Forensic DNA Transfer 9780367742065, 9780367746384, 9781003158844

Table of contents :
Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
Acknowledgements
About the Author
Chapter 1 Transfer of Matter
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Principles of Transfer
1.2 Transfer of Visible Trace Material
1.2.1 Early Experimental Data and Application to Crimes
1.2.2 Transfer of Debris
1.3 Transfer of Non-visible Trace Material
1.4 Transfer of Visible and Non-visible Biological Deposits
1.5 Technology Enhancements and Limitations
1.5.1 Increasing Technology
1.5.2 Context
1.6 Changing Forensic Science Landscape
1.6.1 Forensic Science Practice
1.6.2 Forensic Science Literature
References
Chapter 2 DNA
2.0 Introduction
2.1 Meaning of DNA
2.2 Where DNA Is Found
2.3 Association of Biological Matter to a DNA Profile
2.3.1 Body or Somatic Origin
2.3.2 Source Attribution
2.3.3 Association Error
2.3.4 Transfer Association Error
2.4 The Scientific Method
2.5 The Likelihood Ratio
2.5.1 Origin
2.5.2 Formulation
2.5.3 Transposition of the Conditional
2.6 Hierarchy of Propositions
2.6.1 Definitions
2.6.2 Investigative and Evaluative Opinions and Reporting
2.7 Relevance of DNA to Criminal Investigation
2.7.1 Ignoring Context
2.7.2 Undermining DNA Evidence
2.8 Relevance of DNA Transfer to Criminal Investigation
References
Chapter 3 TRACE DNA
3.0 Introduction
3.1 Definition of ‘Trace DNA’ versus ‘Touch DNA’
3.2 Trace DNA Transfer
3.2.1 History
3.2.2 Terminology of DNA Transfer
3.3 Speculative Recovery of Trace DNA
3.3.1 Recognition and Preservation
3.3.2 Relocation of DNA
3.3.3 Collecting Trace DNA Deposits – Sampling and Testing Rationale
3.4 Trace DNA Quantities
3.5 No Relevant Deposit Detected
3.6 Context of Trace DNA
References
Chapter 4 Trace DNA Sources
4.0 Introduction
4.1 Skin Contact
4.1.1 Human Skin
4.1.2 Self-DNA from the Hands
4.1.3 ‘Self-DNA’ from Skin from the Body
4.2 Non-self DNA on Skin from the Body
4.2.1 Non-self DNA on Hands
4.2.2 Non-self DNA from Areas of the Body
4.3 Shedder Status
4.4 ‘Wearer’ or ‘User’ DNA on Clothing or Other Personal Items
4.4.1 ‘Wearer’ DNA on Clothing
4.5 Background DNA
4.5.1 Definitions
4.5.2 Analysis of Background DNA
4.5.3 Homes and Offices
4.5.4 Motor Vehicles
4.5.5 Controls
4.6 Persistence of DNA
4.6.1 Introduction
4.6.2 Persistence and Time of Deposit for DNA from Different Body Sources
4.6.3 Persistence of DNA After Use
4.6.4 Persistence of DNA after Cleaning/Washing
4.7 Priority-based Recovery, Detection and Analysis
4.7.1 Principles
References
Chapter 5 Medical Exhibits
5.0 Introduction
5.1 Sexual Assault Investigation Kits
5.1.0 Introduction
5.1.1 Female Genital Medical Samples: Vaginal and Vulval Swabs
5.1.2 Spermatozoa Presence and Persistence in the Vagina
5.1.3 Post-mortem Medical Samples
5.1.4 Y-STR Profiling
5.1.5 Persistence of Male DNA in the Vaginal Cavity
5.1.6 Background Levels of Male DNA in the Vagina
5.1.7 Vulval Swabs
5.2 Rectal and Oral Cavities
5.3 Male Intimate Swabs – Penile Swabs
5.3.1 Sampling Rationale
5.3.2 Activity-level Propositions
5.4 Fingernails
5.4.1 Collection, Transfer and Persistence
5.4.2 Association Fallacies
5.5 Areas of Skin
5.6 Abandoned Material
References
Chapter 6 Clothing and Implements
6.0 Introduction
6.1 Clothing
6.1.1 ‘Wearer’ and ‘Toucher’ DNA
6.1.2 Location of DNA on Clothing
6.1.3 ‘Touching’ a Garment by a Person of Interest
6.1.4 Clothing on Flooring
6.1.5 Washing of Clothing
6.1.6 Fabric Gloves
6.2 Knives
6.2.1 Direct Transfer of DNA to Knives
6.2.2 Indirect Transfer of DNA to Knives
6.3 Firearms
6.3.1 DNA on Firearms
6.3.2 Levels of DNA Transfer
6.4 Equipment and Implements
6.4.1 Persistence of DNA on Equipment and Implements
6.5 Communal Items and Spaces
6.5.1 Direct and Indirect Transfer of DNA
6.5.2 Public Spaces
6.5.3 Office and Work Spaces
References
Chapter 7 Inadvertent DNA Transfer
7.0 Introduction
7.1 Importance of Quality Procedures, Documentation and Contamination Mitigation
7.2 Personal Protection Equipment
7.3 Crime Scene
7.3.1 Collection of Exhibits
7.3.2 Photographs and Video Recordings
7.4 The Mortuary
7.5 Medical Examination
7.6 Packaging, Handling and Storage
7.6.1 Handling
7.6.2 Packages or Exhibit Bags
7.6.3 Storage Facilities
7.7 Police and Other Laboratories
7.7.1 Police and Other Laboratories Prior to Submission to Forensic Biology Laboratory
7.7.2 Fingerprint Laboratories
7.8 The Forensic Biology Laboratory
7.8.1 Surfaces, Tools and Equipment
7.8.2 Cold Cases
7.8.3 Control Samples
7.9 Staff DNA Elimination Databases
7.9.1 Forensic Laboratories
7.9.2 Police Staff Contamination
References
Appendix A: Principles of Forensic DNA Transfer
Appendix B: Flawed Logic and Forensic DNA Transfer
Glossary of Terminology
Index

