German Children's and Youth Literature in Exile 1933-1950: Biographies and Bibliographies 9783110952858, 9783598115691

Table of contents :
Introduction
Abbreviations
Bio-Bibliographical Entries A–Z
Bibliography of Secondary Literature
Name Index
Title Index

Citation preview

Zlata Fuss Phillips

German Children's and Youth Literature in Exile 1933 -

1950

Biographies and Bibliographies

K G Saur München 2001

Travel funding for the research provided by Austrian Federal Ministry for Science and Research (Vienna) National Endowment for the Humanities (Washington D.C.) International Research & Exchanges Board (Washington D.C.) German Academic Exchange Service (New York) Research supported by School of Information Science and Policy, University at Albany, State University of New York

The photo collages were conceptualized by Erika Weihs, and composed by Bonny Curless at Creative Services, State University of New York at Albany.

Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CIP-Einheitsaufnahme

Phillips, Zlata Fuss German children's and youth literature in exile : 1933 - 1950 ; biographies and bibliographies / Zlata Fuss Phillips. - München : Saur, 2001 ISBN 3-598-11569-5

@

Printed on acid-free paper © 2001 by Κ. G. Saur Verlag GmbH, München All Rights Strictly Reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without permission in writing from the publisher Printed and bound by Strauss Offsetdruck, Mörlenbach Printed in Germany ISBN 3-598-11569-5

CONTENTS Introduction

7

Abbreviations

17

Bio-Bibliographical Entries A-Z

19

Bibliography of Secondary Literature

289

Name Index

295

Title Index

309

INTRODUCTION During the last decade, two exhibitions were organized in Leipzig, Germany, and Vienna, Austria, on the subject of German and Austrian children's and youth literature written, illustrated, and published in exile after 1933.1 They called attention to a body of literature ignored and dismissed as insignificant for decades. The exhibitions and their catalogs 2 made it clear that among German and Austrian emigres who escaped racial and political persecution by Hitler and the National Socialists there are many more authors and illustrators of children's and youth books than was previously known. The books published up to 1950 can still be located in libraries, but there are only fragmentary listings of their authors and illustrators. This handbook is designed to fill the gap by documenting both German and Austrian emigres and their booksfirst and subsequent editions, special editions, abridged editions, and translationswritten and illustrated after 1933 and published by 1950. 3

Historical Background The first record of children's literature written, illustrated, and published in exile dates back to the late 1940s, when F. C. Weiskopf included a chapter entitled "Fürs Kind und für die reifere Jugend" (For the Child and for Youth) in his survey of German literature in exile 1933- 1947. 4 He named twelve authors and a few of their best-known books for children. During the following two decades no significant study on the subject was conducted in either the German Democratic Republic (GDR) or the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG). It ought to be said that select authors and their books written in exile were included in the extensive studies of Socialist children's and youth literature, proletarian and revolutionary literature, and literature of the working class conducted in the GDR. A chapter on antifascist exile literature was included in a discourse on proletarian-revolutionary literature for children and youth,

'"Kinder- und Jugendliteratur im Exil 1933-1950," eine Ausstellung der Sammlung ExilJugendliteratur der Deutschen Bücherei Leipzig, 1. Juni 1995 bis 9. September 1995 (Children's and Juvenile Literature in Exile 1933-1950, an Exhibition of the Exile Literature Collection at the Deutsche Bücherei in Leipzig, June 1 , 1 9 9 5 to September 9 , 1 9 9 5 ) ; "Kleine Verbündete. Vertriebene österreichische Kinder- und Jugendliteratur," eine Ausstellung der Österreichischen Exilbibliothek im Literaturhaus Wien, 5. Dezember 1997 bis 13. Februar 1998 (Little Allies. Austrian Children's and Juvenile Literature in Exile, an Exhibition of the Austrian Archive for Exile Studies in Vienna, December 5, 1997 to February 13, 1998). 2 Kinder- und Jugendliteratur im Exil 1933-1950. Mit einem Anhang Jüdische Kinderund Jugendliteratur in Deutschland 1933-1938. Eine Ausstellung der Sammlung Exil-Literatur der Deutschen Bücherei Leipzig. 2. Auflage (Leipzig/Frankfurt am Main/Berlin: Die Deutsche Bibliothek, 1999); Kleine Verbündete. Vertriebene österreichische Kinder- und Jugendliteratur. Hrsg. von Ursula Seeber mit Alisa Douer und Edith Blaschitz. Übersetzung ins Englische Karin Hanta. Mit Abbildungen (Wien: Picus Verlag, 1998). 3 This literature is called "German" as it denotes the German language and culture rather than German nationality. 4 F. C. Weiskopf, Unter fremden (Berlin: Dietz Verlag, 1948), 100.

Himmeln.

Ein Abriß der deutschen

Literatur

im Exil

1933-1947

Introduction

8

1933-1945, in a book published in 1975 in the GDR, Hansgeorg Meyer's Die deutsche Kinder- und Jugendliteratur 1933 bis 1945.5 A four-volume handbook, the Lexikon der Kinder- und Jugendliteratur,6 produced between 1975 and 1982 at the Institut für Jugendbuchforschung in Frankfurt/M in the FRG, included biographies and book lists of a few individual emigre authors and illustrators, but a chapter on German exile literature was still missing. In 1985, the American scholar Thomas Hansen called for a more exhaustive study of children's and youth literature in exile, comparable to the existing studies of children's literature in the Third Reich. He stressed a need for a complete bibliography of books written in exile.7 In 1989 Dirk Krüger published his doctoral dissertation, submitted at the Bergische Universität in Wuppertal in the FRG, on the subject of children's and youth literature in exile. He dedicated a special chapter to Ruth Rewald, the author of children's and youth books who perished in Auschwitz. Krüger discovered an unpublished manuscript of this forgotten author buried in an East German archive. 8 Another West German contribution, a history of German children's and youth literature from its beginnings to 1990, included Winfred Kaminski's chapter on literature in exile.9 Both Krüger's and Kaminski's studies accelerated the research on the subject and gave an impetus to a more substantial and systematic research during the 1990s. The lack of studies and bibliographies of children's literature was particularly evident in Austria; the research on Austrian authors and illustrators was essentially nonexistent until the early 1990s. The opening of a library for exile literature, the Österreichische Exilbibliothek in 1993 in Vienna, marked a turn for the better. Within the next five years, the library's staff mounted an aggressive campaign to collect data about the lives and work of Austrian emigre authors and illustrators of children's and youth literature. Their effort culminated in the exhibition and publication of the catalog in 1997/98. 10 The catalog documented the lives and work of both the wellknown and the forgotten emigres, reconstructing details by tracing their work in Europe as well as on other continents.

s Hansgeorg Meyer, "Studien 7. Die deutsche Kinder- und Jugendliteratur 1933 bis 1945. Ein Versuch über die Entwicklungslinien," in Studien zur Geschichte der deutschen Kinderund Jugendliteratur. Hrsg. Horst Kunze (Berlin: Der Kinderverlag, 1975), 59-122. 6 Lexikon der KinderVerlag, 1975-1982).

und Jugendliteratur.

Hrsg. Klaus Doderer, 4 Bde. (Weinheim/Basel: Beltz

7

Thomas Hansen, "Emil and the Emigres: German Children's Literature in Exile, 1933-1950," Phaedrus 11 (1985): 6-12. 8 Dirk Krüger, "Die deutsch-jüdische Kinder- und Jugendbuchautorin Ruth Rewald und die Kinderund Jugendliteratur im Exil." Inaugural-Dissertation, Bergische Universität, Wuppertal, 1989.

,

9

Winfred Kaminski, "Exil und Innere Emigration," in Geschichte

Jugendliteratur. l0

der deutschen

Kinder-

und

Hrsg. Reiner Wild (Stuttgart: J.B. Metzlersche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1990), 285-297.

See notes 1 and 2.

Introduction

9

It should be noted that two standard reference books on German exile from 1933 to 1945, the bio-bibliography of German exile literature, compiled by Wilhelm Sternfeld and Eva Tiedemann," and the biographical dictionary of Central European emigres 1933-1945 by Herbert Strauss and Werner Röder, 12 documented the most prominent German and Austrian authors and illustrators of children's and youth books. However, the compilers did not systematically identify these books as such. In fact, if the author also wrote adult literature, they occasionally omitted listing titles of children's books. As a rule, emigre illustrators, many of whom also authored books but may have been better known as illustrators, were excluded. Since illustrators and their illustrations are an integral part of children's and youth literature, missing emigre authors and illustrators had yet to be documented. Present Study The groundwork for the compilation of these biographies and bibliographies was laid in the late 1980s. It was decided to focus on authors and illustrators born before 1918 in Germany, or in the territories of the former Austro-Hungarian Monarchy (AHM) until its breakup in 1918, who wrote, illustrated, and published books for children and youth in exile from 1933 to 1950. Until the National Socialists' rise to power in the 1930s, these authors and illustrators lived and worked in Germany or Austria. Some of them were already published authors of books, while others began contributing their first poems, prose, or illustrations to various German and Austrian newspapers and magazines. Beginning in 1933 they were forced to emigrate because of racial and political persecution. Several authors and illustrators, who were not themselves subject to racial or political persecution, had to leave for the sake of a spouse who was in danger. A few went into self-imposed exile because of the constraints on intellectual freedom in National Socialist Germany. This handbook includes all editions of books for children and youth written and illustrated by these authors and illustrators in exile from 1933 to 1945. Most were published by 1950, taking into consideration the frequent publication delays during WWII and the immediate post-war years. Books written, illustrated, and published between 1945 and 1950 by authors and illustrators who continued to live in exile after 1945 are also included. Excluded are books written and illustrated after 1945 by authors and illustrators who had then returned to East Germany, West Germany, or Austria and were no longer in exile. Books with a publication date later than 1950 are included if their manuscripts were written, or the artwork was created, in exile up to 1950.

"Wilhelm Sternfeld und Eva Tiedemann, Deutsche Bibliographie (Heidelberg: Lambert Schneider, 1962).

Exil-Literatur

1933-1945.

12 International Biographical Dictionary of Central European Emigres, 1933-1945. A. Strauss and Werner Röder, 4 vols. (Munich: Saur, 1980-1983).

Eine

Bio-

Eds. Herbert

10

Introduction

Who were these emigres writing and illustrating books for children in exile? Where did they continue, or begin, writing and illustrating books for children and youth? What kind of books for children and youth did they write? Who published them? From among the one hundred and one emigres represented in this handbook, more than one-half are authors, one-quarter are illustrators, and the rest are authorillustrators. About sixty of these authors and illustrators were already published before exile (e.g. Kurt Held, Oswald Dutch, Ivan Heilbut, Paul Urban, and Hans Alexander Mueller), although less than one-half were known in Germany or Austria for their children's books. Among those already known as authors or illustrators of children's books were Felix Saiten, Lisa Tetzner, Hermynia Zur Mühlen, Walter Trier, and Fritz Kredel. Generally speaking, authors were less successful in establishing their careers in host countries. Many authors wrote no more than two children's books and then stopped writing for children altogether. Language and cultural problems, or insufficient earnings deterred these authors from writing for children again. Only a few of them made careers as authors of children's books in their host countries, such as Ilse Losa in Portugal, or Bettina Ehrlich in the UK. Mira Lobe became a well-known author of children's books in post-WWII Austria and Auguste Lazar in the GDR. Illustrators were more successful. Publishers of children's books, notably in the USA and UK, readily accepted their illustrations and appreciated the influx of graphic artists trained at institutions such as the Kunstgewerbeschule (Arts and Crafts School) in Vienna or the Akademie für graphische Künste und Buchgewerbe (Academy of the Graphic Arts and Arts of the Book) in Leipzig. Emigre illustrators were often encouraged to prepare texts, thus becoming author-illustrators. About forty authors and illustrators out of the one hundred and one settled in the USA, twenty in the UK. The remaining emigres, predominantly authors, emigrated to countries of continental Europe such as Switzerland, the USSR, the CSR, France, Holland, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Belgium, Finland, Poland, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg; countries of Central and South America such as Mexico, Bolivia, Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay; Australia; Canada; China and Palestine/Israel. Most of the emigres remained in their host countries after 1945. Only one-fifth returned to East Germany, West Germany, or Austria after WWII. A few of the books published in exile were published by well-known exile publishers, such as Mezhdunarodnaia kniga and Verlagsgenossenschaft der Ausländischen Arbeiter in der UdSSR, Allert de Lange or Querido in Holland, Free Austrian Books in the UK and L. Β. Fischer in the USA. Most books were published by various children's literature publishers in host countries. The Swiss Sauerländer Verlag was the publisher of the largest number of books listed in this handbook. The books range from cloth books, coloring books, and alphabet and number books for preschoolers to historical novels and biographies of great men and women. They include all types of children's literature, prose and poetry, fiction and nonfiction.

Introduction

11

Included are a large number of picture books - realistic, fantasy, and informational ones; also books about nature-insects, fish, animals; books on how things are made-how sugar is made, how bread is made; books on the history and geography of many different countries; books about different cultures and their customs; and books on the origins of holidays. Common genres among fiction books are adventure stories and detective stories, following the tradition of Erich Kästner's Emil and the Detectives (Emil und die Detektive). There are numerous animal stories with animals taking on human characteristics. Fantasy books and books of traditional fairy tales outnumber books of poetry and plays. Various media and graphic techniques were employed to execute illustrations for the texts, from pictographs to woodcuts, from pen and ink drawings to scratch board illustrations. Eleska (recte Helene Schneider-Kainer) earned great distinction in the USA for her washable and chewable cloth books for children up to the age of four. Amalia Serkin created dolls and sceneries which were photographed and used as illustrations for a series of books published in the UK. Books illustrated by emigre photographers are not included unless the text was written by the artist or another emigre.13 The criteria cited above for the inclusion of authors and illustrators preclude authors and illustrators of the so-called Innere Emigration who continued to live in Germany but were banned from publishing their books, such as Erich Kästner, Georg W. Pijet, Erich Wustmann, and E. O. Plauen. It also precludes the inclusion of authors and illustrators of books for children published by Jewish publishers in Germany between 1933 and 1938. Excluded are several authors of children's books who were forced into exile but who did not write or publish new books for children, such as Grete Berges (Sweden), Georg Fröschel (USA), Waltraud Nicolas (USSR), and Tami Oelfken (France, UK), to name a few, or emigre authors and illustrators such as Alfred Apsler (USA), Rusia Lampel, Lola Landau, Alice Schwarz-Gardos (all in Israel), and Emil Weiss (USA) whose well-known children's books were written, illustrated, and published after 1950. Also missing are authors and illustrators such as Max Tepp, Richard Floethe, Hans Augusto Rey, Hans Tisdall (recte Hans Aufseeser), and Kurt Wiese who left Germany or Austria in the 1920s in search of jobs abroad, and who by 1933 were already gainfully employed in their new countries. Left to this author's discretion is the exclusion of the following authors whose select poems or prose works have been occasionally considered as reading material for children and youth: Alfred Farau, Alexander Moritz Frey, Maria Leitner, Wilhelm Lichtenberg, Anna Seghers, Walter Schönstedt, and Erich Weinert. Elsa Margot Gute Hinzelmann and her books for girls are also excluded because there is no evidence

13 Ylla, i.e. Camilla Koffler, and her books of photographs, published in the USA after 1940 are included, although her text is limited to occasional introductions or descriptions of photographs.

Introduction

12

that she was subjected to racial or political harassment. She lived in Ascona, Switzerland after her marriage to a Swiss citizen in 1935, and continued to publish her books in both Germany and Switzerland. Excluded are authors Fritz von Drieberg (India) and Hermann Paul (USSR), and illustrators Werner Bäsch (Argentina) and Walter Holz (UK) whose lives could not be sufficiently reconstructed to qualify them for inclusion. One living author, Kurt Pahlen (Switzerland), 14 and two illustrators, Bina Gewirtz (Israel)15 and Fritz Wegner (UK),16 had reservations or declined to be included. Biographical and Bibliographical Entries Each entry consists of a biography of the author or illustrator and bibliographical descriptions of his or her books. Biographies were compiled from autobiographical sketches sent by living authors or illustrators, questionnaires answered by surviving relatives or friends, and information found in published memoirs or biographies of authors or illustrators.17 Standard reference books on German exile literature from 1933 to 1945 were also used. These include International Biographical Dictionary of Central European Emigres 1933-1945; Deutsche Exilliteratur seit 1933. Kalifornien; Deutschsprachige Exilliteratur seit 1933. New York; and Renate Wall's Lexikon deutschsprachiger Schriftstellerinnen im Exil 1933-1945. Reference works on authors and illustrators of children's books in the USA and UK, such as Something About the Author; Authors of Books for Young People; Illustrators of Children's Books, 1744-1945; Illustrators of Children's Books, 1946-1956; and The Dictionary of 20th Century British Book Illustrators18 were also useful. Some biographies appear here in print for the first time. Surviving emigres, fellow researchers, archivists, and librarians assisted in compiling biographies from scratch by assuming the role of detectives. They uncovered information about the life in exile of forgotten authors and illustrators about whom no one seemed to know anything beyond the book title. Most biographies, previously compiled and published, were enriched by additional information. Helpful relatives and friends assisted by reporting further details of

14 In a letter to this author dated September 6,1993, Kurt Pahlen writes, "[...] my 36-years activity in South America is not an Exil [...] I was invited to conduct some concerts in Buenos Aires and remained there [...]." 15

In a letter to this author dated February 6, 1998, " [...] I am not in exile and have never been. 1 am simply in my country." 16 In a telephone conversation with this author held on February 4, 1998, Fritz Wegner, whose illustrations for the book Cats and Rosemary were published in 1950, stated that he is not proud of his early work and did not wish to be included. 17

AS referenced in their respective bio-bibliographical entries.

18

See Bibliography of Secondary Literature for full citations.

Introduction

13

interest to researchers, for example, a date and place of death, a birth name, or information about the last wish of the author to destroy all her manuscripts, correspondence, and related archival materials. Ninety percent of the bibliographical entries were compiled by examining books for information found on title pages, title page versos, and in rare cases in bibliographical colophons. An attempt was made to personally examine first and subsequent editions, special editions, abridged editions, and translations published up to 1950. Entries for books unavailable for examination were compiled using national bibliographies such as The National Union Catalog, pre-1956 Imprints (London/Chicago); General Catalogue of Printed Books/British Museum (London); Das Schweizer Buch (Bern); Brinkman's Cumulatieve Catalogus van Boeken (Leiden); Catalogue General des Livres Imprimis de la Bibliotheque Nationale de France (Paris); and other reference handbooks such as Knizhnaia Letopis' (Moskva); Cumulative Book Index (New York); and Index translationum. Repertoire International des Traductions (Paris). Authors and illustrators are listed alphabetically by their names as found on the title pages of the books. In many cases these differ considerably from their birth names. Most often it was impossible to establish when the name change occurred. The inference is that the name change took place with the immigration authorities upon entering a foreign land. If the pseudonym is used uniformly for most books, the author/illustrator is listed under the pseudonym. Occasionally the authors/illustrators' names as they appear in books, and in entry headings, may differ slightly from their real names. For example, the author Elisabeth Castonier has her first name spelled with "z" rather than "s" in all four children's books published in London. The entry headings also include the authors/illustrators' years of birth and death. Occasionally a question mark replaces the year of death indicating the absence of the recorded date. Books are cited in their original language, with transliterations into the Roman alphabet where necessary. The transliteration follows the American Library Association-Library of Congress Romanization Tables. Titles are listed chronologically beginning with the number one (1) within an author or illustrator's entry. First and subsequent editions, translations, special editions, school editions, and revised editions are usually listed chronologically under the same number, followed by a period and an alphabet letter, for example "l.a" in the case of more than one edition of a title. Chronological order is reversed when translations preceded the publication of the German-language original. In that case, the German-language editions are listed first, unless the original manuscript was written in a foreign language, in which case the German edition is listed as a translation. Also multiple editions of the same language translations are chronologically grouped together. Titles of two or more books published by an author or illustrator in the same year are listed alphabetically, unless the information on the month of publication is available. The format of a bibliographical entry conforms to the Library of Congress standards with square brackets used for information found on the verso of the title page and in the

14

Introduction

colophon instead on the recto of the title page, or obtained from another source. Also in square brackets is descriptive information such as "Written and illustrated by," or "Translated by," in the case that names on the title page are not sufficiently qualified. After the title statement, the usual sequence of statements is: (1) author, (2) translator and/or editor, (3) illustrator and/or book designer. For pagination, the last printed number is given. For books with unnumbered pages, the number in square brackets represents the total number of printed and illustrated pages. In bibliographical entries for authors, a brief summary of the plot or the subject of the book is included under the heading "Content." In entries for illustrators, the heading "Illustrations" is used for describing media and graphic techniques used for artistic creations. Deciding on graphic technique involved an element of guesswork because the original artwork, the production material, was in most cases inaccessible. The designation "Location" simply informs the user where the examined copy of a book is held.19 If multiple copies were examined, more than one location may be listed, although the "Location" section is not intended as a definitive listing of locations of copies of the book. Indices The "Name Index" includes authors, translators, editors, writers of introductions, illustrators, book designers, individual book holders, and other emigres listed in the biographies. Bold print is used for the names of authors and illustrators represented in the handbook. The "Title Index" lists the titles of books, which have been bibliographically described, in alphabetical order. Acknowledgments The emigre authors and illustrators and the work documented in this handbook represent a small segment of the several thousand emigre authors and illustrators of all kinds of literature who moved from country to country within Europe and across oceans to reach asylum. It was inevitable that many of them would be forgotten, those who were not well-known before they left their native countries and did not become famous enough in their host countries to establish their literary or artistic legacies. Decades have gone by, and only a few of the emigres born before 1918 are still alive. While many of their books survive, not all are easily accessible. Compilation of the bibliographies may have been impossible for a single researcher without adequate funds to support the project, were it not for assistance of surviving authors and illustrators, relatives and friends of the deceased ones, and numerous librarians, archivists, and other individuals who came to the rescue. My heartfelt gratitude

19 The names of libraries follow the listings in World Guide to Libraries. Peter Schmidt. 15Λ ed. 2 vols. (München: Saur, 2001).

Willemina van der Meer,

Introduction

15

extends to all of the surviving authors and illustrators who readily responded to my questionnaires; to children/grandchildren, other relatives, and friends of the deceased authors and illustrators who took time and great effort to respond to my often repeated queries about the lives and work in exile of their relatives and friends; to all librarians and archivists from national libraries and archives, special libraries, and publishers' archives who posted, faxed, or e-mailed pertinent material from Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, the Czech Republic, Croatia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Holland, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Israel, Italy, Japan, Liechtenstein, Mexico, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, as well as the United States. I am especially thankful to the following individuals for their help and support of this project: Vincent Aceto (State University of New York, Albany); Sylvia Asmus (Die Deutsche Bibliothek: Deutsches Exilarchiv, Frankfurt/M); Ivan Barko (Professor Emeritus, Sydney University, Australia); Marianna Tax Choldin (University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign); Margaret Coughlin (Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.); Dora Csanak (Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest); Yasuko Doi (International Institute for Children's Literature, Osaka, Japan); Philip Eppard (State University of New York, Albany); Susanna Fessler (State University of N e w York, Albany); James Fräser (Fairleigh Dickinson University, Madison, New Jersey); Marie Frederiksen (Danmarks Paedagogiske Bibliotek, K0benhavn); Erica Goth (Goethe Institute, Buenos Aires, Argentina); Thobias Greuter (Sauerländer Verlag, Aarau, Switzerland); Mechthild Hahner (Die Deutsche Bibliothek: Deutsches Exilarchiv, Frankfurt/M); Richard Halsey (Professor Emeritus, State University of N e w York, Albany); Thomas Hansen (Wellesley College, Wellesley, Massachusetts); Sandra Hawrylchak (State University of New York, Albany); Karen Hoyle (University of Minnesota, Minneapolis); Clive Hurst (Bodleian Library at Oxford University, Oxford); Andrea Huwyler-Thomalla (Deutsche Bücherei, Leipzig); Susanne Irving (State University of New York, Albany); Olof Jansson (Fonda, New York); T o v e D. Johansen (Nasjonalbiblioteket, Oslo, Norway); Dorothy G. Knauss (University of Oregon, Eugene); Werner Küffner (Internationale Jugendbibliothek, München); Andreas Linhardt (Technische Universität, Braunschweig); Kurt Löb (Amsterdam, Holland); William H. Loos (Buffalo and Erie County Public Library, Buffalo, N e w York); David Mitchell (State University of New York, Albany); Ute Noyes (Rensselaer, New York); Cecilia Östlund (Svenska barnboksinstitutet, Stockholm); Carola Pohlmann (Staatsbibliothek zu Β erlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz); Cindy Prieto (State University of New York, Albany); Jörg Räuber (Deutsche Bücherei, Leipzig); J. M. Ritchie (Research Centre for German and Austrian Exile Studies, London); Dennis Rohrbaugh (Research Foundation for Jewish Immigration, New York); Verena Rutschmann (Schweizerisches Jugendbuch-Institut, Zürich); Kay Shaffer (State University of New York, Albany); John Spalek (Professor Emeritus, State University of New York, Albany); Lena Törnq vist (Svenska barnboksinstitutet, Stockholm); Igor Toriin (State Library of Ukraine for Children, Kiev); Sharona Wachs (State University of New York, Albany); Erika Weihs (New York, New York); Johanna Wessner

16

Introduction

(Jungbrunnen Verlag, Wien); and Sabine Wolf (Stiftung Archiv der Akademie der Künste, Berlin). Last but not least, I would like to thank a few staunch supporters of this handbook: My mother, Jozefina Fuss, for searching for pertinent books in Croatian libraries; my husband, Forman, and sons, Sergius and Sasha, for the proofreading of sections of the manuscript, for the computer-related technical assistance, and for support given me during the crucial times of this research; and finally my gracious hosts who made the following field research trips possible: Ivo Banac, Yale University Libraries; Konstanze Derikartz, Internationale Jugendbibliothek, München; Vera Kuhn, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin; 2arko and Milena Levak, Harvard University Libraries; and Sergius and Kimberly Phillips, University of Minnesota Libraries. For the photographs displayed on endpapers in the photo-collage, I am indebted to the surviving authors and illustrators, to relatives and friends of the deceased authors and illustrators, and to the following copyright-holding individuals and institutions: Archives at the Indiana University, Bloomington, USA (Oskar Seidlin); Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto, Canada (Walter Trier); Bezirksmuseum Buchen, Germany (Ludwig Schwerin); Βundesarchiν, Berlin, Germany (Herbert Warnke/ Peter Herbert); Die Deutsche Bibliothek: Deutsches Exilarchiv, Frankfurt/M, Germany (Irmgard Keun, Joe Lederer, Erna Pinner); Pryor Dodge, New York, USA (Camilla Koffler/ Ylla); Alisa Douer, Wien, Austria (Fini, Anna Maria Jokl); Fritz-Hüser-Institut für deutsche und ausländische Arbeiterliteratur, Dortmund, Germany (Kurt Kläber/Kurt Held, Bruno Schönlank); Regina Hendrich, Wien, Austria (Mira Lobe); Internationale Jugendbibliothek, München, Germany (Jella Lepman); Jungbrunnen Verlag, Wien, Austria (Friedrich Rosenfeld/Friedrich Feld); Carl Kraus, Innsbruck, Austria (Johannes Troyer); Dirk Krüger, Wuppertal, Germany (Ruth Rewald); Library at the University of Rhode Island, Kingston, USA (Fritz Eichenberg); Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (Bela Baläzs); Literaturarchiv und Bibliothek Monacensia, München, Germany (Erika Mann); Mc Cain Library and Archives at the University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, USA (Frank J. Jupo/Jupo); Müller Rüschlikon Verlags AG, Zug, Switzerland (Sigmund Salzmann/Felix Saiten); Paul F. Cooper, Jr. Archives at Hartwick College, Oneonta, USA (Robert Lohan); Prestel-Verlag, München, Germany (Josef Scharl); Pro Media, Wien, Austria (Hermynia Zur Mühlen); Reading University Library and Archives, Reading, UK (Marie Neurath); Sauerländer Verlag, Aarau, Switzerland (Lisa Tetzner); Schiller-Nationalmuseum und Deutsches Literaturarchiv, Marbach/N, Germany (Elisabeth Castonier, Grete Fischer/Margaret Fisher); Stiftung Archiv der Akademie der Künste, Berlin, Germany (Willi Bredel, Gregor Gog, Lea Grundig, Berta Lask/Gerhard Wieland, Adam Scharrer, Margarete Steffin, Heinrich Vogeler, Grete Weiskopf/Alex Wedding, Friedrich Wolf, Max Zimmering); Strobel Agentur für Primrose Productions, München, Germany (Lotte Koch-Reiniger); and Universitätsarchiv, Universität Leipzig, Germany (Julius E. Lips).

ABBREVIATIONS AHM b. BBC c ca. Co. CSR CSSR d. eds. et al. etc. FBI FRG GDR hrsg. Hrsg. ibid. i.e. Inc. 1. LTD. no. n.d. n.p. passim p. red. sic sost. SOZG s.v. UK USA USOZG USSR vol(s) WWI WWII

= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =

Austro-Hungarian Monarchy born British Broadcasting Corporation copyright circa, around, about Company Czechoslovak Republic Czechoslovak Socialist Republic died editors et alia, and others et cetera, and so forth Federal Bureau of Investigation Federal Republic of Germany German Democratic Republic herausgegeben Herausgeber ibidem, the same id est, that is Incorporated leaves Limited number no date no place, no publisher here and there page redaktor, editor so, thus sostavitel', author, compiler Soviet Occupied Zone of Germany sub verbo, under the word United Kingdom United States of America United States Occupied Zone of Germany Union of Soviet Socialist Republics volume(s) World War I World War II

BIO-BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ENTRIES A-Z

Agi (recte Agi Lamm, 1914-1996) b. June 7,1914, Budapest, AHM; d. August 25,1996, Buenos Aires, Argentina Exile: 1938-1939 France, Bolivia; 1940 Argentina Magdalena Agnes Lamm was born in Budapest, Hungary. The only child of a wealthy landowner, she spent her childhood living on the Hungarian puszta (prairie). In the mid-1920s her family moved to Budapest, where she attended a girls' boarding school for a brief period of time. In the late 1920s she lived with her mother in Belgrade, Yugoslavia, where she took classes in sculpting with Petar Palavicini (1887-1958), a well-known Dalmatian sculptor. In 1930 she enrolled in the Kunstgewerbeschule (Arts and Crafts School) in Vienna. She studied fashion design, and subsequently began working on stage designs and settings in literary cabarets in Vienna. In 1938 she fled Austria for fear of racial harassment. She arrived in Argentina in 1940, via France and Bolivia. In Buenos Aires she launched a successful career as a book illustrator. Under the pseudonym of Agi, she illustrated numerous books for children for various Buenos Aires publishers. Her illustrations for H. C. Andersen's La Sirenita received first prize in the Festival Nacional Infantil in 1945.20 While hailed for her illustrations of children's books,21 she also excelled as a craftsperson. Her wall hangings/tapestries with folk scenes from the Argentine northern provinces, and her stuffed dolls and puppets in native Jujuy costumes became prized objects for collectors of folk art in Argentina and abroad. During the last decade of her life, Agi was struck by Parkinson's disease and was unable to continue her arts and crafts projects. She died on August 25, 1996, in Buenos Aires. Her archival material is held by the Österreichische Exilbibliothek im Literaturhaus (Wien).

Canciones de Navidad 1.

Canciones de Navidad. Recopiladas, armonizadas y transcriptas para piano por Rita Kurzmann Leuchter. [Buenos Aires]: Ricordi, n.d. 40p.

Illustrations: Line drawings and watercolors. Note: Published in 1940 with illustrations by Agi. Location: Österreichische Exilbibliothek im Literaturhaus, Wien.

10

Kleine Verbündete (Wien: Picus Verlag, 1998), 139. No copy of the 1945 edition was located.

21

Susi Hochstimm, an author/illustrator and manager of the layout/print department at the Editorial Abril in Buenos Aires for forty years, described Agi as "[...] the best illustrator of children's books [...] whom I commissioned to create illustrations for my books as well as for books of other authors [...]," in her letters of June 16 and July 5, 1998. The Agi bio-bibliographical entry was compiled with help from Susi Hochstimm and Carlos Francia, Buenos Aires.

22

Agi

Cattciones infantiles 2.

Europeas

Canciones infantiles Europeas. Para piano (con letra). Recopiladas por Rita Kurzmann Leuchter. [Buenos Aires]: Ricordi, n.d. 41p.

Illustrations: Line drawings and watercolors. Note: Published in 1941 with illustrations by Agi. Location: Österreichische Exilbibliothek im Literaturhaus, Wien.

El pequeno 3.

violinista

El pequeno violinista. Rondas, canciones y danzas populäres argentinas arregladas para la ensenanza primaria para violin con acompanamiento de otro violin ο de piano. Por Ljerko Spiller. Ilustraciones de Agi. Elaboration de la parte de piano por Rita Kurzmann Leuchter. Buenos Aires: Ricordi Americana, [1943]. 15p.

Illustrations: Line drawings and watercolors. Location: Österreichische Exilbibliothek im Literaturhaus, Wien.

La

Sirenita22 Italian

4.

La Sirenetta. [By Hans Christian] Andersen. Illustrazioni di Agi. n.p., Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, n.d. [38]p. Illustrations: Line drawings and watercolors. Note: This Italian translation was published in Milano-Verona in 1950.23 The illustrations are noticeably different from the 1963 Argentine edition of the same title. Location: New York Public Library, New York.

Una aventura entre 5.

lasflores

Una aventura entre lasflores. [Written and illustrated] Por Agi. Buenos Aires: Editorial Abril, [cl946]. 87p.

Content: A fantasy story about plants and flowers. Illustrations: Watercolors. Location: Privately owned by Heyde Seibert, Buenos Aires.

22 23

See note 20.

NO records for the book are available at the Arnoldo Mondadori publishing house today. The translator remains anonymous.

Agi

Hansel 6.

y

23

Gretel

Hansely Gretel. [Written by] Grimm. Adaptation de Α. Mar. Ilustraciones de Agi. Buenos Aires: Editorial Abril, [1948]. [24]p. (Coleccion "Cuentos de Abril.")

Illustrations: Line drawings and watercolors. Location: Cecil H. Green Library at Stanford University, Stanford, California. El senor ano tiene cuatro 7.

casitas

El senor ano tiene cuatro casitas. [Written by None]. Ilustraciones de Agi. Buenos Aires: Editorial Abril, [1948]. 12p. (Coleccion "La Ventanita.")

Illustrations: Ink and watercolors. Location: Privately owned by Heyde Seibert, Buenos Aires. Yo soy lafamilia 8.

Qtiiquiriqui

Yo soy la familia Quiquiriqui. [Written and illustrated by] Agi. [Buenos Aires]: Editorial Abril, [cl949]. 8p. (Coleccion "Yo Soy.")

Content: Story of a rooster's family. Illustrations: Ink and watercolors. Location: Privately owned by Heyde Seibert, Buenos Aires. A la ronda, 9.

ronda...

Ala ronda, ronda... [Written by] Gorito. Ilustraciones de Agi. Buenos Aires: Editorial Abril, [1950]. 12p. (Coleccion "La Ventanita.")

Illustrations: Ink with color overlays. Location: Privately owned by Heyde Seibert, Buenos Aires. Los 7 10.

cabritos

Los 7 cabritos. [Written by] Grimm. Ilustraciones de Agi. Buenos Aires: Editorial Abril, [1950]. 24p. (Coleccion "Cuentos de Abril.")

Illustrations: Ink with watercolors. Location: Privately owned by Heyde Seibert, Buenos Aires. Yo soy el 11.

indiecito

Yo soy el indiecito. Texto de Susi. Ilustraciones de Agi. Buenos Aires: Editorial Abril, [cl950]. 8p. (Coleccion "Yo Soy.")

24

Agi

Illustrations: Ink with watercolors. Location: Privately owned by Susi Hochstimm, Buenos Aires.

Yo soy el osito de juguete 12.

Yo soy el osito de juguete. Texto de Susi. Ilustraciones de Agi. Buenos Aires: Editorial Abril, [cl950]. 8p. (Coleccion "Yo Soy.")

Illustrations: Ink with watercolors. Location: Privately owned by Susi Hochstimm, Buenos Aires.

Bela Baläzs (recte Herbert Bauer, 1884-1949) b. August 4,1884, Szeged, AHM; d. May 17,1949, Budapest, Hungary Exile: 1931 USSR; 1945 Hungary While still a high school student in Szeged, Hungary, Herbert Bauer published his first poems in a local newspaper under the pseudonym Bela Baläzs, a pen name he continued to use during his university days in Budapest; in 1913 he made the name change official. In 1919, after the fall of the short-lived Hungarian Soviet Republic, Baläzs left Budapest. He lived in Vienna until 1926, after which he moved to Berlin. In Austria and Germany he worked as a journalist and freelance writer, writing poems, plays, fables, opera librettos, film scripts, and theoretical pieces about film. He also wrote his first books for children: Das richtige Himmelblau. 3 Märchen (Munich, 1925); Das richtige Himmelblau. Der Maschinenknabe und andere neue Geschichten (Berlin-Grunewald, 1931); and Hans Urian geht nach Brot. Eine Kindermärchenkomödie von heute (Freiburg/B, 1929). The last piece was written in collaboration with Lisa Tetzner, an author of children's books in her own right. The work, an agitprop theater text, marked Germany's first socialist play for children. In 1931 Baläzs became a member of the German Communist Party and moved to Moscow to assist in modernizing the motion picture industry in the USSR. Baläzs originally planned a stay of about two years. In 1932 he became a permanent member of the faculty at the Moscow Academy of Film. He decided to stay in the USSR permanently when Hitler came to power in 1933. He lived in Moscow until Hitler declared war on the USSR in June 1941, when he moved to Alma-Ata in the Kazakh Soviet Republic. He produced numerous film scripts, and wrote poetry, plays and other prose works-among them several children's stories-until 1945. Baläzs left the USSR in 1945 and settled in Budapest, where he continued to be a leading figure in the film industry of the Soviet bloc countries. He also translated

Bela Baläzs

25

some of his literary work from German into Hungarian and had it published in Budapest. He died on May 17, 1949, in Budapest. His literary legacy is deposited in the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Budapest).

Karlchen, 1.

durchhalten!

Karlchen, durchhalten! Roman für Kinder. [By] Bela Baläzs. [Die Illustrationen sind dem gleichnamigen Film der Odessaer Filmfabrik (Drehbuch: Bela Baläzs. Regie: Masmonov. Operateur: Slawinski.) entnommen]. Moskau: Verlagsgenossenschaft Ausländischer Arbeiter in der UdSSR, 1936. 140p.

Content: The story, set in Germany, describes an eight-year-old German boy's struggle to rescue his mother, a member of an underground Communist group, from being apprehended by the Storm Troopers. Note: This book is the novelization of the film script written in 1934. Its Russian title was Derzhis Karliusha! The script was filmed in 1935 in the Ukrainfilm Studio in Odessa and released in 1936 under the title Karl Brunner. In addition to the film and the novel, a serialized story was published in the journal Kino (first installment on November 28, 1934), and an adaptation to a stage play was made. Location: Orszägos Szechenyi Könyvtär (National Szechenyi Library), Budapest; Die Deutsche Bibliothek - Deutsche Bücherei, Leipzig; Rossiskaya gosudarstvennaya biblioteka (Russian State Library), Moskva; Rossiskaya natsionalnaya biblioteka (Russian National Library), Sankt Peterburg. Russian l.a

Karl Brunner. [By] Bela Balash. Avtorizovannyi perevod s nemetskogo N. Fridland. Moskva/Leningrad: TSentral'nyi komitet vsesoiuznogo leninskogo kommunisticheskogo soiuza molodezhi-Izdatel'stvo detskoi literatury, 1937. 133p.

