Fascism & Dharma: World War 2 9781536896855, 1536896853

Table of contents :
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA This book is dedicated to the Axis solders of World War 2. Though maligned by the victor’s history - it was due only to the immense courage, bravery and sacrifices of German, Italian and other Axis forces that Soviet troops did not succeed in raising the Red flag over Paris, Amsterdam, Copenhagen, Rome, Stockholm, and, perhaps, London.” FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
Footnote
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA
FASCISM & DHARMA

Citation preview

FASCISM & DHARMA by Columbus Falco SBN-13: 978-1536896855 ISBN-10: 1536896853 August 7th, 2016

FASCISM & DHARMA This book is dedicated to the Axis solders of World War 2. Though maligned by the victor’s history - it was due only to the immense courage, bravery and sacrifices of German, Italian and other Axis forces that Soviet troops did not succeed in raising the Red flag over Paris, Amsterdam, Copenhagen, Rome, Stockholm, and, perhaps, London.” FASCISM & DHARMA What is needed to read this book and understand its purpose —is The Kalama Sutta, or “the process of free and disciplined thinking”. The Kalama Sutta is “The Charter of Free Inquiry”. This Sutta leads to the concept of Dharma. The Kalama Sutta is famous for its encouragement of free inquiry. The spirit of the Sutta (Sutra or Shashtra) signifies a teaching that is exempt from fanaticism, bigotry, dogmatism, and intolerance. The sutta starts off by describing how the Buddha passes through the village of Kesaputta and is greeted by its inhabitants, a clan called the Kalamas. They ask for his advice: they say that many wandering holy men and ascetics pass through, expounding their teachings and criticizing the teachings of others. So whose teachings should they follow? He delivers in response a sermon that serves as an entry point to the Dhamma, the Buddhist teachings for those unconvinced by mere spectacular revelation. The Buddha proceeds to list the criteria by which any sensible person can decide which teachings to accept as true. Do not blindly believe religious teachings, he tells the Kalamas, just because they are claimed to be true, or even through the application of various methods or techniques. Direct knowledge grounded in one's own experience can be called upon. He advises that the words of the wise should be heeded and taken into account. He proposes not a passive acceptance but, rather, constant questioning and personal testing to identify

FASCISM & DHARMA those truths which verifiably reduce one's own stress or misery. Instead, the Buddha says, only when one personally knows that a certain teaching is skillful, blameless, praiseworthy, and conducive to happiness, and that it is praised by the wise, should one then accept it as true and practice it. Thus, the Kalama Sutta is just that; the Buddha's charter of free inquiry. this teaching is not intended as an endorsement for either radical skepticism or as for the creation of unreasonable personal truth. Rather than supporting skepticism or subjective truths, in the sutta the Buddha continues to argue that the three unwholesome roots, greed, hatred and delusion lead to the opposite negative results, i.e. they are unskillful, blameworthy, etc. Consequently, behavior based on these three roots should be abandoned. Moral judgments of actions can therefore be deduced by analyzing whether these actions are based on the unwholesome roots or not. The Kalama Sutta Do not go upon what has been acquired by repeated hearing (anussava), nor upon tradition (paramparā), nor upon rumor (itikirā), nor upon what is in a scripture (piṭakasampadāna) nor upon surmise (takka-hetu), nor upon an axiom (naya-hetu), nor upon specious reasoning (ākāra- parivitakka),

FASCISM & DHARMA nor upon a bias towards a notion that has been pondered over (diṭṭhinijjhān-akkhantiyā), nor upon another's seeming ability (bhabbarūpatāya), nor upon the consideration, the monk is our teacher (samaṇo no garū) Kalamas, when you yourselves know: "These things are good; these things are not blamable; these things are praised by the wise; undertaken and observed, these things lead to benefit and happiness," enter on and abide in them.' The Buddha named ten specific sources whose knowledge should not be immediately viewed as truthful without further investigation to avoid fallacies Oral history Traditional News Sources Scriptures or other official texts Suppositional reasoning Philosophical dogmatism

Common Sense One's own opinions Experts Authorities or one's own teacher Although this discourse is often cited as the Buddha's carte blanche for following one's own sense of right and wrong, it actually says something much more rigorous than that. Traditions are not to be followed simply because they are traditions.

FASCISM & DHARMA Reports (such as historical accounts or news) are not to be followed simply because the source seems reliable. One's own preferences are not to be followed simply because they seem logical or resonate with one's feelings. Instead, any view or belief must be tested by the results it yields when put into practice; and — to guard against the possibility of any bias or limitations in one's understanding of those results. End of Preface “Barbarossa.” was too little, too late. Red army troops succeeded in raising the red banner over the Reichstag building in Berlin. It was due only to the immense sacrifices of German and other Axis forces that Soviet troops did not similarly succeed in raising the Red flag over Paris, Amsterdam, Copenhagen, Rome, Stockholm, and, perhaps, London.

FASCISM & DHARMA

This is from Prelude to Leadership (The Post-War diary of John F. Kennedy). See page 73 to 74.

FASCISM & DHARMA As to his popularity, especially among the youth of Germany, there can be no manner of doubt. The old trust him; the young idolize him. It is not the admiration accorded to a popular Leader. It is the worship of a national hero who has saved his country from utter despondency and degradation.

David Lloyd George: Daily Express, September 17, 1936

“[It is] useful to know the laws of nature – for that enables us to obey them. To act otherwise would be to rise in revolt against heaven.” – Adolf Hitler Hitler showed great concern for animals native to Germany, and passed laws that ensured their safety and well-being. In 1934, Hitler passed a law called Das Reichsjagdgesetz (the Reich Hunting Law), which regulated how many animals could be killed per year, and to establish proper ‘hunting seasons’.

FASCISM & DHARMA This law has now been adopted by most western countries.

A lies that will never die is Adharma Dharma is the Right Conduct Adharma: means immoral, sinful, wrong, wicked, unjust, unbalanced or unnatural. Dharma: Path of Righteousness, and includes duties, ethics, rights, laws, conduct, virtue, honor, and right way of living It is very hard to see Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler as anything but as “murderous racists”. An image painted by books, films, documentaries is so pervasive that all political atrocities are overshadowed by the names “Fascist and Nazi”. The permanent image of Mussolini and Hitler are so stained by this one single image – no alternate will ever be allowed, no matter how small. I recently

FASCISM & DHARMA heard a major radio talk show host, say that from birth “solders of Third Reich Wehrmacht were raised to be fanatical killers...” (as he understood it from the “History Channel”) – let’s see – a German baby boy born in 1933 is 6 years old in 1939, and 12 years old in 1945. That’s one bad baby. No! the youngest men fighting in the Wehrmacht were born and raised in the democratic era of 1920’s, with hyper-inflation, Communist inspired riots and insurgencies, hunger and poverty. They were the reasons they fought so hard! But we are led to believe the “History Channel” must, must be right -. no alternate will ever be allowed. " In order to learn who rules over you simply find out who you are NOT allowed to criticize" (Voltaire) In Germany NO ONE is allowed to evaluate Germany during The third Reich – in Germany we are not allowed to point out the global diversity of the Waffen SS. The fact that German nationalism was in response to the raise of Communism. Those times, as defined today, have been written in stone and pounded into our heads for 70 odd years It is interesting to note, but seldom exploited, that during the Cold war era, that started immediately after World war 2, close to a 100 million died. In Maoist China between the "Great Leap forward" and "the cultural Revolution" an estimated 70 to 80 million Chinese were killed by other Chinese. the annexation of Tibet followed a "scorched earth" policy. the horror of the Khmer Rouge of Cambodia

FASCISM & DHARMA was the result of the Vietnam war, that regime wiped out a quarter of Cambodia's population. These are some of the nightmares of the Cold war era and I am not including the estimated 40 million who died under Stalin before the cold war but under Communism. The Christian Armenian massacre in the early 20th century. estimated # killed 2 million The partition of India and Pakistan. estimated number killed 2 million, 14 million displaced. 1947 The horrors of the Korean, Vietnam, Afghanistan, Yugoslavian wars. Wars, revolutions to social upheavals just in the continent of Africa in the 20th century. estimated number killed? in the millions. These horrendous tragedies are nearly forgotten This reminds me of a personal story that may shed some light to this twisted way of thinking. I went on vacation to San Francisco. When I was there I asked my host if he could take me to China Town so I could buy a nice replica of the Buddha. After a bit of looking around, he took me to a Chinese shop that specializes in such objects.

A Salesmen quickly led me to a large collection of statues. All of them were statues of a laughing rolypoly fat man. The salesmen pointed them out as the “Buddha” statues, which one would I like to buy. Upon seeing them I immediately dismissed his claim - stating that they do not represent the Buddha

FASCISM & DHARMA whatsoever. The innocence salesman looked shocked and so did my host. The salesman insisted they were images of the “Buddha”. I corrected him by stating that the proper image of the Buddha is that of a slender man with broad shoulders and with a serene expression. These fat laughing statures are not even Buddhist. To my mind I see them as rendering of fat village idiot. When I visited Sri Lanka I went to a Buddhist Vihara (temple) in Colombo. In that Temple they had copies of famous statues of the Buddha from across the Buddhist world including the “Kyoto Buddha” of Japan to the 'Sanchi Buddha” to many others. None included this fat man that I saw in Chinatown. A total dist ortion that has so permeated the world’s impression that will never be corrected. That is a form of “cultural contamination” which illustrates the one-sided distorted view we have of Mussolini and Hitler. A view so engraved in history no other concept is tolerated. No matter that these are “Bubai” - which comes from pre Buddhist China and has been named “the Buddha”. The fat version is the Buddha to the unadventurous obedient mind. “The mind that alters, alters all.” William Blake. The Chinese brought the image of “Budai” a Chinese folk deity, that eventually worked itself into Mahayana Buddhism as a “kind” of a future Buddha. He is always shown as a rotund laughing

FASCISM & DHARMA image, thus the name “laughing “Buddha” (not Budai). In the West the image of “Budai is mis taken for The Buddha. Finally, the word “Buddha” in Sanskrit and Pali languages means “the enlightened one”, while “Budai” is a name of a Chinese folk deity that means “Cloth Sack”. China has been the world's largest Buddhist nation till the advent of Communism. But Buddhism predates China by at least 800 years. Buddhism was born around the 5th century BC in India. It reached China around the 2nd century AD. Between that time tens of thousands of Buddhist Statues were carved and painted across the subcontinent. Masterpieces like the “Sanchi Buddha” to the “Gandhara”, the Mathura, and the Gupta schools of Buddhist art, to the art to the Ajanta cave temples show a handsome, tall, slender man with broad shoulders who is the “Buddha”.

In today’s politically d umbed down world the label Fascist is applied to connote violence, ruthlessness, corruptions to any act, by any entity, or government’s institution that they want to vilify. Tactic used in any governments democratic or totalitarian. Social justice warriors often shout, "Fascist! Fascist!" at anyone who doesn't agree with their views. The terrible state of the present day education system, combined with accepted levels of pregender distorts all. The neo-conservatives call those the disliked fascist (i.e. Russian President Vladimir Putin, but not Israel’s Benjamin

FASCISM & DHARMA Netanyahu – yet they are both Nationalist regarding their respective. countries – both have been known to use military force. Indeed, that matter, neoconservatives call anyone who place nationalism over globalism a fascist as well). Progressive and liberals call anyone promoting Nationalism a fascist; or the police using force to protect the public safety and property - or just enforcing the law – a fascist. It gotten so ridicules if you raise your arm too high your labeled a NAZI. There is no single word translation for “Dharma” in western languages. DHARMA in philosophy is justice, social harmony, Duty, Ethics, Honor, and happiness requires that the Ruler and the people, live per dharma. The same hold true of the word “Fascism”. There is no single translation for Fascism. But both the words “Dharma” and “Fascism” have many things in common. Fascism’s doctrine is true to THREE MENTAL CONCEPTS. One - The morality, honor and duty of the individual. Two – The morality, honor and duty of the State. Three- The morality, honor and duty of the individual and the state are interdependent. Perhaps one of the best examples of putting the county before oneself is echoed in these words “And so, my fellow Americans: Ask Not What Your Country Can Do for You, ---Ask What You Can Do for Your Country. " John F. Kennedy's Inaugural Address, January 20, 1960

FASCISM & DHARMA Of all the major “ism” of the past century Benito Mussolini and Italian Fascism is uniquely the newest. Indeed, it gave birth to the NAZI’s National Socialism but without the racial superiority aspect. While fascism does place duty to the nation over the self so does any nation’s call to duty. The concept of Dharma parallels the theoretical Doctrine of Fascism and is opposite to the Judaism’s pray of “Kol Nidre”1,Karl Marx’s Communist Manifesto, the ends justices the means’ and Islam’s Koran in which Islam means

submission and allow for lying in order to serve Allah. In which each allows for the annulment of honoring pledges. Fascism, and Dharma seek the Right path, including the aspects of the codes of Honor, Conduct, Duty and Morality, therefore largely have some compatibility. So to a lesser extent does capitalism – the capitalist can be an honorable man or greeting villain. Either way he chooses he can be granted forgiveness on Sunday and salvation upon his death bed by an invocation by a priest and asking for the Lords forgiveness. I think this is way capitalism has done so well for the benefit of mankind. Fascism is a form of capitalism but requiring a greater goal than just greater profits. 1

"All vows, obligations, oaths, and anathemas, whether called 'ḳonam,' 'ḳonas,' or by any other name, which we may vow, or swear, or pledge, or whereby we may be bound, from this Day of Atonement until the next (whose happy coming we await), we do repent. May they be deemed absolved, forgiven, annulled, and void, and made of no effect; they shall not bind us nor have power over us. The vows shall not be reckoned vows; the obligations shall not be obligatory; nor the oaths be oaths."

FASCISM & DHARMA Dharma signifies the order that makes life and universe possible, and includes duties, rights, ethics, laws, conduct, virtues and ‘‘right way of living’’ Dharma includes the religious and societal duties, moral rights and duties of each individual, as well as behaviors that enable social order, right conduct, and those that are virtuous. Dharma is that which all existing beings must accept and sustain harmony and order in the world, including following the righteous path (Noble Eightfold Path of Buddhism) The dharma-chakra "Wheel of the Dharma", is one of the eight underlying aspects of Indian Religions It is also connected to the Noble Eightfold Path. Which is the way man conducts himself in the righteous path. Sanatana Dharma or “eternal law/eternal truth” is the term used by those who follow the faith we call “Hinduism”. Theory is always nobler than practice The comparisons of Dharma and Fascism, must be contrasted against theory and practice during the years 1920’s to the abolition of Fascism in 1945. There is no way we can see the world as those Europeans who lived it – we’ve only been allowed to see that passed through only one lens. The other side had their patriotic, brave and honorable. The one version would deny them that respect; only those who rule us will tolerate – we’re good, they’re evil – no balance, no deviation is the edict for all

FASCISM & DHARMA time – the lies that will never die - which is easy to do if no other examination is permitted.

Nevertheless, if we’re allowed to subtract the media bias that has filled 100% of our vison of those days - is it possible to separate the aspirations from conduct. All governments, democratic or totalitarian have committed great injustices – never in the name of evil – always for good. Did they, the anointed evil-one have any desire to seek Dharma to their existence, or are we to follow the script that the millions of pro fascist around the world were just murderous fiends out to rid mankind of justice, social harmony, and happiness. I don’t think so. You’ll see in pages to come stories from every corner of the planet men and women siding with histories supposed arch villains who, we are to believe, had cause to hate and inflict chaos and disharmony (the opposite of Dharma). WHY? This book is not going to exempt the loyalty and pledges that so many severing in the ranks of the distained – or annul their cause – Draw your own conclusion. But I will say Dharma is of the eastern world, principally India but includes all of East & Southeast Asia. Hinduism’s 3500-year-old caste system negated the concept of Dharma. But in nations like Japan, times in history, or in societies like the Sikhs Dharma help develop advanced societies. One could say that “Dharma” is the Eastern aspect of Fascism stated by Mussolini.

FASCISM & DHARMA Also nations like Japan, certain times in history, or societies like Sikhism were not based on a Democracy. In Japan Dharma made a society dedicated to order, duty, morality, righteousness, and harmony. For thousands of years the concept of Dharma was studied and many vast empires successfully ruled using the basic Dharmic codes which sustained an honorable governance. In total from Empires, faiths to nations Dharma has proven to be a successful way of life and governance. The same can be said of the Sikh faith whose adherents are some of most successful people in the subcontinent and across the world. The “code of Honor, Morality, and Duty are part of the concept of “Dharma”. Those nations and societies that followed a Dharmic way of life were successful and prosperous with a high level of morality and honor with a strong purpose of duty to oneself and the state. India’s many cultures often reflected this during he r eons long history. The chivalry of the (Hindu) Rajputs, the “documented” history of the island nation of (Buddhist) Sri Lanka, and across the vast region of South East and East Asia. They often failed due to “Ardhamic” ways of living. The same can be said of Fascist Italy. Fascism failed in Italy because it was negated by World War 2. What can be understood is that Fascist Italy is a concept of Dharma and the cultures that followed Dharma were also following form of a Fascist society.

FASCISM & DHARMA A quick summary of Dharma and society in the east should be stated. -Chandragupta Maurya (321- 297 BC) A Hindu Emperor who conquered all the Greek Satrapes left by Alexander the Great and created one of the largest Empires of the world. Under Emperor Maurya a series of major economic and political reforms were passed under a strong central administration. Patterned after Kautilya Chanakya’s “Arthashashtra” his empire was characterized by a highly organized Bureaucratic structure with a large civil service. Emperor Chandragupta Maurya ushered in an age of great social and religious reform in the Subcontinent. The “Arthashasthra” (The Science of Politics) was more “Machiavellian” than Machiavelli’s “the Prince”. The 15 volume Arthashasthra was the basis of Chandragupta’s Empire. His massive army expanded and maintained that Empire. His social, economic and religious reforms conformed to that of the Dharma. His empire is well documented by the ancient world from Asia to ancient Greece. (Please note this an extreme summary of a vast and powerful empire) -The Ashokan Empire (268 to 232 BC) H. G. Wells wrote in his book “The Outline of History” – “Amidst the tens of thousands of names of Monarchs that crowd the columns of history, their majesties, graciousnesses, and serenities and Royal highnesses, and the like, the name Ashoka shines, and shines almost alone, a star”. Among the many aspects that made Emperor Ashoka so “Great” were his edicts stated on tall pillars across his vast Empire. Among them was law and order and a

FASCISM & DHARMA singular compassion to animals. Some of the world’s first veterinarian hospitals came into being under the Ashokan Empire. Emperor Ashoka was the “Constantine” of Buddhism. Through him Buddhism became an Asian faith, eventually spreading as far as Japan. -The Kushan Empire (AD 127-163) was one of the world’s largest Empires. Emperor Kanishka is famous for his military, political, and spiritual achievements. Under King Kanishka the final Buddhist council was held. During this council Buddhism got divided into Mahayana and Hinayana. Images of the Buddha based on 32 physical signs were made during his time. The Empire was maintained by King Kanishka because of his deeds was highly respected, regarded, and honored by all the people he ruled and governed and was regarded “the greatest king who ever lived” because of his kindness, humbleness and sense of equality and self-righteousness among all aspects. The great deeds and character of the king Kanishka made his name immortal and thus he was regarded "The King of Kings”. The Kushan Empire is another example of a massive power center administered with a code of honor and righteousness for ruler and subjects. -Buddhist Sri Lanka is the oldest unbroken Buddhist nation in the world. She has an unbroken written history of 2500 years. Only China, of the ancient world, has achieved such a feat. At the ancient city of Mihintale the world’s first hospital only dedicated to man was built. At the ancient capital of Anuradhapura nine hospitals specializing

FASCISM & DHARMA in various aspects of human diseases existed. It was in Buddhist Sri Lanka that the Buddhist “bible” (the Tipitaka) was put into writing in the 1st century BC under King Vattagamini. This act alone is as significant as Rome putting into writing the Christian Bible. Buddhist Sri Lanka is an excellent example of the practice of Dharma on an economic and social level. Most of Sri Lanka’s ancient monuments were civic based. Sir Henry Ward, Governor of Sri Lanka stated “It is possible, that in no other part of the world are there to be found within the same space, the remains of so many works of irrigation, which are, at the same time, of such great antiquity, and of such vast magnitude as Ceylon (Sri Lanka). Probably no other country can exhibit works so numerous, and at the same time so ancient and extensive, within the same limited area, as this island”. In all four examples the Empires and nations mentioned had vast armies to defend the area under rule and maintain law and order. Dharma and education. The first centers of Higher learning came under Buddhist rule. Centers devoted to strictly learning include the University of Nalanda and the University of Taxila among many. Unlike the Library of Alexandria these universities had their own libraries, lecture halls, dormitories etc. The University of Nalanda had a student body of 30 thousand and a library of 9 million manuscripts and “books”. I give a few examples of Dharma and military power.

FASCISM & DHARMA -Under the Rajput Kingdoms war between them and the Mughal Empire took unprecedented levels. When A Rajput king lost to the Mughal Empire, as in the case of the Fortress of Chittor, “Jauhar” was committed. More than once over 36 thousand women and children committed “Jauhar” or “ritualistic immolation” than fall into the hands of the Mughal army where they would face the “dishonor” of rape and mass murder. The Rajput Kings would then ride into the army to die in battle. Only one prince was “spirited away’ to later regain the lost kingdom from the (Muslim) Mughal Empire. This is “Dharma” in its most militant form. - The Sikh religion started as faith of “nonviolence” but due to the repeated genocidal atrocities committed on them by the (Muslim) Mughal Empire and other Muslim Kingdoms, Sikhism became a “militant faith” by the 16th century. The Sikhs adhered to a code of militant order” and a “code of Honor”. This including dress code and fighting skills. Their reputation as warriors helped transform the Sikhs into a formidable force. The Sikh Empire came into being under Ranjit Singh. Sikhs are known worldwide for their economic skills. The Punjab is one of the wealthiest states in India and the world wide Sikh community are one of the wealthiest and influential communities from the subcontinent. This too is an example of “Dharma” in its militant form.

Other examples include the militant nature of the (Hindu) Gurkhas, Imperial Japan, Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany.

FASCISM & DHARMA It is the codes of Honor and Duty that drove the armies of Japan and Germany to keep fighting even when the odds were against them. That code of honor is fully understood in any military, especially when a nation (or Kingdom or faith) faces overwhelming forces that are bent on its total destruction. We are told that what the Japanese and Germans did at the end of World War 2 was driven by a “fanatic” sense, even “madness” yet we would do the same if faced by a similar fate. The act of suicide committed by so many Japanese including that of Hitler in his bunker is not so different than the act of “Jauhar” committed by tens of thousands of Hindu women when faced with a fate worse than suicide. Out of the hundreds of texts, treaties, epics and commentaries that explain the concept of Dharma I include some of the main documents to clarify this concept and how it relates to Fascism. Among them are: Kalama Sutta (Discourse on free thinking) {ka-lama sut-ta} Dharmashashtra(the treaties on Dharma) {Da-r-masha-shtra} Dharmachakra (wheel of Dharma) {Da-r-ma-chukra} Dhammapada (the path of the Dharma) {Dum-mapa-de} Arthashashtra (Science of Political economy) {Artha-sha-shtra}

FASCISM & DHARMA Bhagavad Gita (The Song of God) {bug-are-vud gee-ta} Sanatana Dharma (eternal law/eternal truth) {Sa-natar-ne} The 3 jewels, the four noble truths, and the Eightfold path of Buddhism. In addition, I have made references to other major documents such as the Tipitaka (the Buddhist holy book), the Mahabharata, the Ramayana and the Guru Granth Sahib (the Sikh holy book) The similarities between Judaism, Islam, and Communism is that all three ideologies demand complete submission. The faiths demand that towards a God, while the ideology of Communism demand that towards the State. Italian and later German fascism ruled for, give or take two decades and achieved respect, sustain harmony out of chaos and order in their world. Until it was harassed and destroyed. History is the story of good regimes and bad regimes. There have been good autocrats and bad democracies – bad despots and good republics, such is the way of the story of mankind. I prefer a good government above all; one which respects my basic human rights. Sometimes it is easier to depose of a bad despot than a bad duly elected President.

Which is preferable - Freedom in a stable orderly, morality honorable society. Or an unruly, morality corrupt freedom obsessed society. –

FASCISM & DHARMA Singapore is a secular, unitary, multiparty parliamentary Republic. She is the world's only city nation state. At 278 square miles Singapore is one of the smallest nations in the world by area. Her population is around 5.5 million. Yet Singapore has some of the world's most strict laws which are fully enforced. Singapore is one of the cleanest nations on the planet mainly due to those laws. Punishment for public littering, urinating, defecating to acts of public graffiti is extremely severe. The punishment ranges from high fees, imprisonment to public caning. It is interesting to note that people who come from societies with a high level of pollution, litter, acts of public urination and defecation do not do any of this when they are in Singapore. They behave according to the laws of that nation. But the moment they return to their homeland they litter, publicly urinate or defecate (as in India) to doing acts of public graffiti (as in the US) If Democracy is the only way to make a nation strong, then how do you explain virtually all major civilizations prior to The French Revolution? In these vulgar and debased times, it cannot be denying that democracies can’t be Absolut and demand that its citizens have to killed and died, by the mandate of the democratic state, for democracy? How about the World Wars, the Cold War, the Vietnam War, Iraq Wars? The Afghan War. People in democratic regime can be duped into killing and dying for their leader’s best interests - to spread "democracy" and crony capitalism. Democracies

FASCISM & DHARMA can have many hidden kings with desirers not for the people’s best interest. Americans today, have no moral understanding of a constitutional democratic republic – therefore we’re on a path to lose it, and it appears on the path to collectivism. In the Fascist state no failed corporation, or bank would be bailed out by the public funds -the executives would most likely be arrested, imprisoned and worse. In a Fascist state there would be no open borders and un-controlled illegal immigration. Try tell a democracy that it has not right to tell you to pay taxes, a military draft, to not buy health insurance, to ignore the EPA or refute the hundreds of thousands of Federal, State and local regulation, building codes, refuse emanate domain grabs for public or private use and capitalization, labor laws, housing laws, drive a cab without a cabbies permit, give a haircut without a college degree to do so -- on

and on and on – all forms of what any halfwit college professor of the lies that will never die would otherwise call fascism. Let not the reader surmise that I want to bring Fascism to today. That would be impossible and highly dangerous for multitudes of reasons. First of all, this society is too debased, vulgar, loud, ignorant, hedonist, self-destructive, drugged out, perverted, sexually obsessive and or feminized, equality craved, self-obsessed and just down right stupid. What was once a gentle culture has become a genital culture.

FASCISM & DHARMA The people of the 1930’s had class – we of the 21st century are classless slobs. To give a well-run government to this bunch of morons and degenerates would be like giving a hand grenade to a toddler. “The enemy of freedom is equality.” Alexis de Tocqueville

Chapter 1 THE ITALIAN REVOLUTION FASCISM & DHARMA Fascism is a doctrine NOT a tactic! You can’t be a Fascist and an International Marxist or globalist at the sometime. ” Socialism is a fraud, a comedy, a phantom, a blackmail.” Mussolini “ If I had been an Italian I am sure that I should have been whole-heartedly with you from the start to the finish in your triumphant struggle against the bestial appetites and passions of Leninism. I will, however, say a word on an international aspect of fascism. Externally, your movement has rendered service to the whole world.

FASCISM & DHARMA ...Italy has shown that there is a way of fighting the subversive forces which can rally the masses of the people, properly led, to value and wish to defend the honor and stability of civilized society. ...Hereafter no great nation will be un-provided with an ultimate means of protection against the cancerous growth of Bolshevism.'-Winston Churchill speaking in Rome on January 20, 1927. Twelve years later Winston Churchill would align his country and people with the 'bestial appetites and passions of Leninism'.

FASCISM & DHARMA Fascism – Dharma THE FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS - The 1st t Noble Truth: Life is suffering. -The 2nd Noble Truth: There is a cause for suffering. The cause of suffering is desire, cravings and illusions based on ignorance. -The 3rd Noble Truth: By stopping these cravings the suffering is stopped. -The 4th Noble Truth: To end suffering we must end our cravings. The way to end cravings is the eight-fold path. THE EIGHT FOLD PATH Right viewpoint- Realizing the Four Noble Truths. Right values- Commitment to mental and ethical growth in moderation. Right Speech- One speaks in a nonhurtful, not exaggerated, truthful way. Right Actions- Wholesome action, avoiding action that would do harm Right Livelihood- One's job does not harm in any way oneself or others; directly or indirectly (drug dealer, criminal)

Right Effort- One makes an effort to improve. Right Mindfulness- Mental ability to see things for what they are with clear consciousness. Right Concentration- State of being where one reaches enlightenment and the ego has disappeared.

FASCISM & DHARMA “Fascism is action and it is thought; action in which doctrine is immanent, and doctrine arising from a given system of historical forces in which it is inserted, and working on them from within. It has therefore a form correlated to contingencies of time and space; but it has also an ideal content which

makes it an expression of truth in the higher region of the history of thought...” The above follows the eightfold path of the Dharmachakra (wheel of law) which is not limited by time and space and makes it an expression of truth in the “higher region of history of thought”. Includes the “Dharmasashtra (treaty on Dharma) & the “Dhammapada (path of Dharma). “There is no way of exercising a spiritual influence in the world as a human will dominating the will of others, unless one has a conception both of the transient and the specific reality on which that action is to be exercised, and of the permanent and universal reality in which the transient dwells and has its being. “To have a conception of the transient and the specific reality on which that action is to be exercised, including the universal reality in which the transient dwells” is the pure philosophy of Dharma and the Dharmachakra. Includes the “Dharmasashtra” (treaty on Dharma) and “the Bhagavad Gita” (Song of God)

FASCISM & DHARMA meaning a person has to understand the cause and effect of one’s actions to that the world has set laws in which one' actions take place. To know men, one must know man; and to know man one must be acquainted with reality and its laws. There can be no conception of the State which is not fundamentally a conception of life: philosophy or intuition, system of ideas evolving within the framework of logic or concentrated in a vision or a faith, but always, at least potentially, an organic conception of the world.” “ To know men one must know man; and to know man one must be acquainted with reality and its laws....” is the philosophy of Dharma that includes “Right Concentration- State of being where one reaches enlightenment and the ego has disappeared” such as doing away with Hedonism, Cravings and Selfishness. “an organic conception of the world.” This expresses yet another version of Dharma as in Sanatana Dharma or “eternal order” or “eternal law”. See the four Noble Truths that center on the Dharmachakra (Wheel of the Dharma) including with “life is suffering” (Four Noble Truths), “The Dharmasashtra” (treaty on Dharma”), “The Dhammapada” (Path of Dharma) & the Bhagavad Gita. SPIRITUAL VIEW OF LIFE “Thus many of the practical expressions of Fascism such as party organization, system of education, and discipline can only be understood when considered in relation to its general attitude toward life. A

FASCISM & DHARMA spiritual attitude. Fascism sees in the world not only those superficial, material aspects in which man appears as an individual, standing by himself, selfcentered, subject to natural law, which instinctively urges him toward a life of selfish momentary pleasure...”

See the four Noble Truths that center on the eternal Dharma (Sanatana Dharma) including with “life is suffering” (Four Noble Truths), Includes “The Dharmasashtra” (treaty on Dharma”), “The Dhammapada” (Path of Dharma) & the Bhagavad Gita. “ it sees not only the individual but the nation and the country; individuals and generations bound together by a moral law, with common traditions and a mission which suppressing the instinct for life closed in a brief circle of pleasure, builds up a higher life, founded on duty, a life free from the limitations of time and space, in which the individual, by self-sacrifice, the renunciation of self-interest, by death itself, can achieve that purely spiritual existence in which his value as a man consists.” The Dharma of the self, the family, to the society is stated clearly above where the code of honor and duty are central to the Dharmic way of living. Selfsacrifice and the renunciation of self -interest are the core to the teachings of Dharma. The code of honor and duty extends to death itself as seen in the duty of the Soldier. Again free from the limitations of time and space. “The Dharmasashtra” (treaty on Dharma”), “The Dhammapada” (Path of Dharma),

FASCISM & DHARMA “The Arthashashtra” (Science of Political Economy), Bhagavad Gita (Song of God) Loyalty, honor and fulfilling an oath and pledge “Fascism wants man to be active and to engage in action with all his energies; it wants him to be manfully aware of the difficulties besetting him and ready to face them. It conceives of life as a struggle in which it behooves a man to win for himself a really worthy place, first of all by fitting himself (physically, morally, intellectually) to become the implement required for winning it. As for the individual, so for the nation, and so for mankind. Hence the high value of culture in all its forms (artistic, religious, scientific) and the outstanding importance of education. Hence also the essential value of work, by which man subjugates nature and creates the human world (economic, political, ethical, and intellectual).” The above fits perfectly into the Eightfold path. The Buddhist version of Dharma subjugates nature and creates the human world. To quote King Parakrama bahu of (Buddhist) Sri Lanka “Let not even a drop of rain water go to the sea without benefiting man” which led to some of the world's first and most massive dams and irrigation projects on an island nation blessed with over a 100 rivers. This also included the first hospitals dedicated only to serve man and animal (in India) to the some of the world's first Universities. Civic duty is central to Dharma. “The Dharmasashtra” (treaty on Dharma”), “The Arthashashtra” (Science of

FASCISM & DHARMA Political Economy) “The Dhammapada”, (Path of Dharma), Bhagavad Gita (Song of God) Fascism and Dharma place emphasis on the civic duties towards society and for the benefit of man while managing nature. “This positive conception of life is obviously an ethical one. It invests the whole field of reality as well as the human activities which master it. No action is exempt from moral judgment; no activity can be despoiled of the value which a moral purpose confers on all things. Therefore, life as conceived of by the Fascist, is serious, austere, and religious; all its manifestations are poised in a world sustained by moral forces and subject to spiritual responsibilities. The Fascist disdains an “easy" life The Edicts of Emperor Ashoka that set the moral code of a vast Empire are central to the Dharma. “The Dharmasutra” (treaty on Dharma”), “The Dhammapada” (Path of Dharma), & the Eightfold path It is the duty of the citizen to honor a code of morality for himself and the state. The Fascist conception of life is a religious one, in which man is viewed in his immanent relation to a higher law, endowed with an objective will transcending the individual and raising him to conscious membership of a spiritual society. "Those who perceive nothing beyond opportunistic considerations in the religious policy of the Fascist regime fail to realize that Fascism is not only a system of government but also and above all a system of thought.”

FASCISM & DHARMA The “higher law” is Dharma. The eternal law is Dharma (as in “Sanatana Dharma” or “eternal law”) and the negation of “opportunistic considerations” are part of the Dharmachakra (wheel of the Dharma). “The Dharmasashtra” (treaty on Dharma”), “The Dhammapada” (Path of Dharma), Bhagavad Gita (Song of God) Honor your faith and the moral code of your society. “THE IMPORTANCE OF TRADITION” “ In the Fascist conception of history, man is man only by virtue of the spiritual process to which he contributes as a member of the family, the social group, the nation, and in function of history to which all nations bring their contribution. Hence the great value of tradition in records, in language, in customs, in the rules of social life” Only two nations of the ancient world have an unbroken written history of themselves. Buddhist China and Buddhist Sri Lanka. The importance placed on a written history documents the actions of the ruler and if these actions follow that of the Dharmic code. It became essential that the ruler's actions are

documented and that the code of the ruler towards his subjects and the kingdom follow the code of the Dharma. The actions of each member, family unit and town are extensively covered in treaties of the Dharmasashtra (treaty on Dharma). “The Arthasashtra” (The Science of Political economy), “The Dhammapada” (Path of Dharma), Bhagavad Gita (Song of God)

FASCISM & DHARMA A written history is important to remember past mistakes and reveal the truth. “Those who forget the past are doomed to repeat it” “FASCIST STATE AS A SPIRITUAL FORCE The Fascist State, as a higher and more powerful expression of personality, is a force, but a spiritual one. It sums up all the manifestations of the moral and intellectual life of man. Its functions cannot therefore be limited to those of enforcing order and keeping the peace, as the liberal doctrine had it. It is no mere mechanical device for defining the sphere within which the individual may duly exercise his supposed rights. The Fascist State, as a higher and more powerful expression of personality, is a force, but a spiritual one. It sums up all the manifestations of the moral and intellectual life of man is the Dhamachakra (Wheel of law). “Sanatana Dharma”- It is the eternal law of morality, duty, honor and righteousness. “The Dharmasashtra” (treaty on Dharma”), “The Dhammapada (Path of Dharma), “The Arthashashtra (Science of Political Economy). Bhagavad Gita (Song of God) It is not simply enforcing laws and keeping peace. It is not just Dictatorship where a person is dictated. It is a higher spiritual level of honor and duty. The Fascist State is an inwardly accepted standard and rule of conduct, a discipline of the whole person; it permeates the will no less than the intellect. It stands for a principle which becomes the central motive of man as a member of civilized society, sinking deep down into his personality; it

FASCISM & DHARMA dwells in the heart of the man of action and of the thinker, of the artist and of the man of science: soul of the soul.” “The Fascist State is an inwardly accepted standard and rule of conduct, a discipline of the whole person”. That is what Siddhartha achieved by meditation and looking inward into himself. He realized “Nirvana” or a sense of being fully aware or the “enlightened one” the Buddha. “The Dharmasashtra”

(treaty on Dharma”), “The Arthashashtra” (Science of Political Economy), “the Dhammapada” (Path of Dharma), The Bhagavad Gita (Song of God) “Fascism, in short, is not only a law -giver and a founder of institutions, but an educator and a promoter of spiritual life. It aims at refashioning not only the forms of life but their content - man, his character, and his faith. To achieve this propose it enforces discipline and uses authority, entering into the soul and ruling with undisputed sway. Therefore, it has chosen as its emblem the Lictor’s rods, the symbol of unity, strength, and justice.” The emblem of the “Lictor's rods of Fascism is the same as the Dharmachakra or the emblem of the “wheel of law” of Buddhism. The honor of the individual is the honor of the nation. It is what right you can do for yourself, what right you can do for the nation, what right the nation is obliged to herself, and what right the nation can do for you. “The Dharmasashtra” (treaty on Dharma”), “The Dhammapada” (Path of Dharma),

FASCISM & DHARMA “The Arthashashtra” (Science of Political Economy), Bhagavad Gita (Song of God) ****** There are a lot of ancient literature that covers the concept of “Dharma”. There is no specific English word for “Dharma” and the concept of Dharma spans civic duties to religion. Due to the centuries of development of this concept in regions larger and more populated than Europe or the Western world, I have limited the literature that covers the concept of Dharma to the major works. They include: THE KAMALA SUTTA (Discourse of Free thinking) The Kalama Sutta is “The Charter of Free Inquiry”. This Sutta leads to the concept of Dharma. The Kalama Sutta is famous for its encouragement of free inquiry. The spirit of the Sutta (Sutra or Shashtra) signifies a teaching that is exempt from fanaticism, bigotry, dogmatism, and intolerance…in order to understand Dharma. Simply put the Kalama Sutta teaches one the “discipline of thinking” in order to understand the “discipline of Action” -The DHARMASASHTRA (Treaties on Dharma) are texts dealing with custom, rituals, duties and law. They include the four surviving written works of the ancient Indian tradition on the subject of dharma, or the rules of behavior recognized by a community. Unlike the later dharmaśāshtras, the dharmasūtras are composed in prose. The oldest dharmasūtra is generally believed to have been that

FASCISM & DHARMA of Apastamba, followed by the dharmasūtras of Gautama, Baudhayana, and an early version of Vashistha. It is difficult to determine exact dates for these texts, but the dates between 500–300 BCE have been suggested for the oldest dharmasūtras. There are many Dharmashastras, variously estimated to be 18 to about 100, with different and conflicting points of view The Dharmasutras can be called the guidebooks of dharma as they contain guidelines for individual and social behavior, ethical norms, as well as personal, civil and criminal law. They discuss the duties and rights of people at different stages of life like studenthood, householdership, retirement and renunciation. These stages are also called ashramas. They also discuss the rights and duties of kings, judicial matters, and personal law such as matters relating to marriage and inheritance. About 20 Dharmasutras are known, some surviving into the modern era just as fragments of their original. Four Dharmasūtras have been translated into English, and most remain in manuscripts. All carry the names of their authors, but it is still difficult to determine who these real authors were. The extant Dharmasūtra texts are listed below: Apasthamba Dharmasutra (450-350 BC)- this Dharmasūtra forms a part of the larger Kalpasūtra of Apastamba. It contains 1,364 sutras Gautama Dharmasutra (600 –200 BCE) although this Dharmasūtra comes down as an independent treatise it may have once formed a part of the

FASCISM & DHARMA Kalpasūtra, linked to the Samaveda. It is likely the oldest extant Dharma text. It contains 973 sutras Boudayana Dharmasutra (500 –200 BCE) this Dharmasūtra like that of Apastamba also forms a part of the larger Kalpasūtra. It contains 1,236 sutras. Vasistha Dharmasutra (300 –100 BCE) this Dharmasūtra forms an independent treatise and other parts of the Kalpasūtra, that is Shrauta- and Grihya-sutras are missing. It contains 1,038 sutras. - DHAMMAPADA (The path of the Dharma) The Dhammapada's verses were spoken by the Buddha on various occasions. the Dhammapada makes the Buddhist way of life available to anyone. Verses from this text from the Sri Lankan version of the Tipitaka, which the Dhamapada is part, includes: “All that we are is the result of what we have thought: it is founded on our thoughts; it is made up of our thoughts. If a man speaks or acts with an evil

thought, pain follows him, as the wheel follows the foot of the ox that draws the carriage. If a man speaks or acts with a pure thought, happiness follows him, like a shadow that never leaves him.” “He who seeks his own happiness by hurting or killing beings, never finds happiness and will not escape from his sufferings. He who seeks his own happiness not by hurting or killing beings but by purifying oneself; will find happiness and ends all sufferings”

FASCISM & DHARMA “Let each man direct himself first to what is proper, then let him teach others; thus a wise man will not suffer. Bad deeds, and deeds hurtful to ourselves, are easy to do; what is beneficial and good, that is very difficult to do.” “Let no one forget his own duty for the sake of another's, however great; let a man, after he has discerned his own duty, be always attentive to his duty. Not to commit any sin, to do good, and governance of one's mind, that is the teaching of (all) the Awakened.” The Dhamapada is part of the (Buddhist) Tipitaka which is 20 thousand pages long. (The Christian Bible is 1,281 pages. 993 pages in the old testament and 288 pages in the new testament). Considered as the “bible of Buddhism” it is the longest holy book of any faith. The Concept of Dharma is seen throughout the Tipitaka. Out of the Dhamasashtra I singled out “Gautama Dharmasutra”. -The ARTHASHASHTRA: Written by Kautilya Chanakya (350-325 BC) Prime Minister to Emperor Chandragupta Maurya and is more “Machiavelian than Machiavelli’s “The Prince”. It contains detailed information on a variety of topics that are relevant to rulers who want to run an efficient government. Main subjects are Diplomacy and war but covers a range of topics from laws, administration, conduct, taxation, fortifications, etc. In whole it is 15 volumes. An excerpt from it:

FASCISM & DHARMA “The happiness of the subjects is the happiness of the king: their welfare is his. His own pleasure is not his good but the pleasure of his subjects is his good” -BHAGAVAD GITA (Song of God)

The Gita is a dialogue the between Pandava prince Arjuna and his guide and charioteer Lord Krishna. Facing the duty as a warrior to fight the Dharma Yudha or “righteous war” between Pandavas and Kauravas, Arjuna is counseled by Lord Krishna to "fulfill his “warrior” duty as a warrior and establish Dharma. The verses of the Bhagavad Gita can be understood at different levels of depth; the normal meaning and the deeper meaning which range from the advice given regarding day-to-day life to the deepest understandings of the nature of existence and God. The Bhagavad Gita is a section of the Hindu Epic Mahabharata and is considered the “bible of the Hindus”. The term dharma has a number of meanings. Fundamentally, it means "what is right". The Bhagavad Gita is set in the narrative frame of the Mahabharata, which values heroism, "energy, dedication and self-sacrifice", as the dharma, "holy duty" of the warrior. Axel Michaels in his book “Hinduism: Past and Present” writes that in the Bhagavad Gita, Arjuna is "exhorted by his charioteer, Kṛiṣhṇa, among others, to stop hesitating and fulfill his warrior duty as a warrior and kill. According to Malinar, the dispute between the two parties in the Mahabharata centers on the question

FASCISM & DHARMA how to define "the law of heroism" The fifth book of the Mahabharata: “ This duty consists first of all in standing one's ground and fighting for status. The main duty of a warrior is never to submit to anybody. A warrior must resist any impulse to self-preservation that would make him avoid a fight. In brief, he ought to be a man (puruso bhava; cf. 5.157.6; 13;15). Some of the most vigorous formulations of what called the "heart" or the "essence" of heroism (ksatrahrdaya) come from the ladies of the family. They bare shown most unforgiving with regard to the humiliations they have gone through, the loss of their status and honor, not to speak of the shame of having a weak man in the house, whether husband, son or brother”. The Field of Dharma The first reference to dharma in the Bhagavad Gita occurs in its first verse, where Dhritarashtra refers to the Kurukshetra, the location of the battlefield, as the Field of Dharma, "The Field of Righteousness or Truth". According to Fowler, Dharma in this verse may refer to the sanatana dharma, "what Hindus understand as their religion, for it is a term that encompasses wide aspects of religious and traditional thought and is more readily used for ""religion". Therefore, 'Field of action' implies the field of righteousness, where truth will eventually triumph. Vivekananda further remarked: “This Kurukshetra War is only an allegory. When we sum up its esoteric significance, it means the

FASCISM & DHARMA war which is constantly going on within man between the tendencies of good and evil.” Karma yoga, or the "Yoga of action" is a form of yoga based on the teachings of the Bhagavad Gita, a sacred Sanskrit scripture of Hinduism. Of the three paths to realization, karma yoga is the process of achieving perfection in selfless action. Karma yoga is described as a way of acting, thinking and willing by which one orients oneself towards realization by acting in accordance with one's duty (dharma) without consideration of personal selfcentered desires, likes or dislikes. One acts without being attached to the results of one's deeds In the Bhagavad Gita, Krishna says: “Therefore, without being attached to the results of activities, one should act as a matter of duty, for by working without attachment one attains the Supreme.” “And even considering your personal dharma as well, it is not right for you to hesitate. There is nothing better for a warrior than a fight based on dharma.” (Bg. 2.31) Lord Krishna concludes this brief reference to dharma as one’s personal duty by saying: “Now if you do not execute this battle, then having given up your personal dharma and reputation, you shall incur sin.” (Bg. 2.33) Thus the complete picture begins to emerge. An effective government must not only create laws but

FASCISM & DHARMA enforce them as well. Similarly, the Supreme Lord brings forth His law as dharma. When obedience to His law collapses and human beings propagate instead their own illicit “law,” the Lord descends to protect the good citizens of His kingdom, vanquish the outlaws who practice Adharma, and reestablish in human society the prestige and power of His will. (Dharma in the Bhagavad-gita) -SIKHISM AND DHARMA For Sikhs, the word "Dharma" means the "path of righteousness". Dharma refers to Religion, righteousness, duty, virtue, merit, honesty, sect, justice, characteristics, faith. It also means right; justice; religious merit; that which is established; statute; ordinance; law; practice; customary observance or prescribed conduct; duty. The principal Sikh belief lays stress on one's actions and deeds rather than people's religious labels, rituals or outward appearance or signs. Important aspects of a Sikh's life include Sewa (dedication to the service of God's creation) where the emphasis is often upon manual work, undertaking of goodwill towards other faiths and their followers, to defend for justice and assistance of the oppressed. In contrast to many other faiths, Sikhs believe that when all other means to achieve justice are exhausted, then it is just to wield the sword.

