Excelsior: journals of the Hutchinson Family Singers, 1842-1846 9780918728654

Table of contents :
Frontmatter
List of Illustrations (page ix)
Family Tree (page x)
Preface (page xiii)
Prologue (page xxi)
PART I: "A NOISE IN THE WORLD"
12 July‒3 December 1842 (page 3)
Interchapter 1: Begin the Days of Antislavery (page 91)
PART II: "O! NEW YORK!!"
1 May‒6 June 1843 (page 107)
Interchapter 2: Of Triumphs and Expedience (page 155)
PART III: "MUSIC RINGS"
1 January‒19 May 1844 (page 167)
Interchapter 3: A Question of Being (page 281)
PART IV: "THE SPIRIT MOVES"
29 September 1844‒8 May 1845 (page 293)
PART V: "PECULIAR SCENES AND TRIALS"
16 August 1845‒21 June 1846 (page 315)
Interchapter 4: British Critics and Gifts in Kind (page 365)
EPILOGUE: "THE LEAVES AS THEY SURROUND"
27 November 1847; 6 July 1848; 1 May 1849; 8 August 1851 (page 379)
Appendix A: History and Description of Manuscripts (page 385)
Appendix B: Concert Itineraries of Hutchinson Family Tours: 1840‒July 1846 (page 387)
Appendix C: Repertory of the Hutchinson Family 1840‒July 1846 (page 393)
Notes and Bibliography (page 407)
Index (page 441)

Citation preview

Excelsior:

Journals of the Hutchinson Family singers, 1842-1846

BLANK PAGE

Excelsior:

Journals of the Hutchinson Family oingers, 1842-1846

zen Edited and Annotated by

DALE COCKRELL

Sociology of Music Series No. 5

BLANK PAGE

This book is dedicated to those who worked for social reform in our common past, are working for social reform in our com-

mon present, and, if necessary, will work for social reform in our common future.

THE SOCIOLOGY OF MUSIC SERIES No. 1 The Social Status of the Professional Musician from the Middle Ages to the 19th Century, Walter Salmen, General Editor (1983) ISBN 0-918728-16-9

No. 2 Big Sounds from Small Peoples: The music industry in small coun-

tries by Roger Wallis and Krister Malm (1984) ISBN 0-918728-39-8 No. 3. A Music for the Millions: Antebellum democratic attitudes and the birth of American popular music by Nicholas Tawa (1984) ISBN 0-918728-38-X

No.4 Music in Society: A guide to the sociology of music by Ivo Supici¢ (1988) ISBN 0-918728-35-5

No.6 Concert Life in Haydn’s Vienna: Aspects of a developing musical and social institution by Mary Sue Morrow (1989) ISBN 0-918728-83-5

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hutchinson Family (Singers) Excelsior: Journals of the Hutchinson Family Singers, 1842.1846. (Sociology of music; no. 5) Bibliograpy: p. Includes index.1. Hutchinson Family (Singers) 2. Singers—United States— Biography. I. Cockrell, Dale. II. Title. III. Series. ML421.H88A3 1986 784.5'0092’2 [B] 85-28398 ISBN 0-918728-65-7

Copyright 1989 Pendragon Press

Contents

ee List of Illustrations ix

Family Tree x Preface xiii

Prologue xxi PART I: ““A NOISE IN THE WORLD”

12 July—3 December 1842 3

Weare—Hooksett—Concord—Franklin — Hanover—Windsor Woodstock—Rutland—Whitehall— Sandy Hill—Glens Falls Saratoga Springs—Ballston Spa—Schenectady—Bethlehem

Albany—Pittsfield—Cabottsville—Springfield—Worcester Lynn—Boston—Charlestown—Newburyport—Portsmouth Kennebunk—Saco—Portland—Milford—Concord—Milford

Interchapter 1: Begin the Days of Antislavery 91 PART II: ““O! NEW YORK!!”’

1 May—6 June 1843 107

Milford—Boston—Salem—New York—American AntiSlavery Society—American Temperance Union—Brooklyn

Boston—Salem—New England Anti-Slavery Society—Milford

Interchapter 2: Of Triumphs and Expedience 155 PART Ill: ““MUSIC RINGS”

1 January—19 May 1844 167

Philadelphia—Baltimore—Washington—Baltimore Philadelphia—New York—Stamford—Boston—Milford— Boston—Salem—Lynn—Hartford—New Haven—Hartford Springfield—Northampton—Florence Community—Mount Holyoke—Springfield—Lynn—Boston — Milford Vil

CONTENTS

Interchapter 3: A Question of Being 281 PART IV: ‘“THE SPIRIT MOVES”

29 September 1844—8 May 1845 | 293 Hallowell—Newburyport—Portland—Dover—Haverhill Schenectady—Albany—Lowell—Philadelphia—Milford

PART V: ““PECULIAR SCENES AND TRIALS”

16 August 1845—21 June 1846 — 315 Royal Mail Ship Cambria, Atlantic Ocean—Manchester | London—Glasgow

Interchapter 4: British Critics and Gifts in Kind 365 EPILOGUE: ““THE LEAVES AS THEY SURROUND” |

27 November 1847; 6 July 1848; |

Milford |

1 May 1849—8 August 1851 379

Appendices

A: History and Description of Manuscripts 385

B: Concert Itineraries of Hutchinson Family

Tours: 1840—July 1846 387

C: Repertory of the Hutchinson Family ,

1840—July 1846 393

Index 441

Notes and Bibliography 407 |

Vili

List of Illustrations

Judson, Abby, John, and Asa, c. 1844 xii

The Rainer Family, c. 1841 xxii ‘This is the first handbill the Hutchinsons ever had’’ XXV Poster for Portsmouth, NH concert, 9 February 1942 XXX

Cover page from manuscript journal XXXil First page of manuscript journal XXxXxiii

View of Ballston, NY, c. 1840 42

backer Hall, c. 1842 49 John and Fanny Hutchinson, c. 1843 103 Briare and Walker’s Ice Cream Saloon and Knicker-

Deacon Giles Distillery 110

Hall Park 114

Croton reservoir, aqueduct, and the fountain in City

Cover of ‘’The Vulture of The Alps’’ 121 Handbill for 13 May 1843 concert in New York City 127

Advertisement for appearance of Tom Thumb 143 Advertisement for Mrs. Pelby’s Wax Exhibition 147

Ticket for 17 June 1843 concert 157 ‘‘The Haunted Ground’’ as sung by the Fox Family 207 The Hutchinson Family Singers, by George Endicott 239

Cover of ‘’Get Off the Track’”’ 253

The Harmoneons 298 The Congo Melodists 299

Frederick Douglass 304 Hanover Square Rooms 333

The Ethiopian Serenaders 335 Poster for Leicester concerts in April 1846 360

Manchester 362 Abigail Hutchinson Patton 380 Ticket for 13 June 1846 Grand Farewell concert in

The Hutchinson Family as trio, c. 1850 382 1X

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Wadleig emorial Library, ord, .

PROLOGUE

There they worked as they could, in hardware stores, grocery

stores, and printing shops, all the while continuing to sing together. After several more weeks of rehearsal they apparently felt confident enough to make a public appearance without

the support of the other Hutchinsons. The concert was announced in the Lynn Freeman and Whig on 13 February 1841.

| FAMILY CONCERT The Messrs. Hutchinson, (four Brothers) respectfully inform the citizens of Lynn, that they will give a Concert of Vocal and Instrumental Music, (Sacred and Secular) at SAGAMORE HALL, on SATURDAY, (THIS) EVENING, February 13.

No review of the concert was published, but John tells us there | was a “‘respectable audience.’’ The Hutchinson boys apparently did not capitalize on their

success, such as it was. Rather, the spring and summer were spent trying out trades and life in the city. It seems, however, that these alternatives were unacceptable for by late autumn 1841, Judson, John, and Asa were again ready to try concertgiving for a living; this time though Jesse chose to remain in Lynn with his family and hardware business. The three based themselves at the family home in Milford and radiated from there to give concerts in neighboring towns: Wilton Centre, East Wilton, West Wilton, New Ipswich, Hancock, Peterborough, and Nashua heard their music. Unfortunately there are no known records to tell us exactly when, where, or what they performed, nor anything of their reception. Asa noted ten years later that barely fifty people turned out for their con- | cert in Wilton Centre. We may assume similar responses in

the other towns. | |

These young men (they were twenty-four, twenty-one, and

eighteen) were not easily discouraged and the Aeolian Vocalists, as they then called themselves, were driven on by fond hopes and sweet dreams. Accordingly, after returning to Lynn, their work, and two concerts in January 1842,1 they 1A ppendix B contains the dates and locales of all Hutchinson Family concerts documentable. XXVI1

PROLOGUE

embarked on their first real tour, an ambitious junket through some of the towns and cities of the seaboard north of Boston. For the January concerts in Lynn, youngest sister Abigail had added a fourth voice, making up a quartet successful enough to re-group for the tour. All accounts, whether by her brothers or the reviewers, report Abby had a splendid voice that blend-

ed with the others as perhaps only siblings can. That and a maturity much beyond her twelve years, and the quartet had ‘acquired an asset critical to its later success. This tour by the Hutchinson Family, bedecked in splendid new clothes and managed by brother Jesse, wound its way through Beverly, Danvers, Ipswich, Salem, Newburyport, Portsmouth, Saco, Kennebunk, and back again, ending in Lynn on the 26th of February. These are the first concerts for which we have solid information: programs, advertising posters, and reviews all still exist. We know, for example, that the Hutchinsons stressed that they were native American singers, as opposed to the seeming multitudes of foreign-born musicians, like the Rainer Fami-

ly. They often included the verse by Judson in their advertising: When foreigners approach your shores, You welcome them with open doors; Now we have come to seek our lot, Shall native talent be forgot?

Beneath this verse might be listed a program similar to that performed at Portsmouth on the 9th of February. Part I Voluntary

We Hail thee, Mirth? Trio Hail, Shining Morn Quartette

Wild Hunt of Lutzow Quartette

I’m Afloat Song Ship Wreck Song

2More information on these and all other pieces mentioned in these pages, if available, may be found in Appendix C: ‘‘Repertory: 1840-July 1846.’’ XXVIi

PROLOGUE

Ye Shepherds tell me Trio oO Shun the Wine Cup 7 | Trio | Going to Cape Ann Song jv

Part II } |

Charms of Celia | Catch | Near the LakeQuartette Where Droop’d the , , Willow The OLD Total S’ciety Song | Hark, Hark each Spartan Hound Trio

Freight, Brothers Freight Trio |

Poor Tom’s Lament (cutting eye-teeth) Song

Crows in a Corn Field Trio , Little Farm Well Tilled Trio

| arranged in Sweet Home _ To conclude with an original Song,

Seven of these pieces were taken from three collections of | , three- and four-part glees that the Hutchinsons likely owned: | George Kingsley’s Social Choir, the Boston Glee Book, and the | three-volume Orphean Lyre. ‘Crows in a Corn Field’’ and the ‘“Little Farm Well Tilled’’ were similar in style to the pieces | in these books, but were probably bought individually, as sheet music. ““Shun the Wine Cup” and perhaps “Freight, Brothers |

Freight’’ (still not recovered) were of a special genre, the “‘temperance glee,’’ which wedded the simple harmonic language of the glee to a topical social issue. All the pieces except those designated “‘song’’ in the program were sung a capella. The “‘songs’’ were likely performed solo, accom- , panied by the string instruments the men had learned to play (Judson and John, violins, Asa, ’cello). Of these, ‘“The Ship

| Wreck,”’ “I’m Afloat,’’ and ‘Total S’ciety,’’ were by Henry | Russell, the great English-born singer who had lived in North | America for most of the 1830s and was perhaps the day’s bestknown popular music entertainer. ‘Poor Tom’s Lament’’ was a comic, novelty piece, like Russell’s songs, and sold in sheet music form. Only the ““Trip to Cape Ann”’ might be attributed

XXVIll

to the Hutchinson Family, and even in this case probably on-

PROLOGUE

ly the words were original. The great songs composed by the Hutchinsons would wait for a later time.

Critical response was encouraging. A Portsmouth newspaper liked the simplicity of their stage appearance, ‘without a vestige of that odious affectation so common to public performers.’’ The Newburyport Herald smiled on their full, sweet voices, and their precision and accuracy in singing. Audiences

also apparently liked them. The Herald reported full houses at each of the concerts given in Newburyport, with five hundred persons at the last. Despite the success, the Hutchinsons were not yet ready to embark on a full-time performing career. Abby’s parents thought she was too young to be away from home for long periods and they had the final authority. They also felt it time the boys returned to farming, which was still assumed to be their life’s occupation. Towards this end, about planting time 1842, Jesse Sr. proposed a division of the family farm among the six youngest children as their inheritance. Whether the bait was taken eagerly or not we do not know, but the spring and early summer months found Judson, John, Asa, and Abby in Milford with brother Benjamin and sister Rhoda, now full-time landed farmers and part-time singers. But the singers clearly continued to rehearse and learn new music for when they returned to touring they had several new pieces in their repertory. Many were glees, such as ““Blow On!

Blow On!,’’ ‘““‘The Handsome Louisa,’’ and ‘’The Miller’s Maid,’’ with the last two borrowed from the Rainer Family’s repertory. But many, perhaps most, of their new songs came from a local source, Lyman Heath (1804-1870), a singing-master

and composer from nearby Nashua. Some of his pieces, ‘The Snow Storm,” ‘“The Grave of Bonaparte,’’ ‘“Peaceful Slumbering on the Ocean,”’ and later, ‘“The Cot Where We Were Born”

and ‘“The Humbugged Husband,’’ would be among the Hutchinsons’ most popular. There were also a few concerts. Heath joined with the Hut-

chinson brothers for performances in Concord in June and Nashua in July. At Concord the Hutchinsons first came to the attention of N.P. Rogers, editor of the Herald of Freedom, who XX1X

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headlined his review on 10 June 1842, ‘“The New-Hampshire ‘Rainers’.”’ Our little White Mountain State has got music among its hills, and Swiss singers among its people . . . The Hutchinson family ... area signal proof of this. . . . If Ican judge rationally about it, (and if I can’t, it is because they have enchanted me) they are musicians of the very highest order, and with the practice and improvement they will naturally experience before they pass their prime, will reach a rare degree of excellence in their glorious art. . . . (They) are the singing birds. They sing and

play as if they were born in a nightingale’s nest.

Rogers (1794-1846) would prove a powerful and eloquent advocate, and perhaps influence subsequent positions adopted

by the Hutchinsons as a result of his political stance—one dedicated to the abolition of slavery. Shortly after the Concord concert, one account has it: ...agentleman visited them, and observed, after hearing them sing, ‘“Why, if you managed rightly, you might make as much in some places, in one night, as you do here in a year.’’ This stimulated them anew, and as soon as the summer came once more, they commenced preparations for a new tour.

Like many of the apocryphal statements that abound in the Hutchinson Family literature, this anecdote cannot be confirmed. More likely, because the post-planting and -haying and pre-harvesting months July through early September were relatively slack, if the Hutchinsons were to give a career as touring musicians a proper test, this was the time. It was, in any case, at this point that the Aeolian Vocalists began keeping their journal.

XXX

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PART I:

‘“A Noise in the World’”’

12 JULY — 3 DECEMBER 1842

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12 JULY - 3 DECEMBER 1842

Aeolian Vocalists Memorandum July 12th, 1842

[signatures of Asa B. Hutchinson and J.W. Hutchinson] [by Judson]

July 12th. I am in Weare and am homesick. Weare [NH] July 11th 1842 = [by Asa]!

Sung in the Universalist Church to quite an audience—

Money taken about— $9.00

We took our departure from our Parental roof leaving our Parents, Benjamin, Rhoda, Joseph Tarbell, (a hired man whose terms for three months, $15 per month), Isaac Hutchinson and Miss Harriet Marcy.? We left them all well, but with countenances sad. Previous to our journey Benjamin & Judson rode over to Mr. Woolsons and tryed to procure a horse of him for a note which Benjamin held against him. Woolson was rather obstinate and would not consent to it. Moreover the horse was mortgaged and therefore it was useless to try to procure it by that means. He held a note of 43 Dollars against him, but it would not buy the horse. What was to be done. We could not go [on] our journey without having two Horses. Woolson’s price was 50 Dollars. Benjamin gave his note for 40 Dollars on demand after 3 months. Woolson would not take Judson’s note. The reason is unknown. They took the horse and took 1Although John, Judson, Abigail, and Asa all make entries in the journals, the majority are by Asa, so much so that the journals are largely his product. Accordingly, for this edition I will indicate the author of an entry only if it is not Asa; otherwise, assume Asa the author. 2At this point in their tour, the Hutchinsons were charging for a ticket 1212 cents. Given this, the house can be estimated at about seventy-five persons. 3Benjamin (1815-1844) and Rhoda (1819-1881) were two of the thirteen living sons and daughters of Jesse (1778-1851) and Mary ‘’Polly’’ (Leavitt) Hut-

chinson (1785-1868). Isaac Hutchinson was only distantly related, one of the 169 with that surname in Milford’s 1840 census total of 1455. Joseph H. Tarbell (1822-1898) had been reared in the home of yet another Hutchinson, his uncle, Col. Benjamin; after marriage in 1844 he bought a farm in nearby Mont Vernon. Miss Marcy was the schoolmarm.

3

““A NOISE IN THE WORLD”’

him to our house where after having grained him and John’s Horse, they were put into Our $75 Carryall.* Harness, one bought of John Bartlett, price $20. The other belonged to Jesse

Hutchinson. | Everything being ready we shook hands with our revered Father, and bid adieu to the rest, and away we went in good spirit, with two good Horses that were Strong enough to pull us along with ease. Stopped at the North Schoolhouse, and

bid goodby to our mistress, Miss H. Marcy. | We had a very pleasant ride from our Home through Montvernon (where we saluted them with music), to New Boston, where we alighted and had our Horses helped to 1/4 Bush[el of] oats. Had the axeltrees oiled. Abigail and I had a fine time in the sitting room playing ‘’Grace’’.> It was fine sport, Yes it was. Judson and John went into Kimball’s Store and bought 25 cts worth of E strings.° Payed 28 cts for oats &c - 5 cts for can-

dy, and Started. We had a very delightful ride from New Boston to Weare where we found the people all ready to receive us and ready to do anything for us. We found some that were opposed to our having the Church, but those that owned the greatest Share [in] it said that we might have it. One man that owned quite a share in it said that we should have it if he had to break open the doors to let us in. Mr. Harrison Hobson (Trader) is

a gentleman in the Strictest sense of the word. July 12th 1842

Payed Mr. Severen 3.50 Payed for this Book — 33

. " Rope .Q7

a ” fixing of the shaft of the Carryall 1.50 which was broken on our way from New Boston to Weare

This is a delightful day. We go to Hookset to day. | 4A light, covered, four-wheeled carriage, with seats for four persons. — 5A popular game of the time in which the players throw and catch a small hoop by means of a hand-held stick. 6For their violins. 4

12 JULY - 3 DECEMBER 1842

Payed for Handkerchief &c 48

We journied from Weare Center through East Weare and through Dumbarton to Hooksett. We were all well and in mirth most of the time — excepting when we had some little dispute

in regard to music and occasionally Judson and I had a confab in regard to the Programme of the last night. On our way we saluted most of the Farmers with music. They are just beginning haying, and our music tended to make them more happy and spirited. On East Weare Hill we stopped and drank some excellent new milk, Price 2 Qts.—.08. In the town of Dumbarton we halted in front of a large Farm House under a beautiful shade. We sung one song. The inmates of the house came out. We asked for G[reen] Cheese,” with bread. The Ladies returned to the house but immediately appeared with three kinds of exellent bread, 2 of Cheese, [and] a pitcher of Cool water. We partook of it within our carriage— It proved to be a rich repast. By the way, they were very fine ladies, and seemed to be Christians by action & not Profession. They received our hearty

thanks for their Kind Hospitality, and a piece of silver —.25 We sung two Quartetts, and bid them a long farewell. The quartetts accompanied with guitar sounded beautifully. Arived at Hooksett at 5 O’Clock P.M. Visited Mr. Tufts by going over the bridge. Returned by his boat. Gave tickets to the agent of the Factory. Judson, Abigail and I rode over in the boat which was rowed by a Gallant Tarr. Wm. Moore], Landlord. Very warm day and night. We had a very good audience, which was very respectable.

We took at Hooksett— 12.00 Payed Hallfor andtrouble light 1.25 "Mr.for Tufts 29

Our landlords bill 3.00 Our Lodgings, Private room, and our washing apparatus was not the best. This Tavern is highly suitable for that Class 7A cheese not yet dried by evaporation. 8The term ‘‘tavern’’ did not then have the connotations it has for many in the late-twentieth century. A modern-day synonym would be “‘hotel.’’ 5

‘“‘A NOISE IN THE WORLD” —

of People who dress in rags, and make use of profane and _ vulgar language. The things are not in very good style, neither are they clean but I will say this much—They set a good table.

Abigail wrote home to mother. Saw a boat go up the Merrimack River through the locks—

Complex Simplicity. , July 13th 1842. Are about to Start for Concord where we sing tonight. N.P. Rogers again attended their concert in Concord, and once

more praised them in his Herald of Freedom. ,

I am enamored of unaffected, natural music, and am disposed to speak of the performance of these young persons in the highest terms. In singing, they are truly eloquent and overpowering - and on the violin, that king of human instruments,

two of them realize to me the magic strains and Orphean touches of the famous Paganini, who was Doctorated on the fiddle, and whose playing resembled, it is said, in appearance, a struggle with some wild animal of the size of his violin he seemed to have in his bosom. Our young New-Englanders handle their Cremonas more sensibly and simply than this. They are not carried away with their own performance, so but they remain evident masters of their instruments and themselves, as well as their auditory. And one of them on the bass viol surpasses all the bass I have ever heard, except his own ocean-voice, and some low notes I have heard from the Atlantic itself on Lynn or Hampton Beach. He sounds as if he were as hollow as the shell of Triton. They are all modest in their singing, pronounce language well, and as though they understood and felt it. There is no affectation or grimace about them,

or contortion, as some singers display, either by misfortune, if they cannot help it, or from more unfortunate affections. Some of the points made so early about the singers’ modesty, unaffected demeanor, simplicity, and naturalness of expression must be well-taken, for they resound through the reviews of years to come. And, to gather from those reviewers, the Hutchinsons’ enunciation was unusually clear and very much a part of their mass appeal: their

6

12 JULY - 3 DECEMBER 1842

audience could understand the songs’ texts. Critics would often speak well of their instrumental accomplishment, but few would go so far to compare to Paganini’s. Here Rogers must be allowed his critical license. [by Judson]

Franklin [NH] July 14, 1842 18 miles from Concord. Came from Hooksett to Concord yesterday. Hot enough to

scorch whiskers. Arived there at one o’clock. Found our

friends all glad to see us. Took Tea at 4 which is the time for we AEolians. Sung in the new hall call[ed] The Washington

Hall, and a splendid one it is. And what is more we had a most delightful audience and a pleasant time, excepting it was so awful hot. We sweat our cloths all through. Mr. Hoyt? by the way, is a fine man, and the way he does up things is not wrong. I’ll be bound, the road from Weare to Hooksett is as crooked as a snake, and as rough as the hypo.” The road from

Hooksett to Concord is more like the Arabian deserts, than a New England turnpike. We left the people of C[oncord] in extacies, and that is the way. Our evening’s performance was nothing compared with the suffering we had during the night with the tarnal skeeters and there are bumps on my head now as big as bullets, which you may call bumps of sketerativeness. But we lived through it. I slept on the floor and awoke betimes.

We took Eighteen dollars which more than paid our expenses. Mr. Hoyt’s bill— 5.25. Cryer— 50 cts. Started from Concord at % 7.18 miles from Concord to Franklin. Very good road most of the way. Rather sandy and most beautiful country. Excelent farms. Stoped at a tavern 5 miles this side of C[oncord]. Got our wheels greased. Sung 3 pieces and they charged

nothing for greasing so it saved 6 cts. that time. (Chaw.)"! Drove on. Came through Boscawen, and a pleasant vilage it is to. We sung all the way through which made the natives Daniel N. Hoit operated the famed Washington House tavern from 1837-1842. The Hall had been added onto the tavern in 1828, initially to provide a meeting place for the Whigs. 104 deep, morbid form of depression. 11A slang expression defined, “‘to defeat,’’ or ‘‘to discomfit completely.”’

Perhaps related to a similar Scottish term meaning, ‘‘a vexing trick.” 7

“A NOISE IN THE WORLD’’

stare. Oh how hot it is, and how thankful we are that we took two horses. We should have killed one before now — it lags

2. Stoped several times beside of the River — oh how delightful. Came up within 4 miles of F[ranklin]. Stoped at a farmer’s house — got a qt. of milk which we drink with a good grace. John then carried the empty pitcher in to the house, but soon came out-again with a good, round, lusty Apple pie. We to[ok] %4 apiece which took the whole, according

to Adam’s Arithmatick.!2 Gave the woman 16% cents, and drove off. (Saved five shillings! that time.) (Chaw) Moved along up, and arrived here about 1 o’clock. Romantick place. Noth[ing] more to write till something else happens. Degrees of heat at Concord 95 degrees— Hanover July 15th 1842 = [by Asa]

Friday P.M. Dartmouth Hotel |

Are at this present time enjoying pretty good health although we all have very bad colds. We sung July 14th at Franklin in

the Congregational Church. Had much better audience than we expected.

Took for our concert singing— 9.00

The meeting house was granted us gratutious. The minister with many honourable men were present, and gave indications of being highly pleased. Mr. Masa H. Morey keeps the

Temperance Hotel and if ever we patronised a temperance house that was worthy of patronage it was this exelent Hotel kept on strictly temperance principles. We took tea and had

our horses grained. Payed 1.50

2The reference is to either of two important arithmetic schoolbooks by Daniel Adams. His The Scholars Arithmetic was first printed in 1801 and still in use

thirty years later, although it was by then largely superceded by Adam's New Arithmetic, first published in 1827 in Keene, NH, and last printed in 1854.

3The term shilling was still in the vernacular of the 1840s, although it had ceased to have real monetary value shortly after colonial times, when it was a silver coin of twelve pence worth. By our period a shilling was generally equal to 12 2 cents, but its value may have been somewhat flexible accord-

ing to locales and persons. , | 8

12 JULY - 3 DECEMBER 1842

Whenever possible the Hutchinsons put up at temperance inns, where no alcoholic beverages were sold. Although such hotels were rare even in more rural, pro-temperance areas, they represented one of the temperance movement’s fruits of success. The temperance movement at that time encouraged a dialogue on a very real socio-economic problem of the first half of the century. Time and again foreign diarists, travelbook writers, and commentators on American life noted the excessive amount of alcohol con-

sumed in the United States. If public drunkenness was not commonplace it was only because, as one visitor said, Americans were ‘in a certain degree seasoned.”’ Still there can be no doubt that many

lives were ruined by the habit of drink. And a great habit it was. According to one set of figures, consump-

tion by the drinking age population in 1830 was, per capita, 9.5 gallons of distilled spirits (or 4.3 gallons of pure alcohol) and 27.5 gallons of hard cider, wine, and beer (2.8 gallons pure alcohol). That was nearly three times the consumption rate in 1975. All evidence indicates Americans truly did drink more heavily during the first fifty years of the republic than at any time before or since. Simple indulgence and weakness of character were not always the reasons for this great binge—although there was surely some of that, as the temperance people were quick to point out. It was commonly believed that liquor was nutritious and healthy, especially good for a digestive tract that needed all the help it could get to handle heavy, salty foods, often fried in lard. Geography also played a part. The produce of the American ‘’corn belt’’ — at that time Kentucky and Tennessee — was more easily and profitably transported in liquid form than in its natural bulk. The great whiskey-making industry of that region grew up in the early nineteenth century in the first case as an expedient, and only in the second to slake Eastern thirsts. And then, throughout the land, there was the general pro-

blem of available, potable, non-alcoholic liquids. Much water, whether in the muddy rivers, creeks, and swamps of the West, or in the growing, newly-industrialized, newly-polluted cities, was simply not suitable for drinking. Even shallow countryside wells were not always safe, given sanitation facilities of the period. For these and other reasons, water acquired a bad reputation: John Randolph wrote his son that in a single week eight people had died in

Philadelphia alone as a result of drinking cold water. Other Americans thought water ‘‘very good for navigation”’ and little else. Fresh milk was acceptable, but often available only in calving season 9

‘“‘A NOISE IN THE WORLD”’’

1840s.

to those on or near a farm, as many Americans no longer were. Juices

were seasonal. Tea and coffee were expensive luxuries until the By contrast fermented or distilled liquids retained their drinkability

for extended periods, were inexpensive, and could be transported without spoiling. Hard cider, the most popular common beverage outside the South, was spiked with even more alcohol to increase its shelf-life. That these drinks might also produce debilitating intoxication in the short-run and alcoholism in the long was an un-

fortunate side-effect. oe

Side-effect or no, drinking was a problem of serious, national proportions, one that the American Temperance Society addressed with its formation in 1828. One thought was, get the citizenry off the bottle by providing them with an alternate beverage. Accordingly, water’s image was scrubbed up and its availability increased by the establishment of municipal fresh-water supplies. The great ‘“Cold Water Armies’’ then marched into battle. Another temperance tactic was to provide social environments outside the dram shop. The great camp-

meetings and revivals that swept the nation in early century proved a model for other occasions where people of like evangelistic minds could gather in the spirit of holy fellowship; the temperance convention, the local temperance meeting, and the temperance tavern resulted. The temperance movement was so successful that by 1845 Americans were consuming only one-quarter the alcohol they had barely fifteen years before. Sobriety, rather than an ex- _

ception, came to be the rule. The Hutchinsons were among those taken up by this powerful new reform movement. John wrote that they signed the pledge of abstinence during John Hawkins’ campaign in Boston in April 1841. Thereafter, he claimed, they sang songs condemning alcohol (‘’The Old Total S’ciety,’’ ‘‘King Alcohol’) and patronized inns that refus-

ed to serve ‘‘demon rum.” They were eventually counted among the movement’s most prominent voices, perhaps the ones heard

with the greatest pleasure.

After our Concert we had our horses put into the vehicle and away we went in rather low Spirits, having Sung considerably, and we rode all night in the cool air. Passed through Andover, Wilmot, Lebanon, & Endfield. We took Breakfast 10

12 JULY - 3 DECEMBER 1842

Friday morning in Wilmot at 612 at a public House, but owing to Fatigue, we did not eat very hearty. Hanover July 15

Payed the Landlord for horsekeeping &c 1.50 The town of Endfield is a grand, pleasant, little place. The inhabitants are all Shakers, and their houses are constructed alike—being all painted yellow. They have a large Stone Establishment where they meet for worship. It is a grand edifice. It must have cost $15,000. There is a very pleasant Lake near this beautiful town, which is 2 or 3 miles in length. Found a toll gate, where we payed out, for to travel on that rocky

road — 36

Shakers sought spiritual perfection through the confession of sins,

communal sharing of property, celibacy, and isolation from nonShaker society. Their community at Enfield, on Mascoma Lake, was established in 1793 as one of nine such enclaves in North America. They eventually formed three communities there, the Church Family

(1793), the South Family (1800), and the North Family (1812), together making up more than two hundred celebrants. Farming, especially of medicinal herbs, with the manufacture of flannels and

simple, sturdy furniture formed the backbone of their successful commercial enterprise. They also established a granite quarry at Enfield that provided the stone for the 1837 construction of their dwelling house/worship hall. The Shakers were respected for their simple lives, industriousness, and charitable habits, as well as renowned

for their singing and unusual religious ritual, with its emotional, hypnotic dancing. Asa refers here to the tollgate of a turnpike. These roads often provided the quickest and easiest mode of land-travel in rural, early nineteenth-century New England. Many of the roads were built between 1810 and 1840 as commercial ventures, although few earned a profit. In return for periodic tolls travelers might enjoy a relative-

ly straight road improved by grading and drainage, perhaps even filled with gravel, tracked with planks, or corduroyed. Equally often the roadbed was deteriorating, or had been only a path to begin with, making for travel that was rough and expensive. Nevertheless, the turnpike was integral to the process by which the United States mov11

‘A NOISE IN THE WORLD’’

ed from a rural, agrarian, family-centered, relatively immobile society

at the beginning of the century to one that was more urban, in- | dustrialized, and seemingly forever on the move by mid-century.

Arrived in Hanover at 2 O’Clock. | a

Wednesday P.M. — Drove up to the Dartmouth Hotel, where we found many in readiness to attend upon us. Saw friend Cyrus L. Blanchard* in the Streets after having visited his place of abode twice without finding him. He was well. We immediately repaired to the Hotel and to a private room where we conversed together on the Prospect of our Singing &c. Mark True’* was in our room to see us a short time after

we had been there and it was truly pleasing to see an old School mate in health.

| Hanover July 15th 1842 Mr. Leonard French’’ was in to our room and from him I gained some interesting information &c. Sent tickets to several of the most professional Musical Students of Hanover one a Mr. Butler & Rickard.1* They came

in to the Dartmouth Hall where we were singing a few Trios, a Short time after tickets had been presented to them. They introduced themselves and after a Short Conversation on the 14Adjacent to the Dartmouth Hotel was a newly-constructed, wooden wing with a fine hall on the second floor, suitable for public meetings and performances. It was here that the Hutchinsons performed while in Hanover.

The hotel is now known as the Hanover Inn. ,

15Cyrus Lewis Blanchard (1818-1866), a native of Vermont, graduated from Dartmouth College in 1843, and later became a lawyer in New York. Since the Hutchinsons knew him previous to their trip to Hanover, he may have

been related to some of the many Blanchards from Milford. 16Mark True (1815-1875) was from Francestown, NH, nearby to Milford. He

had been a schoolmate of the Hutchinsons at the Hancock Literary and Scientific Institution. After graduating from Dartmouth in 1845 he returned

to Hancock as a teacher. ,

French (1817-1892) eventually became a physician in Manchester, NH, near

his Bedford, NH birthplace, after graduating from Dartmouth’s medical school in 1846. His mother had been a Hutchinson, possibly a relative of

the singers. -

18Perhaps Benjamin Butler and Truman Rickard, both class of 1842. — «12

12 JULY - 3 DECEMBER 1842

Construction of the Hall &c, they gave us an invite to attend their rehearsal of Music. We did attend their rehearsal and it was rather interesting but there was most to much noise. Their instruments were 1 Double Bass — 1 Violoncello — 1 Violin — 3 Flutes — 1 Pianofort — 1 Tenor Trombone. The Voices were very good but rather harsh— The Hutchinsons probably attended a rehearsal of the Handel Society. The choirleader of the Society in 1845 later recalled:

The Handel Society . . . was an all-alive institution. In the first place, it is the oldest musical society in New England, older even than the Handel and Hayden [!] Society of Boston. It was

formed in the College away back in the time before the pre-

sent notation in music was adopted and was very early in bringing out the oratorios. I remember its remarkably full library of choice and rare old music, such as could be found nowhere else. I remember how the choruses — sung by a society of a dozen or more members in those days — stirred up the

enthusiasm of old and young who sometimes flocked to hear

us in the church.

In Short we gave a concert in the Hall at 25 cts admittance.

Took about 7.00. If ever an audience was pleased it was this audience—all Gentlemen, No Ladies. What cheering— John Hutchinson remembered many years later in his autobiog-

raphy that the “‘ladies of Hanover it would seem, were a little cautious, for... there was... not a single bonnet in the building, somewhat to the embarrassment of the lady vocalist.’’ He goes on to say that they came out in number for the second concert, however.

Hanover, July 18, Monday _ [by Abby?]" [???] the last one sang from her [???] The Boys Learned [???] These frustrating lines were originally in pencil. At some point the entry was erased, and a few casual crosses made over it. Since the ink and nib used for the crosses appears the same as that for the subsequent entry, Asa might have made the erasures, perhaps out of pique that Abby had been writing in “‘his’’ book. 13

“‘A NOISE IN THE WORLD”’

have gone up to the Medical operations of [???] I went up to the College into the [???] my curiosity about [???] Library and saw the books. There were about 5 thousand volumes. [???] L. French came home. He had [???] there they [???] for Windsor, Vermont [???] One of the College Students came up and knocked at the door and asked if my brothers were in. I told him they were not. He [???] and I [???] meeting.

| Hanover July 16th 1842 Saturday Eve gave a concert at the Dartmouth Hall. Took

sant walk. | | |

18.00. Went over to Norwich [VT] with Blanchard. Had a plea-

Hanover

| | Sabbath day July 17th 1842 We had a ride to Endfield. Leonard French Rode with Judson, John and myself. We went to see the Shakers, and of all nonsense this seemed to be the greatest. Friend Blanchard took Abigail. Friend Lersell James, Woodbury”? and another young man from Nashua. Took dinner at the Tavern?! down there

— cost one fifty — 1.50

Hanover, Monday July 18

Very pleasant day — | Payed P. Morse”? the Landlord |

of whom we feel rather hard 19.00

milk payed— | 12 Payed for fixing Bass viol bow 12 Payed for toll over the Bridge _ near Windsor 20 Ink paper and pens — .20 On our way to Windsor we bought |

20Perhaps William Riddle Woodbury (1821-1860; Dartmouth, Class of 1843),

of the same hometown as French, Bedford, NH. , oS

Enfield. , |

21Probably Benjamin Blake’s Tavern, built about this time and the first in

22Parker Morse, of the Dartmouth Hotel. | 14

12 JULY - 3 DECEMBER 1842

Had a very pleasant time with the Students at Hanover, and after Settling with all, we bade them a long adieu. Had a plea-

sant morning to start. Windsor [VT] July 18th 1842 Monday Evening 10 o’clock

Just returned from the Court House where we have been holding a concert. We sung to a very interesting audience, the

most musical of this place but we did not get a very great number in. I gave notice that we should repeat our Concert here again on next Wednesday Evening, July 20th and if we have fair weather I think now that we shall have a larger audience than what we had to night. (We gave away some tickets.) We received tonight, little over 5.00. We go on to Woodstock tomorrow. Oh what a pleasant time we had at Hanover Saturday & Sunday and this Monday morning. Saturday went to Norwich.

Sabath went down to see the Shakers and this Monday morning visited the College Library, and the Medical building. There were many very interesting curiosities, especially the Skeletons. Oh! What a lesson it teaches to see so many human frames. Children from 1 to 10 months &c &c &c in natures shape. Oh. What a sight. Goodness. Johns watch is the best in U.S. No communication yet—So all well.29

Windsor July 19th 1842 Tuesday Morning Just been to Breakfast at the Windsor House. The Windsor House is a very splendid artifice, with the insides complicated. Every room seems to be finished in very good order. Took dinner in the Parlor but I have [now] sit to a letter table in the Little town of we are. We this Morning are well. Abba has a slight pain in her side. Windsor is a delightful

place. There is a States Prison here. P.M. Hubbard is the Lessee of the Court House— 23Written alongside of page. 15

‘“‘A NOISE IN THE WORLD”’

Payed for Abigail’s dress _ 2.75 Paid the Windsor House _ 4.00

Paid for Court House 1.50 | ”" "toll on our way to Woodstock 34

Pd. for a dinner in Hartland | 50

.Shave ” in Woodstock for a | brush, a tooth brush and powders 20

The toothbrush had been in use since only the eighteenth century, and in regular use maybe not yet at all. Dr. W. Beach’s The Family Physician, included a section on the self-care of the teeth, albeit

in an appendix. There Dr. Beach noted: _ | (T)he teeth of most persons in the present day, inconsequence _ of submitting to the treatment of mineral quack doctors, and taking their poison, (mercury,) have become so decayed that

very little can be done for them. , | , | Much of the blame for the poor teeth of the early and mid-nineteenth

century must lie with the dental profession, which preferred pulling or patching teeth to preserving them. Oral hygiene was a spinoff of the era’s medical reform movements which, for the first time perhaps in Western civilization, held out the fond hope of retaining one’s teeth beyond the middle years and living without the constant threat or, much worse, reality of debilitating toothache.

Woodstock July 20th 1842

| Very | | Wednesday Morning— pleasant day.

,|

We go to Windsor today. Gave a Concert last night inthe _ Universalists Church—to quite a good audience.

Took at the door only— 7.00

Payed young man for lighting up | 1.00

The people were very well Satisfyed.

We sing at Windsor to night. © |

| Thursday night we repeat our Concert here. We found a

a (16 ,

| family of Hutchinsons here, numbering the same as we ‘AEolians’ - Three Brothers & Sister. Rather singular. |

12 JULY - 3 DECEMBER 1842

We are 14 miles from Windsor. The town of Hartland between this place and Windsor, is a very pleasant place. The construction of the houses is grand. But Woodstock is the pleasant place. There are many pleasant villiages in N.H. but none that will Surpass Woodstock. Mr. Samuel Whitney the Landlord is a gentlemen. This is near to home. Everything wears a pleasant aspect. All well— [by Judson]

Oh dear I am sick. Going back to Winsor to day. Keep going. Hot weather no mistake. Oh what days. A good house is this, Whitney’s hotel. Good entertainment. I love to find Souls instead of Gizards—

Hanover [Windsor] July 21th Thursday Morning

At the Windsor House— Sung at the Court House last night to an audience but not so large as audiences that we get in Nashua, Manchester, Concord, Lynn, Portsmouth or N[ewbury] Port. On our way from Woodstock we found that Same old tollgate that we found when going up—

Paid for our team 34 At Hartland we had two shoes put on the

hinder hoofs of the White Bere)

Had a treat at a Farmer’s House .20 While in Windsor last Tuesday we visited the State Prison.

The Ocupants are not kept so strict as they are in Concord or in Charlstown. There was one old gent—that was put in for Life, that has been there 20 years, and who says that he does not wish to leave the place. He is alowed to work outside of the Prison and never attempts to run away, but to the contrary feels more contented when in the Prison.”4 24Cf., John Reynolds: Recollections of Windsor Prison; Containing Sketches of its History and Discipline; with Appropriate Strictures, and Moral and Religious Reflections (Boston: A. Wright, 1834). Reynolds, a former inmate at Wind-

sor, chronicled torture, depravity, and poor conditions at the prison, and argued ‘‘the cause of suffering humanity.’’ 17

‘A NOISE IN THE WORLD”’ | , ,

Paid for hall one dollar fifty 1.50 " "the Windsor House for accommodations 3.50 Money taken at our concert | 9.00

Paid for washing | 1.12 going to— pay for toll 34

Judson is on the bed pretending to be sick or Sleepy. John > is counting over nothing. Abigail is sitting on the bed and I am at the table a writing. Oh the good old days of yore. Saw two Students from Hanover. They took breakfast with us. They are quite gentlemanly. One had been in to our Concert at Concord, Han[over] and Windsor. They thought that

| our sister gave better effect with us, than when accompanied by Mr. Heath.” Yes and I think so too. Abigail sings like a

nightingail— | Let us go to Woodstock.

~ Woodstock July 22 [21st] 1842 _ Thursday P.M. Judson is on the bed, and is quite sick with the Head Ache. The others are pretty well.

Are at Samuel Whitney’s House. , Paid for our washing on the other page

—" "for The Violet?? a book 1.25

Abigail is about to have a gown made. The figure is good — , Quite a voluntary puff in the Vermont Mercury. Published by Haskell & Palmer. —22 July 1842

The Hutchinson Family consisting of three brothers and a sister, gave a concert of vocal and instrumental music, at the Universalist Chapel in this village on Tuesday evening last. The _

performance gave good satisfaction to those who were in at25Likely not an allusion to the ‘Good Ole Days of Yore’’ sung several years ,

later by the Hutchinsons. , OO Oo

_?6A reference to Lyman Heath of Nashua. The Hutchinsons had performed

| 18 oo

in Nashua and Concord with Heath several weeks before. _

27Probably The Violet, A Christmas and New Year's Gift for 1842 (Philadelphia:

popular authors of the day. | , a | Carey & Hart, 1842), containing essays, poems, and literary selections from

12 JULY - 3 DECEMBER 1842

tendance, and we are happy to announce that the concert will be repeated, with the introduction of several new pieces on this (Thursday evening) at the same place. Tickets of admittance may be had at this office at the trifling sum of 12 ¥%2 cents each. We trust they will have a full house.

Expenses! Expenses—Oh Oh How Happy are They?

6 O’Clock P.M.

| am most crazy. Judson is quite sick. I have given him some Thompsonian Powders and Tincture of Lobelia. He is now trying to get some sleep.

Samuel Thomson (1769-1843), born in Alsted, NH, was responsi-

ble for effecting a radical change in nineteenth-century American medical practice. In his A Narrative of the Life and Medical Discoveries

(1832) he wrote that he was early intrigued by the medicinal values of native roots and herbs, even as a four-year-old chewing the leaves of lobelia inflata, the pukeweed, and discovering with surprise its emetic effect. He was later to make this herb the primary item in the Thomsonian “‘Botanic’’ system of natural herbs, actually patenting its use. Thomson claimed it ‘cleanses the stomach from all im-

proper ailment, promotes an internal heat, which is immediately felt at the extremities, and produces perspiration,’’ all desirable. Thomson’s method also encouraged self-treatment—’’Every man his own physician’’—which he thought much preferable to being ‘’doc-

tored to death.”’ Not surprisingly Thomson was opposed by many in the established medical profession, who stood to lose fees as well as standing. He was regularly denounced as an apostle of ‘‘quackery’’ and was actually imprisoned for practicing his system. But conventional medical practice, based somewhat on overwhelming a disorder with compounds of mercury or opium or by bloodletting, was not successful enough to sustain the charges in either the courts or the public mind. The virtues of Thomsonian medicine, which basically allowed the body’s natural healing mechanism time to work, won 19

“A NOISE IN THE WORLD”’

him as many as three million subscribers by 1840, especially among

those who were coming more and more to respect, even worship,

nature and the natural. ,

The prospect is of a full house. And O! I hope. Judson is getting better.

a Thursday |

6 PM. Woodstock July 22d [21st] 1842

Judson is sick. He has been vomiting. I think he is a little

easier. He is to good to be so afflicted. |

Mr. Lullis a gentleman. He repaired my bow. He did it nice. Mr. Brown?’ the Chorister appears like a gentleman also. There is a Thompsonian in Woodstock—and blessed be his name for

it is the helpmeat of our whole Family and ought to be that of the whole Human Family. May its Cause flourish. Let every

one partake of its healing benefits. I do hope that Judson is

going to get well. There are many fine People in this

to live. |

Woodstock Vt. Judson and John Took cold last evening at Windsor by sleeping with the window open. Well it takes an age to learn how Judson eat no Supper but returned immediately to his cham-

ber where he now is trying to rest. A.M. Judson is better—Good.?? 6% O’Clock Woodstock July 22 [21]—1842

| Thursday—P.M. | Paid for Abigail’s dress 1.33. 8Mr. Brown settled in Woodstock during the winter of 1839-40 and became the music master of the village. Henry Swan Dana in his History of Woodstock,

Vermont (Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, 1889) said of him: ‘‘though an effec-

tive tenor singer in a chorus, where power was required, [he] was not a very good teacher, nor was his influence what it ought to have been in sustaining and elevating the art of music. . .’’ (p. 229) Dana did go on though

ly cultivated.

to acknowledge that at no time in the town’s history was singing more wide-

Entered later—next day?—after the following entry was made. 20

12 JULY - 3 DECEMBER 1842

Judson is a little easier.

