Grothendieck Una Guía A La Obra Matemática Y Filósofica [Primera ed.]

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89

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8e

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83

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2K2`;2 H M2+2bB// /2 T`Q/m+B` mM `2pBbBƦM +QKTH2i /2 dzH i2`KBMQHQ;ő v Hb MQi+BQM2b Mi2`BQ`2bǴe3 (RN8j+- k)- [m2 +QM+Hmv2 2M dziQ/b Hb T`QTB2//2b /2b2#H2b /2 bBKTHB+B//+Q?2`2M+B v bBK2i`őǴ (RN8j+- k)X .2 2bi KM2`- b2 +QMDm;M /KB`#H2K2Mi2 +QMi2MB/Qb v +QMiBM2Mi2b- v mM KTHB `xƦM `KƦMB+ bQ#`2pm2H iQ/Q 2H 2/B}+BQ- 2Mi`2HxM/Q HQ K€b #bi`+iQ v HQ K€b +QM+`2iQ- /2b/2 H 2bi`m+im` /2 Hb +i2;Q`őb 2M Dm2;Q- ?bi HQb i`xQbeN KBbKQb /2 Hb MQi+BQM2bX G T`Q#H2K€iB+ /2 H mMB// v H KmHiBTHB+B// Up2` Mm2bi` LQi 98 ``B#- TX 9NV- 2H 2Mi`2HxKB2MiQ /2 mM i2K v bmb p`B+BQM2b- T`2+2 H }MH /2H T`BK2` T`€;`7Q /2 H AMi`Q/m++BƦM- +mM/Q :`Qi?2M/B2+F Q#b2`p 2H BMi2`ûb /2 2tT`2b` mM dz7Q`K +QM+Bb v bm;2biBp [m2 T2`KBi2 +Tim``- /2 mM bQHQ ;QHT2- Hb `2H+BQM2b 2Mi`2 Hb Kmv MmK2`Qbb p`BMi2b /2H i2Q`2K 7mM/K2MiHǴ UH /2bB;mH// /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+FV (RN8j+- k)X 1H `2biQ /2 H AMi`Q/m++BƦM (RN8j+- j@e) `2+m2`/ i2`KBMQHQ;őb v MQi+BQM2b ;2M2`H2b-  H 2bi2H /2 "Qm`#FB v /2 H h2bBb (RN9N@8j)X

ȜR dzGb ⊗@MQ`KbǴX

S` E v F 2bT+BQb /2 "M+? v mM MQ`K α 2M E ⊗ F - :`Qi?2M/B2+F /2}M2 [m2 α 2b dz`xQM#H2Ǵ bB H THB++BƦM #BHBM2H E × F → E ⊗ F : (x, y) %→ x ⊗ y 2b /2 MQ`K ≤ 1 v bB

bm+2/2 HQ KBbKQ T` H THB++BƦM #BHBM2H E ′ × F ′ → (E ⊗ F )′ : (x′ , y ′ ) %→ x′ ⊗ y ′ UT` H

MQ`K /mH α′ V (RN8j+- 3)X 1biQ 2[mBpH2  /2+B` [m2 iMiQ α +QKQ α′ T`2b2`pM T`Q/m+iQbX α

E ⊗ F /2MQi 2H +QKTH2i/Q /2 E ⊗ F +QM `2bT2+iQ  αX 1H h2Q`2K R bBiȹ Hb MQ`Kb e3

eN

G T`B+BƦM /2 HQb i`xQb /B;QMH2b 2M 2H Ȝk b2`€ mM KQK2MiQ 2t+2T+BQMH /2 +QM2tBƦM 2Mi`2 H `2T`2b2Mi+BƦM- 2H b2MiB/Q v 2H mbQ /2 mM bB;MQX Gb i`2b /BK2MbBQM2b 2b2M+BH2b /2 H b2KBƦiB+ b2;ȹM S2B`+2 UbBMitBb- b2K€MiB+- T`;K€iB+V b2 +QMDm;`€M T`Q7mM/K2Mi2 2M Hb MQi+BQM2b T` Hb ⊗@ MQ`Kb BMi2`K2/BbX LQb 2ti2M/2`2KQb KTHBK2Mi2 bQ#`2 2biQ K€b #DQX 1biQ b2 +QM2+i +QM Hb i`xb- Q HQb `2bB/mQb- 2bim/B/Qb TQ` qHi2` "2MDKBM 2M HQb SbD2b /2 S`őb URNkd@9yVX oûb2 qX "2MDKBMX P#` /2 HQb TbD2b Uk pQHbXV J/`B/, #/ 1/BiQ`2b- kyRj@kyR8X G TQbB#BHB// /2 `2~2D` 2H iQ/Q 2M 2H 7`;K2MiQ b2`€ mM T`Q#H2K€iB+ 2b2M+BH T` :`Qi?2M/B2+F- bő +QKQ HQ 7m2 T` "2MDKBMX

e9

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

2ti`2Kb bQ#`2 Hb [m2 pM  2H2p`b2 Hb K2/B+BQM2b /2H i`#DQdy - v b2;m` [m2 2tBbi2M bQ#`2 E ⊗ F mM K€b T2[m2Ƣ MQ`K `xQM#H2 ∨ U4 BMv2+iBpV v mM K€b ;`M/2 MQ`K `xQM#H2 ∧ U4 T`Qv2+iBpVdR - [m2 Tm2/2M b2` /2b+`Bib /2 H bB;mB2Mi2 KM2` (RN8j+- 3), |u|∨ = Sup|< u, x′ ⊗ y ′ >| (/QM/2 x′ ∈ E ′ , y ′ ∈ F ′ , ∥x′ ∥ ≤ 1, ∥y ′ ∥ ≤ 1) |u|∧ = Inf

# i

∥xi ∥∥yi ∥ (/QM/2 u =

n # i

xi ⊗ yi ∈ E ⊗ F ).

G MQ`K BMv2+iBp 2b H MQ`K BM/m+B/ 2M E ⊗ F TQ` B(E ′ , F ′ ) U2bT+BQ /2 #BHBM2H2b

2Mi`2 HQb /mH2bV- KB2Mi`b [m2 H MQ`K T`Qv2+iBp 2b H MQ`K TQH` /2 H #QH mMB// 2M B(E, F )X .2 2bi 7Q`K- b2 iB2M2M /Bp2`bb MQ`Kb TQbB#H2b 2M mM 2bT+BQX 1H bB;mB2Mi2 TbQ 2M HQb /2b``QHHQb /2H i`#DQ +QMbBbi2 2M BMp2`iB` H i2M/2M+B M@ i2`BQ`, T` mM iBTQ /2 MQ`K- ?+2` p`B` iQ/Qb HQb 2bT+BQb  HQb +mH2b b2 H2b Tm2/2 THB+` H MQ`KX :`Qi?2M/B2+F /2}M2 2MiQM+2bdk mM ⊗@MQ`K +QKQ mM 7mM+BƦM α [m2 +/ T` /2 2bT+BQb MQ`K/Qb E- F - bQ+B mM MQ`K `xQM#H2 bQ#`2 bm T`Q/m+iQ α

i2MbQ`BH U/M/Q Hm;`  mM 2bT+BQ MQ`K/Q E ⊗ F V- /2 iH KM2` [m2 T` THB++BQM2b α

HBM2H2b ui : Eiα → Fi Ui = 1, 2V b2 i2M; ∥u1 ⊗ u2 ∥ ≤ ∥u1 ∥∥u2 ∥dj X 1D2KTHQb /2 ⊗@MQ`Kb ∨

bQM H ⊗@MQ`K BMv2+iBp U/2MQi/ iK#BûM ∨- [m2  +/ T` E- F bQ+B E ⊗ F V v H ∧

⊗@MQ`K T`Qv2+iBp U/2MQi/ ∧- [m2  +/ T` E- F bQ+B E ⊗ F V (RN8j+- 3@N)X dy

dR

.B+?Q /2 Qi` KM2`- 2Mi`2 HQb `[m2iBTQb 2ti`2KQb UT`Qv2+iBpQ 2 BMv2+iBpQV T`2+2`€M iQ/Qb HQb Qi`Qb iBTQb /2 MQ`Kb `xQM#H2bX 1M 2H K2/BQ K#B2Mi2 /2H _ûbmKû- 2b /2+B`- 2M H +i2;Q`ő /2 HQb 2bT+BQb /2 "M+?- Hb K2/B+BQM2b UĬbQHQ +iQ`+25V 2bi`€M T2`72+iK2Mi2 +QMi`QH/b v +`+i2`Bx/bX 1H Q`/2M /2 Hb MQ`Kb 2b 2H mbmH, α 2b K2MQ` [m2 β bB α(u) ≤ β(u) T` iQ/Q u 2M 2H T`Q/m+iQ i2MbQ`BHX .2b/2 2H TmMiQ /2 pBbi /2 Hb BMv2++BQM2b +QMiBMmb 2Mi`2 HQb 2bT+BQb- b2 iB2M2 2MiQM+2b mM β

dk

dj

α

∧

∨

BMp2`bBƦM, E ⊗ F ! E ⊗ F X 1M T`iB+mH`- E ⊗ F ! E ⊗ F , 2H 2bT+BQ T`Qv2+iBpQ b2 BMv2+i 2M 2H 2bT+BQ BMv2+iBpQX GQ ?+2 T`BK2`Q T` 2bT+BQb /2 /BK2MbBƦM }MBi (RN8j+- 3@N) v Hm2;Q T` 2bT+BQb /2 /BK2MbBƦM BM}MBi- pő 7KBHBb }Hi`Mi2b (RN8j+- Ry@RR)X 1H mbQ /2 HőKBi2b b2 +QMp2`iB`€ Kmv T`QMiQ- 2M 2H hƬ?QFm (RN88@8e)- 2M ?2``KB2Mi T`BKQ`/BH /2 bm `b2MH Ki2K€iB+QX 1M +B2`iQ b2MiB/Q- H 7mM+BƦM α b2`ő 2MiQM+2b /2 MQ`K ≤ 1 2M mM MBp2H bmT2`BQ`X G D2``[mBx+BƦM /2 HQb +QMbi`m+iQb Ki2K€iB+Qb b2`€ mM /2 Hb +Hp2b /2H 2Mi2M/BKB2MiQ +QM+2TimH /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+FX

kX _úalJú .1 G h>úP_A1 Júh_AZl1 .1a S_P.lAha h1LaP_A1Ga hPSPGP:AZl1a URN8jV

e8

lM Mm2pQ MBp2H /2 #bi`++BƦM- /QM/2 b2 2MHxM bmp2K2Mi2 HQb +QM+2TiQb- +QMbBbi2 2M +QMbB/2`` iQ/b Hb ⊗@MQ`Kb 2M bm +QMDmMiQX :`Qi?2M/B2+F BMi`Q/m+2 mMb dzQT2`+BQM2b

7mM/K2MiH2bǴ bQ#`2 Hb ⊗@MQ`Kb (RN8j+- N@Ry), UBV // α ⊗@MQ`K- bm i`MbTm2bi t

α- /2}MB/ TQ` |u|t α = |t u|α - 2b mM ⊗@MQ`Kc UBBV // α ⊗@MQ`K- bm /mH α′ - /2}MB/

TQ` |u|α′ 4 /mH /2 |u′ |α - 2b iK#BûM mM ⊗@MQ`KX a2 iB2M2M 2MiQM+2bd9 Hb 7Ʀ`KmHb bBKûi`B+b t (t α) = α- (α′ )′ = α v t (α′ ) = (t α)′ U2bi2 ȹHiBKQ pHQ` +QKȹM 2b /2MQi/Q TQ` ∨

αVX ./b /Qb ⊗@MQ`Kb α v β- b2 /2}M2 α ≤ β /2 KM2` Mim`H U|u|α ≤ |u|β T` iQ/Q

u ∈ E ⊗ F V- v b2 +QMbii [m2 2H +QMDmMiQ /2 Hb ⊗@MQ`Kb 7Q`K mM `2iő+mHQ +QKTH2iQ+QM KőMBKQ U∨V v +QM K€tBKQ U∧VX J€b ȹM- Hb ⊗@MQ`Kb T`Qv2+iBp 2 BMv2+iBp `2bmHiM /mH2b 2Mi`2 bő, (∨)′ = ∧- (∧)′ = ∨X

1H ȜR +QMiBMȹ +QM /Qb b2++BQM2b bQ#`2 7Q`Kb v THB++BQM2b /2 iBTQ α- /QM/2 b2

2tiB2M/2M Hb MQ+BQM2b /2 MQ`Kb H +bQ /2 7Q`Kb #BHBM2H2b (RN8j+- Rk) v /2 THB++BQM2b HBM2H2b (RN8j+- R9)- v 2H T`€;`7Q ȜR }MHBx +QM mMb `2~2tBQM2b #`2p2b bQ#`2 dz`2H+BQM2b 2Mi`2 ⊗@MQ`Kb `2H2b v +QKTH2DbǴ (RN8j+- R3@RN)X :`Qi?2M/B2+F b2ƢH [m2 Hb `2H+BQM2b

dzMQ T`2+2M iM bBKTH2b +QKQ TQ/`ő 2bT2``b2Ǵ (RN8j+- R3)- +Qb [m2 2M 272+iQ /2KQbi``€ 2M 2H dzi2Q`2K 7mM/K2MiHǴ (RN8j+- 8N)- H`2/2/Q` /2 Hb /BbiBM+BQM2b /2HB+/b [m2 /2#2M ?+2`b2 T` H i2Q`ő `2H v T` H i2Q`ő +QKTH2DX

Ȝk dzGb ⊗@MQ`Kb HB;/b  HQb 2bT+BQb C v LǴX

1H b2;mM/Q T`€;`7Q 2KTB2x +`+i2`BxM/Q Hb 7Q`Kb #BHBM2H2b u /2 MQ`K ∥u∥ ≤ 1 +QKQ [m2HHb `2T`2b2Mi#H2b bQ#`2 +QKT+iQb 2M L∞ (µ)- v- +QKQ +Q`QH`BQ- +`+i2`Bx Hb

THB++BQM2b HBM2H2b u : E → F /2 MQ`K ∥u∥ ≤ 1 +QKQ [m2HHb [m2 Tm2/2M 7+iQ`Bx`b2 d9

:`Qi?2M/B2+F HQ BM/B+ T` 2H +bQ /2 HQb 2bT+BQb /2 /BK2MbBƦM }MBi v HQ 2tiB2M/2- 2M 2H +bQ /2 H i`MbTm2bi-  /BK2MbBƦM BM}MBiX S` 2ti2M/2`HQ  /BK2MbBƦM BM}MBi 2M 2H +bQ /2 H MQ`K /mHbmK2 [m2 H;mMQ /2 HQb /Qb 2bT+BQb b2 Kûi`B+K2Mi2 dz++2bB#H2Ǵ UBX2X T`QtBK#H2V (RN8j+- RR)X *QKQ p2`2KQb K€b /2HMi2- 2biQ MQ iB2M2 TQ` [mû /`b2 2M ;2M2`HX

ee

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

2M H 7Q`K E → L∞ → L1 → F ′′ - /QM/2 HQb 2bT+BQb L bQM 2bT+BQb /2 K2/B/ bQ#`2 mM +QKT+iQ- v /QM/2 H T`BK2` v H i2`+2` ~2+?b bQM /2 MQ`K ≤ 1 UH b2;mM/ ~2+? 2b H

7mM+BƦM B/2MiB//- H 7+iQ`Bx+BƦM i2`KBM 2M 2H /Q#H2 /mHV (RN8j+- ky)X 1K2`;2 2MiQM+2b [mő mM T`BK2` 2MH+2 T`Q7mM/Q 2Mi`2 T`QTB2//2b Kûi`B+b- T`QTB2//2b /2 `2T`2b2Mi+BƦM v T`QTB2//2b /2 7+iQ`Bx+BƦMX 1H M€HBbBb 7mM+BQMH- H K2/B/ v 2H €H;2#` b2 +QMpQ+M 2Mi`2 bőX J€b /2HMi2- b2 BMi`Q/m+2M HQb 2bT+BQb /2 iBTQ C +QKQ 2bT+BQb /2 "M+? Kûi`B@ +K2Mi2 BbQKQ`7Qb  2bT+BQb C0 (M )sA v HQb 2bT+BQb /2 iBTQ L +QKQ 2bT+BQb /2 "M+? Kûi`B+K2Mi2 BbQKQ`7Qb  2bT+BQb L1 (µ)d8 (RN8j+- kk)X :`Qi?2M/B2+F `2+m2`/ mM `2bmH@ i/Q /2 EFmiMB- b2;ȹM 2H +mH 2H /mH /2 mM 2bT+BQ /2 iBTQ L 2b /2 iBTQ C- v pB+2@ p2`bX /2K€b- b2ƢH [m2 dzH BKTQ`iM+B /2 2bQb 2bT+BQb UXXXV `/B+ 2M bmb T`QTB2//2b p2+iQ`BH2b@iQTQHƦ;B+b Kmv 2bT2+BH2b UXXXV [m2 b2 /2/m+2M /2 KM2` Mim`H /2 H i2Q`ő /2 HQb T`Q/m+iQb i2MbQ`BH2b ∨ v ∧Ǵde (RN8j+- kk)X 1H i2Q`2K 2b2M+BH /2 2bi`m+im` }`K

[m2- //Qb E 2bT+BQ /2 "M+? v F bm#2bT+BQ +2``/Q /2 E- b2 iB2M2M +MƦMB+K2Mi2 ∧

∧

mM BbQKQ`}bKQ Kûi`B+Q UR@RV L ⊗ F ! L ⊗ E UT` mM 2bT+BQ /2 iBTQ LV v Qi`Q ?QKQ@ ∨

∨

KQ`}bKQ Kûi`B+Q UbQ#`2V C ⊗ E " C ⊗ E/F UT` mM 2bT+BQ /2 iBTQ CVsAA X  T`iB` d8

de

sA

GQb `[m2iBTQb /2 +QMiBMmB// v /2 K2/B#BHB// 2M+`MM bő 2M mM KmHiBim/ /2 iBTQb T`iB+mH`2bX hQ/Q 2H _ûbmKû /2T2M/2 /2 Hb 2M+`M+BQM2b v Hb i`Mb72`2M+Bb UT`Qv2++BQM2b 2 BMK2`bBQM2bV /2 2bQb iBTQbX :`Qi?2M/B2+F `2KBi2  mM `2bmHi/Q /2 L+?#BM U+QM2tBƦM +QM H 2K2`;2Mi2 2b+m2H #`bBH2ƢV +QKQ +bQ T`iB+mH` /2 2b 2bi`m+im` p2+iQ`BH@iQTQHƦ;B+X 1H ûM7bBb bQ#`2 H Mim`HB// 2b Mm2bi`Q- +Q`/2 +QM iQ/b Hb 2bi`i2;Bb ;`Qi?2M/B2+FBMbX

GQb 2bT+BQb C0 (M ) bQM HQb 2bT+BQb /2 7mM+BQM2b +QMiBMmb bQ#`2 mM 2bT+BQ HQ+HK2Mi2 +QKT+iQ M [m2 b2 dzMmHM 2M 2H BM}MBiQǴ UBX2X iB2M/2M  +2`Q 2M 2H BM}MBiQVX

sAA

 HQ H`;Q /2 2bi KQMQ;`7ő- /QTiKQb Hb MQi+BQM2b ! v " T` 2pQ+` U`2bT2+iBpK2Mi2V 7Q`Kb /2 BMv2++BƦM v /2 T`Qv2++BƦM /2 Hb ~2+?bX 1biQ /[mB2`2 mM T`2+Bb /2}MB+BƦM iû+MB+ 2M +i2;Q`őb- pő Hb MQ+BQM2b /2 KQMQKQ`}bKQ v 2TBKQ`}bKQ U/2b/2 2H hƬ?QFm (RN88@8e)- p2` Mm2bi`Q *TőimHQ j #DQVX G /mHB// `[m2iőTB+ BMv2+iBpB// f T`Qv2+iBpB// pBpB`€ +QMbiMi2K2Mi2 2M H Q#` ;`Qi?2M/B2+FBM- v 2M+`M`€ 2M mM KmHiBim/ /2 iBTQb v +QM+2TiQb 2M p`BQb MBp2H2bX

kX _úalJú .1 G h>úP_A1 Júh_AZl1 .1a S_P.lAha h1LaP_A1Ga hPSPGP:AZl1a URN8jV

ed

/2 HHő- :`Qi?2M/B2+F /2/m+2 KȹHiBTH2b +Q`QH`BQb /2 2ti2MbBƦM Q `2H2pQdd /2 THB++BQM2b HBM2H2b U+QMiBMmb- +QKT+ib Q MmHb H BM}MBiQV 2Mi`2 HQb 2bT+BQb 2M +m2biBƦM (RN8j+kj@k8)X lMQ /2 HQb +QM+2TiQb 2b2M+BH2b /2H _ûbmKû T`2+2 2M H i2`+2` b2++BƦM /2H b2;mM/Q T`€;`7Q- dz⊗@MQ`Kb BMv2+iBpb- T`Qv2+iBpbǴd3 (RN8j+- k8@kd)X ./ mM ⊗@MQ`K α-

2bi b2 HHK BMv2+iBp  Bx[mB2`/ bB- T` iQ/Qb E- G 2bT+BQb /2 "M+?dN v F ⊆ E bm#@ α

α

2bT+BQ /2 E- b2 iB2M2 mM BMK2`bBƦM Kûi`B+ F ⊗ G ! E ⊗ G (RN8j+- k8)X :`Qi?2M/B2+F

T`QTQ`+BQM /Bp2`bQb 2MmM+B/Qb 2[mBpH2Mi2b  H BMv2+iBpB//  Bx[mB2`/- pő T`Qv2+@ +BQM2b- 7Q`Kb v `2H2pQb- v /2}M2 p`BQb +QM+2TiQb bQ+B/Qb, UBV α 2b BMv2+iBp  /2`2+? bB bm i`MbTm2bi t α 2b BMv2+iBp  Bx[mB2`/- UBBV α 2b BMv2+iBp bB HQ 2b  Bx[mB2`/ v /2`2+?- UBBBV α 2b T`Qv2+iBp  Bx[mB2`/ bB bm /mH α′ 2b BMv2+iBp  Bx[mB2`/- UBpV α 2b T`Qv2+iBp  /2`2+? bB α′ 2b BMv2+iBp  /2`2+?- UpV α 2b T`Qv2+iBp bB HQ 2b  Bx[mB2`/ v /2`2+?3y (RN8j+- k8@ke)X 1H `2bmHi/Q +2Mi`H /2 H b2++BƦM BM/B+ [m2 ∨ 2b BMv2+iBp v [m2 ∧ 2b T`Qv2+iBp UHQ [m2 2tTHB+ HQb dz#mbQbǴ /2 i2`KBMQHQ;őV- v [m2 MBM;mM /2 dd

d3

dN

3y

G 2ti2MbBƦM /2 T`QTB2//2b 2b mM /2 Hb i`2b 2b2M+BH2b /2 H Ki2K€iB+X S` H BKTQ`iM+B +`m+BH /2 HQb `2H2pQb ?+B 2H B/2H- pûb2 .X >BH#2`iX dzPM i?2 BM}MBi2 URNk8VǴX 1M, 6`QK 6`2;2 iQ :ƺ/2HX  aQm`+2 "QQF BM Ji?2KiB+H GQ;B+- R3dN@RNjRX 1/X TQ` CX pM >2BD2MQQ`iX >`p`/ lMBp2`bBiv S`2bb- RNed- T€;bX jed@jNkX Jm+?b /2 Hb T`Q#H2K€iB+b +2Mi`H2b 2M H i2Q`ő /2 ?+2b UvTQ` +QMbB;mB2Mi2- 2M H Q#` /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+FV iB2M2M [m2 p2` T`2+BbK2Mi2 +QM i`2b /2 2ti2MbBƦM+QMiBMm+BƦM Q `2H2pQ- /2 HQ HQ+H  HQ ;HQ#HX G +QMiBMm+BƦM MHőiB+ /2 _B2KMM b2 2M+m2Mi` bő 2M 2H +Q`xƦM ?QM/Q /2 H Ki2K€iB+ KQ/2`M v +QMi2KTQ`€M2X G 2ti2MbBƦM /2 H MQ`K BMv2+iBp U∨V  Hb MQ`Kb BMv2+iBpb 2b mM 7Q`K /2 TbQ /2H bBM;mH` H THm`H- T2`KM2Mi2 2M :`Qi?2M/B2+FX 1M H THm`HB//- 2M H KmHiBTHB+B//- 2M mM +i2;Q`ő /2 2Mi2b bBKBH`2b b2 HB#2`M Hb `2bi`B++BQM2b /2 H T`iB+mH`B// v b2 bmpBx 2H K#B2Mi2X Gm2;Q- K2/BMi2 mM }MQ M€HBbBb /2 H 2bi`m+im` /2 H +i2;Q`ő b2 `2iQ`M  mM mMB// bBMiûiB+X 1H TûM/mHQ 2Mi`2 HQ KȹHiBTH2 v HQ mMQ- 2Mi`2 2H M€HBbBb v H bőMi2bBb- b2 2M+m2Mi` bB2KT`2 2M ++BƦM- v `2[mB2`2 mM #HM+2Q BM+2bMi2 2Mi`2 HQb QTm2biQbX G /2}MB+BƦM Tm2/2 `2bi`BM;B`b2  2bT+BQb /2 /BK2MbBƦM }MBi- v pH2 2MiQM+2b iK#BûM T` /BK2M@ bBƦM BM}MBiX 1bi2 2b mMQ /2 HQb Km+?Qb +bQb 2M H Q#` /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F /QM/2 b2 2tTHB+BiM Hb T`2Q+mT+BQM2b /2H i`€MbBiQ 2Mi`2 HQ }MBiQ v HQ BM}MBiQX GQb 2D2`+B+BQb /2}MBiQ`BQb `KƦMB+Qb pő i`MbTm2bib v /mH2b b2 +QMp2`iB`€M K€b /2HMi2 2M p2`@ //2`Qb i2Q`2Kb `KƦMB+Qb- /QM/2 HQb +QM+2TiQb- bmb bB;MQb v bmb mbQb +QM7Q`KM mM m`/BK#`2 KmbB+H BM2bT2`/X

e3

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

Hb /Qb MQ`Kb iB2M2 Hb T`QTB2//2b /2 H Qi` UMB  Bx[mB2`/- MB  /2`2+?V3R (RN8j+kd)X 6BMHK2Mi2- mM BMi2`2bMi2 dzQ#b2`p+BƦMǴ (RN8j+- kd) 2bim/B H `2/ /2 BKTHB++BQM2b TQbBiBpb UQ M2;iBpbV 2Mi`2 HQb +QM+2TiQb `2+BûM /2}MB/Qb- H p`B` +B2`ib T`QTB2//2b /B+BQMH2b- Hi2`MiBpK2Mi2 bQ#`2 α Q bQ#`2 HQb 2bT+BQb 2M Dm2;QX G +m`i b2++BƦM /2H b2;mM/Q T`€;`7Q- dz6Q`K+BƦM /2 Mm2pb ⊗@MQ`KbǴ (RN8j+-

k3@jk)- 2t?B#2 Hb K2DQ`2b +`+i2`őbiB+b `KƦMB+b- +QK#BMiQ`Bb v bBK#ƦHB+b /2 H BM@

p2MiBpB// ;`Qi?2M/B2+FBMX ./ α ⊗@MQ`K- UBV /α /2MQi H KvQ` ⊗@MQ`K BMv2+iBp

 Bx[mB2`/ KvQ`/ TQ` α- UBBV α\ /2MQi H KvQ` ⊗@MQ`K BMv2+iBp  /2`2+? KvQ@ `/ TQ` α- UBBBV \α /2MQi H K2MQ` ⊗@MQ`K T`Qv2+iBp  Bx[mB2`/ KBMQ`/ TQ` αv UBpV α/ /2MQi H K2MQ` ⊗@MQ`K T`Qv2+iBp  /2`2+? KBMQ`/ TQ` α3k (RN8j+- k3)X

S` :`Qi?2M/B2+F- dz2H i`xQ Hi2`/Q` /2 α 2bi€ BM+HBM/Q ?+B #DQ UT`iB2M/Q /2 αV bB BM/B+ mM ⊗@MQ`K K€b T2[m2Ƣ [m2 α UBMv2+iBp  Bx[mB2`/ Q  /2`2+? b2;ȹM 2H

i`xQ 2bi€ bBim/Q  Bx[mB2`/ Q  /2`2+?V- v- TQ` 2H +QMi``BQ- 2bi€ BM+HBM/Q ?+B `@ `B# bB BM/B+ mM ⊗@MQ`K K€b ;`M/2 [m2 αǴ (RN8j+- k3)X ő- H +Q?2`2M+B 2Mi`2 2H

bB;MQ v bm bB;MB}+/Q /[mB2`2 mM HmKBMQbB// 2bT2+BH3j X J€b ȹM- +mH[mB2` /2 HQb +mi`Q i`xQb Hi2`/Q`2b U/- \- \- /V Tm2/2 iQK`b2 +QKQ T`BKBiBpQ v `2+QMbi`mB` +QM ûH HQb /2K€b- K2/BMi2 Hb QT2`+BQM2b /2 i`MbTQbB+BƦM Uα → 3R

3k

3j

39

t

αV v /mHB// Uα → α′ V39

J€b ȹM- :`Qi?2M/B2+F b2ƢH [m2 dzBM7Q`imM/K2Mi2 MQ 2tBbi2 MBM;mM ⊗@MQ`K  H p2x BMv2+iBp v T`Qv2+iBpǴ (RN8j+- kd)X 1H iû`KBMQ dzBM7Q`imM/K2Mi2Ǵ `2p2H mM bm2`i2 /2 /2+2T+BƦM KmbB+H- 2M H +mH MQ b2 +QMbB;m2 mM +Q`/2 }MH 2Mi`2 bQMQ`B//2b +QMi`Tm2bibX :`Qi?2M/B2+F HHK dzT`2Ǵ  Hb MQ`Kb BMv2+iBpb- dzT`QǴ  Hb T`Qv2+iBpb- +2MimM/Q- TQ` mM H/QmM b2MiB/Q /2 /B`2++BƦM UBx[mB2`/Q v /2`2+?QV T` Hb KBMQ`+BQM2b v KvQ`+BQM2b- T2`Q iK#BûMTQ` Qi`Q H/Q- mM b2MiB/Q /2 Him` U#DQ v HiQV T` Hb T`2@UBMV+HmbBQM2b v T`Q@HQM;+BQM2b /2 HQb KQ`}bKQb [m2 T`2+2`€M HB;/Qb  Hb MQ`KbX Gb MQ`Kb 2M +m2biBƦM 2tBbi2M ;`+Bb  +Qi+BQM2b 2M 2H `2iő+mHQ +QKTH2iQ /2 MQ`KbX 1M iû`KBMQb /2 H b2KBƦiB+ /2 S2B`+2- HQb bB;MQb BMi`Q/m+B/Qb TQ` :`Qi?2M/B2+F bQM TH2MK2Mi2 B+ƦMB@ +Qb- 2b /2+B`- `2~2DM- 2M bm KBbK 2tT`2bBƦM pBbmH- HQb bB;MB}+/Qb bm#v+2Mi2b `2T`2b2Mi/Qb TQ` HQb bB;MQbX S` mM /2b``QHHQ /2 2bib B/2b- pûb2 Mm2bi` a2++BƦM kXk #DQX Gb Q+?Q 2+m+BQM2b `272`2Mi2b  Hb +QK#BM+BQM2b /2 U/- \- \- /V +QM Ut - ′ V- /2bTH2;/b 2M H T€;BM (RN8j+- k3)- bQM mM 2D2KTHQ 7b+BMMi2 /2 `KQMő v bBK2i`őX Sm2/2 b2MiB`b2 +bB mM p2`//2`Q #BH2 ;2QKûi`B+Q /2 HQb bB;MQbX

kX _úalJú .1 G h>úP_A1 Júh_AZl1 .1a S_P.lAha h1LaP_A1Ga hPSPGP:AZl1a URN8jV

eN

(RN8j+- k3)X S` 2H +bQ /2 T`Q/m+iQb i2MbQ`BH2b +QM 2bT+BQb /2 iBTQ C Q /2 iBTQ LH;mMQb i`xQb Hi2`/Q`2b Tm2/2M ?+2`b2 /2bT`2+2`- v b2 iB2M2 mM +QMi`QH BKTQ`iMi2 /2 Hb /BbiBMib MQ`Kb 2M 2bQb +bQb 2bT2+BH2b (RN8j+- kN@jR)X  T`iB` /2 HHő- :`Qi?2M/B2+F Q#iB2M2 mMb +`+i2`Bx+BQM2b T`Q7mM/b /2H +QKTQ`iKB2MiQ iQTQHƦ;B+Q@MQ`KiBpQ /2 Hb THB++BQM2b HBM2H2b +QM `2bT2+iQ  bm 7+iQ`Bx+BƦM H;2#`B+ pő 2bT+BQb C Q L, TQ` 2D2KTHQ- bB u : E → F 2b mM THB++BƦM HBM2H +QMiBMm- b2 iB2M2 ∥u∥\α ≤ 1 U`2bT2+iBp@ K2Mi2 ∥u∥α/ ≤ 1V bB v bQHQ bB u b2 7+iQ`Bx u = E → C → F ′′ +QM ∥ϕ∥ ≤ 1 v ∥v∥α ≤ 1 ϕ

v

U`2bT2+iBpK2Mi2 u = E → L → F ′′ V (RN8j+- jk)X v

ϕ

G [mBMi b2++BƦM- dz*QKTH2K2MiQb bQ#`2 /∧ - ∧\ - / ∧ \ - \∨ - ∨/ - \ ∨ /Ǵ (RN8j+-

jk@j9)- THB+ HQb `2bmHi/Qb Mi2`BQ`2b  HQb +bQb /2 Hb MQ`Kb ∧ v ∨X Gb +Qi+BQM2b /2

HQb i`xQb Hi2`/Q`2b /2 2bb MQ`Kb +Q/B}+M 2MiQM+2b Hb T`QTB2//2b /2 7+iQ`Bx+BƦM /2 THB++BQM2b HBM2H2b pő 2bT+BQb /2 iBTQ C Q LX 1M T`iB+mH`- Hb +QM/B+BQM2b /2 +Qi+BƦM UMQ`K K2MQ` [m2 RV T` 2H i`xQ Hi2`/Q` Bx[mB2`/Q /2 H MQ`K BMv2+iBp U\∨ V T`Q/m+2M 7+iQ`Bx+BQM2b Uv T`QHQM;+BQM2bV pő 2bT+BQb C- KB2Mi`b [m2 Hb +QM/B@ +BQM2b /2 +Qi+BƦM T` 2H i`xQ Hi2`/Q` /2`2+?Q /2 H MQ`K BMv2+iBp U∨/ V T`Q/m+2M 7+iQ`Bx+BQM2b Uv `2H2pQbV pő 2bT+BQb L (RN8j+- jj)X 1M 2H +bQ /2 Hb MQ`Kb T`Qv2+iBpb /mH2b U/∧ - ∧\V- Hb +QM/B+BQM2b /2 +Qi+BƦM +Q``2bTQM/2M  7+iQ`Bx+BQM2b pő 2bT+BQb

L2 (µ) v L1 (µ) U2M 2H +bQ /2 Hi2`+BƦM Bx[mB2`/V Q pő 2bT+BQb L∞ (µ) v L2 (µ) UHi2`+BƦM /2`2+?V- /QM/2 µ 2b mM K2/B/ /2+m/ bQ#`2 mM 2bT+BQ +QKT+iQ38 (RN8j+- j9)X SQ` Qi`Q H/Q- Hb +Qi+BQM2b bQ#`2 +QK#BM+BQM2b /2 Hb Hi2`+BQM2b U/ ∧ \ - \ ∨ /V T`Q/m+2M

7+iQ`Bx+BQM2b bBKûi`B+b pő mM +QMDm;+BƦM /2 2bT+BQb C v L U2M 2H +bQ /2 Hb H@ i2`+BQM2b BMv2+iBpb (RN8j+- jk)V- Q /2 2bT+BQb /2 7mM+BQM2b BMi2;`#H2b U2M 2H +bQ /2 Hb Hi2`+BQM2b T`Qv2+iBpb (RN8j+- j9)VX 38

+€ mb :`Qi?2M/B2+F- TQ` p2x T`BK2` 2M 2H _ûbmKû- +B2`ib T`QTB2//2b 2bi`m+im`H2b UT`Qv2+iBpB//`2~2tBpB//V /2 HQb 2bT+BQb /2 >BH#2`i- 2M T`iB+mH` /2 L2 X 1M 2H /2b``QHHQ TQbi2`BQ` /2H i`#DQ- HQb 2bT+BQb /2 >BH#2`i /[mB2`2M mM TT2H T`2TQM/2`Mi2X

dy

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

1H Ȝk i2`KBM +QM mM 2ti`Q`/BM`B b2ti b2++BƦM- dzh#H2`Q /2 Hb ⊗ MQ`Kb Mim`H2bǴ

(RN8j+- j8@9y)- /QM/2 b2 `2+QTBHM- 2tiB2M/2M v Q`;MBxM HQb `2bmHi/Qb iQTQHƦ;B+QbH;2#`B+Qb v `2iB+mH`2b /2HMi/Qb 2M Hb b2++BQM2b T`2pBbX J2/BMi2 Hi2`+BQM2b:`Qi?2M/B2+F BMi`Q/m+2 /Qb Mm2pb MQ`Kb U/\∨- ∨/\V3e - v bmb /mH2b (RN8j+- j8)X 1M

2b2 KQK2MiQ- ? T`2b2Mi/Q Rk 2D2KTHQb /2 ⊗@MQ`Kb U∨- ∧- bmb e Hi2`+BQM2b /2 H

[mBMi b2++BƦM v Hb 9 Hi2`+BQM2b `2+BûM BMi`Q/m+B/bV- v T`Q+2/2  /2}MB` HQ [m2 2b mM ⊗@MQ`K Mim`H, mM MQ`K 2[mBpH2Mi2  H;mM 2M;2M/`/  T`iB` /2 ∨ TQ` Hb QT2@ `+BQM2b α → α′ U/mHBx+BƦMV- α →

t

α Ui`MbTQbB+BƦMV- α → /α UHi2`+BƦMV3d (RN8j+-

j8)X :`Qi?2M/B2+F MmM+B H 2tBbi2M+B /2 mM ⊗@MQ`K ?BH#2`iBM H U[m2 `2bmHi`€

2[mBpH2Mi2  / ∧ \V (RN8j+- je)- +mvb Hi2`+BQM2b \H v H/ T`Q/m+B`€M Qi`b k Mm2pb MQ`Kb- +QM 7+iQ`Bx+BQM2b bQ+B/b  i`pûb /2 2bT+BQb /2 >BH#2`i HX a2 +QMi`€M bő R9 ⊗@MQ`Kb Mim`H2b- v :`Qi?2M/B2+F MmM+B [m2 2b HBbi +m#`B`€ /2 KM2` +QKTH2i iQ/b Hb U+Hb2b /2 2[mBpH2M+B /2V ⊗@MQ`Kb Mim`H2b (RN8j+- je)X

T`2+2 2MiQM+2b mM dzh#H2`Q /2 Hb ⊗@MQ`Kb Mim`H2bǴ Up2` 6B;m` kXR #DQV-

/QM/2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F bBMi2iBx /KB`#H2K2Mi2 Hb /Bp2`bb BM7Q`K+BQM2b `2+QTBH/b ?bi 2H KQK2MiQ UQ T`2pBbib- H`2/2/Q` /2 Hb MQ`Kb HB;/b  HVX Gb dz1tTHB++BQM2bǴ H h#H2`Q (RN8j+- jd@9y) BM+Q`TQ`M i`2b MBp2H2b /2 +QKTH2DB//X S`BK2`Q- Hb dz/2bB;M+BQM2b v 7+iQ`Bx+BQM2b iőTB+bǴ (RN8j+- jd@j3) `2iQKM- 2M +/ `2+i€M;mHQ- UBV Hb MQi+BQM2b v HQb MQK#`2b /2 Hb /Bp2`bb MQ`Kb- UBBV /2#DQ /2 2HHb Hb 7+iQ`Bx+BQM2b iőTB+b- UBBBV 3e

3d

:`Qi?2M/B2+F mb MQi+BQM2b BMi2`K2/Bb T` HB;2`` H 2b+`Bim`, \∨ = C- ∨/ 4 L UH T`BK2` HB;/  7+iQ`Bx+BQM2b pő 2bT+BQb C- H b2;mM/  7+iQ`Bx+BQM2b pő 2bT+BQb L- +QKQ ?2KQb BM/B+/QV (RN8j+- jj)- γ 4 /C U4 /\∨V- λ = L\ U4 ∨/\) (RN8j+- j8)X 1b BMi2`2bMi2 Q#b2`p` [mő /Qb KőMBKb 2``ib U2M iBH/2b v /mH2bV- [m2 Tm2/2M `2p2H` mM +MbM+BQ UbB iH bBim+BƦM 2tBbiB2b2V- M2H K2xxQ /2H +KBM-  BMB+BQb /2 H T€;BM j8, dzMQ`KûbǴ 2M p2x /2 dzMQ`K2bǴ UHőM2 RV- γ ′ 2M p2x /2 γ UHőM2 NVX H }MH /2 H T€;BM j8- 2M H T2MȹHiBK HőM2- v  +QKB2MxQb /2 H T€;BM je- 2M H b2;mM/ HőM2- T`2+2 Qi` 2``i `2T2iB/, dzb#QB`Ǵ 2M p2x /2 dzbpQB`ǴX LQ 2b +H`Q bB HHő Q+m``2 2H +MbM+BQ- Q bBKTH2K2Mi2 mM KH Q`iQ;`7ő U2b b#B/ H `2HiBp mb2M+B /2 H2+im`b /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+FVX :`Qi?2M/B2+F 2b +QMb+B2Mi2 /2 H MQ Mim`HB// /2 mM KmHiBim/ /2 MQ`Kb- 2 BM/B+ [m2 2tBbi2 mM BM}MB// +QMiBMm /2 MQ`Kb MQ Mim`H2b- MQ 2[mBpH2Mi2b 2Mi`2 2HHb (RN8j+- j8)X

dR

kX _úalJú .1 G h>úP_A1 Júh_AZl1 .1a S_P.lAha h1LaP_A1Ga hPSPGP:AZl1a URN8jV

HQb iBTQb /2 2bT+BQb 2M Dm2;Q UL- C- H- bm#2bT+BQb λ /2 2bT+BQb L- Q +Q+B2Mi2b γ /2 2bT+BQb CV33 X a2;mM/Q- Hb dzaBK2i`őbǴ (RN8j+- j3) `2p2HM +ƦKQ Hb MQ`Kb i`MbTm2bib b2 Q#iB2M2M TQ` bBK2i`ő +QM `2bT2+iQ H 2D2 p2`iB+H /2H h#H2`Q v +ƦKQ Hb MQ`Kb /mH2b b2 Q#iB2M2M TQ` bBK2i`ő +QM `2bT2+iQ H +2Mi`QX lM bBK2i`ő +QM `2bT2+iQ H 2D2 ?Q`BxQMiH +Q``2bTQM/2 2MiQM+2b  mM +QMi`;`/B2M+B- /2}MB/ +QKQ H +QKTm2bi U+QMKmiiBpV /2 /mHBx+BƦM v i`MbTQbB+BƦMX h2`+2`Q- Hb dzAKTHB++BQM2bǴ (RN8j+- j3@9y) +Q``2bTQM/2M H Q`/2M `2iB+mH` BMp2`bQ /2 Hb MQ`Kb, α → β bB;MB}+ [m2 2tBbi2 k iH [m2 β ≤ kα- QHQ [m2 2b HQ KBbKQ- [m2 mM α@THB++BƦM b2 mM β@THB++BƦM3N X

6B;X kXR Ĝ h#H2`Q /2 Hb ⊗@MQ`Kb Mim`H2b Ĝ (RN8j+- jd)

33

am#`2TiB+BK2Mi2- 2bi€ +Q/B}+/ [mő- 2M HQb bőK#QHQb- H `2bQHm+BƦM /2H T`Q#H2K /2 "M+?@Jxm`X oûb2 Mm2bi` /2b+`BT+BƦM /2 HQb ȜȜj- 9 #DQ- bő +QKQ Mm2bi` a2++BƦM kXjX

3N

1M T`iB+mH`- b2 iB2M2 [m2 H MQ`K T`Qv2+iBp /QKBM H MQ`K BMv2+iBp U∧ → ∨- E ⊗ F ! E ⊗ F V Tm2b ∨ ≤ ∧X

∧

∨

dk

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

:`Qi?2M/B2+F }`K [m2 Hb R9 MQ`Kb /2H h#H2`Q +m#`2M iQ/b UHb +Hb2b /2 2[mBpH2M+B /2VNy Hb MQ`Kb Mim`H2b- HQ [m2 T`Qp2M/`€ /2 dzHQb `2bmHi/Qb 7mM/K2MiH2b /2H Ȝ9Ǵ (RN8j+- jN)- v [m2 MQ 2tBbi2M Qi`b +Q``2H+BQM2b /2 BKTHB++BƦM K€b HH€ /2 [m2HHb 2tTHB+Bi/b 2M 2H h#H2`QX

Ȝj dzGb ⊗@MQ`Kb HB;/b H 2bT+BQ /2 >BH#2`iǴX

G MQ`K H b2 BMi`Q/m+2 +QKQ [m2HH [m2 +`+i2`Bx Hb 7Q`Kb #BHBM2H2b bQ#`2 mM T`Q/m+iQ /2 2bT+BQb /2 "M+? K2/BMi2 bmb `2T`2b2Mi+BQM2b 2M 2bT+BQb /2 >BH#2`i, //Qb E- F 2bT+BQb /2 "M+? v // u #BHBM2H 2M E × F - ∥u∥H ≤ 1 bB v bQHQ bB 2tBbi2M H 2bT+BQ /2 >BH#2`i- ϕ : E → H- ψ : F → H ′ THB++BQM2b HBM2H2b- iH2b [m2 u(x, y) =

⟨ϕx, ψy⟩ (RN8j+- 9y)X G +`+i2`Bx+BƦM H;2#`B+ /2 H b2 Q#iB2M2 2MiQM+2b K2/BMi2

7+iQ`Bx+BQM2b E → H → F  i`pûb /2 2bT+BQb /2 >BH#2`i (RN8j+- 9y)X :`Qi?2M/B2+F Q#b2`p [m2 H 2b mM MQ`K bBKûi`B+ Ut H = HV 2 BMv2+iBp- v TQ` iMiQ H ≤ / ∧ \ U2bi ȹHiBK 2b H KvQ` MQ`K BMv2+iBpV (RN8j+- 9R)X /mHK2Mi2- H ′ 2b bBKûi`B+- T`Qv2+iBp v

H ′ ≥ \ ∨ / UK2MQ` MQ`K T`Qv2+iBpVX aB;m2M /Bp2`bQb `2bmHi/Qb iû+MB+Qb bQ#`2 i2Q`2Kb /2 `2T`2b2Mi+BƦM T` 7Q`Kb ?2`KBiBMbsAAA +QM `2bT2+iQ  H v H ′ (RN8j+- 9k@9d)- +QM HQb

+mH2b b2 Tm2/2 T`Q+2/2`  mM +QKT`+BƦM 2Mi`2 Hb MQ`Kb ?BH#2`iBMbX 1M T`iB+mH`b2 iB2M2 H ≤ ρH ′ Uρ +QMbiMi2- 1 ≤ ρ ≤ 2V- v HQ KBbKQ bm+2/2 T` Hb Hi2`+BQM2bNR \H

v H/ (RN8j+- 9d)- +QM HQ +mH b2 T`m2#M Hb BKTHB++BQM2b 2M 2H +2Mi`Q /2H h#H2`Q /2 Hb Ny NR

sAAA

1M +K#BQ- 2M +/ +Hb2- TQ/`őM 2tBbiB` BM}MBib MQ`Kb Mim`H2bX :`Qi?2M/B2+F HQ bm;B2`2 +QKQ dzKmv T`Q##H2Ǵ (RN8j+- jN)X 1``i, QHpB/Q /2H Hi2`/Q` 2M (RN8j+- 9d- HőM2 @e)X Pi` 2``i UbB;MQ /mH bQ#`Mi2V 2M (RN8j+8k- HőM2 R)X G `B[m2x bBK#ƦHB+ /2H _ûbmKû- /2K€b /2H ;Qi/Q` 2b7m2`xQ ;`Qi?2M/B2+FBMQ TQ` bBMi2iBx` HQ 2b2M+BH- bQM bBM /m/ Hb `xQM2b /2 mM BMmbmH MȹK2`Q /2 2``ib 2M 2H i2tiQX

./Q mM 2bT+BQ p2+iQ`BH P +QM mM BMpQHm+BƦM ∗ : P → P - u ∈ P 2b ?2`KBiBMQ bB u∗ = uX S` 2H +bQ /2 mM THB++BƦM #BHBM2H u bQ#`2 E × E- b2 Q#iB2M2 H /2}MB+BƦM mbmH /2 ?2`KBiBMB//, u(x, y) = u(y, x)X Gb 7Q`Kb ?2`KBiBMb bQM bmb+2TiB#H2b /2 #m2MQb i2Q`2Kb /2 `2T`2b2Mi+BƦM- pő 7Q`Kb TQbBiBpb U2M 2H +bQ /2 2bT+BQb /2 iBTQ HV Q 7Q`Kb BMi2;`H2b U2M 2H +bQ H ′ VX

kX _úalJú .1 G h>úP_A1 Júh_AZl1 .1a S_P.lAha h1LaP_A1Ga hPSPGP:AZl1a URN8jV

dj

⊗@MQ`Kb Mim`H2b Up2` ``B#- +m/`/Q /2MQi/Q ⋆- TX dRVX

G [mBMi b2++BƦM /2H Ȝj- dz_2H+BQM2b K€b T`Q7mM/b 2Mi`2 Hb ⊗@MQ`Kb HB;/b H

2bT+BQ /2 >BH#2`iǴ (RN8j+- 93@8k)- /2Km2bi` HQb `2bmHi/Qb bQ#`2 HQb [m2 b2 TQv`€ T`i2 /2 H `2bQHm+BƦM /2H T`Q#H2K /2 "M+?@Jxm`X J2/BMi2 }Mb T`QtBK+BQM2b /2 K2/B/- +Qi+BQM2b- +€H+mHQb /2 KőMBKQb- /2bB;mH//2b bQ#`2 H 7mM+BƦM Γ U2t?B#B+BƦM /2 mM ;`M MHBbiV- :`Qi?2M/B2+F +QMbB;m2 T`Q#` [m2 /H ′ \ ≤ σH Uσ = π2 - K2DQ` +QMbiMi2V (RN8j+- 8R)X Gb /Qb /2bB;mH//2b 2Mi`2 H v H ′ UHB;/b  ρ v σV b2;m`M 2MiQM+2b [m22M 2H +bQ /2 T`Q/m+iQb /2 iBTQ L Q C- Hb H@7Q`Kb v Hb H ′ @7Q`Kb +QBM+B/2M- v- 2M T`iB+mH`- [m2- 2M 2H +bQ /2 THB++BQM2b HBM2H2b /2 2bT+BQb /2 iBTQ C 2M 2bT+BQb /2 iBTQ L- v pB+2p2`b- `2bmHi HQ KBbKQ b2` /2 iBTQ H Q /2 iBTQ H ′ Nk X *QKQ +Q`QH`BQb /2 Hb /2bB;mH//2b 2Mi`2 Hb MQ`Kb- b2 Q#iB2M2M MQp2/QbQb i2Q`2Kb /2 7+iQ`Bx+BƦM, UBV bB u : C0 → H 2b /2 MQ`K ≤ 1- 2MiQM+2b u = C0 → L2 (µ) → H U+QM T`QTB2//2b

+MƦMB+b bQ#`2 Hb THB++BQM2b 7+iQ`2bV- UBBV bB u : H → L1 2b /2 MQ`K ≤ 1- 2MiQM+2b u = H → L2 (µ) → L1 U+QM Qi`b T`QTB2//2b +MƦMB+b bQ#`2 HQb 7+iQ`2bV (RN8j+- 8k)X

G b2ti b2++BƦM- dzGb +Hb2b Mim`H2b /2 QT2`+BQM2b HBM2H2b 2M 2H 2bT+BQ /2 >BH#2`iǴNj

(RN8j+- 8j@8d)- +QM+Hmv2 2H Ȝj- v T`2b2Mi mM /2 Hb /Qb BKTHB++BQM2b 2M H `2bQHm+BƦM /2H T`Q#H2K /2 "M+?@Jxm`N9 X 1H Q#D2iBpQ +QMbBbi2 2M dz/2i2`KBM` Hb /Bp2`bb +Hb2b /2 THB++BQM2b HBM2H2b 2Mi`2 2bT+BQb /2 >BH#2`i- /2}MB/b TQ` Hb ⊗@MQ`Kb Mim`H2bǴ Nk

Nj N9

G +QBM+B/2M+B /2 Hb MQ`Kb ?BH#2`iBMb v bmb /mH2b- H `2bi`BM;B`Hb  i`Mb7Q`K+BQM2b 2Mi`2 2bT+BQb C Q L- Km2bi` +ƦKQ mM Hi bBK2i`ő `[m2iőTB+- T`QTB /2 HQb 2bT+BQb /2 >BH#2`i- 2M+`M 2M iBTQb /2 bBK2i`ő T`iB+mH`2b HB;/Qb  HQb 2bT+BQb C v LX 1b T`i2 /2 H `KQMő KmbB+H BMi`őMb2+ 2M H `2bQHm+BƦM /2 "M+?@Jxm`X o2` #DQ Mm2bi` a2++BƦM kXjX G dzMim`HB//Ǵ 2b [mő 2b2M+BHX .2bTmûb /2 H dzK`2 bm#B2Mi2Ǵ iQTQHƦ;B+@7mM+BQMH@H;2#`B+@ `2iB+mH`- H +€b+` /2 H Mm2x b2 /Bbm2Hp2- v iQ/Q b2 /2bT`2M/2 ?Q` bmp2K2Mi2- /2 KM2` Mim`HX 1H T2HiBpQ dz"M+?@Jxm`Ǵ MmM+ 2b K2M+BQM/Q +QKQ iH 2M 2H _ûbmKûX

d9

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

(RN8j+- 8j@89)X 1M H /û+/ /2 HQb i`2BMib- "M+? v Jxm` ?#őM /2KQbi`/Qtp [m2 iQ/Q 2bT+BQ /2 "M+? TQ/ő p2`b2 +QKQ T`Qv2++BƦM /2 mM 2bT+BQ L v +QKQ BMv2++BƦM 2M mM 2bT+BQ CX G T`2;mMi 2` 2MiQM+2b [mû bm+2/ő +QM H bBim+BƦM BMp2`bN8 , ǯ+m€H2b 2bT+BQb 2`M T`Qv2++BQM2b /2 2bT+BQb C 2 BMv2++BQM2b 2M 2bT+BQb L\tpB :`Qi?2M/B2+F H `2bm2Hp2 }`KM/Q [m2 b2 i`i /2 HQb 2bT+BQb /2 >BH#2`i- H;Q [m2 `2bmHi`€ +QKQ +QK@ #BM+BƦM /2 UBV mM i2Q`2K #MH 2M K2/BQ /2 bm K[mBM`B ;2M2`H Uh2Q`2K d- (RN8j+8e)V v UBBV mM i2Q`2K T`Q7mM/Q HB;/Q  H /2bB;mH// /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F U*Q`QH`BQ k(RN8j+- eR)VX *QKQ H MQ`K γ 4 /C U4 /\∨V 2bi€ +`+i2`Bx/ K2/BMi2 7+iQ`Bx+BQM2b pő +Q+B2Mi2b /2 2bT+BQb /2 iBTQ C v H MQ`K λ = L\ U4 ∨/\) HQ 2bi€ K2/BMi2 7+@

iQ`Bx+BQM2b pő bm#2bT+BQb /2 iBTQ L (RN8j+- j8)- `2bQHp2` UBV 2M "M+?@Jxm` UiQ/Q >BH#2`i 2b  H p2x +Q+B2Mi2 /2 iBTQ C v bm#2bT+BQ /2 iBTQ LV +QMbBbi2 b2M+BHHK2Mi2 2M +?2[m2` [m2 H THB++BƦM B/2MiB// Id 2M mM 2bT+BQ /2 >BH#2`i p2`B}+ ∥Id∥λ ≤ 1 UvfQ-

2[mBpH2Mi2K2Mi2- ∥Id∥γ ≤ 1V- v 2biQ b2 /2/m+2 /B`2+iK2Mi2 /2 H 2tBbi2M+B /2 mM BbQ@ KQ`}bKQ Kûi`B+Q /2 mM 2bT+BQ /2 >BH#2`i /2 /BK2MbBƦM }MBi 2M L1 (RN8j+- 8e)X 1H Ȝj

+QM+Hmv2 +QM Qi`b +`+i2`Bx+BQM2b /2 2bi2 ?2+?Q- iMiQ `2iB+mH`2b UH ≥ λ, H ≥ γV+QKQ H;2#`B+b UT`QTB2//2b /2 `2H2pQ v /2 T`QHQM;+BƦMVX N8

GQb T`Q#H2Kb /2 BMp2`bBƦM bQM 2b2M+BH2b T` 2H /2b``QHHQ /2 H Ki2K€iB+X S` :`Qi?2M/B2+F- 2M T`iB+mH`- 2M K2/BQ /2H #HM+2 `KƦMB+Q /2 bm T2MbKB2MiQ- Hb BMp2`bBQM2b /[mB`B`€M  K2Mm/Q mM TT2H ;mő T` 2H /2b``QHHQ /2 H BMimB+BƦMX H;mMb /2 2bb ;`M/2b BMp2`bBQM2b b2 +B7``€M- +QKQ ?2KQb BM/B+/Q UTX 8kV- 2M H BMp2`bBƦM /2 HQ ûiHû v HQ ûiH2X

tp

o2` CX .B2bi2HX dz:`Qi?2M/B2+F M/ "M+? bT+2 i?2Q`vǴX 1M, H2tM/`2 :`Qi?2M/B2+FX  Ji?2KiB+H SQ`i`BiX 1/X TQ` GX a+?M2TbX "QbiQM, AMi2`MiBQMH S`2bb- kyR9- T€;bX R@RkX

tpB

.B2bi2H- B#ő/X- TX k- BM/B+ [m2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F ?#ő /2KQbi`/Q [m2 mM iH 2bT+BQ /2#ő b2` `2~2tBpQ- 2M bm `iő+mHQ dzam` H2b TTHB+iBQMb HBMûB`2b 7B#H2K2Mi +QKT+i2b /Ƕ2bT+2b /m ivT2 C(K)Ǵ- *M/X CX Ji?X 8 URN8jV, RkN@RdjX G `2~2tBpB// 2` 2MiQM+2b mM +QM/B+BƦM M2+2b`B T` `2bQHp2` "M+?@Jxm`X *QM H ?BH#2`iBMB// b2 Q#iB2M2 mM +QM/B+BƦM M2+2b`B v bm}+B2Mi2X

kX _úalJú .1 G h>úP_A1 Júh_AZl1 .1a S_P.lAha h1LaP_A1Ga hPSPGP:AZl1a URN8jV

d8

Ȝ9 dzGb `2H+BQM2b 2Mi`2 HQb /Qb ;`mTQb /2 ⊗@MQ`KbX THB++BQM2bǴX

G T`BK2` b2++BƦM /2H T`€;`7Q b2 Q+mT /2 Hb 7mM+BQM2b /2 iBTQ α Up2` (RN8j+- Rk)V 2M 2H +bQ T`iB+mH` /2 HQb 2bT+BQb L1 v L∞ - T` HQb +mH2b Hb MQ`Kb α v /α\ +QBM+B/2M (RN8j+- 8d@83)X 1M H b2;mM/ b2++BƦM T`2+2 2H dzh2Q`2K 7mM/K2MiH /2 H i2Q`ő Kûi`B+ /2 HQb T`Q/m+iQb i2MbQ`BH2bǴ, ∥Id∥/∧\ ≤ h- /QM/2 Id 2b H 7mM+BƦM B/2MiB// 2M

mM 2bT+BQ /2 >BH#2`i `#Bi``BQ- v h 2b mM dz+QMbiMi2 mMBp2`bHǴ (RN8j+- 8N- h2Q`2K R)Q- 2[mBpH2Mi2K2Mi2- / ∧ \ ≤ hH (RN8j+- 8N- h2Q`2K k)X 1biQ /[mB`B`€ Hm2;Q 2H 7KQbQ

T2HiBpQ /2 /2bB;mH// /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+FX G +QMbiMi2 h /2T2M/2 /2H +KTQ bm#v+2Mi2 UR Q CV- v :`Qi?2M/B2+F +Qi bm pHQ`tpBB b2;ȹM H i2Q`ő `2H U π2 ≤ h ≤ sh π2 V Q b2;ȹM H i2Q`ő +QKTH2D U π2 ≤ h ≤ 2sh π2 V U/QM/2 sh(x) =

ex −e−x VX 2

G /2bB;mH// /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F

7m2`x 2MiQM+2b H 2[mBpH2M+B /2 / ∧ \ v H UH Qi` /2bB;mH// ?#B2M/Q bB/Q T`Q#/

 BMB+BQb /2H Ȝj- p2` ``B# TX dkVX .2 2bi KM2`- Hb Bi2`+BQM2b /2 Hb Hi2`+BQM2b b2 2bi#BHBxM 2M H MQ`K ?BH#2`iBM Uv 2M bm /mH H ′ - 2[mBpH2Mi2  \ ∨ /V- HQ [m2 HBKBi

2H MȹK2`Q /2 Hb ⊗@MQ`Kb Mim`H2bX  T`iB` /2 H /2bB;mH// /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F- b2 /2/m+2M Qi`b /2bB;mH//2b bQ+B/b U2X;X- H ≤ k (\ ∨ /) v / ∧ \ ≤ l (\ ∨ /)- +QM k

v l +QMbiMi2b /2+m/b- +Qi/b  T`iB` /2 h (RN8j+- eR)V- +QM HQ [m2 b2 i2`KBM /2 T`Q#` 2H +m/`Q /2 /QKBM+BQM2b 2M 2H h#H2`Q /2 ⊗@MQ`Kb Mim`H2b Up2` ``B#- TX dRVX

SQ` Qi`Q H/Q- T`H2HK2Mi2  Hb +Qi+BQM2b /2 Q`/2M- :`Qi?2M/B2+F 2MmM+B /Bp2`bQb i2Q`2Kb /2 `2T`2b2Mi+BƦM v T`QTB2//2b /2 7+iQ`Bx+BƦM dz2[mBpH2Mi2b H i2Q`2K RǴ (RN8j+- ek)X G i2`+2` b2++BƦM /2H Ȝ9 b2 Q+mT /2 H dz/2KQbi`+BƦM /2H i2Q`2K 7mM/K2MiHǴ (RN8j+- ek@e9)X 1b BMi2`2bMi2 Q#b2`p` [mő 2H pBpûM K2iQ/QHƦ;B+Q ;`Qi?2M/B2+FBMQ 2Mi`2 tpBB

1H pHQ` 2t+iQ /2 h 2b /2b+QMQ+B/Q ȹM ?Qv 2M /ő UkyRdVX S` mM 2t+2H2Mi2 BMi`Q/m++BƦM  H /2bB;mH// /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F v bmb mbQb BM2bT2`/Qb 2M K2+€MB+ +m€MiB+- ;2QK2i`ő MQ +QMKmiiBp- i2Q`ő /2 ;`7Qb- i2Q`ő /2 H +QKTmi+BƦM- 2i+X pûb2 :X SBbB2`X dz:`Qi?2M/B2+FǶb i?2Q`2K- Tbi M/ T`2b2MiǴX 1M, "mHHX K2`X Ji?X aQ+X 9N UkyRkVT€;bX kjd@jkjX

de

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

H 2bi`m+im` ;2M2`H /2H 2/B}+BQ Uh#H2`Q- +Qi+BQM2b- `2T`2b2Mi+BQM2b- 7+iQ`Bx+BQM2bV v 2H /2iHH2 T`iB+mH` /2 HQb ;QxM2b [m2 bQbiB2M2M H 2bi`m+im`X :`Qi?2M/B2+F +iȹ  H p2x +QKQ `[mBi2+iQ v Q#`2`QNe - iM i2MiQ  H pBbBƦM `[mBi2+iƦMB+ ;HQ#H U2MbK#HD2 /2H iQ/Q v Hb T`i2bV- +QKQ H ;2biQ HQ+H /2 Dmbi2 KMmH U+€H+mHQ 2M mM 7`;K2MiQ /2H iQ/QVX G 2ti`Q`/BM`B ?#BHB// iû+MB+ /2H MHBbi 2Mi` 2MiQM+2b 2M Dm2;QtpBBB X :`Qi?2M/B2+F /2Km2bi` H 2tBbi2M+B /2 h +QKQ HőKBi2 /2 +QMbiMi2b hn [m2 +Qi2M H B/2MiB// 2M 2bT+BQb /2 >BH#2`i H /2 /BK2MbBƦM }MBi n- v 2bim/B 2H pHQ` /2 hn K2/BMi2 `2T`2b2Mi@ +BQM2b i`B;QMQKûi`B+b 2M H 2b72` mMB// /2 HX Gb ?2``KB2Mib T` T`Q+2/2` 2M H /2KQbi`+BƦM BM+Hmv2M iQ/ mM p`B2// /2 T2`bT2+iBpb Ĝ;`mTQ Q`iQ;QMH- +QMpQHm+BQM2b`2T`2b2Mi+BQM2b BMi2;`H2b- T`Qv2++BQM2b- T`2b2`p+BQM2b ?QKQKƦ`}+b- KvQ`+BQM2b- b2@ `B2b i`B;QMQKûi`B+bĜ v +mHKBMM 2M mM 2tT`2bBƦM +MƦMB+ (RN8j+- e9) [m2 / Hm;`  H 2tBbi2M+B Uv +Qi+BƦMV /2 hX G +m`i b2++BƦM /2H T`€;`7Q 2bim/B dz+QMb2+m2M+Bb /Bp2`bb 2M H i2Q`ő /2 Hb QT2`+BQM2b HBM2H2bǴ (RN8j+- e9@ed)X :`Qi?2M/B2+F b2ƢH T`BK2`Q +ƦKQ- ;`+Bb  HQb `2bmHi/Qb Q#i2MB/Qb ?bi 2H KQK2MiQ- H dz/2i2`KBM+BƦM /2 Hb THB++BQM2b HBM2H2b +QM@ iBMmb 2Mi`2 2bT+BQb C- L- H b2 `2/m+2 i2Ʀ`B+K2Mi2  H /2i2`KBM+BƦM /2 Hb QT2`+BQM2b HBM2H2b +QMiBMmb 2Mi`2 2bT+BQb /2 >BH#2`iǴ (RN8j+- e9)- v 2tTHB+ iQ/b Hb TQbB#H2b +QK@ #BM+BQM2b /2 2bb QT2`+BQM2b H`2/2/Q` /2 +mi`Q ;`M/2b 2b[m2Kb- /2T2M/B2M/Q /2H Q`/2M /2 HQb 7+iQ`2b 2M Dm2;QNd (RN8j+- e8)X T`2+2 Hm2;Q mM b2`B2 /2 dz+`+i2`Bx+BQM2b p2+iQ`BH2b@iQTQHƦ;B+b /2H 2bT+BQ /2 >BH#2`iǴ- 2Mi`2 Hb +mH2b b2 +2Miȹ H `2bQHm+BƦM /2 Ne Nd

oûb2 _û+QHi2b 2i b2KBHH2b (RN3j@3e)- Mm2bi`Q *TőimHQ R9 #DQX a2 i`i /2 mM 2D2`+B+BQ /2 iBTQHQ;ő bQ#`2 HQb 2MH+2b 2Mi`2 HQb iBTQb KBbKQb C- L- HX G Bi2`+BƦM /2H KûiQ/Q T`Q/m+2 mM bm2`i2 /2 `[m2iBTQ [m2 ;Q#B2`M Hb 7Q`Kb /Bp2`bb /2 Hb 7+iQ`Bx+BQM2bX

tpBBB

Grp2`2 HHK dzpB`imQbQǴ H :`Qi?2M/B2+F ;`M +H+mHBbi- HH2M/2 dzMQbQi`Qb +H+mH/Q`2b K2MQb ?€#BH2bǴX o2` 6X qX Grp2`2X dzH2tM/2` :`Qi?2M/B2+F M/ i?2 *QM+2Ti Q7 aT+2Ǵ- kyR8X m`H, rrr X +bm X #m77HQ X 2/m f rHrp2`2 f :`Qi?2M/B2Fp2B`QR8X?iK- TX eX

dd

kX _úalJú .1 G h>úP_A1 Júh_AZl1 .1a S_P.lAha h1LaP_A1Ga hPSPGP:AZl1a URN8jV

"M+?@Jxm`N3 , H 2b 2bT+BQ /2 >BH#2`i bB v bQHQ bB 2b-  H p2x- +Q+B2Mi2 /2 mM 2bT+BQ /2 iBTQ C v bm#2bT+BQ /2 mM 2bT+BQ /2 iBTQ LNN (RN8j+- ee)X 1M 272+iQ- bB `2;`2bKQb H h#H2`Q /2 Hb ⊗@MQ`Kb- TX dR- H /2bB;mH// /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F b2;m` [m2 / ∧ \ v H bQM 2[mBpH2Mi2b- TQ` iMiQ H = sup≤ (λ, γ)- v 2MiQM+2b mM 2bT+BQ [m2 2b  H p2x +Q+B2Mi2 /2

iBTQ C v bm#2bT+BQ /2 iBTQ L 2b iK#BûM M2+2b`BK2Mi2 mM 2bT+BQ /2 >BH#2`iX aB;mB2M@ /Q +QM Hb THB++BQM2b /2 H i2Q`ő- :`Qi?2M/B2+F `2+m2`/ mM i2Q`2K /2 GBiiH2rQQ/ /2 ∨