Note: No illustrator is named. The style of illustrations suggests two different illustrators. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Rossiskaya gosudarstvennaya biblioteka (Russian State Library), Moskva; Rossiskaya natsionalnaya biblioteka (Russian National Library), Sankt Peterburg. Typescript of stage play l.b

Karl Brunner. Piesa ν 4 aktakh, 10 kartinakh. [By] Bela Balash. Obrabotka N. Trakhtenberga. [Typescipt]. Moskva: Iskusstvo, 1937. 80p.

Note: An identical typescript of the play is dated 1939. Location: Die Deutsche Bibliothek - Deutsche Bücherei, Leipzig.

26

Bela Baläzs

School edition (Russian) l.c

Karl Brunner. [By] Bela Balash. Avtorizovannyi perevod s nemetskogo N. Fridland. [Risunki Iu. Ganfa]. Moskva/Leningrad: TSentral'nyi komitet vsesoiuznogo leninskogo kommunisticheskogo soiuza molodezhi-Izdatel'stvo detskoi literatury, 1938. 135p. (Shkol'naia biblioteka.)

Note: This revised Schoolbook edition had a second printing in 1941.

Location: Die Deutsche Bibliothek - Deutsche Bücherei, Leipzig; Rossiskaya gosudarstvennaya biblioteka (Russian State Library), Moskva; Rossiskaya natsionalnaya biblioteka (Russian National Library), Sankt Peterburg. School edition (Ukrainian) l.d

Karlus' Brunner. [By] Bela Balash. [Pereklad ζ nimets'koi za redaktsiiu M. Pryhary. Maliunky ta obkladynka M. Shtaiermana. Odessa]: Vydavnytstvo dytiachoi literatury, 1939. 148p. (Shkil'na biblioteka.)

Location: Derzhavna biblioteka Ukraini dlya ditei (State Library of Ukraine for Children), Kyiv. Azeri l.e

Karl Brunner. [By] Bela Balash. Baki: Azarbaichan LKGI MK Ushag va Kanchlar Adabiyiaty Nashriyiaty, 1941. 123p.

Note: No translator is named. Location: Rossiskaya gosudarstvennaya biblioteka (Russian State Library), Moskva. Russian edition from Kazakhstan l.f

Druzhba. Rasskazy iz zhizni Karla Brunnera. [By] Bela Balash. Alma-Ata: Kazogiz, 1942. 155p.

Note: This Russian-language edition of the novel Karl Brunner was published during Bela Baläzs' stay in Alma-Ata. Location: Rossiskaya gosudarstvennaya biblioteka (Russian State Library), Moskva. Hungarian l.g

Karcsi kalandjai. Egy nemet gyerek törtenete. [By] Baläzs Bela. [Illustrated by Vidai Brenner. Budapest]: Athenaeum, 1945. 162p.

Location: Orszägos Szechenyi Könyvtär (National Szechenyi Library), Budapest.

Heinrich beginnt den Kampf 2.

Heinrich beginnt den Kampf. Eine Erzählung für Kinder. [By] Bela Balazs. Moskau: Meshdunarodnaja Kniga (Das internationale Buch), [1939], 107p.

Bela Baläzs

27

Content: Adventures of a German proletarian boy in Nazi Germany. Note: First published in Russian-language translation in 1938. This Moscow edition is the only German-language edition. The story was originally written as a film script. The 1938 contract with the Soiuzdetfilm Studio in Moscow to film the Russian version of the story was terminated. In the same year Bela Baläzs' translator and agent, Nadezhda Fridland, prepared the film script for publication as a book and for serialization in a children's journal. In 1945 Bela Baläzs translated the story into Hungarian. The serialization of the story in the newly founded children's journal Uttoro Gyermekujsag in 1946, however, was abruptly cancelled amid protest against printing a story featuring a German protagonist. Location: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus 1, Berlin; Die Deutsche Bibliothek - Deutsche Bücherei, Leipzig; Rossiskaya gosudarstvennaya biblioteka (Russian State Library), Moskva. Russian 2.a

Genrikh nachinaet bor'bu. [By] Bela Balash. Perevod I. M. Barkhasha. Risunki P. Aliakrinskogo. Moskva/Leningrad: TSentral'nyi komitet vsesoiuznogo leninskogo kommunisticheskogo soiuza molodezhi-Izdatel'stvo detskoi literatury, 1938. 86p.

Note: Second edition published in 1941. Location: Rossiskaya gosudarsvennaya biblioteka (Russian State Library), Moskva; Rossiskaya natsionalnaya biblioteka (Russian National Library), Sankt Peterburg. Azeri 2.b

Henrikh mubarizaia bashlaiyr. [By] Bela Balash. [Chevirani: A. Abasov]. Baki: Azarbaichan LKGI MK Ushag va Kanchlar Adabiyiaty Nashriyiaty, 1941.91p.

Note: Azeri translation by Α. Abasov. Most likely illustrated by P. Aliakrinski, although the illustrator is not named. Location: Rossiskaya gosudarstvennaya biblioteka (Russian State Library), Moskva.

Wie aus Karlchen Karl

wurde24

Russian 3.

Karl, gde ty? [By] Bela Balash. Avtorizovannyi perevod s nemetskogo N. Fridland. Risunki V. Ladiagina. Moskva-Leningrad: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel'stvo detskoi literatury, 1941. 167p.

24 The information about this title was found in Joseph Zsuffa, Bela Baläzs, The Man and the Artist (Berkeley/Los Angeles/London: University of California Press, 1987), 272-292.

28

Bela Baläzs

Content: Adventures of Karl, now seventeen years old, in the Spanish Civil War. Note: Originally written as a film script in 1939. Two years after the Soiuzdetfilm Studio in Moscow cancelled the planned production, the Russian-language translation was published as a book for youth. The Hungarian Academy of Sciences holds a manuscript entitled "Karls schwere Zeit" that may be a second sequel to the Karl Brunner story.25 Location: Rossiskaya natsionalnaya biblioteka (Russian National Library), Sankt Peterburg. Hungarian 3.a

Mikor Karcsibol Käroly lett. Egy nemet ifju kalandjai. [By] Baläzs Bela. Budapest: Athenaeum, 1945. 198p.

Note: Bela Baläzs' Hungarian translation. Location: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus 1, Berlin; Orszägos Szechenyi Könyvtär (National Szechenyi Library), Budapest.

Pesn' 4.

vozmezdiia

Pesn' vozmezdiia. [By] Bela Balash. [Perevod A. Naumova], Risunki V. Bekhteeva. Moskva/Leningrad: Narkompros RFSR-Gosudarstvennoe izdatel'stvo detskoi literatury, 1941. 31p.

Content: In the first story, entitled "Vospitanie," a Dutch boy derails a Nazi train; in the second "I nashi gory boriutsia vmeste s nami," a Serbian youth detonates part of a mountain burying a German tank column and himself. Note: Both stories were originally written as scripts for short films. Location: Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

Das goldene 5.

Zelt

Das goldene Zelt. Kasachische Volksepen und Märchen. Aufgezeichnet von Bela Baläzs. Nacherzählt und herausgegeben von Erich Müller. Illustriert von Gerhardt Gossmann. Berlin: Verlag Kultur Fortschritt, 1956. 207p.

Content: Epics and fairy tales of Kazakhstan. Note: Between 1942 and 1945 Bela Baläzs collected folk tales from Kazakhstan. This material was organized, edited, and published posthumously by Erich Müller. Location: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus 1, Berlin.

25 According to the archivist Gabor Toth, who collated Karcsi kalandjai, Mikor Karcsibol Käroly lett, and the manuscript of "Karls schwere Zeit," the manuscript may be a new sequel. Some scraps attached to the manuscript bear the date 1941, and there are some notes in the Kazakh language.

Jan Β. Balet

29

Jan Β. Balet (*1913) b. July 20,1913, Bremen, Germany Exile: 1938 USA; 1965 FRG; 1973 France, Switzerland Born in Bremen to a German mother and Dutch-French father, Jan Bernard Balet showed talent for drawing as a young boy. He was educated in Munich and Berlin. To supplement his education, he traveled widely in southern and southeastern Europe before coming to the USA in 1938. In protest against Hitler and the Nazis, he decided to stay in the USA. He settled in New York City and eventually became an American citizen. Balet worked in advertising, producing advertisements for department stores, but also worked as an illustrator, contributing his illustrations to several magazines. Eventually he became art director of the magazines Mademoiselle and Seventeen. A painter as well as an illustrator, his distinct style was mostly inspired by primitive folk art. In 1947 Balet wrote and illustrated a children's story, Amos and the Moon, intending it as a Christmas present for his son. This story was published and brought Balet the Distinctive Merit Award from the Art Directors Club, the first of many awards he would receive in this country and abroad for authoring and illustrating children's books. His book Rumplestiltskin (New York: Rand McNally) was distinguished as among the best illustrated books for the year 1955 by The New York Times. Balet wrote and illustrated numerous children's books, in addition to illustrating books for other authors. Since 1965 Jan Balet has been living in Europe. He lived from 1965 to 1973 in the Federal Republic of Germany, spent several subsequent years in France, and settled in Switzerland "to devote my whole time to paint[ing] and to the graphic arts." 26 Balet is a well-known collector of toys and primitive art objects.

Amos and the Moon 1.

Amos and the Moon. Story and Pictures by Jan B. Balet. New York: Oxford University Press, 1948. [22]p.

Content: The morning after the moon visits little Amos in his room, he goes to ten store keepers in a city street in search of it. Illustrations: Pencil and watercolors. Note: Dedicated "To Sally and Giff and their many children." Published in 1959 by Η. Z. Walck in New York. Location: University Libraries at University at Albany, State University of New York.

26

In a letter dated January 18, 1998.

30

Jan Β. Balet

Ned and Ed and the Lion 2.

Ned and Ed and the Lion. Story and Pictures by Jan B. Balet. New York: Oxford University Press, 1949. [26]p.

Content: A merry-go-round lion whom twin brothers Ned and Ed are riding comes to life. He takes them to his jungle for an adventurous visit and, after bringing the boys back to their grandfather, decides on the grandfather's advice to return to his jungle. Illustrations: Pencil and watercolors. Location: Ε. H. Butler Library at State University of New York College at Buffalo.

BETTINA (recte Bettina Ehrlich, 1903-1985) b. March 19,1903, Vienna, AHM; d. October 10,1985, London, UK Exile: 1938 UK Bettina Bauer was born in Vienna on March 19, 1903. She studied at the Kunstgewerbeschule (Arts and Crafts School) in Vienna, and later in Berlin and Paris. She excelled as a hand printer of textiles, in addition to being a painter, etcher, lithographer, industrial designer, and writer and illustrator of children's books. Bettina began to write and illustrate stories as a young girl. While experimenting with textiles in the 1930s, she hand printed two children's books held today by the Austrian Print Room in the Museum Albertina in Vienna. Fearing racial persecution in 1938, Bettina and her husband, the sculptor Georg Ehrlich, fled Austria. They settled in London where the publisher Chatto and Windus published her first children's book in English in 1943. Other books soon followed, and her reputation as one of the premier authors and illustrators of children's books in the English-speaking world was established. She created both the text and illustrations for most of her books published before and after 1950. From 1947 to 1948 the Ehrlichs lived in the USA, where Bettina completed the production papers for the sequels of books about Cocolo, the donkey who wore a straw hat. The island of Grado, located on the northern coast of the Adriatic Sea, where Bettina has spent summers since her childhood, has inspired some of her best work. The Ehrlichs continued to visit annually Grado and Vienna while maintaining a permanent home in London. After the death of her husband in 1966, Bettina produced fewer and fewer children's books. She organized her husband's artistic estate and turned to painting on Japanese paper and silk. Several exhibitions of her paintings were prepared in London and Vienna, some of them benefiting various humanitarian causes.

Bettina

31

Bettina died in London on October 10, 1985. Her artistic legacy is in private possession in Vienna.27

Show Me Yours 1.

Show Me Yours. A Little Paintbook. By Bettina and what is YOUR name? London: Chatto & Windus, [1943]. [20]p.

Content: Paintbook. Illustrations: Crayon. Location: Die Deutsche Bibliothek - Deutsche Bücherei, Leipzig.

Poo-Tsee, the 2.

Water-Tortoise

Poo-Tsee, the Water-Tortoise. By Bettina. London: Chatto & Windus, [1943]. [32]p.

Content: Young Jack and Mary release their two tortoises into the sea after much adventure. Illustrations: Grey wash and watercolors. Location: Die Deutsche Bibliothek - Deutsche Bücherei, Leipzig.

Carmello 3.

Carmello. By Bettina. London: Chatto & Windus, 1945. 30p.

Content: This is the story of a friendship between two little girls, Marina and Babetta, and the poor one-eyed fisherman Carmello. Illustrations: Grey wash. Location: Die Deutsche Bibliothek - Deutsche Bücherei, Leipzig.

Cocolo 4.

Cocolo. By Bettina. London: Chatto & Windus, [1945]. [32]p.

Content: The donkey Cocolo, from a small island, is sold to entertain a rich girl in a large port town. Cocolo gets homesick, runs away from the port town, and returns to his island. Illustrations: Grey wash and watercolors. Location: Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 4.a

Cocolo. By Bettina. New York: Harper & Brothers, [cl945]. [32]p.

27

Elizabeth de Gelsey, Vienna, Austria.

32

Bettina

Note: This American edition is identical in text and illustrations to the British edition. Published in 1948, this book was named an honor book of the Horn Book in 1949. On the back flap of the dustwrapper, there is the following notice: 1 "... [Bettina] was working on this book during the fire raids of 1944 in London, and she says that the manuscript and pictures spent every night in an air-raid shelter, although she herself didn't." Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Cocolo Comes to America 5.

Cocolo Comes to America. By Bettina. New York: Harper & Brothers, [cl949]. [32]p.

Content: In this sequel to Cocolo, the war breaks out in Cocolo's country. Cocolo and his master Lucio travel to America, where they share many adventures and earn much money. Illustrations: Grey wash and watercolors. Note: There is a special edition published by Ε. M. Hale and Company in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, by arrangement with Harper & Brothers. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Special edition at University Libraries at University at Albany, State University of New York.

Cocolo's Home 6.

Cocolo's Home. By Bettina. New York: Harper & Brothers, [cl950], [32]p.

Content: The donkey Cocolo finds a wife and permanent home in a village on the Atlantic coast, where he lives happily ever after. Illustrations: Grey wash and watercolors. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Bertolt Brecht (1898-1956) b. February 10,1898, Augsburg, Germany; d. August 14,1956, Berlin, GDR Exile: 1933 CSR, Austria, Switzerland, France, Denmark; 1939 Sweden; 1940 Finland; 1941 USA; 1947 Switzerland, GDR Bertolt Brecht-baptized Eugen Berthold Friedrich Brecht-was born to a middle-class family in Augsburg. He attended schools in Augsburg until 1917 when he enrolled at the University of Munich as a medical student. Within weeks he was drafted into the German army to serve his country during WWI and worked as a medical orderly in a military hospital. In 1919 Brecht resumed his studies in Munich shifting from medicine to literature, philosophy, and the dramatic arts. He also became a drama critic for Augsburg newspapers, frequented political cabarets in Munich, and wrote

Bertolt Brecht

33

poetry and plays. He often sang his verses at social gatherings of friends, accompanying himself on the guitar. In 1924 he moved to Berlin and began to participate in theatrical productions on Berlin stages. He wrote plays and collaborated occasionally with famous stage directors and producers Max Reinhardt (1873-1943) and Erwin Piscator (1893-1966). In the late 1920s his satirical musical, Die Dreigroschenoper (1928), with music by Kurt Weill, became an instant success. He studied Marxism on which he based his theory of the epic theater. By the year 1930 he formulated the theatrical concept of Verfremdung, the so-called V-Effekt (alienation effect). He continued to write and produce numerous didactic pieces (Lehrstücke), highlighting paradoxes of political struggle and the struggle among classes. On Hitler's blacklist after 1923, Brecht left Germany in 1933. After a brief sojourn in CSR, Austria, Switzerland, and France, he settled in Denmark near the town of Svendborg. His home became a meeting place for antifascist artists and journalists. Several of his well-known plays were conceived and written in Denmark, such as Mutter Courage und ihre Kinder (1939). He wrote numerous poems reflecting on the extraordinary political reality of that time. Divided into several cycles, these poems were published under the title Svendborger Gedichte (1939). Fleeing Denmark in 1939, he lived in Sweden and Finland before he traveled via Moscow and Vladivostok to the USA in 1941. He settled in California and continued to create theatrical masterpieces, among them Der kaukasische Kreidekreis (1944). In 1947, shortly after his appearance before the House Committee on Un-American Activities, that investigated the issue of subversion in Hollywood, Brecht returned to Europe. First he lived in Herrliberg, overlooking Zurich Lake in Switzerland, then moved to East Berlin. He founded a theatrical company, the Berliner Ensemble, that became a premier theatrical institution under his guidance. During this last period of his life, he wrote several theoretical works, among them Kleines Organon für das Theater (1949), and more poetry. The book, Buckower Elegien (1954), includes poems written in this period. During the 1920s, as well as during his exile from 1933 to 1947, and after his return to East Berlin, Brecht contributed several literary works, mainly poems, to the literature for children and youth. In the post-war years these poems, written in the style of simple folk poetry, were included in school books and anthologies for youth as examples of the extraordinary musical mastery of the German language. Brecht also took an active part in promoting the cultural education of young Germans. He gave poetry readings for children and youth, and helped guide theater performances for juvenile audiences. Brecht died in 1956 in East Berlin. The Bertolt-Brecht-Archiv is located at the Stiftung Archiv der Akademie der Künste (Berlin).

34

Bertolt Brecht

Kinderlieder 1.

"Kinderlieder." [By] Bertolt Brecht. In Svendborger Malik-Verlag, 1939, pp. 18-21.

Gedichte. London:

Content: The following six poems are included: "Ulm 1592," "Vom Kind, das sich nicht waschen wollte," "Kleines Bettellied," "Der Pflaumenbaum," "Mein Bruder war ein Flieger," and "Der Gottseibeiuns." Location: Smith College Libraries, Northampton, Massachusetts.

Alfabet 1934 2.

Alfabet 1934. [By] Bertolt Brecht. Linolschnitte Klasse 6a. [Berlin]: 10. POS Weidensee, 1970. [26]p.

Content: A poem. Note: Written in exile 1934; this is one of three copies. Location: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus 1, Berlin.

Oer verwundete 3.

Sokrates

Der verwundete Sokrates. [By] Bertolt Brecht. Illustrationen von Frans Haacken. Berlin/Dresden: Kinderbuchverlag, 1949. 26p.

Content: A short story of how Socrates' bravery made the Greeks victorious in the battle at Delion. Note: Written in exile 1938. Location: Die Deutsche Bibliothek - Deutsche Bücherei, Leipzig.

Wenn die Haifische Menschen 4.

wären

"Wenn die Haifische Menschen wären." [By] Bertolt Brecht. In Kalendergeschichten. Berlin: Gebrüder Weiss, [cl949],pp. 176-179.

Content: A parabel/fable about nice things little fish would enjoy if sharks were men. Note: Written in 1940. Location: University Libraries at University at Albany, State University of New York.

Kinderkreuzzug 5.

1939

"Kinderkreuzzug 1939." [By] Bertolt Brecht. The German American (New York) 1, no. 8 (1942): 8-9.

Willi Bredel

35

Content: A poem. Note: Written in November 1941. Location: Bertolt-Brecht-Archiv at Stiftung Archiv der Akademie der Künste, Berlin.

Willi Bredel (1901-1964) b. May 2,1901, Hamburg, Germany; d. October 27,1964, Schwerin, GDR Exile: 1934 CSR, USSR; 1937 Spain, France; 1939 USSR; 1945 SOZG Willi Bredel was born on May 2, 1901 in Hamburg, Germany. He was later trained as a machinist and was a dock worker. Politically active at an early age, he became a member of the German Communist Party in 1919. Jailed from 1923 to 1925 for his political activities, he worked as a sailor and machinist after his release. He also was a correspondent and an editor of the newspaper Hamburger Volkszeitung. In the late 1920s he began writing fiction. From 1933 to 1934 Willi Bredel was a prisoner in a Nazi concentration camp. In 1934 he fled to Czechoslovakia where he wrote the manuscript for the novel Die Prüfung. Die Prüfung, which describes his experience in the Nazi concentration camp, became popular reading, especially among the youth in the USSR where Bredel moved at the end of 1934. In Moscow he wrote several political novels and became co-editor of the journal Das Wort. From 1937 to 1939 he fought in the Spanish Civil War as a member of the Thälmann Battalion in the 11th International Brigade. He then lived in Paris, where he founded an exile publishing house. Upon his return to Moscow in 1939, he brought with him two manuscripts, one of which was published in 1940 as Der Kommissar am Rhein: Historische Erzählungen. By late 1942 he was on the front at Stalingrad fighting on the Soviet side. Manuscripts of books Bredel wrote during his second stay in Moscow were published after his return to the Soviet Occupied Zone of Germany in 1945. Willi Bredel lived in Berlin and was a leading figure in the cultural restoration of the German Democratic Republic. He died in Schwerin/Mecklenburg on October 27, 1964. His literary legacy is deposited at the Stiftung Akademie der Künste (Berlin).

Die Vitalienbrüder 1.

Die Vitalienbrüder. Ein historischer Roman für die Jugend. [By] Willi Bredel. Illustriert von Herbert Bartholomäus. Schwerin: Petermänken-Verlag, [1950], 218p.

36

Willi Bredel

Content: This historical novel describes the encounter between guilds and patricians in the German Hansa cities in the fourteenth century, as reflected in the rise and fall of the sea pirate Klaus Störtebeker. Note: The manuscript was completed in Moscow in 1940 and is a result of Bredel's reading the chronicles of German cities in the Lenin Library at the time. Location: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus 1, Berlin. 1.a

Die Vitalien Brüder. Ein historischer Roman für die Jugend. [By] Willi Bredel. [Ausstattung und Zeichnungen von Herbert Bartholomäus], Berlin: Büchergilde Gutenberg, 1950. 220p.

Note: This edition was published by arrangement with the Petermänken-Verlag for the Federal Republic of Germany. Location: Lockwood Memorial Library at State University of New York at Buffalo.

Peters 2.

Lehrjahre

Peters Lehrjahre. [By] Willi Bredel. [Herausgegeben von Gotthard Erler. Mit einem Geleitwort von Egon Schmidt. Illustrationen von Volker Pfüller] .Berlin: Kinderbuchverlag, [1976]. 153p.

Content: Peter, a young worker from Bremen and a Hitler youth, becomes an antifascist fighter. Note: Published posthumously, the manuscript was completed in 1942 in Moscow. Location: Die Deutsche Bibliothek, Frankfurt/M.

Rafaello Busoni (1900-1962) b. February 1,1900, Berlin, Germany; d. March 28,1962, New York, USA Exile: 1939 Sweden, USA Born in Berlin to a family of renowned musicians, Rafaello Busoni spent his childhood traveling and accompanying his pianist father on concert tours. He studied fine arts in Switzerland where he lived during WWI. A budding painter, Busoni's first one-man show took place in 1916 in Zurich. In 1922 and 1923 he illustrated two books, Bible and Song of Solomon (Berlin), but did not return to the art of book illustration until almost two decades later in the USA. In 1939, fearing for the safety of his Jewish wife in Germany and abhorred by the reign of terror of the Nazis, Busoni took his family to Sweden. They emigrated to the USA in the same year. His first children's book, South Africa and the Congo, was written and illustrated for his young son Mario. Subsequently he illustrated over one hundred children's books, applying the graphic techniques of woodcut, lithography, etching, and direct drawing.

Rafaello Busoni

37

From 1948 on, he worked for the Audio-Video Filmstrips company creating drawings on a variety of subjects for use in schools. He illustrated trade books and textbooks and was a recognized authority on book illustration. Although he wrote and illustrated books for adults, his illustrations for children's books remain his greatest artistic achievement. Rafaello Busoni died on March 28, 1962, in New York. His books for children and some production papers are part of the Children's Literature Research Collection in the Walter Library at the University of Minnesota (Minneapolis).

South Africa and the Congo 1.

South Africa and the Congo. Written and illustrated by Rafaello Busoni. London/Toronto/Melbourne/Sydney: Cassell and Company Ltd., [1939]. 28p. (Lands and People, 2.)

Content: History and geography of South Africa and the Congo. Illustrations: Lithographs. Location: Northwestern University Library, Evanston, Illinois.

Gingerbread Boy 2.

Gingerbread Boy. Musical Radio Script. Words by Madge Tucker "The Lady Next Door," music by Molly Donaldson with pictures by Rafaello Busoni. New York: Musette Publishers, [cl940], 23p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink and watercolors. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Shadow over Winding Ranch 3.

Shadow over Winding Ranch. By Sarah Lindsay Schmidt. Illustrations by Rafaello Busoni. New York: The Junior Literary Guild and Random House, [cl940].298p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink. Note: Published simultaneously by the Macmillan Company of Canada. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Dick Whittington and His Cat 4.

Dick Whittington and His Cat. [Folktale. Illustrated by Rafaello Busoni]. New York: Grosset & Dunlap Publishers, [cl941], 18p.

Illustrations: Engravings and watercolors. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

38

Rafaello Busoni

Lord Baden-Powell of the Boy Scouts 5.

Lord Baden-Powell of the Boy Scouts. [By] Howard Fast. Illustrations by Rafaello Busoni. New York: Julian Messner, Inc., [cl941], 214p.

Illustrations: Brush, pen and ink. Location: University Libraries at University at Albany, State University of New York.

The Romance of a People 6.

The Romance of a People. By Howard Fast. Illustrations by Rafaello Busoni. New York: Hebrew Publishing Company, [cl941]. 238p.

Illustrations: Brush, pen and ink. Note: This book was designed by Helen Hoke. Location: Frank Mellville Jr. Memorial Library at State University of New York at Stony Brook.

Saludl A South American Journal 7.

Salud! A South American Journal. [By] Margaret Culkin Banning with drawings by Rafaello Busoni. New York/London: Harper & Brothers Publishers, [cl941], 372p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink. Location: James M. Milne Library at State University of New York, College at Oneonta.

The Spear of Ulysses 8.

The Spear of Ulysses. By Alison Baigrie Alessios. Illustrated by Rafaello Busoni. New York/Toronto: Longmans, Green and Co., 1941. 213p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink and watercolors. Location: James M. Milne Library at State University of New York, College at Oneonta.

Walt Whitman 9.

Walt Whitman. By Babette Deutsch. Illustrated by Rafaello Busoni. New York: Julian Messner, Inc., [cl941]. 277p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Rafaello Busoni

39

Australia 10.

Australia. [Written and illustrated] By Rafaello Busoni. [New York]: Holiday House, [cl942]. 25p.

Content: History and geography of the Australian continent. Illustrations: Lithographs. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minnepolis.

The Dragonship 11.

The Dragonship. A Story of the Vikings in America. Told by William S. Resnick and illustrated by Rafaello Busoni. New York: Coward-McCann, Inc., 1942.212p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink, watercolors, and etchings. Note: The author, William Resnick, writes in the Preface: "When Mr. Busoni first heard the factual story of Snurri, the first white child born in America, he sketched for the amusement of his friends several delightful drawings portraying his conception of the event. These drawings served as the inspiration and driving force behind the writing of The Dragonship." Published simultaneously by Longmans, Green & Company, Toronto, Canada. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Francisco and Elizabeth 12.

Francisco and Elizabeth. By Ivan Heilbut. Illustrated by R. Busoni. New York: Pantheon Editions, 1942. 23p.

Illustrations: Brush, pen and ink. Location: Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

Johann Sebastian Bach 13.

Johann Sebastian Bach. By Harriet Bunn. Illustrated by Rafaello Busoni. New York: Random House, [cl942], 56p.

Illustrations: Etchings and watercolors. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

The Mayos 14.

The Mayos. Pioneers in Medicine. [By] Adolph Regli. Illustrated by Rafaello Busoni. New York: Julian Messner, Inc., [cl942], 248p.

40

Rafaello Busoni

Illustrations: Pen and ink. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

The Mediterranean 15.

Saga of a Sea

The Mediterranean Saga of a Sea. By Emil Ludwig. Translated from the German by Barrows Mussey. Pictures by Rafaello Busoni. New York/London: Whittlesey House, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., [cl942], 635p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Mexico and the Inca Lands 16.

Mexico and the Inca Lands. [Written and illustrated] By Rafaello Busoni. [New York]: Holiday House, [cl942]. 27p. (Lands and Peoples Volumes.)

Content: History and geography of Central and South America. Illustrations: Lithographs. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Sandalio Goes to Town 17.

Sandalio Goes to Town. By Katherine Pollock with illustrations by Rafaello Busoni. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1942. 144p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink. Location: Ε. H. Butler Library at State University of New York College at Buffalo.

The Tall Hunter 18.

The Tall Hunter. [By] Howard Fast. Pictures by Rafaello Busoni. New York/ London: Harper & Brothers, [cl942], 103p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Tidewater 19.

Tales

Tidewater Tales. [By] AnneLittlefieldLocklin. Illustrated by Rafaello Busoni. New York: The Viking Press, 1942. 222p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink. Note: Published on the same day by the Macmillan Company of Canada. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Rafaello Busoni

41

Wings for Nikias 20.

Wings for Nikias. A Story of the Greece of Today. By Josephine Blackstock. Drawings by Rafaello Busoni. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, [cl942], 181p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink. Note: Foreword written by Cimon Diamantopoulos, a Greek minister. There is a special edition published in the same year by Ε. M. Hale, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, in the series Cadmus Books. Location: Mount Vernon Public Library, Mount Vernon, New York.

The Dutch East Indies and the Philippines 21.

The Dutch East Indies and the Philippines. By Cateau de Leeuw. Illustrations by Rafaello Busoni. [New York]: Holiday House, [cl943]. 25p.

Illustrations: Watercolors. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Goethals and the Panama Canal 22.

Goethals and the Panama Canal. By Howard Fast. Illustrated by Rafaello Busoni. New York: Julian Messner, Inc., 1943. 230p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Pegs of History 23.

Pegs of History. A Picture Book of World Dates. Text by Helen Dean Fish. Drawings by Rafaello Busoni. New York/Philadelphia: Frederick A. Stokes Company, 1943. 44p.

Illustrations: Etchings. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Russia 24.

Russia. [By] Vernon Ives. Illustrations by Rafaello Busoni. [New York]: Holiday House, [cl943]. 25p. (Lands and Peoples Volumes.)

Illustrations: Watercolors. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

42

Rafaello Busoni

Ship's Dog 25.

Ship's Dog. [By] Robin Palmer. Illustrated by Rafaello Busoni. New York: Grosset & Dunlap, [cl943]. 28p. (A Story Parade Picture Book.)

Illustrations: Pen and ink. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Somi Builds a Church 26.

Somi Builds a Church. A Story from Lapland. Written and illustrated by Rafaello Busoni. New York: The Viking Press, 1943. 108p.

Content: Based on a true story, this is a tale of how a group of Mountain Lapps, living at the northern tip of Norway, built a church in a land where there are no trees. Illustrations: Pen and ink. Note: This book is dedicated "To Helmi Sjöstrand." Published on the same day by the Macmillan Company of Canada. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. 26.a

Somi Builds a Church. A Story from Lapland. Written and illustrated by Rafaello Busoni. London: Frederick Muller Ltd. 29 Great James Street, W. C. I., [1948]. 106p.

Note: The text and drawings are identical to the 1943 Viking edition. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Chancho 27.

Chancho. A Boy and his Pig in Peru. By Β. Sutherland Stark. Illustrations by Rafaello Busoni. New York: The Junior Library Guild and Julian Messner, Inc., [cl944]. 224p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink. Location: Albert S. Cook Library at Towson State University, Towson, Maryland.

China 28.

China. By Cornelia Spencer. Illustrated by Rafaello Busoni. [New York]: Holiday House, [cl944], 25p.

Illustrations: Watercolors. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Rafaello Busoni

Forward, 29.

43

Commandos!

Forward, Commandos! [By] Margery Bianco. Illustrated by Rafaello Busoni. New York: The Viking Press, 1944. 184p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink with green overlays. Note: Published on the same day by the Macmillan Company of Canada. Location: New York State Library, Albany.

India 30.

India. By Hilda Wierum Boulter. Illustrated by Rafaello Busoni. [New York]: Holiday House, [cl944], 25p.

Illustrations: Lithographs. Location: Walter Library of the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Island on the Beam 31.

Island on the Beam. [A Story of Malta], [By] Josephine Blackstock. [Illustrated by Rafaello Busoni], New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, [cl944], 221p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink. Note: Illustrator's name is printed on the dustjacket only. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

The Lavender Cat 32.

The Lavender Cat. [By] Janette Sebring Lowrey. Pictures by Rafaello Busoni. New York/London: Harper & Brothers, Publishers, [cl944], 180p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Sasha and the Samovar 33.

Sasha and the Samovar. [By] Lorraine and Jerrold Beim. Pictures by Rafaello Busoni. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, [cl944], 62p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink, and Conti-crayon. Location: Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

44

Rafaello Busoni

Stanley's Africa 34.

Stanley's Africa. Written and illustrated by Rafaello Busoni. New York: The Viking Press, 1944. 288p.

Content: Biography of Henry Morton Stanley, a controversial reporter and explorer of the African continent. Illustrations: Pen and ink. Note: Dedicated: "To Charles and Ruby Hewitt." Published on the same day by the Macmillan Company of Canada. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. German 34.a

Stanley in Afrika. Illustrationen vom Verfasser. Zürich: Büchergilde Gutenberg, 1949. 267p.

Note: This book is Rafaello Busoni's translation into German. Illustrations are identical to the 1944 Viking Press edition. Location: Die Deutsche Bibliothek: Deutsches Exilarchiv, Frankfurt/M. Hebrew 34.b

Harpatke'ot Stanli be-Afrikah. [Written and illustrated by] Refa'el Buzoni. Tirgem me-anglit Barukh Krupnik- Tel-Aviv: Yosef Sreberk, [n.d.]. 178p.

Note: Dedicated to: "Edgar, Fanyah Riberg." There are fewer illustrations. Location: Walter Library of the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Clorinda of Cherry Lane Farm 35.

Clorinda of Cherry Lane Farm. By Caroline R. Stone. [Profusely illustrated by Rafaello Busoni]. New York: Liveright Publishing Corporation, [cl945]. 214p.

Illustrations: Brush, pen and ink. Note: The illustrator is listed on the front flap of the dustjacket only. Location: Boston Public Library, Boston, Massachusetts.

Johnny and His Wonderful Bed 36.

Johnny and His Wonderful Bed. By Elisabeth Townsend. Illustrated by Rafaello Busoni. New York: Stephen Daye, [cl945], 55p.

Illustrations: Etchings. Location: Saint Mary-of-the-Woods College Library, Saint Mary-of-the-Woods, Indiana.

Rafaello Busoni

45

Oceania 37.

Oceania [Hawaii, New Zealand and the South Pacific]. By Charles A. Borden. Illustrated by Rafaello Busoni. [New York]: Holiday House, [cl945]. 25p. (Lands and Peoples Volumes.)

Illustrations: Watercolors. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

The Stars Came Down 38.

The Stars Came Down. By Regina J. Woody. Pictures by Rafaello Busoni. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, [cl945]. [59]p.

Illustrations: Etchings and watercolors. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Turkey 39.

Turkey. [By] Vernon Ives. Illustrated by Rafaello Busoni. [New York]: Holiday House, [cl945]. 25p.

Illustrations: Watercolors. Location: New York State Library, Albany.

British Isles 40.

British Isles. By William Sloane. Illustrated by Rafaello Busoni. [New York]: Holiday House, [c!946], 24p.

Illustrations: Watercolors. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Palestine 41.

Palestine. By Paul V. Falkenberg. Illustrated by Rafaello Busoni. [New York]: Holiday House, [cl946]. 25p. (Lands and Peoples Volumes.)

Illustrations: Watercolors. Location: James M. Milne Library at State University of New York, College at Oneonta.

Rommany Luck 42.

Rommany Luck. By Patricia Gordon. Illustrated by Rafaello Busoni. New York: The Viking Press, 1946. 206p.

Rafaello Busoni

46

Illustrations: Pen and ink. Note: Published on the same day by the Macmillan Company of Canada. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Skookum 43.

Skookum. By Eva Knox Evans. Illustrated by Rafaello Busoni. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, [cl946]. 78p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink. Location: Joyner Library at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina. France 44.

France. [By] Robert Davis. Illustrated by Rafaello Busoni. [New York]: Holiday House, [cl947]. 24p. (Lands and Peoples Volumes.)

Illustrations: Watercolors. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Jesus, Son of 45.

Mary

Jesus, Son of Mary. By Fulton John Sheen. Illustrated by Rafaello Busoni. [New York]: D. X. McMullen Co., 1947. 42p.

Illustrations: Etchings. Location: Neil Hellman Library at College of Saint Rose, Albany, New York. Mark, 46.

Mark,

Shut the

Door!

Mark, Mark, Shut the Door! [By] Quail Hawkins. Illustrated by Rafaello Busoni. [New York]: Holiday House, [cl947]. [28]p. ("Beginning to Read" Books.)

Illustrations: Watercolors. Location: Boston Public Library, Boston, Massachusetts. Gregori's 47.

Lamb

Gregori's Lamb. [By] Lorraine and Jerrold Beim. Illustrated by Rafaello Busoni. Akron, Ohio/New York: The Saalfield Publishing Company, [cl948]. 92p.

Illustrations: Etchings. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Rafaello Busoni

47

It Took Courage 48.

It Took Courage. Tales of Adventurous Discovery. Β y Stanley Rogers. Charts by Rafaello Busoni. New York: Holiday House, [cl948]. 268p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink. Location: Neil Hellman Library at College of Saint Rose, Albany, New York.

Japan 49.

Japan. By Cornelia Spencer. Illustrated by Rafaello Busoni. [New York]: Holiday House, [cl948]. 24p. (Lands and Peoples Volumes.)

Illustrations: Watercolors. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Robin Hood's Arrow 50.

Robin Hood's Arrow. [By] Eugenia Stone. Illustrations by Rafaello Busoni. Chicago/New York/Toronto: Wilcox & Follett Co., [cl948], 161p.

Illustrations: Etchings and some calligraphy. Book and binding design was created by Stanford W. Williamson. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Scandinavia 51.

Scandinavia. By Edwin Ben Evans. Illustrated by Rafaello Busoni. [New York]: Holiday House, [cl948]. 24p. (Lands and Peoples Volumes.)

Illustrations: Watercolors. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

A Tale of Two Cities 52.

A Tale of Two Cities. By Charles Dickens. Illustrated by Rafaello Busoni. New York: Grosset & Dunlap Publishers, [cl948]. 479p. (Illustrated Junior Library.)

Illustrations: Pen and ink and watercolors. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

The Low Countries 53.

The Low Countries. By Cornelia Spencer. Illustrated by Rafaello Busoni. New York: Holiday House, [cI949]. 24p. (Lands and Peoples Volumes.)

48

Rafaello Busoni

Illustrations: Watercolors. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Page Boy for King Arthur 54.

Page Boy for King Arthur. [By] Eugenia Stone. Illustrated by Rafaello Busoni. Chicago/New York: Follett Publishing Company, [cl949]. 159p.