THE THREE JEWELS Of Buddhism -Honor the Buddha -Honor the Sangha (Buddhist Order)

FASCISM & DHARMA -Honor the Dharma The “Three Jewels” are the very first aspects of Buddhism. Out of them I bring attention to the one that states “honor the Dharma” THE FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS -The First Noble Truth: Life is suffering. -The Second Noble Truth: there is a cause for suffering. The cause of suffering is desire, cravings and illusions based on ignorance. -The Third Noble Truth: By stopping these cravings the suffering is stopped. -The Fourth Noble Truth: To end suffering we must end our cravings. The way to end cravings is the Eightfold path. THE EIGHT FOLD PATH 1. Right viewpoint- Realizing the Four Noble Truths. 2. Right values- Commitment to mental and ethical growth in moderation. 3. Right Speech- One speaks in a nonhurtful, not exaggerated, truthful way. 4. Right Actions- Wholesome action, avoiding action that would do harm. 5. Right Livelihood- One's job does not harm in any way oneself or others; directly or indirectly (drug dealer, criminal) 6. Right Effort- One makes an effort to improve.

FASCISM & DHARMA 7. Right Mindfulness- Mental ability to see things for what they are with clear consciousness. 8. Right Concentration- State of being where one reaches enlightenment and the ego has disappeared. I have taken only a few excerpts from the above literature to illustrate the concept of Dharma and the ideology of Fascism. The Bhagavad Gita is within the epic poem The Mahabharata which is the longest epic poem in world history or ten times the length of the Odyssey and Iliad with a central theme of a massive war between the Pandava and the kaurava. I quoted a few stanzas of the Bhagavad Gita to make my point on the concept of Dharma in Hinduism. Throughout the Mahabharata are numerous examples of the concept of Dharma.

The Hindu Epic the Ramayana is mentioned as another reference to Dharma, where the central theme surrounds the life of Rama and his consort Sita. Like the Mahabharata, the Ramayana is around eight times the length of the Odyssey and the Iliad. In addition, I included the “Three Jewels”, “The Four Noble Truths” and “The Eightfold Path” of Buddhism as yet another illustration of Dharma. I did not quote from this poem but leave it to the reader. Regarding Sikhism and Dharma I summarized what Dharma means in an overall sense to that faith, without quoting from the “Guru Granth Sahib” the holy book of the Sikh faith or the numerous other texts spanning the Hindu/Buddhist world across Asia. Finally, I included “The Kalama Sutta” for in order to practice “Dharma” one must first have a

FASCISM & DHARMA disciplined mind which can then be free to question. That is in essence of “The Kalama Sutta”. It lays down the methods to develop a disciplined mind in order to choose the right path. I did not quote from this poem but leave it to the reader. Regarding Sikhism and Dharma I summarized what Dharma means in an overall sense to that faith, without quoting from the “Guru Granth Sahib” the holy book of the Sikh faith or the numerous other texts spanning the Hindu/Buddhist world across Asia. CHRISTIANITY AND DHARMA One thread that runs through the concept of Dharma is sacrifice. How much would a person sacrifices for his family and nation? The supreme sacrifice of Christ who took upon himself our sins is an act of honor, morality and righteousness. Be one a father, mother, in one’s job to serving the nation as soldier the sacrifice is demanded all the time. In order to be a good leader and a good father sacrifice is demanded in both occasions. All too often our greatest leaders have turned out to be disappointing parents. Here is where the balance seen in the concept of Dharma comes in. It is also a defining force in Fascism. 888888888888888888888888888888888888888888 888888 8 “Fascism is action and it is thought; action in which doctrine is immanent, and doctrine arising from a given system of historical forces in which it is inserted, and working on them from within. It has therefore a form correlated to contingencies of time

FASCISM & DHARMA and space; but it has also an ideal content which makes it an expression of truth in the higher region of the history of thought...” The above follows the eight-fold path of the Dharmachakra (wheel of law) which is not limited by time and space and makes it an expression of truth in the “higher region of history of thought”

“There is no way of exercising a spiritual influence in the world as a human will dominating the will of others, unless one has a conception both of the transient and the specific reality on which that action is to be exercised, and of the permanent and universal reality in which the transient dwells and has its being. “To have a conception of the transient and the specific reality on which that action is to be exercised, including the universal reality in which the transient dwells” is the pure philosophy of Dharma and the Dharmachakra meaning a person has to understand the cause and effect of one’s actions to that the world has set laws in which one' actions take place. To know men, one must know man; and to know man one must be acquainted with reality and its laws. There can be no conception of the State which is not fundamentally a conception of life: philosophy or intuition, system of ideas evolving within the framework of logic or concentrated in a vision or a faith, but always, at least potentially, an organic conception of the world.”

FASCISM & DHARMA To know men, one must know man; and to know man one must be acquainted with reality and its laws.... is the philosophy of Dharma that includes “Right Concentration- State of being where one reaches enlightenment and the ego has disappeared” such as doing away with Hedonism, Cravings and Selfishness? “an organic conception of the world.” This expresses yet another version of Dharma as in Sanatana Dharma or “eternal order” or “eternal law” SPIRITUAL VIEW OF LIFE “Thus many of the practical expressions of Fascism such as party organization, system of education, and discipline can only be understood when considered in relation to its general attitude toward life. A spiritual attitude. Fascism sees in the world not only those superficial, material aspects in which man appears as an individual, standing by himself, selfcentered, subject to natural law, which instinctively urges him toward a life of selfish momentary pleasure; See the above the four Noble Truths that center on the eternal Dharma (Eternal law) starting with “life is suffering” It sees not only the individual but the nation and the country; individuals and generations bound together by a moral law, with common traditions and a mission which suppressing the instinct for life closed in a brief circle of pleasure, builds up a

FASCISM & DHARMA higher life, founded on duty, a life free from the limitations of time and space, in which the individual, by self-sacrifice, the renunciation of self-interest, by death itself, can achieve that purely spiritual existence in which his value as a man consists.” The Dharma of the self, the family, to the society is stated clearly above where honor and duty are central to the Dharma way of living. Self-sacrifice and the renunciation of self-interest are the core to the teachings of Dharma. The code of honor and duty extends to death itself as seen in the duty of the Soldier. Again free from the limitations of time and space. Loyalty, honor and fulfilling an oath and pledge “Fascism wants man to be active and to engage in action with all his energies; it wants him to be manfully aware of the difficulties besetting him and ready to face them. It conceives of life as a struggle in which it behooves a man to win for himself a really worthy place, first of all by fitting himself (physically, morally, intellectually) to become the implement required for winning it. As for the individual, so for the nation, and so for mankind. Hence the high value of culture in all its forms (artistic, religious, scientific) and the outstanding importance of education. Hence also the essential value of work, by which man subjugates nature and creates the human world (economic, political, ethical, and intellectual).” The above fits perfectly into the eight-fold path. The Buddhist version of Dharma subjugates nature

FASCISM & DHARMA and creates the human world. To quote King Parakrama bahu of (Buddhist) Sri Lanka “Let not even a drop of rain water go to the sea without benefiting man” which led to some of the world's first and most massive dams and irrigation projects on an island nation blessed with over a 100 rivers. This also included the first hospitals dedicated only to serve man and animal (in India) to the some of the world's first Universities. Civic duty is central to Dharma. Fascism and Dharma place emphasis on the civic duties towards society and for the benefit of man while managing nature. “This positive conception of life is obviously an ethical one. It invests the whole field of reality as well as the human activities which master it. No action is exempt from moral judgment; no activity can be despoiled of the value which a moral purpose confers on all things. Therefore, life, as conceived of by the Fascist, is serious, austere, and religious; all its manifestations are poised in a world sustained by moral forces and subject to spiritual responsibilities. The Fascist disdains an “easy" life

The Edicts of Emperor Ashoka that set the moral code of a vast Empire are central to the Dharma. It is the duty of the citizen to honor a code of morality for himself and the state. The Fascist conception of life is a religious one , in which man is viewed in his immanent relation to a higher law, endowed with an objective will transcending the individual and raising him to conscious membership of a spiritual society. "Those

FASCISM & DHARMA who perceive nothing beyond opportunistic considerations in the religious policy of the Fascist regime fail to realize that Fascism is not only a system of government but also and above all a system of thought.” The “higher law” is Dharma. The eternal law is Dharma and the negation of “opportunistic considerations” are part of the eight-fold path. Honor your faith and the moral code of your society. “THE IMPORTANCE OF TRADITION In the Fascist conception of history, man is man only by virtue of the spiritual process to which he contributes as a member of the family, the social group, the nation, and in function of history to which all nations bring their contribution. Hence the great value of tradition in records, in language, in customs, in the rules of social life” Only two nations of the ancient world have an unbroken written history of themselves. Buddhist China and Buddhist Sri Lanka. The importance placed on a written history documents the actions of the ruler and if these actions follow that of the Dharmic code. It became essential that the ruler's actions are documented and that the code of the ruler towards his subjects and the kingdom follow the code of the Dharma. The actions of each member, family unit and town are extensively covered in treaties of the Dharmasutra (treaty on Dharma)

FASCISM & DHARMA A written history is important to remember past mistakes and reveal the truth. “Those who forget the past are doomed to repeat it” “FASCIST STATE AS A SPIRITUAL FORCE The Fascist State, as a higher and more powerful expression of personality, is a force, but a spiritual one. It sums up all the manifestations of the moral and intellectual life of man. Its functions cannot therefore be limited to those of enforcing order and keeping the peace, as the liberal doctrine had it. It is

no mere mechanical device for defining the sphere within which the individual may duly exercise his supposed rights. The Fascist State, as a higher and more powerful expression of personality, is a force, but a spiritual one. It sums up all the manifestations of the moral and intellectual life of man is the Wheel of law (Dharmachakra). It is the eternal law of morality, duty, honor and righteousness. It is not simply enforcing laws and keeping peace. It is not just Dictorship where a person is dictated. It is a higher spiritual level of honor and duty. The Fascist State is an inwardly accepted standard and rule of conduct, a discipline of the whole person; it permeates the will no less than the intellect. It stands for a principle which becomes the central motive of man as a member of civilized society, sinking deep down into his personality; it dwells in the heart of the man of action and of the thinker, of the artist and of the man of science: soul of the soul.”

FASCISM & DHARMA “The Fascist State is an inwardly accepted standard and rule of conduct, a discipline of the whole person”. That is what Siddhartha achieved by meditation and looking inward into himself. He realized “Nirvana” or a sense of being fully aware or the “enlightened one” the Buddha. “Fascism, in short, is not only a law -giver and a founder of institutions, but an educator and a promoter of spiritual life. It aims at refashioning not only the forms of life but their content - man, his character, and his faith. To achieve this propose it enforces discipline and uses authority, entering into the soul and ruling with undisputed sway. Therefore, it has chosen as its emblem the Lictor’s rods, the symbol of unity, strength, and justice.” The emblem of the “Lictor's rods of Fascism is the same as the Dharmachakra or the emblem of the wheel of law of Buddhism. The honor of the individual is the honor of the nation. It is what right you can do for yourself, what right you can do for the nation, what right nation is obliged to herself, and what right the nation can do for you. !. In short, Fascism is a form of government and social system which authentically serves the interests of the people and the nation as a whole. 1. The word "Fascism" comes from the Italian word "fascio" meaning "the group" or more specifically "in consideration of the group."

FASCISM & DHARMA 2.. Just as the group’s needs, their nation. Always evaluating how their individual actions affect the group. Thus Fascism rejects the self-centered "me me" mentality so common under Capitalism. For example, in a Fascist nation, each person is expected to maintain a healthy diet and lifestyle. For if not, they may become seriously ill and thus require expensive health care; this would negatively impact the group by making them a financial burden on the nation. 3. Continuing this line of thought, under Fascism all people of one's ethnicity or nationality are considered the greater family of that person. Hence, a Fascist nation is thought of as one giant family of several million people. Therefore, just as one mustn't do anything to hurt their brother or sister, under Fascism one mustn't do anything which would hurt the nation or its people. This is the essence of Fascism. A strong consideration of the group balanced with individualism. 4. First and foremost, Fascism is an economic system in which a nation's government plays a central role in monitoring all banking, trade, production, and labor activity which takes place within the nation. Such monitoring is done for the sole purpose of safeguarding and advancing the nation and its people. Under Fascism, the government will not approve of any business activity unless that business has a

FASCISM & DHARMA positive impact on the people of the nation and the nation as a whole. This is the axiom which determines everything within the economic aspect of Fascism. In other words, the government askes, "Is this company good for our nation and people?" If yes, it's approved. If no, it's not approved. When they ask, "Is it good?", they mean, "Is this company good for the workers, do they pay a fair wage, do they produce a product or provide a service which advances our nation and people technologically, morally, spiritually, health-wise, etc.?" For example, a company would not be allowed because they believe that corrupts people generally and exploits and degrades women particularly. Also, "free" trade agreements (such as what the U.S. has with China) would never be allowed because such trade agreements result in companies

sending jobs overseas, where labor is dirt cheap. Such an activity would undermine a nation's labor class. This is entirely unacceptable and thus not allowed under a Fascist economic model. 5. To illustrate under Fascism ’s major corporation who are entrusted with some element of the Nation’s vital interest would typically have its Corporate Board comprised of – the company’s own board members - an equal number of workers with Fascist members (usually 2) to seated as Chairmen’s to look after the interest of the company, the worker and the Nation.

FASCISM & DHARMA Fascism dose not micro-manger a business. However, the State will intervene if needed to stop corruption such unfair practice or cronyism. 6. Fascism is based on free enterprise - but with constraints (the primary constraint being, "Is the particular economic activity in question good for our nation and people?"). Also, a businessman can become wealthy in a Fascist country, and the government has no objection to this (this is in stark contrast to communism). Fascism also encourages private ownership of property (again, in stark contrast to Communism where private property is NOT allowed). In a nutshell, Fascism basically tells entrepreneurs, "Go ahead and start a business, earn a lot of money, and be successful. Just don't produce any products or services which damage our nation and her people. And make sure you treat your workers fair and pay them a living wage. If you don't follow these rules, we'll shut you down." 7. With regard to banking, usury is not allowed under Fascism. The government tightly controls all aspects of monetary policy, including terms of lending. The government prints money and lends it interest free, as needed, to grow the economy and ultimately serve the citizens. 8. The above is the economic aspect of Fascism. There is also a cultural and social aspect 9. Under Fascism, government plays a key role in monitoring: film, theatre, art, literature, music,

FASCISM & DHARMA education, etc., in order to maintain a high moral standard, keep things clean and respectable, promote a strong sense of patriotism and honor, and prevent anything degenerate. 10. With regard to political legislation introduced by a Fascist government, the same criteria are applied. "Will this proposed law benefit the people and the nation as a whole?"

11. A few other things to mention. Fascism encourages respect for all animals and the environment as Fascists understand that nature is the giver of life and thus must be preserved. 12. Contrast this with the environmental philosophy of Capitalism, which too often takes the short term view with regard to natural resources and foolishly believes that pollution is a necessary byproduct of profit. Also, and somewhat related to environmental issues, Fascism holds very progressive views with regard to animal rights – the fascist code to protect animals from cruelty is still in use in many European countries 13. Also, under Fascism, (Dharma) if a person doesn't like things, he or she may leave the country. Contrast this with Communism, where if you don't like things, you had better keep your mouth shut. And, of course, there is no option to leave the country. You WILL submit or else be sent to a re-education camp where you'll be brainwashed to accept the Communist system. And if you still resist, you'll probably be killed. Again, there is no leaving. Submit or suffer the consequences. (non-Dharma)

FASCISM & DHARMA 14. Further, Fascism holds women in very high regard. Women are the carriers of new life. They are expected to be educated, worldly, and well read. Women are encouraged. Women are encouraged to pursue their interests and have a career. Women are encouraged to be strong yet feminine. Consistent with these ideas, Fascist art often. Keep in mind once Mussolini took power the Fascist engaged in very little violence except in response to their political foes, the Communist. Mussolini’s Doctrine of Fascism call for duty not passivity. Mussolini’s Doctrine of Fascism point to the fact that democracies have caused numerous wars cumulating (the time of its writing) in the Great War. +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ America's Changing View of Mussolini and Italian Fascism By Mark Weber America's image today of Benito Mussolini and his Italian Fascist regime is, to a considerable extent, a product of Second World War propaganda. The wartime image of the Duce (leader) as a clownish bully remains largely intact to this day. But this was not always so. During the 1920s and early 1930s, Mussolini and Fascist Italy were generally well regarded in the United States. John P. Diggins, professor of history at the University of California, Irvine, notes in his 1972

FASCISM & DHARMA study, Mussolini and Fascism: The View from America (p.59): "Whatever Mussolini's reputation is today, from the time of the [Fascist] March on Rome [1922] to the beginning of the Ethiopian War [1935], he was an esteemed figure. Americans in particular saw in Mussolini certain enduring qualities which enabled him to qualify as a `great man' not only of his time but of the ages." Mussolini's conception of power and authority, the New York Times wrote in November 1923, “has many points in common with that of the men who inspired our own constitution – John Adams, Hamilton and Washington.” One of the most widely read magazines of the period, The Saturday Evening Post (with almost three million subscribers in 1930) published numerous articles praising Mussolini and his regime. America's ambassador to Italy, Richard Washburn Child, was so taken with the Duce that he initiated and played a major role in producing Mussolini's Autobiography, which was published in 1928 by Charles Scribner's Sons. It appeared that same year in serial form in The Saturday Evening Post. In his foreword to the work, the envoy praised Mussolini as “both wise and humane,” as an administrator of “super statesmanship,” and as a political leader of “permanent greatness.” In Fascist Italy, wrote Child, “unexpected joy is found in the leadership of a Mussolini … It is absurd to say that Italy groans under discipline. Italy chortles with it! It is victory!”

FASCISM & DHARMA Mussolini, the ambassador explained, "… has not only been able to secure and hold an almost universal following; he has built a new state upon a new concept of a state. He has not only been able to change the lives of human beings, but he has changed their minds, their hearts, their spirits. He has not merely ruled a house; he has built a new house." President Franklin Roosevelt expressed admiration for the Italian leader, and sent him cordial letters. In June 1933, Roosevelt praised Mussolini in a letter to an American envoy: “... I am much interested and deeply impressed by what he has accomplished and by his evidenced honest purpose of restoring Italy and seeking to prevent general European trouble.” In another letter a few weeks later, the President wrote: “I don't mind telling you in confidence that I am keeping in fairly close touch with the admirable Italian gentleman.” Mussolini's regime received particularly warm praise from America's business leaders. In his 1972 work, Prof. Diggins writes (pp. 146-47): "With few exceptions, the dominant voices of business responded to Fascism with a hearty enthusiasm. Favorable editorials, could be read in publications such as Barron's, Journal of Commerce and Commercial Bulletin, Commerce and Finance, Nation's Business (the official organ of the US Chamber of Commerce), and the reputable Wall Street Journal. Aside from the press, the list of outspoken business admirers reads like a Wall Street 'Who's Who'."

FASCISM & DHARMA Readers of the prestigious business magazine Fortune (May 1932) were told: “In the world depression, marked by governmental wandering and uncertainty, Mussolini remains direct … He presents, too, the virtue of force and centralized government acting without conflict for the whole nation at once.” Two months later, Fortune compared Fascist Italy's social policies with those of the Democratic Party in the United States: “The Corporate State is to Mussolini what the New Deal is to Roosevelt.” As a former soldier of the First World War, and as leader of a government that stressed patriotism, it is not surprising that Mussolini and his nationalist movement won admiration from many American veterans. Alvin Owsley, National Commander of the largest veteran's group, the American Legion, declared in 1923: "If ever needed, the American Legion stands ready to protect our country's institutions and ideals as the Fascisti dealt with the destructionists who menaced Italy ... Do not forget that the Fascisti are to Italy what the American Legion is to the United States." America's Roman Catholic press reported sympathetically on Fascist Italy and its leader, encouraged by the signing in February 1929 of the Lateran treaty between Mussolini and the Vatican. The American attitude toward Mussolini cooled considerably during Italy's military subjugation of Ethiopia, 1935-1936. (At the same time, though, some Americans pointed out the hypocrisy of condemning Italy for its imperial ambitions, while

FASCISM & DHARMA withholding criticism of Britain and France for their vastly greater colonial empires.) A 1934 hit tune by Cole Porter included the line “You're the tops – you're Muss-o-lini.” Reflecting the changing attitude, a year later this line had been deleted. As Mussolini aligned his nation ever more closely with National Socialist Germany, the image in the American media of Italy and its leader deteriorated markedly. In May 1939 Mussolini and Hitler concluded the ItalianGerman “Pact of Steel” alliance, and in June 1940 the Duce declared war on a France that was already nearly defeated by Germany. Setting the tone for a widespread American view, President Franklin Roosevelt condemned Mussolini's “stab in the back.” Following Mussolini's fateful declaration of war against the United States in December 1941, American newspapers, magazines, newsreels and motion pictures poured out a steady stream of scorn and contempt against Fascist Italy and its leader. This propaganda barrage powerfully shaped the American image that has largely remained to this day. From The Journal of Historical Review, May-June From The Journal of Historical Review, May-June ===================================== George Orwell --What is Fascism? --TRIBUNE — 1944 Of all the unanswered questions of our time, perhaps the most important is: ‘What is Fascism?’

FASCISM & DHARMA One of the social survey organizations in America recently asked this question of a hundred different people, and got answers ranging from ‘pure democracy’ to ‘pure diabolism’. In this country if you ask the average thinking person to define Fascism, he usually answers by pointing to the German and Italian régimes. But this is very unsatisfactory, because even the major Fascist states differ from one another a good deal in structure and ideology. It is not easy, for instance, to fit Germany and Japan into the same framework, and it is even harder with some of the small states which are describable as Fascist. It is usually assumed, for instance, that Fascism is inherently warlike, that it thrives in an atmosphere of war hysteria and can only solve its economic problems by means of war preparation or foreign conquests. But clearly this is not true of, say, Portugal or the various South American dictatorships. Or again, antisemitism is supposed to be one of the distinguishing marks of Fascism; but some Fascist movements are not anti-Semitic. Learned controversies, reverberating for years on end in American magazines, have not even been able to determine whether or not Fascism is a form of capitalism. …. Nationalists: Nationalism is universally regarded as inherently Fascist, but this is held only to apply to such national movements as the speaker happens to disapprove of. Arab nationalism, Polish nationalism, Finnish nationalism, the Indian Congress Party, the Muslim League, Zionism, and

FASCISM & DHARMA the I.R.A. are all described as Fascist but not by the same people… …Yet underneath all this mess there does lie a kind of buried meaning. To begin with, it is clear that there are very great differences, some of them easy to point out and not easy to explain away, between the régimes called Fascist and those called democratic. Secondly, if ‘Fascist’ means ‘in sympathy with Hitler’, some of the accusations I have listed above are obviously very much more justified than others. Thirdly, even the people who recklessly fling the word ‘Fascist’ in every direction attach at any rate an emotional significance to it. By ‘Fascism’ they mean, roughly speaking, something cruel, unscrupulous, arrogant, obscurantist, antiliberal and anti-working-class. Except for the relatively small number of Fascist sympathizers, almost any English person would accept ‘bully’ as a synonym for ‘Fascist’. That is about as near to a definition as this much-abused word has come. But Fascism is also a political and economic system. Why, then, cannot we have a clear and generally accepted definition of it? Alas! we shall not get one — not yet, anyway. To say why would take too long, but basically it is because it is impossible to define Fascism satisfactorily without making admissions which neither the Fascists themselves, nor the Conservatives, nor Socialists of any color, are willing to make. All one can do for the moment is to use the word with a certain amount of circumspection and not, as is usually done, degrade it to the level of a swearword.

FASCISM & DHARMA THE END George Orwell: ‘What is Fascism?’ First published: Tribune. — GB, London. — 1944.

===================================== On the dark day of April 28, 1945 Benito Mussolini was sadistically and brutally butchered by Italian communists. These depraved monsters not only murdered Mussolini and dozens of his staff, they also butchered Mussolini's love, Claretta Petacci. It gets worse. Much, much worse. Not only was Claretta gang raped by the communists who captured them, but all of the women in the fleeing group with Mussolini suffered the same fate. At the end of her hell she was murdered beside the man she loved. It is said that when the communists lined them both up to be shot Claretta jumped in front of Mussolini, as to protect him from the bullets. One only hears of such selfless love and devotion in fairy tales. Mussolini died as he had lived -- like a man. He opened his jacket to his murderers and said boldly, 'Shoot me in the chest!' It goes on... In a perverted act of necrophilia, these human monsters sodomized Mussolini's corpse. They urinated on it and kicked and beat his body

FASCISM & DHARMA until it was barely recognizable as human. Only when reading about the most heinous and evil serial killers does one hear about similar depraved acts.

The bodies were thrown into a heap in a suburban square in the city of Milan. At least one British secret service member and numerous communists whipped a crowd into a frenzy. They attacked the corpses in all manner imaginable. Eventually the bodies were hoisted up and hung upside down on meat hooks! An American eye witness described the crowd as 'sinister, depraved, out of control'.This tomb and shrine to Mussolini as it stands today. Thousands visit his tomb yearly, expressing their love and admiration by signing a guest book The great and complex Benito Mussolini tells one last tale to us, his spirit soaring free, his body defiled, broken, but alas, he is not beaten. No one cares about the monsters who murdered Mussolini. No one cares about these murderous communists. They are truly dead. After all, do you know the names of the killers? Most likely not. And if by some cosmic oddity you do know their names, do you know their birthdays or the day they died? Do you celebrate them as martyrs of truth

FASCISM & DHARMA who fought against the darkness? Do you toast to their life and despise their deaths? Do you enshrine pictures of them on your walls? Do you take pilgrimages to their graves? Do you march in their honor? Do you seek out their words, and feel that they could have been written today? Do you vow that one-day truth will prevail, and we will build statues in their honor? Do you fight for that day -earning nothing but spiritual gold? No you don't. No one does. Because Mussolini's murderers are truly dead. And all of those things I asked you about his killers above are done for Mussolini -- all around the whole wide world. Mussolini vive per sempre What they don’t tell about Adolph Hitler and Nazi Germany:

Hitler's desire to see his nation restored, his love for animals, stance against Tobacco use, and desire to see his people healthy and free from oppression, inspired us to compile this.

Hitler in Crowd

FASCISM & DHARMA Adolph Hitler was raised in a middle class family, and during the early years of his life his family even went through a difficult period of starvation. After being a soldier in world war I, on January 30th 1933, he found himself head of the German government, fulfilling the dream of every poor and middle class person who ever sought to make it big. We are all familiar with the story of Hitler that the United States would like you to believe. Hitler has been made out to be one of the most “evil” people to have ever lived, slaughtering millions of innocent jews. This same story has been echoed throughout Hollywood for decades, and by now it’s safe to say billions of dollars have been spent to convince you of this black and white, good vs evil perspective about the Nazi regime. What if it isn’t entirely accurate? After investigating the work of others who have documented history in an unbiased fashion, as well as those who have interviewed people who worked and lived alongside Hitler, there is strong evidence to suggest that what we’ve been told is extremely inaccurate. A completely new examination of Hitler and Nazi Germany during World War II is required, and from this examination a different story is sure to emerge. 1. Hitler Broke Free from the International Banking Cartels When Hitler’s period as Chancellor of Germany began, the German people had no work, no money and were starving. A wheelbarrow full of 100 billion-mark banknotes could not buy a loaf of bread at the time, and many Germans were living in

FASCISM & DHARMA shacks after countless homes and farms had been seized by Rothschild/Rockefeller-controlled banks.

In his 1967 book The Magic of Money, Hitler’s Reichsbank President, Dr. Hjalmar Horace Greeley Schacht, let out the big secret: “The mark’s dramatic devaluation began soon after the Reichsbank was “privatized,” or delivered to private investors.” In other words, responsible for the post-war hyperinflation was not the German government, but rather the privately owned central bank in Germany, and its monopoly it had over the creation of money. Germany’s economy was crashed and devastated by bankers… that is, until Hitler arrived. After Hitler was elected, refusing to play ball with the Rockefeller-Rothschild rules, one of the first things he did was fix the corrupt, debt-based financial system. By completely thwarting the international banking cartels, the Nazi government issued its own currency known as Reich Marchs, which were debt free and uncontrollable by international financial interests. Debt Free Finance = Freedom If America nationalized their currency as Hitler did for Germany, they would effectively sever all ties with international bankers, the manipulation of their government and economy would cease, and they would live debt-free. Just as Hitler issued debt-free currency for Germany, Abraham Lincoln setup an interest free banking system in the United States when he was President, and he was murdered for it.

FASCISM & DHARMA Former US president Andrew Jackson issued interest-free currency, and two shots were fired at his head in an assassination attempt, but the shots misfired and he survived. John F. Kennedy issued interest-free currency during his presidency and we all know how he met his untimely demise. Afte r Germany’s public banking system was installed, world Jewry responded by declaring war on Germany, including a global boycott of German goods. Within two years, the German economy was flourishing with its new-found stable, and inflationfree currency. 2. Hitler Created a Thriving Economy with No Unemployment After setting up a public banking system, Hitler began his reign by constructing new roads, bridges, dams, canals, port facilities, and much needed repair of public and private buildings. Everything was done with public money that owed no interest to the International “Banksters”. As Hitler said, “For every Mark issued, we required the equivalent of a Mark’s worth of work done, or goods produced.” Next, the NAZI government encouraged women to be homemakers, and all the work being done to repair and improve the country’s infrastructure and transportation created jobs for men. The unemployment problem had been solved within only two years, and Germany was back on its feet. It’s often been claimed, that Hitler’s success in reviving his nation’s economy was based largely on

FASCISM & DHARMA government spending for rearmament. This is a myth. As the renowned British historian A. J. P. Taylor noted: “Germany’s economic recovery, which was complete by 1936, did not rest on rearmament; it was caused mainly by lavish expenditure on public works, particularly on motor roads, and this public spending stimulated private spending also, as [British economist John Maynard] Keynes had said it would. …while nearly everyone else in Europe expected a great war, Hitler was the one man who neither expected nor planned for it.” – A. J. P. Taylor, From Sarajevo to Potsdam (Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1975), p. 140. 3. Hitler Emphasized Respect for Women, Children and Strong Family Values During the economic hardship just before Hitler was elected, Germany was seeing a declining rate of birth. In 1933, hitler passed a law that enabled married couples to obtain interest free loans minimum 1000 Reich Marks (equal to 9 months’ salary) to set up homes and start families. For each child birthed, the couple was allowed to keep 250 marks and did not have to repay it. This system pioneered by the Nazi government exists today in Switzerland. In the eyes of Nazis, women were viewed as the preservers of the tribe, the guardians of future generations, and the priestesses of domestic virtue. Recognizing that families are the primary unit around which a functioning society is built, Hitler emphasized the principle of maintaining a strong bond among family members. Admired for his high

FASCISM & DHARMA regard for mother’s, families were inspired and strengthened under the leadership of Hitler. Poor families were helped by using financial incentives, and family allowances, marriage loans and child subsidies were provided equally to each and every segment of society.

4. Nazi Preservation of Environment and Animals Under the Nazi regime, mishandling an animal was considered a heinous crime, and if somebody was discovered mistreating an animal, they were sent to concentration camps. As someone with great admiration for animals, Hitler showed great concern for animals native to Germany, and passed laws that ensured their safety and well-being. In 1934, Hitler passed a law called Das Reichsjagdgesetz (the Reich Hunting Law), which regulated how many animals could be killed per year, and to establish proper ‘hunting seasons’.

FASCISM & DHARMA This law has now been adopted by most western countries. Animal conservation was included in Primary, Secondary and College levels, and in 1935, the Reichsnaturschutzgesetz (Reich Nature Protection Act) was passed. which placed several native species on a protection list including the wolf and Eurasian lynx. It is likely that this law saved some native forest-inhabiting species from going extinct.

The Nazi’s were also the first to create environmental protection laws in history. The German Imperial Conservation law of 1935 was passed, which protected “remaining portions of landscape in free nature whose preservation on account of rarity, beauty, distinctiveness or on account of scientific, ethnic, forest, or hunting significance lies in the general interest.”

FASCISM & DHARMA “[It is] useful to know the laws of nature – for that enables us to obey them. To act otherwise would be to rise in revolt against heaven.” – Adolf Hitler Why would a nationalist organization support animal rights? Care about the welfare of animals? Have a section specifically to combat animal cruelty? The manner in which western people respect animals is one of the most important aspects of western culturalism. The support neither the traditional conservative parties or left wing swine they claim they oppose. We are third positionists dedicated to exposing the false left-right paradigm that exists in 21st century politics.

Besides, true Western European gentlemen; not the effeminate bullies, will understand how western culturalism, nationalism and animal rights go together like aged cheddar cheese, apple & raisin chutney and whole meal Lancashire bread. Typically, widespread savagery perpetrated against animals is seen in non-western nations. Street dogs being shot in the Philippines and Russia, dogs being beaten to death in the Arab and Islamic world, animal rapes in Africa are about as common as someone taking a shit on the side of the road in the aforementioned countries. But the west?

FASCISM & DHARMA Although Anglo-Saxon culture has a spotty historical track record when it comes to poaching and hunting, generally speaking we have moved on from that ugly side of our shared histories. Until recently, that is. The spate of animal cruelty one sees in the US in hunting programs that glorify sport killing, in the UK with people abusing animals for fun, and across South Africa, evidenced by the poaching and farm abuses, is a prime example of our own degeneracy. From animal crush pornography infecting South African teenagers, to the rape and torture of rabbits. This is sad considering how far we had evolved during the early and middle part of the 20th century. Westerner Europeans and new world people, have a proud history of animal rights. We were in fact the first to pass comprehensive animal protection legislation. Before the Animal Welfare movement was hijacked by Antifa and leftist scum, it found support in nationalist, and Western anti-Marxist movements. In fact it was the evil Nazis that were the first to champion animal causes. While the EKP avoid discussing the German Third Reich, for obvious reasons, there’s no point rewriting history as orthodox historians have been doing since 1945. For heaven’s sake, even Wikipedia writes,

FASCISM & DHARMA “At the end of the nineteenth century, kosher butchering and vivisection were the main concerns regarding animal protection in Germany. These concerns continued among the Nazis. According to Boria Sax, the Nazis rejected anthropocentric reasons for animal protection—animals were not to be protected for human interests—but for themselves In 1927, a Nazi representative to the Reichstag called for actions against cruelty to animals and kosher butchering.

In 1931, the Nazi party proposed a ban on vivisection. In early 1933, representatives of the Nazi party to the Prussian parliament held a meeting to enact this ban. On April 21, 1933, almost immediately after the Nazis came to power, the parliament began to pass laws for the regulation of animal slaughter. On April 21, a law was passed concerning the slaughter of animals. On April 24, Order of the Prussian Ministry of the Interior was enacted regarding the slaughter of poikilotherms. Germany was the first nation to ban vivisection. A law imposing total ban on vivisection was enacted on August 16, 1933, by Hermann Göring as the prime minister of Prussia. He announced an end to the “unbearable torture and suffering in animal experiments” and said that those who “still think they can continue to treat animals as inanimate property” will be sent to concentration camps. On August 28, 1933, Göring announced in a radio broadcast: An absolute and permanent ban on vivisection is not only a necessary law to protect animals and to show sympathy with their pain, but it is also a law for humanity itself…. I have therefore announced the immediate prohibition of vivisection and have made

FASCISM & DHARMA the practice a punishable offense in Prussia. Until such time as punishment is pronounced the culprit shall be lodged in a concentration camp.

Lab animals giving the Nazi salute to Hermann Göring for his order to ban vivisection. Caricature from Kladderadatsch, a satirical journal, September 1933.Herman Goring animal gh rights nazis.jpgnyy Göring prohibited vivisection and said that those who “still think they can continue to treat animals as inanimate property” will be sent to concentration camps.[7] Göring also banned commercial animal trapping, imposed severe restrictions on hunting, and regulated the shoeing of horses. He imposed regulations even on the boiling of lobsters and crabs. In one incident, he sent a fisherman to a concentration camp for cutting up a bait frog. In 24 November 1933, Nazi Germany enacted another law called Reichstierschutzgesetz (Reich Animal Protection Act), for protection of animals. This law listed many prohibitions against the use of animals,

including their use for filmmaking and other public events causing pain or damage to health,[15] feeding fowls forcefully and tearing out the thighs of living frogs.[16] The two principals (Ministerialräte) of the German Ministry of the

FASCISM & DHARMA Interior, Clemens Giese and Waldemar Kahler, who were responsible for drafting the legislative text, wrote in their juridical comment from 1939, that by the law the animal was to be “protected for itself” (“um seiner selbst willen geschützt”), and made “an object of protection going far beyond the hitherto existing law” (“Objekt eines weit über die bisherigen Bestimmungen hinausgehenden Schutzes”).” The argument that the Germans banned Kosher killing due to anti-Semitism is about as valid as saying the ANC care about South Africa, and our scumbags of the week, Martin Bell, 20, Frank Hudson, 19, and two unnamed 17-year-old despicable thugs, deserve anything less than a VERY public flogging. Please be sure to subscribe to our FREE newsletter before leaving us today. We generate ZERO income from our site. Like the great men of our time, we do this because of love and honour. 5. Hitler Banned Experimentation on Animals (Vivisection) Nazy Germany was the first country in the world to ban vivisection, or any experimentation on live animals. With its great concern for animal conservation, and human treatment, a complete ban of vivisection was enacted in April 1933. The Prime Minister of Prussia Hermann Goring has said: “An absolute and permanent ban on vivisection is not only a necessary law to protect animals and to

FASCISM & DHARMA show sympathy with their pain, but it is also a law for humanity itself…. I have therefore announced the immediate prohibition of vivisection and have made the practice a punishable offense in Prussia. Until such time as punishment is pronounced the culprit shall be lodged in a concentration camp.” A cartoon showing animals saved from vivisection saluting Hermann Goring. The sign in the window says “Vivisection Forbidden”. 6. Hitler Funded Research into “Free Energy” Technologies Hitler was well aware that in order to truly escape the stronghold of economic manipulation by the international banking cartel he would need to find a way to eliminate Germany’s dependence on oil. An inexhaustible source of energy that was not monopolized by the private money cartels was required for true sovereignty, and this is what Hitler sought. This pursuit led Germany to develop what has been called The Nazi Bell, which is described by author Joseph P. Farrell as “a hyper-dimensional physics device being researched under the auspices of the SS

departments Entwicklungstelle-IV, Forschung, Entwicklung, und Patente, and SS General Hans Kammler’s super-secret weapons black projects thinktank, the Kammlerstab.“ According to Farrell, “the mission brief of the Entwicklungstelle IV was to develop free energy and to make Germany independent of foreign oil.” The Nazi Bell was designed, in Farrell’s estimation, for a threefold purpose:

FASCISM & DHARMA 1.Energy Independence 2.Advanced Propulsion Technology 3.A Weapon of Tremendous Power _ In his book Babylon’s Banksters, Joseph P. Farrell points to evidence that after the War, the United States made every effort to reconstruct the personnel team that worked on the Nazi Bell, so that they could develop the technology for themselves and restore the balance of power between “Nazi International” and “Anglo-American” elite factions. 7. German Workers Were Well-Treated With the goal of enhancing the standard of living for all German citizens equally, Adolph Hitler stimulated the spirit of integrity, comradeship and happiness, by funding numerous worker’s welfare programs including: •Highly Subsidized International vacation trips. •134,000 theater and concert events for 32 million people (Between 1933-1938). 2 million people went on cruises, and 11 million went on theater trips. •Every citizen was given a radio. •A 5-day work week for all citizens. •Free Public Health. •Hitler’s government banned Trade Unions, and it was mandatory that all workers had to join the German labor Front trade union. Strikes were banned, and people who refused to work were imprisoned. •Every large factory had to provide rest areas, cafeterias, dressing rooms, even playing fields and swimming pools for its workers. German workers were better treated in the Third Reich than at any time before, or since.

FASCISM & DHARMA 8. Organized Industrial Production & Farming As opposed to the current American economy, where production is driven by the pursuit of maximum profit, Hitler initiated a policy of selfsufficiency, where the goal was to produce only what is required by Germans. The goal of the Nazi government was to produce for its country everything the German people needed without having to rely on imports to meet the needs of its citizens.

Along with the calculated production of material goods, new policies were introduced so that the aim of farming was to produce what German’s needed, not what was most profitable. The government subsidized the farmers for loss of profit and farmers were given guarantees that all of what was grown would be purchased. 9. Hitler Eliminated Crime and Improved Health of Germans

By giving social misfits and criminals jobs, Adolph Hitler was able to reduce the crime rate in Germany. In his 1976 book The TwelveYear Reich, author R. Grunberger stated that there were significant drops in the rates of murder, robbery, theft, embezzlement and petty larceny during the Hitler years.

FASCISM & DHARMA Many foreigners were impressed by the improved outlook and health of Germans, including Sir Arnold Wilson, a British M.P. who visited Germany seven times after Hitler came to power. “Infant mortality has been greatly reduced an d is considerably inferior to that in Great Britain,” wrote Wilson. “Tuberculosis and other diseases have noticeably diminished. The criminal courts have never had so little to do and the prisons have never had so few occupants. It is a pleasure to observe the physical aptitude of the German youth. Even the poorest persons are better clothed than was formerly the case, and their cheerful faces testify to the psychological improvement that has been wrought within them.”

10. No Citizen Will Starve or Freeze A canister used for collections during the Winter Relief Fund. A prime philosophy of Germany at the time was that all citizens should share the same standard of living. With this in mind, Nazi Germany boasted one of the largest public welfare programs in history with the slogan “None shall starve nor freeze”. Every year, highranking Nazi’s and citizens would take to the streets to collect charity for the unfortunate, which generated a feeling of comradeship toward those in need. They even went to the extent of publishing names of those who didn’t give charity in the paper as a punishment or reminder of their neglect. According to Mark Weber of the Institute for Historical Review,

FASCISM & DHARMA “On one occasion, a civil servant was prosecuted for failure to donate, and his argument that it was voluntary was dismissed on the grounds it was an extreme view of liberty, to neglect all duties not actually prescribed by law, and therefore an abuse of liberty.” 11. The Nazi Anti-Tobacco Mission Nazi doctors were the first to write a major scientific paper linking smoking to lung cancer. Following this report, smoking was banned in restaurants and public transportation systems. Advertising of smoking and cigarettes was severely regulated by the Nazis, and tobacco tax was raised to deter people from smoking. In what was one of the most expensive and effective anti-tobacco movements in history, numerous German health organizations began educating the public that risks of miscarriage were heightened when pregnant women engaged in smoking. In the year 1940, while annual cigarette consumption per capita in America was over 3,000, in Germany it was only 749. •Hitler prohibited the sale of cigarettes to women. •Hitler prohibited smoking for people under the age of 18. •Hitler prohibited smoking for people in uniforms. •Hitler prohibited smoking in public areas. •Hitler was the first to place “warning” photos of cancerous lungs on cigarette boxes. _ 12. Nazi’s Created a Culture that Cherished Music Recognizing the importance weaving music into the fabric of a country rich in culture, Hitler founded

FASCISM & DHARMA the State Music Institute in 1933 after he came into power. Its purpose was to promote the timeless work of composers such as Beethoven, Mozart, Brahms, Wagner, among others. The Nazis ensured that every German citizen had a radio.

Youngsters were encouraged by the Nazi government to pursue music as a career in order to preserve the rich ancient German cultural heritage. Jazz, Swing, and sexually provocative music were all banned in Germany during the Hitler era. That there were literally hundreds of thousands of Jews and non-whites in Hitler's armed forces, that Subhas Bose; an Indian freedom fighter lived in Germany and married a Nazi administrator, Gandhi viewed Hitler as a friend and 'fantastic statesman', black American prisoners of war were treated better in German camps than they were in the American military, that tens of thousands of non-whites lived in Germany and were NOT put in camps, the dastardly Soviets planned on attacking first, German soldiers raped an infinitesimally small number of women than both the Soviet and American Army (the Brits were gallant and honorable as well), that the Nuremberg race laws were less strict than most American anti miscegenation laws, that................2 Resources Used: •Institute for Historical Review •The European Knights Project Archive. 2 European Knights Project

FASCISM & DHARMA Chapter 3 Returning to the matter at hand. -“The great enemy of the truth is very often not the lie, deliberate, contrived and dishonest, but the myth, persistent, persuasive and unrealistic – John F. Kennedy He also said -“One day, after I am long gone you will remember me and say, we should have stopped the nuclear program of Israel, abolished the Federal Reserve and kicked all secret societies, occultists, usurpers and “Zionists” out of our wonderful country, to keep it that way, but it is never too late, just remember that” JFK History brazenly shows that it was not Hitler who declared a Second World War. The Second World War was declared by Britain’s Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain on September 3, 1939. If the reason for Chamberlain’s action was due to Germany’s invasion of Poland, in response to Polish atrocities against ethics Germans, then why didn’t Britain declare war on Stalin’s Soviet Union when, on 17th September 1939 Russia invaded Poland from the east? Why did Churchill and the Allied attackers escalated a little local war that would have killed no more than thousands into a world war that slaughtered tens of millions. This is one question of oh so many that are seldom addressed by the onesided version of history feed to us, now, for over seven plus decades by the means of every form of media known to mankind. But the irony is that the

FASCISM & DHARMA age of information, the internet age, is breaking the strangle hold on history. Leviticus 19:11 "'Do not lie. "'Do not deceive” To bear false witness against thy neighbor is a sin – For those who foster a lie to all of humanity, a lie that will never die, is a corruption of the soul of all humanity. To the victors by that lie shall be bereft of God’s grace – thus they must seek the protection of vice and evil. Let’s nip this in the bud right now before another word is written - This book is to be a condensed handbook for clarity and balance - not an antiJewish rage. Nor is it an endless recitation of the Third Reich, whose history has been highly distorted to create a myth of a “regime” of incurable villainous dimensions. Neither will it be an attempt to exonerate the tragedy and cruelty of those years. The curse of humanity is tragic, cruel and a thuggery of truth. But change is afoot. Napoleon Bonaparte – “History is a set of lies that people chose to believe.” As the technology of communication advances, the life of empires shortens and the bedrock of empires is politics and politics is the art of persuasion, whose tools are distortion, half-truths, a sprinkling of truth, imposed ignorance, naivety, massive stupidly, and myths. Here I must interject that there is an up and coming suppression and call for punishment of any negating of the theory of “man-made global climate change” –

FASCISM & DHARMA These are two subjects, similar only in that ‘the bosses of public discourse have prohibited from debate.’ WHY? “One day, after I am long gone you will remember me and say, we should have stopped the nuclear program of Israel, abolished the Federal Reserve and kicked all secret societies, occultists, usurpers and “Zionists” out of our wonderful country, to keep it that way, but it is never too late, just remember that” JFK The policies of the German Reich commencing, more or less, in 1933 have for better than seven decades’ been cloaked in one, and only one garb – that of an unfounded, diabolical hatred by one supposed madman, Adolph Hitler, toward Jews; thus causing the entire German populous to drink, in unison, deep of rancorous venom and so there upon vilify the whole of worldwide Jewry. Attempts by scholarly historians to intellectually link this epidemic of anti-Jewry to a predilection of European prejudice going back to ancient times is erudite. But in contemplation of the reading relating to this sorted Jewish – non Jewish relationship one seems to be guided away from the cause and effect. As if the effect had no cause, or that the reaction, often fierce, was not in reaction to an equally violent act – not just based on myths.

