Evidence-Based Practice in Clinical Social Work [2 ed.] 9783030152246, 9783030152239

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Evidence-Based Practice in Clinical Social Work [2 ed.]
 9783030152246, 9783030152239

Table of contents :
Part I What Is Evidence-Based Practice and How It Influences Clinical Practice

1 Introduction and Overview
What Is Evidence-Based Practice?​
The Foundations and History of EBP
The Overall Goals of EBP
Defining the EBM/​EBP Practice Decision-Making Process
What Makes Up the EBM/​EBP Practice Decision-Making Model?​
How the EBP Practice Decision-Making Process Differs from “Empirically Supported Treatments” and “Best Practices”
EBP in Social Work
Wasn’t There Any Previous Evidence that Treatments Worked?​
An Example:​ Is Medication Useful for Treating Depression?​
EBP:​ A Movement in Crisis?​
Summary
References

2 Three Perspectives on Evidence-Based Practice
The Policy Level and Administrative Applications of EBP
Using Evidence in Evaluations of the Performance of Professionals
EBP, Many Ways of Knowing, and Qualitative Research
Qualitative Research and EBP
Summary
A Starting Point for the Clinical Social Work Practitioner
References

3 The Steps of Evidence-Based Practice in Clinical Practice:​ An Overview
The Six Steps of EBP in Clinical Practice
How Practice Evaluation Links to EBP
Step 1:​ Drawing on Practice Questions, Identify Research Information Needs in a Thorough Assessment
Information Needs May Not Always Be About Selecting Treatments
A Model for Framing Clinical Questions:​ The PICOT Model
Enhancing the Client-Practitioner Relationship
Improving Diagnostic Assessment
Selecting the Optimal Treatment
Step 2:​ Efficiently Locate Relevant Research Knowledge
Print Resources
Online Resources
Online Practice Guidelines
What the Literature Shows About “Light Therapy”
Step 3:​ Critically Appraise the Quality and Applicability of Found Knowledge to the Client’s Needs and Situation
The Hierarchy of Research Evidence in EBM/​EBP
Practice Guidelines:​ Research Support for Specific Techniques
Is This Research Applicable to My Client’s Needs and Situation?​
Step 4:​ Actively and Collaboratively Discuss the Research Results with the Client to Determine How Likely Effective Options Fit with the Client’s Values, Preferences, and Culture
Step 5:​ Synthesizing Client Needs and Views with Relevant Research and Professional Expertise, Develop a Plan of Intervention
Step 6:​ Implement the Intervention
How Practice Evaluation is Different from EBP
Summary
References

4 Step 1 of EBP:​ Assessment in Clinical Social Work and Identifying Practice Information Needs
Defining Assessment
Components of an Assessment
The Person-in-Environment Classification System [PIE]
The Risk and Resilience Framework
Family Systems Models
Psychodynamic Models
American Psychiatric Association Guidelines:​ The Medical Model
Assessment of Mental Health Disorders
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Guidelines and Cautions Regarding Assessment and Diagnosis
Diagnostic Tests and Measures
A Social Work Assessment Format
Issues in Step 1 of EBP:​ Drawing on Practice Questions, Identify Research Information Needs in a Thorough Assessment
Case of Samir:​ Identifying Practice Information Needs Through Assessment
Summary
References

5 Step 2 of EBP:​ Locating Practice Research
Starting Points
Print Resources
Online Resources
Disorder- or Diagnosis-Specific Online Resources
Program-Oriented Online Resources
General Online Resources Addressing Clinical Practice
Databases of Individual Research Articles
The Advantages of Combining Results for SRs and Individual Articles
Search Strategies
The Next Step in EBP:​ Critically Evaluating Located Research Knowledge
References

6 Step 3 of EBP:​ Part 1—Evaluating Research Designs
Research Designs
Types of Clinical Studies
Part 1:​ Experimental Studies or RCTs
Effectiveness vs.​ Efficacy Studies:​ Experiments Done in Different Settings
Part 2:​ Quasi-experimental and Cohort Studies—Comparisons Without Random Participant Assignment
Part 3:​ Non-interventive Research Designs and Their Purposes
Resources on Research Design in EBP
Summary
References

7 Step 3 of EBP:​ Part 2—Evaluating Research Methods
Sampling Issues
Representativene​ss and Diversity
Sample Size
Types of Samples
The Human Diversity Included in Study Samples
Standardized Tests and Measures of Biopsychosocial Issues
Identifying and Locating Standardized Tests and Measures
Identifying the Specific Properties of Tests and Measures
Defining Treatments
Treatment Manuals
Statistics
Levels of Measure
Parametric and Nonparametric Statistics:​ Differences in Population Distributions
The Five Uses for Statistical Tests
Choosing a Statistical Test
The Misuse and Misinterpretatio​n of Statistics in Published Reports
Reporting Statistics
Summary
References