Illustrations: Etchings, pen and ink, and calligraphy. Note: Book and binding design by Stanford W. Williamson. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

The Sunken Forest 55.

The Sunken Forest. By Rene Prud'hommeaux. Illustrated by Rafaello Busoni. New York: The Viking Press, 1949. 248p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink. Note: Published on the same day by the Macmillan Company of Canada. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

The Youngest 56.

General

The Youngest General. A Story of Lafayette. By Fruma Gottschalk. Illustrated by Rafaello Busoni. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1949. 169p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Chooky 57.

Chooky. [By] John Faulkner. Illustrated by Rafaello Busoni. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., [cl950]. 250p.

Illustrations: Brush, pen and ink. Location: University Libraries at Ohio State University, Columbus.

English Is Our Language 58.

English Is Our Language. Prepared by Edna L. Sterling, Mabel F. Rice, Katherine V. Bishop. Illustrated by Rafaello Busoni. Boston: D. C. Heath and Company, [cl950]. 369p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink and watercolors. Note: This is an eighth-grade English textbook. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Rafaello Busoni

49

His Name Was Jesus 59.

His Name Was Jesus. B y Mary Alice Jones. Illustrated by Rafaello Busoni. Chicago/New York/SanFrancisco: Rand McNally & Company, [c 1950]. 208p.

Illustrations: Etchings. Location: Walter Library at the University o f Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Italy 60.

Italy. [Written and illustrated] B y Rafaello Busoni. [New York]: Holiday House, [ c l 9 5 0 ] . 23p. (Lands and Peoples Volumes.)

Content: History and geography o f Italy. Illustrations: Lithographs. Location: Walter Library at the University o f Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Knight of Florence 61.

Knight of Florence. [By] Margery Evernden. Illustrated by Rafaello Busoni. New York: Random House, [ c l 9 5 0 ] . 133p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

La Salle 62.

La Salle. B y Jeannette Covert Nolan. Illustrated by Rafaello Busoni. Evanston/White Plains: Row, Peterson and Company, [ c l 9 5 0 ] , 36p. (Real People.)

Illustrations: Etchings. Location: Walter Library at the University o f Minnesota, Minneapolis.

The Missing Brother 63.

The Missing Brother. A Mystery Story for Older Boys. B y Keith Robertson. Illustrated by Rafaello Busoni. New York: The Viking Press, 1950. 2 2 0 p .

Illustrations: Pen and ink. Note: Published on the same day by the Macmillan Company of Canada. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

50

Rafaello Busoni

The Radio Imp 64.

The Radio Imp. [The Story of a Mischievous Radio]. B y Archie Binns. Illustrated by Rafaello Busoni. Philadelphia/Toronto: The John C. Winston Company, [ c ! 9 5 0 ] . 216p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Shipmates Down Under 65.

Shipmates Down Under. B y Dale Collins. Illustrated by Rafaello Busoni. [New York]: Holiday House, [ c l 9 5 0 ] . 188p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink. Location: Conn Library at Wayne State College, Wayne, Nebraska.

The Winds Blow Free 66.

The Winds Blow Free. A Story of the American Revolution. [By] Charles G. Wilson. Illustrated by Rafaello Busoni. New York: Ives Washburn, Inc., [ c l 9 5 0 ] . 198p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Elizabeth Castonier (1894-1975) b. M a r c h 3 , 1 8 9 4 , Dresden, Germany; d. September 2 4 , 1 9 7 5 , Munich, F R G Exile: 1 9 3 4 Austria; 1 9 3 8 Italy, Denmark, U K Elisabeth Anna Helena Borchardt was born in Dresden to a family of artists. In 1899 her family moved to Paris where Elisabeth, a sickly child, was homeschooled. She attended briefly a private school in Paris, a boarding school in Dresden, and an English-language boarding school in Düsseldorf. In 1912 she settled in Berlin, where she wrote poems and short stories and worked as a French-language translator for a publisher. In 1918 she moved to Munich; she continued to write short stories for several German magazines. After a brief marriage to the Danish opera singer Paul Castonier (with whom Elisabeth often changed residences as he searched for stage engagements), she returned to Munich. She worked as an editor for a publisher and wrote several prose works. One of the two plays she wrote was banned by the Nazis in 1933, in the middle o f its stage production. In 1934 she fled to Austria, which became her home base as she traveled

Elizabeth Castonier

51

and worked abroad as a foreign correspondent for several Austrian newspapers. In 1938 she was forced to flee again. Via Italy and Denmark, she crossed the Channel and came to England in 1939. Elisabeth Castonier received her first pay from writing in England for her children's story, Tony the Donkey. Illustrated by a fellow emigre Walter Trier, it was published in an almanac of the Collins Publishers in 1941.28 She wrote four additional children's stories and Collins published them all.29 Subsequently she wrote prose works for adults only. In the late 1940s she left London, moved to the English countryside, and worked on a farm. Her writing ceased for this period of time, until a bodily injury made it impossible to continue farm work. She resumed writing books, publishing several volumes about life in the English countryside among others. Elisabeth Castonier died on September 24, 1975, while on a visit to Munich. A part of her literary legacy is held by the Deutsches Literaturarchiv (Marbach/N).

Jim the Goat 1.

Jim the Goat. Told by Elizabeth Castonier and with Illustrations by Mariel Deans. London/Glasgow: Collins, [cl942], 56p.

Content: An animal story. Note: Dedicated "To dear little Vernon." Location: British Library, London.

Shippy the Tortoise 2.

Shippy the Tortoise. Told by Elizabeth Castonier and with Illustrations by Mariel Deans. London/Glasgow: Collins, [cl942]. 56p.

Content: An animal story. Note: Dedicated "To Nancy and Marion." Location: British Library, London.

Emily the Toad 3.

Emily the Toad. Told by Elizabeth Castonier and with Illustrations by Mariel Deans. London/Glasgow: Collins, [cl944]. 56p.

Content: An animal story. Location: British Library, London.

28

Elisabeth Castonier, Stürmisch bis heiter (München: Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, 1967), 295.

29

All four books spell the author's first name as "Elizabeth."

52

Elizabeth Castonier

Lolly the Bat 4.

Lolly the Bat. Told by Elizabeth Castonier and with Illustrations by Mariel Deans. London/Glasgow: Collins, [ c l 9 4 4 ] . 56p.

Content: An animal story. Note: Dedicated: " T o Trude, J o e and Posi." Location: British Library, London.

Elizabeth Colman (recte Elisabeth Bertelsmann-Callmann,

*1909) b. February 18,1909, Munich, Germany Exile: 1935 Switzerland; 1940 Portugal; 1941 USA Elisabeth Callmann was born and educated in Munich. She studied modern languages and journalism at the universities of Munich and Berlin between 1929 and 1933. She married Heinz Bertelsmann with whom she emigrated in 1935 to Switzerland. In 1940 they emigrated to Portugal, and in 1941 to the USA. Elisabeth lived and worked as a freelance photographer, under the new name of Elizabeth Colman, in New York City. There she published two books of photographs during the 1940s. Later she worked as the librarian at the Seaman's Church Institute; she obtained a master's degree in library science (M.L.S.) from Columbia University in 1953. B y that time she was an American citizen.

Portugal, Wharf of Europe 1.

Portugal, Wharf of Europe. B y Elizabeth Colman. Illustrated photographs. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1944. 91p.

with

Content: An introduction to Portugal's history and its people. Illustrations: Black and white photographs. Location: Thomas Cooper Library at the University of South Carolina, Columbia.

Chinatown U.S.A. 2.

Chinatown U.S.A. Text and photographs by Elizabeth Colman. New York: The John Day Company, [ c l 9 4 6 ] . 31p. [87]p.

Content: Description o f the Chinatowns of New York and San Francisco, the people and their history. Illustrations: Black and white photographs.

Max Colpet

53

Note: The first thirty-one numbered pages of text is followed by eighty-seven photographs with captions. Location: Penfield Library at State University of New York, College at Oswego.

Max Colpet (recte Max Kolpenitzki/Max Colby, 1905-1998) b. July 17,1905, Königsberg, Germany; d. January 2,1998, Munich, FRG Exile: 1933 France, Austria, Switzerland; 1948 USA; 1958 FRG Born in Königsberg, Max Kolpenitzki and his Russian-Jewish family were banished from the city in 1914. 30 They lived in several German cities before they settled in Hamburg, where Max completed the gymnasium. In 1923 he left for Berlin, where he studied engineering and supported himself financially by reciting poetry and by writing lyrics for songs and texts performed in cabarets. Under the pen name of Max Kolpe, he also wrote several plays and film scripts. He collaborated with prominent personalities from the film industry, including the Viennese cineast Billy Wilder. In 1933 Max emigrated to France where he continued to work as a script writer. He often changed countries of residence, traveling from France to Austria, back to France then to Switzerland, back to France. This was in part for his safety, while the Gestapo was invading one European country after another, and in part to follow job opportunities. In exile he began using the pen name of Max Colpet. In 1948 he followed Billy Wilder to Hollywood. Max collaborated on two films, prepared a script for a television series, and wrote a radio script. He also wrote and translated lyrics for songs, such as Marlene Dietrich's hit song "Sag mir wo die Blumen sind" ("Where have all the flowers gone")·31 In 1953 he became an American citizen and changed his name to Max Colby. In 1958 Max Colby returned to Germany and settled in Munich. There he continued his career in the film industry. Again using his pen name of Max Colpet, he wrote and published several books, wrote and composed one musical, translated several American and English musicals, and wrote lyrics for songs. In 1980 he received the medal München leuchtet (Munich Shines) from the city of Munich, and in 1992 the Bundesverdienstkreuz (Federal Service Cross ) from the FRG for his life work. Max Colby died on January 2, 1998, in Munich. The archival materials pertaining to his film career are held by the Stiftung Deutsche Kinemathek (Berlin).

30

Max Colpet, Im Sandmeer Logos-Verlag, 1995).

der Zeit. 60 Jalire Filmschaffen.

Eine moderne

Odyssee

(Saarbrücken:

31 Pete Seeger, the American folksinger who holds the copyright for this song, considers the German translation more poetical than his English-language original.

Max Colpet

54

Für Erwachsene streng verboten 1.

Für Erwachsene streng verboten. [By] Max Colpet. Mit vierundvierzig Federzeichnungen von Maja von Arx. Zürich: Artemis-Verlag, [cl948]. 175p.

Content: An introduction to filmmaking for children represented through the adventures of a group of children who secretly set out to produce a movie. Location: Institut für Jugendbuchforschung, Frankfurt/M.

Curry (rede Werner Saul, 1906-1984) b. 1906, Essen, Germany; d. 1984, Vevey, Switzerland Exile: 1933 France; 1942 Switzerland; 1945 France; 1970 Switzerland Born and raised in Essen, Werner quit the gymnasium, trained in banking for a short period of time, and attended the Kunstgewerbeschule (Arts and Crafts School) Folkwang. Later he took classes in painting and drawing with Andre Lhote (18851962) at the Colarossi Academy in Paris. In the late 1920s and early 1930s he lived in Berlin and worked as a political cartoonist. His cartoons, published in leftist newspapers and journals, ridiculed National Socialists. For fear of racial and political harassment, he fled Germany in 1933. In Paris he continued to draw cartoons for the Paris press under the pseudonym Curry. He created a comic strip series entitled "Le petit dictateur" (Little Dictator), with the main character bearing the likeness of Benito Mussolini.32 After the occupation of France, Werner was interned in various French refugee camps before he illegally crossed the Swiss boarder in 1942. Placed in the Schönengrund refugee camp in the canton Appenzell, Werner also spent time in several other camps before his release in 1945. During his Swiss internment, Werner collaborated on the founding of the journal Über die Grenzen, a legal organ of refugees. Its subtitle was: Von Fliichtlingen-fiir Flüchtlinge (By refugees-for refugees). Werner was the journal's graphic artist and cartoonist (first number appeared in November 1944). For this journal he created another comic strip series, "LZ 1313," about the travails of a refugee. He also prepared illustrations for a children's book, Jacquelines Traumland, written by a fellow refugee, Hanna Fuchs. Unable to obtain a working permit in Switzerland after 1945, he left for France with his new Swiss bride. In Paris he worked as a graphic artist and cartoonist until his retirement in 1970. He returned to Switzerland as a retiree where he died in 1984.

32

This comic strip series created from 1934 to 1939 appeared in the book Der kleine Diktator. Mit einer Selbstdarstellung von Wemer Saul/Curry und einer Einleitung von Samuel Schmitt (Viernheim: S. A. W. Schmitt Verlag, 1984).

Henry Μ. Dawes

Jacquelines 1.

55

Traumland

Jacquelines Traumland. Ein Buch für die Jugend mit Farbenzeichnungen und Federzeichnungen. Text Hanna Fuchs. Bilder Curry. Wädenswil/Zürich: Verlag Jak. Villiger & Cie., n.d. 36p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink and watercolors. Location: Schweizerische Landesbibliothek, Bern.

Henry M. Dawes {rede Max Hodann, 1894-1946) b. August 30,1894, Neisse, Germany; d. December 17,1946, Stockholm, Sweden Exile: 1933 Switzerland, France, Holland, Denmark, England, Norway; 1937 Spain; 1938 Norway, Sweden Max Julius Hodann was born in 1894 in Neisse, Upper Silesia (today Nsya, Poland), the son of a military doctor. After the death of his father in 1899, Max moved with his mother to Berlin, and shortly after to Meran, Tyrol. It was in Tyrol that Max developed a love of the outdoors and an interest in natural sciences. In 1904 mother and son returned to Berlin, where Max attended a gymnasium and began to study medicine at the University of Berlin. He was also active in the Youth Movement. During WWI his study was interrupted as he joined the German army. He graduated from the medical school in 1919 and began to pursue his special interest in the study of sexuality in general and sexual education for the working class in particular. During the 1920s he worked as a physician in Berlin and was associated with the Institute for Sexuality and its founder Carl Magnus Hirschfeld. He published numerous articles and several books on the subject, and was soon blacklisted. In February 1933 Max was arrested and, when released in the fall of 1933, crossed the border to Switzerland. After a brief stay in Switzerland, then France, Holland and Denmark, he lived in England and in Norway. Financially supported by the Arbeidernes Justisfond, the Norwegian workers' organization, Max had articles on the issues of family and sexuality published in the workers' press. He also co-authored the book J0dene vender hjem (1935) about the return of Jews to Palestine, after a journey to Palestine in 1934. From 1937 to 1938 he worked as a military doctor in Spain. He returned in the fall of 1938 to Scandinavia. Shortly before the occupation of Norway, Max took a business trip to Sweden, where he remained until his death. 33 A contributor to scientific journals, he also worked with military deserters, mainly Germans, in Sweden.

"Wilfried Wolff, Max Hodann (1894-1946). Verlag, 1993), 60.

Sozialist und Sexualreformer

(Hamburg: von Bockel

Henry Μ. Dawes

56

Max Hodann died of an asthma attack in Stockholm on December 17, 1946. His archival materials from the years of exile are deposited at the Arbetarrörelsens Arkiv, the Archives of the Swedish Workers' Union (Stockholm).

Jakob gar over grensen 1.

Jakob gar over grensen. [By] Henry M. Dawes. Pa norsk ved Anders Andreassen og Kristian Kristiansen. Oslo: Tiden Norsk Forlag, 1938. 119p.

Content: The experience of exile as described by a twelve-year-old Berlin boy. Note: Translated from the original manuscript, this is the only children's book Hodann wrote. It was published under the pseudonym of Henry M. Dawes. He planned to have it translated into several languages.34 According to the historian, Einhart Lorenz, the sale of copies was small.35 Published simultaneously by Forlaget Fremad in Copenhagen. Location: Nasjonalbiblioteket (National Library of Norway), Oslo.

Oswald Dutch (rede Otto Erich Deutsch, 1894-1983) b. December 17,1894, Vienna, AHM; d. February 2,1983, London, UK Exile: 1938 UK Otto Erich Deutsch was born and educated in Vienna. He studied law, economics, German philology and musicology, and obtained J.D. and Ph.D. degrees at the University of Vienna in 1919 and 1921. He worked as a journalist, contributing articles to several Viennese newspapers and a German-language newspaper in Prague. In 1938 he was forced to flee Vienna because of his anti-Nazi writings. After a brief stay in Switzerland, he emigrated to the UK and settled in London. He continued his journalistic career, worked for the BBC, and wrote books dealing with contemporary history under the pseudonym of Oswald Dutch. His best known book, Pall over Europe,was published in 1942 in London, and was translated into many different languages. In the 1940s he also wrote nonfiction children's books for the series Brainy Books. The London publisher W. Walker and Sons published three books in the series. Oswald Dutch had no additional children's books published. 36 Otto Erich Deutsch died on February 2,1983, in London. A part of his literary legacy is deposited at the Österreichische Exilbibliothek im Literaturhaus (Wien).

M

Ibid.,

3i

56.

Einhart Lorenz, Exil in Norwegen. Lebensbedingungen

und Arbeit deutschsprachiger

1933-1943 (Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 1992), 293. 36

See explanatory note to entry no. 3.

Flüchtlinge

Rudolf Eger

Droppy, Splash and 1.

57

Dew-Pearl

Droppy, Splash and Dew-Pearl. The Story of Three Rain Drops. By Oswald Dutch. Illustrated by Lottie Gorn. London: W. Walker & Sons (Associated) Ltd., [1944]. 55p. (Brainy Book, No. 1.)

Content: Nature book. Location: Bodleian Library at University of Oxford, UK.

The Plot of the Invisible Crowd 2.

The Plot of the Invisible Crowd. The Story of the Germs. By Oswald Dutch. Illustrated by Lottie Gorn. London: W. Walker & Sons (Associated) Ltd., [1947]. 90p. (Brainy Book, No. 2.)

Content: Nature book. Location: Bodleian Library at University of Oxford, UK.

Aca the Oak 3.

Aca the Oak. The Story of an Oak Tree. By Oswald Dutch. Illustrated by Lottie Gorn. London: W. Walker & Sons (Associated) Ltd., 1949.54p. (Brainy Book, No. 3.)

Content: Nature book. Note: In the announcement section, on the page opposite the title page, the publishers listed two additional Brainy Books, Ant-folks Capital. The Story of the Ants, and The Persistent Beggar. The Story of Hunger, as already published, and stated that other Brainy Books would be published later. Since none of these titles could be located, it cannot be verified that they were ever published. W. Walker & Sons (Associated) Ltd. apparently ceased its operations after 1958.37 Location: Bodleian Library at University of Oxford, UK.

Rudolf Eger (1885-1965) b. January 16,1885, Vienna, AHM; d. February 18,1965, Munich, FRG Exile: 1933 Switzerland; 1945 USOZG Born in Vienna, Rudolf Georg Christian Eger was educated in Berlin, Germany, and Bern, Switzerland; he received his Ph.D. degree in the early 1920s from the Oriental

37 The last appearance of W.Walker & Sons (Associated) Ltd. in Whitaker's Cummulative is in the volume for 1958.

Book List

58

Rudolf Eger

University, a correspondence school in Washington, D.C. He was a newspaper correspondent in Vienna, and a theater director in Graz, Austria. In the late 1920s he joined his brother, Paul Felix Eger, a prominent artistic director and theatrical manager, in Berlin. Rudolf worked as a producing director and managerial assistant in various Berlin theaters. In 1933 Eger emigrated to Switzerland. He obtained a permit to publish in Switzerland, and became a full-time writer and translator. Occasionally he used the pseudonyms Rudolf Hochglend, Georg Rudolph, and Georg Rudolf. In addition to writing adult books, he authored numerous books for youth. He also rewrote the originals of such authors as Daniel Defoe, James Fenimore Cooper, and Mark Twain. His favorite genres were biographies, travel books, and discovery narratives. He was a member of the Swiss Writers' Association. After the end of WWII, Eger moved to Bavaria. He resumed writing, and continued to work in theaters. He wrote and produced plays, mostly comedies. He continued to publish books for youth in Switzerland. Rudolf Eger died on February 18, 1965, in Munich.

Zu Fuss durch Afrika 1.

Zu Fuss durch Afrika. [By] Daniel Defoe. Übersetzt und bearbeitet von Rudolf Eger. Mit 6 Zeichnungen [und Schutzumschlag von Willi Schnabel], Zürich: Scientia Verlag AG, 1942. 212p.

Note: Translated and rewritten by Rudolf Eger. Location: Schweizerische Landesbibliothek, Bern.

Bleichgesichter auf der Flucht 2.

Bleichgesichter auf der Flucht. [By] James Fenimore Cooper. Neubearbeitung von Rudolf Eger. Ölten: O. Walter AG, 1943. 280p.

Note: Revised and rewritten by Rudolf Eger. Location: Schweizerische Landesbibliothek, Bern.

Huckleberry Finn's Fahrten und Abenteuer 3.

Huckleberry Finn 's Fahrten und Abenteuer. [By] Mark Twain. Übersetzt und bearbeitet von Rudolf Eger. Illustrationen und Umschlag von Irma Anita Bebi. Zürich: Schweizer Druck- und Verlagshaus, 1944. 264p.

Note: Translated and rewritten by Rudolf Eger. Location: Schweizerische Landesbibliothek, Bern.

Rudolf Eger

59

Die Reisen des Marco 4.

Polo

Die Reisen des Marco Polo. Seinen Zeichnungen nacherzählt. Von Rudolf Eger. Schutzumschlag von Willi Schnabel. Aarau: Sauerländer, [1944]. 219p.

Content: Life and travels of Marco Polo based on his notes. Location: Die Deutsche Bibliothek: Deutsches Exilarchiv, Frankfurt/M. Amerigo 5.

Vespucci,

1451-1512

Amerigo Vespucci, 1451-1512. Das Leben eines Entdeckers. [By] Rudolf Eger. Schutzumschlag von Willi Schnabel. Zürich: Scientia Verlag, 1945. 144p.

Content: Life of Amerigo Vespucci. Location: Schweizerische Landesbibliothek, Bern. Die erste 6.

Weltumseglung

Die erste Weltumseglung. In freier Gestaltung nach den BordbuchAufzeichnungen von Antonio Pigafetta. [By] Rudolf Eger. Schutzumschlag von J. Jockel. Ölten: O. Walter AG, 1945. 236p.

Content: First sailing around the world based on Antonio Pigafetta's journal. Location: Schweizerische Landesbibliothek, Bern. Im dunkeln 7.

Erdteil

Im dunkeln Erdteil. Die Abenteuer Henry Stanleys. Seinen Aufzeichnungen nacherzählt. Von Rudolf Eger. Schutzumschlag von Willi Schnabel. Zürich: Scientia Verlag, 1945. 208p.

Content: The adventures of Henry Stanley in Africa based on his notes. Location: Schweizerische Landesbibliothek, Bern. Peter auf den 7 8.

Meeren

Peter auf den 7 Meeren. Jugenderzählung. [By] Frederick Marryat. Neubearbeitung und Übersetzung von Rudolf Eger. Schutzumschlag und Illustrationen von Hans Peter Hort. Ölten: O. Walter AG, 1945. 275p.

Note: Translated and rewritten by Rudolf Eger. Location: Schweizerische Landesbibliothek, Bern.

60

Rudolf Eger

Sagen aus aller Welt 9.

Sagen aus aller Welt. Neu erzählt. Von Rudolf Eger. Umschlagentwurf von Hans Aeschbach. Zürich: Scientia Verlag, [1945]. 189p.

Content: Folktales from around the world. Location: Schweizerische Landesbibliothek, Bern.

Die Abenteuer des Mungo Park 10.

Die Abenteuer des Mungo Park. Ein Schotte zieht durch Afrika. [By] Georg Rudolph. Ölten: Verlag Walter, [1948]. 231p.

Content: The adventures of Mungo Park, a Scottish traveler in Africa. Note: Written in Switzerland before 1945. Published under the pseudonym of Georg Rudolph. Location: Schweizerische Landesbibliothek, Bern.

David Livingston 11.

David Livingston. Ein Forscherleben nach seinen Aufzeichnungen und den Berichten von Zeitgenossen. [By] Rudolf Eger. Einbandentwurf von Giovanni Müller. Zürich: Evangelischer Verlag A. G. Zollikon, [1949]. 80p. (Stern Reihe-Eine Jugendbücherei, Bd. 35.)

Content: Biography of David Livingston based on his notes and on reports of his contemporaries. Note: Written in Switzerland before 1945. Location: Die Deutsche Bibliothek: Deutsches Exilarchiv, Frankfurt/M.

Georg Ehrlich (1897-1966) b. February 22,1897, Vienna, AHM; d. July 1,1966, Lucerne, Switzerland Exile: 1937 UK Georg Ehrlich was born on February 22, 1897, in Vienna. He attended the Kunstgewerbeschule (Arts and Crafts School). Between 1915 and 1918 he served as an officer in the Austrian army on the Russian and Italian fronts. In the early 1920s he lived in Munich and Berlin and worked as a graphic artist. His etchings and lithographs brought him fame as they were exhibited and published in Germany and Austria. Returning to Vienna in 1924, Georg Ehrlich changed his medium and established himself as a sculptor. In 1926 he had his first bronze cast made. In 1928 he received

Fritz Eichenberg

61

a commission to sculpt a bronze relief for the tombstone of a blind organist at the Central Cemetary in Vienna. Numerous sculptures followed and were exhibited at home and abroad. In 1937 Georg traveled to Paris to an exhibition and later to London. The threatening political situation in Austria prompted Georg Ehrlich to request permission for permanent residence in the United Kingdom. In 1938 his wife, the illustrator Bettina Ehrlich, joined him in London. In 1947 both became British citizens. During the 1940s Georg had several one-man shows of his artwork in England. He also illustrated the children's book The Young King and Other Stories by Oscar Wilde. From 1947 to 1948 the Ehrlichs were in the United States, first in New York City, then in Columbus, Ohio, where Georg was artist in residence at the Columbus Gallery of Fine Arts. Although they continued to have permanent residence in London, the Ehrlichs spent a period of time each year in Vienna and in Grado on the Adriatic coast of Italy. In each location Georg was creating and exhibited his sculptures. In the 1960s, he was recognized with the honorary title of Professor by the Austrian Government, and was awarded the Sculpture Prize of the City of Vienna. Soon after, as his heart ailment worsened, Georg was forced to give up sculpting. Georg Ehrlich died on July 1, 1966, in Lucerne, Switzerland. He is buried in Vienna. His artistic legacy is held at the Wiener Stadt- und Landesbibliothek (Wien).

The Young King and Other Stories 1.

The Young King and Other Stories. [By] Oscar Wilde. Illustrated by Georg Ehrlich. [London]: Allan Wingate, [1946], 58p.

Illustrations: Sixteen etchings in brown. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Fritz Eichenberg (1901-1990) b. October 24,1901, Cologne, Germany; d. November 30,1990, Peace Dale, Rhode Island, USA Exile: 1933 USA Born on October 24, 1901, Fritz Eichenberg grew up in Cologne and studied at the Akademie für graphische Künste und Buchgewerbe (Academy of the Graphic Arts and Arts of the Book) in Leipzig. He illustrated books, newspapers, and magazines before becoming a traveling correspondent for a Berlin publisher. In 1933, while on assignment in South America and the USA, he briefly visited New York City. The same year, he returned to New York and began his self-imposed exile.

62

Fritz Eichenberg

In New York City he taught at the New School for Social Research and worked for the Works Progress Administration's (WPA) federal arts project. Eichenberg's first illustrations for a children's book written in English were published in the USA in 1936. Thereafter, he illustrated numerous children's books, as well as adult books, including nineteenth-century world classics and classics of Russian literature. Ape in Cape: An Alphabet of Odd Animals (a Caldecott Honor Book in 1952) and Dancing in the Moon: Counting Rhymes (1955) are the only children's books he both authored and illustrated. Eichenberg is the German emigre artist considered the insider of American book illustration. He published theoretical works on book illustration, organized exhibitions, founded the graphic arts department at the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, New York, and taught art at the University of Rhode Island in Kingston. In addition he traveled widely as an expert on printmaking, representing the USA abroad. He and his book illustrations received numerous awards. In 1977 the Smithsonian Institution organized a traveling exhibition of his work during the bicentennial of the USA. Fritz Eichenberg died in Peace Dale, Rhode Island, on November 30, 1990. Parts of the Fritz Eichenberg artistic legacy are held by the Arts of the Book Collection at Yale University (New Haven, Connecticut), by the Children's Literature Research Collection at the University of Minnesota (Minneapolis), and at the University of Rhode Island (Kingston).

Puss in Boots 1.

Puss in Boots. [Folktale. Pictures printed directly from wood-engravings by Fritz Eichenberg]. [New York]: Holiday House, 1936. [36]p.

Illustrations: Wood engravings. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Dick Whittington and Hts Cat 2.

Dick Whittington and His Cat. [Folktale. Wood-engravings by Fritz Eichenberg. Design by Helen Gentry], New York: Holiday House, 1937. [34]p.

Illustrations: Wood engravings. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Uncle Remus: Being Legends of the Old 3.

Plantation

Uncle Remus: Being Legends of the Old Plantation. By Joel Chandler Harris. With illustrations by Fritz Eichenberg. Mount Vernon: The Peter Pauper Press, [cl937], 135p.

Fritz Eichenberg

63

Illustrations: Engravings. Note: This edition was limited to eleven hundred copies. Location: Walter Library of the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Sticks Across the Chimney 4.

Sticks Across the Chimney. A Story of Denmark. By Nora Burglon. Illustrations by Fritz Eichenberg. [New York]: Holiday House, [cl938]. 265p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink drawings. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Tyll Ulenspiegel's 5.

Merry

Pranks

Tyll Ulenspiegel's Merry Pranks. [By] M. Jagendorf. Illustrated by Fritz Eichenberg. New York: The Vanguard Press, [1938]. 188p.

Illustrations: Engravings. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Animals to Afnca 6.

Animals to Africa. By Rosalys Hall. Pictures by Fritz Eichenberg. [New York]: Holiday House, [cl939]. [24]p.

Illustrations: Watercolors. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Littling of 7.

Gaywood

Littling of Gaywood. By Edna Turpin. Drawings by Fritz Eichenberg. Richmond, Virginia: Dietz Press, Inc., [cl939]. 265p.

Illustrations: Pen, ink and brush drawings. Location: James M. Milne Library at State University of New York, College at Oneonta.

The Mystery 8.

of Dog Flip

The Mystery of Dog Flip. [By] Therese Lenötre. Translated from the French by Simone Chamond. Illustrated by Fritz Eichenberg. New York: Frederick A. Stokes Company, 1939. 190p.

Illustrations: Watercolors. Location: Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

64

Fritz Eichenberg

Padre Porko, the Gentlemanly 9.

Pig

Padre Porko, the Gentlemanly Pig. By Robert Davis. Illustrated by Fritz Eichenberg. [New York]: Holiday House, [cl939]. 197p.

Illustrations: Engravings and chapter vignettes. Note: Third enlarged printing was published in 1948. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Big Road 10.

Walker

Big Road Walker. [By] Eula G. Duncan. Based on stories told by Alice Cannon. Illustrated by Fritz Eichenberg. New York: Frederick A. Stokes Company, 1940. 12 lp.

Illustrations: Engravings. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Don't Blame Me! 11.

Don't Blame Me! And Other Stories. By Richard Hughes. With illustrations by Fritz Eichenberg. London: Chatto & Windus, 1940. 145p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink drawings. Location: Elmer Ellis Library at University of Missouri, Columbia. 11.a

Don't Blame Me! By Richard Hughes. Pictures by Fritz Eichenberg. New York/London: Harper & Brothers, [cl940], 159p.

Note: Illustrations are identical to the Chatto & Windus edition. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Heroes of the 12.

Kalevala

Heroes of the Kalevala. Finland's Saga. By Babette Deutsch. Illustrated by Fritz Eichenberg. New York: Julian Messner, Inc., [cl940]. 238p.

Illustrations: Scratch board. Location: Walter Library of the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Rowena, the Skating 13.

Cow

Rowena, the Skating Cow. By Stewart Schakne. [Illustrated] By Fritz Eichenberg. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1940. [56]p.

Fritz Eichenberg

65

Illustrations: Watercolors. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

All on a Summer's Day 14.

All on a Summer's Day. B y Marjorie Fischer. Illustrated by Fritz Eichenberg. New York: Random House, [c 1941 ]. 157p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink drawings. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Phoebe-Belle 15.

Phoebe-Belle. B y Irmengarde Eberle. Illustrated by Fritz Eichenberg. New York: The Greystone Press, [1941], 33p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink drawings. Location: Library o f Congress, Washington, D.C.

The Story of Peer Gynt 16.

The Story of Peer Gynt. Retold by Ε. V. Sandys. Illustrated by Fritz Eichenberg. New York: Thomas Y . Crowell Company, 1941. 114p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink drawings. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

The Tree That Ran Away 17.

The Tree That Ran Away. B y Henry Beston. Illustrated by Fritz Eichenberg. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1941. 69p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink drawings. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

"Have You Seen Tom Thumb?" 18.

"Have You Seen Tom Thumb?" [By] Mabel Leigh Hunt. Illustrated by Fritz Eichenberg. Philadelphia/New York: Frederick A. Stokes Company, 1942. 259p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink drawings. Note: Named the Newbery Honor Book in 1943. Location: New York State Library, Albany.

66

Fritz Eichenberg

Mischief in Fez 19.

Mischief in Fez. By Eleanor Hoffmann. Illustrated by Fritz Eichenberg. New York: Holiday House, [cl943], 109p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink drawings and lithographs. Note: Named the New York Herald Tribune Honor Book for the year 1943. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Wide Fields 20.

Wide Fields. The Story of Henri Fahre. By Irmengarde Eberle. Illustrated by Fritz Eichenberg. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company, 1943. 193p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink drawings and color plates. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

No Room 21.

No Room. An Old Story. Retold by Rose Dobbs. Illustrated by Fritz Eichenberg. New York: Coward-McCann, Inc., Publishers, [cl944]. [48]p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink drawings. Note: Published simultaneously by Longmans, Green & Co., Toronto, Canada. Location: New York State Library, Albany.

Sancho and His Stubborn Mule 22.

Sancho and His Stubborn Mule. By Mark Keats. Illustrated by Fritz Eichenberg. New York: William R. Scott, Inc., Publisher, [cl944], [40]p.

Illustrations: Watercolors. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

The Adventures of Sir Ignatius Tippitolio 23.

The Adventures of Sir Ignatius Tippitolio, Better Known to the World as Tippy, Proprietor of Tippitolio's Grand Imperial Hotel Oriella. Β y Glan ville Smith. Illustrations by Fritz Eichenberg. New York/London: Harper and Brothers Publishers, [cl945]. 162p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink drawings. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Fritz Eichenberg

67

Black Beauty 24.

Black Beauty. The Autobiography of a Horse. By Anna Sewall. Illustrated by Fritz Eichenberg. New York: Grosset and Dunlap Publishers, [cl945]. 301p. (Illustrated Junior Library.)

Illustrations: Pen and ink drawings and full-page watercolors. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

The Magic Shop 25.

The Magic Shop. By Maurice Dolbier. Illustrated by Fritz Eichenberg. New York: Random House, [cl946]. 74p.

Illustrations: Watercolors. Note: The book was designed by Fritz Eichenberg and Andor Braun. It was published simultaneously by Random House of Canada, Ltd. Location: New York State Library, Albany. Dutch 25.a

De Tover-Winkel. Door Maurice Dolbier. Geillustreerd door Fritz Eichenberg. Vertaald door Ε. H. Van Meeteren-Verhagen. Eerste Druk. Amsterdam: De Bezige Bij, [1947], 80p.

Note: The illustrations in this Dutch-language edition are identical to those in the Random House edition of 1946. Location: University of Rhode Island Library, Kingston.

Mistress Masham's Repose 26.

Mistress Masham 's Repose. By Τ. H. White. Illustrations by Fritz Eichenberg. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, [cl946], 255p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink drawings. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Felix Salten's Favorite Animal Stories 27.

Felix Saiten's Favorite Animal Stories. [Introduction by Anna Wyler-Salten]. Illustrated by Fritz Eichenberg. New York: Julian Messner, Inc., [ c l 9 4 8 ] . 243p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink drawings. Note: Salten's daughter, Anna Wyler-Salten, prepared the collection for American

68

Fritz Eichenberg

readers and wrote the introduction. Location: Conn Library at Wayne State College, Wayne, Nebraska.

The Wonderful House-Boat-Train 28.

The Wonderful House-Boat-Train. By Ruth Stiles Gannett. Illustrations by Fritz Eichenberg. New York: Random House, Inc., [cl949]. 63p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink drawings. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

The Jungle Book 29.

The Jungle Book. By Rudyard Kipling. Illustrated by Fritz Eichenberg. New York: Grosset & Dunlap Publishers, [cl950]. 279p. (Illustrated Junior Library.)

Illustrations: Pen and ink drawings and full-page watercolors. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

The Witch ofRamoth and Other Tales 30.

The Witch of Ramoth and Other Tales. Selected by Mark Van Dören. Illustrated by Fritz Eichenberg. York, Pennsylvania: The Maple Press Company, 1950. 95p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink drawings with color overlays. Note: The examined copy was copy number 752 from an edition of seventeen hundred copies. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Eleska ( r e d e Helene Schneider-Kainer, 1885-1971) b. May 16,1885, Vienna, AHM; d. June 16,1971, Cochabamba, Bolivia Exile: 1938 USA; 1954 Bolivia Helene/Lene Schneider was born on May 16, 1885, in Vienna. She attended schools in Vienna, displaying great talent and interest in the arts. She continued art studies in Munich and Paris. With her husband, painter Ludwig Kainer, she became a famous stage designer and costume creator for performances in Berlin theaters. In the late 1920s she took part in an expedition across Asia, retracing the route Marco Polo took in the thirteenth century traveling from Venice to China. As artistic director of the trip, she recorded in paintings, photographs, and sketches impressions from that trip, concentrating on interviews with members of the numerous ethnic groups and cultures

Eleska

69

she encountered. Upon her return to Germany, she lectured and prepared art shows based on material collected during her Asian travels. She undertook lecture tours in other European countries. After Hitler's rise to power in 1933, Lene, a Jew, decided not to return to Germany. She lived in Spain on the island of Ibiza. When her house was bombed during the Spanish Civil War, she emigrated to the USA. From 1938 on, Lene Schneider-Kainer lived in New York City where she earned a reputation for producing washable and chewable cloth books for children under the age of four. Under the name of Eleska (the German spelling of her initials L. S. K., i.e. Lene Schneider-Kainer), she enhanced the production of these books with artistic designs silk-screened on good-quality cloth. She also began a book series entitled Our Neighbors. Based on her collection of sketches with costumes from various cultures, she created a book of costume dolls of the Americas. The book contained twelve double-page imprinted cloth models of costumed figures for children to cut, sew, and stuff as regular dolls. Planned books with costume dolls from Europe, Asia, and Africa did not materialize. In 1954 Lene Schneider-Kainer traveled to Bolivia. In the city of Cochabamba she became a patroness of the folk arts. In addition to her own artistic activities, she organized and supported sales of arts and craft objects made by the local Indian peasants. She died in Cochabamba on June 16, 1971.

I See 1,

I See. [Designed by Eleska. New York: Eleska, cl941]. [8]p.

Illustrations: Textile printing of a single picture of a teddy bear, doll, etc. for each page, executed by the Chinese silk-screen method. Note: This cloth book is the first one in the series of five cloth books Eleska produced through 1945 under the guidance and encouragement of specialists in child education. Location: Ramsey Collection at Purdy-Kresge Library, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.

