Greek Lyric: Sappho and Alcaeus 9780674991576, 0674991575

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THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOUNDED BY JAMES LOEB EDITED BY

G. P. GOOLD PREVIOUS EDITORS T. E. PAGE

E. CAPPS

W. H. D. ROUSE

L. A. POST

E. H. WARMINGTON

...

~

GREEK LYRIC

I LCL 142

GREEK LYRIC I SAPPHO AND ALCAEUS EDITED AND TRANSLATED BY

DAVID A. CAMPBELL

HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS LONDON, ENGLAND

Copyright ©

CONTENTS

by the President and Fellows of Harvard College

1982

Reprinted with corrections 1990

PREFACE

vii

INTRODUCTION SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY SAPPHO: TESTIMONIA TEXT

ALCAEUS: TESTIMONIA TEXT

ISBN

0-674-99157-5

Printed in Great Britain by St. Edmundsbury Press Ltd, Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, on wood-free paper. Bound by Hunter & Foulis Ltd, Edinburgh, Scotland.

ix

xviii 2 52

206 234

SAPPHO OR ALCAEUS

438

TABLES OF COMPARATIVE NUMERATION

457

INDEX OF AUTHORS AND SOURCES

473

GENERAL INDEX

483

To my mother

PREFACE

J. M. Edmonds' three volumes of Lyra Graeca have given useful service since their appearance some fifty years ago, but the time has come to replace them. Much new material has been unearthed; and Edmonds' version of the papyrus texts was spoiled by his excessive eagerness to fill the gaps. It will be obvious that the present volume makes a fresh beginning. In the first place, I have rearranged the contents of the volumes, so that solo song precedes choral lyric: accordingly, this, the first volume, is devoted toSappho and Alcaeus; and Anacreon (and the Anacreontea) will appear at the beginning of volume II. Secondly, I have renumbered the fragments, using as far as possible the marginal numbers of Lobel and Page for Sappho and Alcaeus. Papyrus scraps which yield nothing of interest are omitted. Thirdly, I-have numbered the testimonia to simplify reference'" and have grouped them under headings, although it will be obvious that some of the passages did not readily submit to being dragooned in this way. I acknowledge my gratitude for Research Grants awarded to me by the University of Victoria, the Canada Council and the American Philosophical Society, and for a Fellowship awarded by the American Council of Learned Societies, which envii

PREFACE abled me to take Study Leave in 1975-76. I wish to thank my Research Assistants Dr. David R. Marsh, Dr. Caroline A. Overman, Miss Vicki R. Cameron, Mr. J. Bruce McKinnon and Mr. John J. Koval for their help, the Librarian of the University of Victoria and his staff for their efficiency in obtaining rare books and periodicals, and Mrs. A. Nancy Nasser for typing the manuscript. UNIVERSITY OF VICTORIA

November 1977

DAVID

A.

INTRODUCTION

CAMPBELL

Solo song

The poetry of Sappho, Alcaeus and Anacreon was lyric in the strict sense: it was composed to be sung to the accompaniment of the lyre. The poets themselves do not tell us this explicitly: when their audience could see the lyre and hear the song with its accompaniment, there was no need for such explicit statement. They do however mention their music: Sappho in an isolated line, the text of which is uncertain, says, ' Come, divine lyre, speak to me and find yourself a voice' (llS): fro 160 has,' I shall now sing these songs beautifully to delight my companions '; and we know that her companions were themselves singers (21, 22, 96). Alcaeus says the lyre plays a merry part in the symposium (70. 3 f.), and the symposium must have provided the occasion for the performance of most of his poetry. The KiOapts, ' lyre', is mentioned in his fragments in the context of wine and love. Anacreon twice has the verb .pal.l.w, ' I pluck the lyre strings', each time in the context of revelry (373, 374). The evidence from the fragments of the poets can be supplemented. Vase-painters represented all three poets as lyre-players, and the earliest paintings viii

ix

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION

belong to the late 6th century, i.e. to the lifetime of Anacreon (G. M. A. Richter, The Portraits of the Greeks i 69-72, 75-78). Later writers called Sappho a .' aE(JAa, ... \ 'lTEp \ "1[\ " TE 'lTOVTWt, I 'lTpWTa p..EV . I\tOV, EV ,~" '(J ["~ , TVtu a'ITopp..a EV TES OOOV 'lTEpatV'f}v , I 8 OVK £ovvavTo, ,~

Lesbos: see ad. 3. 130 If. and Page, B. & A. 59 If. 2 Dionysus: for the shrine of the three gods cf. Ale. 129. 3 Five stanzas in all. S. may have prayed to Hera for a safe voyage . for herself or another. See also test. 59. 1

\ A" , ' " 'lTPW aE\ Kat\ Llot aVT [taOV Kal\Eaaat ' 0 ' ' [ ' -~ Kat ~vwvas tp..'{ pOEVTa 'lTawa' V~V Sol, K[a~ot 'lTpaiip..Ev'f}S ap'f}gov 12 KaT TO 'lTa~[awv. .

" [ 'I\a ayva Kat"Kq. 'IT]ap(J[EV 15 a]p..cf>t. [ 19 (fp..p..€Vq.[ t 20 l]R' a'ITlKE[a(Jat. 3 'Arp€toaL Wilamowitz 2 Wilamowitz 7 J ureuka 5s. suppl. Page II Page 12 Wilamo· 10 Wilamowitz 9 Lobel, Page witz 13 Castiglioni 14s. Hunt 20 ·H]p' a1T1K.[a8n. Milne l]p' West

1 suppl. Milne

elanv Jurenka Kl\ij. Edmonds

18 Same papyrus

18 P. Oxy. 1231 fro 1 col. ii 22-27 (vi versuum initial

o[

6

T]oilfLav[

7

]avBpw[

+ 25 6

iI]E7rT04>WV[

75

GREEK LYRIC

SAPPHO 26 Same papyrus

26 P. Oxy. 1231 fro 16

]8af-te'w[ o}TTLVa[S" yap EV 8e'w, Kiivol f-tE f-tuB.tU'Ta 7TU[VTWV 4 alvovru]t ·]a.AEf-tUT' " , [aVTat " " o~, Ef-t ] aI', EyW

II

. . . frequently(?) . . . For those whom I treat well harm me most of all 1 . . . idle . . . and I am conscious of this 2 • • • Supplement from Et. Gen. (on the subjunctive form Olw). From Apollonius Dyseolus (on the pronoun forms: ef. Ale. 317). 1

2

12 ToiiTo av]vOtoa cf. Et. Gen. (p. 30 Calame) = Et. Mag. 449.37s8 . . . . Olw, W!i napa 'L.um/Jo'i, oloV" OTTLVas ydp EV (Uw K€'ivol tL€ p.aAwTa a{voVTaL, Ap. Dyse. Pron. 103a(i 80 Schneider) = Ale. 317 Kat 'TTupa TotS AlOAtKOl.S B~ WS Ell 7Tapa8lu€L av€yvwa87J" £p,' a{).Tf!TOVT' EYWV uVllo,8«, Pron. 64h (i 51 Schn.) AloAeis {3ap€ws (se. , ') eywv II