Rutland July 23d 1842 At Woodstock Thursday evening we sung in the Universalist Church to an audience of about 150. Took about Eigh-

teen dolls— 18.00

Woodstock July 23d [22nd] Morning Paid Samuel Whitney for accomodations about 5.00

" Thompsonian medicine 18 "repairing Harnesses &c 79

"for young man’s tending lighting &c 1.00

After having settled with all the creditors at Woodstock. We comenced our journey for Rutland, over the Green Mountains

Pd.— .08

in a Westerly Course. After having traveled about 14 Miles we halted in front of a small unpainted Cottage and—drank two guts milk. % Mile from that place we found a Tavern. Had our horses

accomodated to 12 Bush oats— 34

immediately after we paid for toll— .40

The tavern and toll gate were immediately at the foot of the Green Mountains. We traveled up the Mountains with rather

peculiar feelings. When about a mile up the Mountain, we solicited the attention of one of the Mountain Cottagers with the desire of their giving us a Lunch of green Cheese & bread.

Good Indian Johniecake was provided and first rate Cheese. We eat our fill. But what happened afterwards was the most miraculous. After having paid 15 cts for our Lunchion of the Hutchinsons as we found them to be, we took up our line of March. Before

we had arrived at the highest Peak of the Mount, We the AEolians had a scuffel, in which Judson had his wristband torn of[f], Abigail had her Fingers numbed and I had my Coat

torne and the Skin of one of my knuckles bruised. The particulars I shall not state as I may in the minds of Judson and John deviate from the truth. I will barely say that I was pretty severely struck by Judson before I retaliated. It was an occurence long to be remembered. 21

‘A NOISE IN THE WORLD”’

| Rutland Vt. July 23d 1842 Saturday P.M. We had a pleasant ride yesterday from Woodstock, distance

28 miles west. On this side of the Green Mountains we found © another Toll Gate where we Paid twenty-eight cts.— .27[!] Rode into Rutland singing and awaking the Inhabitants from

their Lethargy. |

Put up at the Franklin House. Landlord Mr. Orcutt— Having repaired to a private chamber we called for Tea —

and in 42 Hour we repaired to the dining room where we Par- | took of a Supper. On coming out who should we see. Think | ye. In Amazement I beheld—who! Royal F. Lovell.3° How Amazed were we all, more particularly J[ohn] & J[udson]. Lovell grasped our hands with much delight and for about 15 Minutes the conversation was put in so many complex ways

that it would have been dificult for a Lawyer to have given any meaning to it. The conversation for 15 minutes was—

we cooled off— , a

Lovell!—Hutchinson—Hutchinson—Lovell. In an hour or two

| Rutland J[uly] 23d 1842

Last night sung in the Court House took 7.00 |

Expenses for hall lighting up 50

There were several Rowdies in and they were rather bois-

erous. Lovell kept the door. |

We repeat our Concert at the same place tonight—When we

Shall introduce several New Pieces— | | ,

This day [we] had a grand time with Royal F. Lovell, in the Otter Creek River a bathing. It has been a benifit to me already.

I relished my victuals better—and I feel better—

_ We dined at 1 o’clock to day at Orcutts. :

The most Magnificent Sublime scene was presented to our view yesterday that we have witnessed yet in all our travels.

22 |

Oh the Green Mountains! How delightful. The Valleys—

Plaines—lofty Hills—The green trees, vegitation, &c &c all tend —

Unfortunately nothing is known of Lovell, who will appear frequently in |

the next several pages of the journals. 7

12 JULY - 3 DECEMBER 1842

to enliven the mind and Spirits of mankind, and give him renewed vigor— O the beautiful breeze that Fans me while I am in my Sisters

room. Lovell just came in having desired to read this but I declined favouring him — 1842 Rutland Vt July 24th Sabath Morning R.F. Lovell by my side. A very pleasant morning.

Sung last night at the Court House. Took 5.00

Oh! If I must perish save the rest— I had the Blues last night, But now I feel better. R.F. Lovell is well and we all are pretty well. Are a going to Castleton immediately. Paid the old English gentleman

for Fixing up hall & lighting 1.00

Judson Bought a Pair of Boots but they were to small and therefore he returned them. We are about to start—Oh! me! — The Rutland People are very peculiar People. They are rather Sacreligious—

Paid the Landlord— 8.14 Had our thin pants washed at this place.

Have had 5 meals hear yesterday. R.F.L. Took tea with us. We had a fine time yesterday a bathing in the river— I feel better than I did —

Rutland July 24th 1842 Sunday Morn Paid John W. Hutchinson To paying for hats — 3.00 Whitehall New York—July 24th/42 Sabath Rejoicing

We the Hutchinson Family are at a temperance House in Whitehall New York. This morning we started from Rutland Vt with R.F. Lovell and left our Guitar behind. (Look in there.) Travelled about 2 miles, when on a hill a gentleman came on 23

, | ‘“‘A NOISE IN THE WORLD”’ behind us & by our request passed us, but soonhe stopped and requested one of us to ride with him. I accepted and hav-

ing got into the carriage with him, we went of[f] a[t] full speed. | But I did not see R.F. Lovell again. NoI did notevenbidhim => _ adieu thinking that I should see him before he left the other boys. But he got out at Claringdon*! Spring Road — and I saw

him no more. He exchanged watches with John— That fellow Lovell I very much esteem. He is a good hearted

young man.

Whitehall New York ,

July 24th 1842 Sabath Eve ©

At the Temperance House. | , -

Abigail has just retired to rest. Judson is perusing history. John is writing a line to a Miss Tryphena H. Tupper, and I

am scribbling. Be ,

Miss Tupper, Sarah French, and Jane R. French were students from nearby towns who attended the Female Seminary in Milford. All possessed good singing voices and feminine charms that attracted the attentions of brothers John, Judson, and Asa. More than

fifty years later, John reminisced: _ | (O)ur hearts and souls were kindled with a flame of sacred

love, and we worshiped at these shrines, and the associations | ripened into harmony... . At last, we unitedly resolved to | make propositions for engagement, and on Saturday night, | ; ~ each repaired to the home of his sweetheart, and asked the

question, ‘“Will you be mine?’’ The answers were to be an- | - nounced at our meeting the following day, but as the course ,

of true love never does run smooth, the order was put in ,

| _ abeyance, and we were obliged to abide on probation...

It is not clear if the proposals had been made by July 1842. More

journals, . , oe , certain was the continued attraction these young ladies had for the | Hutchinson men, attested to by subsequent references in these

24 | ,

31Clarendon? OO ,

12 JULY - 3 DECEMBER 1842

I rode to Castleton with a Mr. Chamberlain of White Hall. Stoped at Mr. Spencers Hotell. Mr. C. Had his horse grained.

In a few minutes after we had been there The Hutchinsons ~ hove in sight. They had their horses put up and grained at this same Hotell. Our bills through neglect of the Stage driver were not received by Mr. Spencer and inquiring about it we found that both the package for C[astleton], and also for White

Hall had been carried away down to Middlebury.®? Mr. | Spencer Spoke very discouragingly to us about our stoping there as the Schools were both enjoying vacation and the remainder of the inhabitants were Anti-Packet,5 also. We found Mr. Spencer a very kind friend— 1842 White Hall—Sabath Eve July 24th We took dinner at Mr. Spencers, of Castleton for which we paid 1.12% including horse keeping— Having concluded to go to White Hall I engaged Mr. Chamberlain to carry me, as he said he should like my company. We went on with tremendous Speed leaving the 3 to come in the Carryall. I never travelled such a road. It was very good travelling untill we arived within 5 miles of White H[all]. Those 5 miles were bad enough. We broke the fills* of[f] when within 2 miles of W[hite] H[all] and basted them on again with ropes

and went on. 25 miles from Rutland Vt. we found Whitehall N.Y. and it is very pleasantly situated on Lake Champlain. The head of the Great Western Canall is at this place. There are 3 or 4 steam boats that ply on this lake passing from this town to Burlington &c. Fare to Troy (50) miles, 25 cts. and board. (Regular price $2.00).%6

Sung several pieces of sacred music this evening at this house. Quite an audience out doors. Very pleasant evening. Good by for to night. 32Actually ‘‘up’’ to Middlebury. 33A somewhat obscure term, but suggesting opposition to itineracy. 34More properly, ‘‘thills’’; the wooden shafts that connected the horse to the carriage. 35In manuscript, ‘“boarded.’’ 36The fare on the stage? 25

‘(4 NOISE IN THE WORLD”’ - |

| Whitehall July 25/42 [by Judson] | Monday Morning. It is a delightfull Morn. Rather cooler than it was yesterday. This place is one I have longed to be at. There —

is a lively sort of people here. They seem to do up business | hear. We are now at the head of the grand western canell, _ the extent of which is 250 miles, extending to Buffalowe N.Y.

Splendid, Picturesque scenes that ever I saw. The canal is — | within 30 feet of where I slept. Last night the boatmen Disturb- | ed me by their noise. Their boats are drawn by horses. This.

_ place seems quite much like a city. The steamboats on the _ Lakes are most beautiful & splendid. Their course is from this | | Place to Montriall B[ritish] A[merica], also to Quebeck U[pper] ; C[anada]. This is a splendid Lake. The boats aretakenupin- = to the lake by aid of Locks &c. 55 Miles from this Place to _ Saratoga springs. We sing to night at the Presbiterian Church.*”

Don’t know. Oh I have got the blues by gracious. I have just

Arose from a knap on the sofa. Feel rather revived. John has 7 just come in and says he can’t find one of the trustees of the oo _ Church. Oh dear. O what shall we do. Our bills are up for , the P[resbyterian] Meeting house. We are 150 miles from home, amongst strangers. No wonder I have got the ///////.58 IT should like to see our friends in Milford, but Ilove to travel. Deacon Johnson sets a first rate table here in White Hall, but | | I don’t know but we shall break and burst, when he makes

out his bill. Oh, the uncertainty of human afairs Sir. I have | bought a pair of boots and they pinch my feet so that I can- not wear them with any comfort. We went today on to the

fort in this town erected at the time of the battle of Lake Cham- 7 plain. Very high eminence. Saw a hog as big as an Elephant.

| Weighs 12,000 pounds. Saw this morning a boy rolla stone | from the top of the great Ledge. Killed 4 horses and knocked | _ the great hog over the scragy steep about 100 feet into the white __ river and he drowned the [incomplete]. Been to Tea. Feel full. Twenty five years old. Ase looks harpoons. Thirty dollars 37The Presbyterian Church, constructed in 1826, added a new lecture room

in 1842, perhaps in time for the Hutchinsons’ use. a

of which find below. a _

38Judson often used slashes to avoid writing out ‘‘horrors,’’ a discussion

26

12 JULY - 3 DECEMBER 1842

apiece. Sing Shepherds Call. Not so public spirited. Liked him

first-rate. Don’t like fond weeping. Mourners bend over the sea. Tract Meeting in the lower part.°? Catch me catch what. Mr. Traverse down to the Clergyman. Twice or three times. Let them in. Go it now. % past five. Find Traverse at home. I’m sick. What’s that for. You had better go. Send him some tickets. I’ve done my part. Hired the fellow & paid him. Oh dear stomach. I know it. Dec. Johnson is a fine man. People or boys can look in to the window. I don’t think he will have any objs.*° Gone down to see him. Feel pious. A few sparkling drops. My hopes are shattered. Why don’t you. Hope it pulled. You can’t get me a new dress. I think you will write that. I guess you will ha he he he. May I go dear sirs. Washing down in Whitehall. My tassle on your pants. Another boat come in. Have our shirts tomorrow. Nice buggy. Yes get a pine Apple if we get lot money to night. The above is a capital example of the writing style Judson employed when with the “‘horrors,’’ a term all the Hutchinsons used to mean gloominess, or depression. Judson’s depression was often severe and characterized by disjointed, almost stream-of-consciousness writing. Here, though, there is still a sense of event and chron-

ology, however tentative: the problems with the concert at the Presbyterian Church; a tract society is planning to use part of the building at the same time as the concert; the whereabouts of Trustee ‘‘Traverse,’’ who controls the scheduling or some particulars of the building’s use; and an allusion to their laundry. But at other times Judson lived quite alone in his fertile imagination, with little sense

of reality. The twelve-thousand pound hog is clearly such an instance. The Hutchinsons who published accounts of the Family’s career treated Judson’s mental condition with circumspection. From them

it is clear that he was perceived as ‘‘different,’’ but none really prepare the reader for the suddenness of Judson’s suicide in 1859, supposedly brought on by another of these bouts of depression. 39The reference is probably to a religious missionary group meeting in the lower part of the Presbyterian Church. 40)bjections. 27

. | ‘“A NOISE IN THE WORLD”’’ It would be difficult to diagnose a specific mental disorder from the perspective of a century-and-a-half, with only the few writings we have here to guide us. But it is clear Judson was not “‘normal’’ in his perceptions of the world when visited with the “‘horrors.’’ His behavior then is manifestly different from that of his brothers,

and would be abnormal in the view of any twentieth-century psychology. And as he grew older, it seems his condition worsened. James R. Newhall wrote only five years after his death: ‘’For several years he had at times been insane, and his mind occasionally seemed to incline to self-destruction.’’ In fact, he was likely a great

deal sicker than his family wanted the public to know. With the insight afforded us in these journals Judson emerges as

a man who possessed the freshest creative imagination of all the singers and, tragically, an unbalanced mental state that contributed

to his decision to seek his own death. | |

to day. | ,

Whitehall July 26th/42

Here we are again and I have not had the horrors so bad since _ we started from Home as I had them Yesterday P.M. and also

I ran all about Whitehall to see the Trustees of the

Presbyterian Church. Obtained the Church of Dec. Johnson.

| John went up at 7%2 P.M. to tend the door. We went up at 8 o’Clock - and not a soul was there except John and the sexton. We went into the desk, and there we sighed and at 8 12

there were about 20 persons in the house. We tuned our in- | ‘struments and played 1 March. I arose and told them that we should not go through our exercises as there was not sufficient encouragement. We sung 3 quartetts, 2 songs - The Snow Storm, [and] (He Was Such a Nice Young Man), Trio - Little

money— | Had money left . 3.00 Farm well tilled. With Sweet Home we closed—

Gave tickets to many for Tuesday evening and to some their

have an audience— | |

We sing to night at the Basement if we sing at all. We must ,

This life is a dream, an empty show. But that bright world

— 28

12 JULY - 3 DECEMBER 1842

to which we go has joys supreme.*! Have patience. We Stop at Johnson’s temperance house. Judson playing on violin.

Cash on hand — 40.00

Just so—Oh me—yes—

Breath—noise, outdoors—in cannall Feel—very sleepy — July 26 42 ~— [by John]

Yess I guess you do well so do I. This Monday & Tuesday shall be kept in my memmorry as long as I live said John W. Hutchinson. O! Dear what will become of us. These are times that try our soles.* I feel like one that treads alone some banquet hall, Deserted, whose lights are fled, garlins Dead and

all but I.4

Whitehall July 27th 1842 Wednesday Morning Who should I see this morning on returning from the Prin-

ting Office. Who was the person that I saw. Guess my surprise to see—see what? To see Josiah Fuller“ our old Townsman. He was sitting in the sitting room of ours and the way I Shook hands with him was no way indiferent. He is well. Has been teaching School “IThe first metaphor here is a common one, used by Shakespeare, Longfellow, and others. Probably, though, the reference is to Isaac Watts’ ‘‘Psalm 90,’ verse 5: Death, like an overflowing stream Sweeps us away; our life’s a dream; An empty tale; a morning flower,

Cut down and wither’d in an hour.

The second more-optimistic sentence is unidentified, although possibly also

from a psalm or hymn. 42From Thomas Paine’s The Crisis, no. 1. 43From Thomas Moore’s ‘’Oft, in the Stilly Night’: I feel like one, who treads alone some banquet-hall deserted. Whose lights are fled, whose garland’s dead, and all but he departed! “4Frustratingly little is known of Fuller, who assumes an important role in these pages. He was possibly the ‘‘Josiah,’’ son of Robert and Sarah Fuller, born 1 May 1814 in Milford, who died 1889 in California. 29

‘‘A NOISE IN THE WORLD”’ | ,

| is going north. a | | at the town of Bethlehem, New York. He is the same as ever,

a Whitehall July 27th 1842

OB Wednesday Morning

Sung last night in basement of Presbyterian Church Basement. Had quite an audience but most of them had tickets

given to them of the previous night. , |

Took at the door | 2.00 _ Paid for the Sexton’s services a 1.00 cts Per hundred— , oo We are all very well— | _— Are about to have several hundred bills struck off — at 75

Mr. Cragsett Chemists— | OO The Barber® and Mr. Warren—

| - | 27th — [by Judson] | O! Joyful O joyful. This is a happy time. Mister Fuller is hear

now with a gentleman from the south. Wat a chang in my | _ feelings. Yesterday I was in the horrible pit and mire clay. To-

day my feet are placed on another foundation. 1-year&ahalf | ago I saw Mr. F. at My Father’s House when I enjoyed wat I call heaven below. The scene has changed. Hear we are 200 | Miles from home. O! How rejoycing a thing itis to meetsome _ _ old friend away from Home where we are purfic strangers to all around us. Mr. F. I am glad to see you at this time. No wonder that you are excited at this time. Happaness thou lovely Morn. Where’s thy sut.* O! tell me ifwhere, I have found

thy sut. Yes. | a oo

, Whitehall, Wednesday, July 27th/42

We have just returned from dinner. It was fine—a good |

roasted pig I admire. a Before dinner we had a very pleasant watk up on fort Hill

_ with J.F. Fuller and Daws. They have just returned from the |

46Suit? , , | | 30

_ 4SThis might be the Mr. Brown, barber, John Hutchinson called ‘the oracle

of the music circle’’ in Whitehall. , - -

12 JULY - 3 DECEMBER 1842

steam Boat. Fuller says that he cannot tear himself from us and we agree with him. I feel pleased that they have returned. We are all in good Spirits. We sing at the Clinton House tonight. The pleasing scenes of enjoying the presence of Fuller and Daws answer But the days of happiness in this little world are Short — May peace crown all— Whitehall July 27 ~— [by Fuller]

A chapter from Fuller. For once in my life my anticipations of future enjoyment have been more than realized! Having expected during my short excursion to find most of my enjoyments in the exhibitions of natural scenery and the very moderate excitements of country life—little did I think of meeting four Friends from my native Town—And four too of all others from that native town, I would like to see! The sons of Jesse! and Daughter too—The dear, charming little (?) Abba!—but wasn’t she little when I saw her last? And now—ah! she is before me & [I'll

stop atonce... Iam more than gratified by the exhibition of native talent these Friends afford - hope they will take the proper course to secure the advantages their talents ought to bring them. God speed ye—dear Friends—if my wishes were blessings they

would fall upon you like the first big drops of summer showers.

Whitehall, July 27— — [by Fuller]

sunset Hour The sunset hour: the sunset hour: How beautiful on every flower As fading glories face—

The golden clouds, how deep their shade. How rich their hues by the light are made As it passes away from all How sweet the wild bird’s evening note, How sad & soft its echos float 31

‘‘A NOISE IN THE WORLD”’

On the dying breath of day— 7

| So gently breaths the latest sigh, , So pure the light in beauty’s eye As it fades in accent away.

| | ——O—— 7 [by Judson]

Wish Sis R[hoda] was here

Took at White Hall on Wednesday evening 8.00 |

| _ Thursday Morning July 28th

Paid P. Johnson &cs 15.50

Paid man for putting up bills 45 | "woman for a draught of milk .10

July 29 Sandy hill, New York All well. — [by Judson] Came from Whitehall yesterday, through Fort Ann. Stoped at Sandy-Hill. Left bills for tonight, and pushed on to Glens falls. Arived there at 2 o’clock got out our bills as soon as may

be and waited with extreme anxiety the results of the Evening. It came. We went in but few attended. We however went through with the cerrimonies although we had but very little to excite us to action. Dismissed after giving notice of arepeti- _ tion on Saturday Eve. We are now in Sandy Hill. John, Asa & Aby are lolling on the Sopha reading the news. But I am at the table writing history. Took at G[lens] F[alls] $3. Expenses

$3.75. So much for that place. If they don’t give us a good house tomorrow we shall have to shake the dust off in every sense of the word, for there is nothing but sand and dust for | 5 miles in circumference. Would not give 2 cts. forall weshall make in N. York. Glad we are so far from home. I grew fat in Whitehall. Lived on roast pig & pies and that was enough

,0,|

to pay me for Stoping. O Shall not endeavor to write any more

for fear I shall have the ////s. Oe |

12 JULY - 3 DECEMBER 1842

Sandy Hill N.Y. July 29th 1842 Friday Evening Are waiting for an invite into the hall for to sing a few Pieces

to the musicians of this place. Gain pretty soon. Last night Sung at Glens Falls. Prospect good for tomorrow night. Very rough road from Whitehall to Glens Falls. The roads in NewYork so far are far inferior to the roads in N. Hampshire. But the roads are quite level especially near the Canell. Came over

a Ledgey hill on our passage from Whitehall to Sandy hill. It was a most splendid lot of pavements I every saw. Our horses as well as ourselves fared remarkably well at White Hall.

They were plump and in good order to travel yesterday but I think they did not have their grain last night. John & J[udson] intend going to Saratoga Springs tomorrow, in hopes of obtaining a place to hold concerts. Sandy Hill Friday July 29th 1842 Judson on the bed reading. John in a chair one leg on another chair reading. Abigail ditto.

The Sun is down. We have but recently returned from Tea. Before we took tea we went down and sung to 4 musicians or Amateurs at least. I gave them two tickets apiece. Printer two - agregate 10. Judson is now in the chair. We have come to the conclusion that if we pay our expenses in New York we shall do well. Did not pay our expenses last

night. May not to night. We sing in the Eagle Hotel dining Room. A good place to accomodate an audience outdoors. Yes—o! yes.

We have not been out to walk in this town yet—O! What an audience we shall have to night; I predict 10 the No. of

tickets.

About 34 Dollars on Hand. We shall grow rich to fast—and I am afraid the Milford peo-

ple will envy us if they hear that we have 34.00 dollars on hand—O! the times—

33

‘‘A NOISE IN THE WORLD”

Abigail acts well her part: Can you count 25.*7

Sandy Hill July 30th 1842 Saturday A.M. [by Judson] Aby and I are here alone, but don’t enjoy ourselves very well. Feel lonesome. John & A[sa] have gone to Saratoga Springs to make preparations for a concert. Hope they will meet with better encouragement than we have lately singing here. Last night quite a number in enough. I hope in all merely to pay expenses. I must say some thing about the people here.

They are, as far as I can read, a course, grunting set. of skinflints, or to quote the adage[?] of the poet, a pack of poor

pups, & pewterskins, panthers, and porcupines, prepared pro- | bably for purgatory, preparing their penurious posterity, foul pride, popularity, popes, priests, popcocks & pumkinheads. Quite a breeze to day. Tremenduous dusty. Going to sing at Glensfalls again tonight. Don’t expect to pay our expenses in NY. Feel rather discontented about this time. What a world this is. Oh love where hast thou fled. The boats on the Great western Canal are continually passing us on the North with its-beats-its packets, passengers, and Lumber, flour &c. While on the South in magestic grandieur, tumbles along that grand Hudson river, very wide but not so deep as the Connecticut.

This town contains a beautiful common which looks as the Garden of Eden did when Eve pushed me out. I came out not denying the true principle of logic, and art, but rather by the comprehensive manuveuring of phrenology. _ Phrenology was a pseudo-science extremely popular in the mid-

nineteenth century, developed first in Europe and brought to

America by prominent administrators of insane asylums. Phrenologists studied the shape and conformation of the skull and derived from its dimensions mental capabilities, behavioral and emotional traits. Through remedial ‘‘exercises’’ a patient might actually strengthen one cranial region in relation to another. Since it held out hope for improvement, phrenology proved attractive to those

in the reform movements. ,

47This reference is to a quartet with that title, sung by the Hutchinsons. 34

I2 JULY - 3 DECEMBER 1842

A phrenological analysis of the Hutchinson Family was offered in 1847.

Their temperaments are exceedingly fine, and also excitable ... Hence that intensity of feeling and that pathos which they infuse into their music. . . . In all of them the social organs are unusually large . . . Combativeness is well developed in all; and as it combines with large Conscientiousness, and less Veneration, it takes a moral reformatory turn . . . TUNE and IMITATION are, however, their largest organs, both of which they evince in every note they utter. .. . LANGUAGE is large in them all... CONSTRUCTIVENESS and WEIGHT are large

in all, and manifested in their great natural genius for instrumental music .. . IDEALITY and SPIRITUALITY are also large in nearly or quite all the family . . . Indeed, all their moral

organs except Veneration are unusually large. . . . And that this talent was INHERITED, is evinced both by the extraordinary size of Tune in all their heads, and by the naturalness and musical pathos which characterize their style of execution.

They sing from the SOUL, and TO the soul, because TUNE is SO SPONTANEOUSLY active and powerful. . . . Great susceptibility of feeling, and the keenest sensibilities, are indispensable to good music. I never saw a good musical artist without them. These the Hutchinsons possess in a pre-eminent degree. They are all FEELING, and liable to those same EXTREMES of elation and depression which characterize their mother, caused their aunt Sally to commit suicide, and prevail-

ed in their grandmother Leavitt .. . [by Judson]

This is Washington county New York, if Iam not blistered,

& I long to get out of it. After dinner. Aby & I had just come from dinner when we were visited with as beautiful a shower as ever wet the deserts of Sandy hill. Oh it is heartcheering to hear the copious drops

come in such profuzions after such a long spell of drough. If John & Asa don’t get soused then call me Philip Muggmun-

dy. Oh Iam a savagerous man, nothing more till I think of it. 4 o’clock. It now rains in Torrents. Oh how delightful. I 35

‘A NOISE IN THE WORLD”’

hope J & A will know enough to go in when it rains for their mother don’t know they are out. Where it was dry as powder 3 hours ago, there is a large stream running. Wonder how long

it will run. May as long as it lasts. Can’t tell. About sunset & I have got the horrors.** John & Asa have not arrived and it rains in torrents. Looks as though it would last for many days. Hope not. Expected to sing at Glens falls to night. They don’t come. Oh yes they have come all drenched with rain wet as they can be. Got right straight into bed. Oh Gracious. Pieces shad, some refreshments brought up and

they took it out of bed. Aby has gone to bed and I am left alone to ponder upon the sins of the last week. Lost money this week. Hope we shall make some thing next. They have let the Aeolians at Saratoga for three nights next week. The man boards us, does the business all and is to give us 1/3 of what is taken. Oh heavens how it rains. Hope it will slack off tomorrow. John & A are snoozing. I want to leave soon. Aby says She cannot sleep. My feet ache. Stockings most worn out. Got to sleep this afternoon. Went home saw Father, Benj[ami]n

& J[oseph] T[arbell] coming down through the field with the

old mare and waggon after a load of hay. I don’t know the reason, but they would not speak with me. Thought I had got to come back to Glens falls tonight. E. Holbroock keeps this house called the Eagle Hotel. Rather

a fair man as near as I can Cypher, but he sells the devil. If rum was exterminated from this country wonder how many bleeding hearts would be healed. Let those amiable wives who

have drunken husbands, solve the problem. July 30 1842 = [by Judson] Saturday 9% o’Clock

As I was sitting in a chair _ |

Thinking of a sad afair, I sat alone, and all was still

Around the place called Sandy Hill. , My mind was wandering to and fro, 81/111" above word. 36

12 JULY - 3 DECEMBER 1842

Not knowing where to stop, or go, I looked all round, for a short time, To see some object for a rhyme, And all I saw was two flat beds. In one of them, there laid two heads. Its John and Ase, they’re snoozing away The jaunt they had at the Springs today. When they arrived they were soaking wet, But not like Concord concert sweat. They were out in some of the heaviest spats and got as wet as drowned rats. Oh if Tryphena & Jane & Sarah were here, I looked all round, and scratched my head, Think I to myself, I go to bed. (Good night) Lost 3 fat pigs.*”

Glens falls Sunday July 31, 1842 [by John] Cold enough to wear a great coat. Staid in Sandyhill last night. Of course our concert in this place was omited. We have

had a fine rain but a great change in the weather. Feel very uneasy. Came from Sandyhill this morning after paying our bills which were 7.00. Going to Saratoga Springs tomorrow. Long to get into Massachusetts. saratoga Springs Tuesday P.M. Aug 2d Judson, John, Abigail and three Strangers in this our sitting room. They are playing domino. Count up. O! Me—

Took 150.00°°

We gave a Concert at the Pavilion Fountain House last night.

D. McLaren®! made a bargain with us to Board us and keep Written alongside page. This figure is wishful thinking. The concert was no more successful financially than any others during this period in New York. John below and later in his autobiography noted the small audiences in Saratoga Springs. 51Daniel McLaren was the manager of the Pavilion Fountain House. He had that year built the lecture room where the Hutchinsons performed. The room was on the second floor, had walls seventeen feet high and cushioned seats arranged in a semi-circle, altogether thought a most admirable place for concerts and the like. 37

‘‘A NOISE IN THE WORLD”’

our horses and give us 1/3 of the proceeds. Pretty Lively times in this place, the rides, the Balls and other entertainments, how amusing. Went up to the U[nited] S[tates Hotel] after our Con-

cert. They had a cotilion party at that place. At the Congress Hall they had a ball - at which place Frank Johnson’s band*? presides— By trying their luck at Saratoga Springs the Hutchinsons hoped

to appeal to the famed resort town’s many, generally affluent tourists. The Gazetteer of the State of New York for 1842 described the place:

(It) is justly celebrated as being the most noted watering place in the United States, . . . It is built chiefly on one broad street or avenue, and the numerous large hotels and houses for the accommodation of visitors, give it an imposing appearance, in particular when thronged with company, as it usually is dur-

ing the summer months... . |

The hotels and boarding houses in this village are numerous, and many of them fitted up on a large and magnificent scale, unsurpassed by any other similar establishments in the Union.

The United States Hotel, situated near the railroad depot, is | a large four story brick edifice, furnishing accommodations for 400 guests; the location is central, and within a short distance of all the principal mineral springs for which this place is so justly celebrated. Congress Hall and Union Hall are both old and popular establishments, situated on the south of the village near the Congress spring. The Pavilion on the north, near the

, Flat Rock, and the newly discovered mineral fountains, known as the Pavilion Springs, is pleasantly situated, surrounded in part by highly cultivated grounds - which is also characteristic of most of the large public houses built for the accommoda-

tion of summer visitors. .. . ,

52Frank Johnson (1792-1844) was one of the first blacks in the United States

to make his living as a professional musician. Born in Philadelphia, he organized a band of accomplished black musicians, who traveled about from , the 1820s playing for balls and dances. His was among the first American musical ensembles to travel to England, performing there in 1838. 38

12 JULY - 3 DECEMBER 1842

On the 3rd of August, an average day in mid-summer 1842, the Daily Saratoga Sentinel in its daily column, “’ Arrivals at the Principal

Hotels Yesterday,’’ gave us a perspective on tourism in Saratoga Springs and the relative sizes of the four largest hotels: the United States welcomed eighty-eight new guests, the Union Hall fifty-eight,

Congress Hall thirty-seven, and the Pavilion, sixteen. The springs themselves had names like Congress, Columbian, Hamilton, Putnam, Pavilion, High-Rock, Iodine, Empire, Union, Ellis, White Sulphur, and Benedict. People drank from them and bathed in them, believed them to have medicinal as well as purely recreational properties. The primary vivifying elements were salts in unusually high quantities and natural carbonation. The waters

of each spring contained these ingredients in varying amounts though, which led partisans to claim special virtues for their favorites.

Of course, many of the visitors to Saratoga Springs came for neither the waters nor the first-class hotels, but to see and be seen, to entertain and be entertained. John Hutchinson published a song in 1862 that summarized ‘“What They Do at the Springs.’’

They eat, they drink, and they sleep, They talk, they walk, and they woo, They sigh, they laugh, and they weep; They read, they ride, and they dance, With other unspeakable things, And they pray, and they play, and they pay, And that’s what they do at the springs. As one of the entertainments, the Hutchinsons were reviewed in the local press, and with favor. From the Daily Saratoga Sentinel for the 3rd of August:

The Hutchinson family consist of 3 brothers and a sister. They do not profess to be “infant phenomenons,”’ or “’youthful prodigies.’’ On the contrary the brothers are fine looking, gen-

tlemenly young men, and the sister is apparently from fourteen to sixteen. But upon this point we do not wish to be too positive, it being rather a nice question. I am positive, however,

that she is quite pretty and modest withal; and in my poor judgment she has a voice at once soft and powerful and sings with great animation. The brothers, too, are entitled to great commendation, not only as vocalists, but as instrumental performers. 39

‘A NOISE IN THE WORLD”’ | Unfortunately, the ‘‘puff’’ was not to be translated into ticket receipts. [by Judson]

14 Diferent Springs here. The most curious of which is High Rock Spring, which comes up through an orifice in a solid rock

5 feet [high] as large as a man’s hat. Congress is the most popular although no better than others. Came here Monday. Bought nothing and paid in nothing. Sung last night to a hall full of seats. (Oh brimstone). Going to Bolston®3 to day. Hope for better luck soon or we shall squash. The spring water does

not suit me. The road from Glens falls to Saratoga springs is one continued bed of sand. Oh popcock and hoboken. The poor ye have always with you but me, ye have not always.°4 I wish I was in Mass. I am of the opinion that I shall make a noise in the world yet. But when I think of the future my eyes become dull and I am going to sleep. I am asleep now when I write. Mr. Williams keeps the bath house here. He

is a fine man. And he says they are trying to run him out and | can they is the question. A great deal of oposition here. Great

many things in this world Capt. Dickerson.

| Aug 3/42 [by John]

J.W.H.—Well here we are Judson, Abigail & John at the

Springs a trying to enjoy our selves. But I think that I’ve Scene an end of what they call perfection here below. O! the chang-

ing scenes of life. This world is all a fleeting show so it is. [by John]

J.H.—We have been here 2 days. Given two concerts at the Pavilion Fountain house. Met with poor encouragement. Think we Shall not try it another night. Brother Asa has gone to Ballston to make engagements for tonight. Hope he will succeed in his undertakings. Think that he will. 1am myself rather non 3Ballston Spa.

John 12:8: ‘For the poor always ye have with you; but me ye have not always.” 40

IZ JULY - 3 DECEMBER 1842

Compass Mentass today. Wish that I was in Mass. Lynn. Would like to see [Tryphena].°° Since we have been in this state we have not paid our expenses. The last fortnight we have lost $15. It is rather Dis[couraging?]. Hope to do better

business soon. Saw today a gentleman Friend from Peterborough N.H. Also a Minister of his acquaintance. Went this morning to Congress Springs to hear F. Jonson’s Band perform. This band composed of 10 Black Men from the south. They play very well but no equall to Kendles Brass Band of Boston.°°

Nothing more to write now. Leave this afternoon for Balstown 7 miles from this place, then we go to Albany, Ny. All well. God is good. Amen. Asa writing ten years later in The Book of Brothers related an inci-

dent upon leaving Saratoga Springs that does not appear in the journals.

(J)ust as [we] were starting . . . a stranger informed [us] that [our] horse had broken into his field and, not having the fear of the law before his eyes, had committed sundry and divers damages . . . which he demanded and [we] paid. John took notice of the same event in his book and added that ‘we drew forth the only money we had and gave it to him, and he went off satisfied.’’ One wonders not only why the Hutchinsons did not note such a catastrophe in their diary, but why they seemed in such good spirits the very next day. A close reading of the rest of Asa’s text suggests an answer. It seems that the Hutchinsons’ profit in Saratoga Springs was only seventy-five cents. The gentleman whose field had been violated charged them four shillings six pence, or slightly more than fifty cents. After paying this the Hutchinsons left Saratoga with hardly any additional money, not any money. 55Name is deliberately obscured in manuscript; there is a suggestion of ‘“‘Tryphena’”’ though.

56The Boston Brass Band, organized in 1835, was one of the premier ensembles of its type. The band had been effectively defunct since 1840 when

virtuoso bugler Edward Kendall and his brother James left to perform in Europe. 41

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12 JULY - 3 DECEMBER 1842 Jr Aug 4/42 — [by John] Well here we are at Ballston. All well. Asa came by way of the cars.°” Judson, Abba and myself came with our team. Got here Wednesday in the afternoon 5 P.M. All in good spirits. Of the Past. Our Bills at Glens Falls were $8.00. Took there first night $2.00 which was 12 of our expenses there. Asa &

I had a fine ride over the Hudson the other day on the raft. Jud says that we are agoing to have a long storm. Hope not. We sung last night in the Dining Room of Mr. Weltch & Co. Had a good house. Took 4 dollars. Enough to pay our expenses. Prospect is good for a good house tonight. Sing in the same place tonight. Tickets 25 cts single. Admitting a Lady and gentleman 37% cts.°8 O! Dear Jud. & others are a trying to rake up something new. They are a playing on one anothers fiddles. Jud. says we can’t make that go. We will try it again.

Make it go better than before. Good Family Bravely Bravo Bravoremo. O! thats well Done.°*? Play the Soldiers Retreat if you please. Well done again. O Boys now stand up try another figure. I guess you will go it. Yes, yes, well, well, ha, ha! I know it is the same that you played before &c. To dinner.

Good Fruit. Going to take a walk on to the hill. Shall have a fine walk.

57The railroad cars.

*8The Hutchinsons appeared to have a policy of adjusting their ticket prices to the relative affluence of the audience. When in rural areas at this time, tickets would typically be half or less that charged in urban or well-to-do places like Ballston Spa.

‘John is likely speaking about a showy bit of instrumental playing the brothers had developed. The way all three of the brothers play on two instruments—the violin and violoncello—at the same time, is a caution to the fraternity of fiddlers. No 1 holds and fingers the violoncello, while No 2 bows it, No 2 also holding and fingering a violin for No 3 to bow. Give us a Yankee, yet! (Boston Evening Transcript, 20 Sept 1842) Along the same line, and even earlier: ’’ . . . the playing of the violins and violincello with the feet, is astonishing to all,’’ reported the Lynn Record for 26 January 1842.

‘Unidentified. Perhaps related somehow to either or both ‘‘Bonaparte’s Retreat’’ or ‘‘Soldier’s Joy,’’ popular traditional fiddle tunes of then and now. Could they have been combining two tunes as they were combining two instruments? 43

“A NOISE IN THE WORLD”’

There has been a miserant set of rowdies here [trying] to get a place to exibit. Some of them Dirty. Guess they will not

get a place. Hope not at least. Nothing more to write at this preasent. Had a fine walk this P.M. Never did I enjoy myself any better in the act of walking except that it was with that person, name

not to be mentioned on these Pages. But &c we all went on to high Eminence where we had a fine view of the Town of Ballston. Then we descended into the vally, through a fine Garden & still further into the vally following a stream of water, following this stream till we came to an arched bridge on which the carrs did pass. Making some observations concerning it we Passed under it. What if this bridge should come down upon us. O! What a risk. We passed still farther down this stream. We passed up into the vally to our boarding house.

A fine house kept by Mr. W[eltch]. He keeps a good house. Temperance houses shall be patronised by us AEolians. [by John]

% 6 o'clock. We shall sing in the dining room of Mr. W. Fine weather today. Some signs of rain. Think we shall [have] some

by the morrow &c. I have torn my pants badly. Abba is well taken care of. She has help when she calls for it by the maids of the tavern. I have enjoyed myself today very well, except when I have the gripes.*! Have some relacks.® Have eaten to much cucomber of late. I have often thought of home today. Our Parents &c. Hope to see them some time if not before.

God bless us all. May we meet at Our home some time. Weltch &C Innkeepers August 4th —_—___9N————

Nothing more to write to night

August 5th / 42 [by John] Well here we are at the town of Schenectady. Left the pleasant village of Ballston this morning at 10 o’clock after pay61Intestinal spasms. 62’’Relax’’ to the nineteenth century meant relief from constipation. 44

12 JULY - 3 DECEMBER 1842

ing our bill of labor &c, % [of the total cost?]® $7.43 Was on the road 4 hours. Found the road on this rout quite good except a few places where the water had washed away

the sand & left some rather bad holes. Crossed the River

Mowhawk on a raft. Toll .10

We shall not sing hear to night I guess. The Rainers sing hear tomorrow night in the same hall that we were agoing to sing in. They have got their Bills up for the night. Price for the hall $7.00 a night. R[ainer] F[amily] can rent quite [easi-

ly]. Should like to hear them sing but can’t stop. Shall pull up stakes and dig of[f] to some other town. O! Dear what will come next. Don’t know. This is a fine place. Should think that we might do well hear some time. Their Bills are large & attractive, the Rai[ners]. On the Bills it say Positive their Last appearance before leaving for England. Well well what do you

say. He’s an Arbatrary old Dear. Is $7.00 the lowest sir that he will take. Yes. I tell you what. Let’s go it & if we don’t make anything, I will go to him & say hear sir we have run ashore for money & sir you may take this watch for security. I should be willing to sell it for that sum. Will less P[ay?] it through. Judson & Asa have gone to see the owner of the Hall & see if he will not take less money &c. Hope we shall Make

out to stay hear to night. Abby is in her room asewing or reading. I am writing. What shall I say next. Should like to see my Unkle at Albany, N. Leavitt.** Hope to see him tomor-

row. Let’s have a cryer to cry up our concert. Well, we will. The weather is bad today. Foul & raging. Got some wet coming down from Ballston. Have had no dinner. Feel rather gaunt. Why don’t they come. I told them so I think they’ll come at last.

Nothing else to do &c. Pemburton House® Boston. Fuller I want to see you very much. Short due our expenses to night. 68The Hutchinsons begin now to make contracts with owners of performance

spaces. It looks here as though they had only to pay one-half their boarding bill in return for which Weltch probably took a percentage of the ticket

nk Leavitt (b. before 1774) was listed in the 1842 Albany Directory as

} 45

a barber and ‘‘corn-dresser.’’ He will be met with often on succeeding pages SA Hotel in Boston on Howard Street; the reference is otherwise obscure.

‘“‘A NOISE IN THE WORLD”’

Lord have mercy upon us. Help us in this our day of trouble. This world is all a fleeting show for Man’s elusion given &c.©

May our coming have come—

Oh dear! If we sing tonight at the Salloon we shall have to

ble.°7 ,

pay 7 dollars—I sigh for rest. Oh! Me. ,

Saturday Schenectady Aug 6th/42 Man that is born of woman is of few days and full of trou-

How many tryals we have to meet with in this wooden

world. I think it is good to learn to bear the yoke in our youth. I think we are remarkably patient to endur our tryals so well. Every day bring Something New. Have just washed and prepaired myself for Breakfast at Whitesides Tem[perance] House. Sung to an audience in Union Street, in Tamana Hall last night. Tickets given away 135. There were about 200 in and they were

pleased as they manifestedly cheering. Took up a contribution.®

Change taken in Specie ~ over 2.00

~ One Dollar bill may be counterfeit — 1.00

A Mr. S.S. Stevens is a gentleman. Keeps Book Store. After our Concert at the Hall Mr. S[tevens] with other Gentleman

Amateurs came to our room at the Temp[erance] House. Stevens wrote a letter as a recommend[ation] to a gentleman

in Albany. After which by great persuasion we three volunteered to serenade in the Streets to a few private houses. Lady of Beauty &c. 5.5. Stevens gave us, ‘’Dempsters blind boy,’” Woodman Spare that Tree as a Trio, and Sleep on®? — 66The reference here might be a combination of Watts’ ‘‘Psalm 90’’ mentioned earlier, and a popular image from seventeenth-century playwright Pedro Calderén de la Barca, then somewhat in vogue. His line went: ‘“What is life? A madness. What is life? An illusion, a shadow, a story. And the greatest good is little enough, for all life is a dream, and dreams themselves

are only dreams.’’ (Life is a Dream, Act II, line 1195) ,

67Job 14:1.

68sTammany Hall was at 20 Union Street, operated by J. Felthousen. The Hutchinsons had been encouraged to give a free concert to build up an audience, thinking that word-of-mouth publicity might provide them later with

larger, paying audiences. _ , _ 67These pieces of sheet music turned out to be useful gifts. Within a month

all three had been performed in public by the Hutchinsons. 46

12 JULY - 3 DECEMBER 1842

actually worth 1.25 They also made us a donation of 3.50 for Singing to a few of their Friends— If we ever found the true Spirit of Friendship, we found it

here. $.S. Stevens and his “’Class’’ are the true genuine gentlemen. Why should I be so suprised to see the liberality of that gentleman when he tells me that he is native of our own Native state, New Hampshire, citizen of our Granite Hills, Concord. Yes New Hampshire can boast of another true Gentleman that has settled in the State of New York — How pleasing to find friends in a strange land. Let us rejoice. The Rainers Sing here to night — They promise us a good house here — The Country is Safe but the Landlords bill is more than it ought to be. Why Should we mourn.” Better days near at hand. This is quite a city, Pop—7,000. Judson has gone up to see Friend 5.5. Stevens. I think we shall not have much rain today although it looks Hazy.

Bethlehem, N.Y. August 7th/1842

Cloudy. Appearance of rain. ,

Sabath M.

Fuller & Daws with a young Lady are in the chamber with us. We are in Bethlehem and what a villiage it is. As pleasant a place as ever I was in. The beautiful Land. The enterprising Farmers which are mostly Dutch. All tend to make a Visitor enjoy a ‘‘heaven below.”’ Yesterday we left Schenectady for this place by the way of

Gate 1242

Albany. Found a toll gate paid 12% Very good road part of the way. Another Toll

7Identified later here as a song by Bernard Covert. 47

‘“‘A NOISE IN THE WORLD”’ |

| Bethlehem August 7th/42 _ Sabath day noon Arived in Albany from Schenectady at about 142 O’Clock. En- -

quired for the Temperance House. Found it in Broadway.”!

Stopped, put up our horse, grain &c— 75

After being disappointed in not finding the Lessee—of the Female Academy Hall,72 I went to Walker & Co Salloon. Had quite a long talk with him. The terms of the hall—14 Dollars. Suffice it to say. We went into his Hall and sung a few pieces to a select number of musicians—Editors &c. Made a bargain with the man to sing 3 Evenings 9, 11, & 13 for one half of

Keeping. | oe | the Proceeds. He is to pay at Expense of printing and Furnishing Hall &c. And we pay our own board and Horse

Saw Nathaniel Leavitts boys. They had the honor of shaving us with out knowing who - or from where we were. Fine

Gentle Shaves.” |

_ A Splendid Hall The Knickerbacker! oe Took some lemonade at the salloon.

of its features. |

An 1842 advertisement for the Knickerbacker Hall gives us a sense

It is provided with an elevated stage; one of the very best Pianos in the country [a Meacham], and can seat upwards of ”1This was the house run by George T. Hill at the corner of Broadway and Steuben. It had recently been renamed the Delavan House in honor of Edward C. Delavan (1793-1871), Secretary of the New York State Temperance Society. Delavan retired at thirty-four with a fortune made in hardware and spent the rest of his life passionately and energetically championing the |

temperance cause, perhaps as a form of penance for once having been a | wine merchant. The original Delavan House patronized by the Hutchin- : sons was torn down in 1844 and replaced with a grand, first-class temperance

hotel of the same name.

