Essential Oils (Quick Study Health) 1423225899

Table of contents :
Essential Oils
A
B
C
D E F
G
H I J
L
M
N O
P
R
S
T
V Y
VOCABULARY

Citation preview

BarCharts, Inc.®

WORLD’S #1 QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE

When using essential oils, read labels, check concentrations, refer to Latin botanical names, research reference material, and when in doubt, consult an expert. All essential oils should be diluted and stored out of reach of children. If no safety issues are mentioned, the oils are generally considered non-irritant, nontoxic, and safe for topical and inhalant use. The Alliance of International Aromatherapists recommends internal use only under the supervision of a qualified doctor.

A ALLSPICE

Pimenta dioica

Also called: pimento, Jamaica pepper Actions: analgesic, anesthetic, antioxidant, antiseptic, carminative, muscle relaxant, rubefacient, stimulant, tonic Uses: bronchitis, chills, congestion, coughs, cramps, depression, fatigue, flatulence, indigestion, nausea, neuralgia, stress, tension Cautions: avoid if you have hemophilia or liver disease; must be diluted with a carrier oil; low doses recommended to avoid irritating skin & mucous membranes

ALMOND, BITTER

Prunus dulcis var. amara

Actions: anesthetic, antispasmodic, narcotic, vermifuge Uses: when “fixed” with sweet almonds and toxins are removed, it is a laxative and remedy for acne, bladder & kidney issues, bronchitis, coughs, heartburn, muscle aches & pains, and skin care (general) Cautions: no safe therapeutic use as a single oil. Contains the toxins benzaldehyde and cyanide. Sweet almond produces no oil but detoxifies its cousin

P

AMBRETTE SEED

Abelmoschus moschatus

Also called: musk seed, Egyptian alcee, target-leaved hibiscus, musk mallow Actions: antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, carminative, nervine, stimulant, stomachic Uses: anxiety, circulation, cramps, depression, fatigue, muscle aches & pains, nervous tension, stress Comments: used as a substitute for musk scent and as a flavoring in alcohol and soft drinks. In the Middle East, the seeds are served as a condiment to mix with coffee

ANGELICA

Angelica archangelica

Also called: European or garden angelica, oil of the angels Actions: anticoagulant, antimicrobial, antispasmodic, antiviral, calmative, carminative, depurative, diaphoretic, digestive, diuretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, febrifuge, nervine, stimulant (circulatory system), stomachic, tonic Uses: anemia, arthritis, bruises, edema, fatigue, flatulence, gout, immune booster, indigestion, liver ailments, menstrual & menopausal hormonal imbalance, migraines, psoriasis, rheumatism, respiratory ailments, irritated skin, stress Comments: there are more than 30 angelica varieties

P

ANISE, STAR

Illicium verum

Also called: Chinese star anise Actions: antiseptic, carminative, expectorant, stimulant Uses: bronchitis, coughs, colic, cramps, flatulence, immune booster, indigestion, insect repellent, muscle aches & pains, rheumatism Cautions: although a common spice in oriental homes, the oil is recommended for moderate use. The related Japanese star anise is highly toxic

ANISEED

Pimpinella anisum

Also called: anise, sweet cumin Actions: antiseptic, antispasmodic, carminative, diuretic, expectorant, galactagogue, stimulant, stomachic Uses: bronchitis, dry irritable coughs, whooping cough Cautions: can inflame skin. Conflicting information regarding safety; use with caution

P

ASAFETIDA

Ferula asa-foetida

Also called: devil’s dung, food of the gods, giant fennel Actions: antispasmodic, carminative, expectorant, hypotensive, stimulant Uses: asthma, bronchitis, whooping cough, convulsions, constipation, flatulence, fatigue, stress Comments: keeps animals away. Usually adulterated These symbols are used throughout this guide to represent cautions and recommendations. Warning!

BERGAMOT

B

Sun sensitivity

Avoid if pregnant

P

BALSAM, CANADIAN

Abies balsamea

Also called: turpentine oil Actions: antiseptic (especially genitourinary & pulmonary systems), antitussive, astringent, cicatrisant, diuretic, expectorant, purgative, regulatory, sedative, vulnerary Uses: anxiety, asthma, bronchitis, burns, catarrh, coughs, cuts, cystitis, depression, hemorrhoids, stress, sore throat, urinary infections, wounds Cautions: can induce nausea; low dose recommended

BALSAM, COPAIBA

Copaifera officinalis

Also called: Jesuit’s balsam, Maracaibo balsam Actions: bactericidal, balsamic, disinfectant, diuretic, expectorant, stimulant Uses: bronchitis, chills, colds, coughs, cystitis, intestinal infections, hemorrhoids, stress Cautions: high doses can cause diarrhea & vomiting