Polecaj historie

Principles and Practices of DNA Analysis: A Laboratory Manual for Forensic DNA Typing 9781071602744

815 184 44MB Read more

Forensic DNA Typing: Principles, Applications and Advancements 9811566542, 9789811566547

The book explores the fundamental principles, advances in forensic techniques, and its application on forensic DNA analy

708 57 46MB Read more

Forensic DNA Analysis: Technological Development and Innovative Applications 1771889055, 9781771889056

Forensic DNA Analysis: Technological Development and Innovative Applications provides a fascinating overview of new and

1,949 132 36MB Read more

DNA Technology in Forensic Science [1 ed.] 9780309583695, 9780309045872

Matching DNA samples from crime scenes and suspects is rapidly becoming a key source of evidence for use in our justice

183 8 2MB Read more

Forensic DNA Applications: An Interdisciplinary Perspective [2 ed.] 0367030268, 9780367030261

Forensic DNA Applications: An Interdisciplinary Perspective, Second Edition is fully updated to outline the latest advan

376 58 30MB Read more

Forensic DNA Typing: Principles, Applications and Advancements [1st ed.] 9789811566547, 9789811566554

The book explores the fundamental principles, advances in forensic techniques, and its application on forensic DNA analy

1,033 70 14MB Read more

Forensic DNA Technology [1 ed.] 9781315893020, 9781351072120, 9781351089029, 9781351097475, 9781351080576, 9780367411985

Forensic DNA Technology examines the legal and scientific issues relating to the implementation of DNA print technology

296 64 18MB Read more

Forensic DNA Analyses Made Simple: A Guide for the Curious [1 ed.] 1032022345, 9781032022345

Sequencing genetic material is now common practice. The general population have become consumers of this information but

264 87 13MB Read more

Hair of the Alien: DNA and Other Forensic Evidence of Alien Abductions 1416510249, 9781416510246

SHOCKING. CONTROVERSIAL. UNPRECEDENTED. A CASE LIKE UNLIKE ANY OTHER IN THE ANNALS OF UFO INVESTIGATION, DNA RESEARCH, O

987 125 25MB Read more

Forensic Practitioner's Guide to the Interpretation of Complex DNA Profiles [1 ed.] 0128205628, 9780128205624

Over the past twenty years, there’s been a gradual shift in the way forensic scientists approach the evaluation of DNA p

533 104 43MB Read more