72The Albany Female Academy, established in 1814, was one of the leading

institutions for the education of young women in the country. ,

| «48 ,

73 Andrew Jackson Leavitt continued to run a barbershop in Albany for some

years after. Since the evidence of these journals suggests Andrew was the only son of Nathaniel, Asa must have mistakenly assumed that other barbers

in the shop were also his cousins. oe

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pee ee pe ae oo fear emis * mp ERA 8 ie ae ee ee . FS es

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le ie eee ate SALOON $ a oe

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7 Ser OP Wee Peas ae Pei B thet ba eer a7 eRe rt an tae re Kn i ee ney oes ¥ oe Be Pi y et ted Pes : ~ = - SRE | aoe |

ee ee ee ae oe SN eel Pag) ate eo aera ret chs ee eee De 5 S ee : - ie hfe doje . 7 “ . . “ me = ‘ ie i eed : a : a = blag e oo; Be ee a o. : ; ; : Dals REES “ : = Saree a! os ue € ieee enaes ares a a yee 2 Lwo fob oR. =:bibead henfende io ie oo ees hePe ares peees |-ooeLoe aoe ae Bneet ——f eed Bea go ii co og i gerne. . ey Cos i, a Le : BEois JRE ARG8baa - wet ERe Stet PE ILE eee Sige as eS ae on neaeeeneineatn : oe oe

eet : ce .. : it m - yee . &. . i . : "dl *s ob es oy ot " _ . fe “es o . . : . 2 : aE | | | | : : :

|e

PES urge and splendid Ball | ee Es Pastry, Cakes, &« oo

Bria Hal riare and Walker’s Ice C

842Courtesy , American Anti r acker 184, ! Saloon and Knickerb : quarian Society

-

“A NOISE IN THE WORLD”’

three hundred and fifty persons. The room is painted in the | Eastern style by one of the most celebrated Italian artists; is lighted by two magnificent glass Chandeliers, together with

, four large branch Lamps; is cool; situated in the business part of the city; easy of access, and pronounced by RUSSELL and others to be the best room in the city for Vocal or Instrumental Music.

The Hall, at 13 Broadway, was owned and operated by Messrs. A. Walker and B. Briare. Immediately adjacent was their saloon, which specialized in lemonades, soda waters, and especially ice creams, something like a nineteenth-century soda fountain. For Independence Day celebrations in 1842, Briare and Walker published their menu, filled with treats to cool a mid-summer’s holiday. In order to prove there could have been worse times, places, and ways

to celebrate the Fourth of July, the | | BILL OF FARE ICE CREAMS PASTRY >

Lemon Cream _ Gooseberry Tarts

Vanilla " Cream ". Strawberry ” Peach Pine Apple ” Apple ” Rose . Cranberry . Strawberry” , ICES, &C. CAKES Orange Ice Lafayette Cake |

Lemon ” sponge . Strawberry Ice , Pound .

Pine Apple ’ Almond Sponge Cake | Peach ” Almond Cake | Roman Punch Fruit . oe

Strawberries and

,

Cream Cocoanut Drops | FreshPickled Oysters Almond . ” | Maccaronis Charlott Ruse Kisses

Blomonge _ Assorted Wines

Fruit Jellies ~ Lemonade Calf Foot Jellies &e &c &e | Benjamin Briare, to be met with later here in the line of his 50

12 JULY - 3 DECEMBER 1842

longtime friendship with the Hutchinsons, operated his business for years in Albany, at several different addresses.

Saw White the printer, and another Editor. Some Splendid Mansions in Albany. Business—Business—Business in Albany. Bethlehem Aug 7th/42

Did not our hearts hum with in us when we had gone 10 or 12 miles from Albany in search of Fuller of B{ethlehem]. What a scene starting from Albany at 642 P.M. Taking the [w]rong road, [we] went on till we came to a toll gate where

we paid a York Shilling — 12%

Continued our journey untill we reached or came in contact with another bothering Toll Gate where thinking we had paid enough for once, we enquired the way to Fullers district and ascertained by 2 Boys that we were wrong. Turned about.

Went a mile back. Turned to the left. Took directions to turn | to the left, down hill, over a bridge & then to the left, then direct to the right. Oh, what botheration. No two men would tell us alike in regard to the distance. One man said it was 3 miles to the place. We went on about a mile and the next man told us it was about five miles. And so we had it. Darkness

came on. We in a Strange Land without any guide. The principle business for Judson was to Stop at every house

and enquire if they the residents could direct us to the place

where Fuller Lived. ,

The Neighbours for 2 miles within this place were continuously disturbed by our Sympathy we apeared to have and anxiety to reach some place where peradventure Fuller might be. Every neighbour disturbed by a Rap at his doors, and a re-

quest of knowing the way to the seat of reffuge. Oh! What a time. More like the Snow Storm scenes,” than any thing else. Up and down hill, over bridges, through Swamps, now 74Reference to the song by Lyman Heath featured in many of the Hutchin-

sons’ concerts. In the piece, detailed later here, a traveler gets lost. 51

‘“‘A NOISE IN THE WORLD’”’

a root to Stumble over, again a mud hole, Ocasionaly a plain,

these apreciated. |

Arrived at this house (in which I now sit while it rains in torrents on this sublime Bethlehem) at 11 #2 O’Clock P.M. John

clambered over the fence in front of the House for He could not find any other way of entrance, and one mind as we hoped for the Last time for Fuller. Found Him. He was soon out with His Landlord. And in half an hour we were in the house. Our horses in the Barn all happy. Especially the Horses. We partook of an excelent supper at 12 O’Clock and at 12 3/4 retired

to rest. All at present well. | Sabath day. August 7/42 All well. — [by John] This is the day the Lord has made. He calls the hours his own. Let heaven rejoice, let Earth be glad & Praise surround his throne.” O! Dear. Well I have been a smoking so much

that I have made myself dizzy and sick. Perhaps it is surprising to modern readers to find apostles of reform puffing away on tobacco. Yet the evidence of these journals

suggests all the Hutchinson men were sometime pipe smokers.

Tobacco use during the period was extensive:

Its deluded victims are counted by tens of millions and its disgusting plague spot is seen in every hamlet and in almost

every habitation on the face of the earth. |

In all nations and among all classes, this nauseous weed has become the fashionable luxury of life; and notwithstanding its well known poisonous nature, it is more eagerly sought, and

freely used, than any other inebriating or narcotic drug. Of the several ways of taking tobacco—snuffing, chewing, smoking ‘‘segars,’’ or puffing on a pipe—the latter, preferred by the Hut- , chinsons, was considered the least deleterious, to say nothing of

most becoming. |

The reform movements of the 1830s had included an anti-tobacco crusade, but with more noise than size: it remained a minor move-

- ment, one whose argument swayed the Hutchinsons in the abstract, | but not in fact. Hence, there was a certain mild hypocrisy in their

Isaac Watts’ version of Psalm 118, verse 24. , |

| 52

12 JULY - 3 DECEMBER 1842

inclusion of the following text in the Granite Songster (Boston: A.B. Hutchinson, 1847). TOBACCO

Some years have passed since I, indeed, Have neither smoked nor chewed this weed; My snuff I also threw away, And have not used it since that day. My health improved, my mental power Began to gain that very hour; Glad friends no longer dreaded death, By exhalations of my breath. No person since, has thought the tomb Would give to me untimely room, And others, whom I’ve ceased to choke With much saliva, dust and smoke. Will you who smoke, or chew, or snuff This weed, confess you’ve used enough? Then make right effort to abstain, And soon an easy conquest gain. [by John]

We are hear at the House of Mr. Samuel Vanallen & a fine Man is he. He has a wife & 3 children. A fine family are they. This morning we took a walk into the fields, a[nd] viewed the Beauties of Nature. A Splendid farm has he, consisting of 100 acres of Land, the soil of which is very fertile & rich &c. Mr. Fuller & Daws are also at this house. They appear to enjoy themselves very much. We came hear last night quite late. Found Mr. Fuller after a long enquiry at his residence. He was abed & asleep. I went to the door and enquired after rapping

some time if Mr. Fuller resided there. He said after a short hesitation that he did. I asked if he was to be sure. He said

he could be. So he maid way to his chamber and found Fuller, & aroused him. Maid known his caller, he came to the door, shook hands &c. Asa says that he feels just as he did last Winter—sick. O Dear.

Well hear we are. Lord have Mercy upon us. Nothing more write at the Moment. 53

| “A NOISE IN THE WORLD”’’

Don’t scold at Me for I don’t know what I am about. Let

me alone. I see [???] |

, Aug 7 1842 [by Fuller] Last night as I lay dreaming in bed, I was awakened by some indefinable noise, which I took to be, in my drowsy state, an alarm of fire—for I was then awakened a short time ago. But

on getting up I was agreeably surprised to find the sound pro- | duced by one of the AEolian Vocalists—Br. John—not by the sweet music of his voice, but by the very unpracticed thump-

ing of his fist. My friends had started from Albany in search , of me—& after trying (not to their satisfaction) the various roads & byways of the good town Beth[lehem] they came to the most comfortable conclusion to stop right opposite the — house in which the writer chanced to lodge. The results of all which has been a very happy meeting & a pleasant sabbath. Abby says ‘When shall we meet again’’? I wish I could answer ‘‘every day in the year.’’ But ““Angel’s Visit’’ are not _ so often, and perhaps it is well, for if they were, we should

tire even of them. oe Oo I am thinking that if it had been as pleasant a day out as _ within doors, we should have enjoyed an agreeable ride over the Hills we see from the windows, and as we should have

had a very extensive prospect from those same hills of Albany , and the adjacent country for many miles around. A rich coun-

try it is too! Don’t forget my friend, that F[uller] lives on the | Plains of Jericho, vulgarly called ‘‘Jerico Flats.’’ And it is not

a very wicked place, that you have seen. Ss |

Aug 7, 1842 — Jerico — [by Fuller] | There has been a drizzling rain all day which has prevented

our taking the outdoor exercise so congenial to health. The consequence is some are complaining of uncomfortable feelings in the region of the digestive organs. Too much mental

excitement joined with little physical exercise almost always. | results in the derangement of the digestive organization, producing stagnation in the circulation and consequent debility throughout the whole system. Be careful then, good friends

54 ,

and do not Tresspass against Physical Laws! | |

12 JULY - 3 DECEMBER 1842

We have just sung one of those sweet tunes we used to sing at Uncle” Jesse’s. How near it brings me to the scenes of my native home and the Friends left there ‘‘Long time ago.”’ If

any of them chance to read these lines, may they kindly remember me, who was once largely a partaker of the enjoy-

ments of their happy circle, if not a contributor to those enjoyments. Albany Aug 9th 1842 Tuesday — [by Judson] All about, but Half sick. Came from Jerico yesterday, leaving Fuller rather sober at our departure. Found an awful mud-

dy road, paid 25 cts toll. Came to Mr. Hills Temperance house.”” Engaged for a weeks board for twenty five dollars and horsekeeping at the Livery Stable for 3% dollars apiece. Took dinner at 2 o’clock. Started for Troy. Went on the boat. Had a pleasant time except Aby was most sick with the Head ache. Went to Troy, paid fare 50 cts. Engaged the Morris Place Hall of Mr. Rand” for 5 dollars per evening for Wednesday and Friday. Saw the printers and they said they would do the thing up right for us. Began to rain. Rained an hour like sluice and then slacked off. We started for the boat. Waited a few minutes and she shoved off. Aby no better, sick headache. We rode in the cabin part of the way, singing as we went. Paid our fare again .50 cts. Besides, Asa got a set of type for printing cards, marking cloths &c which cost .50 cts. more. We at length arrived at the wharf and it rained in torrents. We had no Brola and knew not what to do. I finally started off to get our carriage about 2 mile [away], but did not arrive untill I had got awfully drenched. Waited about half an hour after ordering the team. Could get no one to go, and I started myself. Made out to find the wharf, and the boat, but what was my grief when I learned that the boys nor Aby were not aboard. I waited some time and hopelessly returned back to 76Fuller was not related to the Hutchinsons, but like other residents of Milford he used this title of endearment and respect when referring to Jesse, or. 77The Delavan House. 78Gardner W. Rand, whose hall at Third and Congress enjoyed a long life, with renovations in 1872 and 1888. 35

“A NOISE IN THE WORLD”

the tavern not knowing what had become of the crew. I finally persuaded one of the servants of the house to go back with

the carriage while I, drenched with rain, tried to compose myself. I waited half an hour and behold he came up and landed them safe and sound. But Aby was worse and seemed very

feverish. I therefore sent to Dr. Thomsons and bot some

powders and Hot drops. Gave the fellow 25 cts and received no change. I gave her a dose and it rather relieved her. But she had a restless night and almost unable to get up and dress herself. But she finally succeeded and after breakfast she felt

better and as I was writing this page of our exploits, N.

Leavitt’s wife came in and wished to see her. And after she had, she insisted to have her go to her house, and she has gone. Our engagements here are at the Knickerbacker Hall for 3 nights to Briar and Walker for one half the proceeds. He pays the hall and lights, sees to the business being done up and pays the printing and we pay our own board and horses. Now don’t you think we are bad boys. John looks as though he was in consumption. Asa says he never felt so in his life. We have not got broke in to the City life yet. But I guess we shall after we have sung here a few times. Unkle N’s family

all well. | |

| Albany Aug 9th 1842 Two children, daughters of Unkle Nathaniel Leavitt have

just left here. They are fine young maidens. Their names—The oldest Sarah, the next Hannah Ann—17 [and] 14 [years]. Oh that Sarah if she is not a fine sprightly

young maiden—They are Leavitts truly. |

There is another younger sister & a Brother who is the oldest.

J’s”? married and but 20 years old.

| August 9 [10]/42 — [by John]

O Dear our time is a stream. Our life is a dream, flies swiftly away. With out a moments stay.8° Sick to day & well tomor-

56 | |

row. Abba is not well just now. She is better than she was

>The barber, A.J. Leavitt. ,

89One of the Common Meter versions of Psalm 90 by Isaac Watts reads:

12 JULY - 3 DECEMBER 1842

yesterday. Quite sick today. I am not well myself. We have found friends hear in Albany. Found Unkle N Leavitt on Broadway. He has some very nice young girls, ages, 12, 14, 17. The older is the prettiest, fine young Dame. Well &c. Abba wants me to go down to the Kitchen and ask if her clothes are done so she can have them. No they are not done now but you shall have them soon. Monday we, J A J A, as one all went over to Troy to engage there for 2 Eve this week. Maid arrangements for 2 nights at Morris Place at $5.00 a night

for the use of the Hall, a fine place to sing in it is. Sung last night at Knickerbacker Hall. This hall is situated in Broadway about % of a mile from Mr. Nathaniel Leavitt, an Unkle of mine, and a fine man is he. This hall is not so good a hall as I have sung in. It is so nigh the street that we are disturbed very badly in our exercises by the noise of the docks &c. But we maid out to go through with our concert. After singing 5 Pieces we went out to get some refreshments &c. Staid out about 10 minutes. Got some water and went back and at it. After we had got through we repaired to a Private room where had a fine treat of Ice cream in company with our friends Leavitts, & we had a fine time. Staid there about 12 of an hour then retired to our respective places of abode. The rain fell in torrents. The lightning flashed and the thunder rattled. But we were sheltered from the storm or tempest by the shades that hung along the street, also the umbrellas that we succeeded in borrowing of the gentleman that was at the hall. Got home without getting wet much. Good nights Unkle Nat. L. &c. Shall see them today. Judson went to Troy yesterday to carry some bills of our concert at that place. Started at % 4 o’clock, got back at 7. Sister Abigail is better today than she was yesterday but she is not quite well yet. Took twelve dollars

last night of which we had a share of 42, six Doll — $6.

Time, like an ever-rolling stream, Bears all its sons away; They fly forgotten as a dream Dies at the opening day. 57

‘“‘A NOISE IN THE WORLD”’’

, —Albany Evening Journal, 10 August 1842 The Native Minstrels. The Concert by the Hutchinson Family at Knickerbacker Hall last evening was highly gratifying to the _ lovers of music and to all those who desire to cherish native

talent.

It was a severe trial to these young musicians to be brought

so closely in contact with the great talents and established reputation of the Rainer family. Notwithstanding this, they proved to the satisfaction of all present that they have within __ _ them powers capable of winning a reputation for themselves.— We cordially recommend them to the patronage of the citizens of Albany, and hope to see on their two succeeding nights an

overflowing audience to cheer and inspire them. This reviewer was probably circumspectly avoiding a report on the size of the house. Tickets for this concert were advertised at 50 cents per person, or a couple admitted for 75 cents. Given a gate of twelve dollars, the paying audience could have numbered at most = thirty-two, though likely it was enlarged somewhat by complimen-

tary ticket holders. OO

Attendance at a concert depends in large part on name recognition and advertising, but there are other considerations—such as the

price of tickets. The Rainers could get an audience even with tickets , at fifty cents, but the unknown Hutchinson Family could not, in _ Spite of what they wanted to believe. Surely the poor response to their first concert in Albany was a factor in the decision to lower ticket prices by half for the next concert. Then there is timing: the Evening Journal advised later (still apologetically?) they would get a full audience “‘should they visit us at the concert season.’’ Then as now, the season for concerts and the theater was late Fall through

Spring. By appearing in August, the Hutchinsons could not have picked a tougher time to make their mark. [by John}

Don’t know as I have much more to write. But this I will

say that we are all well. Today we go to Troy to give a con- | cert. We shall go over with our own Private conveyance. Come

back the same night. Sister how do you feel now since breakfast. Don’t you feel any better. I hope you will get well 58

12 JULY - 3 DECEMBER 1842

soon, don’t you. Our expences are $8.00 Dollars a day while

we stay here with out much in our pockets. John W. Good by Friends one and all. Albany Aug 10th 1842 Wednesday Sung last night at Knickerbacker Saloon. Took 12 - . We took

half of the proceeds—Very Fashionable audience. 6.00 Frail—Frail—

[by Judson|

Aug. 10. John, A. & myself went down to Unkle N.K. Leavitt’s. He shaved us all and then went on to tell many of his exploits in this wooden world, and the way he has picked through it is no ways tender. We had a glorious time. Feel first rate today. Aby says she is better. Went to his house. After, Aby kissed the daughters, and [we] came up to the tavern and here I am. Away dull ease and perplexity. Where go it. [by Judson]

Aug 11 [12] Albany Friday. Poor as the devil. Growing no richer very fast. Become acquainted with Mr. Houghton.®! Not

to be sneezed at, at all times. Had the horrors all day yesterday untill I started to go up to Troy when on getting aboard of the boat, My heavens, who should I see other but B.H. Brown, B. Burchstead®? and two others of their associates. Never was I more surprised and never more enraptured to see friends in my life. Mr. Brown began to talk and the /////s soon left. We went to Troy. Waited till 6 o’C[lock] and he came

down to Albany with me. Went into our concert and after we

got through we came up to the tavern. Had some refreshments, waited and talked till 12 o’C[lock]. Started on a Serenade. Came home about 3 in the morning. Took some 81As we learn later, William H. Houghton was a singer and bookbinder. 82Benjamin H. Brown and Benjamin Burchsted were both shipbuilders from Boston. Burchsted was in business with a David Leavitt, perhaps a distant relative of the Hutchinsons. 59

‘‘A NOISE IN THE WORLD’’ , cold. Mr. B. got up and started for Troy early in the Morning

to join his friends on to Saratoga. Very warm weather.

August 13th [by John] Saturday Morning. Just been counting our money. Find that we have on hand $33. Just enough to settle our boarding bill & horse keeping. I am most sick to day. Have the headache,

feels bad in my lungs. Sung to much the other night. Gave a concert last night at the Morris Place Hall in the City of Troy.

Went over there with our carriage. Accompanied with our cosin A.J. Leavitt, a fine young man is he. Went over the ferry

boat. Got Pay of the Proprietors of the ferry compens[at]ing for the damage done to our carridge the night before. We put up at the Temperance House. Staid there untill about %2 past 7 then Andrew [Leavitt] and myself went up to the hall to reg- | _ gulate things. We found the Hall lit up or partly so. Went up stairs. Found some strangers there. I steped up to one of them

| & says I, we shall want a light at heads of the stairs. What , you say sir. I say that there ought to be a light near the stairs,

so that the People can see their way up into the Hall. What People. The concert People. There is no concert hear tonight. And you [are] mistaken sir. No sir, we have the hall to drill _ in to night. What sir. I have the use of this hall myself. Well, well, I must see to this business. Where is Mr. Rann.*? Down in the store. Mr. Rand, what does this mean. Why I though you would not come so I told the Soldiary that they might have their youse of it to night. That’s fine. We have come & | want the hall. Let us. Had to go and light the hall ourselves.

Well we gave a concert there and took 8.00 _ — Albany August 13th — [by John]

~ Money spent in Albany for Abb. shoes &c 1.50. In the youse of the hall at Troy &c&c&c _ 4.00

| Albany August 14th/42 _ | : | Sabath Morning just been to breakfast. | | The Church bells are ringing and we are pretty well and have

83Gardner Rand. | 60

12 JULY - 3 DECEMBER 1842

Have our 3d Concert at Knickerbacker Hall Last (Sat) Eve. The most refined and respected were in attendance, about 100. Satisfaction was given as they Showed by their applauding.

Well this week we spend only twenty five dolls. Think ye that N.K. Leavitt is to start with us next week and do our business.*4 Well so he talked yesterday and I think

that he will go with us. Yes I do. He is the man. He shaved us yesterday and has told us some very interesting tales. Is not Sarah a fine girl—

Albany August 14th Sabath morn. Yesterday P.M. Fuller & Daws were here and took tea with us. Mr. Benjamin H. Brown of Boston was here in the P.M. also. He had been on to the Spring and was returning home. He is a first rate man. Noble, generous—Free and a Freeman.

Brown is a man: Is always ready to assist any friends when in want. He was in to our Concert on Thursday Evening and that gave me Zeal & Courage to go on for he looked spirited and seemed to enjoy the Music. Don’t violate your Pledge.® The days of Tryals are dawning. Go to Schenectady tomorrow. Friend S.S. Stevens a friend in need. How do you Supose we feel. Money all Spent and we— Poor begars. The fact is—Keep up good Carriage, eat now and then an Ice Cream at Bryars & Walkers Saloon and Wisdom will increase and knowledge be spread abroad. Sunday Night, Aug 14 10% o’Clock — [by Judson] Unkle N.K. Leavitts family and the Hutchinson Family went

up to the National Gardens. Had a splendid time. Beautiful place. Proposed singing which we did. Sung revival hymns, Pilgrim &c, which soon attracted a large audience. And they were perfectly willing to stand and here us sing and not only 84Become manager and agent. 85Temperance pledge. 61

“A NOISE IN THE WORLD”’ , so, but whispered among themselves, oh what beautiful

music. We were then invited to the stalls to partake of Ice Cream &c, which we did. They were lunchions. After which we went on to the amphitheatre and sung some more, which drew as before a large crowd. But we soon made our way to

the tavern. Repaired to the sitting room. Began to sing which , | soon filled the room with respectable gentleman. Gave them quite a concert and they were highly gratified. The Laboratory National Gardens was one of the popular, private ‘‘pleasure gardens’’ often found near large American cities in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The concept was first

brought over from England, where it had been a tradition since the _ seventeenth century. For the price of admission one could enjoy | manicured grounds, eat, drink, converse, flirt, and listen to music

_ surroundings. 7 |

(in this case by the Hutchinson Family Singers), all in pleasant |

Of the pieces sung here, ‘‘Pilgrim’’ probably refers to the fourpart hymn ‘‘Pilgrim’s Invitation,’’ as arranged by George Kingsley in his Social Choir. ‘‘Revival hymns” is more ambiguous, but clues are provided by publications the Hutchinsons might have known. A collection with the title Revival Hymns, put together by H.W. Day,

was in fact in print at this very time, advertised widely in New Hampshire newspapers, and might well be the specific reference. _ There was also a volume called Revival Melodies, dedicated to | evangelist Jacob Knapp, and advertised in Albany newspapers during the summer of 1842. The pieces in both are tuneful, spirited in rhythm, and often employ a three-part homophonic texture, much _ like glees on sacred topics. Found in these hymnbooks are suchim- _

portant composers of the style as Lowell Mason (‘Missionary Hymn,’’ widely known as ‘’From Greenland’s Icy Mountain’’) and

Thomas Hastings (‘‘Toplady,’’ or ‘Rock of Ages’’’). oe

re [by Judsonl

, 62 |

John, Asa & Aby are now in bed and I am siting here writing with my cloths all off. Very warm. Went in to church this P.M.

at the Reformed Dutch Church. We have now come to this. |

_ We have been singing 5 weeks and our money is reduced to

I2 JULY - 3 DECEMBER 1842

nothing. We have not enough to pay our bills. Judge how I feel yee who read this. 200 miles from home. No money but .42 cts. Expenses 5 dollars a day. Oh I cannot write any more. I will go to bed. Try to sleep off the blues and trust to Providence for the future. There, I’m up and Aby too.

Albany August 15th/42

N.K. Leavitt Cr[edit].

By cash twelve dolls. 12.00

Cash to Balline 12.00 Paid®®

Monday morning. A delightful morning. Packing up the articles to take a Tramp

to Schenectady.

Paid for printing bills 4.50 Money Makes the Mare Go

Paid for Horse Keeping 7.00 “ "1 Weeks Board at the Dalvan House Temperance 25.00

"For Greasing Carriage 29 " "Tolls from Albany to Schenectady 29 ” Lunchion at the tavern 50

" Horse Shoeing .68

Schenectady NY Aug 16th/42 Are all well. Sung last night in Given’s Saloon®’ to a very Fashionable Audience— N.K. Leavitt stood at the Door and then I felt as though the people would not go in unless they paid their fee. Our expences are very great but never mind that. If we draw good houses we can Pay our expences and a little More. Our Agent N.K. Leavitt is a man that does not stand in fear of Man—a Phylanthropist. We have not writen home yet. But think we shall before many weeks. s6Written across entry in manuscript; obviously added later. 87Resolve Givens built his hotel in 1825. He exerted considerable force in his day to influence the courses of the Erie Canal and, later, the railroad through Troy, both so that they might take advantage of his establishment’s proximity. 63

‘A NOISE IN THE WORLD”’’

Art is Long and time is fleeting. And our hearts like muffled

drums are beating Funeral Marches to the Grave.*

Tomorrow we Sing at Balston Spa. |

Abigail just asked me what the Chief Topic of Conversation ©

Family Hutchinsons.

was in Albany. I don’t know unless it is about the Yankey Schenectady NY Aug 17th 1842 Wednesday morning

All well. Appearance of Rain. |

Last Evening Sung at Given’s Saloon to the most refined Circle—To 3 Seminarians & all the principle Amateurs of Schenectady. A Rev. gentleman from New York City: James

B. Hardenburgh. — oe

_ After the Concert this gentleman came to us as we were in the dining Room Eating some refreshment. He complimented us very highly and gave us a very exelent advice. After we had eat we retired to our Chamber but soon were called out By a Friend of Stevens and of ours also, with an

invitation to go up Street with them and take Some Soda Water. We went in company of Stevens and his Clan and took

| some mead®? and Ice Creams and had a very good visit. Re- | turned at 11% o’Clock, and went to our lodgings and Slept quietly. This morning we go to Balston Spa. The Colonel goes

over in the Carrs. |

88Stanza four of Longfellow’s ‘A Psalm of Life’’ (1839): ,

Art is long, and Time is fleeting, | oo _ And our hearts, though stout and brave, Still, like muffled drums, are beating Funeral marches to the grave. _

, 6°Technically, mead is a fermented, alcoholic beverage of honey and water that was particularly popular in Old England. This definition was still current in the 1840s, if not the drink. That the Hutchinsons were drinking ‘‘mead’’ meant: a) the temperance pledges they signed allowed non-distilled

alcoholic drinks (as some did, but more commonly in the mid-1830s); b) _ they were breaking their pledges knowingly; c) they did not know what _ they were drinking; or d) this was a non-alcoholic version of the old drink. Of the latter possibility, a mixture of sarsaparilla, sugar, and water was sometimes called ‘‘sarsaparilla mead,’’ or ‘‘mead’’ for short; presumably

it was non-alcoholic since it was promoted in newspapers supporting

temperance. /

64

12 JULY - 3 DECEMBER 1842

Albany Aug 23d 1842 Very fine morning. Just been to Breakfast Oh The transactions of the past week— Wednesday August 17th—We went to Balston expecting to find a grand Temperance Rally. Found it as dead as Chelsea. Animal Magnatism” all the go up at the Court Houses. Sung

to a very Small Audience but of a refined character. One of the Clergy was in to our Concert and we had a great talk with him. Paid over our proceeds to the Landlord—12 Shillings — 1.50

Expenses accruing of Col Leavitt — 3.75 Thursday Morning Aug 18th we started for Albany and papered*! through Schenectady. Over the ferry down the

6 [cts. | Role)

Turnpike. Paid for Tolls 34 cts; oats—15 [cts.]; 1 Qts. Berries

Arrived in Albany at 242 O’Clock, P.M.

Writen in At Albany, August 23 Transactions Aug - 18th Sung at Knickerbacker Hall to a House and seats and few respectable dignities. N.B. By the way it was a benifit concert of Mr. Bernard Covert, a Musician from Franklin, NY. Mr. Wm. H. Houghton contributed a Song, The Gamblers Wife—Russel. He is a pupil of Russell. The Gamblers Wife sung very well. 2 or 3 Lemons were devoured by Wm. H. Houghton. Mr. Covert sung some of his Songs very well: Best, ‘“Why Should we Mourn.’’ Magnetism (or today, hypnotism) had a strong grip on the popular, scientific, and religious imaginations of the nineteenth century. The public, as now, was primarily interested in the feats and actions of magnetized persons. Scientists, meanwhile, were experimenting with some possible medical

benefits: perhaps it might prove an effective anaesthetic, for example. Others, who brought their religious backgrounds into the laboratory, believed ‘‘laying on of hands’’ could cure certain diseases if the person had been properly ‘‘magnetized’’ beforehand. 71Put up advertising posters. 65

‘“‘A NOISE IN THE WORLD”’

Nothing to fear, Therefore I say unto you, Fear not little flock

- Thy Shepherd will make thee to go through greater dificulties | than any yet experienced - and that Unharmed.” —

found due us 7.00

Mr Covert took about $25.00 — Expenses having been paid

After the Concert, Wm. H. Houghton was among the miss-

ing, having hid himself up in the Ice Cream Salloon. He pro- | -bably heard our remarks made of him and the next day he was Off in search of a place to work at his trade—Book Binding.

, This ‘‘benefit’’ was typical of the genre in that it billed several featured performers, demanded a higher-priced ticket (50 cents, or -_acouple for 75 cents), and was grander than the usual musical affair. Part of its special attraction was a concentration on the songs of Henry Russell, with both Houghton and the Hutchinsons singing some older songs and Covert contributing several of Russell’s

‘new songs.”’ | | an Bernard Covert (c.1805-c.1881), a resident of Brooklyn, was a

singer/composer then in Albany giving solo concerts of temperance music, his specialty. He also performed widely, and with much acclaim, as a ‘‘temperance duo”’ in concert with Ossian Dodge. As a composer his best-known pieces were ‘“The Sword of Bunker Hill’’

and especially the fine ‘‘Jamie’s on the Stormy Sea.”’ He, with the Hutchinsons, Lyman Heath, John C. Baker, among others, exemplified the continuation of a tradition that began in the eighteenth century of literate and crafted, but rural, essentially amateur, New England composers, who together gave the country some of its best

music. ee |

Whether Mr. Houghton proved a success as a bookbinder or not we shall perhaps never know. Asa was correct in his judgment that

he would not turn out to be a singer of national importance.

| Written at Albany, Aug 23d/42 Proceedings on Friday Aug 19th. We stoped at N.K. Leavitts

where we have been ever since. |

Sung Friday Evening at the Knickerbacker Hall to the same

9A broad reference to Psalm 23. , — 66

12 JULY - 3 DECEMBER 1842

revenue Cutter— 6.00

Number as the night previous. Took for the one great Surplus

The Microscope for 20 August 1842 wrote of the concert using terms

that would ring through reviews of the Hutchinson Family for many years.

(Their) tickets were put at 25 cents—half the price of the Rainers [who appeared the previous week]; and although their music, vocal and instrumental, was as good and as well performed as the Rainers, and drew from those present the most enthusiastic applause, the audiences were quite slim. Why was this? Simply because they were American citizens. Their ability was nothing—their unrivalled skill and thorough knowledge of the science of music was nothing—though they had studied and labored for years to fit them for the station in life they had chosen to fill, it was nothing, absolutely nothing, to that one great requirement—’‘they must be foreigners.’’ The same ques-

tion that is asked by the advocates of a protective tariff from the farmer, the mechanic, and the laborer, may be asked in reference to every profession in the land: ‘How can they com-

pete with Europeans?”’ In the case of the musician or the painter, competition is out of the question, while the purse strings of our citzens are drawn tight when they appear before

them; and loosened to the first adventurer that may chance _ to appear labelled per formula, ‘‘From London Concert Rooms,”’

or any other equally absurd introduction. . . . Possibly their slim luck, the last time they were here, was occasioned by the title of the family—The ‘’American AEolian Vocalists.’’ We hope

those who object to it, will read it hereafter - The ‘‘English AEolian Vocalists,’’ and patronize them. The Hutchinsons’ advertising with its explicit reference to nationality and implicit challenge to preferences for foreign entertain-

ment, in some part precipitated the approach taken by the Microscope. Yet not alone. Reviewers harped on the topic too much for ‘‘American-ness’’ not to be an accurate reflection of audiences’ perceptions. In this the Hutchinsons were taking a new tack to the affections (and purses) of American audiences. Certainly there had

been uniquely ‘‘American’’ musical entertainments before—the negro impersonations by T.D. Rice and George Washington Dixon 67

““A NOISE IN THE WORLD”’

come to mind—but no one had tried to be respectable and American, and still manage to convince people to part with the price of a ticket. The Microscope might also be suggesting a reason the time was ripe for such an appeal. Americans had been debating for years pro-

tection of trade: Should a tariff be raised to protect American manufactures or should “‘free-trade’’ prevail, supposedly benefiting the poor with more competitive prices? This great national dialogue on trade contained undercurrents that questioned the meanings and importance of national identity. Fifteen years before, the Hutchinsons’ insistence on being billed as singers from New Hampshire would not have been an issue. In 1842 it symbolized for some Americans

the main issue of national policy.

Rather Dull times to make money. Hot—Excessively hot it

was on Friday. Went through the programme. Went home and soon returned to Keeping Apartments. Saturday Aug 20th/42 N.K. Leavitt went over to Troy and put up our bills and distributed the small programs. We stoped at the American Hotel. Sung at Morris Place Hall. Paid for the Hall—$5.00

Got Eleven 75 Cts.— But the Friends, the good friends, I hope to meet them again.

Friends—Andrews, Stow &c— | The Grave of Bonapart Enchored.

Albany August 22d 1842

Monday Evening 8% o’Clock |

Sung at the Knickerbacker Hall—to about 350 people. Gave a concert of Sacred Music.”

, After the Concert we by Special invite by 3 Gentleman of , Albany gave a Serenade to the principle Editors” in the City.

They made us a present of | , 6.00

Instead of a concert of glees and songs, this one included only a few secular, “‘moralistic’’ songs, with several religious quartets (e.g., ‘“Holy is the Lord God of Sabbaoth,”’ ‘’Great is the Lord,’’ ‘“The Hour of Prayer,’’ and “‘I

Would Not Live Alway’’). , , %Of the newspapers.

68

12 JULY - 3 DECEMBER 1842

Returned to rest about 2 o’Clock morning. Did not one of the Gentleman play a flute delightfully The Snow-Storm” In the Month of December of 1821 a Mr. Blake with his wife

and an infant was passing over the Green Mountains, near the town of Arlington, Vermont. The drifting Snow made it impossible for the horse to proceed. Mr. Blake set off on foot in search of assistance and perished in the Storm before he could reach any human dwelling. The mother, alarmed, as is supposed at his long absence, went in quest of him. With her infant in her arms, She was found in the Morning, dead a Short distance from the Sleigh. The Child was lying on her Bosom, carefully wrapped in her cloak, and was Still alive.

Albany Aug 28th What have we done since Aug 22d/42 I will try and recalect

Aug 23d Tuesday with B. Breiyer. Took for the concert of Sacred Music atSettled Knickerbacker 19.50%

By particular request of Mr. L.F. Newland, and others we

consented to stop until the 29th and hold a concert at the Female Academy, Monday Eve. Mr. Newland & his friends were to attend to the whole affair.

John Hutchinson’s published account of this incident is rather more dramatic. Lyman Heath set to music this story, using a text by poet Seba Smith. %From this figure we can say that Asa’s earlier estimate of 350 persons in the audience was probably a little optimistic. Given a ticket price of fifty cents for a single, seventy-five cents for a couple (prices were increased for this special concert), with Briare taking half the proceeds, the maximum audience could have been 104 persons. Even if Briare took only one-third, there could have been a paid audience of no more than 152. If no percentages were involved—the Hutchinsons paid their fourteen dollars for the hall and took the rest—there would have been fewer than ninety in the audience. None of this allows, of course, for tickets issued gratis, of which there may have been many for a concert of this type. 69

‘“‘A NOISE IN THE WORLD’”’

(T)here was a rap at the door and in stepped a tall gentleman, who introducing himself stated his errand. ‘Can you remain ~ in the city till next Monday evening,”’ said he; “‘I will give you

a hundred dollars if you will sing for me that evening.’’ This offer (so goes John’s story) was the Hutchinsons’ salvation, — and Newland the messiah. It is surprising the singers’ private journal did not chronicle such an event more fully. Presumably the Hutchinsons already knew Newland, since his music store, like others in Albany, had handled advance sale of their tickets. Autobiography

often romanticizes what seems at the moment mundane, not necessarily with intention to deceive but rather because of the nature

of the beast with hindsight. The journals probably treat this event more as the news it was than as the myth it became. Newland and his friends proved to be men of their word. A signed ©

notice appeared the next day in the Evening Journal. | A strong feeling has been excited in behalf of these youthful vocalists, and we feel as if we could not consent to part with them till we have repaid, in some degree, the neglect with

| which talent so rare and deportment so becoming have hitherto | been treated. It is true that their reception has been most en-

thusiastic by those who have heard them; and the same individuals have attended night after night, with increasing interest and delight; but the number has been small, very small _ indeed, considering the claims which this very interesting fami-

ly have upon us. We say claims, because we feel that they belong peculiarly to ourselves. It is truly and unequivocally Native Talent - children of our own free and happy land without instruction, except such as they have derived from the

great teacher, Nature, and the gifts which she has bestowed upon them. They come before us unheralded, and in all the attractions of pure harmony they command our unqualified

admiration. | | |

| On these grounds, we have requested them to give us one more opportunity of expressing our sense of their high deservings. They have therefore consented to remain till Monday the | 29th inst. We have procured from the Trustees of the Female _

Academy the use of the Chapel for that evening, and we

70

12 JULY - 3 DECEMBER 1842

sincerely hope that on that occasion our fellow citizens will show abundant proofs of their taste, and also of their liberality. Elihu Russell, E. Warner, Geo. Warren, M.M. Van Alstyne, Luke F. Newland.%’

Went to the Museum” in the Evening. The Hungarian Cousins, a Real Hook. Learned dog pretty good. Mrs. Hood, what a Vocalist??—

23d August 1842 Serenaded Mr. Thurlow Weed, Editor of the Albany Even-

ing Journal. Were invited in to the house, partook of some refreshments. Sung several pieces and departed. Sung at several places in the evening, at the Editor of the Albany Atlas—

The Hutchinsons here learn a ploy that will serve them afterwards in good stead: get the attention of the newspapers, and the audience will follow.

They serenaded one of the most powerful political figures in %7These gentlemen were leading merchants and amateur and professional musicians of Albany. 98A museum in the nineteenth century not only held exhibitions of artifacts, but typically presented lectures, demonstrations, and concerts as well.

Unfortunately, the Albany Museum appears neither to have advertised in the newspapers nor, and not coincidentally, been reviewed; hence a chronicle of its offerings is difficult to come by. The Hutchinsons may have

heard a performance by the Hungarian Singers, who preceded even the Rainers to America, appearing in ‘‘national costume’”’ at the Apollo in New York, 26 August 1839. The four—Rosen, Kaln, Libenstein, and Reich—sang, but also imitated the sounds of musical instruments; their ‘‘overture’’ was

thought particularly effective. Rosen however had drowned in Kentucky on 25 July 1842, so the Hungarian Singers may have still been out West or since disbanded. But as ‘‘Hungarian”’ acts of all sorts were a rage during the period, playing up to the exotic, quasi-gypsy associations Americans had of that nationality, the Hutchinsons might have heard almost anyone or anything. Similarly, there is no information about the dog, nor Mrs.

Hood. , 71

‘“‘A NOISE IN THE WORLD”’

America in the person of Thurlow Weed (1797-1882), editor of the Evening Journal from its beginning in 1830 to his retirement in 1869. His national importance was as the great gray eminence of the Whig

and, later, the Republican Parties. Through the power of his pen (and strongarm political tactics), Weed influenced opinion all over the country. In 1842 he was particularly rich in the rewards derived from one of his master machinations. Rather than allow the Whigs to nominate the venerable, highly-principled, perhaps over-exposed Henry Clay in the 1840 presidential election against arch-foe Martin Van Buren (also from Albany), Weed helped arrange it that a military hero from Ohio, William Henry Harrison, would run and that he would keep his thoughts pretty much to himself. As a result of this strategy, with a balanced ticket (‘Tyler Too’’), and a vulnerable Democratic party blamed for the depression in 1837, the Whigs won the White House, breaking a string of Democratic administrations that extended back to 1828. John Hutchinson reported the acquaintance with Weed formed at this time was refreshed from ‘‘time to time’’ in subsequent years and places.

Wednesday Aug 24th/42 Went to Quemans?! a small town about 11 miles from here. Sung to a full house. Josiah Fuller and Dawes were there.

Took 10.75 Expenses— Paid toll—6.00 25

Judson went home with Dawes—

Thursday Aug 25th I arose early to the call from my Unkle Leavitt and took a walk down to the Hudson River and Bathed my weary body in that Grand river— After Breakfast we went up to the Anti-Temperance House in Bethlehem, Wellers Hotel. Ah! Hypocrycy. Rev. Stillman? from Albany was there. 100Coeymans.

101Of the Trinity Methodist Church. 72

12 JULY - 3 DECEMBER 1842

August 25th Thursday Bethlehem. Sung at the Anti-Temperance House at the Temperance Meeting. Fuller was there. Some mismanagement.

Collection to defray expenses— 5.00 Sung in the evening to a crammed dining room full—10.00

Did we play for a dance: NO! Went up to friend Winnee. After the Concert, with Fuller. The Hutchinsons returned to Bethlehem for a temperance meeting celebrating the establishment of a new temperance house. Mr. A. Wilber’s Cedar Hill House had long been a favorite tavern in Bethlehem. But on this day it would become a temperance inn and all the alcohol in the establishment taken out and burned. A meeting with speeches, singing, and food would follow. The tone of Asa’s commentary—words like “‘Anti-Temperance,’’ ‘““‘hypocrisy,’’ ‘‘mismanagement,’’ and the reference to a dance - sug-

gest that the meeting was not so elevated, nor so temperate, as he would have wished.

Friday August 26th 1842 Stoped at Bethlehem with Fuller, 4 Daughters of Winnee. One

deranged cousin - Oh! Went down to the Minral Springs.1 Abigails dress is out at Bethlehem— Saturday August 27th 1842 Departed from Fuller’s and his Friends. For Albany. Put up at N.K. Leavitts. In the Evening visited Rev. Mr. Stillmans Church House. Also Mr. L.F. Newlands.

John & I paid for 2 hats— 4.50

Left our old hats in exchanged. Sabath day in the forenoon we attended the Presbyterian Church in Company with Mr. L.F. Newland. 102Mineral Spring Garden was another of the private pleasure gardens around Albany. They often featured fireworks and music on a summer’s evening. 73

‘A NOISE IN THE WORLD”’ | There was quite a bustle between Mr. Newland & Mr. Walker? at N.K. Leavitts in the morning in regard to the place

of our attending to worship. We had made arrangements to attend Church with Walker in the A.M. But Mr. Newland had made arrangements with the Presby. Church to have us there. What Should we do. Mr Walker & Newland had quite a dispute. Many hard words ensued and after well discussing the Subject, we went away

with Mr. Newland, and Mr. Walker went to Church alone. We had a very pleasant time at the church. Although it rained

quite fast. Yet there was quite an audience in attendence—

Water Bucketts— ,

After Church we returned to our home. Saw Mr. Walker. He said that he had been up to see Rev. Mr. Stillman and told him that he ought to let him have us in the P.M. and then we would be there at his, Mr. Stillmans Church to Sing in the evening. By the way—We had made arangement with Rev. Mr. Stillman to be at his Church on Sabath P.M. Walker met

us at noon and said that we must go with him in the P.M. But finding that Mr. Stillman would send a guard to direct us to his Church he consented. Albany August 28th Sabath day morn All well. Appearances of Rain. Go to Church today. To the

Two Steeple Church and the Methodist Church. |

People wide awake for Monday Eve for a Concert at the Female Academy. O the Friends of Albany. The Steyrmark Family’® sing at the Museum this week. 103Was this the Mr. A. Walker who owned the Ice Cream Saloon with Briare?

If so, it would be surprising to find him promoting the Hutchinsons so vigorously now, since their next and last concert was not to be at his Knickerbacker Hall, but at the Female Academy. Perhaps then this was Mr. George

Walker, a prominent amateur musician in Albany. 104Second Presbyterian Church, Rev. William B. Sprague, minister. 105The Steyermark Family arrived in the United States in October 1841 and had been touring since, following the example of the Rainer Family. There were four of them, a Mr. Neis, who could play eight instruments ‘‘at the same time,’’ his daughters Ellen and Mena, singers, and a Mr. Berlyn who assisted. They too performed in the native dress of their homeland, which was near the area of the Steyr River in upper Austria, hence their name. 74

12 JULY - 3 DECEMBER 1842

Yesterday Bought a Satin Vest and a Silk Hat. Judson & John

bought the same. We paid for the three vests— 9.00

Judson paid for a fur Hat— 4.00

Sabath day Aug 28th/42 P.M. We went to church? with N.K. Leavitt. Sung in the Gallery with the Choir. And in the course of the afternoon

we Sung two pieces of music together. The House was crowded. Mr. Stillman after his Sermon requested us to Sing a select Piece. We did so. He arose and gave notice that we should sing at the Female Academy and that we should sing sacred music and pieces of a moral character. He also stated that his acquaintance with us was such as to speak very highly

of us, and that we did not come from a theatre or any low place but that we came from respectable situation and had in-

stilled in to us the Essence of religion. We sung in the evening at the same place. Found many

friends—

Good Many people Envy us—yes. Mr. Newland attended Church with us at the Presbyterian & Methodist Hall. Considerable rain on this Sabath day—— The audience for the Hutchinson Family was not only in the streets where it saw their posters, or behind the newspapers where it read advertisements, it was also in the churches. It appears that to Luke Newland must go the palm for first realizing this. Unlike entertainers in other popular genres—minstrelsy, the circus, freak shows, even the theater and opera—the Hutchinsons were unassailably respectable. And since the churches then as now were often as preoccupied with respectability as with worship, the Hutchinsons and the churches were mutually compatible. Hereafter the singers attended Sunday services as often as possible, sang a few songs, let the congregation be assured by the minister of their morals and good intentions, and expected to find a goodly number of the church-goers in their next audience.

06Trinity Methodist Church. 75

“A NOISE IN THE WORLD’’

Monday Aug 29th/42 This is Abigails Birthday?” and according to a promise that we made her we have made her a present of an Eolian Dress,

of the patern of the Queen Victoria of England.

John W. Hutchinson to paying for Boat 2.50 Paid’

Judson B. Hutchinson - To Balline on what we

had to pay for his hat 1.75[?] Paid?

