Gnepp's Diagnostic Surgical Pathology of the Head and Neck [Third ed.] 9780323531146, 2020933828, 9780323547802, 9780323547819
Offering the most comprehensive collection of head and neck pathology specimens available in one reference, Gnepp’s Diag
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English Pages [1219] Year 2020
![Gnepp's Diagnostic Surgical Pathology of the Head and Neck [Third ed.]
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Table of contents :
Cover
IFC
Half Title Page
Title Page
Copyright
CONTENTS
PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
ABBREVIATIONS USED IN TEXT
1 - Precursor Lesions for Squamous Carcinoma in the Upper Aerodigestive Tract
General Introduction
Oral Cavity
INTRODUCTION
NORMAL ORAL ANATOMY
ORAL POTENTIALLY MALIGNANT DISORDERS
Erythroplakia, Leukoplakia, and Speckled Leukoplakia
Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia
Verrucous Hyperplasia
Oral Submucous Fibrosis and Changes in Betel Chewers
Lichen Planus
Discoid Lupus Erythematosus
Human Papillomavirus and Oral Epithelial Dysplasia
Dyskeratosis Congenita
Fanconi Anemia
Sideropenic Dysphagia
Syphilis
Palatal Changes in Reverse Smokers
Cheilitis Glandularis
Other Conditions
PROGRESSION AND TRANSFORMATION OF ORAL DYSPLASTIC LESIONS
Clinical Adjuncts to Diagnosis. Over the past two decades, there has been a dramatic increase in the development of potential or...
Biopsy Sampling and Handling
Features of Dysplasia
Grading Dysplasia
Clinical-Histological Correlations
Detection of Early Invasion
Intraoperative Frozen-Section Assessment of Dysplasia
PREDICTIVE BIOMARKERS
TREATMENT OF OPMD AND ORAL DYSPLASIA
Active Surveillance
Surgical Treatment
Chemoprevention
Oropharynx
INTRODUCTION
ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY
CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL FEATURES
Nasopharynx
INTRODUCTION
ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY
CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS
PATHOLOGIC FEATURES AND DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
GENETICS
Nasal Cavity and Sinuses
ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY
CLINICAL, EPIDEMIOLOGICAL, PATHOLOGICAL, AND GENETIC ASPECTS
Larynx and Hypopharynx
INTRODUCTION
ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY
EPIDEMIOLOGY
ETIOLOGY
CLINICAL FEATURES
PATHOLOGIC FEATURES
INTRAOPERATIVE FROZEN SECTIONS
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
GENETICS
Introduction
Chromosomal Changes
Tumor Suppressor Gene Inactivation and Allelic Loss
Microsatellite Instability
Protooncogene Activation
Telomerase Reactivation
Epigenetics
Expression Profile Data
TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS
2 -Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Upper Aerodigestive System
Introduction
Introduction
General Comments
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS
Lip
Oral Cavity and Pharynx
Larynx
Sinonasal Cavities
Nasopharynx
Trachea
Analytic Epidemiology
Syndromes
MULTIPLE PRIMARY TUMORS
LOCAL AND DISTANT METASTASIS
Site-Specific Features
NASOPHARYNX
SINONASAL CAVITIES
LARYNX AND HYPOPHARYNX
Hypopharynx
Larynx
TRACHEA
ORAL CAVITY/OROPHARYNX
Tongue
Floor of the Mouth
Cheek
Alveolar Ridge
Retromolar Trigone
Hard Palate
OROPHARYNX
Base of the Tongue
Tonsillar Area and Soft Palate
Pharyngeal Wall
Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Unusual Variants
SPINDLE CELL CARCINOMA
BASALOID SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
ACANTHOLYIC SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
Acantholytic Squamous Cell Carcinoma
ADENOSQUAMOUS CARCINOMA
PAPILLARY SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
LYMPHOEPITHELIAL CARCINOMA
OTHER UNUSUAL VARIANTS AND DIAGNOSTIC PITFALLS IN SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMAS
NUT Carcinoma
Carcinoma Cuniculatum
3 - Nonsquamous Lesions of the Nasal Cavity, Paranasal Sinuses, and Nasopharynx