For example, the allegation of The Hidden Cult: The Jewish Ritual Murder of Christians – to raise the issue risks the label of anti-Semite – nevertheless – despite the Blood Libel there is

FASCISM & DHARMA considerable evidence that the cruelest sacrifices have happened. Any (You tube) web search of the subject will reveal details of numerous and documented events. Are we to dismiss the probability of these horrific events? Does the acknowledgment condemn all Jews? No. Has the Jewish nation of Israel been condemned and made to pay reparations – No! Do any Israeli laws exist that makes the possession of books and or other material related to Ritualistic practice unlawful? Not found. No, no Jews are cast with a blanket of guilt. but in present day Germany laws are vigorously enforced for the possession or distribution of Holocaust denial. People, are arrested, judged, imprisoned for simply questioning the accuracy of the official doctrine. Yet no conclusive proof that the NAZI state was guilty of a systemic program, of mass extermination by means of gas chambers, of millions of Jews has been found. But Germans of the NAZI era, and even to today, are relentlessly presented in books, film and media as vile and sadistic. No matter their role in the Third Reich. A stigma now so ingrained it will never be changed. If what is told is factual what could be the mysterious cause to make the otherwise cultured German people to take up pitchforks and torches to hunt down the Jews of Europe? Let us peel back the few layers of the onion – the deeper we go the greater the stench.

FASCISM & DHARMA Shortly upon Hitler taking the leadership of the German government on January 30, 1933 he sought to declare the end of bank usury laws for the common folk. He wanted the nation and government to be free from the control and debt to international banking systems. Hitler’s solution was similar to Abraham Lincoln’s need to pay for his Civil War. Lincoln, needing money to finance his war effort, he went with his secretary of the treasury to New York to apply for the necessary loans. The money changers offered loans at 24% to 36%. Lincoln declined the offer. Lincoln's solution was to have Congress pass a bill authorizing the printing of full legal paper currency, the Greenbacks. The following quotations from Mein Kampf reflect his initial thoughts. From lecture by Dr. Gottfried Feder (1881-1941) “… the idea immediately came into my head that I had found a way to one of the most essential prerequisites for the founding of a new party… laying bare the fact that capital is ever and always dependent on the payment of interest…full of common sense that those who criticized him did not deny

that and found his ideas were sound, but they doubted whether it be possible to put these ideas into practice. To me this seemed the strongest point in Feder’s teaching,” Now flip and consider this’. Less than 2 months into Herr Hitler administration – The London Daily Express, Front Page Story, 3/24/1933. “All Jews worldwide -- declared war on the Third Reich."

FASCISM & DHARMA

--“The Israeli people around the world declare economic and financial war against Germany. Fourteen million Jews stand together as one man, to declare war against Germany. The Jewish wholesaler will forsake his firm, the banker his stock exchange, the merchant his commerce and the pauper his pitiful shed in order to join together in a holy war against Hitler's people. –“ These words from: Das Morgenthau-Tagebuch, The Morgenthau Dairy, p. 11. "Germany must be turned into a waste land, as happened there during the 30-year War." And this: Robert Edward Edmondson, page 188 and The Jewish War of Survival by Arnold Leese, page 52). “We Jews are going to bring a war on Germany. “

FASCISM & DHARMA “Or this from: Valadimir Jabotinsky, in Mascha Rjetsch, January, 1934 "The fight against Germany has now been waged for months by every Jewish community, on every conference, in all labor unions and by every single Jew in the world. There are reasons for the assumption that our share in this fight is of general importance. We shall start a spiritual and material war of the whole world against Germany. Germany is striving to become once again a great nation, and to recover her lost territories as well as her colonies. But our Jewish interests call for the complete destruction of Germany..."

Still more “We Jews are going to bring a war on Germany. “ - David A. Brown, National Chairman, United Jewish Campaign, 1934 (quoted in “I Testify Against the Jews” by Robert Edward Edmondson, page 188 and The Jewish War of Survival by Arnold Leese, page 52). - Emil Ludwig Cohn in Les Annales, June, 1934 (also quoted in his book “The New Holy Alliance”) “Hitler will have no war (does not want war), but we will force it on him, not this year, but soon.” Samuel Undermeyer, in a Radio Broadcast on WABC, New York, Aug 6, 1933. Reported in the New York Times, Aug 7, 1933 “ Each of you, Jew and Gentile alike, who has not already enlisted in this sacred war should do so now and here. It is not sufficient that you should buy no

FASCISM & DHARMA goods made in Germany. You must refuse to deal with any merchant or shopkeeper who sells any German-made goods or who patronizes German ships or shipping.... we will undermine the Hitler regime and bring the German people to their senses by destroying their export trade on which their very existence depends.” Samuel Untermeyer was a Jewish leader and close friend of presidents Wilson and Roosevelt. Bernard Baruch (Jew) was a presidential adviser to Wilson, Roosevelt and Truman. Another layer of the onion, shall we? Democrat President Woodrow Wilson 28th president of the United States, served in office from 1913 to 1921 and led America through World War I (1914-1918). An advocate for democracy and world peace, Wilson is often ranked by historians as one of the nation's greatest presidents. Yes, well, Historians tend to overlook flaws so as to be included in the circle of cocktail sycophants. So we’ll overlook Wilson’s overt racism, his blunders in Paris. His destruction of national order with his three words “National Self Determination”, the cause of mass deaths and disruption of the lives millions of Europeans. His capitulation to France’s Georges Clemenceau and England’s David Lloyd. George’s demand that Germany accept the responsibility for causing all the loss and damage during the war, thereby forcing Germany to take complete blame for the Great War. The Reparations imposed required Germany to pay an equivalent of 20 billion gold marks ($5 billion)

FASCISM & DHARMA in gold, commodities, ships, securities or other forms.

Wilson, Clemenceau, and Lloyd George’s reneging of the Treaty of London 1915, a secret pact between the Triple Entente and Italy, signed in London on 26 April 1915 by the United Kingdom, France, Russia, and the Kingdom of Italy. According to the pact, Italy was to leave the Triple Alliance and join the Triple Entente; Italy was to declare war against Germany and Austria-Hungary within a month. Its intent was to gain the alliance of Italy against its former allies, including Germany, in exchange for territorial concessions mostly from Austria, notably gaining control of the Dalmatian coast, Fiume and the Port of Trieste. President Wilson rejected Italy's claims on the basis of "national self-determination”. Italy’s Premier Vittorio Orlando lost his position as prime minister just a week before the treaty was scheduled to be signed, effectively ending his active political career. Anger and dismay over the treaty's provisions helped pave the way for the establishment of Benito Mussolini's dictatorship (governance) three years later. His reaction to the interception of the Zimmerman Telegram, sent by The Empire of Germany to Mexico, urging for a declaration of war against the United States. Which caused American to enter the War. Another peel of the onion reveals more on why American entered the First World War – A Jew by the name of Benjamin Freedman's 1961 speech at

FASCISM & DHARMA the Willard Hotel tells a story that the prestigious historian overlook. It is here presented in full. A Jewish Defector Warns America: Benjamin Freedman Speaks by Benjamin H. Freedman3 Mr. Freedman, born in 1890, was a successful Jewish businessman of New York City who was at one time the principal owner of the Woodbury Soap Company. He broke with organized Jewry after the Judeo-Communist victory of 1945, and spent the remainder of his life and the great preponderance of his considerable fortune, at least 2.5 million dollars, exposing the Jewish tyranny which has enveloped the United States. Mr. Freedman knew what he was talking about because he had been an insider at the highest levels of Jewish organizations and Jewish machinations to gain power over our nation. Mr. Freedman was personally acquainted with Bernard Baruch, Samuel Untermyer, Woodrow Wilson, Franklin Roosevelt, Joseph Kennedy, and John F. Kennedy, and many more movers and shakers of our times. What I intend to tell you tonight is something that you have never been able to learn from any other source, and what I tell you now concerns not only you, but your children and the survival of this country and Christianity. I'm not here just to dish up a few facts to send (raise) up your blood pressure, but I'm here to tell you things that will help you preserve what you consider the most sacred things in the world: the liberty, and the 3

Sweet liberty Israel freedman

FASCISM & DHARMA freedom, and the right to live as Christians, where you have a little dignity, and a little right to pursue the things that your conscience tells you are the right things, as Christians. Now, first of all, I'd like to tell you that on August 25th 1960 -- that was shortly before elections -Senator Kennedy, who is now the President of the United States, went to New York, and delivered an address to the Zionist Organization of America. In that address, to reduce it to its briefest form, he stated that he would use the armed forces of the United States to preserve the existence of the regime set up in Palestine by the Zionists who are now in occupation of that area. In other words, Christian boys are going to be yanked out of their homes, away from their families, and sent abroad to fight in Palestine against the Christian and Moslem Arabs who merely want to return to their homes. And these Christian boys are going to be asked to shoot to kill these innocent [Arab Palestinians] people who only want to follow out fifteen resolutions passed by the United Nations in the last twelve years calling upon the Zionists to allow these people to return to their homes. Now, when United States troops appear in the Middle East, to fight with the Zionists as their allies, to prevent the return of these people who were evicted from their homes in the 1948-armed insurrection. by the Zionists who were transplanted there from Eastern Europe... when that happens, the United States will trigger World War III. ***

FASCISM & DHARMA You say, when will that take place? The answer is, as soon as the difficulty between France and Algeria has been settled, that will take place. As soon as France and Algeria have been settled, that will take place. As soon as France and Algeria have settled their difficulty, and the Arab world, or the Moslem world, has no more war on their hands with France, they are going to move these people back into their homes, and when they do that and President Kennedy sends your sons to fight over there to help the crooks hold on to what they stole from innocent men, women and children, we will trigger World War III; and when that starts you can be sure we cannot emerge from that war a victor. We are going to lose that war because there is not one nation in the world that will let one of their sons fight with us for such a cause. I know and speak to these ambassadors in Washington and the United Nations -- and of the ninety-nine nations there, I've consulted with maybe seventy of them -- and when we go to war in Palestine to help the thieves retain possession of what they have stolen from these innocent people we're not going to have a man there to fight with us as our ally. And who will these people have supporting them, you ask. Well, four days after President Kennedy -- or he was then Senator Kennedy -- made that statement on August 28, 1960, the Arab nations called a meeting in Lebanon and there they decided to resurrect, or reactivate, the government of Palestine, which has been dormant, more or less, since the 1948-armed insurrection by the Zionists.

FASCISM & DHARMA Not only that... they ordered the creation of the Palestine Army, and they are now drilling maybe a half a million soldiers in that area of the world to lead these people back to their homeland. With them, they have as their allies all the nations of what is termed the “Bandung Conference Group”. That includes the Soviet Union and every Soviet Union satellite. It includes Red China; it includes every independent country in Asia and Africa; or eighty percent of the world's total population. Eighty percent of the world's population. Four out of five human beings on the face of the earth will be our enemies at war with us. And not alone are they four out of five human beings now on the face of this earth, but they are the non-Christian population of the world and they are the non-Caucasians... the non-white nations of the world, and that's what we face. And what is the reason? The reason is that here in the United States, the Zionists and their coreligionists have complete control of our government. For many reasons too many and too complex to go into here at this -- time I'll be glad to answer questions, however, to support that statement -- the Zionists and their co-religionists rule this United States as though they were the absolute monarchs of this country. Now, you say, 'well, that's a very broad statement to make', but let me show what happened while you were -- I don't want to wear that out --- let me show what happened while WE were all asleep. I'm including myself with you. We were all asleep. What happened?

FASCISM & DHARMA World War I broke out in the summer of 1914. Nineteen-hundred and fourteen was the year in which World War One broke out. There are few people here my age who remember that. Now that war was waged on one side by Great Britain, France, and Russia; and on the other side by Germany, AustriaHungary, and Turkey. What happened? Within two years Germany had won that war: not alone won it nominally, but won it actually. The German submarines, which were a surprise to the world, had swept all the convoys from the Atlantic Ocean, and Great Britain stood there without ammunition for her soldiers, stood there with one week's food supply facing her -- and after that, starvation. At that time, the French army had mutinied. They lost 600,000 of the flower of French youth in the defense of Verdun on the Somme. The Russian army was defecting. They were picking up their toys and going home, they didn't want to play war anymore, they didn't like the Czar. And the Italian army had collapsed. Now Germany -- not a shot had been fired on the German soil. Not an enemy soldier had crossed the border into Germany. And yet, here was Germany offering England peace terms. They offered England a negotiated peace on what the lawyers call a status quo ante basis. That means: “Let's call the war off, and let everything be as it was before the war started.”

FASCISM & DHARMA Well, England, in the summer of 1916 was considering that. Seriously! They had no choice. It was either accepting this negotiated peace that Germany was magnanimously offering them, or going on with the war and being totally defeated. While that was going on, the Zionists in Germany, who represented the Zionists from Eastern Europe, went to the British War Cabinet and -- I am going to be brief because this is a long story, but I have all the documents to prove any statement that I make if anyone here is curious, or doesn't believe what I'm saying is at all possible -the Zionists in London went to the British war cabinet and they said: “Look here. You can yet win this war. You don't have to give up. You don't have to accept the negotiated peace offered to you now by Germany. You can win this war if the United States will come in as your ally.” The United States was not in the war at that time. We were fresh; we were young; we were rich; we were powerful. They [Zionists] told England: “We will guarantee to bring the United States into the war as your ally, to fight with you on your side, if you will promise us Palestine after you win the war.” In other words, they made this deal : “We will get the United States into this war as your ally. The price you must pay us is Palestine after you have won the war and defeated Germany, AustriaHungary, and Turkey.” Now England had as much right to promise Palestine to anybody, as the United States would

FASCISM & DHARMA have to promise Japan to Ireland for any reason whatsoever. It's absolutely absurd that Great Britain -that never had any connection or any interest or any right in what is known as Palestine -- should offer it as coin of the realm to pay the Zionists for bringing the United States into the war. However, they made that promise, in October of 1916. October, nineteen hundred and sixteen. And shortly after that -- I don't know how many here remember it -- the United States, which was almost totally pro-German -- totally pro-German -- because the newspapers here were controlled by Jews, the bankers were Jews, all the media of mass communications in this country were controlled by Jews, and they were pro-German because their people, in the majority of cases came from Germany, and they wanted to see Germany lick the Czar. The Jews didn't like the Czar, and they didn't want Russia to win this war. So the German bankers -- the German-Jews -- Kuhn Loeb and the other big banking firms in the United States refused to finance France or England to the extent of one dollar. They stood aside and they said: “As long as France and England are tied up with Russia, not one cent!” But they poured money into Germany, they fought with Germany against Russia, trying to lick the Czarist regime. Now those same Jews, when they saw the possibility of getting Palestine, they went to England and they made this deal. At that time, everything changed, like the traffic light that changes from red too green. Where the newspapers

FASCISM & DHARMA had been all pro-German, where they'd been telling the people of the difficulties that Germany was having fighting Great Britain commercially and in other respects, all of a sudden the Germans were no good. They were villains. They were “Huns”. They were “shooting Red Cross nurses”. They were “cutting off babies' hands”. And they were no good. Well, shortly after that, Mr. Wilson declared war on Germany. The Zionists in London sent these cables to the United States, to Justice Brandeis: “Go to work on President Wilson. We're getting from England what we want. Now you go to work, and you go to work on President Wilson and get the United States into the war." And that did happen. That's how the United States got into the war. We had no more interest in it; we had no more right to be in it than we have to be on the moon tonight instead of in this room. Now the war -- World War One -- in which the United States participated had absolutely no reason to be our war. We went in there -- we were railroaded into it -- if I can be vulgar, we were suckered into -- that war was merely so that the Zionists of the world could obtain Palestine. Now, that is something that the people in the United States have never been told. They never knew why we went into World War One. Now, what happened? After we got into the war, the Zionists went to Great Britain and they said: “Well, we performed

FASCISM & DHARMA our part of the agreement. Let's have something in writing that shows that you are going to keep your bargain and give us Palestine after you win the war.” Because they didn't know whether the war would last another year or another ten years. So they started to work out a receipt. The receipt took the form of a letter, and it was worded in very cryptic language so that the world at large wouldn't know what it was all about. And that was called the “Balfour Declaration”. The Balfour Declaration was merely Great Britain's promise to pay the Zionists what they had agreed upon as a consideration for getting the United States into the war. So this great Balfour Declaration, that you hear so much about, is just as phony as a three-dollar bill. And I don't think I could make it more emphatic than that. Now, that is where all the trouble started. The United States went in the war. The United States crushed Germany. We went in there, and its history. You know what happened. Now, when the war was ended, and the Germans went to Paris, to the Paris Peace Conference in 1919, there were 117 Jews there, as a delegation representing the Jews, headed by Bernard Baruch. I was there: I ought to know. Now what happened? The Jews at that peace conference, when they were cutting up Germany and parceling out Europe to all these nations that claimed a right to a certain part of European territory, the Jews said, “How about

Palestine for us?” And they produced, for the first time to the knowledge of the Germans, this Balfour Declaration. So the Germans, for the first

FASCISM & DHARMA time realized, “Oh, that was the game! That's why the United States came into the war.” And the Germans for the first time realized that (why) they were defeated, they suffered this terrific reparation that was slapped onto them, because the Zionists wanted Palestine and they were determined to get it at any cost. Now, that brings us to another very interesting point. When the Germans realized this, they naturally resented it. Up to that time, the Jews had never been better off in any country in the world than they had been in Germany. You had Mr. Rathenau there, who was maybe 100 times as important in industry and finance as is Bernard Baruch in this country. You had Mr. Balin, who owned the two big steamship lines, the North German Lloyd's and the Hamburg-American Lines. You had Mr. Bleichroder, who was the banker for the Hohenzollern family. You had the Warburgs in Hamburg, who were the big merchant bankers -- the biggest in the world. The Jews were doing very well in Germany. No question about that. Now, the Germans felt: “Well, that was quite a sellout.” (what about the Rothschild?) It was a sellout that I can best compare -- suppose the United States was at war today with the Soviet Union. And we were winning. And we told the Soviet Union: “Well, let's quit. We offer you peace terms. Let's forget the whole thing.” And all of a sudden Red China came into the war as an ally of the Soviet Union. And throwing them into the war brought about our defeat. A crushing defeat, with

FASCISM & DHARMA reparations the likes of which man's imagination cannot encompass. Imagine, then, after that defeat, if we found out that it was the Chinese in this country, our Chinese citizens, who all the time we thought they were loyal citizens working with us, were selling us out to the Soviet Union and that it was through them that Red China was brought into the war against us. How would we feel, in the United States against Chinese? I don't think that one of them would dare show his face on any street. There wouldn't be lampposts enough, convenient, to take care of them. Imagine how we would feel. Well, that's how the Germans felt towards these Jews. "We've been so nice to them"; and from 1905 on, when the first Communist revolution in Russia failed, and the Jews had to scramble out of Russia, they all went to Germany. And Germany gave them refuge. And they were treated very nicely. And here they sold Germany down the river for no reason at all other than they wanted Palestine as a socalled “Jewish commonwealth.” Now, Nahum Sokolow -- all the great leaders, the big names that you read about in connection with Zionism today -- they, in 1919, 1920, '21, '22, and '23, they wrote in all their papers -- and the press was

filled with their statements -- that "the feeling against the Jews in Germany is due to the fact that they realized that this great defeat was brought about by our intercession and bringing the United States into the war against them." The Jews themselves admitted that.

FASCISM & DHARMA It wasn't that the Germans in 1919 said that “a glass of Jewish blood tasted better than Coca-Cola or Muenschner Beer”. There was no religious feeling. There was no sentiment against those people merely on account of their religious belief. It was all political. It was economic. It was anything but religious. Nobody cared in Germany whether a Jew went home and pulled down the shades and said “Shema' Yisrael” or “Our Father.” No one cared in Germany any more than they do in the United States. Now this feeling that developed later in Germany was due to one thing: that the Germans held the Jews responsible for their crushing defeat, for no reason at all, because World War One was started against Germany for no reason for which they [Germans] were responsible. They were guilty of nothing. Only of being successful. They built up a big navy. They built up world trade. You must remember, Germany, at the time of Napoleon, at the time of the French Revolution, what was the German Reich consisted of 300 -- three hundred! -- small city-states, principalities, dukedoms, and so forth. Three hundred little separate political entities. And between that time, between the period of. . . between Napoleon and Bismarck, they were consolidated into one state. And within 50 years after that time they became one of the world's great powers. Their navy was rivalling Great Britain's, they were doing business all over the world, they could undersell anybody and make better products. And what happened? What happened as a result of that?

FASCISM & DHARMA There was a conspiracy between England, France, and Russia that: "We must slap down Germany", because there isn't one historian in the world that can find a valid reason why those three countries decided to wipe Germany off the map politically. Now, what happened after that? When Germany realized that the Jews were responsible for her defeat, they naturally resented it. But not a hair on the head of any Jew was harmed. Not a single hair. Professor Tansill, of Georgetown University, who had access to all the secret papers of the State Department, wrote in his book, and quoted from a State Department document written by Hugo Schoenfelt, a Jew who Cordell Hull sent to Europe in 1933 to investigate the so-called camps of political prisoners. And he wrote back that he found them in very fine condition. “ They were in excellent shape; everybody treated well. And they were filled with Communists. Well, a lot of them were Jews, because the Jews happened to be maybe 98 per cent of the Communists in Europe at that time. And there were some priests there, and ministers, and labor leaders, Masons, and others who had international affiliations. Now, the Jews sort of tried to keep the lid on this fact. They didn't want the world to really understand that they had sold out Germany, and that the Germans resented that.

So they did take appropriate action against them [against the Jews]. They. . . shall I say, discriminated against them wherever they could? They shunned them. The same as we would the

FASCISM & DHARMA Chinese, or the Negroes, or the Catholics, or anyone in this country who had sold us out to an enemy and brought about our defeat. Now, after a while, the Jews of the world didn't know what to do, so they called a meeting in Amsterdam. Jews from every country in the world attended in July 1933. And they said to Germany: “You fire Hitler! And you put every Jew back into his former position, whether he was a Communist, no matter what he was. You can't treat us that way! And we, the Jews of the world, are calling upon you, and serving this ultimatum upon you.” Well, the Germans told them. . . you can imagine. So what did they [the Jews] do? They broke up, and Samuel Untermyer, if the name means anything to people here. . . (You want to ask a question? --- Uh, there were no Communists in Germany at that time. they were called 'Social Democrats”.) Well, I don't want to go by what they were called. We're now using English words, and what they were called in Germany is not very material. . . but they were Communists, because in 1917, the Communists took over Germany for a few days. Rosa Luxembourg and Karl Liebknecht, and a group of Jews in Germany took over the government for three days. In fact, when the Kaiser ended the war, he fled to Holland because he thought the Communists were going to take over Germany as they did Russia, and that he was going to meet the same fate that the Czar did in Russia. So he left and went to Holland for safety and for security.

FASCISM & DHARMA Now, at that time, when the Communist threat in Germany was quashed, it was quiet, the Jews were working, still trying to get back into their former -their status -- and the Germans fought them in every way they could, without hurting a hair on anyone's head. The same as one group, the Prohibitionists, fought the people who were interested in liquor, and they didn't fight one another with pistols, they did it every (other) way they could. Well, that's the way they were fighting the Jews in Germany. And, at that time, mind you, there were 80 to 90 million Germans and there were only 460,000 Jews. . . less than one half of one percent of Germany were Jews. And yet, they controlled all of the press, they controlled most of the economy, because they had come in and with cheap money -- you know the way the Mark was devalued -- they bought up practically everything. Well, in 1933 when Germany refused to surrender, mind you, to the World Conference of Jews in Amsterdam, they broke up and Mr. Untermeyer came back to the United States -- who was the head of the American delegation and the president of the whole conference -- and he went from the steamer to ABC and made a radio broadcast throughout the United States in which he said:

"The Jews of the world now declare a Holy War against Germany. We are now engaged in a sacred conflict against the Germans. And we are going to starve them into surrender. We are going to use a world-wide boycott against them, that will

FASCISM & DHARMA destroy them because they are dependent upon their export business." And it is a fact that two thirds of Germany's food supply had to be imported, and it could only be imported with the proceeds of what they exported. Their labor. So if Germany could not export, two thirds of Germany's population would have to starve. There just was not enough food for more than one third of the population. Now in this declaration, which I have here, it was printed on page -- a whole page -- in the New York Times on August 7, 1933, Mr. Samuel Untermyer boldly stated that: “this economic boycott is our means of self-defense. President Roosevelt has advocated its use in the NRA”. [National Recovery Administration] -- which some of you may remember, where everybody was to be boycotted unless they followed the rules laid down by the New Deal, which of course was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court at that time. Nevertheless, the Jews of the world declared a boycott against Germany, and it was so effective that you couldn't find one thing in any store anywhere in the world with the words "made in Germany" on it. In fact, an executive of the Woolworth Company told me that they had to dump millions of dollars’ worth of crockery and dishes into the river; that their stores were boycotted. If anyone came in and found a dish marked "made in Germany," they were picketed with signs: "Hitler”, “murderer", and so

FASCISM & DHARMA forth, and similar to these sit-ins that are taking place in the South. R. H. Macy, which is controlled by a family called Strauss who also happen to be Jews. . . a woman found stockings there which came from Chemnitz, marked "made in Germany". Well, they were cotton stockings. They may have been there 20 years, because since I've been observing women's legs in the last twenty years, I haven't seen a pair with cotton stockings on them. So Macy! I saw Macy boycotted, with hundreds of people walking around with signs saying "MURDERERS” and "HITLERITES", and so forth. Now up to that time, not one hair on the head of any Jew had been hurt in Germany. There was no suffering, there was no starvation, there was no murder, there was nothing. Now, that. . . naturally, the Germans said, "Why and who are these people declaring a boycott against us throwing all our people out of work, and our industries come to a standstill? Who are they to do that to us?" They naturally resented it. Certainly they painted swastikas on stores owned by Jews.

Why should a German go in and give their money to a storekeeper who was part of a boycott, who was going to starve Germany into surrender into the Jews of the world, who were going to dictate who their premier or chancellor was to be? Well, it was ridiculous. That continued for some time, and it wasn't until 1938, when a young Jew from Poland walked into the German embassy in Paris and shot one of the

FASCISM & DHARMA officials [a German official] that the Germans really started to get rough with the Jews in Germany. And you found them then breaking windows and having street fights and so forth. Now, for anyone to say that -- I don't like to use the word 'anti-Semitism' because it's meaningless, but it still means something to you, so I'll have to use it -- the only reason that there was any feeling in Germany against Jews was that they were responsible: number one, for World War One; number two, for this world-wide boycott, and number three -- did I say for World War One, they were responsible? For the boycott -- and also for World War II, because after this thing got out of hand, it was absolutely necessary for the Jews and Germany to lock horns in a war to see which one was going to survive. In the meanwhile, I had lived in Germany, and I knew that the Germans had decided [that] Europe is going to be Christian or Communist: there is no in between. It's going to be Christian or it's going to be Communist. And the Germans decided: "We're going to keep it Christian if possible". And they started to re-arm. And their intention was -- by that time the United States had recognized the Soviet Union, which they did in November, 1933 -- the Soviet Union was becoming very powerful, and Germany realized: "Well, our turn is going to come soon, unless we are strong." The same as we in this country are saying today, "Our turn is going to come soon, unless we are strong."

FASCISM & DHARMA And our government is spending 83 or 84 billion dollars of your money for defense, they say. Defense against whom? Defense against 40,000 little Jews in Moscow that took over Russia, and then, in their devious ways, took over control of many other governments of the world? Now, for this country to now be on the verge of a Third World War, from which we cannot emerge a victor, is something that staggers my imagination. I know that nuclear bombs are measured in terms of megatons. A megaton is a term used to describe one million tons of TNT. One million tons of TNT is a megaton. Now, our nuclear bombs have a capacity of 10 megatons, or 10 million tons of TNT. That was when they were first developed five or six years ago. Now, the nuclear bombs that are being developed have a capacity of 200 megatons, and God knows how many megatons the nuclear bombs of the Soviet Union have.

So, what do we face now? If we trigger a world war that may develop into a nuclear war, humanity is finished. And why will it take place? It will take place because Act III. . . the curtain goes up on Act III. Act I was World War I. Act II was World War II. Act III is going to be World War III. The Jews of the world, the Zionists and their coreligionists everywhere, are determined that they are going to again use the United States to help them permanently retain Palestine as their foothold for their world government. Now, that is just as true as I am standing here, because not alone have I read it, but many here have read it, and it's known all over the world.

FASCISM & DHARMA Now, what are we going to do? The life you save may be your son's. Your boys may be on their way to that war tonight; and you don't know it any more than you knew that in 1916 in London the Zionists made a deal with the British War Cabinet to send your sons to war in Europe. Did you know it at that time? Not a person in the United States knew it. You weren't permitted to know it. Who knew it? President Wilson knew it. Colonel House knew it. Other 's knew it. Did I know it? I had a pretty good idea of what was going on: I was liaison to Henry Morgenthau, Sr., in the 1912 campaign when President Wilson was elected, and there was talk around the office there. I was 'confidential man' to Henry Morgenthau, Sr., who was chairman of the Finance Committee, and I was liaison between him and Rollo Wells, the treasurer. So I sat in these meetings with President Wilson at the head of the table, and all the others, and I heard them drum into President Wilson's brain the graduated income tax and what has become the Federal Reserve, and also indoctrinate him with the Zionist movement. Justice Brandeis and President Wilson were just as close as the two fingers on this hand, and President Woodrow Wilson was just as incompetent when it came to determining what was going on as a newborn baby. And that's how they got us into World War I, while we all slept. Now, at this moment... at this moment they may be planning this World War III, in which we don't stand a chance even if they don't use nuclear bombs.

FASCISM & DHARMA How can the United States -- about five percent of the world -- go out and fight eighty to ninety percent of the world on their home ground? How can we do it... send our boys over there to be slaughtered? For what? So the Jews can have Palestine as their 'commonwealth'? They've fooled you so much that you don't know whether you're coming or going. Now any judge, when he charges a jury, says, "Gentlemen, any witness that you find has told a single lie, you can disregard all his testimony." That is correct. I don't know from what state you come, but in New York state that is the way a judge addresses a jury. If that witness said one lie, disregard his testimony.

Now, what are the facts about the Jews? The Jews -- I call them Jews to you, because they are known as Jews. I don't call them Jews. I refer to them as so-called Jews, because I know what they are. If Jesus was a Jew, there isn't a Jew in the world today, and if those people are Jews, certainly our Lord and Savior was not one of them, and I can prove that. Now what happened? The eastern European Jews, who form 92 per cent of the world's population of those people who call themselves Jews, were originally Khazars. They were a warlike tribe that lived deep in the heart of Asia. And they were so warlike that even the Asiatics drove them out of Asia into eastern Europe -- and to reduce this so you don't get too confused about the history of Eastern Europe -- they

FASCISM & DHARMA set up this big Khazar kingdom: 800,000 square miles. Only, there was no Russia, there were no other countries, and the Khazar kingdom was the biggest country in all Europe -- so big and so powerful that when the other monarchs wanted to go to war, the Khazars would lend them 40,000 soldiers. That's how big and powerful they were. Now, they were phallic worshippers, which is filthy. I don't want to go into the details of that now. It was their religion the way it was the religion of many other Pagans or Barbarians elsewhere in the world. Now, the [Khazar] king became so disgusted with the degeneracy of his kingdom that he decided to adopt a so-called monotheistic faith -- either Christianity, Islam -- the Moslem faith -- or what is known today as Judaism -- really Talmudism. So, like spinning a top and calling out "eeny, meeny, miney, moe,” he picked out so-called Judaism. And that became the state religion. He sent down to the Talmudic schools of Pumbedita and Sura and brought up thousands of these rabbis with their teachings, and opened up synagogues and schools in his kingdom of 800,000 people -800,000 thousand square miles (Alaska is 550 thousand square miles) -- and maybe ten to twenty million people; and they became what we call Jews. There wasn't one of them that had an ancestor that ever put a toe in the Holy Land, not only in Old Testament history, but back to the beginning of time. Not one of them! And yet they come to the Christians and they ask us to support their armed insurrection in Palestine by saying:

FASCISM & DHARMA "Well, you want to certainly help repatriate God’s chosen people to their Promised Land, their ancestral homeland, It’s your Christian duty. We gave you one of our boys as your Lord and Savior. You now go to church on Sunday, and kneel and you worship a Jew, and we're Jews." Well, they were pagan Khazars who were converted just the same as the Irish [were converted]. And it's just as ridiculous to call them "people of the Holy Land," as it would be. . . there are

54 million Chinese Moslems. Fifty-four million! And, Mohammed only died in 620 A.D., so in that time, 54 million Chinese have accepted Islam as their religious belief. Now imagine, in China, 2,000 miles away from Arabia, where the city of Mecca is located, where Mohammed was born. . . imagine if the 54 million Chinese called themselves ‘Arabs'. Imagine! Why, you'd say they're lunatics? Anyone who believes that those 54 million Chinese are Arabs must be crazy. All they did was adopt as a religious faith; a belief that had its origin in Mecca, in Arabia. The same as the Irish. When the Irish became Christians, nobody dumped them in the ocean and imported from the Holy Land a new crop of inhabitants that were Christians. They weren't different people. They were the same people, but they had accepted Christianity as a religious faith. Now, these Pagans, these Asiatic, these TurkoFinns. . . they were a Mongoloid race who were forced out of Asia into eastern Europe. They likewise, because their king took the faith --

FASCISM & DHARMA Talmudic faith -- they had no choice. Just the same as in Spain: If the king was Catholic, everybody had to be a Catholic. If not, you had to get out of Spain. So everybody -- they lived on the land just like the trees and the bushes; a human being belonged to the land under their feudal system -- so they [Khazars] all became what we call today, Jews! Now imagine how silly it was for the Christians. . . for the great Christian countries of the world to say, "We're going to use our power, our prestige to repatriate God's chosen people to their ancestral homeland, their Promised Land." Now, could there be a bigger lie than that? Could there be a bigger lie than that? And because they control the newspapers, the magazines, the radio, the television, the book publishing business, they have the ministers in the pulpit, they have the politicians on the soap boxes talking the same language . . . so naturally you'd believe black is white if you heard it often enough. You wouldn't call black “black” anymore -- you'd start to call black white. And nobody could blame you. Now, that is one of the great lies. . . that is the foundation of all the misery that has befallen the world. Because after two wars fought in Europe -- World War I and World War II -- if it wasn't possible for them to live in peace and harmony with the people in Europe, like their brethren are living in the United States, what were the two wars fought for? Did they have to -- like you flush the toilet -

FASCISM & DHARMA because they couldn't get along, did they have to say, "Well, we're going back to our homeland and you Christians can help us"? I can't understand yet how the Christians in Europe could have been that dumb because every theologian, every history teacher, knew the things that I'm telling you. But, they naturally bribed them,

shut them up with money, stuffed their mouths with money, and now. . . I don't care whether you know all this or not. It doesn't make any difference to me whether you know all these facts or not, but it does make a difference to me. I've got, in my family, boys that will have to be in the next war, and I don't want them to go and fight and die... like they died in Korea. Like they died in Japan. Like they've died all over the world. For what? To help crooks hold on to what they stole from innocent people who had been in peaceful possession of that land, those farms, those homes for hundreds and maybe thousands of years? Is that why the United States must go to war? Because the Democratic Party wants New York State -- the electoral vote? Illinois, the electoral vote? And Pennsylvania, the electoral vote?... which are controlled by the Zionists and their co-religionists? . . . the balance of power? In New York City there are 400,000 members of the liberal party, all Zionists and their co religionists. And New York State went for Kennedy by 400,000 votes. Now, I don't blame Mr. Kennedy. I'm fond of Mr. Kennedy. I think he's a great man. I think he can really pull us out of this

FASCISM & DHARMA trouble if we get the facts to him. And I believe he knows a great deal more than his appointments indicate he knows. He's playing with the enemy. Like when you go fishing, you've got to play with the fish. Let 'em out and pull 'em in. Let 'em out and pull 'em in. But knowing Mr. Kennedy's father, and how well informed he is on this whole subject, and how close Kennedy is to his father, I don't think Mr. Kennedy is totally in the dark. But I do think that it is the duty of every mother, every loyal Christian, every person that regards the defense of this country as a sacred right, that they communicate -- not with their congressman, not with their senator, but with President Kennedy. And tell him, "I do not think you should send my boy, or our boys, wearing the uniform of the United States of America, and under the flag that you see here, our red, white and blue, to fight there to help keep in the hands of these that which they have stolen". I think everyone should not alone write once, but keep writing and get your friends to write. Now, I could go on endlessly, and tell you these things to support what I have just asked you to do. But I don't think it's necessary to do that. You're above the average group in intelligence and I don't think it's necessary to impress this anymore. But. . . I want to tell you one more thing. You talk about... "Oh, the Jews. Why the Jews? Christianity. Why, we got Christianity from the Jews and the Jews gave us Jesus, and the Jews gave us our religion". But do you know that on the day of atonement that you think is so sacred to them, that on that day... and I was one of them! This is

FASCISM & DHARMA not hearsay. I'm not here to be a rabble-rouser. I'm here to give you facts.

When, on the Day of Atonement, you walk into a synagogue, the very first prayer that you recite, you stand -- and it's the only prayer for which you stand -- and you repeat three times a short prayer. The Kol Nidre. In that prayer, you enter into an agreement with God Almighty that any oath, vow, or pledge that you may make during the next twelve months -any oath, vow or pledge that you may take during the next twelve months shall be null and void. The oath shall not be an oath; the vow shall not be a vow; the pledge shall not be a pledge. They shall have no force and effect, and so forth and so on. And further than that, the Talmud teaches: "Don't forget -- whenever you take an oath, vow, and pledge - remember the Kol Nidre prayer that you recited on the Day of Atonement, and that exempts you from fulfilling that". How much can you depend on their loyalty? You can depend upon their loyalty as much as the Germans depended upon it in 1916. And we're going to suffer the same fate as Germany suffered, and for the same reason. You can't depend upon something as insecure as the leadership that is not obliged to respect an oath, vow or pledge. Now I could go on and recite many other things to you, but I would have a little respect for your time, and you want to really, uh, get

FASCISM & DHARMA through with all of this. Tomorrow's going to be a long day. Now I want to say one thing. You ask me. . . well, you think to yourself: "well how did this fellow get mixed up in this the way he got mixed up in it." Well, I opened my mouth in 1945, and I took big pages in newspapers and tried to tell the American people what I'm telling you. And one newspaper after another refused the advertisement. And when I couldn't find a newspaper to take them -- I paid cash, not credit -- what happened? My lawyer told me, "There's an editor over in Jersey with a paper who will take your announcement". So, I was brought together with Mr. McGinley, and that's how I met him. So somebody told me the lawyer who introduced me, who was the son of the Dean of the Methodist Bishop, he said: "Well, I think he's a little antiSemitic. I don't know whether I can get him over here. So he brought him over to my apartment and we hit it off wonderfully, and have since then. Now, I say this, and I say it without any qualifications. I say it without any reservations. And I say it without any hesitation. . . if it wasn't for the work that Mr. Conley McGinley did with "Common Sense" -- he's been sending out from 1,800,000 to 2,000,000 every year -- if it wasn't for the work he's been doing sending those out for fifteen years now, we would already be a communist country. Nobody has done what he did to light fires. Many of the other active persons in this fight learned all about if for the first time through "Common Sense".

FASCISM & DHARMA Now, I have been very active in helping him all I could. I'm not as flush as I was. I cannot go on spending the money. . . I'm not going to take up a collection. Don't worry. I see five people getting up to leave. (laughter) I haven't got the money that I used to spend. I used to print a quarter of a million of them out of my own pocket and send them out. Mr. McGinley, when I first met him, had maybe 5,000 printed and circulated them locally. So I said, "With what you know and what I know, we can really do a good job". So I started printing in outside shops of big newspaper companies, a quarter of a million, and paid for them. Well, there's always a bottom to the barrel. I suppose we've all reached that at times. I'm not so poor that I can't live without working and that's what worries the Anti-Defamation League. I can just get by without going and asking for a job or getting on the bread line. But Mr. McGinley is working. He's sick and he's going at this stronger than ever. And all I want to say is that they want to close up "Common Sense" more than any other single thing in the whole world, as a death-blow to the fight Christians are making to survive. So I just want to tell you this. All they do is circulate rumors: "Mr. Benjamin H. Freedman is the wealthy backer of 'Common Sense'." The reason they do that is to discourage the people in the United States: don't send any money to Common Sense. They don't need it. They have got the wealthy Mr. Freedman as a backer. That all has strategy. They don't want to advertise me so that

FASCISM & DHARMA people that have real estate or securities to sell will come and call on me. They just want people to lay off "Common Sense". And all I'm telling you is, I do try to help him, but I haven't been able to. And I will be very honest. One thing I won't do is lie. In the last year I've had so much sickness in my family that I could not give him one dollar. How he's managed to survive, I don't know. God alone knows. And he must be in God's care because how he's pulled through his sickness and with his financial troubles, I don't know. But that press is working. . . and every two weeks about a hundred or a hundred-fifty-thousands of "Common Sense" go out with a new message. And if that information could be multiplied. . . if people that now get it could buy ten or twenty-five, or fifty, give them around. Plow that field. Sow those seeds, you don't know which will take root, but for God's sake, this is our last chance. [Freedman then discusses the importance of people forgoing unnecessary purchases to 'buy more stuff', play golf, etc., and use the money to keep "Common Sense" going. He explains that the paper is going in debt; could be closed down and he (Freedman) no longer has the funds, having spent some $2,400,000 in his attempt to bring the information to the American public and elected officials. He then asks for questions from the audience.) {Question inaudible] Freedman: All right, I'll comment on that. This is rather deep, but you all have a very high degree of

FASCISM & DHARMA intelligence, so I'm going to make an attempt. In the time of Bible history, there was a geographic area known as Judea. Judea was a province of the Roman Empire. Now, a person who lived in Judea was known as a Judean, and in Latin it was Judaeus; in Greek it was Judaius. Those are the two words, in Greek and Latin, for a Judean. Now, in Latin and Greek there is no such letter as 'j', and the first syllable of Judaeus and Judaius starts 'ghu'. Now, when the Bible was written, it was first written in Greek, Latin, Panantic, Syriac, Aramaic... all those languages. Never Was the word Jew in any of them because the word didn't exist. Judea was the country, and the people were Judeans, and Jesus was referred to only as a Judean. I've seen those early... the earliest scripts available. In 1345, a man by the name of Wycliffe in England thought that it was time to translate the Bible into English. There was no English edition of the Bible because who the Devil could read? It was only the educated church people who could read Latin and Greek, Syriac, Aramaic and the other languages. Anyhow, Wycliffe translated the Bible into English. But in it, he had to look around for some words for Judaeas and Judaius. There was no English word because Judea had passed out of existence. There was no Judea. People had long ago forgotten that. So in the first translation he used the word, in referring to Jesus, as 'gyu', "jew". At the time, there was no printing press.