Abigail Spent to day for her dress 6.00 Money Makes the Mare Go Expect pretty good House tonight. The Steyrmark Family Sing tonight at the Museum—

Col. N.K. Leavitt Lends us one Hundred 100.00

Monday Aug 29 42110 [by Judson]

Well well sir, so your come at last. I thought you’d come no more. I guess that I will write a Little in this Book. Asa is a counting Unkle Nat’s money. Says that there is a hundrid $100. Mr. Leavitt is a going with us. Leave this Place Wednesday Morning for Pitstown."! In Eighteen hundred forty-two. Jodel. My head aches whereas I am flat. Confab. Johnny - can you count twenty-five.1!2 Eraster[?]. Sarah has been sick a week. Thomsonian. Ase is ugly. Never fear mad

n.13 Oh dear. BOSTON. Get out of the way. Judson says Ase © rub my head. We have just been Baiting him about Writing.14

Going to sing as soon as Ase lets me alone. Good night. 107Niow thirteen!

108Entry is crossed out and marked ‘‘Paid.”’ 109Entry is crossed out and marked ‘‘Paid.”’ 10D ate surrounded by /////s. 111Pittsfield, MA.

1122Another reference to the song ‘“Can You Count Twenty-Five.” 113Madness?

1147n the manuscript, this entry throughout is heavily distorted, with different sizes and styles of penstrokes. Given this it is sometimes difficult to identify handwriting. The change of person in the text and calligraphy in the manuscript, though, suggests that Asa might have written the last two sentences here, before Judson resumed. 76

12 JULY - 3 DECEMBER 1842

Tuesday Morning Aug 30th Very pleasant delightful day—

Paid for Abigails dress-making &c 1.50

We made her a present of a dress—a New Years present— Amd She made a good appearance on the stage at the Female Acad. before 4[00] or 500 People, the Pride of Albany.

Tuesday Aug 30th/42 Sung to a crowded house last night in Female Academy. The greatest house that ever was known in that place. That is the most refined, respectable, wealthy, Musical, Christianised, Democratic, Friendly & Influential— Never was an audience better satisfyed—No? Never! Rev. Mr. Stillman with many of his Church Members was present. The Snow Storm. Little Farm & Crows in a Cornfield were enchored. They tried hard on Celias Charms but we turned it by singing Trip to Cape Ann. Played but one instrumental piece—Farnsworth’s March——

Oh how pleasing it is to give Satisfaction to an enlightened community. About 30 or 40 were unable to obtain seats in the house. It was Literaly Crambed. Friend L.F. Newland has proved to be a friend to us indeed—

Friend Dogee of the Methodists says that we have barely made an introduction and that when we come again we shall have to procure a church in order to accomodate the people. In all later chronicles of the Hutchinson Family the Albany concert on the 29th of August is singled out as a watershed. That night a large audience of respectable citizens gathered, yielding a profit of perhaps more than $110, the Hutchinsons’ biggest payday so far. In spite of some difficult times ahead, their reputation was made in a major city, and the word would precede them, paving the way and opening doors. The Hutchinson Family Singers learned in Albany that the right kind of publicity pitched to the proper audience, coupled with perseverence, and their not insignificant talent would yield success. Before the 29th the Family’s future as musicians was not at all cer77

““A NOISE IN THE WORLD”’ , tain; the spectre of an ignominious return to Milford loomed over them. But after the Albany concert, there was little doubt but of a

return in triumph. ,

[by John)

John H. All well. Asa has gon to Bethlehem to get Abba’s Shawl! that she left last week. The mans manner is winning. Anna, Sarrah and Hannah, Cousins of ours have gon with him. Expect them back soon. We settled our bill at the

tavern this morning wich was ten dollars— $10.00 Col. Leavitt Gave the Tavernkeeper a blowing up. Told him

he was an old dutch hog &c &c. ,

I have (the immortal Ase) just returned from a ride out at Beth{lehem], with Sarah, Hannah & Anna Leavitt. I met Mr. Winnee from Bethlehem when about % of a mile from the first Tollgate. He had brought Abigails dress with him. I took the dress, gave him a love letter to carry to Fuller and after learning that his friends were all well I bid him adieu. After leaving him I had not gone far before I was stoped on an eminence

by the Cry of some one behind and upon looking around found it to be Miss Winnee, and immediately behind her followed her Sister. I jumped from the Carriage and Shook hands with them. Told them our success and bid them farewell, with the promise to call on them again next Fall if convenient. We rode about 12 mile farther and then retraced our path back to Albany. Passed through the toll gate. Twice, paid

twenty-five— 29

Then we arived at Col. Leavitts. When about to assist the

Ladies out the Horse Started and with difficulty I stoped them.

After disposing of my load I took the horses to Vans, where lives a very cross old Likeransacted"®* old man. The Col. had some severe talk with him this morning. Settled with him and paid him for his horsekeeping at the rate of 3/per 24 hours each and 9/- each for our Lodgings— 115’’Shall’’ in manuscript. 167 iquor ransacked? 78

whole set 10.00 Paid for straps on our pants 1.50 12 JULY - 3 DECEMBER 1842

" "man repairing our carriage 90

Albany Aug 30th/42 The messrs Judson & John are out Settling up the affairs of the last nights. We go to Pittsfield tomorow if the all-wise providance permitts. A Good Moral Character is better than Silver or Brass. To conduct properly—to use all with becoming respect. To deal justly with all and walk humbly is commendable to any one. A person or persons possessed of true principles of Chris-

tianity and a love of good behaviour and a Practicioner of Morality towards Man kind will get through this world, Sometime and perhaps with ease. But a man of humour and Wealth can go anywhere and be candidly received by all—Oh!

The deceit, pride and deception of the human heart——— That the journals become thinner in detail for the rest of the year is some evidence of the Hutchinsons’ growing success. The richness of the early entries was in part a matter of account-keeping: each shilling was entered—events surrounding were too. When the accounts no longer had to be so penny-wise, the day-to-day chronicle was also unfortunately neglected.

Writen at Wocester, Mass, Sept 6th Writen at Lynn Writen at Lynn Sept 11th 1842 I have just returned in the Kitchen of Jesse Hutchinson. In from his Parlor where we had been practising together on Sacred Music, it being Sabath day. I have a bad cold & have been rather resting until I was requested to go down Stairs as Jesse was engaged in composing Poetry. Jesse has just returned, and I heard the Loud Creek—

719

“A NOISE IN THE WORLD”’’ Wednesday - August 31th 1842 Col. Leavitt left Albany for Pittsfield by the Carrs. __ We also left by our carriage & arived at P. at 5 O’Clock P.M.

Col. Leavitt having had his Trunk carried on to Springfield did not get the bills up till 642 P.M. Sung in the town Hall—

Took only— | | 10.00

Paid for Hall and Board &c 9.00

: Sept Ist 1842

Thursday Pittsfield is a fine place. A Large medical School there. Saw Frank Johnson down at the railroad Depot. The old Fellow was quite well. Sadly he did not do so well in Albany

as he Expected. |

Hampton. ,

They are a Rough sett of Negroes. Left Pittsfield for North

sent the Col. by the Carrs. We Stoped at a village 18 Miles west of North Hampton. Put up with a Farmer by the name of Bates—

Paid him— | 1.00

September 2 Friday

Started Early for North Hampton. When we arrived there we found not the Col, but learned that he had gone to Cabottsville!’” and would be ready to wait upon us at that place. We went to Cabotsville. Sung in a Hall,

paid— | 1.50 Took Two Thousand. | 2000118

Went to Springfield Sept 3d.

Saturday. Did not sing there as there was no encouragement for any musical performance.1°

‘UsQObviously jesting. | 17Now Chicopee.

119Since this is reminiscence too, John Hutchinson’s memory should be given equal consideration. He wrote that there was “‘singing”’ in Springfield (Story of the Hutchinsons, 1:64). No evidence can be found supporting either point

of view against the other, which suggests they did not sing. 80

12 JULY - 3 DECEMBER 1842

Sept 3d Saturday 1842 Went from Springfield on towards Wocester. Sent the Col on by the Cars. Stoped 25 miles west of W[orcester] at a farm House— Sept 4, Sabath day— All were well. Did not go to Church. The Gentleman where we put up was named Powers—

Farm— 3.25 Sept 5th Monday

Went to Wocester. Paid for our accomodations at the Sung at Wocester at Brinley Hall. Took several pieces. Had

a good house. Saw Andrew F. Willard, Wallace, Hood &c &c—Englishman Saml. Lock[?], Mr. Kettells folks I respect.

Tuesday Sept 6th Gave our 2d & last concert at Brinly Hall. Paid our Expenses

out of the proceeds. The newspapers in Worcester, like some of those in New York, apologized for the sizes of the audiences and at the same stroke expressed their regard for the singing. It is no longer surprising to learn

the focus of their approbation. In regard to majestic rivers, mighty Cataracts, vast lakes, boundless prairies, lofty mountains, cloudless skies, glorious sunsets, and splendid moonlight, the New World has no occasion to ask any favours of the Old; and probably all those who attended the Concerts of the New England Minstrels (the Hutchinson family of three brothers and a sister from the hills of New Hampshire,) at Brinley Hall last Monday and Tuesday

evenings, were satisfied that the New, has no necessity of dependence upon the Old World for the luxury of some kinds of most exquisite music, and that Nature, on this side of the Atlantic, has liberally bestowed the instrumentalities of charming the ear through the agency of these, and other gifted native minstrels, as she has abundantly spread abroad the means of delighting the eye through the glories of our natural scenery. 81

““A NOISE IN THE WORLD”’

The remainder of the review embellishes the theme.

Sept 7th, Wednesday Abigail & I took the Carrs for Boston. The Boys & Col. took

the Carriage.

Expense to Lynn— 4.00 | | The Boys did not stand their Journey very well— Judson was quite unwell when he arrived at Lynn— Sept 8th Thursday Judson is quite Smart. Did not they Eat much roasted beef. Went up to Smiths in the Evening.

| Sept 9th Friday Went down to Nahant Swampscott. Sept 10th Saturday

for a Trunk . 2.75 for Tall Extra 25

Went into Boston and bought 3 pairs of Pantaloons—18.00

” Scarffs at Wocester 3.00

Sunday Sept 11th Its going to rain. Have not been to Church today. Col. gone to Boston.

| Milford Nov 26th 1842 It is rather supprising to me to be writing at Milford, in this

Book again, at this date, for the Expectation that we the

St. a |

AEolians had was to go South this winter. But Our Parents ob-

jected to it so keenly, especially Mother, that we have con- | cluded to Spend the Winter at Homestead Home. _ Well about Sept 13th Tuesday, we went in to Boston and Gave our Introductory Concert at the Melodeon,!?° Washington

120Originally the Lion Theatre, the building was leased by the Handel and Haydn Society in 1839 and opened as the leading concert and exhibition

hall in Boston, which it would be for years to come. a | 82

12 JULY - 3 DECEMBER 1842

We Stoped at the Marlboro Hotel where we found a quiet and gentlemanly Landlord and kind assistance. We became acquainted with Mr. Baker, Proffesor of Music.124

We found him a gentleman. The Boston Crittic Mr. Powers,!22 we found quite a friend for criticising &c &c. Oliver Ditson the Music Seller was quite

friendly, presented us with quite a number of good pieces of music.}23 J. Jones Printer, was quite agreable &c &c. Gave 3 Concerts in Boston.!74 Bought 3 Cloaks, one coat for us and the Colonel.

Coat $14.

Paid, Cloaks 30.00 3 Pr Pantaloons $18.00

It is surprising that more isn’t made here of the first Boston concerts, given even the retrospective nature of Asa’s account. Certainly no concerts were ever more important to the Hutchinsons: Boston would be the bellwether for the whole of New England.

They began slowly there, with only a “‘limited audience, distinguished for its musical taste and acumen”’ at the introductory concert. But the press attended and reviews appeared shortly. The

, Boston Daily Bee printed a somewhat typical account. (We) were never more pleased and gratified in our life at any similar performance; and so indeed appeared the whole au121Benjamin Franklin Baker (1811-1889) was in 1842 the teacher of music in

Boston’s public schools and an officer of the Handel and Haydn Society. He was a composer, compiler of collections of glees and anthems, and a conductor. Save perhaps only Lowell Mason and George J. Webb, he might have been the most important musical figure in Boston at the time. 122Perhaps Thomas Power, Clerk of Police and Justices’ Court, and a lover of music. 123Oliver Ditson (1811-1888) had just become the sole proprietor of his music store. Like many music-store operators Ditson was also a publisher of music,

and as such he was doubtlessly interested in the music of the Hutchinsons,

the town talk in that season. Here he might have been approaching the Hutchinsons about immediate publication of their songs, or maybe he was

, just establishing contact. In any case Ditson was to become an important publisher of their music. Not the Hutchinsons alone, however, for he would soon become one of America’s biggest and most important music publishers. 124Actually, four. 83

‘“‘A NOISE IN THE WORLD’’ , dience. We never witnessed more spontaneous and hearty bursts of applause than followed the exertions of these children

of song. Their voices harmonized admirably, and in the execution of trios and quartettes, so perfect were the tune and time kept by them, that the performance seemed the utterance of a single voice. As a result of such critiques and word-of-mouth publicity, a ‘‘fine’’ audience attended the second concert. More reviews followed, encouraging their readers to attend. And the Hutchinsons corrected again a mistake of ways and means by dropping ticket prices from fifty cents to twenty-five. Subsequently, the third and fourth concerts were both successful and well-subscribed. Boston critics were, however, the first to write anything negative.

The American hated ‘‘The Snow Storm,” thought the “peculiar Alpine tone’”’ of the Rainer Family was missing in the Hutchinsons’

performance of ‘‘Handsome Louisa,’’ and suggested they “err in imitating the Rainers in their positions — hands upon the hips are - an uneasy, ungraceful position.’’ The Transcript for 19 September predicted great things from them, with more ‘‘close study and constant practice.’’ And the Atlas fired the first shots in what was to be a long battle. It disliked their advertising, thought it ““eminently fitted to diminish confidence in the worth of the entertainment. There is a grandiloquence about it too much like the inflated comendations [!] of healing nostrums.’’ And it cautioned the Hutchinsons on the 20th to avoid the ‘‘comic or boisterous.’’ Still, for every negative word, scores of good ones were written, and often in the same review. Even in a day and time when editors were hesitant to allow anything negative to be written about prospective advertisers, the Hutchinsons received more than their share of bouquets.

times. |

Gave two concerts in Lynn one of them Muster Night. Dull

Success. _

Two concerts in Rig town Charlstown. Small audiences. Poor

In Boston, we did remarkably well— Went to Newburyport. Gave 3 concerts at Newburyport to rather good Houses considering the exceeding unfavoring times. 25 [cents per ticket] — 12% better suited. Went to Portsmouth where we gave 3 concerts to Crowded Houses. 84

12 JULY - 3 DECEMBER 1842

Ex-Gov. Levi Woodbury with his family was present at our concerts. Visited the Gov. at his Palace one afternoon where

we were received and treated very Gentlemanly indeed.!” Found numerous friends at Portsmouth. Viz., Adams, Moses, Hackett, Knowlton, Brown & Clark &c &c. Left Portsmouth for Kenebunk by way of a coach hired, paid 6.00

Arrived at Kenebunk about noon. Gave a concert that even-

ing. Pretty good House, 100 [persons] 12.00 Friends from Saco came up. Judson, John & the Colonel left for Saco next Morning!?°— Abigail & I went to Saco by the way of the Railroad. Stoped

at Levi Gurneys Mansion House. Gave 3 Concerts at Saco, in the Old Methodist House. Good Houses. Friends Green & Priest, also George P. Hays and Batchelder.1?7

Dull times in Saco— An example of the increasingly sophisticated, if slightly dishonest,

publicity techniques now being employed by the Hutchinsons is found on their advertising poster for the October 8th concert in Saco.

There it was announced:

(T)hey will introduce a variety of New and Popular Solos, Trios

& Quartetts which have received the applause of the most fashionable and popular audience in New York, Boston, and the principal places in New England. The eye-catcher here is ‘New York,’’ where the Hutchinsons had not yet appeared. A careful reading reveals that the intended subjects of the verb are the songs, not the Hutchinsons. Tricky, but effective.

1251.evi Woodbury (1789-1851) was at one time or another Governor of New Hampshire, U.S. Senator, Secretary of the Navy, Secretary of the Treasury,

and a Supreme Court Justice. He was often mentioned as a possible Democratic Party candidate for President. 126They actually spent two days in Kennebunk, with two concerts. 127This could have been Samuel Batchelder (1784-1879), born and raised in Jaffrey and New Ipswich, NH, nearby to Milford, and currently the manager

of the big textile mill, and as such the most powerful man in Saco. 85

“‘A NOISE IN THE WORLD”’ , Left via Railroad for Portland. O What Beauty in this City. Equilibrium in the Smiling Countanance of the Healthy Females. Portland is noted for the Morality of its Citizens. The Beauty of Portland—Miss

Williams. , Three? Concerts in Portland. Good Houses. |

—Portland Advertiser, 11 October 1842

The highest degree of scientific finish, probably they do not claim, and they will undoubtedly attain to further degrees of that perfection which is the result of simple good taste as their _ taste becomes more cultivated. But on the whole, they have probably made an impression equal to that of any vocalists who have visited us for a long time. The very first strain hushed © the audience to an eager silence. These singers know evident-

ly what they are about, and never forget the first principles of their art. They know that melody should be imbued with feeling (passion is the word) and that harmony should be smooth, proportioned and blended. Such was their performance, almost without exception.

Very destructive fire in this City, $25000 damage. Left for

Saco. One Concert in Saco Baptist Meeting House. | For Dover (next) N.H. 3 Concerts at Belevue Hall. Good Houses. The audiences completely enchained. Portsmouth 2 Concerts. Crowded Houses. Caried out $100.00

_ Newburyport one night. (Good Houses). Lowell next??9 (One Concert at Mechanics Hall). Full House.

Next Nashua. Saturday Eve Nov. Full House— | Returned to Milford. Gave a concert at Amherst for the bene- ,

fit of our aged Grandfather Leavitt.— 20.00

128Four. |

129After two concerts in Salem. 86

12 JULY - 3 DECEMBER 1842

Benefit Concert

by the AEOLIAN VOCALISTS

The Hutchinson Family would respectfully announce to the citizens of Amherst and vicinity, that they will give a Concert of Vocal Music, for the Benefit of the venerable Andrew Leavitt, (their grandfather,) a Soldier of the Revolution, on Wednesday

Evening, November 2, being positively the only Concert they will give in this vicinity the present season.

Went to Manchester gave two concerts. Returned to Milford

after a short stay and my visit to the ‘‘Highlands.’’° We re-

turned to Nashua, gave a concert to good house but bad

weather.

The Hutchinsons left Milford expecting to tour toward New York, perhaps beyond. All published histories and Asa’s earlier ‘‘surprise’’ at making these entries in Milford corroborate this point. Since the journals here are more a listing of concerts than a chronicle of daily life, we must rely on the autobiographies to suggest what really hap-

pened. The story was that the quartet had just embarked on their big tour and had given their first concert at the Universalist Church

in Nashua.

The next morning to their amazement, their father rode in-

to the town on his white horse, and sought them out... . “Boys, Iam come to take Abby back with me. Your mother, who could not sleep all night, has sent me for her. She is in agony lest she should never return home. Her mother cannot live when Abby is away.’’ And he added—‘’You may have her for three weeks, if you will sign an obligation to return her at

the end of that time.”’

The boys signed, and continued their now abbreviated tour. The next few weeks were to have other moments of drama, which contributed to an even earlier termination of the tour. The four of them. 130Asa went courting to Nelson, NH, about 35 miles northwest of Milford. The object of his affections remains a mystery. 87

‘“‘A NOISE IN THE WORLD”’

would, in fact, be back in Milford by the 20th of the month, with perhaps much more to think about than merely Abby’s youth.

On to Lowell, gave 3 Concerts at the Mec[hanics] Hall. On to Boston. 3 concert in Boston after which, Judson absquatulated?5! and we settled with N.K. Leavitt and let him go home to Albany. Visit to Lynn &c &c. Judson’s sudden leavetaking caused much concern, especially since he left surreptitiously leaving only a note, “‘I go to Texas.”’

Asa wrote in 1852: | ,

Remembering Judson’s ‘‘sometimes’’ desponding mood, the

greatest alarm was excited among the two brothers and their sister. Suicide—occurred to their thoughts. For the first time in print the Family admitted the seriousness of Judson’s mental condition—and anticipated the means of his death

by seven years. John and Abby went to Lynn looking for their

brother; Asa left for Milford. .

Returned home, found Judson.%? John & Abigail came home, and Nov 25th, Massachusetts Thanksgiving, we went to Lowell. Sung in the First Freewill Baptist Church to over

300. Money $75.00 Returned home. ,

tion.”’ , , French. , |

_ 81’’Absquatulate’’ was and isa little-used word meaning ‘‘to decamp.’” © Although it does not appear in many of the standard dictionaries of that time, one does sometimes find the word in contemporary newspaper ac- _ counts, usually in a financial context, as in ‘‘Defalcation and Absquatula| 132Judson had apparently decided to return to Milford and courting of ‘‘his _

Sally,’’ perhaps the affectionate diminutive form that referred to Miss Sarah

133Asa made the distinction here because the states held responsibility for | - setting the date of Thanksgiving in 1842, not the federal government as today. Some adjoining states chose different days for the celebration. For example, the whole of the Hutchinson Family went to Nashua and gave a

December 22nd! a

concert on New Hampshire’s Thanksgiving Day that year, which fell on 88

12 JULY - 3 DECEMBER 1842

Nov 28th went to Concord. Nov 29 & 30 gave Concerts. It being very bad weather (it being the first night Exceedingly Cold & the second cold & Blustery) we did not succeed in obtaining Large houses. although-the However the first night, not having very bad weather we had a full house. Returned home December 2nd & 3rd 1842 Ist of December went as far as Bedford where we were prevented from going any further by the Large Driffts, which obstructed us completely. Our Caugh"4 Horse was completely enveloped in the snow drifts, & with great difficulty Judson & John released him. We returned to a Farmers House and obtained accomodations for us and our horses. Dec 2 returned home, and never was I more pleased to see the Place of my Childhood. It is now Dec 3d 1842. All very well. Killed our big hogs today. I have a corn on my right foot. I Love the Free!!!! Fathers Cousin is here. Mother is eating an Apple. Sing in Milford Next week. Wednesday Eve I expect. Unexpectedly I Close But not without wishing to Live & Let Live!!!

134Obscure term. 89

BLANK PAGE

INTERCHAPTER I: | Begin the Days of Antislavery Judson’s absquatulation turned out to have ramifications far beyond itself. John and Abby remained in the Boston area for

three days more after Judson was located on the 17th of November, and in that time John may have taken some part in a great drama of his day, the issue of which would change his life. In October 1842 James B. Gray of Norfolk, Virginia came to Boston and filed papers claiming that George Latimer, then living there, was a fugitive slave. Latimer insisted that he had been made a freeman by his mistress in her will, but that after her death the woman’s daughter had destroyed the document. While the courts considered the arguments, Latimer was jailed. Those of antislavery sentiment, and some who were simply

| humanitarians, were appalled at the turn of events and immediately organized a protest meeting at Faneuil Hall. A public meeting of the citizens of Boston and vicinity will be held in THE OLD CRADLE OF LIBERTY, ON SUNDAY EVENING NEXT, October 30th, at 9 o’clock, to consider the subject of providing additional safeguards for the protection of the personal liberty of THE PEOPLE of this Commonwealth, particularly in the case of those claimed as offenders against the laws of other States, and as the GOOD AND CHATTELS

of southern SLAVEHOLDERS. Bostonians! friends of the rights of man! descendants of the Pilgrim Fathers! sons of Revolutionary sires! followers of Him who came to open the prison-doors, and to set the captive free! Shall Boston, shall MASSACHUSETTS, be made the hunting ground of HUMAN KIDNAPPERS? Shall our soil be polluted by the foot-prints of SLAVERY? Shall shelter and protection be denied to wronged 91

| INTERCHAPTER ONE and bleeding humanity? Shall they who have escaped from the southern prison-house of bondage to our State, be allowed

by us to be seized with impunity, and dragged back to | _ CHAINS and TORTURE? Shall our Constitution be trampled under foot by the iron heel of tyranny, and our Bill of Rights be made ‘a blurred and tattered parchment’ for the accommodation of Men-Stealers, and of those who ‘trade in SLAVES and SOULS OF MEN?’

Through early November public interest built and another rally was scheduled for the 19th of November at the Marlboro Hall.

On the 17th, however, before this could take place, a public subscription managed to buy Latimer’s freedom, thus putting an end to another chapter in the sad saga of American slavery. It is entirely possible that John Hutchinson was involved in these events. Certainly he tried later to paint such a picture. (T)he news was spread about the streets of that town that a flying fugitive from the South was pursued by a slave-holder and had been arrested in Boston. A company of about forty or fifty men resolved to make an effort towards rescuing this _ person. Brother Jesse and I joined them and were soon at the head of the delegation, marching through Washington Street, Boston, to Marlboro’ Chapel, singing as we entered the large church, “’Oh, liberate the bondman.”’ I still recall my impression of the contrast between singing before a popular audience | two nights before and the somewhat unpopular mission in which I was now engaged. A crowd was in readiness to greet us. While cogitating over plans of action, a man came through

the aisle of the chapel, and mounting the platform, shouted

out to the crowd, ‘‘He’s free! he’s free!’’ oe

His freedom had just been bought. There are enough distortions of fact here to prompt suspicion of John’s degree of involvement: Latimer was arrested the month before; the dates are all wrong; Latimer was freed two days before the Marlboro meeting; and there is no mention of the Hutchinsons in published accounts of the meeting. Further, a search of the Hutchinson materials reveals no previous history of activity in the cause of antislavery. There are 92

DAYS OF ANTISLAVERY

no songs with antislavery sentiments, no notes or letters documenting sympathy, and these journals ignore the issue. John’s account may serve only to confirm how extensively his autobiography is an exercise in self-aggrandizement. Nevertheless, John could hardly have avoided the Latimer incident: Boston was filled with it. Quite possibly he did attend the meeting at Marlboro Hall as one of the crowd. If so, he may well have left a convert to abolitionism. John and his brothers would have been ripe for such commitment. Brother Jesse had been involved with the antislavery movement for some time and he must surely have tried to turn the heads of the rest. The Hutchinsons had at least a casual familiarity with some of the antislavery literature; Judson, for example, had a subscription to the Herald of Freedom (although

he might have been interested primarily in cultivating N.P. Rogers, whose first big review appeared in the same issue as the record of his subscription). And as we have seen here before, several of the ‘‘sisterhood’’ of reform movements already counted the Hutchinsons among their members. There was apparently a kind of hierarchy of reform movements. One

could, for example, be for medical reform without being a Thomsonian, or a Thomsonian without having signed the

pledge. But at every level, something yet more radical beckoned, and abolitionism was simply another degree. The motives that first involved one in reform easily—though not inevitably—led to an antislavery position. Then there was the Hutchinsons’ background. Although Milford was a small town, it was not isolated. Major roads from Boston to the North and West came through it. Boston’s morning news was Milford’s that afternoon. Further, the town was one of the most radical in what was then a radical state. Its intellectual leaders, such as those who made up the Milford Lyceum, were early involved in the antislavery movement. As further indication of Milford’s political waters, an analysis of voting records shows that in the Presidential election of 1844,

while New Hampshire gave a higher percentage of its vote to the third-party Liberty (Antislavery) Party than any other state (8.4%, with Massachusetts at 8.3%), Milford’s Liberty 93

INTERCHAPTER ONE

Party percentage (30.5%) was the third highest in the state, behind only Croyden (40%) and Bristol (33.5%). Surely the Hutchinsons’ upbringing encouraged them to adopt radical reform positions. In any case, it was just at this time that we first know them to be abolitionists. The concerts in Concord on the 29th and 30th of November, barely ten days after the close of the Latimer incident, were reviewed by Rogers in the Herald of Freedom.

There he wrote: ‘Perhaps I am partial to the Hutchinsons, for they are abolitionists. It need not affright them to have it an-

-nounced.’’ And in that paper, two weeks later, a call was published for an antislavery convention in Milford in early

chinson.’’ ,

January; among the se«’eral signatures was one “‘John W. Hut-

They did not jump immediately into the breach with public

concerts trumpeting their new passion. John wrote that Judson was obdurate against beginning any new tour at all. Rather December 1842 found them performing publicly only in Mil-

ford on the 7th and at Nashua with the whole family on Thanksgiving Day. However, in early 1843 there were appearances at antislavery meetings on two different occasions. The first was in Milford on January 4th and 5th at a convention organized by Leonard Chase, a local cabinetmaker and staunch abolitionist. The meeting was called to demand the release from jail of T.P. Beach, who had been in a Newburyport

jail since September for disrupting a Quaker church service with a call to discuss the slavery issue. Although Beach was released shortly before the convention, somewhat blunting its __ purpose, many attended anyway, including such leading aboli-

tionists as Stephen S. Foster, Parker Pillsbury, and N.P. Rogers, with special appearances by George Latimer and Beach himself. It seems that at least the three brothers and Jesse were

present, and as evidence of their active role, a resolution was

passed by the whole convention. | Resolved, that whatever else of deficiency may be charged on

New-Hampshire abolitionism, the Anti-Slavery Host will always look to her for the music; so long as her Mountains can

send down into the field ‘“The New-Hampshire Rainers.’’

DAYS OF ANTISLAVERY

The language here suggests N.P. Rogers, who raised his pen in praise again in his own published account of the meeting. As one object of interest after another occurred in the meeting

below stairs—[the Hutchinsons] were ready to burst down upon it, in a most appropriate song; and such singing—such tone, such spirit and expression—such anti-slavery fervor— such apprehension of the sentiment and the language,—must, to say the least I can, be exceedingly rare—any where. . . . They are not performers.—They are Abolitionists, with as much heart

and fire as they have music.

With their coming out, a new urgency, outlook, and repertory became manifest. The issue of the century in America had

finally been engaged, one on which the Hutchinsons would build an international reputation, and gain a new audience. As a result of their performance in Milford, the brothers and Abby were invited to the annual convention of the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society, held in Boston on the three days beginning the 25th of January. There the Family confirmed their new reputation as the singers for abolition. Proceedings of the meeting, published in the Liberator the following week,

mentioned their ‘‘thrilling’’ songs. Again a resolution was passed. Resolved, That anti-slavery has rejoiced, from the beginning, in the aid of Poetry, which is naturally and instinctively on the side of liberty, it being impossible, in the providence of God, that Poetry should ever stoop her wing to the accursed service of slavery; and Humanity exults and rejoices in her other natural ally, Music, so gloriously represented here, in the old

Liberty Cradle, by the ‘‘New Hampshire Rainers,’’ whom Massachusetts abolitionism welcomes here from their White Mountains and thanks them for their free strains, in the name of down-trodden humanity.

It was left not for the first nor the last time for N.P. Rogers to provide us with the best account of their contribution, published both in his Herald of Freedom and later in the Liberator.

95

INTERCHAPTER ONE | I never saw such effect on human assemblies as their appeals produced. They made the vast multitudes toss and heave and clamor like ‘the roaring ocean.’ Orpheus is said to have made ©

| the trees dance at his playing. The Hutchinsons made the thousands of Faneuil Hall spring to their feet simultaneously, ‘as if in dance,’ and echo the anti-slavery appeal with a cheering that almost moved the old revolutionists from their stations on the wall. On one occasion it was absolutely amazing and sublime. Phillips had been speaking, in his happiest vein. It was towards night. The old hall was sombre in the glooming. It was thronged to its vast extremities. Phillips closed his speech at the loftiest pitch of his fine genius, and retired from the platform, when the four brothers rushed to his place, and took up the argument where he had left it, on the very heights of poetic declamation, and carried it off heavenward, on one of their boldest flights. Jesse had framed a series of stanzas — on the spot, while P. was speaking, embodying the leading arguments, and enforcing them, as mere oratory cannot, and as music and poetry only can, and they poured them forth with _ amazing spirit, in one of the maddening Second Advent tunes. The vast multitude sprung to their feet, as one man, . . . Oh! it was glorious. And it was not the rude, mobocratic shouting

of the blind partisan, or the unearthly glee of the religious , maniac—it was humanity’s jubilee cry. There was music in it. _

that music... , ,

... | wish the whole city, and the entire country could have been there—even all the people. Slavery would have died of

Likely, the occasion that seduced the poetry from Rogers’ pen was the first performance of what would become the Hutchinson Family’s best-known song: ‘“The Old Granite State.’’ The tune of this piece was, in fact, from a Second Advent hymnbook, set there to the text ‘“The Old Church Yard.’’ It was harmonically simple, rhythmically upbeat, withacatchy _ melody, and enough repetition to make it memorable, all in the tradition of the new revival hymns. (GEE MUSICAL EXAMPLES 1 AND 2.) The text was composed by Jesse, although © he borrowed images and poetic devices from at least one other

Second Advent hymn, ‘The Christian Band.’’ (The latter begins, ““Here is a band of brethren’; ‘“The Old Granite State’ 96

DAYS OF ANTISLAVERY

begins ‘‘We’re a band of Brothers.’’) We may never know precisely what Jesse extemporized to Phillips’ ideas in January 1843—the Hutchinsons forever made up or modified the text to suit the occasion—but the sheet music published later that

convention. |

year includes verses that speak to the cause of abolition and might be similar in expression to those heard first at the Boston Liberty is our motto Liberty is our motto In the ‘‘Old Granite State’’ We despise oppression We despise oppression We despise oppression And we cannot be enslaved. Yes we’re friends of emancipation And we’ll sing the proclamation Till it echoes through our nation From the ‘‘Old Granite State’’ That the tribe of Jesse That the tribe of Jesse That the tribe of Jesse Are the friends of equal rights.

‘‘The Old Granite State’’ became the ‘‘Family Song’’ of the sons and daughter of Jesse and would sound out at the end of all their concerts for decades to come. February gave the Hutchinsons a respite from antislavery meetings and the leisure to give a few concerts, none of them involving extensive touring. John spent part of the time celebrating his marriage on the 21st. Since the summer before,

his affections had waned for Tryphena Tupper, to the gain of Miss Francis (‘‘Fanny’’) B. Patch of Lowell, whom John noted he first met at one of the Lowell concerts in early November. Fanny was a fine singer, who had joined the whole family for the Thanksgiving Day concert at the end of December, and

would later sing with her husband in the Hutchinson Family ‘Tribe of John’’ groups of the 1850s and later. Early in March, though, it was back on the road for the 97

BLANK PAGE

24 Old Chureh Yard.

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INTERCHAPTER ONE

quartet, including a sacred music concert in Boston, one of the few such events on which concert arrangement information survives. Eliza Lee Follen (1787-1860), prominent abolitionist and author, wrote to Edmund Quincy on the 3rd of March with the news ‘’Cabot has engaged the Hutchinsons to come here next Wednesday evening to sing in one of our churches.’’ She went on to note they ‘‘are to pay them twenty five dollars and their expenses.’’ She expressed the hope that profit could be realized above expenses and “we want as many as possible to hear their noble songs.’’ Then on to the point of the letter: Now cannot you bring a number of friends from Dedham? The musical & the Liberty camp people will surely come. There a[re]

some petty jealousies here among the musical people which will prevent them perhaps from going to here [!] them & it would be a burning shame if they do not have a good audience.

Most unfortunately, no record appears to exist suggesting the success of the concert, or the profitability of the venture. During the rest of the month the Hutchinsons attended antislavery meetings at Lynn, Andover, Haverhill, and perhaps other places in Essex County, Massachusetts. At these they proved as much a draw as the Garrisons, Fosters, and Latimers they accompanied. They often took time to give extra, pay-

ing concerts too, tapping the audience they built at the

conventions. April found the Hutchinsons involved in yet another of the day’s reform movements. Brook Farm, in West Roxbury, near

Boston, was established in 1841 as an experiment in New Testament communal living. It attracted as many as one hun-

dred and fifteen persons, including several important writers | and thinkers, such as Theodore Parker, Margaret Fuller, and Nathaniel Nawthorne. All the ‘‘communists’’ were expected to do manual labor as well as further their intellectual or artistic work. They would supposedly live simply and at peace with nature, in full communion with one’s self and one’s God,

affording each a transcendental experience. 102

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Cover of heVul ulture oOAlps . V “The f the ithograp ns. O

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Courtes y American An iquarla . e

‘““O! NEW YORK!!”’

_ The publisher probably had some unnamed person ‘‘arrange’’ the ,

song, as was often done in subsequent songs by the Hutchinsons. But the shape and manner of the piece surely must be credited to Judson, and this raises an important question about the Hutchin- _ _ sons’ musical knowledge: How capable were these musicians who could fashion a piece like ‘“The Vulture of the Alps,’’ which is no simple four-part glee, but a song closely akin in form and sophistica-

tion to an operatic scena? Time and again, the journals reveal the Hutchinsons to be more than stereotypical country bumpkins. We have already seen them fraternizing at ease in some quite lofty intellectual circles: Harvard graduates like Quincy, Jackson, and Phillips, the writers and thinkers at Brook Farm, poets like James Russell Lowell, were all counted as friends. Musically, they were — .

acquaintanced with Lowell Mason and George James Webb, no” lightweights. To write ‘“The Vulture of the Alps,’’ Judson had to know the workings of an important style of the day and how to handle its idiom. When the Hutchinsons show us another side, as in the simple, repetitive ‘“Old Granite State,’’ they may well be revealing not musical “‘primitivism’’ or naiveté, but a sophistication that _ knew its audience, a sophistication that dictated the style of ‘‘The _ Vulture of the Alps’’ appear never again in their songs. ©

John just came up from the parlor. © | , 7

| Abba is in the parlor. _ oe Jesse has gone down town. | | |

Most a Glorious day. Pleasant, clear sky. Warm day—&c &c. |

to the reader. | , | a |

_ May 13. Why don’t you write something of some consequence ~

a Sunday Morning May 14th |

~ Most delightful Morning. Sung last night at Concert Hall, _ Broadway, to an audience of about 200. Gave first rate Satisfaction. Jesse just sighed and went down Stairs. JudsonandJohn ~~

are in the parlor. Abba is up in her little chamber. O what |

glorious weather. Never had I experienced such fine pleasant. weather as I do this morning! Everything is calm except now _

_. and then the rushing of a carriage, the bleetant of a calf or

| the voice of the news boys as they cry in the streets— _ |

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‘““O! NEW YORK!!”’

| New York May 14th 1843 oe Sabath Morning. 842 O’Clock.

Many things rush into my mind this morning as I try to think

| what to write. The Concerts of last night at Concert Hall went

of[f] finely. Not a very large audience listened to our music |

_ but a very refined one! | - |

, We introduced several voluntaries, viz, ‘‘Crows,”’ ‘‘Little | Farm.’’4 In fact such was our order of exercises that we kept _ them in a high state of enthusiasm for about one and a half hours, and after the song ‘“The Old Granite State’ sucharush _

to Speak to us I never have often witnessed. _ I have just returned from the Parlor where Jesse & Judson | have been Singing the ‘’Vulture of the Alps.’’ Music by Jud‘son. It is most a thrilling composition. I think it is as interesting |

as anything like music that I have ever heard. Oo |

| But the Concert of last night is what I think of! If ever an | audience went away from our concerts with high emmotions _

of Joy, it was the audience of last night. _

| _ Success throughout New England or even Boston did not guaran-

tee audiences and applause in a New York City that was already , __ the nation’s entertainment capital. The Hutchinsons were the newest _

act in town, largely unheralded, and it is not surprising that for the first concert the audience was relatively sparse and newspaper reviewers elsewhere. An exception was the New York Tribune, maybe

the only paper one would expect to be biased in favor of the singers. Its editor, Horace Greeley (1811-1872), had been born near Milford

in Amherst, and brother Jesse may have been a friend of his even

before the quartet’s appearance in the city. In any case, given | Greeley’s radical, reformist politics, he likely heard the Hutchinsons

_ first at either the antislavery or temperance convention and attended | _ the concert (or sent a reviewer) as a result of heightened interest. |

The review appeared on 15 May. 7 a

, 4 According to John W. Moore’s Encyclopedia of Music (Boston: Jewett, 1854) | | ; a ‘‘voluntary’’ then, as now, was an organ piece for a religious service, of , ‘‘gravity and solemnity of style,’’ usually with an element of improviza-

126 | ;

tion. The Hutchinsons’ voluntaries were not sacred, surely not for the organ,

and one wonders about the degree, if any, of extemporare. Later references — in these journals confirm that our understanding of this term is incomplete. .

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INTERCHAPTER TWO a (T)his enchanting songstress reminded him of the fairy inthe _

| story who dropped pearls every time she opened her mouth— pearls, too, in this case, more precious than the one Cleopatra © | dissolved in wine, and more gratifying to the sense of hearing

than her’s to the taste. oo Sadly, many missed this treat, as those who might also have been fatigued by the day’s events and heat declined to attend, — making for a smaller house than expected. Altogether the con-

cert was a memorable one for the Hutchinsons but not an

especial pecuniary success. , a

The following week they resumed their antislavery jaunts, | this time to New Bedford and Nantucket. In addition to the two-day meeting at the former, there was also a public concert. But at Nantucket, on the 23rd, after the first day of the meeting, the singers contracted a form of influenza and were _ _ forced to postpone their scheduled concerts, to be made up

later in September. _

John stated that Asa met his wife-to-be, Elizabeth B. Chace,

on this first trip to Nantucket. Asa in his book does not date | the first meeting quite so precisely, rather telling us only that —

| while on tour “‘he had been entertained in a family, some _ | members of which were Quakers, a branch of which, a young.

lady, attracted his attention. A mutual attachment was the | result.’ Asa typically told us little of his relationship with Liz- | zie. We do not know even if 1843 was the year in which they

met. If so, he was not smitten immediately: the journals _ through 1844 continue to chronicle trips to Nelson, New Hampshire, and visits with the ‘‘Miss Enigma’”’ there. Yet it — does not appear the Hutchinsons visited Nantucket on any other occasion before 1845, when Miss Chace finally shows up in these journals. Most likely, they met in 1843 and, perhaps _

grew slowly. Be , OO

- asaresult of her youth (fifteen years of age), the relationship Home by the first of July, the Hutchinsons settled down to © some farming. There were still invitations to give concerts though, including one from Mrs. M.M. Brooks, Secretary of the Concord (MA) Female Anti-Slavery Society, who wanted

- 158

the Hutchinsons to be the centerpiece of a fair she planned |

OF TRIUMPHS AND EXPERIENCE

for the third week in July. Mrs. Brooks wrote of her plans and hopes to Maria Chapman (“‘the soul of the Boston Female AntiSlavery Society’’): I have applied to the Hutchinsons to come and give a Concert. I think they would do well to come. I wrote for them to come this week, but have received no answer from them... . A thought has crossed my mind whether they would not come and give a concert the evening before the fair, and then stay the next day and occasionally give us a song through the day. Ihave such a horrible dread of asking favors for myself or anybody else that I did not feel boldness enough to do it without consulting you first. What do you think of it. Please tell me. I want to do something mighty, horrible and earthquake, burst a volcano, or do something or other to attract attention to this fair.

Surely in hope that Mrs. Chapman would intervene with the Hutchinsons on her behalf, she added: P.S. The Rainers made 75 dollars by coming to Concord. Perhaps the Hutchinsons would do equally well.

No record exists to verify that the fair took place or that the Hutchinsons sang in Concord that month. In fact, the itinerary shows nothing at all for July and only a few appearances at antislavery picnics and temperance meetings in August. The quiet of the summer was broken only by the sound of wedding bells, which rang out for Judson in August. On the

7th he “‘migrated to a neighboring State to evade being published; and. . . drove home his bride. . . [taking] his relations by surprise.’’ Apparently his midnight flight to Sally of the year before had not done the trick because his chosen was rather a Miss Jerusha P. Hutchinson, also of Milford, and distantly related. In September, the quartet began their most extended tour to date. Starting on familiar turf at Lowell, they made up for the postponed concerts in Nantucket and New Bedford, went to Providence for four concerts, up through Worcester, and 159

INTERCHAPTER TWO

| returned to Albany and Troy, no longer unknown, now

heralded. The Albany Argus: — | | We were among those (and we are glad to be able to say there

| were a great many of us) who had the pleasure of listening to this gifted portion of a musically given family of thirteen (sons and daughters) from the Granite State, on Monday evening, at the Female Academy. We have not seen a fuller house,

| nor one more enthusiastic in their applause, since the Rainers sung there:—And indeed it is difficult to say which of these

‘‘families’’ excel, either in power, volume, correct intonation, | or expression—though it may be safely affirmed, that where

either adhere to themes that have an “‘odor of nationality’’ about them, the native have of course the advantage, before an audience of their own countrymen. Many of the pieces were

the compositions (founded on some popular theme) of the

elder Hutchinson, and were exceedingly well adapted to the , capacities of the company, and very effectively, and to our taste, very satisfactorily sung. And so, we infer, thought the

audience, who were as discriminating as they were emphatic | in showing it. Their voices, in concert, blend very sweetly, each part at the same time having its own peculiar quality of sound,

and for that reason making itself distinctly traceable through all the evolutions of the harmony, without any overtasking of the lungs—the leading voice being all the while prominent, as it should be, not so much from its superior loudness, but from its pure, brilliant and instrument-like tone. The combination

improved. ,

| of voices, in point of quality, indeed could scarcely be _

similar in tone. | So

Other reviews may have had different focuses, but all were

By mid-October the Hutchinsons were again in the New York City area where they stayed for the next two months,

giving at least twenty-two concerts. | , Companies of Opera singers have come and gone, but still the —

_ Hutchinsons remain; which shows that the patronage given to them at first has never been withdrawn. On the contrary

we understand their audiences increase so that itis at times __

160 oe |

OF TRIUMPHS AND EXPERIENCE

difficult to obtain seats for all. We are glad of it—they are good

singers—careful, in the selection of their songs to introduce nothing immoral, and well deserve the applause they receive.

By the time of the last two concerts at Niblo’s some thought: . .. they achieved a triumph in many respects more brilliant and more creditable to their talents, than that of any other vocalists who have ever visited our city. Each of these “‘farewell’’ concerts attracted full houses of more

than 1200! and at fifty cents per ticket revenues of more than $600!

Music publishers realized that numbers like these could translate into profits if sheet music ‘‘by”’ or ‘‘as sung by’’ the Hutchinson Family were available for sale. Accordingly, at least thirteen such pieces were published around that time: ‘’Axes to Grind,”’ ““Cape Ann,” ‘’Excelsior,’’ ‘“Go Call the Doctor, and Be Quick, or Anti-Calomel,’’ ‘“The Grave of Bonaparte,’ “King Alcohol,’’ ‘““My Mother’s Bible,’’ ‘“The Old Granite State,’” ““Our Father’s Hearth,”’ ‘“The Snow Storm,”’ ‘’“Vesper Song at Sea,”’ ““The Vulture of the Alps,’”’ and ‘“We’re All Cutting.’” Exact documentation has not been possible to come by,

but sales were not insignificant, to gather from the number of copies still extant. This was especially the case for ‘“The Old

Granite State,’” which came to enjoy such popularity that its

tune was later proposed as the national anthem. Their programs during this period manifest new repertorydevelopment and programming. That of their “‘first’’ farewell

concert on the 4th of December, published as part of their newspaper advertisement, will serve for sample. 1The Tribune reported an audience of more than 1500 while the New York _ Courier and Enquirer felt there could not have been less than 2000. Niblo’s advertised its capacity at 1200 however. Figures like this may have been commonplace for the Hutchinsons during this time. Early in their New York stay, the Albany Knickerbocker (2 October 1843) reported that as ‘‘a sample of their success we would state that at their concert in New York last week the receipts amounted to $750.’’ In order that the reader might appreciate the significance of this figure, the Knickerbocker noted that that exceeded the revenue for Henry Russell’s concert the night before by “’260 dollars 75 cents.” 161

| Part I

INTERCHAPTER TWO |

- Quartette—Blow on! Blow on!—A Pirate’s Glee -

Quartette—The Land of Washington - | Quartette—The Grave of Bonaparte , |

| Ballad—The Irish Emigrant’s Lament

~ Part I : 7 ,

New Song—We’re with you Once Again a . | Quartette—Once on a Time; or, The Origin of Yankee Doodle >

Quartette—We are Happy and Free ,

_Trio—Rockaway , , New Quartette—Excelsior | , Oo Part Il

Quartette—Westward Ho! : | : | | _ New Quartette—My Mother’s Bible | .