Anatomy and Histology
NASAL CAVITY
PARANASAL SINUSES
NASOPHARYNX
Inflammatory Disorders
MUCOUS IMPACTION
SINONASAL INFLAMMATORY POLYPS
MYOSPHERULOSIS
TUBERCULOSIS
SARCOIDOSIS
LEPROSY
RHINOSCLEROMA
RHINOSPORIDIOSIS
FUNGAL DISEASES
LYMPHOID HYPERPLASIA
SINUS HISTIOCYTOSIS WITH MASSIVE LYMPHADENOPATHY (ROSAI-DORFMAN DISEASE)
GRANULOMATOSIS WITH POLYANGIITIS (WEGENER GRANULOMATOSIS)
EOSINOPHILIC ANGIOCENTRIC FIBROSIS
Nonneoplastic Lesions, Including Cysts and Hamartomas
NECROTIZING SIALOMETAPLASIA
PARANASAL SINUS MUCOCELE
RESPIRATORY EPITHELIAL ADENOMATOID HAMARTOMA
SEROMUCINOUS HAMARTOMA
NASAL CHONDROMESENCHYMAL HAMARTOMA
GLIAL HETEROTOPIA AND ENCEPHALOCELE
DERMOID CYST
TORNWALDT CYST
Neoplasms
NEUROECTODERMAL/MELANOCYTIC TUMORS
Malignant Melanoma
Olfactory Neuroblastoma
Soft-Tissue Tumors
ANGIOFIBROMA
GLOMANGIOPERICYTOMA
LOBULAR CAPILLARY HEMANGIOMA
PERIPHERAL NERVE SHEATH TUMORS
BIPHENOTYPIC SINONASAL SARCOMA
Other Sinonasal Tumors
SINONASAL AMELOBLASTOMA
ECTOPIC PITUITARY ADENOMA
CRANIOPHARYNGIOMA
TERATOCARCINOSARCOMA
LYMPHOPLASMACYTIC TUMORS
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Extranodal NK/T Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type
Extramedullary Plasmacytoma
Metastatic Tumors
4 - Lesions of the Oral Cavity
Fibrous, Fibrohistiocytic, and Fibrovascular Lesions
IRRITATION FIBROMA AND LOCALIZED FIBROUS HYPERPLASIA
GIANT CELL FIBROMA
DESMOPLASTIC FIBROBLASTOMA
SYMMETRICAL PALATAL FIBROMATOSIS
DESMOID-TYPE FIBROMATOSIS (AGGRESSIVE FIBROMATOSIS)
GINGIVAL FIBROMATOSIS AND DRUG-INDUCED FIBROUS HYPERPLASIA
LOCALIZED JUVENILE SPONGIOTIC GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA
ORAL SUBMUCOUS FIBROSIS
FIBROSARCOMA
BENIGN FIBROUS HISTIOCYTOMA
UNDIFFERENTIATED PLEOMORPHIC SARCOMA (MALIGNANT FIBROUS HISTIOCYTOMA)
MYOFIBROMATOSIS (MYOFIBROBLASTOMA)
NODULAR FASCIITIS
PROLIFERATIVE MYOSITIS
ORAL FOCAL MUCINOSIS
INFLAMMATORY PAPILLARY HYPERPLASIA
PERICORONITIS
PYOGENIC GRANULOMA
Granuloma-Like Mucosal Lesions With Giant Cells
PERIPHERAL GIANT CELL GRANULOMA
OROFACIAL GRANULOMATOSIS AND GRANULOMATOUS MUCOSITIS
Soft-Tissue Lesions With Bone or Cartilage
TORUS AND BONY EXOSTOSIS
PERIPHERAL OSSIFYING FIBROMA
HETEROTOPIC OSSIFICATION
SOFT-TISSUE OSSEOUS/CARTILAGINOUS CHORISTOMA
ECTOMESENCHYMAL CHONDROMYXOID TUMOR
PAROSTEAL (JUXTACORTICAL) AND PERIOSTEAL OSTEOSARCOMA
Noncalcified Soft-Tissue Tumors With Mixed or Ectopic Tissues
GLIAL CHORISTOMA
TERATOMA
FORDYCE GRANULES
JUXTAORAL ORGAN OF CHIEVITZ
BENIGN LYMPHOID AGGREGATE (ORAL TONSIL TAG)
LINGUAL THYROID
CONGENITAL (GRANULAR CELL) EPULIS
MEDIAN RHOMBOID GLOSSITIS
SOFT-TISSUE CYSTS
EPIDERMOID AND DERMOID CYST
PALATAL AND GINGIVAL CYSTS OF THE NEWBORN
NASOLABIAL CYST
CYST OF THE INCISIVE PAPILLA
LYMPHOEPITHELIAL CYST
THYROGLOSSAL DUCT CYST
HETEROTOPIC ORAL GASTROINTESTINAL CYST
Vascular Lesions
VENOUS ANEURYSM
CALIBER-PERSISTENT ARTERY
HEMANGIOMA AND VASCULAR MALFORMATION
HEMANGIOENDOTHELIOMA
SOLITARY FIBROUS TUMOR (HEMANGIOPERICYTOMA)
ANGIOSARCOMA
KAPOSI’S SARCOMA
LYMPHANGIOMA (LYMPHATIC MALFORMATION)
Tumors of Fatty Tissue
HERNIATED BUCCAL FAT PAD
LIPOMA
LIPOSARCOMA
Neural Tumors
TRAUMATIC NEUROMA
MUCOSAL NEUROMA
PALISADED ENCAPSULATED NEUROMA
SCHWANNOMA (NEURILEMOMA)
NEUROFIBROMA
MALIGNANT PERIPHERAL NERVE SHEATH TUMOR
GRANULAR CELL TUMOR AND MALIGNANT GRANULAR CELL TUMOR
Muscle Tumors
LEIOMYOMA
LEIOMYOSARCOMA
RHABDOMYOMA
Treatment and Prognosis
RHABDOMYOSARCOMA
Benign Epithelial Proliferations
PAPILLARY AND VERRUCIFORM MASSES
SQUAMOUS PAPILLOMA
VERRUCA VULGARIS
VERRUCA PLANA
CONDYLOMA ACUMINATUM
FOCAL EPITHELIAL HYPERPLASIA
VERRUCIFORM XANTHOMA
KERATOACANTHOMA
PSEUDOEPITHELIOMATOUS HYPERPLASIA
ORAL HAIRY LEUKOPLAKIA
NONPAPILLARY KERATOTIC MUCOSAL HYPERPLASIAS
FRICTIONAL, CHEMICAL, AND THERMAL KERATOSIS
LEUKOEDEMA
WHITE SPONGE NEVUS
ACTINIC CHEILOSIS
BENIGN MIGRATORY GLOSSITIS AND STOMATITIS
LICHEN PLANUS AND LICHENOID REACTION
Ulcerative and Blistering Mucosal Lesions