I Count 2.

I Count. [Designed by Eleska. n.p.: Eleska Copyright, n.d.]. [12]p. (Eleska Book, 2.)

Illustrations: The same as in 1, with objects on each page representing numbers from 1 to 10. Note: Because of improved dyes and cloth texture for silk-screening, this washable and chewable book is of better quality than Book 1. Copies of Eleska Books 3 (I Eat), 4 (I Play), and 5 (Papa, Mama, Baby), could not be located. Location: Ramsey Collection at Purdy-Kresge Library, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.

70

Gleska

Three Tall Tales 3.

Three Tall Tales. [By] Helen Sewell and Eleska with pictures by Helen Sewell. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1947. [38]p.

Content: People and animals living in Asia. Note: In the introduction Eleska writes: "[...]with thanks to Bernhard Kellermann who, on our expedition through Asia, gave me the opportunity to meet them [people and animals] all." Location: Baron-Forness Library atEdinboro University of Pennsylvania, Edinboro.

Richard Erdös (*1912) b. July 7,1912, Vienna, AHM Exile: 1940 USA Richard Erdös was born on July 7, 1912, in Vienna. He attended elementary and secondary schools in Berlin and Vienna, showing talent for drawing at an early age. He studied art at the Kunstgewerbeschule (Arts and Crafts School) in Vienna, at the Akademie der Künste (Arts Academy) in Berlin, and at the Academie de la Grande Chaumiere in Paris. As a student of art he traveled widely in Europe until the late 1930s when the political domination of the National Socialists made it dangerous for Richard Erdös, a Jew, to remain in Europe. In 1940 Richard Erdös arrived in New York City, where he began working as a freelance illustrator. He produced various kinds of illustrations including advertising illustrations, book illustrations, murals and illustrations for animated films. His first children's book illustrations were created for Erika Mann's book, A Gang of Ten, published in 1942 by L. B. Fischer in New York City. In 1958, now Richard Erdoes, became an American citizen. As a magazine illustrator and photographer he traveled all over the USA, spending longer periods of time among Native Americans in the West. Fascinated by their culture and repelled by the substandard quality of life he encountered on American Indian reservations, he has written and illustrated several books and scripts for educational filmstrips on Native American life. Erdoes lives in Santa Fe, New Mexico. His literary and artistic legacy is held by the Children's Literature Research Collection at the University of Minnesota (Minneapolis).

Irmgard von Faber du Faur

71

A Gang of Ten 1.

A Gang of Ten. By Erika Mann. Illustrated by Richard Erdös. [Designed by Stefan Salter]. New York: L. B. Fischer, [cl942], 303p.

Illustrations: Scratch board. Location: Die Deutsche Bibliothek: Deutsches Exilarchiv, Frankfurt/M. l.a

A Gang of Ten. By Erika Mann. Illustrated by Richard Erdös. London: Secker and Warburg, 1943. 200p.

Note: There are fewer illustrations than in the New York edition. Location: Die Deutsche Bibliothek: Deutsches Exilarchiv, Frankfurt/M. Swedish l.b

Gänget avslöjar. [By] Erika Mann. Översättning är utförd av Börje Söderlund. Illustrerad av Richard Erdös. Stockholm: Bokförlaget Natur och Kultur, 1944. 224p.

Location: Die Deutsche Bibliothek: Deutsches Exilarchiv, Frankfurt/M. Spanish l.c

Una pandilla de diez. Novela. [By] Erika Mann. Traduccin de Alberto Fonseca. Ilustraciones de Richard Erdös. Buenos Aires: Editorial Futuro, [cl944], 284p.

Location: Die Deutsche Bibliothek: Deutsches Exilarchiv, Frankfurt/M. Finnish l.d

Sakki paljastaa. Romaani. [By] Erika Mann. [Englanninkielinen alkuteos Λ Gang of Ten. Suomentanut Helena Murros]. Kuvittanut Richard Erdös. Turku: Kustannusosakeyhtio Aura, [1948]. 258p. (Auran poikien kirjasto, 12.)

Location: Harry Elkins Widener Memorial Library at Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Irmgard von Faber du Faur (1894-1955) b. July 4,1894, Munich, Germany; d. January 23,1955, Zurich, Switzerland Exile: 1933 Switzerland Irmgard von Faber du Faur was born in Munich to a family of prominent artists. She spent her childhood in Munich and Paris and was educated in Geneva and Zurich in

Irmgard von Faber du Faur

72

Switzerland, and in Berlin. Working as a teacher and educator in Kiel, Germany, she met her future husband, the author and later theologian, Franz Mannheimer. They were married in 1930, fully aware that they would have to leave Germany since Franz Mannheimer was a Jew. Helped by friends, they emigrated to Switzerland in 1933, where Irmgard von Faber du Faur lived until her death. Irmgard von Faber du Faur wrote poems, stories, and theater and radio plays for children, as well as literary pieces for adults. Her first book for children, Kind und Welt,was published in 1929 by the Psychology Institute of the University of Kiel. Many new editions followed. The Swiss publisher H. R. Sauerländer published a new edition under the title Liebe Welt. Ein Buch für Kinder in 1958. Its stories and poems have been, and still are, reprinted in various publications. Irmgard von Faber du Faur wrote another story for children in Germany, Ein Tag des kleinen Tom. The book was published by Moritz Diesterweg, Frankfurt/M, as number 193 in the series KranzBücherei. 38 In 1932 the Swiss publisher Schweizerisches Jugendschriftenwerk published a new edition illustrated by Armgard von Faber du Faur, the twin sister of the author, who remained in Germany. Two historical narratives, Die Kinderarche (1935) and Die Pilgerkinder (1940), were written in Switzerland. Peaceful coexistence between members of different racial, social, and religious groups is the main theme of both books. Irmgard von Faber du Faur also wrote theater plays for children, adapting at least one of them for radio, and collected, translated, and interpreted into German poems and rhymes from various countries in Europe and North America, and published them under the title Kinderreime der Welt in 1951. Irmgard von Faber du Faur died on January 23, 1955, in Zurich. Her literary legacy "JQ is in private possession.

Die 1.

Kinderarche

Die Kinderarche. [By] Irmgard von Faber du Faur. [Zeichnungen zum Umschlag und zu den Bildern von Felix Hoffmann]. Aarau: Verlag von H. R. Sauerländer & Co., n.d. 76p.

Content: During the Peasants' War in the sixteenth century, a group of children make peace among warring parties. Note: Published in 1935 in Fraktur. Location: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus 1, Berlin.

38

The book was published before 1932, according to Dr. Irene Mannheimer, the author's daughter.

39

Dr. Irene Mannheimer, Riischlikon, Switzerland.

Irmgard von Faber du Faur

1.a

73

Die Kinderarche. [By] Irmgard von Faber du Faur. [Illustrated by] Felix Hoffmann. Entwurf des Einbandes von Winfried Fuss. Frankfurt am Main: Hirschgraben-Verlag, 1949. 50p. (Hirschgraben-Lesereihe.)

Note: This is the first edition published in Germany. Location: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus 1, Berlin.

Die Pilgerkinder 2.

Die Pilgerkinder. Erzählung aus dem Leben der englischen MayflowerPilgerväter. [By] Irmgard v. Faber du Faur. Einbandentwurf von Fritz Deringer. Zollikon-Zürich: Evangelischer Verlag A. G., [1940]. 80p. (Stern Reihe. Eine Jugend-Bücherei.)

Content: Set in America, a group of Pilgrim and Indian children teach their elders how to live peacefully together. Location: Die Deutsche Bibliothek - Deutsche Bücherei, Leipzig.

Geschwister 3.

Geschwister. Zwei Kindergeschichten. [By] Irmgard ν. Faber du Faur. 1. Auflage. Zürich: Christliche Vereinsbuchhandlung, [1942]. 46p.

Content: The first story, "Albin und Killian," takes place in the Swiss Alps while the second story, "Selma und Johanna," is set in a fishing village on the Baltic Sea. Two brothers in the former story and two sisters in the latter successfully overcome differences in their personalities and become best friends. Location: Die Deutsche Bibliothek - Deutsche Bücherei, Leipzig.

Die rote Mütze 4.

Die rote Mütze. [By] I. von Faber du Faur. Umschlag und Innenbilder von Vreni Constantin. Zürich: Schweizerisches Jugendschriftenwerk, [ 1949] .31p. (Schweizerisches Jugendschriftenwerk, 330.)

Content: This is a story of friendship between two classmates, the best student Stefan and the slow-learner Florian. A flock of geese belonging to Florian brings them together after an initial malicious act on the part of Florian. Location: Schweizerische Landesbibliothek, Bern.

74

Friedrich Feld

Friedrich Feld (recte Friedrich Rosenfeld, 1902-1987) b. December 5,1902, Vienna, AHM; d. December 12,1987, Bexhill, UK Exile: 1934 CSR; 1939 UK Friedrich Rosenfeld was born and educated in Vienna, where he studied German and English literature and art history. During his student days he began to write book reviews and became a theater and film critic for several Viennese journals and newspapers. After graduation he worked for the leftist newspaper Arbeiter-Zeitung as its feuilleton editor. When the newspaper was banned in 1934, Friedrich Rosenfeld moved to Prague. In Prague, Rosenfeld made a living as a writer, as the literary representative of an American film company, and as the theater correspondent for a Croatian newspaper. His serialized stories for adults were published in several European newspapers. During this time he also had two books for children published, Letadlem do zemedivü (Der Flug ins Karfunkelland) in 1935, and "Duha" jede do Masagary (Der Regenbogen fährt nach Masagara) in 1937. After his initial success with the children's book Tirilin reist um die Welt (Vienna, 1931), he never stopped writing stories for children. In 1939 Friedrich Rosenfeld emigrated to the United Kingdom. After a brief internment on the Isle of Man, he was able to make a living as a metal turner before landing a job translating German and Czech news into English for a radio agency. His association with British news agencies lasted until his retirement in 1962 from the BBC. In 1948 he became a British citizen. During the late 1940s he resumed writing children's books in German, most of which were published in the series Geschichten aus dem Freundschaftsland, edited by the Austrian Socialist Democrat Hans Saliger, and Kinder spielen Theater. Bühne der Kinderfreunde, with Jungbrunnen Verlag in Vienna. After his retirement, he settled in Bexhill on the south coast of England, where he continued to write children's stories, radio plays for both children and adults, plays, and occasional journalistic pieces. His children's books, which appeared under the pseudonym Friedrich Feld, 40 were widely translated. Some of his books were written originally as radio plays and broadcast throughout Europe, as well as Australia and New Zealand. Some of his stories and plays for children have been recorded. He also wrote plays for young adults, with themes from the French Revolution and from the American Civil War intended for school productions.

40 This author was unable to find out if Friedrich Feld was a pen name only, or if Rosenfeld officially changed his surname to Feld in the UK.

Friedrich Feld

75

The Archives of the Jungbrunnen Verlag (Vienna) hold the manuscripts and correspondence.

Der Flug ins Karfunkelland 1.

Der Flug ins Karfunkelland. Eine fast wahre Geschichte, voll seltsamer Abenteur. [By] Friedrich Feld. Illustriert von Karl Köhler. Wien: Jungbrunnen, [1948]. 223p.

Content: Reminiscent of Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels, this story is a fantasy about the travels of little Rubin (Karfunkel) and his cat to five different lands or kingdoms. Note: First published in the Czech translation in 1935. The manuscript was allegedly written in Vienna in 1933. This edition is the first published German-language edition. Location: Internationales Institut für Jugendliteratur und Leseforschung, Wien. Czech 1.a

Letadlem do zemS divü. Neuvg fiteinepfibShy chlapce Rubina α koöky &£i. Napsal Bedrich Rosenfeld. Prelozila L. Kratochvilovä. Ilustroval Pavel Cerny. Obälku kreslil Fr. Voborsky. Nakladatelstvi Jos. Hokr ν Praze, [1935]. 173p.

Note: This Czech translation is the first published edition. Location: Närodni knihovna Ceske republiky (National Library of the Czech Republic), Praha.

Oer Regenbogen fährt nach Masagara 2.

Der Regenbogen fährt nach Masagara. Ein Kinderbuch. [By] Fritz Rosenfeld. Redigiert von Dr. R. Schroubek und Dr. F. Longin. Prag: Staatliche Verlagsanstalt, 1938. 141p.

Content: Two boys, Ted and Till, travel aboard a folding boat called "Regenbogen" (or "Duha" in Czech) to the city of Masagara in search of a valuable stamp and in hope of earning the prize, a motor boat. Note: First published in the Czech translation in 1937. The manuscript was allegedly written in 1934. This illustrated edition lists no name of the illustrator. Location: Die Deutsche Bibliothek - Deutsche Bücherei, Leipzig. 2.a

Der Regenbogen fährt nach Masagara. Ein Abenteuerbuch für Faltbootfahrer und Zirkusfreunde, Briefmarkensammler und andere junge Leute. [By] Friedrich Feld. Zeichnungen von Karl Köhler. [Wien]: Jungbrunnen Verlag, [cl950], 153p. (Bunte Reihe, Heft 1.)

Note: This is the first German-language edition published in Austria. Location: Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Wien.

76

Friedrich Feld

Czech 2.b

"Duha" jede do Masagary. (Dobrodruinä cesta dvou hochu.) [By] Bedrich Rosenfeld. Prelozil Jaroslav Rüzicka. Obräzky nakreslila sestnäctiletä Alena Herbenovä. Stätni nakladatelstvi ν Praze, 1937. 136p.

Note: The Czech translation was first published in a shortened version, serialized, in the Prague youth weekly Mlady svet, beginning with the issue of September 3, 1935. Location: Närodni knihovna Ceske republiky (National Library of the Czech Republic), Praha.

Der Brunnen von Almazar 3.

Der Brunnen von Almazar. Ein Märchenspiel in 3 Akten. [By] Friedrich Feld. Nach dem gleichnamigen Hörspiel für die Bühne bearbeitet von Arthur Walter. Wien: Verlag Jungbrunnen, 1946.57p. (Kinder spielen Theater. Bühne der Kinderfreunde, 2.)

Content: Dramatized fantasy story. Note: No copy of this edition available for examination.41 3.a

Der Brunnen von Almazar. Ein Märchenspiel in 3 Akten. [By] Friedrich Feld. Nach dem gleichnamigen Hörspiel für die Bühne bearbeitet von Arthur Walter. Wien: Verlag Jungbrunnen, 1949. 57p.

Location: Archives of the Jungbrunnen Verlag, Vienna.

Der silberne Stern 4.

Der silberne Stern. Ein Weihnachtsspiel für Kinder. [By] Friedrich Feld. Wien: Verlag Jungbrunnen, 1947. 47p. (Kinder spielen Theater. Bühne der Kinderfreunde, [3].)

Content: Christmas play. Note: Second edition published in 1950. Location: Archives of the Jungbrunnen Verlag, Vienna.

Es war einmal ein Esel 5.

Es war einmal ein Esel. Eine Erzählung für Kinder. [By] Friedrich Feld. Zeichnungen von Walter Harnisch. Wien: Jungbrunnen, 1948. 31p. (Geschichten aus dem Freundschaftsland, 3.)

41 The information about this first edition available at the Archives of the Jungbrunnen Verlag in Vienna.

Friedrich Feld

77

Content: Story of the friendship between a sickly boy and a donkey. Note: The publication of this story in the series: Geschichten aus dem Freundschaftsland, was preceeded by the book Der Bauer und der Wassergeist und andere Geschichten aus dem Freundschaftsland, Band 2. That book appears to be no longer extant. Location: Archives of the Jungbrunnen Verlag, Vienna.

1414 geht auf Urlaub 6.

1414 geht auf Urlaub. Eine Uhr steht still. Erzählungen für Kinder. [By] Friedrich Feld. Wien: Jungbrunnen, 1948. 63p. (Geschichten aus dem Freundschaftsland, 4/5.)

Content: A make-believe story about an old locomotive who pulled a local train for sixty-one years. In need of a vacation, and an adventure, it runs away for one night, picks up a passenger, a little boy, and helps him find a wonder flower that will cure his sick sister. Note: No copy of this edition could be examined for collation with the second edition (no. 6.a) to check for illustrations and the number of stories in the book. 42 6.a

1414 geht auf Urlaub und andere Erzählungen. [By] Friedrich Feld. Illustriert von Walter Harnisch. 2. Auflage. Wien: Jungbrunnen, 1950. 107p.

Location: Internationales Institut für Jugendliteratur und Leseforschung, Wien.

Die Zaubergeige 7.

Die Zaubergeige. Ein Weihnachtsspiel in 6 Bildern. [By] Fritz Rosenfeld. Wien: Verlag Jungbrunnen, 1948. 39p. (Kinder spielen Theater. Bühne der Kinderfreunde, 7.)

Subject: Christmas fairy tale prepared for stage performances. Location: Archives of the Jungbrunnen Verlag, Vienna.

Amir, der Riese 8.

Amir, der Riese. Eine abenteuerliche Geschichte für fröhliche Buben und Mädel. [By] Friedrich Feld. Illustriert von Rudolf Dirr. Wien: Jungbrunnen, 1949. 47p. (Geschichten aus dem Freundschaftsland, 8.)

Content: Fantasy story about a little girl who coaxes a giant to help her town, in return for reversing a spell cast over the giant. Location: Internationales Institut für Jugendliteratur und Leseforschung, Wien.

i2

ibid.

78

Friedrich Feld

Der gefrorene 9.

Wasserfall

Der gefrorene Wasserfall. Eine Erzählung von mutigen Buben und Mädeln. [By] Friedrich Feld. Illustriert von Rudolf Dirr. Wien: Jungbrunnen, 1949.37p. (Geschichten aus dem Freundschaftsland, 10.)

Content: Small-town children uncover the culprit, a sorcerer, who has frozen the town's waterfall and incapacitated the electric plant. Location: Internationales Institut für Jugendliteratur und Leseforschung, Wien.

Der weisse 10.

Wald

Der weisse Wald. Ein Weihnachtsmärchen in sechs Bildern. [By] Friedrich Feld. Wien: Verlag Jungbrunnen, 1949. 39p. (Kinder spielen Theater. Bühne der Kinderfreunde, 9.)

Content: Dramatized Christmas fairy tale. Location: Archives of the Jungbrunnen Verlag, Vienna.

Echo auf Reisen 11.

Echo auf Reisen. Eine mehr als geheimnisvolle Erzählung für Kinder. [By] Friedrich Feld. Illustrationen von Rudolf Dirr. Wien: Jungbrunnen, 1950.47p. (Bunte Reihe, 6.)

Content: The famous triple echo from the the alpine region of Adlersklamm disappears from the mountains one day. During his brief visit to a city, the echo succeeds in convincing an elderly rich and grouchy gentleman to share his beautiful garden with city children and save them from playing on city streets. Location: Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Wien.

Kolibn und Farinari 12.

Kolibri und Farinari. Drei lustige Spiele voll seltsamer Abenteur. [By] Friedrich Feld. Wien: Verlag Jungbrunnen, 1950.36p. (Kinder spielen Theater. Bühne der Kinderfreude, [14].)

Content: Three humorous plays. Location: Archives of the Jungbrunnen Verlag, Vienna.

Der musikalische 13.

Regenschirm

Der musikalische Regenschirm. Eine spannende Geschichte für aufgeweckte Mädel und Buben. [By] Friedrich Feld. [Textzeichnungen und Umschlag von

Fini

79

Walter Harnisch]. Wien: Verlag Jungbrunnen, 1950. 45p. (Geschichten aus dem Freundschaftsland, 12.) Content: A brother and a sister help an old gentleman, the inventor of a musical umbrella, get back his umbrella after it was appropriated by a dishonest old man. The children receive a cash reward and buy a sewing machine for their mother's birthday. Location: Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Wien.

Fini {recte Fini Littlejohn-Rudiger, *1914) b. November 25,1914, Vienna, AHM Exile: 1937 USA Josephine Rüdiger was born on November 25,1914, in Vienna. She attended boarding schools in France and Berlin before she enrolled in the Kunstgewerbeschule (Arts and Crafts School) in Vienna. There she studied illustration in addition to fashion and stage design. In the mid-1930s she was an actress performing under the stage name of Fini Rudiger in Viennese theaters, literary cabarets, and in one film. In January of 1937, Fini, a Jew, felt threatened in Vienna. She traveled on a tourist visa first to New York City then, after a few months, to Cuba. From Cuba she emigrated to the USA in the same year. To earn money for living in New York City, she successfully used skills she had acquired in the fields of illustration and interior design. Her first illustrations for a children's book were published in 1937. In 1938 she moved to California and worked at several film companies and studios including Walt Disney Studios from 1940 to 1941. She was a story researcher, costume designer, and creator of models for such classic characters as Dumbo, Cinderella, and Pinocchio. In 1943 she married the animator William Littlejohn. Together they promoted, and contributed to the growth of, the animated film during the 1960s and 1970s. In 1984 Fini utilized her public relations skills to organize a most successful festival of international animated film during the Olympic Games in Los Angeles. Illustrations for two children's books published in the mid-1940s were created during her sojourn in Connecticut, where she lived with her husband and a daughter. She signed her artwork as Fini. Fini lives in Malibu, California, where she continues to engage in many civic activities.

The Story ofLi-Lo 1.

The Story of Li-Lo. By Ann Mersereau. With pictures by Fini Rüdiger. First edition. New York/London: Harper & Brothers, 1937. [27]p.

Fini

80

Illustrations: Brush and ink and watercolors. Location: Teaching Materials Center at the State University of New York College, Cortland.

First Nursery Songs 2.

First Nursery Songs. Arranged by Leonore Rose Smith. Illustrated by Fini. Garden City/New York: Garden City Publishing Co., Inc., [cl945], 46p.

Illustrations: Watercolors. Location: Alson H. Smith Jr. Library at Shenandoah University, Winchester, Virginia.

The Seven Little Elephants 3.

The Seven Little Elephants. By William Hall. Pictures by Fini. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company, [cl947]. [31]p.

Illustrations: Watercolors. Location: The Memorial Library of Southwestern College, Winfield, Kansas.

Margaret Fisher (recte Grete Fischer, 1893-1977) b. February 6,1893, Prague, AHM; d. March 28,1977, London, UK Exile: 1934 UK Grete Fischer was born on February 6,1893, in Prague. 43 She attended elementary and secondary schools in Prague and studied music and German philology at the Charles University in Prague. During WWI she moved to Berlin, Germany, where she worked as a publishers' reader, and was a music critic for several Berlin newspapers. She also wrote short stories for several newspapers under various pseudonyms. A novel she completed in 1933 was never published. Unable to work any longer in Germany because of her Jewish background, she emigrated to the United Kingdom in 1934. In London she was tutoring students in German and piano, did translating work, and resumed writing articles for newspapers and journals. During the 1940s she wrote and published several books for children under the name of Margaret Fisher. With fellow emigres she co-founded Club 1943, a section of the Free German League of Culture, comprised of non-communist, mostly Jewish, emigre writers living in London and the environs.

43 Grete Fischer, Dienstboten, Walter-Verlag, 1966).

Brecht und andere Zeitgenossen

in Prag, Berlin, London (Ölten:

Margaret Fisher

81

In the mid-1940s she began working with developmentally disabled children. She wrote several articles and a book on the subject. Additional exile writings include her memoirs, Dienstboten, Brecht und andere. Zeitgenossen in Prag, Berlin, London (1966), and two books of poetry. Grete Fischer died in London on March 28, 1977. A part of her literary legacy is held by the Deutsches Literaturarchiv (Marbach/N).

Banana Circus 1.

Banana Circus. [Told by Margaret Fisher and Henry Rox. Modelling and pictures by Henry Rox]. London: Hammond, Hammond & Company LTD, n.d. [48]p.

Content: Eight bananas play circus. Note: Published in 1943. Location: The Nathan Marsh Pusey Library at Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts. 1.a

Banana Circus. [Modelling and pictures by] Henry Rox. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, [cl943], [48]p.

Note: Margaret Fisher's name is not printed anywhere in the book. The text and pictures are identical to the London edition. Location: Public Library of Cincinnati and Hamilton County, Cincinnati, Ohio.

The Bread We Eat 2.

The Bread We Eat. Shown in colour photography by Douglas Glass and described by Margaret Fisher. Drawings by Patric O'Keefe. London/Glasgow: Collins, [1944]. 35p.

Content: Story of bread. Location: British Library, London.

What a Thread Can Do 3.

What a Thread Can Do. Shown in colour photography by Anneli Bunyard and described by M. Fisher. London/Glasgow: Collins, [1945]. 36p. (How Things Are Made.)

Content: Story of thread. Location: British Library, London.

82

Margaret Fisher

The House That Jack Built 4.

The House That Jack Built. Shown in colour photography by G. Wells and described by Margaret Fisher. Drawings by Patric O'Keefe. London/Glasgow: Collins, [1946], 36p. (How Things Are Made.)

Content: Story of house building. Location : British Library, London.

Break the Pot, Make the Pot 5.

Break the Pot, Make the Pot. Shown in colour photography by Douglas Glass and described by Margaret Fisher. Drawings by Elizabeth. London/Glasgow: Collins, [1946], 35p. (How Things Are Made.)

Content: Story about pottery making. Location: British Library, London.

Florian (recte Florian Kraner, 1908-1976) b. June 7,1908, Vienna, AHM; d. December 11,1976, New York, USA Exile: 1935 USA Florian Kraner was born on June 7, 1908, in Vienna. He attended elementary and secondary schools (which included the Trade School of Woodwork and Design) in Vienna. He was an apprentice, then master craftsman, in marqueting (inlay) in Vienna. He also attended the Kunstgewerbeschule (Arts and Crafts School), from where he received a certificate in 1934. In 1935 he emigrated to the USA and accepted the post of art director for the Earle Racy Advertising Agency in Dallas, Texas. In the same year, he was a winner in the Texas Centennial Poster Contest. In 1936 he took a job as the art director for the Baron Colliers Street and Railways Advertising Agency in New York City. In addition to his work in the fields of advertising art and graphic design, he worked on murals, created pictorial maps, and was a book cover designer and a book illustrator. In 1953 Florian Kraner obtained the position of lecturer in the Art Department of the City College of New York. By the early 1970s he was awarded the rank of a professor, and was credited with having contributed to the growth and prestige of the department in the areas of communication and advertising art, and with educating a generation of students who pursued successful careers in commercial art. He also achieved recognition as a painter in the watercolor and casein media. His works were exhibited throughout the United States and abroad, under the sponsorship of the State Department and the United Nations. His paintings won numerous prizes and awards.

Florian

83

Florian Kraner died on December 11, 1976, in New York City. A part of his artistic legacy, the artwork for children's books, is held by the Children's Literature Research Collection at the University of Minnesota (Minneapolis).

The Covered Wagon 1.

The Covered Wagon. By May McNeer. Illustrated by Florian. New York: Artists & Writers Guild, Inc. Distributed by Grosset & Dunlap, [cl944]. 28p.

Illustrations: Colored line drawings. Location: Wyoming State Library, Cheyenne.

The Long-Ago Book 2.

The Long-Ago Book. Arranged by George Hornby & Allen Hofrichter. Illustrated by Florian. [New York]: L. B. Fischer Publishing Corp., [cl944]. [32]p.

Illustrations: Grey wash drawings and watercolors. Location: The Baldwin Library at the University of Florida, Gainesville.

Young Fighters of the Soviets 3.

Young Fighters of the Soviets. By Vera Edelstadt. Illustrated by Florian. First edition. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1944. 104p. (Adventure Tales for Younger Readers.)

Illustrations: Pen and ink drawings and watercolors. Note: Published simultaneously in Canada by the Ryerson Press. Location: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Libraries, Blacksburg.

The Bible Picture Book 4.

The Bible Picture Book. Illustrated by Florian. Garden City/New York: Garden City Publishing Co., Inc., [cl945]. [48]p.

Illustrations: Pencil and ink drawings and watercolors. Note: Seven illustrated stories from the Old Testament. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Wonder Tales of Giants and Dwarfs 5.

Wonder Tales of Giants and Dwarfs. Adapted by Janet Murtaugh. Illustrated by Florian. New York: Random House (Distributors), The Domesday Press, Inc. (Producers and Designers), [cl945]. 65p.

84

Florian

Illustrations: Pencil and ink drawings and watercolors. Location: Fondren Library at Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas.

Come with Us to Story Book Land 6.

Come with Us to Story Book Land. Illustrated by Florian. [New York]: The Domesday Press, Inc., [ c l 9 4 6 ] . [58]p. (Pied Piper Books.)

Illustrations: Wolffs pencil drawings and watercolors. Note: Six stories: "Rip Van Winkle," "Rapunzel," The Pied Piper," "Pinocchio," " J a c k and the Beanstalk," and "Ali B a b a . " Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Famous Myths of the Golden Age 7.

Famous Myths of the Golden Age. Retold by Beatrice Alexander. Illustrated by Florian. New York: Random House, [ c l 9 4 7 ] , 61 p.

Illustrations: Pencil and ink drawings and watercolors. Note: Published simultaneously by Random House of Canada, Ltd. Location: George B . Stevenson Library at L o c k Haven University, Lock Haven, Pennsylvania.

King Arthur and His Knights of the Round Table 8.

King Arthur and His Knights of the Round Table. From Sir Thomas Malory's Le Morte d'Arthur. Edited by Sidney Lanier. Illustrated by Florian. New York: Grosset & Dunlap Publishers, [ c l 9 5 0 ] . 282p. (Illustrated Junior Library.)

Illustrations: Pencil and ink drawings and watercolors. Note: Published simultaneously by MacDonald & Co. Ltd. London. Location: Library o f Congress, Washington, D.C.

Mariana Frenk (recte Mariana Frenk-Westheim, *1898) b. J u n e 4 , 1 8 9 8 , Hamburg, Germany Exile: 1933 Mexico Born Marianne Freund on June 4, 1898, she attended a secondary school and took university extension courses in Spanish, French, and Portuguese languages and literatures in Hamburg. She married the physician Ernst Frenk, and they later had two children. Witnessing political turmoil and sensing difficult times ahead, the Frenk family decided to try work opportunities abroad. In 1930 they sailed to Mexico where

Mariana Frenk

85

"[...] destiny or History converted my life into exile." 44 In Mexico City Mariana Frenk taught German at several universities and was active as a translator. She lost her husband to poor health in 1957 and married again, this time to the art critic Paul Westheim. Mariana Frenk began her literary career in the 1930s writing children's stories and plays. One of the stories, Muchos somos, muchisimos, was published as a book. Another story, El cuento de los camiones chicos (The Story of the Little Buses), was published in several magazines. The rest of her stories for children remain as unpublished typescripts. One play, El sastre embrujado (The Bewitched Tailor) was based on a Sholem Aleichem story. It was produced in the theater of the Palacio de Bellas Artes in the 1940s with proceeds benefiting the children of Nazi victims. She also wrote aphorisms and short stories for adults in Spanish, which were published in literary magazines and finally as a book under the title Y mil aventuras by Joaquin Mortiz in 1992, with a second edition being published by Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana in 1997. Mariana Frenk-Westheim lives in Mexico City where she worked until recently as a coordinator in the Museo de Artes Moderno. Her literary legacy, including her unpublished work, is in her possession.

Muchos somos, 1.

muchisimos

Muchos somos, muchisimos. [By] Mariana Frenk. [Illustrated by] Julio Prieto. [Mexico City]: Secretaria de Educacion Publica, [n.d.]. 64p.

Content: This is the story of a young boy from a working-class background who finds meaning and enjoyment in recreational activities of Socialist Youth groups. Note: According to the author, this book was published in 1936. It was awarded first prize in the category of children's stories in a competition in 1937 in Mexico City. Several Mexican magazines for children reprinted the story. It was also translated into Czech by fellow emigre Alice Rühle-Gerstel and printed in a Prague journal. 45 Location: Biblioteca Nacional de Mexico, Mexico.

44 The information for this biography is based on a letter, dated February 26, 1989, Mariana FrenkWestheim sent to this author, and on a 1997 interview she gave to John Spalek in Mexico City. 45

ibid.

Hanna Fuchs

86

Hanna Fuchs (Hansi Foks, 1907-1991) b. March 11,1907, Mährisch-Ostrau, AHM; d. May 27,1991, Melbourne, Australia Exile: 1933 France; 1941 Switzerland; 1947 Australia Born into a German-speaking Jewish family in Mährisch-Ostrau, now Ostrava, Moravia in the Czech Republic, Hanna/Hansi was schooled at home and at a German school of music in Prague from which she graduated as a music teacher. From 1930 to 1933 she lived in Berlin and associated with leftist artists and performers. She took part in cabaret and literary productions and wrote poetry and cabaret pieces. When Hitler came to power she moved to Paris with her Czech passport. She studied German and French literature at the Sorbonne, socialized with leftist intellectuals, among them Lucien Goldmann (1913-1970), a well-known literary critic, and published a book of poetry, Chimären. Gedichte (Paris, 1938).46 Fleeing German occupation of Paris, Hansi lived for a period of time in Southern France where she met Richard Leuf, the Viennese engineer who wrote plays and poetry under the pen name of Georg Wolf. In 1941/42 the two illegally crossed the Swiss border, were denounced to the Swiss authorities, and placed in the refugee camp, Aeugst am Albis (Aeugst on the river Albis) in the canton of Zurich. Hansi participated in the social activities of the camp, organizing revues and other forms of entertainment. Her religious marriage to Richard Leuf, although legally not recognized, produced in 1943 a child, Guido Hermann. Although depressed after hearing about the death of her father and the deportation of her mother to a concentration camp, Guido's birth made Hansi determined to survive. After the Swiss authorities eased their refugee status, and eventually released them from the camp, Hansi lived with her young son near and in Zurich. At this time she wrote and published a children's story, Jacquelines Traumland. She also contributed articles to Swiss journals using several pseudonyms.47 In 1947 both Hansi and Guido emigrated to Australia, sponsored by Hansi's sister who had lived in Australia since 1939. Hansi settled in Melbourne, changed her name to Hansi Foks, and became a naturalized citizen in 1953. She worked at odd jobs to earn a living. Eventually she taught piano and foreign languages at home and in various private schools. She also worked as a punch powers operator on machines that were mechanical forerunners of computers. In her later years Hansi received restitution and a pension from the German government, which enabled her to maintain an apartment provided by a local Jewish organization. She remained culturally and politically active. She also wrote poetry, essays, and a children's story, a sequel to

46

A new edition was published in 1950 in Australia under the author's new name, Hansi Foks.

47

Known pseudonyms include Hans Fuchs and Jenny Fux.

Dori Furth

87

Jacquelines Traumland, entitled "In and Out of the Sanctuary." It was to be published with illustrations by Mirka Moira, however, the publisher went bankrupt. 48 Only a few of her writings were translated into English and later published in anthologies of multi-cultural writers. Hansi was a member of the Multi-cultural Women Writers' Association, and the Alliance Frangaise; she participated in moratoriums against the Vietnam War, and demonstrated for the rights of the Australian Aborigines. Hansi died on May 27, 1991, in Melbourne. Her literary remains are held by her son Jack/Guido Hermann Foks (Melbourne).

Jacquelines 1.

Traumland

Jacquelines Traumland. Ein Buch für die Jugend mit Farbenbildern und Federzeichnungen. Text Hanna Fuchs. Bilder Curry. Wädenswil/Zürich: Verlag Jak. Villiger & Cie., n.d. 36p.

Content: The eleven-year-old Jacqueline tells her dolls make-believe stories to put them to sleep. Note: Published in 1946. The cover page illustration bears the names "Jenny Fux" in the bottom left corner, "Curry" in the bottom right corner.49 Location: Schweizerische Landesbibliothek, Bern.

Dori Furth (1912-1999) b. July 5,1912, Berlin, Germany; d. September 7,1999, New York, USA Exile: 1936 Holland; 1937 UK; 1941 USA Dora/Dori Fürth was born in Berlin.50 Her Austrian father was a successful businessman with offices in Holland, the UK, and the USA, in addition to Germany. After completing the gymnasium Dori worked as a secretary, spent a year in France, andl936 left Germany with her parents for fear of racial harassment. They lived in Amsterdam where her father had a business office. In 1937 Dori moved to England and worked in London as a secretary in a law firm. Shortly before the German occupation of Holland, her parents joined her in London from where the family emigrated to the USA in July 1941. Dori worked as a secretary to earn a living. In 1945 she began attending night classes at New York University studying law. In 1949 she obtained a law degree and worked

48

Master copies are held by the author's son, Jack Foks, in Melbourne.

49

The examined copy is owned by Hansi's granddaughter in Australia.

50

The information for this biography is based on an interview Eve Lee conducted with Dori Furth in 1990 in New York.

88

Dori Furth

as a lawyer in New York City, specializing in estate law, until her retirement in 1985. A lover of poetry, music, literature, and a choir singer, Dori frequently translated lyrics from German into English for her fellow choristers at The Dessoff Choirs. In 1947 she wrote a children's story for a convalescing boy. It was published in the same year with illustrations by Lisi Weil, a fellow emigre. After her retirement, Dori worked as a volunteer for the New York Public Library. She died on September 7, 1999.

Back in Time for Supper 1.

Back in Time for Supper. Story by Dori Furth. Pictures by Lisi Weil. Philadelphia: McKay, [cl947]. 32p.

Content: A young New York City boy likes asking questions. His younger sister likes good food. They decide to visit their grandparents in San Francisco, under the condition they be back in time for supper. With help of a flying taxi, winds of a hurricane, and wings of an eagle, they travel 3,000 miles and arrive in time for grandmother's Sunday dinner. The grandfather, who knows everything, answers all questions and finds a magic carpet to take children back home for a pancake supper. Note: Written for a friend's son who fell ill with measles at the time. Location: Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

Maria Gleit (recte Hertha Hofmann-Gleitsmann, 1909-1981) b. February 28,1909, Crimmitschau, Germany; d. July 9,1981, Brissago, Switzerland Exile: 1935 Switzerland, Luxembourg, France; 1940 USA; 1951 Switzerland Hertha Gleitsmann was born in Saxony to a working-class family. As a teenager, she wrote short stories. Upon completion of a trade school (business), she was associated with the Zwickau newspaper, Das Sächsische Volksblatt, where she met and befriended the leftist journalist and writer Walther Victor (1895-1971). In 1931 she followed Victor to Berlin, where she worked as a freelance journalist and a writer of adult fiction. She wrote under the pseudonym Maria Gleit, contributing her articles to several Berlin newspapers, notably 8-Uhr Abendblatt and Berliner Tageblatt. In 1933 Walther Victor, a Jew, was forced to flee Berlin. Hertha joined him and, for a period of time, they lived on the island of Reichenau, Lake Constanze, engaging in antifascist activities. In 1935 they emigrated to Switzerland where they attempted to settle, especially after their son was born in Locarno in 1937. Without a permanent residence permit, however, they were again forced to flee, first to Luxembourg then

Maria Gleit

89

to France. During a brief sojourn in England, Hertha and Victor were married. When the Nazis marched into France, Hertha and her little son, Vito, lived on the road, escaping to Southern France. Eventually Victor, Hertha and Vito were reunited. Escaping from France to Spain, they sailed from Portugal to the United States in 1940. During Hertha's exile in Switzerland and Luxembourg, she wrote journal articles and several works of fiction for adults and children. Some of her books, including the books for children, were published in Germany. In New York City Hertha continued to write and publish books for children, writing in English about European children fighting against the enemy in the war. Published during the 1940s, these books made her known in the USA, as the theme of WWII in children's literature was sought after by educators and publishers at the time. In 1947 Hertha and Victor divorced. Shortly thereafter she married Leo Hofmann, a Swiss citizen, with whom she moved to Switzerland in 1951. She wrote no other books for children. Hertha Hofmann-Gleitsmann committed suicide by drug overdose on July 9, 1981, in Brissago, Switzerland, shortly after the death of her second husband. She was buried in nearby Zollikon. The manuscripts, letters, documents, and other papers left in her residence at the time of her death were destroyed, as she had requested. 51 Some documents and letters survive at the Bundesarchiv (Berlin), the Walther Victor Archives at the Stiftung Archiv der Akademie der Künste (Berlin), and in the possession of her son, Vito Victor (California).