Solo—The Maniac , Finale—The Old Granite State a

As applause after each song forced encores, the singers likely substituted other favorites, generally comic in nature, making

| for a concert with twenty or more different pieces. = | At least two points should strike the reader here. One is the total absence of songs with a political or reform message. The | conditions of the concert itself might have had some todo with

this. Farewell concerts were expected to be bigger, more | memorable, perhaps more entertaining. But a review of the _ programs of ‘‘lesser’’ concerts during the period shows little difference in programming: no antislavery and only an occasional temperance song was advertised. True, the Hutchinsons did sometimes sing their political songs as encores; this allowed them the freedom of their message in song, without ,

_ frightening an audience before they had their money. Yet,as it was not in the nature of loudly-principled reformers to ap- __ | preciate subtlety in the device of gentle persuasion, we may safely accuse the Hutchinsons of being more musicians and

entertainers than singers of antislavery and reform when they | do not take the stance of convictions in their advertising. The | ‘Hutchinsons in New York remained largely closet reformers.

162 |

Secondly, the type of songs programmed has changed quite |

OF TRIUMPHS AND EXPERIENCE

dramatically. Only ‘‘Blow on! Blow on!”’ is left of the pastoral, ‘“Alpine’’ glee-tradition, once the staple of their repertory. The

descriptive songs in the old vein are also missing, with ‘“The Maniac’’ the single exception. ‘“Westward Ho!” does maintain the tradition to some extent, yet with a new degree of involvement on the part of a listener; one who might have felt that ‘The Maniac’”’ and ‘“The Snow Storm’’ concerned someone else, now sensed in this song “‘that could be me!”’ Cheer up brothers as we go, O’er the mountains westward ho! When we’ve wood and prairie land, Won by our toil We'll reign like Kings in fairy land, Lords of the soil Then westward ho in legions boys!

Taking the places of these types of songs is the sentimental ballad, sometimes sung as a solo, sometimes arranged in a quartet. Pieces that venerate (‘The Land of Washington’’), worship fondly but from a distance (‘“My Mother’s Bible’), express hopes (‘’Excelsior’’), or are poignant with loneliness (‘“Rockaway’’) make up the new programs. With this transition, the Hutchinsons jumped into the heart of the 1840s. It should not surprise that the poets of these songs’ texts were among the leaders of the movement towards the sentimental, Henry W. Longfellow, Henry John Sharpe, and especially, George P. Morris. A tradition of reverence for “‘that which isn’t,’’ obliquely related to European romanticism, would characterize American poetry and provide subject matter for Hutchinson Family songs for decades to come. The Hutchinson Family Singers had now become polished performers, giving smooth, respectable, ‘’professional”’ performances of the day’s most fashionable music, in the largest, most cosmopolitan cities in America.

After a two-week rest in Milford at the very end of 1843, they resumed their tour, and picked up their journals again with the beginning of 1844. 163

BLANK PAGE

PART III:

““Music Rings’’

oe 1 JANUARY — 19 MAY 1844

BLANK PAGE

I JANUARY - 19 MAY 1844

Philadelphia, Pa. January 1st, 1844 ‘“A happy New Year’’ this is to me, for Iam well, have found

friends in this large city of ‘‘Regularity,’’ have left kind and warm friends at home in the ‘‘Granite State’’ whom we ex-

pect to see before many months have passed away, have escaped from many dangerous threatnings of the Grim Monster Death, was not drowned on Long Island Sound as I feared we should be on the evening of the 30th of December, 1843 (Saturday Eve) while on our passage from Boston to New York in the Steamboat ‘’Mohigan.’’ And after escaping without

injury all the liabilities that we have been prone to the past Year, I feel as though I could say ‘“A Happy New Year’’ once

more and thank the kind Being who rules all for his tender mercies towards me, My Parents, Brothers and Sisters, Relations, friends and acquaintances. I do hope that I may spend this year (1844) with (if kind Providence allows me to live) more general benefit to myself and

my fellows. I wish that I might forsake all that is evil. I trust I shall refrain from Profanity and every immoral thought or act. I entertain a desire to treat my Brothers and Sisters better and to respect the ‘Good old Parents,’’ Jesse & Mary, and heed their advise and not be instrumental in bringing them down to the tomb with sorrow. If I live another year may I improve in every respect, and while

I tarry in this ‘’vale of tears’’ I trust I may fit myself to leave

for that happy place above where evil is banished and the “weary are at rest.” Philadelphia, Pa. January 2, 1844, Tuesday P.M. Appearance of a snowstorm. Here we are in our chamber. Judson eating an apple, John holding his pen and about to write in his “‘Journal’’ and Abby is doing likewise. Kitridge is ruamaging over his papers as he is the man of ‘’business.’’? 1Zephaniah Kittredge Hutchinson, like John, Asa, Judson, and other Hutchinsons, was named after an important local person, Dr. Zephaniah Kittredge of Mont Vernon. He will serve as advance agent for the next year and a half. His brothers address him by both his Christian names in these pages. 167

“MUSIC RINGS”’ . I feel thankful that we are all well so as to be about our respective business. Since we left home we have encountered much, having been tossed about on the waves of Long Island Sound. Oh, a terrible night we had on the 30th of December, Saturday Evening on board of the Steamboat ‘“Mohegan”’ while on her passage

from New London to New York. oO

We left home N.H. Friday Morning, arrived at Boston at ¥ past 3 o’clock P.M., took railroad cars for Stonington, Conn. Went on board the Steamboat Mohegan at about 8 o’clock in the Evening. Retired to rest in our births, slept grandly and awoke in the morning thinking we were in New York, when, Lo! we had not started from the Stonington wharf. The sea was exceeding rough. The passengers pressing the Captain,

he at last ‘‘got up steam’’ and went as far as New London and there stopped, the passengers being willing to stop. The Ladies being quite sick and the waves going mountain high. We lay at New London till Saturday Evening 8 o’clock when

we left and arrived in New York Sunday morning. | Took breakfast at ‘“Graham House”’ and left for Philadelphia at 9 A.M. arrived in this city at 4 o’clock P.M., after some difficulty found our Boardinghouse which is No. 99 Arch Street.?

Judson was sick, but the “‘old resort’’? cured him. Yesterday visited Antislavery Rooms‘ and today also, beside

numerous other places. Sent letter home today. | Philadeiphia. January 2, 1844 Tuesday evening Our old friend and townsman Luther Wallace? was here this evening and stopped with us one or two hours. He is creeping along on to old age. He has been, since he left Milford, a resident in Baltimore eight years and of Philadelphia six years. His occupation at present is in the Stereotype. No! Not “Lydia Suplee operated the boarding house at 99 Mulberry (Arch) Street. SThomsonian medicine? Lobelia inflata? *The Pennsylvania Anti-Slavery Society had offices at 31 North 5th Street. 5(1792-1858), then living at 118 Coates in Philadelphia. He was reportedly

an expert clarinetist. 168

1 JANUARY - 19 MAY 1844

Stereotype, but the Type foundry, in one of the principle streets of this city. Just now, a loud alarm of fire and we had the pleasure of listning to the horrid cries of the unprincipled, immoral fireman. Philadelphia has a large circle of Moral people, but the firemen are the most outrageous persons that are known

in this republic. How heart-rending it is to hear their unhallowed cries as they pass by our room in a fiendish manner, profane and uncalled for expressions continually escaping their

lips. Oh! it is frightful indeed. May the time come when all that are so grossly wicked shall see their evil ways and turn to the God of the Creation. The Boys have just retired to rest, and Abby too. Judson is in bed. I have a slight cough. We sing tomorrow evening at the Musical fund hall, Locust Street,® for the first time in Philadelphia. We pay for the hall $40 dollars, quite high. O, this is a world of sin. I think we never shall find true rest till we meet in heaven. We may have a few sensual enjoyments but no true happiness till we rest in heaven. There is happiness, however, even in this world in doing good. Yet I trust that the righteous will find in “‘that bright world to which we go’’ happiness that no tongue can express. Philadelphia, Jan. 3, 1844 Wednesday Soon we shall be before a Phil. audience at the Musical Fund Hall. We do not expect a large audience but think that free tickets and all may amount to two or three hundred. This day has, for the most part, been stormy. But towards

night the sun shone forth and continued so till it was lost behind the western hills. Judson has felt very uneasy today in thinking of the ‘‘affairs of home,’’ but he will soon move from the embaresment and breath free. 6Philadelphia’s Musical Fund Society was established in 1820 as an organization of the city’s professional and amateur musicians. Its objects were: ‘‘to

cultivate and diffuse a musical taste. And secondly, to afford relief to its necessitous professional members and their families.’’ The Society’s Hall was built in 1824. 169

“MUSIC RINGS”’ , Our antislavery friend McKim has sold 35 tickets and our friend Neall bought 20.7 We may therefore, it being pleasant weather, pay our expenses. We are continuously picking up something in the line of music. I have not been out of the house today. We do not give another concert till a week from tonight. We have most excellent accomodations at this, our boarding

house. We had a talk today of the probable result of our attempt to live in Community Street, Kitredge pointing out a plan of the Street where the Hall is. Judson and John are playing ‘“The Last Rose of Summer”’ and ‘‘Evening.’’ I almost tremble to think of the concert tonight. Concert is over and it is eleven o’clock. Iam standing by _ the fire with a preperation for the bed, having my clothes off. We had a very exciting time after the concert. A rush of half of the audience to our room. We had about two or three hundred present and one of the most enthusiastic audience ever

I saw. I must retire or I shall take cold. |

This world is in ruins Jan. 4th, 1844!! Sin, we are all prone to. Mankind are capricious and change their thoughts from

things of a solemn cast to those of folley! |

—Philadelphia Public Ledger, 4 January 1844 The Hutchinson Family gave their first concert last evening, at the Musical Fund Hall. There are four of these persons, one of whom is quite a young girl. All of them are excellent singers. Their performances are something in the style of the Rainers; but the Hutchinsons have greater versatility of talent, for they

sentimental. |

both sing and play in an admirable style, comic as well as | The audience testified their approbation by the most en-

thusiastic applause. |

7James Miller McKim (1810-1874), a founder of the American Anti-Slavery

Society, was Corresponding Secretary of the Pennsylvania Anti-Slavery Society. Daniel Neall Jr., a dentist who shared with his father an office down the street from the Hutchinsons at 325 Mulberry, was also actively involv-

ed in the antislavery movement. 170

l JANUARY - 19 MAY 1844

Philadelphia, Jan. 4th, 1844 Thursday This has been a pleasant day although it has been rather cloudy and windy. I have not ventured out of the house today. Seldom it is that [remain within doors so long at a time. But I am at the present tired of running about and worrying myself with things that do not concern me. Our respected friend A. Converse, Editor of the Philadelphia ‘Christian Observer’ called upon us this morning and extended an invitation to us to take tea with him tomorrow evening. I think we shall not go, as it is so tedious to have to conform to formalities of our acquaintances who live in the high Aristocratic Style. But our friend is from our Native State. Oh, well, that may be, but the truth is the Hutchinsons cannot talk as well as they sing and all our friends know it, so when we visit their houses they frequently request us to give them some of our ‘’Excellent Harmony.’’ Now this is not always pleasant to us, especially when practicing for our concerts all day. We are very excitable. We must learn to say no!

It is hard but we must adopt it. But the “Second Sober thought’’® I take, and think, that we must visit our good friend

as he is from the Granite State, is a teetotaler and a Christian, and will give us good advice. Oh, it is pleasant to have the Christian for our friend and I hope that we may ever conduct ourselves as to meet the countinance of the moral and religious portions of Society. We have

thus far. May we ever! Maybe the Hutchinsons felt better about their obligation after the column Rev. Converse wrote for his newspaper’s January 5th edition. As reference, he quoted a ‘‘correspondent in Brooklyn, who is a proficient in the science of music,’’ and who had nothing but

high praises to sing. Some importance should be attached to this 8An expression commonly used in political discourse of the late 1830s and after, suggesting an incorrigible trust in the sober logic of the democratic process. The evidence offered here indicates it had worked its way into the vernacular, with more general implications. 171

‘MUSIC RINGS”’ | ““puff,’’ for the readers of the Christian Observer—‘‘the sober and

religious portion of the community’’—were potential audience members at Hutchinson Family concerts—‘’‘a place where a Christian may be, and not feel that he is doing wrong; for while all their songs are chaste, some are entirely addressed to the pious feelings of the heart.’”’

We made an arrangement last night with the Philharmonic Society to sing Tuesday evening with them, and they give us the M[usical] F[und] Hall for Thursday Evening Gratis. O, a beautiful hall it is! “Twill accomodate 15 hundred, one of the best in U.S.? ‘Tis night! Judson, John, Abby playing a dirge. [???] happy. Philadelphia, Jan. 5th, 1844 Friday 12% past o’clock M.

A very fine sunshiny day, but the wind is very rough and cold. We have had quite a long walk this morning with our friend Palmer?® and his sister. Have visited the old ‘“United States Bank’’ where the thousands that thought themselves

secured in regard to their property lost all they had for many | years toiled to collect. Palmer’s Father lost thirty thousand dollars, Henry Russell, the vocalist, thirty thousand. Thousands of individuals met this sad fate, whose names to me are unknown. The Second Bank of the United States was chartered in 1816 by Congress. Like the First Bank, it served as a repository for government reserves and as a fiscal agent for the government and com°Story of the Hutchinsons added that fifty dollars was the fee received in addition to the free use of the hall (1:96). In spite of best efforts the Palmers remain unidentified. There are subsequent references here to G., Fanny, and Edward Palmer, probably all related, but exactly how and where is unclear. The Philadelphia Directory lists an

Edward Palmer, attorney, at 126 Walnut, who might be the patriarch. John heard a different figure: ‘‘thirteen thousand dollars.’’ (Story of the Hutchinsons, 1:98.) 172

I JANUARY - 19 MAY 1844

mercial enterprise. Especially after Nicholas Biddle (1786-1844) became President in 1823, the bank was viewed with increasing suspicion by Western and agrarian interests, who felt it favored Eastern commercial classes. In fact, its policies did support trade and industrialization by underwriting a system of credit that encouraged capitalization in the East rather than development (or speculation, depending on the point of view) in the West. At issue were really two views of the world: one derived from Jeffersonian democracy, with a rural, agrarian, individualistic philosophy; the other after Alexander Hamilton, who foresaw an America vibrant with trade, commerce, industry, business. With the election of Andrew Jackson in 1828 the anti-bank faction came to power. The “‘Bank War’’ that ensued boiled over in 1832

when Congress voted the re-charter of the Bank and Jackson cast his veto, in the process aligning himself and his party with the exploited masses, against the moneyed, pro-bank capitalists. By the time the original charter ran out in 1836, the feud between the bank and the government was perceived by the nation to have undermined the economy; the Panic the following year only confirmed the public’s belief. And much of the responsibility for subsequent want in the fabled New World of plenty was pinned on the bank and its director. Still Biddle managed to have the bank re-chartered as the United _ States Bank of Pennsylvania in 1836, thereby maintaining its position as an important financial institution. Depressions in Europe as well as the United States, crop failures in 1838, and other economic problems kept pressure on the bank, leading eventually to its collapse on 4 February 1841. At that time investors holding 350,000 shares in the institution lost an estimated twenty-five million dollars.

There is, incidentally, no way now to prove or disprove Asa’s understanding of the magnitude of Henry Russell’s loss. Russell says not a word of any bank investment in Cheer, Boys, Cheer!, and thir-

ty thousand dollars is a great many tickets at fifty cents each, all of which might suggest exaggerated lore.

We visited the building called the United States Mint but the machinery being out of order, we were not admitted. I could but notice the difference, in the construction of houses, between this city and the Eastern cities. Here in the houses of the most finished streets where the fashionable and 173

“MUSIC RINGS”’

rich people reside, we notice white marble door steps and the front of the basement story is made of pure marble which is

very fine. The window blinds are painted board shutters, similar to those of the stone houses but within the house are curtain blinds made similar to the out-door blinds of the New England houses. Then in addition to these they have the common inside shutter, and a large rich silk curtain which makes

the fourth guard to the window. |

We learned today that Girard, ‘‘the rich man,’’ was worth 13 millions when he died and willed it to the City of Philadelphia. He was like most rich men, very parsimonious. But he did more. He treated his wife badly which caused her death, and when dead he suffered her to be buried in the Potters Grave Yard.'!2 Oh, dear, I am half sick. Sort of head ache. I

must stop.

| | _ Saturday Philadelphia, Jan. 6th, 1844

Oh, what a day we have had today! The day has been beau-

tiful, the sun shining pleasantly all day. The rough wind of

yesterday had subsided. A cool sharp air, etc. os

Here we are now and it is Saturday Evening 10 o’clock in our chamber. Judson just gone to bed. Kitridge is taking pills. John says let’s go to bed. Abby is making some little thing

by my side. a

We have visited this A.M. with our friend Neall (by his kindness in his carriage) the Laurel Hill Cemetery about two miles from the city, ‘‘Girard’s Colledge’ next and third, the ‘’Fair-

mont’’ Water works at the north of the city, after which returned to our house where we took a good dinner, and after spending some little time in practicing music we went to our friend’s (James Swain) house in Arch St. near Juniper. His big instrument called the ‘Orchestra’ entertained us an hour Stephen Girard (1750-1831), merchant, financier, banker, actually willed. $500,000 to the city, and established a trust of six million dollars to be administered by the city for the education of poor white orphan boys. Girard College, under construction in 1844, was built from this fund. His wife suffered from mental illness and died in an asylum. Her death occurred during a time when there was no Potter’s (pauper’s) graveyard

in Philadelphia. |

174

I JANUARY - 19 MAY 1844

with its excellent music. He made it to play 6 overtures in the

real orchestral style representing every kind of instrument. Oh! ‘Twas fine! James Swain was a doctor who made a great deal of money concocting and selling popular patent medicines, enough in fact to import from Europe an Orchestrion, a sort of giant music box. In such a device: All the instruments of the orchestra were represented, the com-

pass being from the deepest note of the contra bass to the highest note of the piccolo. Six hundred pipes represented the

full string quartet. Flute and piccolo, trombone, bassoon, trumpet, French horn, clarinet and oboe were represented by one hundred and seventy reed pipes. There were, in addition, bass and kettle-drums, cymbals, triangle and castanet. The firm of Michael Welte and Sons in Freiburg, Germany manufactured many of these and would later exchange the drum with tangs

that operated the mechanism for a paper roll with holes, making the player piano possible.

5% o’clk returned home and took tea or all but tea. But Judson, John and Kitredge could not be satisfied without indulg-

ing in two or three cups of strong tea each. This Saturday evening Michel & Burleigh® called on us, friends of Mr. Smith of Brooklyn, very pleasant people. Next after their leave came a Mr. S. Ward who claimed to be a “Granite State Man.’’ They pleased with many smooth words. He is an acquaintance of Luther Wallace. He has gone home.

Fell in going through the passage way. Light went out. Abby has gone to bed and Judson, John and K. also. We feel rather dross this evening but it is wrong. I think of the hills of New Hampshire and of the true one left there, parents, brothers, sisters, etc. 13Charles C. Burleigh (1810-1878), a leading writer, speaker, and thinker of the antislavery movement, was then editing the Pennsylvania Freeman, the organ of the Pennsylvania Anti-Slavery Society. Visually he cut a dashing figure with his long hair, curled in ringlets, and eccentric clothing. ‘‘Michel’’ is unidentified. 175

“MUSIC RINGS”’

goodnight. a

I must retire, noise in street, goodnight, kind friends,

oe Sunday Philadelphia, Jan. 7th, 1844

A glorious day this. ‘Tis now 3 o’clock p.m. oe

The boys fussing with a rope. We have not been to church today. But we go this evening with our friend Luther Wallace. Zepheniah having shaved me. I closed a letter and superscribed it to our dear Brother Andrew B. in Bonds in Boston." Bells just rang for P.M. services. Ain’t you going to sing, John says. We go to take tea with Luther W. This is a day of

rest. but thousands make it a day of pleasure, folly and madness. Turkey for dinner, beautiful sunshine this P.M. No happiness in doing wrong. Come, Asa, let’s go, Kitridge says. Well,

we can, must and will improve. a Youth will make us free. © Mankind are weak mortals.

Philadelphia, Jan. 8th, 1844

| Monday Another sunshine day and quite cold. | 8th of January, the time that Gen. Jackson fought the battle at New Orleans and now today in this city thousands are to celebrate it in such ways as they think honourable to the old

man Jackson. _ | |

9 o'clock Monday evening. Kitridge, Judson, John, Asa and

Abby are all around the little table in our room at house of the Good Quakeress Supplee, No. 99 Arch Street, before a

and writing. ;

good old-fashioned wood fire and are attending to reading | We have been very rude tonight, and I sometimes think that

we do not try to reform, but our hours of nonsense are not so frequent as they might be, and as we are candid most of

at this, time. 176

14Andrew (1808-1860) was a hardware dealer in Boston who had apparent-

ly suffered a financial reversal, although the nature of it is not clear. Whatever his problem, it was not necessary for him to file for bankruptcy

1 JANUARY - 19 MAY 1844

the time I wish to excuse myself for a few hours occasionally

in glee. But I’ve no doubt it is very wrong and I hope that we may turn from it. If we had good hard farm work to do we should not be so earnest to be playing and making nonsensical remarks.

Philadelphia, Jan. 8th, 1844 Monday Eve. Soon we shall be on our couches of rest! How thankful we ought to be to know that we have been spared so long, while thousands around us have been called away to that place from which no traveler returns. Yes, we must thank our kind father in heaven. We are at this present moment enjoying perfect health. Our food is good and we eat very hearty of it. Quite obviously the Hutchinsons relished their victuals, given the

frequency they mention food and eating in these pages. A new restaurant had recently opened in Philadelphia, operated by a Mr. M. Donadi, who placed an advertisement in the newspapers that included, most interestingly, the menu. Because it is such a good indication of the foods available to the traveler and relative cost, it is reproduced here. AMERICAN LUNCH

No. 83 South Second Street Philadelphia. The subscriber having opened this establishment on the New York plan, hopes to receive a share of public patronage. BILL OF FARE. DINNER

Roast Beef 6 cents Chicken Pot Pie 12 cents

Roast Lamb 6 cents Corned Beef 6 cents Roast Veal 6 cents Pork and Beans 6 cents

Roast Pork 6 cents Beef Soup 6 cents | Roast Chicken 15 cents Mutton Soup 6 cents Roast Goose 18 cents Chicken Soup 6 cents Roast Turkey 28 cents Veal Pie 6 cents 177

‘MUSIC RINGS”’ | Roast Duck 18 cents Meat Pie 6 cents Roast Pig 12 cents Boiled Fish 6 cents DESSERT

Plumb Pudding 6cents Apple Pie 6 cents Indian Pudding 6 cents Plum Pie 6 cents Suet Pudding 6 cents Peach Pie 6 cents Bread Pudding 6 cents Apple Dumplings 6 cents Rice Pudding 6 cents Mince Pie 6 cents Custurd Pie 6 cents

BREAKFAST AND TEA , Beef Steak 6 cents Hot Corn Bread 6 cents Veal Cutlet 6 cents Indian Cakes 6 cents Mutton Chops 6 cents Boiled Eggs 6 cents

Ham and Eggs __ 18 cents Fried Eggs 6 cents Fried Tripe 6 cents Broiled Mackerel 6 cents

Fried Sausages 6 cents Buckwheat Cakes 3 cents

Fried Fish 6 cents Toast | 3 cents

Fried Clams 6 cents Hot Muffins 6 cents Fried Liver 6cents _— Hot Rolls 6 cents Fried Shad 6 cents Tea and Coffee 3 cents

Fish Balls 6 cents Extra Bread 3 cents

Several bits of information apply to these journals. For one, it is clear

from the menu that ‘‘tea-time’’ was an occasion for a light meal, much as in some parts of the world still today. Then, when the Hut-

, chinsons casually mention ‘‘turkey for dinner,’’ as earlier here, not only was the meal a special one, to look at the menu and its prices, but they now possessed the means to afford the most expensive item on the menu. Compare this to the roast pig and shad they were having in New York in 1842. With the change in fortune came a change

in diet. |

We went this afternoon to see the Type foundry where our Luther works. It was very curious to see the manner that the types were molded. But one type is made at a “‘dip.’’ The lead is kept over a little furnace in a small iron kettle by the bench of the workman and is kept continually heated, ready for use. The workman holds his ‘dipper’’ or spoon in right hand, the mold in his left. On dipping his spoon into the pot he carries the boiling liquid immediately to the mold in which he upsets 178

I JANUARY - 19 MAY 1844

the contents of his “‘ladle’’ and immediately tossing the mold into the air it forms the type intended by the gage in the mold, and is after this process thrown out in a solid state. Being quite rough the types are all passed through trusty hands, scraped

and polished, when they are ready for the Printer. It was really very interesting to us. Even the Wine Bridge oer the Schuylkill is not any more surprising then the formation of Types. ‘’Girard Colledge’’ with its 34 marble pillars,

marble roof and sides and fronts did not astonish me more then the peculiar manner of making types. Mankind have

sought out many improvements! |

A great lecture Sunday Evening at the Baptist meetinghouse. First rate, good old fashioned time at Luther Wallaces. The supper was good, the folks, Luther, Mary Syrene, were good, and the lecture after that was as great as J ever heard. This evening Rev. Mr. Jones?* called on us. Fine man.

The boys have gone to bed, Abby is by me. I must retire, must improve. Philadelphia, Jan. 9th, 1844 Tuesday Oh! this day is a cold one. Cloudy and every appearance of a bad storm. This morning I feel rather sober. I have just returned from the Barbers Shop where I was shaved with Judson and John. I have this morning thought that we had better not have our concert admission fees too high for by thus doing we keep away all the poor and laboring classes who have souls pure as the Monied Class and who would enjoy music as much, and be profited by its good influence as much if not more. 15John Hutchinson reported the lecture to be ‘‘The True Matrimonial Rela-

tions of Man and Woman,” with appropriate criticisms of the ‘‘manners and shortcomings of the present civilization’’ (Story of the Hutchinsons, 1:99).

It was delivered by Rev. Gideon Bryant Perry, minister of the New Market Street Baptist Church, a fellow native of New Hampshire, who eventually settled in Cleveland, Ohio, where the Hutchinsons visited with him during their peregrinations to the West in the 1850s and later. 16The only minister with this name in Philadelphia at that time was Rev. Joseph H. Jones, of the Sixth Presbyterian Church. 179

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I believe it is wrong to exclude the laboring class by having the price of admission far beyond their means. A laboring man cannot afford to pay fifty cents to hear vocal music when he has a large family to support who take his all. But still a great point: We cannot be so free to sing high and lofty sentiments to an audience when we feel bound to sing to their Pockets instead of their hearts. If we sing expressly for the money,

we cannot advance one step towards reform only as our Aristocratic audiences lead. What a deplorable condition. We

are in this case slaves to sordid dust.

If I know my own heart, I know that I am selfish, very selfish,

but I do think that I could do away with a great part of the evil by a strict adherence to Christian truth. I feel as though this earth was not our home frequently, and when I do then is the time that I feel determined to do what I can for the good of my species and for all the human family, regardless of that

treasure that moth and rust will corrupt and thieves steal.!” But the cares of this world check this feeling of humanity.

Oh, I am a poor, weak sinner! |

Asa’s concern was a noble one, of course, but would not just yet lead to a reduction in ticket prices: admission to a concert in metropolitan areas continued to be fifty cents. Only in the late 1840s was the price dropped by half, and in the 1850s tickets would commonly be even less expensive at 1212 cents. As noted elsewhere in this text, John also kept a journal, since lost, but one that he relied upon to write some of the parts of his autobiography. His entry for the 9th of January, quoted in his book, so closely paralleled some of Asa’s thoughts, that we must believe the Hutchinsons were discussing among themselves responsibilities to their audience: Why are we highly privileged so much above our fellowmen?

Is it because we are better than they? No. We must give an account for all the blessings that we have in this world. I fear sometimes we don’t realize the responsibility that is resting 7A reference to Matthew 6:20: ‘‘But lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where neither moth nor rust doth corrupt, and where thieves do

not break through nor steal.’’ | | 180

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upon us. God help us to conquer our passions and prejudices, worldly honors and fame, for they will perish when God taketh away the soul; then we shall want a friend that sticketh closer

than a brother.

Philadelphia, Jan. 10th, 1844 Wednesday The sun is not yet up. It is quite cloudly and I think the snowstorm of yesterday is not yet over. About three inches of snow on the ground. Judson and I arose quite early this morning, built a fire in the good old fashioned way, having plenty of hard dry wood and a good open fire place to enjoy ourselves by. It is very seldom that we get more excited than what we were last evening at the concert given under the management of the Philharmonic Society. We made an engagement with them, prepared for the concert by tuning our voices and changing our dress. At 7 o’clock Tuesday P.M. (It was storming very hard) we took a coach and were conveyed safely to the Musical

| Fund Hall. After spending %4 of an hour in hearing the Artists tune their respective instruments (which, by the way, was

very annoying) we moved in to the back seats of the ‘’Orchestra”’ after the society had taken theirs. A grand overture. Then came the ‘’Tug of War’’ with us. The audience were waiting in breathless silence to see and hear those characters of whom they had heard so much. We tuned our instruments carefully behind the little screen, then moved down the steps on to the stage amid the warm applause of a room-full of connoisseurs and amateurs. We sung the ‘’Grave of Bonaparte’”’

and retired. Such applause. Oh! ‘twas deafening. A hearty encore. We returned and sung ‘‘Happy and free,’’ retired, great applause. We then had a grand trumpet solo with variations—Norton— ‘twas good. Several songs by Mrs. E. Loder,!® good tones, no soul. 18Mrs. Edward J. Loder was the wife of the famous English composer of operas and other pieces of concert music. The Loders were then on a tour of the United States. 181

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After several almost soulless performances, we sung ‘’Rock-

away’’, a strong encore. We returned with Abby and sung ‘The Origin of Yankee Doodle.’’ Oh! what excitement this produced. Must repeat. No! Yes! No! Yes! After thunderous applause returned and sung ‘“Good Morning.’’ Great applause. Variations on piano, good. We closed the concert by singing the ‘‘Old Granite State.’’ A panic-struck audience. We

had good refreshments at home. Abby was sick. To gather from contemporary accounts, the Philharmonic Society was experimenting with its programming by inviting the Hutchinsons to perform. ‘’T’’ wrote to the United States Gazette: Mr. Editor:—It is most gratifying and refreshing, after the long

run of French and Italian singing we have had, to see a bill of fare, in our own native tongue, presented. . . . It seems the | services of the Hutchinson family have been secured, and if they are entitled to one half the praise bestowed upon them by the New York press, they certainly are a most extraordinary family, and no one should fail to hear them on Tuesday night. —

The responses of the reviewers indicate the experiment worked, and that Asa did not exaggerate in his assessment of the evening. The second Philharmonic Concert came off on Tuesday night

at Musical Fund Hall, and notwithstanding the extreme in- | clemency of the night, the vast Saloon was quite filled with taste, beauty and fashion. The instrumental department was | very strong, and the vocal varied and highly interesting— Norton, on his unrivalled trumpet, was as brilliant as usual;

Mrs. Lodor acquitted herself quite creditably, and the lady _

amateur on the piano received much applause; but pre- |

eminently successful over all others were the Hutchinson fami-

ly, a part of four brothers and sisters from the Granite State, (N.H.). Their performances being both vocal and instrumental, are entirely novel, and so popular and effective, that the | audience seemed loth to part with them even after the third

encore! | . Oo 182 |

This critique draws into clearer perspective aspects of the Hut- , chinsons’ style. The context of the Philharmonic Society concert

I JANUARY - 19 MAY 1844

series was that of ‘‘classical’’ music, although with a taste for the popular. (Such was the spirit in which most classical music of the period was written and performed in any case.) For the Hutchinsons to be successful at such a venue suggests at the very least their voices and instruments had acceptable polish and technique: the sonority of the folksong and the fiddle tune would have been considered most inappropriate. This should not surprise, though it does fly in the face of a common twentieth-century conceit that insists on seeing rural, early nineteenth-century people as primitives. Likely, the general population then was more knowledgeable and bettertrained in music than at any time in American history. The singing schools were endemic; many citizens took advantage of them to learn

to read music, and congregations were expected to sing three- and four-part hymns, often at sight. Although instrumental music may not yet have been as extensively cultivated, the Hutchinson boys were exemplary of the impulse that led many to play several instruments with apparent skill. As maintained earlier here regarding

composition, so now in performance: the Hutchinsons were accomplished professionals who knew their voices, instruments, techniques, and audiences.

Philadelphia, Jan. 11th, 1844 Thursday This is as glorious a sunshine day as we have since we left home. But the snow on the ground makes it rather cool. Am I not then eccentric? Perhaps I am. I am not so calm and collected as many of my species but I will try and reform. It is hard to keep from evil. But a true knowledge of the ‘“Holy Book’’ will redeem those who follow its teaching. A fine day this. I took a “walk out’’ this morning, went as

far as the barber shop where I stopped and having been shaved, I returned home. This evening we hold our second concert at the Musical Fund Hall. We hope to meet a large audience, and no doubt we shall

have.

It is about dinner time. |

The shocking case of a young man who shot himself a few nights since. He was at our concert on last Thursday with his Lady, to whom he was engaged to be married. His reason that 183

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he gave in a letter that he sent to his sister a few days before his death was that he was not able to support the young lady.

| Philadelphia, Jan. 12th, 1844 Friday Just looked from my chamber window, and now decide that

it is a very pleasant disagreeable day. The sun seems to be struggling to shine on the good people today, but the misty atmosphere sternly prevents it. I think, however, that the ‘‘Glorious orb of day’’ will make its appearance before it

reaches its meridian. ,

~ .Ohl! it is a cold frosty morning. The windows of the opposite

house are nearly covered with cold flakes of bitter frost. Well, the concert last night, Thursday, Jan. 11th, was a grand affair, so say our fellow boarders. The Musical Fund Hall was well filled by a tasteful, musical, respectable and highly gra-

tifyied auditory. It was all enthusiasm throughout the concert. How heartily they greeted us when we first entered the room. It was inspiring! The excitement pervaded the whole house, even to the close, and when we told them of our being ‘“Yankies’’ the applause was deafening. The patriotic feel-

ing of ’76 pervaded every bosom. Our friend Danl Neal, Jr. was almost overpowered. So was James Swain. After concert saw C.C. Burleigh and other friends. All seemed to be pleasantly astonished. Rode home, had refreshments, went to bed. Reviews counted the enthusiastic audience for this concert at “‘over 1000’ (Spirit of the Times), a handsome house, and at fifty cents per ticket, a tidy profit. One of the audience, a Miss ‘’F.A.C.,’’ was com-

pelled to set her feelings to verse the next day. The Granite State Minstrels Not from the shores of England,

Or the vine clad hills of France, ,

Have they come to us with the gift of song;

With the light and mazy dance. | 184

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But they hail from the lofty granite hills, From a free and northern home: ‘Tis a minstrel band of our own loved land, Of “‘the land of Washington.’’ We would give them a welcome greeting here, We would list to their joyous lays, For their pleasant songs we have words of cheer, ‘Tis the meed of a stranger praise. Success, success, to the mountain band, To its ‘‘fifteen sons and daughters!”’ Amid the wanderings over the land, Or journeyings over the waters! They have spirit-stirring strains of glee, For the light and bounding breast; They have sadder notes for a soul like me, For a spirit seeking rest. Of ‘‘my mothers Bible’’ I heard them sing, And the names that were written there; Of a lofty spirit on daring wing And its motto, ‘’Excelsior.”’ Of a mother wandering with her child, And the drifting snows above; Of that infant’s sleep in the lovely wild, And that mother’s deathless love.

Of a band of brothers westward bound Afar, on their lonely way, And of ‘’Yankee Doodle’s”’ stirring sound! O list to them while ye may. Again would we proffer them words of cheer, As they pass with their gift of song; May they soon revisit their home so dear, And join with their household throng. Success, success, to the mountain band With its ‘‘fifteen sons and daughters!”’ Amid their wanderings over the land, And journeyings over the waters!

185

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Philadelphia, Jan. 12th, 1844 _ Friday

Judson is tuning his violin. John and Abby are writing. Abby says that she can think just before sitting down of thousands

of things to write about but when she gets pen and Journal | at hand she forgets about all. —

The sun is coming out through the mist I believe after all. | Weare all well. John and I have arrived at the 26th Chapter of Matthew, are intending to go through the New Testament in regular order. We feel pleased with its reading, it is ‘“The Book of all books’’, the best. I do hope that we shall profit by its heavenly instructions. Oh, how much suffering our Saviour endured that we, poor mortals, might live. Our motto should be ‘‘Love God and man’’, despise not our brother in bonds.?9 We can live more to the good of our race than we ever have

yet. Let’s do it. |

9:00 o’clock P.M. Judson and Abby are playing together near the bed, have been jumping rope. I have been reading the History of Jamaica.”° It’s rather interesting. Many friends called on us today. Bryant Perry, Baptist Minister, called and he is rather deaf. A fine noble man. Has had

a large family of children, eleven in no. Our friend James Swain, Jr. and wife called on us this A.M., also Mr. Clark of

the Phila. Museum, Editor.?! |

Mrs. Supples and son returned home today from the burial of her father-in-law. Kitridge is eating peanuts. John’s reading

‘“‘Farmer’s Cabinet.”’ ] : | 19Although the initial reference seems general, one wonders if the latter is ,

not specific to brother Andrew and his financial problems. _

2°Most likely, Asa was reading Jamaica: Its Past and Present by James M. Phillippo, a Baptist Missionary, published the year before in Philadelphia by James M. Campbell, and in New York by Saxton (whom we remember _

as a special friend of the Hutchinsons) & Miles. The book is both a travelogue, much favored by the nineteenth century, and a mild antislavery polemic, since Phillippo gives some of the credit for renewed interest in oneetianity among the black population there to the abolition of slavery 21Thomas C. Clarke edited the Saturday Museum.

| 186

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The sidewalks are covered with ice, very hard to walk on. Had a letter from “’good old home’”’ yesterday. All well. Our friends Palmers and C.C. Burleigh and wife visited our chamber today. Shall go to bed pretty soon. Receipts at concert last night $300.22 The weather on the evening of the 12th caused concern, chaos,

and injury: the newspapers were filled with the gory details of broken bones. The Story of the Hutchinsons mixed up its own concoction of the weather, a concert (which did not take place on the 12th), and various other parts fact and fiction, all embellished by John Hutchinson’s dramatic imagination.

The sky was clear, the stars shone out, while the audience gathered on this occasion. During the two hours’ concert there came up a very thick fog which congealed upon the cold stony pavements and brick sidewalks, freezing as it fell, producing a glaze of ice of some thickness. The great throng, six or eight abreast, in making their exit from the hall in solid phalanx, pressed forward and as their feet came in contact with the ice, down they went. The unfortunates had only time to gather themselves up out of the way of the next falling crowd. Then came a great uproar and shouts of laughter, some with explosive and staccato notes of sudden or violent emotion, while others made points of exclamation, ‘’Oh!’’ while there were some unpleasant tones on the minor key; and when the last row had fallen, at least 1,500 people had passed through the ordeal.

Philadelphia, Jan. 13th, 1844 Saturday It is now about 9 o'clock P.M. C.C. Burleigh and wife just came in and stopped a minute and then bid us good night. Luther Wallace spent the evening here and just left. Rev. Mr. Jones called on us at tea time but soon left. Several gentlemen called this eve to make an

187 |

22Which might give the lie to the newspapers’ report of audience size.

“MUSIC RINGS”’ | | engagement for the Philharmonic Society but it’s no go! We

must draw a line somewhere. |

Foggy morning. Had a heavy rain last night. Sidewalk’s covered with rain and snow. At 10 o’clock the sun shone brightly and the clouds scattered and disappeared. __ The overseers at the mint were cross. The machinery was out of order but we went in, saw them stamp copper cents. Returning home, stopped in at St. John’s Church, a very large Catholic Church, from thence to the Antislavery Room. Then Mr. Palmer’s. Next saw Abby home, next went with Judson

to his shoemaker and was measured for a pair of boots like his. Next home, where I have been ever since. We have all been almost sick today. Bad weather, eat too much, too much company. Mr. Johnson, Freff [Preff?] and Hill, father of ‘“Yankee Hill’’,23 were here most of the P.M. Mr. Daniel Neal, Jr. was here, he is a real soul, lent us two volumes of the Knickerbocker”4 this evening. Our friends will kill us. Business before friends is an old say-

ing. We must adopt it! We must hear all, both high and low, then do as we please. Wealth maketh many friends. The Abolitionists are not of the class of friendly axegrinders. Oh, I want to see home and those that are over on the hill

tops. Abby has gone to bed. |

3Uri K. Hill (c.1780-1844) was a music-teacher and composer who had lived in Northampton, Boston, and New York before moving to Philadelphia in 1822. His Vermont Harmony of 1801 was an important early collection of sacred music. Both his sons were to make names for themselves. George

Handel Hill (1809-1849) gave delineations of ‘‘down-east’’ characters on , stage, and as ‘’Yankee’”’ Hill was one of America’s favorite comedians during the ‘30s and early ’40s. Urelli C. Hill (c.1802-1875) was one of New York City’s most active musicians, a violinist, teacher, conductor of the New York

Sacred Music Society, and a founder, first President, and conductor of the New York Philharmonic Society. 4The Knickerbocker was a popular literary monthly of the day. The December 1843 issue held articles on ‘‘Instinct,’’ translations from French and Turkish,

a sketch of Saint Augustine, Florida, fiction, poetry, and book reviews, all

characteristic of its offerings. — ,

*5Perhaps an illusion to that beloved who lived in the ‘‘highlands,’’ at Nelson, NH. 188

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Philadelphia, Jan. 14th, 1844 Sunday 2 o’clock p.m. The sun is out and shines good. Rather a foggy morning but now it is quite pleasant. We have not been to church today. Expect to go this evening to hear C.C. Burleigh lecture on Temperance. Our friend Daniel Neall, Jr. called on us this morning and remained with us till dinner time. He told us of the riotous scenes that he had witnessed in this city by infuriated mobs. Of their entering the Pennsylvania Hall and deliberately piling the settees together, cut the gass pipes, let the contents on to the fuel and set fire to it. 10,000 people stood around the building and suffered it to burn down without hindering the progress of it in the least. The Hall was new, three meetings

had been held in it by the Abolitionists who owned the building. But after the third and last night of the dedication meeting

every thing was excitement, and the next night the building was in ruins. The expense of the Hall was $40,000. The principles of anti-slavery have been on the backtrack with the Philadelphians. But “‘Truth though crushed to earth will rise again.”’ It is a shame to an enlightened community like Philadelphia that such disgustful mobs as was at that time, before that time or since that time. The mobs are this season more frequent than ever. “City of Brotherly love’’ nonsense! Asa’s version of the destruction of the Pennsylvania Hall in May 1838 is substantially correct, perhaps even understated. The hall was opened as the grandest and largest (capacity: three thousand) of

Philadelphia’s meeting places, with a policy that meetings of a “‘moral’’ nature were allowed, not exclusively abolitionist in tone. Rumors that black men and white women and white men and black women were seen arm-in-arm, and that plans were being laid there for the emancipation of slaves led to mob action and the building’s firing, to the loss of an estimated $100,000. Few people would know more about this incident than Neall, whose father was at the time of the fire the President of the Pennsylvania Hall Board of Managers. 189

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As Asa suggested, 1843-44 was in fact to be a season of mobs, topped by perhaps the worst one in Philadelphia’s history in May 1844. A sentiment had risen in the city since late 1843 pitching ““Native Americans” (those born in America of Anglo-Saxon stock) against the ‘‘foreigners’’ (a euphemism for the Irish), which boiled

over most violently on the three days beginning the sixth. During this time, the city was reported a garrison, with mob against mob, Protestant against Catholic, burnings, several deaths and many injuries, destruction of more than a quarter-million dollars of property, including two Catholic churches. It was altogether a time to ques-

tion ‘‘brotherly love.’’ , |

We write home today. Judson is now writing. Kit. is penciling off a newspaper for his wife in the ‘‘Old Granite.’’”¢ I will go home, get a home and wife, and live to die. _

a Monday No sun today, all cloudy and cold. ,

, Philadelphia, Jan. 15th, 1844

It is now 20 minutes of 7 o’clock P.M. We are all here in our good chamber. John just looked at me from the other part of the room and spoke to Kitridge to see how poor I looked. Kitridge said that I would make a good article to split pumpkins on. John says" that I should not have lived three weeks longer if we had continued on singing from the last concert in New York without stopping for rest. He says that I did wrong in abstaining from animal food. But I think that I enjoyed as good health when I abstained from animal food as I now do in indulging in it. But enough. We practiced music this A.M. after dinner. After dinner went with our much esteemed friend Hood and his friends and G. Palmer to visit the Asylum for the Blind. We found the establishment of brick and marble in the neatest order. Within the establishment we found every thing in the most tasteful style. The managers were very kind. They too were from the Yankee 26Zephaniah married Abigail Perkins of Mont Vernon in 1836, then at home

tending their 2% year-old daughter. — | 190

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land. There are over 60 pupils, male and female, in this building. They are dressed neat and appear remarkably well. The females attend to various kinds of work and cultivate music somewhat. Two ladies sang to us, some very fine songs, after which the manager called them together in the recitation room and then we sung some pretty quartettes to them, which they expressed a great delight for when sung. It was

truly pleasant to us to see them so much gratifyed. The men and boys work in the shop. Some at shoes, some at brushes and some at matts. Everything looks orderly. We saw their printing press, ‘twas fine. We were presented by the manager with a copy of some of their reading. He gave Abby some cards also. A very pleasant visit we had. From the Philadelphia Public Ledger for the 3rd of January 1844:

| Pennsylvania Institution for the Instruction of the Blind, on the corner of Schuylkill Third and Race streets, was founded in 1833. Number of pupils 68. The object of the institution is to impart to the pupils a knowledge of literature, music and mechanism. They manufacture and have for sale at their store in Race street, adjoining the Institution, brushes of various kinds, mats, carpets, baskets, and fancy articles, which are offered to the public, wholesale and retail, on the most reasonable terms. The store is open at all times. The institution is open for strangers every afternoon, except Saturday and Sunday. Principal, David B. Tower. An interest in the various ‘’Benevolent’’ organizations was a sim-

ple extension of the impulse that led to involvement in the

humanitarian reform movements. One of the cards given to Abby is still preserved in the scrapbook

at Milford. It is a pink card embossed with the name ‘’Miss A.J. Hut-

chinson,’’ and the penciled note, ‘‘From Blind Asylum.’’