INFLAMMATORY ULCERATION (TRAUMATIC ULCER, APHTHOUS ULCER)
TRAUMATIC ULCERATIVE GRANULOMA WITH STROMAL EOSINOPHILIA (TUGSE)
Pathologic Findings and Differential Diagnosis
MEDICATION-ASSOCIATED OSTEONECROSIS OF THE JAWS (MEDICATION-RELATED OSTEONECROSIS OF THE JAWS, MRONJ)
PEMPHIGUS VULGARIS
MUCOUS MEMBRANE PEMPHIGOID
PIGMENTED MUCOSAL LESIONS
AMALGAM TATTOO
ORAL MELANOTIC MACULE
MELANOACANTHOMA
MUCOSAL MELANOCYTIC NEVUS
MELANOTIC NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR OF INFANCY
MELANOMA
METASTASIS TO ORAL SOFT TISSUES
5 - Nonsquamous Pathologic Diseases of the Hypopharynx, Larynx, and Trachea
Anatomic Relationships and Barriers or Pathways for Tumor Spread in the Hypopharynx and Larynx
HYPOPHARYNX
LARYNX
BARRIERS TO TUMOR SPREAD
LARYNGEAL SURGICAL PATHOLOGY SPECIMEN
SURGICAL PATHOLOGY REPORT
Non-neoplastic Diseases
VOCAL CORD NODULES, POLYPS, AND REINKE’S EDEMA
CYSTS
Laryngocele
Saccular Cyst
Ductal Cysts (Squamous, Tonsillar, and Oncocytic)
Other Laryngeal Cysts and Sinuses
LARYNGEAL AMYLOIDOSIS
ENDOTRACHEAL INTUBATION
CONTACT ULCERS
FOREIGN BODY GRANULOMAS
SARCOIDOSIS
GOUT
AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES AND DISEASES OF UNCERTAIN MECHANISMS
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Lupus Erythematosus
Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (Wegener’s Granulomatosis)
MUCOSAL BULLOUS DISEASES
Benign Mucosal Pemphigoid and Pemphigus Vulgaris
Pemphigoid
Pemphigus
CROHN’S DISEASE
NECROTIZING SIALOMETAPLASIA
IMPACT OF GASTROINTESTINAL REFLUX DISEASE ON THE LARYNX
CHONDROMETAPLASIA
RELAPSING POLYCHONDRITIS
TRACHEOPATHIA CHONDRO-OSTEOPLASTICA
POSTRADIATION TREATMENT CHANGES
HAMARTOMA
LARYNGOMALACIA
Benign and Malignant Laryngeal Neoplasia
LARYNGEAL PAPILLOMATOSIS: JUVENILE-ONSET AND ADULT-ONSET PAPILLOMAS AND AGGRESSIVE PAPILLOMATOSIS
GRANULAR CELL TUMOR
NEUROENDOCRINE TUMORS
Neuroendocrine Carcinomas
LARYNGEAL PARAGANGLIOMA
SALIVARY TUMORS
Oncocytic Cysts and Cystadenomas
Pleomorphic Adenoma
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
MELANOMA AND LARYNGEAL MELANOSIS
Treatment and Prognosis
HEMATOLYMPHOID NEOPLASIA
Extraosseus (Extramedullary) Plasmacytoma
Malignant Lymphomas
LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS
FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELL SARCOMA
FIBROBLASTIC TUMORS
Desmoid-Type Fibromatosis (Desmoid Tumor, Aggressive Fibromatosis)
Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor
Fibrosarcoma
Myofibroblastic Sarcoma
PERIPHERAL NERVE SHEATH TUMORS
Neurofibromas
MALIGNANT PERIPHERAL NERVE SHEATH TUMORS
CARTILAGINOUS TUMORS
OSTEOSARCOMA
ANEURYSMAL BONE CYST
GIANT CELL TUMOR
SKELETAL MUSCLE TUMORS
Rhabdomyomas
Rhabdomyosarcoma
SMOOTH MUSCLE TUMORS
Leiomyosarcoma
VASCULAR TUMORS
Angiosarcoma
Kaposi Sarcoma
SOLITARY FIBROUS TUMOR
ADIPOSE TUMORS
Liposarcoma
SYNOVIAL SARCOMA
UNDIFFERENTIATED PLEOMORPHIC SARCOMA (MALIGNANT FIBROUS HISTIOCYTOMA/PLEOMORPHIC FIBROSARCOMA)
TERATOMA
BLASTOMA
Secondary Tumors (Intratracheal Thyroid Ectopia, Metastatic Tumors)
6 - Salivary Glands
Development and Anatomy
EMBRYOLOGY
ANATOMY
Developmental Disorders
SALIVARY GLAND HETEROTOPIA
POLYCYSTIC (DYSGENETIC) DISEASE
Sialadenitis, Sialolithiasis, and Sialadenosis
INFECTIOUS SIALADENITIS
Acute Suppurative Sialadenitis
Tuberculosis
Viral Sialadenitis
Mumps
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
CHRONIC SIALADENITIS AND RELATED CONDITIONS
Sjögren’s Syndrome and Lymphoepithelial Sialadenitis
Sialolithiasis
SIALADENOSIS
Primary Cystic Disease
MINOR SALIVARY GLANDS
Mucus Retention Cyst (Salivary Duct Cyst)
MAJOR SALIVARY GLANDS
Salivary Duct Cysts
Ranula
Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Associated Salivary Gland Cysts
Benign Lymphoepithelial Cyst
Branchial Cleft and Other Congenital Cysts
Miscellaneous Nonneoplastic Cystic Lesions
Tumor-Like Lesions
SUBACUTE NECROTIZING SIALADENITIS
SCLEROSING POLYCYSTIC ADENOSIS/ADENOMA
