les numerous younger singers and musicians who attend gatherings at the club and point to a more promising future. A photo essay concludes the book, along with a link to a short accompanying documentary available on YouTube. 2089 Calisaya Mamani, José Domingo and Fernando Medrano Verano. Sikus y sikuris del Titiqaqa: apuntes etnomusicológicos. Puno, Peru: Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Rectorado, 2013. 411 p.: bibl., ill., music. (Biblioteca puneña; 36) A large-format, encyclopedic study of siku (panpipe) traditions and their contemporary practice in the Lake Titicaca region. The first section traces the instrument’s history and provides normative descriptions

Music: Andean Countries: Peru / 555 of terminology, construction techniques, performance traditions and cultural contexts. The second and third sections turn to uses of the siku academic or art music of the Titicaca region, and profiles prominent local composers who used the instrument or its techniques in their music, including Edgar Valcárcel and Virgilio Palacios Ortega. The fourth and longest section, comprising more than half of the book, presents an anthology of musical transcriptions and reproduced scores of the traditional and art music discussed in the earlier analysis. A final, fi fth section provides short summary profi les of nearly 50 active siku groups and associations in the Puno area. The volume concludes with a bibliography, glossary, and appendices.

2090 Chocano, Rodrigo. Producing African-descent: heritage, authenticity and bureaucracy in a Latin American music compilation. (Int. J. Herit. Stud., 25:8, 2019, p. 763–779, bibl.) A fascinating and unusual insider’s account of an intangible cultural heritage project in Peru and the complex agendas that inform such projects and motivate their multiple stakeholders. Written by Peruvian anthropologist and ethnomusicologist Rodrigo Chocano, who oversaw the project while working at the Peruvian Ministerio de Cultura, the article traces the internal processes and debates that guided Peruvian contributions to a multinational album project, Cantos y Música Afrodescendientes de América Latina (2012). Chocano illustrates how differing ideas about authenticity, Afro-Peruvian music, and Africa itself informed decisions and priorities about what to include in the disc, which involved negotiations among consulting musicians, Afro-Peruvian community members and activists, state-level bureaucrats, and ultimately the international intangible cultural heritage organizations involved. 2091 La Serna Salcedo, Juan Carlos. Sicuris, máscaras y diablos danzantes: historia de la diablada y la identidad cultural en Puno. Lima: Ministerio de Cultura, 2018. 220 p.: bibl., ill. (some color). (Serie Pueblos y tradiciones; 6) A history of the diablada, the popular masked dance of the Altiplano region in southern Peru and Bolivia. Written by

a Peruvian historian and based primarily on archival research, the book traces the development of the diablada and its associated festive ritual context and musical accompaniments from the early colonial era to the present. The introduction and fi rst two chapters focus on the dance’s colonial origins, including the theatrical role of the “devil” figure in Jesuit and other Catholic missionary practices as well as its secularization and adaptation by Andean Indigenous communities in later centuries, particularly as part of carnival celebrations. Chapter 3 turns to contemporary diablada practices and the sikuri panpipe musical ensemble that often accompanies it in the Puno region. The fi nal chapter traces the formalization of diablada dance practices in the 20th century, including the formation of folkloric dance troupes (comparsas) and the establishment of music and dance contests (concursos), particularly during the month of February that coincides with both carnival and the major civic-religious festival dedicated to the Virgen de la Candelaria. Extensive appendices of original documents and a photographic essay conclude the book.

2092 Lobatón, Javier. El sueño peruano. Lima: Editorial El Heraldo, 2019. 162 p.: photos, CD. A memoir of sorts consisting of two dozen short essays by a prominent AfroPeruvian singer, actor, and TV personality, on topics ranging from Peruvian popular music to the national soccer team. Lobatón recounts his friendships and experiences with some of Peru’s best-known singers of criollo and Andean musics, as well as popular sports and television celebrities. The book takes a more serious turn in several of the fi nal chapters, addressing themes like racism and social marginalization, domestic violence, and his titular “Peruvian dream” of a country rooted in solidarity and mutual respect. Includes a CD, “Homenaje al Perú,” with nine tracks of Lobatón’s music. 2093 López Ramírez Gastón, José Ignacio. La guardia nueva: visiones sobre la música electrónica en el Perú. Lima: Instituto de Etnomusicología, PUCP, 2019. 119 p.: bibl., ill. A small format book on the history of music and technology in Peru. Written

556 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 by a Peruvian musicologist and composer, known also for his work on the history of Peruvian jazz, the text is part philosophy, part academic and popular music history, and is divided into two main essays with a short conclusion. The fi rst essay sketches broad ideas about sound, technology, society, and nation, which provide a foundation for the more historical narrative of the second half, covering topics that range from Lima’s mid-century academic avant-garde to the rise of synth-pop and techno in the pop realm.

2094 Montero-Diaz, Fiorella. White cholos?: Discourses around race, whiteness and Lima’s fusion music. (in Cultures of anti-racism in Latin America and the Caribbean. Edited by Peter Wade, James Scorer, and Ignacio Aguiló. London: Institute of Latin American Studies, School of Advanced Study, University of London, 2019, p. 167–190, bibl.) In many ways a companion piece to Montero-Diaz’s article (see item 2095), this essay offers a nuanced and insightful take on discourses surrounding race, class, and whiteness in Lima, as expressed and experienced in the city’s vibrant fusion music scene. Montero-Diaz draws on extensive interviews with musicians as well as focus groups from different neighborhoods and social strata to explore how young musicians from the city’s white, elite families attempt to break down the barriers of a racialized, stratified society through playing and performing fusion music, particularly by engaging with working class, AfroPeruvian, and/or Andean genres previously shunned by the upper class. Montero-Diaz’s approach embraces the complexity of the issue, noting the unavoidable power and privilege afforded whiteness and elite sectors in Peru, but also the limitations placed on white musicians and their antiracist efforts due to perceptions of racialized authenticity. 2095 Montero-Diaz, Fiorella. YouTubing the “Other”: Lima’s upper classes and Andean imaginaries. (in Music, indigeneity, digital media. Edited by Thomas R. Hilder, Henry Stobart, and Shzr Ee Tan. Rochester, N.Y.: University of Rochester Press, 2017, p. p. 74–94, bibl.)

An excellent contribution to both the study of Andean popular music in Peru as well as new methodologies in media research. Peruvian ethnomusicologist Fiorella Montero-Diaz utilizes an online survey linked to several YouTube videos of Peruvian fusion music to solicit reactions from upper-class listeners in Lima, then analyzes the responses that illuminate elite attitudes toward Andean Indigenous peoples and Peruvian national identity. The musicians chosen for the study contrast in interesting ways, including Miki Gonzalez, a white/Spanish rock musician with a long history of fusion works emphasizing Andean (and Afro-Peruvian) indigeneity in rural, traditional ways; Damaris Mallma, a mestiza fusion-pop musician known for her bilingual lyrics in Spanish and Quechua and mash-up of traditional and popular music genres; and Magaly Solier, the renowned Ayacuchan actress and singer whose Quechua-language fusion album Warmi cemented her reputation as the quintessential modern Andean figure. The chapter is included in a larger collection of writings on Indigenous media globally (see also Henry Stobart’s chapter on Bolivia, item 2073).

2096 Montoya Rojas, Rodrigo. Encanto y celebración del wayno: en honor de Jorge Núñez del Prado y de Edwin Montoya. Cusco, Peru: Ministerio de Cultura. Dirección Regional de Cultura Cusco, 2013. 207 p.: ill. (some color), CD. A large format, hardcover, amply illustrated volume dedicated to the lives and music of two prominent Peruvian singer-songwriters, Jorge Núñez del Prado of Cuzco and Edwin Montoya of Ayacucho, both known for their dedication to the Andean wayno music/dance genre. Written and edited by Ayacuchan anthropologist Rodrigo Montoya (brother of Edwin), the book includes biographical chapters on each musician, an anthology of their song texts, a transcript of a discussion between the two figures, and an extensive concluding essay on the wayno itself by the author. An accompanying CD presents recordings of songs by both musicians. 2097 Romero, Raúl R. Nationalisms and anti-indigenismos: Rodolfo Holzmann and his contribution to a “Peruvian”

Music: Andean Countries: Peru / 557 music. (in Sound, image, and national imaginary in the construction of Latin/o American identities. Edited by Héctor Fernández L’Hoeste and Pablo Vila. Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books, 2018, p. 91–105, bibl.) A translation of Romero’s wellknown article on indigenismo in Peruvian art music and the role of German-Peruvian composer Rodolfo Holzmann in its rejection by a new generation of composers beginning in the mid-20th century. First published in Spanish in 2003 in the Peruvian journal Hueso Húmero, then reprinted in Romero’s 2017 essay collection Todas las músicas (see HLAS 74:2822), this is its fi rst publication in English.

2098 Romero, Raúl R. Researching and producing visual ethnomusicology in Peru: on ethnographic videos and television documentaries. (in Ethnomusicology and audiovisual communication: selected papers from the MusiCam 2014 Symposium. Edited by Enrique Cámara de Landa et al. Valladolid, Spain: Universidad de Valladolid, Aula de Música, 2016, p. 219–228, bibl., fi lmography) A detailed description of the genesis, technical facets, and intended audiences of two substantial video series on traditional music in Peru, produced by the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú’s Instituto de Etnomusicología. Written by the founder of that institute, Peruvian ethnomusicologist Raúl Romero, the paper begins by explaining the impetus behind the fi rst ethnographic video series that they produced in the 1990s. These nine short fi lms were based on fieldwork videos made in situ during Andean festivals, recorded on relatively cheap VHS video cameras, and lightly edited for ease of use in the classroom and other academic or educational purposes. The second set of 10 videos, created and produced for Peru’s national television station between 2010–2012, were fi lmed on broadcast-quality equipment with a script, a set one-hour running time, and were intended to reach a much broader audience. Romero argues that both series attempted to portray an ethnographic truth about the music or ritual practice depicted, but each did so by employing quite distinct methods and techniques that reflected the resources available and the intended audience.

2099 Roper, Danielle. Blackface at the Andean fiesta: performing Blackness in the Danza de Caporales. (LARR, 54:2, 2019, p. 381–397, bibl., photos) A compelling history and critical analysis of blackface performance in the Andes, focusing on recent iterations at the Fiesta de la Candelaria in Puno, Peru. Roper traces the history of blackface and black-masked performance in the Andean region, noting the multiple traditions that converge in contemporary versions; these include Catholic vernacular theater dating back to the colonial era, Andean Indigenous traditions of masking, carnival and the carnivalesque, the contested history of the Bolivian tundique music and dance form, media depictions of Black music and dance from elsewhere in Latin America during the 20th century, and the North American minstrel tradition. Roper develops the concept of “hemispheric blackface” (cara-negra hemisférica in Spanish) to explain how tropes of Blackness, enslavement, and the power fantasies of white supremacy circulate in unexpected ways, and how a single iteration like that in Puno must be understood in reference to both its local history and transnational, shifting influences. 2100 Sánchez Huaringa, Carlos. La flauta de Pan Andina: los grupos de sikuris metropolitanos: estudios sobre los conjuntos de zamponãs o sikuris limeños, urbanos, metropolitanos. Lima: Fondo Editorial de la UNMSM, 2013. 515 p., 16 pages of color plates: bibl., ill. (some color), music. An extensive, deeply researched organological and ethnographic study of sikuri panpipe ensembles in the city of Lima. The fi rst third of the book summarizes the instrument’s history and regional variation in the Andean region, similar to prior work on siku traditions published in Peru and elsewhere, but emphasizing in this case the development of distinct rural and urban traditions in the 20th century (see also item 2089). The book’s greatest contribution is the fi nely detailed history and ethnography of sikuri groups in Lima that begins with the second chapter, tracing developments in both regional migrant associations and university student ensembles. Particular attention is given to the popular-

558 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 ity of sikuri performance in the 1980s and 1990s, in the midst of Peru’s armed internal confl ict, and the ideological struggles over Marxism, folklore, and Andean identity that roiled many ensembles, especially university student groups. The fi nal portion of the book discusses current trends in sikuri performance since 2000, noting changes in gender participation as well as the spread of urban sikuri traditions to other parts of Latin America, including Colombia, Chile, and Argentina. VENEZUELA

2101 Hudde, Hermann. Ricardo Lorenz: a post-colonial/modern Latin(o) American composer. (Curr. Musicol., 103, Fall 2018, p. 97–120, bibl.) An overview of the life, selected music, and writings of contemporary Vene-

zuelan composer Ricardo Lorenz. The author, himself a Venezuelan American musicologist and composer, frames his discussion of Lorenz in reference to theoretical writings on decolonization from Latin America as well as Lorenz’s own take on Fernando Ortiz’s concept of transculturation. In addition to discussion of debates over the Western art music canon and the place of Latin American composers within it, the article provides biographical information on Lorenz, including his long association with the Latin American Music Center at Indiana University, the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, and as a professor at Michigan State University. A fi nal section analyzes how Lorenz puts ideas about transculturation into his music, including short analyses of his compositions Mambozart (1995), Pataruco: Concerto for Maracas and Orchestra (1999), and Rumba Sinfónica (2007).

SOUTHERN CONE ARGENTINA

2102 Fiorillo, Juan Carlos. Las grandes letras del folklore: historial de la canción folklórica: historias, autores y canciones. v. 1. Buenos Aires: Daniel Ochoa Editor, 2015. 1 v. An anthology of Argentine folk song texts. Compiled and annotated by Argentine folklorist, poet, and journalist Juan Carlos Fiorillo, this fi rst volume includes more than 100 songs. In addition to lyrics, each song text is accompanied by information on the composer and/or lyricist, recording history, and the author’s editorial commentary. Among the many zambas, chacareras, and other primarily northwestern Argentine folkloric genres are several well-known songs popular throughout Latin America, including Atahualpa Yupanqui’s “Luna tucumana,” Horacio Guarany’s “Si se calla el cantor,” and more. [J. Ritter] 2103 Fiorillo, Juan Carlos. Las grandes letras del folklore: historial de la canción folklórica: historias, autores y

canciones. v. 2. Buenos Aires: Daniel Ochoa Editor, 2015. 1 v. A second volume of the author’s anthology of Argentine folk song texts. See the entry for the fi rst volume (item 2102) for a description of the anthology. [J. Ritter] CHILE

2104 Cornejo-Purán, Marcelo. Citandino: las rutas del charango en Chile. Chile: Editorial Cuarto Propio, 2016. 214 p.: bibl., ill. (some color). An important addition to the growing literature on the Andean charango (see also the edited volume reviewed in item 1953). Typically studied in reference to its origins and continued practice in Indigenous and mestizo communities of southern Peru and Bolivia, Cornejo-Purán instead focuses on the instrument’s adoption and adaptation in Chile in the 20th century. Noting that the instrument had no presence in rural or traditional musical practices in Chile historically, the author

558 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 ity of sikuri performance in the 1980s and 1990s, in the midst of Peru’s armed internal confl ict, and the ideological struggles over Marxism, folklore, and Andean identity that roiled many ensembles, especially university student groups. The fi nal portion of the book discusses current trends in sikuri performance since 2000, noting changes in gender participation as well as the spread of urban sikuri traditions to other parts of Latin America, including Colombia, Chile, and Argentina. VENEZUELA

2101 Hudde, Hermann. Ricardo Lorenz: a post-colonial/modern Latin(o) American composer. (Curr. Musicol., 103, Fall 2018, p. 97–120, bibl.) An overview of the life, selected music, and writings of contemporary Vene-

zuelan composer Ricardo Lorenz. The author, himself a Venezuelan American musicologist and composer, frames his discussion of Lorenz in reference to theoretical writings on decolonization from Latin America as well as Lorenz’s own take on Fernando Ortiz’s concept of transculturation. In addition to discussion of debates over the Western art music canon and the place of Latin American composers within it, the article provides biographical information on Lorenz, including his long association with the Latin American Music Center at Indiana University, the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, and as a professor at Michigan State University. A fi nal section analyzes how Lorenz puts ideas about transculturation into his music, including short analyses of his compositions Mambozart (1995), Pataruco: Concerto for Maracas and Orchestra (1999), and Rumba Sinfónica (2007).

SOUTHERN CONE ARGENTINA

2102 Fiorillo, Juan Carlos. Las grandes letras del folklore: historial de la canción folklórica: historias, autores y canciones. v. 1. Buenos Aires: Daniel Ochoa Editor, 2015. 1 v. An anthology of Argentine folk song texts. Compiled and annotated by Argentine folklorist, poet, and journalist Juan Carlos Fiorillo, this fi rst volume includes more than 100 songs. In addition to lyrics, each song text is accompanied by information on the composer and/or lyricist, recording history, and the author’s editorial commentary. Among the many zambas, chacareras, and other primarily northwestern Argentine folkloric genres are several well-known songs popular throughout Latin America, including Atahualpa Yupanqui’s “Luna tucumana,” Horacio Guarany’s “Si se calla el cantor,” and more. [J. Ritter] 2103 Fiorillo, Juan Carlos. Las grandes letras del folklore: historial de la canción folklórica: historias, autores y

canciones. v. 2. Buenos Aires: Daniel Ochoa Editor, 2015. 1 v. A second volume of the author’s anthology of Argentine folk song texts. See the entry for the fi rst volume (item 2102) for a description of the anthology. [J. Ritter] CHILE

2104 Cornejo-Purán, Marcelo. Citandino: las rutas del charango en Chile. Chile: Editorial Cuarto Propio, 2016. 214 p.: bibl., ill. (some color). An important addition to the growing literature on the Andean charango (see also the edited volume reviewed in item 1953). Typically studied in reference to its origins and continued practice in Indigenous and mestizo communities of southern Peru and Bolivia, Cornejo-Purán instead focuses on the instrument’s adoption and adaptation in Chile in the 20th century. Noting that the instrument had no presence in rural or traditional musical practices in Chile historically, the author

Music: Brazil / 559 traces its arrival to the country through urban folklore scenes during the mid-20th century, and then its explosion in popularity as part of the Nueva Canción movement a decade later. The book’s most novel and important contributions are the chapters that follow, which cover the instrument’s history during the Pinochet dictatorship, including the exile of many musicians, and

the diversification of musical styles and instrumental techniques developed from the 1990s to the present. The latter half of the book consists of transcriptions of interviews with prominent Chilean charango players, including several internationally famous and influential musicians (Horacio Durán, Freddy Torrealba, and more). [J. Ritter]

BRAZIL ROGÉRIO BUDASZ , Professor of Music, University of California, Riverside

DURING THE FIRST TWO YEARS of his term, President Jair Bolsonaro enacted a series of austerity measures that included cuts in federal grants, disproportionately targeting the humanities. He also discontinued successful programs of the former Ministry of Culture, while downgrading it into a Secretaria Especial da Cultura, a disempowered division of the Ministry of Citizenship. In this context, institutional attempts at supporting the performing arts were marred by controversy. In early 2020, Roberto Alvim, the secretary of culture, launched the National Arts Award, which would offer substantial prizes for opera and theater productions. During a nationally televised speech, Wagner’s Prelude to Lohengrin playing in the background, Alvim talked about fostering a Brazilian culture that would be “heroic and national,” paraphrasing entire lines from a letter that Joseph Goebbels addressed to German theater producers in 1933. Dante Mantovani, director for a short time of the National Foundation for the Arts (Funarte) and Alvim’s subordinate, gained notoriety through a number of bizarre statements, such as suggesting that rock promoted drugs, abortions, satanism, and communism. In addition to disparaging actions at the highest administrative levels, the COVID-19 pandemic, which President Bolsonaro dismissed as a small flu before getting infected himself, resulted in more than 500,000 deaths in Brazil up to this writing. Archives and libraries remain closed, entire graduate programs have been frozen, and countless initiatives, related not only to music research, but to performance itself, have been cancelled or postponed—from bailes funk to São João festivals, concerts of the Orquestra Sinfônica do Estado de São Paulo and Orquestra Sinfônica Brasileira, and even Rio’s famous carnaval. Within the constraints of the pandemic, artists explore the possibilities of online broadcasting and virtual performances, while graduate programs and individual scholars continue to engage in meaningful topics, using alternative venues for research and publication. Graduate programs around the country compete for the waning support from CAPES and CNPq, still the most important federal sources to fund students and research in the country. A larger share of the pie goes to the highest-ranked programs, according to an annual assessment conducted by CAPES, which relies significantly on quantitative measurements, such as impact factor of scholarly publications. A positive assessment is essential for individual researchers also, as they

Music: Brazil / 559 traces its arrival to the country through urban folklore scenes during the mid-20th century, and then its explosion in popularity as part of the Nueva Canción movement a decade later. The book’s most novel and important contributions are the chapters that follow, which cover the instrument’s history during the Pinochet dictatorship, including the exile of many musicians, and

the diversification of musical styles and instrumental techniques developed from the 1990s to the present. The latter half of the book consists of transcriptions of interviews with prominent Chilean charango players, including several internationally famous and influential musicians (Horacio Durán, Freddy Torrealba, and more). [J. Ritter]

BRAZIL ROGÉRIO BUDASZ , Professor of Music, University of California, Riverside

DURING THE FIRST TWO YEARS of his term, President Jair Bolsonaro enacted a series of austerity measures that included cuts in federal grants, disproportionately targeting the humanities. He also discontinued successful programs of the former Ministry of Culture, while downgrading it into a Secretaria Especial da Cultura, a disempowered division of the Ministry of Citizenship. In this context, institutional attempts at supporting the performing arts were marred by controversy. In early 2020, Roberto Alvim, the secretary of culture, launched the National Arts Award, which would offer substantial prizes for opera and theater productions. During a nationally televised speech, Wagner’s Prelude to Lohengrin playing in the background, Alvim talked about fostering a Brazilian culture that would be “heroic and national,” paraphrasing entire lines from a letter that Joseph Goebbels addressed to German theater producers in 1933. Dante Mantovani, director for a short time of the National Foundation for the Arts (Funarte) and Alvim’s subordinate, gained notoriety through a number of bizarre statements, such as suggesting that rock promoted drugs, abortions, satanism, and communism. In addition to disparaging actions at the highest administrative levels, the COVID-19 pandemic, which President Bolsonaro dismissed as a small flu before getting infected himself, resulted in more than 500,000 deaths in Brazil up to this writing. Archives and libraries remain closed, entire graduate programs have been frozen, and countless initiatives, related not only to music research, but to performance itself, have been cancelled or postponed—from bailes funk to São João festivals, concerts of the Orquestra Sinfônica do Estado de São Paulo and Orquestra Sinfônica Brasileira, and even Rio’s famous carnaval. Within the constraints of the pandemic, artists explore the possibilities of online broadcasting and virtual performances, while graduate programs and individual scholars continue to engage in meaningful topics, using alternative venues for research and publication. Graduate programs around the country compete for the waning support from CAPES and CNPq, still the most important federal sources to fund students and research in the country. A larger share of the pie goes to the highest-ranked programs, according to an annual assessment conducted by CAPES, which relies significantly on quantitative measurements, such as impact factor of scholarly publications. A positive assessment is essential for individual researchers also, as they

560 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76

compete for grants at the federal and state levels, which partly explains the importance of publishing in the journals that CAPES ranks more favorably, such as Musica Hodie, Opus, Per Musi, Revista Brasileira de Música, and Revista Música. These multidisciplinary journals publish research articles on music education, ethnomusicology, historical musicology, popular music studies, sound studies, composition, analysis, theory, and other music subareas. For the past years, CAPES has been issuing directives to boost the visibility and relevance of Brazilian research, recommending that local journals publish more articles in English and Spanish, and engaging more meaningfully in international collaboration. For this cycle, I annotated works mostly published between 2017 and 2020. I also included a small number of publications from 2014 to 2016, which I overlooked or was not able to access when preparing the past cycle’s review. The selection of scholarly articles continues to be stringent, and the number of journalistic biographies selected for this cycle has been further reduced. Gender and body studies, critical race theory, decolonizing methods, and reassessments of canonic narratives have been defi nitely and organically incorporated in music research originating in Brazil. One notable absence in this cycle is the critical study of sertanejo, which is, along with funk, one of the most successful musical genres in Brazil, if one measures success by the daily number of Spotify and YouTube streams. Publications on the music of Amazonia include an anthropological and historical account of the boi de Parintins festival (item 2130), a special number of Música em Contexto (item 2176) mostly covering urban popular music and an interesting article on carimbó in Belém during the 19th century (item 2192), illuminating the urban origins of this dance commonly associated with riverine communities. Ethnomusicologists and anthropologists published articles examining the music of Indigenous populations, not only in Amazonia, but across the Brazilian territory. These include studies on a Ka’apor shamanic musical ritual (item 2125) and the Krahô corn festival (item 2164), both in the Northeast. The Arawak populations of northeastern Amazonia are the focus of articles on the reification of “foreign” musical instruments, like the electric guitar, into the Yepá-mahsã cosmology (item 2199), music, instruments, and the sociopolitical uses of dabucuri rituals among the Baré and Werekena communities (item 2131), and the Kuwai sacred rituals in northern Roraima (item 2201). Working with the Karajá and Enawenê-nawê of the Xingu Park, and the Suruí of Rondônia, a team of French anthropologists discuss the making and uses of their self-ethnographic fi lms (item 2177), while Ana Lúcia Ferraz (item 2145) discusses how the MbyáGuarani deploy their bodies in their dances to manifest alterity according to the different spaces, social contexts, and people with whom they interact. While not specifically on Indigenous music, the article by Sílvio dos Santos analyzes the text and context of one of Marlos Nobre’s most affecting compositions in an examination of the use of avant-garde idioms to raise awareness of the Yanomami cause (item 2190). Scholars focusing on the Northeast region discuss resistance in the carnaval in Pernambuco and Bahia (item 2171), women in samba de roda and rap (items 2117, 2153, and 2182), and women in bandas de pífano and cantoria (items 2189 and 2200). Delving further inland, Michael Silvers produced an innovative, ecomusicological perspective on forró in the context of the sertão arid landscape (item 2194), and more to the south, Andrew Snyder wrote a stimulating

Music: Brazil / 561

article on the role of fanfarras (small brass bands) in political protest during Rio’s 2016 Summer Olympics (item 2195). The music of Afro-Brazilian religious and secular traditions continues to invite a variety of approaches. Three new books examine capoeira as a performative art (item 2158), empowering practice (item 2167), and a tradition shaped by discordant views of labor, leisure, and idleness during around the time of abolition (item 2188), and these works were nicely complemented by a comprehensive reader (item 2127). Popular Catholicism, often mediated through Afro-Brazilian practices, received attention from historians, sociologists, and ethnomusicologists (items 2106, 2135, 2185, and 2200). A broad range of works on Afro-Brazilian religions include a comprehensive study on umbanda, jurema, and candomblé in Paraíba (item 2165), a piece by Ayodeji Ogunnaike, revisiting the concept of the mask as deployed by candomblé scholars (item 2178), a study by Nina Graeff, expanding the implications of candomblé as embodied knowledge (item 2155), and a moving article by Juan Diego Díaz, about a visit to Bahia of Ghanaian master drummer Eric Odarkwei Morton, a descendant of Afro-Brazilian returnees and his surprising interactions with candomblé practitioners (item 2137). I also include here the second, revised edition of Kazadi wa Mukuna’s essential study on the boi festival of Maranhão (item 2172) and an article on the uses of music in Santo Daime outside Brazil (item 2163). Social scientists discuss the role of rap, hip hop, and funk ostentação (items 2121, 2157, and 2193) in the formation of Black subjectivities on the outskirts of Brazil’s largest metropolis. Funk also inspired a provocative essay on gender performativity (item 2160). Gender is also the focus of additional articles (item 2154, 2173, and 2189) and an informative reader on music and social sciences organized by Dmitri Cerboncini Fernandes and Carlos Sandroni (item 2175) covers a number of additional genres. Studies on technologies of communication and remote interaction gained momentum in 2020, but the texts selected here demonstrate that a scholarly trend in this area was already taking shape when the pandemic hit. These works explore the role of technology in mediating social interactions through music, promoting both the renovation of established methods and the development of new ones (items 2153 and 2173). Although transnational encounters now take place mostly through remote access technologies, there were a few substantial works on Brazilian music and musicians abroad, involving the impact of immigrant communities on local music-making and the circulation of individual artists, as well as the effects of those interactions in the motherland (items 2126, 2143, 2146, 2155, and 2174). Brazilian music also served as a case study on copyright in an international monograph on music and mobility (item 2147). A special number of Revista Brasileira de Música includes a dossier of recent research on music in fi lm (item 2183), while music specifically in Cinema Novo was the topic of two additional articles (items 2107 and 2119). Historical approaches to Brazilian music were varied during this cycle. Beginning with recent history, the popular music of the 1960s and 70s, namely bossa nova, tropicália, and clube da esquina, has been scrutinized in biographies and works of music analysis and criticism (items 2138, 2148, 2156, and 2169). Works discussing more political issues during the authoritarian regime use literature (item 1503) and sound archives (item 2118) as primary sources or concentrate on the agency of composers and musicologists before and during the Cold War, with

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an emphasis on Heitor Villa-Lobos (items 2107, 2111, 2139, 2140, 2185, and 2187) Cláudio Santoro (items 2140 and 2185), and Francisco Curt Lange (items 2124 and 2149). There are also assessments of early studies on the traditional music of São Paulo state (item 2111), and popular music in Rio during the 20th century, up to the 1970s (items 2116, 2144, 2146, 2166, and 2198), some of them addressing the “Good Neighbor” policy and Cold War interactions with the US (item 2118), in addition to a number of innovative studies on choro (items 2126, 2168, 2180, and 2181). The transatlantic collaborations between Portuguese and Brazilian musicologists, with their common goals and overlapping sources, were the topic of an international conference, covering five centuries of musical interactions (item 2141). Significant studies on music of the colonial and monarchic periods published in the past four years focus on guitar cultures (items 2108 and 2110), musical iconography (items 2136 and 2159), musical theater (items 2123, 2128, 2133, and 2134), and the European gaze (item 2162). With the increasing interest in decolonizing methodologies (item 2197) and a reassessment of methods, narratives, and, indeed, the relevance of historical musicology, ANPPOM, the Brazilian Association of Music Research published a volume (item 2129) on these topics.

2105 Abreu, Martha. Da senzala ao palco: canções escravas e racismo nas Américas, 1870–1930. Campinas, Brazil: Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Editora, 2017. 1 online resource (376 p.). A groundbreaking study of racial representation in the music of Brazil and the US during the postemancipation period and early years of recording industry. Rather than the actual music of enslaved individuals (see HLAS 68:3032, 3052, and HLAS 70:2609), the book deals instead with the development of musical topoi associated with Black slavery and the establishment of a musical corpus inspired by or aimed at representing Blackness within structures of music production that were inherently racist, such as music printing, theater, and music recording. In her comparative examination of these processes, Abreu highlights the agency of Black artists in subverting those structures (most notably Henrique Alves de Mesquita, Eduardo das Neves, and Bert Williams) and discusses a number of striking analogies in the music and musical thinking of both countries, from the “Black dances” of Gottschalk and Carlos Gomes to piano renditions of maxixes and cakewalks and racist representations of Blackness in sheet music’s cover images. Of a more critical nature are the discussions involving the tropes of Uncle Tom and Pai João and their respective musical and theatrical renditions. The

book fi nishes with a thoughtful counterpoint between Du Bois and Coelho Netto about role of Black music in the national cultures of the US and Brazil. This book was released in digital format only and contains a generous number of audio examples and illustrations. Reviewed in Esclavages & Postesclavages, 4, (2021); Tempo, 25:1, (2019).

2106 Afro-Catholic festivals in the Americas: performance, representation, and the making of Black Atlantic tradition. Edited by Cécile Fromont. University Park: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2019. 203 p., 8 unnumbered pages of plates: bibl., ill., index. (Africana religions) Following a trend initiated by Thornton, Heywood, Slenes, Souza, Reily, among others, this collection of essays asserts that Catholicism has been shaped also in Africa and the African diaspora, and not simply imposed as a mechanism of domination or used as a syncretic disguise for persecuted African religions. In the fi rst and second parts of the book, J. Dewulf, K. Dawson, M. A. Valerio, J. F. Furtado and L. Voigt examine how combat reenactments involving Christians against other religious groups— sangamentos in New Orleans and Mexico, congados in Brazil, and an aquatic version of the Reconquista skirmishes between Muslims and Christians in Pernambuco—drew material from African sources and played a

Music: Brazil / 563 role in creating local identities and allowing space for agency, not without generating essentialist representations. In the third part, C. Fromont and D. Stewart reevaluate European sources and representations of African culture in Brazil and Trinidad. M. Iyanaga closes the book with a more comprehensive look at a number of sonic cultural practices in the Americas that resonate among themselves and with diverse cultures in the African continent in order to de-essentialize some hegemonic West African-centered discourses. With the exception of the last text, all the chapters were originally presented at a 2015 conference at Yale University. Reviewed in Journal of African History, Vol. 61, No. 1 (2020).

2107 Alvim, Luíza. Villa-Lobos, identidade nacional e história no Cinema Novo: uma análise a partir de Deus e o diabo na terra do sol. (Rev. Bras. Música/Rio de Janeiro, 32:2, julho/dez. 2019, p. 307–331, bibl.) Discusses the use of Villa-Lobos’ music almost immediately after his death as an “allegory of the homeland,” in Cinema Novo productions. The author analyzes music in the fi lms Deus e o diabo na terra do sol, by Glauber Rocha (1964), O desafio, by Paulo César Saraceni (1965), Terra em transe, by Glauber Rocha (1967), and Os herdeiros, by Carlos Diegues (1968–1970). According to the author, the aim of these interventions was to generate a sonic representation of the “Brazilian people,” which resonates with the composer’s own ideological and esthetic project. 2108 Amorim, Humberto. Melchior Cortez: um precursor do violão de concerto no Rio de Janeiro. (Resonancias/ Santiago, 22:43, julio/nov. 2018, p. 13–42, bibl., ill.) This informative article traces the musical activities of the classical guitarist Melchior Cortez (1882–1947) in Rio de Janeiro between the early 1900s and 1935. Cortez was born in Portugal and moved to Rio when he was nine years old. Amorim discusses some possible reasons for Cortez’s disappearance from the collective memory about the guitar in Brazil. 2109 Amorim, Humberto. Música e teatro de encômio na corte de D. João VI (1808–1821): um palco para louvar, divertir

e instruir. (Música Hodie, 17:2, 2017, p. 189–204) In this article, Amorim examines the production and staging of musical panegyrics in the Portuguese court of Dom João VI in Rio de Janeiro (1808–21). The article’s main primary sources are newspapers articles and ads from Rio and Bahia, which also refer to events that took place in other regions of the country. The author considers the applicability of Ivan Teixeira’s concept of allegorical encomium when discussing the symbolism, functions, venues, and practicalities of these musical plays and comparing them with other forms of theater of the period.

2110 Amorim, Humberto. Pedro Nolasco Baptista: traços biográficos e atividades musicais em Pernambuco (1832–1865). (Orfeu/Florianópolis, 3:1, julho 2018, p. 230–256) This biographical sketch traces the active career of Pedro Nolasco Baptista, an ophicleidist, flutist, guitarist, composer, and orchestra director active in Pernambuco and Rio de Janeiro during the mid-19th century. 2111 Andrade, Mário de. Jazz rural: Mário de Andrade e os sons do interior paulista. Organização de Enrique Menezes. São Paulo: Hedra, 2020. 140 p.: bibl., ill. Jazz rural contains two texts by Mário de Andrade on paraliturgical festivals in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, the “Dança de Santa Cruz” in Carapicuíba (1933) and “Moçambique” in Santa Isabel (1935). The book provides a code that allows access to five recordings that were made between 1937 and 1942 (alternating with original compositions by Enrique Menezes and his group). Andrade’s essays are accompanied by three texts by Biancamaria Binazzi, Enrique Menezes, and Carlos Pires, providing an introduction to Andrade’s chapters (Menezes), a discussion of the ideological and political background behind the creation and activities of the Department of Culture, of which Andrade was the fi rst director (Pires and Menezes), and contextual information on the recordings presented here and the work of Andrade’s disciple, Oneyda Alvarenga, at the Discoteca Municipal (Binazzi and Menezes). Most of the book’s material is

564 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 currently available at the project’s website at http://www.jazzrural.com/.

Santo Daime diaspora. For the complete annotation, see item 2163.

2112 Arcanjo, Loque. Heitor Villa-Lobos e a “Embaixada Artística Brasileira” na Argentina (1940). (Rev. Música, 20:1, julho 2020, p. 121–150, bibl.) This article discusses the significance of Villa-Lobos’ 1940 trip to Argentina as the head of a “Brazilian musical embassy.” Arcanjo examines how the composer’s musical narratives became useful for the type of cultural diplomacy attempted by Vargas during World War II and the beginnings of the PanAmerican movement. By focusing on the role of musical criticism, newspaper texts, and listeners’ impressions in the construction of meaning, the author’s goal is to deconstruct a tendency to create what he calls a “reductionist image” of Villa-Lobos, emphasizing his political and bureaucratic role as a instrument of the state, while downplaying his esthetic and cultural impact.

2115 Atas do Congresso Internacional “Musicologia transatlântica: um momento para reflexão.” Coordenação por Alejandro Reyes Lucero e David Cranmer. Lisboa: Caravelas—Núcleo de Estudos da História da Música Luso-Brasileira: Centro de Estudos de Sociologia e Estética Musical (CESEM), FCSH-Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2018. 355 p.: bibl., ill., music. Proceedings of the international conference “Transatlantic Musicology: A Moment for Reflection,” which took place in Lisbon, 2018. This is a generous compilation of texts dealing with a wide array of aspects within the Luso-Brazilian cultural continuum and exchanges with Africa and Spanish America.

2113 ArtCultura. Vol. 22, No. 40, jan./ junho 2020, Minidossiê: cenas musicais alternativas. Organização de Adalberto Paranhos. Uberlândia, Brazil: Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Departamento de História, Núcleo de Estudos em História Social da Arte e da Cultura. Special number of an interdisciplinary journal published by the Federal University of Uberlândia focusing on alternative musical scenes in the Northeast and São Paulo. Hermano C. Medeiros describes a 1973 tropicalist show in Teresina that prompted a revolution in the popular song of Piauí. Esdras C.L. Oliveira discusses the symbolism of the mangrove and mud in the literature and visual arts of Pernambuco since the 17th century and its transformations by Chico Science and the manguebeat movement. José A. Fenerick writes about the role of humor in the cultural and political critiques of two key bands of the early 1980s Vanguarda Paulista—Língua de Trapo and Premeditando o Breque. 2114 Assis, Glauber Loures de; Beatriz Caiuby Labate; and Clancy Cavnar. Música, tradução e linguagem na diáspora do Santo Daime. (Rev. Antropol./São Paulo, 60:1, abril 2017, p. 165–192) Portuguese version of Labate et al. A religious battle: musical dimensions of the

2116 Baltar, Marcos et al. Oficina da canção: do maxixe ao samba-canção: a primeira metade do século XX. Curitiba, Brazil: Appris Editora, 2019. 242 p.: bibl., ill., music. (Coleção Linguagem e literatura) This is a collaborative project focusing on an analysis of 10 Brazilian popular songs: “Gaúcho” (Corta-jaca), “Carinhoso,” “Feitiço da Vila,” “As Rosas não falam,” “Folhas secas,” “Aquarela do Brasil,” “O mar,” “Asa branca,” “Felicidade,” and “A noite do meu bem.” Each chapter contains a brief biography of the composer and notes on impactful works, followed by the analysis of one specific song. The analytical part begins with a short historical contextualization and a description of a selected recording, usually the original, focusing on a number of aspects, from instrumentation to discursive attitudes and motives and how they relate to the music. This is followed by a more schematic description, verse by verse, in which the discursive elements are contextualized in terms of harmonic progressions, cadences, and melodic gestures. Less scholarly than pedagogical, the book attempts to bring together linguistics and music theory. 2117 As bambas do samba: mulher e poder na roda. Organização de Marilda Santanna. Salvador, Brazil: Edufba, 2016. 227 p.: bibl., ill. The three sections of this book highlight the centrality and agency of women in

Music: Brazil / 565 the development of samba in the Recôncavo Baiano, Rio de Janeiro, and at their place at the crossroads of transnational cultural flows and new forms of expression. This work sheds a new light on old topics of national identity and cultural resistance by showing how women sambistas and sambadoras had to push hard against strongly patriarchal cultural structures. Chapters by Katharina Doring, Carmélia Miranda, Clécia Queiroz, Juliana Ribeiro, Fabiana Cozza, Marilda Santanna, Tânia da Costa Garcia, Regina Machado, and Claudia Sisan.

2118 Binazzi, Biancamaria. Arquivos sonoros em tempos de guerra: a troca de discos entre Discoteca Pública Municipal de São Paulo e Archive of American Folk Song da Biblioteca do Congresso. (Rev. Música, 20:1, julho 2020, p. 329–356, bibl.) This article examines the politics, tensions, and discourses behind the exchange of traditional music recordings between the Discoteca Pública Municipal de São Paulo, under the direction of Mário de Andrade and Oneyda Alvarenga, and the Library of Congress Archive of American Folk Song (now called the Archive of Folk Culture), directed by Alan Lomax and Harold Spivacke. The author sees the need for further studies on these recordings and their “music, voices, authors, instruments, contexts, subjects, intentions, noises, and silences.” 2119 Bonetti, Lucas Zangirolami. A trilha musical de Moacir Santos para Os Fuzis no contexto das produções do Cinema Novo e a predominância do silêncio narrativo. (Música Hodie, 20, 2020, p. 1–30) Bonetti discusses Moacir Santos’ soundtrack for Ruy Guerra’s 1964 movie Os Fuzis (The Guns) a landmark of Cinema Novo. The article provides a contextual review of 1960s fi lm music production in Brazil, followed by an analysis of Santos’ main composition for this movie, additional, diegetic interventions (mostly cantorias and benditos), and the functional and structural role of silence in the movie. 2120 Borge, Jason. Tropical riffs: Latin America and the politics of jazz. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2018. 266 p.: bibl., index. This is an informative and perceptive study on the reception of jazz in Latin

America, the key role of Latin American artists in the development of jazz in the US, and their ultimate sidelining as Latin jazz in the US market (and its liberation everywhere else). Borge shows how the arrival of US jazz and its influence on local music-making stimulated already existing discussions on race, nation, and US imperialism among Latin American intellectuals and artists (some of whom were also influential intellectuals). The author selects three case studies, Argentina, Brazil, and Cuba, carefully examining the different contexts and outcomes. A number of Brazilian intellectuals perceived Blackness not as authentic in jazz (as it is in samba), because the music arrived in the country mostly through movies and recordings of white musicians (from Paul Whiteman to Stan Getz), in which representations of Blackness were viewed as grotesque and caricatural, or just another strategy of imperialist domination. In Argentina, discussions of race and cultural authenticity presented jazz as a menace to or a liberating force from tango—itself an AfricanCaribbean-European-Porteño art form. As for Cuban jazz musicians, they represented a threat to both Castro’s revolutionary ideals and US mainstream jazz. Reviewed in Journal of Popular Music Studies 31: 3, 2019; The Americas 76: 4, October 2019; and National Identities 22: 2, 2020. Winner of the 2019 Robert M. Stevenson award of the American Musicological Society.

2121 Brás, João Marcelo. Funk ostentação: SP-ZN. Curitiba, Brazil: Appris Editora, 2018. 143 p.: bibl. (Ciências da comunicação) For the Brazilian youth living in the metropolitan peripheries, funk ostentação provides access to a repertory of signs of power and status, mediated through technology, cosmopolitan exchanges, and the incorporation of upper-class symbols of consumption. This study focuses on the communities of Freguesia do Ó and Brasilândia in São Paulo. Based on material collected in three ethnographic incursions, the author contends that these young agents’ musical practices are a key aspect of their cultural tactics to negotiate with and challenge the hegemonic culture, enabling them to earn recognition and legitimation in a universe that ranges from localized street par-

566 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 ties (fluxo) to global connections through YouTube video productions.

2122 Brasil, Anderson. Música e periferia: o sonho e o real em um mundo negro chamado Bahia. Curitiba, Brazil: Appris Editora, 2019. 191 p.: ill. (some color). An outgrowth of the author’s doctoral thesis in music education, this study examines the professionalization of young musicians in the context of a community music project in the periphery of Salvador, Bahia. Proposing a counter-hegemonic epistemology based on orality, ancestral knowledge, and communal life, the author focuses on a berimbau group created within the scope of the project. Discusses the process of social legitimation of these musicians as vulnerable subjects in a context of urban violence, racism, and lack of resources. 2123 Budasz, Rogério. Opera in the tropics: music and theater in early modern Brazil. New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, 2019. 476 p.: bibl., ill., index, maps, music. (Currents in Latin American and Iberian music) With this work, Budasz offers a wellresearched analysis of musical theater in Brazil from the mid 1500s to the early 1820s. The work explores the actors, composers, and singers that performed Jesuit moral plays, Spanish comedies, and Portuguese vernacular operas, as well as Italian operas, after Brazil became independent from Portuguese colonial rule in 1822. The author analyzes the ways that theater and music was used for ideological purposes, often concealing the horrors of a slave culture, but also as a tool for revolutionary ideas. This is a must read and an important addition to the study of the confluence of music and theater in the Iberian world, specifically in the ways European practices were slowly being transmuted and adapted to the customs of a developing and mixed race nation. [I. Grevan] 2124 Buscacio, Cesar Maia and Virgínia Buarque. O “americanismo musical” de Curt Lange: por uma Bildung mestiça e tropical. (Rev. Bras. Música/Rio de Janeiro, 32:2, julho/dez. 2019, p. 233–265, bibl.) This article revisits and expands aspects of Buscacio’s 2009 book (see HLAS 74:2872) on the same subject. Authors trace

the ideological underpinnings of Lange’s americanismo musical as a product of the Germanic humanistic tradition of Bildung, or self-formation.

2125 Camarinha, Hugo Maximino. Transformações antropogênicas, mito, música e os coletivos xamanísticos Ka’apor: experimentações preliminares a caminho de uma etnomusicologia de multiespécies. (Anu. Antropol./Tempo, 45:3, set./dez, 2020, p. 64–84, bibl., ill., photos) In this article, the author proposes the basis for a multispecies ethnomusicology, informed by his ethnography of Ka’apor pajelança rituals, in which the interactions between humans and the trees of a forest, as well as their negotiations and transformations, are mediated through music (jyngarha = chant). 2126 Campos, Lúcia. Entre la roda de choro brésilienne et l’atelier: les enjeux de la transmission musicale transculturelle. (Cah. ethnomusicol., 29, 2016, p. 125–136, bibl., ill.) This is a case study on French choro practicians in the context of festivals in Paris and Toulouse in 2013. The author reflects on her own teaching from the perspective of applied ethnomusicology, discussing how the context of a roda de choro promotes a different dynamic of music learning, by stressing spontaneity and conviviality. 2127 Capoeira em múltiplos olhares: estudos e pesquisas em jogo. Organização de Antônio Liberac Cardodo Simões Pires et al. Belo Horizonte, Brazil: Fino Traço, 2020. 665 p.: appendices, bibl., ill. (Estudos África Brasil) (Coleção UNIAFRO) This interdisciplinary reader on capoeira is the most comprehensive publication currently available on the subject. Now in its second edition, this publication is an outgrowth of the First International Congress of Capoeira, which took place in Cachoeira, Recôncavo Baiano, in 2013, with the participation of humanities researchers and capoeira masters. Its 34 chapters are divided in five sections (1) education, (2) histories, (3) identity, tradition, and globalization, (4) media, genre, and the arts, and (5) public policies. Among many noteworthy studies, Matthias Röhrig Assunção af-

Music: Brazil / 567 fi rms capoeira as a Creole art form, Flávia Diniz and Gabriella S. C. Santana discuss capoeira trance in its music and corporeal dimensions, Neuber L. Costa and Priscilla S. P. C. Moreira address the heritagization of capoeira, and Rosângela Costa de Araújo and Christine Nicole Zonzon highlight the agency of women in this cultural practice. Regional topics address capoeira in Porto Alegre, Amazonas, Salvador, Feira de Santana, and Paraná. The book closes with two beautiful appendices with artwork by Anderson Santos and a photo album.

2128 A Casa da Ópera de Vila Rica: Ouro Preto 1770–2020. Organização de Rosana Marreco Brescia. Belo Horizonte, Brazil: Idea Editora, 2020. 142 p.: bibl., ill. In commemoration of the 250 years of Ouro Preto’s Casa da Ópera, this beautifully illustrated volume includes texts by Rodrigo Bastos, Aline Gallasch-Hall de Beuvink, Rosana Marreco Brescia (who is also the organizer), Rogério Budasz, Rodrigo Teodoro de Paula, Cláudia Pereira, and Ângelo Oswaldo de Araújo Santos. Most chapters address the history, architecture, repertory, legislation, and artists who worked on this theater since its inauguration in 1770. Beuvink’s chapter focuses on opera houses in Lisbon in the mid-18th century. An essential work on theater in colonial Brazil. 2129 Castagna, Paulo. Raízes da crise no ensino de história da música: o caso de São Paulo. (in Perspectivas para a pesquisa e o ensino em história da música na contemporaneidade. Organização de Mónica Vermes e Marcos Holler. São Paulo: Anppom, 2019, p. 9–58) This well-researched chapter surveys 100 years of teaching the history of music in São Paulo’s schools and universities to explain why the discipline continues to perpetuate Eurocentric, evolutionist, and segregationist ideas, while remaining detached from the current needs and concerns of Brazilian society. The essay provides a very useful starting point for discussions on much-needed curricular changes. 2130 Cavalcanti, Maria Laura Viveiros de Castro. O ritual e a brincadeira: rivalidade e afeição no bumbá de Parintins, Amazonas. (Mana/Rio de Janeiro, 24:1, 2018, p. 9–38)

This is an original study on the ox festival of Parintins, informed by anthropological works by Turner, Bateson, Simmel, and others. Cavalcanti approaches the festival as a ritual and a game (brincadeira), in which two groups— Caprichoso and Garantido —compete every year to produce the “most beautiful performance in the arena.” The author explains that both groups openly and esthetically exacerbate their rivalries all year long, and it is through oppositional complementarities that social cohesion is achieved during the months of preparations and in the festival itself, as the ritual promotes experiences of being that are only possible through recognizing and being recognized by the other.

2131 Cohen, Líliam Cristina Barros. Música e sociabilidade no Alto Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brasil. (Trans (online), 20, 2016, p. 1–21, ill., map, tables) The author discusses musical practices of Baré and Werekena communities in São Gabriel da Cachoeira, northeastern Amazonas state, a region in which 23 ethnicities speaking different languages share a common cultural system. The study examines the symbolic and sociopolitical uses of the musical repertories and the sacred flutes Miriá Porã, as they relate to the symbolism and materiality of the “knowledge houses,” or Basá Wii (even though the houses themselves are no longer present in many Indigenous villages). Cohen also considers aspects of the dabucuri rituals, which allow intertribal exchanges of crafts, food, and the strengthening of existing alliances and the forging of new ones. The study also includes an analysis of the music and instruments of the dabucuri rituals and their role in the social and political life of the communities. 2132 Costa-Lima Neto, Luiz. Entre o lundu, a ária e a aleluia: música, teatro e história nas comédias de Luiz Carlos Martins Penna (1833–1846). Rio de Janeiro: Folha Seca, 2018. 414 p.: bibl., ill., index. The Portuguese version of Music, theater, and society in the comedies of Luiz Carlos Martins Penna (1833–1846). See item 2133 for full annotation. 2133 Costa-Lima Neto, Luiz. Music, theater, and society in the comedies of Luiz Carlos Martins Penna (1833–1846):

568 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 amidst the lundu, the aria, and the alleluia. Translated by Stephen Thomson Moore. Lanham, Md: Lexington Books, 2017. 319 p.: bibl., ill., index, maps, music. This is a much needed and very useful study of music in the comedies of Brazil’s foremost playwright Martins Pena (1815–48). The author delves deeply into the theatrical life of 1830–40s Rio de Janeiro to draw a lively picture of artists who worked with Martins Pena, the venues in which he staged his plays (and those he did not), and the music that he used or mentioned in his comedies. Costa-Lima is sensitive in extracting the meaning of Martins Pena’s musical choices as well as their sociocultural and racial unfoldings in Brazilian society of the time. Generous use of music examples and auxiliary material. Essential reading for scholars in Brazilian musical theater.

2134 Cymbron, Luísa. Francisco de Sá Noronha (1820–1881): um músico português no espaço Atlântico. Prefácio por Rui Viera Nery. Ribierão, Brazil: Húmus, 2019. 399 p.: bibl., ill., music. This excellent biography is the result of decades of investigation on a violinist, composer, and music director active in Portugal, Brazil, England, Cuba, and the US during the central decades of the 19th century. Cymbron explores a number of narratives—music training, immigration, travelling virtuosi, job market, women’s rights, music reception, musical theater, commercial music, national opera—each one providing a different lens to discuss Noronha’s life and musical activities. The book is notable also for emphasizing the role of Noronha’s wife, the Argentine writer Juana Manso, as a playwright in some of his productions and a pioneer of women’s rights. Opens several paths for new investigation and provides a refreshing model for this literary genre, particularly when focusing on multinational subjects. 2135 Dempsey, Genevieve E.V. Captains and priestesses in Afro-Brazilian congado and candomblé. (Ethnomusicology/ Champaign, 63:2, Summer 2019, p. 184–221) Examining the reshaping of gender roles in the candomblé religion and in congado groups, the author discusses how women successfully negotiate issues of

equality and female agency in these sacred spaces. Dempsey reasons that women transform gendered structures through “a lexicon of the everyday,” rather than through a feminist project of empowering marginalized identities. Opportunities for female enfranchisement within these apparently incompatible religious practices arise more in terms of a rhizome that allows creative agency to grow in both fields, than through binary oppositions or syncretic formations. Research was informed by two years of fieldwork with congado groups and in tendas de candomblé in Belo Horizonte and its environs, privileging female subjects who were active in both spaces.

2136 Diálogo musical. Organização de Márcio Leonel Farias Reis Páscoa. Manaus, Brazil: Editora UEA, 2019. 420 p.: ill. This eclectic compilation addresses music in relation to performance, perception, education, politics, gender, visual arts, cinema, and theater. Authors writing on Brazilian topics include Maria J.S.T. Passos, who discusses Afro-Brazilian musical instruments in paintings by Carybé, Tharine C. de Oliveira and Luciane V.B. Páscoa on gendered musical representations on a 1901 painting by Oscar Pereira da Silva, Edite Rocha on the “Lundum de Monroy,” Ana G.R. Souza on representations of Brazilianness in Villa-Lobos Choros no. 10, and Marcos C.L. Virmond on music and politics in the iconography of Brazilian sheet music from mid-19th to mid-20th century. 2137 Díaz, Juan Diego. The musical experience of diasporas: the return of a Ghanaian Tabom master drummer to Bahia. (Lat. Am. Music Rev., 41:2, Fall/Winter 2020, p. 131–166-101, bibl., ill., music) Master drummer Eric Odarkwei Morton is a Tabom, a descendant of AfroBrazilians who resettled in Ghana in the late 19th century. Díaz’s engaging narrative follows Morton on a trip to Bahia that confi rms the centrality of music in the African and Brazilian diasporic experiences, while showing the complexities of the diasporic condition in the Black Atlantic. Some of the most striking moments took place in tendas de candomblé, where musical and religious understanding was achieved in spite of

Music: Brazil / 569 linguistic and cultural barriers. This inspiring article may be appreciated in conjunction with the documentary Tabom in Bahia, which Díaz helped to produce and is available via YouTube with permission.

2138 Diniz, Sheyla Castro. Clube da esquina versus tropicalismo: confl itos simbólicos na MPB. (ArtCultura/Uberlândia, 20:37, julho/dez. 2018, p. 129–145, bibl.) The author sheds some light on a number of confl icts primarily fueled by music producers and journalists interested in the success of tropicalia during 1967–72. Diniz argues that these agents engaged in opportunistic, when not dishonest, tactics within the festivais da canção, thus preventing, albeit temporarily, Milton Nascimento and the nascent clube da esquina from emerging as a viable alternative to a politicized and modernized bossa nova. The author also discredits the postulate of a “cultural void” in Brazil during the early 1970s, when many artists were self-exiled in Europe, given the continued and active presence in the country of Milton Nascimento, Som Imaginário, Gal Costa, Os Novos Baianos, and others. 2139 Dudeque, Norton. The fugues in the Bachianas Brasileiras by Heitor VillaLobos: neoclassicism and the learned style. (Rev. Música, 18:1, 2018, p. 67–101, music) In this analytical essay, Norton Dudeque examines fugal procedures in VillaLobos’ Bachianas Brasileiras 1, 7, 8, and 9. The selected examples show a wide range of processes, from the informal, conversational approach inspired by the style of his fellow choro guitarist Sátiro Bilhar in the fi rst Bachiana, to more scholastic structures, with some use of polytonality in the last number of this series. Dudeque explains that Villa-Lobos’ reception of Bach was informed by 19th-century Romanticism, normative treatises by D’Indy and Gédalge, and 1920s objective neoclassicism, and that by adding Brazilian popular and traditional music to this paradoxical mix, the composer put forward an alternative, nationalist type of neoclassicism. 2140 Egg, André. Música de concerto no Brasil: o modernismo musical e suas circulações transatlânticas. (Rev. USP/São Paulo, 123, out./dez. 2019, p. 59–68)

Modernism in Brazilian music received a strong impulse after São Paulo’s 1922 Semana de Arte Moderna, and even before that, with the presence in Rio de Janeiro, of Rubinstein, Ansermet, and Milhaud. While Egg duly acknowledges these developments, the main focus of his article are the cultural and artistic exchanges promoted by the travels of Villa-Lobos, Camargo Guarnieri, Francisco Mignone, and Luiz Heitor Corrêa de Azevedo in the US and France, and, on a second wave, of Cláudio Santoro in France and Eastern Europe, as well as the mediation of H. J. Koellreutter in facilitating the circulation of Brazilian modernist works in Europe.

2141 Encontro de Musicologia Histórica, 11th, Juiz de Fora, Brazil, 2016. Anais: Do colonial à belle époque: contribuições para o conhecimento da musicologia luso-brasileira. Organização de Mayra Pereira e Luiz Guilherme Goldberg. Juiz de Fora, Brazil: Editora UFJF: Associação PróMúsica de Juiz de Fora, 2018. 222 p.: bibl., ill. This volume contains the six papers presented in roundtable sessions, plus nine additional papers read at the 11th conference on historical musicology organized in 2016 by the Pró-Música Association of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais. Roundtables discussed the state of the discipline in Brazil and Portugal (David Cranmer; Paulo Castagna), transatlantic circularity of music sources (Carlos A. Figueiredo; Lutero Rodrigues), and music in the belle époque (Alberto Pacheco; Manoel A.C. do Lago). Papers discuss a range of issues, including organology (Fernando Silveira; Márcia Taborda), pedagogy and performance (Patrícia M. Aguilar, Michele P.D. Meneses and Luiz G. Goldberg), archival sources (Fernando L.S. Duarte and Paulo Castagna; Suely C. Franco), topic theory (Eliel A. Soares and Diósnio M. Neto), and the musical press (Débora C. Pires; Amanda Oliveira and Luiz. G. Goldberg). 2142 Encontro de Musicologia Histórica, 12th, Juiz de Fora, Brazil, 2018. Anais: Identidades musicais brasileiras: da colônia à belle époque. Organização de Mayra Pereira e Luiz Guilherme Goldberg. Juiz de Fora, Brazil: UFJF/Pró-Música, 2020. 134 p.: bibl., ill.

570 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 These are the proceedings of the 12th conference of historical musicology organized by the Pró-Música Association of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais. With a similar title and range as its predecessor (see item 2141), this volume contains a selection of nine papers presented in roundtables and regular sessions. In his chapter, Lino A. Cardoso shows how the fi xation of the gentilic form brasileiro owes much to its previous uses in song and poetry. Alberto Pacheco discusses 19th-century Portuguese and Brazilian chamber recitatives in relation to melodrama (as the term is understood in musical, not spoken theater). Other papers discuss the reception of Carlos Gomes’ Il Guarany (Lutero Rodrigues), the orchestration of José Maurício Nunes Garcia’s Mass in B fl at (Sandro G. Matias and Edmundo Hora), a sociology of piano culture in 19th-century Rio de Janeiro (Fernando Binder), along with preliminary research reports on female composers of maxixes (Brenda P. Brugalli and Luiz G. Goldberg), gendered discourses in early 20th-century music criticism (Amanda Oliveira), a biographical reconstruction of composer Hermínio de Moraes (Marcele Meneses), and the convergence of a Catholic revival and nationalism on a 1925 compilation of religious songs in Bahia (Fernando L.S. Duarte).

2143 Fernandes, Ana Paula Alves. Cosmopolitisme musical: dynamiques plurielles dans les groupes de batucada en France. (Cah. ethnomusicol., 30, 2017, p. 155–174) This article presents the result of a three-year investigation among batucada groups in Portugal, Germany, and especially France, in most cases created and directed by non-Brazilians. Batucada is usually associated with the sonority and instruments of a bateria—the percussion section of a samba school—or the percussive accompaniment in other types of samba, or even other Afro-Brazilian contexts, like the afoxés and blocos afro of Bahia and the maracatus of Pernambuco. The article examines how these performative practices may allow for the reevaluation of certain stereotypical views of Brazil but, more importantly, provide spaces for the reconfiguration of relations of otherness among

Europeans. In this sense, with its emphasis on accessible percussion instruments and the bodily engagement of socially and racially diverse subjects, batucada is seen by its practitioners as part of the answer for the local “aim for a peaceful coexistence among people.”

2144 Fernandes, Dmitri Cerboncini. Sentinelas da tradição: a constituição da autenticidade no samba e no choro. São Paulo: Edusp, 2018. 533 p.: bibl., ill. This is an intellectual history of samba, with some insights on choro and pagode. Fernandes is interested in the construction of knowledge on samba, choro, and pagode during the fi rst half of the 20th century. He provides additional evidence of a theory already advanced by Vianna and others, that the concept of authenticity in samba was crafted primarily by journalists, producers, and intellectuals, and only later adopted by some of its practitioners, most notably Candeia. 2145 Ferraz, Ana Lúcia Marques Camarge. Jajeroky: corpo, dança e alteridade entre os Mbyá Guarani. (Rev. Antropol./São Paulo, 62:2, 2019, p. 350–381) This insightful article considers Mbyá-Guarani corporeal practices in relation to otherness in a variety of contexts, namely the house of prayer (opy), choral performances, xondaro dances, and bailes de forró. The author sees these places and events as stages, or arenas that provide opportunities for interaction with different “others,” which is intrinsic to the shamanic experience. Downplays the concepts of mestiçagem and acculturation, arguing that, rather than resulting in the pulverization of some authentic tradition, these corporeal practices affirm the centrality of the Mbyá subjects and the efficacy of their strategies of engaging with otherness. The article articulates these interactions and their positive effects in the Mbyá social body with those facilitated by soccer games between them and the Juruá (whites) and with other Indigenous groups. 2146 Fléchet, Anaïs. Madureira chorou. . . em Paris: a música popular brasileira na França do século XX. Tradução de Carlos Nougué. São Paulo: Edusp, 2017. 471 p.: bibl., ill., index.