∧

BM+HmbBƦM 2Mi`2 l1 v l2 - v HQ 2MmM+B  bm KM2`Ryy , l1 ⊗ L ! l2 ⊗ L- +QM H MQ`K /2 H √ BM+HmbBƦM ≤ 2 (RN8j+- ed)X G [mBMi b2++BƦM `2;Bbi` Hm2;Q Qi`b dzTHB++BQM2b H M€HBbBb `KƦMB+QǴ- 2M 2H +bQ

/2 H i2Q`ő +QKTH2D (RN8j+- e3@dk)X lM i2Q`2K /2 :2H7M/ bQ#`2 H `2T`2b2Mi+BƦM /2 C ∗ @€H;2#`b 2M bmb 2MpQHp2Mi2b / Hm;`  Mm2pb +Qi+BQM2b /2 H MQ`K ?BH#2`iBM H T` 7Q`Kb TQbBiBpbX *QM 2HHQ- b2 Q#iB2M2M H;mMQb 2[mBpH2Mi2b `KƦMB+Qb /2H i2Q`2K 7mM/K2MiH- +QKQ- TQ` 2D2KTHQ- ϕ ∈ L∞ (G) UG ;`mTQV 2b +QK#BM+BƦM HBM2H /2 7mM+BQM2b

+QMiBMmb TQbBiBpb bB v bƦHQ bB H 7mM+BƦM ϕ(t−1 s) /2}MB/ bQ#`2 G × G iB2M2 mM MQ`K T`Qv2+iBp ≤ h∥ϕ∥H Uh +QMbiMi2 /2 H /2bB;mH// /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+FVRyR (RN8j+- dR)X 1H

Ȝ9 i2`KBM +QM mM b2++BƦM bQ#`2 dzT`2;mMib #B2`ibǴ (RN8j+- dk@d9), URV T`Q#H2Kb /2 T`QtBK+BƦM UdzǯiQ/Q 2bT+BQ /2 "M+? 2b ++2bB#H2- Q ȹM Kûi`B+K2Mi2 ++2bB#H2\ S`2+2 BKT`Q##H2ǴV (RN8j+- dk)- UkV `2H+BQM2b 2Mi`2 Hb ⊗@MQ`Kb Mim`H2b U/QKBM+BƦM-

Q MQ- /2 C TQ` C ′ V- UjV K2DQ`2b +QMbiMi2b U/2i2`KBM+BƦM K€b T`2+Bb /2 h v bmb p`BMi2bN3 NN Ryy

RyR

aBM 2bQb iû`KBMQb 2M 2H i2tiQX :`Qi?2M/B2+F BM/B+ [m2 dzT`2+2 [m2 HQb +`Bi2`BQb /2 H T`QTQbB+BƦM b2M Hb T`BK2`b +`+i2`Bx+BQM2b p2+iQ`BH2b@iQTQHƦ;B+b Uv MQ Kûi`B+bV +QMQ+B/b T` 2H 2bT+BQ /2 >BH#2`iǴ (RN8j+- ee)X *QKQ 2b +QbimK#`2- b2 T`QTQM2M /Bp2`bQb 2MmM+B/Qb 2[mBpH2Mi2bX 1b Qi` 2bi`i2;B ;`Qi?2M/B2+FBM T2`KM2Mi2- T`i2 2b2M+BH /2 bm 2biBHQ, +QM+B2M+B /2 mM KmHiBTHB+B// /2 7Q`Kb- BMi2;`/b  K2Mm/Q 2M mM 2[mBpH2M+B HƦ;B+ 2Mi`2 2HHbX H }MH /2 H b2++BƦM- :`Qi?2M/B2+F 2tT`2b mMb TQ+b HBKBiMi2b 2M Hb 2[mBpH2M+Bb, dzB;MQ`Q bB UXXXV H `2bi`B++BƦM 2b M2+2b`BǴ- dz2b iH p2x BMȹiBH bmTQM2` UXXXVǴ (RN8j+- dk)X lM +B2`i 7`2b+m` +QM Hb /m/b- Hb HBKBiMi2b v HQb 2``Q`2b p2M/`€ 2M H /û+/ /2 HQb Q+?2MiX o2` Mm2bi` S`i2 AAA #DQX

d3

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

2bim/BQ /2 HQb +bQb `2H v +QKTH2DQV- U9V T`QTB2//2b H;2#`B+Q@iQTQHƦ;B+b /2 Hb C ∗ @ €H;2#`b U+Qi+BQM2b /2 7Q`Kb b2b[mBHBM2H2b TQ` 7Q`Kb TQbBiBpbV- U8V `2+őT`Q+b /Bp2`bb UTbQ /2 T`QTB2//2b 2bT2+ő}+b `2H+BQM/b +QM HQb 2bT+BQb /2 iBTQ C- L- H- λ- γ-  T`QTB2//2b +`+i2`őbiB+b K€b ;2M2`H2b T` 2bT+BQb /2 "M+?V- UeV +QKT`+BƦM /2 ∧

∨

E ⊗ F +QM E ⊗ F U2M +bQ /2 B/2MiB//- 7Q`x` E Q F /2 /BK2MbBƦM }MBi- v +m2biBQM2b H2/ƢbVX *QM+Hmv2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F, dzJB2Mi`b [m2 HQb `2bmHi/Qb /2 2bi2 i`#DQ- 2M ȹHiBKQ

M€HBbBb (Kvȹb+mH /2H miQ`)- +QM+B2`M2M K€b  HQb 2bT+BQb C- L- H [m2  HQb 2bT+BQb /2 "M+? K€b ;2M2`H2b- H bQHm+BƦM /2 Hb T`2;mMib R- k- 8- e TQ`i`ő H;mMQb T`Q;`2bQb /2+BbBpQb 2M 2H +QMQ+BKB2MiQ /2 H 2bi`m+im` p2+iQ`BH@Kûi`B+ }M /2 HQb 2bT+BQb /2 "M+? ;2M2`H2bǴtBt (RN8j+- d9)X G #B#HBQ;`7ő (RN8j+- d8) `2KBi2  "Qm`#FB- .pQ`2ixFv@_Q;2`b- GBiiH2rQQ/- L+?@ #BM- a+?ii2M- q2vH- v +QMiB2M2 +mi`Q `272`2M+Bb  :`Qi?2M/B2+F U2Mi`2 Hb +mH2b- dzh?ĕb2¨ T`Bi`2 (bB+) /Mb J2KQB`b Q7 K2`X Ji?X aQ+XǴ (RN9N@8j)VX *mi`Q T€;BMb /2 dzP#@ b2`p+BQM2bǴ U2M `2HB//- MQib  TB2 /2 T€;BM- `2mMB/b H }MH (RN8j+- de@dN)V i2`KBMM 2H _ûbmKûX o`Bb /2 Hb MQib `2+QMQ+2M 2H TQ`i2 /2 Qi`Qb Ki2K€iB+Qb, a+?ii2M (RN8j+de- MQi R)- q2vH (RN8j+- dd- MQi 3#Bb)- .mM7Q`/@S2iiBb (RN8j+- d3- MQi RR)- GBiiH2rQQ/ (RN8j+- d3- MQi Rk)- hF2/ (RN8j+- d3- MQi Rj)- :2H7M/@LBK`F (RN8j+- dN- MQi R9)- .BtKB2` (RN8j+- dN- MQi R8)- :Q/2K2Mi (RN8j+- dN- MQi Rd)X Pi`b Q#b2`p+BQM2b b2 `2}2`2M  7Q`Kb 2[mBpH2Mi2b H T`Q#H2K /2 T`QtBK+BƦM UQ ++2bB#BHB//V (RN8j+de- MQib k- j)- T`2+BbBQM2b T` HQb +bQb `2H Q +QKTH2DQ- v +QMbB/2`+BQM2b iQTQHƦ;B+b ;2M2`H2bX 1M H Q#b2`p+BƦM U3#BbV- :`Qi?2M/B2+F ?#H /2 mM dz2H2;Mi2 KûiQ/Q /2 +QM@ p2tB// /2 >X q2vH UXXXV +mv 2tTHB+Bi+BƦM bBbi2K€iB+ 7m2 2H Q#D2iQ /2 mM b2KBM`BQ 2M H tBt

GQ [m2 b2 ? /2KQMBM/Q /2b/2 2MiQM+2b H i2Q`ő }M /2 HQb 2bT+BQb /2 "M+? 2KTB2x bő 2M 2H _ûbmKûX S` mM pBbBƦM /2 Km+?Qb `2bmHi/Qb TQbi2`BQ`2b 2M 2bi €`2- pûb2 X S2H+xvMbFBX dzai`m+im`H i?2Q`v Q7 "M+? aT+2b M/ Bib BMi2`THv rBi? MHvbBb M/ T`Q##BHBivǴX 1M, S`Q+22/BM;b Q7 i?2 AMi2`MiBQMH *QM;`2bb Q7 Ji?2KiB+BMb Uq`bxrVX RN3j- T€;bX kjd@keNX

kX _úalJú .1 G h>úP_A1 Júh_AZl1 .1a S_P.lAha h1LaP_A1Ga hPSPGP:AZl1a URN8jV

dN

lMBp2`bB// /2 a½Q SmHQ 2M RN89 UMQ `2/+i/QVǴRyk (RN8j+- dd)X

kXk

aőMi2bBb +QM+2TimH

*QMiBMm+BƦM Mim`H /2 H h2bBb (RN9N@8j)- 2H _ûbmKû / Hm;`  mM 2Mi2M/BKB2MiQ Mm2pQ /2 Hb T`QTB2//2b 2bi`m+im`H2b /2 +Hb2b UȹM MQ HHK/b dz+i2;Q`őbǴV /2 2bT+BQb /2 "M+? v /2 >BH#2`i- /2b/2 mM i`BTH2 T2`bT2+iBp- i2Mi  /2bB;mH//2b 2Mi`2 MQ`@ Kb i2MbQ`BH2b- 2bi`m+im`b MHőiB+b v 7+iQ`Bx+BQM2b H;2#`B+bX Gb i`2b bi`m+im`2b@ Kĕ`2 +2Mi`H2b /2 "Qm`#FB 2Mi`M bBKmHi€M2K2Mi2 2M Dm2;Q ĜP`/2M- hQTQHQ;ő- H;2#`Ĝ iMiQ T` `2bQHp2` /B7ő+BH2b T`Q#H2Kb #B2`iQb U"M+?@Jxm`V- +QKQ T` #`B` `mib BMbQbT2+?/b U/2bB;mH// /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+FVX 1H pBpûM 2Mi`2 HQ #bi`+iQ U"M+? v >BH#2`i i H`;2V v HQ +QM+`2iQ U2bT+BQb /2 iBTQ C- L- λ- γV T2`KBi2 M+H` mM +i2@ ;Q`ő ;2M2`H U`[m2iőTB+V H`2/2/Q` /2 HQb 2bT+BQb T`iB+mH`2b UiBTQbV [m2 H ;Q#B2`MMX 1M 2bQb T`Q+2bQb `2bHiM mM `KQMő v mM bmpB// TH2Mb- /QM/2 b2 `2~2DM- mMQb 2M Qi`Qb- HQb i`2b MBp2H2b /2 H b2KBƦiB+Ryj , HQb Q#D2iQb U⊗@MQ`KbV- bmb `2T`2b2Mi€K2M2b UbB;MQb ∧- ∨ v bmb Hi2`+BQM2b  Bx[mB2`/ v /2`2+?V v bmb BMi2`T`2iMi2b U+QM2tBQM2b 2Mi`2 HQb Q#D2iQb v bmb `2T`2b2Mi€K2M2b, i2Q`2Kb /2 7+iQ`Bx+BƦMVX

G 2bi`i2;B /2 i`#DQ /2H _ûbmKû (RN8j+) 2b 7b+BMMi2, UBV /2b+`B#B` MQ`Kb +MƦMB+b +QKT`#H2b- UBBV i`Mb7Q`K` 2bb MQ`Kb- UBBBV +m#`B` 2H TMQ`K +QKTH2iQ Ryk Ryj

G BMmbmH MQ `2/++BƦM MQb / mM Mm2p TBbi bQ#`2 2H ƢQ RN89- H`2/2/Q` /2 H dz+`BbBbǴ ;`Qi?2M/B2+F@ BMX o2` *TőimHQ j #DQX S2MbKQb [mő 2M H b2KBƦiB+ Ui2Q`ő /2 HQb bB;MQbV b2;ȹM *?`H2b aM/2`b S2B`+2 UR3jN@RNR9VX S` S2B`+2- mM bB;MQ 2b mM i`ő/ ĜQ#D2iQ URV- `2T`2b2MiK2M UkV- BMi2`T`2iMi2 UjVĜ /QM/2 mM /iQ BMB+BH URV 2b `2T`2b2Mi/Q 2M mM BK;2M UkV Hm2;Q BMi2`T`2i/ 2M H;ȹM +QMi2tiQ UjVX oH2 H T2M Q#b2`p` [m2 2b2 +QMi2tiQ Up`B#H2- Bi2`iBpQ- /BM€KB+QV Tm2/2 b2` Km+?Q K€b KTHBQ [m2 mM K2Mi2 ?mKM, H b2KBƦiB+ T2B`+2M #``2 Hb 7`QMi2`b /2 Mm2bi`Q +m2`TQ 7őbB+Q v iB2M/2  b2` +QbKQHƦ;B+ f K2i7őbB+X 1biQ MQb b2`€ /2 miBHB// 2M Km+?Qb KQK2MiQb T` BMi2`T`2i` HQb `[m2iBTQb ;`Qi?2M/B2+FBMQb /2Mi`Q /2 +QMi2tiQb MQ TbB+QHQ;Bbib- 2M T`iB+mH`- /2Mi`Q /2 mM Ki2K€iB+ 2pQHmiBp [m2 bmT2` HQb `2;Bbi`Qb T`iB+mH`2b /2 HQb BM/BpB/mQb 2M 2H iB2KTQX oûb2- TQ` 2D2KTHQ- Mm2bi`Q 2bim/BQ /2 Gb Tm2`ib /2H mMBp2`bQ- *TőimHQ R9 #DQX

3y

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

;`+Bb  D2``[mBx+BQM2b 2bi`m+im`H2bX GQb i`2b MBp2H2b ;2M2`H2b TQb22M  bm p2x p`BQb bm#MBp2H2b 2bT2+ő}+Qb /2 +QKT`2MbBƦM, UV ¨ H "Qm`#FB- i2M2KQb UBV Q`/2M- UBBV iQTQHQ;őUBBBV €H;2#`c U"V b2KBƦiB+K2Mi2- i2M2KQb UBV b2K€MiB+- UBBV bBMi€+iB+- UBBBV T`;K€iB+c U*V 72MQK2MQHƦ;B+K2Mi2- i2M2KQb UBV +QMiBMmB//- UBBV b2T`+BƦM- UBBBV 2Mi`2H+bRy9 c U.V KmbB+HK2Mi2- i2M2KQb UBV i2K- UBBV p`B+BQM2b- UBBBV 7m;X 1M T`iB+mH`- 2M 2H MBp2H UBV TQ/2KQb `2+QMQ+2` mM /2 Hb Q#b2bBQM2b KvQ`2b /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+FX 1M 272+iQ- /2b/2 bm h2bBb (RN9N@8j) ?bi bm T`m2# /2 _B2KMM@_Q+? ;2M2`HBx/Q (RN88@8d)- TbM/Q TQ` H +`2+BƦM /2 Hb +i2;Q`őb #2HBMb (RN88@8e)- :`Qi?2M/B2+F /2i2+iƦ T`Qv2+iBpB// 2 BMv2+iBpB// TQ` /Q[mB2`, T`Q/m+iQb T`Qv2+iBpQb 2 BMv2+iBpQb Uh2bBbV- MQ`Kb T`Qv2+iBpb 2 BMv2+iBpb U_ûbmKûV- 2tBbi2M+B /2 bm}+B2Mi2b BMv2+iBpQb 2M +i2;Q`őb #2HBMb +QM mM ;2M2`/Q` v tBQKb /2 BM}MBim/- T` TQ/2` `2+QMbi`mB` H +Q?QKQHQ;ő  T`iB` /2 7mM@ iQ`2b /2`Bp/Qb UhƬ?QFmV- bm#2bT2+BHBx+BQM2b BM/m+iBpb /2 H T`m2# ;2M2`HBx/ /2 _B2KMM@_Q+? 2M HQb +bQb T`Qv2+iBpQ 2 BMv2+iBpQ U_TTQ`i _B2KMM@_Q+?VX S`Qv2+iBpB// 2 BMv2+iBpB// bQM /2 ?2+?Q 2bT2+BHBx+BQM2b U4 2bT+BHBx+BQM2bV /2 mM KB`/ K€b KTHB [m2 `2bmHi`€ +2Mi`H 2M 2H b2;mM/Q T2`BQ/Q /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F URN83@RNdy- p2` S`i2 AA #DQV- v [m2 #mb+`€ 2M+QMi`` `[m2iBTQb T`Q7mM/Qb /2H b#2` Ki2K€iB+QX JmHiBTHB+B//- /Bp2`bB//- iBTQb /2#2M 2Mi2M/2`b2 +QKQ T`Qv2+i/Qb /2b/2 HQb `[m2iBTQb- Q- /mHK2Mi2- BMv2+i/Qb 2M 2HHQbX G 2bi`i2;B T`Q/m+2 K`pBHHb 2M 2H +bQ /2 Hb MQ`Kb bQ#`2 T`Q/m+iQb i2MbQ`BH2b /2 2bT+BQb /2 "M+?- Tm2b Hb MQ`Kb `xQM#H2b KvQ` v K2MQ` `2bmHiM b2` T`2+BbK2Mi2 Hb MQ`Kb T`Qv2+iBp 2 BMv2+iBp- v b2 Q#iB2M2 mM Q`/2M b2K€MiB+Q Mim`H-  T`iB` /2H +mH 2K2`;2 mM dzi2KǴ +QMiBMmQ +QM Ry9

1H dz2Mi`2H+bǴ 2M J2`H2m@SQMiv +QMpQ+ 2H 2Mi`2HxKB2MiQ /2 KȹHiBTH2b MBp2H2b /2 T2`+2T+BƦM- H;Q [m2 b2 `2~2D iK#BûM 2M 2H dz+?BbK2Ǵ- BMi2`+QM2tBƦM /2 HQb 2MH+2b /2 H pBbBƦM 2M 2H +2`2#`QX oûb2 JX J2`H2m@SQMivX G2 pBbB#H2 2i HǶBMpBbB#H2X S`Bb, :HHBK`/- RNe9 U`22/X 6QHBQ kyy9Vc JX J2`H2m@SQMivX GǶP2BH 2i HǶ1bT`BiX S`Bb, :HHBK`/- RNe9 U`22/X 6QHBQ kyy9VX

kX _úalJú .1 G h>úP_A1 Júh_AZl1 .1a S_P.lAha h1LaP_A1Ga hPSPGP:AZl1a URN8jV

3R

iQ/ bm2`i2 /2 dzp`B+BQM2bǴ iQTQHƦ;B+b v H;2#`B+bX G BK;BM+BƦMtt /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F b2 /BbT` K2/BMi2 H 7Q`K+BƦM /2 Mm2pb MQ`Kb i2MbQ`BH2bX S` +/ ⊗@MQ`K α- Hb

p`B+BQM2b +MƦMB+b ƦTiBKb /2 Hb MQ`Kb U/α- α\- \α- α/V v HQb KQ/B}+/Q`2b bBMi€+@ iB+Qb Uf- \V Udzi`Bi Hiû`i2m`Ǵ (RN8j+- k3)V +Q/B}+M B+ƦMB+K2Mi2 2H +QMi2MB/Q b2K€MiB+Q KBbKQ /2H bB;MQ, BM+HBM+BƦM ?+B #DQ UQ#D2iQ `2+Q`i/QV bQ+B/  BMv2+iBpB//- BM+HB@

M+BƦM ?+B ``B# UQ#D2iQ KTHB/QV bQ+B/  T`Qv2+iBpB//X *QKQ ?2KQb pBbiQ- v2M/Q ȹM K€b HH€- mM +€H+mHQ /2 i`MbTQbB+BQM2b- /mHB//2b 2 dzBM+HBM+BQM2bǴ T`Q/m+2 mM bm2`i2 /2 i2DB/Q `KƦMB+Q 2Mi`2 Hb MQ`Kb- HQ [m2 HH2p T`Q;`2bBpK2Mi2  H 2K2`;2M+B Mim`H /2 Hb R9 MQ`Kb [m2 +m#`B`€M 2t+iK2Mi2 2H 2bT2+i`Q /2 Hb K2/B+BQM2b TQbB#H2bX 1M 272+iQ- 2H dzKBH;`QǴ 2tTHQi, URV H HBbi `2+Q``2 UKƦ/mHQ 2[mBpH2M+BV iQ/b Hb TQbB@ #H2b MQ`Kb Mim`H2b- UkV Hb MQ`Kb b2 Q`/2MM 2M mM `2iő+mHQ bBKûi`B+Q- UjV +/ 2Mi`/ 2M 2H `2iő+mHQ 2bi€ +QKTH2iK2Mi2 +`+i2`Bx/ TQ` T`QTB2//2b 2t+ib /2 7+iQ`Bx+BƦM H;2#`B+ /2 H MQ`K 2Mi`2 iBTQb /2 2bT+BQb +H€bB+Qb UL- C- HV v bmb T`Qv2++BQM2b UγV 2 BMv2++BQM2b UλVX S`2b2M+BKQb bő mM p2`//2`Q dzKBH;`QǴ T`;K€iB+Q U2M 2H b2MiB/Q /2H T`;KiB+BbKQ T2B`+2MQV- /QM/2 HQb bB;MQb +QBM+B/2M +QM bm ++BƦM bQ#`2 iQ/ mM `2/ +QKTH2D /2 Hi2`+BQM2b MHőiB+b- H;2#`B+b v b2KBƦiB+bX 1H 2Mi`2H+b /2 J2`H2m@SQMivRy8 H+Mx [mő mM bQ`T`2M/2Mi2 `KQMő KmbB+HRy8

S` J2`H2m@SQMiv- 2H dzTmMiQ K€b HiQ /2 H `xƦMǴ +QMbBbi2 2M b2MiB` 2H /2bHBx /2H bm2HQ- 2M /2i2+i` 2H KQpBKB2MiQ /2H b#2`, dz+/ +`2+BƦM +K#B- Hi2`- +H`B}+- T`Q7mM/Bx- +QM}`K- 2tHi- `2+`2 Q +`2 TQ` MiB+BT+BƦM iQ/b Hb /2K€bǴ- J2`H2m@SQMiv- ƦTX+BiX- TX NkX 1M 2b2 +im`- 2H +m2`TQQT2`/Q` 2M HQb /QKBMBQb /2H b#2`- Tm2/2 p2`b2 +QKQ dzmM ?x /2 7mM+BQM2b [m2 2Mi`2HxM H pBbBƦM v 2H KQpBKB2MiQǴ- B#ő/X- TX ReX aQM Kmv `B+b Hb +QM2tBQM2b +QM HQb +K#BQb /2 #b2- HQb 7mMiQ`2b v HQb ?+2b 2M H Q#` /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+FX

tt

oH2 H T2M +QKT`` [mő 2H _ûbmKû (RN8j+) +QM CX .B2bi2H- CX >X 6Qm`B2 v CX ar`iX h?2 J2i`B+ h?2Q`v Q7 h2MbQ` S`Q/m+ibX :`Qi?2M/B2+FǶb _ûbmKû _2pBbBi2/X S`QpB/2M+2, K2`B+M Ji?2KiB+H aQ+B2iv- kyyyX  T2b` /2 iQ/Q 2H BMi2`ûb /2 HQb /2iHH2b /2KQbi`/Qb  +#HB// 2M 2bi2 ȹHiBKQ i2tiQ- H 7`2b+m` /2H _ûbmKû 2b Km+?Q K€b }MX *Q``2bTQM/2 mM TQ+Q  +QKT`` mM i`i/Q /2 `KQMő KmbB+H U.B2bi2H- 6Qm`B2- ar`iV +QM H ;`M bBM7QMő bm#v+2Mi2 U:`Qi?2M/B2+FV  [m2 / Hm;` 2H i`i/QX 1M `2HB//- HQ KBbKQ bm+2/2 +QM Mm2bi` KQMQ;`7ő- [m2 bQHQ Tm2/2 2Mi2M/2`b2 +QKQ mM ;mő T` BM+Bi`  H22` /B`2+iK2Mi2  :`Qi?2M/B2+FX

3k

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

/QM/2 +QMpBp2M URV 7`2b+m` bBMi€+iB+- UkV +QKTH2DB// b2K€MiB+- UjV `[mBi2+iƦMB+ T`;@ K€iB+X SQ` Qi`Q H/Q- 2H +?BbK2- K2i€7Q` +QM H [m2 J2`H2m@SQMiv 2tiB2M/2 B/2HK2Mi2 2H +`m+2 /2 HQb M2`pBQb ƦTiB+Qb 2M 2H +2`2#`Q- Tm2/2 BK;BM`b2 +QKQ mM T`Q7mM/Q 2MH+2 /2 HQb M2`pBQb  H "Qm`#FB U2bi`m+im`b K/`2V 2M 2H +2`2#`Q /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+FX u2M/Q K€b HH€- bB b2;mBKQb Hb i`2b +i2;Q`őb +2MQTBi;Ʀ`B+b T2B`+2MbRye - 2H 2Mi`2H+b [mBbK€iB+Q TQb22 /Bp2`bQb MBp2H2b T`2+BbQb 2M 2H _ûbmKû (RN8j+), UkV MQ`Kb BMB+BH2b ∧- ∨c UkXRV

Hi2`+BQM2b /B;QMH2b UHQb ő+QMQb bQM 7Q`Kb /2 T`BK2`B//- 2H bB;MQ /B;QMH `2T`2b2Mi B+ƦMB+K2Mi2 2H b2MiB/Q /2 H Hi2`+BƦMVc UkXkV i`MbTQbB+BQM2b v /mHB//2b UHQb őM/B+2b bQM 7Q`Kb /2 b2;mM/B//- Hb i`Mb7Q`K+BQM2b +TiM BM/2tB+HK2Mi2 2H b2MiB/Q /2 HQb +K#BQbVc UkXjV `2iő+mHQ /2 MQ`Kb BMi2`K2/Bb UHQb bőK#QHQb bQM 7Q`Kb /2 i2`+2`B//2H `2iő+mHQ BM+Q`TQ` bBK#ƦHB+K2Mi2 2H b2MiB/Q /2 H 2bi`m+im`Vc UkXjXRV +`+i2`Bx+BQM2b H;2#`B+b pő 7+iQ`Bx+BQM2b UH }MBim/ H;2#`B+ 2b mM 7Q`K /2 T`BK2`B//- bB;mB2M/Q H +HbB}++BƦM T2B`+2M /2 Hb +B2M+BbVc UkXjXjV +`+i2`Bx+BQM2b iQTQHƦ;B+b pő +Qi@ +BQM2b /2 Hb MQ`Kb UH +QMiBMmB// 2b mM 7Q`K /2 i2`+2`B//Vc 2i+X 1H 2bT2+i+mH` i2DB/Q /2H _ûbmKû +QMpQ+ iK#BûM Qi`b BK€;2M2b Kmv ;`Qi?2M/B2+FB@ Mb, bQ#`2 mM bm2`i2 /2 #b2 HB;/  HQb 2bT+BQb p2+iQ`BH2b iQTQHƦ;B+Qb- b2 2H2pM Hb i`2b }#`b #€bB+b /2 Hb dz2bi`m+im`b K/`2Ǵ #Qm`#FBbib UiQTQHQ;ő- €H;2#`- Q`/2MV- v 2Mi`2 2HHb b2 KMB}2biM /Bp2`bb b2++BQM2b [m2 2MHxM 2H iQ/Q Ui#H2`Q /2 MQ`Kb- "M+?@ Jxm`- /2bB;mH// /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F- 2i+XV G K2iQ/QHQ;ő BMbBMȹ 2MiQM+2b 2M bő KBbK mM bm2`i2 /2 ?+B}++BƦM- [m2 b2 iQ`M`€ Kmv T`QMiQRyd 2M H ?2``KB2Mi 7mM/K2MiH ;`Qi?2M/B2+FBM /2 BMp2biB;+BƦMX LQ Q#biMi2- K€b HH€ /2 H 2bi`m+im` /2H i2DB/Q- K€b HH€ /2 H m`/BK#`2 U}#`bV v /2 H i`K Ub2++BQM2bV- Km+?Qb KQK2MiQb 2ti`Q`/BM`BQb 2M Rye

Ryd

Gb i`2b +i2;Q`őb +2MQTBi;Ʀ`B+b Tm2/2M /2b+`B#B`b2 #`2p2K2Mi2 bő, URV T`BK2`B//, 7`2b+m`KQM/B+B//- TQbB#BHB//c UkV b2;mM/B//, ++BƦM@`2++BƦM- #BM`B2//- +imHB//c UjV i2`+2`B//, K2/B+BƦM- i`B/B+B//- M2+2bB//X 1H iû`KBMQ dz+2MQTBi;Ʀ`B+QǴ T2; +2MQ U7`2b+m`- b2M+BHH2xV +QM TBi;Q`BbKQ UKi2K€iB+b- Q`/2M `KƦMB+QVX .2b/2 2H hƬ?QFm (RN88@8e)- p2` *TőimHQ j #DQX

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3j

2H _ûbmKû 2K2`;2M 2M HQb Mm/Qb UQ MQ/QbV [m2 Q+m``2M 2M 2H +iQ KBbKQ /2 i2D2`X 1D2KTHQb /2 2HHQ bQM H `xQM#BHB// (RN8j+- 3) v H Mim`HB// (RN8j+- j8) /2 Hb ⊗@MQ`Kb U+QM

HQ [m2 b2 T`B2iM HQb Mm/QbfMQ/Qb /2H i2DB/QV- H Hi2`#BHB// (RN8j+- k3) /2 ∧ v ∨ U+QM

HQ [m2 b2 /2}M2M Hb KőMBKb TmMi/b /2 p`B+BƦM H`2/2/Q` /2 HQb Mm/QbV- Q H ++2bB@ #BHB// UT`QtBK#BHB//V (RN8j+- dk) U+QM HQ [m2 b2 2tTHQ` 2H +QKTQ`iKB2MiQ i H`;2 /2 HQb Mm/Qb K€b `2T`2b2MiiBpQbVX Jmv }MK2Mi2- :`Qi?2M/B2+F b2 2M+m2Mi` bő bB2KT`2 i2MiQ  Hb T`Q#H2K€iB+b /2 `2~2tBƦM 2Mi`2 2H iQ/Q Ui2DB/QV v H T`i2 UMm/QV- v +QMbB;m2 2M+QMi`` Hb /2}MB+BQM2b T`2+Bbb- HQb 2D2KTHQb BHmbi`iBpQb v HQb i2Q`2Kb `2+iQ`2b [m2 2M;HQ#M 2H TMQ`KRy3 X

kXj

1D2KTHQ /2iHH/Q, `2bQHm+BƦM /2 "M+?@Jxm`

*QKQ ?2KQb BM/B+/Q- H `2bQHm+BƦM /2 "M+?@Jxm` +QMbBbi2 2M +`+i2`Bx` HQb 2bT+BQb /2 >BH#2`i +QKQ 2bT+BQb [m2 bQM  H p2x C@+Q+B2Mi2b v L@bm#2bT+BQbX 1M H +`+i2`B@ x+BƦM- mM BKTHB++BƦM +QMbBbi2 2M b2;m`` [m2 UBV iQ/Q 2bT+BQ /2 >BH#2`i 2b C@+Q+B2Mi2 v L@bm#2bT+BQ (RN8j+- 8e)c H Qi` BKTHB++BƦM }`K [m2 UBBV iQ/Q 2bT+BQ [m2 2b  H p2x C@+Q+B2Mi2 v L@bm#2bT+BQ `2bmHi b2` 2bT+BQ /2 >BH#2`i (RN8j+- ee)X SQ+Q Mi2b /2 Ry3

1bi2 2[mBHB#`BQ `KƦMB+Q 2Mi`2 URV /2}MB+BQM2b- UkV 2D2KTHQb v UjV i2Q`2Kb b2 2M+m/` iK#BûM T2`@ 72+iK2Mi2 #DQ Hb i`2b +i2;Q`őb T2B`+2MbX .2 ?2+?Q- S2B`+2 T`QTmbQ mM KQ/2HQ /2 H BMp2biB;+BƦM +B2Miő}+ H`2/2/Q` /2 bmb +i2;Q`őb, URV #/m++BƦM U+`2+BƦM /2 ?BTƦi2bBbV- UjV /2/m++BƦM U/2b;HQb2 /2 +QMb2+m2M+BbV- UkV BM/m++BƦM U+QMi`bi+BƦM /2 HQb `2bmHi/QbV Upûb2- TQ` 2D2KTHQ- 6X wHK2X 1H +QMiBMmQ T2B`+2MQ, bT2+iQb ;HQ#H2b v HQ+H2b /2 ;2M2`B+B//- `2~2tBpB// v KQ/HB//X lM pBbBƦM /2H +QMiBMmQ v H `[mBi2+iƦMB+ T`;K€iB+ T2B`+2M /2b/2 H HƦ;B+ Ki2K€iB+ /2H bB;HQ ssX "Q;Qi€, lMBp2`bB// L+BQMH /2 *QHQK#B- kyyRVX 1H Q`/2M 1 → 3 → 2 Ubm;2`B/Q TQ` S2B`+2 +QKQ 2H K€b ȹiBHV +Q``2bTQM/2  THMi2` ?BTƦi2bBb U+Q/B}+/b  K2Mm/Q 2M /2}MB+BQM2bV- /2/m+B` +QMb2+m2M+Bb v +QKT``Hb +QM HQb 2D2KTHQbX GQb Dmbi2b UQ i`€MbBiQbV 2M 2H T`Q+2bQ `27m2`xM mM i2Q`ő //- HQb /2bDmbi2b Um Q#bi`m++BQM2bV #`2M 2H TbQ  Mm2pb i2Q`őbX

39

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

H 2H#Q`+BƦM /2H _ûbmKû- :`Qi?2M/B2+F ?#ő T`Q#/QttB mM BKTQ`iMi2 `2bmHi/Q BM@ i2`K2/BQ 2M H /B`2++BƦM UBBV, iQ/Q 2bT+BQ [m2 2b  H p2x C@+Q+B2Mi2 v L@bm#2bT+BQ 2b M2+2b`BK2Mi2 `2~2tBpQX u [m2 HQb 2bT+BQb /2 >BH#2`i bQM HQb 2D2KTHQb T`/B;K€iB+Qb /2 2bT+BQb `2~2tBpQb- 2biQ Tm/Q iH p2x Q`B2Mi` H BMimB+BƦM /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+FX LQ Q#b@ iMi2- H K[mBM`B T2`72+iK2Mi2 Dmbi/ /2H _ûbmKû 2b H [m2 HH2p- TQ+Q  TQ+Q-  H `2bQHm+BƦM TH2M /2 "M+?@Jxm`X 1H ;`M /2b+m#`BKB2MiQ +2Mi`H 2M 2H _ûbmKû Ĝ2[mBpH2M+B 2Mi`2 +Qi` ⊗@MQ`Kb

Mim`H2b 2M mM T`Q/m+iQ i2MbQ`BH v 7+iQ`Bx` THB++BQM2b 2Mi`2 HQb bm#+QKTQM2Mi2b /2H T`Q/m+iQĜ 2b 2H [m2 Q7`2+2- Mim`H v bmp2K2Mi2- HQb 7`miQb 2M 2b /B`2++BƦMX 1H T`BK2` 2D2KTHQ /2 mM iH 2[mBpH2M+B Q+m``2  BMB+BQb /2H Ȝk- +mM/Q- T` mM THB++BƦM HBM2H

u : E → F - H +Qi+BƦM ∥u∥∧ ≤ 1 b2 /2Km2bi` 2[mBpH2Mi2  7+iQ`Bx` u pő L1 v L∞ U+QM MQ`Kb +Qi/b 2M Hb THB++BQM2b 7+iQ`2bV (RN8j+- ky)X  T`iB` /2 HHő- H 7Q`K+BƦM /2

Mm2pb ⊗@MQ`Kb (RN8j+- k3) T`Qp22- Mim`H 2 B+ƦMB+K2Mi2- /2+m/b p`B+BQM2b iMiQ 2M Hb +Qi+BQM2b /2 Hb Mm2pb MQ`Kb- +QKQ 2M Hb 7+iQ`Bx+BQM2b bQ+B/bX a2 2H2p bő iQ/Q mM 2MiQ`MQ i2Q`2K€iB+Q Mim`H /2 i`Mb72`2M+Bb 2Mi`2 T`QTB2//2b /2 Hb MQ`Kb v T`QTB2//2b /2 Hb THB++BQM2b 7+iQ`2bX 1M 2H +bQ T`iB+mH` /2 Hb THB++BQM2b 7+iQ`2b pő C@+Q+B2Mi2b v L@bm#2bT+BQb- T`2+2 H T`QTQbB+BƦM j /2 H b2++BƦM e /2H T`€;`7Q k (RN8j+- j8)- [m2 +`+i2`Bx C@+Q+B2Mi2b pő +Qi+BƦM /2 γ v L@bm#2bT+BQb pő λX *QKQ- TQ` Qi` T`i2- T` HQb 2bT+BQb /2 >BH#2`i b2 Tm2/2M /2KQbi`` 2bb +Qi+BQM2b bQ+B/b  γ v λ U+QM HQ [m2 H /QKBM  γ v λV (RN8j+- 8e)- b2 /2/m+2 2MiQM+2b H T`i2 K€b dzb2M+BHHǴ /2 "M+?@Jxm`, iQ/Q 2bT+BQ /2 >BH#2`i 2b C@+Q+B2Mi2 v L@bm#2bT+BQ (RN8j+- 8e)X bő- H `B[m2x /2 H +QKTQbB+BƦM Ui`Mb72`2M+Bb TH2Mb 2M 2H `2iB+mH/Q /2 Hb 2bi`m+im`b K/`2  H "Qm`#FBV p /2 H T` +QM H `B[m2x /2 HQb +QKTQM2Mi2b U/2}MB+BQM2b }Mb v +QMQ+BKB2MiQ `2H+BQMH /2 Hb T`i2bVX ttB

o2` .B2bi2H- ƦTX+BiX- TX kX

kX _úalJú .1 G h>úP_A1 Júh_AZl1 .1a S_P.lAha h1LaP_A1Ga hPSPGP:AZl1a URN8jV

38

S` BMp2`iB` H T`Q#H2K€iB+- v TQ/2` /2KQbi`` H BKTHB++BƦM BMp2`b 2M "M+?@ Jxm` UiQ/Q C@+Q+B2Mi2 v L@bm#2bT+BQ 2b 2bT+BQ /2 >BH#2`iV- 2b Mim`H [m2 /2# bm+2/2` 2M H;ȹM KQK2MiQ mM BMp2`bBƦM 2M H `2H+BƦM /2 /QKBM+BƦM /2 Hb MQ`KbX 1b2 2b 2t+iK2Mi2 mMQ /2 HQb b2MiB/Qb T`Q7mM/Qb /2 H /2bB;mH// /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F- /QM/2 H[m2 /B`2+iK2Mi2  T`iB` /2 H /2}MB+BƦM 2b /QKBM/ TQ` / ∧ \ (RN8j+- 9R)- Tb  bm

p2x  /QKBM`H, / ∧ \ ≤ hH (RN8j+- ey)X SQ` /mHB//- b2 Q#iB2M2- 2M 2H +Q`QH`BQ R /2H i2Q`2K j /2H T`€;`7Q 9- H ≤ k (\ ∨ /) (RN8j+- eR)- HQ [m2 7m2`x H 2[mBpH2M+B /2 H

+QM \ ∨ / = sup≤ (∨/\, /\∨) = sup≤ (λ, γ) U/2}MB+BQM2b /2 γ v λ (RN8j+- j8)V- v 2MiQM+2b iQ/ C@T`Qv2++BƦM v L@BMK2`bBƦM `2bmHi b2` 7+iQ`Bx#H2  i`pûb /2 mM 2bT+BQ /2 >BH#2`i

(RN8j+- eR)X .2 2bi KM2`- +QKQ TQ` dz`i2 /2 K;BǴRyN - +QM mM 7b+BMMi2 bmpB//H K`2 +m#`2 H Mm2x- /Bbm2Hp2 bm +€b+` v 2K2`;2 2H 7`miQ BKTQHmiQX .2 ?2+?Q- H `2bQHm+BƦM /2 "M+?@Jxm` bQHQ Tm2/2 2Mi2M/2`b2 bB b2 H BMi2;` /2M@ i`Q /2 Hb 2bi`i2;Bb ;2M2`H2b /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+FRRy X 1M 272+iQ- bm `2bQHm+BƦM +QKTH2i v 2tTHő+Bi Q+m``2 2M H T`QTQbB+BƦM 8 /2H T`i/Q + /2 H b2++BƦM 9 /2H T`€;`7Q 9 (RN8j+ee), bm KBbKQ Hm;` 2t+2Mi`/Q- +QKQ +QMb2+m2M+B T`2Mi2K2Mi2 K2MQ` /2H dzh2Q`2K 6mM/K2MiHǴ U/2bB;mH// /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+FV (RN8j+- 8N)- BM/B+ [m2-  T2b` /2 H #2HH2x Ki2K€iB+ v `KƦMB+ /2H `2bmHi/Q- 2bi2 MQ b2 2M+QMi`# 2M H KB` /2H miQ` H /2@ b``QHH` bm i`#DQRRR X :`Qi?2M/B2+F +QMbB;m2 2MiQM+2b +`+i2`Bx` H +i2;Q`ő /2 HQb RyN

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RRR

oQHp2`2KQb bQ#`2 2bi b2Mb+BƦM /2 K`pBHH H `2pBb` HQb +QK2Mi`BQb /2 .2HB;M2 bQ#`2 H;mMb T`m2#b /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F 2M 2H i#H2`Q- +mM/Q /2b``QHH# 2M 2H A>1a bm a2KBM`BQ /2 :2QK2i`ő H;2#`B+ (RNey@eN)X o2` *TőimHQ 3 #DQX hH p2x TQ` 2HHQ KBbKQ 2b [m2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F +QMbB;m2 `2bQHp2` 2H T`Q#H2KX 1H _ûbmKû MQ Q7`2+2 mM i[m2 /B`2+iQ  H +m2biBƦM UiBTQ K`iBHHQ v #m`BH T` dz`QKT2`Ǵ H +€b+` /2 H Mm2x (RN3j@3e)V- bBMQ T`Qp22 mM K#B2Mi2 #bi`+iQ v bmp2 /QM/2 b2 bmK2`;2 H T`Q#H2K€iB+X 1H `bi`2Q /2 HQb `2bmHi/Qb BMi2`K2/BQb [m2 HH2pM  H T`m2#- +QM bm +`€+i2` /2bT2`/B;/Q +QKQ ?2KQb pBbiQ 2M Hb T€;BMb Mi2`BQ`2b- TQv iK#BûM 2bi H2+im`X GQ [m2 KQiBp T`Q7mM/K2Mi2  :`Qi?2M/B2+F 2b- 2M +K#BQ- H +QMbi`m++BƦM `2iB+mH`@H;2#`B+Q@iQTQHƦ;B+ /2H dzh#H2`Q /2 Hb ⊗@ MQ`Kb Mim`H2bǴ- p2` ``B# TX dRX Zm2 "M+?@Jxm` b2 /2/mx+ +QKQ +bQ T`iB+mH` /2 2b2 2[mBHB#`BQ ;2M2`H 2b mM Kmv #B2Mp2MB/ +QMb2+m2M+B- [m2 /2 MBM;mM KM2` /2#2 +QMbB/2``b2 7mM/K2MiHX

3e

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

2bT+BQb /2 >BH#2`i /2Mi`Q /2 HQb 2bT+BQb /2 "M+? TQ` Tm`b T`QTB2//2b /2 T`Qv2+@ iBpB// UC@+Q+B2Mi2bV v /2 BMv2+iBpB// UL@bm#2bT+BQbV Ĝ`2bmHi/Q 2ti`Q`/BM`BQ /2 TQ` bőĜ- T2`Q 2biQ bQHQ `2bmHi +QKQ +QMb2+m2M+B /2 mM Q`/2M `[m2iőTB+Q ȹM K€b T`Q7mM/Q+B7`/Q 2M 2H dzh#H2`Q /2 Hb ⊗@MQ`Kb Mim`H2bǴX lM `[mBi2+iƦMB+ ;HQ#H b2 `2~2D bő 2M Hb #QM//2b HQ+H2b /2H 2/B}+BQ, mM ?2`KQb KB`/ /2b/2 mM 2biM+B 2bT2+ő}+

U"M+?@Jxm`V b2 +QMbB;m2 ;`+Bb  H pBbBƦM /2H `[mBi2+iQ- [mB2M ? b#B/Q T`2pBK2Mi2 /Bbi`B#mB` Hb T2`bT2+iBpb /2H 2MiQ`MQRRk X

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a2 i`i /2 H T`BK2` `272`2M+B  ?+2b 2M 2H +m2`TQ /2H `iő+mHQ U?#őM bB/Q K2M+BQM/Qb 2M H AMi`Q/m++BƦMVX 1b BMi2`2bMi2 [m2 2b `272`2M+B Q+m``  MBp2H /2 +QMi`2D2KTHQ, /2Mi`Q /2 HQ T`iB+mH` M2;iBpQ- 2M mM MBp2H /Q#H2K2Mi2 QTm2biQ  HQ ;2M2`H TQbBiBpQX 1b mM BMbiM+B K€b /QM/2 H i2M+BƦM }M /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F i`#D  H p2x 2M HQ K€b #bi`+iQ v 2M HQ K€b +QM+`2iQX S` :`Qi?2M/B2+F- mM 2[mBpH2M+B 2Mi`2 /Qb +i2;Q`őb C v C ′ 2b mM bBbi2K (F, G, ϕ, ψ) 7Q`K/Q TQ` 7mMiQ`2b F : C → C ′ v G : C ′ → C v ?QKQKQ`}bKQb 7mMiQ`BH2b U4 i`Mb7Q`K+BQM2b Mim`H2bV ϕ : IdC → GF - ψ : IdC ′ → F G- iH2b [m2 +B2`ib +QKTm2bib /2+m/b b2M +MƦMB+K2Mi2 B;mH2b  H B/2MiB// UB;mH//2b [m2 Hm2;Q b2 HHK`€M Hb 2+m+BQM2b /2 H mMB// v +QmMB//V (RN88@8eRk8)X 1M `2HB//- +QKQ HQ ? BM/B+/Q J`[mBb- bB bQHQ b2 bmK2 [m2 ϕ v ψ b2M ?QKQKQ`}bKQb U2M p2x /2 BbQKQ`}bKQbV 2bi /2}MB+BƦM T`Qp22 H MQ+BƦM- K€b ;2M2`H- /2 /DmM+BƦM 2Mi`2 +i2;Q`őbX hQ/ 2[mBpH2M+B U/QM/2 ϕ v ψ bQM BbQV 2b mM /DmM+BƦM- T2`Q H BKTHB++BƦM +QMi``B 2bi€ H2DQb /2 b2` +B2`iX Grp2`2 T`QKmH;`€ H B/2 /2 [m2 H Ki2K€iB+ 2bi€ TH;/ /2 dz/DmMiQb TQ` /Q[mB2`Ǵ UHB;/Qb  mM T`Q7mbBƦM /2 Q#D2iQb HB#`2b v /2 +QM2tBQM2b /2 :HQBbV- KB2Mi`b [m2 HQb i2Q`2Kb /2 2[mBpH2M+B 2Mi`2 +i2;Q`őb bQM K2MQb 7`2+m2Mi2b v /2 HiQ +QMi2MB/Q 2bi`m+im`H U+QKQ- TQ` 2D2KTHQpő mM i2Q`2K /2 aiQM2- H 2[mBpH2M+B /2 H +i2;Q`ő /mH /2 +QMDmMiQb v H +i2;Q`ő /2 Hb €H;2#`b #QQH2Mb +QKTH2ib iƦKB+bVX hQ/Q 2H hƬ?QFm 2bi€ `2TH2iQ /2 +QMbB/2`+BQM2b /2 bBK2i`ő 2M H /2}MB+BƦM /2 HQb Q#D2iQb Ki2K€iB+Qb 2M Dm2;QX G KmbB+HB// ;`Qi?2M/B2+FBM v H #ȹb[m2/ /2 `KQMőb p  `2~2D`b2 ?Q` 2M mM K#B2Mi2 2b2M+BHK2Mi2 H;2#`B+QX oûMb2 CX@SX J`[mBbX 6`QK  :2QK2i`B+H SQBMi Q7 oB2rX  aim/v Q7 i?2 >BbiQ`v M/ S?BHQbQT?v Q7 *i2;Q`v h?2Q`vX L2r uQ`F, aT`BM;2`- kyyN- TX N9- v E`ƺK2`- ƦTX+BiX- TTX R93@R8yX

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RyR

MmHQ- Q +2`QsAo (RN88@8e- Rke)X :`Qi?2M/B2+F b2ƢH [m2 H +i2;Q`ő /mH /2 mM +i2;Q`ő /BiBp 2b /BiBp- 2 BMi`Q/m+2 Hb MQ+BQM2b /2 Mȹ+H2Q- +QMȹ+H2Q 2 BK;2M /2 mM KQ`}bKQRkd X lM +i2;Q`ő #2HBM 2b mM +i2;Q`ő /BiBp +QM /Qb tBQKb bmTH2K2Mi`BQb, U"RV hQ/Q KQ`}bKQ TQb22 Mȹ+H2Q v +QMȹ+H2Q- U"kV S` iQ/Q KQ`}bKQ u- 2H ?QKQKQ`}bKQ +MƦMB+Q Coim(u) → Im(u) 2b BbQKQ`}bKQ (RN88@8e- Rkd)X *QK#BMM/Q HQ ;2M2`H v HQ

T`iB+mH`- :`Qi?2M/B2+F Q#b2`p [m2- TQ` mM H/Q- 2M mM +i2;Q`ő #2HBM- mM KQ`}bKQ KQMQ v 2TB 2b M2+2b`BK2Mi2 BbQso - v- TQ` Qi`Q H/Q- [m2 2tBbi2M 2D2KTHQb Ki2K€iB+@ K2Mi2 `2H2pMi2b /2 +i2;Q`őb /BiBpb MQ #2HBMb, UBV +i2;Q`ő /2 KƦ/mHQb iQTQHƦ;B+Qb b2T`/Qb bQ#`2 mM MBHHQ iQTQHƦ;B+Q- UBBV +i2;Q`ő /2 2bT+BQb }#`/Qb ?QHQKQ`7Qb bQ#`2 mM p`B2// ?QHQKQ`7 /2 /BK2MbBƦM +QKTH2D R U2b /2+B`- bQ#`2 mM bmT2`}+B2 /2 _B2@ KMMVRk3 (RN88@8e- Rkd)X Pi` MQi ;2M2`H Km2bi` [m2- 2M mM +i2;Q`ő #2HBM- H +Hb2 /2 HQb bm#Q#D2iQb /2 A 7Q`K mM `2iő+mHQRkN - /QM/2- T` P - Q bm#Q#D2iQb /2 A- b2 iB2M2 sup(P, Q) = Im(P + Q) 2 inf (P, Q) = Ker(< πP , πQ >: A → A/P × A/Q)X Rkd

Rk3

RkN

./Q u : A → B- Ker(u) b2 /2}M2 +QKQ 2H K€tBKQ bm#Q#D2iQ UdzbQmb@i`m+ǴV /2 A  i`pûb /2H +mH b2 7+iQ`BxM HQb KQ`}bKQb v : C → A iH2b [m2 uv = 0X .mHK2Mi2- b2 /2}M2 H MQ+BƦM /2 +QMȹ+H2Q Coker(u) +QKQ +Q+B2Mi2 Udzi`m+ [mQiB2MiǴVX G BK;2M /2 u b2 /2}M2 +QKQ Im(u) = Ker(Coker(u)) Uv /mHK2Mi2 Coim(u) = Coker(Ker(u)VVX G /2b+`BT+BƦM /2 H BK;2M 2[mBpH2- 2M 2H +bQ /2 Hb +i2;Q`őb #2HBMb- H KőMBKQ bm#Q#D2iQ /2 B  i`pûb /2H +mH u TQ/`ő 7+iQ`Bx`b2 UMQi  TB2 /2 T€;BM /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+FVX GQb Mȹ+H2Qb- +QMȹ+H2Qb- BK€;2M2b v +QBK€;2M2b MQ iB2M2M TQ` [mû 2tBbiB` 2M mM +i2;Q`ő `#Bi``B- T2`Q bB HQ ?+2M bQM ȹMB+Qb KƦ/mHQ BbQKQ`}bKQ (RN88@8e- Rke)X G p`B#H2 +QKTH2D- 2b2M+BH 2M H 2K2`;2M+B /2 HQb 2bT+BQb Mm+H2`2b- T`2+2 iK#BûM 2M Km+?Qb 2D2KTHQb /2H hƬ?QFmX mM[m2 _B2KMM@_Q+?@:`Qi?2M/B2+F (RN88@8d) Up2` Mm2bi`Q *TőimHQ 9V b2`€ mM €TB+2 2M 2H +KBMQ- H p`B#H2 +QKTH2D MQ /2D`€ MmM+ /2 T`Qp22` KmHiBim/ /2 B/2b v KQiBp+BQM2b 2M iQ/ H Q#` Up2` T`iB+mH`K2Mi2 *TőimHQb e- Ry- Rk #DQVX LQ Tm2/2 /2D` /2 T2Mb`b2 [mő 2M 2H `2iő+mHQ /2 ⊗@MQ`Kb Mim`H2b 2M 2H _ûbmKû (RN8j+)X GQb `[m2iBTQb /2 2[mBHB#`BQ bBKûi`B+Q U`2iő+mHQbV 2M H K2Mi2 /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F 2M+`MM Mim`HK2Mi2 iMiQ 2M +i2;Q`őb /2H M€HBbBb 7mM+BQMH- +QKQ 2M +i2;Q`őb /2H €H;2#` #bi`+iX

sAo

1M H i2`KBMQHQ;ő TQbi2`BQ`- b2 i`i /2 mM Q#D2iQ 0 [m2 2b-  H p2x- BMB+BH U∀A∃! 0 → AV v }MH U∀A∃! A → 0VX G bBK2i`ő 2b 2b2M+BHX

so

1M H +i2;Q`ő /2 +QMDmMiQb- 2biQ +Q``2bTQM/2  [m2 mM 7mM+BƦM BMv2+iBp v bQ#`2v2+iBp b2 #Bv2+iBpX 1M +K#BQ- 2M mM +i2;Q`ő `#Bi``B- MQ iB2M2 TQ` [mû bm+2/2` [m2 KQMQ Y 2TB BKTHB[m2 BbQX SQ` 2D2KTHQ- 2M H +i2;Q`ő /2 MBHHQb- H BM+HmbBƦM i : Z → Q MQ 2b

BbQ- mM[m2 2b KQMQ UQ#pBQV v 2TB UbB f : Q → A v g : Q → A bQM iH2b [m2 f i = gi- 2b /2+B`- bB +QBM+B/2M 2M Z- 2MiQM+2b 2H B/2H KtBKH Ker(f − g) MQ b2 `2/m+2  {0} v iB2M2 [m2 b2` 2MiQM+2b Q- Tm2b Q- +QKQ +KTQ- TQb22 bQHQ /Qb B/2H2b KtBKH2bc 2biQ 7m2`x f = gVX 1H 2[mBHB#`BQ- Q H `KQMő- KQMQ Y 2TB 4 BbQ b2 / iMiQ 2M Hb +i2;Q`őb #2HBMb- +QKQ 2M HQb iQTQb Udz+i2;Q`őb #HM+2/bǴVX

Ryk

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

1H T`i/Q dzRX8XamKb v T`Q/m+iQb BM}MBiQbǴ (RN88@8e- Rk3@Rjy) 2H2p 2H MBp2H /2 2tB;2M+Bb tBQK€iB+b [m2 b2 ?#őM BMi`Q/m+B/Q ?bi 2H KQK2MiQ 2M i2Q`ő /2 +i2@ ;Q`őb T` +QMi`QH`- BMi2`M v 2bi`m+im`HK2Mi2- T`Q+2bQb /2 BM}MBim/X :`Qi?2M/B2+F T`QTQM2 i`2b tBQKb- dzTQ` Q`/2M /2 7m2`x +`2+B2Mi2Ǵ (RN88@8e- Rk3), U"jV 1tBbi2M@ +B /2 bmKb /B`2+ib T` iQ/ 7KBHB (Ai )i∈I c U"9V "j Y bmK /B`2+i /2 KQMQb " " 2b KQMQRjy c U"8V "j Y ( i Ai ) ∩ B = i (Ai ∩ B) U VRjR UT` bm#Q#D2iQb /2 AVRjk c % U"eV "j Y 2ti2MbBƦM /2 U V H +bQ /2 őM}KQb BM}MBi`BQb U ) (RN88@8e- Rk3@RkN)X ./Qb HQb #HM+2b bBKûi`B+Qb 2M +i2;Q`őb #2HBMb- b2 Tm2/2M 2MmM+B` tBQKb /mH2b

U"j V@U"e V- v :`Qi?2M/B2+F Tb  /BbiBM;mB` H 7m2`x /2 HQb /Bp2`bQb tBQKb K2/B@ Mi2 7b+BMMi2b 2D2KTHQb, UBV H +i2;Q`ő /2 ;`mTQb #2HBMQb UQ- K€b ;2M2`HK2Mi2- H +i2;Q`ő /2 KƦ/mHQb bQ#`2 mM MBHHQ mMBi`BQV biBb7+2 "e- "9 - T2`Q MQ "8 UTQ` HQ iMiQ "8 MQ 2b +QMb2+m2M+B /2 "9 - v- /mHK2Mi2- "8 iKTQ+Q 2b +QMb2+m2M+B /2 "9VRjj c UBBV H +i2;Q`ő /2 ?+2b #2HBMQb U2b /2+B`- +QM }#`b ;`mTQb #2HBMQbV bQ#`2 mM 2bT+BQ iQTQHƦ;B+Q //Q biBb7+2 "8- "j - T2`Q MQ "9 (RN88@8e- RkN)X 1H T`i/Q +QM+Hmv2 BM/B+M/Q [m2 dzHQb tBQKb T`2+2/2Mi2b MQb b2`€M bQ#`2 iQ/Q ȹiBH2b T` 2H 2bim/BQ /2 HőKBi2b BM/m+iBpQb v T`Qv2+iBpQb- [m2 M2+2bBi`2KQb T` /` +QM/B+BQM2b /2 2tBbi2M+B KM2D#H2b T` Q#D2iQb ĿBMv2+iBpQbŀ v ĿT`Qv2+iBpQbŀǴ (RN88@8e- RkN@Rjy)X .2 2bi KM2`- H T`Q#H2K€iB+ `[m2iőTB+ /2 H BMv2+iBpB// v H T`Qv2+iBpB// H+Mx mM +QM+`2i- 2 BM2bT2`/- iBTB}++BƦM tBQK€iB+X Rjy RjR Rjk

Rjj

*QKQ b2ƢHKQb ``B#- TX NN- bQHQ b2 iB2M2 2M ;2M2`H [m2 2H T`Q/m+iQ /2 KQMQb 2b KQMQ- Q- /mHK2Mi2[m2 H bmK /2 2TBb 2b 2TBX " Gb bmKb +Q``2bTQM/2M  HQb bmT`2KQb BM}MBi`BQb 2M 2H `2iő+mHQ U+QKTH2iQV /2 HQb bm#Q#D2iQbX *QM H i2`KBMQHQ;ő TQbi2`BQ`- H +Hb2 /2 HQb bm#Q#D2iQb /2 A 7Q`K mM HQ+H UQ €H;2#` /2 >2viBM; +QKTH2iVX 1bi T`QTB2// b2`€ iK#BûM 7mM/K2MiH 2M H HƦ;B+ /2 HQb iQTQb- p2` Mm2bi`Q *TőimHQ 3 #DQX 1H +bQ T`/B;K€iB+Q /2 HQ+H UAb#2HH- RNdkV 2b 2H `2iő+mHQ /2 #B2`iQb /2 mM 2bT+BQ iQTQHƦ;B+QX hQTQHQ;ő- €H;2#` v Q`/2M b2 pm2Hp2M  +QM2+i` bő T`Q7mM/K2Mi2 /2bTmûb /2 HQb 7m2;Qb `iB}+BH2b /2H _ûbmKû (RN8j+)X G +i2;Q`ő /2 HQb ;`mTQb #2HBMQb iQTQHƦ;B+Qb +QKT+iQb- +i2;Q`ő /mH /2 HQb ;`mTQb USQMi`B;BMVbiBb7+2 "e - "9- T2`Q MQ "8 (RN88@8e- RkN)X

jX al_ Zl1GZl1a SPALha .ǶG:Ĕ"_1 >PJPGP:AZl1 URN88@8eV

Ryj

aB;mB2M/Q 2H TûM/mHQ ;`Qi?2M/B2+FBMQ 2Mi`2 HQ mMBp2`bH v HQ T`iB+mH`- HQb T`i/Qb RXe v RXd b2 Q+mTM /2 +QMbi`m++BQM2b ;2M2`H2b Udz+i2;Q`őb /2 /B;`Kb v T`QTB2//2b /2 T2`KM2M+BǴ (RN88@8e- Rjy@RjR)V v /2 2D2KTHQb /2`Bp/Qb /2 2bb `KxQM2b #bi`+ib Udz2D2KTHQb /2 +i2;Q`őb /2}MB/b TQ` 2b[m2Kb /2 /B;`KbǴ, +i2;Q`őb /2 MmH/Q`2bT`Q/m+iQb- KQ`}bKQb- 7mMiQ`2b- +QKTH2DQb ?QKQHƦ;B+Qb- ++BQM2b /2 ;`mTQ- bBbi2Kb BM@ /m+iBpQb v T`Qv2+iBpQb (RN88@8e- RjR@Rjj)VX 1H T`i/Q RX3 2bim/B dzHőKBi2b BM/m+iBpQb v T`Qv2+iBpQbǴ (RN88@8e- Rjj@Rj9) v T`Qp22 +QM/B+BQM2b bm}+B2Mi2b T` H +QMbi`m++BƦM 7mMiQ`BH /2 lim(A) T` bBbi2Kb BM/m+iBpQb A 2M mM +i2;Q`ő #2HBMRj9 X −→

1H T`i/Q dzRXNX:2M2`/Q`2b v +Q;2M2`/Q`2bǴ (RN88@8e- Rj9@Rj8) BMi`Q/m+2 Qi`Qb

Mm2pQb +QM+2TiQb /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F- [m2 `2bmHi`€M 2b2M+BH2b iMiQ 2M 2H hƬ?QFm- +QKQ 2M Qi`Qb /2b``QHHQb +2Mi`H2b /2 H i2Q`ő /2 +i2;Q`őbsoA X ./ C +i2;Q`ő `#Bi``BmM 7KBHB (Ui )i∈I /2 Q#D2iQb 2M C 2b mM 7KBHB ;2M2`/Q` 2M C bB T` iQ/Q A ∈ C

v iQ/Q bm#Q#D2iQ B ̸= A- 2b /B72`2M+B Tm2/2 /BbiBM;mB`b2 pő KQ`}bKQb 2M H 7KBHB

;2M2`/Q` U2b /2+B`- ∃i ∈ I, ∃u : Ui → A iH [m2 u MQ b2 7+iQ`Bx pő Ui → BVX 1M T`iB+mH`- mM Q#D2iQ U 2b ;2M2`/Q` bB H 7KBHB i`BpBH {U } 2b ;2M2`/Q`X aB C TQb22

mM 7KBHB ;2M2`/Q`- 2MiQM+2b H +Hb2 /2 HQb bm#Q#D2iQb /2 A ∈ C 2b mM +QMDmMiQ UTm2b HQb bm#Q#D2iQb 2bi€M +QKTH2iK2Mi2 /2i2`KBM/Qb pő KQ`}bKQb bQ#`2 H 7KBHB

;2M2`/Q`V (RN88@8e- Rj9)X .mHK2Mi2- b2 Q#iB2M2M Hb MQ+BQM2b /2 7KBHB +Q;2M2`/Q` v Q#D2iQ +Q;2M2`/Q`X GQb 2D2KTHQb 2K2`;2M 2MiQM+2b 2M T`Q7mbBƦM, UBV 2M H +i2;Q`ő Rj9

aB H +i2;Q`ő #2HBM C biBb7+2 "j- lim(A) 2tBbi2 v H +QMbi`m++BƦM 2b 7mMiQ`BHc bB C biBb7+2 −→

/2K€b "8- 2H 7mMiQ` 2b 2t+iQ (RN88@8e- Rjj)X soA

lM i2K +2Mi`H 2M i2Q`ő /2 +i2;Q`őb 2b H +Q``2H+BƦM- T` mM 7mMiQ`- 2Mi`2 URV T`2b2`p` HőKBi2b v UkV TQb22` mM /DmMiQ Bx[mB2`/QX a2 iB2M2 bB2KT`2 [m2 UkV BKTHB+ URV- T2`Q 2H +QMp2`bQ MQ M2+2b`BK2Mi2 2b +B2`iQX aBM 2K#`;Q- H;mMb +QM/B+BQM2b /B+BQMH2b 2M URV T2`KBi2M /2/m+B` UkVX SQ` 2D2KTHQ- 2M 2H i2Q`2K 2bT2+BH /2H 7mMiQ` /DmMiQ /2 6`2v/ URNe9V- bB F : C → D 2b mM 7mMiQ` [m2 T`2b2`p HőKBi2b-

v C 2b +QKTH2i UiQ/Qb HQb HőKBi2b 2tBbi2MV- 2b #B2M TQi2M+B/ UHb +Hb2b /2 bm#Q#D2iQb bQM +QMDmMiQbV v TQb22 mM +Q;2M2`/Q`- 2MiQM+2b

F iB2M2 /DmMiQ Bx[mB2`/QX Zm2 2H 2[mBHB#`BQ `KƦMB+Q 2ti2`MQ 2Mi`2 URV v UkV Tm2/ `2/m+B`b2- 2M mM +bQ T`iB+mH`- H 2[mBHB#`BQ `KƦMB+Q BMi2`MQ /2 mM +Q;2M2`/Q` 2b mM `2bmHi/Q [m2 /2#2`ő ?#2` ;mbi/Q  :`Qi?2M/B2+F UMQ i2M2KQb +QMbiM+B- bBM 2K#`;Q- /2 mM H2+im` TQbi2`BQ` /2 6`2v/ TQ` :`Qi?2M/B2+FVX