Neoplasms
CLASSIFICATION
PLEOMORPHIC ADENOMA (BENIGN MIXED TUMOR)
CARCINOMA EX PLEOMORPHIC ADENOMA
Early Ca-ex-PA
CARCINOSARCOMA
METASTASIZING PLEOMORPHIC ADENOMA
MYOEPITHELIOMA
Benign Myoepithelioma
Myoepithelial Carcinoma
WARTHIN TUMOR (PAPILLARY CYSTADENOMA LYMPHOMATOSUM)
Typical Type and Nonmetaplastic Variants
Metaplastic (Infarcted) Variant
BASAL CELL ADENOMA
BASAL CELL ADENOCARCINOMA
CANALICULAR ADENOMA
ONCOCYTIC LESIONS AND TUMORS
Non-neoplastic Lesions
Oncocytic Tumors
DUCTAL PAPILLOMAS
Intraductal Papilloma
Sialadenoma Papilliferum
Inverted Ductal Papilloma
MUCOEPIDERMOID CARCINOMA
ACINIC CELL CARCINOMA
MAMMARY ANALOGUE SECRETORY CARCINOMA (SECRETORY CARCINOMA)
ADENOID CYSTIC CARCINOMA
CARCINOMAS COMPOSED OF CLEAR CELLS
Epithelial-Myoepithelial Carcinoma
Clear Cell Carcinoma
SALIVARY DUCT CARCINOMA
Morphological Variants
Special Stains and IHC
Salivary Duct Carcinoma In Situ
Low-Grade Salivary Duct Carcinoma
UNDIFFERENTIATED CARCINOMAS
Small Cell Carcinoma
Large Cell Carcinoma
Lymphoepithelial Carcinoma
SEBACEOUS LESIONS
Sebaceous Adenoma
Sebaceous and Nonsebaceous Lymphadenoma
Sebaceous Carcinoma (Sebaceous Adenocarcinoma)
Sebaceous Lymphadenocarcinoma
Sebaceous Lesions Associated With Other Salivary Gland Neoplasms
CYSTADENOMA AND CYSTADENOCARCINOMA
Cystadenoma
Cystadenocarcinoma
PRIMARY SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
MUCINOUS ADENOCARCINOMA
Colloid Carcinoma
ADENOCARCINOMA NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED
PEDIATRIC AND CONGENITAL TUMORS, INCLUDING SIALOBLASTOMA
METASTASIS TO MAJOR SALIVARY GLANDS
CENTRAL SALIVARY GLAND TUMORS OF THE MAXILLA AND MANDIBLE
MESENCHYMAL NEOPLASMS
HYBRID TUMORS
MISCELLANEOUS LESIONS
Giant Cell Tumor
Keratocystoma
Sclerosing Microcystic Adenocarcinoma
Striated Duct Adenoma
Intercalated Duct Lesions
Special Techniques
FINE-NEEDLE ASPIRATION BIOPSY
FROZEN-SECTION EXAMINATION
ADJUNCTIVE MOLECULAR TESTING
7 - Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands
Introduction
Thyroid Gland
EMBRYOLOGY
ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY
PHYSIOLOGY
C CELLS
OTHER COMPONENTS OF NORMAL THYROID
CONGENITAL ANOMALIES
THYROIDITIS
Acute Thyroiditis
Subacute Granulomatous Thyroiditis
Tuberculosis and Sarcoidosis
Palpation Thyroiditis
Hashimoto Thyroiditis
Fibrous Variant of Hashimoto Thyroiditis
Fibrous Atrophy Variant of Hashimoto Thyroiditis
Subacute Lymphocytic (Painless) Thyroiditis
Focal Lymphocytic Thyroiditis
Drug-Induced Thyroiditis
RADIATION-INDUCED THYROID INJURY
RIEDEL THYROIDITIS
AMYLOIDOSIS
HYPERPLASIA OF THE THYROID
Graves Disease (Diffuse Hyperplasia)
Goitrous Hypothyroidism and Endemic Goiter
Dyshormonogenetic Goiter
Nontoxic Nodular Goiter
THYROID NODULES AND THYROID CANCER: GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
Diagnostic Approaches
THYROID CYSTS
BENIGN TUMORS
Adenoma Variants
Treatment of Adenomas
INDETERMINATE NEOPLASMS
Hyalinizing Trabecular Tumor
OTHER ENCAPSULATED FOLLICULAR-PATTERNED THYROID TUMORS
Tumors of Uncertain Malignant Potential
Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm With Papillary-like Nuclei
MALIGNANT TUMORS
Variants of Papillary Carcinoma
Follicular Carcinoma
Hürthle Cell Carcinoma
Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Carcinomas
Anaplastic (Undifferentiated) Thyroid Carcinoma
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Medullary Carcinoma
Familial Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma and C-Cell Hyperplasia
Mixed Medullary and Follicular Cell Tumors
Malignant Lymphomas
Plasmacytoma
Hodgkin Lymphoma
Other Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Disorders
Mesenchymal Tumors
Unusual Thyroid Tumors
Secondary Tumors
Parathyroid Glands
EMBRYOLOGY
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
PARATHYROID ADENOMA
ADENOMA VARIANTS
PARATHYROID CARCINOMA
PRIMARY CHIEF CELL HYPERPLASIA
PRIMARY CLEAR CELL HYPERPLASIA
SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
TERTIARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
SECONDARY TUMORS
PARATHYROID CYSTS
HYPOPARATHYROIDISM AND PSEUDOHYPOPARATHYROIDISM
8 - Bone Lesions
Benign Bone Tumors
OSTEOMA
OSTEOID OSTEOMA
OSTEOBLASTOMA
Osteosarcoma
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
Conventional Osteosarcoma
DEFINITION
Histologic Subtypes
OSTEOSARCOMA OF THE HEAD AND NECK
OSTEOSARCOMA OF THE SKULL
OSTEOSARCOMA OF THE JAW BONES
VERTEBRAL OSTEOSARCOMA
Genetics of Osteosarcoma
Osteosarcoma Variants
PAROSTEAL OSTEOSARCOMA
PERIOSTEAL OSTEOSARCOMA
EXTRASKELETAL OSTEOSARCOMA
Benign Cartilaginous Tumors
CHONDROMA (ENCHONDROMA)
OSTEOCHONDROMA
CHONDROBLASTOMA
CHONDROSARCOMA
CHONDROSARCOMA OF THE LARYNX
Chondrosarcoma Variants
EXTRASKELETAL MYXOID CHONDROSARCOMA
CHORDOMA
GENETICS OF CHORDOMA
Fibroosseous Lesions of the Craniofacial Skeleton
FIBROUS DYSPLASIA
Ossifying Fibroma
CEMENTOOSSIFYING FIBROMA (OSSIFYING FIBROMA OF ODONTOGENIC ORIGIN)
JUVENILE OSSIFYING FIBROMA
TRABECULAR JUVENILE OSSIFYING FIBROMA
PSAMMOMATOID JUVENILE OSSIFYING FIBROMA
EXTRAGNATHIC ADULT OSSIFYING FIBROMA OF THE SKULL
Cementoosseous Dysplasia
PERIAPICAL CEMENTOOSSEOUS DYSPLASIA (PERIAPICAL CEMENTOMA)
FLORID CEMENTOOSSEOUS DYSPLASIA
FOCAL CEMENTOOSSEOUS DYSPLASIA
Giant Cell Lesions of the Craniofacial Skeleton
GIANT CELL GRANULOMA
GIANT CELL TUMOR
ANEURYSMAL BONE CYST
CHERUBISM
BROWN TUMOR OF HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
9 - Soft-Tissue Tumors of the Head and Neck
Introduction
Staging and Grading of Soft-Tissue Sarcomas of the Head and Neck
Benign and Reactive Fibroblastic, Fibrohistiocytic, and Myofibroblastic Tumors
JUVENILE HYALINE FIBROMATOSIS
NUCHAL FIBROMA/GARDNER SYNDROME–ASSOCIATED FIBROMA
IMMUNOGLOBULIN G4-RELATED FIBROSCLEROSING LESIONS
INFANTILE MYOFIBROMATOSIS AND SOLITARY MYOFIBROMA
NODULAR FASCIITIS AND VARIANTS, PROLIFERATIVE FASCIITIS, AND PROLIFERATIVE MYOSITIS
EPITHELIOID FIBROUS HISTIOCYTOMA
CELLULAR BENIGN FIBROUS HISTIOCYTOMA
Fibroblastic and Fibrohistiocytic Tumors of Intermediate (Borderline) Malignancy
DERMATOFIBROSARCOMA PROTUBERANS
GIANT CELL FIBROBLASTOMA
ANGIOMATOID FIBROUS HISTIOCYTOMA
PLEXIFORM FIBROHISTIOCYTIC TUMOR
SOFT-TISSUE GIANT CELL TUMOR
Malignant Fibroblastic, Myofibroblastic, and Fibrohistiocytic Tumors
ADULT FIBROSARCOMA
INFANTILE FIBROSARCOMA (CONGENITAL FIBROSARCOMA, AGGRESSIVE INFANTILE FIBROMATOSIS)
UNDIFFERENTIATED PLEOMORPHIC SARCOMA (MALIGNANT FIBROUS HISTIOCYTOMA, PLEOMORPHIC FIBROSARCOMA) AND MYXOFIBROSARCOMA (MYXOID MAL...
ATYPICAL FIBROXANTHOMA
Tumors of Peripheral Nerve
MUCOSAL NEUROMA
SOLITARY CIRCUMSCRIBED NEUROMA (PALISADED ENCAPSULATED NEUROMA)
NEUROFIBROMA
SCHWANNOMA
GRANULAR CELL TUMOR
MALIGNANT PERIPHERAL NERVE SHEATH TUMOR (MPNST)
PERINEURIAL TUMORS
Benign Adipocytic Tumors
HIBERNOMA
SPINDLE CELL AND PLEOMORPHIC LIPOMA
LIPOBLASTOMA
Malignant Adipocytic Neoplasms
WELL-DIFFERENTIATED LIPOSARCOMA (ATYPICAL LIPOMATOUS TUMOR) AND DEDIFFERENTIATED LIPOSARCOMA
MYXOID LIPOSARCOMA
High-Grade Myxoid Liposarcoma (Round Cell Liposarcoma)
PLEOMORPHIC LIPOSARCOMA
Benign and Reactive Vascular Tumors
PYOGENIC GRANULOMA (LOBULAR CAPILLARY HEMANGIOMA)
BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS
CAPILLARY HEMANGIOMA
EPITHELIOID HEMANGIOMA (ANGIOLYMPHOID HYPERPLASIA WITH EOSINOPHILIA)
Vascular Tumors of Intermediate (Borderline) Malignancy
EPITHELIOID SARCOMA–LIKE/ PSEUDOMYOGENIC HEMANGIOENDOTHELIOMA
KAPOSIFORM HEMANGIOENDOTHELIOMA
DABSKA-TYPE HEMANGIOENDOTHELIOMA (PAPILLARY INTRALYMPHATIC ANGIOENDOTHELIOMA) AND RETIFORM HEMANGIOENDOTHELIOMA
COMPOSITE HEMANGIOENDOTHELIOMAS
EPITHELIOID HEMANGIOENDOTHELIOMA
Malignant Vascular Tumors
KAPOSI SARCOMA
Tumors With Myogenous Differentiation
LEIOMYOSARCOMA AND ATYPICAL DERMAL SMOOTH MUSCLE TUMORS
RHABDOMYOMATOUS MESENCHYMAL HAMARTOMA
FETAL RHABDOMYOMA
ADULT RHABDOMYOMA
RHABDOMYOSARCOMA
Miscellaneous Tumors
SUPERFICIAL ANGIOMYXOMA AND CUTANEOUS MYXOMA