FASCISM & DHARMA Then, between 1345 and the 17th century, when the press came into use, that word passed through so many changes... I have them all here. If you want I can read them to you. I will. That word 'gyu' which was in the Wycliffe Bible became. . . first it was ' gyu ‘, then ' giu ‘, then ' iu ' (because the ' i ' in Latin is pronounced like the ' j '. Julius Caesar is ' Iul ' because there is no 'j' in Latin) then ' iuw ‘, then ' ieuu ‘, then ' ieuy ‘, then ' iwe ‘, then ' iow ‘, then ' iewe ', all in Bibles as time went on. Then ' ieue ', then ' iue ‘, then ' ive ‘, and then ' ivw ', and finally in the 18th century... ' jew '. Jew. All the corrupt and contracted forms for Judaius, and Judaeas in Latin. Now, there was no such thing as 'Jew', and any theologian -- I've lectured in maybe 20 of the most prominent theological seminaries in this country, and two in Europe -there was no such word as Jew. There only was Judea, and Jesus was a Judean and the first English use of a word in an English bible to describe him was 'gyu’ -- Jew. A contracted and shortened form of Judaeus, just the same as we call a laboratory a 'lab', and gasoline 'gas'... a tendency too short up. So, in England there were no public schools; people didn't know how to read; it looked like a scrambled alphabet so they made a short word out of it. Now for a theologian to say that you can't harm the Jews, is just ridiculous. I'd like to know where in the scriptures it says that. I'd like to know the text. Look at what happened to Germany for touching Jews. What would you, as a citizen of the United States, do to people who did to you what the so

FASCISM & DHARMA called Jews -- the Pollacks and Litvaks and Litzianers -- they weren't Jews, as I just explained to you. They were Eastern Europeans who'd been converted to Talmudism. There was no such thing as Judaism. Judaism was a name given in recent years to this religion known in Bible history as Torah [inaudible]. No Jew or no educated person ever heard of Judaism. It didn't exist. They pulled it out of the air. . . a meaningless word. Just like 'anti-Semitic'. The Arab is a Semite. And the Christians talk about people who don't like Jews as anti-Semites, and they call all the Arabs anti-Semites. The only Semites in the world are the Arabs. There isn't one Jew who's a Semite. They're all Turkothean Mongoloids. The Eastern european Jews. So, they brainwashed the public, and if you will invite me to meet this reverend who told you these things, I'll convince him and it'll be one step in the right direction. I'll go wherever I have to go to meet him. Yes, ma'am. Well... I can answer that. First of all, your first premise is wrong. Your first premise that all the Jews are loyal to each other is wrong. Because, the Eastern European Jews outnumber all the rest by so many that they create the impression that they are the Jewish 'race'; that they are the Jewish nation; that they are the Jewish people. . . and the Christians swallow it like a cream puff. But in 1844 the German rabbis called a conference of rabbis from all over the world for the purpose of abolishing the Kol Nidre from the Day of Atonement religious ceremony. In Brunswick,

FASCISM & DHARMA Germany, where that conference was held in 1844, there was almost a terrific riot. A civil war. The Eastern Europeans said, "What the hell. We should give up Kol Nidre? That gives us our grip on our people. We give them a franchise so they can tell the Christians, 'Go to hell. We'll make any deal you want', but they don't have to carry it out. That gives us our grip on our people". So, they're not so united, and if you knew the feeling that exists. . . Now, I'll also show you from an official document by the man responsible for. . . uh, who baptized this race. Here is a paper that we obtained from the archives of the Zionist organization in New York City, and in it is the manuscript by Sir James A. Malcolm, who -- on behalf of the British Cabinet -negotiated the deal with these Zionists. And in here he says that all the Jews in England were against it. The Jews who had been there for years, the [inaudible - probably Sephardim], those who had Portuguese and Spanish and Dutch ancestry... who were monotheists and believed in that religious belief. That was while the Eastern European Jews were still running around in the heart of Asia and then came into Europe. But they had no more to do with them than. . . can we talk about a Christian 'race'? or a Christian religion?... or are the Christians united? So the same disunity is among the Jews. And I'll show you in this same document that when they went to France to try and get the French government to back that Zionist venture, there was

FASCISM & DHARMA only one Jew in France who was for it. That was Rothschild, and they did it because they were interested in the oil and the Suez Canal [Question inaudible] Freedman: You know why? Because if they don't, they're decked up. They come around and they tell you how much you must give, and if you don't . . . oh, you're anti-Semitic. Then none of their friends will have anything to do with them, and they start a smear campaign. . . and you have got to give. In New York city, in the garment center, there are twelve manufacturers in the building. And when the drive is on to sell Israel Bonds, the United Jewish Drive, they put a big scoreboard with the names of the firms and opposite them, as you make the amount they put you down for, they put a gold star after the name. Then, the buyers are told, "When you come into that building to call on someone and they haven't got a gold star, tell them that you won't buy from them until they have the gold star". BLACKMAIL. I don't know what else you can call it. Then what do they do? They tell you it's for 'humanitarian purposes' and they send maybe $8 billion dollars to Israel, tax exempt, tax deductible. So if they hadn't sent that eight billion dollars to Israel, seven billion of it would have gone into the U.S. Treasury as income tax. So what happens? That seven billion dollars’ deficit -- that air pocket - the gullible Christians have to make up. They put a bigger tax on gas or bread or corporation tax. Somebody has to pay the

FASCISM & DHARMA housekeeping expenses for the government. So why do you let these people send their money over there to buy guns to drive people out of their ancient homeland? And you say, "Oh, well. The poor Jews. They have no place to go and they've been persecuted all their lives". They've never been persecuted for their religion. And I wish I had two rows of Rabbis here to challenge me. Never once, in all of history, have they been persecuted for their religion. Do you know why the Jews were driven out of England? King Edward the First in 1285 drove them out, and they never came back until the Cromwell Revolution which was financed by the Rothschild’s. For four-hundred years there wasn't a Jew. But do you know why they were driven out? Because in the Christian faith and the Moslem faith it's a sin to charge 'rent' for the use of money. In other words - what we call interest [usury] is a sin. So the Jews had a monopoly in England and they charged so much interest, and when the Lords and Dukes couldn't pay, they [Jews] foreclosed. And they were creating so much trouble that the king of England finally made himself their partner, because when they came to foreclose, some of these dukes bumped off the Jews. . . the money-lenders. So the king finally said -- and this is all in history, look up Tianson [Tennyson?] or Rourke, the History of the Jews in England; two books you can find in your

library. When the king found out what the trouble was all about, and how much money they were making, he declared himself a fifty-percent partner of the money lenders. Edward the First. And for

FASCISM & DHARMA many years, one-third of the revenues of the British Treasury came from the fifty-percent interest in money-lending by the Jews. But it got worse and worse. So much worse that when the Lords and Dukes kept killing the moneylenders, the King then said, "I declare myself the heir of all the money-lenders. If they're killed you have to pay me, because I'm his sole heir". That made so much trouble, because the King had to go out and collect the money with an army, so he told the Jews to get out. There were 15,000 of them, and they had to get out, and they went across to Ireland, and that's how Ireland got to be part of the United Kingdom. When King Edward found out what they were doing, he decided to take Ireland for himself before someone else did. He sent Robert Southgard with a mercenary army and conquered Ireland. So, show me one time where a Jew was persecuted in any country because of his religion. It has never happened. It's always their impact on the political, social, or economic customs and traditions of the community in which they settle. [Question inaudible] Freedman: Yes, sir. Well, they say most of those things themselves. It was unnecessary for Benjamin Franklin to say it. Most of those things they say themselves. But Benjamin Franklin observed, and by hearsay understood, what was happening in Europe. When Russia, in 920 was formed, and gradually surrounded the Khazar Kingdom, and absorbed

FASCISM & DHARMA them, most of the well-to-do Khazars fled to Western Europe and brought with them the very things to which you and I object and a lot of other people object; The customs, the habits, the instincts with which they were endowed. When Benjamin Franklin referred to them as Jews because that's the name that they went by, and when the Christians first heard that these people who were fleeing from Russia -- who they were -- that they had practiced this Talmudic faith -- the Christians in Western Europe said, "They must be the remnants of the lost ten tribes!" And Mr. Grutz, the greatest historian amongst the Jews, said that -- and he's probably as good an authority on that subject as there is. So when Ben Franklin came to Europe in the 18th century, he already saw the results of what these people had done after they left their homeland. And every word of it is true... they say it themselves. I can give you half a dozen books they've written in which they say the same thing: When they have money they become tyrants. And when they become defeated, they become

ruthless. They're only barbarians. They're the descendants of Asiatic Mongols and they will do anything to accomplish their purpose. What right did they have to take over Russia the way they did? The Czar had abdicated nine or ten months before that. There was no need for them. . . they were going to have a constitutional monarchy. But they didn't want that. When the constitutional monarchy was to assemble in November, they

FASCISM & DHARMA mowed them all down and established the Soviet Union. There was no need for that. But they thought, "Now is the time", and if you will look in the Encyclopedia Britannica under the word 'Bolshevism', you'll find the five laws there that Lenin put down for a successful revolution. One of them is, "Wait for the right time, and then give them everything you've got". It would pay you to read that. You'd also find that Mr. Harold Blacktree, who wrote the article for the Encyclopedia Britannica states that the Jews conceived and created and cultivated the Communist movement. And that their energy made them the spearhead of the movement. Harold Black- tree wrote it and no one knew more about Communism than he. And the Encyclopedia Britannica for 25 years has been printing it. [Question inaudible] Freedman: Well, I can't advocate that you do anything that's criminal, but I can tell you this. You can start what I call an endless chain. If you can get your friends to write, objectively, here is the statement: Mr. Kennedy's office gave me this himself. Mr. Smith, who succeeded Mr. Kennedy, took over his office -- was in his office -- and gave me this. He delivered this on the 25th, and it says here: "For release to AM (that means morning papers), August 25th". "Israel is here to stay. It is a national commitment, special obligation of the Democratic Party. The White House must take the lead.

FASCISM & DHARMA American intervention. We will act promptly and decisively against any nation in the Middle East which attacks its neighbor. I propose that we make clear to both Israel and the Arab states our guarantee that we will act with whatever force and speed are necessary to halt any aggression by any nation". Well, do you call the return of people to their homeland [the Arab Palestinians] aggression? Is Mr. Kennedy going to do that? Suppose three million Mexicans came into Texas and drove the six million Texans into the deserts of Arizona and New Mexico. Suppose these Mexicans were slipped in there armed -- the Texans were disarmed -- and one night they drove them all out of Texas and declared themselves the Republic of the Alamo. What would the United States say? Would we say it's aggression for these Texans to try to get their homes back from the Mexican thieves? Suppose the Negroes in Alabama were secretly armed by the Soviets and overnight they rose up and drove all the whites into the swamps of Mississippi and Georgia and Florida. . . drove them out

completely, and declared themselves the Republic of Ham, or the Republic of something-orother. Would we call it aggression if these people, the whites of Alabama, tried to go back to their homes? Would we. . . what would we think if the Soviet Union said, "No, those Negroes now occupy them! Leave them there!", or "No, those Mexicans are in Texas. they declared themselves a sovereign state.

FASCISM & DHARMA Leave them there. You have plenty of room in Utah and Nevada. Settle somewhere else". Would we call it aggression if the Alabama whites or the Texans wanted to go back to their homes? So now, you've got to write to President Kennedy and say, "We do not consider it aggression in the sense that you use the word, if these people want to return to their homes as the United Nations -- fifteen times in the last twelve years -- called upon the Zionists in occupation of Palestine to allow the Arab Palestinians to return to their former homes and farms". in 1961 at the Willard Hotel in Washington, D.C., on behalf of Conde McGinley's patriotic newspaper of that time, Common Sense. Chapter 4 The Rothchild’s

Beatrice de Rothschild's villa on the Côte d'Azur, France

FASCISM & DHARMA T\he Rothschild family is a wealthy family descending from Mayer Amschel Rothschild, a court Jew, to the German Landgraves of HesseKassel, in the Free City of Frankfurt, who established his banking business in the 1760s. Unlike most previous court Jews, Rothschild managed to bequeath his wealth, and established an international banking family through his five sons, who established themselves in London, Paris, Frankfurt, Vienna and Naples. The brothers coordinated Rothschild activities across the continent, and the family developed a network of agents, shippers and couriers to transport gold across war-torn Europe. The family network was also to provide Nathan Rothschild time and again with political and financial information ahead of his peers,

giving him an advantage in the markets and rendering the house of Rothschild still more invaluable to the British government. During the 19th century, the Rothschild family possessed the largest private fortune in the world, as well as the largest private fortune in modern world history. The family's wealth was divided among various descendants. Today, Rothschild business encompass a diverse range of fields, including financial services, real estate, mining, energy, mixed farming, wine and charities. Another essential part of Mayer Rothschild's strategy for future success was to keep control of their banks in family hands, allowing them to maintain full secrecy about the size of their fortunes. In about 1906, the Jewish Encyclopedia noted: "The practice initiated by the Rothschild’s of

FASCISM & DHARMA having several brothers of a firm establish branches in the different financial centers was followed by other Jewish financiers, like the Bischoffsheims, Pereires, Seligmans, Lazards and others, and these financier’s financial skill obtained credit not alone with their Jewish confrères, but with the banking fraternity in general. By this means Jewish financiers obtained an increasing share of international finance during the middle and last quarter of the 19th century. The head of the whole group was the Rothschild family. Unlike the court Jews of earlier centuries, who had financed and managed European noble houses, but often lost their wealth through violence or expropriation, the new kind of international bank created by the Rothschild was impervious to local attacks. Their assets were held in financial instruments, circulating through the world as stocks, bonds and debts. Changes made by the Rothschild allowed them to insulate their property from local violence: "Henceforth their real wealth was beyond the reach of the mob, almost beyond the reach of greedy monarchs." Napoleonic Wars The Rothschild already possessed a significant fortune before the start of the Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815), and the family had gained preeminence in the bullion trade by this time. From London in 1813 to 1815, Nathan Mayer Rothschild was instrumental in almost single-handedly financing the British war effort, organizing the shipment of bullion to the Duke of Wellington's armies across Europe, as well as arranging the

FASCISM & DHARMA payment of British financial subsidies to their continental allies. In 1815 alone, the Rothschild provided £9.8 million (in 1815 currency, about £566 million, €717 million or US $869 million today, when using the retail price index, and £6.58 billion, €8,34 billion or US$10.1 billion when using average earnings) in subsidy loans to Britain’s continental allies. The Power of the Rothschild Family

" Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely. Great men are almost always bad men." (Lord Acton 1834-1902) Rothschild family banking businesses pioneered international high finance during the industrialization of Europe and were instrumental in supporting railway systems across the world and in complex government financing for projects such as the Suez Canal. During the 19th century, the family bought up a large proportion of the property in Mayfair, London. The Rothschild family was directly involved in the independence of Brazil from Portugal in the early 19th century. Upon an agreement, the Brazilian government should pay a compensation of two million pounds sterling to the Kingdom of Portugal to accept Brazil's independence. N.M. Rothschild & Sons was pre-eminent in raising this capital for the government of the newly formed Empire of Brazil on the London market. In 1825, Nathan Rothschild raised £2,000,000, and was discreetly involved in the earlier tranche of this loan which raised £1,000,000 in 1824. Part of the price of Portuguese

FASCISM & DHARMA recognition of Brazilian independence, secured in 1825, was that Brazil should take over repayment of the principal and interest on a £1,500,000 loan made to the Portuguese government in 1823 by N M Rothschild & Sons. Major 19th century businesses founded with Rothschild family capital include: Alliance Assurance (1824) (now Royal & Sun Alliance); Chemin de Fer du Nord (1845) The Rio Tinto mining company (1873) (from the 1880s onwards, the Rothschild’s had full control of Rio Tinto) Eramet (1880) Imerys (1880) De Beers (1888) The family funded Cecil Rhodes in the creation of the African colony of Rhodesia. From the late 1880s onwards, the family took over control of the Rio Tinto mining company. The Japanese government approached the London and Paris families for funding during the RussoJapanese War the London consortium's issue of Japanese war bonds would total £11.5 million (at 1907 currency rates; £1.03 billion in 2012 currency terms). The name of Rothschild became synonymous with extravagance and great wealth, and the family was renowned for its art collection, for its palaces, as

FASCISM & DHARMA well as for its philanthropy. By the end of the century, the family owned, or had built, at the lowest estimates, over 41 palaces, of a scale and luxury perhaps unparalleled even by the richest royal families. The soon to be British Prime Minister Lloyd George claimed, in 1909, that Lord Nathan Rothschild was the most powerful man in Britain. In 1901, with no male heir, the Frankfurt House closed its doors after more than a century in business. It was not until 1989 that the family returned, when N. M. Rothschild & Sons, the British investment arm, plus Bank Rothschild AG, the Swiss branch, set up a representative banking office in Frankfurt. Niles' Weekly Register, Volume 49 had the following to say about the Rothschild’s influence on international high finance in 1836; "The Rothschild are the wonders of modern banking … we see the descendants of Judah, after a persecution of two thousand years, peering above kings, rising higher than emperors, and holding a whole continent in the hollow of their hands. The Rothschild s govern a Christian world. Not a cabinet moves without their advice. They stretch their hand, with equal ease, from Petersburgh to Vienna, from Vienna to Paris, from Paris to London, from London to Washington. Baron Rothschild, the head of the house, is the true king of Judah, the prince of the captivity, the Messiah so long looked for by this extraordinary people. He holds the keys of peace or war, blessing or cursing. … They are the brokers and counselors of the kings

FASCISM & DHARMA of Europe and of the republican chiefs of America. What more can they desire?" Since the 1880's the Rothschild Family financed wars across the world. The Great wars were financed by them. In one way or the other, both the axis powers and the allies were financed by the Rothschild Family. They financed the Russian Revolution and Lenin to overthrow the Russian Monarch to centralize the banking system to London. The Napoleonic wars were financed by the Rothschild. From the American Revolution to the French Revolution. From the American civil war to the Spanish civil war the Rothschild family were involved. The Rothchild’s and the Russian Revolution In 1905, while Russia was engaged in the RussoJapanese War, the Communists tried to get the farmers to revolt against the Czar, but they refused. Many of the leaders, including Lenin and Trotsky were exiled. After this aborted attempt, the Czar deposited $400,000,000 in the Chase Bank, National City Bank, Guaranty Trust Bank, the Hanover Trust Bank, and Manufacturers Trust Bank, and $80,000,000 in the Rothschild Bank in Paris, because he knew who was behind the growing revolutionary movement, and hoped to end it. Vladimir Putin declared that 85% of the Bolsheviks were Jews. The Rothschild through Milner, planned the Russian Revolution, and along with Schiff (who gave $20 million), Sir George Buchanan, the Warburgs, the Rockefeller, the partners of J.P.

FASCISM & DHARMA Morgan (who gave at least $1 million), Olaf Aschberg (of the Nye Bank of Stockholm, Sweden), the Rhine Westphalian Syndicate, a financier named Jovotovsky (whose daughter later married Leon Trotsky), William Boyce Thompson (a director of Chase National Bank who contributed $1 million), and Albert H. Wiggin (President of Chase National Bank), helped finance the Russian revolution. The Rockefeller had given their financial support to the Bolshevik, after the Czar refused to give them access to the Russian oil fields, which were already being pumped by the Royal Dutch Co. (owned by the Rothschild and the Nobel brothers) and giving Standard Oil plenty of competition on the international market. Even though John D. Rockefeller possessed $15,000,000 in bonds from the Royal Dutch Co. and Shell, rather than purchase stock to get his foot in the door and indirectly profit, he helped to finance the Revolution so that he would be able to get Standard Oil firmly established in the country of Russia. As the Congress of Vienna (1814) had shown, the Illuminati had never been able to control the affairs of Russia, so they had to get rid of the Czar so he couldn't interfere with their plans. Czar Nicolas II (who succeeded Alexander III, 1881-94) was dethroned in March, 1917, and the entire Romanov family were killed, after a series of riots, and a provincial government was set up by Prince George Lvov, a liberal progressive reformer who wanted to set up a democracy. He made an effort to strengthen the Russian Army to prevent any future revolts but ended up resigning which allowed Kerensky, a democratic Socialist, to take

FASCISM & DHARMA over and form a coalition government. He kept the war with Germany going, and issued an amnesty order for the Communists who had been exiles after the aborted Red Revolution in 1905. Nearly 250,000 revolutionaries returned to Russia. (Lenin, Trotsky and the Bolshevik revolution). The brutal cold blooded murder of Czar Nicolas and his family sent shock waves across Europe. One of Europe's oldest royal family were brutally killed in a basement by the Rothschild financed Bolsheviks. The Russians pulled the trigger but the Jews murdered the Russian Czars in cold blood. The murder of the Romanov family shook the very foundations of Europe. Not since the French Revolution has Europe witnessed such a fall as that of the Russian Czars. The collective shock was later replaced by the collective horror of the 40 million Russians who died under the Communist rule of Stalin. To this day European and American Jews hold Communism as a “gift” to mankind. It is worthy to note that over a 100 million have died under Communism, 99% of them are not Jews. The murder of this royal family was orchestrated by the Rothschild who gave full support to the Bolshevik and to Lenin. In October, 1917, the Bolshevik Revolution began. Grand Duke Nicholas said: "It is on God himself that the Bolsheviks are waging war." The Russian Revolution ended the rule of the European Monarchs and their link to God. In the case of the British Empire I quote Nathan Rothschild “I care not what puppet is placed upon the throne of England to rule the Empire on which the sun never sets. The man who controls Britain's

FASCISM & DHARMA money supplies controls the British Empire, and I control the British money supply” (Nathan Rothschild (1777-1836) The Rothschild Family and the Rockefeller family were instrumental in forming the United Nations. The Rothschild Family has full control of the European Union and a major power within the US Federal Reserve. (please see list of central banks owned/controlled by the Rothschild family in the appendix). Forbes magazine poses lower ranking billionaires like Bill Gates and Warren Buffett as the richest men in the World. Retired management consultant Gaylon Ross Sr, author of Who's Who of the Global Elite, has been tipped from a private source that the combined wealth of the Rockefeller family in 1998 was approx (US) $11 trillion and the Rothschild family group is around(U.S.) $100 trillion to 300 trillion dollars in net worth. There is no definitive figure but they are multi Trillioniares. Rothschild family and the British Empire England is in fact a financial oligarchy run by the "Crown" which refers to the "City of London" not the Queen. The City of London is run by the Bank of England, a private corporation. The square-milelarge City is a sovereign state located in the heart of greater London. As the "Vatican of the financial world," the City is not subject to British law. London has two mayors, one for the city of London and one for the financial center that is controlled by the Rothschild family.

FASCISM & DHARMA On the contrary, the bankers dictate to the British Parliament. In 1886, Andrew Carnegie wrote that, "six or seven men can plunge the nation into war without consulting Parliament at all." Vincent Vickers, a director of the Bank of England from 1910-1919 blamed the City for the wars of the world. ("Economic Tribulation" (1940) cited in Knuth, The Empire of the City, 1943,) The British Empire was an extension of bankers' financial interests. Indeed, all the non-white colonies (India, Hong Kong, Gibraltar) were "Crown Colonies." They belonged to the City and were not subject to British law although Englishmen were expected to conquer and pay for them. “I care not what puppet is placed upon the throne o f England to rule the Empire on which the sun never sets. The man who controls Britain's money supplies controls the British Empire, and I control the British money supply” (Nathan Rothschild said (1777-1836) “Give me control over a nations c urrency, and I care not who makes its laws” – Baron M.A. Rothschild The Opium Wars against China The Opium “war” against China was under the Jewish family line of David Sassoon, the “Rothschild of the Far East”. David Sassoon wanted to trade cotton for Chinese Tea which at this time

the British had an “insatiable appetite”. The Chinese did not want the cotton but were willing to trade their tea for British Silver. This was unacceptable to

FASCISM & DHARMA Queen Victoria. However, Sassoon knew that the Chinese were susceptible to Opium and would trade their tea for this drug. David Sassoon expanded his opium trade using his eight sons to China and Japan. In order to boost trade David Sassoon forced the Indian farmers in Bengal to stop growing food and grow Opium instead. He became a member of the East India company, a firm owned and run by the Jews of London. The Opium business was so successful that it paid for all English wars from 1831 to 1905. By 1831 the Sassoon family trafficked 18, 956 chests of Opium. By 1836 it was 30 thousand chests. By 1880 the number of chests increased to 105 thousand 508, making the Sassoons the richest Jews after the Rothschild. Many of these Jews were the Chinese Jews of Kaifeng. The Sassoon family controlled 70% of the opium trade while the remaining 30% were controlled by other Jewish families namely the Hardoon, The Kadoorie, Arnold, Abraham, Ezra and Soloman, among others. The Opium trade was a Jewish Monopoly (The Jewish monopoly on Opium Still Fuels Chinese resentment today) (Jewish Encyclopedia) The inability of the Chinese Qing government to collect taxes led to a rebellion that eventually led to the death of 20 million Chinese between 1850 and 1864 (First Opium War). As early as 1770 the forced growing of Opium by the East India company led to the first Great Bengal famine that killed an estimated 10 million. That famine was followed by the second Bengal famine that killed an estimated 4 million. Millions of Indians continued

FASCISM & DHARMA to die between these two famines and after, due to the Opium trade. This Jewish business almost destroyed China including creating a Holocaust both in India and China (Great Bengal Famine) which were and still remain the two giants of Asia. The British Monarchy honored the Sassoon with privilege and Knighthood. ROTHSCHILD FAMILY AND THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION OF 1776 Before the revolution took place the 13 colonies issued their own money called the “Colonial Script”. The English bankers reacted by passing laws in the British Parliament prohibiting the American colonies from printing their own money. This included the Rothschild Family. The British bankers ordered only the use of gold and silver debt money that was provided in insufficient quantity by the British Bankers. In just one year the colonies went from prosperity to depression. This led to the American Revolution and not just a 3 cent tax. The Founding Fathers of the United States, bearing this in mind and to protect the new nation of America from the exploitation of international Bankers, expressly declared in the American Constitution (Article 1, section 8, paragraph 5) “Congress shall have the power to coin money and to regulate the value thereof”

But the bankers did not give up. Alexander Hamilton was named Secretary of Treasury under George Washington's cabinet, and advocated the establishment of a Federal bank owned by private interests. Hamilton believed only debt-money,

FASCISM & DHARMA issued by private banks would be accepted in dealing abroad. In 1791 the “Bank of the United States” was created with a 20-year charter. Owned by private banks and those who held her stocks it was not the “Bank of the US” but a privately held bank. Due to Thomas Jefferson and Andrew Jackson the charter was not renewed when it came up in 1811. Nathan Rothschild issued an ultimatum “either the application for the renewal of the charter is granted or the United States will find itself in a disastrous war”. Andrew Jackson replied “you are a den of thieves-vipers. I intend to rout you out and by the Eternal God, I will rout you out”. Nathan Rothschild issued orders “teach these impudent Americans a lesson. Bring them back to Colonial Status”. The British government launched the war of 1812 and even though the US won this war the charter was renewed in 1816. The intention of the Rothschild was to impoverish the US by this war that the US legislators would seek financial aid. Ultimately the Rothschild got what they wanted. (the history of banking control in the United States. Chapter 49) THE ROTHSCHILD FAMILY AND THE FRENCH REVOLUTION King Louis XVI supported the American Revolution and against the British and the Rothschild including monetary support totaling 1.8 billion livres. All this money was borrowed as debt from international Bankers. After losing the war of

FASCISM & DHARMA the American Revolution the Rothschild family including other international Bankers directed their collective anger against King Louis XVI. The Rothschild family financed and supported the French Revolution partly due to France supporting the American Revolution which they fought against. But other reasons included the elimination of the French nobility in the same manner and reason the Rothschild later on eliminated the Russian monarchy under the Russian Revolution. The overall goal was to centralize the banking systems under their control and eventually bring to an end the European rule of the Monarchs and their claim to the links of “King, Country, and God”. These revolutions in Europe were some of the first attempts to take control of the global financial system and to eliminate the concept of a sovereign state. This coordinated acts finally culminated in the 21st century where the Rothschild family controls the banks of the European Union, the American Federal Reserve, the United Nations, the World Bank the IMF (International Monetary Fund) and over 165 central banks across the globe.

Outside the Rothschild family the other bankers who financed the French Revolution and the downfall of the French Monarchy to the hold of the Catholic Church included Daniel Itzig (1722-1799), David Friedlander (1750-1834), Herz Cerfbeer (1730-1793), Benjamin Goldsmid (1755- 1808), Abraham Goldsmid (1756-1810), and Moses Mocatta (1768- 1857), partner the Goldsmid brothers, and uncle of Sir Moses Montefiore (The beasts of the Apocalypse)

FASCISM & DHARMA International Jewish Bankers and Fee Masons created an artificial crisis by buying and hoarding most of the grain and preventing grain laden ships from anchoring during crucial times. This became the catalyst for the French Revolution. The Rothschild family not only had a substantial control of the banks but a monopoly on the media before and during the French Revolution (the nameless war) When the head of King Louis XVI fell beneath the Guillotine, a man leaped unto the Scaffold. He dipped his hand in the monarch's blood, flung it out over the surrounding crowd and cried “Jacques de Molay thou are avenged”. Jacques de Molay was Grand master of the Knight Templar's (the predecessors of present day Free Masons) who in 1307 was persecuted under orders of Pope Clement and the French King Phillip IV. (The nameless war) When we begin to draw parallels between France of 1789, Britain of 1640, Russia of 1917, Germany and Hungary of 1918-19, and Spain of 1936, we shall feel that drama grip us with a new and personal sense of reality. (the nameless war chapter 2) THE ROTHSCHILD FAMILY AND THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR (1861 – 1865) The Rothschild family were heavily involved in financing both sides of the Civil war. President Lincoln put a damper on their activities when, in 1862 and 1863, he refused to pay the exorbitant rates of interest (24% to 36%) demanded by the Rothschild and issued constitutionally authorized,

FASCISM & DHARMA interest free “green back” United States Notes. 450 million dollars that were debt free. In the book “who killed Lincoln” by Bill O'Reilly this act led to the assassination of Lincoln by an agent who once worked for the Rothschild family. (“Descent into slavery” by Des Griffin). President Lincoln once remarked “I have two great enemies, the Southern army in front of me and the bankers in the rear. And of the two the bankers are my greatest foe”. THE ROTHSCHILD FAMILY AND THE GREAT WARS The Rothschild Family financed both sides of world war 1 and 2. Towards the end of World War 1 (1914 to 1918) Great Britain almost lost the war with Germany. The Rothschild family assured the British leaders that if they persuade America to join the war Great Britain would win. But in exchange the Rothschild family wanted the formation of Israel. The America Jewish Media changed the opinion of the Americans from being isolationists to joining the European war. In exchange Great Britain and France

signed the Sykes/Picot agreement, in 1916, that led to collapse of the Ottoman Empire and drew the modern lines of the Middle East. The Rothschild family funded the infrastructural development of the Petrochemical industries of the Middle East. Before world war two broke out the horrors of the Weimar Republic which beggared Germany contributed to the rise of German nationalism. The treaty of Versailles demanded reparations to the victorious nations in gold. These costs totaled three times the value of all the property in Germany.

FASCISM & DHARMA Hjalmar Schacht- the Rothschild agent who was currency commissioner for the German Republic, opposed letting the German Government print its own money. It was the privately owned Reich bank, not the German Government, that was pumping vast amounts of new money into the economy causing the hyperinflation of the Weimar Republic. (The Magic of Money by Schact) A wheelbarrow full of 100-million-mark bank notes could not buy a loaf of bread. The national treasury was empty. Countless homes and farms were lost to Jewish controlled banks. Germans lived in hovels while they starved. It is estimated over a million Germans died under the Weimar Republic. The Jews had a practice known as “Jubilee”. Within Judaism “Jubilee is to forgive a debt every seven years. Other versions include every fifty years. Generally Jewish owned banks in Germany would forgive debts to Jewish customers during the time of “Jubilee”. To recover the cost of interest of that loan the Jewish German bankers passed the extra interest to loans given to non-Jewish customers. This greatly contributed to Jewish businesses able to survive and even prosper during the Weimar Republic while German businesses would end up bankrupt. It was not the brilliance in business that the Jews succeeded so well in Germany but it was the ethnic rules that gave an unfair advantage to Jews over Gentiles during that horrible time in Germany under the Weimar Republic. In the 2nd world war the Rothschild family financed Swiss to American businesses that did business with

FASCISM & DHARMA the German industrialists which ushered in the full revival of Germany's economy and also her military until around 1933. This family was not directly involved with the Nazi Regime once it took power. This was especially true when Hitler banned usury laws in Germany. Then the (mostly Jewish) bankers declared war on Nazi Germany. Nazi Germany's currency was not backed by Gold (which was under the control of major international banks). Instead Hitler issued “Labor based Treasury Certificates”. It was essentially a receipt for labor and materials delivered to the government in Berlin. Hitler said “for every mark issued, we required the equivalent of a mark's worth of work done, or goods produced”. Within two years the unemployment problem was solved, and Germany was back on its feet. It had a solid stable currency with no debt, and no inflation. Within five years Germany went from Europe's poorest nation to her richest. (The Nameless war by Archibald Maule Ramsey 1952)

UNITED NATIONS & THE ROTHSCHILD The Rothschild family and the Rockefeller family help form the United Nations. The conflict of interest lies in that both families also own a good deal of the mining industry plus multinational corporations across the world. The United Nations cannot go against these corporations or violations done by the mining industry, without violating the trust of these families. THE ROTHSCHILD FAMILY AND THE U.S. FEDERAL RESERVE

FASCISM & DHARMA The Federal Reserve was formed in 1913.Eventually the 10 banks that control the 12 branches of the Federal Reserve Bank of America are controlled by the Rothschild family and the Rockefeller family. Both are Jewish families whose net worth are in the trillions. This privately owned company (controlled by the Rothschild, Rockefeller and Morgans prints the money FOR the US Government, which pays them interest for the "favor." This means that if we would reset the nation's debt today and would begin reprinting money, we would be in debt to the FED from the very first dollar loaned to our Government. THE ROTHSCHILD FAMILY AND THE EUROPEAN UNION. The Rothschild family has full control of the 28 central banks of the European Union. They are 28 out of 165 central banks across the world, that this family controls. Since the Rothschild family controls the European Union Banks they in effect control the European Union and all policies made by them. The Rothschild Family, the IMF and the world bank The World Bank/IMF is owned and controlled by NM Rothschild & Sons plus 30 to 40 of the wealthiest people in the world. The world's Mega banks There are two Mega banks that offer loans to all the countries around the planet, the World Bank and the IMF. The first one is jointly owned by the world's top banking families, with the Rothschild at the

FASCISM & DHARMA very top, while the second one is privately owned by the Rothschild alone. These two Mega banks offer loans to "developing countries" and use their almost impossible-to-payback interests to get their hands on the real wealth: land and precious metals.

But that's not all! An important part of their plan is to also exploit a country's natural resources (like petrol or gas) via their covertly-owned companies, refine them, and sell them back to the same country, making a huge profit. But in order for these companies to operate optimally, they need a solid infrastructure, which is usually lacking in the so called "developing countries." So before the bankers even offer the almost impossibleto-pay-back loans, they make sure that most of the money will be invested in infrastructure. The House of Rothschild is really at the top of the pyramid of power. They are behind the new World Order and the complete domination of the world agenda. They are behind the European Union and the Euro and they are behind the idea of a North American Union and the Amero (North American Monetary Union). They are controlling all of the world's secret services and their private army is NATO. (Complete List of BANKS Owned or Controlled by the Rothschild Family) So why spend so much space on this family especially regarding the European Union? Because if this is not spoken or generally written when the merits of the European Union are written, and now,

FASCISM & DHARMA for the reasons for leaving the European Union, are not clear. To know that one single family controls such a massive organization defines the European Union as an Oligarchy or a Plutocracy riddled with Nepotism. It is the furthest expression from a Democracy and comes closest to that of a Monarchy or an Empire with a real Emperor in charge. To know that the power of this family extends well beyond the European Union to include the United States including a good deal of the central banks of the world is reason enough to leave the EU. Some articles state that China's efforts to create the New Development bank of the BRICS group (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) is partly to break the strangle hold of this family on the World bank and the IMF. China has also created the AIIB (Asian Infrastructure and Investment Bank) and China is hoarding massive amounts of Gold. Currently China is the world's largest gold producer and consumer. (larger than South Africa and consumes more gold than India). Three nations have successfully broken the strangle hold of the Rothschild Family. ICELAND ARRESTS ALL ROTHSCHILD FAMILIES Back in 2008 Iceland had a catastrophic economic crisis. The banks of in Iceland defaulted on 85 billion dollars. Iceland's debt to income ratio was 240%. This led to riots including pelting the parliament with rocks. Prime Minister Geir Haarde was indicted on September 2009. Iceland's economy shrank by 6.8%. In addition, the three former executives of Iceland's largest three banks were

FASCISM & DHARMA arrested with over 2 hundred criminal charges against them. The government of Iceland did a unique thing by forgiving the debt on homeowners who had debts exceeding 110% of their home values and the debt was relieved for more than a quarter of the population. In the ensuing years of 2010 Iceland's

economy went up 2.9% and in 2011 2.4%. Now Iceland's economy is better than the European Union. Iceland has no interest in joining the European Union. (Iceland arrests all Rothschild bankers Bloomberg) HUNGARY ORDERED THE ROTHSCHILD BANK TO LEAVE THE COUNTRY In 2013 Budapest (Hungary) finally kicked out the International Monetary Fund (IMF) or the Mega bank owned by the Rothschild. Back on 2008 Hungary borrowed 20 billion Euro from the IMF to prevent herself from going insolvent. But the debtee/debter relationship was going badly. In 2013 Hungary kicked out the IMF (also known by some in Hungary as the “International Misery Fund” or the “International Mafia Federation”). At the end Hungary saved 11.7 million Euro in interest payments. RUSSIA'S DEBT TO THE IMF When Vladimir Putin was elected President, Russia was bankrupt. Russia owed the Rothschild run IMF 16.6 billion US dollars while its foreign debt to the Rothschild Paris and London Club of Creditors was over 36 billion US dollars. Due to the high price of Crude back in the early 21st century Putin paid of the debt to both entities of the Rothschild and

FASCISM & DHARMA greatly accelerated Russia's capacity to restore financial sovereignty. This was followed by a purge of Rothschild associated men of power, chief among them was the Russian billionaire Boris Berezovsky who was found murdered in the bathroom of his home. (Before it is News: Putin’s Purge of the Rothschild Money Changers from Russia: Another Rothschild Goon Found Dead & Another Flees to U.K.) Vladimir Putin is benevolent to the average Russian Jew but not to the elite power of the Jewish bankers like the Rothschild. (Moment. Putin's Jews) Mathew 21:12-13 “And making a whip of cords, he drove them all out of the temple, with the sheep and oxen. And he poured out the coins of the money-changers and overturned their tables. And he told those who sold the pigeons, "Take these things away; do not make my Father's house a house of trade." "And Jesus went into the temple of God, and cast out all them that sold and bought in the temple, and overthrew the tables of the moneychangers, and the seats of them that sold doves, and said unto them, It is written, My house shall be called the house of prayer; but ye have made it a den of thieves." Christ did this during Passover when he and the apostles entered Jerusalem. A short time later the Jews accuse and condemned Jesus Christ of Blasphemy against the Temple of Jerusalem. The Jews also took Christ to Pontius Pilate and accused him of going against Tiberius

FASCISM & DHARMA and Rome. This eventually led to the Crucifixion of Christ. Now 2 thousand years later the Rothschild Family controls the world banking system and money lending at a minimum. WHAT MADE THE ROTHSCHILD FAMILY SPECIAL From the 1760's when Mayor Amschel Rothschild was given a rare opportunity, in the city of Frankfurt to establish a banking system the Rothschild family rose to power. Unlike most wealthy families the Rothschild family were noted for their ability to work with one another. Mayor Amschel Rothschild and his five sons took what opportunities they had and managed the wealth. This tradition has not been broken by this family since the 18th century, creating one of the world's oldest line of unbroken wealth and power. The Rothschild family also included other Jewish bankers and eventually non Jewish bankers. The same pattern was seen in the Sassoon family (The Rothschild of the far east). It is reasonable to assume that internal family disputes were kept to a minimum for the greater interest of making money. Their goal was to make money and they let few things distract them from this objective. The Rothschild family are not a family of geniuses or inventors but good managers. The Jewish community has a long history of being persecuted, regardless if they are rich or poor. If the Rothschild remained an average family, the (Western) world would still have generally marginalized them. It is under these odds that this

FASCISM & DHARMA family rose to such power and wealth. The same can be said of the Rockefeller family and the Sassoon family. These are some of the most commendable aspects of these families. They put the interest of the family before anything else. I make this observation not only to credit these families but also as an example for each European nation who must put national interests before that of the interests of other issues. This is especially true of the elite who generally look out for themselves. Nationalism is most successful when there is very little internal division and a focused goal. The unity among the people of a nation in a common goal is essential If the nations of Europe want to regain their sovereignty. That is one aspect that the powers of the European Union will work against. Like the Rothschild family only a strong united mind set with a focused goal can overcome the power of the globalists who formed and administer the European Union.4 4

European Union – The Rape of Europea

FASCISM & DHARMA

A typical German solder -

FASCISM & DHARMA Chapter 5 Herr Hitler’s Plan to Save Germany “A man’s worth can be measured by the caliber of his enemies.”

We need to implement a nationwide public banking system. We should nationalize the fed and have it regulated under a fourth branch of government. Banking should not be a for profit enterprise to enrich the few elites. Banking should be a tool to facilitate the production of wealth for all and bankers should be public servants. The power to create money should not be given to unelected private individuals to serve their selfish interests but that power should be distributed and regulated so that it serves the best interests of the people through its elected representatives. We the people should have the power to elect our bankers who serve our will and help us direct resources and constructive energy towards the greater good. The past 500 years we gained spiritual and political self-determination by breaking free from tyrannical priests and kings. Now it is time for us to break free from economic tyrants and gain economic self-determination. By Dr. Ingrid R. Zundel on September 13, 20115 At the end of November 1918, Adolf Hitler returned to Munich and then proceeded to a military camp in Traunstein in south-eastern Bavaria. When the camp was disbanded in April 1919, he went back to Munich, which was still being ruled by a Soviet 5

Veterans Today Hitler and the-Banksters the Abolition of interest servitude/

FASCISM & DHARMA republic founded by a Polish Jew Kurt Eisner (real name Salamon Kosmanowsky). At the beginning of May, a few days after the communist revolution had been terminated on May 1, 1919 by the Bavarian Freikorps, Hitler was summoned as a member of the 2nd Infantry Regiment to attend a course on political instruction. The purpose of this course of lectures was to provide the soldiers with a background of politics, which would enable them to monitor the many revolutionary and political movements present in Munich at that time. One of the lecturers was a former construction engineer turned economist, Dr Gottfried Feder engineer turned economist, Dr Gottfried Feder 1941).(1) His first lecture was entitled “The Abolition of the InterestServitude”. Hitler was enthralled by what he heard, and this was to be a turning point in his political career. The following quotations from Mein Kampf reflect his initial thoughts. “For the first time in my life I heard a discussion which dealt with the principles of stock exchange capital and capital which was used for loan activities. After hearing the first lecture delivered by Feder, the idea immediately came into my head that I had found a way to one of the most essential prerequisites for the founding of a new party. To my mind, Feder’s merit consisted in the ruthless and trenchant way in which he described the double character of the capital engaged in stock exchange and loan transactions, laying bare the fact that this capital is ever and always dependent on the payment of interest. In fundamental questions his statements were so full of common sense that those who criticized him did not deny that au fond his ideas were sound, but they doubted whether it be

FASCISM & DHARMA possible to put these ideas into practice. To me this seemed the strongest point in Feder’s teaching, though others considered it a weak point. (2) And again,

…I understood immediately that here was a truth of transcendental importance for the future of the German people. The absolute separation of stock exchange capital from the economic life of the nation would make it possible to oppose the process of internationalization in German business without at the same time attacking capital at such, for to do this would be to jeopardize the foundations of our national independence. I clearly saw what was developing in Germany, and I realized then that the stiffest fight we would have to wage would not be against the enemy nations but against international capital. In Feder’s speech I found an effective rallying-cry for our coming struggle.” (3) Further, he wrote, “The struggle against international finance capital and loan capital has become one of the most important points in the program on which the German nation has based its fight for economic freedom and independence.” (4) A few weeks later Hitler received an instruction from his superiors to investigate a political association called the Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (German Workers Party). At this meeting held in the Sterneckerbrau Inn in Munich, about 20 to 25 persons were present. The main speaker was Dr Gottfried Feder. Shortly thereafter Hitler joined this party and received a provisional certificate of membership numbered seven. His first act on assuming control of the party was to rename it the Nationalsozialistiche Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (National Socialist German Workers Party).

FASCISM & DHARMA Feder, who was the principal drafter of the p arty’s 25 points, became the architect and theoretician of the program (5) until his unfortunate dismissal as Secretary of State for Economic Affairs in August 1934. Approximately 40 percent of Feder’s” The Program of the NSDAP” is devoted to economic and financial policies. Below are some of the highlights. Adolf Hitler prints its two main points in leaded type: “THE COMMON INTEREST BEFORE SELF - THE SPIRIT OF THE PROGRAM ABOLITION OF THE THRALLDOM OF INTEREST – THE CORE OF NATIONAL SOCIALISM.” “Once these two points are achieved, it means a victory of their approaching universalist ordering of society in the true state over the present-day separation of state, nation and economics under the corrupting influence of the individualist theory of society as now constructed. The sham state of today, oppressing the working classes and protecting the pirated gains of bankers and stock exchange speculators, is the area for reckless private enrichment and for the lowest political profiteering; it gives no thought to its people, and provides no high moral bond of union. The power of money, most ruthless of all powers, holds absolute control, and exercises corrupting, destroying influence on state, nation, society, morals, drama, literature and on all matters of morality, less easy to estimate. (6) “Break down the thralldom of interest” is our war cry.(7) What do we mean by thralldom of interest? The landowner is under this thralldom, who has to

FASCISM & DHARMA raise loans to finance his farming operations, loans at such high interest as almost to eat up the results of his labor, or who is forced to make debts and to drag the mortgages after him like so much weight of lead. So is the worker, producing in shops and factories for a pittance, whilst the shareholder draws dividends and bonuses which he has not worked for. So is the earning middle class, whose work goes almost entirely to pay the interest on bank overdrafts. (8) Thralldom of interest is the real expression for the antagonisms, capital versus labor, blood versus money, creative work versus exploitation. The necessity of breaking this thralldom is of such vast importance for our nation and our race, that on it alone depends our nation’s hope of rising up from its shame and slavery; in fact, the hope of recovering happiness, prosperity and civilization throughout the world. It is the pivot on which everything turns; it is far more than a mere necessity of financial policy. Whilst its principles and consequences bite deep into political and economic life, it is a leading question for economic study, and thus affects every single individual and demands a decision from each one: Service to the nation or unlimited private enrichment. It means a solution of the Social Question. (9) Our financial principle: Finance shall exist for the benefit of the state; the financial magnates shall not form a state within the state. Hence our aim to break the thralldom of interest.

FASCISM & DHARMA Relief of the state, and hence of the nation, from its indebtedness to the great financial houses, which lend on interest. Nationalization of the Reichsbank and the issuing houses, which lend on interest. Provision of money for all great public objects (waterpower, railroads etc.), not by means of loans, but by granting non-interest bearing state bonds or without using ready money. Introduction of a fixed standard of currency on a secured basis. Creation of a national bank of business development (currency reform) for granting noninterest bearing loans. Fundamental remodeling of the system of taxation on social-economic principles. Relief of the consumer from the burden of indirect taxation, and of the producer from crippling taxation (fiscal reform and relief from taxation). (10) Wanton printing of bank notes, without creating new values, means inflation. We all lived through it. But the correct conclusion is that an issue of noninterest bearing bonds by the state cannot produce inflation if new values are at the same time created.

The fact that today great economic enterprises cannot be set on foot without recourse to loans is sheer lunacy. Here is where reasonable use of the state’s right to produce money which might produce most beneficial results.” (11)

FASCISM & DHARMA Feder was appointed Secretary of State for Economic Affairs when the National Socialists came to power on January 30, 1933, but his efforts to implement official National Socialist economic policy were immediately frustrated by Dr. Hjalmar Schacht, who had been appointed President of the Reichsbank in March 1933. Schacht was an enigmatic character. Although he was born in Tingleff, Schleswig-Holstein in 1877, his family originally came from Hungary. In 1903 at the age of 26 he joined the Dresdner Bank, and in 1908 he became a Freemason. He was also a student of Hebrew (12) as he deemed that knowledge of this language was necessary if one wished to advance one’s career in banking. Schacht immediately set out to destroy Feder’s plans, which culminated in the latter’s removal from office in August 1934, after Schacht had been appointed head of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. This tragic dismissal may be partially attributed to Hitler’s lack of a deep understanding of financial and economic matters. He admitted as much when he first met Feder in 1919, ” Thus the judgement arrived at by Gottfried Feder determined me to make a fundamental study of a question with which I had hitherto not been very familiar.” (13) A somewhat attenuated version of monetary reform was introduced. In order to finance the state’s work and rearmament programs, two dummy corporations called Gesellschaft fuer Offentliche

FASCISM & DHARMA Arbeiten (Offa) and Metallforschung Gesellschaft (Mefo) were established. These corporations accepted bills of exchange from suppliers who fulfilled state orders. These bill of exchange were then discounted at the Reichsbank at a rate of 4 percent. They were issued for three months only, which was clearly unsatisfactory in view of the long-term nature of the various projects they were financing. They could, however, be extended at three monthly intervals for up to five years. In January 1939 matters came to a head when Schacht refused extension of RM3 billion worth of Offa and Mefo bills, because of fears of “inflation”. On January 7, 1939, he sent Hitler the following memorandum: “1) The Reich must spend only that amount covered by 2) Full financial control must be returned to the Ministry of Finance. (Then forced to pay for anything the army desired.)

3) Price and wage control must be rendered effective. The existing mismanagement must be eliminated. 4) The use of money and investment markets must be at the sole discretion of the Reichsbank. (This meant a practical elimination of Goering’s Four Year Plan)” (14) By these means Schacht intended to collapse the German economy, which during the period 1933-39 had increased its gross national product by 100 percent. From being a ruined and bankrupt nation in

FASCISM & DHARMA January 1933 with over six million unemployed persons, Hitler had transformed Germany into a socialist paradise and the most powerful and prosperous state in the history of Europe. He angrily rejected the recommendations of the Reichsbank, describing them as “mutiny”.(15) On January 19, 1939 he sacked the impudent lackey of international finance. (16) Without further ado he instructed the Reichsbank to issue all credits requested by the state. A form of Federgeld (Feder money) was now in circulation, although the bills of exchange still attracted nominal interest. A new Reichsbank law, which was promulgated on June 15, 1939, made the bank “UNCONDITIONALLY SUBORDINATED TO THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE STATE.”(17) Article 3 of the law decreed that the bank should be “directed and managed according to the instructions and under the supervision of the Fuehrer and Reich Chancellor.”(18) Hitler was now his own banker, but having departed from the fold of international swindlers and usurers he would, like Napoleon Bonaparte, suffer the same fate: an unnecessary war followed by the ruination of his people and country. Events quickly unraveled. On March 31, 1939, Poland received a blank check (19) from England, which unilaterally offered to guarantee her sovereignty; not only if Germany invaded Poland, but also if Poland invaded Germany! This merely served to stiffen Polish resistance to Hitler’s genuine desire to achieve a permanent solution of all outstanding issues emanating from the Treaty of Versailles.