Music: Brazil / 571 Portuguese translation of Si tu vas à Rio (see HLAS 70:2634), with a new introduction by Marcos Napolitano. Reviewed by Flávia Rejane Prando in Revista do Instituto de Estudos Brasileiros, 71, dez. 2018, p. 292–302.

2147 Fosler-Lussier, Danielle. Copyright, surveillance, and the ownership of music. (in Music on the move. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2020, p. 180–201) Exploring a wide array of musical scenes and different uses of music in the context of human migrations, the author of this open-access book zooms into Brazilian music when discussing the role of local artists and even government agencies, in “developing an alternative model for thinking about intellectual property.” 2148 Freeman, Peter. The music of Antônio Carlos Jobim. Bristol, UK and Chicago, Ill.: Intellect, 2019. 202 p.: bibl., music. Bridging music analysis and musicology with popular music studies, Freeman’s 2006 PhD dissertation, now revised and published in book format, is a comprehensive study on Jobim’s compositions and arrangements, extensively illustrated with musical examples. The book provides biographical data on musical background and influences, harmonic language, instrumentation and sonorities, rhythmic techniques, thematicism and structural design. 2149 Fugellie, Daniela. ¿El “embajador de Schoenberg” en Sudamérica?: Francisco Curt Lange como promotor de la música de vanguardia (1933–1953). (Lat. Am. Music Rev., 39:1, Spring/Summer 2018, p. 53–88) An autographed photo by Schoenberg, in which he calls Curt Lange his “ambassador” in South America, is the spark that ignites this narrative, which examines the role of the musicologist in promoting 20thcentury music. The author contextualizes Lange’s initiatives in contemporary music within his wider project of Americanismo musical, mainly through the Boletín Latino-Americano de Música and the Editorial Cooperativa Interamericana de Compositores. The author argues that Lange understood contemporary music as an international, or even extranational phenomenon.

2150 Giesbrecht, Erica. Baile para matar saudades—reflexões sobre o uso do vídeo numa experiência de recriação musical. (Rev. Antropol./São Paulo, 61:1, jan./abril 2018, p. 147–175, bibl.) This interesting study on applied ethnomusicology, partly inspired by research carried out by Kay Shelemay and Caroline Bithel, aims at recreating a 1950s dancing party organized by the Black community of Campinas, which was fi lmed and released as a feature documentary. Giesbrecht based her musical recreation of the balls on audio and visual sources and on the memories of her collaborators. This process also prompted affective memories to emerge, as these subjects “re-experienced” expressions of music and dance that are no longer available. 2151 Goldschmitt, K.E. Bossa mundo: Brazilian music in transnational media industries. New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, 2019. 245 p.: bibl., ill., index. (Currents in Latin American & Iberian music) Processes of transnational mediation are central to this investigation of Brazilian music in the Anglophone music industry and market during the 1960s-80s. The book delves into the formation of a Brazilian brand within a crowded transnational marketplace, crafted by both the priorities of Anglophone media and listeners and Brazil’s history of stereotyping its own culture and ethnicities. The last two chapters provide an effective update by examining the rebranding (or remixing) of bossa nova and MPB and, more recently, the highlighting of the musical diversity of the country and its key role in Afro-diasporic music. Essential reading for anyone interested in the mediation and reception of Brazilian music in the last 60 years. 2152 Goldschmitt, K.E. From Rio to São Paulo: shifting urban landscapes and global strategies for Brazilian music. (in Sounds and the city. Edited by Brett Lashua et al. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2019, p. 103–122) While the Rio-São Paulo axis is still the main power line that energizes Brazilian music industry, Rio’s relative importance has decreased considerably since the 1990s. This shift is even more marked in the universe of independent production, which is

572 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 the main focus of this chapter. Goldschmitt argues that the type of cosmopolitanism embraced by São Paulo’s producers and institutions, more connected to international fi nancial flows than Rio’s, have played a role in the pluralistic diversity of its musical scenes, with a strong impact on the country’s brand abroad.

2153 Gomes, Francimária Ribeiro. Do samba de roda ao rap: trânsitos musicais e marcadores sociais das diferenças em contextos de resistência de mulheres negras em Cachoeira/BA. (Orfeu/Florianópolis, 4:1, julho 2019, p. 49–81) Ground zero of samba de roda, the community of Cachoeira, on the Recôncavo Baiano, also has a dynamic rap and hip hop scene, as Francimária Gomes shows in this innovative study highlighting strategies of resistance among Black women musicians/ activists. From June 2015 to September 2016, the author interacted with rappers and samba de roda masters, witnessing how their everyday experiences were mediated through music and potentialized counterhegemonic discourses. The article is divided into four sections, covering the history and economy of the region, samba de roda in the context of the African diaspora, and two denser chapters on the musical activism of samba de roda masters Dona Dalva and Dona Mariinha and MC Jayne. 2154 Gomes, Rodrigo Cantos Savelli. O Grupo Chiquinha Gonzaga e a composição “Atraente”: narrativas biográficas. (Rev. Música, 19:1, julho 2019, p. 132–148) Examines the impact of the 1877 publication of Chiquinha Gonzaga’s polka Atraente and its role in the development of choro, from its inception as a solo piano piece to its recorded performances by Gonzaga’s choro group in the early 20th century. Demonstrates that Chiquinha Gonzaga’s legacy goes well beyond her recordings and compositions, as she became an empowering icon of women’s resistance, periodically reinforced by new research and cultural reification. 2155 Graeff, Nina. Singing by and with heart: embodying candomblé’s sensuous knowledge through songs and dances in Berlin. (Orfeu/Florianópolis, 3:2, dez. 2018, p. 44–71)

This is a fascinating and detailed study on mimetic learning in candomblé. The research is based on performative ethnographic work in Berlin and the environs of Salvador, Bahia from April 2013 to February 2015, but most of the notes and subjects in the article refer to fieldwork at Berlin’s tenda de candomblé Ilê Obá Sileké. The author describes and evaluates several of the steps or phases involved on performing the orixásas embodied experiences, mostly through the repetition of cantigas and dance movements, whose assimilation functions as a means to grasp what Merleau-Ponty conceptualized as the emotional essence of expressive forms. As Graeff concludes, “in candomblé, one doesn’t simply learn about [orixás], but feels their meaning within one’s own body.”

2156 Granato, Guilherme de Azevedo. Das vanguardas à tropicália: modernidade artística e música popular. Curitiba, Brazil: Appris Editora, 2018. 138 p.: bibl. This book places tropicália’s esthetic proposals in the context of early 20thcentury avant-garde movements in Europe, with their debates around tradition and modernity and their vision of the socially transformative power of art. Focuses mainly on the work and thoughts of Caetano Veloso and Hélio Oiticica. Outgrowth of the author’s MA thesis in esthetics and philosophy of art. 2157 O hip hop e as diásporas africanas na modernidade: uma discussão contemporânea sobre cultura e educação. Organização de Mônica do Amaral et al. São Paulo: Alameda, 2015. 308 p.: bibl., ill. The 12 essays in this collection provide a diversified look at scholarly approaches to diasporic forms of hip-hop and rap in Latin America. The book is divided into three sections: (1) the singularity and universality of hip hop and its potential for urban critique, (2) Afro-popular culture and forms of political resistance, and (3) orality, tradition, and education. Some issues and problems that cut transversally across these sections, among them education and citizenship (Márcia Leão and King Nino Brown), education and racism (Maria C. Cortez), educational reform (Mônica do Amaral), social critique and social change

Music: Brazil / 573 (Rodrigo Duarte, Martha Diaz, Lourdes Carril), diasporic atemporality (Halifu Osumaré, William Smith, Marcos F. Santos), and cultural and political dialetics (Christian Béthune, João B. J. Félix).

2158 Höfl ing, Ana Paula. Staging Brazil: choreographies of capoeira. Middletown, Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press, 2019. 225 p.: bibl., ill. This study questions discourses of tradition and authenticity in the two main branches of modern capoeira to reclaim the rightful place of staged, presentational initiatives in the development of this cultural practice. Discusses how capoeira practitioners successfully took advantage of the tourist boom in Bahia in the 1950s-70s and the recent environmental anxieties of the Global North, arguing that this dance-fight is “an embodied practice capable of staging Brazil as both modern and Afro-diasporic.” An essential reading for scholars in the area. 2159 Iconografi a musical na América Latina: discursos e narrativas entre olhares e escutas. Organização de Pablo Sotuyo Blanco. Salvador, Brazil: Edufba, 2019. 508 p.: bibl., ill. Published in electronic format and available online via the institutional repository of the Universidade Federal da Bahia, this substantial compendium includes studies on musical iconography in Latin America from the 1600s to the late 20th century. Subjects range from artwork remnants from Bahia’s fi rst cathedral (Belinda M.A. Alves) and Oscar Pereira’s depictions of music in upper-class residences in rural and urban settings of São Paulo in the early 1900s (Diósnio Machado Netto) to imagery of guitars and related instruments in Brazilian settings (Beatriz Magalhães-Castro). Spanish American topics include photographic records of early 20th-century popular music in Chile (Juan Pablo González), visual language of concert posters of “rock urbano” in Mexico (Alfredo Nieves Molina), and the refunctionalization of concert programs in performances of the group Les Luthiers in Argentina (Juliana Guerrero). 2160 Jacob, Elizabeth Motta and Rodolfo R. Viana de Paulo. Immund Poses: funk, photography, gender performativity

and dance in the construction of the contemporary photographic portrait. (Rev. Bras. Estud. Presença, 10:1, 2020, p. 1–39) This article comprises a photographic essay and a critical discussion on funk and its frictions with the culture of Brazilian elites, who both absorb and try to hygienize funk from the perceived abject or unclean traces that these elites associate with the funkeiros. Central to the discussion, the Latin concept of immundus comes to bear in this process as something that needs to be erased (that is, expurgated from the neatly organized mundus of the city), whether because of social status, race, gender identity, or body expression. Portraits of six Black young models from different areas of Rio de Janeiro, created in conjunction with this study, accompany the narrative and provide material for further discussion on how these “immund” gestures, languages, and behavior confront hegemonic powers.

2161 Jardim, Eduardo. Tudo em volta está deserto: encontros com a literatura e a música no tempo da ditadura. Rio de Janeiro: Bazar do Tempo, 2017. 125 p.: bibl., ill. Philosopher Eduardo Jardim reflects on the impact of literature and music in the life of Brazilian intellectuals during the military dictatorship. Three essays focus on distinct works that appeared at different moments of military rule, the novel Quarup, published by Antonio Callado one year before the AI-5, Gal Costa’s show “Gal a todo vapor” during the most repressive period, and the poetry of Ana Cristina Cesar right before the return of democracy. The title of the book refers to a line in Caetano Veloso’s song “2 e 2,” a veiled reference to political repression, featured twice in Gal Costa’s show. 2162 Kühl, Paulo Mugayar. The Prince of Harmony, his favorite disciple, and other geniuses: the diffusion of a “classical” repertory in early 19th century Rio de Janeiro. (in Joseph Haydn & die “Neue Welt”: Musik- und Kulturgeschichtliche Perspektiven. Herausgegeben von Walter Reichert und Wolfgang Fuhrmann. Vienna: Hollitzer, 2019, p. 99–112.) Examines the preface of Joachim Le Breton’s biography of Haydn (Rio de Janeiro,

574 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 1820), in light of recent research on the musical life in Rio at the time of its publication. Dissipates a number of myths in local music narratives and demonstrates the role of intellectuals in promoting ideas of German superiority in music, particularly over the Italian.

gardens, and the villages of all beings. More than objective ecological knowledge, these ritualized events and accompanying sensory experiences become an invitation to open up, learn, and be part of the growth process through a series of relationships and negotiations between human and nonhuman beings.

2163 Labate, Beatriz Caiuby; Glauber Loures de Assis; and Clancy Cavnar. A religious battle: musical dimensions of the Santo Daime diaspora. (in World Ayahuasca diaspora: reinventions and controversies. Edited by Beatriz Caiuby Labate, Clancy Cavnar, and Alex K. Gearin. London: New York: Routledge, 2017, p. 99–122, bibl.) Informative study on music and language in a Brazilian Ayahuasca religion. Santo Daime is examined in the context of the diaspora of Brazilian religions and cultural practices during the past four decades—capoeira, umbanda, and neoPentecostalism—with which it shares important features, most notably the central role of music. Authors discuss how music and dance influences the ritual use of the daime (ayahuasca) by “rebuilding notions of time and space,” functioning as a catalyst of spiritual ecstasy and transcendence and providing spiritual weapons against disruptive beings. An important part of the study explores the dynamics and confl icts around authenticity, translation, and musical specialization and professionalization in Brazilian and diasporic Santo Daime groups. Research was carried out by the authors at different periods and places between 1996 and 2016 in Brazil, Argentina, North America, and nine European countries. An essential study on the recent history of this cultural practice.

2165 Lima, Valdir. Cultos afro-paraibanos: jurema, umbanda e candomblé. Prefácio de Carlos André M. Cavalcanti. Rio de Janeiro: Fundamentos de Axé Editora, 2020. 190 p.: bibl., ill. This important study examines the Afro-Brazilian religions umbanda, candomblé, and jurema in the state of Paraíba, describing their history, current scenes, and administrative structure. Contains limited information on the sounds of rezas, pontos, corimas, and toques. Sections on jurema, a religion with roots in Indigenous beliefs and rituals involving the psychoactive substance mimosa hostilis (i.e., jurema) are complemented with ethnographic notes of three variants of jurema. Generously illustrated.

2164 Lima, Ana Gabriela Morim de; Creuza Prumkwyj Krahô; and Veronica Aldé. As festas do milho krahô: cantando sementes e semeando cantos. (Anu. Antropol./Tempo, 45:3, set./dez. 2020, p. 106–126, bibl.) In this collaborative work, Indigenous and non-Indigenous authors record and discuss chants, stories, dances, and games associated with the maize festival. The authors argue that these performances emphasize the interdependency of humans and nonhumans and the growth of people, plants,

2166 Logullo, Eduardo. Aracy de Almeida: não tem tradução. São Paulo: Veneta, 2014. 214 p.: bibl., ill. This quasi-biography of Aracy de Almeida consists of a patchwork of snapshots from a large array of sources, including interviews, newspaper chronicles, magazine articles, LP back covers and CD booklets, and various books on samba and MPB. A short introduction explains how this format makes sense in the context of Almeida’s career and personality. The book also contains a four-page timeline by Thierry Freitas. The nonspecialist just needs to open the book at any page to be amused. Scholars may fi nd new things about Aracy de Almeida, Noel Rosa, or any of the many musicians with whom she interacted during her eventful life. 2167 Marriage, Zoë. Cultural resistance and security from below: power and escape through capoeira. London: New York: Routledge,Taylor & Francis Group, 2020. 167 p.: bibl., index. (Routledge studies in development and society) The capoeira scholar and practitioner Zoë Marriage contends that this dance-fight is a “black discourse that recounts its own history, identity, and causative explana-

Music: Brazil / 575 tions.” Relying on both histories of capoeira and through capoeira (i.e., narratives of adversity and struggle that are passed through practice), the author demonstrates how capoeira, as embodied knowledge and expressive art form, complements or critiques contemporary tenets of security studies. Basic aspects of this practice and its story— marginalization, ginga, malícia, mandinga, and the apparent lack of a declared winner— are examined in the context of a continuous search for security and a fight against oppression, which nowadays include challenging cultural homogenization and the neoliberal surveillance state.

2168 Martins, José Ildefonso and José Pedro Soares Martins. Big bands paulistas: história de orquestras de baile do interior de São Paulo. Posfácio de Sérgio Estephan. São Paulo: Edições Sesc, 2017. 231 p.: bibl., ill. This is an original account of ballroom bands in upstate São Paulo during the mid-20th century. The emergence or refashioning of these bands accompanied trends in the expanding recording industry and the increased popularity of radio shows. If American big bands were their main model, the inland “jazz” bands of São Paulo state were heavily influenced by scoring practices from Rio’s Rádio Nacional, in applying big-band jazz harmonies and orchestration to a repertory of sambas— canção, boleros, choros, and carnival music. The authors also link these musical developments with the economic prosperity of the region, tied to coffee production and the expansion of the railway system, which also enabled the circulation of musicians and repertory. In fact, individual chapters are named after nine of the dozens of train stations of the now dismantled rail system, to focus on the big band that was active in each of those places. These chapters are heterogeneous in information and quality, and there are important omissions, which, as the authors explain, are due to the diverse nature and amount of information they were able to obtain in their research. The book is a good starting point for research on the subject. 2169 Mello, Guilherme Theodoro Pereira de. A música no Brasil: desde os tempos coloniais até o primeiro decênio da

República. Salvador, Brazil: EDUFBA, 2019. 352 p. First published in 1908, Guilherme de Mello’s book on the history of music in Brazil is the object of a timely critical edition. Complemented with a biographical sketch.

2170 Mello, Zuza Homem de. Copacabana: a trajetória do samba-canção (1929– 1958). São Paulo: Edições SESC: Editora 34, 2017. 511 p.: bibl., ill., index. This is a musical geography of Rio’s most celebrated district. It is a good counterpart to Ruy Castro’s recent book on the same subject of samba-canção (see A noite do meu bem, HLAS 74:2879), though Mello’s narrative is more personal and employs good citation practices. The perspective is that of a paulistano, captivated by the freedom and cosmopolitanism of cariocas in the 1940s and 50s, when Copacabana was the cultural heart of the nation. The 13 chapters of this book alternate quasiethnographic accounts of Copacabana and its inhabitants with biographical sketches and descriptions of places that are closely linked with samba-canção, including theaters, casinos, cafés, hotels, and night clubs. The author argues that this form of romantic song celebrated local autonomy and defi ned ways of being in the world, while assimilating views from artists who migrated from different parts of the country. Mello, who passed away in 2020, traces the genealogy and outgrowths of samba-canção, examines a number of dichotomies that had been constructed about the genre (e.g., insiders and outsiders, singers and songwriters, conservatives and modernists), and stresses the agency of female artists, most notably Dolores Duran and Maysa. 2171 Metz, Jerry D. Carnival as Brazil’s “Tropical Opera”: resistance to Rio’s samba in the carnivals of Recife and Salvador, 1960s-1970s. (in Cultural nationalism and ethnic music in Latin America. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2018, p. 179–218, bibl., photos, tables) Discusses a 1960–70s push from intellectuals and tourism authorities in Recife and Salvador to portray local carnival as being more inclusive and popular, and also less regulated and commercial than Rio’s

576 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 version of this festival. In light of these fi ndings, the author challenges some of Vianna’s and Crook’s statements about samba and carnival, confi rming others. For a review of the entire book, see item 1954.

2172 Mukuna, Kazadi Wa. The ox and the slave: a satirical music drama in Brazil. New and rev. 2nd edition. Brooklyn, NY: Diasporic Africa Press, 2016. 244 p.: appendix. First published in 2003 and based on research carried out in the mid 1980s, this second edition of Mukuna’s landmark study on Maranhão’s, Bumba-meu-Boi engages with additional secondary literature and is accompanied with a new introduction. Perhaps more importantly, the author reassessed the data he collected during his fi rst research, including field notes, photographs, and audio/video recordings, in order to provide more context on the cultural background and function of this musical drama, while discussing the process of continuity and change that occurred in the past 30 years. The generous appendix contains the text and music of songs from the boi troupe Rei da União, from Pindaré-Mirim. 2173 Murgel, Ana Carolina Arruda de Toledo. Pesquisando as compositoras brasileiras no século XXI. (Rev. Inst. Estud. Bras., 71, dez. 2018, p. 181–192, bibl.) Describes some of the challenges experienced by the author while doing her postdoctoral research for Cartografi as da canção feminine. Critically evaluates records from the recording industry and a number of dismissive comments from male biographers of female artists. 2174 Music scenes and migrations. New York: Anthem Press, 2020. 252 p. (Music scenes and migrations) Transnational musical crossings and decentralizing movements and fluxes inside Brazil are the focus of 14 of the 17 chapters of this book. The remaining chapters tackle similar developments in Portugal and Cape Verde, always challenging notions of global/local and center/periphery. The three sections of the book examine 1) Atlantic migrations and diasporas since the colonial period; 2) Rio de Janeiro as a contested space of musical memories, places, communities, and institutions; and 3) independent, under-

ground, and peripheral music scenes in Brazilian and Portuguese cities.

2175 Música & ciências sociais: para além do descompasso entre arte e ciência. Organização de Dmitri Cerboncini Fernandes e Carlos Sandroni. Curitiba, Brazil: Editora Prismas, 2016. 333 p.: bibl. This is a welcome compilation of studies on music within the social sciences mostly originating from Brazilian universities. Texts were originally presented at the First Symposium on Music and Social Sciences, held in Juiz de Fora in 2013, and revised for this publication. The two sections of the book are evenly divided into: 1) Music, Method and History, where the authors (F. Barros, M.A. Hertzman, A. Fléchet, D.C. Fernandes, C. Kirschbaum) revisit methods, paradigms, and recurring tropes, and 2) Music in Action, focusing on texts and scenes and including music in telenovelas (F. Trotta), sertanejo universitário (G. Alonso), parallels between modernist antropofagia and Lévi-Strauss bricolage in tropicália and mangue-beat (A.C. Bezerra), ethnographic eroticism in pagode baiano (F.J. Rodrigues), the role of baião in the construction of a Northeastern memory (E. Maia), and an insightful and well-executed ethnography of choro in the teaching/learning context of the Escola Portátil de Música (M.B. Frydberg). 2176 Música em Contexto: Músicas em Trânsito na Pan-Amazônia. Vol. 13, No. 1, junho 2019. Brasília.: University of Brasília. This special edition of Música em Contexto, published by the University of Brasília, examines various aspects of urban and traditional musics of Amazonia over a period of more than a century. Covers popular trends in urban centers, the music of riverine communities, as well as issues of identity and representation. 2177 Nahum-Claudel, Chloé; Nathalie Pétesch; and Cédric Yvinec. Pourquoi fi lmer sa culture?: Rituel et patrimonialisation en Amazonie brésilienne. (J. Soc. am., 103:2, 2017, p. 47–80) A detailed examination of the interactions of three Amazonian Indigenous groups, the Karajá and Enawenê-nawê of Xingu, and the Suruí of Rondônia, with out-

Music: Brazil / 577 side fi lm crews that produced videos of their rituals. The authors discuss the political and symbolic implications of performances of culture, through discourses, choices, adaptations, and modifications that occur and are negotiated during the process, for example, by allowing or not the intervention of foreign individuals in the rituals, with either their bodies or suggestions. Authors argue that heritagization is not only a transfer of knowledge and a submission of foreign notions, but also acquisition and integration into local issues, that is, the absorption of alterity.

2178 Ogunnaike, Ayodeji. What’s really behind the mask: a reexamination of syncretism in Brazilian candomblé. (J. Africana Relig., 8:1, 2020, p. 146–171) This fascinating article offers a new dimension to the mask metaphor, as used by anthropologists since Bastide in the study of Afro-Brazilian religions. The author articulates concepts from Yoruba beliefs along with interviews with candomblé practitioners during the Lavagem do Bonfi m in Salvador to demonstrate how masks should be understood not as simple disguises (e.g., worshiping Oxalá disguised as Jesus), but as qualities or manifestations of the same deity, within a larger cosmological system in which candomblé and Catholicism are complementary, rather than mutually exclusive. 2179 Paiva, Marcelo Rubens and Clemente Tadeu. Meninos em fúria: e o som que mudou a música para sempre. Rio de Janeiro: Alfaguara, 2016. 220 p. The bestselling author Marcelo Rubens Paiva and Clemente Tadeu, the bassist from the band Inocentes, co-author an autobiographical account of the beginnings of punk rock in São Paulo. Paiva is in charge of the narrative, providing the perspective of a young man fi nding a new purpose in life both as both a punk-rock fan and a writer. Paiva’s writing also contextualizes Clemente’s interventions (in italic or em-dash dialogue format), providing the vantage point of a key figure in the punk-rock movement. The book cleverly juxtaposes accounts of partying, managing a band, performing, and gang fighting in the punk scene on the periphery of the metropolis with the parallel

universe of middle- and upper-class students at the School of Communications of the University of São Paulo during the 1980s.

2180 Pessoa, Felipe Ferreira de Paula. Os conjuntos regionais e o som do choro: a caracterização da performance no acompanhamento do choro. (ArtCultura/Uberlândia, 21:38, jan./jun. 2019, p. 163–179) Analytical study of the performance practices of choro groups during the early years of the Brazilian recording industry in the 1900s, until the standardization of a “professional” sound in the 1930s, with the regionais of Benedito Lacerda and Canhoto. Emphasis is given to the role of the two guitars, with a distinct contrapuntal idiom. 2181 Pinto, Theophilo Augusto. Gente que brilha quando os maestros se encontram: música e músicos na “Era de Ouro” do rádio brasileiro (1945–1957). São Paulo: Alameda, 2014. 306 p.: appendices, bibl., ill. This study is an outgrowth of the author’s 2012 doctoral dissertation in social history. This original study tackles what some have called the dark ages of Brazilian popular music, that is, the period between the end of the golden age of samba in the early 1940s and the beginning of bossa nova in the late 1950s. The author analyzes recordings of Rádio Nacional shows from 1945–60 and discusses the role of radio in constructing or reinforcing narratives that still permeate Brazilian culture: (1) the longing for “the good times,” through a number of invented memories, (2) representations of Blackness, and (3) the perceived threat of American culture. The focus of the study is the agency of music directors and radio hosts during this period, which the author discusses in the text and nicely exemplifies in one of the appendices. 2182 Pontos de Interrogação: Revista Eletrônica de Crítica Cultural. Vol. 8, No. 2, jul./dez. 2018. Organização de Ari Lima, Katharina Döring e Tiago de Oliveira Pinto. Alagoinhas, Brazil: Universidade do Estado da Bahia Departamento de Educação Programa de Pós-Graduação em Crítica Cultural. Special edition of the journal of the Cultural Critique graduate program at the Universidade do Estado da Bahia, featuring transdisciplinary research on samba.

578 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Articles on the professionalization and reification of samba de roda and the role of ethnomusicologists and other scholars in later, post-heritagization developments in the music industry, community-driven and statesponsored Pontos de Cultura, and in some decolonizing initiatives in the academia.

2183 Revista Brasileira de Música. Vol. 33, No. 1, jan./junho 2020, Som e música no audiovisual. Rio de Janeiro: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Música da UFRJ. Thematic issue on sound in audiovisual productions. Provides a good overview of recent research on sound studies in Brazil, particularly sound in fi lm and games. Includes two articles on music in Pernambuco’s cinema, one of them concentrating on authorial traces in the musical choices of fi lm director Kleber Mendonça Filho (B. Alvarenga) and a second one on expressive uses of sonic opacity in recent movies by Mendonça and Gabriel Mascaro (I.A. Porto, M.S. Rossini). Other articles explore additional sonic dimensions of recent Brazilian cinema, such as the spoken voice as a vehicle for conveying violence (D. Opolski), and music in a Brazilian survival-horror game (V.R.S. Farias, F. Iazetta). Other articles in this issue are also intriguing, but less or not related to Brazilian topics. 2184 Revista do Instituto de Estudos Brasileiros. Vol. 73, agosto 2019, O musicar como trilha para a etnomusicologia. Organização de Alice Villela et al. São Paulo: Instituto de Estudos Brasileiros. This special edition of the journal of the Institute of Brazilian Studies contains the dossier “Musicking as a path to ethnomusicology,” which features seven articles on local and glocal modes of music making. Topics include social networks in action in the independent music scene in 1990s Rio (S. Garland) and at a Portuguese concert society aimed at performing Brazilian chamber music during the 1940s-60s (G. Lopes). Ethnographic methods play an important role in articles more oriented towards performance studies, including an intriguing “ethnography of silence” in Juazeiro do Norte, CE (E. Rocha), a study of participatory and presentational musicking in rodas de choro (R.M. Bertho), new performance contexts in a folklore festival in the

state of São Paulo (E.A. Reis), opportunities for social ruptures and discontinuities in an institutional chorus in Espírito Santo (H. Pimentel), and the complex network that sustains the belly dance scene in São Paulo (E. Giesbrecht).

2185 Revista Música. Vol. 19, No. 2, 2019. Edição especial por Heitor Villa-Lobos e Cláudio Santoro. São Paulo: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Música da Escola de Comunicações e Artes da Universidade de São Paulo (ECA/USP). This special issue of Revista Música includes articles on works, ideas, and the musical impact of Villa-Lobos and Cláudio Santoro. The eight texts on Villa-Lobos discuss music for voice and guitar (H. Amorim), exoticism (H. Valente), uses of Indigenous music (M.J. Sergl), among other articles of a more analytical nature. Four articles on Santoro examine his connection with the New Polish School (S. Cevallos), with VillaLobos (R.F. Oliveira), his songs (C. Frésca), and his Mutationen I for harpsichord and tape as a protest work (C.V.R. Arruda). The volume is complemented with an article on influences of the giovane scuola (mainly Lorenzo Perosi) on Alberto Nepomuceno’s sacred music (T.T. Plaça) and parallels between Mestre Vitalino’s sculptures and pífano music traditions in Caruaru, Pernambuco (M.P. Santos). 2186 Ribeiro, Priscila Maria. Ascendeu a Estrela Dalva num facho de branca luz: os sistemas de cantoria da Folia de Reis dos Prudêncio de Cajuru-SP. (Rev. Música, 19:1, julho 2019, p. 10–40) A detailed analytical study on the singing styles of the Folia de Reis dos Prudêncio in Cajuru, southern São Paulo state. The article describes the main systems, or styles of cantoria (chanting) in folias de reis, according to their function and geographical region (São Paulo, Minas Gerais, and Bahia), and compares them with the practices of the Cajuru group. Research was based on fieldwork in Cajuru and on listening and transcription of recordings from 1980 to 2015. 2187 Salles, Paulo de Tarso. Os quartetos de cordas de Villa-Lobos: forma e função. São Paulo: Edusp, 2018. 372 p.: bibl., ill.

Music: Brazil / 579 Combining formal analysis and sophisticated discussions on meaning, this landmark study on Villa-Lobos’ string quartets provides surprising insights into his musical thought. Salles debunks persistent myths about Villa-Lobos’ disregard for structure and provides a good picture of the nature and magnitude of the composer’s archive of compositional processes, expressive/rhetorical devices, and cultural references. The four chapters of this book cover (1) a critical review of related writings about and by Villa-Lobos, (2) his formal models (particularly Haydn’s classicism and the late 19th-century French School), (3) symmetry, harmony, and form in his string quartets, and (4) the representation of national identity in the quartets. Essential reading for scholars on nationalism in music, string quartets, and Brazilian “art” music. Reviewed in RBM, 32:2, (2019) and Literartes, 9, (2018).

2188 Salvadori, Maria Angela Borges. Capoeiras e malandros: pedaços de uma sonora tradição popular (1890–1950). Jundiaí, Brazil: Paco Editorial, 2019. 242 p. Historians and popular music scholars are familiar with Salvadori’s MA thesis on capoeira and malandragem, defended in 1990. This welcome book-format version (including e-book) contains the original text of this pioneering study of race, vagrancy, and popular music in the postabolition years. Reviewed in ArtCultura, 21:38, (2019). 2189 Santos, Eurides de Souza and Erivan Silva. Zabé da Loca: protagonismo feminino no universo das bandas de pífano. (Claves/João Pessoa, 2018, p. 1–20) This article traces the trajectory of pífano artist and composer Isabel Marques da Silva, nicknamed Zabé da Loca (1924–2017) in the Cariri region of western Paraíba. Discusses women’s invisibility in the area and the lack of studies on the subject. Provides a detailed account of the instrument used by Zabé as well as her repertoire and playing techniques. 2190 Santos, Sílvio dos. Ativismo musical e imaginação indigenista em Yanománi, op. 47 (1980) de Marlos Nobre. (Diagonal, 2:2, 2017, p. 103–122) In this article about social activism in contemporary music, Santos analyzes

Marlos Nobre’s compositional choices in his advocacy of the Yanomamo struggle for survival against illegal mining and logging. As Santos points out, Nobre represents the Yanomamo with avant-garde sonorities that suggest otherness, thus following a centuries-old practice in Western music, while reserving Western harmonies and counterpoint to depict their aggressors. Still, the article argues that the Yanomamo succeeded in bringing international attention to the Indigenous cause.

2191 Silva, Carlos Amaral da and Marcos Julio Sergl. Cem anos de música em Presidente Prudente: do desbravamento ao cinquentenário. São Paulo: Intermeios Casa de Artes e Livros, 2017. 264 p.: bibl., ill. Officially established in 1917 in the westernmost part of São Paulo state, Presidente Prudente developed a diversified musical life, partly out of its isolation. Correspondingly, the 13 chapters of this monograph on local music history cover diverse topics, discussing religious music (Catholic and Protestant), festivals, bands (military, civic, jazz), dance halls (carnaval, bailes, and saraus), movie-theater stages, schools and conservatories, music educators, choral music, concert music, popular music, music business, and radio. Unpretentious and useful particularly for those interested in histories of wind bands and carnival in peripheral spaces. Generously illustrated, this volume covers the period up to 1967. 2192 Silva, Edilson Mateus Costa da. Carimbós de Belém no século XIX. (Kwanissa, 6, julho/dez. 2020, p. 156–171) This article discusses the urban dynamics of carimbó in Belém during the 19th century. The authors argue that carimbó was not a rural genre, as some have maintained, but has instead been present in strategies of resistance against civilizatory policies aimed at obliterating Blackness from narratives of Amazonian culture. 2193 Silva, José Carlos Gomes da. São Paulo: juventude negra, música e segregação urbana (1984–1998). Uberlandia, Brazil: EDUFU, 2015. 241 p.: bibl., ill. This book is an outgrowth of Silva’s 1998 doctoral dissertation in social sciences, somewhat updated for this publication. The author describes his work as a musical

580 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 ethnography of rappers from São Paulo’s southern districts in the mid 1990s, but the book also delivers a social history of the movement, circa 1987–97. The main argument is that rap is a discursive reelaboration of social experience in sonic terms; a form of self-awareness of new modalities of urban segregation during the 1990s. The ethnographic part of the book concentrates on Silva’s interviews and conversations with rappers and cultural producers at the Casa de Cultura of Santo Amaro. He provides the names and a short bio of each of his collaborators at the end of the book. The discussions are backed by statistical data on the music market, an ethnic breakdown by district, urban development, crime, violent deaths, and incarcerated populations.

2194 Silvers, Michael B. Voices of drought: the politics of music and environment in northeastern Brazil. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2018. 193 p.: bibl., ill., index. This innovative study examines forró in relation to the sertão biome of inland Northeast (particularly Ceará) and the traditional knowledge it engenders. The last chapters address later forró developments in the more artificial and neoliberal culture of coastal industrial cities. As the book’s main thread, drought acquires a different dimension in each chapter, from the nostalgic constructs of the Northeast in the beginnings of recording industry to the incorporation of folk knowledge of rain prophets in Luiz Gonzaga’s songs, and the corruption and misuse of public funds around the neverending indústria da seca. Related to the author’s ecological and political concerns, five concepts animate and unite the book’s case studies: vulnerability, materiality, listening, nostalgia, and policy. A must-read book for anyone interested in northeastern Brazilian music and a good addition to ecomusicological literature. Reviewed in Ethnomusicology Forum, 28:3. 2195 Snyder, Andrew. Politicizing carnival brass bands in Olympic Rio de Janeiro: instrumental protest and musical repertoires of contention. (Lat. Am. Music Rev., 41:1, Spring/Summer 2020, p. 27–58, bibl., ill.) This article examines the political engagement of fanfarras in street protests

during the volatile 2013–2019 period. Building on concepts by Charles Tilly (repertoires of contention) and Diana Taylor (embodied memory), Snyder considers that these street brass bands and their repertory, commonly associated with carnival, soccer games, and other festive celebrations around the country, constitute forms of embodied knowledge that have been successfully adapted to street protests, arguing that “public festivity is a generative force for political mobilization.”

2196 Sons da Bahia. Organização de Bárbara Falcón. Salvador, Brazil: Editora Pinaúna, 2012/2016. 8 v. Series of eight open-access digital books discussing musical practices, genres, and artists from Bahia, mostly from a scholarly perspective. With its fi rst three volumes released in 2012, the series now has a total of eight books covering the music of Assis Valente (Sueli Borges), reggae in Bahia (Fabrício Mota), reggae in Cachoeira (Barbara Falcón), samba-chula in the Recôncavo (Katharina Döring), Doces Bárbaros (Carlos Barros), Ilê Ayê (Carlos A.C. Silva), pagode baiano (Ari Lima), and Maria Bethânia (Marlon Marcos). Descriptions of the project and of each of the eight books are available online at https://sonsdabahia.wordpress.com/. 2197 Souza, João José Veras de. Breve ensaio sobre o caso colonial da música sem nação. (Claves/João Pessoa, 2019, p. 23– 45, bibl., ill., music) Brazil’s last territorial “acquisition” in South America, the state of Acre was Bolivian territory until 1903. This eye-opening essay unveils colonialist practices in the Brazilian public policies applied to Acre, along with hegemonic practices in the culture industry and academia, ultimately rendering invisible local cultural expressions. 2198 Souza, Tárik de. Sambalanço: a bossa que dança—um mosaico: samba 100 anos, 1916–2016. São Paulo: Kuarup Produções Ltda., 2016. 271 p.: bibl., ill., index. Tárik de Souza interviews key figures of sambalanço. This style, was very popular in the late 1950s and 1960s, coexisting with bossa nova, but promoting a modernization of samba on very different terms. Unlike bossa nova, sambalanço is extroverted dance music, with a strong emphasis on

Music: Brazil / 581 rhythm (balanço = swing), use of the Hammond organ and electric guitars, and expanded percussion and brass sections incorporating Afro-Caribbean instruments. What the author identifies here as a movement is not to be confused with Carlos Lyra’s 1962 song, or the 1964–65 samba-jazz trio, also called sambalanço. The book begins with a brief historical and conceptual introduction, after which Tárik de Souza transcribes the text of 12 interviews with key figures of this style, some originally featured in his former cable TV show and others made for a documentary that was released in 2019. The book also provides 16 short biographies of artists who were not interviewed and an 80-item discography.

2199 Vasconcelos Neto, Agenor Cavalcanti. Música kuximawara entre os povos indígenas do Noroeste Amazônico: a ética-estética de Jurupary/Biisiu aplicada à música popular. (Diagonal, 5:1, 2020, p. 49–66) This article discusses how the Yepámahsã of the northeastern Amazon articulate their traditional musical concepts and practices when performing kuximawara music, using amplification, electronic keyboards, and electric guitars. Shows that these “modern” instruments are also regarded as people, bearing a soul, and that this music revives and updates the mythical past of the Jurupary/Biisiu narratives. 2200 Vozes, performances e arquivos de saberes. Organização de Edil Silva Costa, Nerivaldo Alves Araújo e Frederico Augusto Garcia Fernandes. Salvador, Brazil: EDUNEB, 2018. 325 p. This timely compendium presents current research on oral poetics and intangible cultural heritage in Brazil. Its 13 chapters address traditional cultural practices, verbal and nonverbal texts, and performances, by means of interviews, testimonies, and analysis of audiovisual material.

Among topics that address or intersect with music, historian João E. do Nascimento Neto traces the various narratives around the figure of Besouro, a 19th-century capoeirista from the Recôncavo area. Andréa Betânia da Silva focuses on women in the Northeastern improvised cantoria singing. Michael Iyanaga discusses Seeger’s question “why do they sing?” as he addresses the musico-devotional events in the Recôncavo, also attenting to the formal structure of these chants. Sônia Queiroz examines recent, strategic uses of vissungos, a tradition of ritual chants of Bantu origin, aiming at revitalizing and increasing appreciation for African languages and cultures in southeastern Brazil. Katharina Döring wraps up the musical section stressing the need for dialogue among comparative literature (particularly focusing on oral literature), anthropology, ethnomusicology, and performance studies when researching Afro-Brazilian musicality, using Recôncavo’s samba de roda as a case study.

2201 Wright, Robin M. As tradições sagradas de Kuwai entre os povos Aruaque setentrionais: estruturas, movimentos e variações. (Mana/Rio de Janeiro, 23:3, 2017, p. 609–652) This article surveys current knowledge on Arawak myths around the figure Kuwai, as recorded on the sacred chants “journeys of Kuwai,” showing that these chants “represent the geographical knowledge gathered throughout centuries of travels” within a large area of Northwest Amazonia. The author identifies these sacred routes and networks, or “mythscapes,” in ancient petroglyphs and geographical formations mentioned in the chants and argues that shared myths and ceremonial musical traditions involving sacred flutes and trumpets amongst many unrelated groups in this large area illustrates the exchange of shamanic knowledge over a long period.

PHILOSOPHY: LATIN AMERICAN THOUGHT

SUSANA NUCCETELLI, Professor of Philosophy, St. Cloud State University

AMONG THE PUBLICATIONS reviewed for HLAS 76, only a handful are philosophical works classified within the subject matter of a characteristically Latin American philosophy. Instead, most authors conceive their works as belonging within ethics, social and political philosophy, epistemology, or the other standard branches of Western philosophy. Many Latin American philosophers have offered skeptical arguments about the quality and even the possibility of a philosophy that could be considered distinctive of that region. This skepticism may explain, at least in part, the reluctance of these authors to identify their works as a characteristically Latin American philosophy. Alternatively, they might be reluctant to engage in a metaphilosophical debate about the nature and quality of this branch of philosophy, which at present is eclipsed by other debates—something unsurprising in light of the intermittent interest in that debate since it fi rst took center stage in the mid-20th century. Nevertheless, because Latin American philosophy, broadly understood, includes any philosophical works whose topics relate to Latin America and almost all of the books and articles reviewed in this chapter feature topics that satisfy this description, they belong to this branch of philosophy. Furthermore, they provide evidence of the status of this branch. However, before offering any evaluative judgments, we should mention that the publications reviewed in this chapter were issued between 2013 and 2019, primarily in Latin American. Only a few titles were published in Spain and the US, which suggests that interest in works of Latin American philosophy outside Latin America remains low compared with previous review periods. Among the books published in the region, Argentina was the country of origin of about 46, Mexico of eight, Cuba and Peru of five each, Bolivia and Colombia of four each, Ecuador and Guatemala of two each, and Chile, Honduras, Puerto Rico, Uruguay, and Venezuela of one each. It is important to note that quantity does not always reflect quality. As the reviews suggest, countries with a low number of publications such as Chile, Honduras, and Uruguay score higher in the merits of their philosophical publications than countries with a high volume of publications, such as Argentina, Mexico, Cuba, and Bolivia. The authors from the latter countries need to engage more in reasoned argument whereby ideological preferences are set aside and the social sciences given a more prominent role in justifying claims about social, political, and economic matters. In addition, they should acknowledge the limitations that philosophers face when attempting to investigate empirical matters that call for a scientific methodology. Violations to these constraints often come from postmodern theory (item 2270), postcolonial

584 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76

theory (items 2209, 2277, and 2295), subaltern studies (items 2234 and 2248), Marxism and neo-Marxism (items 2239, 2243, 2260, and 2281), liberation philosophy (items 2217 and 2231), and Liberation Theology (items 2249 and 2266). The quality of philosophical inquiry improves when the topic is a historical theme or figure, a result particularly evident in studies of political thinkers of Marxism and liberal socialist thinkers of the 20th century such as Argentine José María Aricó (item 2302), Italian Norberto Bobbio (items 2215 and 2285), Argentine Luis Bonaparte (item 2282), Peruvian Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre (item 2271), Argentine José Ingenieros (item 2287), and Peruvian Augusto Salazar Bondy (items 2268 and 2272). Historical works in this selection also feature studies of some 19th-century political thinkers whose views contributed to the political agenda of independentist movements and the process of nation-building that followed independence from Spain, such as Peruvian José María de Pando (item 2269), Mexican Melchor Ocampo (item 2245), and Argentine Domingo Faustino Sarmiento (item 2289). The publications that most successfully apply reasoned argument tend to be those that address a philosophical debate on a controversial issue of ethics or of social and political philosophy. Two examples are Basaure and Svensson’s 2015 volume on the moral status of nontraditional marriages (item 2225) and Martín’s 2017 volume on the problem of justice within Latin American nations that transitioned from military dictatorships to liberal democracies in the 1980s and 90s (item 2297). Other books and articles in this group of promising philosophical works focus on issues of philosophy of culture (item 2233), history of ethics (items 2250 and 2280), history of philosophy in Latin America (items 2236 and 2283), and philosophy of history (item 2229). Finally, there is also great merit in offering a balanced overview or collection of primary sources from a specific area of Latin America, such as philosophical thought in Chile (item 2278), Argentina (item 2281) and the Caribbean—originated in either the Caribbean islands themselves (items 2252 and 2259) or New York (item 2253).

GENERAL

2202 Althusser desde América Latina. Edición de Anna Popovitch. Morelia, Mexico: UNAM, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad Morelia; Buenos Aires: Editorial Biblos, 2017. 225 p.: bibl. As the title indicates, this book contains essays that explore the work of Louis Althusser (1918–90), one of the French philosophers who greatly contributed to the interest in neo-Marxism that grew in Latin America during the 1970s. The contributors to the volume critically discuss some general aspects of Althusser’s neo-Marxist theory (e.g., his view of the relationship between theory and political praxis) as well as its connections with other neo-Marxist theories of the second half of the 20th century. Specific accounts of Althusser’s impact in Latin America include the cases of Argentina, Chile, and Mexico.

2203 Arte y fi losofía: la cultura del cuidado del patrimonio histórico y la salud. Edición y textos de Aldo Enrici, Graciela Ciselli, Rosana Firpo, Marcela Triviño e Alejandra Jara. Río Gallegos, Argentina: UNPA, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral, 2016. 211 p.: bibl., ill. This volume contains new essays by each of the editors on one of these two themes: environmental care and health care in Latin America, with a focus on the Patagonia region. Salient among the contributions are two essays that provide much needed information about how the Tehuelche people who now inhabit the southern borders of Argentina and Chile approach reflection on such themes. 2204 Astesano, Eduardo. La nación sudamericana: indianidad-negritudlatinidad. San Salvador de Jujuy, Argentina: Arenal, 2014. 255 p.: bibl.

Philosophy: Latin American Thought: General / 585 In this reprint of La nación sudamericana (originally published in 1986), Eduardo Astesano (1913–91) set out to investigate some turning points in both the remote and recent history of Latin America, as illustrated respectively by his studies of the colonial period and the Guerra de las Malvinas of 1982, also known as the Falklands War. However, often conspiring against the objectivity of his studies are Astesano’s own political preferences, which lead him to relativize the value of the facts at hand.

2205 Carballo, Francisco and Walter Mignolo. Una concepción descolonial del mundo. Buenos Aires: Ediciones del Signo, 2014. 150 p.: bibl., 1 ill. (Colección El desprendimiento) This book contains the transcript of a long interview with postcolonial Argentine thinker Walter Mignolo conducted by Francisco Carballo. Among other themes, the inter view centers on the nature and function of postcolonial studies, including some of its practical applications to the understanding of the reality of Latin America. It also covers Mignolo’s views of esthetics. 2206 El Che y otras rebeldías: antología. Compilación y edición de Nilda Redondo et al. Santa Rosa, Argentina: Ed UNLPam, 2013–2014. 2 v.: bibl. This collection of new essays written from the perspective of the political left addresses Marxism, feminism, and civil rights struggles in Latin America. The contributions frame their issues in terms consistent with the conceptual framework of the political left. This approach may explain the otherwise puzzling allusion to Che Guevara in the title of the book, even while the study of this figure of Marxism in Latin America is not a central topic in any of the essays. 2207 Colombres, Adolfo. Teoría de la cultura y el arte popular: una visión crítica. La Habana: Ediciones ICAIC, 2015. 372 p.: bibl., ill. In this book, Colombres undertakes an investigation of a wide range of cultural developments in Latin America. Created by either experts or the people, the cultural artifacts that are of interest to Colombres range from popular art and mass media products to fi ne art works and philosophical creations. His approach to this subject mat-

ter is closer to speculative anthropology and sociology than to a reflective philosophical analysis.

2208 Concha, José Pablo. La rutina como identificación fi losófica-estética entre el sujeto occidental y latinoamericano. (Universum/Talca, 31:2, 2016, p. 31–46, bibl.) This essay addresses the interesting question of whether the categories of Western philosophy can apply to works in Latin American philosophy. For reasons he does not elaborate, Concha argues that the key for fi nding the right answer rests on the concept of the ordinary (“la rutina”). 2209 Crisis civilizatoria, desarrollo y buen vivir. Edición de Pablo Quintero. Textos de Alberto Acosta et al. Buenos Aires: Ediciones del Signo; Durham, N.C.: Center for Global Studies and the Humanities, Duke University, 2014. 199 p.: bibl. (Colección El Desprendimiento) In this edited volume, Pablo Quintero has gathered seven new essays by Latin American thinkers who embrace the perspective of postcolonial theory and use it to offer their own value theory centered on the Aristotelian concept of the good life. These essays seek to produce what the editor calls in his introduction “a cure” from the modern “values” of consumerism, development, and progress. The essays also regard Latin American thought as a kind of border (“frontera”) or periphery type of thinking—as opposed to the type of thinking of the center. However, appealing to categories from the social sciences and economics, such as the center-periphery distinction, creates an expectation of empirical evidence that these essays do not provide. 2210 Degiovanni, Fernando. Vernacular Latin Americanisms: war, the market, and the making of a discipline. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2018. 238 p.: bibl., index. (Illuminations: cultural formations of the Americas series) This monograph explores early 20thcentury conceptions of the cultural, political, and social identity of Latin America. Degiovanni focuses on the commentaries and studies of some influential figures within and outside of Latin America, such as Ford, Coester, Onís, Castro, Sánchez, Henríquez Ureña, and Anderson Imbert, and

586 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 argues that the views of these cultural critics advanced the “hemispheric” interests of the US and Spain in the region. Note, however, that Degiovanni’s use of the expression “Latin Americanisms” in connection with those views departs from the more standard use that is associated with the work of early thinkers of Latin American identity, such as Simón Bolívar, José Martí, and José Vasconcelos.

2211 Discurso, compromiso e historia: una aproximación sociológica al trabajo intelectual y político. Edición de Carlos Federico Miranda Medina, Juan Gustavo Núñez Olguín y María Nohemí González Martínez. Textos de María Francisca Fernández Cáceres et al. Barranquilla, Colombia: Red Iberoamericana en Ciencias Sociales con Enfoque de Género: Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar, 2014. 166 p.: bibl. Published in a series devoted to the social sciences, this edited volume aims at making a contribution to the sociology of knowledge by bringing together essays that examine the evolution of certain intellectual perspectives, including existentialism, Marxism, feminism, and liberalism. Although some of the essays attempt to analyze the work of Hispanic representatives of some of these perspectives (e.g., Enrique Tierno Galván), most of them look closely at the work of representatives from outside Latin America (e.g., Judith Butler and Pierre Bourdieu). As a result, the volume falls short of amounting to a contribution to the study of how Latin American intellectuals have helped advance the cited perspectives. 2212 En torno a fronteras e intelectuales: conceptualizaciones, itinerarios y coyunturas institucionales. Coordinación de Horacio Crespo, Luis Gerardo Morales y Mina Alejandra Navarro. Ciudad de México: Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos: Itaca, 2014. 414 p.: bibl. According to the coordinators of this collection of 18 new essays, the feature that these contributions have in common is that they address issues relevant to las fronteras (the borders). Beyond this constraint, their level of scholarship varies as widely as their topics. Readers can fi nd in some of the essays rare empirical data about, for example,

social issues in Panama during the 19th century or the labor movement in the Córdoba province of Argentina at the beginning of the 20th century.

2213 Encender la teoría: lecturas de la modernidad desde América Latina contemporánea. Textos de Guillermo Ricca et al. Río Cuarto, Argentina: UniRío Editora, 2015. 172 p.: bibl. (Colección Académicocientífica) The five essays in this edited volume put several perspectives within the continental tradition of philosophy at the service of investigating some historical and contemporary topics of political philosophy in Latin America. Illustrating the historical topics is, for example, an article on the concept of freedom as expressed by some thinkers during the period of political reorganization in Argentina after the early 19th-century Wars of Independence. Among the contemporary topics are essays devoted to studying some left-leaning political thinkers from both inside and outside of Latin America, such as French West Indian Frantz Fanon, Argentine José Aricó, and German Karl Marx. 2214 Figuras, historias y territorios: cartógrafos contemporáneos de la indagación política en América Latina. Coordinación de Israel Covarrubias. Textos de Javier Santiso et al. Ciudad de México: Publicaciones Cruz O., S.A.; Morelia, Mexico: Facultad de Economía “Vasco de Quiroga” de la Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás Hidalgo, 2015. 225 p.: bibl. This edited volume focuses on the work of 10 contemporary intellectual figures in Latin America. Although some are political philosophers (e.g., Guillermo O’Donnell and H.C.F. Mansilla), others work in areas outside philosophy, such as dependency theory (e.g., Fernando Henrique Cardoso) and Liberation Theology (e.g., Leonardo Boff). 2215 Filippi, Alberto. Filosofía y teoría política: Norberto Bobbio y América Latina. Buenos Aires: Hammurabi, José Luis Depalma Editor, 2016. 316 p.: bibl. This extensive study examines the influence of mostly Italian 20th-century political thinkers and sociologists in Latin America. Although Norberto Bobbio is prominent among them, the views of some

Philosophy: Latin American Thought: General / 587 Latin American philosophers, such as Carlos Cossio, Leopoldo Zea, and Rodolfo Mondolfo (Italian born), are considered in this book. Of interest to scholars working on the reception of the ideas of Bobbio in Argentina, Mexico, Chile, and Venezuela.

2216 Hart Dávalos, Armando. La utopía libertaria en nuestra América, 1959– 2016. Compilación de Eloísa M. Carreras Varona. La Habana: Editorial de Ciencias Sociales, 2017. 342 p.: bibl. (Cuba, una cultura de liberación; 10) This monograph is mainly devoted to explaining the key concepts of classical Marxist theory. A number of chapters study the life and work of selected Latin American Marxists who have been politically salient, such as Salvador Allende and Omar Torrijos, former presidents of Chile and Panama, respectively. 2217 Herrera Salazar, Gabriel. Vida humana, muerte y sobrevivencia: la ética material en la obra de Enrique Dussel. Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Mexico: Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas; San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Mexico: Centro de Estudios Superiores de México y Centroamérica, 2015. 61 p.: bibl. (Colección Apuntes del sur; 2) This study has the dual goal of introducing the liberation philosophy of Enrique Dussel in general, and the ethics and conception of death in particular. Although Herrera Salazar explains Dussel’s theories, he does not go beyond the discussion of those theories to enter the realm of critical assessment. 2218 Historia, religión y antropología desde nuestra América Latina. Textos de Gerardo Alberto Hernández Aponte et al. Compilación de Amira Juri. Buenos Aires: Vinciguerra, 2015. 104 p.: bibl., ill. (Páginas universales) This edited volume features five essays analyzing specific political movements or doctrines in Latin America within a wide historical period extending from the Spanish conquest to the present. The contributions follow a compare-and-contrast pattern: each Latin American movement or doctrine under consideration is studied in relation to a parallel movement or doctrine that is associated with the traditional worldviews of

certain groups of Indigenous peoples. Contributors offer some textual evidence for the analogies and dis-analogies that they draw.

2219 Indianismos: la correspondencia de Fausto Reinaga con Guillermo Carnero Hoke y Guillermo Bonfi l Batalla. Compilación e introducción de Fabiola Escárzaga. La Paz: Fundación Amautica Fausto Reinaga; Ciudad de México: Centro de Estudios Andinos y Mesoamericanos, 2014. 354 p.: bibl. This work offers a selection of letters that Bolivian Indigenous writer Fausto Reinaga exchanged with Peruvian journalist Guillermo Carnero Hoke and Mexican writer and ethnologist Guillermo Bonfi l Batalla during the years 1969 and 1979. In her introduction to this anthology, Fabiola Escárzaga argues that, owing to the recent emergence of powerful Indigenous movements and governments in Bolivia, Chile, Mexico, and some other Latin American countries, the letters have acquired a new significance in thinking about the rights of the Indigenous peoples of Latin America. 2220 Kraniauskas, John D. Políticas culturales: acumulación, desarrollo y crítica cultural. Ciudad de México: FLACSO México, 2015. 189 p.: bibl. In this study, John Kraniauskas adopts the perspective of the so-called subaltern studies in order to undertake a conceptual exploration of notions such as “empire,” “development,” “cultural studies,” and “transculturation.” This exploration leads him to examine the views of a variety of post-Marxist, postmodern, and postcolonial thinkers such as Néstor García Canclini, Stuart Hall, Ángel Rama, and Ernesto Laclau. Kraniauskas addresses the relationship between globalization and culture as well as other empirical matters with a highly speculative approach. 2221 Lizárraga, Fernando. Marxistas y liberales: la justicia, la igualdad y la fraternidad en la teoría política contemporánea. Buenos Aires: Editorial Biblos, 2016. 192 p.: bibl. (Filosofía) In this work, Lizárraga defends a type of Marxism that is now known as “analytical.” He also provides a solid introduction to other contemporary developments within Marxist theory as well as within liberalism

588 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 in political philosophy. Developments of the latter include the liberalism of John Rawls, the egalitarianism of G.A. Cohen, and the socialism of George Orwell.

2222 Machado, Darío L. Escenarios políticos: para actuar en las coyunturas con pensamiento estratégico. Buenos Aires: CTA Ediciones, 2014. 189 p.: bibl., ill. This short monograph is entirely devoted to the analysis of some key concepts of political science such as “strategy” and “tactic.” It also addresses related conceptual distinctions and evaluates the role of conceptual frameworks in the planning of political action. Machado ascribes a high degree of instrumental practical value to his research on the concepts of political science and presents his conclusions as contributions to “strategic thought” and “strategic planning” in politics. 2223 Mansilla, H.C.F. Las raíces conservadoras bajo las apariencias radicales en América Latina: la necesidad de una consciencia crítica en torno a problemas históricos y políticos. La Paz: Rincón Ediciones, 2016. 288 p.: bibl. (Colección Abrelosojos; 8) In this provocative monograph, Mansilla argues that almost all political movements of Latin America, whether of the political left or right, stem from a conservative, antidemocratic tradition. In his view, those movements suffer from similar intellectual vices, such as dogmatism and the acritical rejection of dissenting positions. As a result, political movements of opposite persuasions fail to engage in political deliberation, a phenomenon clearly illustrated by the widespread authoritarianism of local politics. 2224 Marchiaro, Pancho. Cultura 2.0: prédicas, prácticas y gestión cultural en tiempos enredados. Caseros, Argentina: RGC Libros, 2014. 206 p.: bibl., index. This monograph provides an analysis of culture that touches lightly on a variety of topics, but does not offer in-depth discussions of any one area. Readers should expect an opinion-based book on topics as dissimilar as the defi nition of culture, the globalization of Santa Claus, culinary art, blogging, and fi lm.

2225 Matrimonio en confl icto: visiones rivales sobre el matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo. Edición de Mauro Basaure y Manfred Svensson. Santiago: Editorial Cuarto Propio; Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Andrés Bello, 2015. 302 p.: bibl. (Ensayo/ Género) This work addresses the current debate over the morality of gay marriage. The editors’ introduction precedes 12 essays that approach gay marriage from different perspectives, including moral, legal, and sociological. Their organization of the book follows what is now standard for an edited volume on a hotly debated issue of applied ethics: namely, by offering essays on each side of the debate. The result is a lively exchange of arguments, just as readers would expect from a book of this kind today. 2226 Memoria colectiva de América Latina. Coordinación de Manuel González Navarro y Jorge Mendoza García. Madrid: Biblioteca Nueva, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, 2017. 276 p.: bibl., ill. (Historia Biblioteca Nueva) This edited volume brings together new essays devoted to exploring the role of collective memory throughout history. The degree of generality of the contributions varies greatly. Some of the contributions offer a general approach to the concept of collective memory; others apply that concept to some important events in the recent history of Latin America such as the “dirty wars” of Mexico and Chile and the rise of the guerrilla movement in Colombia, all of which took place in the late 20th century. 2227 Moraga Valle, Fabio. El resplandor en el abismo: el movimiento Clarté y el pacifismo en América Latina (1918–1941). (Anu. Colomb. Hist. Soc. Cult., 42:2, julio/ dic. 2015, p. 127–159, bibl.) Moraga Valle undertakes a historical investigation of the impact of Clarté, a European movement of the 1920s with a pacifist agenda, in Latin America. The essay will be of interest to scholars working on the history of ideas in the region at the time. 2228 Nuccetelli, Susana. An introduction to Latin American philosophy. Cambridge, England; New York, N.Y.: Cambridge

Philosophy: Latin American Thought: General / 589 University Press, 2020. 309 p.: bibl., index. (Cambridge introductions to philosophy) Historians, political scientists, and sociologists will fi nd much of relevance to their disciplines in this survey of the evolution of philosophy in Latin America. Nuccetelli combines philosophy with biographical sketches in her focus on individual thinkers from Bartolomé de las Casas and José de Acosta of the colonial era to Simón Bolivar, Domingo Sarmiento, and José Martí in the 19th century, to José Carlos Mariátegui, Victor Raúl Haya de la Torre, and Che Guevara in the 20th century. The author uses her grasp of basic philosophical questions to buttress her depiction of how these thinkers applied their analytical talents to the contemporary political, cultural, and social problems that they confronted. This book is a testimonial to the importance of ideas in history that also presents a functional conceptual framework for the organization of university-level history courses. [J. Britton]

2229 Palti, Elías José. ¿Las ideas fuera de lugar?: Estudios y debates en torno a la historia político-intelectual latinoamericana. Buenos Aires: Prometeo Libros, 2014. 176 p.: bibl. This book is of considerable interest to those working on Latin American historiography. It brings together eight of Palti’s own essays, most of them entirely devoted to a close look at the work of present-day Latin American historians. Fueling this work is Palti’s intention to show readers that the history of ideas in Latin America is not a mere copy of major doctrines in the Western tradition, even when the intellectual history of Latin America is part of that tradition. 2230 Pensamiento social italiano sobre América Latina. Edición de Stefano Tedeschi y Alessio Surian. Textos de Raffaele Nocera et al. Buenos Aires: CLACSO, 2017. 464 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Antologías del pensamiento social latinoamericano y caribeño. Serie Miradas lejanas) Tedeschi and Surian compile a selection of 19 writings by Italian authors, organized in three areas according to whether they belong to the study of history, political thought, or philosophy of culture. The selec-

tion exemplifies Marxist, liberationist, and postcolonial approaches to themes in those three areas. Objects of concern in the essays include accounting for the rights of Andean Amerindians, the emergence of Peronism in Argentina, and the role of the Catholic Church in the socioeconomic and political developments of Latin America.