EPITHELIOID SARCOMA
ALVEOLAR SOFT PART SARCOMA
OSSIFYING FIBROMYXOID TUMOR OF SOFT PARTS
EWING SARCOMA
EWING-LIKE SARCOMAS
SYNOVIAL SARCOMA
PARAGANGLIOMA
PHOSPHATURIC MESENCHYMAL TUMOR
SOLITARY FIBROUS TUMOR
10 - Odontogenic Cysts and Tumors
Introduction
Odontogenic Cysts
DENTIGEROUS CYST (FOLLICULAR CYST)
ERUPTION CYST (ERUPTION HEMATOMA)
ODONTOGENIC KERATOCYST (KERATOCYSTIC ODONTOGENIC TUMOR)
ORTHOKERATINIZED ODONTOGENIC CYST
GINGIVAL (ALVEOLAR) CYST OF THE NEWBORN (DENTAL LAMINA CYST)
GINGIVAL CYST OF THE ADULT
LATERAL PERIODONTAL CYST (BOTRYOID ODONTOGENIC CYST)
GLANDULAR ODONTOGENIC CYST (SIALO-ODONTOGENIC CYST)
CALCIFYING ODONTOGENIC CYST (CALCIFYING CYSTIC ODONTOGENIC TUMOR)
PERIAPICAL CYST (RADICULAR CYST, APICAL PERIODONTAL CYST)
CARCINOMA ARISING IN ODONTOGENIC CYSTS
Odontogenic Tumors
CONVENTIONAL SOLID OR MULTICYSTIC AMELOBLASTOMA
UNICYSTIC AMELOBLASTOMA
PERIPHERAL AMELOBLASTOMA
CALCIFYING EPITHELIAL ODONTOGENIC TUMOR (PINDBORG TUMOR)
SQUAMOUS ODONTOGENIC TUMOR
ADENOMATOID ODONTOGENIC TUMOR
Treatment and Prognosis
Benign Mixed Epithelial and Mesenchymal Odontogenic Tumors
AMELOBLASTIC FIBROMA
AMELOBLASTIC FIBROODONTOMA
ODONTOMA
PRIMORDIAL ODONTOGENIC TUMOR
ODONTOAMELOBLASTOMA
Benign Mesenchymal Odontogenic Tumors
CENTRAL ODONTOGENIC FIBROMA
PERIPHERAL ODONTOGENIC FIBROMA
GRANULAR CELL ODONTOGENIC TUMOR
ODONTOGENIC MYXOMA
Malignant Odontogenic Tumors
MALIGNANT VARIANTS OF AMELOBLASTOMA
METASTASIZING (MALIGNANT) AMELOBLASTOMA
AMELOBLASTIC CARCINOMA
PRIMARY INTRAOSSEOUS SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
CLEAR CELL ODONTOGENIC CARCINOMA
INTRAOSSEOUS MUCOEPIDERMOID CARCINOMA
AMELOBLASTIC FIBROSARCOMA
11 - Cysts of the Neck, Unknown Primary Tumor, and Neck Dissection
Anatomy
TRIANGLES OF THE HEAD AND NECK
LYMPHATIC REGIONS OF THE NECK
Cysts of the Neck
DEVELOPMENTAL CYSTS
Branchial Cleft Cysts, Sinuses, and Fistulas
Congenital Midline Cervical Cleft
Branchiogenic Carcinoma
Thyroglossal Duct Cyst
Cervical Thymic Cyst
Cervical Bronchial Cyst
Parathyroid Cysts
Dermoid Cyst
NONDEVELOPMENTAL CYSTS
Ranula
Plunging or Cervical Ranula
Laryngocele
Cervical Thoracic Duct Cyst
CYSTIC NEOPLASMS
Cystic Hygroma and Lymphangioma (Lymphatic Malformations)
Hemangioma
Teratoma
Paragangliomas
Carotid Body Paraganglioma
Intravagal Paraganglioma
Ectopic Cervical Salivary Gland Neoplasms and Cysts
Ectopic Cervical Thymic Tumors
Miscellaneous Lesions
Unknown Primary Tumor
Neck Dissection
CERVICAL LYMPH NODE GROUPS
Lymph Node Group Boundaries
CLASSIFICATION
GROSS EXAMINATION OF SPECIMENS
MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION AND DETERMINANTS OF PROGNOSIS
INAPPARENT METASTASES
SENTINEL LYMPH NODE
Lymph Node Ratio (Density)
The Number of Positive Lymph Nodes
12 - Ear: External, Middle, and Temporal Bone
Introduction
External Ear
LUMPS AND BUMPS
Congenital Developmental Anomalies
INFLAMMATORY LESIONS
Chondrodermatitis Helicis (Nodularis)
Amyloidosis
Pernio (Chilblains)
Gout
Perichondritis
Relapsing Polychondritis
NEOPLASMS
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Malignant Melanoma
Dermatofibroma (Fibrous Histiocytoma)
Nodular Fasciitis
Myxoma (Carney Complex)
Merkel Cell Carcinoma (Cutaneous Neuroendocrine Carcinoma)
Mucinous (Colloid) Carcinoma
Kaposi Sarcoma and Bacillary Angiomatosis-Peliosis (Bartonellosis)
Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia With Eosinophilia (Epithelioid Hemangioma), Kimura Disease
Cartilaginous Neoplasms
External Auditory Canal
KERATOSIS OBTURANS
EXTERNAL EAR CANAL CHOLESTEATOMA
FOREIGN BODIES, TRAUMA, OTITIS EXTERNA
NEOPLASMS
Ceruminoma
Carcinoma of Ceruminous Gland Origin
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
High-Grade Adenocarcinoma
Bone Tumors
Neural Tumors
Miscellaneous Other Tumors
Middle Ear
CONGENITAL ANOMALIES AND CHORISTOMA
Congenital Ectopia
CHRONIC OTITIS MEDIA
Cholesteatoma
Otitis Media in Adults
MALAKOPLAKIA
MYOSPHERULOSIS