FASCISM & DHARMA During the next five months the Polish government progressively intensified the oppression, harassment of and attacks on the 1.5 million ethnic Germans living in Poland. These attacks, in which over 58 000 German civilians were killed by Poles in an orgy of savagery, culminated in the Bromberg Massacre on September 3, 1939, in which 5 500 people were murdered. These provocations and atrocities were stoically ignored. (20) Eventually Hitler was forced to employ military intervention in order to protect the Germans in Poland. On August 30, 1939, in an act of great statesmanship, Hitler again offered to the Poles the Marienwerder proposals,(21) namely retention of the existing 1919 borders, the return of Danzig (97% German), the construction of a 60-mile autobahn and rail link connecting West and East Prussia (from Schoenlanke to Marienwerder) and an exchange of German and Polish populations. On the orders of the international bankers, the British Foreign Secretary, Lord Halifax, strongly advised the Poles NOT to negotiate. This is how and why World War II

was started. The ensuing forced war resulted in victory for the international financiers and defeat and slavery for all the people of Europe. Today the bankers reign supreme. The European Union with its commissars in Brussels and it’s so called “European” Central Bank headquartered in Frankfurt, (22) increasingly resembles the old Soviet Union. However, with the recent ongoing “sovereign” debt crisis and the collapse of the Euro, the plan for a united Europe anchored in perpetual debt enslavement has received a major setback and has indeed started to disintegrate.

FASCISM & DHARMA Notwithstanding the inability of Adolf Hitler to permanently liberate Europe, it behooves us to appreciate that what he achieved was not done in vain. It is incumbent on us to learn and understand the fundamentals of usury and to spread that knowledge relentlessly, until our material and spiritual liberties have been restored. End Notes 1.In 1917 Feder formed an organization called the Deutscher Kampfbund gegen Zinsknechtschaft (German Fighting League for the Breaking of Interest Slavery). 2.Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf, Hurst and Blackett, London, 1922, 122. 3.Ibid., 124. 4.Ibid., 124. 5.Gottfried Feder, The Program of the NSDAP, The National Socialist German Workers’ Party and its General Conceptions, translated by E.T.S. Dugdale, Fritz Eher Verlag, Munich, 1932. 6.Ibid., 21. 7.Ibid., 25. 8.Ibid., 26. 9.Ibid., 27. 10.Ibid., 30. 11.Ibid., 43. 12.Roger Elletson, Monetary Parapometrics: A Case Study of the Third Reich, Christian International Publications, Wilson, Wyoming, 1982, 16. 13.Hitler, op.cit., 125. 14.Edward N. Peterson, Hjalmar Schacht: For and Against Hitler, The Christopher Publishing House, 179.

FASCISM & DHARMA 15.David Marsh, The Bundesbank: The Bank That Rules Europe, William Heinemann Ltd. London, 1992, 119. 16.David Irving, The War Path: Hitler’s Germany 1933-1939, Macmillan, London, 1978, 172. Footnote: “Montagu Norman, governor of the Bank of England, told the U.S. ambassador in London that Schacht was his constant informer over 16 years about Germany’s precarious financial position (U.S. Ambassador Joseph Kennedy reported this to Washington on February 27, 1939.) In 1945, Norman tried to intercede for Schacht at Nuremberg

through a fellow Freemason on the British prosecuting team, Harry Phillimore (Schacht was also a Freemason). The U.S. team flatly rejected Phillimore’s advances, but the British judge, Birkett, successfully voted for an acquittal. 17.Marsh, op.cit., 128 18.Marsh, op.cit., note 40, 300. 19.This was a check that was guaranteed to bounce, as England was only prepared to come to Poland’s aid in the event of a German or Polish invasion, but not one from the Soviet Union. The Poles were unaware of this circumscription. The Soviets took by far the larger portion of Poland viz. 77 300 square miles, as opposed to the 49 800 square miles acquired by Germany. 20.David L. Hoggan, The Forced War: When Peaceful Revision Failed, Institute for Historical Review, Costa Mesa, California, 1989, Chap. 16, “The Terrified Germans of Poland”, 388-90 and The Lodz Riots, 4-7. 21.Das Letze Angebot (The Last Offer) in Verheimlichte Dokumente-Was den Deutschen Verheimlichte Dokumente-Was den Deutschen 4. It contains all 16 points.

FASCISM & DHARMA 22.Mayer Anselm Rothschild (1743-1812) founded his banking empire in Frankfurt. He infamously counseled his five sons, “Let me control a nation’s money and I care not who writes its laws.” [END ===================================== Chapter 6 The Transfer Agreement Follow the Money This was Hitler’s attempt to peacefully deal with Germany’s Jewish Question – In the midst of the Jewish Declaration of War on Germany, the sweeping, worldwide economic boycott of Germany by Jews the Nazis leadership join with German Zionists to negotiate essentially a Jewish homeland in Palestine. The book by author Edwin Black, “The Transfer Agreement: The Dramatic Story of the Pact Between the Third Reich and Jewish Palestine” deals in depth with this little know history. Here is condensed version from The Journal of Historical Review, July-August 1993 (Vol. 13, No. 4), pages 29-37. By Mark Weber studied history at the University of Illinois (Chicago), the University of Munich, Portland State University and Indiana University (M.A., 1977). In March 1988 he testified for five days in Toronto District Court as a recognized

FASCISM & DHARMA expert witness on Germany's wartime Jewish policy and the Holocaust issue.6

“ Early in 1935, a passenger ship bound for Haifa in Palestine left the German port of Bremerhaven. Its stern bore the Hebrew letters for its name, "Tel Aviv," while a swastika banner fluttered from the mast. And although the ship was Zionist-owned, its captain was a National Socialist Party member. Many years later a traveler aboard the ship recalled this symbolic combination as a "metaphysical absurdity."/1 Absurd or not, this is but one vignette from a little-known chapter of history: The wideranging collaboration between Zionism and Hitler's Third Reich. Common Aims Over the years, people in many different countries have wrestled with the "Jewish question": that is, what is the proper role of Jews in non-Jewish society? During the 1930s, Jewish Zionists and German National Socialists shared similar views on how to deal with this perplexing issue. They agreed that Jews and Germans were distinctly different nationalities, and that Jews did not belong in Germany. Jews living in the Reich were therefore to be regarded not as "Germans of the Jewish faith," but rather as members of a separate national community. Zionism (Jewish nationalism) also implied an obligation by Zionist Jews to resettle in Palestine, the "Jewish homeland." They could hardly regard themselves as sincere Zionists and 6

. INSTITUTE FOR HISTORICAL REVIEW

FASCISM & DHARMA simultaneously claim equal rights in Germany or any other "foreign" country. Theodor Herzl (1860-1904), the founder of modern Zionism, maintained that anti-Semitism is not an aberration, but a natural and completely understandable response by non-Jews to alien Jewish behavior and attitudes. The only solution, he argued, is for Jews to recognize reality and live in a separate state of their own. "The Jewish question exists wherever Jews live in noticeable numbers," he wrote in his most influential work, The Jewish State. "Where it does not exist, it is brought in by arriving Jews ... I believe I understand antiSemitism, which is a very complex phenomenon. I consider this development as a Jew, without hate or fear." The Jewish question, he maintained, is not social or religious. "It is a national question. To solve it we must, above all, make it an international political issue ..." Regardless of their citizenship, Herzl insisted, Jews constitute not merely a religious community, but a nationality, a people, a Volk. /2 Zionism, wrote Herzl, offered the world a welcome "final solution of the Jewish question."/3 Six months after Hitler came to power, the Zionist Federation of Germany (by far the largest Zionist group in the country) submitted a detailed memorandum to the new government that reviewed GermanJewish relations and formally offered Zionist support in "solving" the vexing "Jewish question." The first step, it suggested, had to be a frank recognition of fundamental national differences: /4

FASCISM & DHARMA Zionism has no illusions about the difficulty of the Jewish condition, which consists above all in an abnormal occupational pattern and in the fault of an intellectual and moral posture not rooted in one's

own tradition. Zionism recognized decades ago that as a result of the assimilationist trend, symptoms of deterioration were bound to appear ... Zionism believes that the rebirth of the national life of a people, which is now occurring in Germany through the emphasis on its Christian and national character, must also come about in the Jewish national group. For the Jewish people, too, national origin, religion, common destiny and a sense of its uniqueness must be of decisive importance in the shaping of its existence. This means that the egotistical individualism of the liberal era must be overcome and replaced with a sense of community and collective responsibility ... We believe it is precisely the new [National Socialist] Germany that can, through bold resoluteness in the handling of the Jewish question, take a decisive step toward overcoming a problem which, in truth, will have to be dealt with by most European peoples ... Our acknowledgment of Jewish nationality provides for a clear and sincere relationship to the German people and its national and racial realities. Precisely because we do not wish to falsify these fundamentals, because we, too, are against mixed marriage and are for maintaining the purity of the Jewish group and reject any trespasses in the cultural domain, we -- having been brought up in the German language and German culture -- can

FASCISM & DHARMA show an interest in the works and values of German culture with admiration and internal sympathy ... For its practical aims, Zionism hopes to be able to win the collaboration of even a government fundamentally hostile to Jews, because in dealing with the Jewish question not sentimentalities are involved but a real problem whose solution interests all peoples and at the present moment especially the German people ... Boycott propaganda -- such as is currently being carried on against Germany in many ways -- is in essence un-Zionist, because Zionism wants not to do battle but to convince and to build ... We are not blind to the fact that a Jewish question exists and will continue to exist. From the abnormal situation of the Jews severe disadvantages result for them, but also scarcely tolerable conditions for other peoples. The Federation's paper, the Jüdische Rundschau ("Jewish Review"), proclaimed the same message: "Zionism recognizes the existence of a Jewish problem and desires a far-reaching and constructive solution. For this purpose Zionism wishes to obtain the assistance of all peoples, whether pro- or antiJewish, because, in its view, we are dealing here with a concrete rather than a sentimental problem, the solution of which all peoples are interested."/5 A young Berlin rabbi, Joachim Prinz, who later settled in the United States and became head of the American Jewish Congress, wrote in his 1934 book, Wir Juden ("We Jews"), that the National Socialist revolution in Germany meant "Jewry for the Jews."

FASCISM & DHARMA He explained: "No subterfuge can save us now. In place of assimilation we desire a new concept: recognition of the Jewish nation and Jewish race." /6 Active Collaboration On this basis of their similar ideologies about ethnicity and nationhood, National Socialists and Zionists worked together for what each group believed was in its own national interest. As a result, the Hitler government vigorously supported Zionism and Jewish emigration to Palestine from 1933 until 1940-1941, when the Second World War prevented extensive collaboration. Even as the Third Reich became more entrenched, many German Jews, probably a majority, continued to regard themselves, often with considerable pride, as Germans first. Few were enthusiastic about pulling up roots to begin a new life in far-away Palestine. Nevertheless, more and more German Jews turned to Zionism during this period. Until late 1938, the Zionist movement flourished in Germany under Hitler. The circulation of the Zionist Federation's bi-weekly Jüdische Rundschau grew enormously. Numerous Zionist books were published. "Zionist work was in full swing" in Germany during those years, the Encyclopaedia Judaica notes. A Zionist convention held in Berlin in 1936 reflected "in its composition the vigorous party life of German Zionists."/7 The SS was particularly enthusiastic in its support for Zionism. An internal June 1934 SS position paper urged active and wide-ranging support for

FASCISM & DHARMA Zionism by the government and the Party as the best way to encourage emigration of Germany's Jews to Palestine. This would require increased Jewish self-awareness. Jewish schools, Jewish sports leagues, Jewish cultural organizations -- in short, everything that would encourage this new consciousness and self-awareness - should be promoted, the paper recommended. /8 SS officer Leopold von Mildenstein and Zionist Federation official Kurt Tuchler toured Palestine together for six months to assess Zionist development there. Based on his firsthand observations, von Mildenstein wrote a series of twelve illustrated articles for the important Berlin daily Der Angriff that appeared in late 1934 under the heading "A Nazi Travels to Palestine." The series expressed great admiration for the pioneering spirit and achievements of the Jewish settlers. Zionist self-development, von Mildenstein wrote, had produced a new kind of Jew. He praised Zionism as a great benefit for both the Jewish people and the entire world. A Jewish homeland in Palestine, he wrote in his concluding article, "pointed the way to curing a centuries-long wound on the body of the world: The Jewish question." Der Angriff issued a special medal, with a Swastika on one side and a Star of David on the other, to commemorate the joint SSZionist visit. A few months after the articles appeared, von Mildenstein was promoted to head the Jewish affairs department of the SS security service in order to support Zionist migration and development more effectively. /9

FASCISM & DHARMA The official SS newspaper, Das Schwarze Korps, proclaimed its support for Zionism in a May 1935 front-page editorial: "The time may not be too far off when Palestine will again be able to receive its sons who have been lost to it for more than a thousand years. Our good wishes, together with official goodwill, go with them."/10 Four months later, a similar article appeared in the SS paper: /11 The recognition of Jewry as a racial community based on blood and not on religion leads the German government to guarantee without reservation the racial separateness of this community. The government finds itself in complete agreement with the great spiritual movement within Jewry, the so-called Zionism, with its recognition of the solidarity of Jewry around the world and its rejection of all assimilationist notions. On this basis, Germany undertakes measures that will surely play a significant role in the future in the handling of the Jewish problem around the world. A leading German shipping line began direct passenger liner service from Hamburg to Haifa, Palestine, in October 1933 providing "strictly kosher food on its ships, under the supervision of the Hamburg rabbinate." /12 With official backing, Zionists worked tirelessly to "reeducate" Germany's Jews. As American historian Francis Nicosia put it in his 1985 survey, The Third Reich and the Palestine Question: "Zionists were encouraged to take their message to the Jewish community, to collect money, to show films on Palestine and generally to educate German Jews

FASCISM & DHARMA about Palestine. There was considerable pressure to teach Jews in Germany to cease identifying themselves as Germans and to awaken a new Jewish national identity in them." /13 In an interview after the war, the former head of the Zionist Federation of Germany, Dr. Hans Friedenthal, summed up the situation: "The Gestapo did everything in those days to promote emigration, particularly to Palestine. We often received their help when we required anything from other authorities regarding preparations for emigration." /14 At the September 1935 National Socialist Party Congress, the Reichstag adopted the so-called "Nuremberg laws" that prohibited marriages and sexual relations between Jews and Germans and, in effect, proclaimed the Jews an alien minority nationality. A few days later the Zionist Jüdische Rundschau editorially welcomed the new measures: /15 Germany ... is meeting the demands of the World Zionist Congress when it declares the Jews now living in Germany to be a national minority. Once the Jews have been stamped a national minority it is again possible to establish normal relations between the German nation and Jewry. The new laws give the Jewish minority in Germany its own cultural life, its own national life. In future it will be able to shape its own schools, its own theatre, and its own sports associations. In short, it can create its own future in all aspects of national life ...

FASCISM & DHARMA Germany has given the Jewish minority the opportunity to live for itself, and is offering state protection for this separate life of the Jewish minority: Jewry's process of growth into a nation will thereby be encouraged and a contribution will be made to the establishment of more tolerable relations between the two nations. Georg Kareski, the head of both the "Revisionist" Zionist State Organization and the Jewish Cultural League, and former head of the Berlin Jewish Community, declared in an interview with the Berlin daily Der Angriff at the end of 1935: /16 For many years I have regarded a complete separation of the cultural affairs of the two peoples [Jews and Germans] as a pre-condition for living together without conflict... I have long supported such a separation, provided it is founded on respect for the alien nationality. The Nuremberg Laws ... seem to me, apart from their legal provisions, to conform entirely with this desire for a separate life based on mutual respect... This interruption of the process of dissolution in many Jewish communities, which had been promoted through mixed marriages, is therefore, from a Jewish point of view, entirely welcome. Zionist leaders in other countries echoed these views. Stephen S. Wise, president of the American Jewish Congress and the World Jewish Congress, told a New York rally in June 1938: "I am not an American citizen of the Jewish faith, I am a Jew... Hitler was right in one thing. He calls the Jewish people a race and we are a race." /17

FASCISM & DHARMA The Interior Ministry's Jewish affairs specialist, Dr. Bernhard Lösener, expressed support for Zionism in an article that appeared in a November 1935 issue of the official Reichsverwaltungsblatt: /18 If the Jews already had their own state in which the majority of them were settled, then the Jewish question could be regarded as completely resolved today, also for the Jews themselves. The least amount of opposition to the ideas underlying the Nuremberg Laws have been shown by the Zionists, because they realize at once that these laws represent the only correct solution for the Jewish people as well. For each nation must have its own state as the outward expression of its particular nationhood. In cooperation with the German authorities, Zionist groups organized a network of some forty camps and agricultural centers throughout Germany where prospective settlers were trained for their new lives in Palestine. Although the Nuremberg Laws forbid Jews from displaying the German flag, Jews were specifically guaranteed the right to display the blue and white Jewish national banner. The flag that would one day be adopted by Israel was flown at the Zionist camps and centers in Hitler's Germany. /19 Himmler's security service cooperated with the Haganah, the Zionist underground military organization in Palestine. The SS agency paid Haganah official Feivel Polkes for information about the situation in Palestine and for help in directing Jewish emigration to that country. Meanwhile, the Haganah was kept well informed

FASCISM & DHARMA about German plans by a spy it managed to plant in the Berlin headquarters of the SS. /20 Haganah-SS collaboration even included secret deliveries of German weapons to Jewish settlers for use in clashes with Palestinian Arabs. /21 In the aftermath of the November 1938 "Kristallnacht" outburst of violence and destruction, the SS quickly helped the Zionist organization to get back on its feet and continue its work in Germany, although now under more restricted supervision. /22 Official Reservations German support for Zionism was not unlimited. Government and Party officials were very mindful of the continuing campaign by powerful Jewish communities in the United States, Britain and other countries to mobilize "their" governments and fellow citizens against Germany. As long as world Jewry remained implacably hostile toward National Socialist Germany, and as long as the great majority of Jews around the world showed little eagerness to resettle in the Zionist "promised land," a sovereign Jewish state in Palestine would not really "solve" the international Jewish question. Instead, German officials reasoned, it would immeasurably strengthen this dangerous anti-German campaign. German backing for Zionism was therefore limited to support for a Jewish homeland in Palestine under British control, not a sovereign Jewish state. /23 A Jewish state in Palestine, the Foreign Minister informed diplomats in June 1937, would not be in Germany's interest because it would not be able to

FASCISM & DHARMA absorb all Jews around the world, but would only serve as an additional power base for international Jewry, in much the same way as Moscow served as a base for international Communism. /24 Reflecting something of a shift in official policy, the German press expressed much greater sympathy in 1937 for Palestinian Arab resistance to Zionist ambitions, at a time when tension and conflict between Jews and Arabs in Palestine was sharply increasing. /25 A Foreign Office circular bulletin of June 22, 1937, cautioned that in spite of support for Jewish settlement in Palestine, "it would nevertheless be a mistake to assume that Germany supports the formation of a state structure in Palestine under some form of Jewish control. In view of the antiGerman agitation of international Jewry, Germany cannot agree that the formation of a Palestine Jewish state would help the peaceful development of the nations of the world."/26 "The proclamation of a Jewish state or a Jewish-administrated Palestine," warned an internal memorandum by the Jewish affairs section of the SS, "would create for Germany a new enemy, one that would have a deep influence on developments in the Near East." Another SS agency predicted that a Jewish state "would work to bring special minority protection to Jews in every country, therefore giving legal protection to the exploitation activity of world Jewry."/27 In January 1939, Hitler's new Foreign Minister, Joachim von Ribbentrop,

likewise warned in another circular bulletin that "Germany must regard the formation of a Jewish state as dangerous" because it "would bring an international increase in power to world Jewry." /28

FASCISM & DHARMA Hitler himself personally reviewed this entire issue in early 1938 and, in spite of his long-standing skepticism of Zionist ambitions and misgivings that his policies might contribute to the formation of a Jewish state, decided to support Jewish migration to Palestine even more vigorously. The prospect of ridding Germany of its Jews, he concluded, outweighed the possible dangers. /29 Meanwhile, the British government imposed ever more drastic restrictions on Jewish immigration into Palestine in 1937, 1938 and 1939. In response, the SS security service concluded a secret alliance with the clandestine Zionist agency Mossad le-Aliya Bet to smuggle Jews illegally into Palestine. As a result of this intensive collaboration, several convoys of ships succeeded in reaching Palestine past British gunboats. Jewish migration, both legal and illegal, from Germany (including Austria) to Palestine increased dramatically in 1938 and 1939. Another 10,000 Jews were scheduled to depart in October 1939, but the outbreak of war in September brought the effort to an end. All the same, German authorities continued to promote indirect Jewish emigration to Palestine during 1940 and 1941. /30 Even as late as March 1942, at least one officially authorized Zionist "kibbutz" training camp for potential emigrants continued to operate in Hitler's Germany. /31 The Transfer Agreement The centerpiece of German-Zionist cooperation during the Hitler era was the Transfer Agreement, a pact that enabled tens of thousands of German Jews to migrate to Palestine with their wealth. The

FASCISM & DHARMA Agreement, also known as the Haavara (Hebrew for "transfer"), was concluded in August 1933 following talks between German officials and Chaim Arlosoroff, Political Secretary of the Jewish Agency, the Palestine center of the World Zionist Organization. /32 Through this unusual arrangement, each Jew bound for Palestine deposited money in a special account in Germany. The money was used to purchase German-made agricultural tools, building materials, pumps, fertilizer, and so forth, which were exported to Palestine and sold there by the Jewish-owned Haavara company in Tel-Aviv. Money from the sales was given to the Jewish emigrant upon his arrival in Palestine in an amount corresponding to his deposit in Germany. German goods poured into Palestine through the Haavara, which was supplemented a short time later with a barter agreement by which Palestine oranges were exchanged for German timber, automobiles, agricultural machinery, and other goods. The Agreement thus served the Zionist aim of bringing Jewish settlers and development capital to Palestine, while simultaneously serving the German goal of freeing the country of an unwanted alien group. Delegates at the 1933 Zionist Congress in Prague vigorously debated the merits of the Agreement. Some feared that the pact would undermine the international Jewish economic boycott against Germany. But

Zionist officials reassured the Congress. Sam Cohen, a key figure behind the Haavara arrangement, stressed that the Agreement was not economically advantageous to Germany.

FASCISM & DHARMA Arthur Ruppin, a Zionist Organization emigration specialist who had helped negotiate the pact, pointed out that "the Transfer Agreement in no way interfered with the boycott movement, since no new currency will flow into Germany as a result of the agreement..." /33 The 1935 Zionist Congress, meeting in Switzerland, overwhelmingly endorsed the pact. In 1936, the Jewish Agency (the Zionist "shadow government" in Palestine) took over direct control of the Ha'avara, which remained in effect until the Second World War forced its abandonment. Some German officials opposed the arrangement. Germany's Consul General in Jerusalem, Hans Döhle, for example, sharply criticized the Agreement on several occasions during 1937. He pointed out that it cost Germany the foreign exchange that the products exported to Palestine through the pact would bring if sold elsewhere. The Haavara monopoly sale of German goods to Palestine through a Jewish agency naturally angered German businessmen and Arabs there. Official German support for Zionism could lead to a loss of German markets throughout the Arab world. The British government also resented the arrangement. /34 A June 1937 German Foreign Office internal bulletin referred to the "foreign exchange sacrifices" that resulted from the Haavara. 3/5 A December 1937 internal memorandum by the German Interior Ministry reviewed the impact of the Transfer Agreement: "There is no doubt that the Haavara arrangement has contributed most significantly to the very rapid development of

FASCISM & DHARMA Palestine since 1933. The Agreement provided not only the largest source of money (from Germany!), but also the most intelligent group of immigrants, and finally it brought to the country the machines and industrial products essential for development." The main advantage of the pact, the memo reported, was the emigration of large numbers of Jews to Palestine, the most desirable target country as far as Germany was concerned. But the paper also noted the important drawbacks pointed out by Consul Döhle and others. The Interior Minister, it went on, had concluded that the disadvantages of the agreement now outweighed the advantages and that, therefore, it should be terminated. /36 Only one man could resolve the controversy. Hitler personally reviewed the policy in July and September 1937, and again in January 1938, and each time decided to maintain the Haavara arrangement. The goal of removing Jews from Germany, he concluded, justified the drawbacks. /37 The Reich Economics Ministry helped to organize another transfer company, the International Trade and Investment Agency, or Intria, through which Jews in foreign countries could help German Jews emigrate to Palestine. Almost $900,000 was eventually channeled through the Intria to German Jews in Palestine. /38 Other European countries eager to encourage Jewish emigration concluded agreements with the

Zionists modeled after the Ha'avara. In 1937 Poland authorized the Halifin (Hebrew for "exchange") transfer company. By late summer 1939, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Hungary

FASCISM & DHARMA and Italy had signed similar arrangements. The outbreak of war in September 1939, however, prevented large-scale implementation of these agreements. /39 Achievements of Haavara Between 1933 and 1941, some 60,000 German Jews emigrated to Palestine through the Ha'avara and other German-Zionist arrangements, or about ten percent of Germany's 1933 Jewish population. (These German Jews made up about 15 percent of Palestine's 1939 Jewish population.) Some Ha'avara emigrants transferred considerable personal wealth from Germany to Palestine. As Jewish historian Edwin Black has noted: "Many of these people, especially in the late 1930s, were allowed to transfer actual replicas of their homes and factories -- indeed rough replicas of their very existence."/40 The total amount transferred from Germany to Palestine through the Ha'avara between August 1933 and the end of 1939 was 8.1 million pounds or 139.57 million German marks (then equivalent to more than $40 million). This amount included 33.9 million German marks ($13.8 million) provided by the Reichsbank in connection with the Agreement. /41 Historian Black has estimated that an additional $70 million may have flowed into Palestine through corollary German commercial agreements and special international banking transactions. The German funds had a major impact on a country as underdeveloped as Palestine was in the 1930s, he pointed out. Several major industrial enterprises

FASCISM & DHARMA were built with the capital from Germany, including the Mekoroth waterworks and the Lodzia textile firm. The influx of Ha'avara goods and capital, concluded Black, "produced an economic explosion in Jewish Palestine" and was "an indispensable factor in the creation of the State of Israel."/42 The Ha'avara agreement greatly contributed to Jewish development in Palestine and thus, indirectly, to the foundation of the Israeli state. A January 1939 German Foreign Office circular bulletin reported, with some misgiving, that "the transfer of Jewish property out of Germany [through the Ha'avara agreement] contributed to no small extent to the building of a Jewish state in Palestine."/43 Former officials of the Ha'avara company in Palestine confirmed this view in a detailed study of the Transfer Agreement published in 1972: "The economic activity made possible by the influx German capital and the Haavara transfers to the private and public sectors were of greatest importance for the country's development. Many new industries and commercial enterprises were established in Jewish Palestine, and numerous companies that are enormously important even today in the economy of the State of Israel owe their existence to the Haavara."/44 Dr. Ludwig Pinner, a Ha'avara company official in

Tel Aviv during the 1930s, later commented that the exceptionally competent Ha'avara immigrants "decisively contributed" to the economic, social, cultural and educational development of Palestine's Jewish community. /45

FASCISM & DHARMA The Transfer Agreement was the most far-reaching example of cooperation between Hitler's Germany and international Zionism. Through this pact, Hitler's Third Reich did more than any other government during the 1930s to support Jewish development in Palestine. Zionists Offer a Military Alliance with Hitler In early January 1941 a small but important Zionist organization submitted a formal proposal to German diplomats in Beirut for a military-political alliance with wartime Germany. The offer was made by the radical underground "Fighters for the Freedom of Israel," better known as the Lehi or Stern Gang. Its leader, Avraham Stern, had recently broken with the radical nationalist "National Military Organization" (Irgun Zvai Leumi) over the group's attitude toward Britain, which had effectively banned further Jewish settlement of Palestine. Stern regarded Britain as the main enemy of Zionism. This remarkable Zionist proposal "for the solution of the Jewish question in Europe and the active participation of the NMO [Lehi] in the war on the side of Germany" is worth quoting at some length: /46 In their speeches and statements, the leading statesmen of National Socialist Germany have often emphasized that a New Order in Europe requires as a prerequisite a radical solution of the Jewish question by evacuation. ("Jew-free Europe") The evacuation of the Jewish masses from Europe is a precondition for solving the Jewish question. However, the only way this can be totally achieved

FASCISM & DHARMA is through settlement of these masses in the homeland of the Jewish people, Palestine, and by the establishment of a Jewish state in its historical boundaries. The goal of the political activity and the years of struggle by the Israel Freedom Movement, the National Military Organization in Palestine (Irgun Zvai Leumi), is to solve the Jewish problem in this way and thus completely liberate the Jewish people forever. The NMO, which is very familiar with the good will of the German Reich government and its officials towards Zionist activities within Germany and the Zionist emigration program, takes that view that: 1. Common interests can exist between a European New Order based on the German concept and the true national aspirations of the Jewish people as embodied by the NMO.

2. Cooperation is possible between the New Germany and a renewed, folkish-national Jewry [Hebräertum]. 3. The establishment of the historical Jewish state on a national and totalitarian basis, and bound by treaty with the German Reich, would be in the interest of maintaining and strengthening the future German position of power in the Near East. On the basis of these considerations, and upon the condition that the German Reich government recognize the national aspirations of the Israel Freedom Movement mentioned above, the NMO in

FASCISM & DHARMA Palestine offers to actively take part in the war on the side of Germany. This offer by the NMO could include military, political and informational activity within Palestine and, after certain organizational measures, outside as well. Along with this the Jewish men of Europe would be militarily trained and organized in military units under the leadership and command of the NMO. They would take part in combat operations for the purpose of conquering Palestine, should such a front by formed. The indirect participation of the Israel Freedom Movement in the New Order of Europe, already in the preparatory stage, combined with a positiveradical solution of the European Jewish problem on the basis of the national aspirations of the Jewish people mentioned above, would greatly strengthen the moral foundation of the New Order in the eyes of all humanity. The cooperation of the Israel Freedom Movement would also be consistent with a recent speech by the German Reich Chancellor, in which Hitler stressed that he would utilize any combination and coalition in order to isolate and defeat England. There is no record of any German response. Acceptance was very unlikely anyway because by this time German policy was decisively pro-Arab. /47 Remarkably, Stern's group sought to conclude a pact with the Third Reich at a time when stories that Hitler was bent on exterminating Jews were already in wide circulation. Stern apparently either did not believe the stories or he was willing to collaborate

FASCISM & DHARMA with the mortal enemy of his people to help bring about a Jewish state. /48 An important Lehi member at the time the group made this offer was Yitzhak Shamir, who later served as Israel's Foreign Minister and then, during much of the 1980s and until June 1992, as Prime Minister. As Lehi operations chief following Stern's death in 1942, Shamir organized numerous acts of terror, including the November 1944 assassination of British Middle East Minister Lord Moyne and the September 1948 slaying of Swedish United Nations Mediator Count Bernadotte. Years later, when Shamir was asked about the 1941 offer, he confirmed that he was aware of his organ -ization's proposed alliance with wartime Germany. /49

In Conclusion In spite of the basic hostility between the Hitler regime and international Jewry, for several years Jewish Zionist and German National Socialist interests coincided. In collaborating with the Zionists for a mutually desirable and humane solution to a complex problem, the Third Reich was willing to make foreign exchange sacrifices, impair relations with Britain and anger the Arabs. Indeed, during the 1930s no nation did more to substantively further Jewish-Zionist goals than Hitler's Germany. Notes W. Martini, "Hebräisch unterm Hakenkreuz," Die Welt (Hamburg), Jan. 10, 1975. Cited in: Klaus Polken, "The Secret Contacts: Zionism and Nazi Germany, 1933-1941," Journal of Palestine Studies, Spring-Summer 1976, p. 65.

FASCISM & DHARMA 2. Quoted in: Ingrid Weckert, Feuerzeichen: Die "Reichskristallnacht" (Tübingen: Grabert, 1981), p. 212. See also: Th. Herzl, The Jewish State (New York: Herzl Press, 1970), pp. 33, 35, 36, and, Edwin Black, The Transfer Agreement (New York: Macmillan, 1984), p. 73. 3. Th. Herzl, "Der Kongress," Welt, June 4, 1897. Reprinted in: Theodor Herzls zionistische Schriften (Leon Kellner, ed.), erster Teil, Berlin: Jüdischer Verlag, 1920, p. 190 (and p. 139). 4. Memo of June 21, 1933, in: L. Dawidowicz, A Holocaust Reader (New York: Behrman, 1976), pp. 150-155, and (in part) in: Francis R. Nicosia, The Third Reich and the Palestine Question (Austin: Univ. of Texas, 1985), p. 42.; On Zionism in Germany before Hitler's assumption of power, see: Donald L. Niewyk, The Jews in Weimar Germany (Baton Rouge: 1980), pp. 94-95, 126-131, 140-143.; F. Nicosia, Third Reich (Austin: 1985), pp. 1-15. 5. Jüdische Rundschau (Berlin), June 13, 1933. Quoted in: Heinz Höhne, The Order of the Death's Head (New York: Ballantine, pb., 1971, 1984), pp. 376-377. 6. Heinz Höhne, The Order of the Death's Head (Ballantine, 1971, 1984), p. 376. 7. "Berlin," Encyclopaedia Judaica (New York and Jerusalem: 1971), Vol. 5, p. 648. For a look at one aspect of this "vigorous life," see: J.-C. Horak, "Zionist Film Propaganda in Nazi Germany," Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, Vol. 4, No. 1, 1984, pp. 49-58.

FASCISM & DHARMA 8. Francis R. Nicosia, The Third Reich and the Palestine Question (1985), pp. 54-55.; Karl A. Schleunes, The Twisted Road to Auschwitz Schleunes, The Twisted Road to Auschwitz 181. 9. Jacob Boas, "A Nazi Travels to Palestine," History Today (London), January 1980, pp. 33-38.

10. Facsimile reprint of front page of Das Schwarze Korps, May 15, 1935, in: Janusz Piekalkiewicz, Israels Langer Arm (Frankfurt: Goverts, 1975), pp. 66-67. Also quoted in: Heinz Höhne, The Order of the Death's Head (Ballantine, 1971, 1984), p. 377. See also: Erich Kern, ed., Verheimlichte Dokumente (Munich: FZ-Verlag, 1988), p. 184. 11. as Schwarze Korps, Sept. 26, 1935. Quoted in: F. Nicosia, The Third Reich and the Palestine Question (1985), pp. 56-57. 12. Lenni Brenner, Zionism in the Age of the Dictators (1983), p. 83. 13. F. Nicosia, The Third Reich and the Palestine Question (1985), p. 60. See also: F. Nicosia, "The Yishuv and the Holocaust," The Journal of Modern History (Chicago), Vol. 64, No. 3, Sept. 1992, pp. 533-540. 14. F. Nicosia, The Third Reich and the Palestine Question (1985), p. 57. 15. Jüdische Rundschau, Sept. 17, 1935. Quoted in: Yitzhak Arad, with Y. Gutman and A. Margaliot, eds., Documents on the Holocaust (Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 1981), pp. 82-83.

FASCISM & DHARMA 16. Der Angriff, Dec. 23, 1935, in: E. Kern, ed., Verheimlichte Dokumente (Munich: 1988), p. 148.; F. Nicosia, Third Reich (1985), p. 56.; L. Brenner, Zionism in the Age of the Dictators (1983), p. 138.; A. Margaliot, "The Reaction...," ad Vashem Studies (Jerusalem), vol. 12, 1977, pp. 90-91.; On Kareski's remarkable career, see: H. Levine, "A Jewish Collaborator in Nazi Germany," Central European History (Atlanta), Sept. 1975, pp. 251-281. 17. "Dr. Wise Urges Jews to Declare Selves as Such," New York Herald Tribune, June 13, 1938, p. 12. 18. F. Nicosia, The Third Reich (1985), p. 53. 19. Lucy Dawidowicz, The War Against the Jews, 1933-1945 (New York: Bantam, pb., 1976), pp. 253-254.; Max Nussbaum, "Zionism Under Hitler," Congress Weekly (New York: American Jewish Congress), Sept. 11, 1942.; F. Nicosia, The Third Reich (1985), pp. 58-60, 217.; Edwin Black, The Transfer Agreement (1984), p. 175. 20. H. Höhne, The Order of the Death's Head (Ballantine, pb., 1984), pp. 380-382.; K. Schleunes, Twisted Road (1970, 1990), p. 226.; Secret internal SS intelligence report about F. Polkes, June 17, 1937, in: John Mendelsohn, ed., The Holocaust (New York: Garland, 1982), vol. 5, pp. 62-64. 21. F. Nicosia, Third Reich (1985), pp. 63-64, 105, 219-220. 22. F. Nicosia, Third Reich (1985), p. 160. 23. This distinction is also implicit in the "Balfour Declaration" of November 1917, in which the

FASCISM & DHARMA British government expressed support for "a national home for the Jewish people" in Palestine, while carefully avoiding any mention of a Jewish state. Referring to the majority Arab population there, the Declaration went on to caution, "...it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine." The complete text of the Declaration is reproduced in facsimile in: Robert John, Behind the Balfour Declaration (IHR, 1988), p. 32. 24. F. Nicosia, Third Reich (1985), p. 121. 25. F. Nicosia, Third Reich (1985), p. 124. 26. David Yisraeli, The Palestine Problem in German Politics 1889-1945 (Bar-Ilan University, Israel, 1974), p. 300.; Also in: Documents on German Foreign Policy, Series D, Vol. 5. Doc. No. 564 or 567. 27. K. Schleunes, The Twisted Road (1970, 1990), p. 209. 28. Circular of January 25, 1939. Nuremberg document 3358-PS. International Military Tribunal, Trial of the Major War Criminals Before the Trial of the Major War Criminals Before the 1949), vol. 32, pp. 242-243. Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression (Washington, DC: 1946-1948), vol. 6, pp. 92-93. 29. F. Nicosia, Third Reich (1985), pp. 141-144.; On Hitler's critical view of Zionism in Mein Kampf, see esp. Vol. 1, Chap. 11. Quoted in: Robert Wistrich, Hitler's Apocalypse (London: 1985), p.

FASCISM & DHARMA 155.; See also: F. Nicosia, Third Reich (1985), pp. 26-28.; Hitler told his army adjutant in 1939 and again in 1941 that he had asked the British in 1937 about transferring all of Germany's Jews to Palestine or Egypt. The British rejected the proposal, he said, because it would cause further disorder. See: H. v. Kotze, ed., Heeresadjutant bei Hitler (Stuttgart: 1974), pp. 65, 95. Hitler (Stuttgart: 1974), pp. 65, 95. 164, 166-167.; H. Höhne, The Order of the Death's Head (Ballantine, pb., 1984), pp. 392-394.; Jon and David Kimche, The Secret Roads (London: Secker and Warburg, 1955), pp. 39-43. See also: David Yisraeli, "The Third Reich and Palestine," Middle Eastern Studies, October 1971, p. 347.; Bernard Eastern Studies, October 1971, p. 347.; Bernard 1945 (1979), pp. 43, 49, 52, 60.; T. Kelly, "Man who fooled Nazis," Washington Times, April 28, 1987, pp. 1B, 4B. Based on interview with Willy Perl, author of The Holocaust Conspiracy. 31. Y. Arad, et al., eds., Documents On the Holocaust (1981), p. 155. (The training kibbutz was at Neuendorf, and may have functioned even after March 1942.)

32. On the Agreement in general, see: Werner Feilchenfeld, et al., Haavara-Transfer nach Palaestina (Tübingen: Mohr/Siebeck, 1972).; David Yisraeli, "The Third Reich and the Transfer Agreement," Journal of Contemporary History (London), No. 2, 1971, pp. 129-148.; "Haavara," (London), No. 2, 1971, pp. 129-148.; "Haavara," 1013.; F. Nicosia, The Third Reich and the Palestine Question (Austin: 1985), pp. 44-49.; Raul

FASCISM & DHARMA Hilberg, The Destruction of the European Jews Hilberg, The Destruction of the European Jews 141.; The Transfer Agreement, by Edwin Black, is detailed and useful. However, it contains numerous inaccuracies and wildly erroneous conclusions. See, for example, the review by Richard S. Levy in Commentary, Sept. 1984, pp. 68-71. 33. E. Black, The Transfer Agreement (1984), pp. 328, 337. 34. On opposition to the Haavara in official German circles, see: W. Feilchenfeld, et al., HaavaraTransfer nach Palaestina (1972), pp. 31-33.; D. Yisraeli, "The Third Reich," Journal of Contemporary History, 1971, pp. 136-139.; F. Nicosia, The Third Reich and the Palestine Question, pp. 126-139.; I. Weckert, Feuerzeichen (1981), pp. 226-227.; Rolf Vogel, Ein Stempel hat gefehlt (Munich: Droemer Knaur, 1977), pp. 110 ff. 35. W. Feilchenfeld, et al., Haavara-Transfer (1972), p. 31. Entire text in: David Yisraeli, The Palestine Problem in German Politics 1889-1945 (Israel: 1974), pp. 298-300. 36. Interior Ministry internal memo (signed by State Secretary W. Stuckart), Dec. 17, 1937, in: Helmut Eschwege, ed., Kennzeichen J (Berlin: 1966), pp. 132-136. 37. W. Feilchenfeld, et al, Haavara-Transfer (1972), page 32. 38. E. Black, Transfer Agreement, pp. 376-377.

FASCISM & DHARMA 39. E. Black, Transfer Agreement (1984), pp. 376, 378.; F. Nicosia, Third Reich (1985), pp. 238-239 (n. 91). 40. E. Black, Transfer Agreement, p. 379.; F. Nicosia, Third Reich, pp. 212, 255 (n. 66). 41. W. Feilchenfeld, et al., Haavara-Transfer, p. 75.; "Haavara," Encyclopaedia Judaica, (1971), Vol. 7, p. 1013. 42. E. Black, Transfer Agreement, pp. 379, 373, 382.

43. Circular of January 25, 1939. Nuremberg document 3358-PS. International Military Tribunal, Trial of the Major War Criminals Before the Trial of the Major War Criminals Before the 1949), Vol. 32, pp. 242-243. 44. Werner Feilchenfeld, et al., Haavara-Transfer nach Palaestina (Tübingen: Mohr/Siebeck, 1972). Quoted in: Ingrid Weckert, Feuerzeichen (Tübingen: Grabert, 1981), pp. 222-223. 45. W. Feilchenfeld, et al., Haavara-Transfer nach Palaestina(1972). Quoted in: I. Weckert, euerzeichen (1981), p. 224. 46. Original document in German Auswärtiges Amt Archiv, Bestand 47-59, E 224152 and E 234155-58. (Photocopy in author's possession).; Complete original German text published in: David Yisraeli, original German text published in: David Yisraeli, 1945 (Israel: 1974), pp. 315-317. See also: Klaus Polkhen, "The Secret Contacts," Journal of Palestine Studies, Spring-Summer 1976, pp. 78-80.;

FASCISM & DHARMA (At the time this offer was made, Stern's Lehi group still regarded itself as the true Irgun/NMO.) 47. Arab nationalists opposed Britain, which then dominated much of the Arab world, including Egypt, Iraq and Palestine. Because Britain and Germany were at war, Germany cultivated Arab support. The leader of Palestine's Arabs, the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, Haj Amin el-Husseini, worked closely with Germany during the war years. After escaping from Palestine, he spoke to the Arab world over German radio and helped raise Muslim recruits in Bosnia for the Waffen SS. 48. Israel Shahak, "Yitzhak Shamir, Then and Now," Middle East Policy (Washington, DC), Vol. 1, No. 1, (Whole No. 39), 1992, pp. 27-38.; Yehoshafat Harkabi, Israel's Fateful Hour (New York: Harper and Row, 1988), pp. 213-214. Quoted in: Andrew J. Hurley, Israel and the New World in: Andrew J. Hurley, Israel and the New World 209.; Avishai Margalit, "The Violent Life of Yitzhak Shamir," New York Review of Books, May 14, 1992, pp. 18-24.; Lenni Brenner, Zionism in the Age of the Dictators (1983), pp. 266-269.; L. Age of the Dictators (1983), pp. 266-269.; L. 177.; L. Brenner, "Yitzhak Shamir: On Hitler's Side," Arab Perspectives (League of Arab States), March 1984, pp. 11-13. 49. Avishai Margalit, "The Violent Life of Yitzhak Shamir," New York Review of Books, May 14, 1992, pp. 18-24.; Lenni Brenner, Zionism in the Age of the Dictators (1983), pp. 266-269.; L. Age of the Dictators (1983), pp. 266-269.; L. 177.; L. Brenner, "Skeletons in Shamir's Cupboard,"

FASCISM & DHARMA

FASCISM & DHARMA 16.; Sol Stern, L. Rapoport, "Israel's Man of the Shadows," Village Voice (New York), July 3, 1984, pp.

13 The Supposed Good Guys

Chapter 7

How to lose an Empire "In war-time, truth is so precious that she should always be attended by a bodyguard of lies." Churchill in a strait jacket by T. Stokes, 7-9-09 Recently voted the greatest English man ever in a British newspaper poll, the picture shown is of the latest statue of Winston Churchill in a strait jacket, unveiled in Norwich England. Although the Churchill papers cleverly edited out any indication of Churchill’s alcoholism and depressive fits during W.W.II, British spies for the soviets made much mention of this to Moscow, now in G.R.U archives. The society osteopath and healer Stephen Ward treated our Winston with both manipulation, painting classes and pep talks, his knowledge of this

FASCISM & DHARMA and Winston’s occult interests were a possible motive for Wards murder (see testimony of Eugene Ivanov, plus soviet G.R.U archive material). Britain’s war fleet of fighting ships, just prior to W.W.1 was about to go over to the newly invented diesel engine which was designed to run on vegetable oils; this would bring huge benefits to Britain’s farming communities and bring work to the nations unemployed laborers. Churchill, who lobbied before W.W.1 for Britain to go over to middle east oil fueled war ships, was funded by Rothschild to the extent that his bank loaned us huge war loans, and put Churchill into the admiralty as first sea lord, to lobby both for war and to buy the middle east oil, and armaments from Rothschild sources. THE MONEY CHANGERS IN THE TEMPLE Rothschild’s bank after the war ended in 1918, brought in the rule that from new British silver coins minted from 1920 the full silver content was diluted down to half silver. This rule brought in after discussions at the Masonic temple meetings by the Rothschild banking syndicate. These same bankers also dictated the Versailles treaty, where large chunks of wealth, land and artworks were taken from Germany in reparations; the harshness of this treaty was largely the cause of the second world war, when Hitler demanded it all back for the German people. Britain used the minor Polish non-aggression treaty as an excuse for entering the war against Germany,

FASCISM & DHARMA when our own intelligence services said our main enemy was Russia, and to allow the war between Russia and Germany to go ahead, making it easier for us to deal with a weakened winner. Under the Nazi/Soviet pact, Russia took the other half of Poland and we did nothing about that; in fact, “we assisted them”. Remember in 1950 we had a major grade one nonaggression pact with Tibet against Chinese aggression, and when the Chinese armies were committing genocide in Tibet, we had a few letters of disgust in the Times newspaper and that was it, we did nothing. The Polish treaty was an excuse for Churchill to call another war. The Balfour agreement had its origins again with Rothschild demands. Under Rothschild patronage Churchill again became first sea lord and prime minister for W. W. II where again huge war loans were given to bring about a war with Germany, and granted by the very people who wanted the war - the banking

syndicates, and incidentally Britain finishes loan interest payments this year 2006. Just in time to start paying back the war loans for the two gulf wars. Hitler's own book “Mein Kampf “or my struggle, tells of the clash of the two socialisms, national socialism or Nazism, which means the money in that country is for the people in that country, and not available to international financiers, and the money exploiters, and the world domination type socialism of the Soviet Union.