2231 Percio, Enrique M. Del. Ineludible fraternidad: confl icto, poder y deseo. Buenos Aires: Ediciones CICCUS, 2014. 239 p.: bibl., ill. In this somewhat unstructured monograph, Enrique Del Percio uses the concept of brotherhood as a proxy for democracy, a form of polity that he construes in the modern way, one that began with the French Revolution. According to his account, democracy is in need of vindication in Latin America, especially in light of the noteworthy twists in the region’s politics during the first decades of the 21st century. However, the concept of brotherhood also has a role to play in philosophy and culture, which for Del Percio consists in establishing a dialogue between liberation philosophers and other Latin American intellectuals with their European peers within continental philosophy. 2232 Redes intelectuales transnacionales en América Latina durante la entreguerra. Compilación de Alexandra Pita González. Colima, Mexico: Universidad de Colima; Ciudad de México: Miguel Ángel Porrúa, 2016. 282 p.: bibl., ill., map. (Las ciencias sociales. Tercera década) This edited volume featuring nine previously unpublished essays is preceded by Alexandra Pita González’s introduction in which she explains the concept of an intellectual social network that unifies this collection. The authors approach the topic from different angles: some focus on intellectual networks associated with political parties or movements; others study intellectual networks that are associated with cultural magazines or diplomacy. Accordingly, the investigations would be of interest to scholars working on the contemporary history of ideas or culture in Latin America. 2233 Representaciones, emergencias y resistencias de la crítica cultural: mujeres intelectuales en América Latina y

590 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 el Caribe. Edición de Nelly Prigorian y Carmen Díaz Orozco. Textos de Beatriz Sarlo et al. Buenos Aires: CLACSO, 2017. 316 p.: bibl. (Colección Antologías del pensamiento social latinoamericano y caribeño. Serie Pensamientos silenciados) This anthology features 11 essays by women intellectuals who are well known in Latin America for their work as essayists, political thinkers, and/or literary critics. All contributions were published either during the 20th century (e.g., Beatriz Sarlo, 1988; Josefi na Ludmer, 1984) or during the fi rst two decades of this century (e.g., Sylvia Molloy, 2012; Miriam Muñiz Varela, 2013). Each essay has its own merits and the volume as a whole exemplifies voices that need to be (and in many cases have been) heard within the intellectual circles of Latin America.

2234 Rocha Monroy, Ramón. Para descolonizar la fi losofía política: estudios subalternos. Cochabamba, Bolivia: Grupo Editorial Kipus, 2018. 259 p.: bibl. This monograph is divided in three parts: “Colonial Heritage,” “The Indigenous Legacy,” and “Andean Worldview.” Although each of these sections addresses topics of political philosophy in Latin America that are worth investigating, Rocha Monroy conducts his investigations in a heavily ideological way. The result is a book that appears to have two main goals: denouncing the role of Western colonialism and postcolonial imperialism in Latin America and vindicating the contributions of Amerindian cultures to the major cultural and economic centers of the West, including their Indigenous agricultural products, such as corn and potatoes. 2235 Rojas, Eduardo and Micaela Cuesta. Crítica y crisis en América Latina: aprender a leer, aprender a hablar. Buenos Aires: Prometeo Libros, 2016. 131 p.: bibl. (Colección Releer América Latina) Rojas and Cuesta have assembled a short book with two parts. One part reflects on the factors involved in attempting to gain critical knowledge of the Latin American reality. The other part is an anthology of short writings by a number of international thinkers, including Chilean sociologist Juan Enrique Vega and Frankfurt school philosopher Theodor Adorno. Most of the selections

featured in this book approach the study of ethics in professional communications and are the work of journalists and bloggers.

2236 Tamarit, José. Los intelectuales en “el centro” y en “la periferia”: tradición, educación y producción de ciudadanía. Parque San Martín (Merlo), Argentina: Ediciones Instituto Superior Dr. Arturo Jauretche, 2017. 504 p.: bibl. (Pulqui) This book appears to have dual goals; fi rst, it offers an investigation of the political doctrines of some Latin American historical figures, and second, it presents a study of what the author considers parallel doctrines of some European figures prominent in continental philosophy of the last century. Among the Latin American figures that concern Tamarit are a mix of philosophical and literary thinkers such as José Martí, José Enrique Rodó, and Jorge Luis Borges. The European figures include philosophers of different continental persuasions such as Jean Paul Sartre, Michel Foucault, and Max Weber. The result of pursuing two goals is a divided book that as a whole lacks a clear structure and a leading thesis. 2237 Los usos del olvido: recorridos, dimensiones y nuevas preguntas. Coordinación de Patricia Flier y Daniel Lvovich. Textos de Enzo Traverso et al. Rosario, Argentina: Prohistoria Ediciones, 2014. 208 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Universidad; 35) This edited volume brings together 10 new essays with the sole common theme of the social roles of forgetting (“olvido”). Salient among those roles is the function of forgetting in transitional justice, which seeks a compromise between the retributive punishment to wrongdoers during military regimes in Latin America and the promotion of democracy in the region. 2238 Violencia y método: de lecturas y críticas. Compilación de Gabriela Milone. Textos de Adriana Canseco et al. Buenos Aires: Letranómada, 2014. 143 p.: bibl. (Colección Biblioteca de fi losofía e imagen y poesía) This volume features 10 new essays framed according to a variety of perspectives within the continental tradition in philosophy. The main concern of this edited volume is how to read in general and how to read poetry in particular. Thus, the volume

Philosophy: Latin American Thought: Mexico / 591 is topically closer to a reflection on the philosophy of literature than on the philosophy of philosophy. MEXICO

2239 Camaradas: nueva historia del comunismo en México. Coordinación de Carlos Illades. Ciudad de México: Secretaría de Cultura: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2017. 375 p.: bibl., ill. (Biblioteca mexicana. Serie Historia y antropología) As the title of this edited volume suggests, the book aims at providing a new history of the communist movement in Mexico. The result is a collection of new essays that look at a number of aspects of that history without providing a holistic picture, except for the substantial introductory essay by Carlos Illades. 2240 Draper, Susana. 1968 Mexico: constellations of freedom and democracy. Durham, N.C.; London: Duke University Press, 2018. 251 p.: bibl., index. (Radical Américas) This monograph aims to reconstruct certain historical events in Mexico that took place in 1968 and are commonly associated with the student movement of that year. To do so, Draper examines the perspectives of an eclectic group of writers: some Marxist philosophers along with some women and men who served time in jail for their participation in the movement. Draper believes that a deep understanding of the movement will help to explain the events leading up to the Tlatelolco massacre in Mexico and some political reforms enacted shortly afterward. It can also be instrumental in accounts of some current social, political, and ideological movements around the world. For a review of the Spanish-language version of this work, see 431. 2241 Estética y emancipación: fantasma, fetiche, fantasmagoría. Coordinación de Mariana Botey y Cuauhtémoc Medina. Ciudad de México: UNAM, Dirección de Artes Visuales: Universidad Autónoma Metropolitano: Siglo XXI, 2014. 286 p.: bibl., ill. (Serie Zona crítica) This edited volume focuses on issues that are at the intersection of esthetics and political theory. Accordingly, it might be attractive to scholars working on that narrow

intersection. Readers will fi nd that although the context in most of the essays is Mexico, in the last section of the book, the essays concern issues of esthetics in other parts of the world such as Palestine and Germany.

2242 Formas reales de la dominación del estado: perspectivas interdisciplinarias del poder y la política. Coordinación de Alejandro Agudo Sanchíz y Marco Estrada Saavedra. Ciudad de México: El Colegio de México, Centro de Estudios Sociológicos, 2014. 431 p.: bibl., ill., maps, portraits. Agudo Sanchíz and Estrada Saavedra’s book is an edited volume with nine new essays that fall mostly within the subject matter of practical political science and ethnology. The essays explore different aspects of the tension between what belongs to the state and what is private. With a few exceptions, including one essay on transgender rights in Ecuador, the contributors make an effort to illustrate their claims with reference to Mexico. 2243 Illades, Carlos. El marxismo en México: una historia intelectual. Ciudad de México: Taurus, 2018. 374 p.: bibl., index. (Pensamiento) This book provides critical accounts of the impact of the Marxist movement in Mexico, broadly construed to include some accounts of the role of Marxists who were not members of the Communist Party in the intellectual history of the Mexican political left. Since Illades’ evidence from facts and writings covers almost 150 years of Marxism in Mexico, his monograph offers a comprehensive account for historians of the political doctrine and movement in the country. 2244 Mexican philosophy in the 20th century: essential readings. Edited by Carlos Alberto Sánchez and Robert Eli Sanchez, Jr. New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, 2017. 270 p.: bibl., index. (Oxford new histories of philosophy) The editors of this anthology have made an effort to include a representative number of selections from the works of contemporary Mexican thinkers. The result is a highly recommended volume for anyone interested in philosophical developments in Mexico and Latin America during the 20th century.

592 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76

2245 Ocampo, Melchor. Escritos políticos. Compilación de Raúl González Lezama. Ciudad de México: SEP, Secretaría de Educación Pública: INEHRM, Instituto Nacional de Estudios Históricos de las Revoluciones de México: Siglo Veintiuno Editores, 2015. 390 p.: bibl. (Historia) (Clásicos) This anthology brings together the political writings of Melchor Ocampo (1814– 61), a stern advocate of liberalism in Mexico during the mid-19th century. The editor has done a careful job at imposing a thematic organization on Ocampo’s vast corpus of writings, which includes speeches, letters, essays, and political pamphlets. 2246 Uranga, Emilio. Algo más sobre José Gaos. Seguido de una bibliohemerografía aproximada, advertencia, edición y selección de Adolfo Castañón. Ciudad de México: El Colegio de México, 2016. 174 p.: bibl., index. (Colección Testimonios) The title literally translates as Something else about José Gaos. In this book, we fi nd an anthology of the writings of Emilio Uranga (1921–88), a 20th-century existentialist Mexican philosopher. However, the roots of existentialism can be traced to German phenomenology, a school that Spanishborn José Gaos (1900–69) disseminated in Mexico during his exile in the country. That connection may be reflected in the title of the book. That is, the editor takes the writings of Uranga to show something else— namely, the influence of the phenomenological philosophy of José Gaos in Mexico. CENTRAL AMERICA Arias Calderón, Ricardo. Pensamiento político de Ricardo Arias Calderón y otros escritos. See HLAS 75:984.

2247 Mejía Burgos, Otto. Aliados con Martínez: el papel de los intelectuales tras la matanza de 1932. Ultílogo de Marta Casaús Arzú. San Salvador: UCA Editores, 2015. 184 p.: bibl., ill. This work looks closely at the political thought of Salvadoran intellectual Alberto Masferrer. The author examines the roots of that thought, tracing it to the turn of the 20th century. He also offers a novel interpretation of the administration of Maximiliano Hernández Martínez in El Salvador (1931–44), which he considers to

have been an experimental ground for the political philosophy of Masferrer.

2248 Palencia Frener, Sergio Guillermo; Marcelo Zamora; and Mónica Salazar. Del sujeto subalterno al sujeto cosmológico: un espejo para transformarnos. Introducción escrita por Sergio Mendizábal García. Ciudad de Guatemala: Instituto de Estudios Humanísticos, Universidad Rafael Landívar, 2014. 417 p.: bibl. (Cuaderno de investigación; 13) This work brings together three long essays written by different authors and an introduction. The essays have little in common except for two shared features. First, they address topics related to the vast region of Central America. Second, they show an eclectic methodology that combines abstract claims of postcolonial theory in philosophy with remarks about some Latin American historical and sociopolitical problems that fall within the subject matter of the social sciences. 2249 Valiente, Orfi lio Ernesto. Liberation through reconciliation: Jon Sobrino’s Christological spirituality. New York, N.Y.: Fordham University Press, 2016. 289 p.: bibl., index. This work offers a mostly exegetical study of the life and work of Jon Sobrino, a Spanish-born Jesuit priest who developed his own brand of Liberation Theology while performing duties in El Salvador. Valiente’s study traces the origin of Sobrino’s Liberation Theology to his empathy with victims of oppression in Latin America, who in many countries constitute the majority of the people. This book advances the thesis that Sobrino’s liberationist interpretation of Catholic theology was a reaction to the reality he encountered in El Salvador, and more broadly, in Latin America. 2250 Zelaya, Gustavo. José Cecilio del Valle y el utilitarismo. Tegucigalpa: Editorial Universitaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, 2014. 214 p.: bibl. (Colección Raíces) This short monograph makes a significant contribution to the study of moral philosophy in Latin America and especially in Honduras. The author’s investigation focuses on the moral theory of José Cecilio del Valle and reveals the close connection of

Philosophy: Latin American Thought: The Caribbean / 593 this theory with the classical utilitarianism of Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill.

2251 Zurita Tablada, Luis. El ABC de la social democracia: una perspectiva guatemalteca y mundial. Ciudad de Guatemala: Magna Terra Editores, S.A., 2016. 205 p.: bibl., portraits. This eclectic book combines a monograph in which the author argues for the value of liberal democracy in Guatemala since its irruption in the mid-19th century, with a valuable anthology of inaugural political speeches by two former presidents of that country. The volume will be of most interest to historians of contemporary political ideas in Guatemala. THE CARIBBEAN

2252 Antología del pensamiento crítico caribeño contemporáneo: West Indies, Antillas Francesas y Antillas Holandesas. Coordinación de Felix Valdés García. Textos de Cyril Lionel Robert James et al. Buenos Aires: CLACSO, 2017. 605 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Antologías del pensamiento social latinoamericano y caribeño) Valdés García has edited a substantial anthology of texts by some classic authors of Caribbean thought, including Aimé Césaire, Frantz Fanon, and Maurice Bishop. Although the nature of the selections varies greatly, the reader will fi nd accounts of the racial and ethnic heritage of the Caribbean people as well as of the evils of colonialism and imperialism in the region. Accordingly, this anthology falls within the subject matter of political science and race theory. 2253 Brown, Tammy L. City of islands: Caribbean intellectuals in New York. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2015. 273 p.: bibl., ill., index. (Caribbean studies series) This monograph is devoted to the study of the life and work of a number of Caribbean intellectuals in New York City. Its chapters share the fact that these intellectuals have worked on issues of migration, race, and gender that are relevant to Caribbean culture in New York. The book will be of interest to scholars of Latin American studies and anyone wishing to learn about the culture of Caribbean immigrants in the US.

2254 La condición humana en el pensamiento cubano del siglo XX. Tomo 3, Tercer tercio del siglo. Edición de Enid Vian. La Habana: Editorial de Ciencias Sociales, 2014. 1 v.: bibl. This edited volume features 26 essays entirely devoted to the exegetical study of the life and work of Cuban intellectuals who rose to power prominence because of their roles in the Cuban Revolution or in the postrevolutionary period. The reader should expect laudatory essays on canonical figures associated with the Revolution such as Fidel Castro, Ernesto “Che” Guevara, Roberto Fernández Retamar, and many more. For a review of Tomo I, see HLAS 67:1941. 2255 Fernández Viciedo, Yuri. No hay patria sin virtud: Félix Varela ante las libertades públicas. Santiago de Cuba: Editorial Oriente, 2015. 188 p.: bibl. (Bronce colección) This short monograph is devoted entirely to the legacy of Félix Varela, a Catholic priest of the early 19th century, in Cuba’s independence. The author engages in an exegetical investigation of Varela’s political evolution and his influence in Cuban jurisprudence. 2256 Getachew, Adom. Worldmaking after empire: the rise and fall of selfdetermination. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2019. 271 p.: bibl., index. This book looks closely at the work of seven Black intellectuals and statesmen of the past century: Nnamdi Azikiwe, W.E.B. Du Bois, George Padmore, Kwame Nkrumah, Eric Williams, Michael Manley, and Julius Nyerere. They were all from the English-speaking world and each advanced sharp critiques of the colonialist world order. In the course of reconstructing their objections to colonialism, Getachew provides his own critique of that order, together with a comparative analysis of race relations in the Americas. 2257 Quiñones Pérez, Gustavo Adolfo. Sofocracia: el imaginario nacional de los intelectuales puertorriqueños, 1920–1940. Edición de José Carvajal. San Juan: Ediciones Puerto, 2016. 301 p.: bibl. Quiñones Pérez explores some manifestations of political nationalism in

594 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Puerto Rico during the early 20th century. He hypothesizes that they were all fueled by the conception of identity of the people of Puerto Rico. Furthermore, each held its preferred stance as an alternative to Puerto Rican identity as defi ned by the standard political parties of the time. Among the representatives of nationalism that the author considers are academic intellectuals such as Antonio S. Pedreira, Luis Palés Matos, and Tomás Blanco. The book is of interest to historians of ideas in Puerto Rico during the early 20th century.

2258 Ramos Ruiz, Danay. Ni juramentos ni milagros: Raúl Roa en la cultura cubana. La Habana: Editorial UH, 2016. 273 p.: bibl., ill. (some color). (Ciencias sociales y humanidades) This study discusses the life and work of Raúl Roa (1907–82), a high-ranking government official and intellectual of the Cuban Revolution. Since not much is known about the evolution of philosophical ideas during this period of Cuba’s history, the book might be of interest to those who investigate that evolution. Nevertheless, Ramos Ruiz never goes beyond engaging in a mostly exegetical study of Roa. 2259 Sang, Mu-Kien Adriana. Pensando el Caribe. Tomo 1, Artículos publicados en la columna semanal del periódico El Caribe durante los años 2012, 2013 y 2014. Santo Domingo: Editora del Caribe, 2014. 1 v.: bibl., ill. (some color). This book brings together six studies by the author, a historian, on various aspects of Caribbean thought including Caribbean poetry, myths, immigration, and 19th-century political thought. Owing to the relative independence of the themes, different chapters of the volume might be attractive to readers whose interest lies in the fields of philosophy, literary criticism, sociology, or anthropology. 2260 Varona Domínguez, Freddy. Pensamiento marxista cubano: humanismo y actividad. La Habana: Editora Política, 2017. 157 p.: bibl. This book aims at providing an overview of Marxism in Cuba. To that end, it outlines the doctrines of a number of its early advocates dating back to the 1959 Cuban Revolution against the dictator Ful-

gencio Batista that was led by Fidel Castro. Varona Domínguez claims, somehow paraphrasing Jean Paul Sartre, that the evidence he reviews in this book proves that Marxism is a humanism. VENEZUELA

2261 Giussepe Ávalo, Andrés Ramón. Visión petrolera de Hugo Chávez Frías: teoría socialista sobre la política petrolera venezolana. Caracas: Editorial Metrópolis, 2014. 154 p.: bibl. This short monograph offers an analysis of Hugo Chávez’s plan for the exploitation of the oil reserves of Venezuela. Declaring his sympathy for the socialist agenda of Chávez’s administration, Giussepe Ávalo makes little effort to produce a critical account of the short- and long-term results of that plan for the people of Venezuela. 2262 Moreno Olmedo, Alejandro. Obras completas. Tomo 1. Edición de Alexander Campos. Prólogo de Miguel Martínez Miguélez. Caracas: El Estilete, 2016. 1 v.: bibl., ill., indexes. In editing this anthology, Alejandro Campos offers to a wide readership a chance to access many of Alejandro Moreno Olmedo’s writings. This contemporary Catholic theologian, who was born in Spain, produced his theoretical work in Venezuela. Not satisfied by some topics in epistemology and philosophy of science, he attempted to develop alternatives to traditional theories of knowledge and justification, which are heavily influenced by the views of European philosopher of science Michael Polanyi. COLOMBIA

2263 Cataño, Gonzalo. La introducción del pensamiento moderno en Colombia: el caso de Luis E. Nieto Arteta. Bogotá: Universidad Externado de Colombia, 2013. 558 p.: bibl., index. This book offers a detailed study of the work of contemporary Colombian historian and philosopher Luis E. Nieto Arteta. It also addresses the critical reception in Colombia of some European philosophical movements of the past century such as Marxism and German phenomenology. Cataño takes his fi ndings about Nieto Arteta to be indicative of how other contem-

Philosophy: Latin American Thought: Peru / 595 porary intellectuals in Colombia reacted to the same philosophical movements.

2264 Descolonizando mundos: aportes de intelectuales negras y negros al pensamiento social colombiano. Edición y antología de Aurora Vergara-Figueroa et al. Textos de Rogerio Velásquez et al. Buenos Aires: CLACSO, 2017. 621 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Antologías del pensamiento social latinoamericano y caribeño. Serie Pensamientos silenciados) Assembled by several editors, this volume invokes the perspective of postcolonial studies to account for issues of identity, race, and ethnicity in present-day Colombia. Scholars of Afro-Latin America might fi nd some useful insights in the essays even when, considered as a whole, they present as commentaries rather than scholarly investigations owing to their multiple unsupported empirical claims—a problem often evident in the philosophical literature on issues of identity and race in Latin America that is not informed by the social sciences. 2265 Langebaek, Carl Henrik and Natalia Robledo Escobar. Utopías ajenas: evolucionismo, indios e indigenistas: Miguel Triana y el legado de Darwin y Spencer en Colombia. Bogotá: Ediciones Uniandes, 2014. 296 p.: bibl., ill. (some color), index, 1 folded map, CD-ROM. (Antropología) This book offers an excellent source for the study of the reception of positivism and theories of social evolution in Colombia that took place mostly during the second half of the 19th century and fi rst decades of the 20th century. After a discussion of the positivist ideas of Darwin and Spencer and their impact on Latin America, the authors provide sound data and analyses of how intellectuals in Colombia incorporated those ideas. Of special interest is their examination of the development of Miguel Triana’s positivist approach to the rights of Indigenous peoples. ECUADOR

2266 El pensamiento político de inspiración católica. Introducción y selección de Fernando Ponce León, SJ. Quito: Secretaría Nacional de Gestión de la Política, 2014. 264 p.: bibl. (Pensamiento político ecuatoriano)

This anthology offers a selection of writings by five Catholic theologians from Ecuador: Federico González Suárez, Carlos María de la Torre, Julio Tobar Donoso, Pablo Muñoz Vega, and Leonidas Proaño. The volume will be of interest to those studying Liberation Theology and the positions adopted by related movements on the mission of the Latin American Church and its relationship with the states, education, and national and regional integration. PERU

2267 Alarcón, Reynaldo. Psicología de los peruanos en el tiempo y la historia. Presentación de Rubén Ardila. Lima: Universidad Ricardo Palma, Editorial Universitaria, 2017. 236 p.: bibl. In this extensive study of the ethnic, racial, and psychological identity of the people of Peru, Reynaldo Alarcón combines what appears to be sound knowledge of the history of this country with claims about empirical facts based on speculation. His book nonetheless shows how some intellectuals think about the collective and national identity of Peruvians and offers interesting historical data. 2268 Arpini, Adriana. Filosofía, crítica y compromiso en Augusto Salazar Bondy. Lima: Fondo Editorial del Congreso del Perú, 2016. 257 p.: bibl. In this book, Adriana Arpini presents the results of extensive studies of the works of Augusto Salazar Bondy, a Peruvian philosopher of Marxist persuasion whose critique of Latin American philosophy was very influential during the second half of the 20th century. Arpini’s studies bear on that critique because of their focus on Salazar Bondy’s theory of value and his conception of alienation within that theory. After all, according to his critique, cultural alienation (together with economic dependency) is what needs to be overcome in Latin America before an original philosophy can take root and flourish. 2269 Baltes, Peter. José María de Pando y la utopía monárquica. Lima: Fundación Ugarte del Pino, 2014. 176 p.: bibl., ill. In this book, Peter Baltes offers a historical study of the life and writings of a Peruvian figure of the early 19th century,

596 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 José María de Pando. In the course of his stellar career, this jurist, essayist, and politician went from being the state secretary of the Spanish King Fernando VII to occupying various high-ranking posts in the government of his country during the period of national organization that followed the Wars of Independence.

2270 Laverde-Ospina, Alfredo. El posmarxismo como clave de lectura de la crítica e historia literarias latinoamericanas: el caso de José Carlos Mariátegui. (Hist. Soc./ Río Piedras, 32, enero/junio 2017, p. 199– 227, bibl.) In this essay, Laverde-Ospina applies a postmodern theoretical framework to selected developments in Latin American thought and literature during the early 20th century. His efforts are devoted to the interpretation of Peruvian thinker José Carlos Mariátegui’s views about literature and art, which were avant garde and therefore incompatible with his Communist Party’s thought. The confused philosophical framework of the essay often interferes with following its arguments. 2271 Rivero-Ayllón, Teodoro. Haya de la Torre y Vallejo: el cumplimiento de las profecías. Trujillo, Peru: Ediciones Carolina, 2015. 257 p.: bibl., ill. In this short monograph, RiveroAyllón traces the personal relationship between two great figures of Peru’s cultural and political scenes during the early 20th century: Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre and César Vallejo. One was political thinker and activist whose left-leaning politics often served as an excuse for authoritarian governments of Peru to send him into exile; the other was an accomplished avant-garde poet and writer who spent part of his adult life abroad and died in self-imposed exile in Paris. Rivero-Ayllón’s research reveals the concerns of these two figures that cemented their relationship—among which the welfare of Peruvians and more broadly Latin Americans and Spaniards at the time figured prominently. 2272 Salazar Bondy, Augusto. Repensar a Augusto Salazar Bondy: homenaje a los 90 años de su nacimiento. Edición de Joel Rojas Huaynates. Textos de Segundo Montoya Huamani e Oscar Martínez Salirosas.

Lima: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Fondo Editorial, 2015. 204 p.: bibl. Published 90 years after the birth of Salazar Bondy, this book pays homage to the work of this 20th-century Peruvian philosopher who is well known for, among other contributions to Latin American philosophy of education, his skepticism about the quality of that type of philosophy. In fact, Rojas’ book mixes an anthology of Salazar Bondy’s philosophical writings with an edited volume of new essays about his life and work. These essays are written by the editor as well as by Segundo Montoya Huamani and Oscar Martínez Salirosas. BOLIVIA

2273 Antología del pensamiento crítico boliviano contemporáneo. Coordinación de Silvia Rivera Cusicanqui y Virginia Aillón Soria. Textos de Gunnar Mendoza Loza et al. Buenos Aires: CLACSO, 2015. 427 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Antologías del pensamiento social latinoamericano y caribeño) This anthology aims at offering the reader access to some writings by presentday Bolivian thinkers who have opposed the intellectual imperialism of major academic centers of the West. Yet, the selections tend to espouse a version of postcolonial theory, which the authors incorporate into some accounts of the historical and ethnic identity of Bolivia, or critiques of the country’s colonial past, or vindications of its Indigenous peoples’ relationship with the environment. However, some of the writings address the worldviews of the Indigenous peoples of Bolivia. They are therefore of interest because of the data about primary sources that they make available. 2274 García Linera, Álvaro. Forma valor y forma comunidad: aproximación teórica-abstracta a los fundamentos civilizatorios que preceden al Ayllu universal. Quito: Instituto de Altos Estudios Nacionales, la Universidad de Posgrado del Estado; Madrid: Traficantes de Sueños, 2015. 348 p.: bibl. (Prácticas constituyentes; 8) In this monograph, García Linera, vice president of Bolivia during the administration of Evo Morales (2006–2019), reflects on some standard topics of Marxist economics and social science. This lengthy

Philosophy: Latin American Thought: Uruguay / 597 book constitutes an ambitious project whose scope ranges from offering analyses of Marx’s theory about the worth of labor within capitalism to describing his theory of alienation and his views on communal social arrangements. García Linera puts this theoretical framework at the service of evaluating the social and economic problems of the Indigenous groups of Bolivia.

2275 Mansilla, H.C.F. La fi losofía de la historia en la visión de pensadores bolivianos contemporáneos. (Ecuad. Debate, 98, agosto 2016, p. 157–172) Written by a prolific Bolivian thinker, this essay focuses mostly on the philosophy of history of René Zavaleta Mercado, a Bolivian sociologist and political thinker who has greatly influenced the political left of the country. Mansilla is critical of Zavaleta Mercado and his impact on the ideas of Enrique Dussel and other liberation philosophers. 2276 Modernidad, colonialismo y emancipación en América Latina. Edición de Eduardo Rueda y Susana Villavicencio. Buenos Aires: CLACSO, 2018. 334 p.: bibl., 1 ill. (Colección Grupos de Trabajo) Mostly contextualized to Bolivia, this collection contains new essays that attempt to apply a postmodernist point of view to traditional and current issues of political philosophy. Thus, these essays engage in some theory-laden inquiries on the role of women and other political minorities in the constitution of the modern, plurinationalist state of Bolivia under the administration of Evo Morales. Readers should expect a volume sympathetic to the possibility of reproducing Morales’ political experiment elsewhere in Latin America so that a number of plurinationalist states could take root. 2277 Rivera Cusicanqui, Silvia. Sociología de la imagen: miradas ch’ixi desde la historia andina. Buenos Aires: Tinta Limón Ediciones, 2015. 350 p.: bibl., ill. (Colección Nociones comunes) (Serie Ch’ixi) This anthology compiles works that Bolivian historian and feminist sociologist Silvia Rivera Cusicanqui has published from the 1990s on. These works invoke the conceptual framework of postcolonial theory to challenge what Rivera Cusicanqui regards as the traditional approaches of Western

epistemology. As an alternative to those approaches, she proposes a “sociology of image,” a method that combines elements of speculative historical analysis and sociology with considerations of knowledge, morality, and esthetics. By the author’s own acknowledgement, the result is a hybrid of artistic creativity and armchair speculation about colonialism in Latin America and the resistance of the Indigenous peoples. CHILE

2278 Antología del pensamiento crítico chileno contemporáneo. Coordinación de Leopoldo Benavides Navarro, Milton Godoy Orellana y Francisco Vergara Edwards. Textos de Eduardo Frei Montalva et al. Buenos Aires: CLACSO, 2015. 388 p.: bibl. (Colección Antologías del pensamiento social latinoamericano y caribeño) This anthology covers recent political thought in Chile. The essays are written from a variety of perspectives and seem to have little in common except that they all convey the reactions of a present-day political thinker to political development in Chile. For example, one contribution addresses the military dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet and another discusses the Mapuche nation’s demands for compensatory justice. 2279 Onetto Pavez, Mauricio. La Utopía de Moro y la Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, ¿una equivalencia posible? (Magallania/Punta Arenas, 43:1, 2015, p. 37– 51, bibl., ill.) Onetto Pavez has done a close reading of Thomas Moro’s Utopia (originally published in 1516) and the letters of 16th-century explorer Amérigo Vespucci (1451–1512). This essay is devoted to offering evidence for Onetto Pavez’s provocative thesis that those letters actually inspired the location described in Moro’s Utopia because Moro’s description bears an amazing resemblance to the Isla Grande of Tierra del Fuego. URUGUAY

2280 García Bouzas, Raquel. Estudios de historia conceptual del pensamiento político. Montevideo: Universidad de la Repúblucia, CSIC, 2014. 141 p.: bibl. (Biblioteca Plural)

598 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 In this short monograph, García Bouzas offers sound outlines of a number of theoretical approaches to investigations in the areas of historiography and political philosophy. The book makes a serious attempt at applying some of the paradigm accounts of political philosophy to the specific reality of Uruguay. It does so when, for example, it appeals to the conceptual framework of Rawlsian distributive justice in order to analyze a debate within the Partido Colorado and to closely examine the work of a 20th-century historian of Latin American ideas, Arturo Ardao, contending that he was a pioneer of a conceptual approach to the study of history. Streule, Monika and Anke Schwarz. “Not all spaces are territories”: creating other possible urban worlds in and from Latin America—an interview with Raúl Zibechi. See HLAS 75:428. ARGENTINA

2281 Antología del pensamiento crítico argentino contemporáneo. Coordinación de Sergio Caggiano y Alejandro Grimson. Textos de José Aricó et al. Buenos Aires: CLACSO, 2015. 468 p.: bibl. (Colección Antologías del pensamiento social latinoamericano y caribeño) This book provides a solid collection of primary sources for those interested in contemporary philosophical thought in Argentina. The selection of original texts bears on a great variety of topics, from culture and society to economics, history, and politics. It also illustrates the great variety of philosophical and political perspectives of present-day intellectuals in the country. Among the most common preferences are nationalistic populism, several varieties of Marxism, postcolonial theory, and liberation philosophy. 2282 Bonaparte, Luis. Luis Bonaparte: periodismo y libre pensamiento. Selección de Hipólito Guillermo Bolcatto. Santa Fe, Argentina: Hipólito Guillermo Bolcatto, 2014. 371 p.: bibl., ill. Preceded by a substantial introduction, Bolcatto offers a selection of writings from the years 1900 and 1935 by Luis Bonaparte, an early 20th-century figure of journalism and progressive politics who

was particularly influential in the Argentine provinces of Santa Fe and Entre Ríos. Although the book falls short of having any wide historical or philosophical appeal, it might be of interest to readers seeking details about the political fate of an early socialist intellectual from the northeast of Argentina.

2283 Civilización y barbarie: textos, cuerpos y miradas de la “otredad” desde el horizonte hispanoamericano. Edición de Graciela Liliana Ferrás. Córdoba, Argentina: Báez Ediciones, 2014. 286 p.: bibl. The contributions to this edited volume examine the infamous dichotomy of the 19th century featured in the title, civilization and barbarism. The essays address a number of aspects of this dichotomy that have often been neglected—including how women were supposed to fit in it and what Ricardo Rojas and José Vasconcelos, among other Latin American thinkers of the early 20th century, made of it. 2284 Datri, Edgardo. Umbral para educar en la emancipación, la interculturalidad y la decolonialidad de saberes. Rosario, Argentina: Laborde Editor, 2014. 322 p.: bibl., ill. Datri has written an extensive monograph on issues of practical ethics, politics, education, and above all, the environment. By his own recognition, his goal in writing this book was to produce a tool for best answering how a political system might properly relate economics and society with nature. 2285 Entre la iracundia retórica y el acuerdo: el difícil escenario político argentino. Textos de Julio Pinto y Gabriela Rodríguez Rial. Buenos Aires: Eudeba, 2015. 189 p.: bibl., ill. (Temas. Política) This book contains two short monographs, one by Gabriela Rodríguez Rial, the other by Julio Pinto. Each author adopts the theoretical framework of Italian political scientist and philosopher Norberto Bobbio. According to the authors, since Bobbio is the founder of contemporary political science in Italy and his views in political philosophy guided that country’s return to democracy after WWI, an examination of those views can produce sound guidance for the fragile democracies of many Latin American coun-

Philosophy: Latin American Thought: Argentina / 599 tries today, especially Argentina. In search of such political guidance, Rodríguez Rial devotes considerable efforts to the study of the republic in Italy during the 20th and 21st centuries, while Pinto focuses on analyzing the types of problems that can challenge the legitimacy of a government.

2286 Fernández, Luis Diego. Libertinos plebeyos: ensayo, política y placer en Buenos Aires. Buenos Aires: Galerna, 2015. 211 p.: bibl. (Galerna ensayo) Fernández has written a hybrid monograph that lies between literature, history, and philosophical digression. The book presents interesting narratives about how a number of Argentine thinkers address pleasure in their work. However, it does not engage in any deep philosophical inquiry into the nature and ethical justification of hedonism. Ferrás, Graciela Liliana. Ricardo Rojas: nacionalismo, inmigración y democracia. See item 984.

2287 Georgalis, Jonathan Adrián. La constante evolutiva: continuidades y rupturas en el pensamiento de José Ingenieros. Buenos Aires: Compaginado desde TeseoPress, 2018. 153 p.: bibl. This work fi lls a gap in the literature about the philosophical thought of José Ingenieros, one of the leading figures of positivism in Argentina. In contrast to many other positivists of Latin America who were influenced by the ideas of French philosopher Auguste Comte or English philosopher John Stuart Mill, Ingenieros combined the positivism of the utopian socialists with that of the social Darwinists, articulating a social and moral system that Georgalis carefully dissects in this short but highly recommended monograph. 2288 Giani, Juan José. Arturo Jauretche: el profeta de la nación. Con la colaboración de Adriana Puiggrós et al. Buenos Aires: Paso de los Libres, Editorial y Distribuidora, 2015. 189 p.: bibl., ill. This edited volume consists of 15 new essays devoted to investigating the life and work of Arturo Jauretche, an Argentinian essayist, political thinker, and activist of the mid-20th century. Since Jauretche’s own political preference was the nationalism of

Juan Perón, with the rise of new-Peronist movements in Argentina during this century, there has been increased interest in his writings. Partly laudatory and partly historical, Giani’s collection adds to the literature on Jauretche that has increased accordingly.

2289 Goyogana, Francisco M. Sarmiento fi lósofo: introducción a las ideas del prócer. Buenos Aires: Claridad, 2016. 608 p.: bibl., index. In this large volume of over 600 pages, Goyogana outlines the doctrines of numerous Western philosophers whom he argues have had an influence in the philosophical ideas of one of the most significant nation builders of Argentina in the 19th century, Domingo Faustino Sarmiento. However, readers who have philosophical acumen cannot help being skeptic about Goyogana’s claims. After all, although it is true that Sarmiento was an autodidact who had a passion for reading, it is difficult to see in his writings any of the influences that Goyogana ascribes to him, such as Thomas Aquinas, John Locke, Immanuel Kant, Thomas Hobbes, and many more. 2290 Jornadas Internacionales Interdisciplinarias, 20th, Río Cuarto, Argentina, 2015. Ética, discurso, responsabilidad: XX Jornadas Internacionales Interdisciplinarias Río Cuarto, 4, 5 y 6 de noviembre de 2015. Edición de Dorando J. Michelini et al. Río Cuarto, Argentina: EI Ediciones del Icala, 2015. 250 p.: bibl. As the title of this volume suggests, the editors have selected for publication a number of short essays presented at a 2015 conference in Río Cuarto, Argentina. The range of topics that the essays address varies widely from questions of applied ethics to questions of political philosophy in Latin America. As a result, the contributions to this volume do not have much in common other than that they all make judgments of moral accountability for certain actions undertaken by either public officials or individuals. 2291 Jozami, Eduardo. El confl icto que perdura: la idea de pueblo en la tradición liberal argentina. Sáenz Peña, Argentina: EDUNTREF, Editorial de la Universidad Nacional de Tres de Febrero, 2018. 291 p.: bibl.

600 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 In this book, Eduardo Jozami offers an ideological reading of the liberal tradition in the political history of Argentina during the period from the early 19th century to the emergence of Peronism in the mid-20th century. He argues that the liberal tradition is inconsistent because it aims at simultaneously empowering people and limiting their participation in a democratic state. These two goals are surely inconsistent, but Jozami needs to provide more evidence for his assertion that liberalism, as it developed in Argentina, is indeed the appropriate ideology to describe the country’s political history.

2294 Kovadloff, Santiago. Las huellas del rencor: meditaciones de una década autoritaria. Buenos Aires: Emecé, 2015. 281 p. (Cornucopia) This study is mostly devoted to exposing the limits of democracy in Argentina during almost two decades of the 21st century. The author invokes some empirical evidence to argue that the administrations of Néstor Kirchner fi rst, and then Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, had equally negative consequences for the precarious democratic institutions of that country at the turn of the 21st century. According to Kovadloff, during these administrations, the country experienced an increase in political divisiveness, the elimination of dissent, and the use of political power for personal benefit.

2292 Kohan, Néstor. Tradición y cultura crítica en el marxismo argentino. Argentina: Amauta Insurgente Ediciones: Nuestra América, 2016. 232 p.: bibl., ill. This monograph is devoted to the study of central political figures of the Marxist tradition in Argentina during the past century. Its 18 chapters, which are mostly exegetical, nonetheless offer rarely found summaries of the political thought of Marxist figures such as Silvio Frondizi, David Viñas, Rodolfo Walsh, and José Luis Mangieri. The volume offers rarely available data that may be of interest to scholars working on the reception and evolution of Marxism in Argentina, and in Latin America more broadly.

2295 Méndez, Rubens Ramón. El eterno retorno: la re-fundación del país: la descolonialidad del relato forma nación en Héctor A. Murena. Buenos Aires: Compaginado desde TeseoPress, 2018. 180 p.: bibl. This short monograph is devoted to the study of the concept of nationhood in the work of Argentinian writer and essayist Héctor Alberto Murena (1923–75). The study of Murena’s work, conducted from the perspective of postcolonial theory, is mostly evaluative. As such, it does not provide objective reconstructions of views that Murena advanced during his prolific career as essayist and journalist.

2293 Korn, Guillermo. Hijos del pueblo: intelectuales peronistas: de la Internacional a la Marcha. Buenos Aires: Editorial Las Cuarenta, 2017. 325 p.: bibl. (Colección Pampa Aru) This book investigates the political writings of five leading thinkers of early Peronism, a political movement in Argentina that vindicates the policies of a populist form of nationalism. Elías Castelnuovo, César Tiempo, José Gabriel, Jorge Newton, and Luis Horacio Velásquez were active during the years 1945–55, a decade that roughly coincides with the early administration of Juan Perón. These intellectuals generally endorsed Perón’s policies while at the same time keeping some relationships with intellectuals of the political left. Korn’s main concern in this book is the inconsistency of such dual commitments.

2296 Neoliberalismo y fetichización de las relaciones sociales: ¿pueden los conceptos de Marx articularse como parte de un dispositivo de lectura para una ontología del presente? Coordinación de Susana Murillo. Buenos Aires: Ediciones Luxemburg: Instituto de Investigaciones Gino Germani, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 2018. 258 p.: bibl., ill. This collection of new essays aims at updating the conceptual framework of Marxism and putting it at the service of accounting for social and economic relations that are novel and characteristic of the present century. Some of the essays use Marxist categories in their analyses of specific socioeconomic developments in Argentina today, while others deploy them in broad critiques of the neoliberal and neomercantile currents that they identify as part of the global order.

Philosophy: Latin American Thought: Argentina / 601

2297 Un pasado criminal: Sudáfrica y Argentina, argumentos y documentos para el debate. Compilación de Lucas G. Martín. Buenos Aires: Katz: EUDEBA, 2017. 227 p.: bibl. (Discusiones) In editing this book, Lucas Martín contributes to the ethical literature on the nature and constraints of justice for institutional wrongdoings in developing nations. The compilation features essays addressing complex moral issues concerning retributive justice and reparations for past injustices. The essays are intended to be tools for adequately answering this central moral question: Is it possible for the functionaries of the military junta that governed Argentina from 1976 to 1983 to receive the punishment they deserve for past wrongdoings without weakening Argentina’s frail democracy? In addition to essays that discuss this question, the volume also offers a selection of political commentary and documents written in South Africa during the two decades of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. 2298 El pensamiento nacional: ensayos: homenaje al maestro Arturo Jauretche. Coordinación de Maximiliano Pedranzini. Buenos Aires: Punto de Encuentro, 2015. 244 p.: bibl. The contributions in this edited volume of new essays look closely at different aspects of the life and work of Arturo Jauretche. In the book’s title, the editor shows his sympathies for the populist nationalism of Jauretche by referring to him as a “maestro” (“master”). Similarly, the contributors, mostly literary writers and journalists, consistently show a tendency to sympathize with Jauretche’s political outlook. The results are ideology-laden contributions that fall short of providing the critical analyses of Jauretche’s political thought that meet scholarly standards. 2299 Petra, Adriana. Intelectuales y cultura comunista: itinerarios, problemas y debates en la Argentina de posguerra. Buenos Aires: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2017. 441 p.: bibl., index. (Sección de obras de historia) In this monograph, Adriana Petra carries out a detailed investigation of Argentine intellectuals who were members of the Communist Party during the period

from the fi nal years of WWII to the 1960s. She looks closely at their relationships with each other and with intellectuals of similar political persuasions elsewhere in the world. Her thesis, based on abundant textual evidence, is that, in opposition to the image of unity projected by the Communist Party of Argentina, its most prominent intellectuals disagree with each other on some fundamental issues of politics and culture.

2300 Polémicas intelectuales, debates políticos: las revistas culturales en el siglo XX. Bajo la dirección de Leticia Prislei. Buenos Aires: Editorial de la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 2015. 442 p.: bibl. (Colección Libros de cátedra) This edited volume brings together contributions devoted to the analysis of cultural and/or political magazines in Argentina during the 20th century with an emphasis on the sociopolitical context of their production and reception. The magazines under scrutiny include Sur during the fi rst half of that century and Pasado y Presente and Cristianismo y Revolución during the second half. 2301 Pulleiro, Adrián. Liberales, populistas y heterodoxos. Prólogo de Lucas Rubinich. Buenos Aires: Batalla de Ideas, 2017. 365 p.: bibl. (Colección Estudios sobre la Argentina contemporánea) This book is devoted to the analysis of historical data concerning how some Argentine intellectuals responded to recent events that affected the country’s social and economic structure such as the fi nancial crisis of 2001–2002. Pulleiro should be credited for not only maintaining neutrality in his investigation of the heated debates covered in this book, but also for supporting the claims he makes with abundant textual evidence. This substantial monograph may be of interest to historians of Latin America’s recent intellectual history. 2302 Ricca, Guillermo. Nada por perdido: política en José María Aricó: un ensayo de lectura. Río Cuarto, Argentina: UniRío Editora, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, 2016. 340 p.: bibl. (Colección Académico-científica) This monograph addresses the life and thought of José María Aricó, an intellec-

602 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 tual from the Argentine province of Córdoba, who under the influence of Marxism developed his own political thought. Although Guillermo Ricca conducts mostly an exegetical investigation, his fi ndings may be of interest in studies of the history of socialism and Marxism in Argentina.

2303 Romero, Francisco. Epistolario: selección. Edición y notas por Clara Alicia Jalif de Bertranou. Introducción por Juan Carlos Torchia Estrada. Buenos Aires: Corregidor, 2017. 1007 p.: bibl. This work offers a voluminous collection of the letters of Francisco Romero, a Spanish-born philosopher of the early 20th century who played a prominent role among the so-called founders (“fundadores”) of Latin American philosophy. Opening with an introduction by Juan Carlos Torchia Estrada that provides a comprehensive outline of Romero’s philosophical doctrines, this book offers readers already interested in some of those doctrines unique access to primary sources. The collection would be most valuable in research about Romero himself, the founders in general, and the

contemporary origin of Latin American philosophy.

2304 Rozitchner, León. Escritos políticos. Buenos Aires: Ediciones Biblioteca Nacional, 2015. 556 p. (Obras León Rozitchner) This book provides a comprehensive anthology of letters, notes, speeches, and other miscellaneous writings of León Rozitchner, a contemporary political thinker of Argentina who identifies himself with the nationalist-populist tradition of the political movement originally led by Juan Perón. Although the volume does not provide the name of the editor or editors of these writings, it is plausible that the work was supervised by Horacio González, the director of the Biblioteca Nacional at the time of publication of the book. It should be noted that Rozitchner’s writings are not considered scholarly work. Rather, they fall within the category of spontaneous commentaries on topics concerning neoliberalism, Christianity, the political left, and above all, Peronism in general and its current Kirchnerist brand in particular.

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS Except for journal abbreviations which are listed: 1) after each journal title in the Title List of Journals Indexed (p. 613); and 2) in the Abbreviation List of Journals Indexed (p. 619).

ALADI a. ABC A.C. ACAR AD A.D. ADESG AGI AGN AID a.k.a. Ala. ALALC ALEC ANAPO ANCARSE ANCOM ANDI ANPOCS ANUC ANUIES AP APRA ARENA Ariz. Ark. ASA ASSEPLAN Assn. Aufl. AUFS Aug. aum. b. B.A.R. BBE b.c. BC bibl(s).

Asociación Latinoamericana de Integración annual Argentina, Brazil, Chile antes de Cristo Associação de Crédito e Assistência Rural, Brazil Anno Domini Acción Democrática, Venezuela Associação dos Diplomados de Escola Superior de Guerra, Brazil Archivo General de Indias, Sevilla Archivo General de la Nación Agency for International Development, US also known as Alabama Asociación Latinoamericana de Libre Comercio Atlas lingüístico etnográfico de Colombia Alianza Nacional Popular, Colombia Associação Nordestina de Crédito e Assistência Rural de Sergipe, Brazil Andean Common Market Asociación Nacional de Industriales, Colombia Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Ciências Sociais, São Paulo Asociación Nacional de Usuarios Campesinos, Colombia Asociación Nacional de Universidades e Institutos de Enseñanza Superior, Mexico Acción Popular Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana, Peru Aliança Renovadora Nacional, Brazil Arizona Arkansas Association of Social Anthropologists of the Commonwealth, London Assessoria de Planejamento e Acompanhamento, Recife, Brazil Association Auflage (edition, edición) American Universities Field Staff Reports, Hanover, N.H. August, Augustan aumentada born (nació) British Archaeological Reports Bibliografia Brasileira de Educação indicates dates obtained by radiocarbon methods Before Christ bibliography(ies)

604 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 BID BNDE BNH BP b/w C14 ca. CACM CADE CAEM Calif. cap. CARC CARICOM CARIFTA CBC CBD CBI CD CDHES CDI CEB CEBRAP CECORA CEDAL CEDE CEDEPLAR CEDES CEDI CEDLA CEESTEM CELADE CELADEC CELAM CEMLA CENDES CENIDIM CENIET CEOSL CEPADE CEPA-SE CEPAL CEPLAES CERES CES cf. CFI CGE CGTP chap(s). CHEAR Cía.

Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico, Brazil Banco Nacional de Habitação, Brazil before present black and white Carbon 14 circa (about) Central American Common Market Conferencia Anual de Ejecutivos de Empresas, Peru Centro de Altos Estudios Militares, Peru California capítulo Centro de Arte y Comunicación, Buenos Aires Caribbean Common Market Caribbean Free Trade Association Christian base communities central business district Caribbean Basin Initiative Christian Democrats, Chile Comisión de Derechos Humanos de El Salvador Conselho de Desenvolvimento Industrial, Brasília comunidades eclesiásticas de base Centro Brasileiro de Análise e Planejamento, São Paulo Centro de Cooperativas de la Reforma Agraria, Colombia Centro de Estudios Democráticos de América Latina, Costa Rica Centro de Estudios sobre Desarrollo Económico, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá Centro de Desenvolvimento e Planejamento Regional, Belo Horizonte Centro de Estudios de Estado y Sociedad, Buenos Aires; Centro de Estudos de Educação e Sociedade, São Paulo Centro Ecumênico de Documentos e Informação, São Paulo Centro de Estudios y Documentación Latinoamericanos, Amsterdam Centro de Estudios Económicos y Sociales del Tercer Mundo, México Centro Latinoamericano de Demografía Comisión Evangélica Latinoamericana de Educación Cristiana Consejo Episcopal Latinoamericano Centro de Estudios Monetarios Latinoamericanos, Mexico Centro de Estudios del Desarrollo, Venezuela Centro Nacional de Información, Documentación e Investigación Musicales, Mexico Centro Nacional de Información y Estadísticas del Trabajo, Mexico Confederación Ecuatoriana de Organizaciones Sindicales Libres Centro Paraguayo de Estudios de Desarrollo Económico y Social Comissão Estadual de Planejamento Agrícola, Sergipe Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe Centro de Planificación y Estudios Sociales, Quito Centro de Estudios de la Realidad Económica y Social, Bolivia constant elasticity of substitution compare Consejo Federal de Inversiones, Buenos Aires Confederación General Económica, Argentina Confederación General de Trabajadores del Perú chapter(s) Council on Higher Education in the American Republics Compañía

Abbreviations and Acronyms / 605 CIA CIDA CIDE CIDIAG CIE CIEDLA CIEDUR CIEPLAN CIESE CIMI CINTERFOR CINVE CIP CIPCA CIPEC CLACSO CLASC CLE cm CNI CNPq Co. COB COBAL CODEHUCA Col. col. Colo. COMCORDE comp(s). CONCLAT CONCYTEC CONDESE Conn. COPEI CORFO CORP Corp. corr. CP CPDOC CRIC CSUTCB CTM CUNY CUT

CVG

Central Intelligence Agency, US Comité Interamericano de Desarrollo Agrícola Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de la Educación, Chile; Centro de Investigación y Docencias Económicas, Mexico Centro de Información y Desarrollo Internacional de Autogestión, Lima Centro de Investigaciones Económicas, Buenos Aires Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios sobre el Desarrollo Latinoamericano, Buenos Aires Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios sobre el Desarrollo Uruguay, Montevideo Corporación de Investigaciones Económicas para América Latina, Santiago Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Socioeconómicos, Quito Conselho Indigenista Missionário, Brazil Centro Interamericano de Investigación y Documentación sobre Formación Profesional Centro de Investigaciones Económicas, Montevideo Conselho Interministerial de Preços, Brazil Centro de Investigación y Promoción del Campesinado, Bolivia Consejo Intergubernamental de Países Exportadores de Cobre, Santiago Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales, Secretaría Ejecutiva, Buenos Aires Confederación Latinoamericana Sindical Cristiana Comunidad Latinoamericana de Escritores, Mexico centimeter Confederação Nacional da Indústria, Brazil Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas, Brazil Company Central Obrera Boliviana Companhia Brasileira de Alimentos Comisión para la Defensa de los Derechos Humanos en Centroamérica Collection, Colección, Coleção colored, coloured Colorado Comisión Coordinadora para el Desarrollo Económico, Uruguay compiler(s), compilador(es) Congresso Nacional das Classes Trabalhadoras, Brazil Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (Peru) Conselho de Desenvolvimento Econômico de Sergipe, Brazil Connecticut Comité Organizador Pro-Elecciones Independientes, Venezuela Corporación de Fomento de la Producción, Chile Corporación para el Fomento de Investigaciones Económicas, Colombia Corporation, Corporación corrected, corregida Communist Party Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação, Brazil Consejo Regional Indígena del Cauca, Colombia Confederación Sindical Única de Trabajadores Campesinos de Bolivia Confederación de Trabajadores de México City University of New York Central Única de Trabajadores (Mexico); Central Única dos Trabalhadores (Brazil); Central Unitaria de Trabajadores (Chile; Colombia); Confederación Unitaria de Trabajadores (Costa Rica) Corporación Venezolana de Guayana

606 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 d. DANE DC d.C. Dec./déc. Del. dept. depto. DESCO Dez./dez. dic. disc. DNOCS doc. Dr. Dra. DRAE ECLAC

died (murió) Departamento Nacional de Estadística, Colombia Demócratas Cristianos, Chile después de Cristo December, décembre Delaware department departamento Centro de Estudios y Promoción del Desarrollo, Lima Dezember, dezembro diciembre, dicembre discography Departamento Nacional de Obras Contra as Secas, Brazil document, documento Doctor Doctora Diccionario de la Real Academia Española UN Economic Commision for Latin America and the Caribbean, New York and Santiago ECOSOC UN Economic and Social Council ed./éd.(s) edition(s), édition(s), edición(es), editor(s), redactor(es), director(es) EDEME Editora Emprendimentos Educacionais, Florianópolis, Brazil Edo. Estado EEC European Economic Community EE.UU. Estados Unidos de América EFTA European Free Trade Association e.g. exempio gratia (for example, por ejemplo) ELN Ejército de Liberación Nacional, Colombia ENDEF Estudo Nacional da Despesa Familiar, Brazil ERP Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, El Salvador ESG Escola Superior de Guerra, Brazil estr. estrenado et al. et alia (and others) ETENE Escritório Técnico de Estudos Econômicos do Nordeste, Brazil ETEPE Escritório Técnico de Planejamento, Brazil EUDEBA Editorial Universitaria de Buenos Aires EWG Europaische Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft. See EEC. facsim(s). facsimile(s) FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FDR Frente Democrático Revolucionario, El Salvador FEB Força Expedicionária Brasileira Feb./feb. February, Februar, febrero, febbraio FEDECAFE Federación Nacional de Cafeteros, Colombia FEDESARROLLO Fundación para la Educación Superior y el Desarrollo fev./fév. fevereiro, février ff. following FGTS Fundo de Garantia do Tempo de Serviço, Brazil FGV Fundação Getúlio Vargas FIEL Fundación de Investigaciones Económicas Latinoamericanas, Argentina fi lm. fi lmography fl. flourished Fla. Florida FLACSO Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales FMI Fondo Monetario Internacional FMLN Frente Farabundo Martí de Liberación Nacional, El Salvador

Abbreviations and Acronyms / 607 fold. fol(s). FPL FRG FSLN ft. FUAR FUCVAM FUNAI FUNARTE FURN Ga. GAO GATT GDP GDR GEIDA gen. Gen. GMT GPA GPO h. ha. HLAS HMAI Hnos. HRAF IBBD IBGE IBRD ICA ICAIC ICCE ICE ICSS ICT id. IDB i.e. IEL IEP IERAC IFAD IICA III IIN ILDIS ill. Ill. ILO IMES IMF Impr.

folded folio(s) Fuerzas Populares de Liberación Farabundo Marti, El Salvador Federal Republic of Germany Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional, Nicaragua foot, feet Frente Unido de Acción Revolucionaria, Colombia Federación Unificadora de Cooperativas de Vivienda por Ayuda Mutua, Uruguay Fundação Nacional do Indio, Brazil Fundação Nacional de Arte, Brazil Fundação Universidade Regional do Nordeste Georgia General Accounting Office, Wahington General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade gross domestic product German Democratic Republic Grupo Executivo de Irrigação para o Desenvolvimento Agrícola, Brazil gennaio General Greenwich Mean Time grade point average Government Printing Office, Washington hijo hectares, hectáreas Handbook of Latin American Studies Handbook of Middle American Indians hermanos Human Relations Area Files, Inc., New Haven, Conn. Instituto Brasileiro de Bibliografia e Documentação Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Rio de Janeiro International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank) Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario Instituto Cubano de Arte e Industria Cinematográfica Instituto Colombiano de Construcción Escolar International Cultural Exchange Instituto Colombiano de Seguridad Social Instituto de Crédito Territorial, Colombia idem (the same as previously mentioned or given) Inter-American Development Bank id est (that is, o sea) Instituto Euvaldo Lodi, Brazil Instituto de Estudios Peruanos Instituto Ecuatoriano de Reforma Agraria y Colonización International Fund for Agricultural Development Instituto Interamericano de Ciencias Agrícolas, San José Instituto Indigenista Interamericana, Mexico Instituto Indigenista Nacional, Guatemala Instituto Latinoamericano de Investigaciones Sociales illustration(s) Illinois International Labour Organization, Geneva Instituto Mexicano de Estudios Sociales International Monetary Fund Imprenta, Imprimérie

608 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 in. INAH INBA Inc. INCORA Ind. INEP INI INIT INPES/IPEA INTAL IPA IPEA IPES/GB IPHAN ir. IS ITESM ITT Jan./jan. JLP Jr. JUC JUCEPLAN Kan. KITLV km Ky. La. LASA LP Ltd(a). m m. M MA MACLAS MAPU MARI MAS Mass. MCC Md. MDB Me. MEC Mich. mimeo min. Minn. MIR Miss.

inches Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes, Mexico Incorporated Instituto Colombiano de Reforma Agraria Indiana Instituto Nacional de Estudios Pedagógicos, Brazil Instituto Nacional Indigenista, Mexico Instituto Nacional de Industria Turística, Cuba Instituto de Planejamento Econômico e Social, Brazil Instituto para la Integración de América Latina Instituto de Pastoral Andina, Universidad de San Antonio de Abad, Seminario de Antropología, Cusco, Peru Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Brazil Instituto de Pesquisas e Estudos Sociais, Guanabara, Brazil Instituto de Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional, Brazil irregular Internacional Socialista Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Mexico International Telephone and Telegraph January, Januar, janeiro, janvier Jamaican Labour Party Junior, Júnior Juventude Universitária Católica, Brazil Junta Central de Planificación, Cuba Kansas Koninklijk Instituut voor Tall-, Land- en Volkenkunde (Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology) kilometers, kilómetros Kentucky Louisiana Latin American Studies Association long-playing record Limited, Limitada meters, metros murió (died) mille, mil, thousand Master of Arts Middle Atlantic Council of Latin American Studies Movimiento de Acción Popular Unitario, Chile Middle American Research Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, La. Movimiento al Socialismo, Venezuela Massachusetts Mercado Común Centro-Americano Maryland Movimiento Democrático Brasileiro Maine Ministério de Educação e Cultura, Brazil Michigan mimeographed, mimeografiado minutes, minutos Minnesota Movimiento de Izquierda Revolucionaria, Chile and Venezuela Mississippi

Abbreviations and Acronyms / 609 MIT ml MLN mm. MNC MNI MNR Mo. MOBRAL MOIR Mont. MRL ms. MS msl MST n. NBER N.C. N.D. NE Neb. neubearb. Nev. n.f. NGO N.H. NIEO NIH N.J. NJM N.M. no(s). NOEI NOSALF Nov./nov. NSF NW N.Y. OAB OAS OCLC Oct./oct. ODEPLAN OEA OECD OIT Okla. Okt. ONUSAL op. OPANAL OPEC OPEP

Massachusetts Institute of Technology milliliter Movimiento de Liberación Nacional millimeter multinational corporation minimum number of individuals Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario, Bolivia Missouri Movimento Brasileiro de Alfabetização Movimiento Obrero Independiente y Revolucionario, Colombia Montana Movimiento Revolucionario Liberal, Colombia manuscript Master of Science mean sea level Movimento Sem Terra; Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra nació (born) National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass. North Carolina North Dakota Northeast Nebraska neubearbeitet (revised, corregida) Nevada neue Folge (new series) nongovernmental organization New Hampshire New International Economic Order National Institutes of Health, Washington New Jersey New Jewel Movement, Grenada New Mexico number(s), número(s) Nuevo Orden Económico Internacional Scandinavian Committee for Research in Latin America November, noviembre, novembre, novembro National Science Foundation Northwest New York Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil Organization of American States Online Computer Library Center October, octubre, octobre Oficina de Planificación Nacional, Chile Organización de los Estados Americanos Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development Organización Internacional del Trabajo Oklahoma Oktober United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador opus Organismo para la Proscripción de las Armas Nucleares en América Latina Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries Organización de Países Exportadores de Petróleo

610 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 OPIC Or. OREALC ORIT ORSTOM ott. out. p. Pa. PAN PC PCCLAS PCN PCP PCR PCV PD PDC PDS PDT PDVSA PEMEX PETROBRAS PIMES PIP PLN PMDB PNAD PNC PNM PNP pop. port(s). PPP PRD PREALC PRI Prof. PRONAPA PRONASOL prov. PS PSD pseud. PT pt(s). PTB pub. PUC PURSC q. rev. R.I. s.a.