8 Step 3 of EBP:​ Part 3—Meta-analysis and Systematic Reviews, Aggregating Research Results
Meta-analysis as a Method of Research Synthesis
Systematic Reviews
Specifying the Systematic Review Topic
Locating Research Studies for a Systematic Review
Evaluating the Methodological Quality of Research Reports in Systematic Reviews
Statistical Meta-analysis
Statistics Used in Meta-analysis
An Example of a Cochrane Collaboration Systematic Review
Cochrane Systematic Reviews:​ Organization and Audiences
Psychological Therapies for Chronic Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in Adults
The Plain Language Summary of a Systematic Review
The Systematic Review Abstract
Evaluating Systematic Reviews
Summary
References

9 Step 4 of EBP:​ Collaboratively Discussing Treatment Options with the Client
Reasons to Include the Client in the Decision-Making Process
Consistency with the Code of Ethics
Active Collaboration Is Part of Culturally Competent Practice
Research Support for Active Collaboration with the Client
Including the Client Strengthens the Alliance
Growing Policy and Financial Support for Active Collaboration with Clients
Factors to Consider During the Conversation
Guiding Questions to Consider
Additional Questions to Consider Regarding the Clinician and Setting
Key Dimensions of Client Input in Clinical Decision-Making
Summary
References

10 Steps 5 and 6 of EBP:​ Finalizing the Treatment Plan and Practice Evaluation
Discussing Treatment Options with the Client and Finalizing the Treatment Plan
Documenting the Treatment Plan
Implementing the Treatment
Practice Evaluation
Models of Practice Evaluation
Summary
References

Part II Case Examples of Evidence-Based Practice

11 Sam:​ An Older, Gay Man Who Appears Depressed
Applying the Six Steps of EBP to the Case
Step 1:​ Drawing on Client Needs and Circumstances Learned in a Thorough Assessment, Identify Answerable Practice Questions and Related Research Information Needs
Step 2:​ Efficiently Locate Relevant Research Knowledge
Step 3:​ Critically Appraise the Quality and Applicability of This Knowledge to the Client’s Needs and Situation
Step 4:​ Actively and Collaboratively Discuss the Research Results with the Client to Determine How Likely Effective Options Fit with the Client’s Values, Preferences, and Culture
Step 5:​ Synthesizing the Client’s Clinical Needs and Circumstances with the Relevant Research, Finalize a Shared Plan of Intervention Collaboratively with the Client
Step 6:​ Implement the Intervention
References

12 Ray:​ A Man Fearful of Panic Attacks
Applying the Six Steps of EBP to the Case
Step 1:​ Drawing on Client Needs and Circumstances Learned in a Thorough Assessment, Identify Answerable Practice Questions and Related Research Information Needs
Step 2:​ Efficiently Locate Relevant Research Knowledge
Step 3:​ Critically Appraise the Quality and Applicability of This Knowledge to the Client’s Needs and Situation
Step 4:​ Actively and Collaboratively Discuss the Research Results with the Client to Determine How Likely Effective Options Fit with the Client’s Values, Preferences, and Culture
Step 5:​ Synthesizing the Client’s Clinical Needs and Circumstances with the Relevant Research, Finalize a Shared Plan of Intervention Collaboratively with the Client
Step 6:​ Implement the Intervention
References

13 Sally:​ A 12-Year-Old Who May Have Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder
Applying the Six Steps of EBP to the Case
Step 1:​ Drawing on Client Needs and Circumstances Learned in a Thorough Assessment, Identify Answerable Practice Questions and Related Research Information Needs
Step 2:​ Efficiently Locate Relevant Research Knowledge
Step 3:​ Critically Appraise the Quality and Applicability of This Knowledge to the Client’s Needs and Situation
Step 4:​ Actively and Collaboratively Discuss the Research Results with the Client to Determine How Likely Effective Options Fit with the Client’s Values, Preferences, and Culture
Step 5:​ Synthesizing the Client’s Clinical Needs and Circumstances with the Relevant Research, Finalize a Shared Plan of Intervention Collaboratively with the Client
Step 6:​ Implement the Intervention
References

14 Newman and Loretta:​ Parents of Arthur, a Man Who Has Schizophrenia
Applying the Six Steps of EBP to the Case
Step 1:​ Drawing on Practice Questions, Identify Research Information Needs
Step 2:​ Efficiently Locate Relevant Research Knowledge
Step 3:​ Critically Appraise the Quality and Applicability of This Knowledge to the Client’s Needs and Situation
Step 4:​ Actively and Collaboratively Discuss the Research Results with the Client to Determine How Likely Effective Options Fit with the Client’s Values, Preferences, and Culture
Step 5:​ Synthesizing the Client’s Clinical Needs and Circumstances with the Relevant Research, Finalize a Shared Plan of Intervention Collaboratively with the Client
Step 6:​ Implement the Intervention
References