FASCISM & DHARMA Britain’s whole government and people wanted no involvement, but as in Tony Blair’s war on Iraq, Churchill brought it about on his own with Jewish owned newspapers again doing the propaganda. The same game plan was used with the silver coinage, because in 1946 a year after wars end, the entire silver content was removed by the banks, in favor of cupro-nickel. Because in 1948 the Rothschild Zionist dream of a country for Jews was brought about through the acquisition of Palestine. Lord Rothschild and his wife Tess whose codenames in Russian files were listed as spies “David and Rosa” later also spied for Israel. I personally watched Lord Rothschild given top security clearance to look through wartime files from the closed section, 30 years after the end of W.W. II. Why? Sir Robert Anthony Eden “The Jewish branch of my own family gives me access to documentation not available to conventional scholars, and the background conversation to Churchill’s speech at the Cambridge corn exchange on May19 1939, meant he planned to go to war for many years in advance, to assist the Zionist cause, and in 1954 he pressured Sir Anthony Eden to allow Israel into the British commonwealth.” Documentation exists today for Israel’s entry into the E.E.C in 2012. Remember the Haushoffer plan for a united Europe as instigated by Hitler, and displayed in detail in Rudolph Hess’s visit to Britain, was opposed by Churchill and his Zionist paymasters who would

FASCISM & DHARMA bring about a war to stop it, but now Israel wants to be part of Hitler’s “Haushoffer plan”. Churchill far from being Britain’s greatest Englishman is seen by many as perhaps its biggest traitor, bringing us perhaps needlessly into two world wars.” --------------------------------------------------------------

After British P rime Minister Neville Chamberlin’s Berchtesgaden summit and the Munich Agreement permitting Nazi Germany's annexation of portions of Czechoslovakia along the country's borders mainly inhabited by German speakers, and to stop the Czech government’s discriminatory treatment of its German minorities. (Sept. 30, 1938) the British newspapers disparaged Chamberlin for his, hypothetical, appeasement to Hitler. Chamberlain was to write in his diary in January 1938: "From the first I have been trying to improve relations with the two storm centers Berlin & Rome. It seemed to me that we were drifting into worse & worse positions with both - with the prospect of having ultimately to face 2 enemies at once" Chamberlin’s response, in order to bolster his public prestige was to enter a treaty or ‘protection’ with Poland in March of 1939 (despite Polish murders of more than 58,000 Germans -see pages 99-101) The "guarantee" of Poland in mid-March 1939, Chamberlain's government was rocked by the socalled "Romanian War Scare" (also known as the "Tilea Affair"). The Romanian minister in London, Viorel Tilea, reported falsely to the British

FASCISM & DHARMA government that his country was at imminent risk of German attack, which led to a U-turn on British policy of resisting commitments in Eastern Europe. In fact, there was no German attack planned on Romania in March 1939, but major delays within the German synthetic oil program had vastly increased the importance of Romanian oil, and the German delegation from Hermann Göring's Four Year Plan organization conducting talks in Bucharest was applying strong pressure on the Romanians to turn over control of the Romanian oil industry to Germany. Romanian ’s exaggeration of a German threat of invasion was to gain British support. rom Chamberlain's point of view, it was desirable to keep Romania and its oil out of German hands. Since Germany had hardly any natural supplies of oil, the Royal Navy's ability to impose a blockade was a British trump card to deter, and if necessary win, a war. Chamberlain's "guarantee" of Polish independence on 31 March 1939 was intended both to tie Poland to the West (the Polish Foreign Minister Colonel Józef Beck was widely, if mistakenly, believed to be proGerman), and of ensuring a pro quid quo thereby Poland would commit itself to protecting Romania and its oil from a supposed attack. The Polish “guarantee” was the first time that a British government had made a direct security commitment in Eastern Europe, since 1919 and likely to involve Britain in unwanted wars (in 1925, Chamberlain’s half-brother, the British Foreign

FASCISM & DHARMA Secretary, Sir Austen Chamberlain had famously stated in public that the Polish Corridor was "not worth the bones of a single British grenadier"). Perhaps no greater folly that has impacted modern humanity than Britain’s declaration of War on German over the Poland issue. Chamberlain declared hostilities’. Hitler’s response was numerous offers for negations for peace. They were declined and Churchill’s machination helped caused the start of the Second World War, the loss of Britain’s Empire, thereby the calamity of decolonialization - thus millions of deaths. Churchill paved the way for the success of the world-wide expansion of Stalin’s communism resulting in millions more deaths’, misery and tyranny. Yet history ranks Winston Churchill as one of the greatest statesmen of the 20th Century. The planet Earth is none the better. =====================================

FASCISM & DHARMA Stalin The Darling of the Left

Mugshot of Joseph Stalin held by Okhrana, 1911. Age 33 yrs. old. Arrested for Bank Robber “Death is the solution to all problems. No man - no problem.” Uncle Joe The information card attached to the mugshot says “looks around 32-34 years old″, it also says his ear form is “6″. Also it has a separate paragraph for “race (if colored)”, for Stalin it’s vacant. The

mugshot was taken in 1911, when he was arrested for the second time. In 1908 he was arrested for the first time by the Okhranka for revolutionary activities. After seven months in prison, he was sentenced to two years’ exile and was sent to the village of Solvychegodsk. After seven months in exile, he disguised himself as a woman and escaped on a train to St. Petersburg.

FASCISM & DHARMA When he was staying in Baku doing revolutionary activities he was arrested for the second time, this time for: terrorism, robbery and revolutionary agitation at Caucasus. He was banned from the Caucasus for five years and sentenced to complete his previous exile in Solvychegodsk. He was deported back there in September. In early 1911, Stalin’s friends tried to sneak him some money to help his escape, but the fellow exile who was supposed to deliver the money instead kept it for himself (Stalin had the man shot in 1937), and he was forced to return to Solvychegodsk. During his exile, he had an affair with his landlady, Maria Kuzakova, with whom he fathered a son, Constantine. Many say how handsome he was. Undoubtedly, this is true, but he wasn’t charming at all. He had very poor oratorical skills and he worked with a speech mentor who suggested he speak in a more calm and slow tone, like a father. Stalin was also described as “dull and pock marked”. What he did have was great skills in deception, a very good memory, and he was well organized. He gained his charisma not by actually having it. Stalin created the cult of personality because he didn’t really have one. So, while Herr Hitler was fighting for his Germany on the Western Front in The Great War, Comrade Stalin was robbing banks – no doubt for the revolution – oh yes and boinking his landladyagain, no doubt for the Worker’s Party as well. But nevertheless he was United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s own Uncle Joe.

FASCISM & DHARMA It must be said Stalin the smartest of the bunch – he made suckers of them all. He suckered Hitler into invading Poland first. He bullied Churchill into concessions, Roosevelt out of hundreds of millions of war dollars and supplies. He duped the entire Christian west to kill millions of Christian German and Italian soldiers and civilians; destroy their ancient bueatiful cities for godless communism. Why didn’t Russia launch its invasion of Poland, (September 1st, 1939(as agreed in the Molotov– Ribbentrop Pact? Answer: So that Hitler and Germany would be blamed for starting the War. An in-depth study of Russian armaments, tanks, logics, placement of aerial support facilities etc. everything designed and readied for an offensive invasion attack explains why the Wehrmacht was so successful in the first stages of Operation Barbarossa”.

The attack against Soviet Russia on June 22, 1941, the German forces were able to inflict enormous losses against the Soviets precisely because the Red troops were prepared to strike. an aggressive war that was scheduled for early July — not the defensive war forced on Stalin. He, Stalin, planned to attack Nazi Germany in the summer of 1941, and that Barbarossa was a preemptive strike by Hitler is clearly evident by Mr. Viktor Suvorov (Vladimir Rezun) in his books “Icebreaker” and “The Chief Culprit: Stalin's Grand Design to Start World War II” Hitler attacked Soviet Russia just as Stalin was preparing to overwhelm Germany and western

FASCISM & DHARMA Europe as part of a well-planned operation to “liberate” all of Europe by bringing it under Communist rule. Russia deployment of Soviet forces in 1941, amassed vast numbers of troops and stores of weapons along the European frontier, not to defend the Soviet homeland but in preparation for a westward attack and decisive battles on enemy territory. Thus, when German forces struck, the bulk of Red ground and air forces were concentrated along the Soviet western borders facing contiguous European countries, especially the German Reich and Romania, in final readiness for an assault on Europe. Stalin methodically and systematically built up the best armed, most powerful military force in the world — actually the world’s first superpower — for his planned conquest of Europe. Stalin’s drastic conversion of the country’s economy for war actually made war inevitable. A Global Soviet Union Stalin was preparing for an aggressive war, in particular emphasizing the ideological motivation for the Soviet leader’s actions. The unlucky country would be incorporated as the “final republic” into the globeencompassing “Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,” thereby completing the world proletarian revolution. This plan was entirely consistent with MarxistLeninist doctrine, as well as with Lenin’s policies in

FASCISM & DHARMA the earlier years of the Soviet regime. Lenin promotion of world Communist revolution. Trotsky insisted on his doctrine of “permanent revolution,” whereby the young Soviet state would help foment homegrown workers’ uprisings and revolution in the capitalist countries. Stalin instead wanted the Soviet regime to take advantage of occasional “armistices” in the global struggle to consolidate Red military strength for the right moment when larger and better armed Soviet forces would strike into central and western Europe, adding new Soviet republics as this overwhelming

force rolled across the continent. After the successful consolidation and Sovietization of all of Europe, the expanded USSR would be poised to impose Soviet power over the entire globe. Stalin realized quite well that, given a free choice, the people of the advanced Western countries would never voluntarily choose Communism. It would therefore have to be imposed by force. His bold plan, Stalin further decided, could be realized only through a world war. A critical piece of evidence in this regard is his speech of August 19, 1939, recently uncovered in Soviet archives In it, Lenin’s heir states: “The experience of the last 20 years has shown that in peacetime the Communist movement is never strong enough to seize power. The dictatorship of such a party will only become possible as the result of a major war. Later on, all the countries who had accepted protection from resurgent Germany would also

FASCISM & DHARMA become our allies. We shall have a wide field to develop the world revolution. Furthermore, and as Soviet theoreticians had always insisted, Communism could never peacefully coexist over the long run with other socio-political systems. Accordingly, Communist rule inevitably would have to be imposed throughout the world. So integral was this goal of “world revolution” to the nature and development of the “first workers’ state” that it was a cardinal feature of the Soviet agenda even before Hitler and his National Socialist movement came to power in Germany in 1933.” Stalin elected to strike at a time and place of his choosing. To this end, Soviet development of the most advanced offensive weapons systems, primarily tanks, aircraft, and airborne forces, had already begun in the early 1930s. To ensure the success of his bold undertaking, in late 1939 Stalin ordered the buildup of a powerful war machine that would be superior in quantity and quality to all possible opposing forces. His first secret order for the total military-industrial mobilization of the country was issued in August 1939. A second total mobilization order, this one for military mobilization, would be issued on the day the war was to begin.

FASCISM & DHARMA

Russian flying tank – No, just one of many assault tanks – BT-14 the T-34 tank designed to run fast on paved highways, (Russia did not have very many paved roads in the west) jump over impediments. See the short canon, an offensive weapon. See You tube lecture “ Did Stalin Start World War 2? The Secret Plans to Conquer Europe (2009)” Viktor Suvoro

Before the war Russia had the world’s only Amphibious Light Tank T-38. Germany had none.

FASCISM & DHARMA

These are NOT defensive weapons Disappointment The German “Barbarossa” attack shattered Stalin’s well-laid plan to “liberate” all of Europe. In this sense, Suvorov contends, Stalin “lost” the Second World War. The Soviet premier could regard “merely” defeating Germany and conquering eastern and central Europe only as a disappointment. According to Suvorov, Stalin revealed his disappointment over the war’s outcome in several ways. First, he had Marshal Georgi Zhukov, not himself, the supreme commander, lead the victory parade in 1945. Second, no official May 9 victory parade was even authorized until after Stalin’s death. Third, Stalin never wore any of the medals he was awarded after the end of the Second World War. Fourth, once, in a

depressed mood, he expressed to members of his close circle his desire to retire now that the war was over. Fifth, and perhaps most telling, Stalin abandoned work on the long-planned Palace of Soviets.”

FASCISM & DHARMA An Unfinished Monument The enormous Palace of Soviets, approved by the Soviet government in the early 1930s, was to be 1,250 feet tall, surmounted with a statue of Lenin 300 feet in height — taller than New York’s Empire State Building. It was to be built on the site of the former Cathedral of Christ the Savior. On Stalin’s order, this magnificent symbol of old Russia was blown up in 1931 — an act whereby the nation’s Communist rulers symbolically erased the soul of old Russia to make room for the centerpiece of the world USSR. All the world’s “socialist republics,” including the “last republic,” would ultimately be represented in the Palace. The main hall of this secular shrine was to be inscribed with the oath that Stalin had delivered in quasireligious cadences at Lenin’s burial. It included the words: “When he left us, Comrade Lenin bequeathed to us the responsibility to strengthen and expand the Union of Socialist Republics. We vow to you, Comrade Lenin, that we shall honorably carry out this, your sacred commandment.” However, only the bowl-shaped foundation for this grandiose monument was ever completed, and during the 1990s, after the collapse of the USSR, the Christ the Savior Cathedral was painstakingly rebuilt on the site. The Official View For decades the official version of the 1941–1945 German-Soviet conflict, supported by establishment

FASCISM & DHARMA historians in both Russia and the West, has been something like this: Hitler launched a surp rise “Blitzkrieg” attack against the woefully unprepared Soviet Union, fooling its leader, the unsuspecting and trusting Stalin. The German Führer was driven by lust for “living space” and natural resources in the primitive East, and by his long-simmering determination to smash “Jewish Communism” once and for all. In this treacherous attack, which was an important part of Hitler’s mad drive for “world conquest,” the “Nazi” or “fascist” aggressors initially overwhelmed all resistance with their preponderance of modern tanks and aircraft. This view, which was affirmed by the Allied judges at the postwar Nuremberg Tribunal, is still widely accepted in both Russia and the United States. In Russia today, most of the general public (and not merely those who are nostalgic for the old Soviet regime), accepts this “politically correct” line. For one thing, it “explains” the Soviet Union’s enormous World War II losses in men and materiel. Doomed from the Start

Contrary to the official view that the Soviet Union was not prepared for war in June 1941, in fact, Suvorov stresses, it was the Germans who were not really prepared. Germany’s hastily drawn up “Operation Barbarossa” plan, which called for a “Blitzkrieg” victory in four or five months by numerically inferior forces advancing in three broad military thrusts, was doomed from the outset.

FASCISM & DHARMA Moreover, Suvorov goes on to note, Germany lacked the raw materials (including petroleum) essential in sustaining a drawn out war of such dimensions. Another reason for Germany’s lack of preparedness, Suvorov contends, was that her military leaders seriously under-estimated the performance of Soviet forces in the Winter War against Finland, 1939– 1940. They fought, it must be stressed, under extremely severe winter conditions — temperatures of minus 40 degrees Celsius and snow depths of several feet — against the well-designed reinforced concrete fortifications and underground facilities of Finland’s “Mannerheim Line.” In spite of that, it is often forgotten, the Red Army did, after all, force the Finns into a humiliating armistice. It is always a mistake, Suvorov emphasizes, to underestimate your enemy. But Hitler made this critical miscalculation. In 1943, after the tide of war had shifted against Germany, he admitted his mistaken evaluation of Soviet forces two years earlier. Tank Disparity Compared To prove that it was Stalin, and not Hitler, who was really prepared for war, Suvorov compares German and Soviet weaponry in mid-1941, especially with respect to the all-important offensive weapons systems — tanks and airborne forces. It is a generally accepted axiom in military science that attacking forces should have a numerical superiority of three to one over the defenders. Yet, as Suvorov explains, when the Germans struck on the morning

FASCISM & DHARMA of June 22, 1941, they attacked with a total of 3,350 tanks, while the Soviet defenders had a total of 24,000 tanks — that is, Stalin had seven times more tanks than Hitler, or 21 times more tanks than would have been considered sufficient for an adequate defense. Moreover, the Soviet tanks were superior in all technical respects, including firepower, range, and armor plating. As it was, Soviet development of heavy tank production had already begun in the early 1930s. For example, as early as 1933 the Soviets were already turning out in series production, and distributing to their forces, the T-35 model, a 45-ton heavy tank with three cannons, six machine guns, and 30-mm armor plating. By contrast, the Germans began development and production of a comparable 45-ton tank only after the war had begun in mid1941. By 1939 the Soviets had already added three heavy tank models to their inventory. Moreover, the Soviets designed their tanks with wider tracks, and to operate with diesel engines (which were less flammable than those using conventional carburetor mix fuels). Furthermore, Soviet tanks were built

with both the engine and the drive in the rear, thereby improving general efficiency and operator viewing. German tanks had a less efficient arrangement, with the engine in the rear and the drive in the forward area. When the conflict began in June 1941, Germany had no heavy tanks at all, only 309 medium tanks, and just 2,668 light, inferior tanks. For their part, the Soviets at the outbreak of the war had at their

FASCISM & DHARMA disposal tanks that were not only heavier but of higher quality. In this regard, Suvorov cites the recollection of German tank general Heinz Guderian, who wrote in his memoir Panzer Leader (1952/1996, p. 143): In the spring of 1941, Hitler had specifically ordered that a Russian military commission be shown over our tank schools and factories; in this order he had insisted that nothing be concealed from them. The Russian officers in question firmly refused to believe that the Panzer IV was in fact our heaviest tank. They said repeatedly that we must be hiding our newest models from them, and complained that we were not carrying out Hitler’s order to show them everything. The military commission was so insistent on this point that eventually our manufacturers and Ordnance Office officials concluded: “It seems that the Russians must already possess better and heavier tanks than we do.” It was at the end of July 1941 that the T34 tank appeared on the front and the riddle of the new Russian model was solved. Suvorov cites another revealing fact from Robert Goralski’s World War II Almanac (1982, p. 164). On June 24, 1941 — just two days after the outbreak of the German-Soviet war: The Russians introduced their giant Klim Voroshilov tanks into action near Raseiniai [Lithuania]. Models weighing 43 and 52 tons surprised the Germans, who found the KVs nearly unstoppable. One of these Russian tanks took 70 direct hits, but none penetrated its armor.

FASCISM & DHARMA In short, Germany took on the Soviet colossus with tanks that were too light, too few in number, and inferior in performance and fire power. And this disparity continued as the war progressed. In 1942 alone, Soviet factories produced 2,553 heavy tanks, while the Germans produced just 89. Even at the end of the war, the best-quality tank in combat was the Soviet IS (“Iosef Stalin”) model. Suvorov sarcastically urges establishment military historians to study a book on Soviet tanks by Igor P. Shmelev, published in 1993 by, of all things, the Hobby Book Publishing Company in Moscow. The work of an honest amateur military analyst such as Shmelev, one who is sincerely interested in and loves his hobby and the truth, says Suvorov, is often superior to that of a paid government employee. Airborne Forces Disparity

Even more lopsided was the Soviet superiority in airborne forces. Before the war, Soviet DB-3f and SB bombers as well as the TB-1 and TB-3 bombers (of which Stalin had about a thousand had been modified to carry airborne troops as well as bomb loads. By mid-1941 the Soviet military had trained hundreds of thousands of paratroopers (Suvorov says almost a million) for the planned attack against Germany and the West. These airborne troops were to be deployed and dropped behind enemy lines in several waves, each wave consisting of five airborne assault corps (VDKs), each corps consisting of 10,419 men, staff and service personnel, an artillery division, and a separate tank battalion (50 tanks). Suvorov lists the commanding officers and home bases of the first two waves or

FASCISM & DHARMA ten corps. The second and third wave corps included troops who spoke French and Spanish. Because the German attack prevented these highly trained troops from being used as originally planned, Stalin converted them to “guard’s divisions,” which he used as reserves and “fire brigades” in emergency situations, much as Hitler often deployed Waffen SS forces. Maps and Phrase Books In support of his main thesis, Suvorov cites additional data that were not mentioned in his two earlier works on this subject. First, on the eve of the outbreak of the 1941 war Soviet forces had been provided topographical maps only of frontier and European areas; they were not issued maps to defend Soviet territory or cities, because the war was not to be fought in the homeland. The head of the Military Topographic Service at the time, and therefore responsible for military map distribution, Major General M. K. Kudryavtsev, was not punished or even dismissed for failing to provide maps of the homeland, but went on to enjoy a lengthy and successful military career. Likewise, the chief of the General Staff, General Zhukov, was never held responsible for the debacle of the first months of the war. None of the top military commanders could be held accountable, Suvorov points out, because they had all followed Stalin’s orders to the letter. Second, in early June 1941 the Soviet armed forces began receiving thousands of copies of a RussianGerman phrase book, with sections dedicated to

FASCISM & DHARMA such offensive military operations as seizing railroad stations, orienting parachutists, and so forth, and such useful expressions as “Stop transmitting or I’ll shoot.” This phrase book was produced in great numbers by the military printing houses in both Leningrad and Moscow. However, they never reached the troops on the front lines, and are said to have been destroyed in the opening phase of the war. ===================================

Roosevelt and “Neutral’ United States” “Your boys are not going to be sent into any foreign wars."FDR

Roosevelt did everything he could to bring America into a war. His New Deal economic policy to end the Great Depression had, for the most part, failed. Rearmament would be the solution. “We have tried spending money. We are spending more than we have ever spent before and it does not work. “Secretary of the Treasury Morgenthau made this startling confession during the seventh year of FDR’s New Deal programs to combat the rampant unemployment of the Great Depression. The date: May 9, 1939. The setting: Morgenthau’s appearance

FASCISM & DHARMA in Washington before less influential Democrats on the House Ways and Means Committee. In these words, Morgenthau summarized a decade of disaster, especially during the years Roosevelt was in power. Indeed, average unemployment for the whole year in 1939 would be higher than that in 1931, the year before Roosevelt captured the presidency from Herbert Hoover. “According to his own official statements, repeated on many occasions, and with special emphasis when the presidential election of 1940 was at stake, Franklin D. Roosevelt's policy after the outbreak of the war in Europe in 1939 was [supposedly] dominated by one overriding thought: how to keep the United States at peace. One of the President's first actions after the beginning of hostilities was to call Congress into special session and ask for the repeal of the embargo on the sales of arms to belligerent powers, which was part of the existing neutrality legislation. He based his appeal on the argument that this move would help to keep the United States at peace. His words on the subject were: “ Let no group assume the exclusive label of the "peace bloc." We all belong to it ... I give you my deep and unalterable conviction, based on years of experience as a worker in the field of international peace,

that by the repeal of the embargo the United States will more probably remain at peace than if the law remains as it stands today ... Our acts must be guided by one single, hardheaded thought -- keeping America out of the war.”

FASCISM & DHARMA This statement was made after the President had opened up a secret correspondence with Winston Churchill, First Lord of the Admiralty and later Prime Minister in the British government. What has been revealed of this correspondence, even in Churchill's own memoirs, inspires considerable doubt as to whether its main purpose was keeping America out of the war. Roosevelt kept up his pose as the devoted champion of peace even after the fall of France, when Great Britain was committed to a war which, given the balance of power in manpower and industrial resources, it could not hope to win without the involvement of other great powers, such as the United States and the Soviet Union. The President's pledges of pursuing a policy designed to keep the United States at peace reached a shrill crescendo during the last days of the 1940 campaign. Mr. Roosevelt said at Boston on October 30: "I have said this before, but I shall say it again and again and again: Your boys are not going to be sent into any foreign wars." The same thought was expressed in a speech at Brooklyn on November 1: "I am fighting to keep our people out of foreign wars. And I will keep on fighting." The President told his audience at Rochester, New York, on November 2: "Your national government ... is equally a government of peace -- a government that intends to retain peace for the American people."

FASCISM & DHARMA On the same day the voters of Buffalo were assured: "Your President says this country is not going to war." And he declared at Cleveland on November 3: "The first purpose of our foreign policy is to keep our country out of war." Oh how he echoed the promises of his Democratic predecessor Woodrow Wilson. So much for presidential words. What about presidential actions? American involvement in war with Germany was preceded by a long series of steps, not one of which could reasonably be represented as conducive to the achievement of the President's professed ideal of keeping the United States out of foreign wars. The more important of these steps may be briefly listed as follows: 1. The exchange of American destroyers for British bases in the Caribbean and in Newfoundland in September, 1940. This was a clear departure from the requirements of neutrality and was also a violation of some specific American laws. Indeed, a conference of top government lawyers at the time decided that the destroyer deal put this country into the war, legally and morally.

2. The enactment of the Lend-Lease Act in March, 1941. In complete contradiction of the wording and intent of the Neutrality Act, which remained on the statute books, this made the United States an unlimited partner in the economic war against the Axis Powers all over the world.

FASCISM & DHARMA 3. The secret American-British staff talks in Washington in January-March, 1941. Extraordinary care was taken to conceal not only the contents of these talks but the very fact that they were taking place from the knowledge of Congress. At the time when administration spokesmen were offering assurances that there were no warlike implications in the Lend-Lease Act, this staff conference used the revealing phrase, "when the United States becomes involved in war with Germany." 4. The inauguration of so-called naval patrols, the purpose of which was to report the presence of German submarines to British warships, in the Atlantic in April, 1941. 5. The dispatch of American laborers to Northern Ireland to build a naval base, obviously with the needs of an American expeditionary force in mind. 6. The occupation of Iceland by American troops in July, 1941. This was going rather far afield for a government which professed as its main concern the keeping of the United States out of foreign wars. 7. The Atlantic Conference of Roosevelt and Churchill, August 9-12, 1941. Besides committing America as a partner in a virtual declaration of war aims, this conference considered the presentation of an ultimatum to Japan and the occupation of the Cape Verde Islands, a Portuguese possession, by United States troops. 8. Formally announced on September 11. 1941 the orders to American warships to shoot on sight any German submarines, the beginning of actual hostilities may be dated from this time rather than

FASCISM & DHARMA from the German declaration of war, which followed Pearl Harbor. 9. The authorization for the arming of merchant ships and the sending of these ships into war zones in November, 1941. 10. The freezing of Japanese assets in the United States on July 25, 1941. This step, which was followed by similar action on the part of Great Britain and the Netherlands East Indies, amounted to a commercial blockade of Japan. The war making potentialities of this decision had been recognized by Roosevelt himself shortly before it was taken. Addressing a delegation and explaining why oil exports to Japan had not been stopped previously, he said: "It was very essential, from our own selfish point of view of defense, to prevent a war from starting in the South Pacific. So our foreign policy was trying to stop a war from breaking out down there....

Now, if we cut the oil off, they [the Japanese] probably would have gone down to the Netherlands East Indies a year ago, and we would have had war." 11. When the Japanese Prime Minister, Prince Fumimaro Konoye, appealed for a personal meeting with Roosevelt to discuss an amicable settlement in the Pacific, this appeal was rejected, despite the strong favorable recommendations of the American ambassador to Japan, Joseph C. Grew. 12. Final step on the road to war in the Pacific was Secretary of State Hull's note to the Japanese government of November 26. Before sending this communication Hull had considered proposing a

FASCISM & DHARMA compromise formula which would have relaxed the blockade of Japan in return for Japanese withdrawal from southern Indochina and a limitation of Japanese forces in northern Indochina. 13. However, Hull dropped this idea under pressure from British and Chinese sources. He dispatched a veritable ultimatum on November 26, which demanded unconditional Japanese withdrawal from China and from Indochina and insisted that there should be "no support of any government in China other than the National government [Chiang Kaishek]." Hull admitted that this note took JapaneseAmerican relations out of the realm of diplomacy and placed them in the hands of the military authorities. 14. The negative Japanese reply to this note was delivered almost simultaneously with the attack on Pearl Harbor. There was a strange and as yet unexplained failure to prepare for this attack by giving General Short and Admiral Kimmel, commanders on the spot, a clear picture of the imminent danger. As Secretary of War Stimson explained the American policy, it was to maneuver the Japanese into firing the first shot, and it may have been feared that openly precautionary and defensive moves on the part of Kimmel and Short would scare off the impending attack by the Japanese task force which was known to be on its way to some American outpost. Here is the factual record of the presidential words and the presidential deeds. No convinced believer in American nonintervention in wars outside this hemisphere could have given the American people

FASCISM & DHARMA more specific promises than Roosevelt gave during the campaign of 1940. And it is hard to see how any President, given the constitutional limitations of the office, could have done more to precipitate the United States into war with Germany and Japan than Roosevelt accomplished during the fifteen months between the destroyer-for-bases deal and the attack on Pearl Harbor. Former Congresswoman Clare Boothe Luce found the right expression when she charged Roosevelt with having lied us into war. Even a sympathizer with Roosevelt's policies, Professor Thomas A. Bailey, in his book, The Man in the Street, admits the charge of deception, but tries to justify it on the following grounds:

Franklin Roosevelt repeatedly deceived the American people during the period before Pearl Harbor ... He was like the physician who must tell the patient lies for the patient's own good ... The country was overwhelmingly noninterventionist to the very day of Pearl Harbor, and an overt attempt to lead the people into war would have resulted in certain failure and an almost certain ousting of Roosevelt in 1940, with a complete defeat of his ultimate aims. Professor Bailey continues his apologetics with the following argument, which leaves very little indeed of the historical American conception of a government responsible to the people and morally obligated to abide by the popular will: A president who cannot entrust the people with the truth betrays a certain lack of faith in the basic

FASCISM & DHARMA tenets of democracy. But because the masses are notoriously shortsighted and generally cannot see danger until it is at their throats, our statesmen are forced to deceive them into an awareness of their own long-run interests. This is clearly what Roosevelt had to do, and who shall say that posterity will not thank him for it? Presidential pledges to "keep our country out of war," with which Roosevelt was so profuse in the summer and autumn of 1940, could reasonably be regarded as canceled by some new development in the international situation involving a real and urgent threat to the security of the United States and the Western Hemisphere. But there was no such new development to justify Roosevelt's moves along the road to war in 1941. The British Isles were not invaded in 1940, at the height of Hitler's military success on the Continent. They were much more secure against invasion in 1941. Contrast the scare predications of Secretary Stimson, Secretary Knox, and General Marshall, about the impending invasion of Britain in the first months of 1941, with the testimony of Winston Churchill, as set down in his memoirs: "I did not regard invasion as a serious danger in April, 1941, since proper preparations had been made against it." Moreover, both the American and British governments knew at this time that Hitler was contemplating an early attack upon the Soviet Union. Such an attack was bound to swallow up much the greater part of Germany's military resources.

FASCISM & DHARMA It is with this background that one must judge the sincerity and realism of Roosevelt's alarmist speech of May 27, 1941, with its assertion: "The war is approaching the brink of the western hemisphere itself. It is coming very close to home." The President spoke of the Nazi "book of world conquest" and declared there was a Nazi plan to treat the Latin American countries as they had treated the Balkans. Then Canada and the United States would be strangled. Not a single serious bit of evidence in proof of these sensational allegations has ever been found, not even when the archives of the Nazi government were at the disposal of the victorious powers. The threat

to the security of Great Britain was less serious in 1941 than it was in 1940. There is no concrete evidence of Nazi intention to invade the American hemisphere in either year, or at any predictable period. One is left, therefore, with the inescapable conclusion that the promises to "keep America out of foreign wars" were a deliberate hoax on the American people, perpetrated for the purpose of insuring Roosevelt's re-election and thereby enabling him to proceed with his plan of gradually edging the United States into war. The United States had been supplying Soviet Russia with military hardware since the late 1930s. In 1938 President Roosevelt entered into a secret agreement with the USSR to exchange military information. For American public consumption, though, Roosevelt announced the imposition of a “moral embargo” on Soviet Russia.

FASCISM & DHARMA In the months prior to America’s formal entry into war (December 1941), Atlantic naval vessels of the ostensibly neutral United States were already at war against German naval forces. (See Mr. Roosevelt’s Navy: The Private War of the U.S. Atlantic Fleet, 1939–1942 by Patrick Abbazia [Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1975]). And two days after the “Barbarossa” strike, Roosevelt announced US aid to Soviet Russia in its war for survival against the Axis. Thus, at the outbreak of the “Barbarossa” attack, Hitler wrote in a letter to Mussolini: “At this point it makes no difference whether America officially enters the war or not, it is already supporting our enemies in full measure with mass deliveries of war materials.” Similarly, Winston Churchill was doing everything in his power during the months prior to June 1941 — when British forces were suffering one military defeat after another — to bring both the United States and the Soviet Union into the war on Britain’s side. In truth, the “Big Three” anti-Hitler coalition (Stalin, Roosevelt, Churchill) was effectively in place even before Germany attacked Russia, and was a major reason why Hitler felt compelled to strike against Soviet Russia, and to declare war on the United States five months later. (See Hitler’s speech of December 11, 1941, published in the Winter 1988–89 Journal, pp. 394– 96, 402–12.) The reas ons for Franklin Roosevelt’s support for Stalin are difficult to pin down. President Roosevelt himself once explained to William Bullitt, his first ambassador to Soviet Russia: “I think that if I give

FASCISM & DHARMA him [Stalin] everything I possibly can, and ask nothing from him in return, noblesse oblige, he won’t try to annex anything, and will work with me for a world of peace and democracy.” (Cited in: Robert Nisbet, Roosevelt and Stalin: The Failed Courtship [1989], p. 6.) Perhaps the most accurate (and kindest) explanation for Roosevelt’s attitude is a profound ignorance, self-deception or naiveté. In the considered view of George Kennan, historian and former high-ranking US diplomat, in foreign policy Roosevelt was “a very superficial man, ignorant, dilettantish, with a severely limited intellectual horizon.”

A Desperate Gamble Stalin, was an animal, a wild, bloody monster, but a genius of all times and peoples. He commanded the greatest military power in the Second World War, the force that more than any other defeated Germany. Especially in the final years of the conflict, he dominated the Allied military alliance. He must have regarded Roosevelt and Churchill contemptuously as useful idiots. In early 1941 everyone assumed that because Germany was still militarily engaged against Britain in north Africa, in the Mediterranean, and in the Atlantic, Hitler would never permit entanglement in a second front in the East. (Mindful of the disastrous experience of the First World War, he had warned in Mein Kampf of the mortal danger of a two front war.) It was precisely because he was confident that Stalin assumed Hitler would not open a second front, that the German leader felt free to launch “Barbarossa.” This attack, was an enormous

FASCISM & DHARMA and desperate gamble. But threatened by superior Soviet forces poised to overwhelm Germany and Europe, Hitler had little choice but to launch this preventive strike. But it was too little, too late. In spite of the advantage of striking first, it was the Soviets who finally prevailed. In the spring of 1945, Red army troops succeeded in raising the red banner over the Reichstag building in Berlin. It was due only to the immense sacrifices of German and other Axis forces that Soviet troops did not similarly succeed in raising the Red flag over Paris, Amsterdam, Copenhagen, Rome, Stockholm, and, perhaps, London.

FASCISM & DHARMA Chapter 8 Hitler’s Volunteers and the Army of Mankind

Nazi French soldiers in Russia, November 1941. When most people think of the German Army in the Second World War, they assume that it consisted only of German soldiers. However, nothing could be further from the truth. The German Army actually consisted of volunteers from 29 different nations. It was the most amazing multi-ethnic and multi-national army in history. As most of us know, volunteers from almost every European nation, even including Portugal and nations in the east (the Baltic states, Ukraine and Russia), also joined the German7 7

Renegade Tribune.

FASCISM & DHARMA Although official Nazi policy barred non-Germans from joining the regular German army, the Wehrmacht, volunteers from most occupied countries and even a small number from some Commonwealth countries (British Free Corps). were permitted to join the ranks of the Waffen SS and the auxiliary police (Schutzmannschaft).

This volunte er army initially counted some tens of thousan ds of volunte ers composed mostly of foreigners; mostly or entirely of foreign volunteers Wiking -- Nordland

The 11. SS Freiwilligen-Panzergrenadier-Division Nordland was formed in 1943 to combine all the Scandinavian and Dutch volunteer formations;

Engagements - Battle of Berlin Battle of Narva (1944), Battle of Tannenberg Line 1st Croatian

23,200 Muslims and 2,800 Catholics, with mostly German officers. World War II in Yugoslavia: 242

FASCISM & DHARMA 1st Ukrainian 81,999 men enlisted for service in the division. The 14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician) was a World War II German military formation made up of volunteers from the region of Galicia with a Ukrainian ethnic background but later also incorporated Slovaks, Czechs and Dutch volunteers and officers. Formed in 1943, it was

largely destroyed in

the battle of Brody, reformed, and saw action in Slovakia, Yugoslavia and Austria before being renamed the first division of the Ukrainian National Army and surrendering to the Western Allies by 10 May 1945. 1st Russian

29th was a Waffen SS Grenadier On August 4, 1944 the brigade was ordered to assist in the efforts in crushing the Warsaw Uprising. With the death of Commander Kaminski In 1945 its number was reassigned to 29th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Italian). 1st Italian

The 29th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Italian) also called "Italia". 15,000 volunteers - In April 1944 three battalions fought against Allied bridgeheads of Anzio and Nettuno with surprisingly good results, Apart from frontline units, volunteers also played an important role in the large Schutzmannschaft units in the German-occupied territories in Eastern Europe. After Operation Barbarossa recruitment of

FASCISM & DHARMA local forces began almost immediately mostly by initiative of Himmler. These forces were not members of the regular armed forces and were not intended for frontline duty, but were instead used for rear echelon activities including maintaining the peace, fighting partisans, acting as police and organizing supplies for the front lines. In the later years of the war, these units numbered almost 200,000.

By the end of World War II, 60% of the Waffen SS was made up of non-German volunteers from occupied countries. The predominantly Scandinavian 11th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division Nordland division along with remnants of French, Italian, Spanish and Dutch volunteers were last defenders of the Reichstag in Berlin. army. However, the contingent of non-European volunteers was considerable. Non-European ethnic formations of the German Army (both in the Wehrmacht & the Waffen-SS) and/or Nations with pro-Nazi policies or sentiments. Ostlegionen (Eastern Legions): Armenian Legion – 33,000 men Georgian Legion – up to 10, 000 men Azerbaijani Legion – 70, 000 men Turkestan Legion (Central Asian Muslim volunteers such as Turkomans, Uzbeks, Kazakhs, Kyrgyzs, Karakalpaks, and Tajiks) – 16, 000 men Caucasian Muslim Legion (Azeris, Dagestanis, Chechens, Ingushes, and Lezgins)

FASCISM & DHARMA Volga-Tatar Legion (Muslim Volga Tatars/Bulgars, Bashkirs, Chuvashes, Mari, Udmurt and Mordva) Black Africans (served in the Saudi Freies Arabien Legion – see below) – unknown number Sweden Spanish, Indians – 2, 500 Chinese Chile Brazil Japanese Koreans Mongolians Thais / Indonesians (small contingent) Saudi Freies Arabien Legion: North African Muslims Middle Eastern Muslims Deutsch-Arabische Truppe Kommando – volunteers: Moroccans Algerians Tunisians Irish Portugal German Jews – 150 000 Belgians, Bulgarians , Bosnians, Croatians,

Czechoslovaks, Danish,

FASCISM & DHARMA Estonians, Finnish, French, Greek, Hungarians, Netherlands, English, Estonians, Latvians, Lithuanians, Norwegians, Romanians, Italians

The black historian and sociologist W.E.B. Du Bois visited National Socialist

Germany in 1936. He related that he received more respect from the German academics then from his white colleagues back in America. He was treated like a human being in Germany, and stated: 'The National Socialists did not show any trace of racial hatred toward blacks.'

Lawrence Dennis, who was also a defendent in America's Great Sedition Trial of 1944, believed by all to be a mockery of justice.

FASCISM & DHARMA The Great Sedition Trial of 1944 was a political show trial engineered by the American Jewish Committee, ADL and B'nai B'rith with the purpose of imprisoning anti-communist patriots who opposed FDR and his schemes to bring the country into World War II. The Smith Act of 1940 was used to prosecute the defendants. The case was designated as United States v. McWilliams where the defendants were charged with conspiracy to aid in establishment of a National Socialist form of government within the United States and attempting to demoralize the armed forces of the United States. A conviction carried a $10,000 fine and ten years’ imprisonment. The entire case was declared a mistrial after the presiding judge suddenly died. Months later another judge dismissed the charges against the defendants and called the case "a travesty on justice. So much for the lies of WWII Germany being a bunch of racists huh? That was all carefully implemented to get the world to hate Germany and trick them into helping the Judeo-tyrants destroy the German nation’s people. When the capital of the German Reich, Berlin, crumbled there was over a dozen nationalities defending it. There were Americans, British, French, Italians, Russians, Waloonians, Danes, Norwegians, Swedes, Iranians, Spaniards, Africans... the list goes on and on. In fact, the bulk of defenders were not even German. Artur Axmann, leader of the Hitler Youth, when

FASCISM & DHARMA fleeing through the fiery ruins of Berlin, was shocked when suddenly his group stumbled on: 'What we saw before our astonished eyes was a kind of SS international brigade-very few Germans but a lot of Danes, Swedes, Norwegians, Dutch, Belgians, Latvians and that French group called Kampfgruppe Charlemagne.' (O'Donnell, The Bunker, page 304) Imagine that. The last stand of the Third Reich, defended by foreign born troops. They met a fiery death because they believed in what they were fighting for. Look it up. Everywhere the German and Axis armies went they brought with them a high standard of living previously undreamt. To many remote parts of Russia, they brought with them modern civilization itself. The liberating German and Axis armies encountered poverty and despair on a level that shocked them to the core. The deathly policies of communism had not only crushed people's livelihoods, but destroyed their spirits. Joseph Goebbels described it best in one of his last writings, on April 20, 1945, in a newspaper piece called 'Our Hitler', celebrating the Führer's 56th birthday: Our enemies claim that the Führer’s soldiers marched as conquerors through the lands of Europe — but wherever they came, they brought prosperity and happiness, peace, order, reliable conditions, a plenitude of work, and therefore a decent life. Our enemies claim their

FASCISM & DHARMA soldiers came to the same lands as liberators — but wherever they come there is poverty and misery, chaos, devastation and destruction, unemployment, hunger and mass death. There were plans for the German armies and its allies in Russia, fighting Communism, to link up straight-away with the Japanese armies. Imagine, these great world powers, allies for many years, of such different races and cultures, meeting as friends on the battlefield, and then fighting together for a common goal. The Land of the Rising Sun and the Sons of the Swastika.8

Emil Maurice was an early member of the National Socialist German Workers Party and a founding member of the SS. Together with Erich Kempka, he served as one of Hitler's personal chauffeurs. He was Jewish and a founder of the SS. Maurice became a senior SS officer and would eventually be promoted to the rberführer. 8 Mourning The Ancient com truth

FASCISM & DHARMA

African Luftwaffe volunteers standing with German airman Thailand On December 21, 1941, a mutual offensive and defensive alliance pact was signed between Thailand and Japan. The Thai government declared war on Britain and the United States on January 25, 1942.

FASCISM & DHARMA

Thai volunteer in the service of the Wehrmacht in southern France, circa 1944.

SPAIN Symbol of the Spanish Falange political party. The word Falange = Phalanx, as in the tight military formation popularized by the Roman legions. Adolf Hitler approved the use of Spanish volunteers on June 24, 1941. Massive amounts of volunteers flocked to recruiting offices all over Spain. There was such a turn-out that over two divisions worth of men showed up to volunteer. It had been planned by the Spanish government to send only 4,000 men, but they soon realized that there were more than enough volunteers to fill an entire division! There were 18,104 men in all, with 2,612 officers and 15,492 soldiers. The Spanish were extremely eager to fight Communism, which had nearly destroyed their

FASCISM & DHARMA

country during the Spanish Civil War a few years earlier (not to mention pay back their German comrades who had fought alongside them in their civil war). After a grueling nearly 700 mile march to the Russian Front, the brave and tenacious Spaniards proved their worth under fire. Even after the fortunes of war turned against Germany and its Axis partners and the leader of Spain ordered the division home, thousands (close to 3,000) refused, choosing instead to fight on with their German comrades, who previously in 1936 had helped Spain win its civil war against the communists. On the Eastern Front, if Russian commanders found out they would be facing the Spanish division, they were known to lie to their men and tell them they would be facing 'regular' army soldiers. Such was their reputation for courage and fighting ability. These utterly loyal and ferocious Spaniards would later fight to the death defending Berlin. They were amongst the very last defenders of the ruins of the capital of the Reich, attached to Division Nordland, in the 'Unit Ezquerra' (named after their captain, Miguel Ezquerra, a veteran of the Blue Division).

FASCISM & DHARMA

•Miguel Ezquerra Sanchez (January 10, 1913 October 29, 1984) was a Spanish Falangist and a veteran of the Spanish Civil War. Loyal to his German comrades who helped Spain against the communists during its civil war, upon the outbreak of WW2 he immediately attempted to volunteer to help Germany. Although initially declined, when finally, Spain decided to send volunteers to fight communism on the Eastern Front he eagerly signed up. When Spain repatriated the division on April 2, 1944, under Allied pressure, Miguel Ezquerra secretly crossed the border and returned to Germany to fight on. Many other Spanish veterans returned as well and they joined the Waffen-SS. In December of 1944 Miguel Ezquerra took part in the Ardennes Offensive (Battle of the Bulge) and led a small group of his countrymen to great effect. In the closing days of WWII Miguel Ezquerra was in Berlin, amongst the hundreds of other Spanish volunteers defending Adolf Hitler's bunker. Once again he commanded a unit of the last of his brave countrymen. These exceptional human beings were known as Unit Ezquerra. This group of Spaniards destroyed many T-34 Soviet tanks trying again and again to take the

FASCISM & DHARMA German Foreign Ministry building and chancellery. After the war was over Miguel Ezquerra was arrested and ordered to be deported to a concentration camp in Russia, luckily he was able to escape, however. After a long odyssey which took him through numerous countries eventually he returned to Spain. In an interview many years later, in 1982, he revealed that during those hellish final moments in Berlin, when the forces of darkness were poised to destroy everything beautiful, he was personally awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross by Adolf Hitler himself. Furthermore, he was even granted honorary German citizenship personally by Adolf Hitler. (Source: Cfr. Interview Magazine, Vol. 339, Madrid, November 1982) Later in life he wrote a book entitled 'Life and Death in Berlin'. He died in Madrid in 1984, at 71 years old and was cremated. In 1995 his remains were placed beside his comrades of the valiant Blue Division in the Pantheon of the Blue Division of the Almudena Cemetery in Madrid, located on the 3rd plateau, Zone A of the cemetery. Brazil The Fascist movement in Brazil was founded by Plínio Salgado who led an organization called the 'Brazilian Integralist Action', a political party inspired by

FASCISM & DHARMA the Italian Fascist movement. During the Spanish Civil War members of the Brazilian Integralist Action sent volunteers to help fight communism. The Brazilian Integralist Action had widespread support from not only Italian immigrants and the large Portuguese community, but also from lower and middle class Brazilians and the military. The movement's paramilitary arm wore green shirts and conducted highly organized marches and demonstrations. The Roman salute was accompanied by the word 'Anauê', which means 'you are my brother'. The Greek letter sigma was the movement's official symbol. Mongolia

the Wehrmacht.

This is a very cool photo for a variety of reason. It shows a Mongolian volunteer of

This is a German Press Corps photo with a description of 'while serving in a German tank hunter battalion in France during the D-Day invasion.' Check out the Panzerfaust in his hand. Africa Dubats

FASCISM & DHARMA This poster depicts a Dubat warrior, who fought for the Italians in originated from Italian Somaliland, the word 'dubat' itself was derived from a Somali phrase meaning 'white turbans'. The poster compares the Dubat warriors to lions, and it would seem to be correct, as their record in combat was very good. They proved to be loyal, effective and well-disciplined troops. Note the yellow partial Fascii symbol in the background.