Hailed as we returned home. Have a longer table in our room. Good!

191

“MUSIC RINGS”’ Philadelphia, Jan. 16th, 1844 Tuesday Another cloudy, misty, damp day. I have been sick with bad headache all day. Last night we went with Mr. Neall and eat some oysters. They were not

good. I eat as many as any of the rest when I ought not to | have taken any. So besides having very bad dreams all night, I am half sick today. But I now feel much better than I did A.M.

‘Tis now nearly 4 o’clock. A very gloomy day. We give our third concert this evening at the Musical Fund Hall. Many people continue to visit us. I have just shaved myself and brushed my teeth. We are quite comfortable in our room today. Daniel Neal, Jr. called on us today to obtain his pictures. Two men called today and offered $200 if we would sing for them and their society. We cannot neglect our business

to attend to “’speculators.”’ |

O, there are tryals in this life, any way we can fix it. I feel determined to do right, let come what will, and not be continuously fretting for fear that we shall not coin money fast enough. The good Bible is the great book in afflication, and I think that I shall profit by its teachings. Philadelphia, Jan. 17th, 1844 Wednesday A very dark morning, cloudy and in the early part of the morning the rain fell in torrents and streams rushed down the sides of the streets like the roaring of mighty waters. 20 M. of 11 o’clock A.M. Here we are in our chamber. (Rap). Good morning. In comes friend Palmer, all well. Judson just received a letter from a friend of Elias Smith.2” Can’t read it all. Axcident to E. Smith, burnt face, wishes us to send $50. 27(1815-1887); a former Methodist minister, now an antislavery leader, and friend of Garrison. We learn something about his circumstances in a letter

of 1866 to Garrison: ‘‘When an exile from my home, more than twentythree years ago, and living temporarily in Cambridgeport, you were a friend and brother most precious. You sympathized in my misfortunes and poverty; and, later, in Boston, you sheltered my little family in your own house, 192

I JANUARY - 19 MAY 1844

We recieved a letter last night from Jesse, also this morning

another. He with his friends are wishing to have us usher at the Annual Antislavery Meeting next week. We cannot go. Oh, what a world of trials and trouble this is. We just think that we are going to enjoy life and every thing on the earth and that no impediment will be put in the way for to prevent our happiness, when, alas! some evil omen steps in and puts a bitter pill into our mouths and changes our thoughts of pleasure, happiness and joy to that of the most bitter grief and dispondency. But the trials and afflictions we have in this life are blessings to us, I think, for it teaches us that this earth is not our resting place and leads us to think of the ‘‘great giver of all blessings’’ and to trust in him as the only one that is ever ready to “‘give to those who ask.”’ Our much esteemed friend Elias Smith (as we learn by our friend M.W. Chace of New York?8) met with a sad accident. He in trying to rescue a man in one of the streets of New York from fire, took fire himself. Had his face and hands badly burned. As Judson promised him aid when he needed, he requested through the letter to have him lend him fifty dollars ($50). We must do something. Oh, it is brightening up. The sun will soon appear. How glad I am to have pleasant weather. Our friend C.C. Burleigh left his home for Trenton this mor-

ning. His wife is with us at this moment. Jesse says that he is going to get Joshua, Caleb,?? Benj[amin]

while I struggled, as I never did before, to find them bread. You shared with us your own bounty, and your excellent and noble wife was a companion and friend to mine.”’ 28Probably William M. Chace (1814-1862), a onetime wool merchant and part-

ner of George W. Benson (q.v.) who subsequently joined a utopian farm community. Long an active abolitionist, in the 1840s he became an anarchist, even going so far as to advocate the disbandment of all organized societies, including those of abolitionists. 29Joshua (1811-1883) and Caleb (1811-1854) were twin older brothers of Asa. Joshua pursued a musical career of his own, giving singing schools, teaching lessons, performing, and later touring with first William Vincent Wallace,

the renowned English opera composer, and then Walter Kittredge, composer of ‘’Tenting on the Old Campground.”’ 193

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and himself to the A.S. meeting in his letter of this morning dated Lynn, Jan. 14th.°*° We visit the Penitentiary! today, perhaps that’s the calculation. We go to our friend Daniel Neal’s house this evening. Our concert last night was fully attended. The weather was not good, damp, hard singing, went off well, all pleased. Announced our last concert for Friday night. Can’t have the hall next week. Kitridge will not trust the man Becket? any more. ‘’He is too thick.’’ Propriety—I love to see. Be noble. Honesty is the best policy. — We are imitating the sounds of different animals. The sound of the gobler turky Mrs. B. imitates.*° O, Andrew is to quit his liquor. Good.

| Thursday

Philadelphia, Jan. 18th, 1844 This is a clear, bright, sparkling sunshine day. The sun peeps out occasionally from behind the majestic clouds as they pass

rapidly towards the East. Judson, John and Asa went this morning to see the Philadelphia Museum Hall*4 via Rev. Mr. Jones. 3°John reported that a quartet of brothers Jesse, Joshua, Caleb, and Fanny, his wife, eventually performed at the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society meeting (Story of the Hutchinsons, 1:100). The Liberator notes only that ‘’the Hutchinsons”’ sang several times during the convention’s course. Is it signifi-

cant that no resolution was passed thanking ‘‘the Hutchinsons,”’ or that N.P. Rogers did not even so much as mention the surrogate quartet in his Herald of Freedom report of the meeting? 31Penitentiaries, here probably the Moyamensing Prison, were also considered institutions of social reform, the place where criminals were taught to live a better life. As earlier in Windsor, VT, and later in Sing-Sing, NY, the Hutchinsons made a point of visiting them. 32Henry Beckett, of 336 Chestnut, a member of the Musical Fund Society. 3C.C. Burleigh had married Gertrude Kimber in 1842. Story of the Hutchin-

sons (I:100): ,

Mrs. Burleigh was a welcome guest at any hour in the day. She would go to the door and exercise her faculty of imitating one of our American domestic fowls, and it carried us back to the farm-yard, when we used to have turkeys fattening for Thanksgiving. It was certainly interesting to hear her ‘‘gobble.’’

194 |

4A ttached to the Philadelphia Museum building, constructed in 1838 at the

corner of Ninth and George Street.

I JANUARY - 19 MAY 1844

He was quite well, gave us a letter of introduction to the manager of the Deaf and Dum Asylum,* he being a member of his church. Bell rings for dinner. Come on, Abby. We go to that Asylum

this P.M. “Oh! ‘tis merry and free’’ Splendid new piece. We are all pretty well. John complained some.

Philadelphia, Jan. 19th, 1844 Friday What happiness there is in having good health and such excellent weather as we now enjoy. This is a more glorious day than yesterday was. Bright warm SUN. Dry sidewalks, a clear dry atmosphere and air full of electricity. ‘Tis now 12 o’clock A.M. J.M. McKim and wife, Mrs. C.C. Burleigh, Mr. Tho. Davis,*6

they are whole-soul’d Abolitionists. Mr. Davis talked to us about going to England, says we must go. They have now gone to their houses. We had a fine walk up to Mr. James Swain’s,

near Juniper Street. He was not at home, saw his wife. She is a very fine woman. Her husband is wealthy but she is not puffed up for it. Quartette walking the streets, Judson, John, Asa and Abby walking abreast. Oh, we ought to thank heaven that we are all so well. Every thing looks delightful. Mrs. Sarah J. Hale just came and sent her card to us by Abby, who has gone down. She is from the ‘Old Granite State.’’%” 35The Pennsylvania Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb was established in 1820.

Its purpose was to teach deaf mutes a trade by providing workshop experience in a social environment that did not penalize them for their handicap. 36(1806-1895), a jeweler manufacturer from Providence, Rhode Island. Active in radical politics, he served both in the Rhode Island State Congress, and later in the U.S. House of Representatives (1853-1855). 37(1788-1879), born in Newport, NH. Largely self-taught, Mrs. Hale embarked on a career as an editor, writer, and poet after the death of her husband in 1822. In 1837 she became the literary editor of Godey’s Lady’s Book, the

most popular of the myriad monthly magazines for women. She was in the forefront of the movement to provide college education for young women. 195

“MUSIC RINGS ”’

Music rings. Most heart-cheering, electric, clear morning. We give our 4th and last concert this evening at the Musical

Fund Hall. Being our last appearance till our return from Washington we anticipate a full house. At our Tuesday concert we took $308 and we hope, as the weather for this evening is much more favourable than on the above evening, that we shall have a fuller house and take more money. We intend to go to Baltimore tomorrow if possible. We have not made any arrangements there yet. Kitridge can’t like Beckett, the lessee of the M.F. Hall. He received a letter from him this morning stating that he (Beckett)

could not attend the ticket office. So it goes. We must have a sharp lookout for unprincipled men who lie in wait to deceive us. Money makes the mare go. The love of it is the root of all evil.

How true, and here all mankind are guilty of making it their GOD with but few exceptions. I am not sure but this making

money is the rock whereon we shall make shipwreck. But I think by prudence we shall push through the world and accumulate property and do many good acts with it. But there

are thousands of snares to lead us from the true path of righteousness and we need to have both eyes open in order

to discriminate between the good and bad ones to resist temptation. A Granite State song to Mrs. Hale who is to write an article complimentary to us in Mrs. Leslies Magazine.%® Our visit to R. Oh, I forgot the [???] of our visit to the Deaf and Dum Asylum of Thursday P.M. Grand! Grand! Saw the pupils examined and a bear story told by one of them. "Twas capital, very novel. Beautiful flowers, pictures, etc. Mr. Hood, his 38Miss Leslie’s Magazine; Home Book of Fashion, Literature and Domestic Economy

changed its title to The Ladies’ Magazine in February 1844, and was later superceded by Arthur’s Magazine. An article appeared on the Hutchinsons in the July 1844 issue, yet it was reprinted from the New Mirror for 22 June 1844, signed only by “’X.Y.Z.,’’ and from the internal evidence of that piece was written after 21 March. No article by Mrs. Hale has otherwise been located. 196

I JANUARY - 19 MAY 1844

friends and brothers, Miss [???] and some others went with the Quartette. Pleasant friends, etc. Baltimore, Jan. 20th, 1844 Saturday

One more delightful day. A very cold clear day but very pleasant. Left Philadelphia in the morning at 8 o’clock after having taken some good Toast at the table of our good and worthy friend Mrs. Supplee. Our concert Friday evening was a jam! Our receipts were $500 Dollars. Beckett was in ill humor but Zepheniah got along

by having a hired man, having Edward Pierce to take the tickets at one door, himself at the other. John superseded the affair. The Concert went off with great eclat. We gave notice previous to the singing of the Old Granite State that we should

give another on our return from Washington, which was received with enthusiasm. Attending this concert was Lucy Chase (1822-1909), a young woman who like many in the nineteenth century kept a diary of events and personal thoughts. She wrote there: E. Lewis called this morning and invited me to go & hear ‘’The Hutchinsons’’—Phebe went to singing school this evening. The Musical Fund Hall was crowded this eve. Even the orchestra gallery was filled with auditors—Sarah & Lucy Hacker, Esther Sharpless & Mary Breed were in the Orchestra. Walter & Anna Brown sat with us. Sarah Peugh & E. Neal before us. I saw

Anna Sharp, T. Cavender, Lizzie Mott, Mary Anna Pelham & C. Hunt. I was agreeably disappointed in The Hutchinsons. The Grave of Napoleon & Excelsior & The Irish Emigrants Lament were their finest songs. Some of their comic songs were

very fine. Calomel was enthusiastically received. Wm. Channing? seemed much pleased with it. William Francis Channing (1820-1901) was a friend of Lucy’s brother. The son of William Ellery Channing, a leader of the Unitarian movement, and

brother of William Ellery, Jr., the poet, Channing was active in the antislavery movement and later renowned for his invention of the electric fire

alarm and other pioneering work in the use of electricity. 197

“MUSIC RINGS” ‘‘Agreeably disappointed”’ is a curious turn of phrase sometimes seen in the mid-nineteenth century, which other contexts suggest should be read by the twentieth-century reader to mean roughly ‘“‘much better than expected.’”’ .

Lucy might be exemplary of those making up the Hutchinsons’

audience. First of all, she was a well-educated woman of good middle-class stock. Raised in a Quaker family, she was strongly influenced by Unitarianism, which insisted on the individual’s responsibility for interpretation of the Bible and the manner of living. She

was clearly a person of abiding interests in self- and socialimprovement. At various times her diaries chronicle involvement in temperance, mesmerism, Grahamism, phrenology, prison reform, women’s rights, abolitionism—a compendium of the day’s reform movements. Lucy Chase shared with the Hutchinsons and their au-

dience a love of music, but more, a belief in the betterment of mankind through works. It is now 20 minutes of 12 o’clock, Sunday A.M. at the Foun-

tain Inn kept by Dix and Foggs. Well, we left the “’City of Brotherly Love’’ Saturday morning. The air was piercing cold. Bid good by to our good boarding house friends. Broke my bass viol in going downstairs to the carriage. Rode to the ‘‘general taking in place’’ in one of

the principle streets where the cars are suffered to run with | impunity. A coloured man took care of our baggage and I gave

him 25 cts (by request). Found Fanny Palmer and her sister and brother in the depot. Fresh and healthy. Bell rung, we jumped into the cars, and when we were drawn by horses about three miles out of the city over a very long bridge suspended over the Schuylkill River, in so fallible a manner as not to admit of so heavy a body as the locomotive to pass without much danger of a break down. This was the reason of our starting with horse power. After having passed the bridge the old locomotive was put on and then we went rail road speed. Took a few refreshments at Wilmington. Went on, changed cars for the Ferry Boat over the Susquehannah River, quite wide. We passed along the banks of the Delaware River. Railroad quite good. 198

Il JANUARY - 19 MAY 1844

Baltimore, Jan. 21, 1844

Sunday A very disagreeable cold New England snow storm. Truly the appearance in Baltimore is much like the scenes in our own

native land. Specially this bitter storm. Never have I experienced a more chilly sensation in New Hamp. than I have here in this ‘‘monumental city’’ at the approach of this Unwelcomed

otranger. But withall its bitterness, it is pleasant for it reminds me of home, that most cherished spot I have on earth. And when I gaze from my window and see the flakes of snow falling with such majesty I almost forget that Iam so far from ‘’Our Father’s Hearth.”’ But to the journey of Saturday. After losing sight of the Majestic ‘‘Delaware’”’ we crossed over the Great Gunpowder River

and after a rapid movement by rich plantations (when we could anon catch a sidepiece of some old mansion built in the year 1.__ with its little negro huts about it), we reached another stream called the Little Gunpowder. But this too we soon left behind for we had plenty of wood, water and fire at the head

and all well applied, which produced that which made the wheels turn. Several bodies of water we passed by and over of which we did not learn much. I believe one was the Elbe and another was a branch of the Chesapeake Bay. Arrived in sight of the city at 3 o’clock P.M., arrived within

one mile of the street stopping place when the engine was again taken off and horses substituted. Depot opposite the United States Hotel. We left the cars for the hotel where we found the black man

ready to do anything we should wish for. Zepheniah, Judson and John took dinner at the table, Abby a sample in the parlor, and I, having took oysters at Wilmington and ferry boat over Susquehanna River, chose not to indulge a pamper’d ap-

petite. So I visited the “‘small room.” After dinner Kitridge and I went to see the Calvert Hall. The lessee we found to be a Catholic Priest who lived on the hill above the hall in a big aristocratic house.“ 40Probably Rev. H.B. Coskey, Kector of the Cathedral in Baltimore. 199

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‘Tis now 20 minutes past one o’clock. Here we are all in our third story chamber quite well. Mr. Jonas Haward“! called here

this morning. Baltimore, Jan. 22nd, 1844 Monday Being somewhat pleasant in the P.M. Judson, John, Asa and Abby walked to the ‘“Washington Monument”’ erected at the north part of the city about %2 mile from our present boarding hotel. This monument is built of solid marble and is 280 feet above the level of the sea and from the base to the top of the statue (George Washington) it is 180 feet, diameter 20 feet at

the bottom, at the top 14 feet. The statue of Washington at the extreme top of the great mass of marble is 16 feet in height

and weighs 16 ton. It was commenced in 1815 and completed in 1841. Built principally by the city of Baltimore, but was completed by the State

of Maryland. The monument is incircled by a beautiful iron railing. As we entered the building I read the following, ‘‘To George Washington by the State of Maryland.’’ On the other side was, ‘“Born Feb. 22, 1732—Died Dec. 14, 1799.’’ Several

other things in relation to this venerable Hero were written in iron letters on the basement of the edifice, but I had no inclination to notice them down in my scrap for ‘twas quite insufficient for my other mementos I wished to write of this ‘‘Grandest of all monuments.’’ There are 229 steps we took in gaining the top. And Judson and myself were about tipped over in looking down and thinking of ‘‘where we were.’’ We thought the building was falling once or twice. We had light to find our way up and down as there were no windows

in the whole building. | |

We sung “The Sword and Staff’’ and ‘The Land of Wash-

“Jonas Hutchinson Hayward (1815-1866) was from Milford, but had since

moved to Baltimore. With his brother Nehemiah Peabody Hayward (1813-1860) he dealt in stoves near the Fountain at 24 Light Street. Both will play a part in the pages to come. Since their sister Betsey was married to David, the eldest brother of the singers, the Haywards and Hutchinsons were cousins by marriage. 200

I JANUARY - 19 MAY 1844

ington.’’ The Bass seemed to shake the whole atmosphere with a terrible force and the echo was most deafning. “Twas most

astonishing. A New York merchant happened in our midst who we found to be very agreeable. Price of admission, 12% cts each. The expense of the building $200,000. The shape, conical.

After getting downstairs we rested, took some water, returned and took tea with Nehemiah and Jonas Haward and wives. Good wives. Tuesday, January 23, 1844 15 minutes of 12 o’clock A.M. A very stormy day of snow and rain, bad night for the concert. Yesterday was cloudy. Zepheniah and I visited the printing office and the Catholic

Priest who let us the hall. 15 minutes of 1 o’clock A.M.* Zepheniah just came in, brought one apple for all. Says he has been down to see the Assembly Rooms. Good to sing in, he says. The Protestants don’t like to go to the Calvert Hall because it is owned by the Catholics. ‘““We unto Sinners.’’ This is one of the worst days we have seen yet in these diggings. Snow and rain well mixed. Covered the entire sidewalk of the streets of the ‘‘Monumental City.’’ Our concert comes off tonight. Judson says to Kitridge, How much you going to take tonight? He says, ‘About twenty dollars if this weather holds.’’ Mrs. Fogg, late Miss Mary Shaw, says we had better postpone. We think not. We’re going to practice down stairs.

20 m. of 4 o’clock. Eight hundred and ninety-four dollars ($894) on hand. Wednesday, Baltimore, Jan. 24th, 1844 A very pleasant morning, just been to breakfast. Kitridge goes to Washington this morning. The air is clear and livening. Our concert last night was the smallest affair that we have #Rather, ‘’P.M.’’ 201

“MUSIC RINGS”’

had for many days. Receipts at the door $5, a fine hall $20. The walking was as bad as could be almost. I attend to the affairs today. Saw Mary Livermore and her sister and husband*® at the concert last night. Reports in the newspapers only confirmed what Asa wrote about the size of the audience. Of the performance? Could Philadelphia,

New York, and Boston have been wrong? . |

On account of the unfavorable weather on Monday evening, the audience was very thin at Calvert Hall, but those who did venture out were amply repaid for their trouble. ‘“The Hutchinson Family’’ performed with exquisite taste the various pieces which had been named in the programme. They have

none of that heartless and senseless affection, which has formed a distinguishing characteristic of the performances of the celebrated foreign musicians who have visited our city this season. They appear not before their auditors like so many automatons; their style is naive, pervaded with deep feeling; _ they enter into the spirit of the words, as well as the music, with their whole soul; and to those who love a rich musical treat, we would say by all means, go to the next Concert given by the Minstrels of the ‘Granite State.”’

15 minutes of 4 oclock. | a Judson, Asa, John, Abby all here at the table. We commenced playing “the game of memory” (made by our worthy friend Mrs. C.C. Burleigh) but we didn't feel in just the mode thus to while away our time leaving. Writing and reading to attend to. So we stopped it. Judson has commenced opening his journal. John is writing with saleratus on a wrapper* which he is to send to his wife, from whom he received one today. O, certainly this is a very charming sunshine day. I left the Hotel after breakfast and went to the “Baltimore Clipper” OfMary M. Holly of Baltimore had 1842 married Henry Lee Livermore (1812-1847), another of the Milford contingent in Baltimore, son of lawyer

Solomon K. Livermore. Henry was a merchant of dry goods. 44’’Saleratus’’ at this time usually referred to bicarbonate of soda (baking soda), which helps hardly at all to clarify Asa’s meaning. Perhaps it was a general reference to an alkaline-based ink. The ‘‘wrapper’’ was a single

sheet of writing paper that was folded to make its own envelope. 202

l JANUARY - 19 MAY 1844

fice, made arrangements for the large and small bills. Then visited the “Sun” office, paid $4.15 for advertising two concerts. Next “The Daily American,” paid $2.00. Also “The Daily Argus,” did not pay. Last the “Baltimore Patriot/”*> ditto. I then went to see the Catholic Priest who has the letting or renting of Calvert Hall. He was not at home. I left word with the colored lady that we would engage the Hall for Monday and Wednesday evenings of next week. Went to the Post Office and found a “Farmers Cabinet” from our young worthy townman, Wm. Wallas*6 Also “The Boston Olive Branch” for John from his wife at Lowell, Mass. Went home, met Mr. Manning near Dix and Foggs. He soon came to our room in company with Miss Mary Livermore. Rev. Somebody with a friend was in our room at the time he called. Soon Mrs. Nehemiah and Jonas Haward came in but did not

stay long. Mr. Manning spoke of Mr. Ruben Foster*’ as a Genius. Invite to his house, postponed. We sung “Happy & Free” to our new friend and his associate. After they left we sung “O “Tis Merry and Free” and “My Bark is Out” and Abby and I sung “Reflections of Home.” But

Abby felt as though my language was too harsh, and eased herself by tears that she shed most copiously. O, what is more thrilling than woman's tears to the oppressive heart of man. I hate oppression. At the same time I may be the oppressor. I trust I—Yes, I will reform. So it goes.

I have just read the letter of Casius M. Clay on The Evils of Slavery. It is most interesting. The slave must go free. On45 Asa visited all five of Baltimore’s daily newspapers, and placed ads in all,

prompting curiosity about how he avoided paying at two of them. 46It is not clear if this refers to William Rodney Wallace (1826-1871) or William

Matthew Wallace (1825-1892), whose grandfather, incidentally, was John Wallace Hutchinson’s namesake. 47Given the Milford circle in Baltimore, perhaps this is a reference to the Reuben Foster (1821-1856) who eventually moved from Milford to Concord and to a living as a manufacturer and dealer in hardware. 48Cassius Marcellus Clay (1810-1903) was one of the most flamboyant of the

abolitionists. He had sent a letter to Horace Greeley at the Tribune from his native Kentucky in November 1843 in which he discussed the institution of slavery, its evil, and suggested a possible solution to the problem: voluntary emancipation. His letter was copied by the Liberator on the 15th of December, where is it most likely Asa read it. 203

“MUSIC RINGS”’

ly let knowledge be generally diffused and slavery cannot any way be tolerated. I wish to be in the field of this great moral

O, dear. | ,

combat, but I am selfish. | Through this part of the journals there are suggestions that the singers felt they might be shirking some perceived duty by performing for personal gain. A reading between the lines finds some, Jesse particularly, critical of their behavior. These bits only support the |

notion that the singers were as yet unwilling to take a potentially unpopular stance in public. Might it not be that John’s later portrayal of the Hutchinsons—dedicated abolitionists constantly singing their

views to the nation in the face of danger and possible loss of audience—was the result of simple self-aggrandizement? Or a longheld guilt complex?

The snow melts fast today. I wish I was better informed. I will read the Bible. “Better wear glasses in concert.” Nonsense! Baltimore, January 25th, 1844 Thursday A touch of the horrors today but on all consideration I am enjoying mind and body pretty comfortably. We had a dark cloudy morning but now (2 oclock P.M.) it

is beautiful sunshine. Last evening we visited Mrs. Foge’s room. She sung several pieces most delightfully. She is truly a fine singer but—I love sentiment—she does not speak her words plain enough. She has great compass to her voice. We sung although contrary to our wish. Left her room at 42 past 8 oclock P.M. after ad-

vice from a very ugly woman. |

Halo, Kitridge has come. He has lost a glove. _

People won't go to Calvert Hall, especially warn Protestants. We had a great good letter from the Hutchinsonians at Lynn today. They are worried about my killing myself singing. Clary-

vaince says Asa was in consumption, would spit blood.

204 ,

I JANUARY - 19 MAY 1844

Many, obviously including Jesse in Lynn, were listening intently to the clairvoyants (or “spiritualists”) and what they were saying about things, particularly the future. Séances, mediums, palmreadings, gypsy women with crystal balls, all were in great favor. Most historians date this movement from 31 March 1848, with the public acknowledgment of intelligent, spirit-worldly “rappings” in the Hydesville, New York home of the Fox sisters, Margaret and Kate. Earlier though, in 1844, Andrew Jackson Davis had had visions while in a “magnetic” trance and from these was invested with new truth and wisdom, and additionally acquired the ability to heal by visualizing bodily organs and diagnosing their ailments. Davis wrote exten-

sively on his visions and their meanings, thereby establishing a theoretical framework for the explosion of interest in spiritualism and

its literature in the 1850s. Along with phrenology, Thomsonianism, evangelism, Millerism, communism, the reform movements generally, spiritualism questioned “common sense” perceptions of the way things were and offered alternative interpretations, frequently more compelling in their logic. In this way all were part of a general cultural movement towards science and a methodology that promised hard, objective reasoning for what often appeared ephemeral phenomena. Yet, it was still a world in transition, from a time when religion interpreted the world to an epoch where understanding was the responsibility of science. Spiritualism flourished right at the point of greatest tension and confusion, where old truths were undermined by the new evidence of observation. And as modern men and women, the Hutchinsons were drawn to this with all the evangelical passion they mustered in support of their reform crusades. Although the Hutchinsons’ intrigue placed them at the very beginning of the spiritualist movement, their interest and involvement, like the rest of the culture, reached a peak in the 1850s. As samples: —Andrew Jackson Davis on 7 August 1852 had yet another vision, this time of “the Spiritual Congress,” while he was a guest at Jesse’s (later John’s) home in Lynn. —Judson developed and exhibited psychic powers, e.g.: While we were going over to Block Island all the company

were seated in the middle of the boat, when Judson suddenly jumped upon the forward deck, and waving his hat, shouted, "Come up out of the mighty deep!" Instantly a big fish, apparently ten feet long, leaped out of the water and

seemed to stand on his tail fora moment and then disappeared. 205

‘MUSIC RINGS’’ | | —In early October 1850 the Hutchinsons stopped at Rochester, _ NY while on a Western concert tour. There they visited the Fox ©

| | sisters and heard the rappings. As a result of heightened interest, Judson was hypnotized by one of them, which seem-

ingly stimulated his imagination in such a way to bring about a severe case of temporary insanity, lasting several weeks, and — causing cancellation of the tour.

—Judson’s palpable belief in a manifest spiritual world was by some to be what led him to seek it out by taking histhought earthly life in 1859. , oO _ ,

| —Jesse communicated using what the twentieth-century would call “Extra-Sensory Perception.” While he was in California in 1851, a medium, Mrs. Leah Fish, received a piece of Jesse's “from the Spirit Land” that she actually published in his name: “The Haunted Ground.” The sheet music cover shows us it was

“Sung by the Fox Family’—married sister Leah, her mother, and |

| sisters Margaret and Kate, the Fox sisters. Oo So

1854: 7 |

-—After Jesse died of natural causes, he communicated two years ,

_ later via Miss Betsy Came, medium. - | } —And to draw the net even tighter, Mrs. Fish, by then remarried and Mrs. Brown, held a séance on the 16th of February

, We sat around [the table] in the usual manner, (the hands

| of each individual resting upon the table,) and engaged in social chit-chat. While waiting for some demonstrations

from the invisible world, we had our right foot patted as

_ by a human hand, and the right leg of our pantaloons

, strongly pulled, by some unseen agency. This was done _ | | repeatedly, though we said nothing at the time; but, think- _ _ ing it might be possible that the foot of some one of the | company might undesignedly be in contact with our own, | | we cautiously felt around to ascertain if this were the case,

but there was nothing tangible; and the moment we put a _ our foot down, the same familiar tappings and jerks

, 206 |

followed. . . . The presence of several spirits was indicated _ , during the evening, and satisfactory tests were made; but ,

the most communicative and efficient one purported to

, be that of ‘Jesse Hutchinson’ It was he who had been | playing bo-peep with us under the table . . . Heavy raps

_ were now made on the floor; and on being requested to —

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| | ‘MUSIC RINGS’’ ing untracked, one named the ‘Clay.’ The iconography of the lithograph was impressive enough that the Herald of Freedom devoted

considerable space to a discussion of it on 19 April 1844, not surprising when we note that the song was dedicated to the newspaper’s |

editor, N.P. Rogers. , |

Jesse composed the song only in that he wrote the words and fit _ |

them to a pre-existent tune. The melody he chose was filled with

ironic implication, for ‘Old Dan Tucker’’ (published only the year before by Dan Emmett) was already strongly associated with the | blackface minstrel tradition, a genre considered by many demean- |

ing tothe black man. oe mo When they sang the song, the Hutchinsons apparently knew when and how to ignore the notes on the page. The most compelling account of their dynamic performance was published after the New

England Anti-Slavery Society Convention in May of 1844. _ Their outburst at the Convention, in Jesse’s celebrated ‘Get

off the track,’ is absolutely indescribable in any words that can be penned. It represented the moral rail road in characters of

living light and song, with all its terrible enginery and speed | and danger. And when they came to that chorus-cry, that gives ~ name to the song, when they cried to the heedless pro-slavery

multitude that were stupidly lingering on the track, and the , engine ‘Liberator’ coming hard upon them, under full steam

and all speed, the Liberty Bell loud ringing, and they standing — ,

like deaf men right in its whirlwind path, the way they cried —. ‘Get off the track,’ in defiance of all time and rule, was magnifi- , cent and sublime. They forgot their harmony, and shouted one | |

after another, or all in confused outcry, like an alarmed , multitude of spectators, about to witness a terrible catastrophe.

| But I am trying to describe it, I should only say it was in- | _ describable. It was life—it was nature—transcending the musical staff—and the gamut—the minim and the semi-breve, and the ledger lines. It was the cry of the people, into which

their over-wrought and illimitable music had degenerated, —and | it was glorious to witness them alighting down again from their

_ wild flight into the current of song, like so many swans upon the river from which they had soared, a moment, wildly, into the air. The multitude who heard them will bear me witness,

that they transcended the very province of mere music. |

254 |

I JANUARY - 19 MAY 1844

To this point the Hutchinsons did not really have an antislavery song fitting their voices, styles, stage personalities. With one, they, their

concerts and audiences would be the different for it.

I trust that some good came out from that meeting. Took supper at Remonds. Friday—April 12—Salem, 1844

Another pleasant day. Anti-slavery meeting continued. We boys went to Lynn, felt very lonely. Returned at noon. P.M. went to the Lyceum Hall, some excellent speeches given. Evening, firing speeches by Garrison, Phillips and Foster. Closed the meeting with ‘’Get Off the Track.’’ House was crowd-

ed to the utmost.

Refreshments at Remond’s Oyster saloon. One hundred fifty

cents worth and we were no better for it.19°

Saturday—April 13, 1844 Went to Lynn. Parker Pillsbury called at Jesse’s, helped us fold programs, then went for the cars. Had a game of ball with James Buffum. Evening gave a concert at Lyceum Hall. Receipts from $75 to $100. Good house. Warm and cold hearts. Tickets 25 cents each.

Sunday, April 14, 1844. The finest spring day that I ever knew. Very warm, as much

SO aS Summer. |

Came to Boston this morning and here we are again at Francis Jackson’s. Left Jesse and the wives at Lynn. Jesse’s little child is a poor sickly thing. Death will soon lay his iron grasp upon it. Susan is not very well.1%1 Hordien is at Lynn where he is intending to get something ones t. Lenox Remond’s brother John was an oysterman at 5 Higginson 131Jesse Herbert ( 8 August 1843) died eight months later. None of the six children of Jesse and Susannah Hartshorn (1815-1851) lived to be four years

old, and most died in infancy. 255

“MUSIC RINGS”’

for his [???] Abby and I rode up from the depot. Judson and _ John walked. Francis Jackson is not well today. I am tired and sleepy. Wish to hear friend Pierpont this P.M. on ‘Capital Punish-

ment.’’ , I sigh and say Oh —— (a groan).

-Monday—Hartford—April 15, 1844 | At Eagle Hotel in our Chamber. Andrew and Judson are talking. John is writing. Zephaniah out walking. Abby upstairs sleeping. Jesse just came in, bought some new shoes. Came from Boston today. Rev. John Pierpont came with us. A beautiful day, some rain. Took dinner at Springfield. Boston to Springfield by railroad. Springfield to Hartford by steamboat, water wheel in the stern of the boat. Funny, sung ‘Get Off the Track’’ on the Connecticut River. _ Tuesday—Hartford—April 16, 1844

A cool windy pleasant morning. We stay at the Eagle Tavern and do not venture out much.

After breakfast, however, I went to the barbers and was shaved. We sung and played until dinner time. Played with | the “‘three balls’’%? that Andrew bought.

Andrew had a letter from his wife. , P.M. lie down on the bed and sleep for an hour quietly, arose

and felt refreshed. Again played with the balls in company with Judson. Then we all went and prepared for the concert _

| by changing our dresses. _

Evening: gave a concert at ‘Union Hall’”’ to a very intelligent, respectable and large audience consisting of from 3 to 400 per-

sons. Zephaniah and Andrew took charge of the door. We had a very hard time, the hall being crowded and of course © a very bad “’atmosphere’’ but we went through to the great

satisfaction of the audience (apparently). ,

John Pierpont came into our room after the concert and

132Probably juggling balls. __ Oo 256

I JANUARY - 19 MAY 1844

cheered us up but said the music did not sound near as well as at the Melodeon (Boston). Returned to our lodging, called for an apple pie, maple molasses, crackers and cheese. After eating quite hearty we retired to rest. It was cloudy in the P.M. and in the evening about 8% it rained quite fast. Hartford, April 17, 1844 We have just been to breakfast. We are in the Gents Parlor, Abby writing in her Journal, John tossing the ‘‘three balls’’ and Andrew is counting the number of times they pass them without missing (Andrew said 38). This is rather a gloomy day, cloudy, some rain and damp unpleasant air. We rest today and evening and give our second concert Thursday evening, April 18. I slept very well last night and had a very pleasant dream. I thought I climbed the rough hills of New Hampshire but did not find the object of my search, but on returning to my native village I found the object and with much joy returned to my own home bearing along with me my cherished jewel. I am

going to write a letter to the one I love best today. Thursday, April 18, 1844 We are at Hartford Eagle Tavern and engaged in singing and playing. It was a cool day. Andrew and Zephaniah complained very bitterly from fatigue. Evening gave second concert at Union Hall, receipts about $100. An attentive audience and although we had to labor hard yet the entire audience were highly pleased. After concert talked with Mrs. Pierpont. Abby had an introduction to Mrs. Sigourney, the poetess.1%° Went home, eat some pie, etc., after having a talk with an 133Lydia Howard Huntley Sigourney (1791-1865) was author of innumerable

poems, articles, and letters of a moralistic or sentimental bent, which filled

the pages of the day’s popular literary magazines. Called by some the ‘‘American Mrs. Hemans,”’ her work was collected in at least sixty-seven books published during her lifetime. 257

“MUSIC RINGS”’ | editor (Mr. Bowles)"4 and some friends from Middleto[w]n—

subject, slavery concerts. }

Friday—New Haven, April 19, 1844 Here we are all. All are here. Delightful place this. Started from Hartford via the cars at 612 o’clock A.M.., arrived here at about 9 o’clock. Took breakfast, etc. Saw a great blow up from the Boston “‘Atlas’’ of yesterday in regard to that radical song ‘’Get Off the Track’’ by Jesse. When the vocalists, known by the name of the ‘‘Hutchinson Family,’’ first made their appearance in Boston, we felt some interest for them, for their nativity, their simplicity of manners, and for their unadorned music. Although we have not much regard for what is improperly called ‘‘natural singing,’’ the declamation of these singers, in the musical recital of their stories and ballads, was graduated to the popular taste; and it had its influence. After the liberal patronage which these persons have received, we regretted to see that they have fallen into the hands of bad advisers, who have induced them to compose and sing this song. Their singing denunciation of domestic slavery was hardly a sufficient justification to ‘‘get out of the way’ so much as to denounce Henry Clay, the prominent candidate for the Presidency of the United States. We give the sixth

for notice: , |

stanza of the Song, as it is set down in the printed copy sent Rail Roads to Emancipation Cannot rest on Clay Foundation,

And the tracks of ‘‘the Magician”’ — | Are but Railroads to perdition.

- Pull up the Rails! Emancipation : Cannot rest on such foundation. |

If this family expect to make political capital, or pecuniary capital, out of songs of this description, they will be woefully

disappointed. |

34Probably Isaac N. Bolles who edited the Hartford Republican Courier. Another possibility, however, is Samuel Bowles, a native of Hartford who in 1844 established the Daily Republican in Springfield, thirty miles away. 258

1 JANUARY - 19 MAY 1844

Of the music, ‘‘Old Dan Tucker,’’ we have nothing to say; but if audiences can be entertained with the trashy words of this song, their poetical taste must be of a very low order.

With such mighty force of the pen, the Atlas tore into the Hutchinsons for daring to criticize the slaveholder Henry Clay. Other newspapers picked up the gauntlet though and came rushing to the defense. Only two days later, the 20th, the Boston Morning Chroni-

cle sardonically blared: ‘‘The Hutchinsons Doomed.” After the attention-grabbing headline, some background: ‘Our wise and influential neighbor, the Atlas, has poured the full thunder of its august

wrath upon the poor Hutchinsons and the public . . . are to regard the aforesaid tribe as from henceforth utterly extinct.’’ With the gentlest of touches, the Chronicle responded: ‘What a pity. How could you, Jesse, ‘denouce Henry Clay, the prominent candidate’ ever since 1824, ‘for the presidency?’ ’’ The writer concluded by com-

mending the singers’ for their politics, and at once chiding them: ‘“We happen to know that persons who went to their concerts during their late excursion, were sometimes greatly disappointed at hearing nothing—literally not one word in behalf of the slave or of liberty.’’ Those persons could take heart in the publication of ‘’Get Off the Track,’’ a song allowing no further closet commitments.

_ The Hutchinsons had the chance this night to attend a performance of another minstrel troupe, for the Congo Melodists were in town.?5 John wrote in his diary: Asa wanted to go and hear the Virginia Minstrels’** to-night,

but I persuaded him not to. So we had a family meeting, sang

“‘Old Hundred’’ and talked about heaven. How happy we shall be when we get home! The record shows they were ambivalent about the minstrel shows for several more years. There was a real attraction to its energy and excitement but uneasiness about its portrayal of the black man. In later years their repulsion was total.

355A bout whom more below.

136The Virginia Minstrels are generally thought the first minstrel troupe. As one of the best-known companies the confusion here with the Congo Melodists is understandable. 259

‘“‘MUSIC RINGS”’

New Haven—Saturday, April 20, 1844 This has been a pleasant cloudy gloomy day. We are all well. Andrew just came in and said he had not been so well for a

long time. | ae It is now 4% o'clock P.M. We sing tonight. John says his first offspring will be without arms.

Appearance of rain. :

Judson just read a laughable notice ‘‘Once on a Time or the Origin of Yankee Doodle.”” | The program published in several New Haven newspapers for the upcoming Hutchinson Family concert included a typographical error, finally caught by that Saturday’s New Haven Columbian

Register: | |

Laughable ridiculous.—The blunders of compositors in printing-offices are always provoking, tho’ sometimes laughable. Of the latter class is one which originated at the Courier office on Wednesday, and was copied ‘‘per order’’ into the other city

papers. In its programme of the Hutchinson’s Concert, the following entirely original composition was announced: ‘‘One at a time, or the virgin of yankee doodle.’’ | The musical reader undoubtedly detected in the above, not-

withstanding its disguise, the fine old song of ‘Once on a time, | or the origin of Yankee Doodle’’—but it was certainly the most

ridiculous blunder we remember to have seen.

It was quite funny. Zephaniah tells an Irish story. Ss Rev. Mr. Marsh from New York?’ called on us this P.M.

Fanny Lindsley sent best regards to Abby.

New Haven.) | Sunday, April 21, 1844 _(Tontin Hotel in front of the college in the pleasant city of

This day is dark, cloudy and rainy.

Zephaniah, John and Asa attended the Congregational , 187Rev. L.G. Marsh was pastor of New York’s Ebenezer Baptist Church. 260

1 JANUARY - 19 MAY 1844

Church opposite the hotel and heard the Rev. Mr. Marsh of New York preach. The sermon was good and if we would only

carry it into practice we should do very different from what we now do. I resolved strongly to mark out the true path of goodness and follow in it while listening to this ‘“Old Man Eloquent.’’ The singing was good. Returned to the hotel, talked with the brothers about the most proper and Christian mode to conduct ourselves. ‘Simple Susan’’ an excellent tale. Before tea we went to the College to attend prayers and hear the students sing. Two anthems they performed to good effect. Evening, attended a Washingtonian meeting. “Twas equal to antislavery meetings. Good speeches, crowded house, attentive listeners, music and good done. Monday morning—New Haven, April 22 O, this weather is truly exhilirating to one’s spirits but then we have a hot coal fire in our room and that makes it bad, but then we are going out pretty soon to visit the colleges. Judson is not very well this morning, complains of ‘‘the bowel complaint.’’ He is better this morning, however, than what he was last night. This is a real spring morning, clear bright morning. Had just rain enough yesterday to make it very pleasant this day. We give our second and last concert this evening. (Hartford Tuesday.) Yes, we did give a concert in the evening. The temple was crowded with the talent and fashion of New Haven, 600 persons were present. The members of Johnsons Brothers band198 were present but came late and therefore did not occupy seats

on the stage with us as was designed, as the crowd had taken possession. 138Johnson’s Brass and String Band was in New Haven planning to give a concert that very night, but the Daily Herald, reported they postponed it a day, rather than interfere with the Hutchinsons’ date. Assuming this was the group put together by Frank Johnson, likely since it was ‘’from Philadelphia,’’ it was a band in mourning for its esteemed bandmaster, who had died on the 6th of that April. 261

| Oe “MUSIC RINGS ”’ , Judson did not act the tetotaler for he was so faint and sick

that he took some wine. After we returned to the Tontin House we had some Lassesade under the direction of our new friend _

Dr. John Stone.*%° It was good. Retired.

Tuesday, April 23, 1844 Here we are at Hartford again. Zephaniah is just about sick. _ Andrew is in good spirits and so are the remnant. Judson and John are playing their violins most excruciatingly.

Our receipts for last night’s concert $250. |

Went this morning to attend the exhibition of the college | students. Some of the exercises were excellent, some very flat. Left New Haven at 11 o’clock a.m. by railroad. Arrived here

at about 2 o’clock p.m. Had dinner. Abby has purchased a dictionary, price 67 cents. |

now. | | | _ Hartford, Conn. Wednesday P.M., April 24, 1844

The weather now is quite pleasant. The sun shines. I felt wrathy towards John just before dinner but feel better

This morning before sunrise we had a very heavy thunder- _ storm. On getting up at 7% o’clock found heavy clouds hang- - |

| ing over us, and every appearance of a rainy day. At about

winds.”’ | , 7

- 10% the clouds let down a few drops, then the winds changed | somewhat and the heavy clouds were scattered to the ‘‘four We hada glorious ride A.M., with our landlord and a friend, _ Mr. Ely. Went to Weathersfield. Abby, John and Andrew and | Mr. Ely in one carriage, Zephaniah, Judson, Mr. Fesenden and

myself in another. Each carriage drawn by two noble horses. | Visited the ‘‘State’s Prison’’ at W. and found the overseer to

be from New Hampshire, having the name of Captain Pills- | bury. He was very kind to us. His brother waited upon us through the prison. From 150 to 200 convicts, 20 or 30 females all very busy cooking, shoemaking, chairmaking, chair polishing, making cutlery, hat braiding, etc. I never saw such good

262 | |

139Dr, John J. Stone was a dentist. |

Il JANUARY - 19 MAY 1844

order and neatness in any as at this prison. It is a good home. Saw a crazy man. The prisoners are allowed tobacco. Returned

home by the ‘‘Insane retreat’’, colleges, ‘‘Deaf and Dumb Asylum”’ and the Cemetery. Altogether we had a glorious and

profitable ride. Took dinner at 1 o’clock. John stopped at Mrs. Sigourney’s and left tickets for concert this evening. We are not all in the first rate health, J., J., A. and Abby. Last evening attended a meeting of the Tetotalers at Washington Hall. Poem by W.H. Burleigh, Esq.1° It was very deep and plain and excellent. John is playing the fiddle. Andrew asleep on the trunks. Abby writing. Thursday, April 25, 1844 Left Hartford for Springfield via of the Connecticut River going on the Yankee Steamboat. The day was pleasant and we had good company and enjoyed the ride very much. Passed through the canal to the extent of six miles. Arrived at Springfield at twelve o’clock. On coming from the boat saw men digging in the graveyard on the banks of the Connecticut. Drew near and noticed the coffin which had been disintered. Went next to the U. States House kept by Mr. Warriner. Took one of the best dinners that mortals are ever served to. After dinner returned to the cemetery where we viewed the decayed bones of many human beings. It was a solemn sight. These bones and bodies are dug up and conveyed to the tombs that the friends or relatives of the deceased may not feel hurt when the tracks of the railroad are layed and the engine is passing through the late deserted burying ground. Judson had peculiar sensations all the afternoon and evening, thinking of ‘‘dead men’s bones.’’ M40William Henry Burleigh (1812-1871), journalist, reformer, and brother of C.C. Burleigh. Formerly a lecturer for the American Anti-Slavery Society, he had been invited to Hartford by the Connecticut Anti-Slavery Society in 1843 to edit the Christian Freeman. 263

“MUSIC RINGS”’ a Evening gave a concert at the town hall, room nearly full. | : A musical audience quite. | oe | Andrew and I builded a stage just before the concert com-_

menced. ’Twas a funny one. . Kitridge was just about sick.

We went through the concert with ease, returned to our

rooms, had some refreshments. (A grand supper, by the way.) And then having talked on various subjects, Kitridge and An-

drew’s going to Boston, etc., we retired to rest. But we eat

too much supper to rest well. |

, Friday, April 26, 1844

Went to Northampton, twenty miles up the river. Started at nine o’clock. Went by stage. The day was rather cool and uncomfortable. Cloudy and some rain on the passage, but on | the whole quite comfortable. John and I rode on the outside

when near the town, crossed the Connecticut River. | _ Took lodgings at the Mansion House, grand building. Lazy i landlord and scanty victuals. But we made ourselves at home

as we always try to.

Took dinner at one o’clock P.M. Towards evening raincame _

on and continued through the day.