Overseas Private Investment Corporation, Washington Oregon Oficina Regional de Educación para América Latina y el Caribe Organización Regional Interamericana del Trabajo Office de la recherche scientifique et technique outre-mer (France) ottobre outubro page(s) Pennsylvania Partido Acción Nacional, Mexico Partido Comunista Pacific Coast Council on Latin American Studies Partido de Conciliación Nacional, El Salvador Partido Comunista del Perú Partido Comunista Revolucionario, Chile and Argentina Partido Comunista de Venezuela Partido Democrático Partido Demócrata Cristiano, Chile Partido Democrático Social, Brazil Partido Democrático Trabalhista, Brazil Petróleos de Venezuela, S.A. Petróleos Mexicanos Petróleo Brasileiro Programa Integrado de Mestrado em Economia e Sociologia, Brazil Partido Independiente de Puerto Rico Partido Liberación Nacional, Costa Rica Partido do Movimento Democrático Brasileiro Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra Domiciliar, Brazil People’s National Congress, Guyana People’s National Movement, Trinidad and Tobago People’s National Party, Jamaica population portrait(s) purchasing power parities; People’s Progressive Party of Guyana Partido Revolucionario Dominicano Programa Regional del Empleo para América Latina y el Caribe, Organización Internacional del Trabajo, Santiago Partido Revolucionario Institucional, Mexico Professor, Profesor(a) Programa Nacional de Pesquisas Arqueológicas, Brazil Programa Nacional de Solidaridad, Mexico province, provincia Partido Socialista, Chile Partido Social Democrático, Brazil pseudonym, pseudónimo Partido dos Trabalhadores, Brazil part(s), parte(s) Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro published, publisher Pontifícia Universidade Católica; Pontificia Universidad Católica Partido Unido de la Revolución Socialista de Cuba quarterly revisada, revista, revised Rhode Island semiannual

Abbreviations and Acronyms / 611 SALALM SATB sd. s.d. S.D. SDR SE SELA SEMARNAP SENAC SENAI SEP SEPLA Sept./sept. SES SESI set. SI SIECA SIL SINAMOS S.J. s.l. s.n. SNA SPP SPVEA sq. SSRC STENEE SUDAM SUDENE SUFRAMA SUNY SW t. TAT TB Tenn. Tex. TG TL TNE TNP trans. UABC UCA UCLA UDN UFG UFPb UFSC

Seminar on the Acquisition of Latin American Library Materials soprano, alto, tenor, bass sound sine datum (no date, sin fecha) South Dakota special drawing rights Southeast Sistema Económico Latinoamericano Secretaria de Medio Ambiente, Recursos Naturales y Pesca, Mexico Serviço Nacional de Aprendizagem Comercial, Rio de Janeiro Serviço Nacional de Aprendizagem Industrial, São Paulo Secretaría de Educación Pública, Mexico Seminario Permanente sobre Latinoamérica, Mexico September, septiembre, septembre socioeconomic status Serviço Social da Indústria, Brazil setembro, settembre Socialist International Secretaría Permanente del Tratado General de Integración Económica Centroamericana Summer Institute of Linguistics (Instituto Lingüístico de Verano) Sistema Nacional de Apoyo a la Movilización Social, Peru Society of Jesus sine loco (place of publication unknown) sine nomine (publisher unknown) Sociedad Nacional de Agricultura, Chile Secretaría de Programación y Presupuesto, Mexico Superintendência do Plano de Valorização Econômica da Amazônia, Brazil square Social Sciences Research Council, New York Empresa Nacional de Energía Eléctrica. Sindicato de Trabajadores, Honduras Superintendência de Desenvolvimento da Amazônia, Brazil Superintendência de Desenvolvimento do Nordeste, Brazil Superintendência da Zona Franca de Manaus, Brazil State University of New York Southwest tomo(s), tome(s) Thematic Apperception Test tuberculosis Tennessee Texas transformational generative Thermoluminescent Transnational enterprise Tratado de No Proliferación translator Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Universidad Centroamericana José Simeón Cañas, San Salvador University of California, Los Angeles União Democrática Nacional, Brazil Universidade Federal de Goiás Universidade Federal de Paraíba Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina

612 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 UK UN UNAM UNCTAD UNDP UNEAC UNESCO UNI/UNIND UNICEF univ(s). uniw. Unltd. UP URD URSS UNISA US USAID USIA USSR UTM UWI v. Va. V.I. viz. vol(s). vs. Vt. W.Va. Wash. Wis. WPA WWI WWII Wyo. yr(s).

United Kingdom United Nations Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México United Nations Conference on Trade and Development United Nations Development Programme Unión de Escritores y Artistas de Cuba United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization União das Nações Indígenas United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund university(ies), universidad(es), universidade(s), université(s), universität(s), universitá(s) uniwersytet (university) Unlimited Unidad Popular, Chile Unidad Revolucionaria Democrática Unión de Repúblicas Soviéticas Socialistas University of South Africa United States See AID. United States Information Agency Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Universal Transverse Mercator University of the West Indies volume(s), volumen (volúmenes) Virginia Virgin Islands videlicet (that is, namely) volume(s), volumen (volúmenes) versus Vermont West Virginia Washington Wisconsin Working People’s Alliance, Guyana World War I World War II Wyoming year(s)

TITLE LIST OF JOURNALS INDEXED For journal titles listed by abbreviation, see Abbreviation List of Journals Indexed, p. 619.

A Contracorriente. North Carolina State University, Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures. Raleigh. (Contracorriente/Raleigh) Acervo. Arquivo Nacional. Rio de Janeiro. (Acervo/Rio de Janeiro) Acta Musicológica. Société Internationale de Musicologie/Internationale Gesellschaft für Musikwissenschaft/International Musicological Society; Bärenreiter. Basel, Switzerland. (Acta Musicol.) Acta Universitaria. Universidad de Guanajuato, Dirección de Investigación y Posgrado. Guanajuato, Mexico. (Acta Universitaria) Afro-Asia. Universidade Federal da Bahia, Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Centro de Estudos AfroOrientais. Salvador, Brazil. (Afro-Asia/ Salvador) The American Historical Review. Indiana University at Bloomington. Bloomington. (Am. Hist. Rev.) The Americas: A Quarterly Review of Inter-American Cultural History. Catholic University of America, Academy of American Franciscan History; Catholic University of America Press. Washington, D.C. (Americas/Washington) Anais do Museu Paulista: História e Cultura Material. Museu Paulista. São Paulo. (An. Mus. Paul.) Anales del Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas. UNAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas. Ciudad de México. (An. Inst. Invest. Estét.) Ancient Mesoamerica. Cambridge University Press. New York; Cambridge, England. (Anc. Mesoam.) Annales: histoire, sciences sociales. L’École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales. Paris. (Ann. hist. sci. soc.)

Antiquity. Antiquity Publications Ltd. Cambridge, England. (Antiquity/ Cambridge) Anuário Antropológico. Edições Tempo Brasileiro Ltda. Rio de Janeiro. (Anu. Antropol./Tempo) Anuario Colombiano de Historia Social y de la Cultura. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, Departamento de Historia. Bogotá. (Anu. Colomb. Hist. Soc. Cult.) Anuario de Estudios Americanos. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Escuela de Estudios Hispano-Americanos. Sevilla, Spain. (Anu. Estud. Am.) Anuario de Estudios Bolivianos, Archivísticos y Bibliográficos. Ediciones Archivo y Biblioteca Nacionales de Bolivia. Sucre, Bolivia. (Anu. Estud. Boliv. Arch. Bibliogr.) ArtCultura. Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Departamento de História, Núcleo de Estudos em História Social da Arte e da Cultura. Uberlândia, Brazil. (ArtCultura/Uberlândia) Boletín Cultural y Bibliográfico. Banco de la República, Biblioteca Luis-Angel Arango. Bogotá. (Bol. Cult. Bibliogr.) Boletín de la Academia Nacional de la Historia. Caracas. (Bol. Acad. Nac. Hist./ Caracas) Boletín del Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino. Santiago, Chile. (Bol. Mus. Chil. Arte Precolomb.) Bulletin de l’Institut français d’études andines. Lima. (Bull. Inst. fr. étud. andin.) Bulletin de la Société d’histoire de la Guadeloupe. Archives départamentales avec le concours du Conseil général de la Guadeloupe. Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe. (Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe)

614 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Cahiers d’ethnomusicologie. Ateliers d’ethnomusicologie. Geneva. (Cah. ethnomusicol.) Caravelle: Cahiers du monde hispanique et luso-brésilien. Université de Toulouse, Institute d’études hispaniques, hispanoamericaines et luso-brésiliennes. Toulouse, France. (Caravelle/Toulouse) Caribbean Studies. Universidad de Puerto Rico, Instituto de Estudios del Caribe. Río Piedras, Puerto Rico. (Caribb. Stud.) Ciencia Nicolaita. Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Coordinación de Investigación Científica. Morelia, Mexico. (Cienc. Nicolaita) Claves. Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Música. João Pessoa, Brazil. (Claves/João Pessoa) Colonial Latin American Review. City University of New York (CUNY), City College, Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures, Simon H. Rifkind Center for the Humanities. New York; Carfax Publishing, Taylor & Francis, Ltd. Abingdon, England. (Colon. Lat. Am. Rev.) CR: The New Centennial Review. Michigan State University, College of Science and Arts. East Lansing, Mich. (CR) Cuadernos de Antropología. Universidad de Costa Rica, Departamento de Antropología, Laboratorio de Etnología. San José. (Cuad. Antropol./San José) Cuadernos de Iconografía Musical. UNAM. Ciudad de México. (Cuad. Iconogr. Mus.) Cuadernos de Investigación Musical. Centro de Investigación y Documentación Musical (CIDoM)-Unidad Asociada al CSIC de la Universidad de Castilla-la Mancha. Ciudad Real, Spain. (Cuad. Investig. Musical) Cuadernos de Música Iberoamericana. Consejo Iberoamericano de la Música (CIMUS); Instituto Complutense de Ciencias Musicales (Madrid); Sociedad General de Autores y Editores. Spain. (Cuad. Mús. Iberoam.) Cuadernos del CLAEH. Centro Latinoamericano de Economía Humana. Montevideo. (Cuad. CLAEH) Cuban Studies. University of Pittsburgh Press. Pittsburgh, Pa. (Cuba. Stud.) Current Musicology. Columbia University. New York. (Curr. Musicol.)

Desarrollo Económico: Revista de Ciencias Sociales. Instituto de Desarrollo Económico y Social. Buenos Aires. (Desarro. Econ.) Diagonal: Journal of the Center for Iberian and Latin American Music. University of California Riverside, Center for Iberian and Latin American Music. Riverside, Calif. (Diagonal) Early Modern French Studies. Maney Publishing. Leeds, England; Routledge, Taylor & Francis. Abingdon, England. (Early Mod. French Stud.) Economic History Review. Blackwell Pub. Oxford, England. (Econ. Hist. Rev.) Ecuador Debate. Centro Andino de Acción Popular. Quito. (Ecuad. Debate) Estudios Bandísticos: Órgano Científico de la Asociación Nacional de Directores de Banda. Asociación Nacional de Directores de Banda. Yecla, Spain. (Estud. Bandísticos) Estudios de Cultura Náhuatl. UNAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas. Ciudad de México. (Estud. Cult. Náhuatl) Estudios Migratorios Latinoamericanos. Centro de Estudios Migratorios Latinoamericanos. Buenos Aires. (Estud. Migr. Latinoam.) Estudos Econômicos. Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Economia, Administração e Contabilidade, Fundação Instituto de Pesquisas Econômicas. São Paulo. (Estud. Econ./São Paulo) Estudos Históricos. Fundação Getulio Vargas, Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil. Rio de Janeiro. (Estud. Hist./Rio de Janeiro) Ethnohistory. American Society for Ethnohistory; Duke University Press. Durham, N.C. (Ethnohistory) Ethnomusicology. University of Illinois Press. Champaign. (Ethnomusicology/ Champaign) Études grégoriennes. Éditions Abbaye Saint Pierre de Solesmes. Solesmes, France. (Étud. grégor.) Fronteras de la Historia. Instituto Colombiano de Antropología e Historia. Bogotá. (Front. Hist.) Geographica Helvetica. Kümmerly & Frey. Bern, Switzerland. (Geogr. Helv.)

Title List of Journals Indexed / 615 Hispanic American Historical Review. Duke University Press. Durham, N.C. (HAHR) Historia. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Facultad de Historia, Geografía y Ciencia Política, Instituto de Historia. Santiago. (Historia/Santiago) História Ciências Saúde: Manguinhos. Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Casa de Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro. (Hist. Ciênc. Saúde Manguinhos) Historia Crítica. Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Departamento de Historia. Bogotá. (Hist. Crít./ Bogotá) Historia Mexicana. El Colegio de México, Centro de Estudios Históricos. Ciudad de México. (Hist. Mex./México) História: Questões e Debates. Editora UFPR; Universidade Federal do Paraná, Programa de Pós-Graduação em História; Associação Paraense de História. Curitiba, Brazil. (Hist. Quest. Debates) Historia y Sociedad. Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Económicas, Departamento de Historia. Medellín, Colombia. (Hist. Soc./Medellín) Historia y Sociedad. Universidad de Puerto Rico, Departamento de Historia. Río Piedras. (Hist. Soc./Río Piedras) The Historian. Phi Alpha Theta: National Honor Society in History. Kingston, R.I. (Historian/Kingston) Iberoamericana. Iberoamericana; Editorial Vervuert. Madrid. (Iberoamericana/ Madrid) International Journal of Community Music = IJCM. New York University, Steinhardt School of Education, Department of Music and Performing Arts Profession, Music Education Program. New York, N.Y. (Int. J. Comm. Music) International Journal of Heritage Studies: IJHS. University of Plymouth Press. England. (Int. J. Herit. Stud.) International Journal of the History of Sport. F. Cass. London. (Int. J. Hist. Sport) International Review of Social History. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, England; International Instituut voor Sociale Geschiedenis. Amsterdam. (Int. Rev. Soc. Hist.)

Journal de la Société des américanistes. Paris. (J. Soc. am.) Journal of Africana Religions. The Pennsylvania State University Press. University Park. (J. Africana Relig.) The Journal of Caribbean History. University of the West Indies Press; University of the West Indies, Department of History. Mona, Jamaica. (J. Caribb. Hist.) Journal of Haitian Studies. Haitian Studies Association. Boston, Mass. (J. Haitian Stud.) Journal of Historical Research in Music Education. School of Music, Arizona State University. Tempe, Ariz. (J. Hist. Res. Music Educ.) Journal of Latin American Cultural Studies. Carfax Publishing. Abingdon, England. (J. Lat. Am. Cult. Stud.) Journal of Latin American Studies. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, England. (J. Lat. Am. Stud.) Journal of Musicology. Imperial Printing Co. St. Joseph, Mich. (J. Musicol./St. Joseph) Journal of the Alamire Foundation. Brepols Publishing. Turnhout, Belgium. (J. Alamire Found.) Journal of the Society for American Music. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, England; New York. (J. Soc. Am. Music) Journal of the Southwest. University of Arizona, Southwest Center. Tucson. (J. Southwest) Journal of the West. Sunflower University Press. Manhattan, Kan. (J. West/ Manhattan) Kwanissa: Revista de Estudos Africanos e Afro-Brasileiros. Universidade Federal do Maranhão Centro de Ciências Humanas Curso de Licenciatura em Estudos Africanos e Afro-Brasileiros. São Luís, Brazil. (Kwanissa) Latin American and Caribbean Ethnic Studies. Taylor & Francis. Colchester, England. (Lat. Am. Caribb. Ethn. Stud.) Latin American Music Review (LAMR) = Revista de Música Latinoamericana. University of Texas Press. Austin. (Lat. Am. Music Rev.) Latin American Research Review. Latin American Studies Association; University of Texas Press. Austin. (LARR)

616 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Letras Históricas. Universidad de Guadalajara, División de Estudios Históricos y Humanos. Jalisco, Mexico. (Let. Hist./ Guadalajara) Magallania. Universidad de Magallanes, Instituto de la Patagonia. Punta Arenas, Chile. (Magallania/Punta Arenas) Mana: Estudos de Antropologia Social. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacional, Programa de PósGraduação em Antropologia Social. Rio de Janeiro. (Mana/Rio de Janeiro) Médiathèque Caraïbe. Laméca. Basse-Terre. (Médiathèque Caraïbe) Mesoamérica. Plumsock Mesoamerican Studies. South Woodstock, Vt.; Centro de Investigaciones Regionales de Mesoamérica. Antigua, Guatemala. (Mesoamérica/Antigua) Millars: espai i història. Universitat Jaume I. Castelló de la Plana, Spain. (Millars) Music & Letters. Oxford University Press. Oxford, England. (Music Lett.) Music & Politics. University of California, Santa Barbara. Santa Barbara. (Music Polit.) Música em Contexto. Universidade de Brasília. Brasília. (Música Contexto) Música Hodie. Universidade Federal de Goiás, Programa de Pós-Graduação Mestrado em Música da Escola de Música e Artes Cênicas. Goiânia, Brazil. (Música Hodie) New Mexico Historical Review. University of New Mexico; Historical Society of New Mexico. Albuquerque. (N.M. Hist. Rev.) Nursing History Review. University of Pennsylvania Press. Philadelphia. (Nurs. Hist. Rev.) NWIG: New West Indian Guide/Nieuwe West Indische Gids. Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology, KITLV Press. Leiden, The Netherlands. (NWIG) 80grados: Revista de Ideas, Crónicas y Reportajes. San Juan. (80grados) Orfeu. Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Música. Florianópolis, Brazil. (Orfeu/ Florianópolis)

Pontos de Interrogação: Revista Eletrônica de Crítica Cultural. Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Departamento de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Crítica Cultural. Alagoinhas, Brazil. (Pontos Interrogação) Popular Communication. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Mahwah, N.J. (Pop. Comm./Mahwah) Procesos. Corporación Editora Nacional. Quito. (Procesos/Quito) Public Books: An Online Magazine of Ideas, Arts, and Scholarship. New York, N.Y. (Public Books) Relaciones de la Sociedad Argentina de Antropología. Buenos Aires. (Relac. Soc. Argent. Antropol.) Revista Argentina de Musicología. Asociación Argentina de Musicología. Buenos Aires. (Rev. Arg. Musicol.) Revista Brasileira de Estudos da Presença. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Educação, Grupo de Estudos em Educação Teatro e Performance. Porto Alegre, Brazil. (Rev. Bras. Estud. Presença) Revista Brasileira de Música. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Escola de Música. Rio de Janeiro. (Rev. Bras. Música/ Rio de Janeiro) Revista Complutense de Historia de América. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Geografía e Historia, Departamento de Historia de América I. Madrid. (Rev. Complut. Hist. Am.) Revista de Antropologia. Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, Departamento de Antropologia. São Paulo. (Rev. Antropol./ São Paulo) Revista de História. Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, Departamento de História. São Paulo. (Rev. Hist./São Paulo) Revista de Historia de América. Instituto Panamericano de Geografía e Historia. Comisión de Historia. Ciudad de México. (Rev. Hist. Am./México) Revista de Indias. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Instituto de Historia, Departamento de Historia de América. Madrid. (Rev. Indias)

Title List of Journals Indexed / 617 Revista de Musicología. Sociedad Española de Musicología. Madrid. (Rev. Musicol./ Madrid) Revista do Instituto de Estudos Brasileiros. Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Estudos Brasileiros. São Paulo. (Rev. Inst. Estud. Bras.) Revista Iberoamericana de Educación Superior. UNAM, Instituto de Investigaciones sobre la Universidad y la Educación (IISUE). México. (Rev. Iberoam. Educ. Super.) Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales. UNAM, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales. Ciudad de México. (Rev. Mex. Cienc. Polít. Soc.) Revista Música. Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Música. São Paulo. (Rev. Música) Revista Musical Chilena. Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Artes, Sección de Musicología. Santiago. (Rev. Music. Chil.) Revista Resonancias. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Instituto de Música. Santiago. (Resonancias/Santiago) Revista USP. Universidade de São Paulo, Coordenadoria de Comunicação Social. São Paulo. (Rev. USP/São Paulo) Revue historique des armées. Service historique de la défense. Paris. (Rev. hist. armées) Secuencia: Revista de Historia y Ciencias Sociales. Instituto de Investigaciones Dr. José María Luis Mora. Ciudad de México. (Secuencia/México)

Slavery and Abolition. Taylor and Francis. Oxon, England. (Slavery Abolit.) Suplemento Antropológico. Universidad Católica de Nuestra Señora de la Asunción, Centro de Estudios Antropológicos. Asunción. (Supl. Antropol.) Titivillus. Publicaciones de la Universidad de Zaragoza. Spain. (Titivillus) Trans: Revista Transcultural de Música. www.sibetrans.com/trans/; Sociedad de Etnomusicología. Barcelona. (Trans (online)) Twentieth-Century Music. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, England. (Twentieth-Century Music) Universum. Universidad de Talca. Talca, Chile. (Universum/Talca) Varia História. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas, Departamento de História. Belo Horizonte, Brazil. (Varia Hist.) The William and Mary Quarterly. College of William and Mary. Williamsburg, Va. (William Mary Q.)

ABBREVIATION LIST OF JOURNALS INDEXED For journal titles listed by full title, see Title List of Journals Indexed, p. 613.

Acervo/Rio de Janeiro. Acervo. Arquivo Nacional. Rio de Janeiro. Acta Musicol. Acta Musicológica. Société Internationale de Musicologie/Internationale Gesellschaft für Musikwissenschaft/ International Musicological Society; Bärenreiter. Basel, Switzerland. Acta Universitaria. Acta Universitaria. Universidad de Guanajuato, Dirección de Investigación y Posgrado. Guanajuato, Mexico. Afro-Asia/Salvador. Afro-Asia. Universidade Federal da Bahia, Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Centro de Estudos Afro-Orientais. Salvador, Brazil. Am. Hist. Rev. The American Historical Review. Indiana University at Bloomington. Bloomington. Americas/Washington. The Americas: A Quarterly Review of Inter-American Cultural History. Catholic University of America, Academy of American Franciscan History; Catholic University of America Press. Washington, D.C.

Ann. hist. sci. soc. Annales: histoire, sciences sociales. L’École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales. Paris. Antiquity/Cambridge. Antiquity. Antiquity Publications Ltd. Cambridge, England. Anu. Antropol./Tempo. Anuário Antropológico. Edições Tempo Brasileiro Ltda. Rio de Janeiro. Anu. Colomb. Hist. Soc. Cult. Anuario Colombiano de Historia Social y de la Cultura. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, Departamento de Historia. Bogotá. Anu. Estud. Am. Anuario de Estudios Americanos. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Escuela de Estudios Hispano-Americanos. Sevilla, Spain. Anu. Estud. Boliv. Arch. Bibliogr. Anuario de Estudios Bolivianos, Archivísticos y Bibliográficos. Ediciones Archivo y Biblioteca Nacionales de Bolivia. Sucre, Bolivia.

An. Inst. Invest. Estét. Anales del Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas. UNAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas. Ciudad de México.

ArtCultura/Uberlândia. ArtCultura. Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Departamento de História, Núcleo de Estudos em História Social da Arte e da Cultura. Uberlândia, Brazil.

An. Mus. Paul. Anais do Museu Paulista: História e Cultura Material. Museu Paulista. São Paulo.

Bol. Acad. Nac. Hist./Caracas. Boletín de la Academia Nacional de la Historia. Caracas.

Anc. Mesoam. Ancient Mesoamerica. Cambridge University Press. New York; Cambridge, England.

Bol. Cult. Bibliogr. Boletín Cultural y Bibliográfico. Banco de la República, Biblioteca Luis-Angel Arango. Bogotá.

620 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Bol. Mus. Chil. Arte Precolomb. Boletín del Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino. Santiago, Chile. Bull. Inst. fr. étud. andin. Bulletin de l’Institut français d’études andines. Lima. Bull. Soc. hist. Guadeloupe. Bulletin de la Société d’histoire de la Guadeloupe. Archives départamentales avec le concours du Conseil général de la Guadeloupe. BasseTerre, Guadeloupe. Cah. ethnomusicol. Cahiers d’ethnomusicologie. Ateliers d’ethnomusicologie. Geneva. Caravelle/Toulouse. Caravelle: Cahiers du monde hispanique et luso-brésilien. Université de Toulouse, Institute d’études hispaniques, hispano-americaines et lusobrésiliennes. Toulouse, France. Caribb. Stud. Caribbean Studies. Universidad de Puerto Rico, Instituto de Estudios del Caribe. Río Piedras, Puerto Rico. Cienc. Nicolaita. Ciencia Nicolaita. Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Coordinación de Investigación Científica. Morelia, Mexico. Claves/João Pessoa. Claves. Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Música. João Pessoa, Brazil. Colon. Lat. Am. Rev. Colonial Latin American Review. City University of New York (CUNY), City College, Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures, Simon H. Rifkind Center for the Humanities. New York; Carfax Publishing, Taylor & Francis, Ltd. Abingdon, England. Contracorriente/Raleigh. A Contracorriente. North Carolina State University, Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures. Raleigh. CR. CR: The New Centennial Review. Michigan State University, College of Science and Arts. East Lansing, Mich. Cuad. Antropol./San José. Cuadernos de Antropología. Universidad de Costa Rica,

Departamento de Antropología, Laboratorio de Etnología. San José. Cuad. CLAEH. Cuadernos del CLAEH. Centro Latinoamericano de Economía Humana. Montevideo. Cuad. Iconogr. Mus. Cuadernos de Iconografía Musical. UNAM. Ciudad de México. Cuad. Investig. Musical. Cuadernos de Investigación Musical. Centro de Investigación y Documentación Musical (CIDoM)Unidad Asociada al CSIC de la Universidad de Castilla-la Mancha. Ciudad Real, Spain. Cuad. Mús. Iberoam. Cuadernos de Música Iberoamericana. Consejo Iberoamericano de la Música (CIMUS); Instituto Complutense de Ciencias Musicales (Madrid); Sociedad General de Autores y Editores. Spain. Cuba. Stud. Cuban Studies. University of Pittsburgh Press. Pittsburgh, Pa. Curr. Musicol. Current Musicology. Columbia University. New York. Desarro. Econ. Desarrollo Económico: Revista de Ciencias Sociales. Instituto de Desarrollo Económico y Social. Buenos Aires. Diagonal. Diagonal: Journal of the Center for Iberian and Latin American Music. University of California Riverside, Center for Iberian and Latin American Music. Riverside, Calif. Early Mod. French Stud. Early Modern French Studies. Maney Publishing. Leeds, England; Routledge, Taylor & Francis. Abingdon, England. Econ. Hist. Rev. Economic History Review. Blackwell Pub. Oxford, England. Ecuad. Debate. Ecuador Debate. Centro Andino de Acción Popular. Quito. Estud. Bandísticos. Estudios Bandísticos: Órgano Científico de la Asociación Nacional de Directores de Banda. Asociación

Abbreviation List of Journals Indexed / 621 Nacional de Directores de Banda. Yecla, Spain. Estud. Cult. Náhuatl. Estudios de Cultura Náhuatl. UNAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas. Ciudad de México. Estud. Econ./São Paulo. Estudos Econômicos. Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Economia, Administração e Contabilidade, Fundação Instituto de Pesquisas Econômicas. São Paulo. Estud. Hist./Rio de Janeiro. Estudos Históricos. Fundação Getulio Vargas, Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil. Rio de Janeiro. Estud. Migr. Latinoam. Estudios Migratorios Latinoamericanos. Centro de Estudios Migratorios Latinoamericanos. Buenos Aires. Ethnohistory. Ethnohistory. American Society for Ethnohistory; Duke University Press. Durham, N.C. Ethnomusicology/Champaign. Ethnomusicology. University of Illinois Press. Champaign. Étud. grégor. Études grégoriennes. Éditions Abbaye Saint Pierre de Solesmes. Solesmes, France. Front. Hist. Fronteras de la Historia. Instituto Colombiano de Antropología e Historia. Bogotá. Geogr. Helv. Geographica Helvetica. Kümmerly & Frey. Bern, Switzerland. HAHR. Hispanic American Historical Review. Duke University Press. Durham, N.C. Hist. Ciênc. Saúde Manguinhos. História Ciências Saúde: Manguinhos. Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Casa de Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro. Hist. Crít./Bogotá. Historia Crítica. Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Departamento de Historia. Bogotá.

Hist. Mex./México. Historia Mexicana. El Colegio de México, Centro de Estudios Históricos. Ciudad de México. Hist. Quest. Debates. História: Questões e Debates. Editora UFPR; Universidade Federal do Paraná, Programa de Pós-Graduação em História; Associação Paraense de História. Curitiba, Brazil. Hist. Soc./Medellín. Historia y Sociedad. Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Económicas, Departamento de Historia. Medellín, Colombia. Hist. Soc./Río Piedras. Historia y Sociedad. Universidad de Puerto Rico, Departamento de Historia. Río Piedras. Historia/Santiago. Historia. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Facultad de Historia, Geografía y Ciencia Política, Instituto de Historia. Santiago. Historian/Kingston. The Historian. Phi Alpha Theta: National Honor Society in History. Kingston, R.I. Iberoamericana/Madrid. Iberoamericana. Iberoamericana; Editorial Vervuert. Madrid. Int. J. Comm. Music. International Journal of Community Music = IJCM. New York University, Steinhardt School of Education, Department of Music and Performing Arts Profession, Music Education Program. New York, N.Y. Int. J. Herit. Stud. International Journal of Heritage Studies: IJHS. University of Plymouth Press. England. Int. J. Hist. Sport. International Journal of the History of Sport. F. Cass. London. Int. Rev. Soc. Hist. International Review of Social History. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, England; International Instituut voor Sociale Geschiedenis. Amsterdam. J. Africana Relig. Journal of Africana Religions. The Pennsylvania State University Press. University Park.

622 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 J. Alamire Found. Journal of the Alamire Foundation. Brepols Publishing. Turnhout, Belgium. J. Caribb. Hist. The Journal of Caribbean History. University of the West Indies Press; University of the West Indies, Department of History. Mona, Jamaica. J. Haitian Stud. Journal of Haitian Studies. Haitian Studies Association. Boston, Mass. J. Hist. Res. Music Educ. Journal of Historical Research in Music Education. School of Music, Arizona State University. Tempe, Ariz. J. Lat. Am. Cult. Stud. Journal of Latin American Cultural Studies. Carfax Publishing. Abingdon, England. J. Lat. Am. Stud. Journal of Latin American Studies. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, England. J. Musicol./St. Joseph. Journal of Musicology. Imperial Printing Co. St. Joseph, Mich. J. Soc. am. Journal de la Société des américanistes. Paris. J. Soc. Am. Music. Journal of the Society for American Music. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, England; New York. J. Southwest. Journal of the Southwest. University of Arizona, Southwest Center. Tucson. J. West/Manhattan. Journal of the West. Sunflower University Press. Manhattan, Kan. Kwanissa. Kwanissa: Revista de Estudos Africanos e Afro-Brasileiros. Universidade Federal do Maranhão Centro de Ciências Humanas Curso de Licenciatura em Estudos Africanos e Afro-Brasileiros. São Luís, Brazil. LARR. Latin American Research Review. Latin American Studies Association; University of Texas Press. Austin. Lat. Am. Caribb. Ethn. Stud. Latin American and Caribbean Ethnic Studies. Taylor & Francis. Colchester, England.

Lat. Am. Music Rev. Latin American Music Review (LAMR) = Revista de Música Latinoamericana. University of Texas Press. Austin. Let. Hist./Guadalajara. Letras Históricas. Universidad de Guadalajara, División de Estudios Históricos y Humanos. Jalisco, Mexico. Magallania/Punta Arenas. Magallania. Universidad de Magallanes, Instituto de la Patagonia. Punta Arenas, Chile. Mana/Rio de Janeiro. Mana: Estudos de Antropologia Social. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacional, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia Social. Rio de Janeiro. Médiathèque Caraïbe. Médiathèque Caraïbe. Laméca. Basse-Terre. Mesoamérica/Antigua. Mesoamérica. Plumsock Mesoamerican Studies. South Woodstock, Vt.; Centro de Investigaciones Regionales de Mesoamérica. Antigua, Guatemala. Millars. Millars: espai i història. Universitat Jaume I. Castelló de la Plana, Spain. Music Lett. Music & Letters. Oxford University Press. Oxford, England. Music Polit. Music & Politics. University of California, Santa Barbara. Santa Barbara. Música Contexto. Música em Contexto. Universidade de Brasília. Brasília. Música Hodie. Música Hodie. Universidade Federal de Goiás, Programa de PósGraduação Mestrado em Música da Escola de Música e Artes Cênicas. Goiânia, Brazil. N.M. Hist. Rev. New Mexico Historical Review. University of New Mexico; Historical Society of New Mexico. Albuquerque. Nurs. Hist. Rev. Nursing History Review. University of Pennsylvania Press. Philadelphia. NWIG. NWIG: New West Indian Guide/ Nieuwe West Indische Gids. Royal Institute

Abbreviation List of Journals Indexed / 623 of Linguistics and Anthropology, KITLV Press. Leiden, The Netherlands.

do Rio de Janeiro, Escola de Música. Rio de Janeiro.

80grados. 80grados: Revista de Ideas, Crónicas y Reportajes. San Juan.

Rev. Complut. Hist. Am. Revista Complutense de Historia de América. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Geografía e Historia, Departamento de Historia de América I. Madrid.

Orfeu/Florianópolis. Orfeu. Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Música. Florianópolis, Brazil. Pontos Interrogação. Pontos de Interrogação: Revista Eletrônica de Crítica Cultural. Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Departamento de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Crítica Cultural. Alagoinhas, Brazil. Pop. Comm./Mahwah. Popular Communication. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Mahwah, N.J. Procesos/Quito. Procesos. Corporación Editora Nacional. Quito. Public Books. Public Books: An Online Magazine of Ideas, Arts, and Scholarship. New York, N.Y. Relac. Soc. Argent. Antropol. Relaciones de la Sociedad Argentina de Antropología. Buenos Aires. Resonancias/Santiago. Revista Resonancias. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Instituto de Música. Santiago. Rev. Antropol./São Paulo. Revista de Antropologia. Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, Departamento de Antropologia. São Paulo. Rev. Arg. Musicol. Revista Argentina de Musicología. Asociación Argentina de Musicología. Buenos Aires. Rev. Bras. Estud. Presença. Revista Brasileira de Estudos da Presença. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Educação, Grupo de Estudos em Educação Teatro e Performance. Porto Alegre, Brazil. Rev. Bras. Música/Rio de Janeiro. Revista Brasileira de Música. Universidade Federal

Rev. Hist. Am./México. Revista de Historia de América. Instituto Panamericano de Geografía e Historia. Comisión de Historia. Ciudad de México. Rev. hist. armées. Revue historique des armées. Service historique de la défense. Paris. Rev. Hist./São Paulo. Revista de História. Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, Departamento de História. São Paulo. Rev. Iberoam. Educ. Super. Revista Iberoamericana de Educación Superior. UNAM, Instituto de Investigaciones sobre la Universidad y la Educación (IISUE). México. Rev. Indias. Revista de Indias. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Instituto de Historia, Departamento de Historia de América. Madrid. Rev. Inst. Estud. Bras. Revista do Instituto de Estudos Brasileiros. Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Estudos Brasileiros. São Paulo. Rev. Mex. Cienc. Polít. Soc. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales. UNAM, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales. Ciudad de México. Rev. Music. Chil. Revista Musical Chilena. Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Artes, Sección de Musicología. Santiago. Rev. Música. Revista Música. Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Música. São Paulo. Rev. Musicol./Madrid. Revista de Musicología. Sociedad Española de Musicología. Madrid.

624 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Rev. USP/São Paulo. Revista USP. Universidade de São Paulo, Coordenadoria de Comunicação Social. São Paulo.

Trans (online). Trans: Revista Transcultural de Música. www.sibetrans.com/trans/; Sociedad de Etnomusicología. Barcelona.

Secuencia/México. Secuencia: Revista de Historia y Ciencias Sociales. Instituto de Investigaciones Dr. José María Luis Mora. Ciudad de México.

Twentieth-Century Music. TwentiethCentury Music. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, England.

Slavery Abolit. Slavery and Abolition. Taylor and Francis. Oxon, England. Supl. Antropol. Suplemento Antropológico. Universidad Católica de Nuestra Señora de la Asunción, Centro de Estudios Antropológicos. Asunción. Titivillus. Titivillus. Publicaciones de la Universidad de Zaragoza. Spain.

Universum/Talca. Universum. Universidad de Talca. Talca, Chile. Varia Hist. Varia História. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas, Departamento de História. Belo Horizonte, Brazil. William Mary Q. The William and Mary Quarterly. College of William and Mary. Williamsburg, Va.

SUBJECT INDEX

Abandoned Children. Brazil, 1107. Abolition (slavery), 203. Brazil, 1133, 1137, 1157, 1172, 1177, 1187-1188, 1194, 1200, 2188. British Caribbean, 663, 700. Cuba, 693. Dominican Republic, 602. French Guiana, 667. Guadeloupe, 552-553. Mass Media, 1181, 1187. Nicaragua, 497. Puerto Rico, 675, 706. Saint-Domingue, 546. Sugar Industry and Trade, 1093. See Also Freedmen; Slaves and Slavery. Abolitionists. Brazil, 1187-1188. Abortion. Mexico, 288. Abstract Art. Mexico, 28. See Also Conceptual Art. Abused Wives. See Abused Women. Abused Women. Theater, 1853. See Also Women. Academia de Niñas de Morelia. History, 377. Acadians. Martinique, 591. See Also Ethnic Groups and Ethnicity. Acción Católica, 1035. Acción Democrática (Venezuela), 835. Acculturation, 2219. Brazil, 163. Puerto Rico, 784. Acha, Juan, 51. Acre, Brazil (state). Cultural History, 2197. Actors. Brazil, 1872, 1875. Mexico, 1705. Social Reform, 1865. Actresses. See Actors. Adolescents. See Youth. Adoption. Brazil, 1107. Colonial History, 1107. Adventure and Beagle Expedition (18261830), 1019. Advertising. Argentina, 1030. Colombia, 846. African-Americans. See Blacks. African Influences. Brazil, 1074, 1076, 1095, 1151, 2115, 2200. Caribbean Area, 2043. Cuba, 698. Ecuador, 2080-2082. Music, 2052. Peru, 2090. See Also Africans; Candomblé (cult); Umbanda (cult). Africans. Brazil, 1169, 1188, 1201. Central America, 501. Colonial History, 222,

1095. Cuba, 711. Religion, 215. Religious Life and Customs, 2106. Afro-Americans. See Blacks. Agosti, Héctor Pablo, 1024. Agrarian Reform. See Land Reform. Agricultural Development. Bolivia, 943. See Also Economic Development; Rural Development. Agricultural History. Cuba, 696. Venezuela, 830. Agricultural Industries. See Agroindustry. Agricultural Labor. Brazil, 167. Agricultural Policy. Bolivia, 949. Agricultural Systems. British Caribbean, 567. Agricultural Workers. See Agricultural Labor. Agriculture. Mexico, 427. Agroindustry. Colonial History, 167. Aguascalientes, Mexico (state). Military History, 325. Ahumada y Vera, Luisa María del Rosario, marquesa de las Amarillas, 1222. Aircraft Industry. Peru, 913. Alamán, Lucas, 1994. Álamos, Mexico (town). History, 371. Albizu Campos, Pedro, 748. Alfonzo Ravard, Rafael, 815. Almeida, Aracy de, 2166. Alou, Felipe, 719. Althusser, Louis, 2202. Aluminé, Argentina (dept.). History, 132. Alva Ixtlilxóchitl, Fernando de, 76, 87, 309, 311, 1210, 1215. Alvarado Rivera, María Jesús, 929. Alvarado Tezozómoc, Fernando, 76, 1210. Alvarenga, Oneyda, 2118. Alvear, Carlos María de, 1011. Alves, Castro, 1871. Amaral, Yara, 1875. Amazon Basin. Description and Travel, 1820. Ecuador, 900. Amazonas, Brazil (state). Mass Media, 1196. Music, 2176. Portuguese Language, 1196.

626 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Amazonas, Colombia (dept.). Colonization, 879. Amazonia. See Amazon Basin. American Influences. See US Influences. Americans. Mexico, 455. Anacaona, 592. Anarchism. Mexico, 389. Anarchists. Argentina, 981. Andrade, Mário de, 2118. Andrade, Oswald de, 1868. Angelis, Pedro de, 1008. Anghiera, Pietro Martire d’, 1098. Anglo-Spanish War, 1739-1748, 658. Anido, María Luisa, 2059. Animals. Medical Care, 402. Anthropologists. Race and Race Relations, 463. Anti-positivism. See Positivism. Antorcha (Quito, Ecuador), 897. Apaches (indigenous group). Exiles, 323. Warfare, 343. Apiaquaiki Tumpa, 936. Apu Inka Atawallpaman, 1213. Arantes, Altino, 1167. Araucanian (indigenous group). See Mapuche (indigenous group). Araucano (indigenous group). See Mapuche (indigenous group). Arawak (indigenous group). Music, 2201. Myths and Mythology, 2201. See Also Indigenous Peoples. Archeological Sites. Mexico, 464. Architecture. Costa Rica, 513. Mexico, 12. Uruguay, 64. Archive of Folk Song (US), 2118. Archives. Mexico, 264. Puerto Rico, 538, 576, 703. Spain, 576. See Also Libraries. Archivo General de Puerto Rico, 538. Ardao, Arturo, 2280. Argentina austral, 1032. Aricó, José, 2302. Aristide, Jean-Bertrand, 780. Armed Forces. See Military. Arramberri Lavín, José Silvestre, 400. Art. Argentina, 2. Brazil, 2. Caribbean Area, 4, 36. Censorship, 24. Education, 61. El Salvador, 33. Peru, 52. Political Conditions, 49, 1042. Uruguay, 61. Venezuela, 2, 65. Art, Peruvian. Spanish Influences, 54. Art Criticism, 5, 8, 51. Chile, 45. Uruguay, 56. Art Exhibitions. Argentina, 7. Brazil, 7. See Also Exhibitions; Museums.

Art History, 4. Mexico, 293. Uruguay, 60. Art Museums. Mexico, 13. Artisans. Puerto Rico, 747. Artists. Argentina, 38-39, 41, 43-44. Chile, 47. El Salvador, 33. Jews, 25. Mexico, 13, 27. Peru, 54. Political Participation, 3, 2050. Uruguay, 57, 59, 62. Arzáns de Orsúa y Vela, Bartolomé, 1221. Asians. Peru, 798. Assimilation. See Acculturation. Atahualpa, 1213. Ateneo Paraguayo, 1052. Atlantic Trade. Slaves and Slavery, 491. Atzimba, 1963. Audiencia of Charcas, 169. Autonomy, 231. Venezuela, 821. See Also Sovereignty. Aviation. Peru, 913. Ayahuasca. Brazil, 2114, 2163. Ayllus, 2274. Aymara (indigenous group). Bolivia, 940, 952. Azeredo, Jorge Pinto de, 1132. Aztecs. Economic Conditions, 78. History, 112, 309. Kings and Rulers, 1215. Land Tenure, 328. Mesoamerica, 96. Mexico, 81. Religious Life and Customs, 78. Rites and Ceremonies, 116. Social Conditions, 78. Sources, 78. Azul, Argentina (prov.). Intellectual History, 1031. Azul Azul (musical group), 2074. Baegert, Juan Jacobo, 335. Bahia, Brazil (city). Africans, 1201. Slaves and Slavery, 1201. Bahia, Brazil (state). Colonial Administration, 1153. Colonization, 1155. Economic History, 1163. History, 1155. Indigenous Policy, 1153. Music, 2196. Musical History, 2143. Musicians, 2122. Portuguese Conquest, 1155. Slaves and Slavery, 1163. Social History, 1163. Baja California, Mexico (region). Description and Travel, 335. Maps, 432. See Also Baja California, Mexico (state). Baja California, Mexico (state). Art, 29. See Also Baja California, Mexico (region). Baja California Norte, Mexico (state). See Baja California, Mexico (state). Bal y Gay, Jesús, 1966. Balaguer, Joaquín, 794. Banbuck, Mézance, 552. Banco do Brasil, 1183. Bancroft, Hubert Howe, 107.

Subject Index / 627 Bandelier, Adolph Francis Alphonse, 107. Bando de Teatro Olodum, 1880. Banking and Financial Institutions. Brazil, 1183. Mexico, 419, 441. Baol, Augusto, 1863. Baptista, Pedro Nolasco, 2110. Baratta, María de, 2060. Barco, Virgilio, 881. Baroque Literature. Guatemala, 505. See Also Literature. Barrios Mangoré, Agustín, 2058. Baseball. Cuba, 757. Dominican Republic, 719, 783. Racism, 719. See Also Sports. Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe. History, 555. Bautista de Albadán, Juan, 145. Beagle Expedition (1831-1836), 1019. Belém, Brazil (city). Dance, 2192. Beliefs and Customs. See Religious Life and Customs. See Social Life and Customs. Belo Horizonte, Brazil (city). Religious Life and Customs, 2135. Benavides, Óscar Raimundo, 916. Benedetti, Mario, 1541. Benedictines. Brazil, 1161. Beneficência Portuguesa (Porto Alegre, Brazil), 1198. Benson Latin American Collection, 198. Berlin, Germany (city). Candomblé (cult), 2155. Bernardino de Sahagún. See Sahagún, Bernardino de. Betances, Ramón Emeterio, 675. Bilhar, Sátiro, 2139. Biography. Brazil, 1145. Mesoamerica, 95. Mexico, 366, 404, 423, 454, 465. Viceroyalty of New Spain (1540-1821), 334. Birds. Colombia, 873. Colonial History, 83. Mesoamerica, 83. Birth Control. Mexico, 288. Blacks. Actors, 1880. Argentina, 992, 1034. Audiencia of Guatemala, 492. Bahamas, 630, 661. Baseball, 757. Brazil, 1074, 1178, 1194, 2105, 2137, 2160, 2193. British Caribbean, 659. Caribbean Area, 544, 775. Catholicism, 2106. Civil Rights, 2256. Colombia, 857, 860, 2075, 2264. Colonial History, 492. Cuba, 603, 658. Dance, 2150, 2192. Education, 1141. Environmental History, 860. Feminism, 759. French Caribbean, 559, 634. Guadeloupe, 644. Intellectuals, 2264. Jazz, 2120. Land Tenure, 1178. Literature, 698. Mexico,

271. Middle Classes, 688. Migration, 560. Military, 659. Music, 1967, 2075. Musical History, 2105, 2137. Musicians, 2043, 2153. Peru, 925. Portraits, 992. Protestants, 215. Puerto Rico, 548, 654, 702, 747, 763, 765, 796, 1404. Relations with Indigenous Peoples, 501. Religion, 215. Religious Life and Customs, 2165. Revolution and Revolutionaries, 627. Singers, 2047. Social Conditions, 603, 659. Social History, 1177, 1207. Social Life and Customs, 704, 925. Teachers, 668. Theater, 1852, 1876, 2035. Viceroyalty of New Spain (1540-1821), 327. Youth, 2193. Bobbio, Norberto, 2215. Boggiani, Guido, 152. Bolero (music). Singers, 1998. See Also Popular Music. Bolívar, Simón, 230, 817, 821, 858. Bolton, Herbert Eugene, 340. Bonaparte, Luis, 2282. Bonfi l Batalla, Guillermo, 2219. Books. Argentina, 961, 1031. Brazil, 1166. Colombia, 837, 872. Colonial History, 1106. History, 177. Martinique, 691. Puerto Rico, 790. Venezuela, 833. Books of Chilam Balam, 118. Border Disputes. See Boundary Disputes. Borderlands, 185. Amazon Basin/French Guiana, 139. Colonial History, 336. Historiography, 340. Warfare, 343. See Also Mexican-American Border Region. Bororo (indigenous group). Colonization, 162. Genocide, 162. Bosch, Juan, 724-725. Botanists. Paraguay, 1054. See Also Botany. Botany. Mexico, 382. See Also Botanists. Botocudo (indigenous group). Indigenous Resistance, 1112. Boundaries. History, 182. Philosophy, 2212. See Also Boundary Disputes. Boundary Disputes. El Salvador/Honduras, 525. See Also Boundaries. Bourbon Reforms. Mexico, 322. See Also Colonial History. Braun-Menéndez Behety family, 1032. Brazilian Influences. France, 2146. British and Foreign Anti-slavery Society, 1200. British Influences. Mexico, 360. Public Opinion, 240. Buarque, Chico, 1873. Buccaneers. Central America, 490. Colonial History, 490-491. See Also Pirates.

628 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Buena Vista Social Club (musical group), 2066. Buenos Aires, Argentina (city). Blacks, 992. Civilization, 982. Clothing and Dress, 1004. Crime and Criminals, 973. Cultural History, 953. Household Employees, 955. Intellectual History, 240, 2286. Labor and Laboring Classes, 975. Photography, 968. Social Conditions, 982. Social Life and Customs, 2286. Bureaucracy. Argentina, 970. Martinique, 577. Burials. See Cemeteries. See Mortuary Customs. Business Administration. Mexico, 454. Businesspeople. Mexico, 415. Venezuela, 815. Caboclos. See Mestizos and Mestizaje. Cabral de Melo Neto, João, 1766. Cáceres, Ramón, 789. Caciques. Colombia, 155. Colonial Administration, 802. Caduveo (indigenous group). Indigenous Art, 152. Caguas, Puerto Rico (region). Colonial History, 601. Caguax, 611. Caicedo Estela, Andrés, 1663. Cajamarca, Peru (city). Ethnohistory, 140141. Indigenous Peoples, 140-141. Calcagno, Francisco, 1399. Calfucurá, Juan, 131. Callejo, Fernando, 2048. Calypso. Trinidad and Tobago, 2049. Camacho, Eliodoro, 933. Camagüey, Cuba (prov.). History, 670. Slaves and Slavery, 670. Campanha, Brazil (city). History, 1078. Campinas, Brazil (city). Dance, 2150. Economic History, 1147. Campos, Haroldo de, 1857. Canals. Colombia, 880. Canary Islands (Spain). Historiography, 1226. Candomblé (cult). Brazil, 2135, 2137, 2165, 2178. Germany, 2155. See Also African Influences. Capitalism. Haiti, 628. Mexico, 303, 306, 1986. Slaves and Slavery, 233. Capó, Bobby, 2055. Capoeira (dance). Brazil, 2114, 2127, 2158, 2163. Political Conditions, 2167. Captives. Argentina, 42. Art, 42. Caquetá (Colombia). State-Building, 867.

Caracas, Venezuela (city). History, 822. Urbanization, 822. Cárdenas, Guty, 1998. Cárdenas, Lázaro, 522. Caribbean Area. Colonial History, 622. Description and Travel, 836. Historiography, 622. Social Life and Customs, 836. Carmelites. Brazil, 1158, 1190. See Also Monasticism and Religious Orders. Carnero Hoke, Guillermo, 2219. Carnival. African Influences, 1171. Brazil, 2171, 2191, 2195. Songs, 2079. See Also Festivals. Carrera-Maul, Luis, 16. Carta de Jamaica, 230, 817. Cartago, Costa Rica (city). Colonial History, 498. Cartography. See Maps and Cartography. Cartoons. Mexico, 469. Carvajal y de la Cueva, Luis de, 348. Casa da Ópera de Vila Rica (Minas Gerais, Brazil), 2128. Casal, Lourdes, 1398. Casas, Bartolomé de las, 346. Castro, Fidel, 728, 755, 761, 771. Castro, Raúl, 755. Castro, Ricardo, 1962-1964. Catamarca, Argentina (prov.). Indigenous Peoples, 169. Catedral de México, 1979. Catherwood, Frederick, 32. Catholic Church, 209. Abolition (slavery), 667. Architecture, 58. Argentina, 960, 986, 1012. Brazil, 1096, 1099, 1126, 1148, 1161, 1190, 1199. Colombia, 847-849, 869, 874. Courts, 1159. Cuba, 619, 676. Ecuador, 895. Education, 179, 358. El Salvador, 518, 2249. Ethics, 710. Guadeloupe, 687. Haiti, 652, 782. History, 246, 2218. Independence Movements, 234. Mexico, 117, 122, 285, 302, 310, 401, 412, 414, 425, 429, 444-445, 456, 460. Missions, 444. Musical History, 2004, 2039. Peru, 799. Political Participation, 428, 1012, 1035. Puerto Rico, 549, 710, 750. Race and Race Relations, 682. Slaves and Slavery, 687. Teaching, 316. Trinidad and Tobago, 682. Universities, 179. Uruguay, 1126. Viceroyalty of New Spain (1540-1821), 314. See Also Catholicism; Christianity. Catholic Church Extension Society of the United States of America, 444. Catholicism. Colonial History, 86. Cattle Raising and Trade. Brazil, 1209.

Subject Index / 629 Colombia, 840. Haciendas, 840. Mexico, 459. Panama, 485. See Also Food Industry and Trade; Livestock. Cayapó (indigenous group). Women, 147. Cayenne, French Guiana (city). Colonial History, 607. Ceará, Brazil (state). Abolition (slavery), 1181. Slaves and Slavery, 1181. Cemeteries. Bahamas, 661. See Also Mortuary Customs. Censorship. Brazil, 1166, 1878. Cuba, 776. Mexico, 289, 408. Theater, 1878. See Also Freedom of the Press. Censuses. Colombia, 852. Puerto Rico, 706. See Also Population Growth. Central Aguirre, Puerto Rico (town). Social Life and Customs, 537. Centro de Historia de Santander (Colombia), 885. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social (Mexico), 180. Ceremonies. See Rites and Ceremonies. Cerri, Daniel, 1047. Chacabuco, Battle of, Chile, (1817), 977. Chaco, Argentina (region). Colonial History, 127, 158. Cultural History, 157. Human Geography, 157. Indigenous Resistance, 127. Population, 158. Sources, 158. Chaco War (1932-1935), 939. Chalatenango, El Salvador (dept.). History, 531. Chambi, Martín, 135. Chanca (indigenous group). History, 145. Charity. Brazil, 1108. Colonial History, 1108. Chávez, Carlos, 1969, 2000. Chávez Frías, Hugo, 832, 834, 2261. Chiapas, Mexico (state). Colonial History, 502. Independence Movements, 495. Popular Music, 2007. Regional Integration, 405. Chibcha (indigenous group). History, 155. Chicanos. See Mexican Americans. Chichimecs (indigenous group). Historiography, 1215. Warfare, 106. Childbirth. Mexico, 288. Children. British Caribbean, 668, 672. Colombia, 853. Colonial History, 1107. Medical Care, 353, 966. Mexico, 353, 411, 434, 468-469. Public Health, 891. Puerto Rico, 763. Pyschology, 966. Slaves and Slavery, 656. See Also Family and Family Relations; Youth.

Chimalpahin Cuauhtlehuanitzin, Domingo Francisco de San Antón Muñón, 76, 1210. Chimborazo, Ecuador (prov.). Music, 2079. Chinese. Mexico, 370, 1923. Peru, 918. Chiriguano (indigenous group). Sources, 936. Chiriquí, Panama (prov.). History, 485. Cholera. See Diseases. Christianity, 2304. Colonial History, 1084. Ecuador, 2266. Puerto Rico, 750. Spanish Conquest, 77. Symbolism, 86. Chroniclers. See Cronistas. Church and State. See Church-State Relations. Church History, 178, 2218, 2230. Brazil, 1096, 1099, 1126, 1148, 1161, 1190. Cuba, 619. Ecuador, 2266. Slaves and Slavery, 1090, 1190. Uruguay, 58, 1126. Viceroyalty of New Spain (1540-1821), 1219. Church Music. See Religious Music. Church-State Relations. Ecuador, 2266. Mexico, 401, 412. Venezuela, 824. Viceroyalty of New Spain (1540-1821), 308. Churches. Iconography, 86. Cinema. See Film. Círculo de Recreo de San Germán (Puerto Rico), 708. Cities and Towns. Brazil, 1073. Social Conditions, 1073. See Also City Planning. Citizenship. Brazil, 1157. Central America, 483. Colombia, 865, 878. Dominican Republic, 743, 759, 792. Puerto Rico, 738. City Planning. Colombia, 880. See Also Cities and Towns; Urbanization. Ciudad Juárez, Mexico (city). Hip-Hop, 1984. Women, 1984. Civil-Military Relations. Bolivia, 948. Colombia, 819. Venezuela, 819. Civil Rights, 2256. Mexico, 428. See Also Human Rights. Civil Society. Haiti, 540. Mexico, 467. Civil War, 189. El Salvador, 529. Civilization, 193, 210, 1220, 2204, 2230, 2233. Andean Region, 134, 2277. Argentina, 157, 2283. Bolivia, 2273. Cuba, 2258. Puerto Rico, 2257. US, 196. Class Confl ict. See Social Classes. See Social Confl ict. Clavier, Jean-Pierre Eugène, 690. Clavijero, Francisco Javier, 335. Clergy. Argentina, 960. Brazil, 1099. Colombia, 864. Cuba, 583, 676. Guadeloupe, 665. Sex and Sexual Relations, 710.

630 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Clothing and Dress. Argentina, 1004. Colonial History, 216. Martinique, 689. See Also Textiles and Textile Industry. Club Tanamá (Canóvanas, P.R.), 765. Coal Mining. See Minerals and Mining Industry. Coca-Cola Company, 846. Cochabamba, Bolivia (dept.). Social Life and Customs, 945. Wars of Independence, 945. Codex Aubin, 112. Codex Azcatitlan, 112. Codex Dresdensis Maya, 103. Codex Mexicanus, 81, 93. Codex Xolotl, 87. Códice Boturini, 112. Códice florentino, 98. Codices. Mexico, 74. Paris, 103. Coffee Industry and Trade. Brazil, 1147. Costa Rica, 530. El Salvador, 486. Guadeloupe, 669. Martinique, 679. Mexico, 378. Trade, 679. Cofradías. See Confraternities. Cohen, Gerard Allan, 2221. Cojo Ilustrado, 820. Cold War, 261-262. Art, 3. Caribbean Area, 725, 764. Central America, 515. Costa Rica, 535. Diplomacy, 794. Dominican Republic, 794. US, 245. Colima, Mexico (state). Political History, 114. Collado Schwarz, Angel, 593. Collective Memory, 2226, 2237. Argentina, 1037. Dominican Republic, 723. Ecuador, 893. Colleges. See Higher Education. Colonia del Sacramento, Uruguay (city). Church History, 1126. Colonial Administration, 172, 230, 817. Amazon Basin, 1129. Belize, 674. Brazil, 1079-1080, 1082, 1088, 1091, 1101, 1113, 1131, 1136, 1142. British Caribbean, 663. Caribbean Area, 612, 631, 712. Central America, 503. Commerce, 211. Corruption, 487, 1149. Epistemology, 214. Free Trade, 211. French Caribbean, 558. French Guiana, 653, 667. Guadeloupe, 657, 695. Indigenous Policy, 1153. Jamaica, 618. Law and Legislation, 224, 226-227. Mesoamerica, 105. Peru, 161. Puerto Rico, 614, 703. Sources, 487. Spain, 631. Viceroyalty of New Spain (1540-1821), 344. Colonial History, 621, 2204. Amazon Basin, 1129. Argentina, 169, 811-812. Bolivia, 810. Brazil, 1101, 1116. Caribbean Area, 598. Costa Rica, 498-499. Cuba, 488, 626.

Dominican Republic, 616-617. French Caribbean, 609. Guatemala, 504. Hispaniola, 626. Mexico, 84, 334. Music, 2038. Nicaragua, 497, 501. Panama, 488-489. Political Conditions, 80. Political Corruption, 487. Puerto Rico, 614. SaintDomingue, 546. Sources, 109. Spain, 188. Colonial Literature, 1229. Brazil, 1104. Mexico, 1228. Spanish Influences, 1226. Colonial Music, 1958. French Caribbean, 2045. Mexico, 2041. Viceroyalty of New Spain (1540-1821), 1976, 2008. Colonial Theater. Saint-Domingue, 2047, 2053. Colonial Trade. Caribbean Area, 219. Colonization. Amazon Basin, 1084. Bolivia, 136. Brazil, 1116, 1150. Caribbean Area, 2252. Colombia, 155. French Guiana, 667. Hispaniola, 610. Philosophy, 2218. Puerto Rico/US, 784. Colonization, Portuguese. Communication, 1142. Commerce, 195, 206. Colonial History, 173. Jamaica, 618, 660. Commodities, 119. See Also Commerce. Communication. Colonial History, 1142. Portugal, 1142. Communism and Communist Parties, 245, 261. Argentina, 978, 981, 1024, 2292, 2299. Central America, 515. Costa Rica, 535. Haiti, 742. International Relations, 517. Mass Media, 770. Mexico, 2239, 2243. Puerto Rico, 770. Communist International, 517. Compañía Bananera de Costa Rica, 516. Composers. Argentina, 2102-2103. Bolivia, 2069-2070. Brazil, 2110, 2123, 2134, 2139, 2148, 2173, 2189. Central America, 2057. Colonial History, 2038. Cuba, 2063, 2067. Ecuador, 2083, 2085. El Salvador, 2060. Mexico, 1960, 1962, 1964, 1966, 19691971, 1985, 1999, 2006, 2033. Peru, 20692070, 2097. Puerto Rico, 2055. Venezuela, 2101. See Also Music. Concentration Camps. Paraguayans, 1048. Conceptual Art, 16. Argentina, 39. See Also Abstract Art. Concrete Art, 2. Confessions. Viceroyalty of New Spain (1540-1821), 316. See Also Catholic Church; Crime and Criminals; Law and Legislation. Confraternities. Brazil, 1076, 1199. Mexico, 322. Conquest. See Spanish Conquest.

Subject Index / 631 Conquest and Exploration. See Discovery and Exploration. Consejo de Indias (Spain), 214, 224. Conservatism. History, 245. Conservatorio Nacional de Música (Mexico), 2042. Constitutional Conventions. Venezuela, 821. Constitutional History. Cuba, 2255. Mexico, 376, 448. Venezuela, 821. Constitutions. Haiti, 720. Peru, 927. Consumption (economics). Argentina, 969, 1028, 1030, 1040. Colombia, 846. Contemporary Art. See Modern Art. Contraband. See Smuggling. Contraceptives. See Birth Control. Contreras, Jesús Fructuoso, 26. Convents. Mexico, 321. Musical History, 1995, 2038. Viceroyalty of New Spain (1540-1821), 331. Conversion. See Evangelistic Work. Cooking. Brazil, 1175. Mexico, 278. See Also Food. Copyright. Brazil, 2147. Córdoba, Argentina (city). Cultural History, 953. Food, 1028. Córdoba, Argentina (prov.). Blacks, 1034. Demography, 142. Indigenous Peoples, 142. Intellectuals, 43. Corn. Brazil, 2164. Coronado, Francisco Vásquez de, 319. Corporations. See Business Administration. Correo Español, 988. Corridos. Mexico, 1974. Corrientes, Argentina (prov.). Bureaucracy, 965. Federalism, 1027. Corruption. Brazil, 1080. Colonial History, 1080. See Also Political Corruption. Cortés, Hernán, 313, 1223. Cortez, Melchior, 2108. Cosmology. Mesoamerica, 85. Cost and Standard of Living. Mexico, 299. Costa, Cláudio Manoel da, 1104. Costa, Gal, 2161. Costa, José de Resende, 1135. Costa Filho, José de Resende, 1135. Counterrevolutions. History, 259. Coups d’Etat. Venezuela, 835. Courts. Colonial History, 226. Coutinho, Rodrigo de Souza, 1136. Couto, José Vieira, 1106. Cravari, Federico, 361. Credit. Brazil, 1147. Creoles. Bolivia, 2072. Music, 2088.