Ry9

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

U#2HBMV /2 KƦ/mHQb bQ#`2 mM MBHHQ mMBi`BQ U - U `2bmHi ;2M2`/Q`c UBBV 2M H +i2;Q`ő /2 ?+2b #2HBMQb bQ#`2 mM 2bT+BQ iQTQHƦ;B+Q X- H 7KBHB /2 ?+2b (ZU )U ⊆X U+QM ZU

?x MmHQ bQ#`2 X − U v ?x +QMbiMi2 /2 2Mi2`Qb bQ#`2 U V 2b 7KBHB ;2M2`/Q`c UBBBV 2M H +i2;Q`ő /2 KƦ/mHQb bQ#`2 Z- 2H iQ`Q T = R/Z 2b +Q;2M2`/Q`c UBpV 2M mM +i2;Q`ő

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./Q 2H 2MiQ`MQ /2 /2}MB+BQM2b H`2/2/Q` /2H _B2KMM@_Q+? +H€bB+Q- a2``2 +QMbB/2` 2H ?x Θ /2 ;û`K2M2b /2 7mM+BQM2b K2`QKQ`7b +QM TQHQb bB;M/Qb- +QM bmb ;`mTQb /2 +Q?QKQHQ;ő H 0 (Θ)- H 1 (Θ) U2bT+BQb p2+iQ`BH2b +QKTH2DQb }MBiQ@/BK2MbBQMH2bV- v 2H ?x Ω /2 ;û`K2M2b /2 7mM+BQM2b ?QHQKQ`7b +QM +2`Qb bB;M/Qb- +QM bmb ;`mTQb /2 +Q?QKQHQ;ő- v /2Km2bi` iMiQ mM i2Q`2K /2 /mHB// UH 1 (Θ) ≈ (H 0 (Ω))∗ V+QKQ mM Mm2p 2+m+BƦM iBTQ _B2KMM@_Q+?, m − gen(f ) + 1 = dim(H 0 (Θ)) − dim(H 0 (Ω))X oûb2 a2``2- ƦTX+BiX 1H BMp`BMi2 ;2QKûi`B+Q b2 H22 ?Q` #DQ mM BMp`BMx +Q?QKQHƦ;B+-  H +mH :`Qi?2M/B2+F `2bmHi b2` BMK2/BiK2Mi2 b2MbB#H2X

sso

aQ#`2 mM p`B2// X +QM #m2Mb T`QTB2//2b H;2#`B+Q@iQTQHƦ;B+b- >B`x2#`m+? 2M+m2Mi` mM 2MH+2 2Mi`2 Hb +Hb2b /2 *?2`M UBMp`BMi2b dz/BiBpQbǴ 2tTQM2M+BH2b 2M H +Q?QKQHQ;ő H ∗ (X)V- Hb +Hb2b /2 hQ// UBMp`BMi2b dzKmHiBTHB+iBpQbǴ TQHBMQKBH2b 2M H ∗ (X)V v H;mMb bmKb Hi2`M/b /2 /BK2MbBQM2b +Q?QKQHƦ;B+bX oûb2 6X >B`x2#`m+?X hQTQHQ;B+H J2i?Q/b BM H;2#`B+ :2QK2i`vX L2r uQ`F, aT`BM;2`@ o2`H;- RN8eX .2 Mm2pQ- 2H K#B2Mi2 `2bmHi b2` 2H 2bT+BQ T2`72+iQ T` H HH2;/ /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+FX

Rkd

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A(X) /2 H K@i2Q`őRed v 2bim/BQ /2 bmb T`QTB2//2b 7mMiQ`BH2b (RN88@8d- j3@9R)c UBBV T` mM bm#+Hb2 C0 /2 mM +i2;Q`ő #2HBM- /2}MB+BƦM /2H ;`mTQ K(C0 ) K2/BMi2 mM /Q#H2 T`Q+2bQ /2 HB#2`+BƦM v bBK2i`Bx+BƦM- v- 2M T`iB+mH`- T` mM p`B2// X +QM #m2Mb

T`QTB2//2b- /2}MB+BƦM /2H ;`mTQ K(X) /2 H K@i2Q`ő +QKQ K(F(X))- /QM/2 F(X) 2b H

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f ∗ : A(Y ) → A(X)V (RN88@8d- jN)- v mM 7mMiQ` +Qp`BMi2 ( )∗ U//Q f : X → Y KQ`}bKQ T`QTBQRdy b2 iB2M2 f∗ : A(X) → A(Y ) +QM mM dz7Ʀ`KmH +H€bB+Ǵ U*?QrV /2 /Bbi`B#m+BƦMRdR , Red

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Ƣ/2 T`BK2`Q mM QT2`+BƦM /B+BQMH /2 KmHiBTHB++BƦM 2M K(X) K2/BMi2 H 7Ʀ`KmH " γ(F ) · γ(G) = i≥0 (−1)i γ(T ori (F, G))ssoAA U/QM/2 γ(F ) /2MQi H +Hb2 /2 2[mBpH2M+B

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ssoAA

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RkN

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aB;m2 mM H`; b2`B2 /2 `2bmHi/Qb iû+MB+Qb (RN88@8d- 89@e3)- [m2 /2b2K#Q+ 2M UBpV

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Rjd

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Rj3

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

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RN3

RNN

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mM dzHB;2` +QM/B+BƦM /2 b2T`+BƦMǴ (RN83- Rye)- [m2 b2 Tm2/2 Q#i2M2` Q#b2`pM/Q +B2`iQb T`Q/m+iQb /2Mi`Q /2 H +i2;Q`ő 2Mi2` /2 HQb T`2@2b[m2KbkkN X :`Qi?2M/B2+F +QMbB/2` H +i2;Q`ő /2 KQ`}bKQb /2 UT`2V2b[m2Kb f : X → S

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Rey

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U8VX G ȹHiBK b2++BƦM +QMbBbi2 2M mM HBbi/Q- MQi/Q v +QK2Mi/Q- /2 T`Q#H2Kb #B2`iQbkj3 X S`Q#H2K  Udzi2Q`2K /2 /2bpM2+BKB2MiQ /2 EQ/B`Ǵ- 2tT`2b/Q 2M 2H dz+QM@ i2tiQ /2 H :2QK2i`ő H;2#`B+ǴV, bB V 2b mM p`B2// T`Qv2+iBp MQ bBM;mH` /2 /B@ K2MbBƦM n v L 2b mM HőM2 }#`/ M2;iBp bQ#`2 V ǯH i (X, OX (L)) = 0 T` 0 ≤ i < n\ (RN83- RR8)X a2 i`i /2 mM BHmbi`iBpQ 2MH+2 2Mi`2 HQb KûiQ/Qb +Q?QKQHƦ;B+Qb #bi`+iQb v +€H+mHQb +QM+`2iQb 2M }#`/Qb- +QKQ HQ Km2bi` :`Qi?2M/B2+F 2M H /Bb+mbBƦM bm#bB@ ;mB2Mi2 Upő ?BT2`THMQb- BMK2`bBQM2b- 7Q`Kb /B72`2M+BH2b- `2bB/mQb- /BpBbQ`2bV (RN83RRe)X S`Q#H2K " U+€H+mHQ /2 7mMiQ`2b /2`Bp/QbV, bB f : X → Y 2b mM KQ`}bKQ T`Q@

TBQ #B``+BQMHsssoAAA 2Mi`2 p`B2//2b v X MQ 2b bBM;mH`- ǯRq f∗ (OX ) = 0 T` q > 0\ (RN83- RRe)X :`Qi?2M/B2+F BM/B+ [m2- mbM/Q H bm+2bBƦM 2bT2+i`H /2 G2`vsssAs - 2H

T`Q#H2K 2[mBpH2  T`2;mMi`b2 bB- #DQ Hb +QM/B+BQM2b Mi2`BQ`2b- b2 iB2M2M BbQKQ`}bKQb 2Mi`2 H p (X, OX ) v H p (Y, OY ) T` +/ p- 2b /2+B`- bB b2 iB2M2 mM 7Q`K /2 BMp`BMx +Q?QKQHƦ;B+ #B``+BQMHX 1biQ b2 2M+m2Mi` HB;/Q  T`Q#H2Kb `BiKûiB+Qb T`Q7mM/Qb-

+QKQ /2i2+i` bB dz2H ;ûM2`Q `BiKûiB+Q /2 mM p`B2// +QKTH2i MQ bBM;mH` 2b mM BM@ p`BMi2 #B``+BQMHǴ UH;Q bQHQ +QMQ+B/Q T` p`B2//2b +QKTH2Db T`Qv2+iBpbV (RN83RRe)- Q b2;m`` [m2 Hb +Hb2b /2 hQ// `2+2M 2M +Hb2b /2 hQ// UbB;mB2M/Q H 7Ʀ`KmH kj3

dzS` +QM+HmB` 2bi +?`H- /2#2`ő 2MmM+B` H;mMb T`2;mMib MQ `2bm2HibX .2 ?2+?Q 2b iH p2x /2@ KbB/Q T`QMiQ T` ?+2`HQ- Tm2biQ [m2 Hb iû+MB+b /BbTQMB#H2b MQ b2 ?M 2Mbv/Q HQ bm}+B2Mi2K2Mi2 2M b2`BQ T` b#2` bB bQM +T+2b- Q MQ- /2 `2bQHp2` 2bb T`2;mMibǴ (RN83- RR8)X >QM2biB// Mi2 iQ/Q+QMDm;/ +QM H +T+B// pBbBQM`B /2 mM J2bi`QX

sssoAAA

lM KQ`}bKQ f : X → Y 2Mi`2 p`B2//2b 2b #B``+BQMH bB HQ+HK2Mi2- T` /2+m/Qb #B2`iQb /2 X v Y - b2 iB2M2M BbQKQ`}bKQb QiQ`;/Qb

TQ` 7mM+BQM2b `+BQMH2bX SQ` 2D2KTHQ- 2H +ő`+mHQ 2b #B``+BQMHK2Mi2 2[mBpH2Mi2  H HőM2- K2/BMi2 H T`Qv2++BƦM 2bi2`2Q;`€}+X 1H H2K /2 *?Qr }`K [m2 iQ/ p`B2// H;2#`B+ 2b #B``+BQMHK2Mi2 2[mBpH2Mi2  mM p`B2// T`Qv2+iBpX 1H i2Q`2K /2 >B`QMF bQ#`2 dz`2bQHm+BƦM /2 bBM;mH`B//2bǴ URNe9V b2;m` [m2 iQ/ p`B2// +QKTH2D 2b #B``+BQMHK2Mi2 2[mBpH2Mi2  mM p`B2// T`Qv2+iBp bmp2X AMi`őMb2+K2Mi2- H #B``+BQMHB// b2 2M+m2Mi` bő Kmv +2`+M /2 Hb T`2Q+mT+BQM2b /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F- [mB2M bB;mBƦ i2MiK2Mi2 HQb `2bmHi/Qb /2 H;mMQb Ki2K€iB+Qb DTQM2b2b v +?BMQb- +QKQ EQ/B`- >B`QMF- *?Qr- *?2`MX .2 ?2+?Q- +QKQ p2`2KQb 2M Mm2bi` S`i2 AAA #DQ- 2M :`Qi?2M/B2+F b2 +QM2+iM T`Q7mM/K2Mi2 mM 2bTB`BimHB// Q`B2MiH v mM Ki2K€iB+ Q`B2MiH- bB2KT`2 2M #mb+ /2 7Q`Kb 2b+QM/B/b /2 bmpB//X sssAs

G bm+2bBƦM 2bT2+i`H /2 G2`v URN9eV bQ+B/  mM KQ`}bKQ f : X → Y 2b mM KûiQ/Q +H+mHiQ`BQ `2+m`bBpQ T` T`QtBK` H /2i2`KBM+BƦM /2 ;`mTQb /2 +Q?QKQHQ;ő bmT2`BQ`2b- +QM +Q2}+B2Mi2b 2M ?+2b A bQ#`2 X- K2/BMi2 ;`mTQb /2 +Q?QKQHQ;ő /2 /BK2MbBƦM BM72`BQ`- +QM +Q2}+B2Mi2b 2M ?+2b Rq f∗ (A) bQ#`2 Y X

Re9

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

_B2KMM@_Q+?@:`Qi?2M/B2+FV (RN83- RRe)X *QMiBMȹ :`Qi?2M/B2+F, dz>v Qi`b T`2;mMib 2M Hb +mH2b HQb KûiQ/Qb +Q?QKQHƦ;B+Qb v H BMimB+BƦM ?2m`őbiB+ T`QpBbi TQ` 2H TmMiQ /2 pBbi /2 HQb 2b[m2Kb `2bmHi`€M T`Q##H2@ K2Mi2 ȹiBH2bX Gb K€b BKTQ`iMi2b T`2+2M TQ` 2H KQK2MiQ b2` Hb bB;mB2Mi2bǴkjN (RN83RRe)X S`Q#H2K * Ubm#2b[m2Kb v `2/m++BQM2bV, bB X 2b mM 2b[m2K MQ2i?2`BMQ v Y 2b mM bm#2b[m2K +QKTH2iQ /2 X- 2M+QMi`` +QM/B+BQM2b #DQ Hb +mH2b Y Tm2/ dz`2@ /m+B`b2Ǵ U#HQr /QrMV  mM TmMiQ U2b /2+B`- 2M+QMi`` f : X → X ′ KQ`}bKQ T`QTBQ iH [m2

f (Y ) = {y} v X − Y ≈ X ′ − {y}V (RN83- RRe)X G p`B#H2 +QKTH2D 2K2`;2 /2 Mm2pQ [mő2M +QM2tBƦM +QM H i2Q`ő /2 Hb 7mM+BQM2b ?QHQKQ`7b /2 w`BbFB, dzmM +QM/B+BƦM M2+2b`B

UT2`Q MQ bm}+B2Mi2V T` 2H #HQrBM; /QrM UXXXV 2b [m2 2H MBHHQ /2 7mM+BQM2b ?QHQKQ`7b /2 X bQ#`2 Y /2#2 b2` MQ2i?2`BMQ v /2 /BK2MbBƦM E`mHH B;mH  H /BK2MbBƦM /2 XǴ (RN83RRe)X S`Q#H2K . U2b[m2Kb +Q+B2Mi2V, bB G 2b mM 2b[m2K U/2 iBTQ }MBiQV /2 ;`mTQb v H 2b mM bm#2b[m2K U/2 ;`mTQbV +2``/Q /2 G- T`Q#` H 2tBbi2M+B /2H 2b[m2K G/H k9y X S`Q#H2K 1 U+K#BQb /2 #b2 v 2bi`m+im` BM}MBi2bBKHV, bB X 2b mM 2b[m2K T`QTBQ bQ#`2 Y MQ2i?2`BMQ- T`Q#` H 2tBbi2M+B /2 mM 2b[m2K /2 ;`mTQb #2HBMQb bQ#`2 Y [m2 +iȹ2 +QKQ mM p`B2// `2HiBp /2 SB+`/k9R (RN83- RRd)X 1H ȹHiBKQ T€``7Q /2 H *QM72`2M+B kjN

k9y

k9R

1b BMi2`2bMi2 bm#`v` [mő H T`B+BƦM /2 mM dzBMimB+BƦM ?2m`őbiB+ T`QpBbi TQ` 2H TmMiQ /2 pBbi /2 HQb 2b[m2KbǴX 1b mM ?2+?Q [m2 H 2H2p+BƦM ?+B H #bi`++BƦM Q7`2+ő Mm2pb Hb  H BMimB+BƦM ;`Qi?2M/B2+FBMX 1bi2 2b mM i2K [m2 ? bB/Q TQ+Q 2Mi2M/B/Q TQ` HQb +QK2Mi`Bbib /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+Fv ȹM K2MQb TQ` H +QKmMB// Ki2K€iB+ 2M ;2M2`H- [m2 MQ H2 ? H2ő/Q v [m2 +?+  bm Q#` mM 2``ƦM2Q dzbBMb2MiB/Q #bi`+iQǴX SQ` 2H +QMi``BQ- 2M H #bi`++BƦM- H2DQb /2 Q#bi`m++BQM2b T`iB+mH`2bb2 Q#iB2M2M mM b2MiB/Q- mM Q`B2Mi+BƦM v mM BMimB+BƦM 7mM/K2MiH2bX oQHp2`2KQb THBK2Mi2 bQ#`2 2bi2 TmMiQ 2M Mm2bi` S`i2 Ao #DQX :`Qi?2M/B2+F #mb+ bő dzT`QTB2//2b /2 T2`KM2M+BǴ 2M +B2`ib bm#+i2;Q`őb /2 2b[m2KbX _2@ +mû`/2b2 bm BMbBbi2M+B 2M iH2b T`QTB2//2b /2 T2`KM2M+B 2M H h2bBb (RN9N@8j) v 2M 2H hƬ?QFm (RN88@8e)X G +Q?2`2M+B /2 HQb KûiQ/Qb v Hb #ȹb[m2/b b2`€ T2`KM2Mi2 2M bm Q#`X dzLQ /`2KQb [mő H /2}MB+BƦM T`2+Bb /2 mM Ŀ2b[m2K `2HiBpQ /2 SB+`/ŀ- T2`Q TQ/2KQb Q#b2`p` [m2 bB 2bi2 2b[m2K 2tBbi2 2MiQM+2b b2 +QKTQ`i /2 H KM2` K€b b2M+BHH TQbB#H2 +QM `2bT2+iQ H +K#BQ /2 2bT+BQ #b2 Y U[m2 /2#2`ő b2` KB`/Q +QKQ 2H M€HQ;Q /2H +K#BQ /2 mM +KTQ #b2VX J€b ȹM- 2H ?2+?Q /2 [m2 /KBiBKQb MBHTQi2Mi2b 2M HQb MBHHQb HQ+H2b T`Qp22 mM ;`M +MiB// /2 BM7Q`K+BƦM /B+BQMH bQ#`2 H p`B2// /2 SB+`/ U2bT2+BHK2Mi2 bm 2bi`m+im` BM}MBi2bBKHV- [m2 MQ

8X h>1 *P>PJPGP:u h>1P_u P6 "ah_*h G:1"_A* o_A1hA1a URN83V

Re8

A*J TmMi H 7mim`Q, *QKQ ?2+?Q #biMi2 ;2M2`H- b2 +`22 [m2 mM K2DQ` 2Mi2M/BKB2MiQ 2M +mH[mB2` T`i2 /2 H :2QK2i`ő H;2#`B+- ȹM 2M Hb K€b +H€bB+b- b2 Q#i2M/`€ i`iM/Q /2 `2@2MmM+B` iQ/Qb HQb ?2+?Qb v T`Q#H2Kb 2M 2H +QMi2tiQ /2 HQb 2b[m2KbX 1H i`#DQ ? v +QK2Mx/Q v b2`€ HH2p/Q  +#Q 2M mM i`i/Q bQ#`2 :2QK2i`ő H;2#`B+ [m2- b2 2bT2`- b2`€ 2b+`BiQ 2M HQb T`ƦtBKQb ƢQb TQ` CX .B2m/QMMû v TQ` Kő- v [m2 /2#2 T`Qp22` mM `2+m2MiQ bBbi2K€iB+Q /2 iQ/b Hb T`2;mMib K2M+BQM/b 2M 2bi +?`H (RN83- RRd)X

bő- H pBbBƦM ;`Qi?2M/B2+FBM MQ bQHQ ?QM/ 2M ;`M/2b B/2b v 2M ;`M/2b `[mBi2+iƦMB@ +b- [m2 bm#bmK2M HQ +H€bB+Q v HQ T`iB+mH` /2Mi`Q /2 HQ +QMi2KTQ`€M2Q v HQ mMBp2`bHbBMQ b2 /2Mi` iK#BûM 2M H +QMbi`m++BƦM T`€+iB+ /2 mM +QKmMB//- pő bm +QH#Q@ `+BƦM +QM .B2m/QMMû v H 7Q`K+BƦM /2H A>1a Up2` Mm2bi`Q *TőimHQ d #DQVX bQK#`Qb +QK#BM+BƦM /2 BMimB+BƦM- i`/m++BƦM- +QM+BbBƦM- T`QbT2++BƦM v i2bƦM- H *QM72`2M+B A*J /2#2 +HB#``b2 bBM /m/ +QKQ mMQ /2 HQb HiQb KQK2MiQb `2p2H/Q`2b 2M H Ki2K€iB+ /2H bB;HQ p2BMi2X

8Xk

aőMi2bBb +QM+2TimH

G *QM72`2M+B A*J (RN83) /2#2 bm `B[m2x  mM #mM/Mi2 KmHiBTHB+B// /2 MBp2H2biMiQ 2M HQb +QM+2TiQb- /2}MB+BQM2b- 2MmM+B/Qb v 2D2KTHQb Ki2K€iB+Qb- +QKQ 2M H 2b@ +`Bim` KBbK /2H i`#DQ- bB2KT`2 Qb+BHMi2 2Mi`2 HQ T`2+BbQ v HQ bm;2`2Mi2X 1H +Q`xƦM /2 H +QM72`2M+B b2 /B`B;2  mMQ /2 HQb Mȹ+H2Qb 2b2M+BH2b /2 H Ki2K€iB+, H /BHû+iB+ 2Mi`2 HQ /Bb+`2iQ v HQ +QMiBMmQX Gb +QMD2im`b /2 q2BH Up2` LQi ssAs ``B#- TX R89V +QMb@ iBimv2M mM 2tT`2bBƦM T`2+Bb /2 2b /BHû+iB+- 2 BMi`Q/m+2M 2M 2H €K#BiQ /2 HQ }MBi`BQ U+m`pb bQ#`2 +KTQb /2 :HQBbV Hb ?2``KB2Mib /2 HQ +QMiBMmQ U7mM+BƦM w2i /2 _B2@ KMM 2tTM/B/ H 2bim/BQ /2 2ti2MbBQM2b H;2#`B+b- pő H 2b+m2H H2KM /2 >BH#2`i T`2+2 ?#2`b2 Q#i2MB/Q MB bB[mB2` 2M 2H +bQ +H€bB+QǴ (RN83- RR8)X .2#2M 2M7iBx`b2 H b2M+BHH2x Upő +K#BQb /2 #b2V v H bmpB// Upő MBHTQi2Mi2b /B72`2M+BH2bV K2M+BQM/b TQ` :`Qi?2M/B2+FX

Ree

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

2M i2Q`ő /2 MȹK2`Qb 2M H /û+/ /2 HQb RNkyb, `iBM- >bb2- >2+F2VX .2bTmûb /2 H BMi`Q@ /m++BƦM /2 HQb 2b[m2Kb Ua2``2- *?2pHH2v- L;i- RN88@8eV- /QM/2 b2 T2;#M 2bT+BQb }M2b- H MQ+BƦM /2 2b[m2K #bi`+iQ T`QTm2bi TQ` :`Qi?2M/B2+F 2M H *QM72`2M+B A*J T2; MBHHQb HQ+H2b bQ#`2 2H 2bT2+i`Q /2 B/2H2b T`BKQb /2 mM MBHHQ +QMKmiiBpQ mMBi`BQ `#Bi``BQX G ;2M2`HBx+BƦM UKTHB+BƦM /2H 2bT+BQ H;2#`B+Q@iQTQHƦ;B+QV `2bmHi b2` H ?2``KB2Mi `2[m2`B/ T` TQ/2` 2bim/B` Hb p`B2//2b H;2#`B+b bQ#`2 mM +KTQ k /2 +`+i2`őbiB+ p U2MiQ`MQ /Bb+`2iQ /2 HQb T`BK2`Qb 2b[m2Kb a2``2@*?2pHH2v@L;iV K2/BMi2 /2+m/Qb ;`mTQb /2 +Q?QKQHQ;ő +QM +Q2}+B2Mi2b 2M mM +KTQ F /2 +`+i2`őb@ iB+ y U2MiQ`MQ +QMiBMmQ /QM/2 b2 Tm2/2M miBHBx` Hb iû+MB+b iBTQ G27b+?2ix T` +QMi2Q /2 TmMiQb- p2` LQi sss ``B#- TX R89VX u2M/Q ȹM K€b HH€- T`2+2 H ;2MBHB// /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F 2M 2bi/Q Tm`Q, H BMimB+BƦM /2 [m2 HQb 2b[m2Kb ûiH2b Up2` #DQ- Mm2b@ i` a2++BƦM 8XjV b2`€M T`2+BbK2Mi2 [m2HHQb [m2 T2`KBiB`€M +QMbi`mB` Hb ?2``KB2Mib +Q?QKQHƦ;B+b #mb+/b T` i`MbBi` 2Mi`2 HQ /Bb+`2iQ v HQ +QMiBMmQ- 2M 2H +bQ /2 Hb +QMD2im`b /2 q2BHX aB 2H 2MmM+B/Q /2 Hb +QMD2im`b /2 q2BH URN9NV Tm2/2 2Mi2M/2`b2 +QKQ H +mHKBM+BƦM /2 H Ki2K€iB+ KQ/2`M U?2``KB2Mib /2 €H;2#` #bi`+i v /2 iQTQHQ;ő +QMDmMiBbi T` #Q`/` H i2Q`ő /2 MȹK2`Qb, 2MH+2 2bT+BQ@MȹK2`Q KQ/2`MQV- bm T`Q;`2bBp `2bQHm@ +BƦM #DQ H 2b+m2H /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F URN83@d9V Tm2/2 p2`b2 +QKQ 2H BMB+BQ /2 H Ki2K€iB+ +QMi2KTQ`€M2 U?2``KB2Mib /2 €H;2#` ?QKQHƦ;B+ v /2 iQTQHQ;ő +i2;Ʀ`B+ T` ?QM@ /` 2M H i2Q`ő /2 MȹK2`Qb, 2MH+2 +QMi2KTQ`€M2Q 2bT+BQ@MȹK2`Q f iQTQb@2b[m2KbVk9k X 1M 2b TMQTHB /2 T`QbT2++BQM2b 7mim`b- H *QM72`2M+B A*J (RN83) /[mB2`2 mM b2MiB/Q 2bT2+BH, 2b mM /2 Hb Tm2`ib #iB2Mi2b- mMQ /2 HQb BMi2`+K#B/Q`2b- mMQ /2 HQb 2D2b /2 k9k

S` mM 2bim/BQ 2ti2MbQ /2H /2bHBM/2 2Mi`2 HQ KQ/2`MQ v HQ +QMi2KTQ`€M2Q- H`2/2/Q` /2 H /û+/ /2 HQb ƢQb +BM+m2Mi- /2bHBM/2 HB;/Q 2M #m2M K2/B/  H T`B+BƦM /2 HQb ?+2b v  H 2K2`;2M+B /2 H };m` /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F- pûb2 6X wHK2X 6BHQbQ7øœ bBMiûiB+ /2 Hb Ki2K€iB+b +QMi2KTQ`€M2bX "Q;Qi€, lMBp2`bB// L+BQMH /2 *QHQK#B- kyyNX

8X h>1 *P>PJPGP:u h>1P_u P6 "ah_*h G:1"_A* o_A1hA1a URN83V

Red

mM Hm;` i2`+2`QtHpBB - /QM/2 b2 i`Mbf7Q`K 2H T2MbKB2MiQ Ki2K€iB+Q /2H bB;HQ ssX 1M #m2M K2/B/- H pBbBƦM TMƦTiB+ /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F v 2M;HQ# 2MiQM+2bk9j bmb BMp2biB;@ +BQM2b T`BM+BTH2b /2 H /û+/ /2 HQb b2b2Mi Up2` #DQ- 2b[m2Kb 1: (RN8N@e9)- iQTQb a: (RNey@eN) v KQiBpQb (RNe3)- Mm2bi`Qb *TőimHQb d- 3- NVX G 2bi`m+im` KBbK /2 H *QM72`2M+B A*J (RN83) Q7`2+2 mMQb BMi2`2bMi2b `2~2DQb 2Mi`2 2H KûiQ/Q v Hb iû+MB+bX SQ` mM H/Q- mM `[mBi2+iƦMB+ ;2M2`H U+i2;Q`ő /2 2b[m2Kb bQ#`2 mM 2b[m2K #b2 //QV /2D pBbHmK#`` +B2`iQb TBbQb 2M 2H 2/B}+BQ U2b@ [m2Kb ûiH2bV- [m2 T2`KBi2M Tm2Mi2b +QM Qi`Qb +QMbi`m+iQb U+Q?QKQHQ;ő ûiH2V v vm/M  `bi`2` HQb i`€MbBiQb #mb+/Qb 2Mi`2 HQb Q#D2iQb U+QMD2im`b /2 q2BHVX SQ` Qi`Q H/Q- Hb /2}MB+BQM2b iû+MB+b +2Mi`H2b UKQ`}bKQ T`QTBQ- 2b[m2K bQ#`2 mM T`2@2b[m2KV +QMpQ+M H `[mBi2+iƦMB+ ;2M2`H- K2/BMi2 T`Q+2bQb /2 +mMiB}++BƦM bQ#`2 iQ/Qb HQb KQ`}bKQb /2 H +i2;Q`őX 1M 2b2 B` v p2MB` 2Mi`2 2H iQ/Q v H T`i2- 2Mi`2 HQ #bi`+iQ v HQ +QM+`2iQ2Mi`2 HQ +i2;Ʀ`B+Q v HQ MmKû`B+Q- b2 bBiȹ `2HK2Mi2 2H `i2 ;`Qi?2M/B2+FBMQX am KM2` 2b [m2HH /2H K2/B/Q`- /2H `KQMBx/Q`- /2H bmpBx/Q` 2Mi`2 HQb QTm2biQbX SQ` mM H/QH BMpbBƦM /2H K` U+i2;Q`őb /2 2b[m2KbV p 2`QbBQMM/Q HQb +MiBH/Qb- /2 /QM/2 bm`;2M bmp2b bm2HQb /2 `2MX SQ` Qi`Q H/Q- H 2tTHQbBƦM /2H pQH+€M U7mH;m`+BƦM /2 HQ ûiH2V p /2DM/Q Hpb BM+M/2b+2Mi2b- /2 /QM/2 b2 7Q`KM bmp2b T`2/2b /2 ƦMBtX 1M 2H 2M+m2Mi`Q /2H K` v 2H pQH+€M pBp2 HQ K2DQ` /2 H KM2` ;`Qi?2M/B2+FBMk99 X k9j k99

tHpBB

o2` #DQ Mm2bi` a2++BƦM 8Xj- /QM/2 `2+m``B`2KQb  HQb i2biBKQMBQb /2H KBbKQ :`Qi?2M/B2+F 2M _û+QHi2b 2i b2KBHH2b (RN3j@3e)X 1M H i2Q`ő /2H `i2 /2 HQb bB;HQb soA v soAA- H KMB2` b2 2M+m2Mi` 2M 2H Mȹ+H2Q /2 Hb /Bb+mbBQM2b +`őiB+b bQ#`2 HQb dzKQ/Qb /2 ?+2`Ǵ UBMp2Mi`- +`2`V /2 HQb ;`M/2b TBMiQ`2bX H /2;2M2`` KMB2` 2M dzKMB2`BbKQǴ- 2K2`;2 TQbi2`BQ`K2Mi2 H MQ+BƦM /2 2biBHQ +QKQ bm#biBimiQ +QM+2TimH T` +Ti` Hb +i2;Q`őb KvQ`2b /2 H ?BbiQ`B /2H `i2 U#``Q+Q- +H€bB+Q- `QK€MiB+Q- 2i+XV G KM2` /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F #`2 2M #m2M K2/B/ 2H 2biBHQ /2 Hb Ki2K€iB+b +QMi2KTQ`€M2b URN8y@?QvVX 1tTHQ``2KQb 2M Mm2bi` S`i2 Ao #DQ- T`iB+mH`K2Mi2 2M HQb *TőimHQb R3- RN- H;mMQb +QMi`TmMiQb /2 H KM2` /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F +QM H KM2` /2 2b+`BiQ`2b- `iBbib v KȹbB+Qb }M2bX oûb2 JX a2``2bX iHbX J/`B/, *€i2/`- RNN8- TTX kN@jRX

Re3

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

GQb i2Kb K€b MQp2/QbQb /2 H *QM72`2M+B A*J iB2M2M [m2 p2` /B`2+iK2Mi2 +QM 7Q`Kb bQ}biB+/b /2 bmpBx+BƦM, UBV BMimB` mM [mB2#`2 +QM+2TimH 2M 2H 2Mi2M/BKB2MiQ /2 Hb +QMD2im`b /2 q2BH H`2/2/Q` /2H +QM+2TiQ /2 MQ `KB7B++BƦM- 2MHxM/Q 2M HQ T`Q7mM/Q :HQBb Ub2T`#BHB//- MQ KmHiBTHB+B// /2 Hb `ő+2bV v _B2KMM UMQ `KB7B++BƦM 2M mM TmMiQ MQ bBM;mH` /2 mM bmT2`7B+B2Vk98 (RN83- Ry9)- UBBV BK;BM` HQb 2b[m2Kb +QKQ 2ti2MbBƦM HB#`2 /2H MBHHQ /2 K2`QKQ`7b bQ#`2 mM p`B2// +QKTH2D U_B2KMMV v /2H 2bT2+i`Q /2 mM p`B2// H;2#`B+ U:[email protected]/2FBM/V (RN83- Rye)- UBBBV T2`KBiB` v T`Qp2+?` HQb MBHTQi2Mi2b 2M HQb MBHHQb HQ+H2b T` TQ/2` /2b``QHH` mM +€H+mHQ /B72`2M+BH HQ+H (RN83- Rye)- UBpV 2bim/B` 2H +QKTQ`iKB2MiQ `2HiBpQ /2 HQb 2b[m2Kb Upő KQ`}bKQb T`QTBQbV- HQ [m2 iQ`M K€b TH€biB+Qb HQb Q#D2iQb 2M Dm2;Q (RN83- Ryd)- UpV bm#`v` mM ~2tB#BHBx+BƦM /2 _B2KMM@_Q+? 2M 2H €K#BiQ ;2M2`H /2 HQb 2b[m2Kb (RN83- Ry3)- UpBV +H+mH` HQb ;`mTQb /2 +Q?QKQHQ;ő T` ?+2b +Q?2`2Mi2b v bmb 7mMiQ`2b /2`Bp/Qb K2/BMi2 7Q`Kb #bi`+ib /2 mM +Q?QKQHQ;ő ?QHQKQ`7 (RN83- Ry3@RRR)- UpBBV Q#i2M2` i2Q`2Kb /2 /mHB// T` 2H +bQ /2 2b[m2Kb /2 iBTQ }MBiQ (RN83- RR8)X SQ` Qi` T`i2- +/ mMQ /2 HQb TmMiQb UBV@UpBBV Mi2`BQ`2b BKTHB+ mM p2`//2` `2+QMbi`m++BƦM /2 H ;2QK2i`ő H;2#`B+, 2ti2MbBƦM /2 H MQ+BƦM /2 p`B2//- `2HiBpBx+BƦM /2 +QM+2TiQb v Q#D2iQb- BMi`Q/m++BƦM /2 Mm2pb +Q?QKQHQ;őb- i`/m++BƦM ?+B +`+i2`őb@ iB+ +2`Q- ?+B}++BƦM  mHi`MxX PB;KQb  .B2m/QMMû 2M bm T`2b2Mi+BƦM /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F T` H J2/HH 6B2H/b RNee, 1M H +QM72`2M+B [m2 T`QMmM+BƦ 2M 2H *QM;`2bQ AMi2`M+BQMH /2 1/BK#m`;Q 2M RN83- K2M@ +BQM TQ` p2x T`BK2` 2H ;`M /2bB;MBQ [m2 2bi`€ 2M 2H +2Mi`Q /2 bmb T`2Q+mT+BQM2b /m`Mi2 /B2x ƢQb, /2}MB`- T` Hb p`B2//2b H;2#`B+b bQ#`2 mM +KTQ /2 +`+i2`őbiB+ p > 0;`mTQb /2 +Q?QKQHQ;ő +QM +Q2}+B2Mi2b 2M mM +m2`TQ /2 +`+i2`őbiB+ y- +QM Hb T`QTB2//2b 2MmK2`/b TQ` q2BH T` T`Q#` bmb 7KQbb +QMD2im`bX aBM `2p2H` ȹM HQb /2iHH2b /2H KûiQ/Q [m2 pBbHmK#`# T` HQ;``HQ- :`Qi?2M/B2+F +QM+B#2 [m2 T` 2HHQ /2#2 T`Q+2/2`  mM `27mM/B+BƦM /2 iQ/ H :2QK2i`ő H;2#`B+ UXXXV "Qb[m2D HQb i`xQb T`BM+BTH2b- [m2 k98

1biQ HH2p`€  Hb MQ+BQM2b /2 HBbm` ûiH2 2M 1: (RN8N@e9)- T2`Q- T` MiB+BT+BQM2b- p2` Mm2bi` a2++BƦM 8Xj #DQX

8X h>1 *P>PJPGP:u h>1P_u P6 "ah_*h G:1"_A* o_A1hA1a URN83V

ReN

?#`ő /2 /2b``QHH` 2M HQb KBH2b /2 T€;BMb /2 `iő+mHQb v /2 b2KBM`BQb [m2 b2 +QMQ+2M UXXXV hmpQ 2H Kû`BiQ /2 p2` [m2- T` i2M2` mM B/2 Dmbi /2 HQ [m2 /2#ő b2` H :2QK2i`ő H;2#`B+- ?#ő [m2 HB#2``b2 /2 iQ/b Hb `2bi`B++BQM2b [m2 };m`#M 2M Hb /Bp2`bb /2}MB@ +BQM2b UXXXV am#`vƦ /Qb +`+i2`2b T`2/QKBMMi2b [m2 [m2`ő /`H2  bm i2Q`őX lMQ- TQM2` 2M T`BK2` THMQ 2H 2bim/BQ /2 HQb KQ`}bKQb- 2M p2x /2H 2bim/BQ /2 HQb 2b[m2Kb UXXXV Pi`Q2ti2M/2` Hb iû+MB+b /2 +Q?QKQHQ;ő /2 ?+2b BMm;m`/b TQ` a2``2k9e X

G T2`+2T+BƦM /2 .B2m/QMMû- +QH#Q`/Q` őMiBKQ /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F 2M 2H [mBM[m2MBQ bB;mB2M@ i2- bm#`v 2H Hm;` TBpQi2 /2 H *QM72`2M+B A*J (RN83), pBbBƦM- `27mM/B+BƦM- 2b[m2KiB@ x+BƦMk9d - HB#2`+BƦM- `2HiBpBx+BƦM- ?+B}++BƦMX

8Xj

1D2KTHQ /2iHH/Q, 2K2`;2M+B /2 HQ ûiH2

1M /Bp2`bQb Hm;`2b /2 _û+QHi2b 2i b2KBHH2b- :`Qi?2M/B2+F BM/B+ +ƦKQ- 2M H ûTQ+ /2 H *QM72`2M+B A*J (RN83)- 2K2`;2M bBKmHi€M2K2Mi2 p`Bb /2 Hb B/2b T`BM+BTH2b Ĝ +#HHQ 2Mi`2 2b[m2Kb v iQTQbĜ [m2 /2b``QHH`€ 2M HQb ƢQb bB;mB2Mi2bk93 , 1M 2H /2b``QHHQ /2 H;mMQb /2 KBb i2Kb T`BM+BTH2b- Hb +QMD2im`b /2 q2BH b2 KMimpB2`QM +QKQ KB T`BM+BTH 7m2Mi2 /2 BMbTB`+BƦM- 2Mi`2 RN83 v RNeNX (LQi H TB2,) GQb i2Kb bQM HQb iQTQb- H +Q?QKQHQ;ő ûiH2 v l@€/B+- HQb KQiBpQb v U2M K2MQ` K2/B/V HQb +`BbiH2bX .2bT2Dû 2bQb i2Kb- mMQ /2bTmûb /2 Qi`Q- 2Mi`2 RN83 v RNee (RN3j@3e- SXjy)X G MQ+BƦM /2 bBiBQ Q /2 dziQTQHQ;ő /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+FǴ Up2`bBƦM T`QpBbBQMH /2 H MQ+BƦM /2 iQTQbV T`2+BƦ 2M 2H bm`+Q BMK2/BiQ /2 H MQ+BƦM /2 2b[m2KX 1b 2HH H [m2  bm p2x T`Qp22 2H Mm2pQ H2M;mD2 /2 dzHQ+HBx+BƦMǴ Q dz/2b+2MbQǴ- miBHBx/Q 2M +/ TbQ 2M 2H /2b``QHHQ /2H i2K`BQ v 2H BMbi`mK2Mi`BQ 2b[m2K€iB+QbX G MQ+BƦM K€b BMi`őMb2+ v K€b ;2QKûi`B+ /2 iQTQb- BKTHő+Bi  HQ H`;Q /2 HQb ƢQb bB;mB2Mi2b- b2 /2bT2D bQ#`2 iQ/Q  T`iB` /2 RNej+QM 2H /2b``QHHQ /2 H +Q?QKQHQ;ő ûiH2- v b2 BKTQM2 TQ+Q  TQ+Q +QKQ H MQ+BƦM K€b 7mM/K2MiH (RN3j@3e- SXjR- MQi H TB2)X k9e k9d k93

.B2m/QMMû- ƦTX+BiX- TTX e@3- ûM7bBb /2 .B2m/QMMûX 1M mM /Q#H2 b2MiB/Q /B;`K€iB+Q, 2H#Q`+BƦM /2 +i2;Q`őb /2 2b[m2Kb v `2HBx+BƦM /2 mM dz#Qb[m2DQ /2 i`xQb T`BM+BTH2bǴ /2H TMQ`K ;2M2`HX oûb2 iK#BûM H +Bi 2ti2Mb ``B#- TX R93X

Rdy

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

1b2 dz``M+` +QM 7m2`xǴ /2 H i2Q`ő /2 HQb 2b[m2Kb 2b 2H Q#D2iQ /2 KB 2tTQbB+BƦM 2M 2H *QM;`2bQ AMi2`M+BQMH /2 Ji2K€iB+Qb 2M 1/BK#m`;Q- 2M RN83X 1H i2tiQ /2 2b 2tTQbB+BƦM K2 T`2+2 b2` mM /2 Hb K2DQ`2b BMi`Q/m++BQM2b H TmMiQ /2 pBbi /2 HQb 2b[m2Kb- T` UiH p2xV KQiBp` mM H2+iQ` ;2QKûi`B+Q  7KBHB`Bx`b2- KH [m2 #B2M- +QM 2H BKTQM2Mi2 i`i/Q UmHi2`BQ`V dz1H2K2MiQb /2 :2QK2i`ő H;2#`B+Ǵ (RN8N@e9)- /QM/2 b2 2tTQM2M /2 KM2` /2iHH/ Uv bBM T2`/QM` MBM;ȹM /2iHH2 iû+MB+QV HQb Mm2pQb 7mM/K2MiQb v Hb Mm2pb iû+MB+b /2 H ;2QK2i`ő H;2#`B+ (RN3j@3e- SXjj- MQi H TB2)X *mM/Q ?#HQ /2 dzHH2p`  +#Q 2b B/2 KQ/2biǴ- b2 i`i /2 H B/2 /2 H +Q?QKQHQ;ő ûiH2 +QKQ T`QtBK+BƦM ?+B Hb +QMD2im`b /2 q2BHX AMbTB`/Q TQ` 2b2 T`QTƦbBiQ /2b+m#`ő H MQ+BƦM /2 bBiBQ 2M RN83- v 2b MQ+BƦM UQ H MQ+BƦM Kmv +2`+M /2 iQTQbV v 2H 7Q`KHBbKQ +Q?QKQHƦ;B+Q ûiH2 b2 /2b``QHH`QM 2Mi`2 RNek v RNee #DQ KB BKTmHbQ U+QM H bBbi2M+B /2 H;mMQb +QH#Q`/Q`2bV (RN3j@3e- SX9k- MQi H TB2)X UXXXV RN83 2b 2H ƢQ 2M [m2 T`2+B2`QM- mMQ bQ#`2 Qi`Q- 2H i2K 2b[m2K€iB+Q v [m2H /2 HQb iQTQb UXXXV (RN3j@3e- SX93)X 1H T`BM+BTBQ /2 H /2}MB+BƦM /2 H +Q?QKQHQ;ő ûiH2 b+B2M/2  RN83- v T`Q#û HQb dz`2bmHi/Qb +Hp2Ǵ M2+2b`BQb v bm}+B2Mi2b T` 2H 7Q`KHBbKQ +QKTH2iQ UBM+HmB/Qb HQb i2Q`2Kb /2 iBTQ dzG27b+?2ix /û#BHǴ v Hb MQ+BQM2b /2 T`Q7mM/B// +Q?QKQHƦ;B+ 2M 2H +QMi2tiQ ûiH2V 2M 72#`2`Q v K`xQ RNej (RN3j@3e- 9X39k)X UXXXV mM T`BK2` TbQ /2 Mim`H2x +QM+2TimH- mM TbQ dzBM7MiBHǴ- b2 T`2+2  [m2H [m2 ?B+2 U2M RN83V H BMi`Q/m+B` H MQ+BƦM /2 ?x ûiH2 U+QMi2MB2M/Q 2M ;2`K2M H MQ+BƦM mMB}+/Q` +`m+BH /2 iQTQbV (RN3j@3e- 9XNNy)X

.2 2bi KM2`- 2M 2H `2+m2MiQ ?BbiƦ`B+Q [m2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F ?+2 /2 bm Q#`- 2H ƢQ RN83 T`2+2 U+bB i`2b /û+/b /2bTmûbV +QKQ mM KQK2MiQ 2bT2+BH /QM/2 b2 dz/2bT2DMǴ v b2 +QK#BMM Hb B/2b BMB+BH2b /2 2b[m2Kb- iQTQb v iû+MB+b ûiH2b- [m2 HH2p`€M  H `2bQHm+BƦM /2 Hb +QMD2im`b /2 q2BHk9N X k9N

:`Qi?2M/B2+F ?#H  K2Mm/Q /2 H +Q?2`2M+B ;2M2`H /2 bm Q#`- mM +`+i2`őbiB+ 2M H +mH ?2KQb BMbBbiB/Q 2M 2bi KQMQ;`7őX 1M T`iB+mH`- 2b 7mM/K2MiH T` :`Qi?2M/B2+F H +Q?2`2M+B /2 bm pBbBƦM ûiH2 T` H `2bQHm+BƦM /2 Hb +QMD2im`b /2 q2BHX 1M _û+QHi2b 2i b2KBHH2b- 2tTHB+ mM bBim+BƦM Kmv /QHQ`Qb T` ûH- +mM/Q +`BiB+ dz2H b2MiB/Q T`Q7mM/Q /2 H QT2`+BƦM a: 9 12 - [m2 TmMi  ?+2` 2tTHQi`- 2M mM +QMDmMiQ KQ`7Q /2 Ŀ/B;`2bBQM2b iû+MB+bŀ H mMB// T`Q7mM/ /2 KB Q#` H`2/2/Q` /2 H +Q?QKQHQ;ő ûiH2- K2/BMi2 H ĿBMb2`+BƦM pBQH2Miŀ /2H i2tiQ 7Q`€M2Q a: 9 12 2Mi`2 Hb /Qb T`i2b BM/BbQHm#H2b a: 9 v a: 8 [m2 /2b``QHHM 2b Q#`Ǵ (RN3j@3e- kXjed- MQi H TB2- Mm2bi`Q ûM7bBb)X oQHp2`2KQb bQ#`2 2bi2 i2K #DQ- 2M Mm2bi`Qb *TőimHQb 3- R9, H 2M2KBbi/ +QM SB2``2 .2HB;M2- miQ` /2H a: 9 12 - impQ Km+?Q [m2 p2` +QM H dzBM+QKT`2MbBƦMǴ K2iQ/QHƦ;B+ /2 bm /Bb+őTmHQ- H ?#2` BMi`Q/m+B/Q 7m2`i2b +QKTQM2Mi2b dz`iB}+BH2bǴ 2M 2H 2MiQ`MQ dzMim`HǴ /2 HQ ûiH2X

8X h>1 *P>PJPGP:u h>1P_u P6 "ah_*h G:1"_A* o_A1hA1a URN83V

RdR

.2#2KQb pQHp2` ?Q`  H b2;mM/ T€;BM /2 H *QM72`2M+B A*J- +QM bm bQK#`Qb T`QbT2++BƦM, UXXXV S`2+2 b2;m`Q ?Q` [m2 H +Q?QKQHQ;ő /2 q2BH /2#2 b2` /2}MB/ TQ` mM T`QtBK+BƦM +QKTH2iK2Mi2 /B72`2Mi2X lM iH T`QtBK+BƦM `2+B2Mi2K2Mi2 b2 K2 `2p2HƦ TQ` Hb +QM2tBQ@ M2b 2Mi`2 H +Q?QKQHQ;ő /2 ?+2b v H +Q?QKQHQ;ő /2 ;`mTQb /2 :HQBb- TQ` mM H/Q- v TQ` H +HbB}++BƦM /2 HQb +m#`BKB2MiQb MQ `KB7B+/Qb /2 mM p`B2//- TQ` Qi`Q H/Q UXXXV (RN83Ry9- ûM7bBb /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F)X

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Rdd

U*V h2+?MB[m2b /2 +QMbi`m+iBQM 2M ;ûQKûi`B2 MHviB[m2 (RNeR) UHQb MȹK2`Qb (xXy) 2Mi`2 T`ûMi2bBb +m/`/Qb `2KBi2M  H T€;BM y /2 H 2tTQbB+BƦM xVX dzAX .2b+`BT+BƦM tBQK€iB+ /2H 2bT+BQ /2 h2B+?KɃHH2` v /2 bmb p`BMi2bǴ (dXR@dXjj) URN .B+B2K#`2 RNey v N 1M2`Q RNeRVX dzAAX :2M2`HB//2b bQ#`2 2bT+BQb MBHH/Qb v 2bT+BQb MHőiB+QbǴ (NXR@NXR9) URe 1M2`Q RNeRVX dzAAAX S`Q/m+iQb }#`/Qb /2 2bT+BQb MHőiB+QbǴ (RyXR@RyXRR) Ukj 1M2`Q RNeRVX dzAoX 6Q`KHBbKQ ;2M2`H /2 HQb 7mMiQ`2b `2T`2b2Mi#H2bǴ (RRXR@RRXk3) Ujy 1M2`Q RNeRVX dzoX 6B#`/Qb p2+iQ`BH2b- }#`/Qb T`Qv2+iBpQb- }#`/Qb 2M #M/2`Ǵ (RkXR@RkXR8) Ue 62#`2`Q RNeRVX dzoAX 1bim/BQ HQ+H /2 KQ`}bKQb, ;û`K2M2b /2 2bT+BQb MHőiB+Qb- THiBim/KQ`}bKQb bBKTH2bǴ (RjXR@RjXRj) Uky v kd 62#`2`Q RNeRVX dzoAAX 1bim/BQ HQ+H /2 KQ`}bKQb, 2H2K2MiQb /2 +€H+mHQ BM}MBi2bBKHǴ (R9XR@R9Xkd) Ue v ky J`xQ RNeRVX dzoAAAX _2TQ`i2 bQ#`2 HQb i2Q`2Kb /2 }MBim/ /2 :`m2`i v _2KK2`iǴ (R8XR@R8XRy) URy #`BH RNeRVX dzAsX H;mMQb T`Q#H2Kb /2 KƦ/mHQbǴ (ReXR@ReXky) URd v k9 #`BH RNeRVX dzsX *QMbi`m++BƦM /2H 2bT+BQ /2 h2B+?KɃHH2`Ǵ (RdXR@RdXky) U3 JvQ RNeRVX 1D2KTHQ /2 2bi`i2;B +QM+2TimHX 1H Q#D2iBpQ +QMbBbi2 2M +QMbi`mB` mM 2bT+BQ MHőiB+Q /2 `2T`2b2Mi+BƦM mMBp2`bH Udz2bT+BQ /2 h2B+?KɃHH2`ǴV [m2 +HbB}[m2 Hb /2K€b +m`pb H@ ;2#`B+b bQ#`2 HQb 2bT+BQb MHőiB+Qb (dX3)X :`Qi?2M/B2+F /2b+`B#2 tBQK€iB+K2Mi2 Hb T`QTB2//2b 7mMiQ`BH2b (dXe) [m2 /2#2 p2`B}+` 2b2 2bT+BQ- v +QM/B+BQM i2Q`2K€iB+K2Mi2 bm 2tBbi2M+B U;HQ#HV  H 2tBbi2M+B /2 mM D2``[mő 2b+HQM/ UHQ+HV /2 7mMiQ`2b }@ #`Mi2b Udz7mMiQ`2b /2 C+Q#BǴV [m2 T2`KBiM +QMi`QH` 2H MȹK2`Q /2 miQKQ`}bKQb /2 Hb 2bi`m+im`b 2M Dm2;Q U7mMiQ`2b `ő;B/QbV (dXjk)X  bm p2x- H 2tTHB+Bi+BƦM /2 2bib +QM/B@ +BQM2b iû+MB+b b2 +QMbB;m2 TQ` K2/BQ /2 `2+m#`BKB2MiQb v ++BQM2b /2 ;`mTQ (dXR3@dXkR)+K#BQb /2 #b2 (dXk) v QT2`+BQM2b HB#`2b bQ#`2 HQb KBbKQb 7mMiQ`2b `ő;B/Qb (dXkd)X LQb 2M+QMi`KQb bő Mi2 mM p2`//2` Ki2K€iB+ 2M KQpBKB2MiQ- mM Ki2K€iB+ `2HiBp [m2- MQ Q#biMi2- T2`KBi2 2M+QMi`` +B2`iQb BMp`BMi2b mMBp2`bH2b Udz2bT+BQ /2 h2B+?@ KɃHH2`ǴV /2#B/Q  H p`B+BƦM KBbK /2 HQb Q#D2iQb Ki2K€iB+Qb HQ+H2b-  HQ H`;Q /2 mM }M D2``[mő /2 K2/B+BQM2b [m2 / Hm;` H Q#D2iQ Ki2K€iB+Q ;HQ#HX

Rd3

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

.2b+`BT+BƦM K€b 2ti2MbX 1M 2bi bm#b2++BƦM MQb `2/m+B`2KQb  /2b+`B#B` K€b 2ti2MbK2Mi2 H;mMb /2 Hb +QM72@ `2M+Bb Q7`2+B/b TQ` :`Qi?2M/B2+F 2M 2H aûKBMB`2 *`iM RNey@eR, h2+?MB[m2b /2 +QMb@ i`m+iBQM 2M ;ûQKûi`B2 MHviB[m2 (RNeR)X G T`BK2` BMi2`p2M+BƦM- dzAX .2b+`BT+BƦM tBQ@ K€iB+ /2H 2bT+BQ /2 h2B+?KɃHH2` v /2 bmb p`BMi2bǴ URN .B+B2K#`2 RNey v N 1M2`Q RNeRV- T`2b2Mi /2 2Mi`/ HQb Q#D2iBpQb /2 Hb /Bp2`bb 2tTQbB+BQM2b /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F 2M 2H a2KBM`BQk83 , UV dz.2bT2D` mM K2+MBbKQ 7mMiQ`BH ;2M2`H T` mM i2Q`ő ;HQ#H /2 KƦ/mHQbǴk8N (RNeR- dXR)- U#V dz.2bT2D` H Ŀ#m2M 7Q`KmH+BƦMŀ /2 mM +B2`iQ MȹK2`Q /2 T`Q#H2Kb /2 ĿKƦ/mHQbŀ 2M 2H K`+Q /2 HQb 2bT+BQb MHőiB+QbǴ (RNeR- dXR)- U+V dz:`+Bb  ?BTƦi2bBb +QMp2MB2Mi2b /2 ĿT`Qv2+iBpB//ŀ T` HQb KQ`}bKQb- /` i2Q`2Kb /2 2tBbi2M+B miBHBx#H2b T` HQb T`Q#H2Kb +QMbB/2`/Qb 2M U#V- [m2 BM+HmB`€M 2M T`iB+mH` 2H i2Q`2K /2 2tBbi2M+B T` 2H 2bT+BQ /2 h2B+?KɃHH2`Ǵ (RNeR- dXR)- U/V dz_2pBb` HQb 7mM/K2MiQb /2 H :2QK2i`ő MHőiB+- BMbTB`€M/Qb2 2M H i2Q`ő /2 HQb 2b[m2KbX 1M T`iB+mH`b2`€ /2 BKTQ`iM+B /KBiB` 2H2K2MiQb MBHTQi2Mi2b 2M HQb MBHHQb HQ+H2b /2 HQb 2bT+BQb MHőiB+QbX aQHQ +QM 2bi +QM/B+BƦM 2b +ƦKQ HQb i2Q`2Kb Tm2/2M 2MmM+B`b2 b2M+BHHK2Mi2 v 2M iQ/ bm 7m2`xǴ (RNeR- dXR)X o2KQb 2MiQM+2b [mő  :`Qi?2M/B2+F TQMB2M/Q iQ/Qb bmb ?B2``Qb 2M 2H 7m2;Q, /2bT2D2- 7mMiQ`BHBx+BƦM- ;2M2`HBx+BƦM- iBTB}++BƦM- 7Q`KmH+BƦM k83

k8N

Gb +mB//b `2/++BQM2b /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F +m#`2M H KvQ`ő /2 HQb 6b+ő+mHQb R v k /2H ƢQ Rj URNey@eRV /2H aûKBMB`2 *`iM, 6KBHH2b /Ƕ2bT+2b +QKTH2t2b 2i 7QM/2K2Mib /2 H ;ûQKûi`B2 MHviB[m2X 1H iőimHQ /2H a2KBM`BQ- 2M7iBxM/Q dz7KBHBb /2 2bT+BQbǴ v dz7mM/K2MiQbǴ- 2b mM `2+QMQ+BKB2MiQ /B`2+iQ /2 H BKT`QMi /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+FX 1bi2 +QKT`iBƦ bm H#Q` 2M 2H a2KBM`BQ URy 2tTQbB+BQM2b- Ry `2/+i/bV +QM /`B2M .Qm/v U9 2tTQbB+BQM2b- j `2/+i/b Ĝ }#`/Qb- 2bT+BQb KBtiQb- /27Q`K+BQM2bV v +QM *?`BbiBM >Qmx2H Ue 2tTQbB+BQM2b- 9 `2/+i/b Ĝ ;2QK2i`ő MHőiB+ HQ+HVX 1b BMi2`2bMi2 MQi` [m2 2biQ bm+2/2 2t+iK2Mi2 Rj ƢQb /2bTmûb /2H BMB+BQ /2H aûKBMB`2 *`iM 2M RN93@9N- 2b /2+B`- Rj ƢQb /2bTmûb /2 [m2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F T`2+B2` 2M 2H a2KBM`BQ +QM iQ/ bm 2M2`;ő v bm BMQ+2M+B- pBMB2M/Q /2 bm K;` +``2` /2 Ki2K€iB+b 2M JQMiT2HHB2`X 1M 2H BMi2`K2/BQ- :`Qi?2M/B2+F ? b#B/Q miBHBx` H K€tBKQ H ?2``KB2Mi 7mM/K2MiH /2 HQb ?+2b Tm2bi  TmMiQ 2M 2H a2KBM`BQX *QMbiM+B /2 mM +B+HQ +QKTH2i/Q- 2H DQp2M BM[mB2iQ 2 B``2T`BKB#H2 b2 ? +QMp2`iB/Q- T2Mb +`mx/Qb HQb i`2BMi ƢQb2M mM p2`//2`Q J2bi`QX a#`QbK2Mi2 +QMiBMȹ :`Qi?2M/B2+F, dzSQ` i2KQ`  bmbi` H m/BiQ`BQ +QM mM 2t+2bQ /2 +i2;Q`őb #bi`+ib- +QK2MxKQb +QM mM +bQ iőTB+Q- BM/B+/Q 2M 2H iőimHQ (2bT+BQ /2 h2B+?KɃHH2`)Ǵ (RNeR- dXR)X

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RdN

+Q``2+i- T`Qv2+iBpB//- 2b[m2KiBx+BƦM- HQ+HBx+BƦM MBHTQi2Mi2- b2M+BHH2x- iQ/Q +QM 2H Q#D2iBpQ +QM+`2iQ /2 2Mi2M/2` H 7mM/K2Mi+BƦM 2bi`m+im`H /2H 2bT+BQ /2 h2B+?KɃHH2`tHBt X hH +QKQ HQ 2pHm`€ :`Qi?2M/B2+F mM /û+/ /2bTmûb- 2M bm 1b[mBbb2 i?ûKiB[m2 /2b T`BM+BTmt i`pmt Ki?ûKiB[m2b (RNdk)- dzKB BM~m2M+B 2M H ;2QK2i`ő MHőiB+ b2 /2#2 UXXXV  HQb TmMiQb /2 pBbi /B`2+iK2Mi2 BMbTB`/Qb TQ` H ;2QK2i`ő H;2#`B+ [m2 Tm/2 BMi`Q/m+B`Ǵ (RNdk- e)X 1M T`iB+mH`- 2M mM T`i/Q /2 dzhû+MB+b /2 +QMbi`m++BƦM /2 2bT+BQb MHőiB+QbǴ- :`Qi?2M/B2+F b2ƢH H T`B+BƦM /2 2bT+BQb dzKQ/mH`2b Ŀ;HQ#H2bŀǴ U2bT+BQb /2 SB+`/- 2bT+BQb MHőiB+Qb +QKT+iQbV v /2 dz2bT+BQb KQ/mH`2b ĿHQ+H2bŀ /2 /27Q`K+BƦM /2 mM 2bi`m+im` MHőiB+ +QKTH2D //Ǵ (RNdk- d)X P#bû`p2b2 +ƦKQ H K2iQ/QHQ;ő ;2M2`H /2 H ;2QK2i`ő H;2#`B+- v /2 HQb ?+2b 2M T`iB+mH`- b2 2M+m2M@ i` 2M Dm2;Q- Kmv i2Mi  i`€MbBiQb Um Q#bi`m++BQM2bV 2Mi`2 HQ HQ+H v HQ ;HQ#HX *QM T2`bT2+iBp- 2M 2bQb pBp2M2b /2 U/2V+QMbi`m++BQM2b HQ+H2bf;HQ#H2b- :`Qi?2M/B2+F /2i2+i HQb ;û`K2M2b /2 Qi`Qb +KBMQb TQbi2`BQ`2b, i2Q`2Kb /2 /mHB// Uo2`/B2`V- 2ti2MbBQM2b /2 _B2KMM@_Q+?- +Q?QKQHQ;ő +`BbiHBM +QKTH2D Up2` Mm2bi`Q *TőimHQ 3 #DQV- +QM2tBQM2b /2 H +`BbiHBMB// +QM 2bT+BQb MHőiB+Qb `ő;B/Qb (RNdk- 3)X u ȹM +QM H;Q K€b /2 T2`b@ T2+iBp- TQ/2KQb 2M+QMi`` 2MH+2b 2b2M+BH2b +QM HQb i`#DQb /2 H /û+/ /2 HQb RN3yb H`2/2/Q` /2 HQb 2bT+BQb KQ/mHB /2 Hb bmT2`}+B2b /2 _B2KMM v H ;2QK2i`ő M#2HBM Up2` Mm2bi`Qb *TőimHQb Ry- Rk #DQVX tHBt

lM #m2M BMi`Q/m++BƦM  HQb 2bT+BQb /2 h2B+?KɃHH2` URNjd@jNV b2 2M+m2Mi` 2M uX AK;Qb?B v JX hMB;m+?BX M AMi`Q/m+iBQM iQ h2B+?KɃHH2` aT+2bX hQFvQ, aT`BM;2`@o2`H;- RNNkX 1H 2bT+BQ /2 h2B+?KɃHH2` bQ#`2 mM bmT2`}+B2 // T`Qp22 mM T`K2i`Bx+BƦM /2 iQ/b Hb 2bi`m+im`b +QKTH2Db bQ#`2 2b bmT2`}+B2 Ub2 i`i- TQ` iMiQ- /2 mM Q#D2iQ ?QHőbiB+Q mMBp2`bH Mim`H- /2 7b+BM+BƦM BMK2/Bi T` :`Qi?2M/B2+FVX aB Mg 2b 2H 2bT+BQ KQ/mHB `B2KMMBMQ /2 ;ûM2`Q g U2b /2+B`- 2H +QMDmMiQ /2 +Hb2b /2 BbQKQ`}bKQ /2 bmT2`}+B2b /2 _B2KMM +2``/b /2 ;ûM2`Q gV- M0 b2 `2/m+2  mM TmMiQ U+Hb2 /2 H 2b72` /2 _B2KMMV- M1 b2 `2/m+2 H THMQ +QKTH2DQ Upő 7mM+BQM2b v +m`pb 2HőTiB+bV v Mg Ug ≥ 2V Tm2/2 T`K2i`Bx`b2 K2/BMi2 3g − 3 T`€K2i`Qb +QKTH2DQb U_B2KMM R38dVX 1H 2bT+BQ /2 h2B+?KɃHH2` Tg

/2 ;ûM2`Q g `2bmHi b2` mM +m#`BKB2MiQ /2+m/Q /2 Mg - +QM `KB7B++BQM2b bQ+B/b H ;`mTQ 7mM/K2MiH /2 H;mM U4 +mH[mB2`V bmT2`}+B2 /2 _B2KMM +2``/ /2 ;ûM2`Q gX Tg ?2`2/ 2MiQM+2b ;HQ#HK2Mi2 mM 2bi`m+im` +MƦMB+ /2 p`B2// +QKTH2D-  T`iB` /2 HQb 7`;K2MiQb HQ+H2b T`Q/m+B/Qb TQ` H ++BƦM /2H ;`mTQ 7mM/K2MiH bQ#`2 Mg X G 2bi`m+im` /2 iQ/Qb HQb Tg Ug ≥ 0V +QM7Q`K HQ [m2 Hm2;Q HHK`€ :`Qi?2M/B2+F H iQ``2 /2 h2B+?KɃHH2` (RN3R) (RN39)X

R3y

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

1H T`€;`7Q ȜR /2 dzAX .2b+`BT+BƦM tBQK€iB+ /2H 2bT+BQ /2 h2B+?KɃHH2` v /2 bmb p`BMi2bǴ miBHBx 2H H2M;mD2 +i2;Ʀ`B+Q T` T`2b2Mi` Hb p`B+BQM2b /2 HQb 2bT+BQb MHőiB+Qb- v 2M T`iB+mH` /2 Hb +m`pb UH;2#`B+bV /2 ;ûM2`Q g- /2b/2 mM TmMiQ /2 pBbi 7mMiQ`BH mMB}+/QX GQb 2bT+BQb MHőiB+Qb Tm2/2M /2bTH2;`b2 mMQb bQ#`2 Qi`Qb U2b /2+B` X → S- S #b2 }DV v +QM7Q`KM +i2;Q`őb AS [m2 KB/2M Hb p`B+BQM2b /2 Hb #b2b UbB

S → S ′ 2b mM KQ`}bKQ- b2 Q#iB2M2 mM 7mMiQ` dz+K#BQ /2 #b2Ǵ AS → AS ′ : X → X ×S S ′ V (RNeR- dXk)X 1M T`iB+mH`- :`Qi?2M/B2+F /2}M2 mM dz+m`p UH;2#`B+V /2 ;ûM2`Q g TQ` 2M+BK /2 SǴ +QKQ mM 2bT+BQ MHőiB+Q X bQ#`2 S iH [m2 f : X → S 2b T`QTBQ v