Dubat warriors assemble before the Italian flag in their

camp.

American

He was also a pioneer of 'welfare capitalism' which was designed to improve the lives of his workers. By paying his workers high wages ($5.00 a day equivalent to $120.00 a day today!) he kept the best workers and prevented the common heavy turnover rate. For once in America, the land of unbridled greed, someone was willing to share his wealth

FASCISM & DHARMA with his workers. This unheard of generosity had ripple effects all over the industry and forced other companies to compete with Ford or lose their best workers. Ford also was one of the few major corporations actively hiring black workers. Furthermore, he also hired women and the handicapped in a time when doing so was very rare. Ford even went further to improve the lives of his workers. He offered profit sharing to respectable and responsible workers in the company. He encouraged healthy lifestyles void of excessive drinking, gambling and even discouraged 'deadbeat' dads.

He was staunchly against labor unions, which he realized to be corrupt organizations hurting the workers. He was anti-war and very critical of those who financed war. During WWI he and 170 other prominent anti-war activists went to Europe on a 'peace ship' to try to stop the war. Of course, like usual, the warmongers won. In the early 1920s, Ford did a weekly newspaper called the Dearborn Independent. Famously this newspaper published The Protocols of the Elders of Zion. In February 1921, the New York World did an interview with Ford, where he said: 'The only statement I care to make about the Protocols is that they fit in with what is going on.' In Germany, Ford's articles exposing Jewry from The Dearborn Independent were published

FASCISM & DHARMA in four volumes, titled The International Jew - the World's Foremost Problem. In 1924 Heinrich Himmler described Ford as 'one of our most valuable, important, and witty fighters.' Ford also carries the honored distinction of being the only American mentioned in Mein Kampf. Adolf Hitler wrote: '...only a single great man, Ford, [who], to [the Jews'] fury, still maintains full independence...[from] the controlling masters of the producers in a nation of one hundred and twenty millions.' In 1931 Adolf Hitler said he regarded Ford as an 'inspiration'. He even kept a portrait of Ford next to his desk! In July 1938 on Ford's 75th birthday, the German consul in Cleveland gave him the award of the Grand Cross of the German Eagle, which was the highest medal National Socialist Germany could bestow on a foreigner. Jesse Owens Born James Cleveland Owens (September 12, 1913 - March 31, 1980). Known to the world and history as 'Jesse Owens'. Fourtime

FASCISM & DHARMA

Olympic gold medalist

Owens has won the gold – band is playing the Star Spangled Banner – the two German athletes saluteing the American Nation Anthum no arms rasied with fists of defience and hate. Jesse Owens, the gold medal Champion. His long-jump victory, which set a world record for 25 years, was depicted on Leni Riefenstahl's 1938 film 'Olympia'. If the Germans were so ashamed and spiteful about Owens' victory why did they include footage of his win in their

FASCISM & DHARMA celebrated film Olympia and countless other German print publications? Beside Owens in the picture is Germany's Luz Long who took second, and Japan's Naoto Tajima (left), who placed third. It is a little known fact that Jesse Owens and the

German champion Luz Long were great friends. The two developed a deep friendship and posed for photos together, they even walked armin-arm through the Olympic stadium to their dressing room during the games. Luz

Long was an extradinary champion, not to mention a martyr for Germany. He won the German long jump championship six times in 1933, 1934, 1936, 1937, 1938, and 1939! In 1936, at the time of the Olympic Summer Games, long held the European record in the long jump. It was the first time he would square off against Jesse Owens, who was the American world record holder. JOE LOUIS Born Joseph Louis Barrow (May 13, 1914 - April 12,

FASCISM & DHARMA 1981). Better known as Joe Louis, the heavy champion of the world from 1937-1949. He was nicknamed 'the Brown Bomber' and is considered to be one of the world's greatest boxers of all time. On June 19, 1936 Joe Louis and Germany's Max Schmeling squared off at Yankee Stadium in New York. The seats were sold out. It was the first Louis ever hit the canvas in 28 professional fights. After twelve rounds the fight ended with Schmeling the champion. Louis was knocked out by a punch to the jaw and was counted out. On June 22, 1938, exactly one year from the day that Joe Louis won the heavy weight title, Max Schmeling and Louis met again in the ring at Yankee Stadium. It was touted in the American press as a battle between the 'Aryan superman' and Louis. The press turned the fight into a racially charged circus. This battle would end with Louis being victorious. The press went wild. The 'Nazis' had been beaten by a 'nigger'. While they vilified Schmeling, the American press couldn't resist shamelessly attacking Louis. The Washington Post wrote 'Joe Louis, the lethargic, chickeneating young colored boy, reverted to his dreaded role of the "brown bomber" tonight.' While the United Press referred to Louis as 'a jungle man, completely primitive as any savage, out to destroy the thing he hates.'

FASCISM & DHARMA The truth is Joe Louis and Max Schmeling were friends. They became lifelong friends, with Schmeling even giving Louis financial assistance during the 1950's, after Louis had fallen on hard times caused by the Internal Revenue Service. When Louis took a job as a greeter at Caesars Palace hotel in Las Vegas, Schmeling would fly in to visit Louis every year. When Louis died 1981 Schmeling paid for part of Louis funeral expenses and was a pallbearer. Schmeling retired from the Coca-Cola Company in 1995* at the age 95, he died in 2000. The real racists were not Hitler's Germany. They were America and her allies. Americans in “the land of the free” It is a little known fact that thousands of Americans of Italian, Latin-American, and German ethnicity were also thrown into American concentration camps. Even Aleut people in Alaska were interned. A neatly hidden fact. There are many books that document this scarcely known treacherous act. Some examples are:

FASCISM & DHARMA •Una Storia Segreta : The Secret History of Italian American Evacuation and Internment During World War II by Lawrence Distasi ©2001 American wartime law greatly restricted the

freedoms and required identity cards of 600,000 Italian 'resident aliens'. 10,000 Italian-Americans along the West Coast were forcibly relocated and 250 were actually imprisoned in concentration camps for up to two years. Some Italian Americans were even forced to abandon their own homes and businesses. George Takei, of Star Trek fame, was one of the many victims of American racist policy. Here's his account of his experience in American concentration camps during WWII:

“ I was only a child when soldiers with bayonetted rifles marched up our driveway, banged on our door, and ordered us out. I remember my mother's tears as we gathered what little we could carry, and then were sent to live for many weeks in a single cramped horse stall. Our bank accounts were frozen, our businesses shuttered, and our homes with most

FASCISM & DHARMA of our belongings were left behind, all because of what we looked like.” 'A few months later, we were shipped off to the swamps, over a thousand miles away, by railcar. They placed in all one hundred twenty thousand of us inside barbed wire fences, machine guns pointed down at us from watch towers. We slept inside bug-infested barracks,

ate in a noisy mess hall, and relieved ourselves in common latrines that had no walls between the stalls. We were denied adequate medicines, shelter and supplies. I remember as a child looking up toward a U.S. flag in the room, as we recited the Pledge of Allegiance, those ironic words echoing, "with liberty, and justice for all."'

'Executive Order 9066, signed by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, was issued on the premise that anyone of Japanese descent could not be trusted and was to be treated as an enemy, even those of us who were American citizens, born in this land. We were viewed not as individual people, but as a yellow menace to be dealt with, and harshly. The guns pointed at

FASCISM & DHARMA us at every point reminded us that if we so much as tried to stand up for our dignity, there would

be violent consequences. The order and the ensuing confinement was an egregious violation of the constitution and of due process as we were held, without trial and without charge, awaiting our fate.' The American government turned the war against Japan into a race war. A mountain of American WWII posters and other propaganda materials center on race. They pounded it into the public's head that the Japanese were less than human, even akin to rats. This caused numerous atrocities against Japanese soldiers and Jcivilians during the war, as the American soldier was taught that these people weren't human. Above: This was first published in 1944 by the Dutch SS-Storm magazine in the etherlands. It's interesting that the 'horrible racist Nazis' would point out America's racism. They use the head

FASCISM & DHARMA of a Ku Klux Klan member, show blacks in a cage and dangle a noose, pointing to America's lynching of blacks. The figure is like Frankenstein's monster, a collage of the alldestroying Judeo-'democratic'-American culture. A Jewish/ Masonic apron is tied to the drums of war. A foot of a bloody bomb...

FASCISM & DHARMA

JAPAN

Above: Two young naval men of Germany and Japan sit down for a game of checkers. •One of Germany's strongest and most able allies, Japan fought on until the bloody end. On September 27, 1940 the Tripartite Pact, or Three-Power Pact, was signed.

FASCISM & DHARMA The fates of three remarkable peoples, Germany, Japan and Italy, were one, come what may.

Germany sent Japan some of its most sensitive and secret technology, right up until the end of the war. This extremely valuable information included: fighter jet blueprints including various engine designs and even atomic research-sending Japan a supply of heavy water, mercury and uranium, on the very last U-boat mission of the war. Adolf Hitler bestowed the title 'honorary Aryan' upon the Japanese following the Anti Comintern Pact on Communism in 1936. They were granted this status, which granted them numerous privileges in Germany, not simply for economic, military, or political reasons, but more so because of their racial integrity. This distinction was viewed by the Japanese people with pride and as a great compliment.

FASCISM & DHARMA Karl Haushofer, a German general, geographer, and geopolitician, saw Japan as the brother

nation to Germany. He traveled the Orient extensively and fell in love with Japan during a 1908 military mission to Tokyo to study the Japanese Army and to be an adviser. During his time in the Orient he learned Korean, Japanese, and Mandarin, adding these languages to his repertoire of German, Russian, French, and English. He called the Japanese people 'The Aryans of the East'. When all was lost in Europe for the Axis cause Japan invited Hitler and Mussolini to seek refuge in Japan. They declined, both of them would choose death fighting for the countries they loved. Banzai! 9 To onclude 9

Adolf Hitler and the Army of Mankind

FASCISM & DHARMA Thanks web site “Mourning The Ancient com truth - Adolf Hitler and the Army of Mankind” I highly recommend you see these sources footnoted in this book to see the enter story . Most excellent.

The pro Fascist movement was global in its range – in fact it is harder to find any nation that did not have some simpaphic groups, directly or indirectly active in the fascist cause. These were, largely Christains, and all were nationalist of their own. They were not Jew haters. Their enemy was International Communism what is todays unbridled greed, globalism, muli- culturlism, and proverty; a simple perhap who lacks these perveions The pro Fascist movement meant re discovering the creative values of their own races, re-discovering their culture holding. It was a quest for excellence, a noble ideal. National Socialist was not against the other races; they were for their own race. It aimed at defending, and improving their race, and wished that all other races did the same for themselves. That was demonstrated when the Waffen SS enlarged its ranks to include other races and nations, including 150,000 Jewish solders. This is why so many stood with these solders as volunteers of the Army for Mankind. But, we’ll live with the lies that will never die. THE "Holocaust"

FASCISM & DHARMA ‘Fraud or Truth ' I am not going to get into the dangerous quagmire of the holocaust - fact or fiction God’s command to “Tell the Truth “is supposed to induce people into doing the right thing. If the "Holocaust" creed serves only to enrich and empower its promoters, whilst financially and psychologically impoverishing the accused -that is Adharma. If the Holocaust is true that too would be Adharma. THE END

FASCISM & DHARMA Footnote The American Expermenation Eisenhower’s Andersonville

10

“ General Dwight Eisenhower served as Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army from 1945–48. Following the German unconditional surrender on May 8, 1945, Eisenhower was appointed Military Governor of the U.S. Occupation Zone, based in Frankfurt am Main. Germany was divided into four Occupation Zones, one each for the U.S., Britain, France, and the Soviet 10

True Democracy Party German Holocaust the Morgenthau plan Eisenhower’s death camps a forgotten-genocide

FASCISM & DHARMA Union. He made the decision to reclassify German prisoners of war (POWs) in U.S. custody as Disarmed Enemy Forces (DEFs), thus depriving them of the protection of the Geneva convention. As DEFs, their food rations could be lowered and they could be compelled to serve as unfree labor. Eisenhower was an early supporter of the Morgenthau Plan to permanently remove Germany's industrial capacity to wage future wars. In November 1945 he approved the distribution of 1000 free copies of Morgenthau's book Germany is Our Problem, which promoted and described the plan in detail, to American military officials in occupied Germany. Historian Stephen Ambrose draws the conclusion that, despite Eisenhower's later claims the act was not an endorsement of the Morgenthau plan, Eisenhower both approved of the plan and had previously given Morgenthau at least some of his ideas about how Germany should be treated.[1] He also incorporated officials from Morgenthau's Treasury into the army of occupation. These were commonly called "Morgenthau boys" for their zeal in interpreting the occupation directive JCS 1067, which had been heavily influenced by Morgenthau and his plan, as strictly as possible.[2] Canadian novelist James Bacque has alleged that U.S. General Dwight Eisenhower oversaw the deaths by starvation or exposure of one million German prisoners of war held in Western internment camps after the Second World War. Bacque charges that hundreds of

FASCISM & DHARMA thousands of German prisoners of war (POWs), redesignated as "Disarmed Enemy Forces" in order to avoid recognition under the third Geneva Convention, were recorded as entering the camps but not recorded as transferring out, so they must have died. He also points to a German report recording the death of 1.4 million German POWs, and Soviet data accounting for only 450,600 of these deaths. The remainder, he says, must then have died in Western camps. In his book Other Losses, Bacque recounts interviews with people who claimed to have witnessed trucks full of dead leaving the camps each day, and civilian women who say they were fired upon while trying to throw bread over the camp fence. The fact that Red Cross inspectors were banned, Red Cross food aid was returned, building of shelters was forbidden and soldiers were kept on short rations are seen by Bacque as a "method of the genocide." Another critic of Eisenhower's policy in Germany was Senator Homer E. Capehart. Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower frequently clashed with Gen. George S. Patton, a staunch antiCommunist who favored generous treatment of former German officers and even some former National Socialists. Patton felt that "It is no more possible for a man to be a civil servant in Germany and not have paid lip service to the National Socialists than it is for a man to be a postmaster in America and not have paid at least lip service to the Democratic Party or the

FASCISM & DHARMA Republican Party when they are in power," and his vocal complaints eventually led to his being relieved of his command as post-war governor of Bavaria. The controversial general who had once been one of the most feared enemies of the German army admired Germans and after the war even called them "the only decent people left in Europe." He complained of what he considered persecution of the German people and saw it as serving the interests of the Soviet Union, not the United States[1]. American Treasury Secretary Henry Morgenthau, Jr. had written a book outlining the Morgenthau Plan, Germany is Our Problem. In November 1945 General Eisenhower, at the time Military Governor of the U.S. Occupation Zone in Germany, approved the distribution of one thousand free copies of the book to American military officials in Germany. Historian Stephen Ambrose draws the conclusion that not only did Eisenhower approve of the plan, he had, in fact, contributed to it while it was being written.[3] In response to suggestions from his own military government in Germany that the Potsdam agreement be interpreted less strictly as regards the lowering of the peoples standards of living Eisenhower in October 1945 stated his position to the press as "...I say let Germany find out what it means to start a war."[4] In order to impress the German people with the Allied opinion of them, a strict non fraternization policy was adhered to by

FASCISM & DHARMA Eisenhower and the War department. However, thanks to pressure from the State Department and individual US congressmen this policy was eventually lifted in stages. In June 1945 the prohibition against speaking with German children was made less strict. In July it became possible to speak to German adults in certain circumstances. In September the whole policy was completely dropped in Austria and Germany. The prohibition on marriage between Americans and German or Austrian civilians remained until (Austria: January, Germany: December) 1946.[5] For the treatment of German children see War children. Using data from US Army records Bacque has estimated that 726,000 German prisoners died of starvation or disease while in U.S. captivity. A number of historians, including Niall Ferguson, maintain that this is a gross overestimation.[6] However, "the mortality rate for German POW's in U.S. hands was more than 4 times higher than the rate for those who surrendered to the British".[7] Furthermore, another advantage with surrendering to the British rather than the Americans was that besides treating German prisoners better than the U.S. did, the British were also less likely to hand German prisoners over to the Soviet Union.[8]

Large numbers of German prisoners were transferred between the Allies. The U.S gave 765,000 to France, 76,000

FASCISM & DHARMA to Benelux countries, and 200,000 to the Soviet Union. The U.S. also chose to refuse to accept the surrender of German troops attempting to surrender in Saxony and Bohemia. These soldiers were instead handed over to the Soviet Union.[9] (The Soviet Union in turn handed German prisoners over to other Eastern European nations, for example 70,000 to Poland)[10] Death rates of German soldiers held prisoner in the Soviet Union was 35.8%.[11] American food policy in post-war Germany - Refusal to Feed German Civilians. Throughout all of 1945 the Allies forces of occupation ensured that no international aid reached ethnic Germans. [12] It was directed that all relief went to non-German displaced persons, liberated Allied POWs, and concentration camp inmates.[13] General Lucius Clay, then Deputy to General Eisenhower, stated: “ I feel that the Germans should suffer from hunger and from cold as I believe such suffering is necessary to make them realize the consequences of a war which they caused.[14] ” The German Red Cross was dissolved, and the International Red Cross and the few other allowed international relief agencies were kept from helping Germans through strict controls on supplies and on travel.[13] The few agencies

FASCISM & DHARMA permitted to help Germans, such as the indigenous Caritas Verband, were not allowed to use imported supplies. When the Vatican attempted to transmit food supplies from Chile to German infants the U.S. State Department forbade it.[15] During 1945 it was estimated that the average German civilian in the U.S. and the United Kingdom occupation zones received 1,200 calories a day.[16] Meanwhile non-German Displaced Persons were receiving 2,300 calories through emergency food imports and Red Cross help.[17] In early October 1945 the UK government privately acknowledged in a cabinet meeting that German civilian adult death rates had risen to four times the pre-war levels and death rates amongst the German children had risen by 10 times the pre-war levels. [16] General Lucius Clay stated in October 1945 that:

“undoubtedly a large number of refugees have already died of starvation, exposure and disease…. The death rate in many places has increased several fold, and infant mortality is approaching 65 percent in many places. By the spring of 1946, German observers expect that epidemics and malnutrition will claim 2.5 to 3 million victims between the Oder and Elbe. [16] ” In early 1946 U.S. President Harry S. Truman finally bowed to pressure from Senators, Congress and public to allow foreign relief

FASCISM & DHARMA organization to enter Germany in order to review the food situation. In mid-1946 nonGerman relief organizations were finally permitted to help starving German children.[18] During 1946 the average German adult received less than 1,500 calories a day. 2,000 calories was then considered the minimum an individual can endure on for a limited period of time with reasonable health. [19] The German food situation became worst during the very cold winter of 1946-1947, when German calorie intake ranged from 1,000-1,500 calories per day, a situation made worse by severe lack of fuel for heating. [20] Average adult calorie intake in U.S was 3,200-3,300, in UK 2,900 and in U.S. Army 4,000.[21] In a comparative U.S. government study [22] run by former U.S. President Herbert Hoover and published in February 1947, the nutritional situation surveyed in some of Germany's neighbor states (Italy, France, Belgium, Netherlands and the UK) was close to pre-war normal, while the nutritional situation for certain population groups in Germany (mainly children and the elderly) was disastrously low. The historian Nicholas Balabkins notes that the Allied restrictions placed on German steel production, and their control over to where the produced coal and steel was delivered, meant that offers by Western European nations to trade food for desperately needed German coal and machinery were rejected. Neither the Italians nor the Dutch could sell the vegetables that they

FASCISM & DHARMA had previously sold in Germany, with the consequence that the Dutch had to destroy considerable proportions of their crop. Denmark offered 150 tons of lard a month; Turkey offered hazelnuts; Norway offered fish and fish oil; Sweden offered considerable amounts of fats. The Allies were however not willing to let the Germans trade. [23] Another consequence of the Allied policy of "Industrial Disarmament" (see The industrial plans for Germany) was that there was a drastic fall in fertilizer available for the German agriculture, further decreasing the food production. [24] German infant mortality rate was twice that of other nations in Western Europe until the close of 1948. [25]

The adequate feeding of the German population in occupied Germany was an Allied legal obligation [26] [27] under Article 43 of The 1907 Hague Rules of Land Warfare.[28] Richard Dominic Wiggers draws in "The United States and the Refusal to Feed German Civilians after World War II" the conclusion that not only did the Allies violate international law when it comes to the feeding of enemy civilians, they both directly and indirectly caused the unnecessary suffering and death of large numbers of civilians and POW's in occupied Germany, guided partly by a spirit of postwar vengeance when creating the circumstances that contributed to their deaths. [29]

FASCISM & DHARMA Allied forced labor policy in post-war Germany Eisenhower also did not oppose the transfers of POWs for forced labor. The topic of using Germans as forced labor was first broached at the Tehran conference, where Soviet premier Joseph Stalin demanded at least 4,000,000 German workers to repair enormous damage inflicted by German invasion on Soviet Union [2] . It was included in the Morgenthau Plan and was finally included in the protocol of the Yalta conference where it was sanctioned by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Although not included in the protocol of the Potsdam conference the policy was nevertheless later implemented de facto. In March 1947 4,000,000 Germans were being used as forced labor [30]. General Eisenhower transferred several hundred thousands of POWs to the Soviets [31] which used them, alongside Soviet captured POWs and German civilians, as forced laborers (See also Forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union for the fate of the civilians). Death rates for the German civilians doing forced labor in the Soviet Union ranged between 19% - 39%, depending on category. Most German POW survivors of the forced labor camps in the Soviet Union were released in 1953. [32][33]. The last Germans were repatriated in 1956. The U.S. used over 500,000 German POWs in Germany in Military Labor Service Units [34].

FASCISM & DHARMA Great Britain used 225,000 Germans as “reparations labor”. In addition to the 200,000 Germans held by French forces (and 70,000 held by France in Algeria), France demanded 1,700,000 POWs for use as “enforced labor”.[35] In July 1945 they were promised 1,300,000 POWs by the SHAEF. The number of actually delivered prisoners is debated, as is the number of surviving POWs eventually released by the French.[36] General George S. Patton commented in his diary “I’m also opposed to sending POW’s to work as slaves in foreign lands (in particular, to France) where many will be starved to death.” He also noted “It

is amusing to recall that we fought the revolution in defense of the rights of man and the civil war to abolish slavery and have now gone back on both principles”.[36] On 12 October 1945 The New York Herald Tribune reported that the French were starving their POWs, and compared their emaciation to that of those liberated from the Dachau concentration camp[37]. German prisoners were for example forced to clear minefields in France and the Low Countries. By December 1945 it was estimated by French authorities that 2,000 German prisoners were being killed or maimed each month in mine-clearing accidents.[38] On 13 March 1947 the U.S. made an agreement with the French to the effect that roughly 450,000 German prisoners would be released, at a rate of 20,000 a month. This number included the roughly 200,000 prisoners the French had

FASCISM & DHARMA themselves captured.[39]. In Norway the last available casualty record, from August 29, 1945, shows that by that time a total of 275 German soldiers had been killed while clearing mines, while an additional 392 had been maimed.[3] In discussions between France and the US in early 1947 regarding whether France should begin repatriating its German prisoners it was noted that of the 740,000 handed over by the U.S. to France for forced labor only 450,000 remained; 290,000 had been "stricken off the rolls".[4] The “offical”– sanctioned version of the Defense of Eisenhower In a 1991 New York Times book review, historian and Eisenhower biographer Stephen Ambrose responded to Mr. Bacque: Mr. Bacque is wrong on every major charge and nearly all his minor ones. Eisenhower was not a Hitler, he did not run death camps, German prisoners did not die by the hundreds of thousands, there was a severe food shortage in 1945, there was nothing sinister or secret about the "disarmed enemy forces" designation or about the column "other losses." Mr. Bacque's "missing million" were old men and young boys in the Volkssturm (People's Militia) released without formal discharge and transfers of POWs to other allies control areas. Maj. Ruediger Overmans of the German Office of Military History in Freiburg who wrote the

FASCISM & DHARMA final volume of the official German history of the war estimated that the total death by all causes of German prisoners in American hands could not have been greater than 56,000 approximately 1% of the over 5,000,000 German POWs in Allied hands exclusive of the Soviets. Eisenhower's calculations as to how many people he would be required to feed in occupied Germany in 1945-46 were too low and he had been asking for more food shipments since February 1945. He had

badly underestimated the number of German soldiers surrendering to the Western Allies; more than five million, instead of the anticipated three million as German soldiers crossed the Elbe River to escape the Russians. So too with German civilians - about 13 million altogether crossing the Elbe to escape the Russians, and the number of slave laborers and displaced persons liberated was almost 8 million instead of the 5 million expected. In short, Eisenhower faced shortages even before he learned that there were at least 17 million more people to feed in Germany than he had expected not to mention all of the other countries in war ravaged Europe, the Philippines, Okinawa and Japan. All Europe went on rations for the next three years, including Britain, until the food crisis was over. [40] In the United States Harry S. Truman, one of several Eisenhower bosses, on taking office in April 1945 he selected Clinton Presba Anderson

FASCISM & DHARMA to serve as his Secretary of Agriculture and in 1946 enlisted former President Herbert Hoover to serve as chairman of a Famine Emergency Committee to see about getting food to Europe, Japan and other countries facing famine. They worked hard to acquaint the public of the need to scrimp on food, minimize food waste, minimize grain fed to animals or used to make beer and whiskey, and maximize grain production and shipments to Europe and Japan from the United States and other countries in South America. [5]. In January 1947 the turn came to dealing also with the food shortages in Austria and Germany, and Hoover was sent on a mission to examine the situation also in these countries.[41] In a 1989 Time Magazine book review Ambrose did however, apart from his criticisms of the book, concede that: We as Americans can't duck the fact that terrible things happened. And they happened at the end of a war we fought for decency and freedom, and they are not excusable.[42] Several historians rebutting Bacque have argued that the missing POWs simply went home, that Red Cross food aid was sent to displaced civilians and that German POWs were fed the same rations that the US Army was providing to the civilian population. US and German sources estimate the number of German POWs who died in captivity at between 56,000 or 78,000 or about one percent of all German prisoners

FASCISM & DHARMA which is roughly the same as the percentage of American POWs who died in German captivity.[43]

Lack of records There are no longer any surviving records showing which German POWs and Disarmed Enemy Forces who were in U.S. custody prior to roughly September 1945. The early standard operating procedure for handling POWs and Disarmed Enemy Forces was to send a copy of the POW form to the Central Registry of War Criminals and Security Suspects (CROWCASS). However, this practice was apparently stopped as impractical, and all copies of the POW forms, roughly eight million, were destroyed.[44][45] 11 Quotes "Starting in April 1945, the United States Army and the French Army casually annihilated one million [German] men, most of them in American camps . . . Eisenhower's hatred, passed through the lens of a compliant military bureaucracy, produced the horror of death camps unequalled by anything in American history . . . an enormous war crime." —--Col. Ernest F. Fisher, PhD Lt.101 st Airborne Division, Senior Historian, United States Army.[46] 11

Metapedia Eisenhower and post-war German mass deaths

FASCISM & DHARMA "…Under no circumstances may food supplies be assembled among the local inhabitants in order to deliver them to prisoners of war. Those who violate this command and nevertheless try to circumvent this blockade to allow something to come to the prisoners place themselves in danger of being shot…" —Eisenhower, 1945.[47] See also ## In_Eisenhower's_death_camps ## Rheinwiesenlager ## Morgenthau Plan U.S. proposed post surrender plan for Germany. ## Germany Must Perish External links ## Did the Allies Starve Millions of Germans? - This James Bacque article seems to be the main source for the genocide accusation ## Stephen Ambrose's lengthy rebuttal of Bacque's claims ## Bacque and US Army historian Fisher's reply to Ambrose ## Letters to the Editor of New Tork Times in response to Ambrose's review of "Other losses". ## The U.S. Army in the Occupation of Germany, by Earl F. Ziemke, Center of Military History, United States Army, 1975

FASCISM & DHARMA ## Várdy, Steven Béla and Tooly, T. Hunt: Ethnic Cleansing in Twentieth-Century Europe Available as MS Word for Windows file (3.4 MB) Section: by Richard Dominic Wiggers, The United States and the Refusal to Feed German Civilians after World War II pp. 274 - 288 ## Tarczai, Bela: Hungarian Prisoners of War in French Captivity 1945-47 On the Allied transfer of Hungarian POW's for forced labour, and their resulting death rates. Available as a PDF file only (57 kB) ## The Road Ahead: Lessons in Nation Building from Japan, Germany, and Afghanistan for Postwar Iraq, by Ray Salvatore Jennings May 2003, Peaceworks No. 49, United States Institute of Peace ## Americans are Losing the Victory in Europe, and Grim Europe Faces Winter of Misery Life magazine January 7 1946 ## Oral History Interview with General William H. Draper Jr. Chief, Economics Division, Control Council for Germany, 1945-46 ## Oral History Interview with General Lucius D. Clay Deputy to General Eisenhower, 1945; deputy military governor, Germany (U.S.) 1946; commander in chief, U.S. Forces in Europe and military governor, U.S. Zone, Germany, 1947– 49; retired 1949. ## "An ethical blank cheque" British and US mythology about the second world war ignores

FASCISM & DHARMA our own crimes and legitimises Anglo American war making Richard Drayton Tuesday May 10, 2005 The Guardian ## Prisoner Taking and Prisoner Killing in the Age of Total War: Towards a Political Economy of Military Defeat ## Chechar.wordpress.com Notes 1.↑ Ambrose, Stephen (1983). Eisenhower: Soldier, General of the Army, President-Elect (1893–1952). New York: Simon & Schuster, 422. 2.↑ Petrov, Vladimir (1967). Money and conquest; allied occupation currencies in World War II.. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 228–229. 3.↑ John Dietrich. The Morgenthau Plan: Soviet Influence on American Postwar Policy (2002) pg. 27 4.↑ Trouble in Germany Time Magazine Monday, Oct. 22, 1945

5.↑ Perry Biddiscombe "Dangerous Liaisons: The Anti-Fraternization Movement in the U.S. Occupation Zones of Germany and Austria, 1945-1948", Journal of Social History 34.3 (2001) p. 619 6.↑ Niall Ferguson, "Prisoner Taking and Prisoner Killing in the Age of Total War: Towards a Political Economy of Military

FASCISM & DHARMA Defeat" War in History 2004 11 (2) 148–192 pg. 187 7.↑ Niall Ferguson, "Prisoner Taking and Prisoner Killing in the Age of Total War: Towards a Political Economy of Military Defeat" War in History 2004 11 (2) 148–192 pg. 188 8.↑ Niall Ferguson, "Prisoner Taking and Prisoner Killing in the Age of Total War: Towards a Political Economy of Military Defeat" War in History 2004 11 (2) 148–192 pg. 189 9.↑ Niall Ferguson, "Prisoner Taking and Prisoner Killing in the Age of Total War: Towards a Political Economy of Military Defeat" War in History 2004 11 (2) 148–192 pg. 189, (footnote, referenced to: H. Nawratil, Die deutschen Nachkriegsverluste unter Vertriebenen, Gefangenen und Verschleppter: mit einer übersicht über die europäischen Nachkriegsverluste (Munich and Berlin, 1988), pp. 36f.) 10.↑ Niall Ferguson, "Prisoner Taking and Prisoner Killing in the Age of Total War: Towards a Political Economy of Military Defeat" War in History 2004 11 (2) 148–192 pg. pg 164. 11.↑ Niall Ferguson, "Prisoner Taking and Prisoner Killing in the Age of Total War: Towards a Political Economy of Military Defeat" War in History 2004 11 (2) 148–192 pg. 186 (Table 4)

FASCISM & DHARMA 12.↑ Steven Bela Vardy and T. Hunt Tooley, eds. Ethnic Cleansing in Twentieth-Century Europe ISBN 0-88033-995-0. subsection by Richard Dominic Wiggers, “The United States and the Refusal to Feed German Civilians after World War II” pg. 281 13.↑ 13.0 13.1 Richard Dominic Wiggers pg. 281-282 14.↑ Richard Dominic Wiggers pg. 278 15.↑ Richard Dominic Wiggers pg. 281 16.↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 Richard Dominic Wiggers pg. 280 17.↑ Richard Dominic Wiggers pg. 279 18.↑ Richard Dominic Wiggers pg. 282 19.↑ Richard Dominic Wiggers pg. 284

20.↑ Richard Dominic Wiggers p. 244 21.↑ Richard Dominic Wiggers p. 285 22.↑ Herbert Hoover. "The Presidents Economic Mission to Germany and Austria: Report No. 1 German Agriculture and Food Requirements", February 28, 1947. p. 9 23.↑ Nicholas Balabkins, "Germany Under Direct Controls: Economic Aspects of Industrial Disarmament 1945 - 1948", Rutgers University Press, 1964 p. 125 24.↑ Nicholas Balabkins, "Germany Under Direct Controls: Economic Aspects of Industrial

FASCISM & DHARMA Disarmament 1945 - 1948", Rutgers University Press, 1964 p. 91 25.↑ Richard Dominic Wiggers pg. 286 26.↑ Nicholas Balabkins, "Germany Under Direct Controls: Economic Aspects of Industrial Disarmament 1945 - 1948", Rutgers University Press, 1964 p. 101 27.↑ Richard Dominic Wiggers p. 274 28.↑ Richard Dominic Wiggers p. 279. "In postwar Germany and Japan, the U.S. Army financed the most urgent food imports by citing obligations under Article 43 of The Hague Rules of Land Warfare." 29.↑ Richard Dominic Wiggers p. 288 30.↑ John Dietrich. The Morgenthau Plan: Soviet Influence on American Postwar Policy (2002) pg. 123 31.↑ Dietrich pg. 124 32.↑ Time Magazine Oct. 12, 1953 Homecoming 33.↑ Time Magazine, 7 July 1952 2,500,000 Missing 34.↑ Dietrich pg. 125 35.↑ Dietrich pg. 126 36.↑ 36.0 36.1 Dietrich pg. 127 37.↑ Dietrich pg. 129

FASCISM & DHARMA 38.↑ S. P. MacKenzie "The Treatment of Prisoners of War in World War II" The Journal of Modern History, Vol. 66, No. 3. (Sep., 1994), pp. 487-520. 39.↑ Dietrich pg. 134 40.↑ Ike and the Disappearing Atrocities New York Times Book Review, February 24, 1991.

41.↑ TRUMAN AND HOOVER: FRIENDS An article from Whistle Stop the Newsletter of the Harry S. Truman Library Institute Volume 18, Number 2, 1990 42.↑ Ike's Revenge? Time Magazine Monday, Oct. 2, 1989 43.↑ War in History - Sign In Page 44.↑ US Department of Justice, Criminal Division, In the Matter of Josef Mengele: A Report to the Attorney General of the United States (Washington, DC: Department of Justice, 1992) (DD 247 .M46 U55 1991). Available from Jewish Virtual Library as PDF (15MB) or from the rotten dot com archiveas html 45.↑ Note: the file was originally available for download from the United States Department of Justice homepage, 46.↑ One Million German POWs Killed After WWII by Allies ================================== ===========

FASCISM & DHARMA Fascism Doctrine and Institutions, by Benito Mussolini. (This article, co-written by Giovanni Gentile, is considered to be the most complete articulation of Mussolini's political views. This is the only complete official translation copied directly from an official Fascist government publication of 1935, Like all sound political conceptions, Fascism is action and it is thought; action in which doctrine is immanent, and doctrine arising from a given system of historical forces in which it is inserted, and working on them from within (1). It has therefore a form correlated to contingencies of time and space; but it has also an ideal content which makes it an expression of truth in the higher region of the history of thought (2). There is no way of exercising a spiritual influence in the world as a human will dominating the will of others, unless one has a conception both of the transient and the specific reality on which that action is to be exercised, and of the permanent and universal reality in which the transient dwells and has its being. To know men, one must know man; and to know man one must be acquainted with reality and its laws. There can be no conception of the State which is not fundamentally a conception of life: philosophy or intuition, system of ideas evolving within the framework of logic or concentrated in a vision or a faith, but always, at least potentially, an organic conception of the world. SPIRITUAL VIEW OF LIFE

FASCISM & DHARMA Thus many of the practical expressions of Fascism such as party organization, system of education, and discipline can only be understood when considered in relation to its general attitude toward life. A spiritual attitude (3). Fascism sees in the world not only those superficial, material aspects in which man appears as an individual, standing by himself, self-centered, subject to natural law, which

instinctively urges him toward a life of selfish momentary pleasure; it sees not only the individual but the nation and the country; individuals and generations bound together by a moral law, with common traditions and a mission which suppressing the instinct for life closed in a brief circle of pleasure, builds up a higher life, founded on duty, a life free from the limitations of time and space, in which the individual, by self-sacrifice, the renunciation of self-interest, by death itself, can achieve that purely spiritual existence in which his value as a man consists. The conception is therefore a spiritual one, arising from the general reaction of the century against the materialistic positivism of the XIXth century. Antipositivistic but positive; neither skeptical nor agnostic; neither pessimistic nor supinely optimistic as are, generally speaking, the doctrines (all negative) which place the center of life outside man; whereas, by the exercise of his free will, man can and must create his own world. Fascism wants man to be active and to engage in action with all his energies; it wants him to be manfully aware of the difficulties besetting him and ready to face them. It conceives of life as a struggle

FASCISM & DHARMA in which it behooves a man to win for himself a really worthy place, first of all by fitting himself (physically, morally, intellectually) to become the implement required for winning it. As for the individual, so for the nation, and so for mankind (4). Hence the high value of culture in all its forms (artistic, religious, scientific) (5) and the outstanding importance of education. Hence also the essential value of work, by which man subjugates nature and creates the human world (economic, political, ethical, and intellectual). This positive conception of life is obviously an ethical one. It invests the whole field of reality as well as the human activities which master it. No action is exempt from moral judgment; no activity can be despoiled of the value which a moral purpose confers on all things. Therefore, life, as conceived of by the Fascist, is serious, austere, and religious; all its manifestations are poised in a world sustained by moral forces and subject to spiritual responsibilities. The Fascist disdains an “easy" life (6). The Fascist conception of life is a religious one (7), in which man is viewed in his immanent relation to a higher law, endowed with an objective will transcending the individual and raising him to conscious membership of a spiritual society. "Those who perceive nothing beyond opportunistic considerations in the religious policy of the Fascist regime fail to realize that Fascism is not only a system of government but also and above all a system of thought. THE IMPORTANCE OF TRADITION

FASCISM & DHARMA In the Fascist conception of history, man is man only by virtue of the spiritual process to which he contributes as a member of the family, the social group, the nation, and in function of history to which all nations bring their contribution. Hence the great value of tradition in records, in language, in customs, in the rules of social life (8). Outside history man is a nonentity. REJECTION OF INDIVIDUALISM AND THE IMPORTANCE OF THE STATE Fascism is therefore opposed to all individualistic abstractions based on eighteenth century materialism; and it is opposed to all Jacobinistic utopias and innovations. It does not believe in the possibility of "happiness" on earth as conceived by the economistic literature of the XVIIIth century, and it therefore rejects the theological notion that at some future time the human family will secure a final settlement of all its difficulties. This notion runs counter to experience which teaches that life is in continual flux and in process of evolution. In politics Fascism aims at realism; in practice it desires to deal only with those problems which are the spontaneous product of historic conditions and which find or suggest their own solutions (9). Only by entering in to the process of reality and taking possession of the forces at work within it, can man act on man and on nature (10). Anti-individualistic, the Fascist conception of life stresses the importance of the State and accepts the individual only in so far as his interests coincide with those of the State, which stands for the conscience and the universal, will of man as a

FASCISM & DHARMA historic entity (11). It is opposed to classical liberalism which arose as a reaction to absolutism and exhausted its historical function when the State became the expression of the conscience and will of the people. Liberalism denied the State in the name of the individual; Fascism reasserts the rights of the State as expressing the real essence of the individual (12). And if liberty is to he the attribute of living men and not of abstract dummies invented by individualistic liberalism, then Fascism stands for liberty, and for the only liberty worth having, the liberty of the State and of the individual within the State (13). The Fascist conception of the State is all embracing; outside of it no human or spiritual values can exist, much less have value. Thus understood, Fascism, is totalitarian, and the Fascist State - a synthesis and a unit inclusive of all values interprets, develops, and potentates the whole life of a people (14). No individuals or groups (political parties, cultural associations, economic unions, social classes) outside the State (15). Fascism is therefore opposed to Socialism to which unity within the State (which amalgamates classes into a single economic and ethical reality) is unknown, and which sees in history nothing but the class struggle. Fascism is likewise opposed to trade unionism as a class weapon. But

when brought within the orbit of the State, Fascism recognizes the real needs which gave rise to socialism and trade unionism, giving them due weight in the guild or corporative system in which divergent interests are coordinated and harmonized in the unity of the State (16).

FASCISM & DHARMA Grouped according to their several interests, individuals form classes; they form trade-unions when organized according to their several economic activities; but first and foremost they form the State, which is no mere matter of numbers, the suns of the individuals forming the majority. Fascism is therefore opposed to that form of democracy which equates a nation to the majority, lowering it to the level of the largest number (17); but it is the purest form of democracy if the nation be considered as it should be from the point of view of quality rather than quantity, as an idea, the mightiest because the most ethical, the most coherent, the truest, expressing itself in a people as the conscience and will of the few, if not, indeed, of one, and ending to express itself in the conscience and the will of the mass, of the whole group ethnically molded by natural and historical conditions into a nation, advancing, as one conscience and one will, along the self same line of development and spiritual formation (18). Not a race, nor a geographically defined region, but a people, historically perpetuating itself; a multitude unified by an idea and imbued with the will to live, the will to power, self-consciousness, personality (19). In so far as it is embodied in a State, this higher personality becomes a nation. It is not the nation which generates the State; that is an antiquated naturalistic concept which afforded a basis for XIXth century publicity in favor of national governments. Rather is it the State which creates the nation, conferring volition and therefore real life on a people made aware of their moral unity.

FASCISM & DHARMA The right to national independence does not arise from any merely literary and idealistic form of selfconsciousness; still less from a more or less passive and unconscious de facto situation, but from an active, self-conscious, political will expressing itself in action and ready to prove its rights. It arises, in short, from the existence, at least in fieri, of a State. Indeed, it is the State which, as the expression of a universal ethical will, creates the right to national independence (20). A nation, as expressed in the State, is a living, ethical entity only in so far as it is active. Inactivity is death. Therefore the State is not only Authority which governs and confers legal form and spiritual value on individual wills, but it is also Power which makes its will felt and respected beyond its own frontiers, thus affording practical proof of the universal character of the decisions necessary to ensure its development. This implies organization and expansion, potential if not actual. Thus the State equates itself to the will of man, whose development cannot he checked by obstacles and which, by achieving self-expression, demonstrates its infinity (21). FASCIST STATE AS A SPIRITUAL FORCE

The Fascist State, as a higher and more powerful expression of personality, is a force, but a spiritual one. It sums up all the manifestations of the moral and intellectual life of man. Its functions cannot therefore be limited to those of enforcing order and keeping the peace, as the liberal doctrine had it. It is no mere mechanical device for defining the sphere within which the individual may duly exercise his

FASCISM & DHARMA supposed rights. The Fascist State is an inwardly accepted standard and rule of conduct, a discipline of the whole person; it permeates the will no less than the intellect. It stands for a principle which becomes the central motive of man as a member of civilized society, sinking deep down into his personality; it dwells in the heart of the man of action and of the thinker, of the artist and of the man of science: soul of the soul (22). Fascism, in short, is not only a law-giver and a founder of institutions, but an educator and a promoter of spiritual life. It aims at refashioning not only the forms of life but their content - man, his character, and his faith. To achieve this propose it enforces discipline and uses authority, entering into the soul and ruling with undisputed sway. Therefore, it has chosen as its emblem the Lictor’s rods, the symbol of unity, strength, and justice. POLITICAL AND SOCIAL DOCTRINE - EVOLUTION FROM SOCIALISM When in the now distant March of 1919, speaking through the columns of the Popolo d'Italia I summoned to Milan the surviving interventionists who had intervened, and who had followed me ever since the foundation of the Fasci of revolutionary action in January 1915, I had in mind no specific doctrinal program. The only doctrine of which I had practical experience was that of socialism, from until the winter of 1914 - nearly a decade. My experience was that both of a follower and a leader but it was not doctrinal experience. My doctrine during that period had been the doctrine of action. A uniform, universally accepted doctrine of Socialism

FASCISM & DHARMA had not existed since 1905, when the revisionist movement, headed by Bernstein, arose in Germany, countered by the formation, in the see-saw of tendencies, of a left revolutionary movement which in Italy never quitted the field of phrases, whereas, in the case of Russian socialism, it became the prelude to Bolshevism. Reformism, evolutionism, centrism, the very echo of that terminology is dead, while in the great river of Fascism one can trace currents which had their source in Sorel, Peguy, Lagardelle of the Movement Socialists, and in the cohort of Italian syndicalist who from 1904 to 1914 brought a new note into the Italian socialist environment - previously

emasculated and chloroformed by fornicating with Giolitti's party - a note sounded in Olivetti's Pagine Libere, Orano's Lupa, Enrico Leone's Divenirs Socials. When the war ended in 1919 Socialism, as a doctrine, was already dead; it continued to exist only as a grudge, especially in Italy where its only chance lay in inciting to reprisals against the men who had willed the war and who were to be made to pay for it. The Popolo d'Italia described itself in its subtitle as the daily organ of fighters and producers. The word producer was already the expression of a mental trend. Fascism was not the nursling of a doctrine previously drafted at a desk; it was born of the need of action, and was action; it was not a party but, in the first two years, an anti-party and a movement. The name I gave the organization fixed its character.

FASCISM & DHARMA Yet if anyone cares to reread the now crumpled sheets of those days giving an account of the meeting at which the Italian Fasci di combattimento were founded, he will find not a doctrine but a series of pointers, forecasts, hints which, when freed from the inevitable matrix of contingencies, were to develop in a few years’ time into a series of doctrinal positions entitling Fascism to rank as a political doctrine differing from all others, past or present. “If the bourgeoisie - I then said - believe that they have found in us their lightening-conductors, they arc mistaken. We must go towards the people... We wish the working classes to accustom themselves to the responsibilities of management so that they may realize that it is no easy matter to run a business... We will fight both technical and spiritual rearguirdism... Now that the succession of the re-gime is open we must not be fainthearted. We must rush forward; if the present regime is to be superseded we must take its place. The right of succession is ours, for we urged the country to enter the war and we led it to victory... The existing forms of political representation cannot satisfy us; we want direst representation of the several interests... It may be objected that this program implies a return to the guilds (corporazioni). No matter!. I therefore hope this assembly will accept the economic claims advanced by national syndicalism … Is it not strange that from the very first day, at Piazza San Sepolcro, the word "guild" (corporazione) was pronounced, a word which, as

FASCISM & DHARMA the Revolution developed, was to express one of the basic legislative and social creations of the regime?