Crevaux, Jules, 938. Crime and Criminals. Argentina, 973, 2297. Colonial History, 650. Mexico, 296, 307, 349, 375, 398, 468-469. Public Opinion, 296. Cristero Rebellion, 1926-1929, 414, 471. Mexico, 456. Cronistas, 1220. Cuarto Frente Simón Bolívar (Cuba), 741. Cuban Americans. Music, 2061. Cuban Influences. Puerto Rico, 721. US, 2061. Cuban Revolution (1959), 726, 761. Autobiography, 741. Cults. Brazil, 1143. Cultural Adaptation. See Acculturation. Cultural Assimilation. See Acculturation. Cultural Destruction. Indigenous Peoples, 896. Viceroyalty of New Spain (15401821), 92. Cultural Development, 2207. Cultural History, 190, 193, 199, 237, 2220, 2232. Argentina, 1023. Brazil, 1113, 1170, 2105, 2115, 2181. Colombia, 838. Cuba, 698. Mexico, 283, 291, 293, 1969, 1999, 2013. Peru, 2090, 2271. Puerto Rico, 593, 739. Cultural Identity. Argentina, 157. Brazil, 2117. French Caribbean, 574. Mexico, 1973. Cultural Pluralism. See Multiculturalism. Cultural Policy. Cuba, 2258. Cultural Property, 2203. Cultural Relations. Brazil, 2112. Brazil/ Africa, 1074, 1151. Brazil/France, 2126. Brazil/Ghana, 2137. Brazil/Portugal, 1113. Chile/Peru, 135. Cuba/US, 2061. Mexico/ US, 2000. Puerto Rico/US, 2054. Spain/ US, 196. Cultural Studies. Puerto Rico, 542. Culture, 2230, 2235. Argentina, 2301. History, 2224. Philosophy, 2220. Cumandá, 2086. Cunha, Damiana da, 147. Cuzco, Peru (dept.). Insurrections, 907. D’Aubuisson, Roberto, 529. Dams. Bolivia, 941. Jamaica, 678. Dance. Brazil, 2192. History, 1957. MexicanAmerican Border Region, 1997. Mexico, 2000. Peru, 2091. Darwin, Charles, 1019, 2265. Darwinism. See Social Darwinism. De Ridder, Francis, 682. De Villagrá, Gaspar, 332. Death. Peru, 150.

632 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Decolonization, 231, 237, 2205. Andean Region, 2277. Caribbean Area, 2256. Decorative Arts. Cuba, 697. del Barco, Miguel, 335. Democracy, 199, 2209, 2223, 2231, 2302. Argentina, 2294. Colombia, 862. Democratization. Argentina, 2285. Chile, 2278. Haiti, 781. Mexico, 293. Demography. Argentina, 983. Colombia, 852. Panama, 489. Puerto Rico, 654. Uruguay, 1068. Demonstrations. See Protests. Description and Travel, 200. Argentina, 1044. Bolivia, 950. Canary Islands (Spain), 1226. Colombia, 855. Mexico, 359. Research, 855. Women, 1222. Dessalines, Jean-Jacques, 638-639. Detective and Mystery Stories. Paraguay, 1508. Devil. Peru, 2091. Diaguita (indigenous group). Origins, 164. Diamantina, Brazil (city). History, 1184. Diaries. Colonial History, 1222. Mexico, 1222. Diario de Pereira (Bucaramanga, Colombia), 838. Díaz, Porfi rio, 375, 381, 388. Díaz de Espada y Fernández de Landa, Juan José, 676. Díaz del Castillo, Bernal, 500, 1214. Dictatorships. Argentina, 959. Brazil, 1865. Chile, 45, 1703. Cold War, 764. Dominican Republic, 773. Haiti, 781. History, 726. Paraguay, 1055-1056. Peru, 916. Uruguay, 1067. Dictionaries. Ecuador, 898. Diet. See Nutrition. Diplomacy. Colombia, 842. Diplomatic History, 242. Argentina, 1038. Brazil, 1205. Brazil/Great Britain, 1186. Central America/Spain, 532. Colombia, 850, 870. Costa Rica/Spain, 534. Cuba/ US, 734. Dominican Republic/Haiti, 717. Mexico, 263, 362. Venezuela, 823. Diplomats. Central America, 532. Dominican Republic, 725. Mexico, 407. Peru, 919. Disabled. See Handicapped. Discovery and Exploration. Bolivia, 136. California, US (state), 342. Historiography, 1098. Philosophy, 213. Sources, 337. Spain, 195. Texas, US (state), 337. Viceroyalty of New Spain (1540-1821), 319, 327. See Also Spanish Conquest. Discrimination, 191. Cuba, 757. Mexico, 1216.

Diseases. Brazil, 1203. Colombia, 854. Colonial History, 1109. Convents, 1118. Guadeloupe, 625. Mexico, 304, 356, 402, 410. Puerto Rico, 796. See Also Epidemics. Divorce, 176. Mexico, 435. Doctors. See Physicians. Documentaries. Mexico, 293. Documentation Centers. See Libraries. Domestic Violence. See Family Violence. Domestics. See Household Employees. Dominican-Haitian Confl ict (1937), 727, 743. Dominican Restoration War (1863-1865), 664. Dominicans (religious order), 178. Viceroyalty of New Spain (1540-1821), 308. Dragones de Ciudad Trujillo (baseball team), 783. Drama. Cuba, 1695. Dress. See Clothing and Dress. Dreyfus, Alfred, 384. Droughts. Brazil, 2194. Drug Control. See Drug Enforcement. Drug Enforcement. Colombia, 861. Drugs and Drug Trade. See Drug Enforcement. Dunkley, John, 34. Durán Cárdenas, Sixto María, 2085. Dussel, Enrique D., 2217. Dutch. Caribbean Area, 598-599. French Guiana, 600. Guadeloupe, 608. Dutch Conquest. Brazil, 1121, 1124. Duvalier, Jean-Claude, 781. East Indians. Indentured Servants, 671. Trinidad and Tobago, 615. Echaurren, Pablo, 46. Ecological Crisis. See Environmental Protection. Economic Conditions. Argentina, 965. Bolivia, 944. Caribbean Area, 650, 712. Dominican Republic, 785. Guadeloupe, 594. Haiti, 677. Martinique, 680. Mexico, 282, 441. Peru, 920. Uruguay, 1062. Economic Development. Argentina, 959. Economic Growth. See Economic Development. Economic History, 225. Brazil, 1081, 1183. Central America, 526. Economic Planning. See Economic Policy. Economic Policy. Mexico, 442. Economic Theory. Argentina, 2281. Economic Thought. See Economic Theory. Education. Bolivia, 934. British Caribbean,

Subject Index / 633 668, 672. Colombia, 839, 853, 872. Dominicans (religious order), 178. Mexico, 280, 358, 417. Peru, 901-903, 906, 912, 920, 922, 924, 926, 928. Philosophy, 2272. Puerto Rico, 790. Uruguay, 1064. Education and State. See Educational Policy. Educational Models. Bolivia, 934. Educational Policy. Argentina, 2284. Brazil, 1141. Mexico, 300. Peru, 906, 917, 924, 2268, 2272. Venezuela, 824. Educational Reform. Peru, 901, 917. Venezuela, 826. Ejército de Liberación Nacional (Colombia), 844. El Salvador-Honduras Confl ict (1969), 525. Elections. Puerto Rico, 732. Electricity. Guadeloupe, 778. Elites, 186. Argentina, 989, 1028, 1032. Audiencia of Guatemala, 492. Brazil, 2160. British Caribbean, 646, 663. Caribbean Area, 612. Colombia, 859. Colonial History, 339. Cuba, 752. Haiti, 681. Martinique, 690. Mexico, 1972. Peru, 807. Puerto Rico, 708. Spain, 807. Viceroyalty of New Spain (1540-1821), 2008. Emancipation. See Abolition (slavery). Emigrant Remittances. Central America, 526. Emigration and Immigration. See Internal Migration. See Migration. Employment. Argentina, 1025. Encomiendas, 155. Argentina, 169. Engineering. Guadeloupe, 683. Engineers. Mexico, 421. Enlightenment. Brazil, 1106. Colombia, 863. Education, 922. Nutrition, 217. Venezuela, 828. Entre Ríos, Argentina (prov.). Bureaucracy, 965. Ethnology, 165. Federalism, 1043. History, 165. Migration, 964. Entrepreneurs. Colombia, 851. Guadeloupe, 692. Mexico, 415, 455. Environmental Degradation. Brazil, 2194. Mexico, 474. Venezuela, 830. Environmental History. Central America, 477-478. Mexico, 477. Environmental Policy. Argentina, 2284. Environmental Protection. Mexico, 474. Environmental Sustainability. See Sustainable Development. Epidemics. Argentina, 957, 979. Mexico, 304, 356, 410. See Also Diseases. Epistemology. Colonial History, 214. Venezuela, 2262. See Also Philosophy. Escobedo, Helen, 13.

Esmeraldas, Ecuador (prov.). Music, 20802082. Estandarte, 393. Estevan, 327. Esthetics. Mexico, 2241. Ethics, 2217, 2290. Honduras, 2250. Ethnic Groups and Ethnicity. Argentina, 151, 165. Brazil, 1180. Colombia, 2264. Colonial History, 229, 501. Mexico, 311, 420, 450, 1997. Music, 1954. Nobility, 1140. Patagonia (region), 168. Peru, 803. Viceroyalty of New Spain (1540-1821), 326, 351. Violence, 473. Ethnic Identity, 301. Argentina, 967, 1036. Belize, 674. Trinidad and Tobago, 545. Ethnohistory. Río de la Plata (region), 129. Ethnomusicology. Bolivia, 2072. Colombia, 2075. Peru, 2090, 2097-2098. Étincelle, 735. Eugenics. Colombia, 877. European Influences. Ecuador, 2087. European Literature. See Baroque Literature. Evangelicalism. British Caribbean, 551. Mexico, 84. Evangelistic Work, 253. Amazon Basin, 1084. Brazil, 1150, 1158. Colonial History, 502, 1220. Evolution, 2265, 2287. Excavations. Cuba, 488. Excélsior, 418. Executive Power. Argentina, 1026. Cuba, 596. Exhibitions. Art, 40. Exiles. History, 250. Musical History, 2015. See Also Refugees. Exiles, Central American. Public Opinion, 522. Exiles, Spanish. Mexico, 2015. Expeditions. Bolivia, 937. Colombia, 850. Costa Rica, 528. Patagonia (region), 168. Venezuela, 823. Exploration. See Discovery and Exploration. Exports. Agricultural Policy, 192. Mexico, 378. See Also International Trade. Fagundes, Antônio, 1872. Falange Española de las J.O.N.S., 1071. Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las J.O.N.S., 1071. Falkland/Malvinas War (1982), 2204. Drama, 1707. Family and Family Relations, 176, 326, 2225. Argentina, 955. Brazil, 1110, 1189. Colombia, 882. French Caribbean, 647. History, 1189. Jamaica, 560. Mexico, 415. New Mexico, US (state), 347.

634 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Family Planning. See Birth Control. Family Violence. Brazil, 1202. FARC. See Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia. Farms. Brazil, 1130. Haiti, 677. Fascism. Caribbean Area, 764. Italy, 730. Mexico, 416. Fashion. Colonial History, 216. Venezuela, 831. Federal Government. See Federalism. Federalism. Argentina, 1027, 1043. Felipe de Jesús, Saint, 314. Fem (Mexico City, Mexico), 275. Feminism. Argentina, 1040. Bolivia, 930. Brazil, 1179. Dominican Republic, 754, 759. Mexican Americans, 2037. Mexico, 10, 269, 275, 277, 472. Periodicals, 1179. Peru, 929. Feminists. Argentina, 1039. Mexico, 409. Peru, 929. Fernández, Gaspar, 1980. Ferreira, Luís Gomes, 1103. Ferrocarril Mexicano, 385. Fertilizers and Fertilizer Industry. Guadeloupe, 594. Festivals. Argentina, 995. Brazil, 2130, 2172. Colonial History, 505, 1221. France, 2126. Guatemala, 505. Mexico, 371, 445, 2001. Film. Brazil, 2107, 2119. Collective Memory, 723. Mexico, 438, 453, 455, 1968, 2032. Music, 1968, 2032, 2107, 2119, 2183. Finance. Brazil, 1183. Financial Institutions. See Banking and Financial Institutions. Fire. Mexico, 354. Fish and Fishing. Mexico, 462. FitzRoy, Robert, 1019. Floods. Mexico, 367. Florianópolis, Brazil (city). Blacks, 1199. Social History, 1199. FMLN. See Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (El Salvador). Folk Dance. Peru, 2096. Folk Medicine. See Traditional Medicine. Folk Music. Andean Region, 1953. Bolivia, 2072. Chile, 2104. Colombia, 2075. Ecuador, 2079-2081. Peru, 2096, 2098. Folk Songs. Argentina, 2102-2103. Brazil, 2118. Folklore. Bolivia, 2072. Brazil, 2184. Food. Brazil, 1175. Mexico, 278, 402. Food Industry and Trade. Mexico, 267. Forced Labor. Bolivia, 156. Brazil, 167. Forced Migration. Mexico, 422. Foreign Affairs. See Foreign Policy.

Foreign Economic Relations. See International Economic Relations. Foreign Influences, 256. History, 251. Foreign Intervention. History, 251. Foreign Intervention, US, 242. Colombia, 2077. Cuba, 734, 744. Dominican Republic, 744. Nicaragua, 508. Foreign Policy, 249. US, 242, 734. See Also International Relations. Foreign Policy, Argentina. US, 985. Foreign Relations. See International Relations. Foreign Trade. See International Trade. Forests and Forest Industry. Modernization, 1176. Fortifications. French Guiana, 600. Francia, José Gaspar Rodríguez de, 1051. Francis Xavier, Saint, 1114. Franciscans. Brazil, 1152. Guatemala, 481. Mexico, 84. Missions, 315. Social Policy, 1152. Sources, 481. Spanish Conquest, 70. Franco, Francisco, 534. Free Blacks. Brazil, 1133. Colonial History, 222. Social Conditions, 1133. Free Trade. Bolivia, 944. Freedmen. Brazil, 1130, 1201. British Caribbean, 627, 651. British Guiana, 671. Economic Conditions, 562. Education, 672. French Caribbean, 557, 634. Guadeloupe, 554, 685. Jamaica, 656, 715. Martinique, 561-563, 575, 689-690. Military, 557. Viceroyalty of New Spain (1540-1821), 350. See Also Free Blacks. Freedom. See Abolition (slavery). Freedom of Information. Colombia, 837. Mexico, 408. Freedom of the Press. Brazil, 1166. Cuba, 776. Freemasonry. Costa Rica, 521. History, 234. Independence Movements, 234. French. Brazil, 1116-1117. Cuba, 697. Mexico, 387. French Influences. Argentina, 1022, 1028. Caribbean Area, 605. Cuba, 697. French Revolution (1789-1799). Caribbean Area, 629. Venezuela, 828. Frente Amplio (Uruguay), 1063. Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (El Salvador), 512, 527. Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional. See Sandinistas (Nicaragua). Fresnillo de González Echeverría, Mexico (city). Demography, 276. Social Life and Customs, 276. Friendship. See Interpersonal Relationships.

Subject Index / 635 Frontier and Pioneer Life. Mexico, 325. See Also Frontiers. Frontiers. Amazon Basin, 139, 146. Colombia, 867. Colonial History, 139. Viceroyalty of New Spain (1540-1821), 320. See Also Frontier and Pioneer Life. FSLN. See Sandinistas (Nicaragua). Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia, 844, 2077. Fuerzas Populares de Liberación Farabundo Martí, 531. Fuzis, 2119. Gaitán, Jorge Eliécer, 1945. Galindo, Hermila, 472. Gaos, José, 2246. Gapon, Georgy, 1235. García Iñiguez, Calixto, 707. García Narezo, José, 15. Garibaldi, Giuseppe, 1001. Gastón y Balbuena, José Andrés, 2029. Gatica, Lucho, 2021. Gays. Puerto Rico, 1686. Writers, 1682. Gender Relations. Brazil, 1880. Caribbean Area, 605. See Also Sex and Sexual Relations. Gender Roles. Argentina, 978, 1040. Brazil, 2117, 2135. Caribbean Area, 605. Colombia, 863. Mexico, 377, 1977. Music, 2136. Sports, 572. Genealogy. Peru, 1217. Generals. Argentina, 971. Mexico, 369, 394. Genocide. Argentina, 138. Geographical History. Amazon Basin, 1129. Costa Rica, 528. See Also Historical Geography. Geopolitics, 256, 2205. Historiography, 257. German Influences. Brazil, 2162. Paraguay, 1054. Germans. Argentina, 954, 967. Colombia, 843. Gerritsz, Hessel, 597. Ghigliani, Francisco, 1510. Gil, Gilberto, 2147. Globalization, 190, 249. Culture, 2220. Intellectual History, 240. Mexico, 306. Panama, 488. Gold, 173. Caribbean Area, 599. Colonial History, 218. Dominican Republic, 566. Gold Mines and Mining. Brazil, 1163. Dominican Republic, 566. Gómez Ochoa, Delio, 741. Gonzaga, Chiquinha, 2154. González, Sara, 2067. Government. See Bureaucracy. Government, Resistance to. Brazil, 2167.

Colombia, 875. Dominican Republic, 759, 773-774. Mexico, 401, 1658. Paraguay, 1055. Governors. Brazil, 1167. Mexico, 403. Graham, Martha, 2000. Grammar. Colonial History, 1225. Grassroots Movements. See Social Movements. Gratien, Candace, 730. Greeks. Colonial History, 229. Grupo La Candelaria, 1711. Grupo Los 12 (theater group), 1713. Grupo Tapa, 1877. Guadalajara, Mexico (city). Police, 265. Guamán Poma de Ayala, Felipe, 148. Guanajuato, Mexico (city). Musical History, 2025. Guano Industry. Mexico, 361. Guaporé River Valley (Brazil and Bolivia). Colonial History, 162. Guatemala. Ejército, 476. Guerillas. See Guerrillas. Guerrero, Mexico (state). Silver, 102. Guerrilla Warfare. See Guerrillas. Guerrillas, 262. Biography, 766. Colombia, 2077. Dominican Republic, 737. El Salvador, 531. Music, 2077. Nicaragua, 514. Songs, 2078. Uruguay, 1067. Women, 514. Guevara, Che, 766, 2206. Guido y Spano, Carlos, 994. Guitar. Brazil, 2108, 2180, 2185. Costa Rica, 2059. Mexico, 1992. Guitarists. Argentina, 2059. Paraguay, 2058. Gurría, Ángela, 19. Gurvich, José, 55. Gutiérrez Cuevas, Teodomiro Augusto, 921. Habana, Cuba (city). See La Habana, Cuba (city). Haciendas, 192. Argentina, 1090. Brazil, 1090. Technological Development, 840. See Also Plantations. Haitian Revolution (1791-1804), 639, 641643, 652. Brazil, 1128. Dominican Republic, 632. Violence, 635. Haitians. Dominican Republic, 792. Handicapped. Argentina, 957. Harbors. See Ports. Havana, Cuba (city). See La Habana, Cuba (city). Haya de la Torre, Víctor Raúl, 911, 2271. Haydn, Joseph, 2162. Health Care. See Medical Care. Hechos e Ideas, 1003. Heidegger, Martin, 2246. Henríquez Ureña, Pedro, 1406.

636 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Heredia, Costa Rica (city). History, 499. Heredia, José María, 237. Hernández Martínez, Maximiliano, 2247. Herrera y Tordesillas, Antonio de, 1098. Heureaux, Ulises, 717. Hieroglyphics. See Writing. Higher Education, 174, 187, 2210. Colombia, 887. Mexico, 287, 2016. Peru, 912. Puerto Rico, 746. Venezuela, 829. See Also Universities. Hijo del Ahuizote, 373. Hinduism. Trinidad and Tobago, 615. Hip-Hop. Brazil, 2157. Ecuador, 2084. Hispania, 883. Hispanic Americans. See Hispanics. Hispanic Society of America, 484. Hispanics, 185. Education, 1955. Race and Race Relations, 719. Historia de la nación chichimeca, 1215. Historia de la villa imperial de Potosí, 1221. Historia general de las cosas de Nueva España, 98. Historia verdadera de la conquista de la Nueva España, 500, 1214. Historians, 1098, 1220. Argentina, 1008. Dominican Republic, 543. Mexico, 274, 311. US, 301. Historical Geography. Chile, 2279. Mexico, 114. See Also Geographical History. Historiography, 197, 301, 2229, 2237. Colombia, 845, 890. Dominican Republic, 543, 724. Ecuador, 893. French Caribbean, 573574. Mexico, 274, 291, 366. Photography, 194. Uruguay, 2280. History. Guatemala, 482. History of Jamaica, 645. Holzmann, Rodolfo, 2097. Homosexuality. Art Criticism, 5. Colombia, 856. Marriage, 2225. Hormigueros, Puerto Rico (municipality). Cultural History, 539. Religious Life and Customs, 539. Horses. Argentina, 997. Horticulture. British Caribbean, 567. Hospitals. Brazil, 1198. Household Employees. Argentina, 955. Brazil, 1204. Slaves and Slavery, 1204. Huasteca Region (Mexico). Music, 2026. Huaynos. Peru, 2096. Hubbard, Elbert, 707. Hugues, Victor, 653. Huixquilucan de Degollado, Mexico (municipality). Rural Conditions, 379.

Hüller, Luis, 363. Human Rights. Argentina, 2297. Colombia, 861. Cuba, 2255. Dominican Republic, 792. Mexican-American Border Region, 2023. See Also Civil Rights. Humanism. Colonial History, 1220. Cuba, 2254, 2260. Huntington, Archer Milton, 484. Hygiene. See Public Health. I Feira Paulista de Opinião, 1863. Ibáñez, Andrés, 942. Iconography. Andean Region, 2277. Music, 2159. Illiteracy. See Literacy and Illiteracy. Illness. See Diseases. Immigrants. Argentina, 976, 988. Dominican Republic, 772. Economic Conditions, 749. Mexico, 286. Music, 2017. Peru, 798. Social Conditions, 749. Uruguay, 1066. See Also Migration. Immigrants, British. Argentina, 1036. Immigrants, Catalan. Argentina, 989. Immigration. See Migration. Imperial Mexican Railway, 385. Imperialism, 666, 2276. British Caribbean, 663. Caribbean Area, 2252. Cuba, 658. Spain, 212, 214. Imperialism, US. Colombia, 2077. Cuba, 707, 771. Imports and Exports. See Exports. See International Trade. Incas. Censuses, 166. Colonial History, 161. Cosmology, 149. Genealogy, 128. Historiography, 134, 1212. History, 134. Kings and Rulers, 128, 1217. Mathematics, 149, 154, 166. National Characteristics, 909. Origins, 164. Religion, 149. Sources, 134. Writing, 154. Indelible Spot, 725. Indentured Servants. British Guiana, 671. French Guiana, 667. Guadeloupe, 585, 701. India, 585, 701. Independence Movements, 231-232. Brazil, 1135, 1145, 1165. Central America, 495, 523. Cuba, 532, 693. Haiti, 640. Historiography, 241. Mexico, 298, 383. Public Opinion, US, 235. Puerto Rico, 571, 736, 748, 765. Venezuela, 821, 823, 825. Women, 236. See Also Wars of Independence. Indians. See East Indians. See Indigenous Peoples. See West Indians. Indigenismo and Indianidad. Peru, 2097. Indigenous Art. Amazon Basin, 152.

Subject Index / 637 Indigenous Languages. Colonial History, 1225. Grammar, 1225. Indigenous Medicine. See Traditional Medicine. Indigenous Music. Andean Region, 1953, 2100. Bolivia, 2073. Brazil, 2131. Chile, 2104. Ecuador, 2079, 2084. Hip-Hop, 2084. Peru, 2095. Indigenous/Non-Indigenous Relations, 126, 202, 204, 220. Amazon Basin, 143, 146. Argentina, 142, 991. Bolivia, 938. Brazil, 163, 1089, 1882, 2177, 2190. Colombia, 847. Colonial History, 67, 311, 1083. Ecuador, 133, 896, 900. Guatemala, 396. History, 182. Mexico, 122, 317, 323, 1980. New Mexico, US (state), 344. Panama, 493. Paraguay, 1053. Peru, 133. Puerto Rico, 611. Spanish Conquest, 92. Viceroyalty of New Spain (1540-1821), 68, 89, 104, 317, 343. Indigenous Peoples, 86. Acculturation, 88, 125, 155, 159, 847, 940, 2219. Agricultural Labor, 167, 1090. Amazon River Basin, 2199. Argentina, 151, 169, 980, 1013, 1019. Autonomy, 163. Birds, 83. Bolivia, 914, 943, 950, 952, 2273-2274. Brazil, 163, 1146, 2145, 2164, 2200. Buccaneers, 490. Calendrics, 93. Catholic Church, 89. Chile, 1019. Church History, 1096. Collective Memory, 120. Colombia, 857, 879, 2265. Colonial History, 151, 167, 169. Contact with Europeans, 136. Cultural Destruction, 66. Dance, 2020. Death, 150. Economic Conditions, 914. Education, 926, 928. Elites, 309. Epigraphy, 123. Ethnic Groups and Ethnicity, 88. Ethnic Identity, 204, 220, 2219. Evangelistic Work, 1084, 1150. Forced Labor, 138. Genocide, 138. Guatemala, 520. Historiography, 126. History, 164. Human Fertility, 137. Human Physiology, 137. Insurrections, 907. Intellectual History, 802. Land Reform, 949. Land Tenure, 101. Language and Languages, 91. Law and Legislation, 68. Medicine, 82. Mesoamerica, 85, 95, 109. Mexican-American Border Region, 336. Mexico, 23, 89-91, 102, 118, 292, 450. Migration, 113, 142. Missions, 1083, 1089. Modernity, 914. Music, 2020, 2125, 2164, 2185, 2199. Musical History, 1956. Natural Resources, 101. Origins, 130, 164. Paraguay, 130, 160. Peru, 159, 803, 914. Philosophy, 2218. Photography, 135, 152. Pictographs, 91. Pictorial Works,

111. Political Conditions, 80, 123. Political Participation, 115, 2219. Poverty, 914. Relations with Spaniards, 493. Religion, 150, 1084. Religious Life and Customs, 69. Repression, 204. Rites and Ceremonies, 69, 2131. Slaves and Slavery, 491. Social Life and Customs, 83. Superstition, 1211. Theater, 1697. Traditional Medicine, 101. Treatment of, 136, 145, 220, 227. Viceroyalty of New Spain (1540-1821), 101, 104, 320. Violence, 138. Warfare, 79, 932, 980, 1111. Women, 160. Writing, 73, 105, 120. Indigenous Policy. Amazon Basin, 146. Brazil, 1153. Colonial History, 227, 1083. Guatemala, 520. Panama, 493. Peru, 239. Indigenous Resistance. Andean Region, 2277. Argentina, 142. Brazil, 162. Colonial History, 127. Guatemala, 75. Literature, 1213. Mexico, 66. Panama, 493. Peru, 140. Indigo. Bolivia, 935. Guadeloupe, 595. Martinique, 595. Industrialization. See Industry and Industrialization. Industry and Industrialization, 201. Colombia, 851, 880. Mexico, 427. Peru, 910. Infante, Pedro, 1998. Infants. Colonial History, 1107. Medical Care, 353. Mexico, 398. Information Technology, 2224. Ingenieros, José, 2287. Inocentes (musical group), 2179. Inquisition. Brazil, 1099, 1105, 1120, 1126, 1144, 1148, 1162. Language and Languages, 1227. Portugal, 1162. Spain, 221. Uruguay, 1126. Insects. Agricultural Development, 567. Central America, 477. Mexico, 477. Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro, 1097. Instituto Pedagógico (Venezuela), 826. Instruments. See Musical Instruments. Insurgency. See Insurrections. Insurrection of Tupac Amaru (1780-1781), 161. Insurrections. Brazil, 1195. British Caribbean, 645-646. Cuba, 693. Dominican Republic, 737, 785. El Salvador, 512, 527, 531, 533. Guatemala, 520. Haiti, 588. Jamaica, 582. Mexico, 341, 392. Peru, 907, 921. Intellectual History, 213, 240, 2202, 2208, 2210, 2212, 2227-2229. Argentina, 953, 990, 994, 1003, 1014, 1044, 2281-2282, 2288, 2300, 2303. Bolivia, 2275. Brazil,

638 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 1080, 1157, 2162. Caribbean Area, 775, 2252, 2259. Colombia, 883, 2265. Cuba, 2065. Ecuador, 893. Guatemala, 504. Honduras, 2250. Mesoamerica, 95. Mexico, 84, 311, 2240, 2243. Peru, 805. Puerto Rico, 675, 746, 2257. Venezuela, 816, 820. Intellectuals, 2211, 2214, 2220, 2231-2232, 2235-2236. Argentina, 2281, 2289, 2293, 2298-2299, 2301. Bolivia, 2273. Brazil, 1854. Caribbean Area, 2253, 2256. Colombia, 2263-2264. Cuba, 2254. El Salvador, 2247. Haiti, 681. Jamaica, 775. Mexico, 11, 311, 2244. Paraguay, 1052. Peru, 807, 2267, 2271-2272. Puerto Rico, 2257. Women, 2233. World War II (19391945), 745. Intelligence Service. US, 707. Inter-American Music Review, 1981. Inter-Tribal Relations. Amazon Basin, 143. Argentina, 165. Colonial History, 139. Internal Migration. Bolivia, 943. International Economic Relations. Germany/Spain, 211. International Law. Argentina, 2297. International Migration. See Migration. International Relations, 190, 255-256, 731. Argentina/Egypt, 958. Argentina/US, 985. Aruba/Venezuela, 818. Brazil/Angola, 1142. Brazil/Great Britain, 1186. Brazil/ Haiti, 1128. Brazil/Portugal, 1142, 1165. Brazil/Turkey, 1205. Caribbean Area/ Great Britain, 219. Caribbean Area/ US, 764. Central America/Mexico, 522. Central America/Spain, 532. Central America/US, 184, 480. Chile/Peru, 135. Colombia, 861. Colombia/US, 870. Costa Rica/Spain, 534. Costa Rica/US, 535. Cuba/Dominican Republic, 744. Cuba/ US, 734, 787. Dominican Republic, 737. Dominican Republic/Great Britain, 623624. Dominican Republic/Haiti, 632, 717, 759-760, 788. Dominican Republic/UK, 740. Dominican Republic/US, 722, 725, 740, 756, 774, 785. El Salvador/Honduras, 525. Guadeloupe/Ethiopia, 730. Guadeloupe/Italy, 730. Guatemala/Mexico, 405. Haiti/Jamaica, 550. Haiti/US, 720, 742, 791. Historiography, 257. Jamaica/ England, 718. Latin America/China, 261. Latin America/Spain, 508. Latin America/US, 175, 185, 208, 235, 251, 258, 726. Mexico, 263. Mexico/Great Britain, 362. Mexico/Spain, 407, 416. Mexico/Texas, 406. Mexico/US, 184. Paraguay/US, 1056. Puerto Rico/US, 736, 769. South America/

US, 184. Spain/Britain, 618. Spain/US, 196, 242. Uruguay/Spain, 1072. Venezuela/US, 823. See Also Foreign Policy. International Trade. Caribbean Area/Spain, 219. Colonial History, 211. See Also Exports; International Economic Relations. International Trade Relations. See International Economic Relations. See International Trade. Internet. US Influences, 258. Interpersonal Relationships. Argentina, 2296. Intervention. See Foreign Intervention. Investments. Mexico, 385. Investments, British. Mexico, 360. Irmandade de Nossa Senhora do Rosário e São Benedito dos Homens Pretos (Florianópolis, Brazil), 1199. Islam. Colonial History, 223, 229. Islamic Influences, 229. Itaboraí, Joaquim José Rodrigues Torres, visconde de, 1183. Italian Influences. Political Thought, 2215. Ixil, Mexico (town). Social Life and Customs, 72. Jails. See Prisons. Jalisco, Mexico (state). Catholic Church, 425. Japanese. Colombia, 868. Jauretche, Arturo, 2288, 2298. Javouhey, Anne Marie, 667. Jazz. Brazil, 2111. Cuba, 2064. Cultural History, 2120. Latin American Influences, 2120. Mexico, 2005, 2021, 2031. Jean-Antoine Amé-Noël, 554. Jenkins, Williams Oscar, 454-455. Jesuits, 1156. Amazon Basin, 133. Argentina, 813, 1090. Brazil, 1089-1090, 1097, 1101, 1150, 1152, 1154, 1191. Colonial History, 146. Cuba, 583. Haiti, 782. Iconography, 1114. Mexico, 318, 335. Paraguay, 160. Relations with Indigenous Peoples, 1129. Social Policy, 1152. Spanish Conquest, 346. Jesus, Carolina Maria de, 1748. Jewish Colonization Association, 1005. Jews. Argentina, 999, 1005, 1046. Costa Rica, 524. History, 524. Mexico, 25, 305, 348, 384. Prostitution, 1046. Viceroyalty of New Spain (1540-1821), 89. Jiménez López, Miguel, 868. Jobim, Antonio Carlos, 2148. Jobs. See Employment. John VI, King of Portugal, 1113.

Subject Index / 639 Joplin, Janis, 1843. Journalism, 171. Argentina, 2300. Brazil, 1184. Cuba, 776. Mexico, 289. Venezuela, 831. See Also Mass Media; Newspapers. Journalists. Argentina, 2282. Haiti, 649. Mexico, 465, 467. Juárez, Mexico (city). See Ciudad Juárez, Mexico (city). Juchitán de Zaragoza, Mexico (city). Insurrections, 392. Juiz de Fora, Brazil (city). History, 1184. Jujuy, Argentina (prov.). Warfare, 946. Juvenile Delinquents. Guadeloupe, 767, 777. Kaapor (indigenous group). See Urubu (indigenous group). Kahlo, Frida, 14. Karajá (indigenous group). Rites and Ceremonies, 2177. Karl W. Hiersemann (fi rm), 484. Katarismo Movement (Bolivia), 136, 2071. Kelley, Francis Clement, 444. Kichwa (indigenous group). Christianity, 896. Music, 2084. King, Phillip Parker, 1019. Kings and Rulers. Mesoamerica, 80. Kinship. Mexico, 90. Knights of Columbus, 428. La Habana, Cuba (city). Blacks, 704. Church History, 676. Political History, 596. Social History, 704. La Pampa, Argentina (prov.). Indigenous Peoples, 131. La Paz, Bolivia (city). Ethnomusicology, 2072. Revolutions and Revolutionary Movements, 931. La Violencia. Colombia, 890. Labor and Laboring Classes, 2274. Argentina, 955, 1016, 1041, 1045. Bolivia, 951. Brazil, 1193. British Caribbean, 663, 671. Colonial History, 1122. Education, 747. Gender Roles, 1045. Guadeloupe, 587. Mass Media, 1193. Mexico, 273, 299, 466, 2032. Peru, 910. Political Development, 910. Puerto Rico, 584, 747, 770. Uruguay, 1060-1061. See Also Labor Market. Labor Market. Brazil, 1193. Mass Media, 1193. Labor Movement. Argentina, 1016, 1041. Puerto Rico, 584. See Also Labor and Laboring Classes; Labor Policy. Labor Policy. Colonial History, 1122. Peru, 910. See Also Labor Movement. Labor Unions. See Trade Unions.

Ladinos. Guatemala, 507, 520. Social History, 507. Lalo, Eduardo, 1405. Lamelas, David, 39. Lampião, 1195. Land Ownership. See Land Tenure. Land Reform, 192. Bolivia, 949. Mexico, 379, 427, 446, 459. Paraguay, 1051. Land Settlement. Amazon Basin, 143. Brazil, 1131. Colonial History, 1083, 1131. Costa Rica, 499. Land Tenure. Argentina, 996, 1013. Brazil, 1130, 1178. Guatemala, 396. Mexico, 88, 328, 363, 379. Lange, Francisco Curt, 2149. Language and Languages. Colonial History, 1225. Social History, 1227. Laperrière de Coni, Gabriela de, 1039. Lara, Agustín, 1998. Las Tunas, Cuba (prov.). Music, 2062. Latifundios. Brazil, 1134. Latin American Influences. US, 2044. See Also Hispanics. Law and Legislation. Colonial History, 224, 226. Cuba, 596. French Caribbean, 570. Martinique, 561. Legislation. See Law and Legislation. Legislators. Venezuela, 815. Lema Riqué, Victor, 57. Leminski, Paulo, 1795. Leoni, Raúl, 815. Leopoldina, Empress, consort of Pedro I, Emperor of Brazil, 1145. Leprosy. Guadeloupe, 564. Lévi-Strauss, Claude, 152. Lewis, Rupert, 775. Lexicons. See Dictionaries. LGBT. See Homosexuality. Liberalism, 2221. Argentina, 2282, 2291. Great Britain, 712. Honduras, 536. Mexico, 373, 397, 400, 2245. See Also Political Theory. Liberation Theology, 2217, 2231, 2249. Ecuador, 2266. El Salvador, 518. Haiti, 782. Puerto Rico, 750. Librarians. Argentina, 1008. Libraries, 198. Argentina, 1008. Colombia, 872. Colonial History, 1106. Martinique, 691. Mexico, 300. See Also Archives. Lima, Peru (city). Folk Music, 2088, 2100. Musicians, 2088, 2094. Race and Race Relations, 905, 2094. Social Life and Customs, 2094-2095. Literacy and Illiteracy. Brazil, 1141. Colonial History, 1138. Mexico, 300.

640 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Literary Criticism, 1229. Peru, 2270. Philosophy, 2238. Puerto Rico, 1404. Literature. African Influences, 698. Philosophy, 2238. Social History, 1227. See Also Baroque Literature; Biography. Literature, Baroque. See Baroque Literature. Littée, Janvier, 561. Livestock. Mexico, 402. Living Standards. See Cost and Standard of Living. Llanos (Colombia and Venezuela). Insurrections, 2078. Lloreda González, Ulpiano, 851. Lobatón, Javier, 2092. Local Government. See Municipal Government. Local History. Mexico, 180. Venezuela, 818. Lockouts. See Strikes and Lockouts. Lomax, Alan, 2118. Lombardo Toledano, Vicente, 470. Long, Edward, 645. Lorenz, Ricardo, 2101. Lucas López, Enrique Joaquín, 1067. Lugo y Dávila, Francisco de, 614. Luisi, Paulina, 1072. Luna Pizarro, Francisco Javier de, 927. Macchi, Jorge, 38. Maceo, Antonio, 673. Maceo, José, 673. Machado de Assis, 1722. Machu Picchu Site (Peru). Tourism, 923. Madero, Francisco I., 440. Magno, Paschoal Carlos, 1862, 1869. Maids. See Household Employees. Maize. See Corn. Malnutrition. See Nutrition. Mamani Villacorta, Gregorio, 2073. Manaus, Brazil (city). Intellectual Life, 1882. Manso, Juana, 2134. Manumission. See Abolition (slavery). Manuscripts. History, 177. Mesoamerica, 73. Portugal, 1820. Manuscritos, 45. Maoism. Political Ideology, 261. Maps and Cartography. Colonial History, 589. Dutch Caribbean, 597. Mapuche (indigenous group). Argentina, 131. Rites and Ceremonies, 144. Social History, 144. Women, 144. Maranhão, Brazil (state). Blacks, 1168. Economic History, 1168. Festivals, 2172. Insurrections, 1168. Marginalization. See Marginalized Peoples. See Social Marginality.

Marginalized Peoples. Brazil, 1146. Colombia, 875. See Also Social Marginality. Maria Bonita, 1195. Mariachi. Mexico, 1975, 1987. Musical History, 1987. Mariátegui, José Carlos, 2270. Maritime History. Nicaragua, 496. See Also Naval History. Markets. Mexico, 267. Maroons. Jamaica, 646. Martinique, 694. Márquez, Leonardo, 369. Marriage, 176, 2225. Mexico, 304. Peru, 905. Viceroyalty of New Spain (1540-1821), 351. Martens, Conrad, 1019. Martin, John Bartlow, 725. Martínez, Ricardo, 27. Marx, Karl, 2296. Marxism, 2202, 2206, 2216, 2221, 2274. Argentina, 2292, 2296. Cuba, 2260. Mexico, 303, 2032. Mary, Blessed Virgin, Saint, 117. Masferrer, Alberto, 2247. Masks. Peru, 2091. Masons. See Freemasonry. Mass Media. Colonial History, 505. Mexico, 289, 468. Music, 2141. Spain, 508. Venezuela, 833. Material Culture, 201. Colonial History, 216. Jamaica, 718. Panama, 488. Río de la Plata (region), 129. Matlatzinca (indigenous group). Dictionaries, 71. Language and Languages, 71. Mato Grosso, Brazil (state). Cattle Raising and Trade, 1209. Economic History, 1209. Social History, 1202. Women, 1202. Maximilian, Emperor of Mexico, 1991. Mayas. Art, 12. Calendrics, 118. Catholic Church, 117, 125. Food, 119. Iconography, 117. Insurrections, 75. Pictorial Works, 32. Political Participation, 520. Precolumbian Civilizations, 103. Religious Life and Customs, 125. Social Conditions, 72. Social Life and Customs, 119. Sources, 338. Mayol, Victor, 1702. Mayors. Viceroyalty of New Spain (15401821), 99. Mazatlán, Mexico (city). Fish and Fishing, 462. Mbya (indigenous group). Dance, 2145. Myths and Mythology, 130. Meat Industry and Trade. Argentina, 993. Medellín, Colombia (city). Urbanization, 840, 880.

Subject Index / 641 Media. See Mass Media. Medical Care. Argentina, 957. Brazil, 1109. Colonial History, 625, 1109. Dominican Republic, 795. Peru, 805, 918. Philosophy, 2203. See Also Medicine. Medicinal Plants. Brazil, 1203. Medicine. Argentina, 979. Colombia, 797, 854, 856, 869. Mesoamerica, 82. Panama, 479. See Also Medical Care; Traditional Medicine. Memoria del Departamento General de Inmigración, 976. Memory. See Collective Memory. Men. Mexico, 413. Menezes, Francisco Barreto de, 1121. Mennonites. Bolivia, 943. Mental Health. Colombia, 891. Colonial History, 1109. Mexico, 452. Merchant Marines. Argentine, 975. Merchants, 206. Argentina, 814. Martinique, 563. Mestizos and Mestizaje. Bolivia, 2071-2072. Colonial History, 224, 227. Mexico, 426. Philosophy, 1212. Metropolitan Areas. See Cities and Towns. Mexica. See Aztecs. Mexicali, Mexico (city). Social Conditions, 395. Mexican-American Border Region. Civil Rights, 473. Music, 1986, 1989-1990. Poetry, 1884. See Also Borderlands. Mexican Americans. Alaska, US (state), 290. Civil Rights, 473. Violence, 473. Mexican Herald, 364. Mexican Revolution (1910-1920), 440, 447. Mass Media, 424. Mexicans. US, 272. Mexico. Constitución política (1917), 376. México, Mexico (city). Architecture, 22. Demonstrations, 18. Economic Conditions, 299. Fire, 354. Jazz, 2005. Municipal Government, 268. Musical History, 1960, 1979, 1993. Religious Music, 2039. Social Conditions, 354. Water Supply, 474. México, Mexico (state). Indigenous Peoples, 292. Michoacán, Mexico (state). History, 2245. Indigenous Peoples, 108. Orchestral Music, 2002. Political Conditions, 375. Social Conditions, 386. Middle Classes. Colombia, 862. Martinique, 688. Mexico, 457. Mignolo, Walter, 2205. Migrants. See Immigrants. Migration. Argentina, 976, 984. Carib-

bean Area, 2259. Colombia, 842, 848, 868. French Guiana, 655. History, 182. Mexico, 293. Music, 2174. Race and Race Relations, 842. Uruguay, 1062. US, 2253. See Also Forced Migration; Immigrants; Internal Migration; Rural-Urban Migration. Migration, Central American. US, 480. Migration, Chinese. Mexico, 370, 1923. Peru, 798. Migration, Dominican. US, 749. Migration, Egyption. Argentina, 958. Migration, French. Mexico, 387. Migration, German. Argentina, 954, 967. Migration, Haitian. Dominican Republic, 759, 792. Puerto Rico, 654. Migration, Hungarian. Uruguay, 1066. Migration, Indian. Peru, 798. Migration, Internal. See Internal Migration. Migration, Italian, 209. Migration, Japanese. Peru, 798. Migration, Jewish. Argentina, 999, 1005, 1046. Mexico, 305. Uruguay, 1066. Migration, Mexican. Alaska, US (state), 290. US, 272, 380, 2017. Migration, Polish. Argentina, 999. Migration, Portuguese. Brazil, 1087. Peru, 809. Trinidad and Tobago, 545. Migration, Slovene. Argentina, 964. Migration, Spanish. Argentina, 988. Caribbean Area, 576. Dominican Republic, 762. Mexico, 415, 437. Puerto Rico, 576. South America, 576. Migration Policy. Mexico, 380. Military. Architecture, 1127. Colonial Administration, 559. Colonial History, 558, 1094. French Caribbean, 556, 558. Modernization, 1026. Military Assistance. Colombia, 861. Military Conditions. Mexico, 375. Military Government. Brazil, 2138, 2161. Education, 917. History, 726. Literature, 2161. Music, 2138, 2161. Military History, 1057-1058. Amazon Basin, 1111. Argentina, 1026. Bolivia, 932. Brazil, 1091, 1094, 1111, 1124. Caribbean Area, 581. Central America, 503. Colombia, 819. Cuba, 709, 787. Guadeloupe, 648. Guatemala, 476. Haiti, 637-638. Mexico, 372, 394. Music, 1977. Nicaragua, 510. Peru, 806. Puerto Rico, 547, 709, 769. Spain, 212, 228. Uruguay, 1065. Venezuela, 819. Military Occupation, British. Brazil, 1186. Cuba, 619.

642 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Military Occupation, Dutch. Brazil, 1124. Military Occupation, US. Haiti, 720, 753, 791. Minas Gerais, Brazil (state). Abolition (slavery), 1172. Africans, 1076. Bureaucracy, 1100. Catholic Church, 1159. Church History, 1105, 1159, 1162. Colonial Administration, 1100, 1123. Colonial History, 1110, 1123. Freedmen, 1172. History, 1073, 1078, 1100. Indigenous/NonIndigenous Relations, 1112. Indigenous Resistance, 1112. Inquisition, 1144. Labor and Laboring Classes, 1122. Labor Policy, 1122. Land Settlement, 1134. Literacy and Illiteracy, 1138. Merchants, 1132. Minerals and Mining Industry, 1132. Religious Life and Customs, 1076. Revolutionaries, 1135. Slaves and Slavery, 1157. Social Confl ict, 1134. Social History, 1138, 1157. Women, 1138. Minerals and Mining Industry. Argentina, 963. Brazil, 1163-1164. Colonial History, 218, 1221. Ecuador, 894. Mexico, 264. Minette, 2047, 2053. Mining. See Minerals and Mining Industry. Minorities. Bolivia, 2276. Social Conditions, 2234. Mirabal, Maria Teresa, 773. Mirabal, Minerva, 773. Mirabal, Patria, 773. Miramontes, Arnulfo, 2006. Miranda, Francisco de, 823, 827-828. Miscegenation. Brazil, 1143. Miskito (indigenous group). Colonial History, 501. Miskitu (indigenous group). See Miskito (indigenous group). Missionaries. Colonial History, 146. Ecuador, 896. Protestants, 551. Seventh-Day Adventists, 253. Viceroyalty of New Spain (1540-1821), 70. Missions, 1156. Amazon Basin, 1129. Argentina, 127, 1090. Brazil, 1089-1090, 1096, 1150, 1152. Panama, 493. Paraguay, 160. Seventh-Day Adventists, 253. Spanish Conquest, 77. Mitre, Bartolomé, 1015. Modern Architecture. Mexico, 22. Modern Art. Mexico, 293. Uruguay, 56. Modernism (art), 8. Mexico, 11, 17. Modernism (music). Brazil, 2140. Modernity, 2213, 2229. Argentina, 953. Mexico, 2005. Paraguay, 1049. Peru, 909, 913.

Modernization. Brazil, 1176, 1860. Colombia, 853, 878. Dominican Republic, 795. Mexico, 367, 381, 439, 443, 463. Peru, 910. Puerto Rico, 739. Monarchism. Brazil, 1154. Monarchs. See Kings and Rulers. Monarchy. See Monarchism. Monasterio de la Purísima Concepción (Puebla de Zaragoza, Mexico), 331. Monasticism and Religious Orders. Mexico, 502. Monetary Policy. Brazil, 1183. Monroe Doctrine, 242. Montalvo, Juan, 1380. Monterrey, Mexico (city). Social Conditions, 273. Montevideo, Uruguay (city). Police, 1059. Population, 1068. Monuments. Central America, 523. Independence Movements, 523. Mora Chimo, Vicente, 802. Morales, Julio, 2001. Morales, Melesio, 1999. Morals. See Ethics. More, Thomas, Saint, 2279. Morelia, Mexico (city). Political Conditions, 374. Moreno, Mariano, 1017. Moreno, Segundo Luis, 2085. Morton, Eric Odarkwei, 2137. Mortuary Customs. Peru, 150. See Also Cemeteries. Mosquito (indigenous group). See Miskito (indigenous group). Motherhood. Argentina, 966. Mexico, 468. Public Opinion, 468. Motion Pictures. See Film. Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario (Bolivia), 949. Muisca (indigenous group). See Chibcha (indigenous group). Mujer Moderna, 472. Mulattoes. Brazil, 1139. Multiculturalism. Peru, 926. Municipal Government. Brazil, 1160. El Salvador, 519. Mexico, 268, 397. Muñiz Varela, Carlos, 721. Muñoz Camargo, Diego, 67, 76, 1210. Muñoz Marín, Luis, 790. Murals. Mexico, 20, 25. Murder. Bolivia, 938. Murena, H.A., 2295. Museo de Arte Banco de la República (Bogotá), 1.

Subject Index / 643 Museo de Arte Latinoamericano de Buenos Aires, 40. Museo Nacional de Costa Rica, 516. Museum Exhibitions. See Art Exhibitions. See Museums. Museum of Modern Art (New York, NY), 24. Museums, 9. Canada, 9. Costa Rica, 516. Universities, 13. US, 9. See Also Art Exhibitions. Music. African Influences, 2043, 2075, 2080-2082, 2090. Blacks, 2099. Bolivia, 2073. Brazil, 2140, 2147, 2175, 2183, 2200. Caribbean Area, 2043. Central America, 2057. Cuba, 2061. Education, 1955, 1959, 1983, 2016, 2024, 2042, 2063, 2087, 2098, 2122, 2129. Festivals, 1982, 2126. Globalization, 1986, 2068. Iconography, 2030. Mexico, 1985. National Identity, 2095. Nationalism, 2076, 2085-2086. Public Policy, 2111. Puerto Rico, 2050. Race and Race Relations, 2099. Social Sciences, 2175. Sources, 1981, 2141. Teaching, 2141. Technology, 2093. See Also Hip-Hop. Music Criticism. Brazil, 2124. Music Industry, 2074. Bolivia, 2073. Brazil, 2152, 2173. Puerto Rico, 2052. Music Trade. See Music Industry. Musical History, 1956, 2149. Archives, 2009. Bolivia, 2070. Brazil, 2108, 2115, 2138, 2142, 2151, 2169, 2191, 2194, 2200. Central America, 2056. Colombia, 2076. Conferences, 2036. Cuba, 2063, 2065. Ecuador, 2083, 2085-2087. El Salvador, 2060. European Influences, 2029. French Caribbean, 2045. Haiti, 2047, 2053. Mexico, 1959, 1977-1978, 1982, 1991, 1996, 20112013, 2027, 2033, 2036, 2038, 2042. Peru, 2070, 2093, 2097. Puerto Rico, 739, 2048. Sources, 2009, 2038. Musical Instruments. African Influences, 2046, 2081-2082. Andean Region, 1953, 2100. Brazil, 2122, 2136, 2159, 2187. Chile, 2104. Colonial History, 2003. Ecuador, 2079, 2081-2082. Iconography, 2034. Mexico, 2010, 2014. Paintings, 2136. Peru, 2089. US, 2046. Musicians. Brazil, 2110, 2154, 2160, 2168, 2198. Chile, 2104. Costa Rica, 2059. Cuba, 2062, 2064, 2066. El Salvador, 2058. Jazz, 2031. Mexican-American Border Region, 2023. Mexican Americans, 2037. Mexico, 1994, 2019. Peru, 2090, 2095-2096. Puerto Rico, 2048, 2054. Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), 2015.

Muslims. Colonial History, 223, 229. Viceroyalty of New Spain (1540-1821), 89. Mussolini, Benito, 730. Musters, George C., 168. Mystery Stories. See Detective and Mystery Stories. Myths and Mythology. Death, 150. Mesoamerica, 85. Nahuas (indigenous group). Authors, 121. Christianity, 70. Education, 94. Historiography, 121, 1215. Medicine, 1211. Mexico, 122. Religion, 1211. Sources, 107, 1218-1219. Spanish Conquest, 121. Nahuatl (language). Manuscripts, 112. Names, 210. Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, 640. Nariño, Antonio, 882. Nascimento, Mílton, 2138. Nation-Building. See State-Building. National Autonomy. See Autonomy. National Characteristics, 2204. Argentina, 42, 984, 2283, 2295. Brazil, 2181. Central America, 483. Ecuador, 893. Mexico, 413, 420. Peru, 54, 909, 913, 2267. Puerto Rico, 547. See Also National Identity. National Defense. See National Security. National Identity, 2210. Mexico, 1959, 1968, 1975. Music, 1954, 2085. Venezuela, 820. See Also National Characteristics. National Patrimony, 2203. Guatemala, 484. Sources, 484. National Security, 258. Brazil, 2167. Colonial History, 503. National Songs. Central America, 2056. Nationalism. Argentina, 2298. Bolivia, 949. Colombia, 2076. Dominican Republic, 793. Ecuador, 2085-2086. Mexico, 450. Music, 2056, 2124. Puerto Rico, 547, 748, 2257. Sports, 794. Nationbuilding. See State-Building. Natural Disasters. Venezuela, 830. Natural History. Brazil, 1106. Colombia, 850. Costa Rica, 528. Mexico, 382. Naval History. Spain, 228. See Also Maritime History. Navarro, Eduardo, 21. Nazis. See Nazism. Nazism. Colombia, 843. Negreiros, Matias Vidal de, 1139. Negrete, Miguel, 394. Neoliberalism, 2296. Argentina, 2304. Central America, 526. Colombia, 862. Neuquén, Argentina (prov.). Theater, 1702.

644 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Neutrality, 256. New Mexico, US (state). Social Confl ict, 1997. Social Life and Customs, 347. New York, New York (city). Caribbean Influences, 2253. Newspapers, 171. Argentina, 969. Colombia, 838. Colonial History, 649. Ecuador, 897. Guadeloupe, 735. Haiti, 649. Mexico, 364, 393, 408, 418, 424, 433, 467, 469. Paraguay, 1050. Public Opinion, 380. See Also Journalism. Nezahualcóyotl, King of Texcoco, 96, 1215. Nicaraguan Revolution (1979). Women, 514. Nieto Arteta, Luis Eduardo, 2263. Nixon, Richard Milhous, 734. Nobility. Brazil, 1139-1140. Colonial History, 148, 339, 1140. Nonformal Education. Central America, 2248. Mexico, 2248. Noronha, Francisco de Sá, 2134. Núcleo de Teatro e Escola (Blumenau, Brazil), 1874. Nueva corónica y buen gobierno, 148. Nueva Era, 424. Nuevo Laredo, Mexico (state). Economic Conditions, 279. History, 279. Political Conditions, 279. Nuevo León, Mexico (state). Cattle Raising and Trade, 459. Political Conditions, 403. Social Conditions, 273. Nuns. Argentina, 813. Colombia, 1, 847, 874. Diseases, 1118. Musical History, 2038. Viceroyalty of New Spain (1540-1821), 1995. Nutrition. Brazil, 1175. Colonial History, 217. O’Gorman, Juan, 22. Oiticica, Hélio, 2156. Okon, Yoshua, 31. Oligarchy, 186. Olympics. Dominican Republic, 793. Oña, Pedro de, 803. Opera. Bolivia, 2071. Brazil, 2123, 2128. Ecuador, 2086-2087. Mexico, 1963, 1965, 1972, 1985, 1999, 2001, 2025. Operettas. See Zarzuelas. Orchestral Music. Bolivia, 2069. Mexico, 2009-2010, 2013. Peru, 2069. Organs (musical instrument). Mexico, 1988. Orozco, José Clemente, 23. Orquesta Sinfónica de Michoacán, 2002. Ortega, Aniceto, 1999. Ortega, Magdalena, 882.

Orwell, George, 2221. Otomi (indigenous group). Historiography, 106. Warfare, 106. Ouro Preto, Brazil (city). History, 1073. Military History, 1091. Opera, 2128. Outlaws. Brazil, 1195. Ovando, Nicolás de, 610. Overtaken by events, 725. Pacific Coast (Colombia). Music, 2075. Paiewonsky, Raquel, 35. Paige, Satchel, 783. Painters. Caribbean Area, 34. Mexico, 14. Painting. Colombia, 1. Cuba, 37. Mexico, 30. Uruguay, 63. Palacio de Bellas Artes (Mexico), 24. Palavicini, Félix Fulgencio, 435. Paleo-Indians, 164. Palomares, Gabino, 2019. Palomino, Francisco, 338. Pampa, Argentina (prov.). See La Pampa, Argentina (prov.). Pampas, Argentina (region). Indigenous Peoples, 1013. Social History, 144. Pan Am Jet North Stars Steel Orchestra, 2051. Pan American Games, 247. Pan American Highway System, 208. Pan-Americanism, 230, 817. Congresses, 508. Sports, 247. Panama Canal. Protests, 511. Pando, José María de, 919, 2269. Paniagua, Cenobio, 1999. Paraguaná Peninsula, Venezuela. History, 818. Paraguayan War (1865-1870), 1057-1058. Diaries, 1047. Prisoners, 987. Propaganda, 1050. Paraíba, Brazil (state). Colonial History, 1088. Paramilitary Forces. History, 245. Parliamentary Systems. See Political Systems. Parroquia de Cristo Obrero (Atlántida, Uruguay), 58. Partido Aprista Peruano, 911. Partido Comunista de El Salvador, 529. Partido Comunista de la Argentina, 1024. Partido Comunista Mexicano, 517, 2239. Partido Liberación Nacional (Costa Rica), 535. Partido Liberal de Honduras, 536. Partido Revolucionario Institucional (Mexico), 289. Pascalis Ouviere, Felix, 652. Patagonia, Argentina (prov.). Elites, 1032.

Subject Index / 645 Family and Family Relations, 1009. Women, 1009. Patagonia (region). Social History, 144. Patrocínio, José do, 1187. Paz, Bolivia (city). See La Paz, Bolivia (city). Paz y Figueroa, María Antonia de, 813. Peasantry. See Peasants. Peasants. Haiti, 677. Insurrections, 889, 921. Land Reform, 949. Mexico, 419. Peckolt, Theodoro, 1203. Pedro de Santo Eliseu, Frei, 1820. Peixoto, Inácio José de Alvarenga, 1134. Pellegrini, Carlos, 1010. Pelotas, Brazil (town). Slaves and Slavery, 1206. Pena, Martins, 2132-2133. Peña, Miguel, 821. Penal Colonies. Puerto Rico, 631. Penalba, Alicia, 41. Penitenciaría de Escobedo, 471. Penn, William, Sir, 623-624. Peralta, Ángela, 1965. Peralta Barnuevo, Pedro de, 803. Pérez, Andrés, 1703. Pérez Lleras, Enrique, 883. Performing Arts. Censorship, 1863. Periodicals. Argentina, 2300. Brazil, 1179. Mexico, 275. Pernambuco, Brazil (state). Africans, 1206. Music, 2113. Musicians, 2110, 2113. Political History, 1182. Revolutions and Revolutionary Movements, 1182. Slaves and Slavery, 1206. Peronism, 2293, 2304. Argentina, 956, 1003, 1035. Peru-Bolivian Confederation. Warfare, 946. Petroleum Industry and Trade. Bolivia, 939. Mexico, 466. Venezuela, 2261. Peyssonnel, Jean-André, 625. Pharmacy. Brazil, 1203. Phenomenology. Mexico, 2246. Philibert, Emmanuel, 683. Philip IV, King of Spain, 614. Philosophers, 2217, 2228, 2236. Argentina, 2303. Bolivia, 2275. Mexico, 2246. Peru, 2268. Philosophy, 2208, 2231. Argentina, 2289. Caribbean Area, 2259. Colombia, 2263. Cuba, 2254. European Influences, 2227. Mexico, 2244. Minorities, 2276. Peru, 2270. Textbooks, 2228. See Also Epistemology; Ethics. Philosophy of Liberation. See Liberation Theology. Photographers. Peru, 135.

Photographs. See Photography. Photography. Brazil, 1189. Caribbean Area, 36. Mexico, 2006. Physical Education and Training. Mexico, 443. Physicians. Colombia, 869. Guadeloupe, 625. Piano. Central America, 2057. Pictorial Works. Argentina, 968. Pioneer Life. See Frontier and Pioneer Life. Pirates, 173. Guadeloupe, 650. Mexico, 491. Puerto Rico, 580. See Also Buccaneers; Smuggling. Pittier, Henri, 528. Plantations, 203. Agricultural Labor, 651. Brazil, 1130, 1147. Caribbean Area, 599, 662. Cuba, 604, 696. Economic Conditions, 677. French Caribbean, 636. Guadeloupe, 554, 669. Sugar Industry and Trade, 537, 604, 628, 1093. See Also Haciendas. Playwrights. Brazil, 1871. Plaza, Victorino de la, 1020. Plazas. Costa Rica, 513. Plus Ultra, 909. Poetry. Caribbean Area, 2259. Poets. Brazil, 1871. Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe (city). History, 578. Rural-Urban Migration, 786. Police. Argentina, 973. Mexico, 265, 296. Uruguay, 1059. Political Activism. Colombia, 1709, 1712. Music, 2195. Political Boundaries. See Boundaries. Political Campaigns. See Elections. Political Candidates. See Politicians. Political Conditions, 186, 205. Argentina, 811, 965, 986, 994, 996, 2294, 2301, 2304. Bolivia, 950. Colombia, 838, 849, 859, 888. Dominican Republic, 581. Ecuador, 895, 899. Guadeloupe, 552-553, 695. Haiti, 540, 742. Martinique, 577. Mesoamerica, 80. Mexico, 115, 283. Peru, 806, 904, 916, 919, 927. Puerto Rico, 542, 581. Political Corruption. Argentina, 2294. Brazil, 1149. Guadeloupe, 729. Haiti, 781. Panama, 487. Venezuela, 835. See Also Corruption. Political Culture, 2223. Argentina, 2285. Central America, 483. Mexico, 386. Peru, 806-807. Spain, 807. Political Development. Chile, 2278. Political Geography. Colombia, 876. Political History, 183, 230, 259, 262, 817. Argentina, 2282, 2288, 2291. Brazil, 1149, 1165. Caribbean Area, 2259. Central America, 480, 483, 515. Colombia, 819.