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R33

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

BM}MBiûbBKQb UoAAV- T`QTB2//2b /2 +Q?2`2M+B UoAAA- AsV v `2+m#`BKB2MiQb UsV +QMbi`mv2M Hb /Bp2`bb KKTQbi2`őb- TBbQb v +m`iQb /2H 2/B}+BQkdd X G 7€#`B+ ;`Qi?2M/B2+FBM +QK#BM BMbiH+BQM2b- K[mBM`Bb v ?2``KB2Mib- TB2/`b- H/`BHHQb v `;Kbb- T` TQ/2` i`Mb7Q`K` HQb +QM+2TiQb- Q#D2iQb v 7mMiQ`2b Ki2K€iB+Qb 2M Dm2;Q- /2 H KBbK KM2` 2M [m2 mM 7€#`B+ BM/mbi`BH i`Mb7Q`K /Bp2`bb 7m2Mi2b /2 2M2`;őX 1b 7€+BH p2` [mő +ƦKQ 2H pQH+€M v 2H K` b2 2M+m2Mi`M Qi` p2x 2M ++BƦM, Hb 7Q`Db /2 omH+MQ `2[mB2`2M /2 ;mb [m2 i2KTH2M HQb K2iH2b- /2 H KBbK KM2` 2M [m2 Hb ;`M/2b #/őb K2/B2pH2b `2[m2`őM /2 `őQb +2`+MQb T` BKTmHb` 2H HiQ `2M/BKB2MiQ /2 bmb ?Q`MQbX lMQ /2 HQb 272+iQb K€b TQi2Mi2b /2 H ++BƦM +QK#BM/ /2H pQH+€M v 2H K` b2 2M@ +m2Mi` 2M H B/2 /2 p`B` v `B;B/B}+` mM 2bi`m+im`- T` 2HBKBM` miQKQ`}bKQb bQ#`Mi2b- v- Hm2;Q- `2+m#`B`H v T`Qv2+i`H- T` Q#i2M2` bm Mȹ+H2Q `[m2iőTB+Q 2b2M+BHX 1b +QKQ bB- 2M mM T`BK2` BMbiM+B- 2biHH` mM pQH+€M bm#K`BMQ v bmb Hpb b2 2M@ /m`2+B2`M- v- 2M mM b2;mM/ BMbiM+B- 2H 272+iQ /2 Hb +Q``B2Mi2b /2H Q+ûMQ HBb` v bmpBx` Hb 7Q`K+BQM2b K;K€iB+bX H BMB+BQ- T`2+2M 7m2;Qb `iB}+BH2b UtBQKbV- b2 2b+HM TB`Qi2+MBb Up`BMi2b /2H 2bT+BQ /2 h2B+?KɃHH2`V v b2 /B#mD mM 2bT+BQ #`b/Q /2 i2MbBQM2b HmKőMB+b U`2T`2b2Mi#BHB// /2 7mMiQ`2b bQ#`2 2bT+BQb MHőiB+QbVX Gm2;Q- Hb 7m2`xb /2 H K`2 `2+m#`2M H 2tTHQbBƦM U}Hi`+BQM2b- +Q?2`2M+BV- H KQH/2M UTHiBim/bBKTHB+B//- T`Qv2+iBpB//V v i2`KBMM /2 bmpBx`H U+Q+B2Mi2bVX G 2bi`m+im`+BƦM /2 HQb 2bT+BQb KQ/mHB Tm2/2 p2`b2 +QKQ 2H TQ`i2 T`BM+BTH T`Q@ Tm2biQ 2M h2+?MB[m2b /2 +QMbi`m+iBQM 2M ;ûQKûi`B2 MHviB[m2 (RNeR)- v +QMbBbi2 2M Tb` /2 i2M2` HQb 2bT+BQb KQ/mHB +QKQ Q#D2iQb +QMDmMiBbib /2b+QM2+i/Qb  p2`HQb +QKQ 2bi`m+@ im`b +i2;Ʀ`B+b +QM2+i/b, TbQ  mM KmHiBTHB+B// `BiKûiB+@H;2#`B+@+QKTH2D@ iQTQHƦ;B+@/B72`2M+BH +QM T`Q7mM/Qb 2MH+2b 7mMiQ`BH2b 2Mi`2 Hb T`i2bX *QKQ HQ /B+2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F 2M _û+QHi2b 2i b2KBHH2bkdd

o2` K€b #DQ- 2M Mm2bi`Q *TőimHQ 3- +ƦKQ :`Qi?2M/B2+F /2b+`B#2- 2M _û+QHi2b 2i b2KBHH2b (RN3j@3e)bm /Q#H2 i`2 /2 `[mBi2+iQ v Q#`2`QX

eX h1*>LAZl1a .1 *PLah_l*hAPL 1L :úPJúh_A1 LGuhAZl1 URNeRV

R3N

G B/2 KBbK /2 Hb KmHiBTHB+B//2b KQ/mH`2b b2 2M+m2Mi`- Ŀ2Mi`2 HőM2bŀ H K2MQb- 2M KBb 2tTQbB+BQM2b Ŀh2B+?KɃHH2`ŀ 2M 2H aûKBMB`2 *`iM- `2HBx/b +mM/Q 2H H2M;mD2 /2 HQb bBiBQb v HQb iQTQb MQ 2tBbiő ȹM (RN3j@3e- kXkjd)X 1b bQ#`2 iQ/Q /2b/2 KBb 2tTQbB+BQM2b 2M 2H aûKBMB`2 *`iM bQ#`2 HQb 7mM/K2MiQb /2 H i2Q`ő /2 HQb 2bT+BQb MHőiB+Qb +QKTH2DQb- v bQ#`2 H BMi2`T`2i+BƦM ;2QKûi`B+ T`2+Bb /2 Hb Ŀp`B2//2b KQ/mH`2b +QM MBp2H2bŀ  H h2B+?KɃHH2`- ?+B 2H }M /2 HQb ƢQb +BM+m2Mi+mM/Q 2Mi2M/ő H BKTQ`iM+B /2 mM /Q#H2 ;2M2`HBx+BƦM /2 Hb MQ+BQM2b mbmH2b /2 Ŀp`B2@ //ŀ +QM Hb +mH2b b2 ? i`#D/Q ?bi 2H KQK2MiQ UH;2#`B+- MHőiB+ `2H Q +QKTH2D/B72`2M+BH Ĝ Q Hm2;Q bmb p`BMi2b 2M ĿiQTQHQ;ő KQ/2`/ŀVX lM +QMbBbi2 2M KTHB` H /2}MB+BƦM T` TQ/2` /KBiB` ĿbBM;mH`B//2bŀ `#Bi``Bb v 2H2K2MiQb MBHTQi2Mi2b 2M 2H ?x 2bi`m+im`H /2 Hb Ŀ7mM+BQM2b 2b+H`2bŀ Ĝ bB;mB2M/Q 2H KQ/2HQ /2 KB i`#DQ /2 7mM/K2MiQb +QM H MQ+BƦM /2 2b[m2KX G Qi` 2ti2MbBƦM 2b ?+B mM Ŀ`2HiBpBx+BƦMŀ TQ` 2M+BK /2 iQTQb HQ+HK2Mi2 MBHH/Qb +QMp2MB2Mi2b UHb MQ+BQM2b Ŀ#bQHmibŀ Q#i2MBûM/Qb2 H iQK` +QKQ #b2 mM iQTQb TmMimHV (RN3j@3e- kXjNR@jNk)X

G `2~2tBƦM TQbi2`BQ` /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F Km2bi` +ƦKQ- 2Mi`2 }M2b /2 H /û+/ /2 HQb +BM@ +m2Mi v +QKB2MxQb /2 HQb b2b2Mi- 2M 2bQb ƢQb T`QHő}+Qb /QM/2 b2 2Mi`QM+M H *QM72`2M+B A*J (RN83)- Hb h2+?MB[m2b (RNeR) v HQb BMB+BQb /2 1: (RN8N@e9) v a: (RNey@eN)- 2H Q#D2iBpQ T`BM+BTH +QMbBbi2 2M KTHB` 2H 2bT+BQ@MȹK2`Q  i`pûb /2 p`BMi2b /2 H MQ+BƦM /2 p`B2//X 1H +bQ 2bT2+ő}+Q /2 H ;2QK2i`ő MHőiB+ T`2+2 b2`pB`H2  :`Qi?2M/B2+F /2 H#Q`iQ`BQ +QM+`2iQ T` TQM2`  T`m2# 2bb +QM+2T+BQM2b KTHBb [m2 /`€M Hm;`  HQb 2b[m2Kb v HQb iQTQb Up2` Mm2bi`Qb *TőimHQb d- 3 #DQVX

eXj

1D2KTHQ /2iHH/Q, 2bT+BQb /2 h2B+?KɃHH2`

1M H /û+/ /2 HQb Q+?2Mi- :`Qi?2M/B2+F +2Mi``€ H;mMQb /2 bmb Q#D2iBpQb T`BM+BTH2b 2M H iQ``2 /2 h2B+?KɃHH2` (Tg )g≥0 v H;mMQb /2 bmb +QM+2TiQb K€b MQp2/QbQb U++BƦM /2 Gal(Q : Q) bQ#`2 H iQ``2- /B#mDQb /2 MBƢQb- ;2QK2i`ő M#2HBM (RN3R) (RN39)- p2` Mm2b@ i`Qb *TőimHQb Ry- Rk #DQV T`Q+2/2`€M /2 KMBTmH+BQM2b /B`2+ib /2 HQb 2bT+BQb KQ/mHB Mg v /2 bmb +Q``2H+BQM2b UMmKû`B+b- H;2#`B+b- MHőiB+b- iQTQHƦ;B+b- ;2QKûi`B+bV +QM HQb 2bT+BQb /2 h2B+?KɃHH2` Tg Up2` LQi tHBt ``B#- TX RdNVX *QM p2BMi2 ƢQb /2

RNy

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

/B72`2M+B- 2H +QMi`bi2 2Mi`2 Hb h2+?MB[m2b (RNeR) v H GQM;m2 K`+?2 (RN3R) 2b Kmv BMi2`2bMi2, KB2Mi`b [m2 2M Hb h2+?MB[m2b b2 miBHBxM ?2``KB2Mib #bi`+ib T` +QMb@ i`mB` v +`+i2`Bx` 2H 2bT+BQ T`iB+mH` Tg - 2M H GQM;m2 K`+?2 b2 miBHBxM 2D2KTHQb +QM+`2iQb T` 2tTHQ`` H KmHiBTHB+B// /2 HQb (Tg )g≥0 X #bi`++BƦM T` 2Mi2M/2` HQ T`iB+mH` Uh2+?MB[m2b (RNeR)V v +QM+`2+BƦM T` 2Mi2M/2` HQ ;2M2`H UGQM;m2 K`+?2 (RN3R)V +QM7Q`KM mM 7b+BMMi2 BMp2`bBƦM- #m2M 2D2KTHQ /2 +ƦKQ Hb T`QtBK+BQM2b ;`Qi?2M/B2+FBMb MQ iQKM T`iB/Q TQ` /2HMi/Q v MQ bB;m2M MmM+ mM 2bi`i2;B `ő;B/, HQb KBtiQb- HQb pBp2M2b- Hb i`/m++BQM2b Ĝv b2  MBp2H Ki2K€iB+Q- v b2  MBp2H K2iQ/QHƦ;B+QĜ bQM 7mM/K2MiH2bX aB `2+Q`/KQb HQb i`#DQb bQ#`2 }#`/Qb ?QHQKQ`7Qb 2M H 2b72` /2 _B2KMM- bQ#`2 _B2KMM@_Q+? v bQ#`2 HQb 2bT+BQb Mm+H2`2b U+QKB2MxQb /2 HQb +BM+m2Mi- p2` ``B#- TX Rd9V v HQb +QM2+iKQb +QM Hb H#Q`2b H`2/2/Q` /2 H iQ``2 /2 h2B+?KɃHH2` U/û+/ /2 HQb Q+?2Mi- p2` *TőimHQb Ry- Rk #DQV- TbM/Q TQ` HQb ?+2b +Q?2`2Mi2b /2 ;û`K2M2b /2 7mM+BQM2b ?QHQKQ`7b U}M2b /2 HQb +BM+m2Mi- p2` *TőimHQb j- 9 ``B#V v TQ` HQb 2b#QxQb /2 7mM/K2Mi+BƦM /2 H ;2QK2i`ő MHőiB+ U+QKB2MxQb /2 HQb b2b2Mi- 2bi2 *TőimHQVp2KQb +ƦKQ H p`B#H2 +QKTH2D H2 bB`p2  :`Qi?2M/B2+F /2 H#Q`iQ`BQ T2`KM2Mi2 T` 2bim/B` iQ/Q iBTQ /2 b+2MbQb v /2b+2MbQb iMiQ 2M H iû+MB+- +QKQ 2M H +QM+2T+BƦM Ki2K€iB+X 1M 2H €K#BiQ /2 H p`B#H2 +QKTH2D Q+m``2 bő mM MQ b2T`+BƦM 2Mi`2 M€HBbBb 7mM+BQMH- ;2QK2i`ő /B72`2M+BH- iQTQHQ;ő- ?+2b v ;2QK2i`ő H;2#`B+ [m2 v+2 2M 2H +Q`xƦM KBbKQ /2H T2MbKB2MiQ MQ b2T`/Q /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+FX Jm+?b +m2`/b2biB`€M/Qb2  HQ H`;Q /2 H pB/ /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F- +QM7Q`KM mM bQ; }`K2 [m2 `2p2H H +QMiBMmB// /2 bmb B/2bX 1b +QKQ bB mM ?x bmT2`BQ` b2 2M+QMi`` 2M Dm2;Q- T2;M/Q Hb i`2b [m2 b2 bQHTM +Q?2`2Mi2K2Mi2  HQ H`;Q /2 +mi`Q /û+/bkd3 X kd3

6Hi TQ` b#2` [mû bm+2/2 2M HQb KMmb+`BiQb }MH2b /2H T2`BQ/Q RNNR@kyR9X 1b Kmv TQ+Q T`Q##H2 [m2 2b +Q?2`2M+B /2bT`2x+ v MQ 2b /B7ő+BH +QMD2im`` [m2- ȹM 2M bmb ȹHiBKb /û+/b- :`Qi?2M/B2+F bB;mB2` /2b``QHHM/Q BKTQ`iMi2b Ki2K€iB+bX G2DQb /2H 2`KBiƢQ ?m`ƢQ 7€+BHK2Mi2 /2b+`i/Q +QKQ dzHQ+QǴ- /2#2`ő bm`;B` H BK;2M /2 mM ?m`ƢQ 2`KBiƢQ bQK#`QbK2Mi2 #`BHHMi2 ȹMX

eX h1*>LAZl1a .1 *PLah_l*hAPL 1L :úPJúh_A1 LGuhAZl1 URNeRV

RNR

lM `2+Q``B/Q KBMBKH BMp2`bQ 2M Hb h2+?MB[m2b (RNeR)- bm2`i2 /2 Ki2K€iB+ 2M `2p2`bQsGA - T2`KBi2 B` /2b#`QxM/Q Hb +QMbi`m++BQM2b v Hb ?BTƦi2bBb bQ#`2 Hb [m2 b2 #b H 2K2`;2M+B /2H 2bT+BQ /2 h2B+?KɃHH2` Tg , UV 2H 2bT+BQ Tg T`2+2 +QKQ mM +Q+B2Mi2 X/G U+QM }#`b /2 /BK2MbBƦM dim(X)−dim(G) = 3g −3V (RNeR- RdXRe)- /QM/2 X = MR,B

2M mM 2bT+BQ `2+m#`B/Q` UbQ+B/Q  mM 7mMiQ` dz`B;B/B}+/Q`Ǵ B /2}MB/Q pő Mg V (RNeRRdXRj) v /QM/2 G = GL(n, C) 2b 2H ;`mTQ HBM2H +QKTH2DQ (RNeR- RdXj)- U#V 2H 2bT+BQ `2+m#`B/Q` X = MR,B UR TQ` `B;B/2xV T`2+2 +QKQ 2H Q#D2iQ [m2 T2`KBi2 `2T`2b2Mi` 2H 7mMiQ` B : An → Con [m2 bQ+B-  mM 2bT+BQ MHőiB+Q S- 2H +QMDmMiQ /2 iQ/b Hb

+Hb2b UKƦ/mHQ BbQKQ`}bKQV /2 +m`pb /2 ;ûM2`Q g TQ` 2M+BK /2 S +QM mM `B;B/B}++BƦM G (RNeR- RdXj)- U+V 2bi `2T`2b2Mi+BƦM /2T2M/2 /2 Qi` bm#@`2T`2b2Mi+BƦM MHőiB+ T` bm#@2bT+BQb +2``/Qb /2 mM T`Qv2+iBpQ (RNeR- RdX9- ReXj)- U/V H i2Q`ő /2 HQb 7mMiQ`2b `2T`2b2Mi#H2b T`2+2 +QKQ 2H K`+Q ;2M2`H [m2 HH2p  H +QMbi`m++BƦM /2H +HbB}+/Q` Tg (RNeR- RRXR)- U2V HQb 7mMiQ`2b `B;B/B}+/Q`2b- +M/B/iQb  `2T`2b2Mi#H2b- T`2+2M +QKQ dz2b+HQM/Q`2bǴ Q dzMBp2H/Q`2bǴkdN 2M H TQbimH+BƦM tBQK€iB+ /2 Tg (RNeR- dX3)X kdN

1H RN /2 .B+B2K#`2 RNey- :`Qi?2M/B2+F MmM+B [m2 dzT`2+2 [m2 a2``2 Tm2/2 T`Q#`- miBHBxM/Q H i2Q`ő /2 MBHHQb /2 p`B2//2b #2HBMbǴ [m2 2H 7mMiQ` Mim`H +2Mi`H /2 H i2Q`ő /2 h2B+?KɃHH2` 2b `ő;B/Q (RNeR- dX3)X 1H 3 /2 JvQ RNeR- H +mHKBM` bmb +QM72`2M+Bb- BM+Hmv2 2M TûM/B+2 H T`m2# /2 a2``2 (RNeR- RdXR3@RdXky)X

sGA

Gb `2p2`b2 Ki?2KiB+b URN38@kyyyV /2 6`B2/KM v aBKTbQM +QMbB;m2M m#B+` bm#bBbi2Kb KBMBKH2b v Mim`H2b /2 T`m2# 2M H `BiKûiB+ /2 b2;mM/Q Q`/2M [m2 2[mBpH2M  HQb i2Q`2Kb mbmH2b /2 H Ki2K€iB+ /2`Bp/Qb /2 2HHQbX .2}MKQb UBV RCA0 K2/BMi2 HQb tBQKb #€bB+Qb T` iû`KBMQb `BiKûiB+Qb- 2H tBQK /2 BM/m++BƦM ϕ(0) ∧ ∀x(ϕ(x) → ϕ(x + 1)) → ∀xϕ(x) `2bi`BM;B/Q  7Ʀ`KmHb ϕ ∈ Σ0 1 v 2H

0 tBQK /2 +QKT`2MbBƦM ∃X∀x(ϕ(x) ↔ x ∈ XV `2bi`BM;B/Q  7Ʀ`KmHb ∆1 0 U7Ʀ`KmHb /2Mi`Q /2 H D2``[mő /2 EH22M2@JQbiQrbFB, Σn `2ȹM2 Hb 7Ʀ`KmHb 2M T`BK2` Q`/2M +QM Ki`Bx `2+m`bBp- +QM n Hi2`+BQM2b /2 +mMiB}+/Q`2b v +QM +mMiB}+/Q` 2ti2`MQ ∃- Π0 n b2 /2}M2

0 0 0 0 bBKBH`K2Mi2 +QM +mMiB}+/Q` 2ti2`MQ ∀- ∆0 n 4Σn ∩ Πn c Σ1 +Q/B}+ HQ `2+m`bBpK2Mi2 2MmK2`#H2- ∆1 HQ `2+m`bBpQV- UBBV W KL0 K2/BMi2 RCA0 Y dzH2K /û#BH /2 EƺMB;Ǵ UiQ/Q bm#€`#QH BM}MBiQ /2H €`#QH #BM`BQ TQb22 mM `K BM}MBiV- UBBBV ACA0 K2/BMi2 HQb tBQKb #€bB+Qb

T` iû`KBMQb `BiKûiB+Qb- 2H tBQK /2 BM/m++BƦM `2bi`BM;B/Q  7Ʀ`KmHb `BiKûiB+b U7Ʀ`KmHb /2 b2;mM/Q Q`/2M bBM p`B#H2b +QMDmMiBbib +mMiB}+/bV v 2H tBQK /2 +QKT`2MbBƦM `2bi`BM;B/Q iK#BûM  7Ʀ`KmHb `BiKûiB+bX 1MiQM+2b- TQ` 2D2KTHQ-  HQb QDQb /2 RCA0 - b2 iB2M2M 2[mBpH2M+Bb TH2Mb U/2/m++BƦM v `2i`Q/m++BƦMV /2 W KL0 +QM 2H H2K /2 >2BM2@"Q`2H- +QKTH2iBim/ /2 H HƦ;B+ /2 T`BK2` Q`/2M2tBbi2M+B /2 B/2H2b T`BKQb 2M MBHHQb +QMKmiiBpQb 2MmK2`#H2b- i2Q`2Kb HQ+H2b /2 2tBbi2M+B T` 2+m+BQM2b /B72`2M+BH2b- i2Q`2K /2 >?M@"M+? T` 2bT+BQb b2T`#H2b- 2i+X- v b2 iB2M2M 2[mBpH2M+Bb TH2Mb /2 ACA0 +QM 2H i2Q`2K /2 "QHxMQ@q2B2`bi`bb- 2tBbi2M+B /2 B/2H2b KtBKH2b 2M MBHHQb +QMKmiiBpQb 2MmK2`#H2b- 2tBbi2M+B /2 #b2b T` 2bT+BQb p2+iQ`BH2b bQ#`2 +KTQb 2MmK2`#H2b- 2i+X GQb i`€MbBiQb /2/m+iBpQb mbmH2b- [m2 pM /2 HQ ;HQ#H UbBbi2K 2M bm +QMDmMiQV  HQ HQ+H Ui2Q`2K T`iB+mH` /2H bBbi2KV- b2 2M+m2Mi`M [mő BMp2`iB/Qb /2 KM2` BKT+iMi2- v T2`KBi2M mM TbQ BM2bT2`/Q /2 HQ HQ+H  HQ ;HQ#H- ;`+Bb  H 2[mB+QMbBbi2M+B /2H i2Q`2K /2/m+B/Q +QM 2H bBbi2K 2Mi2`Q [m2 HQ /2/m+2X o2` wHK2- ƦTX+BiX- TTX R9y@R9RX

RNk

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

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sGAAA

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LQb T`2;mMi`2KQb K€b /2HMi2 bB 2bi dz/m`2xǴ [m2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F 2t?B#B`€ 2M H /û+/ RNey@RNdyv [m2 Q+m``2 2M T`i2 TQ` bm M2+2bB// /2 ;mB` +QM }`K2x  iQ/ mM +QH2+iBpB// Ki2K€iB+MQ ?#`€ bB/Q mM /2 Hb p`Bb `xQM2b [m2 H2 BKTmHb`QM  /2D` 2H A>1aX /2K€b /2 H `2+QMQ+B/ T`Qi2bi TQHőiB+ /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F +QMi` HQb 7QM/Qb KBHBi`2b [m2 TQv`QM 2H A>1a- 2b TQbB#H2 [m2 H /û+/ /2 HQb b2b2Mi Ĝ2t+2bBpK2Mi2 vM;Ĝ T`Q/mD2` mM ?QM/Q /2b2[mBHB#`BQ +QM 2H H/Q Mim`HBMimBiBpQ- T`Q7mM/K2Mi2 vBM /2 H T2`bQMHB// ;`Qi?2M/B2+FBMX G Hm+? 2Mi`2 2H vM; v 2H vBM 2b iK#BûM `bi`2#H2 2M 2H pBpûM T2M/mH` 2Mi`2 H i2Q`ő ;2M2`H v HQb 2D2KTHQb T`iB+mH`2bX _2bmHi MQi#H2 +ƦKQ H /û+/ /2 HQb Q+?2Mi 2bi`€ BKTmHb/ TQ` 2b2 H/Q vBM /2 HQb 2D2KTHQb T`iB+mH`2b 2M ;2QK2i`ő UTQHB2/`Qb- bmT2`7B+B2b /2 _B2KMM- +QK#BMiQ`B- /B#mDQb /2 MBƢQbVX o2` Mm2bi`Qb *TőimHQb Ry- Rk- R9- R8 #DQX h2Q`ő /2 MȹK2`Qb v MBHHQb /Bb+`2iQb → 2bT2+i`Q +QMiBMmQ Upő iQTQHQ;ő /2 w`BbFB v Qi`b, p2`2KQb [m2 mM T`Q#H2K 2b2M+BH +QMbBbiB`€ 2M `2}M` w`BbFBV → MBHHQb HQ+H2b /Bb+`2iQb → MBHTQi2Mi2b U2M HQb MBHHQb HQ+H2bV [m2 T2`KBi2M 2tTHQ`` HQ +QMiBMmQ BM}MBi2bBKHXXX S` H dzK€b Hi BKTQ`iM+BǴ /2 iH2b 2H2K2MiQb- p2` LQi kjj ``B#- TX ReRX :`+Bb  mM b2MiB/Q iû+MB+Q T`2+BbQ- HQb MBHTQi2Mi2b bQM bm2`i2b /2 dz7MibKbǴ [m2 MQb T2`KBi2M ++2/2`  HQ BMpBbB#H2 U2H dzm`Ǵ /2 yVX G T`Q#H2K€iB+ +2Mi`H ;`Qi?2M/B2+FBM pBbB#H2fBMpBbB#H2 /[mB2`2 [mő mM TQvQ /2}MB+BQMH v i2Q`2K€iB+Q /2 ;`M `2H2pM+BX G +i2;Q`ő /2 2b[m2Kb `2bmHi b2` H +i2;Q`ő /mH /2 H +i2;Q`ő /2 MBHHQb U+QMKmiiBpQb mMBi`BQbV- v HQb 2b[m2KbH +Tim`` iQ/b Hb bQHm+BQM2b /2 +B2`ib 2+m+BQM2b H;2#`B+b- `2bmHiM b2` Hb ;2M2`HBx+BQM2b Mim`H2b /2 Hb p`B2//2b H;2#`B+bX SQ` 2D2KTHQ- Spec(R[X]) +Tim` MȹK2`Qb `2H2b v +QKTH2DQb pő HQb B/2H2b T`BKQb ;2M2`/Qb TQ` TQHBMQKBQb HBM2H2b UbQHm+BQM2b `2H2bV v TQ` TQHBMQKBQb /2 b2;mM/Q ;`/Q B``2/m+B#H2b UbQHm+BQM2b +QKTH2Db +QMDm;/bVX SQ` Qi`Q H/Q- Spec(Z[X, Y ]/(X 2 + Y 2 − 1)) +Tim` iQ/Q iBTQ /2 bQHm+BQM2b /2 X 2 + Y 2 = 1 T` HQb +KTQb }MBiQb

/2 :HQBb Fp - T` p T`BKQ- v- 2M T`iB+mH`- T2`KBi2 `2+QMbi`mB` H /Bp2`bB// HQ+H  T`iB` /2 +B2`iQb TmMiQb ;2Mû`B+QbX 6BMHK2Mi2- TQ` 2H H/Q /2 H MBHTQi2M+B- bB b2 +QMbB/2` H T`€#QH y = x2 - H p`B2// bQ+B/ 2b i`BpBH U= {0}V-

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kye

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HtB

.X JmK7Q`/X dzJv BMi`Q/m+iBQM iQ b+?2K2b M/ 7mM+iQ`bǴX 1M, H2tM/`2 :`Qi?2M/B2+FX  Ji?2KiB+H SQ`i`BiX 1/X TQ` GX a+?M2TbX "QbiQM, AMi2`MiBQMH S`2bb- kyR9- T€;bX d8@3R- TTX dNX JmK7Q`/ `2+m2`/ H dzT`2b2M+B ?BTMƦiB+ /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+FǴ 2M bm pBbBi  >`p`/ /2 RN83, +ƦKQ bmb T`m2#b T`2+őM b2` dzK;B M2;`Ǵ v +ƦKQ- 2M /2}MBiBpdzHQ [m2 pő 7m2 bm}+B2Mi2 T` +QMp2`iB`H2 2M mM ;2MBQ ȹMB+Q 2Mi`2 Hb KBbi/2b Ki2K€iB+b [m2 imp2 2M KB pB/Ǵ- B#ő/X TTX d3- dN- 3RX

kyd

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jyd

jy3

HtBB

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sGAo

hQ/ T`Qv2++BƦM bQ#`2 2H 2bT2+i`Q /2 mM +m2`TQ 2b THM- iQ/ T`Qv2++BƦM /2b/2 mM 2bT+BQ 7őM 2b THMc bBM 2K#`;Q- 2tBbi2M T`Qv2++BQM2b /2b/2 KQ/B}++BQM2b /2 Spec(k[x, y]) MQ THMbX G THiBim/ +Tim` bő mM bm2`i2 /2 dz#m2M +QKTQ`iKB2MiQ T`Qv2+iBpQǴ UHB#2`i/V HH2M/2 2p2MimH2b `KB7B++BQM2b U7Q`xKB2MiQbV 2M H KmHiBTHB+B// /2 Hb p`B#H2bX

ky3

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

HomA (B, C) → HomA (B, C/I) b2 bQ#`2jyN U2M 2H +bQ /2 i2M2` +QM/B+BQM2b /B+BQMH2b

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jRy jRR

jRk

lM T`i2 ;`m2b /2 1:XAoXR i`i /2 €H;2#`b 7Q`KHK2Mi2 HBbb Mi2b /2 Tb`  HQb KQ`}bKQb +QKQ iH2bX H }MH /2H pQHmK2M- :`Qi?2M/B2+F b2ƢH [m2 dzHb MQ+BQM2b K€b BKTQ`iMi2b T` HQb +TőimHQb bB;mB2Mi2b bQM [m2HH /2 KQ`}bKQ THMQ (THi) /2 T`2b2Mi+BƦM }MBi v [m2HHb /2 KQ`}bKQ HBbQ v /2 KQ`}bKQ ûiH2- +bQb T`iB+mH`2b /2 H T`BK2`X am 2bim/BQ /2iHH/Q UDmMiQ  +m2biBQM2b +QM2tbV +QKB2Mx `2HK2Mi2 2M 2H §11Ǵ (RN8N@e9- AoXRXkkj)X  /m`b T2Mb- H }MH /2 1:XAoXj T`2+2 mM iH §11- T2`Q H `[mBi2+iƦMB+ `ő;B/ /2 1: T2Mb /2D pMx`- 2M K2/BQ /2 KmHiBim/ /2 /B;`2bBQM2bX 1M 272+iQ- /2bTmûb /2 kkR T€;BMb U5V /2H *TőimHQ y Ĝ S`2HBKBM`2b /2Mi`Q /2 1:XAoXj U*TőimHQ y [m2 b2 ? p2MB/Q /2b``QHHM/Q bBM }M  HQ H`;Q /2 HQb /Bp2`bQb pQHȹK2M2b /2 1:V- T`2+2 2H őM/B+2 /2 +QMi2MB/Qb /2 1:XAo- +mvQ dz§17 @ JQ`}bKQb HBbQb- MQ `KB7B+/Qb- ûiH2bǴ (RN8N@e9- AoXRXjR3) b2`ő 2H Q#D2iBpQ +2Mi`HX aBM 2K#`;Q 1: MQ H+MxƦ  +m#`B` mM iH T`€;`7QX S`H2HK2Mi2- 2M +K#BQ- HQb pM+2b 2M a: (RNey@eN) 7m2`QM K€b `€TB/Qb- v b2 /2b``QHH`QM HHő +QM K€b 2HbiB+B// Hb iû+MB+b /2 bmpBx+BƦM [m2 HH2p`QM H /2bTHB2;m2 /2H KmM/Q ûiH2- v- 2p2MimHK2Mi2-  H `2bQHm+BƦM /2 Hb +QMD2im`b /2 q2BHX o2` Mm2bi`Qb *TőimHQ 8 ``B# v *TőimHQ 3 #DQX 1b /2+B`- 2M Hb }#`b- HQb B/2H2b KtBKH2b /2 HQb MBHHQb HQ+H2b bQM /2 iBTQ }MBiQX S` /2b``QHHQbp2` #DQ Mm2bi` a2++BƦM dXjX G +QMi`TQbB+BƦM /2 1: U+QM H K`+ /2 .B2m/QMMûV v a: UbB;mB2M/Q 2M +K#BQ  :`Qi?2M/B2+FV 2b mM BMi2`2bMi2 2D2KTHQ /2 +ƦKQ HQb 2biBHQb v HQb KQ/Qb UKMB2`V BM+B/2M 2M Hb Ki2K€iB+b KBbKb/2 +ƦKQ H 7Q`K 72+i 2H 7QM/QX SQ` Qi`Q H/Q- 2b DmbiQ `2+QMQ+2`H2  .B2m/QMMû 2H BMK2MbQ Kû`BiQ /2 TQ/2` ?#2` Tm2biQ 2M HBKTBQ Hb MQib KMmb+`Bib Q iBTQ;`}/b /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+FX aB b2 Q#@ b2`p- TQ` 2D2KTHQ- mM 7`;K2MiQ /2H KMmb+`BiQ 1:Xo T`2+B/Q 2Mi`2 HQb TT2H2b /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F (AJ:- +Qi2 k8 U+XRNedV)- b2 Tm2/2 BMimB` 2H MQi#H2 2b7m2`xQ UT+B2M+B- `2Q`;MBx+BƦM- `22b+`Bim`V [m2 .B2m/QMMû /2#BƦ 2D2`+2`  K2Mm/Q 2M HQb ƢQb b2b2MiX S`iB2M/Q /2 Hb +QMD2im`b /2 q2BH 2M i2Q`ő /2 MȹK2`Qb- b2 `2+Q``2`€M H iQTQHQ;ő U+QMDmMiBbi v H;2#`B+V- Hb +Q?QKQHQ;őb- H i2Q`ő /2 ?+2b- H p`B#H2 +QKTH2D- 2H €H;2#` #bi`+i UMBHHQb v €H;2#`bV- H ;2QK2i`ő H;2#`B+- H ;2QK2i`ő /B72`2M+BH- iQ/Q BMK2`bQ /2Mi`Q /2 H i2Q`ő /2 +i2;Q`őb- T` }MHK2Mi2 `2;`2b` bQ#`2 H i2Q`ő /2 MȹK2`QbX G Mp2;+BƦM KmHiB/BK2MbBQMH bő 272+im/-  HQ H`;Q /2 /2+2Mb /2 7Q`Kb /2 HQ /Bb+`2iQ v HQ +QMiBMmQ- MQ T`2+2 i2M2` T`H2HQ 2M H ?BbiQ`B /2 H Ki2K€iB+X

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Gb iû+MB+b Mi2`BQ`2b vm/M  2Mi2M/2` ĜK€b HH€ /2 Mm2bi`Qb dzQDQb +B2;QbǴĜ H;mMQb i`€MbBiQb 2Mi`2 HQ /Bb+`2iQ v HQ +QMiBMmQ- 2Mi`2 HQ }MBiQ v HQ BM}MBiQX ./Q f : X → S

KQ`}bKQ /2 2b[m2Kb- //Q s ∈ S- bB χ(s) = Os /Ms 2b 2H +m2`TQ `2bB/mH 2M s U+Q+B2Mi2 /2H

MBHHQ HQ+H TQ` bm ȹMB+Q B/2H KtBKHV v bB b2 +QMbB/2` 2H +K#BQ /2 #b2 Spec(χ(s)) → SH }#` f −1 (s) Tm2/2 p2`b2 +QKQ 2H 2bT+BQ bm#v+2Mi2 /2 Xs = X ×S Spec(χ(s))Htp X 1M

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1bi2 T`Q+2/2` +QMi`bi BMK2/BiK2Mi2 +QM 1: (RN8N@e9)- /QM/2 HQb Q#D2iQb b2 +QMbi`mv2M +mKm@ HiBpK2Mi2- bBM M2+2bB// /2 tBQKb [m2 H2b ;Q#B2`M2MX S` mM +QKT`+BƦM /2 1: v a: 2M TH#`b /2H T`QTBQ :`Qi?2M/B2+F- p2` (RNey@eN- RXt@tB)X 1H TbQ /2 HQ T`iB+mH` U;`mTQ iQTQHƦ;B+Q v bm ++BƦMV  HQ mMBp2`bH U;`mTQ 7mM/K2MiH H;2#`B+QV i`pûb /2 HQb tBQKb [m2 ;Q#B2`MM bmb 2MiQ`MQb +i2;Ʀ`B+Qb- 2b mM /2 Hb iû+MB+b 7mM/K2MiH2b /2H T2MbKB2MiQ ;`Qi?2M/B2+FBMQX *QM 2HHQ b2 i`b+B2M/2M +mH2b[mB2` T`QtBK+BQM2b BMi2`MHBbib Q 2ti2`MHBbib- v 2M H K2/B+BƦM `2H+BQMH +i2;Ʀ`B+ U7Q`K /2 dzKBtiQǴ  H GmiKMV 2b /QM/2 b2 +QMbB;m2 mM TH2M 2+HQbBƦM /2H +QMQ+BKB2MiQ Ki2K€iB+QX

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+QMbiBimv2M 2MiQM+2b mM ;`mTQB/2 +QM2tQ- HHK/Q dz;`mTQB/2 7mM/K2MiHǴ /2 H +i2@ ;Q`ő ;HQBbBM CX H HQ+HBx` 2M F - b2 iB2M2 Hom(F, F ) = Isom(F, F )- HQb BbQKQ`}bKQb Tm2/2M p2`b2 +QKQ dz+KBMQbǴ v b2 Q#iB2M2 mM ;`mTQ 7mM/K2MiH H;2#`B+Q ;2M2`H, 2H

;`mTQ 7mM/K2MiH /2 C 2M F (RNey@eN- RXRjy)X 1M 2H +bQ 2M [m2 S b2 mM 2b[m2K T`QTB/Q UHQ+HK2Mi2 MQ2i?2`BMQ v +QM2tQV v a mM TmMiQ ;2QKûi`B+Q /2 S- bB b2 iQK

C +QKQ H +i2;Q`ő /2 HQb `2+m#`BKB2MiQb ûiH2b /2 S v F (X) +QKQ 2H +QMDmMiQ /2 HQb

TmMiQb ;2QKûi`B+Qb /2 X 2M+BK /2 a- b2 iB2M2M Hb T`QTB2//2b U:RV@U:eV- v 2H ;`mTQ 7mM/K2MiH /2 C 2M F - /2MQi/Q +QKQ +Q``2bTQM/2 π1 (S, a)HttBt - `2bmHi b2` 2H ;`mTQ 7mM/K2MiH H;2#`B+Q /2 S 2M a (RNey@eN- RXR9y)X j9d

X :`Qi?2M/B2+FX dzh2+?MB[m2 /2 /2b+2Mi2 2i i?ûQ`ĕK2b /Ƕ2tBbi2M+2 2M :ûQKûi`B2 H;û#`B[m2ǴX 1M, aûKBMB`2 "Qm`#FB RN8 URNeyV- T€;bX jeN@jNy (RN8e@ek- 2tTX RN8)X 1M 2bib 2tTQbB+BQM2b /2H a2KB@ M`BQ "Qm`#FB }`K dzH2tM/2`Ǵ- KMi2MB2M/Q bm Q`B;2M H2K€M Uv TQ` 2M/2 2H K`+Q bQ+BH v TQHőiB+Q /2 bmb T/`2bVc HQb /Qb T2HiBpQb dzH2tM/2`Ǵ v dzH2tM/`2Ǵ +Q``2`€M DmMiQb iQ/ bm pB/- TQbB#H2 `2~2DQ /2 2b K2Mi2 /2K2/B/ [m2 H2 ?`€-  H p2x- K` v `2+?x` H pB/ +/ûKB+X

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kjk

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

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Up > 0, i = 0, 1V 2b 2H +Q+B2Mi2 Q#i2MB/Q pő 2H MQ`KHBx/Q` /2 mM p@avHQr /2H ;`mTQ π1 (Xi )- 2MiQM+2b π1 (X1 )(p) ≈ π1 (X0 )(p) (RNey@eN- RXk3j)X *QM 2HHQ- K2/BMi2 mM `;mK2MiQ

/2 i`Mb72`2M+B /2 +`+i2`őbiB+ y  +`+i2`őbiB+ p > 0- 2b /2+B`- ;`+Bb  mM `;mK2MiQ j93

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3X aúJALA_1 .1 :úPJúh_A1 G:ú"_AZl1 Ua:V URNey@eNV

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i`b+2M/2Mi2 THB+/Q  mM bBim+BƦM H;2#`B+j8y - :`Qi?2M/B2+F HQ;` }MHK2Mi2 /2b+`B#B` Upő ;2M2`/Q`2bV 2H ;`mTQ 7mM/K2MiH π1 (X0 )(p) /2 mM +m`p X0 T`QTB- HBb v +QM2t bQ#`2 mM +m2`TQ /2 +`+i2`őbiB+ p (RNey@eN- RXk3j)X *QM+Hmv2 bő H i`2 /2 +QMbi`m++BƦM /2H ;`mTQ 7mM/K2MiH H;2#`B+Q 2M bmb i`2b MBp2H2b 7mM/K2MiH2bHttt , +bQ tBQK€iB+Q ;2M2`H- +bQ /2 mM 2b[m2K- +bQ /2 mM +m`p 2M +`+i2`őbiB+ p > 0X UAAVX lM b2;mM/ mMB}++BƦM /2 :HQBb v _B2KMM Q+m``2 2M H /2}MB+BƦM /2 HQ ûiH2j8R v- T`iB+mH`K2Mi2- 2M i2Kb `2H+BQM/Qb +QM H +Q?QKQHQ;ő ûiH2X H BMB+BQ /2 a:R T`2+2 v H /2}MB+BƦM /2 KQ`7BbKQ ûiH2, mM KQ`7BbKQ 2Mi`2 2b[m2Kb f : X → Y

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p2x b2 Km2bi`M Hb T`QTB2//2b #€bB+b /2 T2`KM2M+B U+QKTm2biQb- TmHH#+Fb- T`Q/m+iQb /2 ûiH2b bQM ûiH2b (RNey@eN- RX9@8)Vj89 - :`Qi?2M/B2+F /2}M2 H MQ+BƦM /2 `2+m#`BKB2MiQ j8y

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:`Qi?2M/B2+F BM/B+ [m2 bm Q#D2iBpQ +QMbBbi2 2M dz2KTmD` HQ K€b H2DQb TQbB#H2 HQb 72MƦK2MQb +QKmM2b  H i2Q`ő iQTQHƦ;B+ v H i2Q`ő 2b[m2K€iB+ /2H ;`mTQ 7mM/K2MiHǴ (RNey@eN- RXkdR)X SQ` mM H/QH /2b+`BT+BƦM U+H€bB+V /2H ;`mTQ 7mM/K2MiH iQTQHƦ;B+Q /2 mM +m`p X0 T`QTB- HBb v +QM2t /2 ;ûM2`Q g bQ#`2 mM +m2`TQ H;2#`B+K2Mi2 +2``/Q k /2 +`+i2`őbiB+ y- K2/BMi2 2g ;2M2`/Q`2b [m2 biBb7+2M mM `2H+BƦM /2 MQ`KHB//- T`Qp22 mM /2b+`BT+BƦM /2H ;`mTQ 7mM/K2MiH H;2#`B+Q /2 X0 X SQ` Qi`Q H/Q- bB k 2b /2 +`+i2`őbiB+ p > 0- mbM/Q 2H MBHHQ A /2 p2+iQ`2b /2 qBii bQ#`2 k Up2` LQi sssAA ``B#- TX R88V v mM 2ti2MbBƦM H;2#`B+K2Mi2 +2``/ K /2H +m2`TQ /2 7`++BQM2b /2 A- K `2bmHi b2` /2 +`+i2`őbiB+ y- 2tBbi2 mM 2b[m2K X T`QTBQ v HBbQ bQ#`2 Spec(A) [m2 b2 `2/m+2  HQ H`;Q /2 X0 - v b2 Tm2/2 miBHBx` 2H U2TBVKQ`}bKQ /2 +QKT`+BƦM π1 (X ×A K) → π1 (X0 ) T` i`Mb72`B` BM7Q`K+BƦM /2 +`+i2`őbiB+ y  +`+i2`őbiB+ p (RNey@eN- RXkdR@kdk)X o2` Mm2bi` a2++BƦM 8Xj ``B#X o2` Mm2bi` LQi jyd ``B#- TX kydX o2` Mm2bi` LQi kNN ``B#- TX kyjX G THMBim/ 7m2`x My Ox 4 Mx v- TQ` iMiQ- H +QM/B+BƦM /2 MQ `KB}++BƦM b2 2tT`2b iK#BûM /B+B2M/Q [m2 F(x) 2b mM 2ti2MbBƦM }MBi b2T`#H2 /2 F(y) U`2+mû`/2b2 [m2 H +i2;Q`ő /2 2b[m2Kb 2b H +i2;Q`ő /mH /2 H +i2;Q`ő /2 MBHHQb bm#v+2Mi2b- v Hb ~2+?b b2 BMpB2`i2M 2M Hb 2bi`m+im`b bQ#`2 x v Hb 2bi`m+im`b bQ#`2 yVX G b2T`#BHB// BMpQ+  :HQBb- H MQ `KB}++BƦM BMpQ+  _B2KMMX JȹHiBTH2b Qi`b i`Mb72`2M+Bb /2 T`QTB2//2b 2Mi`2 X v Y T` mM KQ`7BbKQ ûiH2 f : X → Y b2 2bim/BM  HQ H`;Q /2 H 2tTQbB+BƦM A /2H a2KBM`BQ (RNey@eN- 9XRXe@k3)X S` mM ;mő Km+?Q K€b /2iHH/ /2 HQb i`#DQb /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F 2M a:R bQ#`2 2H ;`mTQ 7mM/K2MiH- p2` Jm``2B#ő/X

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3X aúJALA_1 .1 :úPJúh_A1 G:ú"_AZl1 Ua:V URNey@eNV

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/QM/2 Qi 2b 2H TQHBMQKBQ +`+i2`őbiB+Q /2 H ++BƦM /2H 2M/QKQ`}bKQ /2 6`Q#2MBmbG /2 X ¯ H i /2bB;M 2H i@ûbBKQ ;`mTQ l@€/B+Q /2 +Q?QKQHQ;ő Ul T`BKQ /B72`2Mi2 /2 qV bQ#`2 H i (X)¯ /2MQi H 2ti2MbBƦM /2 X  H +Hmbm` H;2#`B+ /2 Fq (RNe3- RNj@RN9)X 1H b2;mM/Q vX TbQ +QMbBbi2 2M b2ƢH` [m2 H T`BK2` +QMD2im` 7m2`x [m2 HQb Pi i2M;M +Q2}+B2Mi2b 2Mi2`Qb UBM/2T2M/B2Mi2K2Mi2 /2 l ̸= qV- v 2M Q#b2`p` UdzTQ` mM B/2 2b2M+BHK2Mi2 /2#B/

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1H +KBMQ /2 T`m2# [m2 /QTi`ő .2HB;M2 T` 2H }MH /2 Hb +QMD2im`b /2 q2BH 2b +QKTH2iK2Mi2 /BbiBMiQX :`Qi?2M/B2+F MmM+ +2TiƦ 2b T`m2#-  bm KQ/Q /2 p2` `iB}+BH- H2D/ /2H +KBMQ Mim`H Q7`2+B/Q TQ` Hb +QMD2im`b 2bi€M/` Uv- 2M 2H 7QM/Q- HQb KQiBpQbVX 1b2 /2b+QMi2MiQ Ki2K€iB+Q 2b mM /2 Hb /Bp2`bb `xQM2b- 2M mM 2Mi`K/Q +QKTH2DQ /2 /2bBHmbBQM2b- [m2 H2 H2D`QM /2 .2HB;M2 v /2 H +QKmMB// Ki2K€iB+ 2M ;2M2`HX

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+i2;Q`őb /2`Bp/b bQ+B/bGAAA (RNed- k)- UjV H +QMbi`m++BƦM M+ ( ) b2 T`2b2`p #DQ HőKBi2b UM+ (X)≈ HBK M+ (Xi ) bB X = HBK Xi V (RNed- k)- U9V b2 iB2M2M 7mMiQ`2b dz`BiKûiB@ −→ ←− + + +QbǴ Tl : M (X)→ M l (X) U/QM/2 M+ l (X) 2b dzH +i2;Q`ő /2/m+B/ /2 H +i2;Q`ő /2

ĿbBbi2Kb l@€/B+Qb /2 ?+2b /2 l@iQ`bBƦM +QMbi`mB#H2bŀǴV- 7mMiQ`2b [m2 `2bmHiM +QKTiB#H2b +QM 2H T`Q/m+iQ i2MbQ`BH- +QM +K#BQb /2 #b2- +QM /2`Bp+BQM2b v +QM 2H BbQKQ`}bKQ /2 EɃMM2i? U?QKQHQ;ő /2 mM T`Q/m+iQ BbQKQ`7Q H T`Q/m+iQ /2 Hb ?QKQHQ;őbV (RNed- k)9Re

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Sm2b- 2M +bQ +QMi``BQ- 2H `/mQ i`#DQ /2}MB+BQMH /2 JMBM b2 ?m#B2b2 bBKTHB}+/Q- +Qb [m2 MQ T`2+2 ?#2` bm+2/B/Q b2;ȹM bm i2biBKQMBQ UdzTbû p`BQb K2b2b 2b+`B#B2M/Q bmb /2}MB+BQM2b +2Mi`H2bXXXǴB#ő/X- TX jyyVX 1M HQ [m2 bB;m2- HQb MmK2`H2b URV@UR8V +Q``2bTQM/2M  Hb [mBM+2 b2++BQM2b BMB+BH2b /2H KMmb+`BiQX .2DKQb [mő /2 H/Q Hb i`2b b2++BQM2b }MH2b, UReV +Q?QKQHQ;ő /2 p`B2//2b #2HBMb (RNed- Re@RN)URdV 7Q`Kb TQbBiBpb (RNed- RN@ky)- UR3V /B++BQM`BQ bQ#`2 7mM+BQM2b L (RNed- kR@kk)X

./ mM +i2;Q`ő #2HBM A- bm +i2;Q`ő /2`Bp/ D(A) +Tim` Hb T`QTB2//2b [m2 TQb22M HQb 7mMiQ`2b /2`Bp/Qb /2}MB/Qb bQ#`2 A

UT`QTB2//2b T`Q+2/2Mi2b /2H hƬ?QFm (RN88@8e) v tBQKiBx/b 2M H h2bBb /2 o2`/B2`- CX@GX o2`/B2`X .2b +iû;Q`B2b /û`Bpû2b /2b +iû;Q`B2b #ûHB2MM2b URNedVX oQHX biû`Bb[m2 kjNX S`Bb, aQ+Bûiû Ji?ûKiB[m2 /2 6`M+2- RNNeVX 1tTHő+BiK2Mi2- HQb Q#D2iQb /2 D(A) bQM +/2Mb /2 +QKTH2DQb bQ#`2 A v HQb KQ`}bKQb /2 D(A) bQM KQ`}bKQb 2Mi`2 +/2Mb KƦ/mHQ +mbB@BbQKQ`}bKQ U2b /2+B`- iH2b [m2 HQb KQ`}bKQb

BM/m+B/Qb bQ#`2 HQb ;`mTQb /2 ?QKQHQ;ő bQM BbQKQ`}bKQbVX Gb +i2;Q`őb /2`Bp/b BMi`Q/m+2M +QM/B+BQM2b Mim`H2b /2 ?QKQiQTő 2Mi`2 Hb +/2Mb /2 +QKTH2DQb- v b2 Q#iB2M2 bő mM Mm2pQ 2MH+2 2Mi`2 ?QKQHQ;ő v ?QKQiQTőX aB A TQb22 bm}+B2Mi2b BMv2+iBpQb- HQb 7mMiQ`2b /2`Bp/Qb HQ+H2b Rn F UF : A → B 7mMiQ` 2Mi`2 +i2;Q`őb #2HBMbV Tm2/2M 2MiQM+2b b2` +Tim`/Qb TQ` mM 7mMiQ` iQiH RF bQ+B/Q 

D(A)X 1H 7Q`KHBbKQ /2 Hb +i2;Q`őb /2`Bp/b vm/  bBKTHB}+` H`;Qb +€H+mHQb /2 U+QV?QKQHQ;őX Gb +i2;Q`őb /2`Bp/b UMim`H2bV 7m2`QM T`QTm2bib TQ` o2`/B2` bQ#`2 mM 7Q`KHBbKQ T`2pBQ /2 +i2;Q`őb i`BM;mH/b UK€b `iB}+H2bV- [m2 tBQKiBxM mM bm2`i2 /2 +QK#BMiQ`B /2 T2;KB2MiQb 2Mi`2 /B;`Kb i`BM;mH`2b /BbiBM;mB/Qb /2 H +i2;Q`őX GQb tBQKb i`BM;mH`2b /2 o2`/B2` bQM #biMi2 /@?Q+ v +QKTHB+/Qb- v 2b mM T`Q#H2K ȹM #B2`iQ 2M+QMi`` tBQKb K€b b2M+BHHQb v Mim`H2bX 1M T`i2- Hb T`QTm2bib /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F 2M HQb .û`Bpi2m`b (RNNR) `2bTQM/2M  2b #ȹb[m2/ /2 2Mi`QM[m2b K€b Mim`H2b 2Mi`2 H ?QKQHQ;ő v H ?QKQiQTőX

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U8V b2 iB2M2M 2H2K2MiQb +MƦMB+Qb Ql (−n) 2M M+ (X) [m2 vm/M  `2T`2b2Mi` +B2`iQb

KƦ/mHQb /2 hi2GAo v [m2 +Q``2bTQM/2M mMB7Q`K2K2Mi2  +€H+mHQb T`2+BbQb /2 7mMiQ`2b /2`Bp/Qb (RNed- j)- UeV H +i2;Q`ő M+ (X) Tm2/2 +QKTH2i`b2 2M mM +i2;Q`ő M(X)/2 iH KM2` [m2 2H 7mMiQ` M %→ M ⊗ Q(−1)- TH2MK2Mi2 }2H H b2` +QMbB/2`/Q 2M

M+ (X)- `2bmHi2 b2` mM 2[mBpH2M+B H 2H2p`HQ  M(X) (RNed- j)- UdV b2 iB2M2M 7mMiQ`2b Hom U2M M(X)V v RHom U2M D(M(X))V +QKTiB#H2b +QM 2H T`Q/m+iQ i2MbQ`BH v +QM

HQb 7mMiQ`2b Tl (RNed- 9)- U3V Hb T`QTB2//2b /2 iQ`bBƦM /2 HQb Tl (M ) bQM BM/2T2M/B2Mi2b /2 l (RNed- 9)- UNV b2 iB2M2M }Hi`+BQM2b /2 M+ (X) v /2 M(X) TQ` dzT2bQbǴ v TQ` dziBTQb

/BK2MbBQMH2bǴ (RNed- 8@e)- URyV M+ (X) v M(X) `2bmHiM b2` MBHHQb ;`/m/Qb- +mvb QT2`+BQM2b /BiBpb +Tim`M +B2`ib T`iB+BQM2b pő KƦ/mHQb bBKTH2b v +mvb QT2`+BQM2b

KmHiBTHB+iBpb +B7`M HQb T2;KB2MiQb /2 Hb bm#@T`iB+BQM2b (RNed- e@3)- URRV b2 T`Qp22 mM BMi2`T`2i+BƦM iQTQHƦ;B+ /2 HQb iBTQb /BK2MbBQMH2b (RNed- N)- URkV b2 +m2Mi +QM mM ?QKQKQ`}bKQ 7mM/K2MiH σ : L(K) → M+ (K) U/QM/2 K 2b mM +m2`TQ v L(K) 2b 2H

;`mTQ K@;2M2`/Q TQ` HQb 2b[m2Kb /2 iBTQ }MBiQ bQ#`2 KV- /2}MB/Q TQ` mM 7Ʀ`KmH iBTQ G27b+?2ix +mvb +QKTQM2Mi2b UdzKQiBpQb pB`imH2bǴV ;2M2`HBxM HQb MȹK2`Qb /2 "2iiBv K2/BMi2 2H +mH b2 Q#iB2M2M +B2`iQb BMp`BMi2b 7mM/K2MiH2b T` HQb 2b[m2Kb /2 iBTQ }MBiQ bQ#`2 K 9R3 (RNed- N@RR)- URjV b2 Q#iB2M2 mM +`+i2`Bx+BƦM ;HQBbBM /2 Hb }Hi`+BQM2b K2/BMi2 Hb +`+i2`Bx+BQM2b UT` E 2M M(X)V,

dz*QMD2im` /2 q2BHf_B2KMMǴ, cl(E) ∈ Mi (X) ⇔ T` iQ/Q TmMiQ +2``/Q x ∈ X- HQb i pHQ`2b T`QTBQb /2H 6`Q#2MBmb 2M Tl (E)(x) bQM /2 pHQ` #bQHmiQ N (x) 2 -

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GQb KƦ/mHQb /2 hi2 URNeeV- +QMbi`mB/Qb bQ#`2 +i2;Q`őb /2 ;`mTQb Q /2 2b[m2Kb- +Q/B}+M T`QTB2//2b `BiKûiB+b KƦ/mHQ p v T`QTB2//2b /2 ++BQM2b /2 ;`mTQb /2 :HQBbX am mbQ 2M p`B2//2b #2HBMb v 2M +KTQb /2 MȹK2`Qb T2`KBi2 +2`+` iû+MB+b /2 H i2Q`ő /2 MȹK2`Qb2H €H;2#` #bi`+i v H ;2QK2i`ő H;2#`B+X

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UR9V ;`+Bb  HQb KQiBpQb v  BMp`BMi2b /2 ++BQM2b /2 :HQBb- H +QMD2im` /2 hi2 b2 Tm2/2 2tT`2b` 2M iû`KBMQb Tm`K2Mi2 +Q?QKQHƦ;B+Qb- [m2  bm p2x +Q``2bTQM/2M  i2Q`2Kb /2 +QMKmi+BƦM9RN (RNed- Rk@Rj)- UR8V b2 T`QTQM2 mM +Q?QKQHQ;ő #bQHmi- 2t@ T`2bBƦM /2 2b2 M?2H/Q `[m2iBTQ BMB+BH [m2 /2#2 TQ/2` T`Qv2+i`b2 bQ#`2 Hb /Bp2`bb +Q?QKQHQ;őb `2HiBpb- v [m2 b2 T`2+Bb  i`pûb /2 7mMiQ`2b dz#bQHmiQbǴ U/2}MB#H2b bQ@ #`2 H p`B+BƦM /2 iQ/Qb HQb KQiBpQb v T`Qp2MB2Mi2b /2 mM 7mMiQ` mMBp2`bH /2 +i2;Q`őb i`BM;mH/b D(M(X)V → D(Ab)- mMB7Q`K2 v +MƦMB+K2Mi2 T` iQ/Q XV (RNed- Rj@Re)X

J€b HH€ /2H +`€+i2` BM+#/Q v i2MiiBpQ /2H KMmb+`BiQ9ky - TQ/2KQb Q#b2`p`

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/2 π !0,3 U"2HvBVX ȜjeX dz1H BbQKQ`}bKQ ΓQ ≈ Γ1,1 Ǵ Udd@3NVX ++BQM2b Mim`H2b }2H2b /2 ΓQ -

T`2b2Mi+BQM2b /Bp2`bb /2 π0,3 - 2bim/BQ /2H dziQTQb KQ/mH` M1,1 +HbB}+/Q` /2 Hb +m`pb

k33

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2HőTiB+bǴ U3jVX ȜjdX dzh2Q`ő /2 KƦ/mHQb /2 +m`pb 2HőTiB+b b2;ȹM G2;2M/`2 U`B;B/B7+BƦM /2 2b+H kVǴ U3N@RRyVX 1b[m2Kb HB;/Qb H iQTQb KQ/mH`- 2MH+2 +QM .2HB;M2@JmK7Q`/`2+m#`BKB2MiQb ;HQBbBMQb mMBp2`bH2b- dz+m`p /2 62`KiǴ URydVX hQKQ k Ȝ9NX lM Mm2pQ 2biBHQ, `2+Q``B/Qb 2tTHő+BiQb TQ` HQb +KBMQb /2 H BMp2M+BƦM v 2H /2b+m#`BKB2MiQX JmHiBim/ /2 +€H+mHQb 2bT2+ő}+Qb U2X;X MmK2`+BƦM /2 jd 7Ʀ`KmHb 2M Ȝ9NXA- N8 7Ʀ`KmHb 2M Ȝ9NXAA- 2i+XV- BM+2bMi2 pBpûM `2~2tBpQ bQ#`2 2H /2b``QHHQ /2H i2tiQ U`2iQKb- `2+iB}++BQM2b- HHK/Qb /2 i2M+BƦM- 2i+XV- KQ/B}++BƦM T`Q;`2bBp /2 Hb ?BTƦi2bBb UBM+QMp2MB2Mi2b- Q#bi`m++BQM2b- ;2M2`HBx+BQM2b- /2/m++BQM2b T`+BH2b- 2i+XV#ȹb[m2/ T2`KM2Mi2 /2 Hb MQi+BQM2b K€b b2M+BHHb TQbB#H2b UHm+? 2Mi`2 HQ T`iB+mH` v HQ ;2M2`H- /2+m+BQM2b HQ+H2b- 2i+XV 1D2KTHQb /2H Mm2pQ 2biBHQ, dz_2iQK2KQb H bBim+BƦM # QpQǴ UdV Ĝ dzS` mM `2+iB}++BƦM bBbi2K€iB+ /2 Hb MQi+BQM2b [m2 bB;m2M UXXXVǴ UdV Ĝ dzi2M+BƦMǴ U3- 3jV Ĝ dzJ2 T`2+2 [m2 H BMi`Q/m++BƦM UXXXV MQ 2` Kmv DmB+BQb UXXXVǴ UNV Ĝ dzLQ T`2+2  T`BQ`B [m2 ?v BM+QMp2MB2Mi2b KvQ`2b 2M bmTQM2` UXXXVǴ URyV Ĝ dz.2#2 TQ/2` bBM BM+QMp2MB2Mi2 TQbimH`b2 H 2tBbi2M+B /2 mM 2b+BbBƦM +MƦMB+ UXXXVǴ URRV Ĝ dzh2M2KQb +bB UXXXVǴ URRV Ĝ dz_2KQ`/BKB2MiQX 6BMHK2Mi2- 2M iQ/Qb 2biQb /2b``QHHQb- MQ b2 ? `2HK2Mi2 miBHBx/Q H /2MQKBM/ Ŀ?BTƦi2bBb 7mM/K2MiHŀ UXXXVǴ UReV Ĝ dz>#`ő bB/Q K2DQ` UXXXVǴ URNV Ĝ dzP#b2`p+BƦMX H 2b+`B#B` Hb `2H+BQM2b- `2bmHi# 2pB/2Mi2 [m2 Hb MQi+BQM2b miBHBx/b 2M iQ/ 2bi b2++BƦM 2`M BM/2+m/b UXXXV Tm2b K2 ?#ő BMbTB`/Q /2H +bQ KQ/mH` v MQ /2H +bQ mMBp2`bH UXXXVǴ UkyV Ĝ dzJ2 T`2+2 ?#2` pBbiQ bm}+B2Mi2 T` TQ/2` `2iQK` Ŀ KMQ Hx/ŀ Hb +QMbi`m++BQM2b Mi2`BQ`2b v +#`Hb- +QM MQi+BQM2b K€b /2+m/bǴ UjeV Ĝ dzoKQb  BMi2Mi` bHp` H Tm2bi UXXXVǴ UekV Ĝ dzJ2 T`2;mMiQ bB UXXXVǴ UejV Ĝ dzJ2 THMi2Q H +m2biBƦM bB UXXXVǴ UeNV Ĝ dza2`ő iB2KTQ /2 `2+iB}+` H +QM7mbBƦM UXXXVǴ UdNV Ĝ dzSQ` HQ iMiQ ?#`ő [m2 BMi`Q/m+B` iK#BûM- [m2 HQ [m2`KQb Q MQ UXXXVǴ U3yV Ĝ dzJ2 /Qv +m2Mi /2 [m2 2biQv /B+B2M/Q iQMi2`őb- H ?#2` T2`/B/Q mM TQ+Q 2H +QMi+iQ +QM 2H +QMi2MB/Q ;2QKûi`B+Q /2 KBb +€H+mHQbǴ U3NV Ĝ dzG Q#bi`m++BƦM- +QKQ b2 /2#2 UXXXVǴ UNRV Ĝ dzG Q#bi`m++BƦM b2 BMi2`T`2i UXXXVǴ UNRV Ĝ dz_2+TBimH+BƦM- `2}MKB2MiQ UXXXV ?#`ő K€b

RyX G GPL:l1 J_*>1 § h_o1_a G h>úP_A1 .1 :GPAa URN3RV

k3N

#B2M [m2 T`7`b2` UXXXV /m/Q 2M BMi`Q/m+B` MQi+BQM2b UXXXVǴ URykV Ĝ dzG BM+QKQ/B// `2bmHi }MHK2Mi2 /2H ?2+?Q /2 [m2 2b /2KbB/Q ;`M/2 UXXXVǴ URR9V Ĝ dzSQ/2KQb iK#BûM ?+2` mM ?BTƦi2bBb /B+BQMH UXXXVǴ URR8V Ĝ dzh2M;Q #m2Mb `xQM2b T` T2Mb` [m2 2b +QM/B+BƦM b2 biBb7+2 2M iQ/Qb HQb +bQb p2`//2`K2Mi2 ȹiBH2bǴ URR8V Ĝ dzǯPi` KM2` /2 T`Q+2/2`\Ǵ URReV Ĝ dzhH p2x ?v ȹM 2``Q`2b /2 Q`B2Mi+BƦM #biMi2 ;`Qb2`Qb- [m2 b2 `2+iB}+`€M +QM 2H 2tK2M /2 +bQb T`iB+mH`2bǴ URReV Ĝ dz1bi2 /2b?B2HQ /2 HQb ;`mTQb / mM TQ+Q /2 K`2Q (KH /2 K2`)Ǵ URRdVX

.2b+`BT+BƦM K€b 2ti2MbX 1H dzKH /2 K`Ǵ v Hb Hpb pQH+€MB+b b2 i`bHTM 2M G HQM;m2 K`+?2 ¨ i`p2`b H i?ûQ`B2 /2 :HQBb (RN3R)X 1H KMmb+`BiQ #m`#mD2 /2 mM BMp2MiBpB// B``27`2M#H2- v b2 /2Mi` 2M /Qb /2 Hb BMp2`bBQM2b 7mM/K2MiH2b [m2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F T`QTQM/`€ 2M H /û@ +/ /2 HQb Q+?2Mi, UV H +`2+BƦM /2 mM €H;2#` iQTQHƦ;B+ /QM/2 Hb 2bi`m+im`b /2H €H;2#` T`2i2M/2M +Tim``b2 TQ` T`QTB2//2b iQTQHƦ;B+b UBMp2`bBƦM /2 H iQTQHQ;ő H;2@ #`B+ /2 SQBM+`û- /QM/2 Hb 2bi`m+im`b iQTQHƦ;B+b b2 +`+i2`Bx#M TQ` T`QTB2//2b H;2#`B+bV- U"V 2H 2bim/BQ /2 HQb 2bT+BQb KQ/mHB 2M H iQ``2 /2 h2B+?KɃHH2`- KQ/2HQb T`iB+mH`2b [m2 Q`B2MiM mM Q`;MBx+BƦM TQbi2`BQ` ;2M2`H /2 H +Hb2 /2 p`B2//2b 2M Dm2;Q UBMp2`bBƦM /2H T`Q+2bQ mMBp2`bHf#bi`+iQ → T`iB+mH`f+QM+`2iQ- mb/Q 2M H /û+/

/2 HQb b2b2MiVX  bm p2x- 2biQb T`Q+2bQb b2 +QKTƢM /2 U*V mM ;`M HB#2`i/ 2tT`2@ bBp- /QM/2 b2 Q#b2`p }2HK2Mi2 H 2`mTiBpB// /2H Ki2K€iB+Q, ;2bimHB//2b- T2MmK#`b/m/b- Tm2bib- `2+iB}++BQM2b- mbmHK2Mi2 2b+QM/B/b 2M mM 2b+`Bim` `[mBi2+iƦMB+ /2Tm`/X 1M HQ [m2 bB;m2 /2 2bi /2b+`BT+BƦM MQb Q+mT`2KQb /2 2biQb bT2+iQb UV@U*V  HQ H`;Q /2 HQb T`€;`7Qb BMB+BH2b /2 H i`Mb+`BT+BƦM JH;QB`29jN (RN3R)X 9jN

*QKQ pBKQb- H dzh#H /2 *QMi2MB/QbǴ /2 H GQM;m2 J`+?2- +QKTBH/ TQ` 2H KBbKQ :`Qi?2M/B2+FBM+Hmv2 8j T`€;`7Qb (RN3R- TTX B@p)- /2 HQb +mH2b bƦHQ b2 ?M i`Mb+`BiQ HQb jd T`BK2`QbX