Streit um Rosel 1.

Streit um Rosel. [By] Maria Gleit. Illustrationen von Hans Diestelkamp. Berlin: Hanns-Jörg Fischer Verlag, [1936]. 110p.

Content: The story of friendship between a German girl, whose father was wounded during WWI in France, and a French boy, whose family helped the wounded father. Note: A later edition appeared under the title Abenteuer am See. Die Geschichte einer Freundschaft. Location: Privately owned by Barbara Asper, Berlin.

Ein ganzes Mädel 2.

Ein ganzes Mädel. Was ein Mädel alles erleben kann. [By] Maria Gleit. Berlin: Hanns-Jörg Fischer Verlag, [1937], 142p.

Content: A young girl accompanies her doctor father to Africa where she nurses sick natives. Location: Privately owned by Barbara Asper, Berlin.

51

Vito Victor in a letter to this author dated August 24, 1993.

90

Maria Gleit

Sa Tu Sai führt Krieg 3.

Sa Tu Sai führt Krieg. [By] Maria Gleit. [Umschlagzeichnung von Lotte Oldenburg-Wittig]. Berlin: Hanns-Jörg Fischer Verlag, n.d. 192p.

Content: Sa Tu Sai, a young Chinese girl who was sold by her impoverished family to a trader, works as a child laborer in a silk factory. Kind and generous, she helps other child-laborers, especially a small and helpless boy named Tu Ku. During an air raid, while searching for Tu Ku who is believed dead, she displays extraordinary bravery by helping the weak and wounded Chinese and Japanese citizens, and is killed. Note: Renamed Kleine Hände helfen; copies of both titles are hard to locate today. It is also difficult to establish the date of publication, since the publisher, Hanns-Jörg Fischer, was excluded from the address list of the German book trade around 1935. Sa Tu Sai führt Krieg is assumed to have been published first, since it contains a longer introductory chapter on China.52 Location: Privately owned by Barbara Asper, Berlin. English 3.a

Child of China. By Maria Gleit.. [Translated by E. F. Peeler], Illustrated by Walter Holz. London/New York/Toronto: Oxford University Press, [1939]. 188p.

Note: In the English translation Sa Tu Sai survives. Location: Olin Library at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. Norwegian 3.b

Kineserpiken Sa Tu Sai. [By] Maria Gleit. [Translated by] Antoinette Gram. [First edition], Oslo: Nasjonalforlaget, 1946. 170p.

Location: NorskBarnebokinstitutt (Norwegian Institute for Children's Books), Oslo. Danish 3.c

Kineserpigen. [By] Maria Gleit. [Oversat af Irene Voigt. Omslaget ar tagnet af lb Spang Olsen. K0benhavn]: Kunst og Kultur, [1950], 128p. (Kunst og Kultur, 7.)

Location: Danmarks Psdagogiske Bibliotek, K0benhavn.

52

Barbara Asper in a letter to this author dated May 29, 1996.

Maria Gleit

91

Mein Vater war auch dabei 4.

Mein Vater war auch dabei. Geschichte einer Kindheit. [By] Maria Gleit. Umschlagzeichnung von Frau Lotte Oldenburg-Wittig. Berlin/Leipzig: HannsJörg Fischer Verlag, n.d. 192p.

Content: The story of the author's childhood during WWI. Note: 1947 is the year given on the acquisition stamp of the examined copy. Location: Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

Pierre Keeps Watch 5.

Pierre Keeps Watch. By Maria Gleit. Illustrated by Helene Carter. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1944. 21 lp.

Content: Pierre, a fourteen-year-old shepherd boy in the French mountains, hides the village sheep and saves them from the Nazis. Note: Dedicated: "To Anna C. Wiener." Location: Teaching Materials Center at the State University of New York College, Cortland.

Katrina 6.

Katrina. By Maria Gleit. Illustrated by Nedda Walker. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1945. 239p.

Content: Katrina Specht, a fifteen-year-old member of the resistance movement in Luxembourg under German occupation in 1942, helps an old priest organize a forbidden pilgrimage to the shrine of Our Lady in Luxembourg City. Note: Dedicated: "To those friends in Luxembourg who made it possible for me to survive the onslaught of barbarism and to write this book. To all those in Luxembourg who fought and died for freedom." Location: Nazareth College of Rochester Library, Rochester, New York. Norwegian 6.a

Piken fra m0llekroen. [By] Maria Gleit. [Translated by] Eugenie Winther. [First edition]. Oslo: N. W. Damm & Son, 1948. 213p.

Location: Norsk Barnebokinstitutt (Norwegian Institute for Children's Books), Oslo.

Niko's 7.

Mountains

Niko's Mountains. [By] Maria Gleit. Illustrated by Mimi Korach. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1946. 259p.

92

Maria Gleit

Content: The Red Cross sends Niko (an angry twelve-year-old French-Armenian boy whose father disappeared during the war and whose mother is ill) to Switzerland, to spend the summer with a Swiss family. Among the members of a happy and healthy Swiss family Niko regains piece of mind and is looking forward to a brighter future. Note: Dedicated: "Across the ocean to my two Swiss friends Ida Gerig and Augusta Mayer who have done so much to ease the lot of the children of Europe." Location: Beatley Library at Simmons College, Boston, Massachusetts.

Paul Tiber, Forester 8.

Paul Tiber, Forester. [By] Maria Gleit. Illustrated by Ralph Ray. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1949. 209p.

Content: A fictionalized biography of the forester Stanley Mesavage, a miner's son who became famous for making his drab-looking mining town green and beautiful. Note: Dedicated: "To Elizabeth Taylor Shipley [and] Margaret Steel Moss and the green world of Forty Acres where most of this book has been written." Location: Library of the University of New Hampshire, Durham.

Gregor Gog (1891-1945) b. November 7,1891, Schwerin, Germany; d. October 7,1945, Tashkent, USSR Exile: 1933 Switzerland; 1936 USSR Gregor Gog was born on November 7, 1891, in Schwerin an der Warthe. He completed secondary schooling and enrolled in a seminary preparing students for the priesthood, later earned a living as a factory worker and a gardener, then enlisted in the German navy during WWI. In the 1920s he traveled widely, in Germany and abroad, and worked as a freelance journalist/writer and an educator. He made his reputation as an ardent supporter of the Vagabundenbewegung (Movement of Vagabonds). He participated in the founding of the Brotherhood of Vagabonds in 1927 in Germany, focusing on obtaining a class status for vagabonds. He also fostered the artistic talents of its members and edited two journals, Der Kunde and Der Vagabund. In 1933 Gregor Gog was sent to the concentration camps, but he was released because of illness. In the same year he emigrated to Switzerland where he remained until in 1936 he was invited to Moscow. After settling in Moscow, he worked with orphans as a social worker.53 He contributed articles to German-language literary magazines

^Library of Congress holds his pamphlet on the art education of Soviet children, translated into Spanish and published in Montevideo in 1941.

Lisbeth Gombrich

93

published in Moscow. He also collected Soviet fairy tales, aphorisms, and proverbial expressions which came into being during the 1941 to 1945 war with Nazi Germany. 54 In 1941 he was evacuated from Moscow along with other German emigres. After living and working several years in different Soviet republics in Asia, he settled from 1944-1945 in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Gregor Gog died on October 7,1945, in Fergana/Tashkent. His literary legacy is held by the Stiftung Archiv der Akademie der Künste (Berlin).

Sovetskie deti rasskazyvaiut 1.

Sovetskie deti rasskazyvaiut: Ocherki i rasskazy. Söst, i red. G. Gog. Moskva: Izdatel'stvo literatury na inostrannykh iazykakh, 1941. 96p.

Content: The first part contains children's essays on meeting Comrade Stalin. The second part is a collection of short stories written by children for the contest "Our Homeland." There are children's illustrations, and photographs of children, in the text. Location: Rossiskaya gosudarstvennaya biblioteka (Russian State Library), Moskva. German l.a

Sowjetkinder erzählen. Zusammengestellt und redigiert von Gregor Gog. Deutsch von Gabriele Gog und Gregor Gog. Moskau: Verlag für fremdsprachige Literatur, 1941. 94p.

Note: Gregor Gog and his wife Gabriele's translation of Sovietskie deti rasskazyvaiut into German. This edition also includes children's illustrations and photographs. Location: Stiftung Archiv der Akademie der Künste, Berlin.

Lisbeth Gombrich (1907-1994) b. March 12,1907, Vienna, AHM; d. December 12,1994, Oxford, UK Exile: 1938 Switzerland, UK Lisbeth Dorothea Johanna Gombrich was born on March 12, 1907, in Vienna. She received her education at the Humanistisches Gymnasium and the University of Vienna. She graduated with a law degree in 1931, and worked subsequently in a law office (in addition to privately teaching English). As a leftist law student with a Jewish background, she was advised to leave Austria in 1938. She stayed briefly in Switzerland, but soon left for London. In 1941 she moved to Oxford, England. In Oxford she worked in various occupations until 1950, when she accepted a position

54

These collections remain unpublished.

94

Lisbeth Gombrich

in the Commonwealth Forestry Bureau. First she worked as a secretary and then as an abstractor of scientific forestry literature from various languages. She also freelanced as a translator. Between 1943 and 1948 Lisbeth loosely translated four children's stories into English, which were published in London and Glasgow. Two of these stories were prepared jointly for publication by Collins Publishers with the doll designer, Amalia Serkin, and the photographer, Zoltän Wegner, fellow Austrian emigres. The fourth story was published by Max Parrish in association with Chanticleer Press in London and New York. Before 1943 and after 1948 Lisbeth published no other children's books. After 1950 she translated several books into German and into English, among them works of her brother, the noted art historian Ε. H. Gombrich. Lisbeth continued to freelance as an abstractor and translator after her retirement in 1972, until a few months before her death in Oxford on December 12, 1994.

The Story of Hansel and Grethel 1.

The Story of Hansel and Grethel. [Retold after Grimm by L. Gombrich], Represented by dolls and photographed in natural colours. Dolls designed and made by Amalia Serkin. [Illustrations by George A. Adams. Colour photography by Paul Henning], London/Glasgow: Collins, [cl943]. [36]p.

Content: The story of Hansel and Gretel modified and adapted for British readers. Location: British Library, London.

The Story of Aladdin and His Wonderful 2.

Lamp

The Story of Aladdin and His Wonderful Lamp. [Retold by L. Gombrich]. Represented by dolls and photographed in natural colours. Dolls designed and made by Amalia Serkin. [Illustrations by M. Hoffer. Colour photography by Zoltän Wegner]. London/Glasgow: Collins, [cl945]. [36]p.

Content: The story of Aladdin adapted for British readers. Location: British Library, London.

The Story of the Seven Ravens 3.

The Story of the Seven Ravens. [Retold by L. Gombrich]. Represented by dolls and photographed in natural colours. Dolls designed and made by Amalia Serkin. [Illustrations by M. Hoffer. Colour photography by Zoltän Wegner]. London/Glasgow: Collins, [cl945], [ 36]p.

Content: Taken from Grimm and adapted for British readers. Location: British Library, London.

Christiane Grautoff

The Amazing Pranks of Master Till 4.

95

Eulenspiegel

The Amazing Pranks of Master Till Eulenspiegel. [Text re-told from original sources by L. Gombrich], With 16 scenes photographed in full colour and 41 drawings by Elias Katzer. [Figures, scenes and drawings by E. Katzer. Photographed in colour by the Adprint Studios]. London/New York: Max Parrish & Co Limited [distributors], Adprint Limited [publishers], [cl948]. lllp.

Content: Fifteen stories of Till's adventures. Note: Published in association with Chanticleer Press Inc., New York. Location: British Library, London. 4.a

Master Till's Amazing Pranks. The Story of Till Eulenspiegel. Re-told by Lisbeth Gombrich and Clara Hemsted. With 16 scenes photographed in full color and 41 drawings by Elias Katzer. New York: Chanticleer Press, [1948]. lllp.

Note: The name of Clara Hemsted, a co-author, was added on the title page after Lisbeth's objections to some text changes made unilaterally by her editor at Max Parrish. According to Lisbeth, several text passages, in which she had modified vulgar and crude scenes and expressions to make them more acceptable for children, were changed or translated literally without her consent. To appease the angry Lisbeth, her editor added the name of a co-author, but apparently for the New York edition only.55 Published in association with Max Parrish and Co. Limited in London. Location: Ε. H. Butler Library at State University of New York College at Buffalo.

Christiane Grautoff (1917-1974) b. April 5,1917, Berlin, Germany; d. August 27,1974, Mexico City, Mexico Exile: 1933 Switzerland; 1934 UK; 1936 USA; 1952 Mexico Christiane Grautoff was born on April 5, 1917, in Berlin.56 At the age of thirteen she became a child theater star and at the age of sixteen befriended the German writer Ernst Toller (1893-1939). In 1933 she followed Toller, who was forced to flee Germany, to Switzerland, then to London where they were married. While Christiane made an attempt to settle in London and resume her acting career, in 1936 Ernst Toller decided to move to the USA. The couple lived in New York City,

55

In a letter to this author dated May 27, 1992.

56

Based on Autobiographie-ihr

her autobiography, Die Göttin und ihr Sozialist. Leben mit Ernst Toller (Bonn: Weidle Verlag, 1996).

Christiane

Grautoffs

Christiane Grautoff

96

and Christiane commuted between New York and Hollywood in search of acting engagements. Her acting ambitions ceased, however, after Ernst Toller's suicide in 1939. She resided in New York City with a young daughter and wrote two children's books, The Stubborn Donkey (New York, 1949) and The Tale That Grew and Grew (New York, 1955), illustrated by a fellow emigre, Anne Marie Jauss. In the early 1950s she moved to Cuernavaca, Mexico, where she remained for the rest of her life. Late in life, she wrote an autobiography, which was published posthumously as Die Göttin und ihr Sozialist. Christiane Grautoffs Autobiographie-ihr Leben mit Ernst Toller (Bonn, 1996). Christiane Grautoff died on August 27, 1974, in Mexico City. Her correspondence and archival material are in private possession.57

The Stubborn Donkey 1.

The Stubborn Donkey. Story by Christiane Grautoff. Pictures by Anne Marie Jauss. [New York]: Aladdin Books, [cl949]. [42]p.

Content: The donkey Slowpoke succeeds in teaching his master to be compassionate and kind. Note: Dedicated: "For Andrea." Location: Montpelier Regional Library, Montpelier, Vermont.

Lea Grundig (1906-1977) b. March 23,1906, Dresden, Germany; d. October 10,1977, Mediterranean Sea Exile: 1940 Palestine; 1948 CSR; 1949 GDR Born Lea Langer, she studied at the Kunstgewerbeakademie und Kunstschule "Der Weg" (Academy of Arts and Crafts and School of Art "Der Weg") and the Akademie der bildenden Künste (Academy of Graphic Arts), both in Dresden. As a student she was politically active and in 1926 she became a member of the German Communist Party. In 1928 she married the artist Hans Grundig. Their political activities during the 1930s led to frequent arrests and Lea Grundig's incarceration. In 1940 Lea Grundig emigrated to Palestine. She lived in the refugee camp Athlit, then moved in 1942 to Haifa, then to Tel-Aviv. It was during the 1940s that several children's books with Lea Grundig's illustrations were published in Palestine/Israel.

57

With her daughter, Andrea Valeria Grautoff, Cuernavaca, Mexico.

Lea Grundig

97

Some of her illustrations for children's books created during this period remain unpublished. In 1948 Lea Grundig left for Prague and in 1949 she was reunited with her husband in Dresden. In 1949 she was named a professor at her alma mater, the Academy of Graphic Arts in Dresden, a post she held for almost twenty years. In addition to teaching graphic arts and oil-painting classes, she maintained a high political post in the government of the German Democratic Republic. From 1961 until her death she was a member of the German Academy of Arts. During the 1950s she also illustrated the children's book Kinder- und Hausmärchen der Brüder Grimm. Several printings of this popular book with Grundig's pen and ink drawings were published by the Kinderbuchverlag in Berlin (East). Lea Grundig died suddenly on October 10, 1977, while on a Mediterranean cruise. A part of her artistic legacy, which includes her illustrations for children's books, is deposited at the Stiftung Archiv der Akademie der Künste (Berlin).

Zevuvah 1.

zehuvah

Zevuvah zehuvah. [By] Korne Ts'ukovski. 'Ivrit L. Kupershtein. Tsiyerah Leah Grundig. Tel-Aviv: hotsa'at Masadah, n.d. 18p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink with color overlays. Note: This title translates into English as "Golden Fly." It was probably published in 1940. Location: Harry Elkins Widener Memorial Library at Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Korot ma'pil tsa'ir 2.

Korot ma 'pil tsa 'ir: sipur mi-divre yamenu. [By] Habas, Bracha. ha-tsiyurim Leah Grundig. Tel-Aviv: hotsa'at 'Am Oved, 702, 1941 or 1942. 192p. (Sifriyat "shaharut".)

Illustrations: Pen and ink with color overlays. Note: This title translates into English as "The History of a Young Illegal Immigrant. A Modern Day Story." Location: Jewish National and University Library at Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

La-sadot 3.

ha-moriktm

La-sadot ha-morikim. shirim u-manginot li-yeladim. [By] M. Dafna. Tsiyerah L. Grundig. [Tel-Aviv: hotsa'at Masadah, n.d.]. 18p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink with color overlays.

98

Lea Grundig

Note: This title translates into English as ' T o the Green Fields. Songs and Tunes for Children." It was probably published in 1943 or 1944. Location: Harry Elkins Widener Memorial Library at Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

ha-Yafeh sheba-'olam mah hu? 4.

ha- Yafeh sheba- rolam mah hu? [By] An. St,ern. Tirgem Dov Shfcok· Tsiyerah Leah Grundig. Tel-Aviv: 'Am 'Oved, [705, 1944 or 1945]. 30p. (Sifriyah layeled.)

Illustrations: Scratch board. Note: This title translates into English as "What Is the Beauty in the World?" Location: Harry Elkins Widener Memorial Library at Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

'Al Kineret 5.

ha-tekhelet

Άl Kineret ha-tekhelet. [By] A. Stern. Tirgem Shimshon Meltser. Tsiyerah Leah Grundig. Tel-Aviv: 'Am 'Oved, [1947]. 86p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink with color overlays. Note: This title translates into English as "On the Blue Sea of Galilee." Location: Harry Elkins Widener Memorial Library at Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Otiyot 6.

mesaprot

Otiyot mesaprot. [By] Rozah Vul. Tsiyerah Leah Grundig. Tel-Aviv: hotsa'at Dvir, n.d. 220p.

Illustrations: Watercolors. Note: The title translates into English as "Letters of the Alphabet Speak." It was published in 1948. Location: Jewish National and University Library at Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

Keshet, shenaton 7.

li-yeladim

Keshet, shenaton li-yeladim. [By] L. Avital. [Illustrated by] Leah Grundig [and] Izah Hershkovits. [Tel-Aviv]: Masadah, [1949]. 143p.

Illustrations: Watercolors and scratch board. Note: This title translates into English as "Rainbow Calendar." Location: Cleveland Public Library, Cleveland, Ohio.

Ivan Heilbut

Shemesh 8.

99

genuvah

Shemesh genuvah. [By] Korne Ts'ukovski. 'Ivrit L. Kupershtein. Tsiyerah Leah Grundig. Tel-Aviv: hotsa'at Masadah, [n.d.]. l i p .

Illustrations: Watercolors. Note: This title translates into English as "Stolen Sun." It was probably published in 1949. Location: Harry Elkins Widener Memorial Library at Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Ivan Heilbut (Ivan/Iven George Heilbut/Helbert, 1898-1972) b. July 15,1898, Hamburg, Germany; d. April 15,1972, Bonn, FRG Exile: 1933 France; 1941 USA; 1950 FRG Ivan George Heilbut was born and attended secondary schools in Hamburg. While studying French and German literature, he decided to become a journalist and writer. He began by writing book and film reviews in newspapers and magazines in Berlin and Stuttgart. He also contributed his own pieces of poetry and prose to newspapers and magazines. Before he fled Germany in 1933, he had published two novels. Heilbut emigrated first to Prague, but after a brief period of time, moved on to France and Paris. In Paris he continued his journalistic career, writing theater reviews and articles for German-language newspapers and magazines in France and Switzerland. He married a fellow German emigre and had a son before he was forced to flee Nazioccupied France in 1940. In January 1941, the Heilbuts arrived in New York City. Ivan, determined to continue his writing career, struggled during his early years there. At one point he worked in a factory in New Jersey to earn a living. In 1942 he published his first book in the English language. It was the children's book Francisco and Elizabeth, illustrated by a fellow German emigre, Rafaello Busoni. This was the only children's book he wrote. Soon a book of poetry and a novel followed. In 1945 he was teaching poetry and literature courses at Hunter College in New York City. In 1947 he became American citizen under the name of Iven George Helbert. In the 1950s Iven George Heilbut, who periodically changed the spelling of his name, was back in Germany. From 1951 to 1959 he worked as a visiting lecturer for the U.S. Information Centers Program in Germany. He also resumed his journalistic career, in addition to writing new prose works and searching for publishers to publish his early literary work. He participated in radio broadcasts, some of them intended for school children in Berlin and Munich.

100

Ivan Heilbut

In the 1960s Iven George Heilbut was living in Germany and periodically in the United States, where his wife and son remained. He had no permanent residence in Germany. It was in a hotel room in Bonn that he suffered a heart attack on April 15, 1972. His literary legacy is held primarily at Die Deutsche Bibliothek (Frankfurt/M). Some notes, diaries, and other papers are in possession of his son, Anthony Heilbut (New York City).

Francisco and Elizabeth 1.

Francisco and Elizabeth. By Ivan Heilbut. Illustrated by R. Busoni. New York: Pantheon Editions, 1942. 23p.

Content: The story of friendship between seven-year-old Elizabeth and a little refugee boy, Francisco, who came with his mother to New York City to escape the Spanish Civil War. Note: Dedicated: "To my little friend Nan." Location: Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

Kurt Held (rede Kurt Kläber, 1897-1959) b. November 4,1897, Jena, Germany; d. December 9,1959, Sorengo, Switzerland Exile: 1933 Switzerland Kurt Kläber was born and schooled in Jena. While attending high school, he decided to become a locksmith. During WWI he enlisted in the German army, contracted malaria, and was wounded. When the war ended, Kurt Kläber, who liked to describe himself as a revolutionary, was a fervent supporter of the Youth Movement. He worked several odd jobs and as a traveling book salesman, he met Lisa Tetzner, a storyteller and later, a writer of children's books. They were married in 1924. Living in Berlin, Kurt contributed articles to left-wing newspapers and journals, some of which he co-founded, and wrote and published books of poetry and short stories. He was a co-founder of the Association of German Proletarian and Revolutionary Writers. He worked also as a miner for a period of time in the Ruhr area of Germany, and in 1930 he visited the USSR. With the National Socialists coming to power, Kurt Kläber was arrested in 1933. When freed, he and his wife fled to Carona, Switzerland, where the young couple had maintained a second residence since 1924. Banned from publishing in Switzerland, Kurt Kläber stopped writing and publishing books for a period of time. In 1939, while vacationing in the coastal town of Senj on the Adriatic in Croatia, Kurt Kläber met several local youths who inspired him to write about their adventures. The result was the story Die rote Zora und ihre Bande. The Swiss publisher Sauerländer agreed to

Kurt Held

101

publish the book under a pseudonym, and Lisa and Kurt decided to use the name Held, Lisa's ancestral family name. In the early 1940s he wrote another children's story entitled Der Flug ins Leben, which was never published.58 Kurt Held's fame as an author of children's books came after the end of WWII, when Die rote Zora und ihre Bande was translated into many foreign languages. He wrote and published additional children's books, two of which-Alles für zwanzig Rappen (Aarau, 1951) and a four-volume work Guiseppe und Maria (Aarau, 1955)-were published after 1950. In 1949 Kurt became a Swiss citizen and was able to work for the Swiss publisher Sauerländer on a pocket book series for youth entitled Drachenbücher. Kurt Kläber died in Sorengo, Switzerland. His archival material is held by the Deutsches Literaturarchiv (Marbach), the Fritz-Hüser-Institut für Deutsche und Ausländische Arbeiterliteratur (Dortmund), and Casa Pantrova (Carona).

Die rote Zora und ihre Bande 1.

Die rote Zora und ihre Bande. Eine Erzählung aus Dalmatien für die Jugend. [By] Kurt Held. [Zeichnung für den Schutzumschlag von Felix Hoffmann]. Aarau: Verlag H. R. Sauerländer & Co., [cl941], 403p.

Content: The town fathers from Senj, a town on the Adriatic coast of Croatia, pursue with vengence a group of homeless children who break laws in order to feed themselves. It all ends well when an old fisherman shows compassion for the children and succeeds in soliciting help and patronage for them from their former enemies. Note: The children in the story, and some of their adventures, are based on true life confessions as heard from a group of Croatian children whom the author befriended while staying in Senj. According to Lisa Tetzner, the author wrote this story in one sitting (in einem Atemzug).59 Location: Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. l.a

Die rote Zora und ihre Bande. Eine Erzählung aus Dalmatien. [By] Kurt Held. [Schutzumschlag und Einband von Gerhard Oberländer Würzburg]. Frankfurt am Main: Büchergilde Gutenberg, 1950. 430p.

Note: First edition published in Germany. Location: Newark Public Library, Newark, New Jersey.

67.

58

The manuscript is deposited at the Sauerländer Archives in Aarau, Switzerland.

59

Lisa Tetzner, Das war Kurt Held. 40 Jahre Leben mit ihm (Aarau/Frankfurt/M: Sauerländer, 1961),

102

Kurt Held

1.b

Die rote Zora und ihre Bande. Eine Erzählung aus Dalmatien. [By] Kurt Held. [Schutzumschlag von Fritz Busse], München: Desch, [1950]. 430p.

Location: Die Deutsche Bibliothek (Frankfurt/M).

Oer Trommler von Faido 2.

Der Trommler von Faido I. [By] Kurt Held. [Zeichnungen und Schutzumschlag von Felix Hoffmann]. Aarau: Verlag H. R. Sauerländer, [cl947], 301p.

Content: Vinicio, a fourteen-year-old drummer-boy from Tessin in Switzerland, narrates his countrymen's fight to free their canton from Napoleon and his army. Note: In 1933, shortly before Kurt left Germany, he informed Bert Brecht of his decision to go to Carona to write a book about the war of the Levantines against Napoleon. According to Lisa Tetzner, Kurt's first inspiration eventually led him to write Der Trommler von Faido,60 Location: Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 2.a

Der Trommler von Faido II. [By] Kurt Held. [Zeichnungen und Schutzumschlag von Felix Hoffmann]. Aarau: Verlag H. R. Sauerländer & Co., [c 1949]. 280p.

Content: In this sequel to Der Trommler von Faido I, Vinicio continues the narration of his own, and his companions', encounters with the enemy, and of the victories and defeats they suffer. Location: Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

Matthias 3.

und seine Freunde

Matthias und seine Freunde. [By] Kurt Held. [Zeichnungen von Heinrich Strub]. Aarau: Verlag Η. R. Sauerländer & Co., [cl950]. 207p.

Content: A story about a "Verdingbuben," Matthias Moser, who is brutally mistreated by the farmer, his master. With the help of a few of his classmates, he flees the farm and hides in a safe place, until his friends plead his case with the village officials and find him another household where Matthias is treated with dignity and respect. Note: In a postscript (Nachwort), the author appeals to world youths to have understanding and compassion for the plight of homeless children and youth who have lost their parents and homelands. Location: Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

60

Ibid., 48.

Peter Herbert

103

Peter Herbert (rede Herbert Warnke, 1902-1975) b. February 24,1902, Hamburg, Germany; d. March 26,1975, Berlin, GDR Exile: 1933 France, USSR, Belgium, UK; 1936 Denmark; 1938 Sweden; 1945 SOZG Herbert Warnke was born and educated in Hamburg. As a youth he worked as a delivery person in a bank and a bookstore. In the early 1920s he worked in the Hamburg shipyards as a metal worker. He joined the German Communist Party, attended the Communist Party School, and was a head of the illegal Rote Gewerkschaftsopposition (Socialist Trade Union Resistance) in Bremen. His illegal activities increased after he fled Germany in 1933. He worked abroad, moving from Paris to Moscow to Belgium to England and then to Denmark, where he stayed for two years, involved in the activities of the German Communist Party in exile. In 1938 he lost his German citizenship, moved to Sweden, and continued his illegal party activities from there. He was apprehended and spent several years in the Swedish prison Langmora. In 1943, when released from prison, he continued to work as an antifascist out of Sweden. In December of 1945 he returned to the Soviet Occupied Zone of Germany, where he began his ascent in the political leadership of the German Democratic Republic. In the GDR he published several of the books he had written in exile. The books were mainly political in nature, except for the children's book Pelles Tiere. (This book had already been published in Stockholm under the pseudonym of Peter Herbert.) For his commitment to the cause of Communism in his lifetime, he received numerous medals and awards, including the International Lenin Peace Prize bestowed on him by the USSR in 1972. Herbert Warnke died in Berlin on March 26, 1975. His archival materials are deposited at the Stiftung Archiv der Parteien und Massenorganisationen der DDR im Bundesarchiv (Berlin).

Pelles 1.

Tiere

Pelles Tiere. Ein lustiges Kinderbuch. [By] Peter Herbert. Mit vielen Zeichnungen von Trude Richter. Erfurt: Richters, [1949]. 11 lp.

Content: Adventures of a little boy, Pelle, and his animal friends. Note: Originally written for his son in 1945 in Stockholm, the manuscript was translated into Swedish and first published in 1946. This is the first German-language edition. Location: Die Deutsche Bibliothek - Deutsche Bücherei, Leipzig.

104

Peter Herbert

Swedish l.a

Pelles djur. En berättelse om sparven Kalle Johansson den glade ekorren Joppe snigeln Krypa grodan Sumpa Fanny och Buddy samt den mallige Jakob. [By] Peter Herbert. [Översättning frän det tyska manuskriptet av Maud Löfgren]. Teckningar av Gunnar Brusewitz. [Stockholm]: Kooperativa förbundets bokförlag, [1946]. 98p.

Note: Swedish translation from the German manuscript. Location: Svenska barnboksinstitutet (Swedish Institute for Children's Books), Stockholm. Finnish l.b

Kalle η kivat eläimel. Tässä tarinassa kerrotaan pienestäRoope-varpusesta iloisesta Kurre-oravasta Kuhnus-etanasta loikka-sammakostaynnä Fannista ja Nelistäjästä sekä Jaakosta. [By] Peter Herbert. [Suomennos Toini Kaukosen]. Pürrokset Gunnar Brusewitzin. [Helsinki]: Kustannusosakeyhtiö Tammi, [1948]. 131p.

Location: Jyväskylän Yliopiston Kirjasto (Jyväskylä University Library), Jyväskylä.

Hans Jahn (1911-1965) b. January 1 0 , 1 9 1 1 , Braunschweig, Germany; d. January 1 6 , 1 9 6 5 , Buenos Aires, Argentina Exile: 1933 Spain, France; 1936 Paraguay; 1942 Argentina Hans Jahn was born to the family of a dentist in Braunschweig, Lower Saxony. His family moved from Braunschweig to Triptis, Saxony-Anhalt before WWI. Little is known about his life as a university student except that he contributed articles to leftist German newspapers. In 1933 he left Germany for Spain and France, and in 1936 he sailed to South America. In Paraguay, and later in Argentina, he worked as a journalist for German-language newspapers. In Buenos Aires Jahn worked as editor for the newspaper Argentinisches Tageblatt for many years. In addition he wrote poetry and a children's story, and published his books at the leftist publisher Editorial Cosmopolita. He was also an active member of the association Vorwärts. Hans Jahn died on January 16, 1965, in Buenos Aires.

Frederick Jahnel

105

Babs und die Sieben 1.

Babs und die Sieben. Eine lustige Geschichte für Kinder von 12 bis 80 Jahren. [By] Hans Jahn. Umschlagzeichnung von Paul Gelberg. Buenos Aires: Editorial Cosmopolita, 1944. 174p.

Content: Babs, an eleven-year-old Danish girl, and seven boys from a boarding house in Buenos Aires expose a ring of German spies. The group achieves fame, and is engaged to play in a movie. Location: New York State Library, Albany.

Frederick Jahnel (1901-1952) b. January 17,1901, Vienna, AHM; d. June 12,1952, New York, USA Exile: 1938 USA Friedrich Jahnel was born on January 17, 1901, in Vienna. He studied at the University of Vienna and received an engineering degree. From the mid-1920s, he worked as a graphic designer with Otto Neurath, the founder of the Gesellschafts- und Wirtschaftsmuseum (Social and Economic Museum). At the museum the Vienna method of pictorial statistics and Isotype (International System of Typographic Picture Education) were developed. Politically active in the Socialist movement, Jahnel was imprisoned in 1936 and had to leave Vienna and Austria in 1938. Jahnel emigrated to New York City where his experience in the field of pictorial statistics provided job opportunities. He was hired by the Pictograph Corporation to do graphic designs for publications. He participated in developing the pictograph, a particular form of charts/graphs for product representations. Later he owned Jahnel Studios, a graphic design company. He also freelanced as a book illustrator and cover designer. He illustrated books of Helene Scheu-Riesz, an emigre author, and was for a period of time a consultant for her publishing company, Island Press. Jahnel died on June 12, 1952, in New York City.

Those Funny 1.

Grownups

Those Funny Grownups. By Helene Scheu-Riesz. Illustrations by Frederick Jahnel. [New York: The Island Workshop Press Co-Op, Inc., cl943]. 30p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink drawings in the style of pictographs. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Anne Marie Jauss

106

Anne Marie Jauss (1902-1991) b. February 3,1902, Munich, Germany; d. September 14,1991, West Milford, USA Exile: 1933 Portugal; 1946 USA Anne Marie Jauss, the daughter of the German landscape painter Georg Jauss, was born on February 3,1902, in Munich. She attended elementary and secondary schools in Munich. After studying at the Bavarian State Art Academy, she left Munich, traveled through Europe, and lived in Berlin. In protest against the Nazi regime, she emigrated to Portugal in 1933.61 In Portugal she made her living working as a designer and decorator, and she painted ceramics. In 1946 Anne Marie Jauss emigrated to the USA. Living in New York City, she resumed her artistic activities. She began illustrating children's books- both those of other authors and a few of her own. She also created book jackets and maps for various publishers and painted portraits of people and pets. Her watercolor and oil paintings were exhibited frequently. In 1952 Anne Marie Jauss became a US citizen. During the early 1960s she moved to New Jersey, where she continued to illustrate books and paint. From the sixty-plus children's books that she illustrated, especially noteworthy are her illustrations of nature and the illustrations for science books, for their precision and accuracy. Anne Marie Jauss died on September 14, 1991, in West Milford, New Jersey. Her artistic legacy is held by the de Grummond Collection of Children's Literature at the University of Southern Mississippi (Hattiesburg), by the Children's Literature Research Collection at the University of Minnesota (Minneapolis), and by the Special Collections Library at the University of Oregon (Eugene).

The Wonderful Adventures 1.

of Nils

The Wonderful Adventures of Nils. Written by Selma Lagerlöf. Translated from the Swedish by Velma Swanston Howard. Illustrated by H. Baumhauer. [Map of Sweden by Anne Marie Jauss]. [New York]: Pantheon, [1947]. 539p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink for a map of Sweden on a flyleaf of endpaper. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

61

This information and the artist's biography narrated by Anna M. Mundigo, Manchester, Vermont.

Anne Marie Jauss

107

The Stars in Our Heaven 2.

The Stars in Our Heaven. Myths and Fables. [By] Peter Lum. Drawings by Anne Marie Jauss. [New York]: Pantheon, [cl948], 245p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink freehand drawings of stellar constellations. Location: University Libraries at University at Albany, State University of New York.

The Stubborn Donkey 3.

The Stubborn Donkey. Story by Christiane Grautoff. Pictures by Anne Marie Jauss. [New York]: Aladdin Books, [cl949]. [42]p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink and watercolors. Location: Montpelier Regional Library, Montpelier, Vermont.

The Living Year 4.

The Living Year. [By] Richard Headstrom. Illustrated by Anne Marie Jauss. New York: Ives Washburn, Inc., [cl950]. 255p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink. Location: Ε. H. Butler Library at State University of New York College at Buffalo.

The Storks 5.

ofLillegaard

The Storks of Lillegaard. [By] Wilhelmine Frisch. Illustrated by Anne Marie Jauss. First edition. Indianapolis/New York: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, Inc., [cl950], 231p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink. Location: James Gilliam Gee Library, E. Texas State at Texas A&M University, Commerce.

Turn Here for Strawberry 6.

Roam

Turn Here for Strawberry Roam. By Byrona Myers. Drawings by Anne Marie Jauss. Indianapolis/New York: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, Inc., [cl950]. 134p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink. Location: Booth Library at Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, Illinois.

108

Anna Maria Jokl

Anna Maria Jokl (*1911) b. January 23,1911, Vienna, AHM Exile: 1933 CSR; 1939 Poland, UK; 1951 FRG; 1965 Israel Anna Maria Jokl was born on January 23, 1911, in Vienna (Wien-Döbling). She attended elementary and secondary schools in Vienna, and Breslau, Germany (now Wroclaw, Poland). In 1928 she moved to Berlin and studied at the Piscator School, a well-known acting school, while earning a living as a secretary. In Berlin, she participated in the experimental broadcasts at the radio station Königswusterhausen, wrote short radio plays and film scripts (one of which was made into the short film Tratsch), and gave story-telling performances at local jails. In 1933, as the Nazis came to power, Anna Maria Jokl, a Jew, emigrated to Prague, Czechoslovakia. In Prague she worked as a journalist and wrote four stories for children. Two of them, Das süße Abenteuer, and Die wirklichen Wunder des Basilius Knox, were published in Prague before the Germans invaded in 1939. She fled on foot to Poland, and after four weeks she was on her way to England with a Pen-Club visa. In England, Anna Maria Jokl ran a refugee children's hostel on the South Coast. She wrote plays, including children's plays, and she performed and directed theater performances with the group Young Czechoslovakia in various theaters and shelters, during the bomb raids over London. She also edited Stimmen aus Böhmen (London, 1944), a collection of short stories written by fellow emigres. After 1945 Anna Maria Jokl began training in psychoanalysis in London and Zurich. From 1951 to 1965 she lived in West Berlin, working as a psychotherapist and a therapeutic consultant at a Jewish hospital and several clinics. In 1965 she emigrated to Israel where she continued her work as a psychotherapist. Anna Maria Jokl lives in Jerusalem.

Das süße Abenteuer 1.

Das süße Abenteuer. Das Buch über den Zucker. [By] Anna Maria Jokl. [Illustrated by] Busche Landsberger. Prag: 1935. [52]p.