646 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Costa Rica, 530, 535. Cuba, 726, 728, 733, 744, 752, 755, 761, 771, 2260. Dominican Republic, 744. Ecuador, 241. El Salvador, 519, 527, 529, 531, 533, 2247. Gaudeloupe, 686. Guatemala, 2251. Honduras, 536. Mexico, 241, 243, 2239, 2245. Nicaragua, 517. Panama, 485. Peru, 239, 243, 2269, 2271. Puerto Rico, 2257. Venezuela, 815816, 819, 834. Political Ideology. Argentina, 2293. Paraguay, 1049. See Also Political Philosophy; Political Thought. Political Institutions. Argentina, 2294. Political Left, 260, 2206. Argentina, 2304. Mexico, 2243. Political Participation, 2223. Argentina, 974. Brazil, 2153. Colombia, 875. El Salvador, 527. History, 262. Women, 535. Political Parties. Haiti, 742. Puerto Rico, 732, 758. Political Persecution. Guatemala, 476. Political Philosophy, 2213-2214, 2221, 2230, 2234, 2276, 2290. Argentina, 2213, 2281, 2299. Ecuador, 2266. El Salvador, 2247. Independence Movements, 817. Mexico, 2242. Uruguay, 2280. Political Repression. See Political Persecution. Political Science. Methodology, 2222. Philosophy, 2234. Research, 2222. Uruguay, 2280. Political Sociology, 2211. Venezuela, 832. Political Systems. Argentina, 2284. Colombia, 876. Political Theory, 2202, 2215, 2235. Guatemala, 2251. Mexico, 2241. Peru, 2270. Political Thought, 2214. Argentina, 2302. Chile, 2278. Dominican Republic, 724. Nicaragua, 1288. See Also Political Ideology. Political Violence. Argentina, 1002. El Salvador, 533. Guatemala, 476, 520. Haiti, 780. Peru, 908. See Also Violence. Politicians. Argentina, 1011. Colombia, 859. Guadeloupe, 729. Honduras, 536. Martinique, 690. Peru, 911. Uruguay, 1063. Pomar, Juan Bautista, 76, 1210. Pombal, Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, Marquês de, 1101. Ponce, Manuel María, 1970. Ponce, Puerto Rico (municipality). Regional History, 699. Poor. Argentina, 1018. Social Conditions, 655. See Also Poverty.

Popol Vuh, 1886. Popular Culture, 2207. Argentina, 44, 1023, 1030. Bolivia, 2073. Brazil, 2121, 2157. Mexico, 2022. Music, 2022. Peru, 52, 2091. Popular Education. See Nonformal Education. Popular Literature. Mexico, 1224. Popular Movements. See Social Movements. Popular Music. Andean Region, 1953. Bolivia, 2074. Brazil, 2116, 2121, 2144, 2146, 2151, 2156, 2168, 2170, 2180, 2188. Chile, 2104. Colombia, 2076-2077. Cuba, 2062, 2068. Latin American Influences, 2044. Mexico, 1989-1990, 2007, 2014, 2018, 2033. Peru, 2088, 2092-2095. Puerto Rico, 2052. Social Confl ict, 2190. Songs, 2116. Trinidad and Tobago, 2049. US, 2044. Population Growth. Panama, 489. See Also Birth Control. Population Studies. See Demography. Populism, 260. Argentina, 2291. Port-au-Prince, Haiti (city). Urbanization, 753. Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago (city). Architecture, 590. City Planning, 590. Social Life and Customs, 590. Porto Alegre, Brazil (city). Slaves and Slavery, 1077. Social History, 1198. Portobelo, Panama (village). Colonial History, 494. Ports. Brazil, 1087. Portuguese. Brazil, 1087. Trinidad and Tobago, 545. Portuguese Influences. Brazil, 2115. Portuguese Language. Brazil, 1196. Positivism, 2265. Argentina, 2287. Peru, 902. Postal Service. Brazil, 1185. Potatoes. History, 217. Potosí, Bolivia (dept.). Colonization, 156. History, 156. Pottery. Iconography, 2030. Poverty. Brazil, 1108. Colonial History, 1108, 1152. See Also Poor. Pozo, Chano, 2064. Praxedis, Guerrero G., 389. Precolumbian Civilizations. Education, 94. History, 87. Kinship, 79. Manuscripts, 74, 96, 111. Mesoamerica, 95. Mexico, 113. Political Conditions, 116. Sources, 107, 109. Writing, 73. Precolumbian Land Settlement Patterns, 164.

Subject Index / 647 Pregnancy. Mexico, 288, 398. Prescott, William Hickling, 107. Presidente Prudente, Brazil (city). Musical History, 2191. Presidential Systems. See Political Systems. Presidents. Argentina, 1010, 1015, 1020, 1033. Colombia, 881. Cuba, 755. Dominican Republic, 717, 756, 789. Haiti, 768, 780. Mexico, 388. Venezuela, 815. Press. See Mass Media. PRI. See Partido Revolucionario Institucional (Mexico). Priests. See Clergy. Printing, 171. Prisión Militar de Santiago Tlatelolco (Ciudad de México, Mexico), 447. Prisoners. Caribbean Area, 631. Warfare, 1053. Prisons. Brazil, 1174. Mexico, 471. Produce Trade. See Food Industry and Trade. Propaganda. El Salvador, 512. Propaganda, US, 258. Property. Ecuador, 892. Prostitutes. See Prostitution. Prostitution. Brazil, 1173. Mexico, 297, 307, 395. Protestantism. History, 215. Protestants. British Caribbean, 551. Protests, 2206. Art, 18. Mexican Americans, 2037. Mexico, 458. Music, 2019. Songs, 2050, 2077. Psychiatry. Brazil, 1109. Colonial History, 1109. Psychoanalysis, 2202. Psychology. Argentina, 966. Public Administration. Argentina, 2301. Public Finance. Costa Rica, 530. Spain, 172. Public Health. Argentina, 979, 1000. Colombia, 797, 854, 856, 877, 888, 891. Mexico, 402, 438. Peru, 918. Puerto Rico, 796. Public Opinion, Argentina. Cuba, 666. Public Opinion, Great Britain. Argentina, 998. Public Policy. Brazil, 2197. Public Safety. Uruguay, 1059. Public Schools. Uruguay, 1064. Public Spaces. Venezuela, 822. Public Transportation. See Transportation. Public Utilities. See Public Works. Public Welfare. See Social Welfare. Public Works. Brazil, 1082. Colonial History, 1082. Guadeloupe, 683-684.

Publishers and Publishing. Colombia, 837. Venezuela, 820. Puebla, Mexico (city). Musical History, 1980, 2040. Puebla, Mexico (state). Organs (musical instrument), 1988. Pueblo Indians. Land Tenure, 317. Pueblo (indigenous group). See Pueblo Indians. Puelche (indigenous group). Argentina, 991. Puerto Rico. División de Educación de la Comunidad, 790. Puga de Losada, Amalia, 141. Pumacahua, Mateo, 907. Puno, Peru (dept.). Folklore, 2091. Social Life and Customs, 2091. Punta del Este, Uruguay (city). History, 1069. Puruha (indigenous group). Music, 2079. Quality of Life, 2209. Quarup, 2161. Quechua (indigenous group). Poetry, 1213. Querétaro, Mexico (state). History, 372, 383. Political Conditions, 390. Quiché (indigenous group). Local History, 124. Sources, 100. Quilombos. Brazil, 1178. Quintana Roo, Mexico (state). Race and Race Relations, 271. Quipu, 154, 166. Quiroga, Horacio, 1014. Rabel, Fanny, 25. Race and Race Relations, 191, 205, 301, 2256. Andean Region, 2099. Argentina, 992. Brazil, 1177, 1180, 1192, 1880, 2143, 2160, 2188, 2192. British Caribbean, 551. Caribbean Area, 544, 2252. Colombia, 857, 860, 868, 877. Colonial History, 222, 1143, 1216. Dominican Republic, 613, 783. French Caribbean, 647. Haiti, 649, 652, 716. Jamaica, 560, 568-569, 646, 700, 713. Law and Legislation, 570. Martinique, 562, 575, 689. Mexico, 271, 426, 463, 1216, 1973. Peru, 905, 918, 2092. Puerto Rico, 548, 796. See Also Eugenics; Racism. Racism, 191. Brazil, 1876. British Caribbean, 645. Colombia, 868. Colonial History, 665, 1216. Cuba, 693, 757. French Caribbean, 633. Mexico, 1216. Music, 2099. Sports, 719. See Also Race and Race Relations. Radio. Brazil, 2181. Colombia, 841, 2076. National Identity, 2076. Puerto Rico, 593, 2054.

648 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Radiodifusora Nacional de Colombia, 841. Railroads. Argentina, 1006. Guadeloupe, 565. Mexico, 352, 385. Rain and Rainfall. Brazil, 2194. Rainforests. Colombia, 860. Ramírez, José, 382. Ramos, Jorge Abelardo, 1029. Ramos, Nelson, 59. Ranchers. Brazil, 1209. Rawls, John, 2221. Rawson, Amán, 1000. Rawson, Guillermo, 1000. Rebellions. See Insurrections. Recife, Brazil (city). Carnival, 2171. Maps and Cartography, 1121. Political History, 1160. Slaves and Slavery, 1204. Recife (Brazil). Câmara Municipal, 1160. Reclamation of Land. See Land Reform. See Land Tenure. Redemocratization. See Democratization. Redes, 2032. Refugees. Haiti, 716. Martinique, 745. See Also Exiles. Refugees, Spanish. Uruguay, 1072. Refugees, Syrian. Costa Rica, 1662. Reggae Music. Brazil, 2196. Puerto Rico, 2052. Regional Development. Venezuela, 818. Regional History. See Local History. Regionalism, 249. Ecuador, 899. Reinaga, Fausto, 2219. Relación de Michoacán, 90. Relaciones Geográficas, 101. Religion. African Influences, 1095. Brazil, 1143. Colonial History, 1114. Cuba, 583. Education, 824. See Also Religious Life and Customs. Religion and Politics. Ecuador, 2266. El Salvador, 518. Venezuela, 824. Religious Life and Customs, 181. African Influences, 2178. Andean Region, 149. Argentina, 813, 986. Brazil, 1095, 2114, 2163. Colombia, 848-849, 856. Colonial History, 505. Guatemala, 505. Mexico, 292, 302, 310, 322, 358, 445, 460, 1967. Puerto Rico, 784. Spanish Conquest, 77. Trinidad and Tobago, 615. Viceroyalty of New Spain (1540-1821), 318. See Also Carmelites; Religion. Religious Music, 1956, 1976. Brazil, 2142. Colonial History, 1979. Cuba, 2063. Ecuador, 2083. Manuscripts, 1979. Mexico, 1979, 1993, 2004, 2039, 2041. Viceroyalty of New Spain (1540-1821), 1995, 2004. Remittances. See Emigrant Remittances.

Repression. Brazil, 2161, 2167. Republicanism. Argentina, 2285. Research. Colombia, 845. Dominican Republic, 617. Libraries, 198. Mexico, 264. Puerto Rico, 763. Resources. Dominican Republic, 616, 626. Reviews. See Art Criticism. Revolutionaries. Biography, 236. Colombia, 844. Cuba, 673, 741, 771. Guatemala, 520. Haiti, 642. Nicaragua, 1288. Venezuela, 827. See Also Revolutions and Revolutionary Movements. Revolutionary Literature. Venezuela, 833. Revolutions and Revolutionary Movements, 189, 238, 245, 259, 262. Argentina, 974, 1017. Art History, 6. Bolivia, 931. Central America, 480, 522. Cuba, 666, 709, 733, 752, 771. Dominican Republic, 664. El Salvador, 527, 529. History, 726. Honduras, 522. Intellectual History, 833. Mexico, 303, 341, 389, 401, 425. Paraguay, 1051. Public Opinion, US, 235. Puerto Rico, 721. Venezuela, 833. See Also Revolutionaries. Revueltas, Silvestre, 2032. Reyes, Bernardo, 367. Rhetorica Christiana, 1218. Ricardo, Manoel Joaquim, 1201. Río Cuarto (Argentina). Local History, 197. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (city). Blacks, 1208. Carnival, 2171. Church History, 1158. Church-State Relations, 1158. Colonial History, 1086. Convents, 1118. Diseases, 1118. Economic History, 1208. Food, 1075. Intellectual History, 240. Material Culture, 1075. Music, 2174. Music Industry, 2152. Musical History, 2162. Prostitution, 1173. Samba, 2170. Social Confl ict, 1086. Social History, 1086, 1171, 1173. Social Life and Customs, 1171. Theater, 2109. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (state). Colonial History, 1092. Jesuits, 1092, 1156. Missions, 1156. Political History, 1182. Río de la Plata (region). Elites, 814. Social Classes, 814. Wars of Independence, 814. Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (state). Church History, 1126. Migration, Italian, 209. Prisons, 1174. Social History, 1174. Riots. Argentina, 1002. Colombia, 875. Rites and Ceremonies, 2155. Brazil, 2130, 2186. Colonial History, 506. Corn, 2164. Guatemala, 506. Indigenous Peoples, 2201. Mexico, 1697, 2020. Music, 2195.

Subject Index / 649 Rituals. See Rites and Ceremonies. Rivera, Diego, 24. Rivière, Romaine, 652. Roa, Raúl, 2258. Roads, 208. California, US (state), 342. Mexico, 266. Rocha y Carranza, José Antonio de la, marqués de Villarocha, 487. Rock Music. Bolivia, 2074. Brazil, 2179. Rockefeller Center, 24. Rodas, Hugo, 1868. Rodrigues, Nelson, 1868. Rodríguez Larraín, Emilio, 53. Rojas, Ricardo, 984. Rojas Soriano, Raúl, 461. Rolland, Modesto C., 421. Romero, Francisco, 746, 2303. Romero Duarte, Benjamín, 28. Ronco, Bartolomé José, 1031. Rosario Region (Argentina). Military History, 1001. Rosas, Juan Manuel de, 998, 1042. Rose, of Lima, Saint, 799. Rota, Domingo, 797. Rousseau, Hubert, 553. Rowan, Andrew Summers, 707. Rozo, Rómulo, 50. Ruiz Pasos, Víctor, 2031. Rulers. See Kings and Rulers. Rural Conditions. Argentina, 996. Bolivia, 951. El Salvador, 533. Historiography, 252. Puerto Rico, 790. Rural Development. Brazil, 1131. Rural Poverty. See Poverty. Rural Sociology. History, 252. Rural-Urban Migration. Guadeloupe, 786. Haiti, 753. Russian Influences. Mexico, 1966. Russian Revolution (1917-1921). Argentina, 974, 981. Sacred Music. See Religious Music. Sagradini, Mario, 62. Sahagún, Bernardino de, 98. Salaries. See Wages. Salas, Esteban, 2063. Salavarrieta, Policarpa, 884. Salazar Bondy, Augusto, 2268, 2272. Saldanha da Gama, Antonio de, conde de Porto Santo, 1085. Salomon, Lysius, 717. Salomón, Miguelito, 1974. Salomón, Roberto, 1700. Salsa. Puerto Rico, 2054. Salvador, Brazil (city). African Influences, 1151. Architecture, 1127. Carnival,

2171. Economic History, 1197. Food Supply, 1197. History, 1151. Military History, 1127. Religious Life and Customs, 2178. Slaves and Slavery, 1151, 1204. Samba. Brazil, 2117, 2143-2144, 2153, 2170, 2182, 2196, 2198. San Antonio Daily Light, 380. San Germán, Puerto Rico (city). Social Classes, 708. San José, Costa Rica (city). Architecture, 513. City Planning, 513. San Juan, Argentina (prov.). Minerals and Mining Industry, 963. San Luis Potosí, Mexico (city). Intellectual Life, 393. Social Conditions, 355. San Luis Potosí, Mexico (state). Elections, 391. Political Conditions, 391. Political Parties, 391. San Martín, José de, 971. San Miguel de Allende, Mexico (city). Tourism, 1973. Sanabria Fernández, Hernando, 936. Sánchez Azcona, Juan, 465. Sandinistas (Nicaragua), 510. Feminism, 1331. Women, 514. Sandino, Augusto César, 508, 510, 517, 1288. Sanitation. See Public Health. Santa Catarina, Brazil (state). Economic History, 1185. Postal Service, 1185. Santa Cruz, Bolivia (dept.). Political Conditions, 942. Regionalism, 942. Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia (city). Sources, 810. Santa Fe, Argentina (prov.). Political Conditions, 1022. Santa Rosa Júnior, Tomás, 1861. Santa Susana Chapel (Soca, Uruguay), 58. Santander, Colombia (dept.). Biography, 871. Intellectual History, 871, 885. Political Conditions, 871. Santander, Francisco de Paula, 821. Santiago, Cuba (city). Civilization, 697. History, 697. Intellectuals, 1704. Santiago de Cuba (prov.). Blacks, 693. Political History, 693. Race and Race Relations, 693. Santiago de los Caballeros, Dominican Republic (city). History, 664. Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic (city). Slaves and Slavery, 613. Santo Ofício da Inquisição dos Reinos de Portugal, 1120, 1144. Santoro, Cláudio, 2185.

650 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Sanuma (indigenous group). See Yanomamo (indigenous group). São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Brazil (municipality). Rites and Ceremonies, 2131. São João del Rei, Brazil (city). History, 1157. São Paulo, Brazil (city). Diseases, 1115. Economic History, 1164. Education, 2129. Gold, 1164. Music Industry, 2152. Popular Music, 2193. Public Health, 1115. Rock Music, 2179. Social History, 1115. São Paulo, Brazil (state). Blacks, 1192. Colonial Administration, 1125. Colonial History, 1125. Immigrants, 1192. Musicians, 2168. Political History, 1125, 1167. Racism, 1192. Singers, 2186. São Paulo (Brazil). Discoteca Pública Municipal, 2118. Sarmiento, Domingo Faustino, 2289. Sarralde, Ruben, 63. Satineau, Maurice, 729. Schools. Brazil, 1141. Mexico, 280. Science. Modernization, 463. Scientific History, 213. Brazil, 1203. Central America, 478. Costa Rica, 528. Scientists. Paraguay, 1054. Sculptors. Caribbean Area, 34. Sculpture, 19. Argentina, 41. Colombia, 50. Mexico, 26. Security. See National Security. Segregation. Indigenous Peoples, 1216. Self-Determination. See Autonomy. See Sovereignty. Semana de Arte Moderna, 2140. Seminario Archdiocese de Toledo (Uruguay), 58. Sendero Luminoso (guerrilla group), 908. Separation. See Divorce. Seregni, Líber, 1063. Serrano Poncela, Segundo, 762. Seventh-Day Adventists. Church History, 253. Sex and Sexual Relations. Colombia, 856. Mexico, 349. Viceroyalty of New Spain (1540-1821), 349. See Also Gender Relations. Sexism. Brazil, 1202. Music Industry, 2173. Shining Path (guerrilla group). See Sendero Luminoso (guerrilla group). Sierra, Justo, 384. Sierra Gorda, Mexico (territory). Political Conditions, 390. Sigüenza y Góngora, Carlos de, 311. Silva, Clara, 1545. Silva, Isabel Marques da, 2189.

Silver. Colonial History, 218. Silver Mines and Mining. Bolivia, 156. Simon, Antoine, 768. Singers. Bolivia, 2074. Brazil, 2123, 2166. Colombia, 50. Cuba, 2066-2067. Haiti, 2047, 2053. Mexico, 1960, 1965, 1974. Peru, 2092, 2096. Puerto Rico, 2055. Slave Trade. See Slaves and Slavery. Slavery. See Slaves and Slavery. Slavery (abolition). Guadeloupe, 692, 701. Slaves and Slavery, 203, 207, 621. Argentina, 1034. Atlantic Trade, 606. Bahamas, 630. Barbados, 620. Bolivia, 156. Brazil, 233, 1074, 1085, 1102-1103, 1119, 1128, 1146, 1169, 1180, 1188, 1194, 1200, 1207, 2123. British Caribbean, 627, 645, 651. Caribbean Area, 544, 579, 613. Cuba, 233, 604, 658, 693, 698, 711. Databases, 702. Diseases, 1103. Dominican Republic, 602. Economic Conditions, 233, 1208. Economic Systems, 678. Education, 1141. Family and Family Relations, 350, 1207. French Caribbean, 647, 705. Great Britain, 582. Guadeloupe, 554, 587, 665, 669, 685, 687. Haiti, 588, 637-638, 640, 649, 677. Insurrections, 582, 629, 889, 1168. Jamaica, 568-569, 656, 660, 678, 700, 715. Law and Legislation, 570, 582, 804. Martinique, 562, 694, 714. Mass Media, 1181. Medical Care, 1102-1103. Medicine, 1103. Mexico, 491. Military, 557. New Mexico, US (state), 330. Newspapers, 1181. Nicaragua, 496-497. Nutrition, 662. Panama, 494. Peru, 804, 925. Public Health, 11021103. Puerto Rico, 548, 702-703, 706, 1404. Religion, 1143. Religious Life and Customs, 551, 620. Saint-Domingue, 546, 637. Social Conditions, 705. South America, 1207. South Carolina, US (state), 582. Spanish Conquest, 327. Sugar Industry and Trade, 1093. Treatment of, 1085. Women, 1077, 1173. Writing, 1141. Slenes, Robert W., 1180. Smith, Paul Hudson, 364. Smuggling. Caribbean Area, 612. Puerto Rico, 580. Sobrino, Jon, 2249. Soccer. Social Conditions, 248, 1170. Women, 248, 1170. Social Change, 2224. Argentina, 959. Chile, 2278. History, 240. Mexico, 430. Uruguay, 60. Social Classes. Argentina, 959, 979. Brazil, 2160. Colombia, 889. Colonial History,

Subject Index / 651 224. French Caribbean, 633-634. Guadeloupe, 644. Mexico, 298. Peru, 903, 905. Puerto Rico, 796. Social Conditions, 249, 2209, 2230. Argentina, 989, 1038, 1045, 2290. Caribbean Area, 613. Colombia, 2264. Colonial History, 227. Ecuador, 892. French Guiana, 655. Haiti, 753. Martinique, 563. Mexico, 270, 282-283, 285, 434. Peru, 920. Puerto Rico, 542. Uruguay, 1061. Venezuela, 2262. Social Confl ict. Argentina, 1002. Art, 48. Bolivia, 951. Colombia, 48-49. Dominican Republic, 723. Guadeloupe, 779. Jamaica, 713. Mexico, 341, 2019. Social Customs. See Social Life and Customs. Social Darwinism, 2287. Social History, 2226, 2234. Argentina, 132. Brazil, 1075, 1107, 1110, 1170, 1189. Caribbean Area, 544. Central America, 495, 509, 526. Costa Rica, 498-499. Cuba, 603. El Salvador, 512, 518. Guatemala, 482, 507. Law and Legislation, 224. Mexico, 291, 435, 1216. Venezuela, 831, 2262. Social Justice, 2234. Mexican-American Border Region, 2023. Music, 2190. Social Life and Customs. Amazon Basin, 152. Argentina, 997. Bolivia, 945. Caribbean Area, 579. Colonial History, 1221. Jamaica, 718. Literature, 1227. Martinique, 688. Mexico, 286, 368. Music, 2184. Peru, 2092. Puerto Rico, 708. Viceroyalty of New Spain (1540-1821), 2008. Social Marginality. Brazil, 1146. See Also Marginalized Peoples. Social Media, 2224. Social Movements. El Salvador, 527. Guatemala, 520. Mexico, 431, 451, 2240. Puerto Rico, 571. Social Organization. See Social Structure. Social Policy. Central America, 2248. Mexico, 2248. Minorities, 2234. Social Reform, 246. Social Relations. See Social Life and Customs. Social Services. Argentina, 1018. Social Status. Brazil, 1140. Colonial History, 1140. Jamaica, 568. Social Structure. Colombia, 859. Social Welfare. Guadeloupe, 767, 777. Mexico, 437. Socialism and Socialist Parties, 2206, 2216, 2302. Argentina, 969, 1029. Bolivia, 947.

Cuba, 733, 2260. Ecuador, 897. Guadeloupe, 552-553. Guatemala, 2251. Mexico, 2243. Puerto Rico, 758. Venezuela, 832, 834, 2261. Sociedad Abakuá (Cuba), 704. Soconusco, Mexico (region). Colonial History, 502. Commerce, 378. Softball. See Baseball. Soils. Ecuador, 894. Soldiers. Bolivia, 948. Colonial Administration, 559. Colonial History, 1111. Guadeloupe, 751. Puerto Rico, 547. Social Conditions, 556. Uruguay, 1065. Songs. Brazil, 2116. Colombia, 2077-2078. Festivals, 2172. Puerto Rico, 2050. Sonora, Mexico (state). Economic Conditions, 422. Sorcery. See Witchcraft. South Sea Company, 219. Sovereignty. Caribbean Area, 2256. Panama, 511. See Also Autonomy. Soviet Influences. Cuba, 733. Spain. Armada, 228. Spain. Cortes (1810-1813), 904. Spain. Ejército, 372, 825. Spain. Marina. Tercio de Galeones, 228. Spaniards. Dominican Republic, 762, 772. Mexico, 383. See Also Spanish Influences. Spanish-American War (1898), 666, 707, 709. Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). Children, 1072. Exiles, 762, 772. Paraguayans, 1048. Pictorial Works, 1048. Prisoners, 1048. Uruguay, 1070-1071. Spanish Conquest, 313. Bolivia, 136. Crime and Criminals, 145. Hispaniola, 610. Historians, 76, 1210. Historiography, 97. Indigenous Peoples, 67. Mexico, 66, 348. Painting, 23. Peru, 128, 134, 153. Philosophy, 213. Political Conditions, 99. Public Opinion, 153. Puerto Rico, 611. Sources, 153, 1214, 1223. Viceroyalty of New Spain (1540-1821), 97. Yucatán Peninsula, 345. Spanish Influences, 185, 188. US, 196. See Also Spaniards. Spencer, Herbert, 2265. Spivacke, Harold, 2118. Sports. Argentina, 997. Brazil, 1170. Cultural Relations, 247. Dominican Republic, 793. Mexico, 368, 413, 443. Puerto Rico, 572, 784. Racism, 757. Women, 248.

652 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Standard of Living. See Cost and Standard of Living. Standard Oil Company, 939. State, The. Argentina, 970. Mexico, 2242. State-Building, 183, 232. Argentina, 2289, 2295. Colombia, 850, 867, 876-879. Costa Rica, 530. Ecuador, 893. Education, 839. El Salvador, 519. Guadeloupe, 684. Haiti, 681. Mexico, 371, 411, 439, 443, 453, 1972, 2033. State Violence. See Political Violence. Statehood. Puerto Rico, 738. Statesmen. Argentina, 971, 1000, 1042. Peru, 2269. Steel Bands (music). Trinidad and Tobago, 2051. Stephens, John L., 32. Stevenson, Robert M., 1981. Stone, Doris, 516. Storni, Alfonsina, 1014. Stravinsky, Igor, 1966. Strikes and Lockouts. Guadeloupe, 779. Stroessner, Albert, 1055. Stroessner, Alfredo, 1056. Student Movements. Argentina, 972. Central America, 509. History, 254. Mexico, 293, 430-431, 458, 461, 475, 2240. Panama, 511. Puerto Rico, 758. Socialism, 897. Sources, 509. Students. Government, Resistance to, 1055. Mexico, 18, 1658. Political Participation, 18, 972. Suassuna, Ariano, 1856, 1868. Sucre, Guillermo, 1408. Sugar Industry and Trade. Brazil, 1093, 1147. Cuba, 604. Dominican Republic, 727. French Caribbean, 606. Guadeloupe, 565, 586, 587, 595, 669, 692, 779, 786. Haiti, 743. Martinique, 595, 680, 714. Mexico, 284. Plantations, 636. Puerto Rico, 537. Slaves and Slavery, 604, 1093. Suicide. Dominican Republic, 756. Surrealism (art). Mexico, 15. Suruí (indigenous group). Rites and Ceremonies, 2177. Sustainable Development, 2209. Syncretism. Brazil, 2178. Catholicism, 2106. Mexico, 310. Syndicalism. Argentina, 962. Tabasco, Mexico (state). Pirates, 491. Slaves and Slavery, 491. Taino (indigenous group). Dominican Republic, 592. Spanish Conquest, 611. Tajín Site (Mexico), 464.

Taller 4 Rojo (Colombia), 49. Tamaulipas, Mexico (state). Economic Conditions, 281. Tamayo, Rufi no, 30. Tapajó (indigenous group). Land Settlement, 143. Tarascan (indigenous group). Colonial History, 108. Tariffs. Bolivia, 944. Taxation. British Caribbean, 671. Colonial History, 549. Taxco, Mexico (town). Silver, 102. Taxes. See Taxation. Taylor, Simon, 700. Teachers. Mexico, 417. Revolutions and Revolutionary Movements, 417. Venezuela, 826. Teatro Amazonas (Manaus, Brazil). History, 1860. Teatro da Vertigem (Brazil), 1879. Teatro de Arena de São Paulo, 1858, 1877. Teatro de Orientación (theater group), 1715. Teatro de Ulises (theater group), 1715. Teatro do Estudante do Brasil, 1862. Teatro Duse (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), 1869. Technological Innovations. Brazil, 1176. Technology. Historiography, 199. Technology Transfer. Brazil, 1176. Techo de la Ballena (literary group), 65. Tehuelche (indigenous group). Argentina, 991. Ethnic Identity, 168. History, 168. Medical Care, 2203. Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre, 1671. Television. Music, 2175. Teotihuacán Site (Mexico). Painting, 110. Tepic, Mexico (town). Investments, 360. Tercero, Juan Diego, 2024. Textbooks. Colombia, 837, 839, 857. History, 170. Textiles and Textile Industry. Andean Region, 149. Bolivia, 935. Colonial History, 216, 225. Theater. Brazil, 1854, 1856, 1860-1861, 1864, 1866, 1877, 1879, 1882, 2109, 2123, 21322134, 2136. Chile, 1703. Colombia, 1709. Colonial History, 2109. Criticism, 1866, 1868. Cuba, 1704. Ecuador, 2087. El Salvador, 1700. Mexico, 1972, 2035. Music, 2132-2133. Musicians, 2035. Political Activism, 1712. Political Conditions, 1864. Puerto Rico, 1686. Social Reform, 1858. Uruguay, 1701. Wit and Humor, 1856, 1867.

Subject Index / 653 Theologia Indorum, 125. Tierra del Fuego (region). Description and Travel, 1019. Literature, 2279. Tirado, Pedro, 2069-2070. Tlatelolco, Mexico (zone). Student Movements, 2240. Tlaxcala, Mexico (state). Indigenous Peoples, 88. Torres, Camilo, 864. Totonicapán, Guatemala (dept.). History, 75, 396. Tourism. Brazil, 2158. Colombia, 873. Peru, 923. Toussaint Louverture, 632, 637, 639, 641643. Towns. See Cities and Towns. Trade. See Commerce. Trade Unions. Argentina, 962, 1016. Mexico, 273, 466, 470. Puerto Rico, 584. Uruguay, 1060-1061. Traditional Medicine. Mesoamerica, 82. Transportation, 208. Argentina, 1006. Mexico, 266, 436. Tratado de las supersticiones y costumbres gentílicas que oy viven entre los indios naturales desta Nueva España, 1211. Travel. See Description and Travel. Travelers. Argentina, 1044. History, 244. Mexico, 359. Peru, 923. Traversari, Pedro Pablo, 2085. Triana, Miguel, 2265. Trigo, Bernardo, 932. Trindade Island (Brazil), 1186. Triple Alliance War (1865-1870). See Paraguayan War (1865-1870). Trujillo Molina, Rafael Leónidas, 722, 727, 743, 756, 773, 783. Trump, Donald, 260. Tucano (indigenous group). History, 133. Tucma (indigenous group). See Diaguita (indigenous group). Tucumán, Argentina (prov.), 1021. Epidemics, 979. Tukano (indigenous group). See Tucano (indigenous group). Tupac-Amaru, José Gabriel, 161. Tupi-Guarani (indigenous group). Origins, 164. TV. See Television. Tydings, Millard Evelyn, 736. Tzintzuntzan, Mexico (town). Indigenous Peoples, 333. Ulate, Otilio, 534.

Umbanda (cult). Brazil, 2165. UN. See United Nations. Unamuno, Miguel de, 1544. Underdevelopment. Mexico, 303. Undocumented Immigrants, Mexican. US, 272. Unesco. Slave Route (project), 1119. United Nations, 534. United States. Army. Infantry Regiment, 369th, 2054. Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 475. Universidad de los Andes (Mérida, Venezuela), 829. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 887. Universities, 174, 187. Colombia, 887. Mexico, 287. Venezuela, 829. See Also Higher Education. University Reform. Argentina, 972. Unomásuno, 433. Upegui Moreno, María Jesús, 874. Uranga, Emilio, 2246. Urban Areas. Education, 924. Employment, 1025. Music, 2122, 2176. Urban History. Mexico, 354. Urban Planning. See City Planning. Urbanization. Brazil, 1184, 1860. Colombia, 879. Guadeloupe, 578, 786. Mass Media, 1184. Mexico, 355, 374, 432. Puerto Rico, 739. Uribe Uribe, Rafael, 1945. Urquiza, Justo José de, 1033. Urubu (indigenous group). Brazil, 2125. Rites and Ceremonies, 2125. Uruguayans. Spain, 1070. Urviola, Ezequiel, 921. US Influences, 258. Haiti, 791. Puerto Rico, 572. USS Memphis, 774. Utopia, 2279. Valadés, Diego, 1218. Valdés, Jesús, 1705. Valle, José Cecilio del, 2250. Vallejo, César, 2271. Vanguardia, 969. Vanguardia Liberal de Bucaramanga, 838. Varela, Félix, 2255. Vargas, Pedro, 50. Variedades, 909. Vasconcelos, José, 20, 300, 426. Vega, Garcilaso de la, 153, 1212. Veloso, Caetano, 2156. Venables, Robert, 623-624. Venezuelans. France, 828.

654 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Veracruz, Mexico (state). History, 417. Mass Media, 295. Newspapers, 295. Radio, 295. Religious Music, 1967. Vespucci, Amérigo, 2279. Viana, Oduvaldo, 1867. Vianna Filho, Oduvaldo, 1881. Viceroyalty of Lima (1542-1822). Ethnic Groups and Ethnicity, 808. Hospitals, 801. Indigenous/Non-Indigenous Relations, 801-802. Marriage, 808. Medical Care, 801, 805. Political Conditions, 807. Religious Life and Customs, 799-800, 808. Social Life and Customs, 800-801. Social Mobility, 809. Viceroyalty of New Spain (1540-1821). Artistic Culture, 2028. Books, 312. Colonial Administration, 99, 324. Colonial Literature, 1228. Colonial Music, 1979. Cultural History, 1228. Dance, 1961. Ethnic Groups and Ethnicity, 320. Evangelistic Work, 1219. Family and Family Relations, 347. Iconography, 2028. Indigenous Languages, 1225. Indigenous/Non-Indigenous Relations, 315, 324, 328, 346. Indigenous Peoples, 81. Jesuits, 318. Missions, 315. Musical History, 1993, 2003, 2029. Musical Instruments, 2027, 2034. Musicians, 1961. Newspapers, 312. Pottery, 2030. Religious Music, 2040. Taxation, 324. Theater, 2035. Warfare, 329. Women, 1961. Writers, 1228. Viceroyalty of Río de la Plata (1776-1810). Indigenous Peoples, 142. Vicuña, Cecilia, 1902. Vidaurri, Santiago, 403. Videocassettes. Peru, 2098. Vieira, António, 1154. Vila Rica, Brazil (city). Blacks, 1137. History, 1073, 1082, 1137. Social History, 1076. Vilamajó, Julio, 64. Villa, Pancho, 447. Villa-Lobos, Heitor, 2107, 2112, 2139, 2185, 2187. Villagra Caleti, Agustín, 110. Villancicos, 1958. Colonial History, 1976. Indigenous Peoples, 1980. Mexico, 2041. Villanueva, Laureano, 816. Villegaignon, Nicolas Durand de, 1117. Violence. Colombia, 844. Colonial History, 137. Mexico, 297. See Also Abused Women; Political Violence. Virginity. See Sex and Sexual Relations. Vivó, Buenaventura, 407. Wages. Argentina, 975.

War of 1898. See Spanish-American War (1898). War of the Pacific, 1879-1884, 933. War of the Triple Alliance. See Paraguayan War (1865-1870). Warfare, 1057-1058. Amazon Basin, 1111. Argentina, 1001. Brazil, 1111. Wars of Independence, 231-232, 238-239, 858. Argentina, 811-812, 995, 1007, 1011. Bolivia, 945. Chile, 977. Colombia, 884, 886, 889. Cuba, 666, 707. Mexico, 243, 372, 449. Peru, 243, 806. Public Opinion, 244. Venezuela, 825, 833. Writing, 244. See Also Independence Movements. Water Resources Development. Brazil, 1082. Water Rights. Bolivia, 941. Water Supply. Mexico, 446. Wealth. Argentina, 959. Brazil, 1081, 1147. Weaving. See Textiles and Textile Industry. Weddell, Hugh Algernon, 950. Welfare. See Social Welfare. Welsh. Argentina, 991. West Indians. US, 2253. West-Indische Compagnie (Netherlands), 1124. Wiethüchter, Blanca, 1587. Wills. Colonial History, 128. Witchcraft. Brazil, 1206. Women. Argentina, 978, 1025, 1034, 1040. Art, 35, 961. Artists, 10, 25. Biography, 423. Blacks, 603. Bolivia, 937, 2276. Books, 961. Brazil, 2117. Candomblé (cult), 2135. Chaco War (1932-1935), 930. Cold War, 795. Colombia, 863, 865-866, 882, 884, 886. Colonial History, 321, 1222. Commerce, 715. Composers, 2173, 2189. Costa Rica, 535. Crime and Criminals, 307. Cuba, 603. Economic Conditions, 350. Ecuador, 892. Education, 377, 457, 863, 915. Employment, 277, 541, 795, 955. Freedmen, 644. Government, Resistance to, 759, 1055. Inquisition, 221. Intellectuals, 2233. Jews, 305. Martinique, 541. Mass Media, 10, 1179. Medical Care, 795. Mexico, 269, 277, 294, 398, 409, 449, 457, 472, 475, 1977-1978. Military Government, 1037. Music, 1984-1985. Musicians, 1961, 2037, 2153-2154. Nicaragua, 514. Outlaws, 1195. Paraguayan War (18651870), 987. Peru, 804, 915. Pirates, 580. Political Participation, 514, 754, 866. Popular Culture, 248. Portuguese, 809. Prostitution, 297. Religious Life and Customs, 321. Revolutions and Revolutionary

Subject Index / 655 Movements, 236, 409. Science, 200. Singers, 1965, 2166. Slaves and Slavery, 620, 660, 804. Social Reform, 1039. Sports, 247, 793. Travel Literature, 200. Warfare, 930. Wars of Independence, 866. Writers, 886. Writing, 1138. Women’s Rights. Dominican Republic, 754. Mexico, 457. Woment. Employment, 1025. Working Class. See Labor and Laboring Classes. World War I (1914-1918), 255-256. Argentina, 1018, 1038. Guadeloupe, 735, 751. Historiography, 257. World War II (1939-1945), 251. Colombia, 870. Martinique, 745. Mexico, 416. Puerto Rico, 769. Writers. Colonial History, 87, 803. Nicaragua, 1331. Puerto Rico, 1682. Writing. Colonial History, 1138. Xingu (indigenous group). Rites and Ceremonies, 2177.

Yanoama (indigenous group). See Yanomamo (indigenous group). Yanomami (indigenous group). See Yanomamo (indigenous group). Yanomamo (indigenous group). Music, 2190. Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA), 784. Youth. Mexico, 293, 411. Music, 2121. Yucatán, Mexico (state). Acculturation, 117. Bibliography, 357. Description and Travel, 357. History, 357, 399. Indigenous/ Non-Indigenous Relations, 338. Pirates, 491. Slaves and Slavery, 491. Sovereignty, 365. Yucatán Peninsula. Elites, 345. Zambrana, Fabio, 2074. Zarzuelas. Ecuador, 2087. Zavaleta Mercado, René, 2275. Zulia Ilustrado, 820. Zumaya, Manuel de, 2041. Zyman, Samuel, 1971.

AUTHOR INDEX

A la sombra de la diplomacia: actores informales en las relaciones internacionales de México, siglos XIX y XX, 263. A nossos pés, 1753. Abadi, Patricio, 1653. Abbate, Florencia, 1450, 1589. Abdó, Adriana, 1230. Abello Vives, Alberto, 836. Abreu, Caio Fernando, 1719. Abreu, Christina D., 2061. Abreu, Marcio, 1837. Abreu, Martha, 1119, 2105. Abreu, Martha Campos, 1180. Abreu Cardet, José Miguel, 664. Abril, Carlos R., 1955. Abril, Mariano, 1341. Academia Boyacense de Historia, 230. Academia Nacional de la Historia (Argentina), 232. Academia Puertorriqueña de la Historia, 732. Acalá, Rosa, 1902. Acervos regionales en la construcción histórica, 264. Acevedo Márquez, Harold, 572. Acevedo P., Rafael E., 837. Acevedo Rodrigo, Ariadna, 450. Acevedo Tarazona, Alvaro, 838. Aceves Sepúlveda, Gabriela, 10. Acha, Juan, 28, 51. Acha, Omar, 238. Acosta, José, 1335-1336. Acosta, Juan, 1654. Acosta, Yolanda, 1280. Acosta López, María del Rosario, 48. Adame, Ángel Gilberto, 409. Adélaïde-Merlande, Jacques, 665. African heritage and memories of slavery in Brazil and the South Atlantic world, 1074. Afro-Catholic festivals in the Americas: performance, representation, and the making of Black Atlantic tradition, 2106. Agostoni, Claudia, 410. Agrait, Gustavo, 1341. Agresti, Alejandro, 1451. Aguayo Hernández, Fernando, 352.

Agudo Sanchíz, Alejandro, 2242. Agüero, Ana Clarisa, 953. Agüero, José Carlos, 1590. Aguerre, Enrique, 57. Aguilar, Alejandro F., 1337. Aguilar, Jimena, 1655. Aguilar Aguilar, Gustavo, 427. Aguirre Aragõn, Erick, 1281. Aguirre-Lora, Georgina María Esther, 1959. Aguirre Salvador, Rodolfo, 179. Ahumada y Vera, Luisa María del Rosario, 1222. Aillón, Virginia, 2273. Aira, César, 1911, 1928. Aire leve: una antología de narradores hondureños, 1282. Ak’abal, Humberto, 1591. Al-Alam, Caiuá Cardoso, 1206. Alanís Rufi no, Mercedes, 353. Alarcón, Reynaldo, 2267. Alarcón Guerrero, Roque, 1960. Alarcón Meneses, Luis Alfonso, 839. Albarrán, Elena Jackson, 411. Alberto, Eliseo, 1338. Albornoz, Martín, 1044. Albuquerque, Wlamyra Ribeiro de, 1177. Alcántara Almánzar, José, 1339. Alcibíades R., Mirla, 2233. Aldé, Veronica, 2164. Alegre González, Lizzette Amalia, 1961. Alegría, Claribel, 1592. Alegría, José S., 1341. Aleixo, Ricardo, 1754. Alemán, Adolfo, 1296. Los alemanes en la Argentina: 500 años de historia, 954. Alén, Olavo, 2043. Alexander, Anna Rose, 354. Alexandre, Marcos Antônio, 1852. Alfonseca Giner de los Ríos, Juan B., 412. Alfonso Ortega, Óscar de, 234. Algranti, Leila Mezan, 1075. Aljovín de Losada, Cristóbal, 895, 901. Allemandi, Cecilia L., 955. Allen, Esther, 1902.

658 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Allen, Stephen D., 413. Almada, Selva, 1912. Almada Roche, Armando, 1503. Aloé, Víctor Dante, 956. Alou, Felipe, 719. Alpini, Alfredo, 1059. Altable, Francisco, 308. Altamar, Raúl, 1330. Altamirano, Marcos Antonio, 127. Althusser desde América Latina, 2202. Altman, Ida, 66, 622. Altuve-Febres Lores, Fernán, 919. Alva Ixtlilxóchitl, Fernando de, 309. Alvarado, Leonel, 2056. Alvarado Rodríguez, María del Pilar, 429. Alvarenga, Luis, 1604. Alvarez, Adriana, 957. Álvarez, Andrea, 1452. Álvarez, Carlos Manuel, 1340. Alvarez, Mari-Tere, 9. Alvarez Gimenez, María Elvira, 930. Álvarez Meneses, Rogelio, 1962-1964. Álvarez Múnera, José Roberto, 840. Alvarez White, María Cecilia, 1. Alves, Castro, 1871. Alvim, Luíza, 2107. Álzaga Manresa, Raúl, 721. Alzate, Gabriel Jaime, 1409. Alzate Cuervo, Liliana, 1694. Amado González, Donato, 128. Amador Baquiro, Juan Carlos, 841. Amalgama de historias en la construcción del México de entresiglos XIX-XX, 355. Amantino, Marcia, 1090, 1143. Amaral, Mônica G.T. do, 2157. Amaral, Olavo, 1720. Amaral-Rodríguez, Janette, 67. Amaro, Vagner, 1739. Amézaga Heiras, Gustavo, 1965. Amor, Monica, 2. Amorim, Humberto, 2108-2110. Análisis de la dramaturgia cubana actual, 1695. Análisis de la dramaturgia uruguaya actual, 1696. Anaya Merchant, Luis, 281. Anderson, Jon Lee, 761. Andrade, Alex, 1721. Andrade, Carlos Drummond de, 1722, 1814. Andrade, Francisco Eduardo de, 1073, 1076. Andrade, Mário de, 2111. Andrade, Paula Valéria, 1755. Andrés García, Manuel, 508. Andrews, Chris, 1911-1912.

Andruetto, María Teresa, 1453. Andujar, Andrea, 1045. Andújar Castillo, Francisco, 487. Angel, Memo, 1410. Angiolillo, Francesca, 1756. Antezana Ergueta, Luis, 931. Antezana J., Luis H., 1582. Anti-colonial texts from Central American student movements 1929-1983, 509. Antoine, Sherlo, 720. Antología de narradoras hondureñas, 1283. Antología de narrativa paraguaya, 1504. Antología de poesía paraguaya, 1546. Antología de teatro rionegrino en la posdictadura, 1656. Antología del cuento modernista puertorriqueño, 1341. Antología del pensamiento crítico argentino contemporáneo, 2281. Antología del pensamiento crítico boliviano contemporáneo, 2273. Antología del pensamiento crítico caribeño contemporáneo: West Indies, Antillas Francesas y Antillas Holandesas, 2252. Antología del pensamiento crítico chileno contemporáneo, 2278. Antología del teatro santafesino actual, 1657. Antología esencial del cuento dominicano: siglo XX, 1342. Antología: teatro del 68, 1658. Antzus Ramos, Ioannis, 1408. Anuario de Estudios Americanos, 488. Apaolaza Llorente, Dorleta, 596. Apolinaire, Eduardo, 129. Aponte Alsina, Marta, 537. Aquino, Mônica de, 1757. Aquino Casas, Arnulfo, 18. Araiza Hernández, Elizabeth, 1697. Aram, Bethany, 488-489. Aramburú, Roxana, 1659. Aranda, Santiago, 1671. Aranda Mendíaz, Manuel, 68. Arantes, Altino, 1167. Araujo, Alejandro, 450. Araujo, Ana Lucia, 1074, 1077. Araújo, Carlos Eduardo Moreira de, 1141. Araújo, Nerivaldo Alves, 2200. Araujo, Patrícia Vargas Lopes de, 1078. Arboleya, Jesús, 721. Arcanjo, Loque, 2112. Archilla, Egidio Colón, 1343. Archivio vaticano, 799. Archivo General de Indias, 616-617.

Author Index / 659 Archivo General de la Nación (Dominican Republic), 616, 740. Archivo General de la Nación (Dominican Republic). Departamento de Investigación y Divulgación, 760. Archivo Histórico del Municipio de Colima, 114. Archivo Histórico Pablo L. Martínez, 432. Ardila, Clemencia, 1229. Ares Yebra, Javier, 1966. Arévalo de León, Bernardo, 476. Argentina y Cuba frente al 98 cubano: miradas cruzadas en torno al advenimiento del nuevo siglo nuestroamericano, 666. Argyriadis, Kali, 1967. Arias, Arturo, 1284. Arias, Beatriz, 1593. Aristizábal, Catherine, 211. Arizaga Rodarte, José Julio, 265. Armando, Juan Freddy, 1360. Armenta Malpica, Luis, 1884. Arpini, Adriana, 2268. Arráiz Lucca, Rafael, 815. Arredondo, María Adelina, 287. Los arreglos del presidente Portes Gil con la jerarquía católica y el fi n de la guerra cristera: aspectos jurídicos e históricos, 414. Arrioja Díaz Viruell, Luis Alberto, 477. Arroyo, Sergio Raúl, 20. Arroyo Pizarro, Yolanda, 1682. Arroyo Sotomayor, Alejandra M., 415. The art of solidarity: visual and performative politics in Cold War Latin America, 3. ArtCultura, 2113. Un arte sin tutela: Salón Independiente en México, 1968-1971 = Art without guardianship: Salón Independiente in México, 1968-1971, 11. Arte y disidencia política: memorias del Taller 4 Rojo, 49. Arte y fi losofía: la cultura del cuidado del patrimonio histórico y la salud, 2203. Arteaga, Agustín, 17. Arteaga, María Teresa, 892. El ascenso de Trujillo al poder 1929-1930, 722. Así se forjó la historia: acción sindical e identidad de los trabajadores metalúrgicos en Uruguay, 1060. Aspectos de la historiografía moderna: milicia, iglesia y seguridad: homenaje al profesor Enrique Martínez Ruiz, 212. Assis, Angelo Adriano Faria de, 1099.

Assis, Glauber Loures de, 2114, 2163. Assunção, Matthias Röhrig, 1168. Astesano, Eduardo, 2204. Astol, Eugenio, 1341. Atas do Congresso Internacional “Musicologia transatlântica: um momento para reflexão”, 2115. ATEACOMP (Association), 1699. Atlântico de dor: faces do tráfico de escravos, 1169. Ato poético: poemas pela democracia, 1758. Ausente ardor de arena & algarrobos: antología de la poesía piurana contemporánea, 1547. Ávalos, Jorge, 1302. Ávila, Diego de, 1506. Avila, Jacqueline A., 1968. Avilés García, Aurora Yaratzeth, 27. Ayala Mora, Enrique, 231. Ayape, Carlos Sola, 416. Ayes, Manuel, 1285. Ayllón, Virginia, 1588. Bacalgini, Bruna, 1878. Bacolla, Natacha, 1022. Badrán Padauí, Pedro, 1411. Báez, Rodolfo, 1350. Bahena Pérez, Martha Atzin, 315. Bailón Vásquez, Fabiola, 297, 307. Balderas Vega, Gonzalo, 310. Ballesteros Capasso, Humberto, 1412. Ballo, Nélida, 1660. Balloffet, Lily Pearl, 958. Baltar, Marcos, 2116. Baltes, Peter, 2269. As bambas do samba: mulher e poder na roda, 2117. Barahona Michel, Rosario, 932. Barbalho, Alexandre, 1753. Barcellos, Marta, 1723. Barcia, María del Carmen, 711. Barcos, María Fernanda, 959. Bares, Andio, 1286. Barjau, Luis, 97. Barquero, Adrián A., 1296. Barragán, Claudia, 17. Barragán, Luis Carlos, 1413. Barragán, Manuel, 1684. Barral, María Elena, 960. Barranco Lagunas, Isabel, 275. Barrañón Cedillo, Alejandro Augusto, 1969. Barrera Martínez, Carlos H., 230. Barreto, Igor, 1885. Barría Alvarado, Ariel, 1287. Barringer, Timothy J., 718.

660 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Barrón Corvera, Jorge, 1970-1971. Barros, Abílio Leite de, 1747. Barros, Carlos, 2196. Barros, Sônia, 1759. Barros, Walderez de, 1846. Barroso, Carlos, 1760. Bartholomew, Doris A., 71. Baruc, Daniel, 1344. Basaure, Mauro, 2225. Bassi, Ernesto, 842. Bastos, Carlos Augusto, 1111. Bastos, Gisele Lessa, 1761. Bastourre, Laura, 129. Batalla Rosado, Juan José, 74. Battcock, Clementina, 69, 97, 104. Batticuore, Graciela, 961. Baudoin, Magela, 1903. Bauer, Ralph, 213. Bazzett, Michael, 1886. Becerra, Janette, 1345. Becerra, Sergio, 253. Bechis, Ulises, 1657. Beezley, William H., 1954. Behar, Olga, 1414. Behar, Ruth, 1398, 1887. Bel, Martijn van den, 597-600, 606, 608-609. Belenus, René, 667. Belkin, Alejandro Marcelo, 962. Bellatin, Mario, 1231-1232. Belli, Gioconda, 1331. Bello Chávez, Guillermo, 1061. Benavides, Leopoldo, 2278. Benavides, Wáshington, 1594. Benavides Silva, Fabián Leonardo, 178. Benavídez de Albar Díaz, Mabel, 963. Bendaña, Alejandro, 1288. Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, 201. Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. Instituto de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, 264, 387. Bennett, Jorge, 1289. Bentancor, Martín, 1537. Benton, Bradley, 309. Beretta Curi, Alcides, 1062. Berger, Timo, 1558. Bergstein, Lena, 1768. Bermúdez, Isabel Cristina, 851. Bernal, Facundo, 1888. Bernales, Enrique, 1595. Bernatek, Carlos, 1454. Berríos-Miranda, Angie, 2044. Berríos-Miranda, Marisol, 2044. Berroa, Fernando, 1360. Berti, Eduardo, 1913.

Bertrand, Michel, 172. Bess, Michael Kirkland, 266. Bessa, Antonio Sergio, 1764. Béthune, Christian, 2157. Bialuschewski, Arne, 490-491. Biblioteca Pública do Paraná, 1751, 1795. Bicalho, Maria Fernanda, 1079-1080. Biczel, Dorota, 53. Bidegain, Marcela, 1708. Binazzi, Biancamaria, 2118. Bingemer, Maria Clara Lucchetti, 246. Birenbaum Quintero, Michael, 2075. Bischof, Chris, 668. Bitrán Goren, Yael, 1972. Bizai, Carlos César, 964. Black, Amanda M., 1973. Blackmore, Lisa, 723. Blanco Ojeda, Félix, 417. Blanco-Rivas, Joel A., 538. Blank, Sérgio, 1762. Block, K. Jean-André, 625. Blum, Liliana V., 1233. Bobes León, Marilyn, 1346. Bochy, Bruce, 719. Bocketti, Gregg P., 1170. Boff, Leonardo, 246. Bogado Pompa, Marcelo, 130. Bogotá 39: new voices from Latin America, 1904. Bohrer, Alex Fernandes, 1073. Bolaño, Roberto, 1914. Bolcatto, Hipólito Guillermo, 2282. Bolívar, Simón, 230. Bolívar Moguel, Clara, 13, 51. Bonafoux y Quintero, Luis, 1341. Bonaparte, Luis, 2282. Bonecas quebradas: ensaios de um processo criativo em teatro documental, 1853. Bonet, Juan Manuel, 17. Bonetti, Lucas Zangirolami, 2119. Bonfi l Batalla, Guillermo, 1974. Bonialian, Mariano Ardash, 798. Bonilla, Fernando, 1518. Bonilla, Walter R., 572. Bonilla López, Douglas José, 510. Bonilla Rojas, Betuel, 1330. Bonilla Vélez, Jorge Iván, 1229. Bonnefoy, Baptiste, 492. Bonnett, Piedad, 1548. The book of Havana, 1883. Boone, Luis Jorge, 1234. Borde, Christian, 648. Borge, Jason, 2120. Borges, Afonso, 1724. Borges, Sueli, 2196.

Author Index / 661 Borja Gómez, Jaime Humberto, 1. Borrego Gutiérrez, Esther, 1958. Borzutzky, Daniel, 1902. Bosch, Juan, 724. Bosemberg, Luis Eduardo, 843. Botey, Mariana, 2241. Boullosa, Carmen, 1235. Boutin, Raymond, 669. Boxer, David, 34. Boza Gómez, Kyle, 1661-1662. Bracho Ghersi, Joel, 1320. Bradford, Lisa, 1891. Braga, Rubem, 1741. Brandão, Ignácio de Loyola, 1742. Brando, Oscar, 1524. Brangier, Víctor M., 193. Brás, João Marcelo, 2121. Brasil, Anderson, 2122. Brasil, Eric, 1171. Brasil, Geraldino, 1763. Bravo, Paulina, 17. Bravo Rubio, Berenise, 104. Brazilian theater, 1970-2010: essays on history, politics and artistic experimentation, 1854. Brendecke, Arndt, 214. Brenner, Beatriz, 1763. Brescia, Rosana Marreco, 2128. Bressan, Raquel, 965. Brian, Amber, 309, 311. Brício, Pedro, 1838. Brigenthi, Agenor, 246. Briolotti, Ana, 966. Briones, Claudia, 450. Brito, Eugenia, 1587. Brito Díaz, Carlos, 1226. Brizuela, Jean Carlos, 816. Brockmann, Sophie, 478. Bromberg, Shelly Jarrett, 725. Brown, Jonathan Charles, 726. Brown, Tammy L., 2253. Bruni, Simón, 1940. Bruno, Paula, 1044. Bruscky, Paulo, 1764. Bruzzone, Félix, 1455. Bryce, Benjamin, 967. Bryer, Elizabeth, 1939. Brylak, Agnieszka, 70. Buarque, Chico, 1948. Buarque, Virgínia, 2124. Bubello, Juan, 181. Budasz, Rogério, 2123. Buenaventura, Alejandra, 194. Buenaventura Gómez, Laura Alejandra, 194.

Bueno, Eva Paulino, 1854. Bueno, Luís, 1751. Bueno, Nahuel, 996. Buenos Aires memoria antigua: fotografías 1850-1900 = Buenos Aires: ancient memory: photographs, 1850-1900, 968. Buitrago Roa, Luis Miguel, 844. Bulcão, Heloisa Lyra, 1855. Bulnes, Carlos E., 1290. Bunstead, Thomas, 1916, 1929. Buonuome, Juan, 969. Burciaga Campos, José Arturo, 276. Burel, Hugo, 1507-1508. Burgos, Andrés Eloy, 817. Burgos, Isabel, 1291. Burgos Cantor, Roberto, 1415. Burgos López, Campo Ricardo, 1407. Burigo, Joanna, 1740. Burk, Wendy, 1903. Burke, Kyle, 245. Burkholder, Arno, 418. Burkholder, Mark A., 170. Burocracias estatales: problemas, enfoques y estudios de caso en la Argentina (entre fi nes del siglo XIX y XX), 970. Buroni, José Raúl, 971. Burset Flores, Luis Rafael, 601. Buscacio, Cesar Maia, 2124. Buss, Alcides, 1765. Bustelo, Natalia, 972. Bustos, Miguel Ángel, 1889. Bustos Lozano, Guillermo, 893. Butazzoni, Fernando, 1509. Buve, Raymundus Thomas Joseph, 298. Caballero, Irina del Cármen, 479. Caballero Argáez, Carlos, 881. Cabral, Inez, 1766. Cabral de Melo Neto, João, 1766. Cabrera Prieto, Gerardo, 626. Cacaso, 1752. Cáceres Álvarez, Luis, 2088. Cáceres Lara, Víctor, 1296. Cacho Caballero, Xiomara, 1283, 1292. Cadilla de Martínez, María, 1341. Caetano, Gerardo, 1063, 2237. Caggiano, Sergio, 2281. Caicedo Estela, Andrés, 1663. Caimari, Lila M., 973. Calcagno, Francisco, 1399. Caldas Neto, Paulo, 1856. Caldeira, Jorge, 1081. Caldera, Héctor Aníbal, 1596. Calfucurá, Juan, 131. California State University, Long Beach. University Art Museum, 39.

662 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Calisaya Mamani, José Domingo, 2089. Callejo, Fernando, 2048. Calvente, Lisa B.Y., 6. Calvi, Pablo, 171. Calvo, Thomas, 334. Camacho, Eliodoro, 933. Camacho Díaz, Gonzalo, 1961. Camacho Domínguez, Adriam, 711. Camaradas: nueva historia del comunismo en México, 2239. Camarero, Hernán, 974. Camargo, Robson Corrêa de, 1854. Camarinha, Hugo Maximino, 2125. Cambio institucional y fiscalidad: mundo hispánico, 1760-1850, 172. Camelo, Thiago, 1767. Cameros, Gerber, 1293. Camier, Bernard, 2045. Camogli, Pablo, 811. Campbell, Patricia Shehan, 1975. Campbell Barr, Shirley, 1568. Campos, Alejandro, 2262. Campos, Gustavo, 1294. Campos, Haroldo de, 1857. Campos, Lúcia, 2126. Canales, Carlos, 173, 771. Canales, Nemesio R., 1341. Canary Islands, 1226. Cancel, Mario R., 539. Cánchica, Néstor, 1433. Candlin, Kit, 627. Cañedo Gamboa, Sergio Alejandro, 362. Caneyada, Imanol, 1236. Cano, Joel, 1664. Cano Ginés, Antonio, 1226. Cantabrana Carassou, María, 1070. Cantus Firmus (musical group), 2083. Caplan, Allison, 83. Capoeira em múltiplos olhares: estudos e pesquisas em jogo, 2127. Caputo, Giuseppe, 1416. Carbajal López, David, 356. Carballo, Antonio, 1347. Carballo, Francisco, 2205. Carbonari, María Rosa, 197. Cardenuto, Reinaldo, 1858. Cardona Zuluaga, Patricia, 845. Cardoso, Alírio, 1111. Cardoso, Carlos Eduardo, 1768. Cardoso, Lúcio, 1949. Cardoza y Aragón, Luis, 20. Cardoze, Dennis, 479. Careaga Viliesid, Lorena, 357. Carignano, Valentín, 132. Carles, Marjolaine, 1082.