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1H ȜR /2H KMmb+`BiQ- dzhQTQb KmHiB;HQBbBMQbǴ- BMi`Q/m+2 mM 2MiQ`MQ +i2;Ʀ`B+Q +QM 2H +mH :`Qi?2M/B2+F p  TQ/2` 2bim/B` Hb ++BQM2b /2 HQb ;`mTQb /2 :HQBb Gal(K : K)/QM/2 K 2b mM +m2`TQ /2 MȹK2`Qb H;2#`B+Qb bQ#`2 Q- v bmb +QM2tBQM2b +QM HQb ;`mTQB/2b v ;`mTQb 7mM/K2MiH2b /2 HQb 2bT+BQb KQ/mHB Mg 99y X :`Qi?2M/B2+F T`QTQM2 Mi2 iQ/Q +mi`Q +QM/B+BQM2b 2[mBpH2Mi2b99R bQ#`2 mM +i2;Q`ő- K2/BMi2 Hb +mH2b /2}M2 mM iQTQb KmHiB;HQBbBMQX G +`+i2`Bx+BƦM +2Mi`H /B+2 [m2 E 2b mM iQTQb KmHiB;HQBbBMQ bB v bƦHQ

bB E 2b 2[mBpH2Mi2  H +i2;Q`ő /mH /2 H +i2;Q`ő C /2 TmMiQbGo /2 E (RN3R- R)X *QM 2HHQ- :`Qi?2M/B2+F Q#iB2M2 U2H /mH /2V mM K#B2Mi2 /2 T`2?+2b UEV /2i2`KBM/Q TQ` mM ;`mTQB/2 UCV [m2 +Tim` H B/2 /2 ;`mTQB/2 7mM/K2MiH /2H iQTQb UC= Π1 (E)V (RN3R- R)X SQ` Qi`Q H/Q- 2K2`;2M +BM+Q +QM/B+BQM2b 2[mBpH2Mi2b99k T` /2b+`B#B` mM `2+m#`BKB2MiQ mMBp2`bH /2 mM iQTQb KmHiB;HQBbBMQX aB S 2b mM Q#D2iQ /2 E- E/S `2+m#`2 mMBp2`bHK2Mi2  E bB 2H 7mMiQ` `2T`2b2Mi#H2 HomE (S, −) 2b iK#BûM `2T`2b2Mi#H2 bQ#`2 C (RN3R- k)X

*QM 2biQ- dz/`b2 mM TmMiQ /2H iQTQb KmHiB;HQBbBMQ- Q /`b2 mM `2+m#`BKB2MiQ mMBp2`bH`2bmHi b2` 2b2M+BHK2Mi2 HQ KBbKQ, +/ mMQ /2i2`KBM H Qi`QǴ (RN3R- k)X bő- 2M Hb /Qb T`BK2`b T€;BMb /2H [m2 b2`€ bm KQMmK2MiH i`i/Q- :`Qi?2M/B2+F BK#`B+ v H ?2`2M+B /2 :HQBb U;`mTQB/2b 7mM/K2MiH2bV +QM H ?2`2M+B /2 _B2KMM U`2+m#`BKB2MiQbV- v Hb bBiȹ 2M 2H +Q`xƦM KBbKQ /2 bm 2KT`2bX 1H Ȝk- dzTHB++BQM2b  `2+m#`BKB2MiQb /2 iQTQbǴ (RN3R- j@9)- THMi2 H TQbB#BHB// 99y 99R 99k

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o2` Mm2bi` LQi tHBt ``B#- TX RdNX .2b/2 2H BMB+BQ- HQb iMi2Qb bQM KMB}2biQb, T` mM /2 Hb BKTHB++BQM2b- 2H miQ` BM/B+ [m2 dziH p2x ?v [m2 bmTQM2`Ǵ +QM2tB// HQ+H Q bm}+B2M+B /2 TmMiQb (RN3R- R)X H;mMb +QM/B+BQM2b iB2M2M [m2 p2` +QM T`QTB2//2b /2 +QM2tB// 2M mM iQTQb Uy@+QM2tB// ;2M2`@ HBxM/Q +QM2tB//- R@+QM2tB// ;2M2`HBxM/Q +QM2tB// bBKTH2V (RN3R- R@k)- bm2`i2 /2 ;2`K2M /2 mM dzK#B2Mi2 `B2KMMBMQǴ [m2 b2 /2b``QHH BMK2/BiK2Mi2  +QMiBMm+BƦMX

GQb TmMiQb /2 E bQM HQb KQ`}bKQb ;2QKûi`B+Qb Con → E U7mMiQ`2b /DmMiQb iH2b [m2 2H Bx[mB2`/Q T`2b2`p HőKBi2b }MBiQbVX G ;2M2`HBx+BƦM /2 H MQ+BƦM /2 TmMiQ 2M H i2Q`ő /2 HQ+H2b Tm2/2 p2`b2 +QKQ mM TbQ BMi2`K2/BQ ?+B H MQ+BƦM /2 KQ`}bKQ ;2QKûi`B+QX GQb KQ`}bKQb ;2QKûi`B+Qb bQM HQb i`MbKBbQ`2b Mim`H2b /2 BM7Q`K+BƦM HƦ;B+- H;2#`B+ v iQTQHƦ;B+ 2M H +i2;Q`ő /2 iQTQb /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+FX

RyX G GPL:l1 J_*>1 § h_o1_a G h>úP_A1 .1 :GPAa URN3RV

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/2 +QMbi`mB` bm+2bBQM2b E→ · · · E [i] → E [i−1] → · · · E [1] → E [0] - dzK2/BMi2 ?BTƦi2bBb +QMp2@ MB2Mi2b bQ#`2 E U/2 iBTQ +QMi`+iB#BHB// HQ+HVǴ- /QM/2 E [0] 2b 2H iQTQb /Bb+`2iQ /2}MB/Q TQ` Π0 (E)- E [1] 2b mM dz2MpQHp2Mi2 KmHiB;HQBbBMǴ /2 E- v HQb E [i] T`2+2M +QKQ b2++BQM2b

U[m2 dz/2#2M TQ/2`b2 /2}MB`Ǵ (RN3R- 9)V 2M mM `2+m#`BKB2MiQ +QMD2im`H /2 EX 1H +`€+i2` 2tTHQ`iQ`BQ /2H i2tiQ U?BTƦi2bBb Dmbi#H2b- /2}MB+BQM2b 2p2MimH2bV b2 `27m2`x +QM 2H iő@

imHQ /2H Ȝ9- dz*QKTH2K2MiQ@`2KQ`/BKB2MiQ bQ#`2 Hb +i2;Q`őb KmHiB;HQBbBMbǴ99j (RN3R8)X 1H `2KQ`/BKB2MiQ dzT`2+Bb H BMi2M+BƦM [m2- T` mM iQTQb E- 2H /iQ /2 mM Q#D2iQ

S ∈ E /2}M2 mM iQTQb BM/m+B/Q E/S → E- v [m2 S b2 `2+QMbiBimv2 KƦ/mHQ BbQKQ`}bKQ TQ` 2H +QMQ+BKB2MiQ /2H iQTQb BM/m+B/Q +QKQ iQTQb TQ` 2M+BK /2 EǴ (RN3R- 8)X .2 2bi

KM2`- 2H T`/B;K /2 H p`B+BƦM /2 H #b2999 `2bm`;2 2M mM 2MiQ`MQ +i2;Ʀ`B+Q [m2 p  T`2i2M/2` +m#`B` Hb p`B+BQM2b /2 Hb 2ti2MbBQM2b /2 +KTQb U2M T`iB+mH`- /2 HQb +KTQb /2 MȹK2`Qb- 2ti2MbBQM2b H;2#`B+b /2 QVX 1M 272+iQ- dzbB k 2b mM +KTQ #b2H +i2;Q`ő E /2 HQb 2b[m2Kb ûiH2b bQ#`2 k b2 /2b+`B#2- 2M iû`KBMQb /2 mM +Hmbm`

b2T`#H2 ks /2 k v /2H ;`mTQ T`Q}MBiQ Γ = Gal(ks : k)- +QKQ HQb ;`mTQB/2b T`Q}MBiQb TQ` 2M+BK /2H ;`mTQB/2 T`Q}MBiQ UTi- ΓVXXXǴ (RN3R- 8)X  T`iB` /2 [mő- 2H Ȝ8- dzAMi`Q/m++BƦM /2H +QMi2tiQ `BiKûiB+Q- H Ŀ+QMD2im` M@ #2HBMŀ 7mM/K2MiHǴ (RN3R- d@N)- b2 /2Mi` 2M 2H +Q`xƦM KBbKQ /2 G H`; K`+?  i`pûb H i2Q`ő /2 :HQBbX 1M 272+iQ- bB K 2b mM 2ti2MbBƦM /2 iBTQ }MBiQ bQ#`2 Q- K 2b mM +Hmbm` H;2#`B+ /2 K v Γ = Gal(K : K)- 2H 2bim/BQ URV `BiKûiB+Q- UkV H;2#`B+QUjV ;2QKûi`B+Q v U9V iQTQHƦ;B+Q /2 Hb ++BQM2b /2 Γ bQ#`2 URV +m`pb- UkV 2b[m2Kb- UjV 2bT+BQb KQ/mHB v U9V /B#mDQb /2 MBƢQb b2 +QMpB2`i2 2M 2H T`Q;`K +2Mi`H /2 H GQM;m2 99j

999

1H Ȝj- dzo`BMi2b T`Q@KmHiB;HQBbBMb- `2bT2+iBpK2Mi2 T`Q}MBibǴ (RN3R- 9) bQHQ BM+Hmv2 2H iőimHQX 1M 2H Ȝ9 T`2+2 2M 7`M+ûb dz+QKTHûK2Mi@`2KQ`/Ǵ- +QM mM HTbmb U/2#2`ő b2` dz`2KQ`/bǴV [m2 Tm2/2 T`Qp2MB` /2 H i`Mb+`BT+BƦM- T2`Q [m2 iK#BûM Tm2/2 b2` iőTB+Q /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F- [mB2M  K2Mm/Q BM+m``ő 2M 7HHb /2 Q`iQ;`7őX am +`€+i2` dzBM7MiBHǴ Up2` Mm2bi`Qb *TőimHQb R9@Re #DQV b2 `2~2D iK#BûM bő 2M +B2`iQb 7`;K2MiQb /2 iBTQ;`7ő dzBM;2MmǴX _2+mû`/2b2 2H dzH2M;mD2 KƦ/mHQ *Ǵ /2 a2``2 Up2` ``B#- TX RyeV v bmb +QMb2+m2M+Bb K2iQ/QHƦ;B+b bQ#`2 Hb +i2;Q`őb +Q+B2Mi2X

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K`+?2 (RN3R) v /2H 1b#QxQ /2 mM T`Q;`K (RN39)X :`Qi?2M/B2+F 2KTB2x 2bim/BM/Q 2H +bQ /2 HQb T`2b (X, S) /QM/2 X 2b mM 2b[m2K T`Qv2+iBpQ HBbQ bQ#`2 K /2 /BK2MbBƦM ≤ 1 v S 2b mM bm#2b[m2K }MBiQ `2/m+B/Q998 T`QTB/Q (RN3R- d)X a2 Tm2/2 2MiQM+2b T2Mb` 2M

H +i2;Q`ő 7Q`K/ TQ` HQb T`2b (X, S) +QM KQ`}bKQb /2 2b[m2Kb Uf : X ′ → XV [m2 T`2b2`pM BMp2`bK2Mi2 HQb bQTQ`i2b Usupp(S ′ ) = f −1 supp(S)V- v 2H Q#D2iBpQ +QMbBbi2 2M

#mb+` dzmM Ŀ/2b+`BT+BƦM ;HQBbBMŀ /2 2bi +i2;Q`őǴ (RN3R- d)X 1M 2H +bQ 2M [m2 X 2b mM +m`p T`Qv2+iBp HBb +QM2t bQ#`2 Ω +KTQ H;2#`B+K2Mi2 +2``/Q v S 2b mM T`i2 }MBi /2 X- bB U = X \ S- g 2b 2H ;ûM2`Q /2 X v n = card(S)- :`Qi?2M/B2+F 2MmM+B H

2[mBpH2M+B /2 i`2b +QM/B+BQM2b UBV π1 (U ) MQ #2HBMQ- UBBV Aut(U ) }MBiQ- UBBBV /BbvmM+BƦM Ug ≥ 2V Q Ug = 1, n ≥ 1V Q Ug = 0, n ≥ 3V- v /2}M2 [m2 2H T` (X, S) 2b M#2HBMQ bB p2`B}+ H;mM /2 Hb i`2b +QM/B+BQM2b Mi2`BQ`2b99e (RN3R- d)X

*QKQ  iQ/Q 2b[m2K X HQ+HK2Mi2 /2 iBTQ }MBiQ bQ#`2 S Uv- 2M T`iB+mH`  HQb T`2b (X, S) `2+BûM K2M+BQM/Qb- v b2M M#2HBMQb Q MQV b2 H2 Tm2/2 bQ+B` dzmM Q#D2iQ Ŀ/2 Mim`H2x ;HQBbBMŀ-  b#2` 2H ;`mTQB/2 7mM/K2MiH T`Q}MBiQ Π1 (X)Ǵ (RN3R- d)bB;M+BƦM [m2 `2bmHi b2` 7mMiQ`BH v Tm2/2 HQ+HBx`b2 2M mM TmMiQ (X %→ π1 (X, ξ))99d 998

99e

99d

lM 2b[m2K X 2b `2/m+B/Q bB bmb MBHHQb 2bi`m+im`H2b OU (X) UT` iQ/Q #B2`iQ U V MQ TQb22M MBHTQ@ i2Mi2b MQ MmHQbX hQ/Q 2b[m2K }MBiQ `2/m+B/Q 2b }MBiQ ûiH2 (RN3R- d)X *QKQ  K2Mm/Q bm+2/2- Hb ?BTƦi2bBb /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F T`Qp22M mM K#B2Mi2 /2 bmpBx+BƦM /QM/2 Tm2/2M 2K2`;2` +B2`ib +QMD2im@ `H2b Mim`H2bX ő- H T`Qv2+iBpB//- H HBbm`- H }MBim/ v H `2/m++BƦM T`Qp22M 2H K#B2Mi2 TH€biB+Q [m2 HH2p Mim`HK2Mi2  Hb +QMD2im`b M#2HBMbX /2K€b- 2M 2H +bQ Ω ⊆ C- T`QTQM2 Qi` +QM/B+BƦM 2[mBpH2Mi2, 2H `2+m#`BKB2MiQ mMBp2`bH /2 X \ S 2b BbQKQ`7Q H b2KBTHMQ /2 SQBM+`û (RN3R- d)X u 2M 2H +bQ Ω = Q, S ̸= ∅- bm`;2 Qi` +QM/B+BƦM K€b, 2H `2+m#`BKB2MiQ mMBp2`bH /2 X \ S 2b BbQKQ`7Q  P1Ω \ {0, 1, ∞} (RN3R- d)X 1bi ȹHiBK 2[mBpH2M+B b2 +QKTƢ /2 mM bB;MB}+iBpQ bB;MQ dz\\Ǵ 2M 2H K`;2M- v Tm2/2 p2`b2 +QKQ H T`BK2` BMimB+BƦM /2 bmb B/2b TQbi2`BQ`2b bQ#`2 HQb /B#mDQb /2 MBƢQb Up2` Mm2bi`Q *TőimHQ Rk #DQVX o2KQb +ƦKQ b2 +QK#BMM 2M 2biQb ~b?b BMB+BH2b BMimB+BQM2b ;HQ#H2b v /m/b T`iB+mH`2b- 2bi`m+im`b T`Q7mM/b v 2D2KTHQb +QM+`2iQb- +QK2MxM/Q  /2b``QHH`b2 bő mM Mm2pQ 2biBHQ 2M 2H T2MbKB2MiQ /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+FX ξ 2b mM TmMiQ ;2QKûi`B+Q bQ#`2 K v π1 (X, ξ) 2b 2H ;`mTQB/2 7mM/K2MiH T`Q}MBiQ bQ#`2 π1 (K, ξ) (RN3RN)X _2+mû`/2b2- 2M Qi`Q +QMi2tiQ- 2H ;`mTQB/2 7mM/K2MiH /2 mM +i2;Q`ő ;HQBbBM Up2` ``B#TX kjyV, Hb BMp2biB;+BQM2b /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F bB2KT`2 Q7`2+2M KȹHiBTH2b +QMi`TmMiQb-  H #ȹb[m2/ /2 `[m2iBTQb T2`/B/Qb [m2 T2`KBiM +Q#BD` bmp2K2Mi2 H KmHiBTHB+B// Ki2K€iB+X 1bim/B`2KQb H;mMb +QM2tBQM2b +QM  H #ȹb[m2/ /2H iB2KTQ T2`/B/Q /2 S`Qmbi 2M Mm2bi`Q *TőimHQ R3 #DQX

RyX G GPL:l1 J_*>1 § h_o1_a G h>úP_A1 .1 :GPAa URN3RV

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H +QMD2im` M#2HBM 7mM/K2MiH +QMbBbi2 2MiQM+2b 2M b2;m`` [m2 H `2bi`B++BƦM /2 2b2 7mMiQ`  HQb T`2b M#2HBMQb 2b TH2MQ v }2H993 U+QM HQ [m2 mM p`B2// M#2HBM 2bi`ő +QKTH2iK2Mi2 +`+i2`Bx/ TQ` bm ;`mTQ 7mM/K2MiH+tBB V99N (RN3R- N)X .2#2 Q#b2`p`b2 [mő H BMp2`bBƦM 2b2M+BH /2H T`Q;`K T`QTm2biQ TQ` SQBM+`û 2M H iQTQHQ;ő H;2#`B+, KB2Mi`b SQBM+`û +QMbi`mv2 Q#D2iQb H;2#`B+Qb U;`mTQb /2 ?QKQHQ;ő v ?QKQ@ iQTőV T` BMi2Mi` +`+i2`Bx` Q#D2iQb iQTQHƦ;B+Qb- :`Qi?2M/B2+F T2`+B#2 Hb K`2b /2H €H;2#` iQTQHƦ;B+ v +QMbi`mv2 Q#D2iQb iQTQHƦ;B+Qb U;`mTQb T`Q}MBiQb 7mM/K2MiH2bV T` BMi2Mi` +`+i2`Bx` Q#D2iQb H;2#`B+Qb Up`B2//2b v 2b[m2KbVX bő +QKQ H +QMD2im` /2 SQBM+`û /BQ Hm;`  mM bB;HQ /2 iû+MB+b 2ti`Q`/BM`Bb- H +QMD2im` M#2HBM /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F 2bi€ /M/Q Hm;` ?Q`  mM /2bTHB2;m2 /2 7b+BMMi2b Ki2K€iB+bX 993

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lM +QMD2im` T`2pB U8X8V T`QTQM2 mM +`+i2`Bx+BƦM bBM TmMiQb ;2QKûi`B+Qb-  HQ +mH :`Qi?2M/B2+F Ƣ/2  TB2 /2 T€;BM, dz2b mM TQ+Q 7HbQǴ (RN3R- N)X G T`Q;`2bBp T`2+BbBƦM /2 H +QMD2im` M#2HBM U8X8 #BbV iQK Km+?b /2 Hb T€;BMb TQbi2`BQ`2b /2 H GQM;m2 K`+?2X aB;mB2M/Q 2H +QK2Mi`BQ /2 a+?M2Tb- Tm2/2 Q#b2`p`b2 2M CTƦM mM /2 Hb ;`M/2b `KB}++BQM2b /2 H Q#` /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+FX SQ` Qi`Q H/Q- bB b2 +QK#BM 2b `2+2T+BƦM DTQM2b +QM Hb 7m2`i2b T2M2i`+BQM2b 2M Hb 2b+m2Hb `mb U.`BM72H/- EQMib2pB+?- oQ2pQ/bFvV- MQ`i2K2`B+M UJmK7Q`/- ZmBHH2MV- BM;H2b UiBv?V v 7`M+2b U*QMM2b- GzQ`;m2V- TQ` bQHQ K2M+BQM` mM THûv/2 /2 J2/HHBbib 6B2H/b +2`+MQb  bm Q#`- b2 H+Mx  b2MiB` TH2MK2Mi2 H mMBp2`bHB// /2 H BM~m2M+B ;`Qi?2M/B2+FBMX _2bmHi ȹiBH [mő mM /2b+`BT+BƦM +imHBx/ URNNdV /2 2b +QMD2im`X a2;ȹM G2BH a+?M2Tb- mMQ /2 HQb /Qb i2Kb T`BM+BTH2b /2 H GQM;m2 K`+?2 2b, dzRX :2QK2i`ő M#2HBMX a2 X mM p`B2// H;2#`B+ /2}MB/ bQ#`2 mM +KTQ K- v b2 x mM TmMiQ ;2QKûi`B+Q /2 XK = X ⊗ KX 1tBbi2 2MiQM+2b mM bm+2bBƦM bTHBi 2t+i 1 → π #1 (XK , x) → π #1 (XK , x) → Gal(K : K) → 1- /QM/2 π #1 (XK , x) /2MQi 2H ;`mTQ 7mM/K2MiH H;2#`B+Q /2 X- BbQKQ`7Q  H +QKTH2+BƦM

T`Q}MBi /2H ;`mTQ 7mM/K2MiH iQTQHƦ;B+Q /2 X- v π #1 (XK , x) 2b 2H ;`mTQ 7mM/K2MiH KBtiQ Q ûiH2 Q `BiKûiB+Q- BbQKQ`7Q H T`Q/m+iQ b2KB/B`2+iQ π #1 (XK , x) " Gal(K : K) UXXXV G T`2;mMi M#2HBM 2b, ǯ+m€Mi BM7Q`K+BƦM bQ#`2 H +Hb2 /2 BbQKQ`}bKQ /2 H p`B2// X b2 2M+m2Mi` 2M 2H +QMQ+BKB2MiQ /2H ;`mTQ 7mM/K2MiH ûiH2\ :`Qi?2M/B2+F HHK

p`B2//2b M#2HBMb [m2HHb p`B2//2b [m2 b2 2M+m2Mi`M +QKTH2iK2Mi2 /2i2`KBM/b TQ` bmb ;`mTQb 7mM/K2MiH2b ûiH2bc bm dzbm2ƢQ M#2HBMQǴ +QMbBbi2 2M +HbB}+` Hb p`B2//2b M#2HBMb 2M iQ/b Hb /BK2MbBQM2b bQ#`2 iQ/Qb HQb +KTQbX aQ#`2 Q- 2bT2` [m2 HQb 2bT+BQb KQ/mHB Mg,n b2M 2D2KTHQb M#2HBMQb #€bB+QbX 1M 2H +bQ T`iB+mH` /2 /BK2MbBƦM R- +QMD2im`Ʀ [m2 iQ/b Hb +m`pb ?BT2`#ƦHB+b /2}MB/b bQ#`2 +KTQb /2 MȹK2`Qb 2`M p`B2//2b M#2HBMbmM +QMD2im` T`BK2`Q T`Q#/ T` HőM2b T`Qv2+iBpb TmMi2/b TQ` LFKm` UBMB+BQ /2 HQb NybV- T` +m`pb }M2b TQ` hK;r URNN8V v }MHK2Mi2 T` iQ/b Hb +m`pb ?BT2`#ƦHB+b /2}MB/b bQ#`2 +KTQb /2 MȹK2`Qb TQ` JQ+?BxmFB URNNeVǴX oûb2 B#ő/X- TTX 8N@eyX

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1H Ȝe- dzM€HBbBb HQ+H /2 (X, S) 2M mM s ∈ SǴ (RN3R- N@RR)- BMi`Q/m+2 +QMbB/2`+BQM2b

`BiKûiB+b 2M €K#BiQb HQ+H2b U?2Mb2HBx/Qb- +m2`TQb `2bB/mH2b- bBbi2Kb /2 hi2- KmHiB@ /Bb+Qb v KmHiB+Q`QMb `BiKûiB+bV v THMi2 /B;`Kb /2 ;`mTQB/2b UΠV v /2 ;`mTQb UπV [m2 +Tim`M 2M T`i2 2bQb i`€MbBiQb HQ+H2bX 1H Ȝd- dz_27Q`KmH+BƦM Ŀ/2bQ`/2M/ŀ /2 H +QMD2im` U2H Tm`;iQ`BQ M2+2b`BQVǴ98y (RN3R- RR@ke)- 2b mM #m2M 2D2KTHQ /2H H#Q`iQ`BQ +i2;Ʀ`B+Q ;`Qi?2M/B2+FBMQ 2M ++BƦMX  +/ (X, S) U+QM Hb T`QTB2//2b bmKB/b H BMB+BQ /2H Ȝ8V- :`Qi?2M/B2+F H2 bB;M mM MQM2iQ +MƦMB+Q /2 Ui`2bV ;`mTQB/2b v Ub2BbV 7mM@ iQ`2b (RN3R- RR@Rk)- [m2 +Tim`M mMBp2`bHK2Mi2 Hb T`QTB2//2b HB#`2b /2 +QMKmiiBpB// `BiKûiB+ bQ+B/b  H bBim+BƦMX  bm p2x-  mM MBp2H k@+i2;Ʀ`B+Q- HQb KQ`}bKQb 2Mi`2 HQb MQM2iQb 7Q`KM mM +i2;Q`ő U2M `2HB//- mM ;`mTQB/2V98R (RN3R- Rj)X GQb MQM2iQb +QM bmb KQ`}bKQb 7Q`KM mM +i2;Q`ő #Q`/ûHB[m2 B- /QM/2 HBi2`HK2Mi2 2biHH H BM7Q`@ K+BƦM +i2;Ʀ`B+ HB;/  HQb 2b[m2Kb- v b2 Q#iB2M2 mM 7mMiQ` /2 H +i2;Q`ő /2 HQb T`2b

(X, S) 2M H +i2;Q`ő BX :`Qi?2M/B2+F T`QTQM2 2MiQM+2b bm +QMD2im` #Q`/ûHB[m2 UdXRV, H

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98R 98k

1H iû`KBMQ mb/Q TQ` :`Qi?2M/B2+F 2b dz#Q`/ûHB[m2Ǵ- /D2iBpQ #m`HƦM /2H H2M;mD2 +Q``B2Mi2 T` dz/2bQ`@ ;MBx/QǴ- dz/2bbi`QbQǴ- dz2biHH/QǴX 1H dz#Q`/2HǴ b2 +QM2+i +QM 2H dzTm`;iQ`BQǴ- 2bT+BQb /2 mM Q#` M2;` 2M ;2bi+BƦM- +QKQ b2 p2 2M Hb T€;BMb /2H Ȝd- +m#B2`ib /2 2MbvQb +i2;Ʀ`B+Qb v /2 /B;`Kb +QMKmiiBpQb [m2 b2 THB2;M (RN3R- RR- Rj- RN- kj) v /2bTHB2;M (RN3R- Rk- Re- R3) bQ#`2 2H TT2H-  H #ȹb[m2/ /2 mM +QM+BbBƦM bBMiûiB+ [m2 i`/ 2M HH2;`X 1bi2 ?2+?Q Tm2/2 p2`b2 +QKQ mM 2M+m2Mi`Q Mim`H +QM Hb n@+i2;Q`őb- [m2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F /2b``QHH`€ Hm2;Q 2M Sm`bmBM; ai+Fb (RN3j)X o2` Mm2bi`Q bB;mB2Mi2 *TőimHQ RR #DQX lM MQi K`+/ U V  TB2 /2 T€;BM b2ƢH [m2 dzH }/2HB// 2b 7€+BHǴXXX (RN3R- R9)X SQ` Qi`Q H/Q2H Ȝd 2t?B#2 Km+?b /m/b 2M T`Q#H2Kb /2 mMB+B//, dzbQHK2Mi2\Ǵ- dzBbQKQ`}bKQ\Ǵ- dzȹMB+Q\\Ǵ- dzmM Mȹ+H2Q\Ǵ- 2i+X (RN3R- R8- R3- RN- kR)X *B2`ib T`QTB2//2b /2 mMB+B// bQM bB2KT`2 7mM/K2MiH2b T` :`Qi?2M/B2+F- v [m2 2bi€M 2bi`2+?K2Mi2 HB;/b  bmb #ȹb[m2/b /2 Mim`HB//X G BKTQ`iM+B /2 H K`+? 2b [mő KMB}2bi, :`Qi?2M/B2+F /2b#`Qx mM TMQ`K +QKQ M/M/Q 2M xB;x; 2M H b2Hp Qb+m` /2H .Mi2X 1H +`€+i2` 2tTHQ`iQ`BQ /2 H K`+? MQb T2`KBi2 T`2+B` H `B[m2x BMp2MiBp /2 mM ;`M Ki2K€iB+Q- [m2 T2`+B#2 mM +BK  HQ H2DQb v [m2 Hm2;Q /2#2 +QMbi`mB` iQ/Q mM +QKTH2DQ M/KBD2 /2 `2/2b v +KBMQb T` ++2/2`  2b +BKX

RyX G GPL:l1 J_*>1 § h_o1_a G h>úP_A1 .1 :GPAa URN3RV

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RRX Sl_alAL: ah*Ea URN3jV

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RRX Sl_alAL: ah*Ea URN3jV

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RRX Sl_alAL: ah*Ea URN3jV

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RRX Sl_alAL: ah*Ea URN3jV

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*QM HQ Mi2`BQ`- ?2KQb `2;Bbi`/Q H;mMb /2 Hb 2bi`i2;Bb BMB+BH2b 2M Sm`bmBM; bi+Fb (RN3j) T` BMi2Mi` +Tim`` H +i2;Q`ő ?QKQiƦTB+ mbmH >Qi UCW @+QKTH2DQb +QM KQ`}bKQb +Hb2b /2 ?QKQiQTőV K2/BMi2 2bi`i2;Bb i H`;2 /2b/2 *i UHQ+HBx@ +BQM2b pő 2[mBpH2M+Bb /û#BH2bV9NN X oQHp2`2KQb bQ#`2 2biQ K€b /2HMi2 U.û`Bpi2m`b (RNNR)- Mm2bi`Q *TőimHQ Rj #DQV- v b2ƢHKQb #`2p2K2Mi2 ?Q`8yy H T`B+BƦM /2 Qi`b D2``[mBx+BQM2b [m2 ?M BM~m2M+B/Q MQi#H2K2Mi2 2H TMQ`K TQbi2`BQ` /2 H i2Q`ő /2 +i2;Q`őb- 2b /2+B`- H 2K2`;2M+B /2 2bi`m+im`b +i2;Ʀ`B+b /2 Q`/2M bmT2`BQ`X *QKQ ?2KQb pBbiQ- /2Mi`Q /2H T`Q;`K ;`Qi?2M/B2+FBMQ H T2`im` ?+B 2bi`iQb bmT2`BQ`2b 2b /2H iQ/Q Mim`H- v `2bTQM/2 H 2M`B[m2+BKB2MiQ T`Q7mM/Q /2 mM i2Q`ő /2 H K#B;Ƀ2// i`pûb /2 iQ``2b /2 +QM+2TiQbX 1M 2H +bQ +i2;Ʀ`B+Q- 2biQ +Q``2bTQM/2  mM T`Q;`2bBpQ 2M`B[m2+BK2MiQ /2 mMb +i2;Q`őb bQ#`2 Qi`b- +QM H 2bT2`Mx /2 TQ/2` +Ti` +QM 2HHQ 9NN

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S` mM T`2b2Mi+BƦM T`2+Bb /2 2bib T2`bT2+iBpb- bB;mB2M/Q v +QKTH2iM/Q +mB//QbK2Mi2  :`Qi?2M/B2+F- pûb2 :X JHibBMBQiBbX G i?ûQ`B2 /2 HǶ?QKQiQTB2 /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+FX biû`Bb[m2 jyRX S`Bb, aQ+Bûiû Ji?ûKiB[m2 /2 6`M+2- kyy8X .2#2M K2M+BQM`b2 [mő- bBM 2K#`;Q- /Qb H`;b /B;`2bBQM2b [m2 Q+m``2M 2Mi`2 H 2bi`i2;B *i @ >Qi v H D2``[mBx+BƦM n@+i2;Ʀ`B+, Ȝe3 dz.B;`2bBƦM bQ#`2 mM ĿMm2pQ +QMiBM2Mi2ŀǴ- ȜeN dz.B;`2bBƦM bQ#`2 b2Bb b2KMb /2 i`#DQb /2b/2 +2`QǴ UHQb iőimHQb T`2+2M 2M 2H őM/B+2 (AJ:- +Qi2 Rj9@k- 3)VX 1M 2H Ȝe3 Ukd /2 JvQV- :`Qi?2M/B2+F b2ƢH [m2 dz?M Tb/Q K€b /2 b2Bb b2KMb bBM ?#2` 2b+`BiQ MBM;mM MQiǴ (RN3j- RNR)- /2#B/Q  dz/Bbi`++BQM2bǴ H`2/2/Q` /2H G2;Q@h2B+?KɃHH2`-  bm p2x KQiBp/b 2M dzHQb +BM+Q Q b2Bb ƢQb 2M [m2 KB i2M+BƦM b2 pBQ i`ő/ TQ` H 7b+BMMi2 KBtim` (K2HiBM; TQi) /2 2bi`m+im`b +Hp2 2M ;2QK2i`ő- iQTQHQ;ő- `BiKûiB+- ;`mTQb /Bb+`2iQb v H;2#`B+Qb- 2bi`2+?K2Mi2 2Mi`2p2`/b 2M mM bm2`i2 /2 Kmv #€bB+ i2Q`ő /2 :HQBb@h2B+?KɃHH2`Ǵ (RN3j- RNk)X 1H TmMiQ +mHKBMMi2 `2bmHi b2` G HQM;m2 K`+?2 ¨ i`p2`b H i?ûQ`B2 /2 :HQBb (RN3R)- [m2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F +HB}+ +QKQ dz2H pBD2 K€b biBb7+iQ`BQ v 2t+BiMi2 [m2 ?2 i2MB/Q 2M Ki2K€iB+b ?bi 2H KQK2MiQǴ (RN3j- RNk)X hQKM/Q K€b /BbiM+B Ĝ2M HQb dzȹHiBKQb bB2i2 ƢQbǴ- 2b /2+B` 2M 2H T2`BQ/Q RNde@RN3j (RN3j- RNj)Ĝ :`Qi?2M/B2+F /2i2+i dz+mi`Q ;`M/2b T2`BQ/Qb /2 `2~2tBƦM Hi2`M/- mM T2`BQ/Q /2 `2~2tBƦM bQ#`2 i2Kb T2`bQMH2b Hi2`MM/Q +QM mMQ bQ#`2 Ki2K€iB+bǴ (RN3j- RNk)X GQb +mi`Q T2`BQ/Qb Ki2K€iB+Qb +Q``2bTQM/2M  UBV H GQM;m2 K`+?2- UBBV 2bim/BQb bQ#`2 H iQTQHQ;ő KQ/2`/ v 2H /2bTHB2;m2 (/ûTHQv2K2Mi- mM7QH/BM;) /2 2bi`m+im`b 2bi`iB}+/b- UBBBV mM dzb2KBM`BQ M#2HBMQ [m2 i2`KBMƦ Mi2b /2 iB2KTQ H T`BKp2` Tb/Ǵ v UBpV dzmM Mm2p `2~2tBƦM Ki2K€iB+ /2b/2 72#`2`QǴ USm`bmBM; bi+FbV (RN3j- RNk@RNj)X 1H pBpûM /2 Hb `2~2tBQM2b Q+m``2 dz+QKQ 2H BM+2bMi2 bm#B` v #D` /2 Hb QHb (p2`v Km+? HBF2 i?2 mM+2bBM; mT M/ /QrM Q7 rp2b)Ǵ (RN3j- RNj)- +QM iQ/Q iBTQ /2 7m2`i2b b2Mb+BQM2b BMpQHm+`/b, `2bTB`Q- b2/2M2`;ő- TbBƦM- KQ`- 7`2M2bő- 7b+BM+BƦM (RN3j- RNj@RN9) UT` /2b``QHHQb bQ#`2 2bi pBiHB//- p2` Mm2bi` a2++BƦM RRXj #DQVX o2KQb 2MiQM+2b +ƦKQ :`Qi?2M/B2+F +QK#BM pB/ UT2`bQMHV- +`2iBpB// UKi2K€iB+V v `2~2tBƦM UK2iQ/QHƦ;B+V  HQ H`;Q /2 /BHû+iB+b T2M/mH`2b [m2 b2 `2[mB2`2M Hb mMb  Hb Qi`b- iH +QKQ Ĝ2M 2H K`Ĝ Hb T`Q7mM/B//2b K`BMb- Hb +Q``B2Mi2b BMi2`K2/Bb v Hb QHb b2 +QMpQ+M mMb  Qi`bX

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:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

Hb iQ``2b /2 ?QKQiQTőX am`;2M bő /Bp2`bQb 2b+HQMKB2MiQb Mim`H2b 2M mM D2``[mő +`2+B2Mi2 /2 MBp2H2b v /2 T`Q+2bQb /2 `2~2tBƦM, n@+i2;Q`őb- n@;`mTQB/2b- ∞@+i2;Q`őb∞@;`mTQB/2bGAs X

Jm+?b /2 Hb B/2b T`BM+BTH2b bQ#`2 HQb Ʀ`/2M2b bmT2`BQ`2b b2 2M+m2Mi`M BKTHő+Bi@

K2Mi2 2M Sm`bmBM; bi+Fb (RN3j)- mM[m2- b2;ȹM JHibBMBQiBb- bB b2 H22 +QM +mB//Q- 2bib Tm2/2M iK#BûM 2tTHB+Bi`b2 2M 2H KMmb+`BiQ+ttBB X 1M 272+iQ- /2Mi`Q /2 Hb 2bi`i2;Bb ;2M2`H2b /2 bmpBx+BƦM8yR iőTB+b /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F- TQ/2KQb p2` +ƦKQ pM T`2+B2M/Q MQ+BQM2b bmp2b i H`;2 2M 2H €K#BiQ ;2M2`H *i Ĝ2Mi`2 Hb +mH2b- HQb KQ`}bKQb T`QTBQb 8yR

1M 2H ȜRRj Ukd ;QbiQV dzĿamp2ŀ p2`bmb Ŀ/m`Qŀ (ĿaQ7iŀ p2`bmb Ŀ?`/ŀ)Ǵ UiőimHQ 2M 2H őM/B+2 (AJ:+Qi2 Rj9@k- Ry)V- :`Qi?2M/B2+F /2b+`B#2 mM T`Q+2bQ /2 `mTim` /2 HQ #2HBMQ 2M H +QMbi`m++BƦM /2 }#`b /2 ?QKQiQTő /2 mM +QKTH2DQ USQbiMBFQpV- T`Q+2bQ [m2 +QMbB/2` dz#`miHǴ v dz/2bi`m+iQ` /2 `KQMőǴv T`QTQM2 2M bm Hm;` mM /ûpBbb;2 bmp2- +2`+MQ  HQ [m2 dz.BQb MQb /BQǴ (RN3j- 9e3)X G bmpB// v HQ /BpBMQ pM bő +QMp2`;B2M/Q ?+B Hb BMimB+BQM2b /2 G +H27 /2b bQM;2b (RN3d) UMm2bi`Q *TőimHQ R8 #DQVX lM T`B+BƦM Mim`H /2 MBHTQi2Mi2b 2M 2H /ûpBbb;2 bmp2 (RN3j- 9eN@9dy) `2+m2`/ 2H 7mM/K2MiH TT2H bmpBx/Q` /2 H MBHTQi2M+B 2M 1: (RN8N@e9)X

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a2;ȹM JHibBMBQiBb- b2 iB2M2 2H bB;mB2Mi2 S`Q;`K /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F, dz1H T`Q;`K /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F +QMbBbi2 2M KQbi`` [m2 T` iQ/Q n- 0 ≤ n ≤ ∞- 2H 2bim/BQ /2 HQb iBTQb /2 ?QKQiQTő n@i`mM+/Qb 2b 2[mBpH2Mi2 H /2 HQb n@;`mTQB/2b

UXXXV 1M T`iB+mH`- 2H 2bim/BQ /2 HQb iBTQb /2 ?QKQiQTő MQ i`mM+/Qb i2M/`€ [m2 b2` 2[mBpH2Mi2 H /2 HQb ∞@;`mTQB/2bX S` 2HHQ- b2 i`i /2 bQ+B`-  iQ/Q 2bT+BQ iQTQHƦ;B+Q Q +QMDmMiQ bBKTHB+BH X- mM n@;`mTQB/2 7mM/K2MiH Πn (X);2M2`HBxM/Q 2H ;`mTQB/2 7mM/K2MiH /2 SQBM+`û T` n = 1X G B/2 2pB/2Mi2 2b [m2 HQb Q#D2iQb /2 Πn (X) /2#2M b2` HQb TmMiQb /2 X- Hb R@~2+?b HQb +KBMQb /2 X- Hb k@~2+?b Hb ?QKQiQTőb 2Mi`2 +KBMQb- Hb j@~2+?b Hb ?QKQiQTőb 2Mi`2 ?QKQiQTőb- 2i+X a2 i`i 2MiQM+2b /2 /2}MB` H 2bT2+B2 /2 2bi`m+im`b /2 n@;`mTQB/2b [m2 T2`KBiB`ő `2HBx` 2b2 T`Q;`KǴX oûb2 :X JHibBMBQiBbX AM}MB ;`QmTQøî/2b /ǶT`ĕb :`Qi?2M/B2+FX S`2T`BMiX m`H, ?iiTb,ffr2#mb2`bXBKD@ T`;X7`f;2Q`;2bXKHibBMBQiBbfTbfBM7;``iXT/7- TX kX

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G i2`KBMQHQ;ő ?Q` mb/ 2b TQbi2`BQ`  :`Qi?2M/B2+FX

lM R@+i2;Q`ő 2b mM +i2;Q`ő Q`/BM`B UQ#D2iQb v KQ`}bKQbV- v- TQ`

BM/m++BƦM- mM n@+i2;Q`ő 2b mM +i2;Q`ő +QM n@KQ`}bKQb 2Mi`2 (n − 1)@KQ`}bKQbX

*i 2b mM k@+i2;Q`ő +QM i`Mb7Q`K+BQM2b

Mim`H2b Uk@KQ`}bKQbV 2Mi`2 7mMiQ`2b UR@KQ`}bKQbVX aB +B2`ib +QM/B+BQM2b /2 B;mH// 2M mM MBp2H b2 `22KTHxM TQ` +QM/B+BQM2b /2 BbQKQ`}bKQ 2M 2H bB;mB2Mi2 MBp2H UTQ` 2D2KTHQ- 2M iQTQHQ;ő- H +QKTQbB+BƦM /2 +KBMQb bQHQ p2`B}+ +B2`ib B;mH//2b KƦ/mHQ ?QKQiQTőV2K2`;2 2H €K#BiQ /2 Hb n@+i2;Q`őb /û#BH2bX lM ;`mTQB/2 2b mM +i2;Q`ő 2M H [m2 iQ/Q KQ`}bKQ 2b BMp2`iB#H2 UmM ;`mTQ mbmH 2b 2MiQM+2b 2b2M+BHK2Mi2 mM ;`mTQB/2 +QM mM bQHQ Q#D2iQVX GQb T`2}DQb ∞ 2tiB2M/2M Hb MQ+BQM2b /2 i`mM++BƦM UnV T` iQ/Q n ≥ 1X 1tBbi2M Kmv

/Bp2`bb /2}MB+BQM2b v tBQKiBx+BQM2b T` MQ+BQM2b /2 Q`/2M bmT2`BQ` 2M i2Q`ő /2 +i2;Q`őb- ȹM TQ` 2bi#BHBx`b2 +QKTH2iK2Mi2 Up2` KȹHiBTH2b 2Mi`/b bQ#`2 2biQb i2Kb 2M Hb T€;BMb r2# /2H M@G#VX Gb +i2;Q`őb /2 Q`/2M bmT2`BQ` Un, ∞V +QMbiBimv2M +imHK2Mi2 mMQ

/2 HQb +KTQb K€b +iBpQb /2 H i2Q`ő /2 +i2;Q`őb- +QM iQ/ mM ;2M2`+BƦM /2 DƦp2M2b TbBQM/Qb 2M 2H i2K v +QM ;`M/2b Ki2K€iB+Qb +QKQ Gm`B2 T`Q/m+B2M/Q TQ`i2b bm#biM+BH2b 2M bm /2b``QHHQX

RRX Sl_alAL: ah*Ea URN3jV

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v HBbQb+ttBBB Ĝ [m2 bB`p2M /2 #b2  iû+MB+b Kmv ;2M2`H2b /2 /2b+2MbQ, dzUXXXV Hb }#`+BQM2b bQM HBbb- Hb +Q}#`+BQM2b bQM T`QTBbX 1biQ 2b Kmv MQi#H2- v [m2 Hb MQ+BQM2b /2 +i2@ ;Q`őb }#`/b v +Q}#`/b b2 BMi`Q/mD2`QM 2M 2H €K#BiQ /2 Ŀ+i2;Q`őb ;`M/2bŀ- T` +Ti` H;mMb T`QTB2//2b 2bi€M/` 2M+QMi`/b 2M iQ/b Hb bBim+BQM2b /2 Ŀ+K#BQ /2 #b2ŀ Uv Hm2;Q H bBim+BƦM /mH /2 +K#BQ /2 +Q@#b2V Ĝ bB2M/Q H T`BM+BTH KQiBp+BƦM H M2+2bB// /2 7Q`KmH`- +QM mM KőMBKQ /2 T`2+BbBƦM- mM K`+Q T` Hb Ŀiû+MB+b /2 /2b+2MbQŀ 2M ;2QK2i`ő H;2#`B+X UXXXV lM bQ`T`2b ȹM KvQ` 7m2 H /mHB// 2Mi`2 Hb MQ+BQM2b /2 HQ T`QTBQ v HQ HBbQXXXǴ (RN3j- k3j)X 1M 2H b+2MbQ v 2H /2b+2MbQ- T`2+2M HQb bHiQb 2Mi`2 2[mBpH2M+Bb /û#BH2b U MBp2H nV v Hb 2[mBpH2M+Bb mbmH2b U MBp2H n + 1V- HQ [m2 / T`Q;`2bBpK2Mi2 Hm;`  /Bp2`bb D2``[mőb, dz:`@n@bi+Fb 2M iû`KBMQb /2 :`@∞@bi+FbǴ (RN3j- Rj)- dziQTQHQ;őb TN BM+QM@ p2MB2Mi2bǴ v dziQTQHQ;ő T∞ +QMp2MB2Mi2 UXXXV T` `2+mT2`` HQb iBTQb /2 ?QKQiQTő /2 Q#D2iQb /2 *iǴ (RN3j- kk)- dz7Q`KHBbKQ /2 BMp`BMi2b #€bB+Qb U+QKQ πi - Hi Q H i V +QM

pHQ`2b 2M +i2;Q`őbǴ (RN3j- kyd)- dz;`mTQB/2b v n@;`mTQB/2b Un }MBiQV [m2 ;2M2`M iBTQb /2 ?QKQiQTő i`mM+/QbǴ (RN3j- ky3)- dzbQHm+BQM2b k@mMBp2`bH2b  T`Q#H2Kb k@mMBp2`bH2bǴ (RN3j- 9kj)- dzĿ2b[m2KiBx+BQM2b  MBp2H nŀ T` mM iBTQ /2 ?QKQiQTő //Q UXXXV BMpQHm@ +`M/Q ;`mTQb /2 ?QKQiQTő πi T` i ≥ nǴ (RN3j- 999)- dziBTQb /2 ?QKQiQTő n@+QM2tQbǴ

(RN3j- 99e)- dz+i2;Q`őb Hotn (k) /2 iBTQb /2 ?QKQiQTő 2b[m2K€iB+Qb n@+QM2tQb bQ#`2 kǴ (RN3j- 9de)- dz/ûpBbb;2 X %→ Xn /QM/2 Xn b2 /2/m+2 /2 X ĿKiM/Q bmb πi Ƕb T` i > nŀǴ (RN3j- 8jj)- 2i+X Gb MQ+BQM2b +i2;Ʀ`B+b /2 Q`/2M bmT2`BQ` `2+Q``2M bő iQ/Q 2H i2tiQX +ttBBB

lM HQ+HBx/Q` 7mM/K2MiH W T` mM +i2;Q`ő 2b mM bm#+QMDmMiQ /2 ~2+?b +2``/Q #DQ B/2MiB//2b- i`BM;mH+BQM2bb2++BQM2b- ~2+?b }MH2b v `2H2pQbX GQb 2H2K2MiQb /2 W tBQKiBxM Hb 2[mBpH2M+Bb /û#BH2b- 2b /2+B`- Hb p2`//2`b 2[mBpH2M+Bb 2M `2}MKB2MiQb /2 Q`/2M bmT2`BQ`X lM KQ`}bKQ u : A → B 2M *i 2b W @2b7û`B+Q bB T` iQ/Q b 2M B- u/b : A/b → B/b ∈ W X GQb KQ`}bKQb T`QTBQb v HBbQb b2 /2}M2M /2 KM2` +MƦMB+ U+Q/mH v /mHV +QM

`2bT2+iQ  H 2b72`B+B//X *QM iQ/Q 2HHQ- Tm2/2 2bim/B`b2 mM dzi2Q`ő 2H2K2MiH ?QKQiƦTB+ /2 +i2;Q`őbǴ-  i`pûb /2 −1 Hb dz+i2;Q`őb ?QKQiƦTB+bǴ Hot(A) = WA Hom(A, Cat) /QM/2 A 2b mM +i2;Q`ő T2[m2Ƣ v WA 2b mM /2+m/Q

HQ+HBx/Q` 7mM/K2MiH T` AX oûb2 ő/X- G i?ûQ`B2 /2 HǶ?QKQiQTB2 /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F- TTX RN- ky- RyN- RRjX

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:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

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aőMi2bBb +QM+2TimH

GQb bi+Fb T`2+2M 2M Kmv /Bp2`bb ;mBbb  HQ H`;Q /2H /Q+mK2MiQ (RN3j) Ĝ+Q2}+B2Mi2b 2M mM €H;2#` ?QKQHƦ;B+ MQ +QMKmiiBp- 2bi`iB}+/Q`2b 2M iQ``2b /2 +i2;Q`őb- +QM@ +2TiQb mMB}+/Q`2b /2 H ?QKQHQ;ő v H ?QKQiQTőĜ T2`Q :`Qi?2M/B2+F MmM+ Q7`2+2 mM /2}MB+BƦM T`2+Bb /2H +QM+2TiQGs X 1biQ b2 /2#2 2M T`i2 H rQ`F BM T`Q;`2bb /2 Hb MQib/QM/2 T`BKM Hb HőM2b /2 7m; /2H 2/B}+BQ- 2M /2i`BK2MiQ /2 bmb 7mM/K2MiQb8yk X LQ Q#biMi2- H pBbBƦM Tm2/2 /2b;HQb`b2 2M H;mMb 2iTb #B2M K`+/b, UBV 2tBbi2M+B /2 ;`mTQb /2 miQKQ`}bKQb MQ i`BpBH2b UBMi2`ûb /2 H i2Q`ő /2 H K#B;Ƀ2// /2 :HQBbV T` 2bi`m+im`` +B2`ib 2bi`m+im`b UT`BK2` Bi2`+BƦM D2`€`[mB+ 2b2M+BHV- UBBV +HbB}++BƦM /2 2bb 2bi`m+im`b U2X;X 2bT+BQb KQ/mHBV ;`+Bb  p`B+BQM2b +QMiBMmb UBMi2`ûb /2 H i2Q`ő /2 `2T`2b2Mi+BQM2b /2 _B2KMMV T` /B72`2M+B` +B2`ib /B72`2M+Bb Ub2;mM/ Bi2`+BƦM D2`€`[mB+ 2b2M+BHV- UBBBV TT2H m#B+mQ /2 HQb ;`mTQB/2b UH;2#`B+Qb f iQTQHƦ;B+QbV 2M Hb i2K€iB+b Mi2`BQ`2b /2 2bi`m+im`+BƦM- `2T`2b2Mi+BƦM v /B72`2M+B+BƦM- UBpV BMi2;`+BƦM2M ?+2b bmT2`BQ`2b- /2 iQ/b Hb BM7Q`K+BQM2b /2 p`B+BƦM- T2;KB2MiQ- 2H2p+BƦM UBM@ v2++BƦMV v `2bi`B++BƦM UT`Qv2++BƦMVX G +Q?2`2M+B /2H T`Q;`K Tm2/2 p2`b2 bő ;`+Bb  mM bm2`i2 /2 ?x K2iQ/QHƦ;B+Q THB+/Q  H `B[m2x KBbK /2 H Ki2K€iB+X 8yk

G BKTQ`iM+B /2H 2biBHQ 2M Sm`bmBM; bi+Fb (RN3j) 2b 2b2M+BH, dz p2+2b ?HHQ /B7ő+BH 2M+QMi`` mM DmbiQ 2[mBHB#`BQ 2M 2bib MQib 2Mi`2- TQ` mM H/Q- H M2+2bB// /2 i`#D` bQ#`2 mM bm2HQ `xQM#H2K2Mi2 }`K2 v i`#D` bQ#`2 i2`KBMQHQ;őb v MQi+BQM2b bm;2biBpb T` HQ [m2 bB;m2- v- TQ` Qi`Q H/Q- KB `2bQHm+BƦM /2 MQ [m2/` i`T/Q /2 Mm2pQ TQ` 2H 2biBHQ /2 i`#DQ /2 HQb úHûK2Mib /2 :ûQKûi`B2 H;û#`B[m2- /QM/2 b2 2Mi2M/ő [m2 iQ/Q /2#ő 2H#Q``b2 2M +QKTH2iQ /2iHH2 v 2M K€tBK ;2M2`HB//T` 2H #2M2}+BQ /2 ;2M2`+BQM2b /2 Ŀmbm`BQbŀǴ (RN3j- 998)X

Gs

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HHK mM bi+F /2 ;`mTQB/2bX 1M 2H +bQ /2 HQb 2bT+BQb KQ/mHB- mM bi+F /2 KQ/mHB iB2M2 2M +m2Mi MQ bQHQ Hb +Hb2b /2 2[mBpH2M+B 2M HQb KQ/mHB- bBMQ HQb ;`mTQb /2 miQKQ`}bKQb /2 2bb 2bi`m+im`bX .2 2bi KM2`- 2M 2H /2b``QHHQ /2 HQb bi+Fb- T`2+2 /2 KM2` Mim`H H i2Q`ő /2 H K#B;Ƀ2// THB+/  H `BiKûiB+X S` mM ;mő /2H TMQ`K- p2` /Bp2`bb 2Mi`/b 2M Hb T€;BMb r2# /2H MG#X

RRX Sl_alAL: ah*Ea URN3jV

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RRX Sl_alAL: ah*Ea URN3jV

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8yd

dzoBD2 ?2m`őbiB+Q H /2b+m#`BKB2MiQ /2 HQb bi+FbǴ (RN3j- RR)- dzBiBM2``BQ T`QpBbBQMH /2H pBD2Ǵ (RN3jRk)- dzĿ`€TB/Q pBbixQŀ /2KbB/Q `€TB/Q 2M 272+iQǴ (RN3j- R9)- dz/B;`2bBƦM [m2 bB;m2 ``bi`€M/Qb2 2M KB K2Mi2Ǵ (RN3j- 8y)- dzMi2b [mB2`Q +Q``2;B` H;mMb BM2t+iBim/2bǴ (RN3j- Rk9)- dz?v ȹM iQ/Q mM `KBHH2i2 /2 T`2;mMib [m2 ?M 2bi/Q 2bT2`M/QǴ (RN3j- Rj3)- dz+QKQ bB2KT`2- MQ Tm2/Q `2bBbiB` b2` mM TQ+Q K€b ;2M2`HǴ (RN3j- R93)- dz2b+H`- bm/M/Q iH p2x- T` Q#i2M2` mM pBbBƦM  pm2HQ /2 T€D`Q /2H TBbD2- v iH p2x- [mBûM b#2- H }MH pQH`Ǵ (RN3j- Re3)- dz2K#`+` 2M mM H`;Q pBD2Ǵ (RN3j- RN9)dz2H }MH MQ 2bi€ ȹM  H pBbiǴ (RN3j- kNk)- dz/m/Q /2 [m2 K2 bmK2`;B`û 2M 2bb T`2;mMib v ȹM K€b /2 [m2 Q#i2M/`û mM BK;2M +H`Ǵ (RN3j- jyd)- dz/2 Mm2pQ- K2 bB2MiQ +QMD2im`M/Q ;`/mHK2Mi2 2M mM B`2 HBpBMQǴ (RN3j- jk3)- dzKB T`Q;`K T`QpBbBQMHǴ (RN3j- j8d)- dz+QMiBMȹQ +QM H BHmbBƦM /2 T2Mb` (rBb?7mH i?BMFBM;) bQ#`2 H 2b[m2KiBx+BƦM /2 HQb iBTQb /2 ?QKQiQTőǴ (RN3j- 9ey)X dzhH p2x 7mB 2t+2bBpK2Mi2 2MimbBbiǴ (RN3j- k3)- dzb2Mb+BƦM +`2+B2Mi2 /2 [m2 Ŀ2bi# `/B2M/QŀǴ (RN3j- jy)- dzb2Mb+BƦM /2 2bi` 2M mM B`2 HBpBMQǴ (RN3j- 9k)- dzb2Mb+BƦM /2 [m2 MQ /2#Q ȹM #m+2`Ǵ (RN3j- dR)- dzbQv T`BbBQM2`Q /2 mM T`2DmB+BQǴ (RN3j- dd)- dzH;mMb BKT`2bBQM2b HH2;`QM ;`/mHK2Mi2 

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RkX 1aZlAaa1 .ǶlL S_P:_JJ1 URN39V

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j9k

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

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RkX 1aZlAaa1 .ǶlL S_P:_JJ1 URN39V

j9j

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j99

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

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RkX 1aZlAaa1 .ǶlL S_P:_JJ1 URN39V

j98

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[m2 dz/2b/2 ?+2 /Qb Q i`2b ƢQb ?M 2D2`+B/Q bQ#`2 Kő mM 7b+BM+BƦM T`iB+mH`- K€b 7m2`i2 iH p2x [m2 MBM;ȹM Qi`Q Q#D2iQ Ki2K€iB+Q ?bi ?QvǴ (RN39- j@9)X aB;mB2M/Q Hb 2bi`i2;Bb ;`Qi?2M/B2+FBMb mbmH2b- bB2KT`2 T`2b2Mi2b /2b/2 H h2bBb (RN9N@8j)- `2bmH@ iM b2` 2M `2HB// H KmHiBTHB+B// /2 iQ/b 2bb KmHiBTHB+B//2b v bmb 2bi`iB}++BQM2b v i`Mb7Q`K+BQM2b 2bi`m+im`H2b Hb [m2 HHKM TQ/2`QbK2Mi2 bm i2M+BƦM,  /2+B` p2`//- (H 7b+BM+BƦM b2 /2#2) K€b #B2M H bBbi2K /2 iQ/b Hb KmHiBTHB+B//2b Mg,ν T` g- ν p`B#H2b- HB;/b 2Mi`2 2HHb TQ` mM +B2`iQ MȹK2`Q /2 QT2`+BQM2b 7mM/K2MiH2b U+QKQ Hb QT2`+BQM2b /2 dziT/m` (#Qm+?;2) /2 ?m2+QbǴ- BX2X /2 dz#Q``KB2MiQǴ /2 TmM@ iQb K`+/Qb- /2 dzT2;KB2MiQǴ- v Hb QT2`+BQM2b BMp2`bbV- [m2 bQM 2H `2~2DQ 2M ;2QK2i`ő H;2#`B+ #bQHmi /2 +`+i2`őbiB+ +2`Q UTQ` 2H KQK2MiQV /2 QT2`+BQM2b ;2QKûi`B+b 7@ KBHB`2b /2b/2 2H TmMiQ /2 pBbi /2 H dz+B`m;őǴ iQTQHƦ;B+ Q +QM7Q`K2 /2 Hb bmT2`}+B2bX G T`BM+BTH `xƦM bBM /m/ /2 2bi 7b+BM+BƦM 2b [m2 2b 2bi`m+im` ;2QKûi`B+ Kmv `B+ bQ#`2 2H bBbi2K /2 KmHiBTHB+B//2b KQ/mH`2b dz#B2`ibǴ Mg,ν b2 `2~2D 2M mM 2bi`m+im` M€HQ;

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UH2M;mD2- `2T`2b2Mi+BƦM- HƦ;B+VX G BM/2T2M/2M+B /2 dziQ/Q H2M;mD2 iû+MB+QǴ 2b /2 2MQ`K2 BK@ TQ`iM+B T` 2H 2Mi2M/BKB2MiQ /2 H +`2iBpB// Ki2K€iB+- H;Q [m2 mM }HQbQ7ő +2Mi`/ 2M 2H H2M;mD2 U+QKQ H }HQbQ7ő MHőiB+V MmM+ ? TQ/B/Q +Ti`X 1b +Hp2 [mő 2H /2b+2MbQ  Q#D2iQb +QM+`2iQb /2 ;`M b2M+BHH2x, dzJB2Mi`b [m2- 2M KBb BMp2biB;+BQM2b Mi2`BQ`2b  RNdy- KB i2M+BƦM b2 /B`B;ő bBbi2K€iB+K2Mi2  Q#D2iQb /2 ;2M2`HB// KtBKH- T` /2bT2D` mM H2M;mD2 /2 +QMDmMiQ /2+m/Q T` 2H KmM/Q /2 H ;2QK2i`ő H;2#`B+ UXXXV K2 p2Q [mő HH2p/Q /2 pm2Hi- K2/BMi2 Q#D2iQb iM bBKTH2b [m2 mM MBƢQ Tm2/2 +QMQ+2`HQb H Dm;` +QM 2HHQb HQb BMB+BQb v Q`ő;2M2b /2 H ;2QK2i`ő H;2#`B+- 7KBHB`2b  _B2KMM v bmb ûKmHQbX .2b/2 HQb H`2/2/Q`2b /2 RNd8- 7m2`QM bő H ;2QK2i`ő /2 bmT2`}+B2b U`2H2bV v-  T`iB` /2 RNdd- Hb +QM2tBQM2b 2Mi`2 T`2;mMib /2 H ;2QK2i`ő /2 bmT2`}+B2b v H ;2QK2i`ő /2 +m`pb H;2#`B+b /2}MB/b bQ#`2 +m2`TQb +QKQ C Q R- Q /2 2ti2MbBQM2b /2 iBTQ }MBiQ bQ#`2 Q- Hb [m2 7m2`QM KB T`BM+BTH 7m2Mi2 /2 BMbTB`+BƦM v KB +QMbiMi2 ?BHQ +QM/m+iQ`X 1b +QM bQ`T`2b v K`pBHH +ƦKQ-  HQ H`;Q /2 HQb ƢQb/2b+m#`ő UQ K€b #B2M- bBM /m/- `2/2b+m#`őV H `B[m2x T`Q/B;BQb- `2HK2Mi2 BM;Qi#H2- H T`Q7mM/B// BMbQbT2+?/ /2 2b2 i2K- /2 T`B2M+B iM MQ/BMǴ (RN39- k@j)X :`Qi?2M/B2+F 2tT`2b +QM 7m2`x H +QKTH2K2Mi+BƦM Mim`H /2 HQ #bi`+iQ v HQ +QM+`2iQ 2M Ki2K€iB+b- H `B[m2x /mH /2H b+2MbQ v 2H /2b+2MbQ- Kmv H2DQb /2 HQb B;M`Qb v #m`/Qb +HB}+iBpQb /2 dzbBM b2MiB/Q #bi`+iQǴ THB+/Qb  K2Mm/Q  bm Q#`X

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bQ#`2 HQb ;`mTQB/2b 7mM/K2MiH2b +Q``2bTQM/B2Mi2b- HQb dz;`mTQB/2b /2 h2B+?KɃHH2`Ǵ T* g,ν - v [m2 2bb QT2`+BQM2b H MBp2H /2 HQb T* TQb22M mM +`€+i2` HQ bm}+B2Mi2K2Mi2 BMi`őMb2+Q g,ν T` [m2 2H ;`mTQ /2 :HQBb Γ /2 Q/Q QT2`2 bQ#`2 2b dziQ``2Ǵ /2 ;`mTQB/2b /2 h2B+?KɃHH2``2bT2iM/Q iQ/b Hb 2bi`m+im`bX *Qb K€b 2ti`Q`/BM`B ȹM- 2b QT2`+BƦM 2b }2H Ĝ  /2+B` p2`//- v 2b }2H 2M 2H T`BK2` dzTBbQǴ MQ i`BpBH /2 H iQ``2-  b#2` T* 0,4 Ĝ HQ [m2 bB;MB}+ iK#BûM- 2b2M+BHK2Mi2- [m2 H ++BƦM 2ti2`BQ` /2 Γ bQ#`2 2H ;`mTQ 7mM/K2MiH π* 0,3 /2 H `2+i T`Qv2+iBp 2bi€M/` P1 bQ#`2 Q- T`Bp/ /2 i`2b TmMiQb y- R- ∞- 2b v }2HX bő- 2H ;`mTQ /2 :HQBb Γ b2 `2HBx +QKQ mM ;`mTQ /2 miQKQ`}bKQb /2 mM ;`mTQ T`Q}MBiQ Kmv +QM+`2iQ- `2bT2iM/Q /2K€b +B2`ib 2bi`m+im`b 2b2M+BH2b /2H ;`mTQ (RN39- 9- ûM7bBb /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F)X

:`Qi?2M/B2+F +QMiBMȹ +QM mM H`;Q T€``7Q 2bT2+mHiBpQ +2`+ /2 mM 2p2MimH +`+@ i2`Bx+BƦM /2 Γ +QKQ bm#;`mTQ /2 AutExt(* π0,3 ) v +2`+ /2 Hb /Bp2`bb ++BQM2b /2 Γ bQ#`2 H iQ``2 /2 h2B+?KɃHH2` (RN39- 8)X lM /2 bmb 2bT2`Mxb +QMbBbi2 2M /2b+`B#B` H bBim+BƦM +QK#BMiQ`BK2Mi2 TQ` K2/BQ /2 ;2M2`/Q`2b v `2H+BQM2b+ttt - T2`Q Q#b2`p [m2 /Bp2`bb Q#bi`m++BQM2b Q+m``2M TQ` i`#D` +QM ;`mTQb 7mM/K2MiH2b- HB;/Qb  mM bQHQ TmMiQ #b2- v [m2 ?#`ő [m2 i`#D` 2M +K#BQ +QM ;`mTQB/2b 7mM/K2MiH2b- HB;/Qb  mM T[m2i2 /2 TmMiQb #b28kR (RN39- 8)X oQHpB2M/Q  Hb 2bi`m+im`b K€b b2M+BHHb- BM/B+ [m2 dzH ;2QK2i`ő KBbK /2H T`BK2` TBbQ /2 H iQ``2 /2 h2B+?KɃHH2` UXXXV MQ ? bB/Q MmM+ #B2M 2tTHB+Bi/- TQ` 2D2KTHQ H `2H+BƦM 2Mi`2 2H +bQ /2 ;ûM2`Q y v H ;2QK2i`ő /2H Q+i2/`Q v /2H i2i`2/`QX UXXXV >2 +QK2Mx/Q  KB`` M0,5 2M H;mMQb KQK2MiQb T2`/B/Qb- 2b mM 8kR

.2 2bi KM2`- T`H2HK2Mi2  HQb /2b``QHHQb 2M HQb bi+Fb- H MQ+BƦM /2 ;`mTQB/2 p /[mB`B2M/Q KvQ` Mim`HB// 2M 2H T2MbKB2MiQ ;`Qi?2M/B2+FBMQX GQb ;`mTQB/2b- [m2 T`2+2M bQ+B/Qb  iBTQb /2 ?QKQiQTő v- ?Q`-  ++BQM2b bQ#`2 H iQ``2 /2 h2B+?KɃHH2`- Km2bi`M H 2K2`;2M+B /2 mM Mm2p ;2QK2i`ő /2 HQ KȹHiBTH2- bm#v+2Mi2  bBim+BQM2b /2 bmpB// 2M H iQTQHQ;ő v 2M H p`B#H2 +QKTH2DX hQ/Q 2biQ `27m2`x- mM p2x K€b- H +QM2tBƦM 2b2M+BH KmHiBTHB+B// @ Mim`HB// @ bmpB//- +2Mi`H 2M H Q#` /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+FX

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$ ,  bm`p2vǴX 1M, :2QK2i`B+ :HQBb +iBQMbX +QMb2;mB/Q- pûb2 GX a+?M2TbX dzh?2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F@h2B+?KɃHH2` ;`QmT GT `QmM/ :`Qi?2M/B2+FǶb 1b[mBbb2 /ǶmM S`Q;`KK2X GQM/QM, *K#`B/;2 lMBp2`bBiv S`2bb- RNNd- T€;bX R3j@kyjX