Content: Sugar production. Note: According to Anna Maria Jokl, the 1935 (first) printing, listed no official publisher as opposed to the 1937 printing (see entry l.a). Location: Privately owned by Anna Maria Jokl, Jerusalem. l.a

Das süße Abenteuer. Eine Geschichte für Kinder. [By] Anna Maria Jokl. [Illustrated by] Busche Landsberger. Gesamt-Entwurf: Busche Landsberger

Anna Maria Jokl

109

und Profeldova-Errell. Prag: Verlag und Druck der Industrie-Druckerei, 1937. 52p. Location: Die Deutsche Bibliothek - Deutsche Bücherei, Leipzig. 1.b

Das süße Abenteuer. Erzählt von Anna Maria Jokl. Umschlag von Max Haydn. Wien: Globus-Verlag, [cl946]. 29p.

Note: There are colored illustrations highlighting the text. Illustrator's name is not printed. Location: Wiener Stadt- und Landesbibliothek, Wien.

Die wirklichen Wunder des Basilius Knox 2.

Die wirklichen Wunder des Basilius Knox. [By] Anna Maria Jokl. Illustrationen W. Jaruska. Wien: Globus-Verlag, 1948. 256p. (Bücher der Jugend.)

Content: A grumpy old scientist, who is annoyed because fellow humans lack understanding of mathematics and science, is helped in time of need by two children who teach him the basics of human contact. Note: First published in the Czech language in 1937. The author explains that this novel "[...]was planned as self-remedy against the demoralizing existence as a young refugee writer in Prague, by writing for children from 10-70 years about cognition of the miracles of science as against their purely technical uses." Location: Wiener Stadt- und Landesbibliothek, Wien. 2.a

Die wirklichen Wunder des Basilius Knox. [By] Anna Maria Jokl. Illustrationen von W. Jaruska. Schutzumschlag von Gerhard Kreische. Berlin: Neues Leben, [1948]. 238p.

Note: This is the first German-language edition in post-war Germany A new edition was printed in 1950, illustrated by Werner Klemke. Location: Die Deutsche Bibliothek - Deutsche Bücherei, Leipzig. 2.b

Die wirklichen Wunder des Basilius Knox. [By] Anna Maria Jokl. [Umschlag und Bilder von Jaruska]. Zürich: Universum-Verlag, 1948. 255p.

Location: Die Deutsche Bibliothek - Deutsche Bücherei, Leipzig. Czech 2.c

Basilius Knox. Romänpro d£ti od 10 do 70 let. [By] Α. Μ. Joklovä. Prelozila Marie Prikrylovä. Obräzky Frantiska Janouska. Praha: t i n , 1937.268p. (Knih pro mlädez, 6.)

Anna Maria Jokl

110

Note: The first published edition.The epilogue was written by Oskar Kokoschka, music for the song about the old Knox was composed by E. F. Burian. Location: Närodni knihovna Ceske republiky (National Library of the Czech Republic), Praha.

Die 3.

Perlmutterfarbe

Die Perlmutterfarbe. Ein Kinderroman für fast alle Leute. [By] Anna Maria Jokl. [Zeichnungen Herbert Reschke. Berlin: Dietz Verlag, cl948]. 247p.

Content: A misfit boy manipulates the behavior of his classmates in order to gain influence among them. While this succeeds with most of his classmates, a small group of resisters eventually exposes the villain's schemes. Note: The manuscript was written in 1937 in Prague. It would have been lost in 1939, as the author was fleeing Czechoslavakia, were it not for a magnanimous Czech who first helped smuggle the author to Poland and then delivered her manuscript. According to the author, in 1949 an offer for her to write a film script based on this novel was withdrawn and any further book editions cancelled as Berlin was divided into East Berlin and West Berlin. Over forty years passed before this novel was published in 1991, in Hebrew translation in Tel-Aviv by Am Oved; in 1992 it was published in the Federal Republic of Germany by Suhrkamp Verlag in Frankfurt/M. Location: Kent State University Libraries, Kent, Ohio.

Die verzeichneten Tiere 4.

Die verzeichneten Tiere. [By] Anna Maria Jokl. [Illustrated by anonymous children. Book design by Herbert Prueget]. Berlin: Altberliner Verlag Lucie Groszer, 1950. 53p.

Content: There are two dream stories. In the first one, "Die verzeichneten Tiere," each of several deformed animals tries to hide its own shortcomings while abusing others because of their deformities. They eventually recognize their shortcomings, demanding a young boy put them right. In the second one, "Die Leiter zum Mond," a young boy builds a musical scale, steps of sound, to the moon with his magnet that catches sounds and generates shapes into which the released sounds change. Note: Written in Prague in 1938. Location: Internationale Jugendbibliothek, München.

Jupo

111

Jupo (recte Julius Potzernheim/Frank J. Jupo, 1904 -1981) b. February 28,1904, Dessau, Germany; d. December 19,1981, Queens, New York, USA Exile: 1936 CSR; 1939 UK; 1946 USA Julius Potzernheim was born and educated in Dessau. At the age of seventeen, he was drawing cartoons for Berlin newspapers. Soon after, his cartoons, signed Jupo, appeared in several German magazines. By the late 1920s and early 1930s, his antiNazi cartoons in the leftist magazines were well known. Fearing harassment, he left Germany in 1936 and continued working as a cartoonist in Czechoslovakia. He also contributed articles to the German-language newspapers in Prague. Imprisoned and released by the Gestapo, he hastily left Czechoslovakia in 1939. In late 1939, he was living in London working as a political cartoonist until he was interned in 1940. After his release in 1941, he worked as an advertising artist and as a writer and illustrator of children's books in Glasgow, Scotland. In 1946 Julius emigrated to the United States. He worked in New York City as a freelance writer and artist. He designed comic strips at Dell Publishing and contributed stories and illustrations to Story Parade. A Magazine for Boys and Girls. He changed his name to Frank J. Jupo and became an American citizen in 1951. His first children's book published in the United Stated was Nothing to Wear But Clothes (New York: Aladdin, 1953). Subsequently he wrote and illustrated over thirty books for children. In 1958 his book The Adventure of Light was awarded the Gold Medal Junior Book Award by the Boys' Clubs of America. Frank Jupo died on December 19, 1981, in Queens, New York. His artistic legacy is held by the de Grummond Collection of Children's Literature at the University of Southern Mississippi (Hattiesburg).

The Wishing Shoe 1.

The Wishing Shoe. [Written and illustrated] By Jupo. [London/Glasgow]: Collins Publishers for the Children, [cl946]. (40]p.

Content: Mr. Pim, a steam-shovel operator who hates noise, wishes he lived in the good old times when no noisy machines and engines existed. A wishing shoe, upon which he stumbles while going on a walk with his two children, transports him to the good old times. After some scary and dangerous encounters, Mr. Pim wishes to return to his noisy home as the best place to live. Illustrations: Pen and ink and watercolors.

112

Jupo

Note: Frank Jupo rewrote the same story and published it under the same title in 1960 (cl955) at Abelard-Schuman, Inc., in New York/London, and in Canada by Nelson, Foster and Scott Limited. Location: National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh.

Along Our Street 2.

Along Our Street. [Written and illustrated] By Jupo. Adapted to verse by Gee. [London/Glasgow]: Collins Publishers for the Children, [cl947]. 17p.

Content: Eight-line poems about people, shops, buses, a telephone box, and other objects seen on a city street. Illustrations: Pen and ink. Location: National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh.

The Haunted Department 3.

Store

The Haunted Department Store. [Written and illustrated by Jupo. London/ Glasgow]: Collins Publishers for the Children, [cl947], [40]p.

Content: Little Stan dreams about encounters with several characters in a department store. Illustrations: Watercolors. Location: National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh.

Little Alt from Bali 4.

Little Ali from Bali. [Written and illustrated] By Jupo. [London/Glasgow]: Collins Publishers for the Children, [cl948]. 20p.

Content: Descriptions of children from around the world, such as: Amu, the Eskimo boy; Li-Pim, the Chinese girl; Fedor, the Cossack boy; etc. Illustrations: Pen and ink and watercolors. Location: National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh.

Mickey and the Stone Age 5.

Mickey and the Stone Age. [Written and illustrated] By Jupo. [London/Glasgow]: Collins Publishers for the Children, [cl948]. [19]p.

Content: Mickey and Ann encounter cavemen and dinosaurs while playing in a quarry. Illustrations: Watercolors. Location: National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh.

Η. J. Kaeser

113

Η. J. Kaeser (rede Hildegard Johanna Kaeser, 1904-1965) b. April 4,1904, Berlin, Germany; d. March 26,1965, Stockholm, Sweden Exile: 1933 France; 1934 Denmark; 1935 Sweden Hildegard Johanna Zander was born with a birth defect that impaired her walking abilities.62 As a young child she read books voraciously and as a teenager she wrote poetry and narrated short stories. Educated at the Louisenschule in Berlin, she began working for the Ullstein publishing company following the Abitur. In 1925 she became the editor of the children's magazine Der heitere Fridolin, the post she held until the magazine folded in the late 1920s. In 1930 she married Walter Kaeser and began writing short stories and journal articles. As soon as the Nazis took power in 1933, Hildegard, a Jew, and her husband decided to leave Germany. They emigrated first to France, then in 1934 to Denmark, and in 1935 to Sweden. They lived on the island of Aland, then in Lund, until they settled in Stockholm in 1938. To earn a living, Hildegard began writing journal articles in Swedish, often under the pseudonym Hillevi Hill. She was a German tutor, a translator (from Swedish into German), a freelance writer, and an associate of the Swedish school journal, Folkskolans barntidning. She became a Swedish citizen in 1946, and decided not to return to Germany. In addition to prose work for adults, she wrote books for children and youth. Her literary agent for books written in German was Grete Berges, a fellow German emigre, who dealt chiefly with Swiss publishers. Under contract with the Swedish publisher Harrier, Hildegard wrote in Swedish eight biographies of famous men and women for young readers in the series Bragd och hjältedäd. Her books for children published after 1950 include: Sagorpä kvällskvisten (Stockholm, 1951); Den talandepapegojan (Stockholm, 1954); Aretruntpa en sagostund(Stockholm, 1956); Der neue Zauberspiegel (Zürich, 1960); and Schlaf gut! Märchen vor dem Einschlafen (Zürich, 1963). During the late 1950s, Hildegard's health deteriorated. She continued to write and publish books, mainly popular novels, to earn a living. The literary value of this late work, however, declined. Four days after her husband's fatal heart attack, Hildegard took an overdose of sleeping pills, abruptly ending her life at the age of sixty.

Mimff der Junge, der auszog, das Fürchten zu lernen 1.

Mimff der Junge, der auszog, das Fürchten zu lernen. [By] Η. J. Kaeser. Med anmärkningar av Carl S. R. Collin. Stockholm: C. E. Fritzes Bokförlags aktiebolag, 1941. 160p. (Moderne deutsche Schriftsteller, XXII.)

62 See Inger Lundmark, "Hildegard Johanna Kaeser- Eine Autorin im Exil in Schweden." Master's Thesis, Stockholms Universitet, 1971.

114

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Content: The fearless Mimff travels through many countries in search of "the fear." Unsuccessful, he returns home where his mother's sickness makes him fearful. Note: Reminiscent of the Grimm fairy tale, "Märchen von einem, der auszog, das Fürchten zu lernen," the Mimff story is Hildegard' s earliest and best-known children's book. It was first published in Swedish translation. Location: Die Deutsche Bibliothek - Deutsche Bücherei, Leipzig. l.a

Mimpf, der Knabe, der auszog, das Fürchten zu lernen. Eine spannende Jugendgeschichte aus Schweden. [By] Η. J. Kaeser. [Textzeichnungen und Deckenbild von Lilly Renner], Aarau: Verlag H. R. Sauerländer & Co., n.d. 151p.

Note: Published in 1942. The Swiss publisher changed names of characters and locations. Thus "Mimff' became "Mimpf." 63 Location: Die Deutsche Bibliothek - Deutsche Bücherei, Leipzig. Swedish l.b

Mim - pojken som aldrig var rädd. Αν Η. Kaeser. [Oversättning av Iwa Bennet]. Omslagsteckning av Brita Nyström. Lund: C. W. K. Gleerups Förlag, [1937]. 156p. (C. W. K. Gleerups Ungdomsböcker, 95.)

Location: Die Deutsche Bibliothek: Deutsches Exilarchiv, Frankfurt/M. Norwegian l.c

Gutten som aldri var redd. [By] Η. Kaeser. Oslo: Reistad & S0nns boktr., [1938] 120p.

Note: Translated from Swedish. No translator is named. Location: Norsk Barnebokinstitutt (Norwegian Institute for Children's Books), Oslo. English l.d

Mimff. The Story of a Boy Who Was not Afraid. By H. J. Kaeser. [Translated by Kathleen Williamson], Illustrated by Edward Ardizzone. London/New York/Toronto: Oxford University Press, [1939], 192p.

Note: "Mimff," the name of the main character, has the same spelling as in the earliest German-language edition, published two years later in Sweden. Location: National Museum of Childhood at Bethnal Green, Victoria and Albert Museum, London.

63

In her 1941/42 correspondence with the publisher, Kaeser uses both "Mimff' and "Mimpf."

Η. J. Kaeser

115

Danish 1.e

Mumme. Drengen som aldrig var bange. [By] Η. J. Kaeser. Oversat af A. Rosenstand Hansen. K0benhavn: Hernovs Forlag, 1946. 116p.

Location: Danmarks Paedagogiske Bibliotek, K0benhavn.

Die 2.

Wunderlupe

Die Wunderlupe. Ein Buch für Knaben und Mädchen, die in die Welt sehen möchten. [By] Η. J. Kaeser. Umschlag und 60 Zeichnungen von Kurt Lange. Zürich/Leipzig: Orell Füssli Verlag, [cl938], 197p.

Content: Narrations of natural science phenomena. Location: Die Deutsche Bibliothek: Deutsches Exilarchiv, Frankfurt/M. Swedish 2.a

Vär hemlighetsfulla värld. [By] Η. J. Kaeser. [Translated by] Signe Rydsjö. Lund: C. W. K. Gleerups Förlag, [1941], 184p. (C. W. K. Gleerups Ungdomsböcker, 100.)

Note: Although the illustrator is not named, the illustrations are by Kurt Lange. Location: Die Deutsche Bibliothek: Deutsches Exilarchiv, Frankfurt/M. Finnish 2.b

Ihmeellinen suurennuslasi. Pojilleja tytöillejotka tahtovat oppia tuntemaan maailmaa. [By] Η. J. Kaeser. Suomentanut T J . Kivilahti. Kansilehden ja 60 kuvaa piirtänyt Kurt Lange. Porvoo/Helsinki: Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö, [1945], 191p.

Location: Heisingin Yliopisto, Kirjasto (Helsinki University, The National Library of Finland), Helsinki.

Der 3.

Zauberspiegel

Der Zauberspiegel. Ein Buch für wißbegierige Knaben und Mädchen. [By] Η. J. Kaeser. Umschlag und 61 Zeichnungen von Kurt Lange. Zürich/Leipzig: Orell Füssli Verlag, [cl939]. 249p.

Content: Twenty stories on such diverse subjects as who first brought cigars to Europe, why donkeys are afraid of water, etc. Location: Die Deutsche Bibliothek: Deutsches Exilarchiv, Frankfurt/M.

116

Η. J. Kaeser

Femman gör slag i saken 4.

Femman gör slag i saken. Α ν H. J. Kaeser. Översättning av Maja Nyberg. Lund: C. W. K. Gleerups Förlag, [1941], 243p. (C. W. K. Gleerups Ungdomsböcker, 101.)

Content: In this detective story set in Italy and Yugoslavia, five boys find and rescue lost children. Note: No German-language edition or manucsript was located. The Swedish title translates into English as "The Five Clinch the Matter." Location: Svenska barnboksinstitutet (Swedish Institute for Children's Books), Stockholm.

Junker und Gefährte 5.

Junker und Gefährte. Die Geschichte einer Freundschaft. [By] Η. J. Kaeser. Zürich: Schweizer Druck- und Verlagshaus, [cl942]. 278p.

Content: A tale of friendship between two youths, Didric, an aristocrat, and Sigbert, a commoner, set in France in the Middle Ages. A remarkable portrayal of their wicked tutor, Philipp Dacorta. Note: The manuscript, written in 1941, had the title "Der Spielgefährte."64 Location: University Libraries at Indiana University at Bloomington.

Das Karussell 6.

Das Karussell. Eine spannende und lustige Geschichte. [By] Hildegard J. Kaeser. Textzeichnungen, Umschlag- und Einbandentwurf von Louis Specker. Einsiedeln/Köln: Verlagsanstalt Benziger & Co. A.G., [1942], 215p.

Content: A fantasy of two boys, Günter and Gustav, riding the merry-go-round faster and faster to the moon. On the moon, the merry-go-round animals come to life and have many adventures with them. Location: Die Deutsche Bibliothek: Deutsches Exilarchiv, Frankfurt/M.

Kvinnan som besegrade slavägarna 7.

Kvinnan som besegrade slavägarna. En berättelse om Harriet Beecher Stowe. AvH. J. Kaeser. Stockholm: Harriers Förlag, [1945]. 158p. (Bragd och hjältedäd, 48.)

Content: Biography of Harriet Beecher Stowe.

64 According to Grete Berges, the literary agent o f H . J . Kaeser, in a letter dated July 16, 1941, to H. R. Sauerländer.

Η. J. Kaeser

117

Location: Svenska barnboksinstitutet (Swedish Institute for Children's Books), Stockholm. Danish 7.a

Kvinden derbesejrede slaveejerne. Enfortaelling om Harriet Beecher Stowe. [By] H. J. Kaeser. OversatafN.P. Petersen. K0benhavn: Lohse, [1948], 112p.

Location: Danmarks Peedagogiske Bibliotek, K0benhavn. Finnish 7.b

Orjien enkeli. Kertomus Harriet Beecher-Stowesta. [By] H. J. Kaeser. Suoment Kyllikki Nortimo. [First edition.] Lahti: Kustannus Oy Mantere, 1948. 147p.

Location: Heisingin Yliopisto, Kirjasto (Helsinki University, The National Library of Finland), Helsinki.

"Det mystiska korsets" man 8.

"Det mystiska korsets" matt. En berättelse om William Penn, grundaren av kväkarstaten Pennsylvania. Αν H. J. Kaeser. Stockholm: Harriers Bokförlag Aktiebolag, [1945]. 156p. (Bragd och hjältedäd, 53.)

Content: Biography of William Penn. Location: Svenska barnboksinstitutet (Swedish Institute for Children's Books), Stockholm.

Bragdernas belönare 9.

Bragdernas belönare. Andrew Carnegies liv och verk. Αν H. J. Kaeser. Stockholm: Harriers Bokförlag A.-B., [1945]. 159p. (Bragd och hjältedäd, 55.)

Content: Biography of Andrew Carnegie. Location: Svenska barnboksinstitutet (Swedish Institute for Children's Books), Stockholm.

Solskenskungen 10.

Solskenskungen. En berättelse om William Hesketh Lever. Αν H. J. Kaeser. Stockholm: Harriers Bokförlag A.-B., [1945]. 155p. (Bragd och hjältedäd, 62.)

Content: Biography of William Hesketh Lever. Location: Svenska barnboksinstitutet (Swedish Institute for Children's Books), Stockholm.

118

Η. J. Kaeser

Norwegian 10.a

Mannen som skapte solskinnsbyen. [By] Η. J. Kaeser. Oslo: Triangelforlaget, [1947]. 163p.

Note: No translator is named. Location: Norsk Barnebokinstitutt (Norwegian Institute for Children's Books), Oslo.

Alpernas 11.

besegrare

Alpernas besegrare. En berättelse om Louis Favre. Av H. J. Kaeser. Stockholm: Harriers Bokförlag Aktiebolag, [1946], 158p. (Bragd och hjältedäd, 77.)

Content: Biography of Louis Favre. Note: Reprinted in the same year. Location: Svenska barnboksinstitutet (Swedish Institute for Children's Books), Stockholm.

De faderlösas 12.

far

De faderlösas far. En berättelse om Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi, en mänsklighetens uppfostrare. Av H. J. Kaeser. Stockholm: Harriers Bokförlag A.-B., [1948]. 146p. (Bragd och hjältedäd, 85.)

Content: Biography of Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi. Location: Svenska barnboksinstitutet (Swedish Institute for Children's Books), Stockholm.

Pä jakt efter Trojas guld 13.

Pä jakt efter Trojas guld. En berättelse om Heinrich Schliemann, vars liv var ett äventyr. Av H. J. Kaeser. Stockholm: Harriers Bokförlag Α. B., [1948]. 157p. (Bragd och hjältedäd, 93.)

Content: Biography of Heinrich Schliemann. Location: Svenska barnboksinstitutet (Swedish Institute for Children's Books), Stockholm.

Det ittre ljusets 14.

kraß

Det inre ljusets kraft. En berättelse om Helen Keller. Av H. J. Kaeser. Stockholm: Harriers Bokförlag Aktiebolag, [1948]. 160p. (Bragd och hjältedäd, 96.)

Content: Biography of Helen Keller.

Η. J. Kaeser

119

Location: Svenska barnboksinstitutet (Swedish Institute for Children's Books), Stockholm.

Berömda 15.

kvinnobragder

Berömda kvinnobragder. Sju biografiska berättelser om märkliga Αν H. J. Kaeser. Stockholm: Bokförlag AB, [1949]. 134p.

kvinnor.

Content: Biographies of Harriet Beecher Stowe, Mathilde Wrede, Florence Nightingale, Clara Schumann, Amalie Dietrich, Amelia Earhart. Location: Tell G. Dahllöf Swedish-American Collection at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Mimffhat 16.

die

Verantwortung

Mimffhat die Verantwortung. [By] H. J. Kaeser. Illustrationen von Edward Ardizzone. Ravensburg: Ο. Maier, [1954]. 184p.

Content: The adventures of the eleven-year-old Mimff and his five-year-old adopted sister Ellinor while their parents are on a research field trip in South America. Note: The manuscript in German was written as a sequel to Mimff der Junge, der auszog, das Fürchten zu lernen in the late 1940s at the request of the Englishlanguage publisher.65 It was first published in the English translation in 1949. Location: Die Deutsche Bibliothek, Frankfurt/M. English 16.a

Mimff in Charge. [By] H. J. Kaeser. [Translated from the original German by David Ascoli]. Illustrated by Edward Ardizzone. [London]: Geoffrey Cumberlege, Oxford University Press, [1949]. 206p.

Note: Two sequels to this story were published in 1954 and 1958 under the title Mimff Takes Over, and Mimff-Robinson. Location: University Research Library at University of California Los Angeles. Norwegian 16.b Glitten som ingen kunne lure. [By] H. Kaeser. Oversatt av Lise D0scher. Oslo: Gyldendal norskforlag, [1950], 152p. Note: Listed as the translation from Mimm für et uppdrag, the Swedish title.66 Location: Schweizerische Landesbibliothek, Bern.

65 66

Η J. Kaeser, in a letter dated August 18, 1949, to H. R. Sauerländer.

In Index Translationum. International Bibliography A copy of the Swedish title could not be located.

of Translations

(Paris: Unesco, 1952), 284.

120

Mascha Kaleko

Mascha Kaleko (1912-1975) b. June 7,1912, Schidlow, AHM; d. January 21,1975, Zurich, Switzerland Exile: 1938 USA; 1960 Israel Mascha Kaleko was born Golda Malka Engel in Schidlow, Galicia, now Chrzanow, Poland. Fleeing pogroms in 1914, her family moved to Germany and eventually settled in Berlin. She attended secondary schools in Berlin, started working for a living while taking evening courses in psychology and philosophy, and incessantly wrote poems. She became a successful poet whose poems were published in leading Berlin newspapers and journals. In the early 1930s, two books of her poetry, Das lyrische Stenogrammheft. Verse vom Alltag (1933) and Kleines Lesebuch für Große. Gereimtes und Ungereimtes (1934) were published. After Hitler's rise to power, however, Mascha Kaleko (married to the Hebrew scholar Saul Kaleko) could no longer write and publish in Germany. In 1938 she emigrated with her second husband, the composer Chomje Vinaver, to the United States. In New York City she continued to write poems and epigrams in German which were periodically published in Aufbau, the German-language weekly in New York City, or in National-Zeitung in Basel, Switzerland. Her poems for children, written for her little son Steven during the 1940s, were first published with some delay in Germany in 1961. In 1960 she moved to Jerusalem, where first her son, then her husband, died. In Israel she wrote more poems for children which were published in 1971 by Blanvalet in Berlin as Wie 's auf dem Mond zugeht und andere Verse für Kinder und ihre Eltern. Mascha Kaleko died on a lecture tour on January 21, 1975, in Zürich, Switzerland. Her literary legacy is held by the Deutsches Literaturarchiv (Marbach/N).

Der Papagei, die Mamagei und andere komische Tiere 1.

Der Papagei, die Mamagei und andere komische Tiere. Ein Versbuch für verspielte Kinder sämtlicher Jahrgänge. [By] Mascha Kaleko. [Illustrationen, Typographie und Einbandgestaltung von Günther Simon]. Hannover: Fackelträger-Verlag, 1961. [34]p. (Die kleine Reihe.)

Content: Animal poems. Note: The poems were written in New York City during the 1940s for her son Steven. Location: Die Deutsche Bibliothek, Frankfurt/M.

Alex Keil

121

Alex Keil (rede Sändor Leicht/Ek, 1902-1975) b. August 27,1902, Szentmihälyfa, AHM; d. January 15,1975, Budapest, Hungary Exile: 1933 USSR; 1944 Hungary Sändor Leicht was born in Szentmihälyfa, Hungary. Soon after his birth, his workingclass family moved to Budapest. Young Sändor worked as an apprentice to a metal fitter, then as a dockyard worker, and in an airplane construction plant. In 1917-1918 he participated in the first workers' strikes and was a co-founder of the Hungarian Communist Youth Union. He began to study at the Proletarian Academy of the Graphic Arts in Budapest. After the fall of the Soviet Republic in Hungary in 1919, he was arrested and imprisoned. When released in 1920, he fled to Vienna. In the previous year he had changed his name to Sändor Ek.67 From Vienna, where he became a member of the Hungarian Communist Party in exile, he traveled to Moscow. There he resumed his studies of the graphic arts. From 1921 to 1924 he returned to Vienna, then traveled to Berlin, Paris, and Budapest. He settled in Berlin in 1925 and joined both the German Communist Party and the Association of German Revolutionary Graphic Artists. In Berlin he worked for the Communist press, producing revolutionary graphics and posters and signing his work as Alex Keil or Alex. In 1933 he emigrated to the USSR, where he became a high-ranking member of several unions of graphic artists. In 1941 he voluntarily joined the Red Army and fought on the front against German troops. In 1944 he returned to Budapest where he became a professor at the Academy of Fine Arts and a leading figure in the art world of post-war Budapest. He died on January 15, 1975. His production material and other archivalia are held by the Hungarian National Gallery (Budapest).

Budjonnys 1.

Kurier

Budjonnys Kurier. [By] L. I. Pantelejew. Ins Deutsche übertragen von T. Tschernaja. Mit Bildern ausgestattet von Α. Keil. Moskau/Leningrad: Verlagsgenossenschaft Ausländischer Arbeiter in der UdSSR, 1935. 96p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink.

''According to Sändor himself, who wished to have a Hungarian name, the name "Ek" was chosen as it is the last syllable of "Leichtek " (the Leichts). This information was supplied by György Horväth, the Deputy Director General of the Hungarian National Gallery in Budapest.

122

Alex Keil

Note: This is German translation of the Russian original entitled Paket. The Russian original was not illustrated by Alex Keil. Location: Die Deutsche Bibliothek - Deutsche Bücherei, Leipzig. Hungarian 1.a

Α Futär. [By] L. Pantelejev. Forditotta Gäspär Endre. Ek Sändor, Alex Keil, rajzaival. Budapest: XJj Magyar Könyvkiado Kiadäsa, 1948. 86p.

Note: Hungarian translation. An identical second edition was published in 1949 by Magyar Szovjet Tärsasäg Kiadoja in Budapest. Location: Orszägos Szechenyi Könyvtär (National Szechenyi Library), Budapest.

Sally Bleistift in Amerika 2.

Sally Bleistift in Amerika. [By] Mary Macmillan. Mit Originalzeichnungen von Alex Keil. Moskau/Leningrad: Verlagsgenossenschaft Ausländischer Arbeiter in der UdSSR, 1935. 135p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink. Location: Die Deutsche Bibliothek: Deutsches Exilarchiv, Frankfurt/M. 2.a

Sally Bleistift in Amerika. Eine Geschichte aus dem Jahre 1934. [By] Α. Lazar. Einband und Illustrationen: Sändor Ek (Alex Keil). Wien: Globus Verlag, [1947], 140p. (Jugend voran.)

Note: This Austrian edition has drawings identical to those in the Moscow edition. Location: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus 1, Berlin. Czech 2.b

Teta Saly ν Americe. [By] Mary Macmillan. Prelozil Jaroslav Zaorälek. Ilustroval A. Keil. Praha: Odeon, Jan Fromek, 1935. 156p.

Location: Stätni pedagogickä knihovna Komenskeho (Comenius State Library of Education), Praha. Spanish 2.c

Sally en America. [By] Mary Macmillan. Ilustraciones de Alex Keil. Madrid/Valencia: "Estrella"-Editorial para la juventud, 1937. 93p. (Novelas infantiles "Estrella.")

Location: Die Deutsche Bibliothek: Deutsches Exilarchiv, Frankfurt/M.

Irmgard Keun

123

Irmgard Keun (1905-1982) b. February 6,1905, Berlin, Germany; d. May 5,1982, Cologne, FRG Exile: 1936 Belgium, Holland; 1940 Germany Irmgard Keun was born into a well-to-do family in Berlin. When she was eight, her family moved to Cologne, where Irmgard completed secondary education and began working as an accountant in the family business. She also took courses in acting and soon was engaged as an actress. In the early 1930s, Irmgard Keun began publishing novels which brought her immediate success, although her successful career as a writer did not last long. The National Socialists blacklisted her books as trash, and denied her right to further publish books in Germany. In 1936 she left Germany for Belgium, then Holland, where several of her books were published by the exile publishers Allert de Lange and Emanuel Querido. Among them was Kind aller Länder (Amsterdam, 1938).68 After Germany occupied Holland in 1940, Irmgard Keun crossed the German border and lived in and around Cologne under a false name until the end of the war. In postwar Germany, she resumed writing novels and, for a period of time, worked for a radio station in Cologne. Her health seriously eroded because of hardships suffered in her exile and years of hiding in Germany, and because of her addiction to alcohol. She was hospitalized for several years. Toward the end of her life, her literary work received its due recognition. Her novels were republished, and in 1981 she received a literary prize, the Marieluise Fleißer-Preis der Stadt Ingolstadt. Irmgard Keun died on May 5, 1982, in Cologne. Her literary legacy is held by the Deutsches Literaturarchiv (Marbach/N), and by the Stiftung Archiv der Akademie der Künste (Berlin).

Das Mädchen mit dem die Kinder nicht verkehren durften 1.

Das Mädchen mit dem die Kinder nicht verkehren durften. [By] Irmgard Keun. Amsterdam: Allert de Lange, 1936. 186p.

Content: In countinuous conflict with her teachers, parents and other adults, the twelve-year-old heroine narrates entertaining episodes from her adventurous life. Note: In 1935, while writing the episodes in Germany, Keun negotiated to publish them in the magazine Frankfurter Illustrierte, in Frankfurt/M. Her plans never came

68 The story, narrated by the ten-year-old girl, depicts Irmgard's own life in the period from 1936 to 1938 when she lived in Belgium and Holland, and traveled to Poland, Austria, Italy, France, and the United States. The stylistically simple narration has occasionally misled the reviewers to classify it as a book for children/youth even though the story is written in the voice of a mature woman.

Irmgard Keun

124

to fruition. Without membership in the Reichsschrifttumskammer, she could no longer have her books published in Germany.69 This was Keun's first book published in exile. Black ink drawings, some of them initialed U, were executed by the fellow emigre Paul Urban. 70 His name and credit are missing from the book. Location: Harry Elkins Widener Memorial Library at Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts. l.a

Das Mädchen, mit dem die Kinder nicht verkehren durften. [By] Irmgard Keun. Düsseldorf: Komet, 1949. 236p.

Note: This is the first edition published in the FRG. Location: Die Deutsche Bibliothek, Frankfurt/M. Dutch l.b

Het meisje, waarme de hinderen niet mögen omgaan. [By] Irmgard Keun. [Translated by] Feitsma. Hoorn: De Steenuil, [1936]. 176p. (De Zonnereeks.)

Location: Universiteitsbibliotheek at Universiteit Leiden, Leiden.

Lotte Koch-Reiniger (1899-1981) b. June 2,1899, Berlin, Germany; d. June 19,1981, Dettenhausen, FRG Exile: 1933 UK; 1939 Italy; 1948 UK Charlotte Reiniger was born in Berlin. As a young child she was interested in acting and showed talent for the visual arts. She attended the Acting Academy of Max Reinhardt in Berlin in 1916-1917, and became a protege of the actor Paul Wegener, who engaged her to cut silhouettes for subtitles of his silent movies. In 1919 she created her first short silhouette film with more to follow. In 1921 she married Carl Koch, one of her collaborators in the production of silhouette films. From 1923 tol926 she, Carl Koch, and several other collaborators worked on a first full-length silhouette film, Die Abenteuer des Prinzen Achmed. This animated film, based on a story from OneThousand and One Nights was a great success. Unable to work in Berlin after Hitler's rise to power in 1933, Lotte emigrated to London where she worked for the General Post Office Film Unit and the Crown Film Unit producing advertising films and several short silhouette films. Some of her film silhouettes were used for book illustrations. During WWII she and Carl Koch worked in Rome producing silhouette films of operas, among others. In 1949 she returned to

69 Irmgard Keun. Ich lebe in einem wilden Wirbel. Briefe an Arnold Strauss 1933 bis 1947. Hrsg. von Gabriele Kreis und Marjory S. Strauss (Düsseldorf: claassen, 1988), 135. 70

Conveyed by Dr. Kurt Löb in a letter to this author dated September 12, 1997.

Fritz Kredel

125

London where she had her own studio. During the 1950s she produced a series of short silhouette films for BBC television and prepared a series of thirteen fairy tales for the Primrose Production Studio in London. The fairy tale "Das tapfere Schneiderlein" received the first prize of the 1955 Biennale in Venice, Italy in the category of TV short films. Also noteworthy are her illustrations for Roger Lancelyn Green's book King Arthur and His Knights of the Round Table (London, 1953). Lotte Koch-Reiniger died on June 19, 1981, while on a trip to Germany in Dettenhausen, near Stuttgart. Her films and archival material are deposited at the Primrose Film Productions (London), and at the Stiftung Deutsche Kinemathek (Berlin).

Oer ewige Esel 1.

Der ewige Esel. Eine Jugenderzählung. [By] Karl Otten. Mit 16 Scherenschnitten von Lotte Koch-Reiniger. Zürich/Freiburg i.B.: Atlantis Verlag, [1949]. 191p. (Atlantis Jugendbücher.)

Illustrations: Silhouettes. Location: Die Deutsche Bibliothek: Deutsches Exilarchiv, Frankfurt/M.

Fritz Kredel (1900-1973) b. February 8,1900, Michelstadt/Odenwald, Germany; d. June 11,1973, New York, USA Exile: 1936 Austria; 1938 USA Encouraged by his father, an army major with the Hessian field artillery, Fritz Kredel drew extensively as a young child. He was schooled in Michelstadt and Darmstadt. In 1918 he joined the German army. After the end of WWI, he worked as an apprentice in a pharmacy, and later as a manager on a farm in Pomerania. In 1920 he began to study at the Arts and Crafts School in Offenbach. He soon became the master student of Rudolf Koch, the artist of the book associated with the Klingspor type foundry. Except for a period of study of art with Victor Hammer in Italy in 1924, Kredel remained in Offenbach. He collaborated with Rudolf Koch, creating drawings and wood engravings for numerous books. He maintained contacts with American bibliophiles, such as George Macy of the Limited Editions Club in New York, who offered him his first American commission: Fairy Tales by the Brothers Grimm (1931). Soon other assignments followed, such as Slovenly Peter (1935), limited to a run of 1500 copies for members of the Limited Editions Club by the Marchbanks Press, and Schnitzelbank (1938), printed by the Press of the Wooly Whale.

126

Fritz Kredel

In 1936 Kredel took his family to Austria, fearing repercussions because of his wife's Jewish background. In Austria he continued to nurture contacts with American graphic artists and bibliophiles who urged him to come to the United States. In the fall of 1938, Fritz Kredel finally relented and sailed with his family to New York City. From 1938 until the early 1970s Fritz Kredel worked as a freelance artist, illustrating hundreds of books, most of which were children's books. For a brief period, between 1940 and 1942, he taught at the Cooper Union Art School in New York City. He became an American citizen, and a recognized illustrator whose children's books were annually chosen as among the fifty best illustrated books by the American Institute of Graphic Arts. Kredel maintained contacts with German publishers, in particular with Riitten and Loening in Potsdam, where he published several books before 1945. After the end of WWII, he was more frequently published in the Federal Republic of Germany. His birthplace, the town of Michelstadt, presented him in 1956 with an honorary plaque, and in 1960 he received the Goethe plaque from the city of Frankfurt/M and the Johann Heinrich Merck Tribute from the city of Darmstadt. Fritz Kredel died on June 11, 1973, in New York City. His artistic legacy is held by the Arts of the Book Collection at Yale University (New Haven, Connecticut), at the Odenwald Museum (Michelstadt), and in the Klingspor Museum (Offenbach).

Caterpillar, 1.

Caterpillar

Caterpillar, Caterpillar. By Jeanette Perkins Brown. With Pictures by Fritz Kredel. New York/London: Harper & Brothers, 1939. [19]p.

Illustrations: Colored line drawings. Location: Tisch Library at Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts.

Heaven Lies About Us 2.

Heaven Lies About Us. A Fragment of Infancy. [By] Howard Spring. Illustrations in two colors by Fritz Kredel. New York: The Viking Press, 1939. 134p.

Illustrations: Black line drawings highlighted with orange. Location: Pace University Library, New York, New York.

Oer Kasperl 3.

kommt

Der Kasperl kommt. Neue herzhafte Kasperlstücke, die zu Passau, Offenbach und Hannover vor Alten and Jungen gespielt wurden. Von Friedrich Heinrichsen mit zahlreichen Bildern von Fritz Kredel. Berlin/Zürich: Atlantis-Verlag, [cl939]. 96p.

Fritz Kredel

127

Illustrations: Pen and ink drawings, some with color overlays. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Lamb's Tales from 4.

Shakespeare

Lamb's Tales from Shakespeare. By Charles and Mary Lamb. Illustrated by Fritz Kredel. Garden City, New York: Garden City Publishing Co., Inc., [cl939]. 296p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink drawings and watercolor plates. Location: Warren Hunting Smith Library at Hobart & William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York.

Das tapfere 5.

Schneiderlein

Das tapfere Schneiderlein. Text der Gebrüder Grimm. Mit farbigen Bildern von Fritz Kredel. Potsdam: Riitten & Loening, [c 1939]. 27p. (Deutsche Volksund Kunstmärchen.)

Illustrations: Line drawings with watercolor. Location: Sterling Memorial Library at Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.

The Youngest 6.

Camel

The Youngest Camel. By Kay Boyle. With illustrations by Fritz Kredel. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1939. 96p.

Illustrations: Line drawings with grey and yellow wash. Note: Reprinted in 1942. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. 6.a

The Youngest Camel. By Kay Boyle. Illustrated by Fritz Kredel. London: Faber and Faber Limited, [1939], 107p.