Augustus Clark"! called to us, very nervous. :

Evening rained so we took a stage to go to the town hall to give our vocal entertainment. Bad atmosphere, well filled room, good singing, ample satisfaction, notice of second and . last concert Monday evening, ‘Old Granite State’’ and get-

_ ting into the stage and going home. : _

Had refreshments. | | |

Kitridge is no better. Talked of having an emetic. |

Poor colored woman came into our concert, no respect paid

her. No, no. 7

Oo Saturday, April 27, 1844 Arose early, went to ‘The Community,’’ met James Boyle™

141Clarke was a leading merchant in Northampton. He advertised himself a dealer in ‘‘Crockery, Glass and Stone Ware, Boots and Shoes, Groceries,

| | 264 | |

_. Tron and Steel, Paper Hangings, Agricultural Implements &c &c.”’

1422From Boston and a member of the Northampton Association of Educa-

tion and Industry since 5 June 1842. ,

1 JANUARY - 19 MAY 1844

near his residence. He returned with us. Zephaniah and Abby came out in a vehicle. Found all things at the farm in a plain,

simple, rough, pleasant condition. The inhabitants seeming to enjoy themselves very much, although care and study was written on every brow. “The Community”’ was the so-called Florence Community, or more precisely, the Northampton Association of Education and Industry, another of the many such similar experiments in communal living, like the better-known Brook Farm in West Roxbury and Hopedale in Worcester County. Joseph Conant, Samuel L. Hill, William

Coe, George W. Benson, David Mack, and William Adam shared responsibility for the idea and the charter. And on 8 April 1842 the Association was formed with stock issues, articles of incorporation, by-laws, and a constitution with a preamble that laid out clearly the social concerns of the group. It read in part: It is impossible to survey the present condition of the world, the institutions of society, the general character of mankind, and their prevailing pursuits and tendencies, without perceiving the great evils that afflict humanity, and recognizing many

of them as the direct consequences of existing social arrangements. Life is with some a mere round of frivolous occupations or vicious enjoyments; with most a hard struggle for the bare means of subsistence. The former are exempted from productive labour while they enjoy its fruits: upon the latter it is imposed as a task with unreasonable severity and with inadequate

compensation. The one class is tempted to self-indulgence, pride, and oppression: the other is debased by ignorance and crime, by the conflict of passions and interests, by moral pollu-

tion, and by positive want and starvation.

It went on to claim further that governments and religions were united in an unholy alliance to tyrannize the people and render them impotent. The Association was established to countervail these evils

and provide a benign environment where people could work and develop. A set of principles articulated its aims quite clearly. Among them:

265

| | ‘“‘MUSIC RINGS”’ | | —Productive labour is the duty of every human being, and | every laborer has the exclusive right of enjoying and dispos- .

ing of the fruits of his labor. , , —It is the right of every human being to express the dictates

others. a : |

of his conscience on religious and all other subjects and to wor- , ship God under any form or in any manner agreeable to his convictions of duty, not interfering with the equal rights of __

rights of all are equal without distinction of sex, color - 7 or —The condition, sect or religion. | , |

| —(T)o combine for the purpose of counteraction, within a , greater or less sphere, the causes which have produced ig- | norance and vice, oppression and crime, bigotry, fanaticism —

and intolerance; of raising labour to its true dignity and giv- | ing to it its just rewards; of economizing labour and increasing its productiveness by means of machinery, of co-operation, —

and a wise division of the departments of industy; of securing _ the full enjoyment of liberty in thought, in word, and in action; and of promoting the progressive culture and full development of all the capacities of human nature by the union of

spiritual, intellectual, and practical attainments .. . ,

To press for such ideals was: ' —(C)onducive to the happiness and improvement of the world,

... the cause of freedom, of truth, and of goodness, and ac-

and the interest of all. |

cording to their means and opportunities is the right, the duty,

Sympathetic parties were invited to join with the founders in this | grand utopian experiment, working together, and, they hoped, sharing the profits of labor equitably. Over the five years of the Associa- | tion’s life, 210 persons enrolled, male and female, black and white, ,

‘married, widowed, and single, 128 adults and eighty-two children. _ Several factors worked against the community’s success. Some | blamed the principle of ‘‘fair argument,’’ which allowed for full

discussion of all problems without ‘‘praise or blame, no merit or | demerit, no reward or punishment’’; those ‘‘discussions very early

_ disconcerted the intolerance and bigotry of some within its fold.’’ More seriously though, the Association had gone into debt from the

first to pay for the land, necessary supplies and materiel, and the

, community never proved profitable enough to do more than make } basic payments on the loan. Labor and profit were seemingly in266

I JANUARY - 19 MAY 1844

compatible: perhaps not surprisingly, the well-being of the self proved more important to many than the good of the whole. Nevertheless, Florence Community lived on, if not in fact, then as a dream,

an ideal in the minds and lives of those touched by the noble experiment, not least of whom, as we shall see, were the Hutchinson Family.

Had a pleasant time at the Community. When Zephaniah came he went immediately to bed and James Boyle gave him an emetic, which relieved him much. We, however, took a cruise around the farm first. Many questions were asked in regard to the management, etc. We had a game of Bat Ball'** which we enjoyed. Then came

the dinner which was excellent and did us much good. After dinner had a sleeping spell. About three o’clock P.M. a rap at the door, and Frederick Douglass entered. Then came shaking hands, pulling and hauling, loud talking, laughing, embracing, etc. We had not seen Fred for nearly a year. He was in good health, full of anecdotes. After supper had another play at ball, the young men joining us. Evening. Meeting when we sung a few pieces. Then came the business transactions, and having talked with Kitridge and become acquainted with some of the young ladies, we returned to rest. Andrew having gone to town, John and I slept together. Judson went to the next house and slept with Douglas. Had a very refreshing rest although in a humble, plain boarded, unpainted room. A delightful situation they have with water power and land sufficient to give employment to thousands. Everything in 143This is a generic term that covered several games of bat and ball. Among the games they might have been playing: ‘‘rounders,’’ much like baseball, but with the bases in reverse and a runner who is put “‘out’’ by being struck with the ball; ‘‘cat,’’ which involved a pitcher and catcher, and a batter who runs between two bases after hitting the ball, until put ‘‘out’’ in the same manner as rounders; or perhaps even baseball itself, just at this time being shaped from several other games. 267

“MUSIC RINGS” | plain style, neat and good, excellent water and in great plenty. They can and will make a home for the free, I hope.

7 Sunday, April 28, 1844 | Was a delightful day. Sunshine. A.M. had a meeting of the community friends in the dining room. We sung and Frederick Douglass preached to them. He told the tale of John L. Brown who was to have been whipped, etc., which made many of his hearers shed tears of real grief, tears for suffering humanity.1*4 The room was full. P.M. Walked down to the woods after eating some lunch-

eon. Many of the boys went to playing ball, which I did not like. But we went to the woods and talked and laughed and I suppose were just as wicked as they. I do like to have the _ Sabath a day of rest and not a day of feasting, jollity and play. At two o'clock meeting again. James Boyle read from manu-

script what he had been preparing showing the consistency _ of their farming such a body. He uttered many truths. Asa also talked. So did a colored woman. Had supper, then started off for the village (Northampton) _

where Frederick Douglass gave a most pithy and eloquent | | speech in the town hall to a crowded house. We sung twice.

“The Negro’s Complaint’’ and ‘’Over the Mountain.’’ Much | good resulted from that meeting I cordially think. They came , down from the community in their carriages. They are perse-. cuted by the aristocracy of Northampton. The audience were

very quiet however. | - So | The meeting received comment in the local Hampshire Gazette on the 30th, which articulated quite clearly the attitudes many held at

the time towards antislavery meetings, the suspicions they carried 144Brown, a white from South Carolina, was convicted in 1843 of aiding the escape of a young female slave. First sentenced to hang, the sentence was ©

reduced in March to thirty-nine lashes, then commuted altogether. But before this became known American and English abolitionists rallied around Brown as a cause celébre; petitions and protests poured into South Carolina,

and further ill-will was engendered between North and South. ,

268

I JANUARY - 19 MAY 1844

towards those at the Community, and the general unwillingness to believe that the Hutchinsons were really involved in all this. ABOLITION MEETING. The Garrison abolitionists at the ‘“‘Community,’’ availing themselves of the popularity of the “‘Hutchinson Family’’ as singers, announced on Sunday, by glaring handbills posted up, that Frederick Douglass, a fugitive slave, would deliver an anti-slavery address at the Town Hall in the evening, and that the Hutchinsons would sing. A great number congregated, many more than could find seats, and a majority of them, undoubtedly, came to hear the singing. The Hutchinsons, in their beautiful tones, sung Cowper’s ad-

mirable ballad, the ‘“Negro’s Complaint,’’ and then Mr. Douglass commenced his address. He adverted to the present state of the anti-slavery enterprise, as compared with its history when combatted at every step by the ‘“mobocracy,”’ and to the obstacles now in its way. He had come to the conclusion, that the greatest enemy of the anti-slavery cause is the Church. This is the bulwark of slavery. Henry Clay came in for a share of his maledictions, and in the course of the evening, we are informed

—for we did not stay a great while—that Van Buren and Calhoun also came under his ban. Our Senators, also, Messrs. Bates and Choate, were taken off with the best of his powers of mimickry and burlesque. He also attempted to imitate the preaching of a Methodist minister, in addressing a congregation of slaves, and gave a very ludicrous account of the conver-

sion of his master, all of which produced much merriment. Such things must have been very interesting to the professedly

religious part of the audience. And in addition to this, we understand that he politely informed his audience that they were a set of hypocrites. Some were inclined to make disturbance; but we say, if people wish to hear such stuff, let them hear it. We regret, however, that the Hutchinsons should have

suffered themselves to be used in such a manner.

We returned to the Mansion House. Kitridge remained at the Community. A hearty shake with Frederick on parting. Others than the local folk were suspicious of the communists. 269

“MUSIC RINGS”’ , | Having early taken a critical view of the Hutchinsons, the Boston | _ Atlas was untiring in its pursuit of ways to sully their reputations, and it latched onto their visit. The paper wrote that the Hutchinsons “‘have serious thoughts of joining the social community at (Florence). This association comprises all colors, from jet black to

pure white.’’ Further: : ,

‘‘Abbey,’’ who attracted so much attention in New York, by the modesty of her deportment, and her child-like simplicity, ““passed two or three days and nights at the ‘community,’ and on a Sabbath afternoon, was gallanted to her hotel by one of

its members, and he a huge black man!‘ A copy of this notice was preserved in a scrapbook kept by Asa, and penned above the clipping in his hand: ‘‘A base falshood, origi- __

nated and circulated by the enimies of the slave.’’ a

| , |Was | Monday, April 29, 1844 | a glorious day. We had a ride and walk to Mount , | Holyoke, crossing over the Connecticut River. The highest we |

: have ever been yet.15 | OS On our return found Kitridge. He was better so as to attend

to the business. Took dinner, after which went with A. Clark, |

rolled balls of ninepins.1“¢ Pretty happy. a

A sunshine warm day. | a | Evening, gave our last concert at the town hall, over five ©

hundred persons present, receipts $128—. Such a jam we | seldom have. Good satisfaction given. Returned home when

we bid goodbye to the Community brotherhood and having | returned to our rooms and talked a good deal, retired to rest.

Abby’s first appearance on Mount Holyoke. |

| | , Tuesday, April 30, 1844 | A grand, pleasant, dusty day. | Went to Springfield by stage. Enjoyed the ride. Stopped at

the U.S. Hotel, took dinner, too rich. —_ 45Mt. Holyoke is 878 feet high. In fact when they crossed the Green Moun- __

270 | ,

tains two years earlier they were at a higher elevation. _ | 146A bowling game much like the modern one, but without the head pin.

I JANUARY - 19 MAY 1844

After dinner visited the U.S. Arsenal. 93 thousand 786 guns in one building. A very pleasant overseer. Coming home met

a sailor. Gave $2.40—humbug. | Evening went into the town hall. Judson would not go. Lecture. John and Abby went. Tea party there. Fine time.1#” Went

back to my room tired and went to bed. Wednesday, May 1, 1844 As fine a day as we generally see in spring. We give our second and last concert in Springfield, expect a crowded house. Abby is writing, Judson and John have gone downstairs. Our living here at the U.S. House is too rich for to enjoy good health. I wish to go home. Kitridge went to Boston yesterday. Thursday, May 2, 1844 Left Springfield early, taking the cars at 6% o’clock A.M. The day was pleasant.

Our concert Wednesday evening was fully attended. Receipts $100.00. Arrived at Boston at about 11% o’clock. Took ourselves and baggage to Francis Jackson’s by coach. Andrew took a cab and

went to see his dear wife and children at Purchase street. Found Harriet well. Francis'4® was there enjoying good

health but ill tempered. She was crying with John when I saw her. Learned that Judson’s wife and Benjamin were at Lynn. So Judson and I started right off for the Eastern depot. ‘’Too late for the cars’’ and so were detained until 2% o'clock train. When

we atrived, found Francis and Susan. The rest had gone to the beach for amusement. When they returned, had a pleasant interview. Had a ride with James B[uffum?]. Being weary we retired to rest at an early hour. Benj. and I slept in the kitchen bedroom. 147The ladies of Springfield were celebrating May Day’s Eve by sponsoring

a festival, with entertainment and refreshments. 148Fanny Hutchinson. 271

‘““MUSIC RINGS”’

| Friday—May 3, 1844 A pleasant day (I believe). Had breakfast, after which John, | Judson and myself had a short ride about the town of Lynn. Visited Joseph Smithursts!” house and at 9 o’clock took train for Boston. Of course, went to the Antislavery House. Tryed

to rest. Had the horrors some. Strong talk of a general separation | at the Old Home in Milford. John’s wife and I go for it, each

from different motives. |

The crisis in the Hutchinson home had to do with the break-up

of the family property, earlier signed over to the six youngest children as their legacy. It was apparently thought the right time to decide the manner of division, now that Jesse Sr. was sixty-six. This process was not unimportant, for the assets were of considerable value: the well-located farm, of good size for the day (160 acres),

a building in Milford, another small farm outside of town, and a

piece of land ‘‘mainly swamp and mowing.” | | The example of Florence Community and Brook Farm had altered some perceptions of the way a farm could be run. John, for example, ‘‘a strong believer in the idea of community,’’ argued for maintaining

the property as a collective with each sharing in the responsibility, __ work, and rewards. Yet there was not unanimity. John wrote:

(A) discussion commenced on the question of our future. Brother Benjamin was not satisfied with our plan of living together on the farm. Asa was opposed to it and it was not entirely agreeable to my wife. Judson and Abby agreed with me

that it should be continued. :

Clearly some strongly differing views were at war here, and they will be heard on these pages again. But in the end, the community experiment was tried. The agreement was that the quartet would © put all their concert earnings into a ‘“community treasury,’’ the property would be owned jointly, and that all would return to full-time _

farming in the immediate future. —

149Joseph W. Smithurst was an accountant at 10 Exchange Street; had the Hutchinsons hired someone to manage their new prosperity? |

272

I JANUARY - 19 MAY 1844

Saturday—May 4, 1844

Most pleasant cloudy day. Beny and Jesse came up from Lynn.

Jesse shew me his other new song named “The Bereaved | Slave Mother,’’ which is good, different from ‘‘Get Off the Track,’” however.1°°

Evening gave our last concert at the Melodeon. The house was well filled, receipts at door $100, money from tickets. We felt very dead or stupid and barely went through the concert without falling asleep. Concert went off very well. Had some rain towards evening. Jerusha and Abby and Zephaniah’s wife went home. Sunday—May 5, 1844 A clear, bright cool day. Took a walk to South Boston with Benjamin, Judson, Zeph., John, Abby, Harriet [Jackson] and [2???] Saw Miss Emerson. All pretty comfortable. Returned, took dinner at Francis Jackson’s. Breakfast at An-

drew’s, baked beans. P.M. I went to hear John Pierpont preach with his A.S. friends and Brother Benjamin. At evening took a walk on the Common. Judson went to bed with the blues. Monday—May 6, 1844

At morn clear, at noon cloudy, at eve rain. Gave a concert at Cambridge port, receipts $32. Awful night and still calm and pleasant. P.M. Jesse, Benjamin and Francis Jackson with many abolitionists went to New York, or started for it, all in good spirits.

We bought summer hats, price $2 each. Also carpets and rugs. Paid for all $73. 150A gain the cover was distinctive, this one of a slave auction with the Capitol

Building and Washington, D.C. in the background. This extremely simple Piece was performed several times over the next six months, but never attained a fraction the popularity of ‘“Get Off the Track.’’ 151They were on their way to attend the annual meeting of the American Anti-Slavery Society, held 7-9 May. It was at this meeting the society adopted the stance emblazed in the slogan: ‘‘No Union with Slaveholders.”’ 273

“MUSIC RINGS” | | Took Aikin’s coach to go to C.p.t., stopped at George Jones and had some good meat. Andrew rode home on the outside. __ _ Harriet was in readiness when we came, having prepared pies,

cakes, crackers, molasses, etc. for us. , :

| | |This| Tuesday—May 7, 1844 | is a glorious day. Cool, clear, windy, healthful day. We go to Charlestown to give a concert this evening. I have been about town today, bought a hat tree and umbrella stand,

price $6. Bought a hat, presented it to Kitridge, price $2. |

Bought a picture for Hetty? $.037%. |

| Read some in Combs works entitled ‘“The Constitution of

_ Man/’’153 and had a refreshing sleep. _ | We go home tomorrow. Oh, we are so pleased about it. Oh, how I long to see ____. Andrew and Zephaniah hunger to go

to Charleston. | a |

I hope that I shall be honest and good. If I do right, I need not fear the consequences. Something of great importance is

to befall us, I think. — Wednesday, May 8th, 1844 Left Boston for our home in Milford. Went to Nashua by the railroad, there took a stage which conveyed us to our shelter. Was glad to get home, but sorry to find so much discord among the family. Father had trouble and was at work _ at Milford Village with Joshua on the new house and old store.

Mother, Rhoda and Jerusha were smart, considering.

P.M. went to the village to see Father and Joshua. Kitridge | | arrived in town with the ‘‘Old Giraffe,’’ towards night, all tired _

_The bed. oe | day was pleasant. | Oo out. Evening returned home, talked and rested and went to

autobiography. Oo .

182John referred to Zephaniah’s daughter Harriet as ‘‘Hettie’’ in his 53George Combe’s book, first published in 1828, enjoyed several editions ,

and was read by thousands of Americans. He expounded there on his belief in causal relationships between nature, natural laws, and a successful and

274 |

happy life. The Hutchinsons would meet Combe, a Scotsman, during their

trip to his country in 1846. oe

I JANUARY - 19 MAY 1844

At Charlestown Tuesday evening we had an excellent audience, receipts $100. Andrew was with us. Thursday, May 9th, 1844 Up rather late in the morning from my bed of straw and thick blankets. Rested well. Pleasant day, I believe. Went to the village. Talked with Joshua, Father and townspeople. A.M. planted potatoes with ‘‘George’’4 and [Isaac] Appleton [Bartlett] out west of the barn. P.M. having had a good talk with Father and Joshua and cautioned the latter not to expend too much in the repairing of the old store, I returned home. At night sighed, mourned and went to bed.

Mother worried much because Father was away from home.® Many stories going the rounds in regard to those Hutchinsons, etc.

Friday, May 10th, 1844

Worked some about the house, read my book a little. P.M. went to the village with Mrs. Elisa Burns’*, visiting her sister-in-law Mrs. ____ (name _ forgotten, Emeline Burns

formerly’). Found Benjamin at William Wallace’s store in good spirits, not on Friday, however, but Saturday. Rode home with Judson, Jerusha and Rhoda. Evening good sleep. Saturday, May 11th, 1844 Rainy, pleasant, uncomfortable, calm, rough day. Caleb called to see us. Cleaning up in the house. P.M. went to the village, had another talk with Father. George consented to go home and so came, with Judson. I visited with John P. Adams, Aunts Hannah and Betsy, 154Unidentified, but likely the temporary farm hand with that name mentioned in an article in the New York Mirror (22 June 1844). 155Jesse Sr., according to John’s record, ‘‘had a great idea of doing missionary

work as a preacher’’ at that time, and was probably away from home on that account. 156Flizabeth Hutchinson Burns (1816-1885); no close relation. 157Emeline (1817-1847) was married to Isaac Cummings. 158Aunt Betsey (1793-1850) was an unmarried younger sister to Polly. 275

“MUSIC RINGS”’

in a little red house near Mr. Wilson’s, prior to our going to the village. They were quite well. First time that I had seen

Aunt Betsy for years. |

Well at town found Benjamin. Walked home with him, leaving John W. to take the horse from John P. Heard with much wonder the riot at Philadelphia and also the good times in New

York. Talked, sung, and went to bed. Sunday, May 12th, 1844 Went to a Baptist and Congregational meeting, Smith B. and Abner B. Warner. The latter was truly eloquent.%? Saw the old familiar faces at both houses. "Twas really charming. Returned home with Noah H. His mother sings finely.1© Went to see my aunts again with Ann Marvel! and Abby.

noon. oe

| Monday—May 13th, 1844

After breakfast and prayers we had a talk on community affairs. We felt quite zealous for good but grew cold about P.M. Calls for division. We tried to have it, could not agree.

Appleton and Benjamin went for equal distribution. Judson was not willing. After supper Judson and John grew grieved and the former came near having the ‘‘unmanageable horrors,’’ crying, etc. This house was a house of grief and crying

that night. | |

William R. French called to see us and borrow some money.

89Rev. Warner was in the vanguard of Congregational ministers who had taken a firm stand against slavery. In fact, in the liberal Milford tradition, the church as a whole had endorsed his position. 160Perhaps brother Noah (1805-1873). Polly was said to have as fine a voice

as her twin sister Sarah (1785-1817), of whom it was written: I have since heard Madame Malibran, Madame Sontag, Jenny Lind, and an oratorio in St. Xavier’s Chapel, from the choir of Pope Pius IX, on the evening of his coronation, and I have not yet heard a voice so rich and inspiring as that of Miss Leavitt. Does such a voice come

as often as once in a century? Oo

161A cousin to the Hutchinsons. There were Marvell’s on both sides: Jesse Sr.’s sister Sarah married William, and Polly’s sister Roxanna married John,

but genealogical information is not available to define the relationship further. 276

I JANUARY - 19 MAY 1844

Agreed to meet him at this house on Wednesday P.M. prior to a visit to N[elson]. After he left we all retired to rest. Not much rest that night. Tuesday—May 14th, 1844

Very little said about communities but we put down the carpets in the sitting room and mother’s room. Abby was sick

P.M. and in the evening Judson and I gave her an emetic. Mother quite nervous and tired. Quite a rainy day. Father went

to work down town.

Wednesday—May 15th, 1844

A glorious day. Benj. and I sowed some carrot seed in an onion bed. (Onions no go.) All in pretty good spirits. Abby is smart. Baby cries. Reading old letters sent to Abby 1837 here

in Rhoda’s chamber.

P.M. Rode out in the carry-all with Mother, stopped at Joshua’s, counted over money for William R. French, also gave Zephaniah 1% part of $10 which I found in my trunk, Baltimore

money.

Went to Wms next, gave him one hundred and 6 dollars for which I received a note of Israel Goodwin.1® Received $206 from William to convey to Simeon Laken!® of Hancock on my

way to the White Hills. Returned home at last, put up my horse, eat supper, walked, read, prepared for my journey and

went to bed. Joshua’s horse and J. Bartlett’s carriage kept over.

Thursday—Milford, May 16th, 1844 A cloudy morning, appearance of rain. Started for Nelson in good glee. Rain came on about 9 o’clock and continued till 2 o’clock P.M. Met Mr. Silas French and sister one mile beyond Greenfield.

Much pleased to see them. They went on, I went to Mr. Laken’s, delivered the money from William. Horse went fast,

not hurt, however. 162(1817-1860); a farmer.

163Simeon Lakin (1788-1869) was a respected citizen of Hancock. 277

“MUSIC RINGS”’

Returning home, stopped to see Sister Betsy! and carried her out on a short ride, then went home, took supper (din-

the night. | | | Friday—May 17th, 1844 ner at Greenfield) and went to the village. Expense all $3.0854.

_ _ Then I went to settle with William. Remained there through

Returned home. Rainy. Rode to the village with Silas French,

took dinner with Zephaniah, went home and was half sick, having taken cold. Went to bed early, slept with Benny.

| Milford, May 18th, Saturday | Was stormy nearly all day. We went after breakfast to see if Aunt Carry’s!© land was worth what she asked for it. Concluded to buy it, price of $150. After dinner we went to Milford. —

Judson and I bot several articles and found our hatstand at Turner’s?® and took it home with the rest of the things. I broke

it in the store in attempting to carry it into the house. Had our clock repaired by Mr. Tucker in the A.M. After supper Benjamin, Judson and Asa went on a tramp

up to the cow pasture. Found partridge, bush and plumbs, , birchbark and above all the old Turkey. The weather was fine

and clear when we had this walk, all the dark heavy clouds having moved away. Returned home—found the boys there eating supper. Father was there also, good, kind father. Milford, May 19th, Sunday, 1844 Went A.M. to hear Rev. John Richardson preach. Played

the bass viol or double bass.1% | Dinner with Zephaniah.

164Qbscure. A sister Elizabeth was born in 1824, but had died in 1828. Perhaps this is a reference to Aunt Betsey. t&SNo Aunt Carry shows up in the immediate family tree.

166Perhaps Granville Turner (1815-1897). ,

167In the eighteenth and obviously well into the nineteenth centuries, churches without organs commonly had a ‘cello or double bass accompany the

hymn-singing by playing the bass line. Extant photographs and jillustrations always show Asa playing a ‘cello, although he does so standing up. The Milford, NH Historical Society has a instrument alleged to be the one

played by Asa. , , , 278

I JANUARY - 19 MAY 1844

P.M. went to hear Abner B. Warner’s discourse on music, ‘twas excellent. Singing did not compare with it. Returning home and stopped at the old school house. Father was exhorting the audience to be Christians, etc. There were several friends present. “Twas a peculiar meeting. We sung, ‘‘My Mother’s Bible’’ and then went home. And here I am writing on Abby’s secretary. A cold, chilly windy day. I wish I was a better boy.

279

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INTERCHAPTER 3

oS A Question of Being Late spring and summer came and, as was now the custom, the Hutchinsons returned to farming, and making their ‘‘community’’ work. The occasional antislavery or temperance meeting served as respite. Two of these, the New England Anti-Slavery Society Convention at the end of May and the New Hampshire meeting in early June, found the quartet sup-

plemented by others of the family: David, Noah, Caleb, Joshua, Benjamin, Zephaniah, Rhoda, and Fanny joined them at one time or another, a true community-family of reformers.

The Hutchinsons in turn had the antislavery movement come to them, befitting their new status as reform celebrities:

in mid-July there were visits by Parker Pillsbury, Francis Jackson, and William Lloyd Garrison. ‘‘Free-meetings’’ were organized of the ‘“Come-Outers”’ in Milford where Pillsbury

preached on one occasion and Garrison spoke on another. Come-Outers held to the side of the Church Question that believed those churches not speaking against the system of slavery were as culpable as the slave-holders, which then raised the issue of church membership. The Hutchinsons, in concert with others of like conscience, chose to leave a church

and a religion without, as they saw it, the fortitude to stand against egregious depravity.1 The Hutchinsons provided Milford with a Come-Outer meeting hall when their building was completed. In spite of these bursts of activity and an extended trip to 1Although when is not exactly clear in the case of the Hutchinsons. It sure-

ly was not as early as 1835, when John claimed he first came out—as a fourteen-year-old! 281

INTERCHAPTER THREE the White Mountains, detailed later, the summer was relatively

quiet. It was remembered years later by the Hutchinsons as among their happiest, and as the last with the family together.

The Hutchinson Family Singers had reached the apogee of

their success: they were relatively wealthy, the toasts of America’s cities, and the pride of her countrysides. For several years after they maintained their popularity very near the levels

enjoyed in 1844, but safe to say never transcended it. Given this, it might be the appropriate time to draw together some aspects of style and technique that contributed to their suc-

cess, examine them, and discuss the makings. | Running through nearly all their reviews, through their songs, advertising, and writings, dominating all else, is the theme of ‘“American-ness.’’ At the beginning of this chroni-

cle we read the advertising verse that asked, ‘‘Now we are come to seek our lot, Shall Native talent be forgot?’’ The response would be a resounding ‘‘No!’’ But this, an American, a true Yankee entertainment; .. . This family proves to a certainty, that we have American Musical talent .. . (T)hey reached the finale . . . (and) the silence was broken by one simultaneous, universal acclamation of prolonged and rapturous applause, shaking that immense edifice to its very foundations . . . When it was announced by one of the Managers of the [American Arts and Agriculture] Fair that this talented band of brothers were all ‘native American production’’ the air

was again rent with deafening thunders of applause. | Of the nearly two hundred reviews located for the period of their development and success in America, 1842-1845, an easy majority make note of the Family’s nationality, and always with pride. These reviewers were certain that the Hutchinsons represented a step in the right direction, and that the wrong direction had Americans embracing ‘‘foreign’’ styles then in vogue among certain parts of the society. 282

A QUESTION OF BEING

The Hutchinsons have a melody of their own, simple and truthful, the cultivation of which will render them eminent, independently of foreign embellishments. Their pieces touch the heart of multitudes, who would be unaffected by the more

splendid performance of our opera singers, and they thus render essential service by awakening in them a love of song.

Most professional musicians attempt rather to astonish than to please their audience. By soaring and quavering among the upper octaves, or growling in the profounder depths of the bass, or thrilling through a long and rapid passage without taking breath, or pouring out a prolonged volume of sound sufficient apparently to fatigue and exhaust the most capacious lung, they compel their listeners to wonder and admire; while yet it is felt through the whole performance that this laborious and elaborate execution gives less pleasure than the simple and

natural singing of a common ballad, or the union of two or three good voices in a harmony which has been familiar to us

from childhood. The voices of the Hutchinsons have great beauty, compass and power; and they sing in an easy, simple, natural style, which never fails to delight their audiences.

They are emphatically New-Englanders. They have none of

| the pretension, the foolish grimaces, and airs that so disgust us in some public performers, but they stand up in their simple, national attire, and sing, not act. Their songs have the same

characteristics. We have heard enough of the cadenzas, the trills, the flourishes, of Madame A, Signor B (we except, of course, the exquisite bird singing of our own Mrs. Lemon) and now turn with delight to the simple and unadorned airs of our

own people.

It may be that the Hutchinsons were benefiting from an overdue concern on the part of Americans for the national elements in their song. The question had been raised years, sometimes

decades, before in other American arts, and literature and painting had responded by the 1840s with well-developed national schools of expression. Or is it that to these singers should go the palm for finally forcing the issue? The historical problem broached is important, but one beyond the current musical ken to answer: like many of these chicken-and-the-egg pro-

positions, the answer probably lies somewhere between the 283

INTERCHAPTER THREE | poles suggested by the problem’s articulation. Analysis of responses to the singers will, however, help identify some of the aspects of style considered specially American, providing | us with a glimpse of the problem’s trappings, if not its heart. The Philadelphia Christian Observer noted tellingly: ‘’Their

music is simple . . . [of] native beauty that we find not in foreign music or musicians. It is eminently their own and American.’’ The analogy drawn here between the ‘’simple’’ and the ‘‘American”’ is extended further by other reviewers who saw an equation between “‘complicated”’ and ‘‘European music,’’ specifically Italian opera. A sample: _ Their sweet and simple melodies form a contrast no less striking than pleasing, to the elaborate and affected efforts of more assuming singers; and those who have a true musical taste uncorrupted by the miserable foreign mannerism of the day, will. not miss this opportunity of listening to the ‘‘minstrels of the Granite State.’’ There is music and melody in their songs. We cannot say as much of the Italian jargon in which some of our American singers (forsooth!) delight to screech out ear-piercing notes rivaling the sweet sounds produced by the filing of a saw.

The Hutchinsons do not torture us with this most romantic and affected Italian jargon—nor with this nerve-rasping, kroutdigesting, Hessian minstrelsy, nor with French squalling, nor

Spanish squealing; but they give us the eloquence of music in the natural harmony of their natural voices. There are no shrieks like the yell of a Pottawatomie squaw in the hug of a grizzly bear—no swoonings, no crocodile tears, no supercilious

rolling up of the eyes, no affected palpitations of the heart; but all is as simple and graceful as an alderman dissecting a canvass-back duck. (W)ho can regret the ‘Casta diva’’ of Castellan—admired but

not felt—when he feels moved and melted by the simple melodies of the Hutchinsons and sees around him that ‘‘Tears © will unbidden start?’’

A bravura or a shake would be as much out of place in the touching simplicity of the performance, as a wreath of French

flowers on the grave of the pure and true-hearted Mary.

284

A QUESTION OF BEING

In fact, an examination of the Hutchinsons’ songs after ‘“The Vulture of the Alps’’ reveals hardly any of the melodic or harmonic characteristics associated with nineteenth-century Italian opera or German art song. The music is rather “‘simple,’’ with diatonic melodies of limited range and contour, no pyrotechnics at all like those often found in Italian opera, and harmonies

that only rarely venture outside the three cornerstone chords of Western harmonic practice.” Even the sound they cultivated was an extension of the concept “‘simplicity.’’ It seems clear that audiences heard singing of a “’full, rich and mellifluous’’ tone that emphasized pure vowel sounds, with good intonation, which did not encourage forced sounds, and was neither harsh nor nasal: “‘the Hutchinsons seem to have discovered that the nose is of no more use in singing than in conversation.’’ The critics often referred to it as “‘sweet.”’ (T)heir voices are remarkably sweet and harmonious and the style of their singing is both admirable in itself and admirably adapted to please the taste of all lovers of melody. We could hardly give credit to our ears that such sweet, rich, bewitching music could come from the granite hills of New Hampshire.

The sound was one that the late twentieth century might also call ‘‘sweet’’ or “‘simple,’’ as the 1840s did, if we were not simply to consider it normal, as the 1840s obviously did not. Herein lies a (perhaps the) major contribution of the Hutchinson Family to the tradition of American popular song. This sound was particularly well-suited to another aspect of style that received much critical attention, again within the context of ‘‘simplicity’’: their blend. Given the Hutchinsons’ melody-alto-tenor-bass voicing, the long and strong tradition Yet ‘‘simple’’ most certainly did not extend so far in the other direction to what we today associate with the traditional, folk-ballad sound—a style that rural New Englanders in the 1840s must surely have known. In fact, one of the very few tradition ballads performed by the Family at all, ‘“Springfield Mountain,’’ appeared in their programs with the disclaimer: ‘As Sung in the Old-Fashioned Continental Style.’’

, 285

INTERCHAPTER THREE | of four-part New England hymnody and glee-singing, anda natural tendency towards mutual harmonic enrichment of their voices, perhaps due to a common genetic makeup, the Family could have been expected to cultivate the blend. John Hut-

chinson in his autobiography in fact spoke often of the importance of the blend to the quartet, of endless “‘practicing for perfect accord and harmony.”’ It must have worked for © he also boasted that the ‘blending of the voices was so perfect that it seemed quite impossible for the audience to distinguish the several parts.’’ The critics agreed. (I)t is the perfect blending of harmonious voices, the practical skill, the admirable expression, the intonation, the articulation,

that delights the ear . . . we have had nothing like it here. (T)hey ... rely . . . upon the art of blending their voices in

perfect harmony.

So finely do they harmonize that the four seem one. (T)he | melody of voices occasionally bore a close resemblance to that

of the Aeolian Harp. ,

The Hutchinson Family’s sense of the vocal blend itself was not completely new, although John noted it ‘“was rare in those early days.’’ Its incorporation into an enormously popular, commercial music idiom was something novel though. In fact,

the Hutchinsons, in the long-run, are probably most respon- | sible for taking the four-part blend and bringing it into the mainstream of American popular song. Not only is the format of the various “‘family,’’ ‘“brother,’’ and ‘‘sister’’ acts of the twentieth century—e.g., the Osmonds, the Brothers Four, the Andrews Sisters—beholden to the Hutchinsons, but also very likely their sweet sound, one based on a rich vocal blend. Yet one other aspect of the new “‘simplicity’’ is frequently identified in the reviews. N.P. Rogers early noted of the Hutchinsons: ‘‘they . . . pronounce language well, and as though

they understood and felt it,’’ and later spoke of ‘‘their clear enunciation and their fine appreciation of the poetry.’’ The Journal of Commerce said that ‘‘the singers pronounce our language like good scholars; they enunciate and emphasize |

286 |

A QUESTION OF BEING

with excellent and cultivated, though not perverted taste.’’ The Concord White Mountain Torrent: ‘I have listened to many a

choir, and all I could do I couldn’t tell one single word they sung. But when you hear the ‘Hutchinsons’ you don’t want a psalm book in your hand to catch the ideas. They sing their very thoughts right into you.’’ The Lynn A Pebble Against the Tide: ‘’(T)hey sing the words of their well selected songs! ... Such music never comes from your Frenchified ‘artistes’—those

musical automatas, who much delight the brainless, soulless and heartless aristocracy.’’ And we have the examples here in the journals of the Hutchinsons themselves criticizing performers who did not articulate clearly, or commending them if they did. In fact, as the Hutchinsons obliquely acknowledged, the idea was not fresh with them; Henry Russell was probably first responsible for introducing the concept to the musical stage. After their joint examples, precise enunciation became a sine qua non of popular song performance for more than a century. Another last review, one so keen in its perceptions as almost to capsulate the most salient elements of style in the Hutchinson Family’s music. This from the Brooklyn Daily Eagle. We do wish the good ladies and gentlemen of America would be truer to themselves and to legitimate refinement. With all honor and glory to the land of the olive tree and the vine, fairskied Italy—with no turning up of noses at Germany, France,

or England—we humbly demand whether we have not run after their beauties long enough . . . The music of feeling— heart music as distinguished from art music—is well exemplified in such singing as the Hutchinsons’ . . . With the richest physical power—with the guidance of discretion, and

taste, and experience—with the mellowing influence of discipline—it is marvellous that they do not entirely supplant the stale, second hand, foreign method, with its flourishes, its

ridiculous sentimentality, its anti-republican spirit, and its sycophantic tainting the young taste of the nation! We allude

to, and especially commend . . . this school of singing. . . Because whatever touches the heart is better than what is merely addressed to the ear. Elegant simplicity in manner is more

judicious than the dancing school bows and curtsies, and in287

INTERCHAPTER THREE

ane smiles, and kissing of the tips of a kid glove a la Pico. Songs

whose words you can hear and understand are preferable to a mass of unintelligible stuff . . . Sensible sweetness is better than all distorted by unnatural nonsense.

The author of this piece, a former passionate admirer of Italian

opera, would become one of America’s great voices calling for popular pride in the nation’s cultural heritage and her unique expression: the paper’s new editor, one Walt Whitman.

Like the style of the Hutchinsons, their repertory reached a degree of maturity by 1844, and it too featured national qualities. A program both typical and exemplary of this new attitude is that for the concert at New Haven, Connecticut on

22 April 1844. ,

PART FIRST

Quartette Land of Washington |

Quartette Peaceful Slumbering on the Ocean

Ballad The Irish Emigrant’s Lament _ Quartette The Cot Where We Were Born

PART SECOND My Mother’s Bible

— Solo Recollections of Home

Trio Rockaway |

_ Excelsior oo PART THIRD

Quartette The Grave of Bonaparte

, Quartette Once on a Time, or the Origin of

Yankee Doodle |

|Finale The Maniac The Old Granite State | | The program divides into three sections, starts off and ends with a quartet, and provides opportunities for the occasional solo, all quite typical. The lyricists were George P. Morris, who 288

A QUESTION OF BEING

had three pieces here, Henry John Sharpe, Henry W. Longfellow, and other lesser-knowns. This group was also typical, and all were Americans. Of the composers, Heath had three pieces on the program, while the Hutchinson Family itself led the list with four. Others had only one, except for Henry Russell who placed two—one the ballad ‘’Rockaway,’’ the other the highly-melodramatic ‘The Maniac.”’ If we remember that Russell, like Dempster, spent many years in America, and

aimed his production here at American audiences, we may say the composers were too all American. In any case, all the songs were composed in America for American consumption. The subject matter ranged over a broad spectrum that included the patriotic, the idyllic, nostalgia, death, mother, home, wanderlust, religion, ‘‘aspirations of genius,’’ romantic idealization, sentimentality, comedy, histrionics, social problems, politics, and family life. Most of these categories would receive treatment in any account of mid-nineteenthcentury American culture. Books and articles have been written on them. Taken together they are a potpourri of topics that would likely have engaged typical American audiences of that day: ‘their selection of pieces is such as to please by turns, people of all tastes,’’ wrote the Portsmouth Journal. Not only did the Hutchinsons sing in a manner their audiences believed to be uniquely American, they sang about things that in the composite especially concerned Americans, and used American writers, composers, and sources to do it. John Hutchinson wrote: ‘’Perhaps it is scarcely necessary to point out that not only during our foreign tours were we recognized as in the strictest sense, ‘American singers,’ but that during our long career, we were never anything else.”’ Audiences by the thousands, ultimately millions, and critics by the score certainly saw and heard something different in the Hutchinson Family from the very first. That this ““some-

thing’’ was branded ‘‘American”’ time and again would be | merely incidental were it not for the fact that a catalog of the Hutchinsons’ ‘‘unique’’ qualities—simplicity, the sweet sound,

the blend of voices, clear enunciation, the sentimental cheekby-jowl with the meaningful, the bumptiously patriotic with 289

INTERCHAPTER THREE

| the serious, the comic with the concern for social justice, almost exclusively American composition—along with aggressive mer-

chandising of their product, all taken together could apply to much of American popular music for the next one hundred years. So not only were the Hutchinsons speaking to and with their own epoch, in an original voice, they were establishing | a style and format that would serve in good stead American

century. a |

popular song up until the middle decades of the twentieth

290

PART IV:

“The Spirit Moves”’

ae 29 SEPTEMBER 1844 — 8 MAY 1845

BLANK PAGE

29 SEPTEMBER 1844 - 8 MAY 1845

H (Abby stops me) Hallowell, M.E. (Down East) Sunday, September 29th, 1844 At the Hallowell House.! For the first time since I left home I opened this book of scrat-

ches. My reason for not continuing as I had commenced to write daily in these blank pages, has been that I have not had time or patience to put a pen on such poor paper as I find this to be. I want the best of paper when I write in order to get off anything any way passable. I intended to have given a brief account of our ‘“White Mountain’”’ tramp which took place or transpired in the pleasant month of August, one of the happiest times that I ever had in company with some choice spirits, viz.: Wm. A. White of Watertown, Mass., Mary Lincoln of Hingham, Mass.,? Harriet B. Jackson, Boston, Mass.

Brothers Benjamin, Zephaniah, his wife and child, John, his wife, Judson and wife, Abby and Asa and (another pen) then those charming, good, heavenly, angel-like Rogers, Mary, Caroline and Ellen,? and John R. French* and good friend Granville Turner, who drove the team. O, we had a good time, too good to try and describe it or anything I saw on our visit.

I haven't the power thus to do. The trip was part holiday and part movable antislavery convention. Young people traveling together to one of New England’s most

beautiful spots were certain to have fun. John mentioned camping out, horseback riding, mountain climbing, trout-fishing, swimming, rowing, picnics, singing, all the ingredients for a fine time. There was a modicum of work involved for the quartet though, who gave ‘’People’s Concerts’’ in Concord, Plymouth, Littleton, 1Since June 1841, the Hallowell House had been a temperance inn. 2Probably Mary Ware Lincoln (b.1820), an active abolitionist who was the daughter of Jairus Lincoln, compiler of Anti-Slavery Melodies: for the Friends of Freedom; Prepared for the Hingham Anti-Slavery Society (Hingham: Elijah B. Gill, 1843). 3Daughters of N.P. Rogers. 4John Robert French (1819-1890), editor, later served in the Treasury Department under Lincoln, very briefly as a Congressman from North Carolina,

and as Sergeant-At-Arms of the U.S. Senate. At the time he was printer of the Herald of Freedom, and the prospective son-in-law of N.P. Rogers. 293

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“PECULIAR SCENES AND TRIALS’’

Returned home, stepped into Mrs. Kelley’s theatre”? to hear

Henry Russell sing ‘““The Pauper’s Drive.’’ It was a dead failure. O, poor Russell has seen his best days in the musical world. I wish he was a decent man, saying nothing about his

being good. | |

23rd January last concert in Manchester to a crowded house. 24th went to London, a distance of 200 miles. Sunday, 25th, rain. Rested. ‘‘Noggs’’ with us. Monday evening, 26th, sung

at the British and Foreign ‘‘destitute.’’** Tuesday evening, 27th, visited the Misses Cushman, American tragic actors.” Saw Miss [Eliza] Cook. Wednesday, January 28th, Haymarket Theater. Heard the Misses C[ushman] play Romeo and Juliet. 29th, Thursday, Julliens band at concert?6 Friday Ethiopians?” 3Francis Maria Kelly (1790-1882) had added onto her house at 73 Dean Street

entertainments. | : -

in Soho a theater that served her drama school as well as for. public 24The British and Foreign Institute was established in 1843, principally resulting from the efforts of James Silk Buckingham, adventurer, editor, and Member of Parliament. It was located at 13 George St., just south of Hanover Square. Punch (q.v.) ridiculed Buckingham’s social and literary pretensions by terming his society the ‘’Literary and Foreign Destitute,’’ hence Asa’s usage. The occasion this day, according to John’s history, was

a Buckingham ‘‘Soirée’’ where the Hutchinsons sang four songs. 5Charlotte (1816-1876) and Susan (1822-1859) Cushman, in England since early 1845, were among the first American actresses to play on the London stage. Currently, their Romeo and Juliet (Charlotte as Romeo, Susan the Juliet)

was one of the biggest hits of the theatrical season. So powerful were Charlotte’s characterizations she has been called America’s greatest actress. 26Louis Antoine Jullien (1812-1860) went to London in 1840 to escape his

French creditors. Once there he organized and conducted tremendously popular orchestral concerts famous for their ostentation (Jullien held his jewel-encrusted baton, presented him on a silver salver, delicately in fine white-gloved hands). The night the Hutchinsons attended they heard pieces from favorite operas of the day by Flotow and Donizetti, dances and novelty pieces by Roch-Albert, Bonnetti, and Jullien himself, and the ‘‘Allegretto’’

from Beethoven’s Symphony in F, among other selections. 27The Ethiopian Serenaders minstrel troupe was established in 1844, with Francis Germon (‘‘conjo tambo’’ and end man), George A. Harrington (banjo), Moody Stanwood (accordion), Gilbert W. Pell (‘“bone castanets’’ and end man), and William White (banjo). By all accounts they were classier than most other troupes, seldom or never doing ‘‘plantation songs’’ (which usually involved grotesque clothing, makeup, and actions), rather wearing white waistcoats, cravats, and behaving appropriately. They held their London premiere on the 21st of January with ‘‘music taken from the most popular operas of the day, interspersed with Ethiopian melodies.’’ 334

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‘PECULIAR SCENES AND TRIALS’’

at Hanover Square Rooms. Saturday, 31st, to tea and party at Charles Dickens. Dickens (1812-1870) was America’s most-beloved Englishman. From the moment they arrived in London, the Hutchinsons sought to meet the great man. Two calls at his residence led to visits with Mrs. Dickens, but her husband was not home either time. Finally on the 31st the Hutchinsons met him when they attended a party at Dickens’ house. Abby and Jesse were further honored by an invitation to dinner preceding the party, where they made acquaintance with other well-known English personalities: writers Douglas Jerrold, Mrs. Norton, Samuel Rogers, and actor William Charles Macready (who wrote in his Diary: ‘‘January 31st. — Dined with Dickens; met Rogers, Jerrold, Maclise, Stanfield and Mr. and Mrs. Hutchinson.’’)