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p2`//2` DQv- +QM mM ;2QK2i`ő Kmv `B+ HB;/  [m2HH /2H B+Qb2/`QǴ8kk (RN39- 8@e)X :`Qi?2M/B2+F b2 /2Mi` Hm2;Q 2M H 2tTHQ`+BƦM 2bi`m+im`H /2 H iQ``2 v +QMD2im`8kj [m2 dzH iQ``2 2Mi2` b2 `2+QMbiBimv2  T`iB` /2 HQb /Qb T`BK2`Qb TBbQbǴ U+bQb 2M HQb [m2 3g − 3 + ν ≤ 2V- Tm2b 2M 2H T`BK2` TBbQ b2 i2M/`ő mM bBbi2K +QKTH2iQ /2 ;2M2`/Q`2b v 2M 2H b2;mM/Q TBbQ mM bBbi2K +QKTH2iQ /2 `2H+BQM2b (RN39- e)X 1M HQb /Qb T`BK2`Qb TBbQb

/2 H iQ``2 b2 2M+m2Mi`M 2MiQM+2b dz/Q+2 ĿTB2xb /2 +QMbi`m++BƦMŀ 7mM/K2MiH2b Ue /2 ;ûM2`Q y- e /2 ;ûM2`Q RV 2M mM ĿDm2;Q /2 G2;Q@h2B+?KɃHH2`ŀ U;`M +DV8k9 UXXXV /QM/2 Hb TB2xb /2 +QMbi`m++BƦM Tm2/2M DmMi`b2 TQ` 7`QiKB2MiQ bmp2 +QKQ 2M 2H Dm2;Q /2 G2;Q Q`/BM`BQ [m2`B/Q TQ` Mm2bi`Qb MBƢQb UQ MB2iQbXXXVǴ (RN39- 3)X G a2++BƦM k i2`KBM +QM mM /Bb+mbBƦM /2 Hb /2b+QKTQbB+BQM2b +2HmH`2b bQ+B/b  Hb +Db ;`M/2 v T2[m2Ƣ /2 G2;Q* v TQbimH H Q#i2M+BƦM /2 /2b+QKTQbB+BQM2b bBKBH`2b 2M 2H +bQ ;2M2`H M g,ν (RN39- 3@N)X .2 2bi KM2`- b2 i`2MxM HQ +QKTH2DQ+tttB - HQ H;2#`B+Q- HQ +QK#BMiQ`BQ- HQ iQTQHƦ;B+Q v

HQ ;2QKûi`B+Q /2 #D /BK2MbBƦM- 2M mM i2DB/Q /2 BM+H+mH#H2 `B[m2x Ki2K€iB+- /QM/2 b2 +QKTH2K2MiM bmp2K2Mi2 HQ HiQ v HQ #DQ- HQ ;2M2`H v HQ T`iB+mH`- HQ +i2;Ʀ`B+Q v HQ 2bi`m+im`HX 1H 2Mi`2HxKB2MiQ /2 H BMimB+BƦM dz+QKȹMǴ /2 Hb 7Q`Kb #B/BK2MbBQMH2b +QM

H BMimB+BƦM ;`Qi?2M/B2+FBM #bi`+i /2 Hb 7Q`Kb mMBp2`bH2b T`Q/m+2 bő mM 7b+BMMi2 i2``2MQ K2/BQ- TQ+b p2+2b pBbiQ 2M H ?BbiQ`B /2 Hb Ki2K€iB+bX 8kk 8kj 8k9

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a2++BƦM 8X hQTQHQ;ő KQ/2`/X :`Qi?2M/B2+F BMB+B H b2++BƦM b2ƢHM/Q H dzM2+2bB@ // /2 7mM/K2MiQb Mm2pQb T` H iQTQHQ;ő Ŀ;2QKûi`B+ŀ- 2M mM /B`2++BƦM /2H iQ/Q /BbiBMi /2 H MQ+BƦM /2 iQTQb- 2 BM/2T2M/B2Mi2 ȹM /2 Hb M2+2bB//2b /2 H ;2QK2i`ő H@ ;2#`B+ Ŀ#bi`+iŀ UbQ#`2 +m2`TQb v MBHHQb /2 #b2 ;2M2`H2bVX 1H T`Q#H2K /2 T`iB/[m2 +QK2MxƦ  BMi`B;`K2 ?+2 v mM [mBM+2M /2 ƢQb- 2` 2H /2 /2}MB` mM i2Q`ő /2 Ŀ/2biQ`MBHHKB2MiQŀ (Ŀ/ûpBbb;2ŀ) /2 Hb 2bi`m+im`b 2bi`iB}+/b- T` `2+QMbiBimB`HbTQ` mM T`Q+2/BKB2MiQ +MƦMB+Q-  T`iB` /2 +B2`ib ĿTB2xb /2 +QMbi`m++BƦMŀ /2/m+B/b +MƦMB+K2Mi2 /2 H 2bi`m+im` //Ǵ8k8 (RN39- k8)X G `B[m2x /2 Hb 2bi`m+im`b 2bi`iB@ }+/b b2 /2bTHB2; 2M /Bp2`bQb MBp2H2b- /QM/2 b2 2Mi`2HxM Hb p`B+BQM2b +QMiBMmb- Hb /2;2M2`+BQM2b bBM;mH`2b- HQb +QTH2b /2 2bi`iQb `BiKûiB+Qb 2M KmHiBTHB+B//2b //b, .2#ő bBM /m/ T`2b2MiB` v H m#B+mB// /2 Hb 2bi`m+im`b 2bi`iB}+/b 2M T`€+iB+K2Mi2 iQ/Qb HQb /QKBMBQb /2 H ;2QK2i`ő UXXXV >2 pBbiQ T`2+2` iH2b 2bi`m+im`b- bQ#`2 iQ/Q- 2M iQ/b Hb bBim+BQM2b /2 dzKƦ/mHQbǴ T` Q#D2iQb ;2QKûi`B+Qb bmb+2TiB#H2b MQ bQHQ /2 p`B+BƦM +QMiBMm- bBMQ H KBbKQ iB2KTQ /2 72MƦK2MQb /2 dz/2;2M2`+BƦMǴ UQ /2 dz2bT2+BHBx+BƦMǴV Ĝ HQb 2bi`iQb +Q``2bTQM/B2M/Q 2MiQM+2b  HQb /Bp2`bQb dzMBp2H2b /2 bBM;mH`B//Ǵ UQ  HQb iBTQb +QK#BMiQ`BQb bQ+B/QbV T` HQb Q#D2iQb +QMbB/2`/QbX Gb KmHiBTHB+B//2b KQ/mH`2b +QK@ % T+iB}+/b M g,ν /2 JmK7Q`/@.2HB;M2 T` Hb +m`pb H;2#`B+b 2bi#H2b /2 iBTQ (g, ν) T`Qp22M mM 2D2KTHQ iőTB+Q v T`iB+mH`K2Mi2 BMbTB`/Q`- [m2 Dm;Ʀ mM TT2H /2 KQiBp+BƦM BKTQ`iMi2 2M H `2Mm/+BƦM /2 KB `2~2tBƦM bQ#`2 Hb 2bi`m+im`b 2bi`iB}+/b- 2Mi`2 /B@ +B2K#`2 RN3R v 2M2`Q RN3kX G ;2QK2i`ő #B/BK2MbBQMH T`Qp22 Qi`Qb MmK2`QbQb 2D2KTHQb /2 iH2b 2bi`m+im`b 2bi`iB}+/b KQ/mH`2b UXXXV (RN39- k8@ke)X

G +MQMB+B// #mb+/ 7m2`x 2MiQM+2b mM i`#DQ 2M dzĿ+i2;Q`őb BbQiƦTB+bŀ bQ@ +B/b  +i2;Q`őb /2 Mim`H2x iQTQHƦ;B+Ǵ (RN39- k8)- HQ [m2 HH2p }MHK2Mi2  mM /2HBKBi+BƦM /2 2MiQ`MQb bmp2b T` 2H +QTHKB2MiQ KȹHiBTH2@Mim`H@mMBp2`bH /2 Hb /B@ p2`bb 2bi`iB}++BQM2b 2M Dm2;QX 1M 272+iQ- T` +QMb2;mB` mM /2b+QKTQbB+BƦM +MƦMB+ 8k8

1bi2 `2bmHi b2` 2M `2HB// mM T`Q+2/BKB2MiQ m#B+mQ 2M iQ/Q :`Qi?2M/B2+F, #ȹb[m2/ /2 /2b+QKTQbB@ +BQM2b /Q#H2K2Mi2 +MƦMB+b UTB2xb v iQ`MBHHKB2MiQV /2 +B2`ib 2bi`m+im`b Ki2K€iB+b +QMbi`mB/b TQ` 2bi`iQbX G /Q#H2 i2M+BƦM H Q#D2iQ v H T`Q+2bQ bmT2` v Hb QMiQHQ;őb mbmH2b /2 H Ki2K€iB+X S2`Q v2M/Q ȹM K€b HH€- b2 i`i /2 mM 2bim/BQ bBbi2K€iB+Q /2 KQpBKB2MiQb /2 pBpûM mMBp2`bH2b 2Mi`2 `[m2iBTQb HiQb v D2``[mőb /2 iBTQb #DQb, iQ/ mM K2i7őbB+ T`2+Bb 2M ++BƦMX

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RkX 1aZlAaa1 .ǶlL S_P:_JJ1 URN39V

j88

G 1b[mBbb2 (RN39) T`QTQ`+BQM bő mM pBbBƦM iőTB+K2Mi2 ;`Qi?2M/B2+FBM- /QM/2 b2 +QMDm;M #bi`++BƦM v +QM+`2+BƦM- mMB// v KmHiBTHB+B//- mMBp2`bHB// v +QMiBM;2M+B+QMiBMmB// v /Bb+`2+BƦM- ;HQ#HBx+BƦM v HQ+HBx+BƦMX  bm p2x- mM BKTmHbQ vBM ?+B 7Q`@ Kb T`iB+mH`2b /2 bmpB// b2 +QKTH2K2Mi }MK2Mi2 +QM mM BKTmHbQ vM; ?+B 7Q`Kb ;2M2`H2b /2 /ûpBbb;2X lMQ /2 HQb KBH;`Qb /2 H 1b[mBbb2 (RN39) +QMbBbi2 T`2+BbK2Mi2 2M 2H 2Mi`2HxKB2MiQ /2 HQb QTm2biQb- H +QBM+B/2MiB QTTQbBiQ`mK /2 GHmHH v *mb-  i`pûb /2 /BHû+iB+b 2bi`iB}+/b 2M MBp2H2b Ki2K€iB+Qb +mB//QbK2Mi2 +Qi/QbX SQ/2KQb 2M@ iQM+2b p2`  :`Qi?2M/B2+F +QM iQ/Qb bmb ?B2``Qb 2M 2H 7m2;Q, bm2`i2 /2 ?2``2`Q /2 omH+MQ#`2 mM 2MQ`K2 2bT2+i`Q /2 +KTQb /2 BMp2biB;+BƦM- bQ`T`2M/2Mi2K2Mi2 +QM2+i/Qb HQb mMQb +QM HQb Qi`QbX lM p2x K€b- 2H pQH+€M UTB`Qi2+MB BMp2MiBp /2 H /û+/ RNd9@RN39V v 2H K` UbmpBx+BƦM T`Q;`K€iB+ T` Hb /û+/b p2MB/2`bV b2 mM2M bBK#ƦHB+K2Mi2 2M H Q#` v 2M H };m` /2H 2`KBiƢQ Ki2K€iB+Q /2 JQ`KQB`QMX G 1b[mBbb2 (RN39) `2+Q;2 Hb /Qb ;`M/2b T2`im`b T`2pBb /2 H /û+/ /2 HQb Q+?2Mi, H GQM;m2 K`+?2 (RN3R) UMm2bi`Q *TőimHQ Ry ``B#V v HQb ai+Fb (RN3j) UMm2bi`Q *TőimHQ RR ``B#VX SQ` Qi`Q H/Q- Hb /Qb Mm2pb BMp2M+BQM2b KvQ`2b /2H i2tiQ +QMbBbi2M 2M HQb /B#mDQb /2 MBƢQb v H iQTQHQ;ő KQ/2`/X 1b BMi2`2bMi2 `2+H+` [mő 2H +`€+i2` iQiHK2Mi2 Q`B;BMH /2 H bmpBx+BƦM +QK#BMiQ`B #mb+/ TQ` :`Qi?2M/B2+FX LQ b2 i`i bQHQ /2 mM bmpBx+BƦM iQTQHƦ;B+ +QMDmMiBbi Q +i2;Ʀ`B+- +QKQ H [m2 2tTHQ`Ʀ 2M HQb T`BK2`Qb p2BMi2 ƢQb /2 bm i`v2+iQ`B- /2b/2 H h2bBb (RN9N@8j) ?bi 2H a: (RNey@ eN)- bBMQ /2 mM MQp2/QbQ /2b+2MbQ  mM ;2QK2i`ő T`BKQ`/BH /2 Hb 7Q`Kb- /QM/2 HQ T`BKB;2MBQ- HQ BM7MiBH v HQ 2H2K2MiH b2 2tT`2bM iMiQ 2M H b2M+BHH2x /2 HQb /B#mDQb /2 MBƢQb- +QKQ 2M H 2HBKBM+BƦM /2 `iB}+BQb 2M H iQTQHQ;ő KQ/2`/X 1H bQM/2Q /2 HQ `[m2iőTB+Q- H #ȹb[m2/ T2`KM2Mi2 /2 JQ#[email protected]+F- /[mB2`2M [mő mM +`€+i2`  H p2x ?2`QB+Q 2 BM;2MmQ, 2H ?2`QBbKQ /2 2tTHQ`` iB2``b v K`2b pő`;2M2b- H BM;2MmB// /2 ?+2`HQ +QM HQb QDQb K`pBHH/Qb /2 mM MBƢQ- +QM mM +Q`xƦM U4 +Q@`xƦMV 2Mi2`K2Mi2 /BbTm2biQ  b2` KQH/2/Q TQ` H bQ`T`2bX

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:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

1H +Q`xƦM `BiKûiB+Q /2 Hb BMp2biB;+BQM2b `2+Q;B/b 2M H 1b[mBbb2 (RN39) mM2 Hb p`B+BQM2b +QMiBMmb T`2b2Mi2b 2M HQb 2bT+BQb KQ/mHB Mg,ν v Hb p`B+BQM2b H;2#`B+b /2H ;`mTQ Gal(Q : Q) +imM/Q bQ#`2 H iQ``2 /2 h2B+?KɃHH2`X 1M T`iB+mH`- H T`B+BƦM /2H 2bT+BQ /2 +m`pb 2HőTiB+b M1,1 2M 2H T`BK2` TBbQ /2 H iQ``2- v /2 bm ;`mTQ KQ/mH` bQ+B/Q SL(2, Z)- 2t?B#2 H `B[m2x `BiKûiB+ /2H 2MiQ`MQX SQ` Qi`Q H/Q- H 2K2`;2M+B /2 Hb +m`pb H;2#`B+b bQ#`2 +m2`TQb /2 MȹK2`Qb 2M 2H €K#BiQ /2 Hb bmT2`7B+B2b /2 _B2KMM +QKT+ib U"2HvB- p2` Mm2bi` a2++BƦM RkXj #DQV- BHmKBM+BƦM bQ`T`2M/2Mi2 [m2 BM/m+2  :`Qi?2M/B2+F  /2b+m#`B` v dz/2bT2D`Ǵ HQb /B#mDQb /2 MBƢQb- `27m2`x H Mim`HB// `BiKûiB+ /2 H bBim+BƦMX u2M/Q ȹM K€b HH€- ;`+Bb  H 2[mBpH2M+B [m2 2M+m2Mi` :`Qi?2M/B2+F 2Mi`2 bmT2`7B+B2b /2 _B2KMM +QKT+ib v bmT2`}+B2b iQTQHƦ;B+b Q`B2Mi/b +QM /B#mDQb /2 MBƢQb BMb+`BiQb 2M 2HHb- H ++BƦM +QMQ+B/ /2 Gal(Q : Q) bQ#`2 Hb bmT2`7B+B2b /2 _B2KMM +QKT+ib b2 i`Mb}2`2 2M mM Mm2p ++BƦM +QK#BMiQ`B bQ#`2 HQb /B#mDQb /2 MBƢQb- v b2 Tm2/2 2bT2`` Q#i2M2` mM /2b+`BT+BƦM +QK#BMiQ`B bmp2 /2H ;`mTQ /2 :HQBb #bQHmiQ8jj X lM i2Q`ő ;2M2`H /2 /ûpBbb;2 T` Hb 2bi`m+im`b 2bi`iB}+/b 2bT2` TQ/2` THB+`b2  H iQ``2- v- bő- mM iQTQHQ;ő KQ/2`/ bmpBx /B+BQMHK2Mi2 HQb 2p2MimH2b i`€MbBiQb 2Mi`2 Hb 2bi`m+im`bX 6BMHK2Mi2- H 2bT2`Mx +2Mi`H /2 H ;2QK2i`ő M#2HBM-  b#2`- 2H +QMi`QH /2 Hb +m`pb bQ#`2 +m2`TQb /2 MȹK2`Qb K2/BMi2 bmb ;`mTQb 7mM/K2MiH2b H;2#`B+Qb U2ti2M/B2M/Q H ?QKQiQTő  Hb Mm2pb +QM};m`+BQM2b /2H €H;2#` iQTQHƦ;B+V- +Q`/QM K;Mő}+K2Mi2 iQ/ H `[mBi2+iƦMB+ /2 H 1b[mBbb2 (RN39)X .2 2bi KM2`- mM p2x K€b- :HQBb- _B2KMM v SQBM+`û b2 mM2M 2M HQ K€b T`Q7mM/Q /2H T2MbKB2MiQ ;`Qi?2M/B2+FBMQ- T2`Q ?Q` #DQ mM 2Mi`2HxKB2MiQ `BiKûiB+Q@H;2#`B+Q@ +QKTH2DQ@;2QKûi`B+Q H [m2 b2 H2 bmKM mM +QK#BMiQ`B 2H2K2MiH v Mm2pb T2`bT2+iBpb T` mM 2Mi2M/BKB2MiQ ;2M2`H /2 Hb 7Q`Kb iQTQHƦ;B+bX 8jj

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RkX 1aZlAaa1 .ǶlL S_P:_JJ1 URN39V

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1D2KTHQ /2iHH/Q, /B#mDQb /2 MBƢQb

G a2++BƦM j /2 H 1b[mBbb2 (RN39) BMi`Q/m+2 HQb /B#mDQb /2 MBƢQbX G Q`B;BMHB// /2 H pBbBƦM b2 +QMDm; +QM mM 2MimbBbKQ +QMi;BQbQX :`Qi?2M/B2+F 2KTB2x /2b;HQbM/Q bmb KQiBp+BQM2b, dzJB BMi2`ûb TQ` Hb bmT2`}+B2b iQTQHƦ;B+b 2KTB2x  /2bTmMi` 2M RNd9+mM/Q H2 T`QTQM;Q  up2b G/2;BHH2`B2 2H i2K /2H 2bim/BQ BbQiƦTB+Q /2 Hb BMK2`bBQM2b /2 mM R@+QKTH2DQ iQTQHƦ;B+Q UKV 2M mM bmT2`}+B2 +QKT+i UXV UXXXV 1H +bQ 2M 2H [m2 (X, K) 2b mM ĿKTŀ k@/BK2MbBQMH- BX2X /QM/2 Hb +QKTQM2Mi2b +QM2tb /2 X \ K bQM k@+ûHmHb #B2`ib UXXV i`2 T`Q;`2bBpK2Mi2 KB i2M+BƦM 2M HQb ƢQb bB;mB2Mi2bǴ (RN39N@Ry)X G bBim+BƦM 2b +Tim`/ TQ` mM ;`mTQ /2 QT2`/Q`2b }MBiK2Mi2 ;2M2`/Q Udz;`mTQ +`iQ;`€}+Q C2 ǴV v dz2H i`#DQ /2 7mM/K2MiQb b2 ?+2 +QM 2H +mB//Q [m2 K2`2+2- 2M mM 2t+2H2Mi2 i`#DQ /2 .1 ?2+?Q 2M +QKȹM TQ` C2M JH;QB`2 v *?`BbiBM2 oQBbBM 2M RNdeǴ (RN39- RR)X dz1b `2~2tBƦM iQK bȹ#BiK2Mi2 mM /BK2MbBƦM Mm2pǴ- H Q#b2`p` [m2 mM bm#;`mTQ /2+m/Q C2+ - /2 őM/B+2 k 2M C2 - dzTm2/2 BMi2`T`2i`b2 +QKQ mM +Q+B2Mi2 /2H ;`mTQ 7mM@ /K2MiH /2 mM 2b72` Q`B2Mi/ T`Bp/ /2 i`2b TmMiQb- MmK2`/Qb y- R- k UXXXV- ;`mTQ [m2 +HbB}+ HQb `2+m#`BKB2MiQb /2 H 2b72`- `KB7B+/Qb  HQ bmKQ 2M y- R- k- +QM mM `KB7B++BƦM B;mH  R Q k 2M HQb TmMiQb TQ` 2M+BK /2 RǴ (RN39- RR)X .2 2bi KM2`dzHQb KTb Q`B2Mi/Qb +QKT+iQb 7Q`KM mM +i2;Q`ő BbQiƦTB+ 2[mBpH2Mi2  H /2 HQb `2+m#`BKB2MiQb U}MBiQbVǴ (RN39- RR)- v- `2T`2b2MiM/Q H 2b72` +QKQ H 2b72` /2 _B2KMM +QKTH2D- :`Qi?2M/B2+F v bmb HmKMQb HH2;M  H dz+QMbii+BƦM- [m2 Q+?Q ƢQb /2bTmûb K2 T`2+2 ȹM iM 2ti`Q`/BM`B, ĬiQ/Q KT Q`B2Mi/Q Ŀ}MBiQŀ b2 `2HBx +MƦMB+K2Mi2 bQ#`2 mM +m`p H;2#`B+ +QKTH2D5 J2DQ` ȹM UXXXV bQ#`2 H +Hmbm` H;2#`B+ Q /2 Q 2M CǴ (RN39- RR)X 1H 2MH+2 +MƦMB+Q [m2 p /2 U, KTb }MBiQb Q`B2Mi/QbV ?+B U", +m`pb H;2#`B+b +QKTH2Db bQ#`2 +m2`TQb /2 MȹK2`QbV b2 +QKTH2i`€ Hm2;Q- 2M mM +B+HQ

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*QM 2biQb +TőimHQb 2Mi`2Hx/Qb /2#ő BMB+B`b2 2H KMmb+`BiQ- p2` Mm2bi` LQi 899 ``B#X G +QMDm;+BƦM /2 2bi`i2;Bb /2#2`€ +2`+` iû+MB+b /2 +i2;Q`őb #2HBMb UHB;/b  H ?QKQHQ;őV v /2 iQTQb v n@+i2;Q`őb UHB;/b  H ?QKQiQTőVX .2 2bi KM2`- 2M HQb /2`Bp/Q`2b- b2 THMi2`€ mM ;`M mMBƦM `[m2iőTB+ /2H T2MbKB2MiQ ;`Qi?2M/B2+FBMQX G T`Q#H2K€iB+ BMB+B +QM +B2`ib 7HHb /2 +MQMB+B// 2M H +QMbi`m++BƦM /2 H +i2;Q`ő /2`Bp/ /2 mM +i2;Q`ő #2HBMX aB A 2b mM +i2;Q`ő #2HBM- C(A) 2b H +i2;Q`ő /2 HQb +QKTH2DQb 2M A v W 2b 2H +QMDmMiQ /2 HQb +mbB@ BbQKQ`}bKQb /2 C(A) UKQ`}bKQb f : X → Y iH2b [m2 Hn (X) ≈ Hn (Y ) T` iQ/Q nV- H +i2;Q`ő /2`Bp/ b2 /2}M2 TQ`

H HQ+HBx+BƦM U7Q`KHV Der(A) = C(A)[W −1 ]X 1K2`;2M 2MiQM+2b T`Q#H2Kb /2 7mMiQ`BHB// v /2 2tBbi2M+B /2 /DmMiQbT` +Tim`` H BM7Q`K+BƦM Q`B;BMH /2 AX S` mM BMi`Q/m++BƦM  2biQb i2Kb- pûb2 :X JHibBMBQiBbX AMi`Q/m+iBQM ¨ H i?ûQ`B2 /2b /û`Bpi2m`b- /ǶT`ĕb :`Qi?2M/B2+FX S`2T`BMiX m`H, ?iiTb,ffr2#mb2`bXBKD@T`;X7`f;2Q`;2bXKHibBMBQiBbf ;`Qi?f.2`Bpi2m`bX?iKHX

jdy

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

1H +TőimHQ A BMB+B +QM mM `2+Q`/iQ`BQ bQ#`2 T`Q#H2Kb /2 /DmMiQbX ./b +i2;Q`őb /2 dzőM/B+2bǴ I v +i2;Q`őb /2 dz+Q2}+B2Mi2bǴ A- b2 +QMbB/2`M HQb T`2?+2b A(I) = AI

op

v

bmb KQpBKB2MiQb `2HiBpQb f : I → J- f ∗ : A(J) → A(I)c H +m2biBƦM +QMbBbi2 2MiQM+2b 2M 2bim/B` HQb /Bp2`bQb 7mMiQ`2b /DmMiQb /2 f ∗ UBx[mB2`/Qb v /2`2+?QbV v /2b+`B#B` +QM/B+BQM2b M2+2b`Bb v bm}+B2Mi2b T` bm 2tBbi2M+B (RNNR- AXR@j)X 1H K#B2Mi2 bB`p2 T` TQ/2` bBim` Hm2;Q- 2M mM K`+Q ;2M2`H- bm#T`2;mMib T` +B2`iQb 7mMiQ`2b 2bT2+ő}+QbX 1biQb 7mMiQ`2b T`2+2M +QKQ dz/2`Bp/Q`2bǴ 2M mM BMB+BQ (RNNR- AX9)- mM[m2 b2`€M HHK/Qb dzT`2@ /2`Bp/Q`2bǴ K€b /2HMi2 (RNNR- AXkk)X lM UT`2V/2`Bp/Q` D 2b mM k@7mMiQ` D : Dia → Cat

2Mi`2 mM bm#+i2;Q`ő TH2M /2 Cat UDia- dz/B;`KbǴV v Cat- [m2 biBb7+2 +B2`ib +QM/B+BQM2b [m2 b2 BKTQM2M TQ+Q  TQ+Q 2M 2H KMmb+`BiQ+tHB X G R@7mMiQ`BHB// b2;m` [m2 b2 i2M;M- T` +/ f : I → J UI, J /B;`KbV- 7mMiQ`2b f ∗ : D(J) → D(I)- T` HQb [m2 b2 bmTQM2 i`MbBiBpB// U(gf )∗ = f ∗ g ∗ Vc H k@7mMiQ`BHB// b2;m`- bBKBH`K2Mi2- [m2

b2 i2M;M- T` +/ u KQ`}bKQ 2Mi`2 f, g : I ⇒ J- i`Mb7Q`K+BQM2b Mim`H2b u∗ 2Mi`2 f ∗ , g ∗ : D(J) ⇒ D(I)- T` Hb +mH2b pH2 i`MbBiBpB// (RNNR- AX9@8)X Gb T`BK2`b T€;BMb /2 HQb .û`Bpi2m`b (RNNR- AX8@kk) Km2bi`M +ƦKQ :`Qi?2M/B2+F T`Q/m+2 mM HBbi T`+BH /2 tBQKb- T` 2bi#BHBx` UQ bmpBx` 2M HQ #bi`+iQV +B2`ib +QMbi`m++BQM2b [m2 `2K2/2M T`QTB2//2b /2 T2`KM2M+B 2M ?QKQHQ;ő v ?QKQiQTő89N X 89N

omûHpb2 ?Q`- +QM Mm2pQb QDQb-  H h2bBb .Q+iQ`H (RN9N@8j), b2 i`i /2 mM KBbKQ T`Q+2bQ m#B+mQ 2M 2H T2MbKB2MiQ ;`Qi?2M/B2+FBMQ- 2M 2H +mH HQb tBQKb bB`p2M T` +Tim`` T`+BHK2Mi2 HQb `[m2iBTQb v Hb T`QTB2//2b /2 T2`KM2M+B [m2 b2 T`Qv2+iM bQ#`2 +B2`ib `2;BQM2b Ki2K€iB+b //b UM€HBbBb 7mM+BQMH- ?QKQHQ;ő- ?QKQiQTő- i2Q`ő /2 MȹK2`Qb- iQTQb- KQiBpQb- 2i+XV

+tHB

o2`2KQb 2bb +QM/B+BQM2b 2M HQb T€``7Qb bB;mB2Mi2bX aBM 2K#`;Q- T` /2}MB+BQM2b `B;m`Qbb- v /2+Mi/b +QM 2H iB2KTQbQ#`2 /B;`Kb- T`2/2`Bp/Q`2b v bmb +QM/B+BQM2b /2 +Q?2`2M+B- p2` .X@*X *BbBMbFBX dzAK;2b /B`2+i2b +Q?QKQHQ;B[m2b /Mb H2b +iû;Q`B2b /2 KQ/ĕH2bǴX 1M, MMH2b Ki?ûKiB[m2b "HBb2 Sb+H RyXk UkyyjV- T€;bX RN8@k99X GQb 2D2KTHQb 7mM/K2MiH2b /2 T`2/2`Bp/Q`2b bQM UBV HQb 7mMiQ`2b /2 T`2?+2b A → Hom(Aop , M ) UA- M +i2;Q`őbV- UBBV HQb 7mMiQ`2b −1 HQ+HBx/Qb A → WA Hom(Aop , M ) UWA bm#+QMDmMiQ /2 ~2+?b Ĝdz2[mBpH2M+Bb /û#BH2bǴĜ 2M H BK;2M /2 uQM2/ /2

A ⊆ MA

op

V Up2` B#ő/X- TX kyjV- v UBBBV 2H 7mMiQ` >Ph bQ+B/Q  H i2Q`ő /2 ?QKQiQTő /2 HQb +QMDmMiQb bBKTHB+BH2b

Up2` Mm2bi` a2++BƦM RjXj #DQVX

jdR

RjX G1a .ú_Aoh1l_a URNNRV

lM T`BK2` tBQK bQ#`2 HQb /2`Bp/Q`2b bmTQM2 [m2 f ∗ TQb2 /DmMiQb  /2`2+? Uf∗ V 2 Bx[mB2`/ Uf! V (RNNR- AX8)c mM b2;mM/Q tBQK bQHB+Bi H 2tBbi2M+B /2 #B/DmMiQb f !

U;2M2`HBx+BQM2b /2 /DmMiQb H K`+Q /2 k@+i2;Q`őbV T` f ∗ (RNNR- AX8@e)c mM i2`+2` tBQK TB/2 [m2 HQb 7mMiQ`2b D(I) → D(1)I

op

U1 Q#D2iQ i2`KBMHV b2M +QMb2`piBpQb U2b

/2+B`- +`+i2`B+2M BbQb 2M D(I) pő BbQb  MBp2H /2 +QQ`/2M/b 2M Hb BK€;2M2bV (RNNRAXN@Ry)c mM +m`iQ tBQK 2tB;2 [m2 2H KQ`}bKQ /2 +K#BQ /2 #b2 T` BK€;2M2b /B`2+ib f∗ UbQ+B/Q  +B2`iQb iBTQb /2 /B;`Kb /2 őM/B+2bV b2 mM BbQKQ`}bKQ (RNNR- AXky)c

mM [mBMiQ tBQK- +QMbB/2`/Q iQiHK2Mi2 2``ƦM2Q UdziQiH2K2Mi +MMmHûǴV (RNNR- AXkk)+QM+Hmv2 2H T`BK2` bHiQ  HQb /2`Bp/Q`2bX *QM 2biQ- :`Qi?2M/B2+F BMi2Mi- 2M T`BK2` BMbiM+B- +Tim`` 2H +QKTQ`iKB2MiQ 7mMiQ`BH i H`;2 UMBp2H Cat- `[m2iBTQb- 7mMiQ`2b `2T`2b2Mi#H2bV /2 +B2`ib +QMbi`m++BQM2b bBKBH`2b  [m2HHb [m2 Q+m``2M 2M +i2;Q`őb /2 KQ/2HQb ?QKQiƦTB+Qb +QM 2[mBpH2M+Bb /û#BH2b UMBp2H Hot- iBTQb- 7mMiQ`2b /2 HxQbVX lM T2`bT2+iBp 2bi`m+im`H K€b /2+Mi/ T`2b2Mi Hm2;Q H Mm2p i2`KBMQHQ;ő /2 T`2/2`Bp/Q` (RNNR- AXkk) v bmb Mm2pQb tBQKb bQ+B/Qb88y , U.2` RV D(I ⨿ J) ≃

D(I) × D(J) 2b mM 2[mBpH2M+B /2 +i2;Q`őb- v D(0) 2b H +i2;Q`ő }MH (RNNR- AXkj)c U.2` kV HQb 7mMiQ`2b D(I) → D(1)I

op

bQM +QMb2`piBpQb (RNNR- AXk9)c U.2` jV HQb 7mMiQ`2b

f ∗ : D(J) → D(I) /KBi2M /DmMiQb  /2`2+? Uf∗ V UdzQ#D2iQb /2 +Q?QKQHQ;ő `2HiBpǴV-

bő +QKQ /DmMiQb  Bx[mB2`/ Uf! V UdzQ#D2iQb /2 ?QKQHQ;ő `2HiBpǴV (RNNR- AXk9)c U.2` 9V /Bp2`bb +QM/B+BQM2b /2 KH;K+BƦM v }#`+BƦM (RNNR- AXk9@k8)c U.2` 8V +QM/B+BƦM /2 +Q}MHB// +Q?QKQHƦ;B+ (RNNR- AXk8)X lM H`;Q 2bim/BQ UKmv H KQ/Q ȹM /2 H h2bBb 88y

.2b/2 2H TmMiQ /2 pBbi /2 H +`2iBpB// Ki2K€iB+- `2bmHi 7b+BMMi2 Q#b2`p` H p`B+BƦM v 2H Dmbi2 T`Q;`2bBpQ /2 HQb tBQKb- 2M mM T`Q+2bQ pőpB/K2Mi2 /BM€KB+Q- Kmv H2D/Q /2 H #ȹb[m2/ /2 mMQb 7mM/K2MiQb bmTm2biK2Mi2 /2}MBiBpQb ĜMHőiB+Qb- `ő;B/Qb- #bQHmiQbĜ /2H b#2`X 1H TûM/mHQ 2Mi`2 mM ;mő /2 2D2KTHQb iQTQHƦ;B+Qb v mM ;mő /2 KûiQ/Qb +i2;Ʀ`B+Qb BHmbi` H BKTQ`iM+B /2 HQb +KBMQb K2/BQb- 7Q`K T`/B;K€iB+ /2 HQb KBtiQb HmiKMBMQbX GQb Q#D2iQb- Hb iû+MB+b v H KMB2` KBbK /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F b2 DmbiM +QM 2ti`Q`/BM`B Mim`HB//X

jdk

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

(RN9N@8j) v /2 H KvQ`ő /2 bmb i`#DQb ;mB/Qb TQ` tBQKbV T`2b2Mi /Bp2`bb 2[mBp@ H2M+Bb v +QMb2+m2M+Bb BMi2`K2/Bb /2 HQb tBQKb+tHBB (RNNR- AXk9@jy)- ?bi /2b2K#Q+` 2M /2}MB+BQM2b /2 bmpB// 7mMiQ`BH 2M 2H €K#BiQ tBQK€iB+Q ;2M2`H, 7mMiQ`2b ?QKQiƦTB+@ K2Mi2 T`QTBQb v ?QKQiƦTB+K2Mi2 HBbQb (RNNR- AXjy)X *QM 2bb /2}MB+BQM2b- +QM i2Q`2Kb /2 2bi#BHB// (RNNR- AXjR)- +QM 2[mBpH2M+Bb 2M H +i2;Q`ő >Qi (RNNR- AXjy@jk)- +QM +`+i2`Bx+BQM2b /2 7mMiQ`2b T`QTBQb  MBp2H Cat (RNNR- AXjj)- +QM i2Q`2Kb /2 +K#BQ /2 #b2 (RNNR- AXj8@j3)- v +QM mM Mm2p `22b+`Bim` /2 HQb tBQKb 2M iû`KBMQb /2 2bib p`B+BQM2b (RNNR- AXjN@9y)- :`Qi?2M/B2+F HQ;` bő 2tT`2b` UtBQK€iB+K2Mi2V v 2tTHQ`` U+Q``2HiBpK2Mi2V mM bQ}biB+/Q i2DB/Q /2 +Q``2bTQM/2M+Bb v `2~2DQb 2Mi`2 Hot v CatX 1H +TőimHQ sA88R T`QTQ`+BQM mM BMi2`2bMi2 +QMi`T`i2 H +TőimHQ AX .2DM/Q /2 H/Q H tBQK€iB+ ;2M2`H dzHiǴ- :`Qi?2M/B2+F T`Q+2/2 ?Q` /2b/2 HQ dz#DQǴ UHotVX 1H h2Q`2K R +`+i2`Bx Hb }#`+BQM2b ?QKQiƦTB+b 2M +i2;Q`őb, mM KQ`}bKQ f : X → Y

2M Cat 2b mM Hot@}#`+BƦM bB +mKTH2 H;mM /2 Hb i`2b +QM/B+BQM2b 2[mBpH2Mi2b- UV i`Mb}2`2 Hot@2[mBpH2M+Bb 2M Hot@2[mBpH2M+Bb pő /2+m/Qb TmHH#+Fb- U#V /2i2`KBM Hot@2[mBpH2M+Bb 2M /2+m/b HQ+HBx+BQM2bf}#`+BQM2b v Hb i`Mb}2`2 TQ` +K#BQb /2 #b2- U+V +H+mH }#` TQ` }#` H +QMbiM+B HQ+H /2 HQb ?+2b f∗ (F ) bB F 2b ?x /2 +QM@ DmMiQb- /2 R1 f∗ (F ) bB F 2b ?x /2 ;`mTQb- v /2 Ri f∗ (F )88k bB F 2b ?x /2 ;`mTQb #2HBMQb

(RNNR- sAXR@j)X G MQ+BƦM /2 Hot@}#`+BƦM `2bmHi b2` 2bi#H2 TQ` +K#BQb /2 #b2 v +QK@ TQbB+BƦM (RNNR- sAX9)- v T`Qp22 mM +`+i2`Bx+BƦM /2 Hb Hot@2[mBpH2M+Bb TQ` K2/BQ /2 bmb HQ+HBx+BQM2b (RNNR- sAX9@e- h2Q`2K k)X .2 2bi KM2`- :`Qi?2M/B2+F /2b``QHH 88R 88k

+tHBB

1M `2HB//- ?+2KQb [mő `272`2M+B  HQ TQ+Q [m2 ? bm#bBbiB/Q /2H +TőimHQ sA- Tm2b Hb T€;BMb R@Rke b2 2M+m2Mi`M mb2Mi2b (RNNR- sAXR)X GQb Ri `2KBi2M  HQb 7mMiQ`2b /2`Bp/Qb Up2` 2H hƬ?QFm (RN88@8e)- Mm2bi`Q *TőimHQ j ``B#- TX RydV2tT`2b/Qb ?Q` 2M mM €K#BiQ +i2;Ʀ`B+Q ;2M2`HX S` mM T`2b2Mi+BƦM `B;m`Qb TQbi2`BQ` /2 HQb tBQKb- p2` JHibBMBQiBb- ƦTX+BiX- TTX Rk@RdX

RjX G1a .ú_Aoh1l_a URNNRV

jdj

mM i2Q`ő /2 T`QTB2//2b ?QKQiƦTB+b 2M Cat pő /2+m/Qb +QKTQ`iKB2MiQb 7mMiQ`B@ H2b UHot@2[mBpH2M+Bb- 7mMiQ`2b /2`Bp/QbVX 1H +QMi`bi2 2Mi`2 2H i`iKB2MiQ tBQK€iB+Q U`[m2iBTQbV- [m2 HH2p  HQb UT`2V/2`Bp/Q`2b- v 2H i`iKB2MiQ ?QKQiƦTB+Q /B`2+iQ UiBTQbVHB;/Q  HQb 7mMiQ`2b /2`Bp/Qb- Km2bi` +ƦKQ mM MQ+BƦM mMBp2`bH- [m2 T`2i2M/2`€ `2@ +m#`B` H ?QKQHQ;ő v H ?QKQiQTő- p Dmbi€M/Qb2 T`Q;`2bBpK2Mi2 /2b/2 HQ dzHiQǴ UCatV v /2b/2 HQ dz#DQǴ UHotVX lM i2`+2` pő /2 T`QtBK+BƦM  H T`Q#H2K€iB+ /2 +ƦKQ 2Mi2M/2` H ?QKQiQTő i H`;2 T`2+2 2M HQb +TőimHQb o v oAA- /QM/2 b2 2bim/BM MQ+BQM2b #bi`+ib /2 +KBMQb v /2 +i2;Q`őb /2 +KBMQbX :`Qi?2M/B2+F T`i2 /2 mM +i2;Q`ő /2 dzőM/B+2bǴ Φ- 7Q`K/ TQ` mM bmK KH;K/ BM}MBi U Bx[mB2`/ v /2`2+?V /2 +QTBb /2 H bm+2bBƦM #€bB+ Φ1 = {−1 ← 0 → 1}88j - [m2 H22 Hm2;Q BMp2`bK2Mi2 +QKQ bBbi2K

T`Qv2+iBpQ Upő `2i`++BQM2b Mim`H2b ϕn,m : Φm → Φn V (RNNR- oXR@k)X  T`iB` /2H bBb@ i2K T`Qv2+iBpQ Φ- /2}M2 2MiQM+2b +B2`ib +i2;Q`őb /2 +KBMQb, bB X 2b mM +i2;Q`ő

`#Bi``B- Chn (X) = Hom(Φn , X)889 `2bmHi b2` mM +i2;Q`ő /2 /B;`Kb 7Q`K/ TQ` 2n bmKb KH;K/b /2 +QTBb A−1 ← A0 → A1 - +QM ~2+?b +QMb2+miBpb bB2K@ T`2 2M b2MiB/Q QTm2biQ- v Ch∞ (X) = Hom(Φ, X) = Hom(HBKn Φn , X) = HBKn Chn (X) ←− −→ 888 b2 /2}M2 +QKQ H +i2;Q`ő /2 +KBMQb /2 X (RNNR- oXj)X Mi2b /2 b2;mB` +QM Hb

+QMbi`m++BQM2b #€bB+b 2M H +i2;Q`ő /2 +KBMQb U+QKTQbB+BƦM- 2i+XV- :`Qi?2M/B2+F b2 T`2;mMi +2`+ /2H 2p2MimH +QKTQ`iKB2MiQ /2 Hb HQ+HBx+BQM2b 2M 2bb +i2;Q`őb88e 88j

889 888

88e

aB Φn 2b H bm#+i2;Q`ő TH2M /2 Φ +QM Q#D2iQb {α : −n ≤ α ≤ n} U/QM/2 n b2 Q#iB2M2 TQ` H n@ûbBK bmK KH;K/  /2`2+?V- b2 iB2M2 2H HőKBi2 BM/m+iBpQ Φ = HBKn Φn X SQ` Qi` T`i2- Φ Tm2/2 −→ iK#BûM `2T`2b2Mi`b2 +QKQ HőKBi2 T`Qv2+iBpQ- Φ = HBKn Φn - iH +QKQ b2 BM/B+  +QMiBMm+BƦMX ←− Ch TQ` dz+?2KBMǴ 4 +KBMQX AMimBiBpK2Mi2- Hb ~2+?b  /2`2+? → 2M Φ /2i2`KBMM HQb Q`ő;2M2b UdzbQm`+2bǴV /2 HQb KQ`}bKQb- v Hb ~2+?b  Bx[mB2`/ U←V bmb /2biBMQb Udz#mibǴV- /2 iH KM2` [m2 HQb KQ`}bKQb b2 +QKTQM;M #B2M 2Mi`2 2HHQb- v /2M Hm;`  +KBMQb U/2 +mH[mB2` iKƢQ /2b2/QV- +QM /Bp2`bQb `2Hûb BMi2`K2/BQbX 1M +B2`iQ b2MiB/Q- :`Qi?2M/B2+F BMi2Mi 2MiQM+2b +Q``Q#Q`` [mő- 2M HQ dz#DQǴ UHQ+HBx+BQM2b /2 +KBMQbV- Hb T`QTB2//2b [m2 /2bT2D tBQK€iB+K2Mi2 2M HQ dzHiQǴ UHQ+HBx/Q`2b 2M CatVX

jd9

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

(RNNR- oX8)X aB Σ 2b mM bm#+QMDmMiQ `#Bi``BQ /2 ~2+?b 2M X UBM+Hmv2M/Q bB2KT`2 B/2M@ iB//2bV- v ChΣ (X) 2b H bm#+i2;Q`ő TH2M /2 Ch∞ (X) +QM `2i`++BQM2b T`2b 2M Σ:`Qi?2M/B2+F /2}M2 H +i2;Q`ő HQ+HBx/ XΣ−1 +QM HQb KBbKQb Q#D2iQb /2 X v +QM KQ`@

}bKQb HomXΣ−1 (x, y) = π0 ChΣ (X; x, y) U;`mTQ /2 ?QKQiQTő #bi`+iQ /2 +KBMQb 2Mi`2 x, y ∈ XV (RNNR- oXe)X G +QMbi`m++BƦM T2`KBi2 pBbmHBx` bő mM 2iT BMi2`K2/B 2Mi`2 Hot U+QM bmb ;`mTQb /2 ?QKQiQTő mbmH2bV v Cat U+QM bmb HQ+HBx/Q`2b #bi`+iQbVX .2

2bi KM2`- b2 p +Q`/QMM/Q }MK2Mi2 H 2bi`m+im`+BƦM `[mBi2+iƦMB+ /2 HQb .û`Bp@ i2m`b (RNNR)X Gb +i2;Q`őb /2 +KBMQb T`2b2Mi/b 2M 2H +TőimHQ o `2bmHiM b2`- bBM 2K#`;QdzT2b/bǴ v dz+bB BMmiBHBx#H2bǴ- TQ` HQ [m2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F T`QTQM2 dz/2bT2D` mM Mm2pQ 7Q`@ KHBbKQ TH€biB+Q (bQmTH2)- [m2 b2 Dmbi2  H BMimB+BƦMǴ (RNNR- oAAXR)X 1M p2x /2 2KT2x` +QM Hb bm+2bBQM2b Hi2`M/b /2 iBTQ (· ← · → ·)- b2 BMB+B +QM bm+2bBQM2b +QM2tb- +mvQb pû`iB+2b bQM MȹK2`Qb Mim`H2b v +mvb ~2+?b TmMiM `#Bi``BK2Mi2  Bx[mB2`/ Q 

/2`2+?c mM iH bm+2bBƦM +QMbiBimv2 mM +i2;Q`ő I v b2 /2MQKBM mM BMi2`pHQ U2bi€M/`V (RNNR- oAAXR@3)X aB X 2b mM +i2;Q`ő +mH[mB2`- H +i2;Q`ő /2 +KBMQb ChI (X) /2 iBTQ I 2M X b2 /2}M2 2MiQM+2b +QKQ H +i2;Q`ő /2 7mMiQ`2b ChI (X) = Hom(I, X) (RNNRoAAXN)X GQb iBTQb /2 +KBMQb b2 Tm2/2M `2T`2b2Mi` +QM bm+2bBQM2b /2 bB;MQb + U~2+?  /2`2+?- dz/B`2+iǴV v − U~2+?  Bx[mB2`/- dz`2i`Ʀ;`/ǴV- HQb +KBMQb +Q``2bTQM/2M  bm+2bBQM2b /2 Q#D2iQb +QM2+i/Qb ;`+Bb  KQ`}bKQb  /2`2+? U2M+`M+BƦM /2H +V Q 

Bx[mB2`/ U2M+`M+BƦM /2H −V- v HQb KQ`}bKQb 2Mi`2 +KBMQb +Q``2bTQM/2M  +QMKmi@ +BQM2b Mim`H2b /2 HQb +m/`/Qb bQ+B/Qb (RNNR- oAAXN@Ry)X *QM Kmv b2M+BHHQb 2D2KTHQb

Udz[m2 b2 DmbiM  H BMimB+BƦMǴV- b2 `2+QMbi`mv2M bő Hb B/2MiB//2b- Hb ~2+?b- Hb +QK@ TQbB+BQM2b v Hb `KB7B++BQM2b U#B2`ib Q +2``/bV 2M mM +i2;Q`ő88d X liBHBxM/Q Hm2;Q HQb 7mMiQ`2b `2T`2b2Mi#H2b- Hb `2+QMbi`m++BQM2b Mi2`BQ`2b T2`KBi2M 2tT`2b` 2H 2MiQ`MQ 88d

S` mM +i2;Q`ő X- Ch(·) (X) ≈ X- Ch(·→·) (X) ≈ M or(X)- 2i+X (RNNR- oAAXRy@RR)X

RjX G1a .ú_Aoh1l_a URNNRV

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/2 HQb +KBMQb v bmb +QKTQbB+BQM2b +QM ~2+?b ȹMB+K2Mi2  MBp2H Cat (RNNR- oAAXRj@ R9)X :`Qi?2M/B2+F `2bmK2 Hb p2MiDb /2 2b T`QtBK+BƦM, dz2b 2b2 mM T`BM+BTBQ ;2M2`H T` 2H2p` iQ/b Hb ĿQT2`+BQM2bŀ K€b Q K2MQb +MƦMB+b bQ#`2 +KBMQb 2M +i2;Q`őb `#Bi``Bb X- v HQb 2MmM+B/Qb [m2 H2b +Q``2bTQM/M-  +m2biBQM2b /QM/2 X /2bT`2+2 v /QM/2 b2 i`#D 2M Hb +i2;Q`őb BMi2`pHQ 2M bő KBbKb Ĝ mM /2 Hb p2MiDb iû+MB+b 2b [m2 b2 i`i /2 +i2;Q`őb #biMi2 T2[m2Ƣb [m2 /M Hm;`  mM BMimB+BƦM iQTQHƦ;B+ b2;m`Ǵ (RNNR- oAAXR9)X S` T`Q+2/2`- b2 iB2M2 2MiQM+2b mM 2b+Q;2M+B 2Mi`2 dzUV mM 2bim/BQ K€b Q K2MQb bBbi2K€iB+Q /2 7mMiQ`2b 2Mi`2 BMi2`pHQb UXXXV- U#V mM /2b+`BT+BƦM /2 H +QKTQbB+BƦM /2 +KBMQb- U+V mM 7Q`KHBbKQ bQ#`2 Hb +i2;Q`őb /2 +KBMQb /2 iBTQ MQ T`2+Bb/QǴ (RNNRoAAXR8)X _2bmHi 7b+BMMi2 Q#b2`p` [mő H KmHiBTHB+B// /2 MBp2H2b /2 #bi`++BƦM [m2 KM2D :`Qi?2M/B2+FX *QKQ ?2KQb pBbiQ- mM 2bi`i2;B bB2KT`2 T`2b2Mi2 2M bm Q#` +QMbBbi2 2M 2H2p`b2 bBbi2K€iB+K2Mi2 HH2M/2 +B2`iQb iBTQb /2i2`KBM/Qb- /2bT`2M/BûM/Qb2 T`Q;`2bBpK2Mi2 /2 HQ T`iB+mH` v /2bT2DM/Q HQb K`+Qb ;2M2`H2b /QM/2 b2 bmpBxM iQ/b Hb T2`bT2+iBpbX u 2b HQ [m2- mM p2x K€b- b2 #Q+  `2HBx` 2M 2H +TőimHQ oAA, dz+QKQ KB Q#D2iBpQ 2b bQ#`2 iQ/Q 2H /2 /2b+`B#B` iH2b +i2;Q`őb Ch(X) UĬbBM őM/B+25V- +QM #m2Mb T`QTB2//2b- 2KT2x`û TQ` U+VǴ (RNNR- oAAXR8)X oQHM/Q i H`;2883 - :`Qi?2M/B2+F T`2@ b2Mi Hb +i2;Q`őb /2 +KBMQb `#Bi``BQb +QKQ +i2;Q`őb }#`/b bQ#`2 mM /2+m/ +i2;Q`ő KQMQB/H /2 b#Q` +QK#BMiQ`BQ (RNNR- oAAXRe@RN)- v Tb  +?2[m2`- ;`+Bb  /Bp2`bQb i2bib UHQ+HBx/Q`2b- +QKTQbB+BƦMV- bB dzH MQ+BƦM 2b #m2MǴ (RNNR- oAAXky)X S` 2HHQ- +QM+m``2M Hb dzT`QTB2//2b /2 KQ`}bKQb /2 BMi2`pHQbǴ (RNNR- oAAXkR@jR)- H dz+QK@ TQbB+BƦM 2M T yǴ U+i2;Q`ő KQMQB/H bm#v+2Mi2V (RNNR- oAAXjk@jN)- H dz2tTHB+Bi+BƦM /2 Hb +i2;Q`őb /2 7`++BQM2b XΣ−1 2M iû`KBMQb /2 Ch(X)Ǵ (RNNR- oAAX9y@8j)X H }MH:`Qi?2M/B2+F 2t+HK, dzĬHQb bm/Q`2b 7`őQb ?M i2`KBM/Q5 UXXXV 2H 7Q`KHBbKQ /2b``QHH/Q 883

dzZmB2`Q ĿBM+HmB`ŀ iQ/b Hb +i2;Q`őb Chτ (X) /2 +KBMQb- /2 iQ/Qb HQb iBTQb [m2 b2 /2b22- 2M mM KBbK +i2;Q`ő Ch(X)Ǵ (RNNR- oAAXRe)X

jde

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

?bi 2H KQK2MiQ QiQ`; mM biBb7++BƦM +QKTH2iǴ bQ#`2 +QKTQbB+BƦM- 7`++BQM2b v ?Q@ KQiQTő (RNNR- oAAX8j)X .2 2bi KM2`- K2/BMi2 mM T`Q;`2bBpQ xB;x; 2M 2H Dmbi2 /2 Hb /2}MB+BQM2b v HQb +QM+2TiQb- b2 T`Qp22 mM K#B2Mi2 mMBp2`bH /QM/2 +#2M H iB2KTQ +QMbi`m++BQM2b +2Mi`H2b /2 H ?QKQHQ;ő UHQ+HBx/Q`2b bQ+B/Qb  +i2;Q`őb /2`Bp/bV v /2 H ?QKQiQTő UHQ+HBx/Q`2b bQ+B/Qb  +KBMQb v 2[mBpH2M+Bb /û#BH2bVX 1H +TőimHQ soA UdzGQ+HBx/Q`2b 7mM/K2MiH2bǴV (AJ:- +Qi2 R8d@9 U+X RNNRV- ked@ jNN)88N T`Qp22 Qi` T2`bT2+iBp K€b 2M 2H +Q`/QMKB2MiQ 2bi`m+im`H BMi2`K2/BQ 2Mi`2 HQb 7QM/Qb ?QKQiƦTB+Qb +H€bB+Qb UMBp2H HotV v HQb tBQKb HiQb /2 HQb /2`Bp/Q`2b UMBp2H CatVX :`Qi?2M/B2+F T`QTQM2 tBQKb T` Hb +i2;Q`őb HQ+HBx/b M [W −1 ] UM +i2;Q`ő- W bm#+i2;Q`ő /2 ~2+?b /2 M V- Q- 2[mBpH2Mi2K2Mi2- T` bmb +QTBb  HQ H`;Q /2 H BM@ −1 K2`bBƦM /2 uQM2/ M → C M [WM ] UC +i2;Q`ő- WM BK;2M /2 W 2M H +i2;Q`ő /2 op

T`2?+2b C M VX lM iH +QMbi`m++BƦM- p`BM/Q 7mMiQ`BHK2Mi2 bQ#`2 M - b2 /2MQKBM mM op

dzHQ+HBx/Q` 7mM/K2MiHǴ, +m#`2- TQ` mM H/Q- Hb 2[mBpH2M+Bb /û#BH2b /2 H i2Q`ő ?Q@ KQiƦTB+ +H€bB+- v b2 #`2- TQ` Qi`Q H/Q-  HQb /2`Bp/Q`2b 2M #bi`+iQX GQb T`BK2`Qb tBQ@ Kb b2 `2}2`2M  T`QTB2//2b /2 +Hmbm`8ey T` 2H +QMDmMiQ /2 ~2+?b W U[m2 `2T`2b2M@ i`€- 2M #bi`+iQ- mM +QMDmMiQ /2 2[mBpH2M+Bb /û#BH2b 2M ?QKQiQTőV (AJ:- +Qi2 R8d@9 U+X RNNRV- ke3@kdd)X Pi`Q tBQK BMi`Q/m+2 mM T`QTB2// /2 +QM2tB// +2`+ /2 H MQ i`BpBHB// /2H ;`mTQ 7mM/K2MiH T` ~2+?b /2 W UGQ+ 8V (AJ:- +Qi2 R8d@9 U+X RNNRVk3R)c 2[mBpH2Mi2K2Mi2- UGQ+ 8V b2;m` mM 7+iQ`Bx+BƦM /2 π0 : Cat → Con  i`pûb /2 HotW (AJ:- +Qi2 R8d@9 U+X RNNRV- k3R)- v bm +Q`QH`BQ T`BM+BTH 2b H `2+QMbi`m++BƦM 88N

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 72+? d a2TiB2K#`2 kyR3- HQb +TőimHQb }MH2b /2 HQb .û`Bpi2m`b U2Mi`2 HQb +mH2b 2H soAV MQ H+MxM  T`2+2` i`Mb+`BiQb 2M H i`2 2KT`2M/B/ TQ` JHibBMBQiBb@JH;QB`2@EɃMx2` UrrrX;`Qi?2M/B2+F+B`+H2XQ`;VX a2 i`i /2 dzbim`+BQM2bǴ UGQ+ RV (AJ:- +Qi2 R8d@9 U+X RNNRV- ke3)- dzQ#D2iQb }MH2bǴ UGQ+ kV (AJ:- +Qi2 R8d@9 U+X RNNRV- ke3)- dzHQ+HBx+BQM2bǴ UGQ+ jV (AJ:- +Qi2 R8d@9 U+X RNNRV- keN)- v dzbmKb /B`2+ibǴ UGQ+ 9V (AJ:- +Qi2 R8d@9 U+X RNNRV- kdd)X lM HBbi /2 iQ/Qb HQb tBQKb BMi`Q@ /m+B/Qb T` +Ti` 2H K#B2Mi2 /2 HQb HQ+HBx/Q`2b 7mM/K2MiH2b 7m2 +QMp2MB2Mi2K2Mi2 `2;Bbi`/ TQ` 2H T`QTBQ :`Qi?2M/B2+F H BMB+BQ /2H KMmb+`BiQ (AJ:- +Qi2 R8d@9 U+X RNNRV- ked)X

RjX G1a .ú_Aoh1l_a URNNRV

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HQ+H /2H ;`mTQ /2 ?QKQiQTő T` mM +i2;Q`ő // X, π0 (X) ≈ HomW (eW , X) UeW

Q#D2iQ }MH 2M W V (AJ:- +Qi2 R8d@9 U+X RNNRV- k3e)X lM i2`+2` iBTQ /2 tBQKb i`i T`QTB2//2b /2 +Q}#`+BƦM v }#`+BƦM +QM `2bT2+iQ  W UGQ+ e- dV (AJ:- +Qi2 R8d@9 U+X RNNRV- k3N@jR9)- v 2tTHQ` /2i2MB/K2Mi2 bmb 2[mBpH2M+Bb 2bi`m+im`H2b +QM `2bT2+iQ  bm#7KBHBb /2 KQ`}bKQb8eR (AJ:- +Qi2 R8d@9 U+X RNNRV- jR8@j98)X 6BMHK2Mi2- mM +m`iQ iBTQ /2 tBQKb b2 `2}2`2  T`QTB2//2b /2 2bi#BHB// BM}MBi`B, +Hmbm` /2 W TQ` +QHőKBi2b /B`B;B/Qb UGQ+ 3V (AJ:- +Qi2 R8d@9 U+X RNNRV- j9e) v ++2bB#BHB//GsAA /2 W pBbi +QKQ bm#+i2;Q`ő /2 Cat UGQ+ NV (AJ:- +Qi2 R8d@9 U+X RNNRV- j8y)X 1M iQ/Q 2bi2 /2bHBM/2 /2 tBQKb- p2KQb +ƦKQ :`Qi?2M/B2+F #mb+ H iB2KTQ mM +QM@ i`QH HQ+H bQ#`2 Hb 7KBHBb W UGQ+ R@9V- mM +QMi`QH BMi2`K2/BQ UKBtiQ  H GmiKMV bQ#`2 HQb ;`mTQb /2 ?QKQiQTő UGQ+ 8V- v mM +QMi`QH ;HQ#H bQ#`2 H 7Q`K UGQ+ e@dV v 2H iKƢQ UGQ+ 3@NV /2 Hb +i2;Q`őb M [W −1 ]X 1H i2DB/Q `2bmHi b2` iőTB+K2Mi2 ;`Qi?2M/B2+FBMQ, pBpûM 2Mi`2 HQ T`iB+mH` v HQ ;2M2`H- #+F@M/@7Q`i? 2Mi`2 iBTQb v `[m2iBTQb- /BHû+iB+ 2Mi`2 HQ HQ+H v HQ ;HQ#H- 2tTHQ`+BƦM 2t?mbiBp /2 2[mBpH2M+Bb HƦ;B+b BMi2`K2/Bb- /2b@ ;HQb2 2bi`m+im`Hf}#`/Q /2 H `[mBi2+iƦMB+- U`2VT`2b2Mi+BƦM /2 HQ HBKői`Q72fBM}MBi`BQ  T`iB` /2 T`QtBK+BQM2b T`+BH2bf}MBi`BbX 1H i`#DQ 2t?B#2 mM p2x K€b H T`Q7mM/ +QMiBMmB// /2 bm T2MbKB2MiQ- /QM/2 HQ #DQ UHotV v HQ HiQ UCatV b2 BHmKBMM bBM +2@ b` 2Mi`2 bő- ?bi 2H TmMiQ /2 [m2 2H i`€MbBiQ KBbKQ 2Mi`2 HQ +QM+`2iQ v HQ #bi`+iQ b2 +QMpB2`i2 2M 2H i2K TQ` 2t+2H2M+B ĜH `xƦM #BbKHĜ /2H 2Mi2M/BKB2MiQ Ki2K€iB+QX 8eR

1H /2iHH2 /2 Hb BKTHB++BQM2b HƦ;B+b 2b [mő 2ti`2KQ Up2` /B;`Kb /2 +Q``2bTQM/2M+Bb HƦ;B+b (AJ:- +Qi2 R8d@9 U+X RNNRV- jkj- jj9- jj3- j98)V- v `2+m2`/ bmb K2DQ`2b KQK2MiQb /2 M€HBbBb HƦ;B+Q 2M H h2bBb .Q+iQ`H (RN9N@8j)X

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G ++2bB#BHB// /2 mM +i2;Q`ő `2bTQM/2  H T`Q#H2K€iB+ /2 +ƦKQ ;2M2`` bmb Q#D2iQb-  T`iB` /2 mM +QMDmMiQ /2 QT2`+BQM2b /2 iKƢQ +Qi/Q UmM +`/BMH BM}MBiQ `2;mH` κ- TQ` 2D2KTHQVX lM +i2;Q`ő C b2 /B+2 κ@++2bB#H2 bB H +i2;Q`ő TQb22 +QHőKBi2b /B`B;B/Qb /2 iKƢQ κ- 2tBbi2 mM bm#+QMDmMiQ P /2 Q#D2iQb +mvQb 7mMiQ`2b `2T`2b2Mi#H2b T`2b2`pM HQb κ@+QHőKBi2b- v iQ/Q Qi`Q Q#D2iQ /2 C 2b +QHőKBi2 /2+m/Q /2 Q#D2iQb 2M P X lM +i2;Q`ő 2b ++2bB#H2 bB 2b κ@++2bB#H2 T` H;ȹM κX Gb +i2;Q`őb /2 +QMDmMiQb- /2 +QMDmMiQb bBKTHB+BH2b/2 KƦ/mHQb- bQM ℵ0 @++2bB#H2bc H +i2;Q`ő /2 KQ/2HQb /2 mM i2Q`ő 2MmK2`#H2 /2 T`BK2` Q`/2M 2b ℵ1 @++2bB#H2X G +i2;Q`ő /mH /2 HQb Q`/BMH2b Ordop MQ 2b ++2bB#H2X

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:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

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GQb .û`Bpi2m`b (RNNR) T`Qp22M mM 2D2KTHQ Kmv }MQ /2 #ȹb[m2/b /2 dz[mBMi2b2M+BǴ`[m2iBTQb v mMB// 2M 2H €H;2#` iQTQHƦ;B+X 1H €H;2#` b2 p2 BK#mB/ /2 iû+MB+b v T2`bT2+iBpb iQTQHƦ;B+b 2M KȹHiBTH2b MBp2H2b- iQ/b +Q#BD/b Q `2+m#B2`ib +QM bmK bmpB// 2M H #bi`++BƦM K€b Hi, UBV Hot +Q#BD/ 2M Cat- UBBV HQb iBTQb /2H €H;2@ #` ?QKQHƦ;B+ U+Q2}+B2Mi2bV v HQb iBTQb /2H €H;2#` ?QKQiƦTB+ UHőKBi2bV +Q#BD/Qb /2Mi`Q /2 i`€MbBiQb +i2;Ʀ`B+Qb ;2M2`H2b- UBBBV Hb ++BQM2b /2H 7Q`KHBbKQ ?QKQiƦTB+Q v Hb /@ DmM+BQM2b /2`2+?bfBx[mB2`/b /2 H +Q?QKQHQ;őf?QKQHQ;ő +Q#BD/b #DQ H tBQK€iB+ /2 HQb /2`Bp/Q`2b- UBpV HQb i`€MbBiQb U7mMiQ`BHBx+BƦM /2 HQb T`Q+2bQb /2 /2`Bp+BƦMV v HQb BMp`BMi2b U2bi#BHB// BMi`őMb2+- BM/2T2M/2M+B /2 +K#BQb /2 #b2V +Q#BD/Qb #DQ 2H dzi2+?QǴ +MƦMB+Q v mMBp2`bH /2 iQ/b Hb +i2;Q`őb- UpV Hb `2bQHm+BQM2b /2 Hb Q#b@ i`m++BQM2b  MQ +MQMB+B// 2M +i2;Q`őb #2HBMb v /2`Bp/b- ;`+Bb H mbQ /2H G2K /2 uQM2/ 2M iQTQb /2 T`2?+2b- +Q#BD/b #DQ 2H K#B2Mi2 /2 HQb HQ+HBx/Q`2b 7mM/@ K2MiH2b- 2D2KTHQb +2Mi`H2b /2 /2`Bp/Q`2bX Gb K``b /2H S2[mQ/ b2 bm2HiM H #mb+` +Tim`` 2bQb dzi`b+2M/2Mi2bǴ [m2 ;Q@ #B2`MM bBKmHi€M2K2Mi2 H ?QKQHQ;ő v H ?QKQiQTőX :`Qi?2M/B2+F Mp2; 2M Hb dz;mb HibǴ /2 H #bi`++BƦM ĜH2DQb K` /2Mi`QĜ v 2b 2M 2b2 2MiQ`MQ ``B}+/Q- H2D/Q /2 Hb T`iB+mH`B//2b- /QM/2 +QMbB;m2 pBbHmK#`` mM mMB// BMpBbB#H2 /2b/2 2H KmM/Q 7`;K2M@ i/Q /2 Hb T`B2M+Bb +QM+`2ibX 1M mM +B2`iQ b2MiB/Q- 2b +QKQ bB H dz`2HB//Ǵ KBbK /2 Hb +Qbb MQ T2`KBiB2` p2`Hb- v b2 M2+2bBi` mM 2H2p+BƦM B/2H /2 H KB`/ T` T2`+B#B` bm p2`//2` `B[m2xX LQ 2b Qi`Q 2H b2MiB/Q /2 mM dzK2i7őbB+Ǵ HH2M/2 H 7őbB+/2 mMQb dz`[m2iBTQbǴ HH2M/2 HQb iBTQb- /2 HQ dzmMBp2`bHǴ HH2M/2 HQ T`iB+mH`, bm T`Q7mM/Q BMi2`ûb +QMbBbi2 2M `2p2H` Q /2bT2D` HQ mMBi`BQ /2i`€b /2 HQ KȹHiBTH2- HQ +MƦMB+Q /2i`€b /2 HQ +QMiBM;2Mi2- HQ BMp`BMi2 /2i`€b /2 H p`B+BƦM- HQ BMi2;`H /2i`€b /2 HQ /B72`2M+BHX hQ/ H Q#` /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F /2b#`Qx- +QM K2iB+mHQbB// 2ti`2K- 2bQb +KBMQbX