Note: Illustrations are identical to those in the American edition. Location: University Library at Michigan State University, East Lansing.

Zwerg Nase 7.

Zwerg Nase. [By] Wilhelm Hauff. Mit farbigen Bildern von Fritz Kredel. Potsdam: Rütten & Loening Verlag, [cl939]. 64p. (Deutsche Volks- und Kunstmärchen.)

Illustrations: Line drawings with watercolor. Location: Sterling Memorial Library at Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.

128

Fritz Kredel

Christmas 8.

Christmas. A story by Eleanor Roosevelt. Illustrated by Fritz Kredel. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1940. 42p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink drawings. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Cleo for Short 9.

Cleo for Short. By Brooks Atkinson. Illustrations by Fritz Kredel. New York: Howell, Soskin & Co., [cl940]. 31p.

Illustrations: Brown pen and ink drawing of a dog's head. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Kalif Storch 10.

Kalif Storch. [By] Wilhelm Hauff. Mit farbigen Bildern von Fritz Kredel. Potsdam: Rütten & Loening Verlag, [cl940], 30p. (Deutsche Volks- und Kunstmärchen.)

Illustrations: Line drawings with watercolor. Location: Sterling Memorial Library at Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.

Rumpelstilzchen 11.

Rumpelstilzchen.Te.\t der Gebrüder Grimm. Mit farbigen Bildern von Fritz Kredel. Potsdam: Rütten & Loening Verlag, [cl940], 15p. (Deutsche Volksund Kunstmärchen.)

Illustrations: Line drawings with watercolor. Location: Bibliothek, Klingspor-Museum, Offenbach, Germany.

The White Isle 12.

The White Isle. [By] Caroline Dale Snedeker. Illustrated by Fritz Kredel. New York: Doubleday, Doran & Co., Inc., 1940. 27lp.

Illustrations: Black ink drawings. Note: Another edition was printed in 1941 in Garden City, New York. Location: New York State Library, Albany.

129

Fritz Kredel

Alameda 13.

Alameda. By Leslie Weiner. Pictures by Fritz Kredel. New York/London: Harper & Brothers, [cl941], 32p.

Illustrations: Black ink drawings, some highlighted with red. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Defending 14.

America

Defending America. By Creighton Peet. Illustrated by Fritz Kredel. New York/London: Harper & Brothers Publishers, [cl941]. 160p.

Illustrations: Grey wash drawings and full-color plates. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

The Shoemaker's 15.

Son

The Shoemaker's Son: The Life of Hans Christian Andersen. By Constance Buel Burnett. Decorations by Fritz Kredel. New York: The Junior Literary Guild and Random House, 1941. 313p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink drawings. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Hans Christian 16.

Andersen

Hans Christian Andersen. The Maker of Fairy Tales. This volume edited by Jean Herscholt and illustrated with drawings by Fritz Kredel. The first of two volumes. New York: The Limited Editions Club, 1942. 180p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink drawings. Note: The examined copy was packaged in a box with Fairy Tales by Hans Christian Andersen. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Fairy Tales 16.a

Fairy Tales by Hans Christian Andersen. Translated from the Danish by Jean Herscholt, with hand-colored illustrations by Fritz Kredel. The second of two volumes. New York: The Limited Editions Club, 1942. 399p.

Illustrations: Hand-colored pen and ink drawings Note: The examined copy was packaged in a box with Hans Christian Andersen. The Maker of Fairy Tales. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

130

Fritz Kredel

The Complete 16.b

Andersen

The Complete Andersen: All of the 168 Stories. By Hans Christian Andersen. Translated into English for this new edition by Jean Hersholt with an Appendix containing the unpublished tales, a Chronological Listing, an Index, and the Notes. With hand-colored illustrations by Fritz Kredel. New York: The Limited Editions Club, [cl942, cl949].

Illustrations: New hand-colored pen and ink drawings in addition to drawings from nos. 16 and 16.a. Note: This is a six-volume set consisting of The Longer Stories (Vol. 1. 184p.; Vol. 2.185-430p.), The Shorter Stories (Vol. 3.222p.; Vol. 4.223-445p.), The Fairy Tales (Vol. 5. 195p.), The Fairy Tales and Appendices (Vol. 6. 197-297p.). At a later date, The Heritage Press published a three-volume set entitled Andersen's Fairy Tales. The set consists of Andersen's Fairy Tales (Vol. 1), Hans Christian Andersen's Longer Stories (Vol. 2), and Hans Christian Andersen's Shorter Tales (Vol. 3). Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Merry Hearts and Bold 17.

Merry Hearts and Bold. [The stories and poems in this book were selected by Barbara Nolen and illustrated by Fritz Kredel], Boston: D. C. Heath and Company, [cl942], 437p. (Reading for Interest.)

Illustrations: Watercolors and wash drawings. Note: A revised edition with identical drawings was published in 1950. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

My First Geography of the 18.

Americas

My First Geography of the Americas. [By] Arensa Sondergaard. Illustrated by Fritz Kredel. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1942. 60p.

Illustrations: Grey wash drawings and watercolors. Location: New York State Library, Albany.

A Christmas 19.

Carol

A Christmas Carol. By Charles Dickens. Illustrated by Fritz Kredel for The Peter Pauper Press. Mount Vernon, New York: The Peter Pauper Press, [ca. 1943], 119p.

Illustrations: Black line drawings highlighted with green. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Fritz Kredel

131

Silent Night 20.

Silent Night. The Story of a Song. By Hertha Pauli. Illustrated by Fritz Kredel. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1943. 81p. (Borzoi Books for Younger Readers.)

Illustrations: Black ink drawings, some fully colored. Location: Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Portuguese 20.a

Noite feliz. Histöria de uma canqäo de Natal. [By] Hertha Pauli. Tradu$äo de Maxime Seguin. Ilustra^öes de Fritz Kredel. [Säo Paulo]: Edigöes Melhoramentos, [1947]. 79p.

Note: Illustrations in this Brazilian edition are identical to those in the original. Location: Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

The Three-Cornered Hat 21.

The Three-Cornered Hat. [By] Pedro Antonio de Alarcon. Translated from the Spanish by Lawrence M. Levin. Woodcuts by Fritz Kredel. New York: H. Bittner & Company, 1944. 151p.

Illustrations: Hand-colored woodcuts. Note: The book was set and printed by hand in an edition of 500 copies. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Grimm's Fairy Tales 22.

Grimm's Fairy Tales. By the Brothers Grimm. Translated by Mrs. Ε. V. Lucas, Lucy Crane, and Marion Edwardes. Illustrated by Fritz Kredel. New York: Grosset & Dunlap Publishers, [cl945], 362p. (Illustrated Junior Library.)

Illustrations: Black ink drawings and full-color plates. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Riddles Around the World 23.

Riddles Around the World. Illustrated by F. Kredel. [Riddles collected by Otto Zoff. New York]: Pantheon, [cl945]. 46p.

Illustrations: Watercolors. Location: University Libraries at University at Albany, State University of New York.

132

23.a

Fritz Kredel

Riddles Around the World. Illustrated by F. Kredel. [Riddles collected by Otto Zoff]. Special edition. Eau Claire, Wisconsin: Ε. M. Hale and Company, [cl945]. [46]p.

Note: This special edition was published by arrangement with Pantheon Books, Inc. It is identical to the regular edition. Location: Harold B. Lee Library at Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah. Danish 23.b 50 gaaderfrä alverdens lande. Med. illustrationer af Fritz Kredel. [Gaader samlet af Otto Zoff. Oversat til dansk af Inger Harsberg]. K0benhavn: Thorkild Becks Forlag, n.d. [44]p. Note: There are fewer riddles and illustrations than in the Pantheon edition. Published in 1949. Location: Danmarks Paedagogiske Bibliotek, K0benhavn.

Robinson 24.

Crusoe

Robinson Crusoe. The Life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, of York, Mariner: Who Lived Eight and Twenty Years all Alone in an Uninhabited Island on the Coast of America, Near the Mouth of the Great River of Orinoco; Having Been Cast on Shore by Shipwreck, Wherein all the Men Perished but Himself With an Account How He Was at Last as Strangely Delivered by Pirates. By Daniel Defoe. Illustrated by Fritz Kredel. Garden City, New York: Doubleday, Doran and Company, Inc., [cl945]. 395p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink decorative initials and full-page watercolors. Note: This book is copy number seventy-seven in an edition limited to one thousand numbered copies signed by Fritz Kredel. Location: Beinecke Library at Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.

The Adventures 25.

of Pinocchio

The Adventures of Pinocchio. By C. Collodi (Carlo Lorenzini). Translated by M. A. Murray. With illustrations by Fritz Kredel. New York: Grosset & Dunlap, Publishers, [cl946]. 255p. (Illustrated Junior Library.)

Illustrations: Pen and ink drawings and full-color plates. Location: University Libraries at University at Albany, State University of New York.

133

Fritz Kredel

Alice's Adventures 26.

in

Wonderland

Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. By Lewis Carroll. With the John Tenniel illustrations colored by Fritz Kredel. [Special edition]. New York: Random House, [1946], 150p.

Illustrations: Original Tenniel illustrations colored by Fritz Kredel. Note: Designed by George Salter. Boxed with Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There under a collective title Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. Location: Jerome Dawson Memorial Library at Siena College, Loudonville, New York. 26.a

Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There. By Lewis Carroll. With the John Tenniel illustrations colored by Fritz Kredel. [Special edition]. New York: Random House, [1946]. 165p.

Illustrations: Original Tenniel illustrations colored by Fritz Kredel. Note: Designed by George Salter. Boxed with Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. Location: Jerome Dawson Memorial Library at Siena College, Loudonville, New York.

H.M.S. 27.

Pinafore

H.M.S. Pinafore. Story and music arrangements adapted from Gilbert and Sullivan by Opal Wheeler. Illustrated by Fritz Kredel. First edition. New York: E. P. Dutton and Co., Inc., 1946. 96p.

Illustrations: Blue and grey wash drawings and full-page watercolors. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

The King of the Golden 28.

River

The King of the Golden River. By John Ruskin. Illustrated by Fritz Kredel. Introduction by May Lamberton Becker. Special edition. Cleveland/New York: The World Publishing Company, [cl946]. 11 lp. (Rainbow Classics.)

Illustrations: Pen and ink drawings and full-page watercolors. Location: Sterling Memorial Library at Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.

Aesop's 29.

Fables

Aesop's Fables. With drawings by Fritz Kredel. [New York]: Grosset & Dunlap Publishers, [cl947]. 234p. (Illustrated Junior Library.)

Illustrations: Black ink drawings and full-page watercolors. Location: Sterling Memorial Library at Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.

134

Fritz Kredel

Die Bremer Stadtmusikanten 30.

Die Bremer Stadtmusikanten. Text der Gebrüder Grimm. Mit farbigen Β ildern von Fritz Kredel. Potsdam: Rütten & Loening Verlag, [cl947]. [20]p. (Deutsche Volks- und Kunstmärchen.)

Illustrations: Line drawings with watercolor. Location: Bibliothek, Klingspor-Museum, Offenbach, Germany.

The Day They Gave Babies Away 31.

The Day They Gave Babies Away. By Dale Eunson. Illustrated by Fritz Kredel. New York: Farrar, Straus and Company, 1947. 38p.

Illustrations: Scratch board. Location: Sterling Memorial Library at Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.

Jibby, the Cat 32.

Jibby, the Cat. By Felix Saiten. Illustrated by Fritz Kredel. New York: Julian Messner, Inc., [cl948]. 177p.

Illustrations: Black ink drawings. Location: Queens Borough Public Library, Jamaica, New York.

The Adventures of Philippe 33.

The Adventures of Philippe. A Story of Old Kebec. By Gwendolyn Bowers. Illustrated by Fritz Kredel. New York: Aladdin Books, 1949. 153p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink drawings highlighted with brown wash. Location: Sterling Memorial Library at Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.

Aladdin and the Wonderful Lamp 34.

Aladdin and the Wonderful Lamp. Re-told by Jean Herscholt. Illustrated by Fritz Kredel. New York: The Limited Editions Club, [cl949]. 39p. (The Evergreen Tales.)

Illustrations: Hand-colored pen and ink drawings. Note: This copy is numbered 1512 in the edition of 2500 numbered copies. Location: Boston Public Library, Boston, Massachusetts.

Fritz Kredel

135

Doktor Faust 35.

Doktor Faust. Das alte Puppenspiel. Mit Holzschnitten von Fritz Kredel. [Frankfurt/M: Der goldene Brunnen - Hausverlag der Bauerschen Giesserei, 1950]. 51p.

Illustrations: Hand-colored woodcuts. Note: The text was retold from several seventeenth century versions of the Faust drama by Sofie-Charlotte and Konrad Bauer, as indicated in the epilogue. Location: University of California Southern Regional Library Facility, Los Angeles.

Eight Treasured Stories 36.

Eight Treasured Stories. Adapted by Mary Yost Sandrus, Gertrude Moderow, Ernest C. Noyes. Illustrated by Fritz Kredel. Chicago/Atlanta/Dallas/New York: Scott, Foresman and Company, [cl950], 286p.

Illustrations: Black ink drawings. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Leaders in Other Lands 37.

Leaders in Other Lands. [Written by Jeanette Eaton. Illustrated by Fritz Kredel]. Boston: D. C. Heath and Company, [cl950]. 332p. (History on the March.)

Illustrations: Black ink drawings, some fully colored . Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

The Whispering Earth 38.

The Whispering Earth. By Patricia Benton. Illustrated by Fritz Kredel. New York: Patricia Benton, 1950. 47p.

Illustrations: Hand-colored woodcuts. Location: Sterling Memorial Library at Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.

The World's Greatest Christmas 39.

Stories

The World's Greatest Christmas Stories. Edited by Eric Posselt. Illustrated by Fritz Kredel. New York: Prentice-Hall, 1950. 426p.

Illustrations: Black ink drawings. Location: Walter Library at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

136

Joe Lederer

Joe Lederer (1907-1987) b. September 12,1907, Vienna, AHM; d. January 30,1987, Munich, FRG Exile: 1933 China, Austria, Italy; 1938 UK; 1956 FRG Josefine Lederer was born on September 12, 1907, in Vienna. After completing a college preparatory high school in Vienna, she left for Berlin where she intended to become an actress. She worked instead as a secretary, for a period of time for the writer Balder Olden (1882-1949). She also began to write journal articles and other prose works. Her first novel, Das Mädchen George (Berlin, 1928), brought her huge success. When the National Socialists came to power in 1933, her books were banned. She left Germany and for two years she lived in Shanghai, China, where she wrote a manuscript for a children's story later published as Fafan in China. After her return to Europe in 1936, she lived for periods of time in Austria and Italy; she emigrated to the UK in 1938. In London Joe Lederer worked odd jobs before she could support herself as a journalist, working for a period of time for the Foreign Office and the BBC. In 1956 she returned to Germany and settled in Munich, where she resumed her career as a freelance writer. Joe Lederer died on January 30, 1987, in Munich. Some of her archival material is held by the Stadtbibliothek (München).

Fafan in China 1.

Fafan in China. Ein Roman für Kinder. [By] Joe Lederer. [Die Bilder dieses Buches sind von Ingrid Wasa], Wien/Leipzig/Olten: Wilhelm Frick Verlag, [cl938]. 189p.

Content: Fafan Müller, a Swiss boy living in China, organizes a search for his kidnapped Chinese friend Cheng, and succeeds in rescuing him. Note: The manuscript was written in Shanghai in 1934/1935. Location: Die Deutsche Bibliothek: Deutsches Exilarchiv, Frankfurt/M. l.a

Fafan in China. Ein Roman für die Jugend. [By] Joe Lederer. Mit Bildern von Ingrid Wasa. Herausgegeben und mit Notizen versehen von I. Carvalho. Amsterdam: Verlag von J. M. Meulenhoff, n.d. 133p. (Meulenhoffs Sammlung deutscher Schriftsteller, 84.)

Note: This first edition has eight illustrations, reduced from the original thirty-six. There is a twenty-page appendix containing notes and translations of German words and phrases into Dutch. It was published in 1940. An abridged second edition appeared in 1949.

Jella Lepman

137

Location: University of Illinois Library at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana. English l.b

Fafan in China. By Joe Lederer. Translated by Margaret Rounds. Illustrated by William Sanderson. [New York]: Holiday House, [cl939]. 137p.

Location: Spengler Library at Ohio Dominican College, Columbus, Ohio. Swedish l.c

Cheng hos banditerna. A ν Joe Lederer. Översättning frän tyskan av Verna Lindberg. Stockholm: Bonnier, 1939. 147p. (Bonniers barnbibliotek, 55.)

Note: Five pen and ink drawings are by Ingrid Wasa. Her name does not appear anywhere in the book. Location: Svenska barnboksinstitutet (Swedish Institute for Children's Books), Stockholm. Danish l.d

Stefan i Shanghai. [By] Joe Lederer. [Paa dansk ved Soffy Tops0e]. K0benhavn: Gyldendalske Boghandel-Nordisk Forlag, 1939. 78p.

Location: Danmarks Paedagogiske Bibliotek, K0benhavn. Hebrew l.e

Fafan be-erets-Sin: roman li-yeladim. [By] Go Lederer. [Translated by] A. Kaplan. Tsiyurim Mosheh Tolts'inski. Yerushalayim: hotsa'at Ahia'saf, [1949]. l l l p .

Location: Harry Elkins Widener Memorial Library at Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Jella Lepman (1891-1970) b. May 15,1891, Stuttgart, Germany; d. October 5,1970, Zurich, Switzerland Exile: 1936 UK; 1945 USOZG Jella Lehmann was born and educated in Stuttgart.71 As an adult she became the editor of a daily Stuttgart newspaper and political activist in the German Democratic Party. Although she was an unsuccessful candidate for the Reichstag in the state of

71

1969).

Jella Lepman, A Bridge of Children's Books (Leicester/Chicago: Brockhampton Press and ALA,

Jella Lepman

138

Württemberg, she drew the wrath of the National Socialists. Fearing harassment, she was forced to flee Germany with her two children. In 1936 she emigrated to the United Kingdom. Living in London, she soon became a British citizen. She worked at the Foreign Office, the BBC, and the American Broadcasting Station in Europe. In 1945 the American military offered her the post of advisor for women's and children's issues in the program of cultural reconstruction in the war-ravaged American sector of Germany. She accepted and became a successful administrator. Armed with the support of such American dignitaries as Eleanor Roosevelt and with financial support of agencies such as the Rockefeller Foundation and the Ford Foundation, in 1946 she organized a traveling international exhibition of children's drawings and donated children's books. In 1949 she founded the International Youth Library (IYL) in Munich, the very first international library with the mission of promoting the international exchange of ideas and dissemination of information among librarians, publishers, and specialists in the field of children's literature. From 1949 to 1957 she was the president of the IYL. In 1952 she initiated the founding of the International Board of Books for Young People (IBB Y) and its bi-annual congresses, which take place in different countries all over the globe. Before her exile, Jella had written a children's story, Der verschlafene Sonntag (1928), and a children's play, Der singende Pfennig (1929). In London she wrote a detective story for children. She gave the idea for another children's story, in which the war initiated by humans ends with the never-ending peace initiated by animals, to the author Erich Kästner and the illustrator Walter Trier, who created the children's book Die Konferenz der Tiere (1949).72 In post-war Germany, she wrote another detective story for children, Wer ist Lux? Eine Detektivgeschichte für die Jugend (Reutlingen, 1950). She was also the co-editor of the children's book series Die schönsten Gute-Nacht-Geschichten (1951-1967), a collection of bedtime stories written by children for a contest she organized in 1946. Her activities on behalf of German children in their war-ravaged country are described in Die Kinderbuchbrücke (Frankfurt/M, 1964), which was translated into many languages. In 1956 she received the Hans Christian Andersen Medal for international understanding through children's books. In 1968 the FRG state of Hessen awarded her the Goethe Medal for her work on behalf of children. Jella Lepman died on October 5, 1970, in Zurich where she had lived after her retirement.

72

See Walter Trier bibliographical entries.

Steffi Lerch

Das Geheimnis vom 1.

139

Kukuckshof

Das Geheimnis vom Kukuckshof. Eine Detektivgeschichte aus dem Schwarzwald. [By] Jella Lepman. First edition. London: John Murray, 1942. 64p.

Content: Children of a famous German cuckoo-clock-maker from the Black Forest, helped by two young American visitors, uncover an international ring of patent thieves. Note: Intended as a German-language reader, the book has the German-English vocabulary list. Location: Internationale Jugendbibliothek, München (photocopy of the book held by the Library, University of Wales, College of Cardiff, UK).

Steffie Lerch (1905-1996) b. March 10,1905, Budapest, AHM; d. June 3,1996, New York, USA Exile: 1939 USA Stephanie Krausz was born on March 10, 1905, in Budapest. In 1906 her family moved to Vienna where she attended secondary schools and studied at the Academy of Fine Arts. She worked in advertising and in 1933 married the oil painter Franz Lerch. Both were forced to give up their careers and flee Vienna and Austria because of their Jewish background. The Lerchs emigrated to the United States. In New York City Steffie continued to work in advertising as a graphic artist, and as a greeting card and novelty designer. From the mid-1940s to the early 1950s, she also illustrated children's books. Her last known illustrations were for the book The Little Golden Christmas Manger (New York, 1953), by Jane Watson. Steffie Lerch died on June 3, 1996, in New York City.

The Story of Jesus 1.

The Story of Jesus. By Beatrice Alexander. Illustrated by Steffie Lerch. New York: Simon and Schuster, [cl946]. [40]p. (Little Golden Books.)

Illustrations: Grey wash and watercolors. Location: Marriott Library at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City.

140

Steffi Lerch

A Child's Garden of Verses 2.

A Child's Garden of Verses. By Robert Louis Stevenson. Pictures by Steffie Lerch. Chicago: Wilcox & Follett Co., [cl948], [30]p.

Illustrations: Grey wash and watercolors. Location: Calvin T. Ryan Library at University of Nebraska at Kearney.

The Surprise Doll 3.

The Surprise Doll. Story by Morrell Gipson. Illustrations by Steffie Lerch. New York: Grosset & Dunlap, [cl949]. [19]p.

Illustrations: Watercolors. Note: Published simultaneously in Canada. Location: Melvin J. Zahnow Library at Saginaw Valley State University, University Center, Michigan.

We Like to Do Things 4.

We Like to Do Things. By Walter M. Mason. Pictures by Steffie Lerch. New York: Simon and Schuster, [cl949]. [42]p. (Little Golden Books.)

Illustrations: Watercolors. Location: Buenger Memorial Library at Concordia College, St. Paul, Minnesota.

Heidi 5.

Heidi. Child of the Mountains. Adapted and abridged from the famous story by Johanna Spyri. Illustrated by Steffie Lerch. New York: Wonder Books, [cl950]. [17]p.

Illustrations: Watercolors. Note: Published simultaneously in Canada. The book has washable covers. Location: Booth Library at Eastern Illinois University, Charleston.

Julius Ε. Lips

141

Julius Ε. Lips (1895-1950) b. September 8,1895, Saarbrücken, Germany; d. January 21,1950, Leipzig, GDR Exile: 1933 France; 1934 USA; 1948 SOZG Julius Ernst Lips was born in Saarbrücken, where he attended and completed secondary schools. 73 At the beginning of WWI he joined the German army as a volunteer. He served on the Russian front until he was wounded in 1916. He then studied law, ethnology, psychology, and economics, and received doctor of jurisprudence and doctor of philosophy degrees at the University of Leipzig. During the 1920s he traveled in Europe and abroad, writing newspaper and journal articles dealing with literary criticism and ethnology. In 1925 he accepted a post at the Rautenstrauch-Joest Museum of Ethnology in Cologne. In 1927 he became the director of the museum and a professor of ethnology and sociology at the University of Cologne. In 1934 Lips emigrated to the United States via Paris in protest against Hitler and the Nazis. As a visiting professor of anthropology at Columbia University in New York City, he traveled to Labrador in the summer of 1935 on a research trip to investigate the life and customs of the Naskapi Indians living there. Thus began a series of research trips during which he observed and recorded the lifestyles and customs of various Indian tribes on the North American continent. The Savage Hits Back (New Haven, 1937) is the first among many publications on the subject. From 1937 to 1939 he chaired the anthropology department of Howard University in Washington, D.C. From 1940 to 1948 he taught at the New School for Social Research in New York City. The Origin of Things (New York, 1947), a cultural history of man, as illustrated by his wife, Eva Lips, is his seminal work. Julius E. Lips returned to Leipzig in 1948 after being offered a teaching position at the university. In 1949 he became the rector of the university. He died suddenly on January 21,1950, in Leipzig. His archival material is held by the University Archives (Leipzig).

Tents in the 1.

Wilderness

Tents in the Wilderness. The Story of a Labrador Indian Boy. By Julius E. Lips. Illustrated by Kurt Wiese. First edition. Philadelphia/New York: Frederick A. Stokes Company, 1942. 297p. (A Story Press Book.)

73 E v a Lips, Zwischen Lehrstuhl und Indianerzelt. Rütten & Loening, 1965).

Aus dem Leben und Werk von Julius Lips (Berlin:

142

Julius Ε. Lips

Content: One year of life with the boy Pirre and his family, members of the Naskapi Indians from Labrador. Note: Dedicated: "To my friend Bennett Buck and his boy Martin and to my black bear Peter Diogenes." Published in the same year by Longmans in Toronto, Canada. The second impression was published by J. Β. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia/New York, copyright 1942. The text and illustrations are identical to that in the Stokes edition. It is likely that the Lippincott edition signifies a change of publishers in the year 1942. Location: Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. l.a

Tents in the Wilderness. By Julius E. Lips. London: Harrap, [1944], 224p.

Note: The illustrator is not identified. Location: Bodleian Library at University of Oxford, UK. German l.b

Zelte in der Wildnis. Indianerleben in Labrador. [By] Julius Lips, [...vom Autor aus dem englischen Original übertragen. Schutzumschlag und Zeichnungen für die österreichische Ausgabe von Hans Rauser. Wien: Danubia-Verlag, cl942], 253p.

Note: Translated into German by the author. Dedicated: "Für meine Frau, meinen Kameraden, meinen Reisegefährten und Kampfgenossen Eva Lips." Location: Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Wien. l.c

Zelte in der Wildnis. Indianerleben in Labrador. [By] Julius E. Lips. [Einzig autorisierte Übersetzung von Julius Lips]. Illustrationen von Kurt Wiese. Zürich: Büchergilde Gutenberg, [1947], 263p.

Note: The only authorized translation by Julius Lips. Location: University Libraries at University of Cincinnati, Ohio. German abridged edition l.d

Bei den Indianern: Aus dem Indianerleben in Labrador. [By] Julius Ernst Lips. Bilder von Willi Schnabel. Zürich: Schweizerisches Jugendschriftenwerk, [1949], 28p. (Schweizerisches Jugendschriftenwerk, 329.)

Location: Schweizerische Landesbibliothek, Bern.

Mira Lobe

143

Mira Lobe (1913-1995) b. September 17,1913, Görlitz, Germany; d. February 3,1995, Vienna, Austria Exile: 1936 Palestine/Israel; 1950 Austria, GDR, Austria Mira was born as Hilde Mirjam Rosenthal in Görlitz/Lower Silesia to a wealthy Jewish family. She completed her secondary education in 1933. Unable to attend any university in Nazi Germany, she received instruction in bookbinding and machine knitting in preparation for her life in Palestine, to which she emigrated in 1936. In TelAviv she married the actor and theater director Friedrich Lobe. While expecting her first child she wrote her first story for children. Thus began Mira's career as a children's author. In 1950 the Lobe family returned to Europe, living first in Vienna, then briefly in East Berlin, then settling permanently in Vienna. In Vienna Mira resumed writing and publishing stories for children. As early as the late 1950s she was awarded prizes for her books. Since then the city of Vienna and the Republic of Austria have honored her and her books on numerous occasions. In 1964 she was chosen a candidate for the Hans Christian Andersen Prize. Her books have been translated into numerous languages, including Afrikaans, Arabic, Japanese, Korean, Persian, etc. Included among the almost one hundred books are such wellknown titles as Die Omama im Apfelbaum (1965), Das Kleine Ich bin ich (1972), and Das Zauberzimmer (1974), all published by the Jungbrunnen Verlag in Vienna. Mira Lobe died on February 3, 1995, in Vienna. Her literary legacy is in the possession of her family.

Insu-Pu. Die Insel der verlorenen 1.

Kinder

Insu-Pu. Die Insel der verlorenen Kinder. [By] Mira Lobe. Wien: Verlag Waldheim-Eberle, [cl951]. 318p.

Content: A boat with refugee children traveling from the war-torn country of Urbien to the peaceful country of Terranien hits a mine in the high seas. The story describes the adventures of eleven children stranded on an uninhabited island until they are rescued. Note: First appeared in the Hebrew translation in 1947. Location: Internationales Institut für Jugendliteratur und Leseforschung, Wien. Hebrew l.a

I ha-yeladim. [By] Mirah Lobeh. Metsuyar bi-yede ha-mefraberet. Tirgemah mi-ketav-yad Yemimah Tshernovits. Tel-Aviv: hotsa'at Sefarim N. Tverski, [1947]. 314p.

144

Mira Lobe

Note: There are thirty-six pages with pen and ink drawings, some with color overlays, by Mira Lobe. Location: Jewish National and University Library at Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Skene re'im yats'u 2.

la-derekh

Shene re'im yats'u la-derekh. [By] Yemimah Tshernovits, Mirah Lobeh. Tsirah Mirah Lobeh. Tel-Aviv: hotsa'at Sefarim N. Tverski, [1950]. 219p.

Content: Two boys set out in search of adventure. Note: There are fifty-four pen and ink drawings by Mira Lobe. Location: The General Libraries at the University of Texas at Austin.

Robert Lohan (1884-1953) b. April 2,1884, Bielitz, AHM; d. June 16,1953, Oneonta, New York, USA Exile: 1938 UK; 1939 USA Robert Lohan was born on April 2, 1884, in Bielitz, Galicia, now Bielsk, Poland. He studied German language and literature at the University of Vienna, receiving his doctor of philosophy degree in 1906. In 1907 he received a certificate for teaching German, French, Latin, Greek, and history, and began teaching high school students in Vienna and Klagenfurt, Carinthia. From 1915 to 1918 he was an officer in the Austro-Hungarian army. During the 1920s he worked as a stage director, was a drama critic, taught dramatic arts and public speaking, and was a manager of a publishing house. During the 1930s he was a radio commentator, and a recognized authority in correct pronunciation, elocution and public speaking. He was also a teacher and the headmaster of the Grinzing Country Boarding School in the suburbs of Vienna, until the Nazis dismissed him in 1938 as a political dissident. In 1938 Robert Lohan emigrated to the United Kingdom. He taught German at the University of Reading before he emigrated to the United States in 1939. In 1941 he taught German and French at Bethany College in Lindsberg, Kansas. In 1942 he accepted the post of Professor of German at Hartwick College in Oneonta, New York. He also taught speech and drama courses and founded the Department of Dramatics at Hartwick. During the 1930s and 1940s he published numerous pedagogical books and worked on compilation of a German-English dictionary. He was also compiler, adapter, and editor of collections of German fairy tales and of Christmas stories, three of which were published as books (one of them posthumously in 1954 as A New Christmas Treasury with More Stories for Reading Aloud). Robert Lohan died on June 16, 1953, in Oneonta, New York. Some of his archival material is held by the Special Collections Library at Hartwick College (Oneonta).

145

Ilse Losa

Es war einmal 1.

Es war einmal. Sechs schöne deutsche Märchen. Neu erzählt von Robert Lohan. Mit 18 farbigen Originalbildern von Harry Roth. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Company, [cl944], 80p.

Content: Six Brother Grimm's fairy tales adapted for modern readers. Location: New York Public Library, New York.

Christmas 2.

Tales for Reading

Aloud

Christmas Tales for Reading Aloud. Compiled and adapted by Robert Lohan. New York: Stephen Daye Press, [cl946]. 395p.

Content: Abridged and adapted Christmas stories and poems suitable for reading aloud and for oral interpretation. Note: Although not specifically aimed at children, these selections from world literature include many stories for children, with children as the main protagonists. Location: New York State Library, Albany.

Ilse Losa (*1913) b. March 20,1913, Buer, Germany Exile: 1934 Portugal Ilse Lieblich was born in Buer, district Osnabrück, in Germany. She attended secondary schools in Osnabrück and Hildesheim, and graduated from the Buhmann Institute in Hannover. She worked as an au pair in England, where she had her first contact with children's nursery schools. Upon her return to Germany, she worked for a short period of time in Berlin. However feeling threatened as a Jew, she decided to leave for Portugal in 1934. In Portugal she married the Portuguese architect Armenio Losa and became a Portuguese citizen. Ilse Losa worked as a translator, and as an editor for Germanlanguage books at the Livros do Brasil, a publisher in Lisbon. She also ran a nursery school, and taught children's literature at a teachers' college in Porto. In the late 1940s Ilse Losa began to use the Portuguese language in writing literary pieces. One of her first books, published in the 1940s, was a children's book. Today she is a prominent Portuguese writer, having written novels, short stories, chronicles, children's stories, and numerous articles for newspapers and magazines in Portugal and abroad. Her novels, Ο Mundo e que vivi (Porto, 1949), an autobiographical work, and Sob ceus estranbos (Lisboa, 1962), describing her life in exile in Portugal, were translated into many languages. She published over twenty children's books, for which

Ilse Losa

146

she received recognition and awards at home and abroad. Among her best-known books are: Um fidalgo de pernas curias (Porto, 1958); Um artista chamado Duque (Lisboa, 1966); Aflorazul (Porto, 1976); Ο quadro roubado (Porto, 1976); and Silka (Lisboa, 1984). In 1981 she was nominated as the Portuguese candidate for the international Hans Christian Andersen Prize. In 1984 the Gulbenkian Foundation awarded her Grande premio prize for her literary work. In 1991 she received the Bundesverdienstkreuz (Federal Service Cross) from the Federal Republic of Germany. Ilse Losa lives in Porto, Portugal.

Faisca conta a sua historia 1.

Faisca conta a sua historia. [By] Ilse Losa. Desenhos de Augusto Gomes. Porto: Edigäo Maränus, 1949. 29p.

Content: The story is told by Faisca, the dog. It is about the boy Manuel, his mother Julia, and Manuel's dog Faisca. They are poor, living in a village in northern Portugal. To buy Manuel an overcoat, Julia sells Faisca to a rich man and his daughter living in Lisbon. Faisca receives plenty of food and attention, but he longs for Manuel and hopes to see him again. Location: Memorial Library at University of Wisconsin, Madison.

Mary Macmillan (rede Auguste Lazar, 1887-1970) b. September 12,1887, Vienna, AHM; d. April 7,1970, Dresden, GDR Exile: 1939 UK; 1949 GDR Auguste Lazar was born in Vienna to a wealthy Jewish family as the fifth of eight children.74 She studied history of literature and obtained her Ph.D. degree from the University of Vienna in 1916. She taught at the Eugenia Schwarzwald School, married the German mathematician Karl Wieghardt, and moved to Dresden, Germany. After Karl's death in 1924, Auguste studied Marxism, became involved with the proletarian movement, and associated with the leftist intellectuals in Dresden and Berlin. When the Nazis came to power, she assisted the anti-Nazi campaign workers in Dresden. She often traveled to Denmark where her younger sister, Maria, a poet and author, lived. She would stay up to four months at a time, the longest term a foreigner could stay in Denmark.

74

Auguste Lazar, Arabesken. Aufzeichnungen

aus bewegter Zeit (Berlin: Dietz Verlag, 1977).

Mary Macmillan

147

In May 1939 Auguste obtained the necessary papers from a British acquaintance from Brighton, Sussex, to come to the UK and work as a family cook. Thus her exile in England began. Unfortunately, it was as the first bombs fell on London in 1940 that Auguste had to leave the English countryside and move to London. There she often changed jobs to earn a living. In 1949 she returned to Dresden, where she lived and worked as a freelance writer for the rest of her life. She became a popular writer of juvenile literature. Best-known books published after 1950 include: Bootsmann Sybille (Berlin, 1953); Der neue Däumling (Berlin, 1954); Jura in der Leninhütte (Berlin, 1960); Die Schreckensherrschaft und das Glück der Anette Martin (Berlin, 1961); and Die Brücke von Weißensand (Berlin, 1965). Her reputation as a representative author of socialist German juvenile literature brought her recognition and many awards among them the Clara Zetkin-Medaille (1965) and the Nationalpreis (National Prize) for the year 1965. Auguste Lazar died on April 7, 1970, in Dresden. Her literary remains are deposited in the Akademie der Künste (Berlin).

Sally Bleistift in Amerika 1.

Sally Bleistift in Amerika. [By] Mary Macmillan. Mit Originalzeichnungen von Alex Keil. Moskau/Leningrad: Verlagsgenossenschaft Ausländischer Arbeiter in der UdSSR, 1935. 135p.

Content: Sally Bleistift, an elderly Jewish-Russian refugee who fled pogrom-stricken Russia earlier in the century to live in America, decides to return with her granddaughter and her adopted children (an African-American boy and an AmericanIndian boy), to the USSR, to the country with the ideal living conditions for all people, regardless of their race or their occupation. Note: The manuscript, written in the early 1930s, was most likely begun during Auguste's visit with her sister Maria and little niece Lutti in Denmark. The manuscript was finished in Dresden and given to several friends and comrades for reading. One of them gave the manuscript to a Soviet publisher. This Moscow edition is the first printing of the manuscript. Auguste saw the book for the first time in 1936 in a Copenhagen bookstore specializing in Communist literature. Location: Die Deutsche Bibliothek: Deutsches Exilarchiv, Frankfurt/M. l.a

Sally Beistift in Amerika. Eine Geschichte aus dem Jahre 1934. [By] Mary Macmillan. Einband und Illustrationen von Alex Keil. Umschlag von Leopold Pospischek.Wien: Globus-Verlag, [cl947]. 138p. (Buchreihe "Jugend voran.")

Location: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus 1, Berlin.

148

l.b

Mary Macmillan

Sally Bleistift in Amerika. Eine Geschichte aus dem Jahre 1934. [By] Α. Lazar. Illustrationen von R. Pusch. Dresden: Sachsenverlag, [cl947]. 102p.

Location: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus 1, Berlin. Czech l.c

Teta Saly ν Americe. [By] Mary Macmillan. Prelozil Jaroslav Zaorälek. Ilustroval A. Keil. Praha: Odeon, Jan Fromek, 1935. 156p.

Note: A new edition was published in 1950 by Melantrich in Prague with illustrations by Vaclav Sivko, 116 pages. Location: Stätni pedagogickä knihovna Komenskeho (Comenius State Library of Education), Praha. Spanish 1.d

Sally en America. [By] Mary Macmillan. Ilustraciones de Alex Keil. Madrid/Valencia: "EstrelIa"-Editorial para la juventud, 1937. 93p. (Novelas infantiles "Estrella.")

Note: No translator is named. Location: Die Deutsche Bibliothek: Deutsches Exilarchiv, Frankfurt/M. Jan auf der 2.

Zille

Jan auf der Zille. Eine Jugenderzählung aus dem Jahre 1934. [By] Α. Lazar. Illustrationen: Heinz Fülfe. Einband Entwurf: Martin Hönisch. Dresden: Sachsenverlag, [cl950], 204p.

Content: The adventures and life-threatening encounters of a hero, a Czech youth who crosses the German border to distribute antifascist leaflets. Note: Dedicated: "Dem Andenken von Kurt Frölich." The story was most likely written during Auguste's stay in Denmark in 1935. Efforts to publish it failed until the Sachsenverlag in Dresden reluctantly accepted the manuscript for publication in 1950. Location: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus 1, Berlin.