GRANULOMATOSIS WITH POLYANGIITIS AND RELATED VASCULITIDES
IDIOPATHIC HYPEREOSINOPHILIC SYNDROME
OTOSCLEROSIS
NEOPLASMS OF THE MIDDLE EAR AND TEMPORAL BONE
Inverted Squamous Papilloma
Paraganglioma
Glandular Neoplasms
Aggressive Papillary Middle Ear Tumor
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Melanoma
Other Neoplasms
Langerhans (Dendritic) Cell Histiocytosis
Treatment and Prognosis
Inner Ear and Temporal Bone
METASTATIC AND OTHER RARE TUMORS
TUMORS OF THE INTERNAL AUDITORY CANAL AND CEREBELLOPONTINE ANGLE
Meningioma and Lipoma
Meniere Disease or Labyrinthitis
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Middle Ear Adenoma/Carcinoid Tumor/Neuroendocrine Adenoma
Endolymphatic Sac Tumor/von Hippel-Lindau Disease
13 - Benign and Malignant Hematopoietic Diseases of the Head and Neck
Introduction
Benign Lesions
INFECTIOUS CAUSES OF LYMPHADENITIS OR EXTRANODAL LYMPHOID HYPERPLASIA
Infectious Mononucleosis
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Cat Scratch Disease
Toxoplasma Lymphadenitis
LYMPHOID HYPERPLASIA NOT ASSOCIATED WITH SPECIFIC INFECTIOUS AGENTS
Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease (Histiocytic Necrotizing Lymphadenitis)
Rosai-Dorfman Disease (Sinus Histiocytosis With Massive Lymphadenopathy)
Kimura Disease
Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia With Eosinophilia (Epithelioid Hemangioma)
Lymphoepithelial Sialadenitis (Myoepithelial Sialadenitis, Mikulicz Disease)
Simple Lymphoepithelial Cyst and HIV-Associated Benign Lymphoepithelial Lesions
Inflammatory Pseudotumor
Dermatopathic Lymphadenopathy
Infarction
IgG4-Related Lymphadenopathy
Malignant Lesions
CLASSIFICATION OF NON-HODGKIN AND HODGKIN LYMPHOMAS
LYMPHOMAS ARSING AT SPECIFIC HEAD AND NECK SITES
Waldeyer Ring
Ocular Adnexal Structures
Salivary Glands
Thyroid Gland
UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT
Oral Cavity
Larynx
Ears
Cutaneous Lymphomas
SPECIFIC ENTITIES THAT COMMONLY INVOLVE THE HEAD AND NECK
Extranodal Marginal Zone B-Cell Lymphoma (MALT Lymphoma)
Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type
Burkitt Lymphoma
High-Grade B-Cell Lymphoma
Plasmablastic Lymphoma
Extramedullary Plasmacytoma
Myeloid Sarcoma
Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma
14 - Cutaneous Tumors and Pseudotumors of the Head and Neck
Introduction
Cutaneous Epithelial Neoplasms of the Head and Neck
BENIGN SKIN TUMORS OF SURFACE EPITHELIAL COMPONENTS
MALIGNANT SKIN TUMORS OF SURFACE EPITHELIAL COMPONENTS
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Special Pathologic Studies
Merkel Cell Carcinoma (Primary Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Skin)
Special Pathologic Studies
Adnexal Neoplasms
BENIGN TUMORS OF SWEAT GLAND ORIGIN
MALIGNANT SWEAT GLAND TUMORS
THERAPY AND PROGNOSIS
BENIGN PILOSEBACEOUS NEOPLASMS
MALIGNANT PILOSEBACEOUS NEOPLASMS
Mesenchymal Tumors and Pseudotumors (Also See Ch.9)
GENERAL CLINICAL FEATURES
PREDISPOSING CONDITIONS
IMMUNOHISTOLOGIC FINDINGS IN CUTANEOUS MESENCHYMAL NEOPLASMS
Specific Findings in Cutaneous Mesenchymal Tumors and Pseudotumors
Fibrous Papule
Angiofibroma (Adenoma Sebaceum of Pringle)
Myofibroblastic Proliferations
Glomus Tumors
Rhabdomyomas and Rhabdomyomatous Mesenchymal Hamartoma
Benign Vascular (Endothelial) Neoplasms
BENIGN NEURAL TUMORS
Neuromas and Ganglioneuromas
Neurofibromas
Schwannomas (Neurilemmomas)
Neurothekeomas
Granular Cell Tumors
BENIGN TUMORS OF ADIPOSE TISSUE
Lipomas
Hibernomas
BENIGN FIBROHISTIOCYTIC TUMORS
Dermatofibromas
Recurring (Atypical) Fibrous Histiocytomas
OTHER BENIGN NEOPLASMS
Myxomas and Angiomyxomas
Solitary Fibrous Tumors
Biologically Borderline Cutaneous Mesenchymal Tumors
BORDERLINE ENDOTHELIAL TUMORS
Papillary Endovascular Angioendotheliomas (Dabska Tumors)
Epithelioid Hemangioendotheliomas
Kaposiform Hemangioendothelioma
Retiform Hemangioendothelioma
BORDERLINE FIBROHISTIOCYTIC NEOPLASMS
Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans
Giant Cell Fibroblastoma and Giant Cell Angiofibroma
Plexiform Fibrous Histiocytomas
Angiomatoid Fibrous Histiocytoma
Overtly Malignant Mesenchymal Neoplasms
SMALL CELL MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS
SPINDLE CELL NEOPLASMS
Leiomyosarcoma
Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors
Kaposi Sarcoma
Epithelioid (Polygonal Cell) Neoplasms
EPITHELIOID LEIOMYOSARCOMA
EPITHELIOID MALIGNANT PERIPHERAL NERVE SHEATH TUMORS
MALIGNANT GRANULAR CELL TUMORS
MALIGNANT RHABDOID TUMOR OF THE SKIN
ANGIOSARCOMA
Pleomorphic Malignant Mesenchymal Tumors of the Skin
ATYPICAL FIBROXANTHOMA AND PLEOMORPHIC DERMAL SARCOMA
SUMMARY OF IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL FINDINGS IN MALIGNANT MESENCHYMAL NEOPLASMS OF THE SKIN
Pseudoneoplastic Cutaneous Mesenchymal Proliferations
NODULAR FASCIITIS/POSTTRAUMATIC SPINDLE CELL NODULE
KELOIDS AND HYPERTROPHIC SCARS
INFLAMMATORY PSEUDOTUMORS OF THE SKIN
MALFORMATIONS
LESIONS THAT SIMULATE KAPOSI SARCOMA
POTENTIAL SIMULATORS OF ANGIOSARCOMA
Cutaneous Lymphoid Lesions of the Head and Neck
Melanocytic Proliferations
CONVENTIONAL MELANOCYTIC LESIONS
GIANT CONGENITAL NEVI
BLUE NEVI
NEVI OF OTA AND ITO
DEEP PENETRATING NEVI
SPITZ (SPINDLED AND EPITHELIOID CELL) NEVI
INCOMPLETELY EXCISED NEVI
ARCHITECTURALLY DISORDERED NEVI AND OTHER ATYPICAL MELANOCYTIC PROLIFERATIONS
MALIGNANT MELANOMAS OF THE HEAD AND NECK
Lentiginous Melanoma In Situ and Invasive Lentiginous Melanoma
Desmoplastic-Neuroid Malignant Melanoma
Nevoid Melanomas
15 - Pathology of the Conjunctiva, Orbit, Lacrimal Gland, and Intraocular Tumors
Benign and Malignant Conjunctival Pathology
Section Outline
Normal Histology of the Conjunctiva and Caruncle
Epithelial Lesions of the Conjunctiva
Squamous Papilloma
Immunohistochemistry and In Situ Hybridization
Conjunctival Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Conjunctiva
Mucoepidermoid (Adenosquamous) Carcinoma
Intraepithelial Sebaceous Carcinoma
Subepithelial Conjunctival Lesions
Pinguecula and Pterygium
Pinguecula
Pterygium
Chalazion
Conjunctival Cysts and Choristomas
Conjunctival Inclusion Cysts
Accessory Lacrimal Gland Cysts (Dacryops)
Conjunctival Choristomas
Vascular Lesions
Acquired Lobular Capillary Hemangioma, Pyogenic Granuloma Type
Capillary and Cavernous Hemangioma
Lymphangiectasia and Lymphangioma
Miscellaneous Lesions
Pigmented Lesions of the Conjunctiva
Complexion-Associated Melanosis or Racial Melanosis
Conjunctival Nevi
Primary Acquired Melanosis
Conjunctival Melanoma
Conjunctival Lymphoma
Caruncle Lesions
Oncocytoma
Pathologic Features
Orbital and Lacrimal Gland Pathology
Section Outline
Normal Anatomy and Histology of the Orbit, Lacrimal Gland, and Drainage System
Orbital Inflammatory Lesions
Cellulitis
Thyroid-Related Orbitopathy, Graves Orbitopathy
Idiopathic Orbital Inflammatory Disease (Pseudotumor)
Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease
Sarcoidosis
Orbital Amyloidosis
Other Orbital Pathologies
Orbital Vascular Lesions
Cavernous Hemangioma (Venous Malformation)
Capillary Hemangioma (Infantile Hemangioma)
Lymphangioma (No-Flow Vascular Malformation)
Orbital Tumors
Dermoid Cyst
Soft Tissue Tumors
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Solitary Fibrous Tumor
Orbital Fat Prolapse
Other Tumors
Orbital Lymphoproliferative Lesions
MALT Lymphoma
Follicular Lymphoma
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Other Lymphoproliferative Tumors
Lacrimal Gland and Lacrimal Apparatus
Dacryoadenitis
Dacryocystitis
Lacrimal Gland Tumors
Benign Tumors
Malignant Tumors
Other Tumors
Lacrimal Sac Tumors
Orbital Metastasis
Intraocular Tumors
Normal Eye Histology
Metastatic Tumors
Uveal Malignant Melanoma
Retinoblastoma
Guidelines for the Dissection of Head and Neck Specimens
Index
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
IBC
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