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R9X _ú*PGh1a 1h a1JAGG1a URN3j@RN3eV

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R9X _ú*PGh1a 1h a1JAGG1a URN3j@RN3eV

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GQb i2Kb bQM T`QTBQb /2H _QKMiB+BbKQ v +QMpQ+M iMiQ Hb MQp2Hb dz/2 +T v 2bT/Ǵ- +QKQ Hb MQp2Hb /`K€iB+b /2 H ûTQ+X G +2`+Mő +QM oő+iQ` >m;Q UGQb KBb2`#H2b- R3ekV 2K2`;2 bő 2M mM Mm2pQ €K#BiQ- K€b HH€ /2 Hb +QMi2KTH+BQM2b /2H K` v /2 H +QKmMBƦM 2M+QMi`/ H`2/2/Q` /2H dzK` ûiH2ǴX o2` ``B#- TTX Rd8- kjNX

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:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

iQ/Q /2 +BM+Q MQ+BQM2b +Hp2 2bi`2+?K2Mi2 HB;/bǴ (RN3j@3e- kXRdd), UBV Hb +i2;Q`őb /2`Bp/b 2M 2H €H;2#` ?QKQHƦ;B+ v bm mbQ T` UBBV 2H 7Q`KHBbKQ /2 Hb b2Bb QT2`+BQM2b L

U⊗, Lf ∗ , Rf! , RHom, Rf∗ , Lf ! V Ĝ[m2 2M;HQ# iMiQ +Q2}+B2Mi2b /Bb+`2iQb- +QKQ +Q2}+B2Mi2b +QMiBMmQbĜ 2M H +Q?QKQHQ;ő /2 HQb 2bT+BQb K€b /Bp2`bQb, H;2#`B+Qb- MHőiB+Qb- iQTQHƦ;B@ +Qb- ?QKQiƦTB+Qb (RN3j@3e- kXRdd)c UBBBV HQb 2b[m2Kb v UBpV HQb iQTQb (RN3j@3e- kXR3y)T`i2 /2 mM dz`B[m2x B;MQ`/Ǵ v mM dzbőMi2bBb `2+?x/Ǵ (RN3j@3e- kXR3R)c Hb 2bi`m+@ im`b `BiKûiB+b BMbQbT2+?/b 2M ;`mTQb /2 :HQBb T`Q}MBiQb bQ+B/Qb  BMp`BMi2b ?QKQiƦTB+Qb (RN3j@3e- kXR3k)- v- 2K2`;B2M/Q /2 2b ;2QK2i`ő `BiKûiB+- UpV HQb KQiBpQbH dzMQ+BƦM [m2 K2 HH2; H +Q`xƦM- K€b [m2 +mH[mB2` Qi`Ǵeyk (RN3j@3e- kXR3k)X  T`iB` /2 HQ Mi2`BQ`- :`Qi?2M/B2+F bm#`v [m2 dzmM KQiBp+BƦM T`BM+BTH v mM G2BiKQiBp +QMbiMi2 2M KBb i`#DQb-  HQ H`;Q /2 HQb [mBM+2 ƢQb /2 RN88  RNdy- 7m2 H +Q?QKQHQ;ő /2 Hb p`B2//2b H;2#`B+bǴ (RN3j@3e- kXRNk)X a2 i`i /2 mM i2K [m2 `2iQK .2HB;M2 v +mv T`QTB+BƦM T`Q/m+2 mM dz+B2`iQ bQK#`QǴ 2M bm K2bi`Q (RN3j@3ekXRNk)X 1M `2HB//- H `xƦM Ki2K€iB+ T`Q7mM/ /2H /BbiM+BKB2MiQ 2Mi`2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F v .2HB;M2 b2 /2#2  [m2 H T`m2# /2 UH i2`+2` T`i2 /2V Hb +QMD2im`b /2 q2BH- TQ` T`i2 /2 .2HB;M2eyj - `2bmHi b2` BM/2T2M/B2Mi2 /2H T`Q;`K /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F T` /2KQbi`` Hb +QMD2im`b 2bi€M/` (RN3j@3e- kXRNk)X P+m``2 2M 272+iQ mM `iB}+BQ iû+MB+Q H2D/Q /2H +KBMQ Mim`H /2 Hb +QMD2im`b 2bi€M/` U/2 /QM/2 b2 /2/m+2M miQK€iB+K2Mi2 Hb +QMD2im`b /2 q2BHV- [m2- bmK/Q  mM /2bi2M+BƦM 2M 2H `2+QMQ+BKB2MiQ /2 bm Hm@ ;`- Hi2` v dz7`mbi`Ǵ  :`Qi?2M/B2+F (RN3j@3e- kXke3@keN)X G H`; b2++BƦM dzJB KB;Q eyk

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9y3

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R9X _ú*PGh1a 1h a1JAGG1a URN3j@RN3eV

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R8X G *G16 .1a aPL:1a URN3d@RN33V

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9j9

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

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R8X G *G16 .1a aPL:1a URN3d@RN33V

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9je

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

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R8X G *G16 .1a aPL:1a URN3d@RN33V

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R8X G *G16 .1a aPL:1a URN3d@RN33V

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99k

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R8X G *G16 .1a aPL:1a URN3d@RN33V

99j

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ejN e9y

P#bû`p2Mb2 iMiQ 2H iû`KBMQ dz+Q`xƦMǴ- BK;2M Kmv ;`Qi?2M/B2+FBM T` +2`+`b2 H Mȹ+H2Q T`Q7mM/Q /2 Hb +Qbb- +QKQ 2H iû`KBMQ dzHB#`QǴ- /QM/2 b2 BM/B+ mM 2p2MimH +QMbB/2`+BƦM /2 Tm#HB++BƦM- [m2 }MHK2Mi2 MmM+ b2 /`€X J€b /2HMi2- :`Qi?2M/B2+F pm2Hp2 bQ#`2 2H dzi2tiQ /2biBM/Q  Tm#HB++BƦMǴ (RN3d- ee)X :`Qi?2M/B2+F bm#`v [m2 MQ b2 i`i /2 mM B/2 /2b+m#B2`i- +QM+2#B/ Q BMp2Mi/- bBMQ /2 mM dz?2+?Q #bQHmiK2Mi2 HQ+Q (/BM;m2)- BM+`2ő#H2 Ĝ Ĭv bBM 2K#`;Q p2`//2`Q5Ǵ (RN3d- 9d)X :`Qi?2M/B2+F `2;Bbi` bm ++2bQ T2`bQMH  2b2 dz?2+?QǴ- dzmM /ő /2 KBi/ /2 MQpB2K#`2 /2H ƢQ Tb/Q (RN3e)- ?+2 TQ+Q K€b /2 b2Bb K2b2b UXXXV /m`Mi2 iH p2x mM +m`iQ /2 ?Q`Ǵ (RN3d- 93)X

999

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

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R8X G *G16 .1a aPL:1a URN3d@RN33V

998

Tm2#HQ Dm/őQ /2 l+`MB- LQ#Qxv#FQpǴe9k (RN3d- 3R)- bő +QKQ 2M 2H 2MiQ`MQ /2 H dz7KBHB T`Qi2biMi2Ǵ /2 bm K/`2 2M "2`HőM (RN3d- 3j)X G }HQbQ7ő HB#2`i`B /2 bmb T/`2b v H 72 2M vm/`  HQb K€b /2bTQb2ő/Qb +HM ?QM/K2Mi2 2M 2H DQp2M H2tM/2`- +QKQ 7Q`K BMB+BH /2 ++2bQ  H #QM// 2HmbBp /2 .BQbX lM b2++BƦM Kmv őMiBK UȜk3- dz1bTH2M/Q` /2 .BQb Ĝ Q 2H TM v 2H `QTD2Ǵ (RN3d- 3e@33)V b2 #b Hm2;Q 2M mM i2tiQ 2b+`BiQ TQ` ab+? v >MF 2M RNkd (RN3d- 3d)- /QM/2 b2 M`` mM 2TBbQ/BQ /2 H pB/ /2H T/`2- Q+m``B/Q 2M 2H ȹHiBKQ URNR9V /2 bmb Q+?Q ƢQb /2 2bi/ő 2M T`BbBƦM #DQ 2H `û;BK2M x`BbiX  TmMiQ /2 /2b7HH2+2`- dzbBM +QK2` MB #2#2` UXXXV +QM 2H HK mH+2`/- `Qő/ TQ` mM BKTQbB#H2 `2pm2Hi v TQ` H ?mKBHH+BƦM /2 H BKTQi2M+BǴ- 2H T/`2 bB2Mi2 mM +Qb BMm/Bi Ĝ [m2 7m2 2H b2+`2iQ K€b T`2+BQbQ v K2DQ` ;m`//Q 2M HQb /B2x ƢQb bB;mB2Mi2b /2 bm pB/X 1b mM QH bȹ#Bi /2 Hmx- /2 BM/2b+`BTiB#H2 BMi2MbB//- 2M /Qb KQK2MiQb bm+2bBpQb- [m2 HH2M bm +ûHmH v HQ T2M2i` v HQ HH2M- +QKQ mM ;m T`Q7mM/ [m2 HBpB v #Q`` iQ/Q /QHQ`- v +QKQ mM 7m2;Q `/B2Mi2 [m2 b2 +QMbmK2 /2 KQ` Ĝ mM KQ` bBM HőKBi2b T` iQ/Qb HQb pBpQb- #``B2M/Q v #Q``M/Q iQ/ /BbiBM+BƦM /2 dzKB;QǴ v dz2M2KB;QǴ (RN3d3d)X

_2bmHi Kmv i`+iBpQ Q#b2`p` +ƦKQ- 2M H 2b+`Bim` /2 bmb T/`2b- /2b/2 2H BMB+BQ- 2M 2H T2`BQ/Q KBbKQ /2 ;2bi+BƦM /2 bm ?BDQ- 2K2`;2M Hb pBbBQM2b /2H pQH+€M Udz7m2;Q `/B2Mi2ǴV v /2H K` Udz;m T`Q7mM/ǴV Ĝ/Qb /2 Hb BK€;2M2b +2Mi`H2b [m2 ?2KQb iQK/Q 2M 2bi KQMQ;`7ő T` BMi2Mi` 2Mi2M/2`  H2tM/2` :`Qi?2M/B2+FĜ- v +ƦKQ- 2M H K2/B+BƦM /2H 7m2;Q v 2H ;m- b2 2H2p 2H dzKQ`Ǵ- KQiQ` BKT`2b+BM/B#H2 /2 bm Q#`X e9k

a2;ȹM 2H `2+m2MiQ /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F- 2H T/`2 2b+T /2H Tm2#HQ  HQb R9 ƢQb T` mMB`b2  ;`mTQb M`[mBbib- v-  T`iB` /2 HHő- dzH 72 2M H Ŀ_2pQHm+BƦM KmM/BHŀ- /2 H +mH b2 b2Miő mM TQbiQH /2bB;M/Q- iQK 2H Hm;` /2 72 2M .BQbǴ (RN3d- 3R)X 1M mM MQi H TB2- BM/B+ [m2 dz/2#Q  KB T/`2 2H ?#2`b2 2b7Q`x/Q TQ` bmb+Bi` 2M Kő H KBbK bQHB/`B// +QM HQb K€b /2b?2`2//Qb- [m2 7m2 iM 7m2`i2 2M ûH v T2`KM2+BƦ bB2KT`2 pBpǴ (RN3d- 3R)X .2 B;mH KM2`- bm#`v H dzT2`bQMHB// 2t+2T+BQMHK2Mi2 7m2`i2Ǵ /2 bm K/`2- v bm 2M2`;ő H dzHB#2``b2 /2 H miQ`B// KQ`H /2 bmb T/`2b /2b/2 HQb R9 ƢQbǴ (RN3d- 3j) U HQb R9 ƢQb- H2tM/2`- TQ` bm T`i2- 2bi`€ bHB2M/Q /2H +KTQ /2 +QM+2Mi`+BƦM /2 _B2m+`Qb Ĝ T`2b2M+BKQb bő i`2b +`+i2`2b Kmv 7m2`i2b- K`+/Qb /2b/2 i2KT`M 2//VX :`Qi?2M/B2+F `2bHi HQb dz/QM2b HBi2``BQb MQi#H2bǴ /2 K#Qb (RN3d- 3j)- v /2/B+ p`Bb T€;BMb  b2;mB` 2M /2iHH2 H pB/ 7b+BMMi2 /2 bmb T/`2b (RN3d- 3y@38)X 1b 7€+BH b2MiB` bm 2Mi2` /2pQ+BƦM TQ` 2HHQb, bmb };m`b ûiB+b H2 +QKTƢ`€M őMiBKK2Mi2 2H `2biQ /2 bm pB/X

99e

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

.2bTmûb /2H ?QK2MD2  bmb T/`2b- :`Qi?2M/B2+F `bi`2 bmb p`BQb 2M+m2Mi`Qb v /2b2M+m2Mi`Qb +QM .BQb, UBV dzT`BK2` p2biB;BQ +QM+`2iQǴ  HQb i`2b ƢQb- +mM/Q- 2M mM K`;2M /2 mM HB#`Q T` MBƢQb- /B#mD  bm T/`2 /2``KM/Q mM ++2`QH /2 ;m bQ#`2 H +#2x /2H "m2M .BQb (RN3d- 3N)c UBBV b2;mM/Q 2M+m2Mi`Q +mM/Q- dz2M H 7KBHB Kmv +QKQ b2 /2#2 /2 mM M+BMQ TbiQ`Ǵ  H [m2 ? bB/Q 2MpB/Q TQ` bmb T/`2b (RN3d- 3N)- b2 iQT +QM _m/B "2M/i- dz?QK#`2 /2 ;`M b2M+BHH2x- +QM/B+BƦM ?mKBH/2 v TQ+ BMbi`m++BƦMǴ/2H +mH dz2H KQ` B``/B# iM bBKTH2K2Mi2- iM Mim`HK2Mi2 +QKQ `2bTB`#- +QKQ mM ~Q` 2t?H bm T2`7mK2Ǵ (RN3d- Ny)- +mv dzmb2M+B /2 iQ/ pMB//Ǵ :`Qi?2M/B2+F /2i2+i bQHQ 2M };m`b 2D2KTH`2b +QKQ *`BbiQ- "m/ Q GQ@hb2 (RN3d- NR)- v 2M [mB2M b2 `2HBx dz?mKBH/2K2Mi2 v 2M iQ/ bm T2`72++BƦM- 2H +m2`/Q +QKTH2iQ v H mMB// +QM .BQb [m2 pBp2 2M ûHǴ (RN3d- Nk)c UBBBV b2`B2 /2 /2b2M+m2Mi`Qb 2M H /QH2b+2M+B- dz?bi KB /2+BKQb2tiQ ƢQǴ- +mM/Q :`Qi?2M/B2+F +QMbB/2` [m2 dz.BQb 2b Tm` BMp2M+BƦM /2H 2bTő`Bim ?mKMQǴT`i2 /2 mM dzKQ`H +QMp2M+BQMH [m2 K2 T`2+ő Kmv 2bi`2+?- v /2biBM/ K€b #B2M  T2`T2im` Hb /2bB;mH//2b v Hb BMDmbiB+BbǴ (RN3d- N9)- bBim+BƦM [m2 H2 HH2p  mM dz2b+2TiB+BbKQ T2`2MiQ`BQ /2 .BQb v bQ#`2 iQ/Q  KB /2b+QM}Mx pBb+2`H +QM `2bT2+iQ  Hb A;H2bBb /2 iQ/ +QM72bBƦM v Q#2/B2M+BǴ (RN3d- Ne)c UBpV dzT`BK2` #`2+?Ǵ b2MiB/ dz2M K`xQ RN99- +mM/Q B#  +mKTHB` /B2+Bb2Bb ƢQbǴ (RN3d- Ne)- /QM/2- 2M mM +QMp2`biQ`BQ /2 #BQHQ;ő- /2b+m#`2 [m2 2M H dzK€b KőMBK +2HmH pBpǴ b2 2M+m2Mi`M mM dzAMi2HB;2M+BǴmM dzAMi2M+BƦMǴ v mM dzS`QTƦbBiQǴ- dzKBbi2`BQbQb T` H BMi2HB;2M+B ?mKM- T2`Q +mv T`2b2M+B 2b B``2+mb#H2Ǵ (RN3d- N3)- HQ [m2 H2 HH2p  dz+K#B` /2 +i2;Q`őǴ- /2 dzi2QǴ  dz/2őbiǴ (RN3d- Ryy)c UpV dz+`BbBb /2 #`BH RNd9Ǵ (RN3d- RRj)- +mM/Q b2 2M7`2Mi  mM dzKQK2MiQ /2 p2`//Ǵ v  mM i`#DQ /2 `2~2tBƦM bm#bB;mB2Mi2 UDmMBQ  ;QbiQ RNd9V- ?bi HH2;`  Hb dz;`M/2b +QMKQ+BQM2b BMi2`BQ`2b /2 RNde- ƢQ /2 mM p2`//2` Ŀ7mM/B+BƦM /2 HQb ?B2HQbŀ 2M H TbB[mBbǴ- #DQ H BM~m2M+B /2 E`Bb?MKm`iB (RN3d- RR8)X .2 2bi KM2`- 2H dz2b#QxQ /2 KB 2pQHm+BƦM 2bTB`BimHǴ (RN3d- Rky) Km2bi` mM H`;Q- +QKTH2DQ- KmHiB7+ûiB+Q v xB;x;m2Mi2 +KBMQ 2M H T`2+B+BƦM /2 .BQbX

R8X G *G16 .1a aPL:1a URN3d@RN33V

99d

S`i2 Ao (RN3d- Rjd@R3k)X 1H N /2 DmHBQe9j b2 BMB+B H +m`i T`i2 /2 G +H27 /2b bQM;2bX .2bTmûb /2 bmb p`B/b 2tT2`B2M+Bb H`2/2/Q` /2 .BQb- :`Qi?2M/B2+F bB2Mi2 H M2+2bB// /2 dz?+2` Ŀ+QMp2`;2`ŀ H 2b+`Bim` /2 mM ?xe99 /2 MQib [m2 T`2+ő [m2`2` /Bp2`;B` K€b v K€bǴ (RN3d- Rjd)X G H2+im` /2H T2MbKB2MiQ `2HB;BQbQ /2 J`+2H Gû;mie98 H2 vm/ 2M 2b i`2- v 2M+m2Mi` mM dz+QMp2`;2M+B ;2M2`H /2 Hb KBbBQM2b ?mKMb- [m2 Gû;mi T2`+B#2 +QM T`Q7mM/B// pBbBQM`BǴ (RN3d- R9y)X G +QMp2`;2M+B ;2M2`H 2b [mő 2b2M+BH- H mMB` 2M mM pBbBƦM +QKȹM HQ 2bTB`BimH v HQ Ki2`BH- v TQ/2` 2b+T` bő /2 mM dz++Q7QMő /2 BM+QKT`2MbBƦM KmimHǴe9e (RN3d- R9R)X :`Qi?2M/B2+F `2+QMQ+2 2MiQM+2b [m2 bm dzKBbBƦMǴ (RN3d- R9j) +QMbBbi2 2M T`Q7mM/Bx` 2M bő KBbKQ- v +QMi` mM dzK2/Bi+BƦM T2`b2;mB/ Ŀ2M Tȹ#HB+QŀǴ (RN3d- R99)- T` TQ/2` dzHB#2``Ǵ (RN3d- R98) 2H +QMQ+BKB2MiQv /2bi` HQb T`2DmB+BQb [m2 ?M 2M+/2M/Q  H TbB[mBbX 1M 2b2 T`Q+2bQ /2 KTHB+BƦMT2`im` v HB#2`+BƦM- H T`2b2M+B /2H aQƢ/Q` +iȹ +QKQ mM KmHiBTHB+/Q` /2 /BK2MbBƦM[m2 2M`B[m2+2 H `xQM#BHB// U4 `xƦM Y b2MbB#BHB//VX e9j

e99

e98

e9e

*QM 2biQ- Tm2/2 +H+mH`b2 [m2- ?bi 2H KQK2MiQ- :`Qi?2M/B2+F 2b+`B#2  mM `BiKQ /2 k Q j T€;BMb /B`Bb, S`i2 A- jy #`BH @ kd KvQ- 9e T€;BMb 2M k3 /őbc S`i2 AA- k3 KvQ @ Rk DmMBQ- jj T€;BMb 2M Re /őbc S`i2 AAA- Rj DmMBQ @ k3 DmMBQ- 8d T€;BMb 2M Re /őbc S`i2 Ao- N DmHBQ @ kd DmHBQ- 9e T€;BMb 2M RN /őbX 1H `BiKQ b2 +2Miȹ 2M Hb T`i2b bB;mB2Mi2b, S`i2 o- kd DmHBQ @ R8 ;QbiQ- 38 T€;BMb 2M ky /őbc S`i2 oA- 9 b2TiB2K#`2 @ Rj b2TiB2K#`2- 9d T€;BMb 2M Ry /őbX SQ` Qi`Q H/Q- Hb LQib v HQb JmiMi2b TQb22M mM `BiKQ K€b i2Mm/Q- /B72`2M+B€M/Qb2 v `2BMi2;`€M/Qb2 H`2/2/Q` /2H i2tiQ T`BM+BTH- `BiKQ [m2 H }MH /[mB2`2 mM +/2M+B bBM+QT/ 2M GQb KmiMi2b UR3 b2TiB2K#`2 RN3d @ k #`BH RN338R8 T€;BMb 2M e K2b2bVX aB b2 bB;m2M Hb 72+?b /2H +H2M/`BQ RN3d `2;Bbi`/b 2M 2H /B`BQ- Tm2/2 +QMbii`b2 [m2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F 2b+`B#2 +bB iQ/Qb HQb /őb- BM+HmB/Qb HQb }M2b /2 b2KM, H +QMiBMmB// /2 bm 2KT2ƢQ +QiB/BMQ `2~2D H +QMiBMmB// /2 bm BM[mBbB+BƦM ;2M2`HX lM p2x K€b- 2H Q`/2M v 2H +QMi`QH /2 bm 2b+`Bim` `2~2DM mM 2bi/Q K2MiH bMQ- H2D/Q /2 +mH[mB2` iBTQ /2 dz/2K2M+BǴX G T`B+BƦM /2H dz?xǴ MQ 2b +bmH, ?2KQb BM/B+/Q ``B# UTX 999V H T`2b2M+B /2 mM ?+B}++BƦM /2Mb 2M G +H27 /2b bQM;2b- 2Mi`2 HQ HQ+H v HQ ;HQ#H- 2Mi`2 mM KmHiBTHB+B// /2 T`B2M+Bb /Bp2`;2Mi2b v mM mMB// +QMp2`;2Mi2 bmT2`BQ`- 2Mi`2 iBTQb v `[m2iBTQb- 2Mi`2 HQb bm2ƢQb v 2H aQƢ/Q`X J`+2H Gû;mi URNyy@RNNyV- Ki2K€iB+Q v T`Q72bQ` 2M _2MM2b URNkd@RNjNV- b2 `2iB`Ʀ T`QMiQ +QKQ ;`B+mHiQ` v TbiQ`X am H2DKB2MiQ T`2Kim`Q /2 H +QKmMB// /2#BƦ BKT+i` Km+?Q H :`Qi?2M/B2+F /2 HQb Q+?2Mi- [mB2M- bBM b#2`HQ- ?#ő b2;mB/Q HQb TbQb /2 Gû;miX SQ` Qi`Q H/Q- bmb MmK2`QbQb i2tiQb `2HB;BQbQb URNjj@RN33V T`QTm;MM H #ȹb[m2/ /2 mM +KBMQ BMi2`BQ` v miƦTB+Q- H`2/2/Q` /2 mM };m` `2MQp/ /2 C2bȹb- +mB// TQ` mM +QKmMB// `2~2tBp v bQHB/`BX .2#2 `2bmHi` +H` H +2`+Mő +QM 2H T`Q+2/2` iû+MB+Q /2H KBbKQ :`Qi?2M/B2+F- [mB2M bmpBx 2M HQ dz;2M2`HǴ UQ#D2iQb 2M@KȹHiBTH2V H dz++Q7QMőǴ /2 Hb Q#bi`m++BQM2b T`iB+mH`2b UQ#D2iQb 2M@bőVX

993

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

Pi`Q KmHiBTHB+/Q` /2 Hb TQi2M+Bb ?mKMb b2 bBiȹ 2M 2H dz1`QbǴX 1M +QMi` /2 Hb i`/B+BQM2b `2HB;BQbb- [m2 dzKMB}2biM mM +iBim/ /2 /2b+QM}Mx pBb+2`H +QM `2bT2+iQ  H TmHbBƦM 2`ƦiB+Ǵ (RN3d- R9e)- :`Qi?2M/B2+F Q#b2`p 2M 2b TmHbBƦM dzH ;`M 7m2`x +`2/Q` 2M Q#` 2M 2H lMBp2`bQǴ (RN3d- R9d)X 1H dzbmKB` Mm2bi` MBKHB//- bBM `2b2`pb v bBM p2`;Ƀ2Mx- bBMQ +QM `2+QMQ+BKB2MiQ TQ` 2b `B[m2x K`pBHHQbǴe9d (RN3d- R9d)- 2b T`i2 BKT`2b+BM/B#H2 /2 Mm2bi` ?mKMB//- v dzMQ 2b MB mM x` MB mM #2``+BƦM [m2- 2M iQ/b Hb H2M;mb /2H KmM/Q UbB MQ K2 2[mBpQ+QV- H KBbK TH#` ĿKQ`ŀ /2bB;M iMiQ H 7m2`x [m2 i`2 2H ?QK#`2 v H KmD2`- v HQb iQ`M 2M ĿmM KBbK +`M2ŀ- +QKQ 2H KQ` 2M mM THMQ 2bTB`BimH- [m2 i`b+B2M/2 +`M2 2 BMi2HB;2M+BǴ (RN3d- R9d)X G BMi2;`+BƦM /2 HQ pBbB#H2 v HQ BMpBbB#H2- /2 HQ i2``2MQ v HQ mHi`i2``2MQ- /2 1`Qb v .BQb- /2#2 Q`B2Mi` mM +QMQ+BKB2MiQ TH€biB+Q v ~2tB#H2, dz1`Qb 2b mM 2KM+BƦM /2 .BQb- H 7m2`x /2 1`Qb 2b mM KMB72bi+BƦM /2 H 7m2`x +`2/Q` /2 .BQbǴ (RN3d- R93)X SQ` Qi`Q H/Q- .BQb T`Qp22 mM dza2MiB/Q Ĝ m PDQǴ (RN3d- R9N)- /QM/2 b2 bm#bMM Mm2bi`Qb BKTmHbQb dz+B2;QbǴ (RN3d- R9N)- v /QM/2- 2M p2x /2 BK;BM` 2H lMBp2`bQ +QKQ mM bQ}biB+/ dzK2+€MB+ 2M+D/Ǵ- dzK€b HH€ /2H x`- /2 HQb K2+MBbKQb- /2 Hb TmHbBQM2b2H lMBp2`bQ 2b 1bTő`Bim UXXXV 2b a2MiB/Q UXXXV- +QKQ mM pQx [m2 Km`Km` 2M H bQK#`+QKQ mM bQTHQ BKT2`+2TiB#H2 [m2 Tb- +QKQ mM iőKB/Q 7mH;Q` [m2 bm`;2 /2H 2bT2bQ` /2 H MQ+?2Ǵe93 (RN3d- R8k)X lM dzpBbBƦM /2H ĿhQ/QŀǴ (RN3d- R8j)- dzmM pBbBƦM /2 +QMDmMiQ /2H JmM/QǴ (RN3d- R88)- mM ++2bQ H dzhQ Q S`QTƦbBiQ /2 .BQbǴ (RN3d- R89)- b2 +QMpB2`i2 2MiQM+2b 2M Q#D2iBpQ bBM2 [m MQM /2H T`Qv2+iQ ;`Qi?2M/B2+FBMQ- 2H +mH bQHQ Tm2/2 b2` T`QtBK/Q K2/BMi2 mM BM+2bMi2 dzi`#DQ /2 T`Q7mM/Bx+BƦM BMi2`BQ`Ǵ (RN3d- R83) v mM +QMimM/2Mi2 dzi2biBKQMBQǴ T2`bQMH (RN3d- Rek)X e9d e93

lM Mm2p BK;2M `#Ʀ`2 `2bHi 2b `B[m2x, dzGQ HiQ bmK2`;2 bmb `ő+2b 2M HQ #DQ- v mM €`#QH 2bi`ő Kmv 2M72`KQ bB `2Tm/B` H iB2`` [m2 HQ +Q;2 v [m2 HQ Mmi`2Ǵ (RN3d- R9d)X 1bi2 iBTQ /2 BK€;2M2b ?M ?2+?Q [m2- +QM +B2`i DmbiB+B- SB2``2 *`iB2`- HBM *QMM2b Q Gm`2Mi GzQ`;m2 ?vM bBim/Q H THmK /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F H MBp2H /2 Qi`b ;`M/2b THmKb /2 H H2M;m 7`M+2bX

R8X G *G16 .1a aPL:1a URN3d@RN33V

99N

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98y

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

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G MQ b2T`+BƦM /2 HQb THMQb 2b 7mM/K2MiH- Tm2b HQb mMQb /BHQ;M +QM HQb Qi`Qb /2 KȹHiBTH2b KQ/Qb UT`Qv2+iBpQ- BMv2+iBpQ- 2bT2+mH`- T2M/mH`- #B7`QMi2- 2i+XVX 1biQ `2~2D Hb iû+MB+b /2 MQ b2T`+BƦM mb/b 2M H +QM+2TimHBx+BƦM ;2M2`H /2 HQb ?+2bX SQ` Qi`Q H/Q- mM i2M/2M+B dzb2T`iBbiǴ +QMi``B `2bmHi b2` K€b +`+i2`őbiB+ /2 Hb dz;`M/2b `2HB;BQM2bǴ (RN3d- R3j)X LQ 2b /B7ő+BH BK;BM` [mő mM Mm2pQ ?x 2M ++BƦM- /QM/2 /BbiBMib b2++BQM2b HQ+H2b- 2M /BbiBMiQb THMQb#mb+M T2;`b2 2M b2++BQM2b ;HQ#H2b- [m2 BMi2;`2M +Q?2`2Mi2K2Mi2 /Bp2`bb T2`bT2+iBpb Ki2`BH2bK2MiH2b v 2bTB`BimH2bX S` mM 2ti2MbQ 2bim/BQ /2 Hb +QMi`/B++BQM2b +QKQ KMMiBH /2 +`2iBpB//- p2` KB 6X wHK2X MiBMQKBb /2 H +`2+BƦMX Gb 7m2Mi2b +QMi`/B+iQ`Bb /2 H BMp2M+BƦM 2M oHû`v- q`#m`;- 6HQ`2MbFBX aMiB;Q /2 *?BH2, 6QM/Q /2 *mHim` 1+QMƦKB+- kyRjX .2 H KBbK KM2`- mM K` +i2;Ʀ`B+Q BMmM/ mM Q#D2iQ v /2p2H bm b2MiB/Q K€b KTHBQ- +QKQ 2M HQb iQTQb /2 T`2?+2b /2H G2K /2 uQM2/- Q +QKQ 2M H 2bi`m+im` bmT2`BQ` 2K2`;2Mi2 2M mM iQTQb /2 ?+2b bQ#`2 mM bBiBQ Q bQ#`2 mM 2bT+BQ iQTQHƦ;B+Q T`iB+mH`X

R8X G *G16 .1a aPL:1a URN3d@RN33V

98R

T`2+2M 2H dzbQTHQǴ- H dz#2HH2xǴ- H dz+QKmMBƦMǴ (RN3d- RNR)X .2 mM KM2` K€b 2ti2Mb v ;2M2`H- TQ` mM H/Q- H #2HH2x v H +QMi2KTH+BƦM +QMbiBimv2M /Qb /2 Hb HHp2b (+H27) +2Mi`H2b /2 ++2bQ H +QMQ+BKB2MiQ 2bTB`BimH (RN3d- RNk)- v- TQ` Qi`Q H/Q- 2H dz/QHQ` Ĝ Q H p2`iB2Mi2 /2 bQK#`Ǵ- /2b/2 2H p2`bQe89 - Q7`2+2 mM iBb#Q /2 [m2HHQ [m2 b2 MQb 2b+T (RN3d- RN8)X 1M H p2`iB2Mi2 /2 bQK#`- +QM bm dzKQ`/B/ /2 7`őQ Q [m2K/m` /2 7m2;Q+QM H`;b T`Bp+BQM2bǴ (RN3d- RNe)- v+2 mM dz`2H+BƦM 7m2`i2 v T`Q7mM/Ǵ (RN3d- RNd) +QM 2H b#2`X dzhQ/Q b2 2M+m2Mi` HB;/QǴ (RN3d- RN3)- v 2M H BMi2`+QM2tBƦM /2 HQb /BbiBMiQb KQ/Qb /2 pBp2M+B v /2 T`2?2MbBƦM /2 Hb +Qbb 2b /QM/2 `/B+ H `B[m2x BM;Qi#H2 /2H +QMQ+BKB2MiQ 2bTB`BimHX 1H dzT2`7mK2Ǵ v 2H dzbQTHQ /2 pB/Ǵ- [m2 MQb +2`+M H 2bTő`Bim- v+2M 2M 2H ;mbiQ /2 Hb +Qbb K€b +QM+`2ib, dz2H TM Q 2H ;mǴ- dzHb iB2``b ?ȹK2/b Q 2H TbiQ ?QHH/QǴ- dzH bQM`Bb /2 mM `vQ /2 bQH Q /2 H K/ Q H 7`2b+m` bȹ#Bi /2 mM QM/Ǵ- dz2H QHQ` /2 H K/2` [m2K/ Q /2 H #`b /Q`K2+B/Ǵ Ĝ dz2Mi2M/2` 2bib +Qbb v b2MiB` bm T2`7mK2 2b iK#BûM Mmi`B`b2 /2 2HHb- 2M bm +m2`TQ v 2M bm BMi2HB;2M+B- T2`Q iK#BûM 2M bm HKǴ (RN3d- kyy)X G b2MbB#BHB// /2 Hb dz+Qbb Kmv bBKTH2b [m2 +/ [mB2M Tm2/2 2Mi2M/2` 2M bm iQiHB//Ǵ (RN3d- kyy) #`2 Hb +QKTm2`ib ?+B HQ 2bTB`BimHe88 X aBM 2K#`;Q- 2H b2MiB/Q /2 H #2HH2x- 2H +QMi+iQ ?mKMQ- H b2M+BHH2x /2 2MH+2b 2Mi`2 HQ i2``2MQ v HQ mHi`i2``2MQT` :`Qi?2M/B2+F- dz?M /2bT`2+B/Q +bB bBM /2D` i`x- 2M 2H 2bT+BQ /2 Hb ȹHiBKb /Qb Q i`2b ;2M2`+BQM2bǴ (RN3d- kyR)X G dz+QM+B2M+B /2 H M;mbiB v /2 H KBb2`BǴ e89

e88

S`2+2M bm`;B` [mő Km+?b +QM2tBQM2b Mim`H2b +QM H pB M2;iBp /2 H }HQbQ7ő v /2 H i2QHQ;ő Q`iQ/Qtb 2M H i`/B+BƦM `mb- T`iB+mH`K2Mi2 2M mM 6HQ`2MbFB Q 2M mM h`FQpbFBX LQ Q#biMi2- MQ MQb +QMbi mM iH `2;Bbi`Q 2tTHő+BiQ 2M HQb i2tiQb /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+FX S` mM 2bim/BQ BKTHő+BiQ- /2`Bp/Q 2M +K#BQ /2H K#B2Mi2 mbi2`Q /2 H 7KBHB v /2 H 2tB;2Mi2 ?2`2M+B /2 bm T/`2- p2` Mm2bi`Q *TőimHQ R3 #DQX a2 i`i /2H KBbKQ T`Q+2/2` 2M 2H +BM2 /2 h`FQpbFB- [mB2M- 2M HQb T`iB+mH`2b +QM+`2iQb v 2M Hb BK€;2M2b b2MbB#H2b K€b 2H2K2MiH2b UpB2MiQ 2M HQb #2/mH2b- H2+?2 /2``K/- ;mb `2bB/mH2b- +#HHQb v T2``Qb 2Mi`2 H M2#HBM- HQ/Qb- HHmpBb- 2i+XV- #mb+ bB2KT`2 bB;MQb /2 ++2bQ  H;Q bmT2`BQ` UmMBp2`bH2b ;2M2`H2bVX o2` *TőimHQ R3 #DQX

98k

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

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1H KBbKQ :`Qi?2M/B2+F b2 miQ+`BiB+ 2M 2b2 b2MiB/Q- v b2ƢH [m2 dzTQ` +iBim/2b TQb2bBpb v `2~2DQb /2 pMB//- +QMi`B#mő iK#BûM  H 2ti`Q`/BM`B /2;`/+BƦM ûiB+ /2H i`#DQ +B2Miő}+Q [m2 ?Q` +QMbiiQǴ (RN3d- kyk)X am +`őiB+ H K#B2Mi2 Ki2K€iB+Q MQ 2b K2MQb }`K2- iBH/€M/QHQ /2 +őMB+Q/2bT`2Q+mT/Q- BMKQ`H (RN3d- kyj)X 1M Hb `2~2tBQM2b /2 HQb ƢQb Q+?2Mi- :`Qi?2M/B2+F iQK +QM@ +B2M+B /2 2b2 2bi/Q /2 +Qbb- bBim+BƦM [m2 bBM /m/ H2 /2b;``Ʀ T`Q7mM/K2Mi2  bm bHB/ /2H A>1a URNdyV- T2`Q [m2 ȹM b2 Q+mHi# 2M MBp2H2b BMi2`K2/BQb /2 bm BM+QMb+B2Mi2X Gb TmHbBQM2b +QMi`/B+iQ@ `Bb /2 bm TbB[mBb- 2M +QMi` /2 ûH KBbKQ v /2 bmb +QH2;b- /2#B2`QM b2` bBM /m/ Hb `xQM2b T`Q7mM/b T` bm T`iB/- K€b HH€ /2H BM+B/2Mi2 KBbKQ /2 HQb 7QM/Qb KBHBi`2b /2biBM/Qb H AMbiBimiQX h`2BMi ƢQb /2bTmûb- 2H iQMQ TQ+HőTiB+Q /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F `2bmHi 2bi`2K2+2/Q`X aB #B2M 2b +B2`iQ [m2 mM ;`M T`i2 /2 HQb b2`2b ?mKMQb BM/BpB/mH2b pBpBKQb 2M K2DQ`2b +QM/B+BQM2b Ki2`BH2b UmM[m2 TBûMb2b2- MQ Q#biMi2- 2M 7`B+V- H 2bT2+B2 ?mKM v 2H :HQ#Q- 2M bm +QMDmMiQ- MQ /2DM /2 /2;`/`b2  mM p2HQ+B// BM+2Ti#H2- ƢQ i`b ƢQX SQ` Qi`Q H/Q- H 2K2`;2M+B /2 Hb `2/2b bQ+BH2b ? 2M+2``/Q  +/ BM/BpB/mQ H 7`2Mi2 /2 mM TMiHH, 2H bQTHQ- 2H +QMi+iQ- 2H T2`7mK2- bQM HHő BM2tBbi2Mi2bX G HB#2`i/ ?Q`BxQMiH /2H AMi2`M2i UbmT2`}+B2- KmHiBTHB+B// /2 KmM/Qb TQbB#H2bV p 2M /2i`BK2MiQ /2 bm T`Q7mM/Bx+BƦM p2`iB+H U7QM/Q- T2MbKB2MiQ +`őiB+QVX h`2BMi ƢQb /2bTmûb /2 G +H27 /2b bQM;2bHQb T`2KQMBiQ`BQb HHK/Qb /2 +QM+B2M+B /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F /2#2`őM +QMp2`iB`b2 2M H`Kb T` H Dmp2Mim/ +imHX SBûMb2b2 2M GQb bQM€K#mHQb URNjR@RNjkV /2 >2`KMM "`Q+?X

R8X G *G16 .1a aPL:1a URN3d@RN33V

98j

G dz2b+m+?Ǵ- H dzT2`+2T+BƦMǴ- H dzi`/m++BƦMǴ (RN3d- kR3) b2 +QMpB2`i2M 2M i`2b BKT`2b+BM/B#H2b T` H bmT2`pBp2M+B /2 H 2bT2+B2X lM dz+mHB// /2 p2`// v /2 mi2M@ iB+B//Ǵ (RN3d- kjk) /2#2 Q`B2Mi`MQb, dz2H +iQ [m2 TQ` bm Mim`H2x 2b 2bTB`BimHK2Mi2 7û`iBH- iMiQ T` [mB2M HQ +mKTH2 +QKQ T` 2H lMBp2`bQ 2Mi2`Q- 2b 2H +iQ miûMiB+Q- 2H +iQ `2HBx/Q TQ` mM b2` 2M 2bi/Q /2 p2`//Ǵ (RN3d- kj3)X .2 2bi KM2`- H dzp2`//ǴH2DQb /2 `2/m+B`b2  bBMi;Kb /2/m+iBpQb 2M mM `[mBi2+iƦMB+ HƦ;B+- b2 2Mi`2Hx +QM H #2HH2x v +QM mM `KQMő mMBp2`bH- 2M mM b2MiB/Q TH2MQ Ki2K€iB+Q@}HQbƦ}+Q@KőbiB+Q [m2 bmT2` +mH[mB2` `2/m++BQMBbKQe8N X 1H 2bi/Q /2 p2`// bQHB+Bi mM dz2b+m+? /2 H pQx BMi2`BQ`Ǵ- dz2}+xǴ v dz+Q;2/Q`Ǵ- 2b+m+? [m2- HH2M/2 Mm2bi`Qb b2MiB/Qb v Mm2bi` BM@ i2HB;2M+B- MQb /2D T2`+B#B` H dz`2HB// 2bTB`BimHǴ (RN3d- k9j@k99)X 1H dz/2b+m#`BKB2MiQ /2 H K2/Bi+BƦMǴ +QMbiBimv2 H +Hp2 /2 #Ʀp2/ (+H27)- 2H dzbHiQǴ- H dzT2M2i`+BƦM /2+BbBpǴ 2M HQb T`Q+2bQb /2 +2`+KB2MiQ  HQ 2bTB`BimH (RN3d- k9d)X *QM H K2/Bi+BƦM- /2bT`2+2M 2H dzKB2/Q /2 +QMQ+2`Ǵ (RN3d- k8y)- H dz/BpBbBƦM 2M Kő KBbKQǴ (RN3d- k8y)- Hb dz7m2`xb /2 BMi2`72`2M+BǴ [m2 T2`im`#M 2H bBH2M+BQ BMi2`BQ` (RN3d- k8j)- Hb dzQ`2D2`bǴ (RN3d- k83)Hb dzKHb +QKTƢőbǴ (RN3d- kek)- v Tm2/2M `2}M`b2 H dzb#B/m`őǴ- H dzHB#2`i/Ǵ v H dz`2bTQMb#BHB//Ǵ ?mKMb- 7m2`xb TQbBiBpb bmK2`;B/b 2M Hb dz;mb pbib v T`Q7mM/b /2H `őQ hB2KTQǴeey (RN3d- ke3)X S`i2 oA (RN3d- keN@jR8)X 1H 9 /2 b2TiB2K#`2- /2bTmûb /2H dz~mDQ BM2bT2`/Q /2 mM `2~2tBƦM `2HB;BQb v K2i7őbB+ 2Mi2`K2Mi2 7m2` /2 T`Q;`KǴeeR - :`Qi?2M/B2+F b2 /B+2 e8N

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S` +QM2tBQM2b +QM 2H bmKKmK #QMmK /2 H 2biûiB+ b2;ȹM S2B`+2 U4 dz+`2+BKB2MiQ +QMiBMmQ /2 H `xQM#BHB//ǴV- /QM/2 H 2bi`m+im` `KƦMB+ /2 H #2HH2x /[mB2`2 mM T`Q7mM/Q TT2H Q`B2Mi/Q` T` 2H +QMQ+BKB2MiQ- p2` Mm2bi`Q *TőimHQ Re #DQX  T`iB` /2 2bi BK;2M- v /2 H KM2` +QKQ HQb 7mMiQ`2b `2T`2b2Mi#H2b b2 bmK2`;2M 2M +i2;Q`őb /2 T`2?+2b- `2HBx`2KQb #DQ U*TőimHQ RdV mM BMK2`bBƦM /2 H Q#` +QKTH2i /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F 2M mM iQTQb /2 ?+2b bQ#`2 KQ/2HQb /2 E`BTF2- /QM/2 2biQb ȹHiBKQb bB`p2M /2 /2+m/ `2T`2b2Mi+BƦM T` mM iB2KTQ `KB}+/QX >BbiQ`B- 72MQK2MQHQ;ő v K2i7őbB+ b2 +QMDm;`€M 2M 2b T`QtBK+BƦM mMBi`B Ĝ?+B}+/Ĝ  H i`v2+iQ`B /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+FX :`Qi?2M/B2+F bBiȹ 2b2 dz/2bpőQǴ 2Mi`2 2H ke /2 DmMBQ v 2H j /2 b2TiB2K#`2 (RN3d- keN)- 2b /2+B`- +mM/Q 2b+`B#2 Hb S`i2b Ao- oX

989

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

dzH }M HBbiQ T` `2iQK` 2H ?BHQ /2 H M``+BƦM, H ?BbiQ`B /2 KB `2H+BƦM +QM .BQbǴ (RN3dkeN)X G bHB/ /2H A>1a H2 +QMpB2`i2 2M mM dzBM7iB;#H2 TƦbiQH /2 H oB/- K2Mx/ TQ` H /2K2M+B /2 HQb ?QK#`2b UXXXV i`2 `/B2Mi2 /2 /BK2MbBQM2b BMK2MbbǴ (RN3d- kdy)X *QM bm T`iB/- 2b+T /2 bm dzT`BbBƦMǴ 2M 2H AMbiBimiQ- +`mx mM dzTm2`iǴ (RN3d- kdk) v ++2/2  mM p2`//2` dzHB#2`+BƦMǴ, dzTQ` T`BK2` p2x 2M KB pB/eek - +`2Q- Tm/2 +QMQ+2` H H2;`ő K`pBHH/ v H TH2MBim/ /2 [mB2M b2 bB2Mi2 HBpB/Q /2 TQi2Mi2b Q#bi€+mHQbǴ (RN3d- kdj)X .2bTmûb /2 mM dzT2`BQ/Q /2 72`K2Mi+BƦM BMi2MbǴ +QM H ;2Mi2eej (RN3d- kd9):`Qi?2M/B2+F b2 /2Mi` 2M mM `2+Q;BKB2MiQ BMi2`MQ K€b T`Q7mM/Q- ;`+Bb  H dz+Qb2+? BMm/Bi /2 KBb bm2ƢQb /2b/2 2H ƢQ Tb/Q (RN3e)- bQ#`2 iQ/Q HQb bm2ƢQb K2i7őbB+Qb v HQb bm2ƢQb T`Q7ûiB+QbǴ (RN3d- kd8)X Gb +QKTm2`ib /2 HQ QMő`B+Q +QM7Q`KM 2H K2DQ` ++2bQ  .BQbX *QM dziQ/Q +iQ +`2/Q`- TQ` K€b őM}KQ [m2 T`2x+Ǵ (RN3d- kde)- b2 BMB+B mM 72+mM/ ;2M2`+BƦM /2 H dz2bT2`MxǴ (RN3d- kdd)- /2 H dz72 BMK2Mb 2M 2H ?QK#`2Ǵ (RN3d- kd3)- /2 H +QM+B2M+B /2 +ƦKQ dzbQTH 2H 1bTő`Bim /2 .BQbǴ (RN3d- k3e)X lM dzpB/ Mm2p- #Qb[m2DQ  iB2Mib /2 mM bQ+B2// Mm2pǴ (RN3d- k3d)- bm`;2 H +2Ti` H KmHiBTHB+B// /2 +Tb /2 H `2HB// v /2 H TbB[mBb (RN3d- kNy)X .2b/2 2H bBH2M+BQ v H bQH2//ee9 - :`Qi?2M/B2+F HQ;` 2b+T` /2 mM dzK`2 BMpbQ` /2 `mB/Q UXXXV [m2 HH2M v bmK2`;2 2bi2 JmM/Q /2K2Mi2- +mvQ b2MiB/Q eek

eej

ee9

LQ Q#biMi2- 2M RN8d- 2M mM +Q`i +`BbBb pQ++BQMH- :`Qi?2M/B2+F H2 /2D 2Mi2M/2`  bm K/`2 [m2 dzK2 /BbTQMő  /2D` 2H i`#DQ Ki2K€iB+Q T` ?+2`K2 2b+`BiQ`Ǵ (RN3d- keN)X GQb T2bQb /2 H iû+MB+ bQM Kmv 2tB;2Mi2b- T2`Q :`Qi?2M/B2+F +QMbB;m2 Q#pB`HQb, /2 ?2+?Q- 2H ƢQ RN83 b2 +QMpB2`i2 2M mMQ /2 HQb T2`BQ/Qb KvQ`2b /2 bm +`2iBpB//X 1H Ki2K€iB+Q- 2H KȹbB+Q- 2H 2b+`BiQ` v 2H T2Mb/Q` +QMpBp2M 2M /B72`2Mi2b 2bi`iQb /2 H +QM+B2M+B v /2 H ++BƦMX dzƢQb BMi2MbQb v 72+mM/Qb /2 HQb +QKB2MxQb /2 am`pBp`2 2i oBp`2 2M RNdy@dkǴ (RN3d- kd8)- 2M HQb [m2 /QTi 2H dzTT2H /2bB;M/Q UXXXV /2 ĿTT /2 H 2+QHQ;őŀ- KBi/ :m`ȹ KBi/ Ŀb#BQ /BbiBM;mB/Qŀ- KBi/ Ŀ+#2HHQb H`;Qbŀ KBi/ 2KBM2M+B BKT2+#H2Ǵ (RN3d- kdd)X G B`QMő v 2H ?mKQ` MmM+ H2 7Hi`QM  :`Qi?2M/B2+FX dz T`iB` /2 DmHBQ RNdN- K2 `2iB`û TQ` p2x T`BK2` 2M mM bQH2// +bB /2H iQ/Q +QKTH2iX 1bi b2 T`QHQM;Ʀ /m`Mi2 K€b /2 mM ƢQX 6m2 2H ƢQ 2M 2H [m2- p2BMiB/Qb ƢQb /2bTmûb /2 H Km2`i2 /2 KB K/`2 v i`2BMiBbB2i2 /2bTmûb /2 [m2HH /2 KB T/`2- TQ` p2x T`BK2` Ŀ?B+2 +QMQ+BKB2MiQ +QM KBb T/`2bŀ v +QM HQ [m2 ?#őM bB/Q bmb pB/bX 1b 2MiQM+2b [m2 /2b+m#`ő Hb 7m2Mi2b /2H +QM~B+iQ 2M KB b2`- `2KQMiM/Q  HQb /őb H2DMQb /2 mM BM7M+B `Qi v QHpB//XXXǴ (RN3d- kN8)X

R8X G *G16 .1a aPL:1a URN3d@RN33V

988

v bm#biM+B b2 ``mBM v b2 /2b;`2; 2M 2H +Qb /2H `mB/QǴee8 (RN3d- kNN)X *QMi` mM dzbQ#`2@bim`+BƦM /2H KmM/Q v /2 Kő KBbKQ TQ` 2H `mB/QǴ (RN3d- jyy)- mM dzMQbiH;B /2H bBH2M+BQǴ (RN3d- kNN) H2 +2`+ H +KTQ v  mM +QKmMBƦM +QM H Mim`H2x- H2DQb /2 H dz+Bm// /2 ?Qv- i2Mi+mH`- /2pQ`/Q`- D2i`2/- €`B/Q v `mB/QbQ bőK#QHQ /2 H /2K2M+B /2 Mm2bi`Qb iB2KTQbǴ (RN3d- jyj)X G bQH2// H2 H2D iK#BûM /2 H pB/ 7KBHB`eee T2`Q H2 +2`+  iQ/Q [m2HHQ [m2 i`b+B2M/2 Hb T`iB+mH`B//2b +Qi/b /2H vQX 1Mi`2 RNdj v RNd3- H2D/Q /2 Hb ;`M/2b dzi`2bǴ- :`Qi?2M/B2+F b2 #`2 2MiQM+2b  dzpBpB` 2M 2H T`2b2Mi2Ǵ- dz?+2`Ǵ- dzDm;`Ǵ (Kmb2`) (RN3d- jRj)- /2 KM2` dz2t+2T+BQMHK2Mi2 72+mM/Ǵ (RN3d- jR9)- ?bi HQ;`` dz+2Ti` TH2MK2Mi2- 2M iQ/Q HQ [m2 bQKQb-  2H [m2 Q#` 2M MQbQi`QbǴ (RN3d- jR8)X LQib (RN3d- LR@LRde)X 1Mi`2 Hb 8d MQib UK2/BMb v 2ti2MbbV `272`B/b H +m2`TQ T`BM+BTH /2 G +H27 /2b bQM;2b- 2b+Q;2KQb K2M+BQM`  +QMiBMm+BƦM bQHQ [m2HHb HB;@ /b 2bi`2+?K2Mi2 +QM 2H T2MbKB2MiQ Ki2K€iB+Q- /2b/2 bm 2K2`;2M+B +`2iBp ?bi bm 2bi#BHBx+BƦM `[mBi2+iƦMB+X LQi j, dz1H mMQ v 2H BM}MBiQǴ U9 DmMBQV (RN3d- LRy@LRR)X :`Qi?2M/B2+F T`Qi2bi +QMi` H;mMb bmiBH2xb i2QHƦ;B+b- [m2 MQ /BbiBM;m2M 2Mi`2 mM .BQb ;2M2`H- +QKQ dzP#b2`p/Q` T2`T2imQǴ v dz6m2`x +iBpǴ- v 2H 2bTő`Bim /2 .BQb 2M H TbB[mBb /2 mM T2`bQM T`iB+mH`X G 7Hi /2 `2+QMQ+BKB2MiQ /2 mM .BQb bmT2`BQ` H2 T`2+2 bBKBH`  MQ b#2` /BbiBM;mB` 2Mi`2 dz2H MȹK2`Q R v 2H MȹK2`Q ∞Ǵ v MQ b#2` +QMbii`-

dz2M Hb i`BTbǴ- dzH bBKTH2 2pB/2M+BǴ /2 /BbiBM+BƦM 2Mi`2 2H dzvQǴ v mM dzPi`QǴX LQi d, dz`[m2iBTQb v KMB72bi+BQM2b /2 .BQbǴ Ukk KvQV (RN3d- LR8@LRe)X H;mMQb `[m2iBTQb UJ/`2- S/`2- >BDQ- LBƢQ- LB2iQ- oB2DQV bQM T` :`Qi?2M/B2+F dzbT2+iQb /B72`2Mi2b /2 H ee8 eee

G T`2KQMB+BƦM 2b mM p2x K€b BKT+iMi2- bmK2`;B/Qb +QKQ ?Q` `2HK2Mi2 HQ 2biKQb 2M H ++Q@ 7QMő /2 H /2bBM7Q`K+BƦM  mHi`Mx-  T`iB` /2H `mB/Q /2b+QMi`QH/Q /2 Hb `2/2b bQ+BH2bX lMQ /2 HQb 2b+bQb `2+m2MiQb /2 2b i`v2+iQ`B 7KBHB` `2;Bbi` `€TB/K2Mi2 HQb M+BKB2MiQb /2 bmb +BM+Q ?BDQb URN8j- RN8N- RNeR- RNe8- RNdjV- b2ƢHM/Q [m2 dziQ/Q 2HHQ T2bƦ 2M KB pB/ /2 mM KM2` MQ K2MQb T2b/ [m2 2M +mH[mB2` Qi` pB/Ǵ (RN3d- jRy)X Gb TQ+b `272`2M+Bb  bmb ?BDQb `2~2DM 2H /2bT2;Q v H mb2M+B- T`i2 /2 mM +QKTH2D HB#2`+BƦM /2 K``b- T2`Q iK#BûM mM +mB//Q /2 H BMiBKB// /2 HQb /2K€b v mM BKTmHbQ T`Qi2+iQ` MQ +QMi2KTH/Qb 2M bmb /m`Qb TbB+QM€HBbBb BMi2`MQbX

98e

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

Mim`H2x /2 .BQbǴ- [mB2M 2M+`M 2M iQ/Qb 2HHQb  HQ H`;Q /2 H 2tBbi2M+BX .2 KM2` K€b KTHB- H BM}MBim/ /2 Hb KMB72bi+BQM2b pBpb T`Q+2/2 /2 mM KMMiBH mMBi`BQ Q`B;BMHX LQi Rj, dzo2`// v +QMQ+BKB2MiQǴ URk DmMBQV (RN3d- Lj3@L9y)X lM /BbiBM+BƦM 2Mi`2 dz+QMQ+2`Ǵ U2bT2+i`Q BM[mBbBiBpQV v dz+`22`Ǵ U`2HB;BƦM /Q;K€iB+V T2`KBi2 ?#H` /2 p2`//2b dz2M 2H THMQ /2 H `2HB// 2bTB`BimHǴ- HH2M/2 HQ 2bi`B+iK2Mi2 +B2Miő}+Q- iû+MB+Q Q T`€+iB+QX SQ` mM H/Q- b2 2M+m2Mi`M Hb dzp2`//2b /2 Mim`H2x ;2M2`HǴ- [m2 dzMQ Tm2/2M b2` T`Q#/bǴ- v- TQ` Qi`Q H/Q- dzH p2`// /2 mM bBim+BƦM T`iB+mH`- ȹMB+Ǵ/QM/2 H +QM+`2+BƦM v 2H `B;Q` bBMiQMBxM mM /B€HQ;Q +QM 2H dz>mûbT2/Ǵ 2M MQbQi`QbX G dzK2/B/Ǵ- 2H dzTi`ƦMǴ Q 2H dz+`Bi2`BQǴ /2 p2`// dz`2bB/2M }MHK2Mi2 2M .BQbǴX LQi R9, dzJi2K€iB+b 2 ĿBKTQM/2`#H2bŀǴ URk DmMBQV (RN3d- L9y@L9R)X :`Qi?2M/B2+F Q#b2`p +ƦKQ ? HH2p/Q 2M bő dz+Qbb pBpb v 72+mM/b- 2M +QMi` /2 H BM/B72`2M+B v 2H 2b+2TiB+BbKQ /2 KBb +QM;ûM2`2bǴ- [m2 dzp2BMi2 Q i`2BMi ƢQb /2bTmûb- b2 bBKBHM- /QTiM v 2Mi`M 2M 2H Ti`BKQMBQ +QKȹMǴX HH2M/2 HQb +€H+mHQb v Hb /2KQbi`+BQM2b- /QM/2 b2 b2;m`M 2H dz+m2`/QǴ v 2H dz+QM7Q`iǴ /2 H +QKmMB// Ki2K€iB+- HQb dzBKTQM/2`#H2bǴ- dz[m2 MQ 2Mi`M 2M MBM;mM +D i2`KBM/Ǵ- +QM7Q`KM dzH pB/ v 2H HK /2 H Ki2K€iB+ǴX dzlM bQH T`2;mMi [m2 iQ[m2 2H 7QM/Q Tm2/2 b2` K€b 72+mM/ [m2 KBH Ŀ`2bmHi/Qbŀ UQ Ŀi2Q`őbŀV [m2 +m#`M /2 2bTmK H bmT2`}+B2ǴX LQi jN, dz1H MBƢQ +`2/Q` URV Ĝ Q 2H /2b+m#`BKB2MiQ /2H KmM/QǴ Ukk DmHBQV (RN3d- LRye@LRyN)X 1H /2b+m#`BKB2MiQ 2M HQb Kmv DƦp2M2b 7mM+BQM +QKQ +iQ /2 +`2+BƦM- mM[m2 MQ /û Hm;` ȹM MB  i`#DQb- MB  T`Q/m+iQb iM;B#H2bX G BMQ+2M+B /2H MBƢQ H2 /BbTQM2  b2MiB` dz`2H€KT;Qb BMbiMi€M2Qb /2 +`2iBpB//Ǵ- [m2 H2 T2`KBi2M +iBpK2Mi2 bBKBH` 2 BMi2;``- dz T`iB` /2 H M/ǴX dz*`2Q [m2 MQ 2b 2t;2`/Q /2+B` [m2 2H MBƢQ +QMbB;m2- 2M +HB// v +MiB//- mM +iBpB// +`2/Q` UQ mM ĿQ#`ŀ 2M 2H b2MiB/Q TH2MQ /2H iû`KBMQV K€b +QMbB/2`#H2 Uv /2 H2DQbV 2M HQb /Qb T`BK2`Qb ƢQb /2 bm pB/- /2 HQ [m2 /2bTH2;`€ 2M iQ/Q 2H `2biQ U2t+2T+BƦM ?2+? /2 H;mMb 2tBbi2M+Bb 2t+2T+BQMHK2Mi2 +`2iBpbVǴX LQi 98, dz1H MBƢQ +`2/Q` UkV Ĝ Q 2H +KTQ /2 7m2`xbǴ UR ;QbiQV (RN3d- LRk8@LRke)X G dz+HB// /2 BMQ+2M+BǴ 2M 2H MBƢQ H2 T2`KBi2 ++2/2`

R8X G *G16 .1a aPL:1a URN3d@RN33V

98d

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983

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R8X G *G16 .1a aPL:1a URN3d@RN33V

98N

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9ey

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

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R8X G *G16 .1a aPL:1a URN3d@RN33V

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G pBbBƦM /2 .`rBM- dziM b2M+BHH [m2 mM MBƢQ Tm2/2 2Mi2M/2`HǴ (RN3d- Le8k)- H2 +2`+  dzmM P#` K;Bbi`H 2M p2`//- H P#` /2 Hb Q#`bǴ (RN3d- Le89)- ;Q#2`M/ TQ` dzH B/2 ;2M2`H /2 i`Mb7Q`K+BƦMǴedd (RN3d- Le88)X G i`Mb7Q`K#BHB// /2 H Lim`H2x b2 +Q``2bTQM/2 +QM H i`Mb7Q`K#BHB// /2 H Ki2K€iB+- i`2  H [m2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F /2/B+Ʀ /û+/b 2Mi2`b /2 i`#DQX lM i`Mb7Q`K+BƦM /2 Hb i`Mb7Q`K+BQM2b T`Qp22 }MHK2Mi2 dz2H b2MiB/Q /2 H mMB// +ƦbKB+ /2 H pB/ ?mKM +QM iQ/ pB/ p2;2iH v MBKH- v H mMB// /2H lMBp2`bQ 2M bm ;HQ#HB//Ǵ (RN3d- Leey)X ede edd

*QKT€`2b2 +QM Hb BK€;2M2b /2H €`#QH 2M _û+QHi2b 2i b2KBHH2b (RN3j@3e- jX8ey)- p2` TX 9Rj ``B#X G BK;BM2`ő /2 Hb ;mb i`T mM p2x K€b  :`Qi?2M/B2+F, dzhQ/Q HQ [m2 Mm2bi`b BMp2i2`/b +QbimK#`2b /2 T2MbKB2MiQ UXXXV MQb ?#őM T`2b2Mi/Q +QKQ }DQ v bƦHB/Q- +mH `Q+- /2 `2T2Mi2 b2 TQMő  KQp2` v  ~mB` Ĭ+QKQ mM _őQ 2b+m``B/BxQ bBM +QKB2MxQ MB }MH5 1M Mm2bi`Q ?#Bi€+mHQ- H iB2`` }`K2 v /m`- Hb KQMiƢb M+2M- b2 H2pMiM v /2b;`2;M Q +QHTbM T` ?mM/B`b2 2M 2H K`c 2H K` b2 2tiB2M/2 v 2t+p- Hm2;Q b2 2M+Q;2 v `2b2+- T` #M/QM` 2H Hm;`- +QM[mBbi/Q  bm p2x TQ` H b#M- b2;mB/ TQ` #Qb[m2b [m2 T`2+2M 2i2`MQb +QKQ Hb KQMiƢb /2 MiƢQX 1biQb /2bT`2+2M  bm p2x- HBK/Qb TQ` HQb ;H+B`2b Q bmK2`;B/Qb TQ` Hb ;mbǴ (RN3d- Le88)X GQb +B+HQb /2H K` v 2H pQH+€M b2 `2TBi2M iMiQ  dz2b+H +ƦbKB+Ǵ (RN3d- Le88)- +QKQ  MBp2H /2 H Q#` KBbK /2H miQ`X

R8X G *G16 .1a aPL:1a URN3d@RN33V

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dz>+2 mM ƢQ ȹM- KBb /BbTQbB+BQM2b +QM `2bT2+iQ  6`2m/ 2`M bQ#`2 iQ/Q +`őiB+bX LmM+ K2 pBMQ H B/2- ?v [m2 /2+B`HQ- /2 BM+HmB`HQ 2M mM `2~2tBƦM- v KBb BKT`2bBQM2b bQ#`2 ûH v+őM  ~Q` /2 TB2HX UXXXV >#ő ?2+?Q- mMQb ƢQb Mi2b- H;mMb H2+im`b 2bTQ`€/B+b /2 6`2m/ UXXXV v K2 T`2+őM Kmv H2D/b /2 iQ/Q HQ [m2 K2 2Mb2Ƣ# KB T`QTB 2tT2`B2M+B H`;K2Mi2 K2/Bi/ UXXXV S2`Q KB2Mi`b Dmx;#  6`2m/ /2b/2 HQ HiQ- KB T2MbKB2MiQ v KB pBbBƦM /2H KmM/Q 2bi#M BKT`2;M/Qb- bBM [m2 HQ bmTB2`/2 Hb B/2b 7mM/K2MiH2b [m2 6`2m/ ?#ő bB/Q 2H T`BK2`Q 2M /2bT2D` UXXXVǴ (RN3d- Leey@Leek)X dz T`iB` /2H K2b /2 Q+im#`2 bQHK2Mi2- T`Qp2+?M/Q 2H BMi2`K2/BQ@HmK#;Q- 2KT2+û }MHK2Mi2  /Q+mK2Mi`K2 bQ#`2 6`2m/X 6mB `B+K2Mi2 `2+QKT2Mb/Q- H /2b+m#`B` 2M ûH mMQ /2 HQb ?QK#`2b K€b T`Q7mM/Qb- K€b }MQb- K€b T`Q#Qb- [m2 ?2 2M+QMi`/Q UXXXVǴ (RN3d- Lee9)X G bBM+2`B// v H ?QM`/2x /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F bB2KT`2 b2 2M+m2Mi`M T`2b2Mi2b 2M bmb `2~2tBQM2bX 1b BMi2`2bMi2 Q#b2`p` bm 2b7m2`xQ /2 /Q+mK2Mi+BƦM- 2M mM ûTQ+ 2M H [m2 H +QKmMB// H2 iBH/ /2 dzHQ+QǴX

9e9

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R8X G *G16 .1a aPL:1a URN3d@RN33V

9e8

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.2 KM2` bBKBH`- Hb dzm`bǴ /2 HQb Q#D2iQb- +QMp2`iB/b 2M 7mMiQ`2b `2T`2b2Mi#H2b- b2 bmK2`;2M 2M iQTQb /2 T`2?+2b- v b2 BMb+`B#2M 2M mM `KQMő BMi2`M bmT2`BQ` U2bi`m+im` /2 2t+iBim/ /2H iQTQbVX