The years preceding the march on Rome cover a period during which the need of action forbade delay and careful doctrinal elaborations. Fighting was going on in the towns and villages. There were discussions but... there was some-thing more sacred and more important... death... Fascists knew how to die. A doctrine - fully elaborated, divided up into chapters and paragraphs with annotations, may have been lacking, but it was replaced by something far more decisive, - by a faith. All the same, if with the help of books, articles, resolutions passed at congresses, major and minor speeches, anyone should care to revive the memory of those days, he will find, provided he knows how to seek and select, that the doctrinal foundations were laid while the battle was still raging. Indeed, it was during those years that Fascist thought armed, refined itself, and proceeded ahead with its organization. The problems of the individual and the State; the problems of authority and liberty; political, social, and more especially national problems were discussed; the conflict with liberal, democratic, socialistic, Masonic doctrines and with those of the Partito Popolare, was carried on at the same time as the punitive expeditions. Nevertheless, the lack of a formal system was used by disingenuous adversaries as an argument for proclaiming Fascism incapable of elaborating a doctrine at the very time when that doctrine was being formulated - no matter how tumultuously, - first, as is the case with all new ideas, in the guise of violent dogmatic negations; then in the more positive guise of constructive

FASCISM & DHARMA theories, subsequently incorporated, in 1926, 1927, and 1928, in the laws and institutions of the regime. Fascism is now clearly defined not only as a regime but as a doctrine. This means that Fascism, exercising its critical faculties on itself and on others, has studied from its own special standpoint and judged by its own standards all the problems affecting the material and intellectual interests now causing such grave anxiety to the nations of the world, and is ready to deal with them by its own policies. REJECTION OF PACIFISM First of all, as regards the future development of mankind, and quite apart from all present political considerations. Fascism does not, generally speaking, believe in the possibility or utility of perpetual peace. It therefore discards pacifism as a cloak for cowardly supine renunciation in contradistinction to self-sacrifice. War alone keys up all human energies to their maximum tension and sets the seal of nobility on those peoples who have the courage to face it. All other tests are substitutes which never place a man face to face with himself before the alternative of life or death. Therefore, all doctrines which postulate peace at all costs are incompatible with Fascism. Equally foreign to the spirit of Fascism, even if accepted as useful in meeting special political situations -- are all internationalistic or League superstructures which, as history shows, crumble to the ground whenever the heart of nations is deeply stirred by sentimental, idealistic or practical considerations. Fascism carries this anti-pacifistic attitude into the

FASCISM & DHARMA life of the individual. " I don't care a damn „ (me ne frego) - the proud motto of the fighting squads scrawled by a wounded man on his bandages, is not only an act of philosophic stoicism, it sums up a doctrine which is not merely political: it is evidence of a fighting spirit which accepts all risks. It

signifies new style of Italian life. The Fascist accepts and loves life; he rejects and despises suicide as cowardly. Life as he understands it means duty, elevation, conquest; life must be lofty and full, it must be lived for oneself but above all for others, both near bye and far off, present and future. The population policy of the regime is the consequence of these premises. The Fascist loves his neighbor, but the word neighbor does not stand for some vague and unseizable conception. Love of one's neighbor does not exclude necessary educational severity; still less does it exclude differentiation and rank. Fascism will have nothing to do with universal embraces; as a member of the community of nations it looks other peoples straight in the eyes; it is vigilant and on its guard; it follows others in all their manifestations and notes any changes in their interests; and it does not allow itself to be deceived by mutable and fallacious appearances. REJECTION OF MARXISM Such a conception of life makes Fascism the resolute negation of the doctrine underlying socalled scientific and Marxian socialism, the doctrine of historic materialism which would explain the history of mankind in terms of the class struggle

FASCISM & DHARMA and by changes in the processes and instruments of production, to the exclusion of all else. That the vicissitudes of economic life - discoveries of raw materials, new technical processes, and scientific inventions - have their importance, no one denies; but that they suffice to explain human history to the exclusion of other factors is absurd. Fascism believes now and always in sanctity and heroism, that is to say in acts in which no economic motive - remote or immediate - is at work. Having denied historic materialism, which sees in men mere puppets on the surface of history, appearing and disappearing on the crest of the waves while in the depths the real directing forces move and work, Fascism also denies the immutable and irreparable character of the class struggle which is the natural outcome of this economic conception of history; above all it denies that the class struggle is the preponderating agent in social transformations. Having thus struck a blow at socialism in the two main points of its doctrine, all that remains of it is the sentimental aspiration, old as humanity itselftoward social relations in which the sufferings and sorrows of the humbler folk will be alleviated. But here again Fascism rejects the economic interpretation of felicity as something to be secured socialistically, almost automatically, at a given stage of economic evolution when all will be assured a maximum of material comfort. Fascism denies the materialistic conception of happiness as a possibility, and abandons it to the economists of the mid-eighteenth century. This means that Fascism denies the equation: wellbeing = happiness, which sees in men mere animals, content when they can

FASCISM & DHARMA feed and fatten, thus reducing them to a vegetative existence pure and simple. REJECTION OF PARLIAMENTARY DEMOCRACY AS A SHAM AND A FRAUD

After socialism, Fascism trains its guns on the whole block of democratic ideologies, and rejects both their premises and their practical applications and implements. Fascism denies that numbers, as such, can be the determining factor in human society; it denies the right of numbers to govern by means of periodical consultations; it asserts the irremediable and fertile and beneficent inequality of men who cannot be leveled by any such mechanical and extrinsic device as universal suffrage. Democratic regimes may be described as those under which the people are, from time to time, deluded into the belief that they exercise sovereignty, while all the time real sovereignty resides in and is exercised by other and sometimes irresponsible and secret forces. Democracy is a kingless regime infested by many kings who are sometimes more exclusive, tyrannical, and destructive than one, even if he be a tyrant. This explains why Fascism - although, for contingent reasons, it was republican in tendency prior to 1922 - abandoned that stand before the March on Rome, convinced that the form of government is no longer a matter of preeminent importance, and because the study of past and present monarchies and past and present republics shows that neither monarchy nor republic can be judged sub specie aeternitatis, but that each stands for a form of government

FASCISM & DHARMA expressing the political evolution, the history, the traditions, and the psychology of a given country. Fascism has outgrown the dilemma: monarchy v. republic, over which democratic regimes too long dallied, attributing all insufficiencies to the former and proning the latter as a regime of perfection, whereas experience teaches that some republics are inherently reactionary and absolutist while some monarchies accept the most daring political and social experiments. In one of his philosophic Meditations Renan - who had pre-fascist intuitions remarks, "Reason and science are the products of mankind, but it is chimerical to seek reason directly for the people and through the people. It is not essential to the existence of reason that all should be familiar with it; and even if all had to be initiated, this could not be achieved through democracy which seems fated to lead to the extinction of all arduous forms of culture and all highest forms of learning. The maxim that society exists only for the well-being and freedom of the individuals composing it does not seem to be in conformity with nature's plans, which care only for the species and seem ready to sacrifice the individual. It is much to be feared that the last word of democracy thus understood (and let me hasten to add that it is susceptible of a different interpretation) would be a form of society in which a degenerate mass would have no thought beyond that of enjoying the ignoble pleasures of the vulgar." REJECTION OF EGALITARIANISM

FASCISM & DHARMA In rejecting democracy, Fascism rejects the absurd conventional lie of political equalitarianism, the habit of collective irresponsibility, the myth of felicity and indefinite progress.

DEFINITION OF FASCISM AS REAL DEMOCRACY But if democracy be understood as meaning a regime in which the masses are not driven back to the margin of the State, and then the writer of these pages has already defined Fascism as an organized, centralized, authoritarian democracy. REJECTION OF ECONOMIC LIBERALISM - ADMIRATION OF BISMARCK Fascism is definitely and absolutely opposed to the doctrines of liberalism, both in the political and the economic sphere. The importance of liberalism in the XIXth century should not be exaggerated for present day polemical purposes, nor should we make of one of the many doctrines which flourished in that century a religion for mankind for the present and for all time to come. Liberalism really flourished for fifteen years only. It arose in 1830 as a reaction to the Holy Alliance which tried to force Europe to recede further back than 1789; it touched its zenith in 1848 when even Pius IXth was a liberal. Its decline began immediately after that year. If 1848 was a year of light and poetry, 1849 was a year of darkness and tragedy. The Roman Republic was killed by a sister republic, that of France. In that same year Marx, in his famous Communist Manifesto, launched the gospel of socialism.

FASCISM & DHARMA In 1851 Napoleon III made his illiberal coup d'etat and ruled France until 1870 when he was turned out by a popular rising following one of the severest military defeats known to history. The victor was Bismarck who never even knew the whereabouts of liberalism and its prophets. It is symptomatic that throughout the XIXth century the religion of liberalism was completely unknown to so highly civilized a people as the Germans but for one parenthesis which has been described as the “ridiculous parliament of Frankfort " which lasted just one season. Germany attained her national unity outside liberalism and in opposition to liberalism, a doctrine which seems foreign to the German temperament, essentially monarchical, whereas liberalism is the historic and logical anteroom to anarchy. The three stages in the making of German unity were the three wars of 1864, 1866, and 1870, led by such "liberals" as Moltke and Bismarck. And in the upbuilding of Italian unity liberalism played a very minor part when compared to the contribution made by Mazzini and Garibaldi who were not liberals. But for the intervention of the illiberal Napoleon III we should not have had Lombardy, and without that of the illiberal Bismarck at Sadowa and at Sedan very probably we should not have had Venetia in 1866 and in 1870 we should not have entered Rome. The years going from 1870 to 1915 cover a period which marked, even in the opinion of the high priests of the new creed, the twilight of their religion, attacked by decadentism in literature and by activism in practice. Activism: that is to say nationalism, futurism, fascism. rengt-en

FASCISM & DHARMA The liberal century, after piling up innumerable Gordian Knots, tried to cut them with the sword of the world war. Never has any religion claimed so cruel a sacrifice. Were the Gods of liberalism thirsting for blood?

Now liberalism is preparing to close the doors of its temples, deserted by the peoples who feel that the agnosticism it professed in the sphere of economics and the indifferentism of which it has given proof in the sphere of politics and morals, would lead the world to ruin in the future as they have done in the past. This explains why all the political experiments of our day are anti-liberal, and it is supremely ridiculous to endeavor on this account to put them outside the pale of history, as though history were a preserve set aside for liberalism and its adepts; as though liberalism were the last word in civilization beyond which no one can go. THE FASCIST TOTALITARIAN VISION OF THE FUTURE The Fascist negation of socialism, democracy, liberalism, should not, however, be interpreted as implying a desire to drive the world backwards to positions occupied prior to 1789, a year commonly referred to as that which opened the demo-liberal century. History does not travel backwards. The Fascist doctrine has not taken De Maistre as its prophet. Monarchical absolutism is of the past, and so is ecclesiolatry. Dead and done for are feudal privileges and the division of society into closed, uncommunicating castes. Neither has the Fascist

FASCISM & DHARMA conception of authority anything in common with that of a police ridden State. A party governing a nation “totalitarianly" is a new departure in history. There are no points of reference nor of comparison. From beneath the ruins of liberal, socialist, and democratic doctrines, Fascism extracts those elements which are still vital. It preserves what may be described as "the acquired facts" of history; it rejects all else. That is to say, it rejects the idea of a doctrine suited to all times and to all people. Granted that the XIXth century was the century of socialism, liberalism, democracy, this does not mean that the XXth century must also be the century of socialism, liberalism, democracy. Political doctrines pass; nations remain. We are free to believe that this is the century of authority, a century tending to the " right ", a Fascist century. If the XIXth century was the century of the individual (liberalism implies individualism) we are free to believe that this is the "collective" century, and therefore the century of the State. It is quite logical for a new doctrine to make use of the still vital elements of other doctrines. No doctrine was ever born quite new and bright and unheard of. No doctrine can boast absolute originality. It is always connected, it only historically, with those which preceded it and those which will follow it. Thus the scientific socialism of Marx links up to the utopian socialism of the Fouriers, the Owens, the SaintSimons; thus the liberalism of the XIXth century traces its origin back to the illuministic movement of the XVIIIth, and the doctrines of democracy to those of the Encyclopaedists. All doctrines aim at directing the activities of men towards a given

FASCISM & DHARMA objective; but these activities in their turn react on the doctrine, modifying and adjusting it to new needs, or outstripping it. A doctrine must therefore be a vital act and not a verbal display. Hence the pragmatic strain in Fascism, it’s will to power, its will to live, its attitude toward violence, and its value. THE ABSOLUTE PRIMACY OF THE STATE The keystone of the Fascist doctrine is its conception of the State, of its essence, its functions, and its aims. For Fascism the State is absolute, individuals and groups relative. Individuals and groups are admissible in so far as they come within the State. Instead of directing the game and guiding the material and moral progress of the community, the liberal State restricts its activities to recording results. The Fascist State is wide awake and has a will of its own. For this reason, it can be described as " ethical ". At the first quinquennial assembly of the regime, in 1929, I said “The Fascist State is not a night watchman, solicitous only of the personal safety of the citizens; nor is it organized exclusively for the purpose of guarantying a certain degree of material prosperity and relatively peaceful conditions of life, a board of directors would do as much. Neither is it exclusively political, divorced from practical realities and holding itself aloof from the multifarious activities of the citizens and the nation. The State, as conceived and realized by Fascism, is a spiritual and ethical entity for securing the political, juridical, and economic organization of the nation, an organization which in its origin and

FASCISM & DHARMA growth is a manifestation of the spirit. The State guarantees the internal and external safety of the country, but it also safeguards and transmits the spirit of the people, elaborated down the ages in its language, its customs, its faith. The State is not only the present; it is also the past and above all the future. Transcending the individual's brief spell of life, the State stands for the immanent conscience of the nation. The forms in which it finds expression change, but the need for it remains. The State educates the citizens to civism, makes them aware of their mission, urges them to unity; its justice harmonizes their divergent interests; it transmits to future generations the conquests of the mind in the fields of science, art, law, human solidarity; it leads men up from primitive tribal life to that highest manifestation of human power, imperial rule. The State hands down to future generations the memory of those who laid down their lives to ensure its safety or to obey its laws; it sets up as examples and records for future ages the names of the captains who enlarged its territory and of the men of genius who have made it famous. Whenever respect for the State declines and the disintegrating and centrifugal tendencies of individuals and groups prevail, nations are headed for decay". Since 1929 economic and political development have everywhere emphasized these truths. The importance of the State is rapidly growing. The socalled crisis can only be settled by State action and within the orbit of the State. Where are the shades of the Jules Simons who,

in the early days of liberalism proclaimed that the "State should endeavor to render itself useless and prepare to hand

FASCISM & DHARMA in its resignation "? Or of the MacCullochs who, in the second half of last century, urged that the State should desist from governing too much? And what of the English Bentham who considered that all industry asked of government was to be left alone, and of the German Humbolt who expressed the opinion that the best government was a lazy " one? What would they say now to the unceasing, inevitable, and urgently requested interventions of government in business? It is true that the second generation of economists was less uncompromising in this respect than the first, and that even Adam Smith left the door ajar - however cautiously - for government intervention in business. If liberalism spells individualism, Fascism spells government. The Fascist State is, however, a unique and original creation. It is not reactionary but revolutionary, for it anticipates the solution of certain universal problems which have been raised elsewhere, in the political field by the splitting up of parties, the usurpation of power by parliaments, the irresponsibility of assemblies; in the economic field by the increasingly numerous and important functions discharged by trade unions and trade associations with their disputes and ententes, affecting both capital and labor; in the ethical field by the need felt for order, discipline, obedience to the moral dictates of patriotism. Fascism desires the State to be strong and organic, based on broad foundations of popular support. The Fascist State lays claim to rule in the economic field no less than in others; it makes its action felt

FASCISM & DHARMA throughout the length and breadth of the country by means of its corporative, social, and educational institutions, and all the political, economic, and spiritual forces of the nation, organized in their res-pective associations, circulate within the State. A State based on millions of individuals who recognize its authority, feel its action, and are ready to serve its ends is not the tyrannical state of a mediaeval lordling. It has nothing in common with the despotic States existing prior to or subsequent to 1789. Far from crushing the individual, the Fascist State multiplies his energies, just as in a regiment a soldier is not diminished but multiplied by the number of his fellow soldiers. The Fascist State organizes the nation, but it leaves the individual adequate elbow room. It has curtailed useless or

harmful liberties while preserving those which are essential. In such matters the individual cannot be the judge, but the State only. The Fascist State is not indifferent to religious phenomena in general nor does it maintain an attitude of indifference to Roman Catholicism, the special, positive religion of Italians. The State has not got a theology but it has a moral code. The Fascist State sees in religion one of the deepest of spiritual manifestations and for this reason it not only respects religion but defends and protects it. The Fascist State does not attempt, as did Robespierre at the height of the revolutionary delirium of the Convention, to set up a "god” of its own; nor does it vainly seek, as does Bolshevism, to efface God from the soul of man.

FASCISM & DHARMA Fascism respects the God of ascetics, saints, and heroes, and it also respects God as conceived by the ingenuous and primitive heart of the people, the God to whom their prayers are raised. The Fascist State expresses the will to exercise power and to command. Here the Roman tradition is embodied in a conception of strength. Imperial power, as understood by the Fascist doctrine, is not only territorial, or military, or commercial; it is also spiritual and ethical. An imperial nation, that is to say a nation a which directly or indirectly is a leader of others, can exist without the need of conquering a single square mile of territory. Fascism sees in the imperialistic spirit -- i.e. in the tendency of nations to expand - a manifestation of their vitality. In the opposite tendency, which would limit their interests to the home country, it sees a symptom of decadence. Peoples who rise or rearise are imperialistic; renunciation is characteristic of dying peoples. The Fascist doctrine is that best suited to the tendencies and feelings of a people which, like the Italian, after lying fallow during centuries of foreign servitude, are now reasserting itself in the world. But imperialism implies discipline, the coordination of efforts, a deep sense of duty and a spirit of selfsacrifice. This explains many aspects of the practical activity of the regime, and the direction taken by many of the forces of the State, as also the severity which has to be exercised towards those who would oppose this spontaneous and inevitable movement of XXth century Italy by agitating outgrown ideologies of the XIXth century,

FASCISM & DHARMA ideologies rejected wherever great experiments in political and social transformations are being dared. Never before have the peoples thirsted for authority, direction, order, as they do now. If each age has its doctrine, then innumerable symptoms indicate that the doctrine of our age is the Fascist. That it is vital is shown by the fact that it has aroused a faith; that this faith has conquered souls is shown by the fact that Fascism can point to its fallen heroes and its martyrs. Fascism has now acquired throughout the world that universally which belongs to all doctrines which by achieving self-expression represent a moment in the

history of human thought. APPENDIX FOOTNOTES 1. Philosophic conception (1) If Fascism does not wish to die or, worse still, commit suicide, it must now provide itself with a doctrine. Yet this shall not and must not be a robe of Nessus clinging to us for all eternity, for tomorrow is something mysterious and unforeseen. This doctrine shall be a norm to guide political and individual action in our daily life. I who have I dictated this doctrine, am the first to realize that the modest tables of our laws and program the theoretical and practical guidance of Fascism should be revised, corrected, enlarged, developed, because already in parts they have suffered injury at the hand of time. I believe the essence and fundamentals of the doctrine are still to be found in the postulates which throughout two

FASCISM & DHARMA years have acted as a call to arms for the recruits of Italian Fascism. However, in taking those first fundamental assumptions for a starting point, we must proceed to carry our program into a vaster field. Italian Fascists, one and all, should cooperate in this task, one of vital importance to Fascism, and more especially those who belong to regions where with and without agreement peaceful coexistence has been achieved between two antagonistic movements. The word I am about to use is a great one, but indeed I do wish that during the two months which are still to elapse before our National Assembly meets, the philosophy of Fascism could be created. Milan is already contributing with the first Fascist school of propaganda. It is not merely a question of gathering elements for a program, to be used as a solid foundation for the constitution of a party which must inevitably arise from the Fascist movement; it is also a question of denying the silly tale that Fascism is all made up of violent men. In point of fact among Fascists there are many men who belong to the restless but meditative class. The new course taken by Fascist activity will in no way diminish the fighting spirit typical of Fascism. To furnish the mind with doctrines and creeds does not mean to disarm, rather it signifies to strengthen our power of action, and make us ever more conscious of our work. Soldiers who fight fully conscious of the cause make the best of warriors. Fascism takes for its own the twofold device of Mazzini: Thought and Action u. (Letter to Michele Bianchi, written on August 27, 1921, for the

FASCISM & DHARMA opening of the School of Fascist Culture and Propaganda in Milan, in Messaggi e Proclami, Milano, Libreria d'Italia, 1929, P. 39).

Fascists must be placed in contact with one another; their activity must be an activity of doctrine, an activity of the spirit and of thought. Had our adversaries been present at our meeting, they would have been convinced that Fascism is not only action, but thought as well (Speech before the National Council of the Fascist Party, August 8, 1924, in La Nuova Politica dell'Italia, Milano, Alpes, 1928, p. 267). (2) Today I hold that Fascism as an idea, a doctrine, a realization, is universal; it is Italian in its particular institutions, but it is universal in the spirit, nor could it be otherwise. The spirit is universal by reason of its nature. Therefore, anyone may foresee a Fascist Europe. Drawing inspiration for her institutions from the doctrine and practice of Fascism; Europe, in other words, giving a Fascist turn to the solution of problems which beset the modern State, the Twentieth Century State which is very different from the States existing before 1789, and the States formed immediately after. Today Fascism fills universal requirements; Fascism solves the threefold problem of relations between State and individual, between State and associations, between associations and organized associations. (Message for the year 1 October 27, 1930, in Discorsi del 1930, Milano, Alpes, 1931, p. 211). 2. Spiritualized conception

FASCISM & DHARMA (3) This political process is flanked by a philosophic process. If it be true that matter was on the altars for one century, today it is the spirit which takes its place. All manifestations peculiar to the democratic spirit are consequently repudiated: easygoingness, improvisation, the lack of a personal sense of responsibility, the exaltation of numbers and of that mysterious divinity called n The People a. All creations of the spirit starting with that religious are coming to the fore, and nobody dare keep up the attitude of anticlericalism which, for several decades, was a favorite with Democracy in the Western world. By saying that God is returning, we mean that spiritual values are returning. (Da the parte va it mondo, in Tempi della Rivoluzione Fascista, Milano, Alpes, 1930, p. 34). There is a field reserved more to meditation upon the supreme ends of life than to a research of these ends. Consequently, science starts from experience, but breaks out fatally into philosophy and, in my opinion, philosophy alone can enlighten science and lead to the universal idea. (To the Congress of Science at Bologna , October 31, 19,26, in Discorsidel 1926. Milano, Alpes, 1927, p. 268). In order to understand the Fascist movement, one must first appreciate the underlying spiritual phenomenon in all its vastness and depth. The manifestations of the movement have been of a powerful and decisive nature, but one should go further. In point of fact Italian Fascism has not only been a political revolt against weak and incapable governments who had allowed State authority to decay and were threatening to arrest the progress of

FASCISM & DHARMA the country, but also a spiritual revolt against old ideas which had corrupted the sacred principles of religion, of faith, of country. Fascism, therefore, has been a revolt of the people. (Message to the British people; January 5, 1924, in Messaggi e Proclami, Milano, Libreria d' Italia, 1929, p. 107). 3. Positive conception of life as a struggle (4) Struggle is at the origin of all things, for life is full of contrasts: there is love and hatred, white and black, day and night, good and evil; and until these contrasts achieve balance, struggle fatefully remains at the root of human nature. However, it is good for it to be so. Today we can indulge in wars, economic battles, conflicts of ideas, but if a day came to pass when struggle ceased to exist, that day would be tinged with melancholy; it would be a day of ruin, the day of ending. But thaver discloses new horizons. By attempting to restore calm, peace, tranquility, or. A would be fighting the tendencies of the present period of dynamism. Ore must be prepared for other struggles and for other surprises. Peace will only come when people surrender to a Christian dream of universal brotherhood, when they can hold out hands across the ocean and over the mountains. Personally I do not believe very much in these idealisms, but I do not exclude them for I exclude nothing. (At the Politeama Rossetti, Trieste, September 20, 1920 in Discorsi Politici, Milano, Stab. Tipografico del « Popolo d' Italia » , 1921, p. 107). (5) For me the honor of nations consists in the contribution they have severally made to human

FASCISM & DHARMA civilization. (E. Ludwig, Talks with Mussolini, London, Allen and Unwin, 1932, p. 199) 4. Ethical conception I called the organization Fasci Italiani Di Combatimento. This hard metallic name compromised the whole program of Fascism as I dreamed it. Comrades, this is still our program: fight. Life for the Fascist is a continuous, ceaseless fight, which we accept with ease, with great courage, with the necessary intrepidity. (On the VIIth anniversary of the Foundation of the Fasci, March 28, 1926, in Discorsi del 1926, Milano, Alpes, 7, p.98 You touch the core of Fascist philosophy. When recently a Finnish philosopher asked me to expound to him the significance of Fascism in one sentence, I wrote in German: ((We are against the “easy life"! (E. Ludwig: Talks with Mussolini, London, Allen and Unwin, 1932, p. 190). 5. Religious conception

(7) If Fascism were not a creed, how could it endow its followers with courage and stoicism only a creed which has soared to the heights of religion can inspire such words as passed the lips, now lifeless alas, of Federico Florio. (Legami di Sangue, in Diuturna, Milano, Alpes, 1930, p. 256). 6. Historical and realistic conception (8) Tradition certainly is one of the greatest spiritual forces of a people, inasmuch as it is a successive and constant creation of their soul. (Breve Preludio,

FASCISM & DHARMA in Tempi della Rivoluzione Fascista, Milano, Alpes, 1930, p. 13) (9) Our temperament leads us to appraise the concrete aspect of problems, rather than their ideological or mystical sublimation. Therefore, we easily regain our balance. (Aspetti del Dramma, in Diuturna, Milano, Alpes, 1930, p. 86). Our battle is an ungrateful one, yet it is a beautiful battle since it compels us to count only upon our own forces. Revealed truths we have torn to shreds, dogmas we have spat upon, we have rejected all theories of paradise, we have baffled charlatans white, red, black charlatans who placed miraculous drugs on the market to give a happiness n to mankind. We do not believe in program, in plans, in saints or apostles, above all we believe not in happiness, in salvation, in the Promised Land. (Diuturna, Milano, Alpes, 1930, p. 223). We do not believe in a single solution, be it economical, political or moral, a linear solution of the problems of life, because of illustrious choristers from all the sacristies life is not linear and can never be reduced to a segment traced by primordial needs. (Navigare necesse, in Diuturna, Milano, Alpes, 1930, p. 233). (10) We are not and do not wish to be motionless mummies, with faces perpetually turned towards the same horizon, nor do we wish to shut ourselves up within the narrow hedges of subversive bigotry, where formulas, like prayers of a professed religion, are muttered mechanically. We are men, living men, who wish to give our contribution, however

FASCISM & DHARMA 'modest, to the creation of history. (Audacia, in Diu- turna, Milano, Alpes, 1930, p.233) We uphold moral and traditional values which Socialism neglects or despises; but, above all, Fascism has a horror of anything implying an arbitrary mortgage on the mysterious future. (Dopo due anni, in Diuturna, Milano, Alpes, 1930, p. 242).

In spite of the theories of conservation and renovation, of tradition and progress expounded by the right and the left, we do not cling desperately to the past as to a last board of salvation: yet we do not dash headlong into the seductive mists of the future. (Breve preludio, in Diuturna, Milano, Alpes, 1930, p. 14) Negation, eternal immobility, mean damnation. I am all for motion. I am, one who marches on (E. Ludwig, Talks with Mussolini, Lot Jon, Allen and Unwin, 1932, p. 203). 7. The individual and liberty (11) We were the first to state, in the face of demo liberal individualism, that the individual exists only in so far as he is within the State and subjected to the requirements of the state and that, as civilization assumes aspects which grow more and more complicated, individual freedom becomes more and more restricted. (To the General Staff Conference of Fascism, in Discorsi del 1929, Milano, Alpes, 1930, p. 280). The sense of the state grows within the consciousness of Italians, for they feel that the state alone is the irreplaceable safeguard of their unit and independence; that the state alone represents

FASCISM & DHARMA continuity into the future of their stock and their history. (Message on the VIIth all anniversary, October 25, 1929, Discorsi del 1929, Milano, Alpes, 1930, p. 300). If, in the course of the past eight years, we have made such astounding progress, you may well think suppose and foresee that in the course of the next fifty or eighty years the onward trend of Italy, of this Italy we feel to be so powerful, so full of vital fluid, will really be grandiose. It will be so especially if concord lasts among citizens, if the State continues to be sole arbitrator in political and social conflicts, if all remains within the state and nothing outside the State, because it is impossible to conceive any individual existing outside the State unless he be a savage whose home is in the solitude of she sandy desert. (Speech before the Senate, May 12, 1928, in Discorsi del 1928, Milano, Alpes, 1929, p. 109). Fascism has restored to the State its sovereign functions by claiming its absolute ethical meaning, against the egotism of classes and categories; to the Government of the state, which was reduced to a mere instrument of electoral assemblies, it has restored dignity, as representing the personality of the state and its power of Empire. It has rescued State administration from the weight of factions and party interests (To the council of state, December 22, 1928, in Discorsi Del 1928, Milano, Alpes, 1929 p.328). (12) Let no one think of denying the moral character of Fascism. For I should be ashamed to speak from this tribune if I did not feel that I

FASCISM & DHARMA represent the moral and spiritual powers of the state. What would the state be if it did not possess a spirit of its own, and a morality of its own, which lend power to the laws in virtue of which the state is obeyed by its citizens? The Fascist state claims its ethical character: it is Catholic but above all it is Fascist, in fact it is exclusively and essentially Fascist. Catholicism completes Fascism, and this we openly declare, but let no one think they can turn the tables on us, under cover of metaphysics or philosophy. (To the Chamber of Deputies, May 13, 1929, in Discorsi del 1929, Milano, Alpes, 1930, p. 182). A State which is fully aware of its mission and represents a people which are marching on; a state which necessarily transforms the people even in their physical aspect. In order to be something more than a mere administrator, the State must utter great words, expound great ideas and place great problems before this people (Di- scorsi del 1929, Milano, Alpes, 1930, p. 183). (13) The concept of freedom is not absolute because nothing is ever absolute in life. Freedom is not a right, it is a duty. It is not a gift, it is a conquest; it is not equality, it is a privilege. The concept of freedom changes with the passing of time. There is a freedom in times of peace which is not the freedom of times of war. There is a freedom in times of prosperity which is not a freedom to be allowed in times of poverty. (Fifth anniversary of the foundation of the Fasci di Combattimento, March 24, 1924, in La nuova politica dell'Italia, vol. III, Milano, Alpes, 1925, p. 30).

FASCISM & DHARMA In our state the individual is not deprived of freedom. In fact, he has greater liberty than an isolated man, because the state protects him and he is part of the State. Isolated man is without defence. (E. Ludwig, Talks with Mussolini, London, Allen and Unwin, 1932, p. 129). (14) Today we may tell the world of the creation of the powerful united State of Italy, ranging from the Alps to Sicily; this State is expressed by a wellorganized, centralized, unitarian democracy, where people circulate at case. Indeed, gentlemen, you admit the people into the citadel of the State and the people will defend it, if you close them out, the people will assault it. (speech before the Chamber of Deputies, May 26, 1927, in Discorsi del 1927, Milano, Alpes, 1928, p. 159). In the Fascist regime the unity of classes, the political, social and coral unity of the Italian people is realized within the state, and only within the Fascist state. (speech before the Chamber of Deputies, December 9, 1928, in Discorsi del 1928, Milano, Alpes, 1929, p. 333). 8. Conception of a corporative state (15) We have created the united states of Italy remember that since the Empire Italy had not been a united states. Here I wish to reaffirm solemnly our doctrine of the State. Here I wish to reaffirm with no

weaker energy, the formula I expounded at the scala in Milan everything in the state, nothing against the State, nothing outside the state. (speech

FASCISM & DHARMA before the Chamber of Deputies, May 26, 1927, Discorsi del 1927, Milano, Alpes, 1928, p. 157). (16) We are, in other words, a state which controls all forces acting in nature. We control political forces, we control moral forces we control economic forces, therefore we are a full-blown Corporative state. We stand for a new principle in the world, we stand for sheer, categorical, definitive antithesis to the world of democracy, plutocracy, free-masonry, to the world which still abides by the fundamental principles laid down in 1789. (Speech before the new National Directory of the Party, April 7, 1926, in Discorsi del 1926, Milano, Alpes, 1927, p. 120). The Ministry of Corporations is not a bureaucratic organ, nor does it wish to exercise the functions of syndical organizations which are necessarily independent, since they aim at organizing, selecting and improving the members of syndicates. The Ministry of Corporations is an institution in virtue of which, in the centre and outside, integral corporation becomes an accomplished fact, where balance is achieved between interests and forces of the economic world. Such a glance is only possible within the sphere of the state, because the state alone transcends the contrasting interests of groups and individuals, in view of co-coordinating them to achieve higher aims. The achievement of these aims is speeded up by the fact that all economic organizations, acknowledged, safeguarded and supported by the Corporative State, exist within the orbit of Fascism; in other terms they accept the conception of Fascism in theory and in practice.

FASCISM & DHARMA (speech at the opening of the Ministry of Corporations, July 31, 1926, in Di-scorsi del 1926, Milano, Alpes, 1927, p. 250). We have constituted a Corporative and Fascist state, the state of national society, a State which concentrates, controls, harmonizes and tempers the interests of all social classes, which are thereby protected in equal measure. Whereas, during the years of demo-liberal regime, labour looked with diffidence upon the state, was, in fact, outside the State and against the state, and considered the state an enemy of every day and every hour, there is not one working Italian today who does not seek a place in his Corporation or federation, who does not wish to be a living atom of that great, immense, living organization which is the national Corporate State of Fascism. (On the Fourth Anniversary of the March on Rome, October 28, 1926, in Discorsi del 1926, Milano, Alpes, 1927, p. 340). 9. Democracy (17) The war was revolutionary, in the sense that with streams of blood it did away with the century of Democracy, the century of number, the century of majorities and of quantities. (Da che parte va il

Mondo, in Tempi della Rivoluzione Fascista, Milano, Alpes, 1930, p. 37) (18) Cf. note 13. (19) Race: it is a feeling and not a reality; 95 %, a feeling. (E. Ludwig, Talks with Mussolini, London, Allen and Unwin, 1932, p. 75). 10. Conception of the state

FASCISM & DHARMA (20) A nation exists inasmuch as it is a people. A people rise inasmuch as they are numerous, hard working and well regulated. Power is the outcome of this threefold principle. (To the General Assembly of the Party, March lo, 1929, in Discorsi del 1929, Milano, Alpes, 1930, p. 24). Fascism does not deny the State; Fascism maintains that a civic society, national or imperial, cannot be conceived unless in the form of a State (Stab, antiSlato, Fascismo, in Tempi della Rivoluzione Fa-scista, Milano, Alpes, 1930, p. 94). For us the Nation is mainly spirit and not only territory. There are States which owned immense territories and yet left no trace in the history of mankind. Neither is it a question of number, because there have been, in history, small, microscopic States, which left immortal, imperishable documents in art and philosophy. The greatness of a nation is the compound of all these virtues and conditions. A nation is great when the power of the spirit is translated into reality. (Speech at Naples, October 24, 1922, in Discorsi della Rivoluzione, Milano, Alpes, 1928, p. 103). We wish to unity the nation within the sovereign State, which is above everyone rid can afford to be against everyone, since it represents the moral continuity of the nation in history. Without the State there is no nation. There are, merely. human aggregations. subject to all the disintegration's which history may inflict upon them. (Speech before the National Council of the Fascist Party, August 8, 1924, in La Nuova Politica dell'Italia, vol. III; Milano, Alpes, 1928, p. 269).

FASCISM & DHARMA 11. Dynamic reality (21) I believe that if a people wish to live, they should develop a will to power, otherwise they vegetate, live miserably and become prey to a stronger people, in whom this will to power is developed to a higher degree. (Speech to the Senate, May 28, 1926).

(22) It is Fascism which has refashioned the character of the Italians, removing impurity from our souls, tempering us to all sacrifices, restoring the true aspect of strength and beauty to our Italian face. (Speech delivered at Pisa , May 25, 1926, in Discorsi del 1926, Milano, Alpes, 1927, p. 193). It is not out of place to illustrate the intrinsic character and profound significance of the Fascist Levy. It is not merely a ceremony, but a very important stage in the system of education and integral preparation of Italian men which the Fascist revolution considers one of the fundamental duties of the State: fundamental indeed, for if the State does not fulfill this duty or in any way accepts to place it under discussion, the State merely and simply forfeits its right to exist. (Speech before the Chamber of Deputies, May 28, 1928, in Discorsi del 1928, Milano, Alpes, 1929, p. 68). ========================= -- The Kalama Sutta is process of free and disciplined thinking needed to read this book and understand its purpose.

FASCISM & DHARMA The Kalama Sutta is “The Charter of Free Inquiry”. This Sutta leads to the concept of Dharma. The Kalama Sutta is famous for its encouragement of free inquiry. The spirit of the Sutta (Sutra or Shashtra) signifies a teaching that is exempt from fanaticism, bigotry, dogmatism, and intolerance. The sutta starts off by describing how the Buddha passes through the village of Kesaputta and is greeted by its inhabitants, a clan called the Kalamas. They ask for his advice: they say that many wandering holy men and ascetics pass through, expounding their teachings and criticizing the teachings of others. So whose teachings should they follow? He delivers in response a sermon that serves as an entry point to the Dhamma, the Buddhist teachings for those unconvinced by mere spectacular revelation. The Buddha proceeds to list the criteria by which any sensible person can decide which teachings to accept as true. Do not blindly believe religious teachings, he tells the Kalamas, just because they are claimed to be true, or even through the application of various methods or techniques. Direct knowledge grounded in one's own experience can be called upon. He advises that the words of the wise should be heeded and taken into account. He proposes not a passive acceptance but, rather, constant questioning and personal testing to identify those truths which verifiably reduce one's own stress or misery. Instead, the Buddha says, only when one personally knows that a certain teaching is skillful, blameless, praiseworthy, and conducive to happiness, and that it is praised by the wise, should one then accept it as

FASCISM & DHARMA true and practice it. Thus, the Kalama Sutta is just that; the Buddha's charter of free inquiry. this teaching is not intended as an endorsement for either radical skepticism or as for the creation of unreasonable personal truth

Rather than supporting skepticism or subjective truths, in the sutta the Buddha continues to argue that the three unwholesome roots, greed, hatred and delusion lead to the opposite negative results, i.e. they are unskillful, blameworthy, etc. Consequently, behavior based on these three roots should be abandoned. Moral judgments of actions can therefore be deduced by analyzing whether these actions are based on the unwholesome roots or not. The Kalama Sutta Do not go upon what has been acquired by repeated hearing (anussava), nor upon tradition (paramparā), nor upon rumor (itikirā), nor upon what is in a scripture (piṭakasampadāna) nor upon surmise (takka-hetu), nor upon an axiom (naya-hetu), nor upon specious reasoning (ākāra-parivitakka), nor upon a bias towards a notion that has been pondered over (diṭṭhinijjhān-akkhantiyā), nor upon another's seeming ability (bhabbarūpatāya), nor upon the consideration, The monk is our teacher (samaṇo no garū) Kalamas, when you yourselves know: "These things are good; these things are not blamable; these things are praised by the wise; undertaken and observed,

FASCISM & DHARMA these things lead to benefit and happiness," enter on and abide in them.' the Buddha named ten specific sources whose knowledge should not be immediately viewed as truthful without further investigation to avoid fallacies Oral history Traditional News Sources Scriptures or other official texts Suppositional reasoning Philosophical dogmatism Common Sense One's own opinions Experts Authorities or one's own teacher Although this discourse is often cited as the Buddha's carte blanche for following one's own sense of right and wrong, it actually says something much more rigorous than that. Traditions are not to be followed simply because they are traditions. Reports (such as historical accounts or news) are not to be followed simply because the source seems reliable. One's own preferences are not to be followed simply because they seem logical or

FASCISM & DHARMA resonate with one's feelings. Instead, any view or belief must be tested by the results it yields when put into practice; and — to guard against the possibility of any bias or limitations in one's understanding of those results. Kalama Sutta The Kālāma Sutta is a discourse of the Buddha contained in the Aṅguttara Nikaya of the Tipiṭaka. It is often cited by those of the Theravada and Mahayana traditions alike as the Buddha's "charter of free inquiry." The Kālāma Sutta is als o used for advocating prudence by the use of sound logical reasoning arguments for inquiries in the practice that relates to the discipline of seeking truth, wisdom and knowledge whether it is religious or not. In short, the Kālāma Sutta is opposed to blind faith, dogmatism and belief spawned from specious reasoning The sutta starts off by describing how the Buddha passes through the village of Kesaputta and is greeted by its inhabitants, a clan called the Kalamas. They ask for his advice: they say that many wandering holy men and ascetics pass through, expounding their teachings and criticizing the teachings of others. So whose teachings should they follow? He delivers in response a sermon that serves as an entry point to the Dhamma, the Buddhist teachings for those unconvinced by mere spectacular revelation. Discerning Religious Teachings

FASCISM & DHARMA The Buddha proceeds to list the criteria by which any sensible person can decide which teachings to accept as true. Do not blindly believe religious teachings, he tells the Kalamas, just because they are claimed to be true, or even through the application of various methods or techniques. Direct knowledge grounded in one's own experience can be called upon. He advises that the words of the wise should be heeded and taken into account. He proposes not a passive acceptance but, rather, constant questioning and personal testing to identify those truths which verifiably reduce one's own stress or misery (Pali: dukkha). The Kalama Sutta states (Pali expression in parentheses) Do not go upon what has been acquired by repeated hearing (anussava), nor upon tradition (paramparā), nor upon rumor (itikirā), nor upon what is in a scripture (piṭakasampadāna) nor upon surmise (takka-hetu), nor upon an axiom (naya-hetu), nor upon specious reasoning (ākāra-parivitakka), nor upon a bias towards a notion that has been pondered over (diṭṭhinijjhān-akkhantiyā), nor upon another's seeming ability (bhabbarūpatāya), nor upon the consideration, the monk is our teacher (samaṇo no garū)

Kalamas, when you yourselves know: "These things are good; these things are not blamable; these things are praised by the wise; undertaken and observed, these things lead to benefit and happiness," enter on and abide in them.'

FASCISM & DHARMA Thus, the Buddha named ten specific sources whose knowledge should not be immediately viewed as truthful without further investigation to avoid fallacies: Oral history Traditional News sources Scriptures or other official texts Suppositional reasoning Philosophical dogmatism Common sense One's own opinions Experts Authorities or one's own teacher Instead, the Buddha says, only when one personally knows that a certain teaching is skillful, blameless, praiseworthy, and conducive to happiness, and that it is praised by the wise, should one then accept it as true and practice it. Thus, as stated by Soma Thera, the Kalama Sutta is just that; the Buddha's charter of free inquiry: The instruction of the Kalamas (Kalama Sutta) is justly famous for its encouragement of free inquiry; the spirit of the sutta signifies a teaching that is exempt from fanaticism, bigotry, dogmatism, and intolerance. However, as stated by Bhikkhu Bodhi, this teaching is not intended as an endorsement for either radical skepticismor as for the creation of unreasonable personal truth: On the basis of a single passage, quoted out of context, the Buddha has been made out to be a pragmatic empiricist who dismisses all doctrine and faith, and whose Dhamma is simply a freethinker's

FASCISM & DHARMA kit to truth which invites each one to accept and reject whatever he likes. Rather than supporting skepticism or subjective truths, in the sutta the Buddha continues to argue that the three unwholesome roots greed, hatred and delusion lead to the opposite negative results, i.e. they are unskillful, blameworthy, etc. Consequently, behavior based on these three roots should be abandoned. Moral judgements of actions can therefore be deduced by analysing whether these actions are based on the unwholesome roots or not. The Buddha's Assurances

The first and main part of the Kalama Sutta is often quoted, but an equally important section of the Kalama Sutta follows on from this. This section features the Buddha's four assurances, or solaces. The Buddha asserts that a happy and moral life would be correct even if there is no karma and reincarnation. The disciple of the Noble Ones, Kalamas, who has such a hate-free mind, such a malice-free mind, such an undefiled mind, and such a purified mind, is one by whom four solaces are found here and now. 'Suppose there is a hereafter and there is a fruit, result, of deeds done well or ill. Then it is possible that at the dissolution of the body after death, I shall arise in the heavenly world, which is possessed of the state of bliss.' This is the first solace found by him. 'Suppose there is no hereafter and there is no fruit, no result, of deeds done well or ill. Yet in this world, here and now, free from hatred, free from malice, safe and sound, and happy, I keep myself.' This is the second solace found by him.

FASCISM & DHARMA 'Suppose evil (results) befall an evil-doer. I, however, think of doing evil to no one. Then, how can ill (results) affect me who do no evil deed?' This is the third solace found by him. 'Suppose evil (results) do not befall an evil-doer. Then I see myself purified in any case.' This is the fourth solace found by him. The disciple of the Noble Ones, Kalamas, who has such a hate-free mind, such a malice-free mind, such an undefiled mind, and such a purified mind, is one by whom, here and now, these four solaces are found. On these four solaces, Soma Thera wrote: The Kalama Sutta, which sets forth the principles that should be followed by a seeker of truth, and which contains a standard things are judged by, belongs to a framework of the Dhamma; the four solaces taught in the sutta point out the extent to which the Buddha permits suspense of judgment in matters beyond normal cognition. The solaces show that the reason for a virtuous life does not necessarily depend on belief in rebirth or retribution, but on mental well-being acquired through the overcoming of greed, hate, and delusion. "Come, Kalamas. Do not go upon what has been acquired by repeated hearing, nor upon tradition, nor upon rumor, nor upon scripture, nor upon surmise, nor upon axiom, nor upon specious reasoning, nor upon bias toward a notion pondered over, nor upon another's seeming ability, nor upon the consideration 'The monk is our teacher.' When you yourselves know: 'These things are bad, blamable, censured by the wise; undertaken and

FASCISM & DHARMA observed, these things lead to harm and ill,' abandon them... When you yourselves know: 'These things are good, blameless, praised by the wise; undertaken and observed, these things lead to benefit and happiness,' enter on and abide in them." "this teaching given to the Kalamas points beyond its immediate implications to the very core of the Dhamma. For the three states brought forth for examination by the Buddha — greed, hate and delusion

— are not merely grounds of wrong conduct or moral stains upon the mind. Within his teaching's own framework, they are the root defilements — the primary causes of all bondage and suffering — and the entire practice of the Dhamma can be viewed as the task of eradicating these evil roots by developing to perfection their antidotes — dispassion, kindness and wisdom." Although this discourse is often cited as the Buddha's carte blanche for following one's own sense of right and wrong, it actually says something much more rigorous than that. Traditions are not to be followed simply because they are traditions. Reports (such as historical accounts or news) are not to be followed simply because the source seems reliable. One's own preferences are not to be followed simply because they seem logical or resonate with one's feelings. Instead, any view or belief must be tested by the results it yields when put into practice; and — to guard against the possibility of any bias or limitations in one's understanding of those results — they must further be checked against the experience of people who are wise. The ability to question and test one's beliefs in an appropriate way is called appropriate attention. The ability to recognize and choose wise people as mentors is called having admirable

FASCISM & DHARMA friends. According to Iti 16-17, these are, respectively, the most important internal and external factors for attaining the goal of the practice. For further thoughts on how to test a belief in practice, see MN 61, MN 95, AN 7.79, and AN 8.53. For thoughts on how to judge whether another person is wise, see MN 110, AN 4.192, and AN 8.54. The instruction of the Kalamas (Kalama Sutta) is justly famous for its encouragement of free inquiry; the spirit of the sutta signifies a teaching that is exempt from fanaticism, bigotry, dogmatism, and intolerance.

FASCISM & DHARMA