Erika Mann (1905-1969) b. November 9,1905, Munich, Germany; d. August 27,1969, Kilchberg, Switzerland Exile: 1933 Switzerland; 1936 USA; 1952 Switzerland Born as the first child of the writer Thomas Mann (1875-1955), Erika attended high school in Munich and studied acting with Max Reinhardt in Berlin. She married the well-known actor, director, and impressario Gustaf Gründgens, and performed on

Erika Mann

149

theater stages in Berlin, Hamburg, Bremen, and Munich. She traveled around the world with her younger brother, Klaus Mann, and soon after published two travel books. In 1933 she opened the cabaret Die Pfeffermühle in Munich. The cabaret's anti-Nazi programs irritated the authorities, and the cabaret was soon closed. Erika reopened the cabaret in Zurich, Switzerland, and took her cabaret shows with their anti-Nazi programs on the road, traveling through other European countries. Divorced from her first husband, she married the author W. H. Auden (1907-1973) during her brief stay in the United Kingdom and obtained British citizenship. In 1936 Erika came to the United States, where she began a lecture tour through most of the states, campaigning against Hitler and the Nazis. She also became a newspaper and magazine correspondent for many American, Canadian, and British newspapers and magazines. In 1938 she was reporting from Spain on the Civil War, in 1943-1944 she was in the Near East, in 1944 in Western Europe, and in 1945 in Germany from where she also reported on the Nuremberg war crimes trials. Before she left Germany in 1933, Erika published the children's play Jan's Wunderhündchen (Berlin, 1931), and the children's book Stoffel fliegt übers Meer (Stuttgart, 1932). In exile she wrote two more children's books, and several nonfiction works dealing with life in Hitler's Germany, such as School for Barbarians. Education Under the Nazis (New York, 1938) and Escape to Life (Boston, 1939). The latter was co-authored by Klaus Mann. In 1952 Erika settled in Kilchberg, on the Zurich Sea in Switzerland, where she wrote a series of four children's books, Zugvogel-Reihe (München, 1953-1956) and dedicated the rest of her life to overseeing her father's literary legacy. She died on August 27, 1969, in Kilchberg. Her papers and correspondence are deposited in the Monacensia, Stadtbibliothek (München).

Muck, der 1.

Zauberonkel

Muck, der Zauberonkel. [By] Erika Mann. Illustriert von Fritz Wolff. Erste und zweite Auflage. Basel: Philographischer Verlag, [cl934], 112p.

Content: Adventures of two small boys, brothers, inspired by the visit of their uncle, a magician. Location: Die Deutsche Bibliothek: Deutsches Exilarchiv, Frankfurt/M. Hebrew l.a

Muk, ha-dod ha-kosem. Sipur. [By] Erika Mann. Tirgemah Havah Fikhman. Tel-Aviv: Mitspah, 1934. 100p.

Note: A new edition was published in 1950/51 by Yehoshu'a Tsetsik in Tel-Aviv. Location: Jewish National and University Library at Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

150

Erika Mann

Swedish 1.b

Morbror Mick trollar. Α ν Erika Mann. Illustrationer av Sten Rinaldo. Omslag av Folke Karlsson. [Stockholm]: Raben & Sjögren, [1950], 107p.

Location: Internationale Jugendbibliothek, München.

A Gang of Ten 2.

A Gang of Ten. [By] Erika Mann. Illustrated by Richard Erdös. [Designed by Stefan Salter]. New York: L. B. Fischer, [cl942]. 303p.

Content: Ten pupils of various nationalities who attend the New World School in California expose a ring of German spies set out to sabotage the American war effort. They are helped by a woman reporter and the FBI. Note: Dedicated: "To Virginia." The original was written in English and soon after translated into German by Käte Rosenberg. During WWII the unpublished German translation disappeared. The new translation was published in 1990 by the Kinderbuchverlag in Berlin under the title Zehn jagen Mr. Χ. Location: Die Deutsche Bibliothek: Deutsches Exilarchiv, Frankfurt/M. 2.a

A Gang of Ten. By Erika Mann. Illustrated by Richard Erdös. London: Secker and Warburg, 1943. 200p.

Location: Die Deutsche Bibliothek: Deutsches Exilarchiv, Frankfurt/M. Swedish 2.b

Gänget avslöjar. [By] Erika Mann. Översättning är utförd av Börje Söderlund. Illustrerad av Richard Erdös. Stockholm: Bokförlaget Natur och Kultur, 1944. 224p.

Location: Die Deutsche Bibliothek: Deutsches Exilarchiv, Frankfurt/M. Spanish 2.c

Una pandilla de diez. Novela. [By] Erika Mann. Traduccin de Alberto Fonseca. Ilustraciones de Richard Erdös. Buenos Aires: Editorial Futuro, [cl944], 284p.

Location: Die Deutsche Bibliothek: Deutsches Exilarchiv, Frankfurt/M. Finnish 2.d

Sakkipaljastaa. Romaani. [By] Erika Mann. [Englanninkielinen alkuteos: A Gang of Ten. Suomentanut Helena Murros]. Kuvittanut Richard Erdös. Turku: Kustannusosakeyhtio Aura, [1948]. 258p. (Auran poikien kirjasto, 12.)

Leo Meter

151

Location: Harry Elkins Widener Memorial Library at Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Leo Meter (1911-1944) b. 1911, Cologne, Germany; d. July 26,1944, War Front in Poland Exile: 1933 Holland; 1942 Ukraine; 1944 Poland Leopold August Longin Meter was born in Cologne, Germany in 1911, the offspring of a long line of socialists and artists. At the age of twelve he was already receiving lessons in painting and drawing at a workshop at the Cologne Opera House, where his father sometimes performed. He later studied with Heinrich Campendonk at the Art Academy of Düsseldorf. In 1932, at age twenty-one, he took the position of set designer and directorial assistant at the Junge Volksbühne, a leftist-oriented children's theater in Berlin. He also participated in the Socialist Youth Movement. In 1933 Leo, along with everyone else who worked for the Junge Volksbühne, was arrested by the Nazis and sent to a concentration camp. Upon his release, he fled to Amsterdam, Holland, where he met and, in 1936 married, Elisabeth Plaut, a Jew from Frankfurt/M, who had fled Germany to escape persecution. 75 Leo illustrated books, including one children's book, and worked at the children's theater, De vrolikje Brigade (The Cheerful Brigade). In 1940, when the Nazis occupied Amsterdam, Leo and Elisabeth had to divorce under the Nazis' race laws. He worked in the resistance, and in 1942 was arrested again. The Gestapo sent him to the Wehrmacht, the German army. His army unit was sent to the Ukraine, where he penned the Letters to Barbara, for his four-year-old daughter. On July 26, 1944, Leo Meter died in action in Poland.

De kist met de grote S 1.

De kist met de grote S. Een roman voor hinderen. [By] Richard Plaut. Vertaling uit het Duits door N. Chr. Ε. van den Bergh-Marcus. Met tekeningen en omslag van Leo Meter. Rotterdam: W. L. & J. Brusse, 1937. 175p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink drawings. Note: Leo Meter did not illustrate the German original published in the same year in Switzerland. Location: Die Deutsche Bibliothek - Deutsche Bücherei, Leipzig.

"Elisabeth is the sister of the author Richard Plaut/Plant.

152

Leo Meter

Briefe an Barbara 2.

Briefe an Barbara. [Text and illustrations by] Leo Meter. Mit einem Nachwort von Barbara Meter. [Köln]: Gertraud Middelhauve Verlag, [1988]. [60]p.

Content: Eight letters written and illustrated during 1943 on the Ukrainian front, for his daughter Barbara. Illustrations: Pen and ink and colored crayons. Note: The Spanish translation appeared in 1992, English translation in 1995, and Hebrew translation in 1997. Location: Die Deutsche Bibliothek - Deutsche Bücherei, Leipzig.

Clement Moreau (recte Carl Meffert, 1903-1988) b. March 26,1903, Koblenz, Germany; d. December 12,1988, Sirnach, Switzerland Exile: 1932 Switzerland; 1935 Argentina; 1961 Switzerland Carl Meffert was born as an illegitimate child in Koblenz. His childhood and adolescence were spent in orphanages, where he escaped the daily drudgery by drawing. As a young man he wandered around the Rheinland, painting churches and scenery at carnivals. In Cologne and Berlin during the 1920s, he began to submit his drawings and caricatures to newspapers and magazines. He became a protege of influential Socialist and Communist artists such as Käthe Kolwitz, John Heartfield, and Heinrich Vogeler, and belonged to the Association of German Revolutionary Graphic Artists. He also worked as a stage designer, and a book designer, working for leftist publishers. In 1929 Carl Meffert joined an artist community on the Lago Maggiore, Switzerland. In 1932 he met and married Nelly Guggenbiihl, a Swiss child psychologist. After Hitler's rise to power in 1933, Meffert feared for his safety because of his work for the German leftist newspapers and book publishers. He remained in Switzerland and changed his name to Clement Moreau in 1934. In 1935 Clement Moreau left with his family for Buenos Aires where he lived, with occasional interludes, until 1961. In Buenos Aires he worked as an art teacher at the Pestalozzi-Schule, founded in 1934 as an alternative to the Goethe-Schule that was financed by the Nazi government. Through the activities of Clement Moreau and several other German emigre teachers, the Pestalozzi-Schule became a cultural meeting place for antifascists in Argentina. During the 1940s, his political cartoons appeared in several leftist Argentine newspapers and magazines. Clement Moreau specialized in comic strips, typically

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consisting of four cartoons, contextually related, which satirized personalities or events of the 1940s. Such strips were intended for the uneducated indigenous people of Argentina, the Indios, most of whom were illiterate. He was periodically forced to leave Buenos Aires and live in the remote Argentine provinces. Such excursions brought him closer to the Indios, for whose causes he eventually began to work. Sensing the political turmoil about to erupt in Argentina in 1961, Clement Moreau never returned from a trip to Europe. He settled in Switzerland where he designed stage scenery, taught art, and worked as a physical therapist. Moreau died in Sirnach, Switzerland. The production material for his illustrated children's books is held by the Schweizerisches Sozialarchiv (Zurich).

Tim, Tom y Mary 1.

Tim, Tom y Mary. [By] Luis Betta. [Illustrated by] Clement Moreau. Buenos Aires: Comision interaliada de coordinacion, n.d. [17]p.

Illustrations: Pen and ink and watercolors. Note: The illustrations for this story, about a group of European children emigrating to Argentina, also appeared in a series in Buenos Aires newspapers, in a supplement for children, in 1940.76 Location: Schweizerisches Sozialarchiv, Zürich.

Rosita y Zainolindo 2.

Rosita y Zainolindo. [By] Nelly Meffert y O. Vogelmann. [Illustrated by] Clement Moreau. Buenos Aires: Imprenta Lopez, 1947. [12]p.

Illustrations: Linocuts and tempera paints. Note: The story was co-authored by Moreau's wife Nelly and is about children joining forces with adults and animals to avert natural disasters. Appeared as a paintbook. Location: Schweizerisches Sozialarchiv, Zürich.

76 Clement Moreau/Carl Meffert. Grafik für den Mitmenschen. Deutschland-Schweiz-Argentinien (Berlin: Neue Gesellschaft für bildende Kunst und Kunstamt Kreuzberg, 1978), 260.

154

Hans Alexander Mueller

Hans Alexander Mueller (1888-1962) b. March 12,1888, Nordhausen, Germany; d. July 7,1962, Merryall, Connecticut, USA Exile: 1937 USA Hans Alexander Müller was born on March 12,1888, in Nordhausen/Thuringia. 77 In 1891 his family moved to Leipzig where Hans Alexander Müller attended elementary and secondary schools. He graduated in 1911 from the Akademie für graphische Künste und Buchgewerbe (Academy of the Graphic Arts and Arts of the Book). In 1914 he enlisted in the German army; he fought on the western front and was wounded in 1918. In 1920 he began teaching courses in wood engraving at his alma mater. Soon after he became a professor of woodcutting and wood engraving, teaching at the Leipzig Academy during its golden days as an international center for bibliophile book production. It was during the 1920s that he established himself as a master illustrator of world literature in the technique of multicolor wood engraving. The frequent maritime motifs found in his illustrations, tying into his love for the sea and his hobby for sailing, became a consistent feature of his artwork. In 1937 Hans Alexander Müller traveled to New York City to attend an exhibition of his drawings at Columbia University. The exhibition was prepared and organized by his American colleagues and friends, who were aware of Müller's imminent dismissal from the academy because of his wife's Jewish background. The attendance at this event marked the beginning of his self-imposed exile in the United States. He taught graphic arts at Columbia University and worked as a commercial artist and illustrator for large and small publishers to supplement his income. In 1944 he became an American citizen. From 1937, Hans Alexander Mueller created wood engravings for classical works of world literature such as Robert Louis Stevenson's Kidnapped (1938), Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra's Don Quixote de la Mancha (1941), Samuel T. Coleridge's The Rime of the Ancient Mariner and Other Poems (1946), Richard Henry Dana, Jr.'s Two Years Before the Mast (1947), and Marcus Aurelius' Meditations (1956). In 1958 Hans Alexander Mueller retired from Columbia University and settled in Merryall, Connecticut, where he died on July 7, 1962. A small part of his archival material is held by the Rare Book and Manuscript Library, in its Book Arts Illustrator file, at Columbia University (New York).

77 Uli Eichhorn und Ronald Salter, Hans Alexander (Rudolstadt: burgart-presse, 1997).

Mueller.

Das Buchkünstlerische

Werk

Hans Alexander Mueller

155

Kidnapped 1.

Kidnapped. Being Memoirs of The Adventures of David Balfour in the Year 1751: How he was Kidnapped and Cast away; his Sufferings in a Desert Isle; his Journey in the Wild Highlands; his Acquaintance with Alan Breck Stewart and other notorious Highland Jacobites; with all that he Suffered at the hands of his Uncle, Ebenezer Balfour of Shaws, falsely so-called: Written by Himself, and now set forth, by Robert Louis Stevenson. Illustrated with wood engravings by Hans Alexander Mueller, and with an Introduction by Christopher Morley. New York: For the members of The Limited Editions Club by the Pynson Printers, 1938. 236p.

Illustrations: One-color/multicolor wood engravings and a vignette. Note: This copy numbered 540 out of 1500 copies. The edition was designed by Elmer Adler. The Heritage Press published a new edition at a later date, possibly 1951. Location: Houghton Library at Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Two Years Before the Mast 2.

Two Years Before the Mast. A Personal Narrative of Life at Sea. [By] Richard Henry Dana, Jr. With an introduction by William McFee. Illustrated with engravings in color by Hans Alexander Mueller. New York: The Limited Editions Club, 1947. 35 lp.

Illustrations: Multicolor wood engravings and pen and ink vignettes. Note: This copy is numbered 127 out of 1500 copies. The Heritage Press published a new edition, with fewer engravings and with different colors. Location: Frank Mellville Jr. Memorial Library at State University of New York at Stony Brook.

Verdi 3.

Verdi. Force of Destiny. By Dena Humphreys. Illustrated by Hans Alexander Mueller. New York: Henry Holt and Company, [cl948]. 341p.

Illustrations: Engravings and pen and ink vignettes. Location: Frank Mellville Jr. Memorial Library at State University of New York at Stony Brook.

156

Marie Neurath

Marie Neurath (1898-1986) b. May 27,1898, Braunschweig, Germany; d. October 10,1986, London, UK Exile: 1934 Holland; 1940 UK Marie Neurath was born Marie Reidemeister on May 27,1898, in Braunschweig. She studied mathematics and physics at the universities in Braunschweig, Berlin, Munich, and Göttingen, and for a brief time attended an art school. She worked as a teacher, then took a job with the Gesellschafts- und Wirtschaftsmuseum (Social and Economic Museum) in Vienna in 1925. Together with her future husband, Otto Neurath, the founder and director of the museum, she worked on developing the Vienna method of pictorial statistics, and Isotype (International System of Typographic Picture Education). She worked as a transformer at the museum, i.e., she transformed verbal or numerical information into a visual statement. In the early 1930s she was a visiting instructor in transformation in Moscow. Soon after her return to Vienna in 1934, the museum was closed for political reasons, and she emigrated with Otto Neurath and several other co-workers to Holland. In 1933 Otto Neurath had founded the International Foundation for Visual Education and established offices in the Hague, the USA, and the UK. They experienced various degrees of success until 1940 when the German army invaded Holland. Marie fled again, this time to the United Kingdom where both Marie and Otto were detained on the Isle of Man until 1941. After their release, they moved to Oxford and were married. Marie and Otto's Isotype work resumed in 1941. At first they designed animated diagrams for documentary films; later they worked for Adprint, a book production company, designing diagrams for books and magazines. In 1942 the Isotype Institute was founded, a successor to the International Foundation for Visual Education. The Isotype Institute produced film strips and educational visual books for young readers. When Otto died in 1945, Marie continued to run Isotype Institute, working on content in addition to the design of books. The following book series were produced: Visual History of Mankind; Wonders of the Modern World; A New Look at World History; Visual Science; The Wonder World of Nature; A New Look at Science; Parrish Junior Colour Books; and They Lived Like This. Marie Neurath died on October 10, 1986, in London. The archival material from the Isotype Institute is deposited in the Library of the University of Reading (Reading, UK).

Living in Early Times 1.

Living in Early Times. Honorary editor Lancelot Hogben. Prepared by Otto & Marie Neurath [with] J. A. Lauwerys. With 21 charts in eight colours by the

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Isotype Institute. London: Adprint Limited, [cl947]. 48p. (Visual History of Mankind, 1.) Content: How men gradually learned to make use of their environment. Illustrations: Simple pictographic symbols in color. Note: Distributed by Max Parrish & Co, Limited, London. Reprinted in 1948 by Adprint Limited as a Max Parrish Book and distributed by George G. Harrap & Co. LTD, London/Sydney/Wellington. Location: University Library at the University of Reading, UK. Japanese 1.a

Ömukashi no seikatsu. [Prepared by] Noiraato Otto, Noiraato Marii, J. A. Röueriizu. [Editor] HogubenL. [Japanese editors] Uehara Senroku, Murakawa Kentarö, Eguchi Naorö. Tokyo: Nippon hyöron-sha, 1950. 48p. (Etoki jinruishi, 1.)

Note: Japanese translation is identical to the original. No translator is named. Location: International Institute for Children's Literature, Osaka, Japan.

If You Could See Inside 2.

If You Could See Inside. By Marie Neurath. [Designed by Isotype]. London: Adprint Limited, [cl948], 32p. (A Parrish Colour Book for Young Children.)

Content: How does a volcano, a molehill, a pyramid, etc., look inside? Illustrations: Colored pictographic symbols. Note: Distributed by Max Parrish & Co LTD, London. The American edition was published by the Chanticleer Press in New York in 1949 in the series Chanticleer Wonder-Story Books. Location: University Library at the University of Reading, Reading, UK. Japanese 2.a

Monono nakaga mietanara. [Written and designed by] Marii Noiraato. [Translated by] Hayashi Yüjirö. Tökyö: Nippon hyöron-sha, 1950. 32p. (Kagaku no ehon.)

Note: Japanese translation is identical to the original. Location: International Institute for Children's Literature, Osaka, Japan.

I'll Show You How It Happens 3.

I'll Show You How It Happens. By Marie Neurath. [Designed by Isotype]. London: Adprint Limited, [cl948]. 32p. (A Parrish Colour Book for Young Children.)

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Content: The birth of a dragonfly; how the rotating earth makes day and night; how fire is used to make engines go; etc. Illustrations: Colored pictographic symbols. Note: Distributed by Max Parrish & Co LTD, London. Chanticleer Press edition was published in 1949 in the series Chanticleer Wonder-Story Books. Location: University Library at the University of Reading, UK. Japanese 3.a

Sorewa ittai naze deshä [Written and designed by] Marii Noiraato. [Edited by] Shinotö Yoshito [and] Tomonaga Shinichirö. Tokyo: Nippon hyöron-sha, 1950. 32p. (Kagaku no ehon.)

Note: Japanese translation is identical to the original. No translator is named. Location: International Institute for Children's Literature, Osaka, Japan.

Living in Villages and Towns 4.

Living in Villages and Towns. Honorary editor Lancelot Hogben. Prepared by Otto and Marie Neurath [with] J. A. Lauwerys. With 20 charts in six colours by the Isotype Institute. London: Adprint Limited, [cl948]. 62p. (Visual History of Mankind, 2.)

Content: How families formed villages and towns for mutual help and protection. Illustrations: Pictographic symbols in color. Note: Printed as a Max Parrish Book and distributed by George G. Harrap & Co. LTD, London/Sydney/Wellington. Location: University Library at the University of Reading, UK. Japanese 4.a

Mura no seikatsu, toshi no seikatsu. [Prepared by] Noiraato Otto, Noiraato Marii, J. A. Röueriizu. [Editor] Hokuben [sic] Ransurotto. [Japanese editors] Uehara Senroku, Murakawa Kentarö, Eguchi Naorö. Tökyö: Nippon hyöronsha, 1950. 62p. (Etoki jinruishi, 2.)

Note: Japanese translation is identical to the original. No translator is named. Location: International Institute for Children's Literature, Osaka, Japan.

Railways Under London 5.

Railways Under London. By Marie Neurath. [Designed by Isotype]. London: Adprint Limited, [cl948]. 32p. (A Parrish Colour Book for Older Children.)

Content: All about trains that roar beneath the streets of London. Illustrations: Colored pictographic symbols.

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Note: Distributed by Max Parrish & Co LTD, London. Location: University Library at the University of Reading, UK.

Living in the World 6.

Living in the World. Honorary editor Lancelot Hogben. Prepared by Otto and Marie Neurath [with] J. A. Lauwerys. With 20 charts in eight colours by the Isotype Institute. London: Adprint Limited, [cl949], 13p. (Visual History of Mankind, 3.)

Content: The lesson that the advance of civilization comes from the cooperative exploitation of natural resources. Illustrations: Pictographic symbols in color. Note: Printed as a Max Parrish Book and distributed by George G. Harrap & Co. LTD, London/Sydney/Wellington. Location: University Library at the University of Reading, UK. Japanese 6.a

Konnichi no seikatsu. [Prepared by] Noiraato Otto, Noiraato Marii, J.A. Röueriizu. [Editor] Hoguben Ransurotto. [Japanese editors] Uehara Senroku, Murakawa Kentarö, Eguchi Naorö. Tokyo: Nippon hyöron-sha, 1950. 113p. (Etoki jinruishi, 3.)

Note: Japanese translation is identical to the original. No translator is named. Location: International Institute for Children's Literature, Osaka, Japan.

Fire! 7.

Fire! By Marie Neurath. [Designed by Isotype]. London: Max Parrish, [cl950]. 36p. (Wonders of the Modern World.)

Content: A detailed account of how to deal with fire, from a small fire in a home to a large fire in a forest. Illustrations: Colored pictographic symbols. Location: Northwestern University Library, Evanston, Illinois.

The First Great Inventions 8.

The First Great Inventions. Edited by Lancelot Hogben. Prepared by Marie Neurath [and] J. A. Lauwerys. New York: Lothrop, Lee & Shepard (A Chanticleer Edition), n.d. 36p. (Chanticleer Wonder-Story Book.)

Content: Invention of the plow, the spinning wheel, the steam engine, the telegraph, the camera, the electric light, the airplane, the radio, the alphabet, and writing. Illustrations: Colored pictographic symbols.

160

Marie Neurath

Note: Published in 1950. Location: Blackwell Library at Salisbury State University, Salisbury, Maryland.

How the First Men Lived 9.

How the First Men Lived. Edited by Lancelot Hogben. Prepared by Marie Neurath [and] J. A. Lauwerys. New York: Chanticleer Press, n.d. 36p. (Chanticleer Wonder-Story Book.)

Content: Early history of mankind . Illustrations: Colored pictographic symbols. Note: Published in 1950. Location: University Libraries at University at Albany, State University of New York.

Visual Science 10.

Visual Science. First Book. Honorary editor Lancelot Hogben. Prepared by Marie Neurath, Director of the Isotype Institute [and] J. A. Lauwerys, Professor of Comparative Education, University of London. London: Max Parrish, 1950. 48p.

Content: The cycle of life as influenced by oceans and raindrops, men and insects, sun and wind, and the shape of earth. Illustrations: Black, white, and grey drawings, or "Isotype symbols," some with color overlays. Note: The two books of Visual Science were designed as a two-year course for primary schools. They were printed in association with Adprint Limited, London, and Chanticleer Press, New York. Location: General Libraries at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia. lO.a

Visual Science. Second Book. Honorary editor Lancelot Hogben. Prepared by Marie Neurath [and] J. A. Lauwerys. London: Max Parrish, 1950. 48p.

Content: How air and light influence life on the earth. Illustrations: Black, white, and grey drawings, or "Isotype symbols," some with color overlays. Location: General Libraries at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.

Otto Neurath

161

Otto Neurath (1882-1945) b. December 10,1882, Vienna, AHM; d. December 22,1945, Oxford, UK Exile: 1934 Holland; 1940 UK Born and educated in Vienna, Otto Neurath studied mathematics and physics, then history, sociology, and economics, and obtained a Ph.D. degree from Berlin University. In 1907 he began teaching at the Vienna Trade Academy, and subsequently did research for the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace in Eastern Europe and the Balkans. After the end of WWI he worked for a period of time in Germany, where he was politically active during the Bavarian Soviet Revolution until his extradition to Austria. In Vienna he participated in the foundation of the Museum for Housing and Town Planning in 1923. A year later he founded the Gesellschafts- und Wirtschaftsmuseum (Social and Economic Museum). Primarily a sociologist and philosopher-a member of the neopositivist school of philosophy-Otto Neurath embarked on scholarly work in the field of graphic communication at the Social and Economic Museum with his young assistant, Marie Reidemeister. The Vienna method of pictorial statistics was Otto's inspiration, and he acted as the publicist and key thinker in its development. He was also the driving force behind the whole movement that resulted in the International Foundation for Visual Education in 1933, with offices in Holland, the USA, and the UK. Otto Neurath fled Austria in 1934 for political reasons. He emigrated to Holland until it was occupied by the Germans, and then in 1940 he emigrated to the UK. In addition to joint activities with Marie in the field of graphic communication, Otto continued scholarly work in other areas of his diverse expertise, publishing several seminal books such as International Encyclopedia of Unified Science (Chicago, 1938), Modern Man in the Making (New York/London, 1939), Foundations of the Social Sciences (Chicago, 1944).

Living in Early Times 1.

Living in Early Times. Honorary editor Lancelot Hogben. Prepared by Otto & Marie Neurath [with] J. A. Lauwerys. With 21 charts in eight colours by the Isotype Institute. London: Adprint Limited, [cl947]. 48p. (Visual History of Mankind, 1.)

Content: How men gradually learned to make use of their environment. Illustrations: Simple pictographic symbols in color. Note: Distributed by Max Parrish & Co, Limited, London. Reprinted in 1948 by Adprint Limited as a Max Parrish Book and distributed by George G. Harrap & Co. LTD, London/Sydney/Wellington. Location: University Library at the University of Reading, UK.

162

Otto Neurath

Japanese 1.a

Ömukashi no seikatsu. [Prepared by] Noiraato Otto, Noiraato Marii, J. A. Röueriizu. [Editor] HogubenL. [Japanese editors] Uehara Senroku, Murakawa Kentarö, Eguchi Naorö. Tökyö: Nippon hyöron-sha, 1950. 48p. (Etoki jinruishi, 1.)

Note: Japanese translation is identical to the original. No translator is named. Location: International Institute for Children's Literature, Osaka, Japan.

Living in Villages and Towns 2.

Living in Villages and Towns. Honorary editor Lancelot Hogben. Prepared by Otto and Marie Neurath [with] J. A. Lauwerys. With 20 charts in six colours by the Isotype Institute. London: Adprint Limited, [cl948]. 62p. (Visual History of Mankind, 2.)

Content: How families formed villages and towns for mutual help and protection. Illustrations: Pictographic symbols in color. Note: Printed as a Max Parrish Book and distributed by George G. Harrap & Co. LTD, London/Sydney/Wellington. Location: University Library at the University of Reading, UK. Japanese 2.a

Mura no seikatsu, toshi no seikatsu. [Prepared by] Noiraato Otto, Noiraato Marii, J. A. Röueriizu. [Editor] Hokuben [iic] Ransurotto. [Japanese editors] Uehara Senroku, Murakawa Kentarö, Eguchi Naorö. Tökyö: Nippon hyöronsha, 1950. 62p. (Etoki jinruishi, 2.)

Note: Japanese translation is identical to the original. No translator is named. Location: International Institute for Children's Literature, Osaka, Japan.

Living in the World 3.

Living in the World. Honorary editor Lancelot Hogben. Prepared by Otto and Marie Neurath [with] J. A. Lauwerys. With 20 charts in eight colours by the Isotype Institute. London: Adprint Limited, [cl949]. 13p. (Visual History of Mankind, 3.)

Content: The lesson that the advance of civilization comes from the cooperative exploitation of natural resources. Illustrations: Pictographic symbols in color. Note: Printed as a Max Parrish Book and distributed by George G. Harrap & Co. LTD, London/Sydney/Wellington. Location: University Library at the University of Reading, UK.

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Japanese 3.a

Konnichi no seikatsu. [Prepared by] Noiraato Otto, Noiraato Marii, J.A. Röueriizu. [Editor] Hoguben Ransurotto. [Japanese editors] Uehara Senroku, Murakawa Kentarö, Eguchi Naorö. Tokyo: Nippon hyöron-sha, 1950.113p. (Etoki jinruishi, 3.)

Note: Japanese translation is identical to the original. No translator is named. Location: International Institute for Children's Literature, Osaka, Japan.

Maria Osten (recte Maria Greßhöner, 1908-1942) b. March 20,1908, Muckum, Germany; d. August 8,1942, Moscow, USSR Exile: 1932 USSR; 1937 Spain, France; 1939 USSR Maria Emilie Alwine Greßhöner was born on a Westphalian country estate. When she was four, her family moved to another country estate in West Prussia, where Maria spent her childhood. Her formal education was interrupted at the age of fifteen. In the following years she studied drawing with Ludwig Meidner and worked for a living in a sanatorium for lung diseases. From 1925 until 1932 she worked at the Malik Publishers in Berlin. She wrote stories for anthologies and befriended many leftist intellectuals and writers. In 1932 she emigrated to Moscow. In the next ten years, Maria often changed residences. She worked as a freelance journalist, contributing her articles to exile magazines. She reported from Spain on the Spanish Civil War and worked in the editorial office of the journal Das Wort in Paris. From 1939 on she was in Moscow attempting to help her friend, Michael Kolzow. A correspondent for Pravda, Kolzow was arrested for espionage. In 1941 Maria was mistakenly accused of treason and was arrested. After spending time in a Moscow jail, she was executed on August 8, 1942. Maria wrote under the pen name of Maria Osten. In addition to writing numerous newspaper and journal articles, she wrote a children's book, and worked on a manuscript of a novel. Parts of the novel were printed as short stories.

Hubert im Wunderland Russian 1.

Gubert ν strane chudes. Dela i dni nemetskogo pionera. [By] Mariia Osten. Avtorizovannyi perevod s nemetskogo I. Gorkinoi. Predislovie Georgiia Dimitrova. Risunki Bor. Efimova & S. Rastorgueva. [Moskva]: Zhurnal'nogazetnoe ob"edinenie, 1935. 214p.

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Content: The young son of a mineworker from the Saar region of Germany comes to the Soviet Union and compares his life in Nazi Germany to his life in the U S S R . Note: Published in a special issue of the journal for youth, Ogonek. Despite statements that both the German-language and Russian-language editions were published in Moscow as books, 78 no copies of such books could be located and examined. Location: Rossiskaya gosudarstvennaya biblioteka (Russian State Library), Moskva.

Karl Otten (1889-1963) b. July 2 9 , 1 8 8 9 , Oberkrüchten, Germany; d. M a r c h 2 0 , 1 9 6 3 , Muralto, Switzerland Exile: 1933 Spain; 1936 U K ; 1 9 5 8 Switzerland Karl Otten was born on July 2 9 , 1 8 8 9 , in Oberkriichten/Rhineland. As a boy he wrote poems and was interested in discussing politics. He studied sociology and art history at universities in Munich, Bonn, and Strasbourg. He began his writing career as a contributor to several literary journals, some of which he co-founded. In 1917 he was jailed for his strong views against war. He lived in Berlin until 1933 writing novels, a film script, and a play. As soon as the Nazis came to power, Karl emigrated to Spain. When the Spanish Civil War broke out, he fled to Great Britain. After a brief stay in London, he moved to northern England, to a village in the county of Westmoreland. There in 1944 he lost his eyesight. Despite this handicap, he continued to write poetry, prose, and plays, and to edit anthologies o f expressionist prose and plays. In 1956 he received the Albert Schweitzer Book Prize. In 1958 he moved to Locarno in Switzerland. Karl Otten died on March 20, 1963, in Muralto. Some of his literary remains are deposited at the Deutsches Literaturarchiv (Marbach/N).

Der ewige Esel 1.

Der ewige Esel. Eine Jugenderzählung.

[By] Karl Otten. Mit 16

Scherenschnitten von Lotte Koch-Reiniger. Zürich/Freiburg i.B.: Atlantis Verlag, [ c l 9 4 9 ] . 191p. (Atlantis Jugendbücher.) Content: Adventures in the life of the donkey Marianne in WWI, and its passage from France to England.

78

D r . Dirk Krüger in his letter to this author dated August 2 8 , 1 9 9 3 .

Hertha Pauli

165

Note: Karl Otten lost his sight in the winter of 1944/1945. In 1945/1946 he began writing the donkey story, defying his handicap by typing it himself. The story is based on an encounter with a real donkey who fascinated the author because it traveled roughly ten kilometers every Sunday, from his village to a neighboring village, to visit friends. It was written in English under the title Pilgrimage of a Donkey. A friend of the Otten's, an elementary school teacher who was familiar with the manuscript, narrated excerpts from the story to her students. They in turn made pictures, produced as linoleum cuts, to illustrate the story. Karl Otten planned to publish the story with the children's illustrations but could not find a publisher interested in his Englishlanguage manuscript. He rewrote the story in German and offered it to the Swiss publisher Martin Hürlimann. It was Mr. Hürlimann who chose Lotte Koch-Reiniger to illustrate the book with her silhouettes.79 Location: Die Deutsche Bibliothek: Deutsches Exilarchiv, Frankfurt/M.

Hertha Pauli (1909-1973) b. September 4,1909, Vienna, AHM; d. February 9,1973, Bay Shore, USA Exile: 1933 Austria; 1938 France; 1940 USA Born in Vienna, Hertha Ernestine Pauli demonstrated her talent for the performing arts at the age of nine. She dramatized several of H. C. Andersen's fairy tales in the Danish language during her visit to Denmark in 1918. She studied dramatic arts in Vienna and made her stage debut at the age of seventeen as Juliet in Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet in Breslau. She was a stage actress at the Max Reinhardt German Theater in Berlin, where she collaborated on film and radio projects and wrote poems, short stories, and feuilletons for Berlin magazines. When the Nazis came to power she returned to her native Vienna and between 1934 and 1938 she co-founded a literary agency and wrote two biographies. The biography of Bertha von Suttner, an Austrian woman and founder of the movement for peace in the world, published in 1938, attracted the wrath of German censors. On the day of the Anschluss in 1938 she fled Austria for France. When France was occupied in 1940, she traveled on foot from Paris to Marseilles and from there across the Pyrenees to Lisbon, Portugal. In the same year she sailed to the USA with a group of anti-Nazi writers who were helped by the Emergency Rescue Committee. After working briefly as a copyist of manuscripts for the magazine PM in New York City, Pauli left for Hollywood in 1941. There she worked as a chauffeur and secretary to a fellow emigre, Walter Mehring. In 1942 she returned to New York City where she continued to write the biography of Alfred Nobel she had begun in California. Another fellow emigre, the translator Ε. B. Ashton, improved on her English and the

79

Mrs. Ellen Otten in a letter to this author dated February 25, 1997.

166

Hertha Pauli

book was published as Alfred Nobel. Dynamite King, Architect of Peace in 1942. In 1943 her first children's book, Silent Night. The Story of a Song, was published. The book was written in English, as were most of her books to follow. A feminist and pacifist, she wrote biographies of American and European historical figures, and narrated stories of religious events deeply rooted in the Western culture. In 1951 Pauli married her collaborator, the author and translator Ε. B. Ashton. In 1952 she became a naturalized American citizen. She lived on Long Island, wrote nearly thirty books for juveniles and adults, and contributed articles to German- and English-language journals. After 1950, the following children's and young adult books were published in New York: Lincoln's Little Correspondent (1952); Three Is a Family (1955); Bernadette and the Lady (1956); Christmas and the Saints (1956); The First Easter Bunny (1961); The Two Trumpeters of Vienna (1961); The First Christmas Tree (1961); America's First Christmas (1962); Little Town of Bethlehem (1963); The First Christmas Gifts (1965); Gateway to America (1965); Handel and the Messiah (1968); Toward Peace (1969); and Pietro and Brother Frances (1971). She traveled often to Austria. In 1967 she was awarded the Silbernes Ehrenzeichen der Republik Österreich (Silver Medal of Honor of the Austrian Republic). Hertha Pauli died on February 9, 1973, in Bay Shore, Long Island. Her literary remains are deposited at the Österreichische Nationalbibliothek (Wien).

Silent Night 1.

Silent Night. The Story of a Song. By Hertha Pauli. Illustrated by Fritz Kredel. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1943. 81p. (Borzoi Books for Younger Readers.)

Content: A story of the Christmas song "Silent Night" and its composer, Franz Xavier Gruber. Note: The story, entitled "Song from Heaven," appeared in the November 1943 issue of Reader's Digest. First published in German as Ein Lied vom Himmel. Die Geschichte von "Stille Nacht" by Zsolnay in Vienna in 1954. Location: Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Portuguese l.a

Noite feliz. Historia de uma canq&o de Natal. [By] Hertha Pauli.Tradusäo de Maxime Seguin. Ilustrasöes de Fritz Kredel. [Säo Paulo]: Edi^öes Melhoramentos, [1947], 79p.

Location: Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

Hertha Pauli

The Story of the Christmas 2.

167

Tree

The Story of the Christmas Tree. Told by Hertha Pauli. Illustrated by William Wiesner. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1944. 69p.

Content: The evergreen tree became a part of the Christmas celebration in the USA. Note: Entitled "Our First Christmas Tree," it was printed in the December 1944 issue of Reader's Digest. First published in German as Geschichten vom Christbaum by Blüchert in Hamburg in 1957. Location: Milne Library at State University of New York, College at Geneseo. Excerpt 2.a

The Legend of the Blessed Tree. An Excerpt from the Book "The Story of the Christmas Tree" by Hertha Pauli. [Illustrations by Roland V. Shutts and J. Alvin Thomas], Philadelphia: Franklin Printing Company, [1949]. [7]p.

Note: The story "The Legend of the Blessed Tree" was taken from the sixth chapter of The Story of the Christmas Tree. The book was designed and printed for Christmas 1949 by permission of Hertha Pauli and the Houghton Mifflin Company. Location: Florham-Madison Campus Library at Fairleigh Dickinson University, Madison, New Jersey. Portuguese 2.b

A historia da ärvore de natal. [By] Hertha Pauli. Tradugäo de Aida de Carvalho Bergström. Ilustragöes de William Wiesner. [Säo Paulo]: Edi