Dickens was more impressed than Macready. He might have perceived in the Hutchinsons kindred spirits, pioneering in their field the way he was in his. The Brooklyn Eagle nearly a year earlier

had been among the first to suggest the parallel: (S)implicity of style, beauty of sentiment, and an infusion of soul into their warblings . . . joined to an inherent modesty and an entire absence of tricks, have won for the Hutchinsons

the success which has attended them. . . . The simple and touching stories of ‘‘Boz,’’* appealing as they did to the great heart of humanity, were attended with similar results. It was a triumph, in both cases, of the simple, the beautiful, and the

true, over the fictitious, the showy, and the false. Neither sought the appliances of great learning, and both have succeeded far beyond those who did. Perhaps the writer did not factor the equation far enough. One thinks of Dickens’ manifest concern for the down-trodden, and com-

pares that to the songs of social protest in the Hutchinsons’ programs. Further, both took their arts into the realm of commerce, with attendant opportunity for pecuniary gain, and both gave the notion of ‘‘popular’’ a new definition, bigger and more lucrative.

These developments, much more than their expressions or messages, were the common legacies they left the modern world. 28A penname used by Dickens. 336

16 AUGUST 1845 - 21 JUNE 1846

Sunday, February 1st, some rest. Stay at home, had company to tea and after. Monday, February 2nd—late and I’m to bed. London—February 4, 1846. Wednesday Morn. Jesse and I alone in the parlor, 21 Holles St.2? He wishes me to assist him in doing up tickets and sending them to the

various friends to whom we have introductory letters. The morning is fair, not many clouds. Hope to have sunshine all day. Waked up this morning and found myself in a great worry about our not striking London as soon as the Ethiopian Serenaders. They have given four concerts at H[anover] Sq. R. and

are now engaged at the St. James Theatre for 12 nights and they commence there the same evening that we do at H. Sq. R. I saw yesterday some splendid bills they have got out. I can but feel that we are too late by three weeks. I wish that I could bury all these envious and relenting feelings but my nature wars against it. Longfellow’s motto cheers me some though—’*Look not mournfully upon the past,’’°° etc. Yesterday was rather a dull gloomy day. After breakfast Judson and myself went down to 52 London Wall to give James Gowland (good man) some tickets for Tuesday, February 10, concert. On the way met a Cambria passenger, Mr. Aldrich.*1 Gave him tickets. Got home by 2'2, having walked six miles.

Dined at 3 o’clock with Jesse and Judson, John and Abby having gone to Mr. Dix’s (alias “‘Ross’s’’) to dine.*? Judson °Their boarding house in London, just off Cavendish Square was conveniently located a block from the Hanover Square Rooms. 3°From “‘Hyperion’’ (1839): ‘‘Look not mournfully into the Past. It comes not back again. Wisely improve the Present. It is thine. Go forth to meet the shadowy future, without fear, and with a manly heart.’’ 31Likely this was Charles William Aldridge, a London ironmonger, who had

been a fellow-passenger. 32John Dix (1800?-1865?) was a surgeon, biographer of Chatterton, forger, and writer. He was best-known at the time for the ‘Pen and Ink Sketches’’ of personages and events he published under the pseudonym “John Ross.”’ He may have emigrated to the United States later in the year, where information on him becomes scarce. 337

“PECULIAR SCENES AND TRIALS”’

and I were together nearly all day. Hunted for Dickens’ Daily News® P.M., couldn’t find it. Evening read a little in Prince’s poems.*4 Then we went a long way citywards, growing weary and faint, stopped at confectionary shop, eat some “‘hot”’ can-

dy, revived, continued our line of march toward Mr. Dix’s,

arrived in season for tea. _

Found very agreeable company. Mr. Allan [???] in music two

years, talented. Sung, talked, rode home at 10%, tobedat12. London—Wednesday, February 4, 1846 21 Holles St., Cavendish Sq. Anxiously awaiting breakfast.

O, what a wilderness is London. I never had my legs stretched so before. I never saw a city until I saw this but what

I could comprehend, but here I am perfectly overwhelmed. It looks more and more mysterious as I traverse it. I thought New York was a mighty city but it don’t begin with London. It is coming up though and soon will be the great city of the

world. | |

Jesse is trying a new pair of shoes. The man who brought them looks as though he ought to join the Teetotal Society. The way he and I go up and down the streets of London

isHeavenly a cautionday. to shoe leather. | -, After breakfast Judson and I went up to Beaumont St. 21

Times. | to see Mons. Baugniet, the French lithographer.*® Judson had

the horrors so that he could not get up confidence sufficient to go in, so I went alone. Gave the man tickets for Tuesday concert, February 10, also left some for the London Pictorial

Joined Judson in the street and away we went to Hyde Park where with thousands of others—men, women and children—

earlier on January 21st. oe a

33Dickens was editing this paper, which he had established only a few days 34John Critchley Prince (1808-1866) was then editor of the Ancient Shepherd’s Quarterly Magazine. Asa was probably reading from his Hours with the Muses, first published in 1840, a book which gained attention in part because Prince

wrote it while still a factory worker. | |

Charles Baugniet (1814-1886), Belgium painter, lithographer, and engraver,

went to England in 1841 after training in Belgium. ,

| 338

16 AUGUST 1845 - 21 JUNE 1846

we took an airing. Mutely we trudged on. I was in good spirits, Judson miserable. After a long walk we came to a large bridge

near the Kensington Gardens where Judson talked some of throwing himself off into the water. But thinking of the evil consequences concluded not to but determined on going immediately home. We parted; I went through the Kensington Gardens, saw hemlock trees, little things growing there 100 years. Rode home. Evening went to bed. London—Thursday, February 5, 1846 Still holding on at 21 Holles Street. The morning was cloudy,

the sidewalks covered with mud and water, but for all that Abby and I were not to be scared, so after breakfast we took a walk down Oxford Street, cut into some cross street by some little squares. Much attracted by two little children who were

out with their nurse taking, as does the Royal Family, their “morning airing.’ Bent our course toward home, stepped into knife shop in Oxford Street, bought 2 bladed knife for Abby, paid 2/6. On corner of Hollis and Oxford streets entered a fruit shop for apples, for small Newtown pipins 3d each (5 cents).3° Outrageous price! Bought 3 English apples each about the size of a walnut for 3 pennies. O, but to get home where I can have plenty of rich golden apples and pumpkin pies without money

and without price. Went home with Abby, then away I scud to tailor Wolf's, 87 Regent St., and got measured per order of Judson and John

for a black satin vest (to pay 23 shillings). Little ‘“Tom Thumb’s’’ clothes were made there. I saw a pattern of his hanging up in the shop. Wolf told me that Tom’s father had already made by him 40,000 pounds in this country and Barnum three times that sum. Tom once arrived from Paris, met Wolf, when he addressed him as follows: ‘‘Hilo, Wolf, my boy, how are you?’’

36Sam’s Mart was a fruitstand at 130 Oxford Street. 339

“‘PECULIAR SCENES AND TRIALS”’’ |

George Thompson’ and R.R. Moore* called to see us at 2 , P.M. George went to walk with Abby. Moore stopped and talked. Says ‘twill not answer for us to sing to a London audience “‘Calamel”’ or ‘‘She is not What Fancy.’’%?

3 o’clock George and Abby back, R.R.M. gone. |

We went to Oxford Street, took cab, two cabs, and drove to George’s house where we dined, supped tea, sang, etc. His wife sick, six lovely children. Away home at 10%, left Abby there. O, George Thompson, glorious spirit.

Lizzy I kissed for .... : a

| London—Saturday, February 7, 1846 11 A.M. The Queen’s life guards (about 50 horsemen) just passed our street. They were all dressed in long black cloaks to protect themselves from the rain, I suppose, and they rode large black horses, the handsomest that I have seen in England. -O, what pomp, display and fuss they make about that little

woman the Queen. | , a My head aches some and my nervous system is somewhat

impaired. I shall certainly try to revive it. OS

Rain today. Letter came this morning for Jesse and Abby. ,

New vests, suit pretty well made by Mr. Wolf. a _O, how I long to learn. I have great desire to learn. I want to read books but I find but little time for that. I am going to try and read Scott’s Waverly Novels” before I leave England. _ 37(1804-1878), antislavery advocate and orator. Thompson came to the United , ‘States in 1834 and toured about under the auspices of the American AntiSlavery Society. Not only did threats and mobs attend his way, but he suf-

fered the additional indignity of being denounced by Andrew Jackson in , a Presidential address. He barely escaped with his life back toEngland where _

he became something of a hero. The Hutchinsons first met Thompson in ,

Manchester during November. , co 7 38Robert Ross Rowan Moore (1811-1864) was from Dublin, a political economist and abolitionist. From 1841 until repeal in May 1846 he was most

active as a lecturer and organizer of the Anti-Corn Law League. |

in the songs. , ,

3°Reasons for this are obscure, but might have to do with topical references _

340 -

40The Waverley novels of Sir Walter Scott (1771-1832) were those of his pro- _

_ digious output set in medieval Scotland. Among them were Waverley, Guy Mannering, Rob Roy, The Bride of Lammermoor, and Ivanhoe. = = = = ————

16 AUGUST 1845 - 21 JUNE 1846

Yesterday, Friday, February 6th, was one of the most delightful days that I ever knew, mild and pleasant as spring. Judson and I look a walk through Regents Park. The zoologi-

cal gardens we found at the western extremity of the park. At 12, George Thompson came with Abby home, she having stopped there the night before. We sung some. We dined at half past three P.M. George returned and in season to take some apple pudding with us. I got a letter from Edward Palmer of Philadelphia. Poor Harry has lost his girl. She that was so affectionate proved a “‘jilt’’.

O, that is a caution to me. I think I have a better girl than he,

though. She is frank, honest and true. Had an early tea. Dissolution of the Union was discussed by three representatives, George eloquent. Left Abby and went

to see the Lords and members of Parliament. Found they had adjourned so we went to the Adelade

Gallery where we saw railways, ‘‘Eels,’’ singers, the tableaux

of Prof. Kellers which was magnificent. George paid our tickets, 1 pound each, lemonade, etc.*! O, his soul is as big as a basket. Home and to bed. London—Sunday, February 8, 1846 All alone by the fireside, poor fire, feet cold. The chamber

maid just been fixing the room. Chilly morning, light air I should judge, for the smoke comes down into the streets rather

than go up to the clouds. “IThe Adelaide Street Gallery, according to Kidd’s London Directory, was ‘‘laid

out in a very tasteful manner, and combines information of a high order with amusement.’’ On the day the Hutchinsons attended, the Gallery featured ‘’a new Model of Nickel’s compressed railways,’’ a demonstration of electric eels, likely the ‘‘“Gas Microscope, Dissolving Views, and Chromatrope,’’ an evening concert perhaps conducted by Mr. A. Sedgwick, with Miss Pearce the principal vocalist, and ‘‘the magnificent TABLEAUX VIVANS by Professor KELLER.”’ Joseph von Keller (1811-1873), a German engraver, had been in London since 1839, but had recently been awarded

a professorship in Duesseldorf. His show was of engravings after wellknown paintings, images of general interest in the days before accurate photographic reproduction. Admission to the gallery was one shilling, suggesting Asa absent-mindedly wrote the wrong denomination. 341

“PECULIAR SCENES AND TRIALS’ ‘Tis a quiet morn, all business is suspended and peace and

quiet is the order of the day. I am glad there is such a day | _as Sunday when man can rest from his toil and praise God a little. l wish we had more Sundays, one more of those days that men would have less fretting and worry about money

this A.M. a

making and have a sharper lookout for those things which | concern his immortal soul. We go to hear Rev. Mr. Fox* preach :

Yesterday (Saturday) we attended to singing considerably. _ Abundance of showers as varied and musical as the refresh- _

ing ones that we have in April. Bo P.M. Mr. Dix called to see us. Evening Jesse and Judson went to see the Cricket on the Hearth played at one of the theatres.*

_ John, Abby and myself relieved our flagging spirits by taking a snuff of evening air and gazing at the finery of the shops | | in Oxford St. and another long cross street, I forget the name. Returned to the house. I read a few pages of Cooper’s ‘‘Last of the Mohicans.’’** Abby some of Scott’s penning, ‘Rob

Roy.” Then rolled up John’s hair with lead. John is not _ satisfied with the natural curling of his hair but must resort to artificial stuff. It ill becomes an American descendant of the

simple and pure minded Puritans to be dangling and waving

his hair in this awful silly manner. |

Judson and John are here. The breakfast is about ready. Jesse has uttered some great, ugly, wicked words because _ the washwoman stained his collars with starch and dirt.

Swearing is no mark of a gentleman. | a

“Rev. William Johnson Fox (1786-1864), preacher, politician, writer. He

became a Unitarian but left that religion after separating from his wife. By , the 1840s he was involved in important social issues, such as the Corn Law , controversy. He was later a Member of Parliament elected by his natural

constituency, the working class. | |

oo *3In another demonstration of Dickens’ marketing genius, this Christmas , _ story was published on 20 December 1845, the same day the play opened, thereby garnering more publicity, ticket and book sales. It was playing at

the Lyceum Theatre when the Hutchinsons saw it. Be | “4James Fenimore Cooper had published his novel in 1826. The English were

currently fascinated with images of the wild, savage American frontier and ,

might have influenced Asa’s choice of reading matter. _ _

4SJohn’s vanity apparently extended into his later years. Mrs. Elizabeth Hutchinson Fournie, Asa’s granddaughter, recollects ‘Uncle John’’ taking off

342 - ,

his hat to expose a head of hair rolled up in curlers. OO

16 AUGUST 1845 - 21 JUNE 1846

11 o’clock went to hear Rev. Mr. Fox preach with Mr. Davy. The subject ‘““Demons and Demoniacal Regions.’’ Pd. 1s. each

for admittance. Great pleasure. 3 P.M. dined. Capt. Lamphor too with us, also at tea. Evening Mr. Melville* called, talked about Indians and war, politics, etc.

I read a few pages of Cooper’s novel. Retired at 11. London—Monday, February 9, 1846 O, blessed weather! Clear, cold and frosty. All hearts are

light this morning. I’m thinking how we shall go home in August and how I’m willing to work to earn enough to pay our passage back and have $1000 each beside. We must make

that much but not lower the “’Standard”’ in order to do it. Judson rubbing his hand says, “‘I’m cold.” Music today. About breakfast time John happened to peep into a note of Jesse’s which caused considerable of a storm, but it blew over

before the sun was down. I long to be home with my dear Lizzy—

‘Oh, she is good as she is fair None, none on earth above her As pure in thought as angel’s hair To know her was to love her.’’

Oh, for advancement and improvement. Evening Mr. Stephens (American) took tea with us. At 8 Jesse and I went to Covent Garden’’ to the annual Mamouth Concert, and such a concert! O, ye gods and little fishes! It beat everything in the concert line that I ever saw or heard of. A crowd! 5000 human beings in one building, _ perhaps 6. It rather exceeded the numbers in our New York tabernacle gathering. J. and I went up to the 5th story which 46Gansevoort Melville (1815-1846) had been Secretary of the American am-

bassadorial legation to Great Britain since the previous July. He was also the brother of novelist Herman Melville. ‘7This enormous theater opened in 1809. Because of its great size and operating expense it was used in 1846 only for special concerts or events (the Anti-Corn Law League rallies were there, for example). In 1847 it was renovated for use by the opera, as it still is today. 343

| _ “PECULIAR SCENES AND TRIALS”

was the highest seat in the Synagogue. Heard Brokaw, | Phillips, 48 Parry,4 Russell, Ethiopian [Serenader]s, etc. The two latter bore off the palm that evening. Phillips sung some like Lyman Heath, Brokaw like Major Stimpson,°® though I -

think on Psalmody the Major would beat him. = ~~ I did feel so bad to think that we had not been enlisted there also. Jesse and I stayed until 12. Got home at 1242. Found John

on sofa asleep. Went to bed and sleptabit°4 = = = ©

Abby had a headache, was better when I went to bed.

_ Perhaps there is no entry for the 10th of February because of | preparations for the debut that night. John Dix published an account — ,

of that pivotal concert event unlike any other for its attention to |

detail, hence this extended quotation. , } have attended many concerts and exhibitions in my time, | but I never saw such a gathering of literary and musical people of note, on the occasion of the first appearance of a party —

| _ of strangers, as were assembled at the Hanover Square rooms _ _ on the evening of the ninth [!] instant, to listen to those who |

, had ‘‘come from the Mountains of the old Granite State.”’ I

know not how to account for this, but it was a subject of very ,

| general remark. There had been no preliminary puff| paragraphs in the newspapers—and only one notice of their There is generally such a flourish of trumpets to herald the Oe | ‘coming out’’ of stranger-candidates for fame and fortune in

~ London, that, in the absence of such adventitious aidsinbehalf = of the Hutchinsons, I almost feared for their success... [but] =»

the splendid room gradually filled, until it contained as | fashionable, refined, and intellectual an audience as I ever 48Henry Phillips (1801-1876) was a singer of operaand balladsina popular . vein, often composed by himself. After his recent trip to the United States,

he added the new minstrel songs to his famed ‘‘table entertainments.” 4John Orlando Parry (1810-1879) was at various times an actor, painter, |

pianist, and singer. As the latter he excelled in comic songs. — Oo

_ 50Phineas Stimpson (b.1794) was the Milford shoemaker who taught the © singing-schools attended by young Hutchinsons. He never receivedacom- __ mission in the U.S. Army, so perhaps the title was honorary. _ 51The Hutchinsons attended ‘‘Mr. Alcroft’s Grand Concert,’’ which featured at least twenty-five highly-regarded artists, in addition to those mentioned. ,

| a 344 , 7

16 AUGUST 1845 - 21 JUNE 1846

remember to have seen. From where I sat I could count nine or ten individuals whose names are, on both sides of the Atlan-

tic, as ‘‘familiar as household words.”’ . . At last the strangers emerge from a little door, on the left hand of the stage, which is erected at the upper end of the room. There are four of them, and in point of personal appearance they are singularly unlike any party of vocalists who have stood on that platform before. All the foreign singers who had been accustomed to figure there had been dashing looking gentlemen, with carefully arranged hair, fastidiously disposed whiskers, superb moustaches, fascinating imperials, and teeth so white and glistening that the lips in front of them perpetually smiled, in order that they might be exposed to the gaze of ad-

miration. Then these artistes, as they delight to style themselves, were wont to be attired in the most charmingly patterned waistcoats—the most unexceptionably cut coats—and pantaloons, guiltless of a wrinkle—their digits being encased in the whitest of kid gloves. Of the ladies I dare not presume to speak, and consequently the reader must fall back on his or her recollections of Pico, or some other fair cantatrice, who has appeared in the Land of Washington. The only reason why I at all allude to these singing birds of passage, is that I wish to show how striking a contrast to them, in their personal ap-

pearance, were the Hutchinson Family... . A loud and hearty English welcome greets the three brothers

and their pretty sister, as they make their obeisances to the audience, and this they do in a perfectly simple and characteristic manner. There is no pressing of white gloved palms on superfine broadcloth, just over the spot where the heart

is supposed to be;—no affectedly down-cast eyes, and | wreathed smiles; but instead, and much better than such, there is a frank, homely, high bred recognition of the compliment, perfectly respectful, and at the same time utterly devoid of any thing like obsequiousness, or servility. . . . But let us look at

the musical party separately, and as they stand.... We cannot hesitate for a moment in considering the tallest of the party? to be a Yankee—a Sam Slick sort of personage. The word is inscribed upon every line of his countenance; each

straight particular hair avouches it; and the figure, to say nothing of the coat which envelopes it, and which is em52Judson.

345

“PECULIAR SCENES AND TRIALS”’ | , , _ phatically of New Hampshire cut, is spare and wiry. He has,

too, the peculiarly keen and richly quaint expression which _

belongs to the down Easters. It needs not a second glance to | discover that he is the ‘‘droll’’ of the party. The merry twinkle _ , in his eye informs us of that. In his hand he carries a violin, rather a singular adjunct for a mere vocalist, for a music book is generally the sole companion of fashionable performers. It

is plain that the party will accompany themselves, for we observe no signs of an orchestra— but let us proceed with our

! Standing next to the party just etched is a young girl, whose | singularly modest and sweetly unassuming appearance has already touched all hearts, and spoken volumes in her favor. 7 Her face is more than pretty, and extremely rich in expression; Oo but there are no meretricious smiles—no rouged cheeks— _ nothing at all about her that in the least savors of affectation. | As the little Yankee girl stands, dressed in a plain, shot-silk

| -. gown, without a single ornament, in the midst of her sturdy brothers, to whom she seems to cling for support and encouragement, and who it is evident are worthy guardians of their

fair young sister, many a nod of delighted approbation is ex- a changed amongst the fashionably attired audience. It is indeed

something new to them to behold one so utterly artless in so | | public a position; for, as I have already intimated, tight waists, _

floral head ornaments, and a profusion of lace, with a stay_ distorted young lady enveloped therein, generally go to the

| making up of one of the fashionable lady-singers of the pre-

sent day, when nature is offered as a sacrifice on the altar of ,

fashion, and beauty is sacrificed to deformity. = =|

Next to this young lady-bird stands, with his left hand resting on his hip, another brother,>3 whose hair falls in rather wild profusion over his shoulders. He has a pleasantly expressive |

countenance, but were his locks a little shorn, and his collar | worn as such an article of dress generally is in England, he would more resemble a son of John Bull’s than of Brother , Jonathan’s. He is shorter in stature than his before mentioned _.

| relation, but still somewhat taller than the fourth of the party. | |

He also carries a violin. | _ The other brother has a violoncello, and so nearly resembles |

-53John. Se | | |

346 | ; a

16 AUGUST 1845 - 21 JUNE 1846

in appearance the one last described, that it will be unnecessary

for me to say more respecting him, than that he is the bass singer.

London—Wednesday, February 11, 1846 I’ll tell what happened Tuesday by and by; suffice to say

that at this moment I have the deepest regret to find in the Daily News of this morning the severest critique that we have

yet had in England from the pen of Mr. Hogarth,°4 who I thought was a sincere friend. I blame him for making public any little criticism which should have been made to us in private. He tells us to “‘throw away our fiddles,’’ a command which I consider unjust and unmanly and ill becoming a man of decent judgment and genius. How our enemies will chuckle

to hear that one of the learned musical critiques of London gave us a “‘blow.”’ “’O, what a grin of fiendish glee Runs round and round through hell!’’ We all feel bad enough this morning

without having the ““blows’’ of musical critiques staring us in the face. I wish I could be a man in the strife. O, the misery of public life; deliver me from it! Gloom today and storms tomorrow. “‘Streams will not rise above the fountains.’’> We never were made for musical critiques as such but to promulgate good sentiments through the medium of song. Ours is a humble station though in reality lofty and nearer God. Water seeks its level, so shall we. Our singing should be for the mass and not for a few pampered gold bugs who have lost all of their humanity. 5 shillings a head°¢ is the price which will shut out humanity and admit only a few exquisites. O, this struggle between right and wrong. Disappointments *4George Hogarth (1783-1870) was the respected music critic of the Daily News. His most important work was the Musical History, Biography, and Criticism, being a General Survey of Music from the Earliest Period to the Present

Time, published in 1835.

55A variation on the proverb ‘’The Stream will rise no higher than the Source’”’ (from Sir Samuel Tuke, The Adventures of Five Hours: Prologue, 1663),

or alternately, ‘“The Stream can never rise above the Spring-head’’ (Thomas Fuller, Gnomologia, 1732, no. 4771). The Hutchinsons were charging five shillings for reserved seats, and three

shillings for general admission. 347

“PECULIAR SCENES AND TRIALS”’

are good for us. It tends to bring the heart on a finer founda- |

tion. Hope in that which perishes not. |

Away with melancholy. Cheer up, yes, I will. Nonsense to dwell mutely and mournfully on what has passed. Let us learn

from the past but not mourn over it. Courage! Now is the “‘winter of our discontent.’’5? Now is the time to show

ourselves men and not cowards. )

I am going to walk with Abby and enjoy myself if I can. Let | the world talk. They cannot harm me. Hope in God who is

always the protector of the unfortunate. oe

Abby is finishing ‘Rob Roy,”’’ Scott’s novel. John reading Daily News, probably that awful critique. Jesse and Judson

gone out for a walk.

Yesterday, February 10, Tuesday, was a delightful day, rather cold though and a few sprinklings of snow. P.M. Mr. Wetherly called on us. Is a member of the Royal Academy of | Music, is from Boston. Has heard us sing there, pretty good

fellow.*® os | Square Rooms in the P.M. Much practice through the day. Practiced in the Hanover

The evening was pleasant and our concert came off to an audience of 500. Dickens, the Misses Cushman, [Eliza] Cook, , Prof. Hogarth, Allman, ‘‘George’’ [Thompson] and lots of distinguished persons were present, Burt among them. Judson was scared some, so we all were. There was not light

enough and heat, more of it. Our spirits somewhat dampened. | _ It went rather hard. I felt indifferent, scared, daring, clever.

feel at home. oe | 7

Much applause but we were so sensitive that we could not

_ I would like to look into the future once in a while but it | is all right. ‘“Act, act in the living present.’’ That is all, God

will take care of the rest. All that I have would I give to bey

57The first line of Shakespeare’s Richard III. , , 58Perhaps Josiah Q. Wetherbee, a singer of some importance in Boston. It might be that Mr. Wetherbee was an immigrant, having trained at the Royal

Academy of Music in London, a conservatory established in 1823. | °Thomas Allman, bookseller and publisher, is the only tradesman of that

surname in the London Directory for 1846.

348 |

16 AUGUST 1845 - 21 JUNE 1846

with dear Lizzie in the ‘’Far West’’ enjoying the comforts of domestic felicity. ‘“Learn to labor and to wait.’’ London clearly was not the provinces, and whatever the heights of their reputation out there, the Hutchinsons had to build anew another audience. And to do so they faced press review of a different stripe than before. In the United States, negative criticism was

heaviest when their texts proved controversial; this they ignored in the belief they were fundamentally enlightened. In the English provinces criticism was almost non-existent, and if present in any degree was only a quibble. Hogarth, though, not only criticized them, but attacked their musicianship, a tender spot.

The lighter pieces were in general accompanied on two violins and a violoncello by the three brothers, who sang and played at the same time. This had an awkward effect, and was no improvement to the music; in the first place, because the young men are no great performers, and, also, because any accompaniment was not only unnecessary but positively in-

jurious. .. . We cannot help thinking they had better throw away their fiddles, . . . Yet a reading of the whole review shows it in the main positive, particularly impressive from a figure of Hogarth’s stature. The concert of last night consisted of a series of vocal pieces . .. Most of them were harmonised for the voices of the three brothers and their sister; a few were sung by a single voice; and the serious subjects were agreeably intermixed with things of a lighter character, some of them very quaint and amusing. Several of the graver pieces were deeply pathetic, and made a strong impression on the audience. . . . All the pieces of a high and serious cast were sung without any instrumental accompaniment; and nothing could be more beautiful than the thrilling sweetness of the long-drawn chords, swelling and dying away with a nicety of gradation which we have never heard surpassed by the most consummate artists. . . . [They should] trust entirely to the admirable skill with which they manage

their voices, and to the exquisite effect of their pure vocal harmony.

349

_ “PECULIAR SCENES AND TRIALS’’

~ Ina real way, the Hutchinsons over-reacted to a relatively minor point made by a full-time, professional music critic, perhaps the first

| with those qualifications to review one of their concerts. They would a have been heartened, and gained needed perspective, had they |

to themselves. ae | Oe

_ chanced to read Hogarth’s views on performers decidedly inferior

6% o’clock Wednesday evening. Scene: Hutchinson family © in parlor, 4 lights, 2 sperm candles, 2 tallow. Bright coal fire,

hot room. Jesse on the right side of the fireplace at a little stand © | writing with all his might some letters to friends. Abby sits —

on the opposite side of the chimney reading as usual. Jud_ son, John and Asa, the three heroes who fought, bled and ~ almost died three years ago with horrors in old Albany are sitting by the centre dining writing table, Judson reading a newspaper, John hard at work mending his pen to finish his | ~ note to Mrs. Moore. Asa is here as big as life, full of hope and

determined on a triumph in Old London. | |

Letter comes, Jesse reads, ‘tis from Mr. Attwood, Yankee. Friend Robert H. Gould took tea with us, talked very en-_ couraging of our concerts. After he had gone, Mr. Henry Coleman,*! the American agriculturist, called and he knew every_ body in America: Francis Jackson, Rogers, Garrison, etc. Profound man he. Knew R.D. Webb, Elisabeth Pease® and all

the reformers on earth. ‘‘If I can be of any service to youjust.

say so,”’ he said as he left the house. | |

We sang a little and went to bed at 10%. | OO | felt as I stood by the fire getting ready for bed thatI was home quietly housed. What rustic scenes passed before my _ disturbed mind, with my dear Lizzy; some pleasant evening _ for a visit from Judson, I’ll have a pipe for him to smoke. What happens out of this trying life of sing, sing, sing, sing! O, if

IT ever get home I'll never run off again.

George Washington Atwood, a commercial merchant residing in London. Colman (1785-1849), Unitarian minister and writer of afour-part survey —=s_—> of agriculture in Massachusetts, went to Great Britain in 1843 to undertake

a 31-year survey of British agriculture. Oo oo

350 | ,

62Elizabeth Pease (1807-1897), a Quaker and advocate of worldwide anti- , slavery. She was then living in Darlington, England. _

16 AUGUST 1845 - 21 JUNE 1846

London—Thursday, February 12, 1846 Oh, dear! Here we are talking about that awful article which appeared in the London Times this morning. Friend Gould who just left the room tells us that the author of it is an ‘‘overgrown boy”’ who hated the Misses Cushman and seeing them take an interest in us took his chance to vent his spite upon us poor unfortunates. I have been mad enough to poke him this morning but I wouldn’t stoop so low. A mean, contemptible fellow he, whoever he be. The puff in the Chronicle is

the only one but what I took exception to. The worst has been said (3 o’clock p.m.) It most killed me and at this moment Judson sits on the chair, hat on, with the horrors so great that they roll off in flakes, driven almost to distraction. Now although dispirited I move we go on and give

battle to the enemy. Once this morn I thought best to clear home and not even hum a tune in old England again. I now think best to stop and try again. ‘Tis hard to have the Ethiopians step in before us and have us come in as the “‘second batch.’’ But fate is against us. Time will turn the tables in our favour though and our moral songs will find favour with those kind of people who take no pleasure

in the hootings at poor humanity. Asa, why do you sigh? Going to have luncheon and go to dine with Mr. Putnam at Six.

I feel like a burnt boot. I’ve got the horrors certain. This is about the blackest day that I ever had. Six evening (dined and took tea) with our dear American friend Mr. Putnam and wife.*? Gould and Stephens were present, New Englanders, all excellent fellows, a happy time. Got home to rest at 12 o’clock. O, how cheering it was to meet dear, sympathizing, true-hearted Yankees.

°§George Palmer Putnam (1814-1872) was then an American publishing and literary agent, and London correspondent for several American newspapers. In 1866 he established the publishing firm of G.P. Putnam & Son, which

remains a major force in the field to this day. 351

“PECULIAR SCENES AND TRIALS”’

The Times, 12 February 1846: |

A very brisk importation of native musical artists from America seems to be taking place at present. We are not sooner recovered from the wonder created by the “‘banjo”’ and “‘bone’’

performance of the Ethiopian Serenaders than we are called upon to pronounce judgment on the achievements of the Hutchinson family. If we are to look upon these as specimens of the advancement of the musical art in America, or as the fruits of the seed sown by our European artists in the virgin soil of the New World, it must be confessed that they are not brilliant, and that the American powers of appreciating greatly surpass their powers of imitating. In what light the Hutchinson family are to be looked upon is exceedingly difficult to determine. Whether they are looked upon as natural geniuses, self-taught _ prodigies, or the representatives of the amount of musical instruction derived from an American academy, we are not informed, and this makes all the difference in the opinion to be given on them. They consist of three brothers and a sister, two | of the brothers playing the fiddle, and the other the violoncello,

on which instruments they accompany themselves, much in the manner of the musical and mendicant groups occasionally met in our streets. Their performances consist of glees and solos, some of which are native, but the greater portion are English compositions that had their day some 20 years back. As regards the execution, it was frequently effective from a certain rough earnestness and simplicity of intention, but almost

as frequently the same qualities gave an absurd colouring to

their performance, so that with the actual appreciation and sympathy they elicited by their lucky hits, and the amusement

(not amounting to contempt) created by their blunders, the general result was satisfactory, and none seemed to repent the mode in which the evening was spent. There is something really so curious and original in all that they do, that it is impossi-

ble to define the impression created, and it is not at all improbable that the complete novelty of the whole affair may earn

for the Hutchinson family some run of popularity. Given the tone of this piece, we trust the reviewer’s critical judgment: it is clear he had the necessary technical qualifications for the job. Further, by the very nature of a negative review we may assume the writer was not bowing to outside commercial pressures (loss of 352

16 AUGUST 1845 - 21 JUNE 1846

advertising revenue following a bad review). The perspective taken by the Times to society at large, however, might modify our perception of the report’s veracity. When the Spectator wrote: ‘‘We cannot reconcile ourselves to their music,’’ and even suggested that there was about their songs “‘the twang of vulgarity,’’ perhaps they were assuring their readers that nothing was missed, readers who were

of the ‘‘cultured,’’ generally monied upper classes and probably disinclined to attend a Hutchinson Family concert in the first place. The same could also be true of the Atlas, who wrote that no review

would be published, for the singers ‘‘have nothing sufficient of originality or excellence to call for any extended notice.’’ One suspects that although the Times was a mass-circulation newspaper, unlike the Spectator and Atlas, readerships overlapped in important ways: some of their patrons might wish to be condescended to, and others followed the example. There are nuggets in the Times review,

yet we must be alert for the fool’s gold. The review by the Morning Chronicle (which actually came out on the 11th), liked so much by Asa, presented no such problems. The Chronicle was clearly a large circulation newspaper that catered to

the public taste. Predictably, its evaluation was upbeat: ‘Right welcome is the Hutchinson family’’; ‘‘the expression of this gifted family is beyond all praise; its intensity is perfectly overwhelming. The American Minstrels have opened a novel source of gratification to all lover of ‘sweet sounds’.’’ Unfortunately, like many other

newspapers who reviewed the Hutchinsons in both the United States and the provinces, it yields up useful information grudgingly. Typically, there was notice of who and how big the audience, the

singers’ appearance, the songs they sang, and how they were a ‘‘novel source of gratification to all lovers of ‘sweet sounds’.”’ In short, the review bordered more on reporting than on criticism. The actual truth of a Hutchinson Family concert must lie somewhere between these poles, at an elusive point where history, audience, intentions, techniques, and message intersect.

London—Friday, February 13, 1846

Horrors some but improving. Went to see paintings (Abby and I) with Mr. Putnam. Mr. and Mrs. Howitt called in the P.M. and consoled us

353

“PECULIAR SCENES AND TRIALS”’

much. Mr. Howitt said that article in the Times was outrageous. Stayed at home in evening, Gould called, took tea and said

some of his poetry to us. Stephens too came. We played

“Simon says up,” etc. | | | London—Saturday, February 14, 1846 Had breakfast some but what we had after that was the best.

We had a long ride in a cab all over town, or nearly so— Calleder, Werham Lake, now ice, Gould. | Heard read to us some puffs, then on to America Square® | via Punch® office, saw Capt. Lampher trimmed up in his best go-to-meeting. From there to Garland’s, our great democratic

watch maker. To Crosby Hall,” Mr. Dix’s, then home.

6 months since we left our father’s cot. ,

Evening came Gould, Stephens, Atwood, Yankees, and a Greek Americanized by the name of Steamans. He told us thrilling stories about Old Hickory. I grew tired and went to bed at 12. London—Sunday, February 15, 1846 Was a pleasant day, some foggy. All went with Stephens

to Westminster Abbey, heard a very dull sermon. I would rather hear talk from experience any time than all that I heard

atP.M.that great chapel. | | | Miss Cushman with two friends came to see us,

cracked nuts. Moore and Lang called, four Americans, Capt.

Lampher among them. ~—

¢4An amiable and devoted couple, William (1792-1879) and Mary (1799-1888)

Howitt wrote scores of poems, stories, articles, and books in a popular vein. Mary published a poem, “’To the Hutchinson Family,’’ in the People’s Journal (21 March 1846) and an article followed on the 25th of April. In both pieces, she insisted on the Hutchinsons’ Christian mores and their role as

“heralds of great truths and the noblest sentiments.’’

65Where George W. Atwood lived at number 14. | 66Punch was the famed humor and satire magazine first issued on 17 July 1841. Its editor was Mark Lemon, who became an acquaintance of the Hut-

chinsons during their tenure in London. ,

67On Bishopsgate Street, the Crosby Hall Literary and Scientific Institution

was located in a fifteen-century house, just recently restored in 1842. 354

16 AUGUST 1845 - 21 JUNE 1846

Sunday evening: Just got home to 21 Holles St. from a happy

meeting which we have had at our American friends’s, Geo. W. Atwood’s. A real New England dinner we had at two o’clock, beans, pork, Indian pudding, pumpkin pies, American apples, etc., which made us feel as though we were right at home among the real natives. His wife, God bless her, is a lovely woman. “Twas friend Atwood’s wedding anniversary so we all kissed the bride and oh, it made us feel New England-

ish all over. “Twas the birthday of the great and good George Washington, after whom Mr. Atwood was named, and it was the great Thanksgiving for us. A real Yankee dinner, Jonny cake for supper, and such a happy lot of real down-easters.

Capt. Lampher was there, another captain, Mr. Atwood’s brother and nephew and lady friend. This has been a great day for us. Breakfast at Mr. Melville’s in St. James Place at 11. Didn’t feel just at home there. The blood of the Puritans did not course so freely in his veins as I could have wished, but at Atwood’s

we found the real stuff. I am going to write a letter now to Isah Roy of N. Bedford. No letter from Lizzy by last post. Could mourn but I won’t. What a Journal I have kept for the last week. Well, I can’t

write every day, it is most too monotonous. Stop. Well and happy. Thanks to God for this pleasant day. On Saturday the 14th the London weekly newspapers were issued; the Sunday editions came out the following day. Within these two days the Hutchinsons were reviewed at least sixteen times.

A significant shift in critical appraisal accompanied this bounty. Before there was no consensus of review (the Times and Daily News had reservations, the Morning Chronicle and Morning Herald were en_thusiastic); after: the Atlas and Spectator held ‘‘blows,’’ the other fourteen, ‘‘puffs.’’

Clearly the nadir had been reached. The Times the day after the swelling chorus of good news even published something like a retraction:

355

“PECULIAR SCENES AND TRIALS”’

To understand the position they take it should be observed | that they make no pretensions to scientific culture, but have ‘merely studied among their own native hills. The charm, there- | fore, is their natural and untutored simplicity. We are anxious —

to state these facts, as a notice inserted the other day before this explanation was made might be seemed less favourable

circumstances. oO , , | than the peculiar talents of the family deserve under the

One senses that the Times was joining in so as not to be left out: word-of-mouth, in league with the popular press, was insuring the Hutchinsons a successful stay in London. In fact, their helping of

humble pie digested, the Times in an unusual action published another full-length review after the Hutchinsons’ next concert on the 18th. It began: ‘“These American Vocalists are evidently gaining in popularity. The large room in Hanover-square was completely filled last night, and every piece was followed by an encore.’’ It

cessful.” | |

ended: ‘No performance could have been more perfectly sucThe Hutchinsons stayed in London this first visit through the 8th of March, giving in all five concerts, each seemingly more successful

than the last. -

London—Tuesday evening, March 3, 1846 I have just got home from the Drury Lane Theatre® where Judson and I went to hear for the first time an English Opera. ‘Twas the Grand Opera of the Crusaders composed by Mr. Benedict, Italian I should guess.*? Some parts I was much. pleased with, especially the solos of Mr. W. Harrison,” but

his action was stiff and uncouth. A quartet introduced was

stage at once. | | |

very fine. In one scene nearly 200 performers appeared on the _ 8Qpened in 1812. It was at this time the theater for opera in London. |

6°Poorly guessed; Sir Julius Benedict (1804-1885) was a German-born com- | poser who had lived for several years in Italy, but by 1835 was a permanent resident of London. The Crusaders was the third of his operas in English, set to the story of the murder of Conrad Marquis of Montferrat by the sect _

of the ‘’Assassins,’’ with a libretto by A. Bunn. It had been successfully

premiered on the 26th of February. | |

7William Harrison (1813-1868), who possessed a fine tenor voice, was a fixture on the London opera stage until the early 1860s. In the 1850s he helped

establish an ongoing English national opera company. 356

16 AUGUST 1845 - 21 JUNE 1846

The drift of the opera seemed to be a “‘love match.”’ I believe

the lover found himself greatly attached to the girl but more particularly to the girl’s mother, who had appeared to Bohemond in disguise. I care not to hear it again. Very few of the pieces were encored. The house was full, pit crowded. I paid 3s. and stood up all the evening. Miss Romer’s voice good compass, not sweet.”71 Old Man of the Mountain introduced and he looked like fury. “Bleak wind of March’’ today. Talk, talk, talk about going home. Crystal in watch. Mr. Coleman came in to see us. Abby’s cold some better, most afraid she would be sick. Sunday wrote a letter to Lizzy. Mr. Dix sent to the Boston Atlas good accounts of us.” Gave

me a pamphlet, I read it 11%. London, Saturday morning, March 7, 1846 Not a very delightful day but then I am so happy. I’m all alone in the sitting room, none of the family up, and I’m thinking of home and Lizzy, how happy I shall be in her presence and the nice little farm that I will have where I will have sheep,

cattle, hens and chickens, a donkey, a horse, a cat, a dog, a neat cottage, a garden, fruit trees, and everything to make a farmer happy. My Lizzy will be a kind, good woman to me and I shall do all I can to act the part of a good man toward her. We shall live happy together as did John Anderson and wife.” 71Emma Romer (1814-1868), an operatic soprano known for her big voice of, in fact, great compass. 72This was the ‘Pen and Ink Sketch’’ quoted from earlier. 73A reference to the poem “‘John Anderson, My Jo’’ by Robert Burns, in which a couple live happily and grow old together. The last verse: John Anderson, my jo, John We clamb the hill thegither;

And mony a canty day, John, We’ve had wi’ ane anither: Now we maun totter down, John, But hand in hand we'll go; And sleep thegither at the foot,

John Anderson, my jo. 357

“PECULIAR SCENES AND TRIALS”?

O, my fretful old temper, I despise it. I shall try and improve and be good. Iam so much happier for it. I long to be settled on the soil with the one I love best where I can rise early and go forth to snuff the pure air of the morning and hear the carrolling of birds and my thoughts less on vain glory

and false expressions, learn to perform household duties, move more in the domestic circle, and less of this raving, ranting, miserable life of giving public entertainments (sick or well).

O, give me a home in the cottage I love. I am glad I’m in England but shall be more so when I get back to the land of | the Pilgrims. Much I am learning here that I trust I shall pro- | fit by. I hope my days in New England will not be lessened

in happiness by a year spent in Old England. :

good, be happy. , -

Learn from everything, be honest toward God and man, be London—Saturday, March 7, 1846 —

Cloudy and some show of rain. Go down into the city today to see halls to sing in when we return from Birmingham

and Manchester. oO |

Last night gave at Hanover Square Rooms our fifth and last |

entertainment prior to a provincial tour. About 450 people were present. ‘“God Save the King’’ and ‘“Yankee Doodle’”’ caus-

ed a great uproar of applause, so ‘twas a decided hit. Poetry _ in part by George Thompson, part by Judson, made at 21 Hollis

Street on the evening of Thursday amid the din and hurly bur- | ly of receiving company. George got some of the right ideas from the ‘‘Member from Long Swamp’’ and polished them over, made additions, all in % verse of ‘“Yankee Doodle.’”’ The reference is to the song ‘’For Oregon, or John and Jonathan.’’

Although no copy was ever published, a review in the Manchester | Guardian on 21 March 1846 gave a good idea of the production:

It commences with aspirations for truth, peace, and good-will _ to man, to our national air of “‘God save the queen.’’ The following lines of this portion of it were loudly applauded, both —

for the sentiment and the music:— 358

| 16 AUGUST 1845 - 21 JUNE 1846 ‘“‘No war, nor battle’s sound, | Be heard the earth around, But peace and love abound, Through every land.”’ Then the air changes to the American national tune of ‘“Yankee

doodle,’’ the following, amongst other words: — “Oh! then will come the glorious day, And may it last for ever, That binds John Bull and Jonathan In peace and love together.”’

The renewed plaudits with which this ingenious succession of the two national airs was greeted, again burst forth with redoubled vigour, when the two airs were intermixed and sung

together; and the quartet closed with the couplet:— ‘“‘And then blend in ‘God save the queen’ With ‘Yankee doodle dandy.’’’

George Thompson, God bless him, he is Nature’s gentleman, unassuming, brilliant, talented, pure minded, human and kind; in fact, everything he possesses requisite for a man. Bless the time when in England we found George Thompson. William and Mary Howitt two apostles of goodness. They called Thursday eve to cheer us up and give us the outpourings of their spirits. Breakfast is ready. From London the Hutchinsons went to Birmingham, where three concerts were given on March 11th, 12th, and 13th. As usually happened in a new territory they started out with small audiences and improved the house night-by-night. Then it was on to Manchester, Liverpool, and the cities between before returning to London. Back in the metropolis, the first appearance was at Lavenu’s Concert at Covent Garden on 30 March, one of the ‘‘monster’’ concerts so popular in that day. This one seemed to outdo most of the others though: numbers of pieces—nearly sixty, performers—at least thirtyseven, and length—finishing up after 2 a.m.. Although the Hutchinsons were competing with the likes of Braham, Phillips, Russell, Har359

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“THE LEAVES AS THEY SURROUND”

After Judson’s death, John, Asa, and Abby sang together only on special occasions. Abby was now independently wealthy as a result

both of her singing and her marriage to Patton, who had become a successful Wall Street broker. She spent many of her remaining years composing some of the most successful songs by any of the family (especially ‘‘Kind Words Can Never Die’’), collecting Negro

spirituals in Florida, writing poetry, and traveling throughout the world. John and Asa each formed their own ‘‘Tribes”’ of singers, of wives, sons, daughters, in-laws, friends. Also in the family tradition, both continued to sing for reform, even after the slaves were freed during the Civil War. The women’s rights campaigns of the 1870s and 1880s especially drew them on. Asa sang and toured almost until his death on 25 November 1884 and John was still making appearances in the early 1890s. Only with his death on the 29th of October 1908 was the last voice of the once glorious Hutchinson Family Singers stilled.

After returning from Great Britain the journals were not maintained as before. Over the next five years they were added to only four more times.

Milford—November 27, 1847

In the following page and pages I commence accounts of dr and cr to be kept in a disconnected, disorderly and nervous impulsive manner. Asa B. Hutchinson July 6, 1848 Bless the Lord, O my soul! I have once more got home and

Iam very happy. Arrived yesterday P.M. Corn 2 feet high, some tasseled; peas in the blow and potatoes, onions larger, beets larger, carrots free from weeds, stout and growing stouter, chickens “‘by pairs,’’ the cows fat and sleek, horse plump and hearty. In short, everything looks delightful. Dear Father and Mother well, very well. Blessings on them. May 1, 1849 Went maying with sister Abby and the little grandchildren

of Jesse and Mary, with sister Rhoda and dear Mother. My 381

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