9ee

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

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e38

lM MHQ;ő +QM H Ki2K€iB+ b2 iB2M2 ;`+Bb H iQTQb /2 ++BQM2b /2 mM KQMQB/2X am HƦ;B+ bm#v+2Mi2 `2bmHi b2` +H€bB+ bB v bƦHQ bB 2H KQMQB/2 2b mM ;`mTQ UGrp2`2VX aB 2M Hb ++BQM2b /2 H Ki2K€iB+ HQb ;`mTQb T`2+2M TQ` /Q[mB2`- 2M Hb ++BQM2b ?mKMb HQb KQMQB/2b HQ ?+2M /2 7Q`K K€b Mim`H U2M HQ ?mKMQ- bQ+B` 2b `xQM#H2- BMp2`iB` K€b /B7ő+BHVX SQ` HQ iMiQ- Hb HƦ;B+b bm#v+2Mi2b 2M 2H iQTQb /2 mM KQMQB/2 MQ ;`mTQ MQ bQM +H€bB+b- bBMQ BMimB+BQMBbib, Km+?Q K€b TH€biB+b- m#B+mb v T2M2i`Mi2b- +QKQ 2H /2őbKQ +iBpQ /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F HQ `2[mB2`2X J2iQ/QHƦ;B+K2Mi2- MQ Qi`Q 2b 2H T`BM+BTBQ #€bB+Q /2 H i2Q`ő /2 +i2;Q`őb, mM Q#D2iQ iB2M/2  b2` BM+Q;MQb+B#H2 2M@bő U/2b+QKTQbB+BƦM MHőiB+ /2H Q#D2iQV- T2`Q Tm2/2 2M +K#BQ +QMQ+2`b2 TQ` bm ++BƦM 2M@KȹHiBTH2 UKQ`}bKQb- dzm`Ǵ- 7mMiQ` `2T`2b2Mi#H2, +QKTQbB+BƦM bBMiûiB+ /2H Q#D2iQVX

R8X G *G16 .1a aPL:1a URN3d@RN33V

9ed

UpBbi- 2b+m+?- QH7iQ- i+iQ- ;mbiQV `2+Q``2 G +H27 /2b bQM;2b (RN3d)- v- 2M mM bm2`i2 /2 #HQr@mTe3e /2 HQ i2``2MQ- b2 ++2/2  HQ mHi`i2``2MQX lM `2HB// 2bTB`BimH +QKTH2DKmHiBTHB+/ 2M BM}MBiQb MBp2H2b 2Mi`2 H +QM+B2M+B v 2H BM+QMb+B2Mi2- Mmi`2 2MiQM+2b Hb +T+B//2b /2H ?QK#`2- v `2}M bm 2bim/BQ /2 HQb i`€MbBiQb 2Mi`2 HQ pBbB#H2 v HQ BMpBbB#H2X GQb bm2ƢQb v Hb pBbBQM2b KTHőM 2H `M;Q /2 HQ dzBK;BM`BQǴ v HQ 2Mi`2HxM +QM HQ dz`2HǴ2M mM #+F@M/@7Q`i? 2b2M+BH T` 2H 2Mi2M/BKB2MiQ 2 BKT`2b+BM/B#H2 T` H +`2iBpB// Ki2K€iB+X 1H `2bmHi/Q 2tiB2M/2 H 2HbiB+B// v H /m+iBHB// /2 Hb ++BQM2b ?mKMb2M T`Q /2 H +QMbi`m++BƦM /2 mM 2bTő`Bim [m2 `2BMi2;`2 bmp2K2Mi2 H ?QK#`2 +QM mM K2/BQ K#B2Mi2 /2H +mH ûH KBbKQ b2 ? 2t+`2i/QX GQb KmiMi2b b2 bBiȹM 2M 2b2 €K#BiQ /2 2ti2MbBƦM TH€biB+ /2 H BMi2HB;2M+BX AMb@ i`m+iQ`2b 2 AHmKBM/Q`2b (RN3d- L933@L93N)- i`MbKBi2M K2MbD2b 2bTB`BimH2b ++2bB#H2b  iQ/Qb- v /B7mM/2M H 2ti2`BQ` +B2`ib pBbBQM2b [m2 H2b +QMKQpB2`QM 2M bm BMi2`BQ`X lM 2t@ i`2K /Bp2`bB// /2 i2KT2`K2MiQb- +`+i2`2b- Q`ő;2M2b bQ+BH2b- 2/m++BQM2b- QTBMBQM2bKQ/Qb /2 pB/- ;mbiQb- `2+Q``2 2H 2bT2+i`Q /2 HQb KmiMi2be3d (RN3d- L9Ny)X LQ Q#biMi2/2i`€b /2 2b /Bp2`bB//- mM K2MbD2 +QKȹM 2K2`;2, KT`/Q 2M H dz;`M/2xǴ /2 +/ mMQ /2 2HHQb- mM b2MiBKB2MiQ /2 /2/B++BƦM- b+`B}+BQ- ;2M2`QbB// v HB#2`i/ MQb +QMKm2p2  bmb bm+2bQ`2b v MQb Q7`2+2 dzmM 7`miQ [m2 ?M H`;K2Mi2 K/m`/Q T` MQbQi`QbǴe33 (RN3d- L9Nk@L9Nj)X G +QKT2M2i`+BƦM +Q`/BH /2 Hb 2Mb2ƢMxb /2 HQb KmiMi2b Q7`2+2 mM iBb#Q /2 2bT2`Mx v /2 KQ` 2M HQb iB2KTQb /2H +ƦH2`X e3e

e3d

e33

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9e3

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

R8Xj

1D2KTHQ /2iHH/Q, bQK#`b /2 HQ +`2iBpQ

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_2KBiBKQb  wHK2- ƦTX+BiX- T` mM 2bim/BQ /2 Hb dzMiBMQKBb +`2iBpbǴ ĜbBim/b 2M H pB M2;@ iBp /2 HQ Qb+m`Q v HQ T2MmK#`QbQĜ 2M oHû`v- q`#m`; v 6HQ`2MbFBX G `B[m2x /2 2+Qb /2 H Q#` /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F +QM Hb 7Q`Kb M2;iBpb /2 H +mHim` b2`€ 2tTHQ`/ 2M Mm2bi`Q *TőimHQ R3 #DQX

R8X G *G16 .1a aPL:1a URN3d@RN33V

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9d8

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9de

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9d3

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939

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/2 K`Ǵ (RN3R)- H 7mM/B+BƦM /2 HQb ?B2HQb 2M H TbB[mBb (RN3d)- Hb i2KT2bi/2b (RN3d)X h`2b MBp2H2b /2H K` 2Mi`M 2M Dm2;Qdyd , UBV Hb +Q``B2Mi2b T`Q7mM/b- 2M 2H 7QM/Q /2H K`/QM/2 b2 TBH H b#B/m`ő- UBBV Hb QHb v Hb i2KT2bi/2b 2M H bmT2`}+B2- /QM/2 b2 ;Bi H +`2iBpB//- UBBBV 2H K` HBbQ /2bTmûb /2 Hb HHmpBb- /QM/2 iQ/Q /[mB2`2 /2 Mm2pQ bm Hm;`X J€b HH€ /2 2bib /B72`2M+Bb /2 KQ/Q- H ~mB/2x BMi2;`H /2 Hb ;mb 2b 2b2M+BH T` :`Qi?2M/B2+F- ~mB/2x [m2 `2bTQM/2  p2+2b UB- BBBV  7Q`Kb Mim`H2b /2 bmpB//- m Qi`b p2+2b UBBV  7Q`Kb Mim`H2b /2 `mTim`X bő- 2Mi`2 i`€MbBiQb UB- BBBV v Q#bi`m++BQM2b UBBV-  HQ H`;Q /2 Hb ~m+imMi2b iQMHB//2b /2H K`- b2 bBiȹ bm Q#`X G ++BƦM /2 Hb ;mb 2b 2bT2+BHK2Mi2 Ti2Mi2 2M HQb i`#DQb Ki2K€iB+Qb /QM/2 b2 /2p2HM HQb `[m2iBTQb KvQ`2bX 1M mM /Q#H2 T`Q+2bQ /2 `2+m#`BK2MiQ v /2 /2+Mi+BƦMHb ;mb bm#2M v #DM- +QKQ 2M HQb iB2KTQb /2 7Q`K+BƦM /2 H hB2``- ?bi /2D` 2K2`;2` Him`b v T2`bT2+iBpb /2b+QMQ+B/bX 1bi2 2b 2H +bQ /2 H bm}+B2M+B /2 BMv2+iBpQb 2M /2+m/b +i2;Q`őb #2HBMb (RN88@8e)- /2H ;`mTQ HB#`2 /2 ?+2b +Q?2`2Mi2b 2M H K@i2Q`ő (RN88@8d)- /2 H iQTQHQ;ő ûiH2 2M HQb iQTQb (RNey@eN)- /2H ;`mTQ 7mM/K2MiH H;2#`B+Q 2M H ;2QK2i`ő M#2HBM (RN3R) (RN39)- /2 HQb /2`Bp/Q`2b 2M 2H €H;2#` iQTQHƦ;B+ (RNNR)- +QMbi`m++BQM2b +QMb2;mB/b iQ/b ;`+Bb  KTHBQb `2+m#`BKB2MiQb 2M Hb +i2;Q`őb 2M +m2biBƦMX lM TQ2K /2 aBKQM2 q2BH- 1H K` URN9R@RN9kV- +QM/2Mb 2bi bBim+BƦM v H 2tiB2M/2 ?+B 2H HK ;`Qi?2M/B2+FBMdy3 , J` /Ʀ+BH H 7`2MQ- K` bQK2iB/Q 2M bBH2M+BQJ` /BbT2`bQ- /2 QHb 2M+/2M/b T` bB2KT`2Jb H +B2HQ Q7`2+B/- 2bT2DQ /2 Q#2/B2M+Bc S` i2D2` 2M ûH THB2;m2b Mm2pQb +/ MQ+?2 UXXXV UXXXV 1H H bmbT2M/B/ 2Mi`2 2H +B2HQ v 2H ;mX Gb QHb Qb+BHMi2b b2 }DM 2M H THMB+B2dyd dy3

Pi`Q T`i/Q 2bT2+BH K2`2+2 H +QKT`+BƦM +QM JQ#[email protected]+F UR38RV /2 >2`KM J2HpBHH2X o2` Mm2bi` a2++BƦM R3XR #DQX aX q2BHX SQ2KbX J/`B/, h`Qii- kyye- TX 9kX

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938

.QM/2 +/ ;Qi  bm p2x b+B2M/2 v /2b+B2M/2 UXXXV UXXXV J` pbiQ-  HQb KQ`iH2b /2b/B+?/Qb1KTmD/Qb  imb Q`BHHb v T2`/B/Qb 2M im /2bB2`iQaû T`QTB+BQX  [mB2M p  xQxQ#`` ?€#HH2 Mi2b /2 [m2 T2`2x+X 1Mi` ?bi 2H HK- Q? Mm2bi`Q ?2`KMQ 2H K`c .ő;Mi2  #Ƣ`H 2M imb ;mb /2 DmbiB+BX

*QMKm2p2 2bi2 TQ2K /2 aBKQM2 q2BH- H ?2`KM /2 M/`ûdyN - iM 7őM H 2bTő`Bim /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F v iM `KQMBQbK2Mi2 +QTH/Q +QM ûHX AKT+iM HQb +QMi`TmMiQb ĜK` bBH2M+BQbQ- QHb 2M+/2M/b- i2DB/Q /2 THB2;m2b- bmbT2MbQ 2Mi`2 +B2HQ v ;m- Qb+BH+BQM2b b@ +2M/2Mi2b v /2b+2M/2Mi2b- pbi2//- /2b/B+? v Tû`/B/- #ƢQ /2H HK- #QM// v DmbiB+BĜ v- 2M +B2`i K2/B/- T`2+2 +QKQ bB 2H 2bTő`Bim KBbKQ /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F b2 pB2` bmK2`;B/Q 2M 2H TQ2KX 1M 1H K` /2H LQ`i2 UR3kdV- >2BM`B+? >2BM2 /2b+`B#2 /Bp2`bQb iBK#`2b [m2 `2bQM`€M /2 7Q`K bBKBH` 2M *Qb2+?b v bB2K#`b (RN3j@3e) v 2M G HHp2 /2 HQb bm2ƢQb (RN3d), UV dzaQ#`2 H T€HB/ Q`BHH /2H K` K2 b2Miû bQƢ/Q` v bQHBi`BQ UXXXV J2 T`2+BƦ Qő` +m2MiQb /2 MiƢQ UXXXV +QM Mm2bi`Qb DƦp2M2b +Q`xQM2b i2MiQb v Mm2bi`Qb QDQb /2H iQ/Q #B2`iQb TQ` H +m`BQbB// UXXXVǴdRy c U#V dzUXXXV `2M KQpB#H2- QM/b /Bbm2Hib UXXXV ``M+`û 2H K€b HiQ TBMQ /2 HQb #Qb[m2b /2 LQ`m2;- v HQ ?mM/B`û 2M H #Q+ HHK2Mi2 /2H 1iMǴdRR c U+V dz:`M/2 2b 2H K` v ;`M/2 2b 2H +B2HQ- T2`Q K€b ;`M/2 2b KB +Q`xƦM- v K€b #2HHQ [m2 Hb T2`Hb v Hb 2bi`2HHb #`BHH KB KQ`ǴdRk c U/V dzG i2KT2bi/ ?+2 2bi`;Qb v xQi Hb dyN

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93e

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

QHb- v Hb QM/b- 2bTmK2M/Q /2 7m`Q`- b2 B``BiM v b2 2M+#`BiM- v b2 7Q`K mM #HM+ KQMiƢ Hő[mB/ UXXXV ĬP? K`25 K/`2 /2 H #2HH2x UXXXV ĬT2`/ƦMK25ǴdRj c U2V dz1H K` 2bi€ +HK/QX 1H bQH `2~2D bmb `vQb 2M 2H ;m- v bQ#`2 H bmT2`}+B2 QM/mH/ v THi2/ H Mp2 i`x bm`+Qb /2 2bK2`H/ǴdR9 c U7V dzu+2 2M 2H 7QM/Q /2H K`- bm2ƢQ BMb2MbiQ UXXXV u+2 HHő- #DQ Hb QM/b- /m`Mi2 iQ/ H 2i2`MB// UXXXVǴdR8 X Gb #2HHb BK€;2M2b /2 >2BM2 +Tim`M bő H;mMQb i2Kb ;`Qi?2M/B2+FBMQb TQ` 2t+2H2M+B, bQH2//- Dmp2Mim/TbBƦM- +m`BQbB//- T2M/mH`B//2b +Q`xƦMf`xƦM v pQH+€MfK`- i2KQ` v T2`/ƦM- #2HH2x v bmpBx+BƦM- bm2ƢQb 2 BM+QMb+B2Mi2 T`Q7mM/QX G +QMDmM+BƦM /2H pQH+€M v 2H K` b2 +QMbB;m2 +QM bmK }Mm` 2M G 7ȹM2#`2 ;ƦM/QH URNNeV- HQb TQ2Kb /2 hQKb h`Mbi`ƺK2` 2M ?QK2MD2  6`Mx GBbxiX HHő- dz2M 2H 2bT+BQmM 7m`BQbQ K` /2 7m2;Q f [m2 b2 pm2Hp2 +`B+B H i2``Bx`ǴdRe - +QMpQ+ mM 2HmbBp Hmx [m2 b2 #`2 TbQ bmp2K2Mi2 2M K2/BQ /2 H Qb+m`B//- T`Q#H2K€iB+ +2Mi`H /2 Gb Tm2`ib /2H mMBp2`bQ (RN3j@3e) v /2 G HHp2 /2 HQb bm2ƢQb (RN3d)X H 2b+`B#B`dRd 1bi MQ+?2 +mM/Q GBbxi iQ+ QT`BK2 ?bi 2H 7QM/Q 2H T2/H /2H K` T` [m2 H 7m2`x p2`/2 /2H K` i`pB2b2 2H bm2HQ v b2 +QM7mM/ +QM iQ/b Hb TB2/`b /2 H +bX Ĭ"m2Mb i`/2b- T`Q7mM/B// ?2`KQb5 G ;ƦM/QH T2b Hbi`/ +QM pB/ v 2b bBKTH2 v M2;`-

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93d

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Gb p2`iB2Mi2b dzbBKTH2bǴ /2H vBM v 2H vM; p2`i2#`M iQ/ H Q#` /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+FX 1H vBM- HQ 72K2MBMQ- +iȹ /2 /Qb KM2`b BM+BbBpb v +QKTH2K2Mi`Bb- iMiQ 2M HQ #DQ +QKQ 2M HQ HiQ, URV b2M+BHH2x Ĝ /2Mi`€M/Qb2 2M HQb T`Q#H2Kb KBbKQb v ++2/B2M/Q  Hb dz+Qbb bBKTH2b v p2`//2`bǴ (RN3d)- UkV bmpBx+BƦM Ĝ bmK2`;BûM/Qb2 2M +i2;Q`őb K€b KTHBb v /BbQHpB2M/Q Hb Q#bi`m++BQM2b /2H 2Mi2M/BKB2MiQ (RN3j@3e)X G b2M+BHH2x b2 2M+m2Mi` /2H H/Q /2H +Q`xƦM Ki2K€iB+Q- K2/BMi2 2H ++2bQ /B`2+iQ [m2 2H +Q`xƦM T`Qp22  Hb +Qbb /2 H `xƦM- KB2Mi`b [m2 H bmpBx+BƦM b2 bBiȹ +2`+ /2 H `xƦM +i2;Ʀ`B+/QM/2 HQb +m#`BKB2MiQb v Hb K`2b +iȹM  pQHmMi/X G b2M+BHH2x v H bmpBx+BƦM ?M `2+Q``B/Q iQ/ Mm2bi` KQMQ;`7ő, +QBM+B/2M+B TH€biB+ /2 T`Qv2+iBpB// 2 BMv2+iBpB// 2M HQb 2bT+BQb Mm+H2`2b (RN9N@8j)- /Q+BHB// 2M HQb T`Q/m+iQb i2MbQ`BH2b /2 2bT+BQb /2 "M+? (RN8j+)- bm}+B2M+B /2 BMv2+iBpQb 2M T`QTB/b +i2;Q`őb #2HBMb (RN88@8e)HB#2`i/ /2H ;`mTQ /2 H K@i2Q`ő (RN88@8d)- +Q?QKQHQ;ő ûiH2 [m2 2Mi`QM+  :HQBb v _B2KMM (RN83)- +QTH2b 2H€biB+Qb /2 HQb 2bT+BQb KQ/mHB 2M H iQ``2 /2 h2B+?KɃHH2` (RNeR)- 2M+`M+BQM2b /2 HQ HBbQ 2M H i2Q`ő /2 2b[m2Kb (RN8N@e9)- +QMiBMmB// HQ+H 2M Hb iQTQHQ;őb /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F (RNey@eN)- /2bT2D2 HBKTBQ /2 Hb +QMD2im`b 2bi€M/` (RNe3)- BMp2`bBQM2b iQTQHƦ;B+b /2 H ;2QK2i`ő M#2HBM (RN3R)- D2``[mBx+BƦM KQ/mH` /2 HQb iBTQb /2 ?QKQiQTő v Hb n@+i2;Q`őb (RN3j)- KB`/ BM7MiBH /2 HQb /B#mDQb /2 MBƢQb (RN39)- KQH/2#BHB// /2 H iQTQHQ;ő KQ/2`/ (RN39)- +m#`BKB2MiQ `KƦMB+Q mMBp2`bH /2 HQb /2`Bp/Q`2b (RNNR)X hQ/Q dzK` v KQpBKB2MiQǴ- 2H :`Qi?2M/B2+F vBM BM7mM/2 mM 2MQ`K2 pBiHB// 2 BM@ p2MiBpB// 2M bm Q#`X SQ` mM H/Q- URV H b2MbB#BHB// /2 Hb T2[m2Ƣb +Qbb b2 THT bBM +2b` 2M bmb 2b+`BiQb- /2HB+/K2Mi2 i2MiQb  Hb K€b MBKBb /B72`2M+Bb- +QM 2b2 KBHH` /2 /2}MB+BQM2b /QM/2 +KT2 H BMi2HB;2M+B /2 H /Bp2`bB//X SQ` Qi`Q H/Q- UkV H Tm`2x /2 Hb Hib +mK#`2b T2`K2 iQ/ bm 2b+`Bim`- bB2KT`2  H #ȹb[m2/ /2 T2`bT2+iBpb [m2

933

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

T2`KBiM /2bT2D` Hb #`mKb 2 BMi2;`` H pBbBƦMX lM ++2bQ #DQ  HQb URV iBTQb b2 +QM@ i`TQM2 /mHK2Mi2 +QM mM pBbHmK#`` HiQ /2b/2 HQb UkV `[m2iBTQbX G ?QM/m` bBM B;mH /2 H Ki2K€iB+ ;`Qi?2M/B2+FBM `2bB/2 T`2+BbK2Mi2 2M 2b2 b#2` i`MbBi` 2M KȹHiBTH2b MBp2H2bdR3 - /2b/2 HQ K€b +QM+`2iQ v +Qi/Q- ?bi HQ K€b #bi`+iQ v mMBp2`bHX aB T`i2 /2 2b2 b#2` M/` iB2M2 BKTQ`iMi2b +`+i2`őbiB+b vM;- HQ K2DQ` b2 Q#iB2M2 ;`+Bb  mM T2+mHB` +T+B// vBM /2 /2bHBx`b2 v ~mB` +QKQ Hb ;mbX 1M 272+iQ- Hb ;mb URV ?Q`/M 2M HQ K€b +QM+`2iQ Ĝ2b72` /2 _B2KMM (RN88)- 2bT+BQb KQ/mHB (RN3R)- /B#mDQb /2 MBƢQb (RN39)Ĝ v UkV /Bbm2Hp2M 2M HQ K€b #bi`+iQ ĜiQTQb ûiH2 (RNey@eN)- ;`mTQ 7mM@ /K2MiH H;2#`B+Q (RN39)- /2`Bp/Q`2b (RNNR)ĜX 1H /Q#H2 pB;Q` /2H vBM- 2M HQ b2M+BHHQ v 2M HQ bmp2- T2M2i` +QM bmK 2}++B 2M H T`€+iB+ Ki2K€iB+- bő +QKQ dzH 7m2`x p2`/2 /2H K`Ǵ- 2M 2H TQ2K /2 aBKQM2 q2BH- i`pB2b 2H bm2HQ v b2 +QM7mM/2 +QM iQ/b Hb TB2/`b /2 H +bX G /mHB// 2Mi`2 vBM v vM; 2t?B#2 2b i`p2bő /2 HQ bBKTH2  HQ +QKTH2DQ- /2 HQ K;K€iB+Q  HQ `[mBi2+iƦMB+Q- /2 HQb 7mM/K2MiQb  Hb TB2/`b /2 H +bX G TQi2M+B vM; b2 KMB}2bi 2bT2+BHK2Mi2 2M H /û+/ /2H A>1a- +QM Hb ;`M/2b +QMbi`m++BQM2b `[mBi2+iƦMB+b /2 2bQb ƢQb (RNeR)- (RN8N@e9)- (RNey@eN)X G KMB2` /2 Hb D2``[mőb v HQb MBp2H2b- 2Mi`2Hx/Qb 2M iQ``2b /2 /2}MB+BQM2b v i2Q`2Kb- `2+Q``2 HQb i`i/Qb 1: v a:, bm i`i/őbiB+ KBbK- BMi2MiM/Q 2M;HQ#` v /2b+QKTQM2` 2H iQ/Q- +Q``2bTQM/2  7m2`i2b +QMi`QH2b +Qi/Qb- T`QTBQb /2 b2++BQMKB2MiQb vM; #B2M /2}MB/QbX :`Qi?2M/B2+F `2+m2`/ 2M *Qb2+?b v bB2K#`b (RN3j@3e) bm /Q#H2 i`2 /2 `[mBi2+iQ v Q#`2`Q- /QM/2 +QK#BM pBbBƦM- 7mM/K2MiQb- KKTQbi2`ő- 2H#Q`+BƦM /2 TBbQb v +m`iQb /2H 2/B}+BQX 1b mM ûTQ+ 2M H [m2- +QM bmK 2M2`;ő v ;2M2`QbB//- b2 2Mi`2;  HQb /2K€b v TmMi  H dR3

1biQ MQb `2KBi2 H b#2` i`MbBi` /2 _B2KMM- +mM/Q BMi`Q/m+2 TQ` p2x T`BK2` bmb bmT2`}+B2b /2 _B2KMM 2M H h2bBb .Q+iQ`H UR38RV- v Hb /2b+`B#2- bBM tBQKb MB /2}MB+BQM2b- ;`+Bb  HQb +KBMQb [m2 Tm2/2M `2HBx`b2 2M HQb 2MiQ`MQb ?QHQKQ`7Qb /2 +/ ?QD- v 2M HQb 2MiQ`MQb K2`QKQ`7Qb 2Mi`2 bmb /BbiBMib ?QDb  i`pûb /2 HQb TmMiQb /2 `KB}++BƦMX 1M Km+?Qb Ki2K€iB+Qb- 2H b#2` M/` U/2b/2 HQb Tb2Qb /2 >BH#2`i v 2H HTBMBbKQ /2 >2`#`M/- ?bi HQb i`2+?Qb /2 wBH#2` Q /2 PMQV 2bi€ 2bi`2+?K2Mi2 HB;/Q H b#2` 2Mi2M/2`X

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/2H `M;Q /2 /2}MB+BƦM v THB++BƦM BMB+BH U2bT+BQ iQTQHƦ;B+QVX 1M 2H T`Q+2bQ /2 b+2MbQ dkk

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9N9

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9N8

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9Ne

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

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+tHBt

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9Nd

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9N3

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RdXk

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9NN

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8yy

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djR

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8yd

1H iQTQb /2 ?+2b bQ#`2 KQ/2HQb /2 E`BTF2 Uh>EV BMi2;` +QMbB/2`+BQM2b ?BbiƦ`B+b 2M 2H MBp2H UEV- 72MQK2MQHƦ;B+b 2M 2H MBp2H U>V v K2i7őbB+b 2M 2H MBp2H UhVX 1M T`BK2` Hm;`2H ?2+?Q /2 [m2 iQK2KQb mM KQ/2HQ /2 E`BTF2 BMimB+BQMBbi T` `2T`2b2Mi` 2H iB2KTQ /2b+`i bm HBM2HB// UTm2b p → q ∨ q → p MQ pH2 BMimB+BQMőbiB+K2Mi2V v T2`KBi2

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Pi`Qb `[m2iBTQb BMi2`K2/BQb 2K2`;2M H MBp2H U>V- +QM b2++BQM2b ;HQ#H2b 2M +/ ?x /2i2`KBM/Q 6AG@Jh Ui`xQb 2Mi2`Qb 2M HQb 2bT+BQb dzb2KB@HiQbǴ 6AGVX

8y3

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

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dj9

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8yN

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dj8

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8Ry

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

1H T`BK2` /B;`K Uh>E, RNk3@RN8jV Up2` 6B;m` RdXeV +m#`2 H h2bBb .Q+iQ`H (RN9N@8j) v 2H _ûbmKû (RN8j+),

6B;X RdXe Ĝ h>E ;`Qi?2M/B2+FBMQ, RNk3@RN8j

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8RR

1H b2;mM/Q /B;`K Uh>E, RN88@RN8dV Up2` 6B;m` RdXdV +m#`2 2H hƬ?QFm (RN88@8e) v 2H _B2KMM@_Q+?@:`Qi?2M/B2+F (RN88@8d),

6B;X RdXd Ĝ h>E ;`Qi?2M/B2+FBMQ, RN88@RN8d

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8Rk

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

1H i2`+2` /B;`K Uh>E, RN83@RNe9V Up2` 6B;m` RdX3V +m#`2 H *QM72`2M+B /2 1/BK#m`;Q (RN83)- HQb i`#DQb bQ#`2 p`B#H2 +QKTH2D (RNeR) v 1: (RN8N@e9),

6B;X RdX3 Ĝ h>E ;`Qi?2M/B2+FBMQ, RN83@RNe9

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8Rj

1H +m`iQ /B;`K Uh>E, RNey@RNdyV Up2` 6B;m` RdXNV +m#`2 a: (RNey@eN)- H BMimB+BƦM /2 HQb KQiBpQb v Hb +QMD2im`b 2bi€M/` (RNe3),

6B;X RdXN Ĝ h>E ;`Qi?2M/B2+FBMQ, RNey@RNdy

1H TMQ`K KmHiB/BK2MbBQMH H+Mx iQ/ bm TQi2M+B +QM HQb iQTQb v- 2M T`iB+mH`- 2H iQTQb ûiH2 /2 mM 2b[m2K (RNey@eN)X 1b H ûTQ+ /2 Hb Hib mMB}++BQM2b #bi`+ib [m2 /2b+2M/2`€M bQ#`2 Hb +QMD2im`b 2bi€M/` (RNe3) v Hb +QMD2im`b /2 q2BH- /2 HQb K`2b BMK2MbQb [m2 72+mM/M iQ/ H Q#`X GQb ?+2b +B7`M H mMB}++BƦM `[m2iőTB+ /2H 2bT+BQ@ MȹK2`Q- v Hb b2++BQM2b ;HQ#H2b /2 H /mHB// p`B+BƦM /Bb+`2i p2`bmb p`B+BƦM +QMiBMm 2KTB2xM  K`+` Hb p2`iB2Mi2b /2 H ;2QK2i`ő H;2#`B+ v /2H €H;2#` iQTQHƦ;B+X

8R9

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

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6B;X RdXRy Ĝ h>E ;`Qi?2M/B2+FBMQ, RN3R@RN39

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8R8

1H b2tiQ /B;`K Uh>E, RN3j@RNNRV Up2` 6B;m` RdXRRV +m#`2 HQb ai+Fb (RN3j)- HQb .2`Bp/Q`2b (RNNR) v 2H TH2MQ /2b``QHHQ /2 *Qb2+?b v bB2K#`b (RN3j@3e) v /2 H GHp2 /2 HQb bm2ƢQb (RN3d),

6B;X RdXRR Ĝ h>E ;`Qi?2M/B2+FBMQ, RN3j@RNNR

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8Re

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

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:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

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8je

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R3X 1Lh_J.Pa *lGhl_G1a

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8j3

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

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R3X 1Lh_J.Pa *lGhl_G1a

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89k

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89j

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899

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898

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89e

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R3X 1Lh_J.Pa *lGhl_G1a

89d

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R3X 1Lh_J.Pa *lGhl_G1a

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88y

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RNX 1G Gl:_ .1 :_Ph>1L.A1*E S_ 1G S1LaJA1LhP *PLh1JSP_L1P

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839

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ŐL.A*1 LGŐhA*P

kNy- jRN- jdR- jd9- jdd- 9ky- 98j- 9e8- 9ee-

j3k- jNy- 9Ry- 9k3- 9kN- 98y- 9d9- 9d8- 9dd-

8yk- 8kj

93y- 9NR- 9Nk- 9N8- 8y8Ĝ8y3- 8Rj- 893- 88j-

7mMiQ`BHBx+BƦM- RRN- RkRĜRkj- Rk8- Rkd- Rk3- RjdĜRjN-

8ek- 8ed- 8dRĜ8dj- 8d3

R9R- Rd3- RN3- kyj- kye- kRy- kRR- kRe- kke-

?BTƦi2bBb /2 _B2KMM- RRR- k9k- ke8- kdy- 9yk- 9ky- 8y9

kkd- kkN- k8e- keN- kdR- kdj- kNk- kNe- jkR-

?QKQHQ;ő- 3NĜNR- Nj- Ryj- Ry8- Ryd- Ry3- RRy- RRj- RR9-

jkk- je3Ĝjdk- jde- jd3- j39- j38- 9e8- 93N-

RkR- Rjj- Rje- R8k- R89- Rek- Rdk- kR8- kkd-

9NR- 9N8- 9Ne- 8yy- 89k- 89j- 8de- 83y

k9y- k9k- k9j- kNj- kNN- jyd- jR9- jRd- jky-

7Ʀ`KmH /2 G27b+?2ix- R8R- R89- R8d- Ree- Rdy- RdR- kR9-

jkR- jke- jkN- jee- jeNĜjdR- jdj- jde- jd3-

kky- kk8- kj9- kjeĜkj3- k89- k88- k83- key-

j3R- j3k- j39- jNj- 9Re- 9k9- 9ke- 9k3- 9d9-

keR- kej- kdy

9dd- 93k- 93N- 9Nk- 9N8- 9Nd- 9N3- 8kR- 8j98j3- 89k- 89j- 8dj- 8d3

;2M2`/Q`2b- Nj- N8- Nd- RyjĜRy8- RyN- RRRĜRRe- R3k- kkdkjj- k98- k9e- k93- k8e- k8N- kdy ;`mTQ /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F@h2B+?KɃHH2`- kjk- k9j- kdk- k3ekNd- kN3- jyR- jkd- j9e- j8e- 93k- 8R9- 8kR8j3- 89R- 89d- 893- 88j ;`mTQ 7mM/K2MiH H;2#`B+Q- kRN- kk9- kk8- kk3Ĝkjj- kj8- kj3- k3d-

?QKQiQTő- Ryd- RRy- RR9- Rk9- Rjj- Rdk- R3R- RNk- kR8kk8- kjR- k9R- k9j- k98- k8d- ke8- kee- keNkdj- kNj- kNe- kNNĜjyR- jyd- jyN- jRRĜjkNjjR- jjk- jje- j9R- j9e- j8e- jeeĜjdy- jdjjd9- jdeĜjd3- j3RĜj39- jN8- 9ye- 9RR- 9kN9dd- 93y- 93k- 93d- 93N- 9N8- 9Nd- 8yR- 8R88kR- 8j3- 88y- 8ed

kNy- kNk- kNj- kN8- kNe- kN3ĜjyR- jyd- jRjjRd- jk9- jj3- j9e- j8N- 9Rj- 9kN- 933- 9N88R9- 8e3

BK;BM+BƦM- 3R- 3d- Re3- RdR- RNk- kej- jyk- jy9- j99-

KQiőpB+Q- k8d- ke8- kdR- kdk- jN8- 9yk- 9ye

j98- je9- j38- j3N- jN9- jNN- 9Rj- 9kR- 9k9-

iQTQHƦ;B+Q- kk3- kjk- kjj- kj3- k93- kNj- kNe- jyy-

9ke- 9k3- 9kN- 999- 993Ĝ98y- 9ek- 9ed- 9d8-

jyR- jy9- jje- jjd- j9e- j89- j8d- jd9- jde-

9dd- 8R3- 8kR- 8kj- 8k3- 8jj- 89R- 89d- 888-

jdd

88e- 88N- 8e8 BM7MiBH- Rdy- k9y- k8j- kNR- jkk- j8R- j88- j83- jey- jeR9yR- 9yd- 9Ry- 9RR- 9Rd- 9R3- 9k3- 99y- 999-

?+2b +Q?2`2Mi2b- RyN- RkkĜRkN- Rj9- Rj8- RjN- R9R- R9k-

989- 9dN- 93d- 8jR- 8ej- 8e3

R8y- R8R- R8j- R8eĜR83- ReyĜRek- Re3- R3k-

BMi2`MQf2ti2`MQ- 99- 8R- Ryk- Ryj- RyN- Rk8- R9N- RdR-

R38- R3d- R33- RNy- RN3- RNN- kyR- ky9- kRR-

R3y- kRd- kjy- k9k- k99- k9dĜk9N- k8d- kdk-

kk9- kkN- kjk- kj9- kj3- 939- 93N- 9Nk- 9N8-

99k- 989- 988- 9e8- 9N8- 8yy- 8y9- 8yd- 8yN-

8kk- 8ej

8Rk- 893- 8ey- 8ee- 8dR- 8d3

MQ b2T`/Qb- 3N- NR- Rjd- ky9- kRy- kRk- kR8

BMp2M+BƦM- jR- jk- 8d- e3- 3d- Ry9- Ryd- Ry3- RRy- RRR-

bQ#`2 mM bBiBQ- kk8Ĝkkd- k9yĜk9N- jyN- jRR- jRk-

Rjd- Red- Rd9- R3k- R3j- RN8- kyk- kR9- kky-

jR9- jRN- jkk- jke- jkd- 9y8- 9ky- 9Nj- 8y9

k33- k3N- kN9- jyj- jy8- jye- jy3- jRN- jkN-

iQTQHƦ;B+Qb- jj- 8k- ed- 3R- 3NĜNR- N9ĜNd- Ry9-

j99- j88- je8- jdN- jNR- jNk- jN8- jNN- 9yy-

RydĜRRy- RRj- R8R- R8k- R88- R8e- R8N- Rek-

9yN- 9R9- 9R3- 9RN- 9kR- 9k8- 9kdĜ9kN- 9j3-

Rej- Ree- ReN- RdR- Rd3- RdN- R3j- RNy- RNk-

99j- 99e- 9ee- 9e3- 93y- 93k- 93d- 9N8- 9N3-

RNN- kyj- kyd- kRd- kkR- kke- kj9- kjd- kjN-

8yy- 8kN- 89R- 899- 88R- 88N- 8ee- 8d8- 8de-

k9R- k99Ĝk9e- k93- jy8- jRk- jeN- jdk- j3y-

8dN- 83y

eR9

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

BMp2`bBƦM- jN- 8d- e9- d9- 38- N3- Rj3- R9j- RNy- RNR- kyj-

8y8- 8ydĜ8yN- 8RRĜ8R9- 8Re- 8k9- 8jy- 8jk-

kR9- keR- kej- ked- j98- j8N- jey- je3- jdj-

8j8- 89RĜ89j- 893Ĝ88y- 88k- 88N- 8dR- 8d9-

jdN- j3R- 9yN- 9R9- 9RN- 9kkĜ9k8- 9k3- 9kN9jN- 99k- 9ee- 9eN- 9dN- 93d- 9N9- 9Nd- 8y3-

8ddĜ8dN HQ+HBx/Q`2b- jdjĜjde- jd3- jdN- j3k- j3j- j38- 8R8- 8kR-

8Ry- 8R3- 8k8Ĝ8kd- 8jy- 8j9- 89y- 898- 89N88k- 889- 8eR- 8e3- 8de- 8d3- 8dN- 83R BMv2+iBpB//

8ed HőKBi2b +i2;Ʀ`B+Qb- e9- Ryj- Ry8- RRd- R3k- R3j- R3d- RNj-

BMv2+iBpB// `[m2iőTB+- 8d- ee- 3y- 3e- N9- NN- Ryk-

RNN- kyk- ky9- kyN- kRj- kRe- kk8- kke-

Ry9- Ry3- RRd- RkjĜRk8- RkN- Rjy- Rje- RjN-

kkNĜkjR- kj9- k98- k9e- k93- jej- jdd- jd3-

R9y- Rek- kyk- jR9- jke- jk3- 9jN- 99N- 98y93d- 8yN- 8k9- 8ek- 8de

j3y- j3R- 9ky- 8ed BM/m+iBpQb- kN- j9Ĝje- jN- 98- Nk- Nj- N8- Ne- Ryk-

MQ`K BMv2+iBp- 8d- 8NĜeR- e9- e8- edĜeN- dR- dk3y- 3R- RRd Q#D2iQb BMv2+iBpQb 2M +i2;Q`őb #2HBMb- 98- 3y-

Ryj- Ry8- RRe- kke- kje- k8e- keN- jdj HƦ;B+ BMimB+BQMBbi- RkN- kRk- k99- k9d- k93- ked- 9ee- 8ye-

3d- NR- NjĜNe- Ryk- Ry9- Ry8- RydĜRRd- R3k- jRk

8yd- 8kj- 89k- 8d3

T`Q/m+iQ i2MbQ`BH BMv2+iBpQ- j8- j3- jN- 9N- 89Ĝ8e3y

K`- 9e- 9d- 8k- dj- 38- RRR- Rek- Red- RdR- Rd8- R33- RNj-

bm}+B2M+B /2 BMv2+iBpQb 2M +i2;Q`őb #2HBMb-

RNe- kyk- ky3- kRR- kR9- kkj- kjN- k9k- keR-

3d- NR- NjĜNe- Ry9- Ry8- RydĜRyN- RRR-

ke8- k38- k3N- kNj- kN3- jyk- jy8- jkk- jkj-

RR9ĜRRd- k98- keN- 939- 93d- 9N8- 8yy- 89N

jk3- jjy- jjk- j88- jd3- j3y- j38- j3e- jNN9yy- 9y8- 9yd- 9Ry- 9RkĜ9R9- 9ky- 9kk- 9k8-

D2``[mBx+BƦM- e9- 3y- N3- RyN- RRy- RRd- Rj8- Rdd- R3d-

9kd- 99j- 998- 99N- 98y- 989- 9ek- 9ee- 9ed-

RNR- RNN- kyy- kyd- ky3- kRR- jRN- jkR-

9dy- 9dd- 93y- 93R- 93jĜ933- 8yRĜ8y9- 8Ry-

jkjĜjk8- jk3- j93- 9y3- 99N- 93y- 93d- 933-

8Rj- 8kk- 8ke- 8kN- 8jy- 8jk- 8jd- 89y-

9N8- 8R3- 8jR- 89y- 89R- 8d8- 8d3- 83y E@i2Q`ő- RRNĜRkR- Rk8ĜRk3- RjR- Rj9ĜRje- R9RĜR99- R3kkkj- k9y- k9k- jN8- 9Ry- 9RN- 9kN- 99y- 9e893y- 939- 93d- 9Nk- 9N8- 9N3- 8RR- 8jR- 8j989e- 89N- 88N

898Ĝ89d- 88y- 88eĜ8ek- 8eN- 8d9- 8dd K`;2M- RjN- Rd9- Rd8- k3y- kNk- jyk- jy9- j3N- 99e- 888883- 8d8 KBtiQb HmiKMBMQb- Rj9- RjN- RNy- kjy- k83- kNj- jkjjjR- jdR- jdd- j3k- 9y3- 9ky- 8R3- 8d8 JQ#[email protected]+F- 9e- R9N- kR8- key- ke8- k38- jRN- j88- jd3-

H2K /2 wQ`M- Nj- Ry8- Rye- RR9ĜRRe

j3y- j3j- jNk- jN9- 9RR- 9kd- 9kN- 9j3- 99N-

HQ+H U€H;2#` /2 >2viBM; +QKTH2iV- Ryk

9eN- 939- 8RR- 8RN- 8kR- 8kN- 89d- 88y- 8d98dd- 83y

HQ+Hf;HQ#H- jj- ed- de- 3e- NR- Ne- Nd- NN- Ry8- Ry3- RRRRR9- RR8- RRd- Rk8- Rj9- Rjd- Rj3- R9R- R9j-

KQ`}bKQ /2 6`Q#2MBmb- k89- k8N- kdy- kdR

R8yĜR8j- R8d- R8NĜRek- Ree- Re3- ReN-

KQ`}bKQb

RddĜR3y- R3j- R3d- RNR- RNN- kk9- kk8- kje-

2TBKQ`}bKQ- NR- N3- NN- RyR- Ryk

kj3- k88- kek- keN- kdR- k38- kNk- jyR- jRe-

;2QKûi`B+Q- kk8- kkd- kj8- k9N

jk3- jjk- j9N- j8R- j88- j83- jej- jeeĜjdy-

;2QKûi`B+Qb- kNy- kNk- kNj- kNe

jdkĜjd9- jde- jdd- j3j- j39- 9Rk- 99d- 98y-

HBbQ- kyR- kyk- kyeĜky3- kRd- kjy- kje- jk8- jedĜjeN-

9e9- 9e8- 9d9- 93y- 9NRĜ9N9- 9NeĜ9N3- 8yk-

jdk- j38

eR8

ŐL.A*1 LGŐhA*P

KQMQKQ`}bKQ- NR- Nk- N3- NN- RyR- Ryk- Ry8

Q#bi`m++BQM2b- jk- jj- j8- 9j- 89- 88- ey- ek- 3j- N9- Ne-

THMQ- RN3- kyy- kyR- kyd- ky3

Ryd- RRR- Rk9- Rjj- R9k- R9j- R8R- R89- R88-

T`QTBQ- R8k- Rey- ReR- Rej- Re9- Red- Re3- Rdk- RNN-

Rek- Re9- RdN- R3y- R3j- R3e- RNk- kyy- kRykRR- kj9- kje- kjd- ke3- k33- jR3- jjy- jjR-

kyN- kjy- kjk- kje- jk9- jk8- jedĜjeN- jdk- j38 bBKTH2- Rdd- R3y- R39- R33

j9e- j9N- jd3- j3R- j3k- j38- jNj- 9yR- 9kR-

bTHBi 2TB- NN

99d- 98k- 9ee- 93y- 939- 93d- 9NR- 9Ne- 8yk-

bTHBi KQMQ- NN

8y9- 8yd- 893- 88y- 8ek- 8e9- 8d8

ûiH2- RN8- kyR- kye- ky3- kRy- kRj- kR9- kRd- kkdkjjĜkj8- kj3- k9k- k9N

QT2`/Q`2b /2 6`2/?QHK- jk- jd- jN- 9j- 93- 8R- 88- R9j

KQiBpQb- 9N- Rky- Rkd- Red- ReN- kkk- kj3- k9k- k8RĜk8NkekĜkdj- k39- kNN- jj8- j9k- j9j- jdy- j3k-

T2`KM2M+Bfp`B+BƦM- 9j- 8N- ej- e9- e3- dd- dNĜ3R- 3j-

9y8Ĝ9yd- 9R8- 9R3- 9RN- 99y- 9e8- 9d9- 93y-

39- Nk- NN- Ryj- Rye- RR8- RkjĜRke- R9j- R8k-

9N9- 8yR- 8Rj- 8kR- 8k9- 8jd- 8j3- 899- 89e-

R8j- R8e- Rej- Re9- Rdd- Rd3- R3y- R33- R3N-

88y- 88j- 888- 8ej- 8e3- 8dk- 8d3- 83y- 83R

RNk- RNj- kykĜky9- kjj- k9y- k88- k8e- kej-

KmbB+HB//- j8- ed- e3- dj- 3y- 3R- Ryy- R8d- Rek- Red-

ke9- kdR- k3e- kNR- kNN- jy3- jRe- jky- jk8-

R3e- kee- k3j- jjR- jNR- 9Ry- 9R9- 9jR- 9je-

jke- jjy- jjR- jje- j93- j8R- j8k- j89Ĝj8e-

989- 98N- 9N9- 8ReĜ8R3- 8jR- 8jj- 8j8Ĝ899-

j8N- jdyĜjdk- jd3- j3R- j39- 9d9- 9d8- 93y-

88y- 8e9- 8eN- 83y

9NkĜ9N9- 8yR- 8yN- 8Rj- 8R9- 8kk- 8k8- 8j98j8- 8jd- 89N- 88N- 8ek- 8e3- 8d3

Mim`HB//- 9k- 9j- 98- 9d- 8R- 88- 8NĜek- ee- dy- dk- dj3y- 3R- 3j- 39- 3d- 3N- Nk- N9- Ne- N3- Ryy- RyR-

THB2;m2f/2bTHB2;m2 ûiH2- jj- 8y- 8k- 89- d9- 3N- R99- R9d- R8R- R88- R8e-

Ry8- Rye- Ry3- RRj- RRe- RRd- Rke- Rk3- Rjy-

ReeĜRdk- R3RĜR3j- RN8- kye- ky3- kRy- kRj-

RjR- Rjj- Rj8- Rje- R9y- R9N- R8R- R8k- R89-

kR9- kRd- kRN- kkR- kjj- kjN- k9R- k9d- k9N-

R88- R83- R8N- ReR- Rek- Rdy- RdR- Rd9- Rd8-

k8k- kej- ke3- k3e- kNRĜkNj- kNN- jyy- jy8-

RdN- R3j- R38- R3d- RNR- RNk- kyR- kyk-

jRR- jR8- jR3- jkd- jje- j9j- j8j- j8N- je8-

ky8Ĝkyd- kRy- kRj- kRe- kk9- kk3- kjk-

j3k- jNR- jN8- 9y8- 9R8- 9Re- 9ky- 9dd- 9dN-

kj9Ĝkje- k9k- k99- k98- k9d- k8y- k8k- k8N-

93y- 93j- 939- 93d- 933- 9N9- 8ykĜ8y9- 8Rk-

kekĜke8- ked- keN- kdk- k3k- kNy- kNk- kN9kNe- jRy- jRR- jR8- jRdĜjRN- jkj- jk9- jke-

8Rj- 8jd- 893- 89N- 8d8 ûiHû- jj- 8k- d9- N9- Ry3- R3R- k9d- kNN- jy8- jN8-

jkd- j98- j9e- j93- j9N- j8j- j89- j8e- je8-

9kN- 999- 9ey- 9dN- 93y- 9Nj- 9N9- 8yN- 899-

jdR- j3k- jN9- jNN- 9yy- 9ye- 9yd- 9Ry- 9Rk-

893- 8d8

9R8- 9kj- 9jR- 9jk- 99y- 99e- 98R- 98d- 98N-

TQHB2/`QbfTQHő;QMQb Ui2i`2/`Q- B+Qb2/`Q- Q+i2/`Q-

9ej- 9e8- 9ee- 9e3- 9dd- 939- 9NR- 9Nk- 9N9-

2i+XV- kdN- jRd- jjN- j9R- j9j- j9e- j9d- j89-

9N3- 8yyĜ8y9- 8yd- 8Ry- 8Rd- 8kj- 8k8- 8kd-

jNj- jN8- 9kj- 9k9- 9ke- 9k3- 9kN

8kN- 8je- 8j3- 89R- 89k- 899- 898- 893Ĝ88y-

T`2?+2b- N9- Ne- Ry3- kRk- kRe- kk8Ĝkkd- k99- k98- k93-

88N- 8ek- 8ej- 8e8- 8eN- 8de MBHTQi2Mi2b- R8k- R8j- ReR- Re9- Re8- Re3- Rd3- RdNR3jĜR38- R3d- R3N- RNk- RN8- kyyĜkykky8Ĝkyd- kRyĜkRk- kR8ĜkRd- kk3- jk9 Mȹ+H2Qb- Nk- RyR- Rye- RyN- RRR- R9j- kRd

kNy- jkk- jed- jdy- jde- jd3- j3R- j3j- 9ky98y- 98j- 9e8- 8kj- 89j T`Q/m+iQ +i2;Ʀ`B+Q- NRĜNj- NN- Ryy- Ryk- Ryj- Ry8- RRyRRk- RR8ĜRRd- R8N- RN3- kyk- ky9- kjj- keRkeN- j38

eRe

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

T`Q/m+iQ i2MbQ`BH

iQTQHƦ;B+Qb- Nd- Ryd- Ry3- RRk- RjdĜRjN- R8R- R88-

H;2#`B+Q- jy- jd- Rk8- Rk3- R8k- Rey- RNj- keN- kdy

RdR- Rdk- Rdd- R3R- R38- R3e- R33- RNR- RNk-

iQTQHƦ;B+Q- k3Ĝjk- jd- j3- 9y- 99Ĝ9e- 93- 9N- 8R- 8j-

kyR- kRR- kk3- kkN- kjR- kjjĜkj8- kjd- k9kk99- k93- jje- jj3- j8d- jey

89- 8N- e9- 39- RRd- R3k T`Qv2+iBpB// HőKBi2b T`Qv2+iBpQb 2M +i2;Q`őb- j8- Nk- Nj- R3j-

`2+m`bBƦM i`Mb}MBi- 98- Ry8- Rye- RR9- RRe- RRd `2HiBpBx+BƦM- Rye- RRj- RkkĜRk9- Rjy- RjR- Rj8- Rjd- R83-

kk8- kke- kkNĜkjR- kj9- k98- k9e- k3d- je3-

Rey- Re9- Re3- ReN- Rdk- Rdd- R39- R38- R3N-

jeN- jdj

RNN- kyy- kyj- kyd- kRk- kR8- kje- k9y- k99k9N- ked- kdR- jy8- jRR- jRj- jRN- j8k- jed-

MQ`K T`Qv2+iBp- 8d- 8NĜeR- e9- e8- edĜeN- dR- dk-

jdyĜjdk- j3y- j39- j38- 9y3- 99k- 9NRĜ9N3-

dd- 3y- RRd- R3k

8yk- 8ye- 8d8- 8de- 8d3

T`Q/m+iQ i2MbQ`BH T`Qv2+iBpQ- kN- j8- jdĜjN- 98- 9e9N- 8jĜ8e- ee T`Qv2+iBpB// `[m2iőTB+- 8d- ee- eN- 3y- 3R- 3e- NNRyk- Ry9- RRd- Rk9- Rk8- RkN- Rjy- Rjj- RjeRjN- R99- ReyĜRej- Rd3- RdN- R3k- R38- R3d-

`2iő+mHQ /2 MQ`Kb- 8d- ey- e8- e3- dy- dR- dj- d9- 3R- 3k- 3938- RyR /2 bm#Q#D2iQb- Nk- RyR- Ryk

R33- RNN- kyd- ky3- kjk- kje- k98- k93- k83keyĜkek- ke8- kee- kdR- jyk- jR9- jke- jk3-

bőK#QHQb /2 >BH#2`i Uτ - ϵV- Nk- Nj- NN

jjR- jdy- 9jR- 99y- 99k- 999- 99N- 98y- 9ey-

b2KBfbm#@MHBiB+B//- j9N- j8R- j8k

9e8- 9dy- 93d- 9Nk- 8y9- 8yd- 8yN- 8Ry- 8Re-

bB;MQb- jN- ej- ed- e3- dk- dN- 3R- RRy- R9j- kNk- jy8- jRy-

8k9- 89N- 8ek- 8ej- 8dR- 8d8- 8de TmMiQ ;2QKûi`B+Q- kkN- kjR- kjk- kj8- kje- k9k- k9e- k93kNy- kNk- kNj- kNe- 8R3- 89j- 8eR

jRd- jN9- 98R- 98N- 9N3- 9NN- 8yN- 8kd- 8d3 bBKTHB+B//- 93- 8y- 8k- 8N- ek- 3k- NR- Ry8- Rye- RRR- RR8Rky- Rk3- Rjy- Rj3- R9R- R9j- R8R- R8j- R8dRe9- Re8- Rdk- Rd3- RdN- R38- kk8- kkN- k99-

`KB}++BƦMfMQ `KB}++BƦM- R8R- R88- R8e- Re3- RdR-

k8j- ke8- keN- k33- jyk- jRj- jR8- jky- j9y-

Rdk- RdN- kyR- kyeĜky3- kRy- kRj- kRd- kkN-

j98- j9e- j8k- j8j- j88- j83- jey- jeR- jNy-

kjj- k9k- kNN- jyk- j8d- j83- jey- jd9- j3R-

jNR- jN3- 9yj- 9Ry- 9Rk- 9Rj- 9k9- 9k8- 9k3-

jNj- 9y3- 9R9- 9kd- 9kN- 999- 98j- 9ek- 9e3-

99j- 99e- 98R- 988- 983- 9dy- 93eĜ933- 9Nj-

9dN- 933- 8ye- 8R3- 8kj- 8k9- 899- 8d8- 83y `xƦMf+Q`xƦM- jj- 9d- 8y- NN- RRd- ReR- Re8- Rd8- RNykk8- kk3- k8j- k8eĜk83- kej- kee- jkN- jjyj88- j8e- jdd- jNR- jN8- 9ye- 9RR- 9Rk- 9R8-

8yy- 8y9- 8yN- 8Rk- 8Re- 8je- 89N- 88R- 8de bBiBQ- RRR- R93- R9N- ReN- Rdy- R3N- kyk- kk8Ĝkkd- kj8k9jĜk9N- j3R- 9R8- 9ky- 98y- 9Nj- 8d3 bi+Fb- Rye- RRy- kR8- k9j- k9N- k3d- kNN- jy3- jyN-

9kR- 9ke- 9kd- 9kN- 9jR- 9jjĜ9j3- 99RĜ99j-

jRRĜjRe- jR3ĜjkR- jk8ĜjkN- jjR- jjk- jje-

99d- 98N- 9ey- 9e8- 9dy- 9d9- 9de- 9dd- 9dN-

j9e- j89- je9- j3yĜj3j- j33- j3N- 9RR- 9R3-

938Ĝ93d- 93N- 8yy- 8kk- 8k9- 8jy- 8jd- 89R-

9d9- 9dd- 9N8- 9N3- 8j3- 88j- 888- 8ed- 8dj-

898- 88k- 88e- 8ek- 8ej- 8e8- 8d8- 8d3- 83y `2+m#`BKB2MiQb ;HQBbBMQb- Nd- Rdk- kkN- k3d- k33- kNy- kNk- kN8kNd- jjN ;2Mû`B+Qb- kRj- kR8- 939- 8R3- 8kk- 8j8- 89R- 88k8ey- 8ed

8d3- 83R bmpBx+BƦM- jyĜjk- jd- 9y- 9R- 9j- 9dĜ8R- 88- 8e- ey- eke8- ed- dj- dN- 39- 38- 3N- NR- Nj- Ry8- RyeRRR- Rkd- Rk3- RjR- Rj8- R9y- R9k- R9d- R8RR8k- R89ĜR83- ReRĜRej- Re8- Red- Re3- RdRR3jĜR38- R3d- R33- RNk- RN3- kyyĜkyk-

eRd

ŐL.A*1 LGŐhA*P

ky9ĜkRR- kRjĜkRd- kk9- kje- kjd- k9k- k99-

R8RĜR8j- R8d- Rey- Re9- Re3- Rd9- Rd8- RdN-

k9d- keR- kdR- k3y- k3k- kNk- kNeĜkNN- jyk-

R3d- RNy- kky- kkj- kk8- kke- kjk- k9y- k9k-

jRy- jR9- jk9- jjy- j99- j9eĜj93- j89Ĝj8e-

jN8- 9yk- 9Ry- 9Rj- 9Re- 9d9- 9dd- 93j- 9N3-

je3- jdy- jdk- jd8- jd3- j3R- j3k- j38- j3e-

8yk- 8RR- 8jR

jNR- jN9- jNd- 9yj- 9Rj- 9R3- 9kR- 9kd- 99d-

/2H ;`7Q +2``/Q- 98- 93

9e8Ĝ9ed- 9eN- 9dj- 9dNĜ93R- 939- 93eĜ93N-

/2H őM/B+2- Rkd- Rj9- R9R- R9j- R99

9N8- 9Ne- 8ykĜ8y9- 8yN- 8Ry- 8Re- 8kd- 8j88jd- 8j3- 89e- 893Ĝ88y- 88e- 88N- 8ey8ekĜ8e9- 8d8Ĝ8dd- 83y

iQTQHQ;ő /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F- RRj- Rj3- R99- Ree- ReN- kRy- kR9kk9Ĝkkd- kj9Ĝkje- k9kĜk9N- kdj- jR8- jR3-

bm#Q#D2iQb- 3d- NR- Nk- N9- NN- RyRĜRye- RRR- RR8- RRe-

jkR- jk8- jkd- jk3- j3R- 9dN- 939- 93d- 9Nj-

kke- k9j- 9ky bm+2bBQM2b 2bT2+i`H2b- NR- N9- Ne- Nd- Ry3- RRy- RRk- Rejkj9- k9R- k8y bm+2bBQM2b 2t+ib- Nk- Nj- N8- Rye- Ryd- Rje- RjN- RNjkyk- kyd- kNj- kN8- kN3

8y3- 8kk- 89kĜ899- 88k- 8ed /2 w`BbFB- Ne- RyN- R8R- R88- R8N- kyj- ky8- kR9kkR- kkd- kje- k99- k9N KQ/2`/- RdR- R3N- k9d- kNN- jRy- jRk- jR9- jkjjjj- jjNĜj9R- j9j- j99- j93Ĝj8e- j3k- j3N-

bm2ƢQ- kRj- kjd- k8R- k8d- k83- kek- ke9Ĝkee- k39- kNjjjN- j9y- j8k- j8j- jeR- je8- j3N- jNN- 9yR9yk- 9RR- 9Rk- 9k9- 9ke- 9jRĜ99R- 99j- 99d989- 9ejĜ9e8- 9ed- 9eN- 9dy- 93e- 8y3- 8k88jy- 8jk- 8je- 8jd- 883- 8ej- 8e8 bmK#BHB//- kN- 9j- 99- 88 bmKb /B`2+ib- j8- NR- Nk- N9- Ryy- Ryk- RRy- RRe bmKKmK #QMmK T2B`+2MQ- R9j- 98j- 9N9- 88k bmT2`}+B2b /2 _B2KMM- 98- 8k- Nk- RyR- Ryd- RRN- Rk8Rjj- Rey- Re3- Rdj- Rde- RdN- RNj- ky8- kk3k9y- k9j- kNe- kNd- jyk- jkd- jjj- j89- j8ej83- 9dd- 933- 9N3- 8yj- 8R3- 899- 8eR- 8e88d8 bmT2`}+B2b iQTQHƦ;B+b- k3j- k3d- kN8ĜkNd- kNN- jjj- jjdj9R- j9k- j98- j89- j8eĜj83- 8R9- 8ed- 8d3

93y- 93d- 893 ûiH2- 8yj iQTQb `BiKûiB+Q- RRR- k9k- ke8- 9ky- 8y9 /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F- 3N- N3- RyR- Rye- RyNĜRRR- RjjRj3- R99- R9d- R93- R8y- R8e- Ree- RedReNĜRdR- R3R- R3N- RN8- kRy- kRj- kRNĜkkRkkjĜkk3- kjR- kj8- kj3Ĝk9N- k8R- k8k- k83kej- kdk- k3eĜk33- kNy- kNR- kN8ĜkNd- jyNjRRĜjR8- jR3Ĝjky- jkd- jjN- j9y- j93- j8jjej- jed- jeN- jdy- jd3- j3y- jNy- jNR- jN8jNN- 9ye- 9y3- 9R8- 9RN- 9ky- 9kN- 99y- 98y98j- 9e9- 9e8- 9d9- 9dd- 93y- 939- 9Nj- 9N99Ne- 9Nd- 8yR- 8yk- 8y9- 8yeĜ8yN- 8Rk- 8Rj8kR- 8kj- 8j3- 89RĜ899- 89e- 893- 88y- 88j888- 88N- 8ek- 8ej- 8e3- 8dR- 8dk- 8d8- 8de-

i2Q`2K /2 "2HvB- kN3- jyk- jj3- j8e- j83- jey /2 .pQ`2ixFv@_Q;2`b- 88 /2 62`Ki- k33- kN8- j9j- 9Rj /2 :B`m/- kkd- k9k- k9eĜk93

8d3Ĝ83R 2H2K2MiH UGrp2`2V- Ryk- RyN- RRd- Rjj- kRk- k99k9d- 9ee- 8dk ûiH2- R9d- Rdy- kRy- kR9- kkd- kj8- kje- k9j- k99-

/2 EFmiMB- ee

k9N- k3e- jy8- jje- j9j- j8j- j8N- jNR- 9ky-

/2 E`mHH- kRe

9dd- 93y- 933- 8y9- 8Rj

/2 _B2KMM@_Q+?- jR- 9y- 3y- N8- Nd- RyR- RRRRRNĜRkd- RkNĜRjj- Rj8- RjNĜR9R- R9j- R93-

iQ``2 /2 h2B+?KɃHH2`- RRy- R99- Rdj- Rd8- RdN- R3R- R39R3N- RNy- k8j- k3e- k3N- kN8- kNd- jyR- jj9-

eR3

:`Qi?2M/B2+FX lM ;mŌ  H Q#` Ki2K{iB+ v 7BHQbƠ7B+

jjd- jj3- j9y- j9j- j99- j9e- j9d- j8j- j89-

jdj- jde- jd3- j3R- j38- jN9- jN8- 9Rj- 9R9-

j8e- jey- 9dd- 93y- 93k- 93d- 93N- 9N8- 8yy-

9kyĜ9kk- 9kN- 99j- 98R- 98j- 983- 9e9- 9e8-

8R9- 8kR- 8k9- 8j3- 89R- 893- 89N- 88N- 8ek-

9dy- 9d9- 9d8- 9dN- 93y- 93eĜ933- 9NRĜ9NN-

8e3- 8d3

8yR- 8yk- 8Rk- 8Re- 8kR- 8kj- 8jR- 8jk- 8j8-

i`B/Bx+BƦM T2B`+2M- dN- 3RĜ3j- RRy- RRk- R9j- 9Ne9N3Ĝ8yy i`€MbBiQb- jjĜj8- 9y- 9j- 8y- 89- ey- ed- 3j- Ne- Ryd- RRRRRN- Rk9- RkN- RjR- R9j- R88- ReR- Ree- RedRdN- R3y- R3j- R3e- R3d- RNR- kRR- kRj- kjdkey- kN9- j8e- jdd- jd3- j3R- jN9- 9yj- 9kR98y- 98k- 9ed- 93y- 93R- 939- 9NR- 9Ne- 9N39NN- 8yd- 8k9- 893- 8ek- 8e9- 8e3- 8de- 8dN mMB//fKmHiBTHB+B//- 93- 9N- 8k- ej- ed- dd- 3y- 33- 3NRRR- RRj- RRe- RRN- Rk8- R9R- R8e- R8N- Re8Re3- R3dĜRNy- RN8- kRk- kR8- kky- k9R- k8Rk83- kej- kdj- kNk- jyd- jRk- jR9- jR8- jRdjky- jkR- jke- jkd- j9y- j9k- j9j- j98- j9ej8R- j8k- j89- j88- jej- jd3- j3R- j39- j38jNR- jNe- 9Rj- 9Re- 9kR- 9kj- 9k9- 9k3- 9jj9jN- 99y- 99eĜ993- 98kĜ989- 98e- 98N- 9ek9e9- 9e8- 9ed- 9dy- 9d9- 9dN- 93y- 9Nj- 9N89Nd- 8Ry- 8R3- 8RN- 8kj- 8k9- 8ke- 8kd- 8jy8jjĜ8j8- 8j3- 899- 89N- 88jĜ888- 8eR8edĜ8eN- 8de- 8d3 mMBp2`bHfT`iB+mH`- jyĜjk- j8- jd- jN- 9y- 9k- 8y- 8R- 88ek- ee- ed- dj- d8- de- dN- 38- NNĜRyR- RyjRy8- RRR- RR8- Rk3- Rjj- R9yĜR9j- Re8- RdjRde- Rdd- RdN- R3RĜR39- R3d- RNy- RNk- ky8kyN- kR9ĜkRd- kjy- kjk- kj3- k9y- k99- k98k93- key- ke8Ĝked- kdR- k33- k3N- kNj- kN3kNN- jRd- jk8- j9d- j93- j8k- j88- jej- jee-

8j3Ĝ89R- 89j- 898- 89d- 88y- 88k- 8ej- 8dR8d8- 8de- 8d3 mMBp2`bQb /2 :`Qi?2M/B2+F- jd- N3- Rye- kke- kkdk99Ĝk9e- k93- k9N p`B#H2 +QKTH2D- Re- RN- jR- jj- je- 98- 3d- N8- RyR- RyNRRR- RRj- RRN- RjR- Rj8- Rje- R9y- R9R- R9jR8R- R8e- R8d- ReRĜRe9- Re3- RdjĜRd8RdNĜR3R- R3jĜR38- R3dĜRNj- kyR- kye- ky3kyN- kkR- kkjĜkk8- kjR- kjk- kjd- kj3- k88k83- key- ke9- kdk- kNd- jyR- jyk- jk3jjeĜjj3- j9e- j9d- j8k- j89- j8eĜj83- jey9Ry- 9Rj- 9d9- 8Rk- 8eR pBbB#H2fBMpBbB#H2- 3y- Nj- Ry8- Rye- R3k- RN3- ky8- kydkRyĜkRj- kRe- kkN- jyR- jd3- 9RR- 9ky- 9kN9jk- 993- 98k- 9eR- 9ed- 9dy- 8yN- 8RR- 8kR8k8- 8ke- 8jR- 893- 88y- 8ee- 8d8 pQH+€M- 8y- 8k- Ry9- RRR- RkR- Red- R33- RNj- RNe- kRRkRk- k38- k3N- kN3- jy8- j8k- j88- j3e- j3N9y3- 998- 99N- 9ek- 9dy- 93yĜ93j- 93e- 8yk8R9- 8keĜ8kN- 8jk- 8jd- 89y- 898- 89d- 88e88d- 88NĜ8ek- 8eN- 8dd vBMfvM;- R9k- ky8- kjN- jye- jkN- j88- j33- jNy- jNkjNe- jNd- 9yR- 9yj- 9yN- 9RRĜ9R9- 9R39kRĜ9kN- 9j8- 9je- 99k- 9ed- 9eN- 9dy- 93y93dĜ93N- 8yk- 888- 8e9- 8d8 w2i U7mM+BƦMV- jj- R89- Re8- kRy- kjd- k88- k8N