Carmo, Jairo, 1725. Carmona, Kaio, 1769. Carmona Ruiz, Jorge Eduardo, 2057. Carpinejar, 1743-1744, 1770. Carraher, Séamas, 1883. Carranza Vera, Claudia, 1227. Carrascoza, João Anzanello, 1726, 1822. Carregha, Luz, 381. Carreira, André, 1701. Carrera-Maul, Luis, 16. Carreras, Carlos N., 1341. Carreras Varona, Eloísa, 2216. Carril, Lourdes, 2157. Carrillo, Germán, 192. Carrión, Andrea, 894. Carrizo, Bernardo, 1022. Carson, Margaret B., 1947. La Carta de Jamaica en el siglo XXI: aproximaciones críticas a un documento bicentenario, 817. La Carta de Jamaica: visiones, imaginarios y geopolítica: bicentario, 1815-2015, 230. Cartografía literaria en homenaje al profesor José Romera Castillo, 1698. Caruso, Laura, 975. Carvajal, José, 549, 2257. Carvalho, Ana Cecília, 1727. Carvalho, Elísio de, 1745. Carvalho, Francismar Alex Lopes de, 1083. Carvalho, Marieta Pinheiro de, 1113. Carvalho, Mirian de, 1813. Carvalho, Rafael F., 1771. Carvalho, Sérgio de, 1881. Carvalho Júnior, Almir Diniz de, 1084. Carvalho Viotti, Ana Carolina de, 1085. A Casa da Ópera de Vila Rica: Ouro Preto 1770-2020, 2128. Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana “Benjamín Carrión”. Núcleo de Chimborazo, 2079. Casagrande, Orsola, 1883. Casamayor-Cisneros, Odette, 1348. Casas García, Juan Carlos, 318. Casey, Calvert, 1349. Cashner, Andrew A., 1976. Casimir, Jean, 540. Cassoli, Marileide Lázara, 1172. Castagna, Paulo, 2129. Castañeda, Jorge G., 451. Castañeda Galeano, Sigrid, 1. Castañeda García, Rafael, 1227. Castaño Pareja, Yoer Javier, 419. Castañón, Adolfo, 2246. Castillero Calvo, Alfredo, 493. Castillo, Abelardo, 1540.

Author Index / 663 Castillo, Efraím, 1665. Castillo, José del, 762. Castillo Berthier, Héctor F., 267. Castillo Ramírez, Guillermo, 420. Castillo Silva, Vilka Elisa, 1977-1978. Castillo Troncoso, Alberto del, 458. Castor, Suzy, 727. Castrillo, Mario, 1549. Castrillón, Agamenón, 1594. Castro, Andrés de, 71. Castro, Fidel, 728. Castro, Guilherme Azambuja, 1728. Castro, J. Justin, 421. Castro, Marcelo Ribeiro de, 1173. Castro, Miguel Angel, 359. Castro, Moisés Santana, 1350. Castro, Ruy, 1746. Castro Carpio, Augusto, 902-903. Castro Torres, Mario, 934. Castro Vega, Jorge, 1510. Catálogo de obras de música del Archivo del Cabildo Catedral Metropolitano de México, 1979. Cataño, Gonzalo, 2263. The Catherwood project: incidents of visual reconstructions and other matters, 32. Catholic Church. Conferencia del Episcopado Mexicano, 429. Catholic Church. Diocese of Zamora (Michoacán de Ocampo, Mexico), 429. Catron, John W., 215. Cattaneo, Susana, 1597. Cavalcanti, Isabel, 1772. Cavalcanti, Maria Laura Viveiros de Castro, 2130. Cavalcanti, Mario Filipe, 1729. Cavalcanti, Nireu Oliveira, 1086. Cavazzani, André Luiz Moscaleski, 1087. Cavnar, Clancy, 2114, 2163. Cazón Vera, Fernando, 1550. Cejudo Espinosa, Luis, 94. Celaya Aguilar, Suzette Daniela, 422. Celma, Cécile, 541. Cento Gómez, Elda, 670. Centre inter-instituts de formation religieuse, 782. Centro Archive’s Digital Collections, 542. Centro Atlántico de Arte Moderno, 35. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social (Mexico), 111, 204. Centro Nacional de Historia (Venezuela), 817. Cepeda Gómez, José, 212. Cerri, Daniel, 1047.

Cerritos, Jorgelina, 1666. Certucha Llano, Mercedes, 281. Cesar, Ana Cristina, 1752-1753. Cesar, Tiago da Silva, 1174. Chabaud, Jaime, 1667. Chacón, Joaquín-Armando, 1237. Chacón Torres, David Ernesto, 818. Chagas, Jorge, 1511. Chahín, Plinio, 1351. Chalhoub, Sidney, 1180. Chambouleyron, Rafael, 1129. Chaparro Rodríguez, Juan Carlos, 819. El charango: historias y tradiciones vivas, 1953. Chartier, Roger, 274. Chassen de López, Francie R., 388, 423. Chathuant, Dominique, 729-730. Chatriot, Alain, 1022. Chaves, José Ricardo, 181. Chaves, Luis, 1598. Chaves Jr., José Inaldo, 1088. Chávez, Yoshiro, 1599. Chávez Bárcenas, Ireri Elizabeth, 1980. Chávez Casazola, Gabriel, 1551. Chávez Clavijo, Gabriela, 935. Chávez Gómez, José Manuel, 315. Chávez Mac Gregor, Helena, 31. Chávez Ojeda, Ofelia Janeth, 282. Chazkel, Amy, 1193. El Che y otras rebeldías: antología, 2206. Chedrese, María Eugenia, 666. Cheney, Paul Burton, 628. Cherñavsky, Analía, 1979. Chevalier, Nan, 1360. Chías, Edgar, 1668. Chirinos Arrieta, Eduardo, 1552. Chocano, Rodrigo, 2090. Chomsky, Aviva, 480. Chowning, Margaret, 358. Christensen, Mark Z., 72. Chust Calero, Manuel, 806. Ciapuscio, Héctor, 976. Ciaramitaro, Fernando, 182. Cid Carmona, Victor J., 312. Cid Felipe, José Alberto del, 511. Cillóniz de la Guerra, Antonio, 1553-1556, 1600. Cintrón Aguilú, Amílcar, 731. Ciofane, Amanda, 846. Cipolletti, Maria Susana, 133. Ciudad de México: la política como voluntad y representación, 1800-2012, 268. Civilización y barbarie: textos, cuerpos y miradas de la “otredad” desde el horizonte hispanoamericano, 2283.

664 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Clamar en el verde desierto: mujeres en la historia contemporánea del sureste de México, 269. Clark, Walter Aaron, 1957, 1981. Clayfield, Anna, 733. Cleary, Heather, 1941. Clemente, Adriana, 995. Códices, 73. Los códices mesoamericanos: registros de religión, política y sociedad, 74. Cohen, Líliam Cristina Barros, 2131. Colección Patricia Phelps de Cisneros, 7. Colectivo 450 Fresnillo, 276. Colectivo por el Bicentenario de la Revolución del Cusco, 907. Colegio de México, 204. Colegio de Michoacán, 204. Colimodio, Roberto A., 977. Collado, María del Carmen, 428. Collado Martell, Alfredo, 1341. Collin, Luci, 1730, 1773. Colombres, Adolfo, 2207. Colón González, José Luis, 732. Colón Santana, José Enrique, 1352. Coloquio Historia y Representaciones Sociales, Colima, Mexico, 2012, 270. Coloquio Internacional El Viajero y la Ciudad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 2007, 359. Colóquio Internacional “Inquisição: religiosidade, o Tribunal do Santo Ofício e as Minas setecentistas”, Tiradentes, Brazil, 2011, 1162. Coloquio Internacional “La Representación del Indio en Crónicas y Manuscritos,” Mexico City, Mexico, 2014, 104. Coloquio internacional Miradas sobre Hernán Cortés, Madrid, 2015, 313. Combès, Isabelle, 936-938, 950. Comensal, Jorge, 1238. Comentario bíblico-teológico latinoamericano sobre Medellín: a 50 años de la II Conferencia General del Episcopado Latinoamericano, 246. Comisarenco Mirkin, Dina, 25. A Companhia de Jesus e os Índios, 1089. A Companhia de Jesus na América por seus colégios e fazendas: aproximações entre Brasil e Argentina (século XVIII), 1090. Concari, Héctor, 1434. Concha, José Pablo, 2208. Concurso Binacional de Pintura y Dibujo Siqueiros-Pollock, Ciudad Juárez, Mexico, 2017, 1884.

Concurso Binacional Fronterizo de Poesía Pellicer-Frost, Ciudad Juárez, Mexico, 2017, 1884. La condición humana en el pensamiento cubano del siglo XX, 2254. Conferencia General del Episcopado Latinoamericano, 2nd, Bogotá; Medellín, Colombia, 1968, 246. Congreso Argentino Internacional de Teatro Comparado 5th, Gualeguaychú, Argentina, 2011, 1699. Congreso Ecuatoriano de Historia, 8th, Quito, 2009, 231. Congreso en Conmemoración del Bicentenario de la Independencia Argentina, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina, 2016, 232. Congreso Internacional de Historia de las Universidades Hispánicas 12th, Mexico City, 2012, 174. Connolly, Jonathan, 671. Conover, Cornelius Burroughs, 314. Consiglio, Jorge, 1456. Conteris, Hiber, 1541. Contreras, Hilma, 1353. Contreras Reynoso, José Daniel, 75. Contreras Soto, Eduardo, 1982. Contreras Valdez, José Mario, 360. Coombe, Charlotte, 1917. Cordero, Karen, 25. Cordero Michel, Emilio, 543. Córdoba Restrepo, Juan Felipe, 847. Córdova, Carlos Espinosa Fernández de, 895. Córdova, David Alejandro, 1700. Córdova Iturregui, Félix, 1354. Cormack, William S., 629. Cornejo-Purán, Marcelo, 2104. Cornelis, Stella Maris, 970. Corona, Ricardo, 1774. Coronel Prosman, Jorge, 1051. Coronel Rivera, Juan, 15. Correa, Oscar, 1355. Correa Ramírez, Jhon Jaime, 838. Cortelletti, Juan Manuel, 1457. Cortés, Carlos, 1295. Las Cortes de Cádiz y su impacto en el Perú y América, 904. Cortés Guerrero, José David, 848-849. Cortez, Leonardo, 1839. Cortina Orero, Eudald, 512. Corvalán Marquéz, Luis, 175. Cosamalón Aguilar, Jesús A., 905. Las cosas del querer: amor, familia y matrimonio en Iberoamérica, 176.

Author Index / 665 Cossío Díaz, José Ramón, 376. Costa, Ana Paula Pereira, 1091. Costa, André, 1142. Costa, Edil Silva, 2200. Costa, Erick, 1775. Costa, Margaret Jull, 1949. Costa-Lima Neto, Luiz, 2132-2133. Costadoat Carrasco, Jorge, 246. Costilla Martínez, Héctor Alejandro, 76, 1210. Cote, Andrea, 1574. Cote, Stephen C., 939. Cotto-Thorner, Guillermo, 1915. Coudart, Laurence, 274. Courtoisie, Rafael, 1601. Couto, Cristiana, 1175. Couto, Ronaldo, 1092. Covarrubias, Israel, 2214. Covey, R. Alan, 134. Coy, Negma, 1602-1603. Cranmer, David, 2115. Cravari, Federico, 361. Crespo, Horacio, 2212. Crewe, Ryan Dominic, 77. Cribelli, Teresa, 1176. Crisis civilizatoria, desarrollo y buen vivir, 2209. Crisis de la dramaturgía y las prácticas escénicas en la contemporaneidad, 1701. A crônica dos quatro, 1747. Crónicas en el Mundo Novohispano (roundtable), Mexico City, Mexico, 2014, 97. Cross, Esther, 1458. Crow, Joanna, 135. Crowley, John E., 1093. Cruz, Miguel Dantas da, 1094. Cruz Barney, Oscar, 414. Cruz Durán, Giovanny, 1356. Cruz García, Raúl, 424. Cruz Lira, Lina Mercedes, 176. Cuadernos del bicentenario, 232. Cuadro Cawen, Inés, 254. Cuba’s forgotten decade: how the 1970s shaped the revolution, 733. Cucurella, Paula, 45. Cucurto, Washington, 1459. Cuéllar-Barandiarán, Guillermo, 2058. Cuenca, Ricardo, 906. Cuénteme cuentos catrachos, 1296. Cuesta, Micaela, 2235. Cueto Roig, Juan, 1357, 1400. Cultural nationalism and ethnic music in Latin America, 1954. Cunill, Caroline, 338. Cunin, Elisabeth, 271, 450.

Cuño, Justo, 192. Curley, Robert, 425. Curry, Christopher, 630. El Cusco insurrecto: la revolución de 1814 doscientos años después, 907. Cymbron, Luísa, 2134. Da escravidão e da liberdade: processos, biografias e experiências da abolição e do pós-emancipação em perspectiva transnacional, 1177. Daibert, Robert, 1095. Dalla Corte, Gabriela, 1048. Dallas Museum of Art, 17. Dalton, David S., 426. Dalton, Roque, 1604. D’Alva, Roberta Estrela, 1859. Dana, Victoria, 1239. Dando cuenta: estudios sobre el testimonio de la violencia política en el Perú (19802000), 908. Dangl, Benjamin, 940. Daniel, Claudio, 1776. Daou, Ana Maria, 1860. D’Argenio, Maria Chiara, 909. Daria, James, 1983. Darío, Rubén, 1557. Das formações negras camponesas: ensaios sobre os remanescentes de quilombos no Brasil, 1178. Datri, Edgardo, 2284. Davies, Drew Edward, 1979, 2041. Dávila, Amparo, 1905. Dávila, Luis Ricardo, 829. Dávila y Lugo, Francisco de, 614. Day, Stuart Alexander, 293. De ahí nomás: poesía actual de Centroamérica y del Caribe, 1558. De Giuseppe, Massimo, 2230. de la Flor, Fernando R., 800. De la Peza Casares, María del Carmen, 1984. De la piedra al pixel: reflexiones en torno a las edades del libro, 177. De Mérida a Taguzgalpa: seráficos y predicadores en tierras mayas, chiapanecas y xicaques, 315. De Nueva España a México: el universo musical mexicano entre centenarios (1517-1917), 1985. De Teotihuacán a los aztecas: antología de fuentes e interpretaciones históricas, 78. De Vito, Christian G., 631. Debates sobre el noroeste de México: agricultura, empresas y banca (1906-1940), 427.

666 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Debs Ramos, Nancy, 1358. Decentering the nation: music, Mexicanidad, and globalization, 1986. Declercq, Stan, 79. Degetau y González, Federico, 1341. Degiovanni, Fernando, 2210. Degrazia, Marcelo, 1731. Dehouve, Danièle, 80. Deive, Carlos Esteban, 632, 1359. Del Castillo, Lina, 850. Del mariache al mariachi, música y músicos, 1987. Delgado, Susy, 1504, 1546. Delgado Mancilla, Abraham, 136. Delgado Parra, Gustavo, 1988. Delprat, François, 828. Delrio, Walter Mario, 138. Dempsey, Genevieve E.V., 2135. Denegri, Francesca, 908. Las derechas en el México contemporáneo, 428. Descolonizando mundos: aportes de intelectuales negras y negros al pensamiento social colombiano, 2264. Desteffaniz, Carolina, 132. Deutsch, Sandra McGee, 978. Di Candia, César, 1512. Di Dionisio, Eugenio, 253. Di Leone, Luciana, 1753. Di Liscia, María Silvia, 970. Di Meglio, Gabriel, 1002. Di Stefano, Roberto, 986. Diálogo musical, 2136. Dias, Marluce Oliveira, 1203. Díaz, Carla, 137. Díaz, Florentino, 1605. Díaz, Jorge, 1669-1670. Díaz, Juan Diego, 2137. Díaz, Nelson, 1513. Díaz Arias, David, 535. Díaz Balsera, Viviana, 1211. Díaz Fernández, Pascual, 1704. Díaz Güémez, Marco Aurelio, 12. Díaz López, Johanna, 1360. Díaz Orozco, Carmen, 2233. Díaz-Santana Garza, Luis, 1989-1992. Diel, Lori Boornazian, 81. Diez Acosta, Tomás, 734. Díez-Canedo Flores, María, 1993. Dillman, Lisa, 1921, 1935. Dillon, Marta, 1460. Dimas, Carlos S., 979. Dimensões do catolicismo no Império português (séculos XVI-XIX), 1096.

Diniz, Sheyla Castro, 2138. Diplomacia, malones y cautivos en la frontera sur, siglo XIX: miradas desde la antropología histórica, 980. Diplomacia, negocios y política: ensayos sobre la relación entre México y el Reino Unido en el siglo XIX, 362. The directory for confessors, 1585: implementing the Catholic Reformation in New Spain, 316. Discurso, compromiso e historia: una aproximación sociológica al trabajo intelectual y político, 2211. Dobrinin, Pablo, 1514. Documentación y Estudios de Mujeres, A.C., 275, 1275. Documentos de pastoral cívica y social de la Iglesia Católica en la Diócesis de Zamora, Michoacán, 1930-1970, 429. Documentos para la historia de la Orden Franciscana en América Central 15231937, 481. Doeswijk, Andreas L., 981. Dolhnikoff, Luis, 1784. Domeneck, Ricardo, 1732. Dómina, Esteban, 812. Domingo, Claudina, 1240. Domingos, Simone Tiago, 1097. Domingues, Petrônio, 1177. Domínguez, Peter, 1350. Domínguez Rubio, Lucas, 972. Los Dominicos en la política, siglos XVIIIXIX, 178. Dominzaín, Susana, 1060. Donatello, Luis Miguel, 1022. Donnadieu, Jean-Louis, 633-637, 643. Donoso Romo, Andrés, 430. Dorigny, Marcel, 828. Döring, Katharina, 2182, 2196. Dornan, Inge, 672. Dorta Vargas, Miguel Felipe, 820. dos Reis, Anderson Roberti, 1098. dos Santos, Nadja Paraense, 1203. Dos titanes en la historia y la cultura cubanas, 673. Douglass, John G., 336. Drago, Niuxa, 1861. Dralyuk, Boris, 1888. La dramaturgia de Neuquén entre vistas: en homenaje a Victor Mayor (1948-2007), 1702. Draper, Susana, 431, 2240. Drinot, Paulo, 910. Duany Destrades, Lídice, 673.

Author Index / 667 Duarte, Constância Lima, 1179. Dubatti, Jorge, 1717. Dubatti, Ricardo, 1653, 1681, 1707. Dubois, Laurent, 2046-2047. Dudeque, Norton, 2139. Dudley, Shannon, 2044. Dueñas Vargas, Guiomar, 176. Dufendach, Rebecca, 82. Dumont, Jacques, 735. DuPlessis, Robert S., 216. Duprey Salgado, Néstor R., 736. Durand, Jorge, 272. Durlacher, Andrea, 1515. Dutt, Rajeshwari, 674. Eagle, Marc, 602. Earle, Rebecca, 217. Ebright, Malcolm, 317. Ecarri Bolívar, Antonio, 821. Echaurren, Pablo, 46. Echevarría Peré, Ahmel, 1361. Edición crítica del proceso apostólico de Santa Rosa de Lima, 1630-1632: Congr. Riti Processus 1573, Archivum Secretum Vaticanum, 799. Edificar e transgredir: clero, religiosidade e Inquisição no espaço ibero-americano (séculos XVI-XIX), 1099. Edwards, Magdalena, 1951. Egg, André, 2140. Ehlers S. Prestán, Sonia, 1297. Ekiss, Keith, 1898. El Salvador. Dirección Nacional de Investigaciones en Cultura y Arte, 2058. Elescano, Gisela, 232. Elgoyhen, Lucie, 1708. Elísio, Geraldo, 1777. Eller, Anne, 737. Elsey, Brenda, 247-248. Emergiendo del silencio: mujeres negras en la historia de Cuba, 603. En Buenos Aires 1928, 982. En el país de nomeacuerdo: archivos y memorias del genocidio del estado argentino sobre los pueblos originarios, 1870-1950, 138. En torno a fronteras e intelectuales: conceptualizaciones, itinerarios y coyunturas institucionales, 2212. Encender la teoría: lecturas de la modernidad desde América Latina contemporánea, 2213. Enciso Lizárraga, Sayra Selene, 432. Encontro de Musicologia Histórica, 11th, Juiz de Fora, Brazil, 2016, 2141.

Encontro de Musicologia Histórica, 12th, Juiz de Fora, Brazil, 2018, 2142. Encontro Internacional de História Colonial, 5th, Maceió, Brazil, 2014, 1099. Enes, Thiago, 1100. Enfoques plurales en la historia de la población, 983. Engemann, Carlos, 1090. Enrici, Aldo, 2203. Enríquez, José Ramón, 1671. Enríquez, Lucero, 1979. Enríquez Sánchez, Antonio de Jesús, 302. Entre la iracundia retórica y el acuerdo: el difícil escenario político argentino, 2285. Entre montañas y sierras: resistencia y organización laboral en Monterrey en el siglo XX, 273. Entrekin, Alison, 1948. A “época pombalina” no mundo luso-brasileiro, 1101. Erman, Sam, 738. Escala, Javier, 817. Escallón, Eduardo, 1417. Escalona Chádez, Israel, 673. Escamilla González, Iván, 84. Escanlar, Gustavo, 1516. Escárzaga, Fabiola, 2219. Esclavitud y diferencia racial en el Caribe hispano, 544. Escobar, Arturo, 2209. Escobar Herrera, Andrés M., 178. Escobar Nogueira, José Eduardo, 1778-1779. Escobar Ohmstede, Antonio, 204. Escolar, Diego, 138, 151. Escravidão e capitalismo histórico no século XIX: Cuba, Brasil e Estados Unidos, 233. Escravidão e cultura Afro-Brasileira: temas e problemas em torno da obra de Robert Slenes, 1180. Escrituras de la historia: experiencias y conceptos, 274. Escudero, Marcial Lorenzo, 1704. Escuela de Gobierno Alberto Lleras Camargo, 881. Eslava Estrada, Francisco Fernando, 1994. Espacios de saber, espacios de poder: iglesia, universidades y colegios en Hispanoamérica siglos XVI-XIX, 179. Espelt-Bombin, Silvia, 139. Espiga, Silvana, 1064. Espina, Eduardo, 1652. Espinheira Filho, Ruy, 1780. Espinosa, Catherine, 851. Espinosa de los Monteros, Santiago, 1884.

668 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Espinoza, Mauricio, 1898. Espinoza Soriano, Waldemar, 140-141. Esquinca, Bernardo, 1241. Estado, cultura y sociedad: aportes del CIESAS en el campo histórico y antropológico, 180. Esterrich, Carmelo, 739. Estética y emancipación: fantasma, fetiche, fantasmagoría, 2241. Esteves, José de Jesús, 1341. Estevez, Rolando, 1887. Estrada de Ramírez, Aurora, 1559. Estrada Orrego, Victoria, 852. Estrada Saavedra, Marco, 2242. Estrade, Paul, 675. Estramil, Mercedes, 1517. Estrella, Ulises, 1606. Estudios de arte latinoamericano y caribeño, 4. Estudios sobre la historia del esoterismo occidental en América Latina: enfoques, aportes, problemas y debates, 181. Etchechury Barrera, Mario, 1065. Etchecopar, Dolores, 1607. Ethnohistory, 82-83. Eugênio, Alisson, 1102-1103. Evangelización, educación y cultura en Tezcoco: siglos XVI al XVIII, 84. The events of 1965 in the Dominican Republic: documents from the United Kingdom’s National Archives = Los eventos de 1965 en la República Dominicana: documentos de The National Archives del Reino Unido, 740. Extrañamiento, extinción y restauración de la Compañía de Jesús: la Provincia Mexicana, 318. Extranjeros, naturales y fronteras en la América ibérica y Europa (1492-1830), 182. Facal Santiago, Silvia, 1066. Fadanelli, Guillermo J., 1242. Fajardo, Elias, 1781. Falcón, Bárbara, 2196. Falcon, Francisco José Calazans, 1101. Falcón, Romana, 298. Farias, Tom, 1748. Farrés, Pablo, 1461. Faturos, Diego, 1681. Favila, Cesar D., 1995. Febles Tabares, Remberto, 1672. Federalismos: Europa del sur y América Latina en perspectiva histórica, 183. Feldman, Ariel, 1104.

Fem: siempre entre nosotras: veinte años de la primera revista feminista en México, 275. Fenner Bieling, Justus, 363. Fermín, Antonio, 1996. Fernandes, Ana Paula Alves, 2143. Fernandes, Dmitri Cerboncini, 2144, 2175. Fernandes, Eunícia B.B., 1089, 1156. Fernandes, Frederico Augusto Garcia, 2200. Fernandes, Neusa, 1105. Fernandes, Sílvia, 1879. Fernández, Andrés, 513. Fernández, Luis Diego, 2286. Fernández, María Elisa, 193. Fernández, Sandra R., 996. Fernández Aceves, María Teresa, 180, 277. Fernández Cáceres, María Francisca, 2211. Fernández Chedraui, Rodrigo, 369. Fernández Díaz, Jorge, 1462. Fernández Fernández, Iñigo, 364. Fernández Mellén, Consolación, 676. Fernández Moreno, Inés, 1463. Fernández Sagastume, Mirian Leavel, 315. Fernández Viciedo, Yuri, 2255. Fernando Callejo: ensayo de música; En conmemoración del centenario de su libro: Música y músicos portorriqueños, 2048. Ferrás, Graciela Liliana, 984, 2283. Ferraz, Ana Lúcia Marques Camargo, 2145. Ferreira, Jo-Anne Sharon, 545. Ferreira, Lusirene Celestino França, 1181. Ferreira Furtado, Júnia, 1106. Ferreira Rodríguez, Pablo, 1060. Ferrer Benimeli, José Antonio, 234. Ferrero, Paula Verónica, 142. Ferrero Blanco, María Dolores, 514. Ferreyros, Carlos Enrique, 1560. Fièvre, Michèle-Jessica, 1903. Figaro, Roseli, 1878. Figueiredo, Franciane Simplicio, 2127. Figueirôa-Rêgo, João, 1151. Figueras, Marcelo, 1464. Figueroa Cancino, Juan David, 218. Figueroa E., Raúl, 407. Figuras, historias y territorios: cartógrafos contemporáneos de la indagación política en América Latina, 2214. Fihman, Ben Amí, 1435. Filippi, Alberto, 2215. Finucane, Adrian, 219. Fiorillo, Juan Carlos, 2102-2103. Fischer, Diego, 1518. Fisher, Steven M., 740. Fitz, Caitlin, 235.

Author Index / 669 Fléchet, Anaïs, 2146. Fleck, Eliane Cristina Deckmann, 1090. Flier, Patricia Gabriela, 2237. Flint, Richard, 319. Flint, Shirley Cushing, 319. Flor, Pablo de la, 1608. Flores, Joel, 1243. Flores, Paulina, 1906. Flores, Tatiana, 36. Flores Escalante, Justo Miguel, 365. Flores Jácome, José Alberto, 896. Flores Quintero, Genoveva, 433. Florescano, Enrique, 85. Fogwill, Rodolfo Enrique, 1465, 1561. Foix, Marita, 1717. Fombrun, Odette Roy, 546. Fong A., Carlos E., 1298. Fonseca, Carolina, 1320. Fonseca, Lucia Garcia da, 1782. Fonseca, Rubem, 1733. Fonseca, Silvia Carla Pereira de Brito, 1182. Fonta, Sergio, 1840. Fontán, Andrea, 1562. Fontana, Fabiana Siqueira, 1862. Fontana, Hugo, 1519. Fontela, Orides, 1783-1784. Forcinito, Ana, 1542. Ford, Eileen, 434. Forde, Jamie E., 86. Formas reales de la dominación del estado: perspectivas interdisciplinarias del poder y la política, 2242. Fornaro, Milton, 1520. Fornerín, Miguel Ángel, 1342. Fosler-Lussier, Danielle, 2147. Foster, David William, 1943. Fotia, Laura, 985. Fowler, Will, 362, 366. Fraga del Valle, Ricardo, 721. Fraga Filho, Walter, 1177. Fragmentos de lo queer: arte en América Latina e Iberoamérica, 5. Fragoso, João Luís Ribeiro, 1142. Fraia, Emilio, 1734. Franco, Renato, 1107-1108. Frank, Zephyr L., 1110. Franqui-Rivera, Harry, 547. Fraschina, Alicia, 813. Frechero, Adriana, 1521. Freeman, Peter, 2148. Freire, Jonis, 1180. Fresnillo 450: historia, arqueología, cultura y sociedad, 276. Frías Sarmiento, Eduardo, 282.

Fromont, Cécile, 2106. Fronteras disputadas: religión, secularización y anticlericalismo en la Argentina (siglos XIX y XX), 986. Fronteras étnicas en la América colonial, 320. Fuentes Barragán, Antonio, 176. Fuerst, James William, 1212. Fugellie, Daniela, 2149. Fumagalli, Maria Cristina, 1934. Fundação Nacional de Arte (Brazil), 1846. Fundación Canal, 313. Fundación Cultural Dominicana, 722. Fundación Eduardo F. Costantini, 39. Fundación Global Democracia y Desarrollo, 1360. Fundación Juan Bosch, 743. Furtado, Júnia Ferreira, 1110, 1162. Furtado, Pollyanna, 1785. Fuster Lavín, Ana María, 1362. Gabara, Esther, 11. Gainot, Bernard, 638. Gainza, Maria, 1916. Galán Tamés, Genevieve, 321. Galarza, Joaquín, 111. Galeana de Valadés, Patricia, 448. Galeano, Diego, 1745. Galiana, Eduardo Enrique, 987. Galina Russell, Isabel, 177. Galindo Cárdenas, Benjamín, 367. Galindo Peláez, Gerardo Antonio, 280. Gallardo Arias, Patricia, 320. Gállego, Lourdes, 294. Gallina, Paulo, 57. Gallo, Luis Antonio, 246. Galván, Felipe, 1658. Galván, Luz Elena, 280. Gamarra Zapata, Jaime, 1547. Gambaro, Griselda, 1673. Gambi, Thiago Fontelas Rosado, 1183. Gamboa, Santiago, 1418. Gamboa Ojeda, Leticia, 387. Gámez, Moisés, 355. Garabedian, Marcelo Hugo, 988. Garavito Elías, Rosa Albina, 273. Garcés-Hurtado, Juan David, 853. García, Claudia Mónica, 854. García, Guadalupe, 6. Garcia, Marília, 1786. Garcia, Miliandre, 1863. García, Peter J., 1997. García Ayluardo, Clara, 322. García Barrientos, José Luis, 1695-1696. García Belsunce, César A., 983.

670 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 García Blanco, Reynaldo, 1890. García Bouzas, Raquel, 2280. García-Bryce, Iñigo L., 911. García Buchard, Ethel, 483. García Catarino, Laura, 315. García Corona, León F., 1998. García de Germenos, Pilar, 11. García de León, Antonio, 323. García Ferreira, Roberto, 515. García Godos Salazar, Rafael, 1609. García Gómez, Arturo, 1999. García Leduc, José Manuel, 548-549. García Linera, Álvaro, 2274. García Loaeza, Pablo, 87, 309. García López, Ana Belén, 236. García López, Isaura Cecilia, 201. García Luna, Raúl, 1466. García Márquez, Gabriel, 1946. García-Montón, Alejandro, 494. García Mourelle, Lorena, 1060. García Pabón, Leonardo, 1580. García Peña, Ana Lidia, 435. García Robayo, Margarita, 1917. García Sánchez, Magdalena A., 88. García Sandoval, Omar, 1674. García Soormally, Mina, 89. García Sudo, Alejandro, 184. Garciadiego Dantan, Javier, 255, 448. Garcilazo, Romina, 989. Garet, Leonardo, 1610. Garicoïts, Léonie, 1521. Garmendia, Salvador, 1436. Garnica, Vanesa, 1244. Garone Gravier, Marina, 177. Garrandés, Alberto, 1363. Garrido, Margarita Antonia, 1702. Garrido Asperó, María José, 368, 436. Garrido Buj, Santiago, 604. Gárriz, Roberto, 1467. Gasquet, Axel, 990. Gavirati, Marcelo, 991. Gayol, Sandra, 1023. Gaztambide, María C., 65. Gehrenbeck, Lupe, 1675. Gelman, Juan, 1891. Género en la encrucijada de la historia social y cultural de México, 277. Généus, Jean Victor, 550. Georgalis, Jonathan Adrián, 2287. Gerbner, Katharine, 551. Gerheim, Fernando, 1735. Gerónimo, Félix, 1360. Getachew, Adom, 2256. Getty Conservation Institute, 7. Getty Publications, 39.

Getty Research Institute, 7. Ghidoli, María de Lourdes, 992. Ghio, Florencia Laura, 1468. Giani, Juan José, 2288. Gibson, Carrie, 185. Gibson, Christina Taylor, 2000. Giesbrecht, Erica, 2150. Gil Lázaro, Alicia, 437. Gilbert, Dennis L., 186. Gilbert, Zanna, 7. Gilland, Julianne, 198. Gillingham, Paul, 289. Giménez, Radamés Laerte, 1437. Giraldo Granada, Alejandro, 452. Girard, Philippe R., 637, 639-643. Giraudo, Victoria, 41. Girini, José, 132. Girondo, Oliverio, 1563. Giudice, Pedro, 1522. Giudicelli, Christophe, 151, 450. Giunta, Andrea, 40. Giussepe Ávalo, Andrés Ramón, 2261. Glantz, Margo, 1245. Glanzmann, Cecilia, 1564. Gleeson, Matthew, 1905. Gleizer Salzman, Daniela, 450. Glenadel, Paula, 1787. Global Latin America: into the twenty-fi rst century, 249. Godinas, Laurette, 177. Godoy Aguirre, Mario, 2079. Godoy Orellana, Milton, 2278. Goldberg, Jacqueline, 1438. Goldberg, K. Meira, 1957. Goldberg, Luiz Guilherme, 2141. Goldschmitt, K.E., 2151-2152. Goldwaser, Nathalie, 2283. Gomes, Flávio dos Santos, 1141, 1177-1178, 1207. Gomes, Francimária Ribeiro, 2153. Gomes, Rodrigo Cantos Savelli, 2154. Gómez, Juan Antonio, 1299. Gómez Barrios, Armín, 1705. Gómez Castellanos, Ofelia, 1988. Gómez de Avellaneda, Gertrudis, 1364. Gómez Lombide, Macarena, 1611. Gómez López, Augusto J., 879. Gómez Migliaro, Willy, 1612. Gómez Ochoa, Delio, 741. Gómez Rivas, Armando, 2001. Gonçalves, Alberto, 2116. Gonçalves, Monique de Siqueira, 1109. Gonfier, Gilda, 705. Gonzales, Odi, 1213. Gonzales, Osmar, 912.

Author Index / 671 Gonzalez, Daniel, 1300. González, Héctor Aquiles, 1301. Gonzalez, Johnhenry, 677. González, María Andrea, 246. González, Rigoberto, 1884. González, Tomás, 1419, 1918. González, Wingston, 1613, 1892. González Cabrera, Manuel Antonio, 1350. González Cárdenas, Verónica Alejandra, 1223. González Castro, Francisco, 47. González Cruz, David, 227. González-Echeverry, Rut Bibiana, 855. González Gallardo, Grover, 1614. González García, Matías, 1341. González García, Rocío Edith, 383. González Laporte, Verónica, 369. González Lezama, Raúl, 2245. González Matute, Laura, 17. González Mello, Flavio, 1676. González Melo, Abel, 1677-1678. González Montero, Sebastián Alejandro, 252. González Navarro, Manuel, 2226. González Reyes, Gerardo, 302. González Toapanta, Hugo, 897. González y González, Enrique, 187. Goodwin, Robert, 188. Goodwin Junior, James William, 1184. Goretti, Mateo, 968. Gorla, Carlos María, 993. Gorostiza, Celestino, 1715. Gorostiza, Paloma, 1715. Gortázar, Alejandro, 1207. Goth, Markus E., 1350. Gottschaller, Pia, 7. Goularti Filho, Alcides, 1185. Goyogana, Francisco M., 2289. Graeff, Nina, 2155. Graham, Aaron, 678. Graham-Yooll, Andrew, 998. Granato, Guilherme de Azevedo, 2156. Granda, Euler, 1615. Graves, William M., 336. Gray, Jeffrey, 1936. Griffero, Eugenio, 1679. Grimson, Alejandro, 2281. Grossman, Edith, 1946. Grunvald, Vitor, 2184. Gudiño Cejudo, María Rosa, 438. Gudiño Hernández, Jorge Alberto, 12461247. Guebel, Daniel, 1469. Guedea, Rogelio, 1248. Güemes Jiménez, Román, 2020.

Guerra, Wendy, 1919. La guerra fría y el anticomunismo en Centroamérica, 515. Guerras civiles: un enfoque para entender la política en Iberoamérica (1830-1935), 189. Guerrero del Río, Eduardo, 1670. Guevara, Gustavo, 259. Guía Zaragoza, Juan Gerardo, 278. Guido y Spano, Carlos, 994. Guigon, Emmanuel, 17. Guillén Villafuerte, José Javier, 324. Guimarães, Hélio, 1722. Guimarães, Raquel Beatriz Junqueira, 1788. Guran, Milton, 1119. Gurgel, Nonato, 1789. Gurría, Ángela, 19. Gurvich, José, 55. Gurvich, Martín, 55. Gurvich Peretzman, Natalia, 305. Gusti, 1920. Gutiérrez, Florencia, 1041. Gutiérrez, Pedro Juan, 1401. Gutiérrez, Víctor, 187. Gutierrez Castañeda, David, 49. Gutiérrez Gutiérrez, José Antonio, 325. Gutiérrez Guzmán, Jesús, 2002. Gutiérrez Mueller, Beatriz, 1214. Gutman, Margarita, 995. Gutmann, Matthew C., 249. Guzmán Bravo, José Antonio, 2003. Habell-Pallán, Michelle, 2044. Hacia una historia global e interconectada: fuentes y temas para la enseñanza (siglos XVI-XIX), 190. Haggh-Huglo, Barbara, 2004. Hahn, Daniel, 1921. Haidukowski, Adrián, 1470. Halfon, Eduardo, 1921. Hamed, Amir, 1523. Hammond, Charlotte, 605. Hamui de Halabe, Liz, 305. Hancock, Nancy T., 495. Hanono, Linda, 305. Harcha Cortés, Ana, 1703. Hardy, Marie, 679. Harris, Audrey, 1905. Harris, Mark, 143. Hart, Stephen M., 799. Hart Dávalos, Armando, 2216. Harwicz, Ariana, 1471. Hasbún, Rodrigo, 1922. Haskell, David Louis, 90. Hay Festival, 1904. Hector, Michel, 540, 742. Heker, Liliana, 1472.

672 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Helen Escobedo: expandir los espacios del arte: UNAM 1961-1979 = Expanding art spaces: UNAM 1961-1979, 13. Helguero, Lorenzo, 1565. Helmke, Christophe, 110. Hendricks, Rick, 317, 326. Herbert, Julián, 370, 1923-1924. Herbozo, José Miguel, 1616. Hering Torres, Max-Sebastián, 193. Hermeto, Miriam, 1864. Hernández, Elvira, 1893. Hernández, Felisberto, 1524, 1543. Hernández, Graciela, 144. Hernández, José Agapito, 822. Hernández, Juan, 1558. Hernández, Rita Indiana, 1925, 1926. Hernández, Tanya Katerí, 191. Hernández Aguilar, Federico, 1325. Hernández Aponte, Gerardo Alberto, 2218. Hernández Carballido, Elvira, 275, 449. Hernández Jaramillo, José Miguel, 1961. Hernández Madrid, Miguel J., 429. Hernández Montemayor, Laura, 281. Hernández Mora, Iosvany, 489. Hernández Pavón, Zenovio, 2062. Hernández Quiñones, Óscar Daniel, 194. Hernández Romero, Ramiro, 2005. Hernández Sandoval, Miguel Ángel, 1547. Hernández Soubervielle, José Armando, 334. Hernández Téllez, Josefi na, 275, 449. Hernández Triviño, Ascensión, 84. Herrera, Jesús, 2036. Herrera, María José, 39. Herrera Jerez, Miriam, 711. Herrera Pérez, Octavio, 279. Herrera Salazar, Gabriel, 2217. Herrero, Ramiro, 1704. Herrick, Dennis F., 327. Hesse, María, 14. Hevia Lanier, Oilda, 603, 711. Hiatt, Willie, 913. Hibbett, Alexandra, 908. Hidalgo Cardona, Adriana, 856. Hidalgo Pego, Mónica, 174. Hilcar, Theresa, 1747. Hill, Peter P., 823. Hill, Rowena, 1885. Hines, Sarah, 941. Hintzen, Amelia, 743. O hip hop e as diásporas africanas na modernidade: uma discussão contemporânea sobre cultura e educação, 2157. Historia agraria y políticas agrarias en España y América Latina desde el siglo XIX hasta nuestros días, 192.

Historia cultural hoy: trece entradas desde América Latina, 193. História da família no Brasil (séculos XVIII, XIX e XX): novas análises e perspectivas, 1110. Historia de Guatemala: un resumen crítico, 482. Historia de la educación en Veracruz: construcción de una cultura escolar, 280. Historia económica regional: lecturas, 281. Historia en las regiones de México: economía, cultura y sociedad, 282. História militar da Amazônia: guerra, militares e sociedade (séculos XVII-XIX), 1111. Historia regional: agenda y resultados recientes, 996. Historia, religión y antropología desde nuestra América Latina, 2218. Historias de dos ciudades: cuentistas de Panamá y El Salvador, 1302. Historias de la época colonial y del siglo XIX, 283. Historias y paisajes regionales del azúcar en México, 284. A history of Mexican literature, 1224. Hoffmann, Werner, 954. Höfl ing, Ana Paula, 2158. Holguín Balderrama, Juan Carlos, 371. Holo, Selma, 9. Hora, Roy, 997. Horowitz, Gabriel, 237. Horta Duarte, Regina, 439. Hoski, 1525. Hudde, Hermann, 2101. Huelmo, Mariella, 1617. Hughes, Sophie Elizabeth, 1922, 1930, 1944. Hulsman, Lodewijk, 598-600, 606. Huner, Michael Kenneth, 1049. Hurbon, Laënnec, 782. Hurtado, Nelson, 2038. Hurtado Galves, José Martín, 372. Hurtado Heras, Saúl, 1333. Hurtado León, Iván, 829. Hutchinson, Sydney, 1926. Hutton, Clinton A., 775. Hyland, Sabine, 145. Ianelli, Mariana, 1749. Ibagón Martín, Nilson Javier, 857. Ibáñez, Sara de, 1566. Ibáñez-Bonillo, Pablo, 146. Ibarra, Antonio, 206. Ibarra, Christian, 1365. Ibarra Cuesta, Jorge R., 858. Ibarra Guitart, Jorge Renato, 744. Ibarra Rivera, Gilberto, 335.

Author Index / 673 Ibarra Rojas, Eugenia, 516. Iconografia musical na América Latina: discursos e narrativas entre olhares e escutas, 2159. La Iglesia y el Centro-Occidente de México: de la singularidad a la universalidad: a través de Relaciones, estudios de historia y sociedad, 285. Illades, Carlos, 2239, 2243. La imagen cruenta: centenario de la Decena Trágica, 440. Imaginando América Latina: historia y cultura visual, siglos XIX-XXI, 194. Imaginarios de la nación y la ciudadanía en Centroamérica, 483. Imprints of revolution: visual representations of resistance, 6. Inclán, Gabriela, 1680. Independence in Central America and Chiapas, 1770-1823, 495. Indianismos: la correspondencia de Fausto Reinaga con Guillermo Carnero Hoke y Guillermo Bonfi l Batalla, 2219. Indigenous graphic communication systems: a theoretical approach, 91. Indigenous persistence in the colonized Americas: material and documentary perspectives on entanglement, 220. Infanzón, Nicolás, 62. El inglés: Rosas visto por los británicos, 998. Iñiguez, Gustavo, 1884. Inmigrantes y diversidad cultural en México, siglo XIX y XX: homenaje al doctor Carlos Martínez Assad, 286. La Inquisición: viejos temas, nuevas lecturas, 221. Instituciones modernas de educación superior: institutos científicos y literarios de México, siglos XIX y XX, 287. Instituto Cultural Cabañas (Guadalajara, Mexico), 23. Instituto de Investigaciones Dr. José María Luis Mora, 190, 299. Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro, 1097. Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (Mexico), 97, 104, 110, 118, 320. Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (Mexico). Dirección de Estudios Históricos, 97. Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes (Mexico), 21. Instituto Nacional del Teatro (Argentina), 1699.

Interacción de los exilios en América Latina y el Caribe (siglo XX), 250. Ireton, Chloe, 222. Iriarte Martínez, Fernando, 1618. Islas, Ariadna, 189. Isoldi, Beatriz, 1473. Ivo, Isnara Pereira, 1143. Iwasaki Cauti, Fernando, 800. Izquierdo König, José Manuel, 2069-2070. Jacinto Pazos, Pedro, 141. Jacob, Elizabeth Motta, 2160. Jacob, Maria Marta, 1878. Jacobson, Jenna Leving, 1398. Jaén Suárez, Omar, 195. Jaffary, Nora E., 288. Jaid Tepos Navarro, Hans Cristian, 373. Jalif de Bertranou, Clara Alicia, 2303. Janela de dramaturgia, 1841. Jaramillo, Ana María, 1420. Jaramillo Escobar, Jaime, 1763. Jaramillo González, Samuel, 1567. Jaramillo Levi, Enrique, 1302, 1332. Jardim, Eduardo, 2161. Jardim, Rubens, 1813. Jarquín Ortega, María Teresa, 302. Jaspe Lescure, Eduardo, 1303. Jauretche, Arturo, 2298. Jax, 1736. Jazzán Dayán, Sharon, 17. Jean-Louis, Donnadieu, 680. Jean-Pierre, Bois, 828. Jeffres, Travis, 92. Jeifets, Lazar, 517. Jeifets, Víctor, 517. Jennings, Eric Thomas, 745. Jennings, William, 607. Jesús Valdés: el hombre detrás de la escena, 1705. Jiménez, Christina M., 374. Jiménez Abollado, Francisco Luis, 328. Jiménez Casillas, Bernardo, 2006. Jiménez Ferrer, Joaquín M., 746. Jiménez-Muñoz, Gladys M., 747. Jodorowsky, Alejandro, 1927. Johansson, María Lucrecia, 1050. Johansson K., Patrick, 93. Johnson, Lyman L., 170. Jong, Ingrid de, 204, 980. Jonguitud, Paulette, 1249. Jorge Macchi: perspectiva, 38. Jornada Pedro Albizu Campos, 1st, Bayamón, P.R., 2014, 748. Jornadas en Conmemoración del Bicentenario de la Independencia Argentina, Buenos Aires, 2016, 232.

674 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Jornadas Internacionales Interdisciplinarias, 20th, Río Cuarto, Argentina, 2015, 2290. Jornadas Paraguayas de Pensamiento Crítico, 1st, Asunción, Paraguay, 2016, 1051. José García Narezo: surrealista mestizo (1922-1989), 15. Joseph, Délide, 681. Journalism, satire, and censorship in Mexico, 289. Jóvenes: novísima dramaturgia argentina, 1681. Jozami, Eduardo, 2291. Juárez, Miguel P., 2083. Juárez Pérez, José Francisco, 824. Juárez Rodríguez, Ángel Adalberto, 518. Julio, Suelen Siqueira, 147. Junta Pedro Albizu Campos, 748. Juri, Amira, 2218. Justicia, política y sociedad en el México contemporáneo, 375. Juva, José, 1790. Kacy, Franck, 552-553. Kagan, Richard L., 196. Kalczewiak, Mariusz, 999. Kalenberg, Angel, 59. Kaminski, Leon Frederico, 1865. Kämpf, Martin Normann, 1186. Kana, Aviva, 1937. Kapelusz-Poppi, Ana María, 1000. Kauffmann, Leisa A., 1215. Kehoe, S. Karly, 682. Kelly-McHale, Jacqueline, 1955. Kerasotis, Peter, 719. Kessell, John L., 329. Kiczkovsky, Silvia, 271. Kilroy-Ewbank, Lauren G., 148. Kirk, Emily J., 733. Kiser, William S., 330. Kissoun, Bruno, 578, 683-684. Klingenfuss, Karl, 954. Kohan, Néstor, 2292. Kohen, Natalia, 1619. Kole de Peralta, Kathleen, 801. Komarnisky, Sara V., 290. Korn, Francis, 982. Korn, Guillermo, 2293. Körner, Karl Werner, 954. Kosovski, Pedro, 1842. Kovadloff, Santiago, 2294. Krahô, Creuza Prumkwyj, 2164. Kraniauskas, John D., 2220. Krauze, Enrique, 441. Krauze, Ethel, 1250. Krieger, Peter, 16. Krohn-Hansen, Christian, 749.

Kuenzli, E. Gabrielle, 2071. Kühl, Paulo Mugayar, 2162. Kujawski, Guilherme, 57. Kummels, Ingrid, 450. Kun, Josh, 1888. La Fountain-Stokes, Lawrence Martin, 1402. La Rosa, Santiago, 1474. La Serna Salcedo, Juan Carlos, 2091. Labanca, Maraíza, 1775. Labate, Beatriz Caiuby, 2114, 2163. Labinger, Andrea G., 1938. Laborie, Séverine, 644. Laboy Gómez, José Enrique, 750. Lacarrieu, Mónica B., 995. Lacerda, Rodrigo, 1737. Lafleur, Gérard, 554-555, 608, 685-687. Lafosse, Luis, 1031. Lage, Jorge Enrique, 1366. Laín Corona, Guillermo, 1698. Lamelas, David, 39. Landaburu, Roberto E., 1001. Lange, Frederick W., 496. Lange, Norah, 1928. Langebaek, Carl Henrik, 2265. Langer, Erick Detlef, 914. Langfur, Hal, 1112. Langone, Hugo, 1791. Laperrière de Coni, Gabriela, 1039. La larga historia de los saqueos en la Argentina: de la Independencia a nuestros días, 1002. Largo Vargas, Joan Manuel, 859. Larroca, Oscar, 56. Lastra, Yolanda, 71. Lateef-Jan, Katie, 1907. Latinoamérica en clave histórica y regional, 197. Lauderbaugh, George, 898. Laurencich Minelli, Laura, 149. Lavallén Ranea, Fabián, 1003. Laverde-Ospina, Alfredo, 2270. Lavín, Mónica, 1251. Law Pezzarossi, Heather, 220. Lázaro, Rosario, 1526. Lazo, Agustín, 1715. Lazzaratto, Marcelo, 1839. Le Blanc, Aleca, 7. Leal, Claudia, 860. Leal, Ildefonso, 829. Learner, Tom, 7. Lebel, Anne, 751. Lecturas de la Constitución: el constitucionalismo mexicano frente a la Constitución de 1917, 376.

Author Index / 675 Ledesma Ibarra, Carlos Alfonso, 94. Lee, Rita, 1738. Legnani, Mariam, 1620. Legorreta Zepeda, José de Jesús, 246. Lehm Ardaya, Zulema, 2273. Leigh, Devin, 645. Leitão, Eliane Vasconcellos, 1814. Leite, Guto, 1792. Leituras e interpretações sobre a época joanina (1792-1826), 1113. Lema Riqué, Victor, 57. Leminski, Paulo, 1752. Lemlij, Moisés, 150. Leñero Franco, Estela, 1706. Lenton, Diana Isabel, 138. León, Denise, 1621. León, Leyles Rubio, 1289. León Portilla, Miguel, 78, 95-96. Leonardi, Rosana, 1004. Lerner, Jesse, 32. Lerner, Sharon, 53. Lesser, Jeff, 249. Lesueur, Boris, 556-559. Letra e tinta: 10 contos vencedores do Prêmio Malê de Literatura: jovens escritor@s negr@s, 1739. Lettieri, Michael, 289. Levin, Yehuda Julio, 1005. Levine, Suzanne Jill, 1902, 1907, 1932, 1937. Levy, Tatiana Salem, 1750. Libby, Douglas Cole, 1110. Liberano, Diogo, 1843. Libertad, tierra e igualdad: las clases populares en las revoluciones de la Independencia, 238. A library for the Americas: the Nettie Lee Benson Latin American Collection, 198. Lima, Ana Gabriela Morim de, 2164. Lima, Ari, 2182, 2196. Lima, Luís Filipe Silvério, 1114. Lima, Manoel Ricardo de, 1753. Lima, Robert, 1894. Lima, Valdir, 2165. Limón Olvera, Silvia, 69. Lindsay-Poland, John, 861. Liniers, 1231. Lins, Catarina, 1793. Lión, Luis de, 1622. Lira, Elizabeth, 2278. Lisbona, Miguel, 269. Lispector, Clarice, 1950-1951. Literatura y violencia en Guatemala: testimonio y literatura de la guerrilla guatemalteca (1960-1996), 1333. Liverpool, Hollis, 2049.

Livesay, Daniel, 560. Lizárraga, Fernando, 2221. Llanos, Claudia, 1222. Lo múltiple y lo singular: diversidad de perspectivas en las crónicas de la Nueva España, 97. Lobatón, Javier, 2092. Lobo, Fernando, 1252. Lobo, Hostilio, 1296. Lobos, Omar, 131. Logullo, Eduardo, 2166. Lohse, Russell, 497. Lomas, Laura, 1398. Lombardi Boscán, Ángel Rafael, 825. Lomelí Vanegas, Leonardo, 442. Lopes, Rodrigo Garcia, 1794-1795. Lopes Neto, João Simões, 1844. López, A. Ricardo, 862. López, Iraida H., 1398. López, Isaac Abraham, 818. López, José Raúl, 1304. López, Juan Carlos, 246. López, Leonora, 47. López, Mario Justo, 1006. López, Rick Anthony, 450. López, Santos, 1623. López Avalos, Martín, 752. López Bernal, Carlos Gregorio, 519. López Bohórquez, Alí Enrique, 829. López Caballero, Paula, 450. López Jerez, Mabel Paola, 863. López Luján, Leonardo, 123. López Menéndez, Marisol, 460. López Moya, Martín de la Cruz, 2007. López Pérez, Oresta, 377. López Ramírez Gastón, José Ignacio, 2093. Lorente, Jesús, 709. Lorenz, Johnny, 1950. Lorenzano, Sandra, 1253. Lorenzino, Lisa, 2063. Loreto López, Rosalva, 331. Louis, Abel A., 561-563, 688-691. Loureiro, João de Jesus Paes, 1796. Lovato, Gustavo, 2083. Lovell, W. George, 484. Lovera Reyes, Elina, 826. Lozier Almazán, Bernardo P., 1007-1008. Lucas, Kintto, 1067. Lucchesi, Marco, 1797. Luchas de clasificación: las sociedades indígenas entre taxonomía, memoria y reapropiación, 151. Luciani, Rafael, 246. Lucien, Georges Eddy, 753. Luis Rafael, 1403.

676 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Luiselli, Valeria, 1254. Luiz, Macksen, 1866. Lukin, Liliana, 1624. Lüning, Hildegard, 864. Luque, Gilma, 1255. Lurtz, Casey Marina, 378. Lütge, Wilhelm, 954. Lux, Marta, 865. Lvovich, Daniel, 2237. Mabey, Juliet, 1904. Mac Cord, Marcelo, 1141. Macchi, Jorge, 38. Macdonald Woolery, Delia, 1568. Macedo, Maurício de, 1798. Machado, Amanda, 1826. Machado, Darío L., 2222. Machado, Humberto Fernandes, 1187. Machado, Jovino, 1799. Machado, Maria Helena Pereira Toledo, 1177. Machado, Sara Abreu da Mata, 2127. Machuca Gallegos, Laura, 180. Macías Cervantes, César Federico, 443. Macleod, Morna, 520. MacMillan, Margaret, 255. MacSweeney, Christina, 370, 1923. Madeira, Wagner Martins, 1867. Madrigal Muñoz, Eduardo, 483, 498-499. Maffei, Luis, 1758. Magalhães, Sônia Maria de, 1167. Magalhães Filho, Paulo Andrade, 2127. Magaloni Kerpel, Diana, 98. Maggiori, Ernesto, 1009. Magno, Montez, 1800. Mahecha González, Jenni Lorena, 866. Maia, Andréa Casa Nova, 1193. Maia, João Bosco, 1845. Maillard, Bruno, 705. Majluf, Natalia, 53. Making art concrete: works from Argentina and Brazil in the Colección Patricia Phelps de Cisneros, 7. Malaret, Augusto, 1341. La maldición de Otelo: relatos cubanos sobre celos, 1367. Mallo, Ernesto, 1475. Maloney, Gerardo, 1305. Malvestitti, Marisa, 138. Malvinas: la guerra en el teatro, el teatro de la guerra, 1707. Mamigonian, Beatriz Gallotti, 1188. Mancilla Sánchez, Juan Manuel, 84. Maneuvrier, Christophe, 609. Maney, J. Bret, 1915.

Manjarrez, Héctor, 1256. Manley, Elizabeth S., 754. Mann, Kristin, 207. Mannarelli, María Emma, 915. Mansilla, H.C.F., 2223, 2275. Manso, Gilda, 1476. Mantovani, Rafael Leite, 1115. Maranhão, Salgado, 1801. Marcallé Abréu, Roberto, 1368-1369. Marchán Romero, Carlos, 899. Marchant Sanz, Jorge Daniel, 933. Marchiaro, Pancho, 2224. Marco, Miguel Ángel de, 1010. Marcos, Marlon, 2196. Marcos, Plínio, 1846. Marcos Padua, Reynaldo, 1341. Marcotrigiano Luna, Miguel, 1440. Marie-Sainte, Daniel-Édouard, 692. Marimón Rodríguez, Yanira, 1895. Marín, Isabel, 99. Marín, Pachín, 1341. Marín-López, Javier, 1956, 1958, 1985, 2008. Marín Suárez, Carlos, 1070. Marino, Daniela, 379. Mariscal, Alex, 1306. Mariz, Vasco, 1116-1117. Markarian, Vania, 254. Marovatto, Mariano, 1802. Marques, Fernando, 1868. Marques, Pedro, 1803. Marquese, Rafael de Bivar, 233. Márquez, Miguel, 1569. Márquez Tizano, Rodrigo, 1929. Marrero, Mayi, 2050. Marrero, Rosita, 1370. Marriage, Zoë, 2167. Martes Pedraza, Daniel, 1371. Martí, Gerardo Marcelo, 1011. Martín, Américo, 755. Martín, Juan Guillermo, 488-489. Martín, Lucas, 2297. Martín del Campo, David, 1257. Martín-Rodríguez, Manuel, 332. Martín Sevillano, Ana Belén, 1379. Martinelli, Lucas, 5. Martinez, Anne M., 444. Martínez, Federico G., 1307. Martínez, Juan Pablo, 1006. Martínez, Kalki, 1308. Martínez, Mayra A., 2067. Martínez, Orlando R., 756. Martínez, Pedro, 719. Martínez, Ricardo, 27. Martínez Aguilar, José Manuel, 333.

Author Index / 677 Martínez Almira, María Magdalena, 223. Martínez Assad, Carlos R., 286. Martínez Basallo, Sandra Patricia, 867. Martinez-Catsam, Ana Luisa, 380. Martínez de Osaba y Goenaga, Juan A., 757. Martínez Domínguez, Manuel Augusto, 1052. Martínez Esquivel, Ricardo, 521. Martínez Galindo, Arturo, 1296. Martínez García, Raymundo César, 94, 109, 292. Martínez Luján de Vargas, Antonio, 169. Martínez-Maldonado, Manuel, 1372. Martínez-Martín, Abel Fernando, 868. Martínez Martínez, María del Carmen, 313, 500. Martínez Mejía, Jorge, 1309. Martínez Rebollar, Lino, 1333. Martínez Ruiz, Enrique, 212. Martínez Salirosas, Oscar, 2272. Martínez Siccardi, Fabián, 1477. Martins, José Ildefonso, 2168. Martins, José Pedro Soares, 2168. Martins, Luciana, 152. Martins, William de Souza, 1096, 1118. Martoccia, María, 1478. Martos, Marco, 1547. Martyniuk, Claudio Eduardo, 1624. Masetto, Antonio dal, 1479. Masiello, Francine R., 199. Maslíah, Leo, 1527. Massa, Rafael, 1528. Masters, Adrian, 224. Mastretta, Ángeles, 1258. Mata, Iacy Maia, 693. Maté, Mónica, 132. Mateu, Cristina, 1016. Mathis, Sophie, 802. Matos, Nathan, 1783. Matos-Cintrón, Nemir, 1682. Matrimonio en confl icto: visiones rivales sobre el matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo, 2225. Matsumoto, Mallory, 100. Matthew, Cyril S., 2051. Mattos, Hebe Maria, 1119. Mattos, Tomás de, 1529. Mattos, Yllan de, 1099, 1120. Mattos Cintrón, Wilfredo, 758. Mauad, Ana Maria, 1189. Maude, Kit, 1942. Mauro, Diego Alejandro, 1012. Mauvois, Georges Bernard, 694. Maya Alcántara, Áurea, 2009.

Mayer, Alicia, 313. Mayer Celis, Leticia, 190. Mayes, April J., 759. Mazín Gómez, Oscar, 285. Mazzotti, José Antonio, 803, 1570. McCalpin, Jermaine, 775. McConahay, Mary Jo, 251. McDonough, Kelly S., 101. McDowell, Megan, 1906, 1910, 1927. McKee, Helen, 646. McKinley, Michelle A., 804. McLean, Anne, 1945. Medeiros, Michelle, 200. Medeiros, Paulina, 1543. Medeiros, Sérgio Luiz Rodrigues, 1804-1808. Medina, Bethoven, 1571. Medina, Cuauhtémoc, 11, 31, 2241. Medina, Pablo, 132. Medina Rodríguez, Teresa, 1367. Medrano de Luna, Gabriel, 2014. Medrano Ruiz, Sonia, 2010. Medrano Verano, Fernando, 2089. Medrar para sobrevivir: individualidades presas en la fragua de la historia (siglos XVI-XIX), 334. Meirelles, Juliana Gesuelli, 1113. Mejía, Medardo, 1296. Mejía Burgos, Otto, 2247. Mejía Madrid, Fabrizio, 1259. Mejía Nieto, Arturo, 1296. Mejía Ricart, Gustavo Adolfo, 760. Mejía Rivera, Orlando, 869. Melchor, Fernanda, 1260, 1930. Melchor Díaz, Guadalupe, 1333. Mello, Guilherme Theodoro Pereira de, 2169. Mello, José Antônio Gonsalves de, 1121. Mello, Zuza Homem de, 2170. Melo, Alberto da Cunha, 1809. Melo, Cláudia Cordeiro Tavares da Cunha, 1809. Melo, José Inácio Vieira de, 1810. Melo, Juan Vicente, 2011. Memoria colectiva de América Latina, 2226. Memoria, historia y ruralidad: teoría y métodos, 252. Méndez, Francisco Alejandro, 1310. Méndez, Mary, 58. Méndez, Rubens Ramón, 2295. Méndez Moreno, Carlos Domingo, 445. Méndez Reyes, Jesús, 427. Mendiola, Daniel, 501. Mendívil, Julio, 1953. Mendizábal García, Sergio, 2248.