15 Jin:​ A 16-Year-Old Korean-American Male with Drinking Issues
Applying the Six Steps of EBP to Jin’s Needs
Step 1:​ Drawing on Client Needs and Circumstances Learned in a Thorough Assessment, Identify Answerable Practice Questions and Related Research Information Needs
Step 2:​ Efficiently Locate Relevant Research Knowledge
Step 3:​ Critically Appraise the Quality and Applicability of This Knowledge to the Client’s Needs and Situation
Step 4:​ Actively and Collaboratively Discuss the Research Results with the Client to Determine How Likely Effective Options Fit with the Client’s Values, Preferences, and Culture
Step 5:​ Synthesizing the Clinical Needs and Circumstanceswit​h the Views of the Client and the Relevant Research, Develop a Plan of Intervention Considering Available Options
Step 6:​ Implement the Intervention
References

16 Jennifer:​ A Young Homeless Woman Who Has Borderline Personality Disorder
Applying the Six Steps of EBP to the Case
Step 1:​ Drawing on Client Needs and Circumstances Learned in a Thorough Assessment, Identify Answerable Practice Questions and Related Research Information Needs
Step 2:​ Efficiently Locate Relevant Research Knowledge
Step 3:​ Critically Appraise the Quality and Applicability of This Knowledge to the Client’s Needs and Situation
Step 4:​ Actively and Collaboratively Discuss the Research Results with the Client to Determine How Likely Effective Options Fit with the Client’s Values, Preferences, and Culture
Step 5:​ Synthesizing the Client’s Clinical Needs and Circumstances with the Relevant Research, Finalize a Shared Plan of Intervention Collaboratively with the Client
Step 6:​ Implement the Intervention
References

17 Bethany:​ A Woman Recalling Her Traumatic History
Applying Steps of EBP to Bethany’s Case
Step 1:​ Drawing on Practice Questions, Identify Research Information Needs
Step 2:​ Efficiently Locate Relevant Research Knowledge
Step 3:​ Critically Appraise the Quality and Applicability of This Knowledge to the Client’s Needs and Situation
Step 4:​ Actively and Collaboratively Discuss the Research Results with the Client to Determine How Likely Effective Options Fit with the Client’s Values, Preferences, and Culture
Step 5:​ Synthesizing Client Needs and Views with Relevant Research and Professional Expertise, Develop a Plan of Intervention
Step 6:​ Implement the Intervention
References

18 Gabrielle:​ A Young Woman in Pain Who Is Opioid Dependent
Applying the Six Steps of EBP to the Case
Step 1:​ Drawing on Practice Questions, Identify Research Information Needs
Step 2:​ Efficiently Locate Relevant Research Knowledge
Step 3:​ Critically Appraise the Quality and Applicability of This Knowledge to the Client’s Needs and Situation
Step 4:​ Actively and Collaboratively Discuss the Research Results with the Client to Determine How Likely Effective Options Fit with the Client’s Values, Preferences, and Culture
Step 5:​ Synthesizing Client Needs and Views with Relevant Research and Professional Expertise, Develop a Plan of Intervention
Step 6:​ Implement the Intervention
References

Part III Evidence-Based Practice in Clinical Social Work Education and Ongoing Issues

19 Evidence-Based Practice:​ Teaching and Supervision
Teaching EBP
Defining EBP
Modeling the Complexity of EBP in Teaching
Examining the Social Work Curriculum
Field Education
Coordinating Social Work Professional Organizations
Shifting the Culture of Social Work
Supervision and EBP
Summary
References

20 Continuing Issues Regarding EBP in Practice
Challenges to EBP in Practice
Social Justice and EBP
Limitations to Available Research
Realities of Real-World Practice
Accessibility of Research
Ignores the Expertise of the Clinician
Logistics and Realities of EBP Implementation
Questions Related to Modifying the Intervention
Motivation to Use EBP
Social Workers Compared to Other Professionals in the EBP Movement
Including Human Diversity in EBP
Summary
References

21 Conclusion:​ The Evidence for Evidence-Based Practice
Other Perspectives on EBP
EBP as a Shaping Influence on Research and Education
EBP as a Public Idea that Shapes Policy and Practice Funding
Making the Most of Professional Expertise
Staying Close to Cases and to the Realities of Clinical Social Work Practice
Is EBP Effective?​
References

Appendix A:​ An Outline for a Biopsychosocial Assessment and Intervention Plan
Appendix B:​ A Bullet Point Summary of the Merits and the Limitations of EBP
Glossary
Index

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