678 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Mendonça Júnior, Francisco de, 181. Mendoza Acevedo, Carlos, 572. Mendoza García, Jesús Edgar, 446. Mendoza García, Jorge, 2226. Mendoza Soriano, Reidezel, 447. Menegazzo, Maria Adélia, 1747. Meneses, Enrique, 761. Meneses, José Newton Coelho, 1110, 1122. Menjívar O., Mauricio, 529. Mentz, Brígida von, 102. Menvielle, Emilio Enrique, 1013. Mérida, Carlos, 20. Merizzio, Priscila, 1811. Meruane, Lina, 1944. Mesa Valencia, Andrés Felipe, 870. Metonimias: Luis Carrera-Maul, 16. Metz, Jerry D., 2171. Mexican philosophy in the 20th century: essential readings, 2244. México, Mexico (state). Secretaría de Educación, 16. México en 1917: entorno económico, político, jurídico y cultural, 448. México 1900-1950: Diego Rivera, Frida Kahlo, José Clemente Orozco y las vanguardias, 17. Mexico. Secretaría de Cultura, 17. México 68/18: 100 carteles, 18. Mey, Luis, 1480. Miceli, Sergio, 1014. Michelini, Dorando J., 2290. Mignolo, Walter, 540, 2205. Mignot, D.A., 695. Miguens, Silvia, 1481. Míguez, Eduardo José, 1015. Mijangos Díaz, Eduardo Nomelí, 375. Mikulska, Katarzyna, 91. Milán, Eduardo, 1572. Millan, Jacques, 564. Millones, Luis, 150. Milone, María Gabriela, 2238. As Minas e o Império: dinâmicas locais e projetos coloniais portugueses, 1123. Miño Grijalva, Manuel, 225. Mioche, Philippe, 565. Mira Caballos, Esteban, 610. Una mirada a la inmigración española de 1939-40 en Santo Domingo: disertaciones presentadas en la Universidad APEC, Semanas de Espana en la República Dominicana 2015, 762. Miradas antropológicas, históricas, arquitectónicas y museográficas del patrimonio industrial y cultural de México y América Latina, 201.

Miradas historiográficas desde el occidente de México, 291. Miradas recientes a la historia mexiquense: del mundo prehispánico al periodo colonial, 292. Miradas retrospectivas al México de Porfi rio Díaz, 381. Miranda, Bruno Romero Ferreira, 1124. Miranda, Francisco de, 827. Miranda, Luis Antonio, 1341. Miranda, Ricardo, 2012-2013. Miranda, Sylvia, 1625. Miranda Medina, Carlos Federico, 2211. Miranda y Francia en la era de las Luces y de las revoluciones, 828. Mireles Gavito, Sofía, 502. Mirza, Roger, 1696, 1701. Misas Jiménez, Rolando E., 696. Misevich, Philip, 207. Misioneros fundacionales del adventismo sudamericano, 253. Mitkiewicz, Luciana, 1853. Mitre, Eduardo, 1582. Mitrovic Pease, Mijail, 52. Modern Mexican culture: critical foundations, 293. Modernidad, colonialismo y emancipación en América Latina, 2276. Modest, Wayne, 718. Mohar, Luz María, 111. Molina, Diego, 1869. Molina, Sandra Rita, 1190. Molina Castillo, Mario José, 485. Molina Gómez, Nathaly, 879. Molina Jiménez, Iván, 535. Molina Landeros, Rosío del Carmen, 1225. Molinari Morales, Tirso Aníbal, 916. Molocznik, Maximiliano, 994, 2298. Mondoni, Daniel, 1191. Monge, Emiliano, 1261-1263, 1931. Monroy Nasr, Rebeca, 440. Monsma, Karl, 1192. Mont Serrath, Pablo Oller, 1125. Montalbetti, Mario, 1626, 1896. Monte de López Moreira, María G., 1053. Montealegre Denueda, María Augusta, 1897. Monteiro, Lucas Maximiliano, 1126. Monteiro, Nuno Gonçalo, 1142. Monteiro, Wanda, 1813. Montelongo, José, 198. Montenegro, Marcelo, 1812. Montero Alarcón, Alma, 1. Montero-Diaz, Fiorella, 2094-2095. Montero Vallejo, Juan Carlos, 1. Monterrosa Cubías, Luis Gerardo, 522.

Author Index / 679 Montgomery, Harper, 8. Montiel, Edgar, 153. Montoya Arias, Luis Omar, 2014. Montoya Huamani, Segundo, 2272. Montoya Rojas, Rodrigo, 2096. Moore, Tom, 2133. Mora Rivera, Juan Javier, 2011. Moraes, Numa, 1594. Moraga Valle, Fabio, 2227. Moral, Solsiree del, 763. Morales, Gracia, 1557. Morales, Omar, 2038. Morales Benítez, Otto, 871. Morales Cabrera, Pablo, 1341. Morales Damián, Manuel Alberto, 103. Morales Moreno, Humberto, 201. Morales Moreno, Luis Gerardo, 274, 2212. Morales Sarabia, Rosa Angélica, 382. Morales Saravia, José, 1627. Morales Tejeda, Aida Liliana, 697. Morán, Francisco, 1399. Moreau, Filipe Eduardo, 1127. Moreda Rodríguez, Eva, 2015. Moreira, Paulo Roberto Staudt, 1177. Morel, Marco, 1128. Morena, Daniel, 1543. Moreno Olmedo, Alejandro, 2262. Moreno Rodríguez, Edgar, 942. Moreno Urbina, Pablo David, 818. Morera Beita, Carlos, 1568. Morgan, Edwin, 1902. Moriconi, Italo, 1752, 1827, 1835. Moris García, Raúl, 2052. Morosoli, Juan José, 1530. Morquencho, Mario, 1628. Moscoso, Francisco, 611. Moscoso, Manuela, 21. Moscovich, Viviana Ruth, 154. Moser, Benjamin, 1949-1951. Mosquera, Nélida Beatriz, 1482. Mostaço, Edélcio, 1870. Mota, Fabrício, 2196. Moulton, Aaron Coy, 764. Moura, Marina, 1826. Moutoukias, Zacarías, 172. Movimiento obrero argentino: aspectos y momentos históricos de la lucha política y sindical, 1016. El movimiento teatral comunitario argentino: reflexiones acerca de la experiencia en la última década (2001-2011), 1708. Movimientos estudiantiles del siglo XX en América Latina, 254. Moya Pons, Frank, 566. Moyano Pahissa, Angela, 383.

Mudables representaciones: el indio en la Nueva España a través de crónicas, impresos y manuscritos, 104. Muerte barroca: retratos de monjas coronadas, 1. Mujeres independientes, mujeres revolucionarias, 449. Las mujeres si hablan asi: antología LGBTTQI en honor a Nemir Matos Cintrón, 1682. Mukuna, Kazadi Wa, 2172. Mulcahy, Matthew, 567. As mulheres poetas na literatura brasileira, 1813. Mundani, Débora, 1483. O mundo do trabalho nas páginas das revistas ilustradas, 1193. Mundo Hispánoamericano y la Primera Guerra Mundial (colloquium), Colegio de México, 2014, 255. Mundy, Barbara E., 105. Munguía Escamilla, Estela, 387. Muniagurria, Lorena Avellar de, 2184. Muniz, Pollyanna G. Mendonça, 1099. Muñoz, Andrés Mauricio, 1421. Muñoz, Gloria, 1505. Muñoz, Miguel Ángel, 19. Muñoz Arbeláez, Santiago, 155. Muñoz Marín, Luis, 1341. Muñoz Rubio, Margarita, 2016. Muñoz Vélez, Enrique Luis, 925. Muñoz Vélez, Hernán Alonso, 872. Murga, Rebeca, 1373. Murgel, Ana Carolina Arruda de Toledo, 2173. Murillo, Susana, 2296. Muro y mito: murales de la Ciudad de México, 20. Murray, Yxta Maya, 1888. Murray-Irizarry, Néstor, 2048. Museo Amparo (Puebla, Mexico), 31. Museo de Arte Banco de la República (Bogotá), 1. Museo de Arte Carrillo Gil, 23. Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Monterrey, 30. Museo de Arte de Lima, 53. Museo de Arte Latinoamericano de Buenos Aires, 38, 40-41. Museo de Arte Moderno (Mexico), 30. Museo de San Carlos, 16. Museo Estudio Diego Rivera, 15. Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía, 49. Museo Nacional de Arte (Mexico), 17.

680 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Museo Nacional de Artes Visuales de Montevideo (Uruguay), 57, 59, 62. Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes (Chile), 46. Museo Rufi no Tamayo, 21. Museum of Latin American Art, 36. Museum of Modern Art (New York, NY), 24. Music scenes and migrations, 2174. Música & ciências sociais: para além do descompasso entre arte e ciência, 2175. Música em Contexto: Músicas em Trânsito na Pan-Amazônia, 2176. Músicas coloniales a debate: procesos de intercambio euroamericanos, 1956. Musicians’ migratory patterns: AmericanMexican border lands, 2017. Nación y alteridad: mestizos, indígenas y extranjeros en el proceso de formación nacional, 450. Nadel, Joshua H., 248. Nahum-Claudel, Chloé, 2177. Nájera, Gretel, 262. Nakasone, Claudinei, 1877. Naranjo, Luis Germán, 873. Naranjo Orovio, Consuelo, 544. Narrativa misional: antología, 335. Náter, Miguel Angel, 1397. National Archives (Great Britain), 740. Nava, Pedro, 1814. Navarrete, Sylvia, 17, 30. Navarro, Alexandre Guida, 1111. Navarro, Eduardo, 21. Navarro, Mina Alejandra, 2212. Navarro Icaza, Pablo Asís, 1311. Navas, Claudia Isabel, 828. Navas de Miralda, Paca, 1296. Nawi, Diana, 34. Needell, Jeffrey D., 1194. Negreiros, Adriana, 1195. Negretti, Vionette G., 1374. Negri, Héctor, 1484. Negro: 11 escritores +11 ilustradores, 1531. Negrón Valera, José, 1439. Nelson Ramos: nada del arte le fue ajeno: exposición antológico, 59. Nemser, Daniel, 1216. Neoliberalismo y fetichización de las relaciones sociales: ¿pueden los conceptos de Marx articularse como parte de un dispositivo de lectura para una ontología del presente?, 2296. Neri Farina, Bernardo, 1504, 1546. Neuman, Andrés, 1629. Neves, Manuel, 57. Neves, Salvador, 1063.

Neves, Simone de Andrade, 1815. New Mexico and the Pimería Alta: the colonial period in the American Southwest, 336. Newhouse, Kristina, 39. Newman, Brooke N., 568. Newman, Simon P., 569. Newson, Linda A., 805. Nezahualcóyotl, King of Texcoco, 96. Nicholls Vélez, María Catalina, 874. Nicolas, Vincent, 156. Nieto, Jessica, 1586. Nina, Daniel, 765, 1375. Niort, Jean-François, 570. Nobbs-Thiessen, Ben, 943. Noel, Urayoán, 1902. Nogar, Anna M., 1224. Nogueira, Juarez, 1816. Nogueira, Shirley Maria Silva, 1111. Noguez, Armando, 246. Noguez, Xavier, 73. Noriega, Enrique, 1575. El Norte Grande Argentino: cultura y región, 157. Novas contistas da literatura brasileira, 1740. Novo, Salvador, 1715. Novos olhares sobre a Amazônia colonial, 1129. Nuccetelli, Susana, 2228. Nuestra voz sale al balcón: mujeres queretanas en la historia, 294. Nuestros más cercanos parientes: breve antología del cuento venezolano de los últimos 25 años, 1440. Obaldía, Olga de, 1312. Obando, Leoncio, 1313. Obejas, Achy, 14, 1919, 1925. Ocampo, Melchor, 2245. Ocampo, Silvina, 1907, 1932. Ocasio, Rafael, 698. Octopía: Eduardo Navarro, 21. Odilius, Vlak, 1350. Odio, Eunice, 1898. O’Donnell, Pacho, 766. Oelze, Micah, 875. Offner, Jerome A., 91. Ogunnaike, Ayodeji, 2178. O’Hern, James, 1902. Ojeda, Alvaro, 1532. Ojeda Escalante, Roberto, 907. Ojeda Pérez, Robert, 252. Okon, Yoshua, 31. Olarte, Renán Silva, 876.

Author Index / 681 Olea, Fernando, 1573. Olguín, Sergio, 1485, 1516. Oliart, Patricia, 917. Olivares Rojas, Paulo, 1669. Oliveira, Anderson José Machado de, 1096. Oliveira, Fernanda, 1817. Oliveira, Marília Rodrigues de, 1745. Oliveira, Mônica Ribeiro de, 1130. Oliveira, Nelson de, 1726. Oliveira, Pablo Menezes e, 1123. Oliveira, Rosy de, 1178. Oliveira, Tiago Kramer de, 1131. Oliveira Fernandes, Luiz Estevam de, 1098. Oliver, Martín, 982. Oliver Frau, Antonio, 1341. Oliveto, Lía Guillermina, 158. Olvera Gudiño, José Juan, 2018. Olvera Rivera, Alberto, 466. Onetti, Juan Carlos, 1908. Onetto Pavez, Mauricio, 2279. Operé, Fernando, 202. O’Phelan, Scarlett, 239, 243-244. Oquendo Rodríguez, Elí D., 699. Orden, Gabriela de la, 169. Orgaz Martínez, Andrés, 384. Origen de la santísima cruz de milagros de la ciudad de Querétaro, 106. Origlia, Ismael, 1486. Orjuela, Luis Javier, 2276. Oro y plomo en las Indias: los tornaviajes de la escritura virreinal, 1226. Oropesa, Ricardo R., 2064. Oropeza, José Napoleón, 1441. O’Rourke, Kathryn E., 22. Orozco, José Clemente, 23. Orozco y Los Teules, 1947, 23. Orrantia, Marta, 1422. Orrillo, Winston, 1630. Ortega, Joel, 451. Ortega-Márquez, Inés, 46. Ortega Martínez, María Liliana, 797. Ortiz Batallas, Cecilia, 900. Ortíz de D’Arterio, Julia Patricia, 157, 1021. Ortoll, Servando, 456. Osorio, Joaquín, 2062. Ospina Cruz, Carlos Arturo, 877. Ospina Pizano, María, 1423. Ourique, João Luis Pereira, 1844. Ovalle Rodríguez, Edna, 273. Oviedo Salazar, Mauricio, 523. Oxlaj Cúmez, Miguel Ángel, 1631. Pacheco, Giovanna, 2116. Pacheco, Jaime, 337. Pacheco Valera, Irina, 2065.

Los pacientes del Manicomio La Castañeda y sus diagnósticos: una historia de la clínica psiquiátrica en México, 19101968, 452. Pacific Standard Time: LA/LA (project), 7, 36. Padilla, Ignacio, 1264. Padilla, Paris, 385. Padilla de Sanz, Trinidad, 1341. Páez Varela, Alejandro, 1265. Paiewonsky, Raquel, 35. Paiva, Adriano Toledo, 1123. Paiva, Eduardo França, 1143. Paiva, Marcelo Rubens, 2179. Pájaros de sombra: diecisiete poetas colombianas (1989-1964), 1574. Palabras de injuria y expresiones de disenso: en lenguaje licencioso en Iberoamérica, 1227. Palacio, Alfredo, 1632. Palacio, Celia del, 295. Palacio de Bellas Artes (Ciudad de México, Mexico), 24. Palacios Hernández, Lylia, 273. Palacios Mateos, Fernando, 2080-2082. Palafox, Ernesto, 246. Palamara, Graziano, 256. Palencia Frener, Sergio Guillermo, 2248. Palermo, Pablo Emilio, 1017. Palermo, Silvana A., 1023. Palma, Patricia, 918. Palmer, Jennifer L., 647. Palmiste, Claire Lucienne, 767. Palomares-Salas, Claudio, 2019. Palomino, Francisco, 338. Palomo, Jorge, 33. Palou, Pedro Angel, 1266. Palti, Elías José, 2229. Pando, José María de, 919. Panduro Astorga, César, 1633. Panella, Verónica, 60. Papacek, Thilo F., 1054. Paquette, Catha, 24. Para participar en lo justo: recuperando la obra de Fanny Rabel, 25. Paraíso, Raquel, 2020. Paralitici, Ché, 571. Pardo, Osvaldo F., 107. Pardo Motta, Diego Nicolás, 878. Paredes, Ana Judith, 829. Paredes Martínez, Carlos S., 108. Parisi, Alejandro, 1487. Parra Kadpa, Alberto, 246. Parra Salazar, Mayra Natalia, 1709.

682 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Party, Daniel, 2021. Un pasado criminal: Sudáfrica y Argentina, argumentos y documentos para el debate, 2297. Pascacio, Etna T., 71. Pascacio Guillén, Bertha, 315. Pascual, Cecilia M., 1018. Pascual Gutiérrez, Iris, 453. Passô, Grace, 1847. Passos, Edvard, 1871. Pastorino Rodríguez, Magalí, 61. Patiño, Enrique, 1424. La patria deportiva: (ensayos sobre historia y cultura atlética en Puerto Rico), 572. Patriota, Margarida de Aguiar, 1818. Patriota, Rosangela, 1872. Paul-Austin, Lucie Carmel, 781. Paula Valéria, Andrade, 1819. Paulo, Rodolfo R. Viana de, 2160. Pavis, Patrice, 1710. Paxman, Andrew, 454-455. Paz-Soldán, Alba María, 1587. Paj dziora, Eric, 2004. Peck Fernández, Federico, 1296. Pécora, Alcir, 1846. Pedranzini, Maximiliano, 2298. Pedro de Santo Eliseu, Frei, 1820. Peluffo Linari, Gabriel, 62. Peña, Margarita, 1228. Peña Díaz, Manuel, 221. Penalba, Alicia, 41. Penhos, Marta, 1019. El pensamiento nacional: ensayos: homenaje al maestro Arturo Jauretche, 2298. El pensamiento político de inspiración católica, 2266. Pensamiento social italiano sobre América Latina, 2230. Perchuk, Andrew, 7. Percio, Enrique M. Del, 2231. Pereira, Alexandra Maria, 1132. Pereira, Edimilson de Almeida, 1821. Pereira, Gabriel da Cunha, 1873. Pereira, Manuel, 1376. Pereira, Mayra, 2141. Pereira, Robson Mendonça, 1167. Peres-Cajías, José Alejandro, 944. Pereyra, Emilia, 1377. Pérez, Bárbara, 2038. Pérez, Daniela, 21. Pérez, Jorge L., 1378. Pérez, Roberto Carlos, 1314. Pérez, Vladimir Tatis, 1360. Pérez Bocca, Claudia, 1701.

Pérez Cáceres, Carlos, 1055. Pérez Domínguez, Marisa, 381. Pérez Escutia, Ramón Alonso, 386. Pérez Jiménez, Cristina, 1915. Pérez Montfort, Ricardo, 1974. Pérez Navarro, Ricardo A., 524. Pérez Pineda, Carlos, 525. Pérez Price, Ariel Rene, 1315. Pérez Rubio, Agustín, 38, 40. Pérez Sáinz, Juan Pablo, 526. Pérez-Talavera, María, 1316. Pérez Viejo, Tomás, 205. Pérez Vila, Manuel, 827. Pérez Walters, Patricia, 26. Pérez Zavala, Graciana, 197. Perfi les biográficos de franceses en México (siglos XIX-XX), 387. Peris C., Carlos A., 1054. Pérotin-Dumon, Anne, 573-574, 648. Pertuz Suarez, Jairo H., 1317. Peru. Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación, 908. El Perú en los inicios del siglo XXI: cambios y continuidades desde las ciencias sociales, 920. El Perú en revolución: independencia y guerra: un proceso, 1780-1826, 806. Pessoa, Felipe Ferreira de Paula, 2180. Pessoa, Patrick, 1837. Petersen Farah, Diego, 1267. Pétesch, Nathalie, 2177. Petley, Christer, 700. Petra, Adriana, 2299. Peyrou, Rosario, 1537. Pfister, Christian, 648. Pi Corrales, Magdalena, 212. Picard, Jacqueline, 701. Piccato, Pablo, 296. Piedad, Jorge, 246. Piedras y papeles: vestigios del pasado: temas de arqueología y etnohistoria de Mesoamérica, 109. Pierre-Louis, Jessica, 575. Pierre-Paul, Antoine, 768. Piglia, Ricardo, 1933. Piñeiro, Claudia, 1488. Piñero Cádiz, Gerardo M., 769. Pinheiro, Fernanda Domingos, 1133. Pinheiro, Maria Luiza Ugarte, 1196. Pinheiro, Sara, 1841. Pinho, José Ricardo Moreno, 1197. Pino Iturrieta, Elías, 827. Pinto, Angelo da Cunha, 1203. Pinto, Francisco Eduardo, 1134.

Author Index / 683 Pinto, Julio, 2285. Pinto, Rosalvo Gonçalves, 1135. Pinto, Theophilo Augusto, 2181. Pinto, Tiago de Oliveira, 2182. Las pinturas realistas de Tetitla, Teotihuacan: estudios a través de la obra de Agustín Villagra Caleti, 110. Pioneros, colonos y pueblos: memoria y testimonio de los procesos de colonización y urbanización de la Amazonia colombiana, 879. Piqueras Arenas, José Antonio, 203. Pires, Antônio Liberac Cardoso Simões, 1177, 2127. Pires, Maria do Carmo, 1073. Pirker, Kristina, 527. Pita González, Alexandra, 270, 2232. Pittier, Henri, 528. Pizà, Antoni, 1957. Plasencki, Ladislao, 1634. Plaza Navamuel, Rodolfo Leandro, 1020. Plenc, Daniel, 253. La población: su dinámica y los retratos resultantes, 1021. Las poblaciones indígenas en la conformación de las naciones y los estados en la América Latina decimonónica, 204. Poderes e lugares de Minas Gerais: um quadro urbano no interior brasileiro, séculos XVIII-XX, 1073. Polémicas intelectuales, debates políticos: las revistas culturales en el siglo XX, 2300. Polimene, María Paula, 996. Política, sociedad, instituciones y saberes: diálogos interdisciplinares e intercontinentales, 1022. Política y cultura de masas en la Argentina de la primera mitad del siglo XX, 1023. Pollack, Aaron, 495. Pollero Beheregaray, Raquel, 1068. Polop, Santiago, 2213. Polson, Simon, 2004. Pombo, Nívia, 1136. Ponce, Liliana, 1899. Ponce Alcocer, María Eugenia, 381. Ponce León, Fernando, 2266. Ponce Vázquez, Juan José, 612-613. Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, 1156. Pontos de Interrogação: Revista Eletrônica de Crítica Cultural, 2182. Poole, Stafford, 316. Popkin, Jeremy D., 649.

Popovitch, Anna, 2202. ¿Por Dios o por la mitra?: obispos, cristeros, evangélicos, 1926-1992, 456. Por los senderos de un tlamatini: homenaje a Joaquín Galarza, 111. Porcher, Kevin, 650. Porfi rio Díaz: de soldado de la patria a estadista: 1830-1915, 388. Porras, Rodolfo, 1683. Portal Movimientos Migratorios Iberoamericanos, 576. Porter, Susie S., 277, 457. Pour le pays, par le pays: le Conseil général de la Martinique 1827 - 2015, une institution au cœur des martiniquais, 577. Pourtugau, Caroline, 578. Powell, Jessica, 1932. Prado, Antonio Arnoni, 1848. Prado, Fabrício Pereira, 814. Prado Acosta, Laura, 1024. Praxedis, Guerrero G., 389. Preciado Zamora, Julia, 180, 456. Preciado Zapata, Bibiana Andrea, 880. Precioso, Daniel, 1137. Premio Independiente de Joven Dramaturgia (2016), 1684. Premo, Bianca, 226. La presidencia de Virgilio Barco treinta años después, 881. Prest, Julia, 2053. Prestol Castillo, Freddy, 1934. Pretelt Serrano, Thatiana, 1318. Preuss, Ori, 240. Priamo, Luis, 968. Prieto, Yolanda, 1398. Prigorian, Nelly, 2233. Las primeras universidades de Venezuela: homenaje a la Universidad de los Andes en su bicentenario, 1810-2010, 829. Prislei, Leticia, 2300. Proaño-Gómez, Lola, 1708. Prostitución y lenocinio en México, siglos XIX y XX, 297. Provençal, Lucien, 1117. Pueblos en tiempos de guerra: la formación de la nación en México, Argentina y Brasil (1800-1920), 298. Puente Brunke, José de la, 182. Puerto Rican slave documents collection, 702. Puerto Rico indócil: antología de cuentos puertorriqueños del siglo XXI, 1379. Puerto Rico slave registers, 1863-1879: a FamilySearch database, 703.

684 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 La puesta en escena y el espacio teatral, 1710. Pujals, Sandra, 770. Pulido Londoño, Hernando Andrés, 2076. Pulleiro, Adrián, 2301. Queirolo, Graciela Amalia, 1025. Querejeta Barceló, Alejandro, 1380. Quero, Morgan, 920. El quetzal, colibrí gigante: antología de poesía guatemalteca, 1575. Quevedo, Éverton Reis, 1198. Quevedo-Cerquera, Lina, 856. Quiñones, Tato, 704. Quiñones Pérez, Gustavo Adolfo, 2257. Quintana, Mário, 1822. Quintana, Pilar, 1935. Quinterno, Hugo, 1026. Quintero, Pablo, 2209. Quiroga, Cristina, 1699. Quiroga, Marcus Vinicius, 1823-1824. Quirós, Mariano, 1489. Quiroz, Enriqueta, 299. Quiroz, James, 1635. Quiroz Malca, Haydée, 140-141. Quispe-Agnoli, Rocío, 1217. Quispe Escobar, Alber, 945. Rabell, Carmen, 614. Rachi, Sílvia, 1138. Radburn, Nicholas, 651. Ragas, José, 918. Raggi, Giuseppina, 1151. Rahal, Carlos Antônio, 1849, 1857. Raíz Cúbica: la antología, 1576. Rajagopalan, Angela Herren, 112. Raminelli, Ronald, 339, 1139-1140. Ramírez, María Himelda, 882. Ramírez, Sergio, 1319. Ramírez, Susan E., 159. Ramírez Bacca, Renzo, 257. Ramírez Bolaños, Amanda, 276. Ramírez Braschi, Dardo, 1027, 1047. Ramírez González, Clara Inés, 1222. Ramírez López, Javier Eduardo, 84. Ramírez Membrillo, Alfredo, 1333. Ramírez Ortiz, Néstor Gamaliel, 390. Ramírez Santacruz, Francisco, 76, 1210. Ramírez Vidal, Gerardo, 1218. Ramos, Alfredo, 1685. Ramos, Antonio Dari, 160. Ramos, Cristiano, 1825. Ramos, Itan Cruz, 1189. Ramos, Luiz Fernando, 1839. Ramos, Marisol, 538. Ramos, Nelson, 59.

Ramos-Kittrell, Jesús A., 1986. Ramos-Perea, Roberto, 1686. Ramos Riera, Alejandra, 1687. Ramos Ruiz, Danay, 2258. Ramos Soriano, José Abel, 283. Ramos Sucre, José Antonio, 1442. Ramos Zambrano, Augusto, 921. Randall, Margaret, 1890, 1895, 1900, 1934. Rangel Tovías, Juan Francisco, 391. Raniere, Édio, 1874. Rankin, Monica, 170. Ransom, Roberto, 1710. Rapsodia insular, 1381. Rascke, Karla Leandro, 1199. Rascunhos cativos: educação, escolas e ensino no Brasil escravista, 1141. Rasmussen, Anthony W., 2022. Rausch, Jane M., 883. Raussert, Wilfried, 2023. Raza y política en Hispanoamérica, 205. Ré, Henrique Antonio, 1200. Reali, María Laura, 189. Reaza, LeRoy Anthony, 337. Red Conceptualismos del Sur, 49. Redes, corporaciones comerciales y mercados hispanoamericanos en la economía global, siglos XVII-XIX, 206. Redes intelectuales transnacionales en América Latina durante la entreguerra, 2232. Rediker, Marcus, 588. Redondo, Nilda Susana, 2206. Reflexión y crítica en torno al movimiento estudiantil de 1968: nuevos enfoques y líneas de investigación, 458. Regalado, Alexandra Lytton, 1909. Régent, Frédéric, 705. Registro central de esclavos (Slave schedules), 1872. Record group 186: records of the Spanish governors of Puerto Rico, 1767-1880, 706. Regueira Millán, Salvador, 2062. Reichert, Rafal B., 503. Reinaga, Fausto, 2219. Um reino e suas repúblicas no Atlântico: comunicações políticas entre Portugal, Brasil e Angola nos séculos XVII e XVIII, 1142. Reis, João José, 1169, 1201. Relational undercurrents: contemporary art of the Caribbean archipelago, 36. Religiões e religiosidades, escravidão e mestiçagens, 1143. Remedi, Fernando Javier, 1028.

Author Index / 685 Remedi, Gustavo, 1701, 1714. Remix: changing conversations in museums of the Americas, 9. Representaciones, emergencias y resistencias de la crítica cultural: mujeres intelectuales en América Latina y el Caribe, 2233. Represión, tolerancia e integración en España y América: extranjeros, esclavos, indígenas y mestizos durante el siglo XVIII, 227. Resende, Maria Leônia Chaves de, 1144, 1162. Resonancias: cuentos breves de Panamá y Venezuela, 1320. Restall, Matthew, 72. Restrepo, Laura, 1425. Restrepo, Luis Fernando, 1229. Restrepo Zea, Estela, 887. Revista Brasileira de Música, 2183. Revista do Instituto de Estudos Brasileiros, 2184. Revista Música, 2185. La revolución revisitada: nuevas perspectivas sobre la insurrección y la guerra en El Salvador, 529. Rey, Miguel del, 173, 771. Rey, Terry, 652. Rey de Castro Arena, Alejandro, 922. Rey Rosa, Rodrigo, 1321, 1936. Reyes, Alejandro, 2115. Reyes, Yolanda, 1426. Reyes Gallegos, Artemisa M., 2024. Reyes Morales, Erik Damián, 113. Reyes Patiño, Reynaldo de los, 459. Reyes Zúñiga, Lénica, 1961. Rezende, Maria Valeria, 1813. Rezzutti, Paulo, 1145. Riaño Umbarila, Elizabeth, 879. Ribadero, Martín, 1029. Ribeiro, Gladys Sabina, 1180. Ribeiro, Júlio Cézar, 1146. Ribeiro, Maria Alice Rosa, 1147. Ribeiro, Priscila Maria, 2186. Ribera Chevremont, Evaristo, 1341. Ricardo Martínez, a 100 años de su nacimiento, 27. Ricca, Guillermo, 2213, 2302. Ricci, Jorge, 1657. Riccino, Titi, 132. Rice, Donald Tunnicliff, 707. Rice, Mark, 923. Ricketts, Mónica, 807. Rieche, Eduardo, 1875.

Riemer, Jeremiah, 214. Rifrem (research network). Encuentro 17th, Mexico City, 2014, 460. Rincón, Emmanuel, 1443. Rincón Finol, Imelda, 829. Riobó, Carlos, 42. Rios, Fernando E., 2072. Ríos Molina, Andrés, 452. Ríos Zúñiga, Rosalina, 174, 287. Risco, Enrique del, 1382. Risco Bermúdez, René del, 1383. The rise and demise of slavery and the slave trade in the Atlantic world, 207. Ristow, Colby, 392. Ritter, Luke, 340. Rivadeneira Vargas, Antonio José, 50. Rivas San Martín, Felipe, 5. Rivera, Diego, 24. Rivera Casellas, Zaira O., 1404. Rivera Cusicanqui, Silvia, 2273, 2277. Rivera Garza, Cristina, 1937. Rivera Vélez, Carlos, 708. Rivero, José, 924. Rivero-Ayllón, Teodoro, 2271. Roberts, Patricia, 1636. Roberts, Peter A., 579. Robertson Orozco, Margarita, 932. Robiou Lamarche, Sebastián, 580. Robledo Escobar, Natalia, 2265. Roca, Concepción, 1656. Roca, Pilar, 161. Rocca, Cristina, 43. Rocchi, Fernando, 1030. Rocchietti, Ana María, 197. Rocha, Lecy Figueiredo, 162. Rocha Monroy, Ramón, 2234. Rockefeller Center, 24. Rocklin, Alexander, 615. Rodrigues, Aldair Carlos, 1099, 1148. Rodrigues, Cláudia, 1101. Rodrigues, Henrique, 2116. Rodrigues, Marinete Aparecida Zacharias, 1202. Rodríguez, Adriana Claudia, 666. Rodríguez, Aldo, 2059. Rodríguez, Giovanni, 1322. Rodriguez, Karen, 2025. Rodríguez, Mauricio, 2017. Rodríguez, Saturnino, 1389. Rodríguez Alarcón, María N., 830. Rodríguez Arenas, Hugo, 2026. Rodríguez Beruff, Jorge, 581. Rodríguez Bolufé, Olga María, 4, 37. Rodríguez de Alonso, Josefi na, 827.

686 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Rodríguez Febles, Ulises, 1688. Rodríguez Ferreira, Andrés, 1711. Rodríguez Gallardo, Adolfo, 300. Rodríguez García, Juan José, 393. Rodríguez Jiménez, Pablo, 884. Rodríguez Larraín, Emilio, 53. Rodríguez Lehmann, Cecilia, 831. Rodríguez Morel, Genaro, 616-617. Rodríguez Ordóñez, Jaime Edmundo, 241. Rodríguez Reyes, Patricia, 1427. Rodríguez Rial, Gabriela, 2285. Rodríguez Rodríguez, Ricardo, 2027. Rodríguez Solano, Pablo Augusto, 530. Rohland de Langbehn, Regula, 954. Rojas, Eduardo, 2235. Rojas Huaynates, Joel, 2272. Rojas Rabiela, Teresa, 1974. Rojas Soriano, Raúl, 461. Roldán, Diego P., 1018. Roldán Grieve, Gino, 1637. Roller, Heather F., 163. Román Alarcón, Rigoberto Arturo, 462. Romeiro, Adriana, 1149. Romera Castillo, José, 1698. Romero, Cira, 1364. Romero, Francisco, 2303. Romero, Raúl R., 2097-2098. Romero de Solís, José Miguel, 114. Romero Duarte, Benjamín, 28. Romero Galván, José Rubén, 113, 123. Romero Rey, Sandro, 1663. Romero Valiente, Juan Manuel, 772. Romero Valle, Ana María, 359. Romiti, Elena, 1544-1545. Ronco, Bartolomé José, 1031. Ronsseray, Céline, 653. Roorda, Eric Paul, 773-774. Roper, Danielle, 2099. Roqué, Ana, 1341. Roque García, Juan Carlos, 2066. Rosa, Marcus, 1878. Rosa, Maria da Glória Sá, 1747. Rosa Vélez, Ángel Luis, 1384. Rosario, Fari, 1385. Rosario Gálvez, Desirée Denise del, 1323. Rosario Rivera, Raquel, 654. Rosas Lauro, Claudia, 806. Rosas Salas, Sergio Francisco, 284, 394. Rosemblatt, Karin Alejandra, 463. Rosenberg, Andrea, 1918. Rosenwong, Anna, 1901. Rosero Diago, Evelio, 1428. Rosique, Roberto, 29. Ross, Keith, 1268. Rossello, Renzo, 1533.

Rossi, Juan José, 164. Rossignol, Bernadette, 655. Rossignol, Philippe, 655. Roubina, Evguenia, 2028-2030. Rozitchner, León, 2304. Rubiera Castillo, Daisy, 603. Rubio León, Leyles, 1432. Rubira, Luís, 1844. Rueda Barrera, Eduardo A., 2276. Ruffini, Martha, 1032. Ruffino, Mónica, 157. Rufi no Tamayo: el éxtasis del color, 30. Rugemer, Edward Bartlett, 582. Ruisánchez Serra, José Ramón, 1224. Ruisard, Richard, 2004. Ruiz Bañuls, Mónica, 1219. Ruiz Cervantes, Francisco José, 388. Ruiz Lapresta, Carlos, 709. Ruiz Medrano, Carlos Rubén, 341. Ruiz Montes, Laura, 1900. Ruiz Moreno, Isidoro J., 1033. Ruiz Muñoz, Lorenia, 395. Ruiz Pasos, Víctor, 2031. Ruiz Vega, Omar, 2054. Runge Peña, Andrés Klaus, 877. Rupert Lewis and the Black intellectual tradition, 775. Russi, Uruguay, 63. Rutas de la herencia y cultura negra en América y el Perú, 925. Rutkow, Eric, 208. Ruz Barrio, Miguel Angel, 74, 109. Ryden, David Beck, 656. Saavedra, Leonora, 2032-2033. Sabeh, Luiz, 1150. Saborit, Antonio, 17. Saccomanno, Guillermo, 1490, 1938. Sacolick, Robin, 2060. Sáenz Paterson, Guillermo, 1638. Sáez, José Luis, 583. Safra, Alessandra, 1826. Sage, Marisa, 1884. Sagradini, Lucía, 62. Sagradini, Mario, 62. Sainz Borgo, Karina, 1939. Salaberg, Jhonny, 1850. Salado, Minerva, 776. Salamanca, Elena, 1909. Salas Cassy, Erika, 2034-2035. Salas Landa, Mónica M., 464. Salazar, Armando, 531. Salazar, Mónica, 2248. Salazar, Ramón A., 504. Salazar Bondy, Augusto, 2272. Salazar Siciliano, Giovanna, 132.

Author Index / 687 Salazar Simarro, Nuria, 84. Salcedo Chirinos, César Augusto, 710. Salih, Wafi, 1444. Salinas Basave, Daniel, 1269. Salinas Díaz, María Teresa, 1669-1670. Salles, Paulo de Tarso, 2187. Salles, Ricardo, 233. Salmerón Castro, Alicia, 190. Salomão, Jorge, 1827. Salomão, Omar, 1828. Salomão, Waly, 1752. Salomón, Miguelito, 1974. Salvador, Alvaro, 1557. Salvador da Bahia: interações entre América e África (séculos XVI-XIX), 1151. Salvadori, Maria Angela Borges, 2188. Salvatierra, Silvio Carlos Alberto, 1034. Salvi, Luca, 1566. Samacá Alonso, Gabriel David, 885, 2077. Samaniega, Francisco, 1987. Samaniego Duarte, José Antonio, 1324. Sampeck, Kathryn E., 119. San Martín de Artiñano, Francisco Javier, 228. San Miguel, Pedro Luis, 301. Sanabria, Carlos, 584. Sánchez, Carlos Alberto, 2244. Sánchez, José Eugenio, 1901. Sánchez, José Miguel, 1366, 1395. Sánchez, Joseph P., 342. Sánchez, Matías, 946. Sánchez, Minelys, 1386. Sánchez Andrés, Agustín, 263, 532. Sánchez Azcona, Juan, 465. Sánchez Beras, César, 1689. Sánchez Botero, Clara Helena, 887. Sánchez Cabrera, Angélica, 1715. Sánchez Chicas, Mercedes, 533. Sánchez Garrafa, Rodolfo, 1577. Sánchez Huaringa, Carlos, 2100. Sanchez Jr., Robert Eli, 2244. Sánchez Mora, Alexánder, 505. Sánchez-Noriega Armengol, María de los Ángeles, 115. Sánchez Padilla, Andrés, 242. Sánchez Prado, Ignacio M., 1224. Sánchez Salinas, Romina, 1708. Sánchez Silva, Carlos, 388. Sánchez Steiner, Lina María, 879. Sanchiz, Ramiro, 1534. Sandroni, Carlos, 2175. Sanfi lippo, Matteo, 209. Sang, Mu-Kien Adriana, 2259. Sangenis, Luiz Fernando Conde, 1152. Sanoja, Mario, 832.

Santa Cruz: documentos para su historia, 810. Santa Gadea, Luis Millones, 800. Santamaría Montero, Leonardo, 523. Santana, Adalberto, 250. Santana, Dave, 1741. Santander Ontiveros, Juan Carlos, 396. Sant’Anna, Affonso Romano de, 1829. Sant’Anna, Alice, 1830. Santanna, Marilda, 2117. Santiago, Mark, 343. Santiago Nogales, Rocío, 1698. Santiago Torres, Alinaluz, 1387. Santibáñez Tijerina, Blanca Esthela, 264. Santis, Pablo de, 1491. Santiso, Javier, 2214. Santiváñez, Roger, 1578, 1647. Santo Domingo (Spanish colony). Real Audiencia, 616-617. Santoro, Cláudio, 2185. Santos, Eurides de Souza, 2189. Santos, Fabricio Lyrio, 1153. Santos, Marcelo Tadeu dos, 1154. Santos, Márcio Roberto Alves dos, 1155. Santos, Matildes Demétrio dos, 1814. Santos, Sílvio dos, 2190. Santos Chandomí, Patricia de los, 269. Santos, devociones e identidades en el centro de México, siglos XVI-XX, 302. Santos Lepera, Lucia, 1035. Santucci, Silvana, 2238. Santullo, Rodolfo, 1531, 1535. Sara González, con apuros y paciencia, 2067. Sarfson, Susana, 2036. Sarmiento Chipana, Sixto, 1639. Sarralde, Ruben, 63. Satizábal, Carlos, 1712. Sazbón, Daniel, 2300. Scarabelli, Sonia, 1640. Schaefer, Timo H., 397. Scheider, Frédéric, 777. Schell, Lucina, 1889. Schickendantz, Carlos Federico, 246. Schmidt Haberl, Gerhard Viktor, 1360. Schmitt, Casey, 618. Schnakenbourg, Christian, 585-587, 657, 778-779. Schneemann, Peter Johannes, 16. Schneider, Elena Andrea, 658. Scholtus, Silvia, 253. Schook, David, 1232. Schumacher, Alec, 1893. Schuster, Sven, 194. Schwaller, John Frederick, 116, 316. Schwartz, Stuart, 567.

688 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Schwartzkopf, Stacey, 119. Schweblin, Samanta, 1492, 1910. Scott, Edgardo, 1493. Scott, Julius Sherrard, 588. Secreto, María Verónica, 1207. Sedgewick, Augustine, 486. Segovia, Sofía, 1940. Segreo Ricardo, Rigoberto, 619. Sehbe, Cláudia, 1831. Seidman, Anthony, 1888. Sella, Orlando Enrique, 780. Sellick, Gary, 659. Semanas de España en República Dominicana, Dominican Republic, 2015, 762. Seminário A Companhia de Jesus na América: Pesquisas e Contrastes, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, 2011, 1156. Seminario Internacional de Narrativas, 2nd, Universidad EAFIT, 2014, 1229. Seminario Los Trabajadores ante la Nacionalización Petrolera, Xalapa, Mexico, 1987, 466. Semo, Enrique, 303. Senior, Olive, 34. 7 février 1986: enjeux, problèmes, enseignements, 781. Sergl, Marcos Julio, 2191. Serna, Enrique, 1270. Serrano Alvarez, Pablo, 286. Serrano Galvis, Ana, 886. Serulnikov, Sergio, 1002. Sérvulo, Rodrigo, 1832. Seveno, Caroline, 589. Shaw, Jenny, 620. Shchelchkov, A.A., 947. Shelton, Laura, 398. Sheptak, Russell N., 220. Sherriff, María E., 1494. Shesko, Elizabeth, 948. Shua, Ana María, 1495. Sierra, Fernando de, 64. Sierra Caballero, Francisco, 258. Sierra Villarreal, José Luis, 399. Sietecase, Reynaldo, 1496. Sigüenza Orozco, Salvador, 180. Silva, Adriana Maria Paulo da, 1141. Silva, Bianca Carolina Pereira da, 1114. Silva, Carlos A.C., 2196. Silva, Carlos Amaral da, 2191. Silva, Clara, 1545. Silva, Denílson de Cassio, 1157. Silva, Edilson Mateus Costa da, 2192. Silva, Erivan, 2189.

Silva, Fábio Teixeira da, 1203. Silva, José Carlos Gomes da, 2193. Silva, Leandro Ferreira Lima da, 1158. Silva, Maciel Henrique, 1204. Silva, Marco Antônio Nunes da, 221. Silva, Martiniano José da, 1876. Silva, Valéria Cristina da, 1740. Silva Carrero, Gustavo, 887. Silva Esquén, Miguel Ángel, 808. Silva-Herzog Márquez, Jesús J., 376. Silva Jr., Carlos da, 1169. Silveira, Alina, 1036. Silveira, Patrícia Ferreira dos Santos, 1159. Silver, Katherine, 1908. Silverio, Leo, 1360. Silvers, Michael B., 2194. Silvestrin, Ricardo, 1833. Simpósio Nacional de História, 27th, Natal, Brazil, 2013, 1177. Singer González, Deborah, 506. Sintes Gómez, Elia, 664. Sisneros, Samuel E., 344. Skar Hawkins, Stacey Alba, 1897. SlaveVoyages: trans-atlantic slave trade database, 621. Small, Taika, 1289. Smarth, William, 782. Smith, Averell, 783. Smith, Benjamin T., 289, 467. Smith, Brian, 47. Smythe-Johnson, Nicole, 34. Snyder, Andrew, 2195. Soares, Thiago, 2068. Soberanes Fernández, José Luis, 414. Sobre las revoluciones latinoamericanas del siglo XX, 259. Sochaczewski, Monique, 1205. Una sociedad distinta: espacios del comercio negrero en el occidente de Cuba (18361866), 711. Sola Ayape, Carlos, 534. Solans, Claudia, 1497. Solares, Martín, 1941. Solari, Amara, 117. Solís Robleda, Gabriela, 345. Soliz, Carmen, 949. Somers, Armonía, 1942. Sons da Bahia, 2196. Soprano, Germán, 970. Soria Galvarro Balcázar, Eric Armando, 810. Soriano, Cristina, 833. Soriano, Manuel, 1498. Soriano Muñoz, Núria, 346. Sosa, Álvaro, 1060. Sosenski, Susana, 468-469.

Author Index / 689 Soto Espinosa, Edson Abraham Salvador, 400. Soto Flores, Leticia, 1975. Sotomayor, Antonio, 784. Sotomayor, Áurea María, 1579. Sotomayor Miletti, Aurea María, 1405. Sousa, Lisa, 83. Sousa, Rafael José de, 1144. Souto Mantecón, Matilde, 190. Souza, George Félix Cabral de, 1160. Souza, João José Veras de, 2197. Souza, Jorge Victor de Araújo, 1161. Souza, Tárik de, 2198. Souza, Vinícius, 1841. Souza Júnior, José Alves de, 1129. Spain. Embajada (Dominican Republic), 762. The Spanish Caribbean and the Atlantic world in the long sixteenth century, 622. Sparks, Garry, 125. Speckman Guerra, Elisa, 307. Spenser, Daniela, 470. Spiguel, Claudio, 1016. Sprenkels, Ralph, 529. Staines Cicero, Leticia, 110. Stamatov, Suzanne M., 347. Staudt Moreira, Paulo Roberto, 1206. Stauffer, Brian A., 401. Stephens, Michelle Ann, 36. Stevens, Donald Fithian, 304. Stites Mor, Jessica, 3. Stobart, Henry, 2073. Stolarsky, Elián, 1521. Story, Isabel, 733. Strube, Miriam, 2037. Stuempfle, Stephen, 590. Stumpf, Roberta Giannubilo, 1151. Suárez, Alejandro, 1388. Suárez, Ignacio, 1617. Suárez Argüello, Ana Rosa, 263. Suárez Castro, María de Guadalupe, 118, 315. Suárez Cortina, Manuel, 183. Suárez Durán, Esther, 1713. Suárez Gutiérrez, Miguel Esteban, 844. Suárez Pérez, Carolina, 879. Substance and seduction: ingested commodities in early modern Mesoamerica, 119. Suescun Pozas, Maria del Carmen, 3. Sullivan, Edward J., 55. Sullón Barreto, Gleydi, 809. Suniaga, Francisco, 1445. Surian, Alessio, 2230. Sutton, Barbara, 1037. Svensson, Manfred, 2225. Sweeney, Shauna, 660.

Szkurka, Zsu, 1232. Szoblik, Katarzyna, 120. Szpunberg, Alberto, 1641. Taboada, Hernán, 229. Tadeu, Clemente, 2179. Tagliaferro, Gerardo, 1536. Taller Historia Crítica del Arte, 49. Tamagnini, Marcela, 980. Tamarit, José, 2236. Tamayo, Rufi no, 30. Tambriz Tambriz, Felipe, 1642. Tanck de Estrada, Dorothy, 84. O Tapa no Arena: repertório em imagens, 1877. Taracena Arriola, Arturo, 515. Tato, María Inés, 1038. Taunay, Raul de, 1834. Tavira, José María de, 1671. Tavira, Luis de, 1671. Taylor, Christopher, 712. Teatro, comunicação e sociabilidade: uma análise da censura ao teatro amador em São Paulo (1946-1970), 1878. Teatro da Vertigem, 1879. Teatro de las tres Américas: escena, política y ficción, 1690. El teatro fuera de los teatros: reflexiones críticas desde el archipiélago teatral, 1714. El teatro moderno en México: Teatro de Ulises 1928, Teatro Orientación 19321934, Teatro de México 1943-1945, Teatro Mexicano del Siglo XXI, 1715. Tedeschi, Stefano, 2230. Tejera, Eduardo J., 785. Tejero Coni, Graciela, 1039. Tejidos culturales: las mujeres judías en México, 305. Tello, Aurelio, 2038. Temi, Elías, 132. Temkin, Samuel, 348. O tempo visto daqui: 85 cronistas paranaenses, 1751. Tena Reyes, Jorge, 1406. Tenorio-Trillo, Mauricio, 210. Terral, Roméo, 786. Terranova, Juan, 1499. Terrazas y Basante, María Marcela, 362. Territorialidad y poder regional de las Intendencias en las independencias de México y Perú, 243. Territórios ao sul: escravidão, escritas e fronteiras coloniais e pós-coloniais na América, 1207. Terrones, María Eugenia, 268.

690 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Tessitore, Viviane, 1145. Thame, Maziki, 775. Thomas, Adam, 713. Tiburi, Marcia, 1758. Ticas, Sonia P., 1898. Tierra breve: antología centroamericana de minificción, 1325. Timó, Enrique, 165. Tirado Villegas, Gloria, 475. Tobar Aguilar, Gladys, 1333. Tomasena, José Miguel, 1271. Tomich, Dale W., 714. Toni, Flávia Camargo, 2184. Torales Pacheco, María Cristina, 318. Tornell, Raúl, 1446. Tornés Reyes, Emmanuel, 1381. Torquato Neto, 1752, 1835. Torre, Carlos de la, 260. Torres, Alejandra, 44. Torres, Cecilia, 55. Torres, Fernanda, 1952. Torres, Jorge Adan, 2039. Torres, Milton, 1820. Torres, Víctor F., 2055. Torres Arroyo, Ana María, 25. Torres Elers, Damaris A., 673. Torres Funes, Ariel, 1326. Torres Galarza, Ramón, 1643. Torres Molina, Susana, 1653, 1691. Torres Olivares, Gabriela, 1272. Torres-Rivas, Edelberto, 482. Torres Salazar, Hugo, 291. Torres Torres, Eugenio Martín, 178. Tortorici, Zeb, 349. Toscana, David, 1943. Tossi, Mauricio, 1656. Tossounian, Cecilia, 1040. Tosta Montserrat, Esmeralda, 1447. Tourinho, Lígia, 1853. Tovalín Ahumada, Alberto, 18. Tovar, Manuel José, 1580. Tovar Astorga, Romeo, 481. Townsend, Camilla, 121. Toxqui Furlong, Mayra Gabriela, 387. El trabajo: actores, protestas y derechos, 1041. Trabucco Zerán, Alia, 1944. Trahey, Erin, 715. Transatlantic malagueñas and zapateados in music, song and dance: Spaniards, Natives, Africans, Roma, 1957. Trapnell, Lucy, 926. Travacio, Mariana, 1346, 1500. Travessias inquisitoriais das Minas Gerais aos cárceres do Santo Ofício: diálogos e

trânsitos religiosos no império luso-brasileiro (sécs. XVI-XVIII), 1162. 13 que cuentan, 1537. Treece, David, 2174. Tres toques mágicos: antología de la minificción cubana, 1389. Trochon Ghislieri, Ivette, 1069. Trueba Lara, José Luis, 20. Truitt, Jonathan G., 122. Trujillo, Domingo, 1538. Trujillo Muñoz, Gabriel, 1888. Tuna, Gustavo Henrique, 1741. Turner, Grace, 661. Tutino, John, 306. Twitty, Anne, 1902. Tyvela, Kirk, 1056. Ulentin, Anne, 716. Umaña, Helen, 1334. Universidad APEC, 762. Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades, 388. Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, 1705. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 16. Universidad, cultura y estado, 887. Universidad de Colima. Cuerpo Académico de Historia, 270. Universidad de Guadalajara, 291. Universidad de los Andes (Mérida, Venezuela), 829. Universidad del Rosario, 194. Universidad EAFIT, 1229. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Centro de Investigaciones sobre América Latina y el Caribe, 250, 920. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, 190. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Investigaciones Bibliográficas, 177, 359. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas, 110. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas, 223. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Investigaciones sobre la Universidad y la Educación, 174. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Museo Universitario Arte Contemporáneo, 11, 13, 31, 51. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Programa Universitario de Estudios sobre la Ciudad, 267.

Author Index / 691 Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 887. Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento, 44. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Cátedra Libre Ernesto Che Guevara, 2206. Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 1405. Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, 2088. Universidad Rafael Landívar. Instituto de Investigación y Proyección sobre Dinámicas Globales y Territoriales, 124. Universidad Veracruzana. Centro de Investigaciones Históricas, 466. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Programa de Pós-Graduação em História, 1123. Universidade Federal Fluminense, 1180. University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, 1229. University of Trinidad and Tobago. The Academy of Arts, Letters, Culture and Public Affairs, 2049. Uranga, Emilio, 2246. Urcid, Javier, 123. Uribe Mendoza, Blanca Irais, 402. Urquiza, Ariel, 1501. Urrego Ardila, Miguel Ángel, 261. Urrego Mendoza, Zulma Consuelo, 888. Urroz Kanan, Eloy, 1273. Urton, Gary, 166. Los usos del olvido: recorridos, dimensiones y nuevas preguntas, 2237. Uturunco Mendoza, Ireneo E., 952. Uzel, Marcos, 1880. Vachon, André-Carl, 591. Vaisman, Sara Mónica, 1004. Valcárcel, Karina, 1644. Valderas, Alvaro, 1330. Valdés García, Felix, 2252. Valdés Manríquez, Hugo, 403, 1274. Valdés Medellín, Gonzalo, 1692. Valdés Sánchez, Servando, 787. Valdez, Pedro Antonio, 1390. Valdez Ramos, Jesús, 1705. Valencia Jaramillo, Jorge, 234. Valencia Llano, Alonso, 851, 889. Valencia Villa, Carlos Eduardo, 1208. Valenzuela Matus, Carolina, 1220. Valeriano Sánchez, Alma Yolanda, 471. Valiente, Orfi lio Ernesto, 2249. Valiñas, Leopoldo, 71. Valle, Carlos César, 1645. Valle Pavón, Guillermina del, 206. Vallejo, Catharina Vanderplaats de, 592. Vallejo Aristizábal, Patricio, 1716. Vallejo Corral, Raúl, 1581.

Valles, Raúl, 1710. Valles Ruiz, Rosa María, 472. Van Young, Eric, 404. Vanasco, Alberto, 1502. Vanegas, Alvaro, 1429. Varela, Jairo, 1327. Vargas, Arístides, 1717. Vargas, Rubén, 1582. Vargas, Vania, 1583. Vargas Arenas, Iraida, 832. Vargas Bautista, Fanny, 1360. Vargas Méndez, Jorge, 1584. Varo, Remedios, 1947. Varona Domínguez, Freddy, 2260. Vasallo, Jaqueline, 221. Vasconcelos, Albertina Lima, 1163. Vasconcelos Neto, Agenor Cavalcanti, 2199. Vásquez, Juan Gabriel, 1945. Vásquez, Manuel Horacio, 890. Vásquez, María Fernanda, 891. Vásquez Frías, Pastor, 717, 788. Vásquez Monterroso, Diego, 124. Vásquez Romero, José L., 789. Vázquez, Jimena Eme, 1684. Vázquez Olivera, Mario, 405. Vega, Bernardo, 623-624, 722. Vega Chapú, Arístides, 1391. Vega Salvatierra, Zoila, 2070. Vega Serova, Anna Lidia, 1392. Velasco Avila, Cuauhtémoc, 320. Velásquez, Rogerio, 2264. Velásquez Guzmán, Mónica, 1587-1588. Velázquez Castro, Marcel, 901. Velázquez Medina, Fernando, 1393. Vélez, Rubén, 1430. Vélez Osejo, Anarella, 1283. Vélez Rivera, Marcos A., 790. Velloso, Gustavo, 167. Ventura, Beatriz N., 158. Ventura Rodríguez, María Teresa, 284. El verdadero anticomunismo: política, género y Guerra Fría en Costa Rica (19481973), 535. Verdades ocultas: literatura carcelaria femenina, 1275. Vergara Edwards, Francisco, 2278. Vergara Figueroa, Aurora, 2264. Verna, Chantalle F., 791. Vertanessian, Carlos G., 1042. Vezub, Julio E., 168. Viajeros e independencia: la mirada del otro, 244. Vian, Enid, 2254. Vianna Filho, Oduvaldo, 1881.

692 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 76 Vicio, prostitución y delito: mujeres transgresoras en los siglos XIX y XX, 307. Vico, Domingo de, 125. Victor, J.M., 1851. Victorian Jamaica, 718. Vicuña, Cecilia, 1893, 1902. Vilamajó, Julio, 64. Vilar, Juan Antonio, 1043. Vilar-Payá, Luisa, 2040. Vilardaga, José Carlos, 1164. Vilcapoma Ignacio, José Carlos, 904, 925. Vilches Norat, Vanessa, 1394. Villa-Lobos, Heitor, 2185. Villa Pelayo, José Jesús, 1646. Villacorta, Carlos, 1647. Villagra Caleti, Agustín, 110. Villalobos, Juan Pablo, 1276. Villalobos Mijares, Jacobo, 1448. Villalobos-Ruminott, Sergio, 1229. Villalta, Luiz Carlos, 1165-1166. Villamil, Angel M., 1341. El villancico en la encrucijada: nuevas perspectivas en torno a un género literariomusical (siglos XV-XIX), 1958. Villancicos from Mexico City, 2041. Villancicos, romances y chanzonetas: archivo histórico de la diócesis de Ibarra, Ecuador, siglos XVII y XVIII, 2083. Villanova, Simone, 1882. Villanueva, Carmen, 927. Villanueva, Nicholas, 473. Villanueva Martínez, Orlando, 2078. Villaparedes, Leo Alfonso, 1449. Villarreal, Minerva Margarita, 1586. Villasenin, Lucas Manuel, 834. Villaurrutia, Xavier, 1715. Villavicencio, Susana, 995, 2276. Villavicencio Rojas, Josué Mario, 264. Villegas, Pascale, 406. Villegas Torres, Fernando, 54. Villela, Alice, 2184. Villela, Samuel, 440. Villella, Peter B., 309. Villena Alvarado, Marcelo, 1587. Vinderman, Paulina, 1648. Vinueza, Humberto, 1585. Violencia y método: de lecturas y críticas, 2238. Visita de don Antonio Martínez Luján de Vargas: Catamarca, 1693: transcripción y análisis, 169. Visitas culturales en la Argentina (18981936), 1044. Visualidad y dispositivo(s): arte y técnica desde una perspectiva cultural, 44.

Vitale, Ida, 1586. Vitz, Matthew, 474. Viveros, Javier, 1504, 1546. Viveros Anaya, Luz América, 465. Vivir con lo justo: estudios de historia social del trabajo en perspectiva de género: Argentina, siglos XIX y XX, 1045. Vivó, Buenaventura, 407. Voigt, Lisa, 1221. Volpi Escalante, Jorge, 1277-1278. Volver a los 17: testimonios de las estudiantes que participaron en movimientos estudiantiles de la Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 475. La voz del centro, 593. Vozes, performances e arquivos de saberes, 2200. Vrana, Heather A., 509. Waddell, Jorge Eduardo, 1006. Wagner, Christoph, 16. Wainer, Luis, 262. Ward, J.R., 662. Ward, Julie Ann, 1718. Ward, Thomas, 126. Watanabe, John M., 507. Webber, Oscar, 663. Webre, Stephen Andrew, 315. Weddell, Hugh Algernon, 950. Weinberger, Eliot, 1902. Welchman, John C., 31. Werner, Patrick S., 496. Wheat, David, 622. Whigham, Thomas, 1047, 1057-1058. White, Richard Alan, 1051. Whittle, Charlotte, 1928. Wibbelsman, Michelle, 2084. Widemann, Thierry, 828. Wiener, Gabriela, 1649. Wiethüchter, Blanca, 1587. Wilcox, Robert W., 1209. Williams, Danielle Terrazas, 350. Wimmer, Natasha, 1914. Winks, Christopher Leland, 1902. Wisnik, José Miguel, 1836. Witte, Claudia, 1145. Wojciechowski, Gustavo, 1583. Wolkowicz, Vera, 2085. Wong, Ketty, 2086-2087. Wong Kcomt, Julia, 1650. Wood, Gaby, 1904. Wooding, Bridget, 792. Wright, David, 106. Wright, Robin M., 2201. Wynne, Frank, 1931. Wynter, Sylvia, 2252.

Author Index / 693 Wynter Melo, Carlos Oriel, 1289, 1328-1329. Xatruch Pérez, Héctor Fernando, 1289. Yanes Torrado, Sergio, 1070. Yankelevich, Pablo, 205. Yarfitz, Mir, 1046. Yarrington, Doug, 835. Yeh, Rihan, 450. Yehya, Naief, 1279. Yoder, April, 793-794. Yoshua Okón: colateral = collateral, 31. Yoss, 1395. Young, Kevin A., 951. Yucra Ccahuana, Rubén, 1651. Yvinec, Cédric, 2177. Yvon, Tristan, 594-595. Zaballa Beascoechea, Ana de, 351. Zaldívar Guzmán, Raúl, 536. Zambrana, Fabio, 2074. Zamora, Marcelo, 2248. Zamudio, Adela, 1588. Zanca, José A., 986.

Zanolli Fabila, Betty Luisa de María Auxiliadora, 2042. Zapata, César Augusto, 1396. Zapata Velasco, Antonio, 928. Zárate, Abdón, 952. Zárate Moreno, Jesús, 1693. Zariah, Morgan Vicconius, 1350. Zavala, Virginia, 926. Zegarra F., Margarita, 929. Zelaya, Gustavo, 2250. Zeledón Cartín, Elías, 528. Zeller, Neici M., 795. Zeltsman, Corinna, 408. Zeno Gandía, Manuel, 1341, 1397. Zieleniec, Raquel, 1539. Zorello, Paulo, 1878. Zubillaga, Carlos, 1071-1072. Zulawski, Ann, 796. Zuleta Ortiz, José, 1431. Zurita Tablada, Luis, 2251.