BALSAM, PERU

Myroxylon balsamum var. pereirae

Also called: pereira, Indian balsam, black balsam Actions: anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, balsamic, expectorant, parasiticide, promotes growth of epithelial cells, stimulant Uses: asthma, bronchitis, coughs, eczema, immune booster, low blood pressure, rashes, rheumatism, skin (dry, chapped, and cracked), sores, stress, wounds Comments: used in pharmaceutical cough syrups

BALSAM, TOLU

Myroxylon balsamum var. balsamum

Also called: Thomas balsam Actions: antiseptic, antitussive, balsamic, expectorant, stimulant Uses: bronchitis, catarrh, coughs, croup, eczema, laryngitis, scabies, skin (dry, chapped, and cracked), sores, rashes

BASIL, EXOTIC

Ocimum basilicum

BASIL, FRENCH

Ocimum basilicum

Also called: sweet basil, Comoran basil, Reunion basil Comments: no therapeutic use. Used in high-end soaps & dental products

P

Also called: common basil, joy of the mountain, true basil, tulsi Actions: antidepressant, antiseptic, antispasmodic, carminative, cephalic, digestive, emmenagogue, expectorant, febrifuge, nervine, restorative, stomachic Uses: ailments (ears, nose, and throat), anxiety, depression, fatigue, flatulence, gout, immune booster, insect bites & stings, insect repellent, insomnia, migraines, muscle aches & pains, nausea, rheumatism, stress Comments: widely used in the Ayurvedic tradition Cautions: use only basil with 5% or less methyl chavicol content

P

BAY, LAUREL

Laurus nobilis

Also called: sweet bay, laurel, Grecian laurel, true bay, Mediterranean bay, Roman laurel, noble laurel, laurel leaf Actions: antirheumatic, antiseptic, bactericidal, diaphoretic, digestive, diuretic, emmenagogue, fungicidal, hypotensive, sedative, stomachic Uses: immune booster, menstrual regulation Cautions: avoid using for long periods of time

BAY, WEST INDIAN

Pimenta racemosa

Also called: bay rum tree, wild cinnamon, bayberry, bay leaf Actions: analgesic, anticonvulsant, antineuralgic, antirheumatic, antiseptic, astringent, expectorant, hair tonic, stimulant Uses: circulation, immune booster, muscle aches & pains, neuralgia, rheumatism, sprains Cautions: moderately toxic, potential skin irritant

P

BENZOIN

Styrax benzoin

Also called: gum benzoin, gum benjamin, styrax benzoin Actions: anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiseptic, astringent, carminative, cordial, deodorant, diuretic, expectorant, sedative, styptic, vulnerary Uses: ailments (ears, nose, and throat), arthritis, asthma, circulation, gout, rheumatism, skin conditioner, stress Comments: used in dentistry to treat gum inflammation Cautions: compound tinctures can be slightly toxic 1

Citrus bergamia

Actions: analgesic, antidepressant, antiseptic (pulmonary & genitourinary systems), antispasmodic, antitoxic, carminative, digestive, diuretic, deodorant, febrifuge, laxative, parasiticide, rubefacient, stimulant, stomachic, vermifuge, vulnerary Uses: anxiety, immune booster, infections (mouth, respiratory, skin, and urinary tract), insect repellent, stress Comments: bergaptene-free versions do not cause sun sensitivity. Named for its origins in Bergamo, Italy

BIRCH, WHITE

Betula alba

Also called: silver birch Actions: anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, cholagogue, diaphoretic, diuretic, febrifuge Uses: arthritis, cellulitis, circulation, dermatitis, eczema, edema, hair care (general), muscle aches & pains, psoriasis, skin care (general), rheumatism Comments: used in hair tonics & shampoos, healing lotions, leather treatment, and “leathery” masculine scents Cautions: avoid if taking blood thinners; not for children or the elderly

P

BORNEOL

Dryobalanops aromatica

Also called: borneo camphor Actions: mildly analgesic, antidepressant, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antiviral, carminative, rubefacient, stimulates adrenal cortex Uses: bronchitis, bruises, circulation, coughs, cuts, immune & energy booster, insect repellent, neuralgia, rheumatism, sprains, stress Comments: used in Chinese funeral rites. Repels insects & ants; valued as timber for home construction

C CALAMUS

Acorus calamus

Also called: German ginger Actions: anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antirheumatic, antispasmodic, cephalic, cicatrisant, circulant, febrifuge, insecticide, nervine, nootropic (improves memory), sedative Uses: anxiety, arthritis, fevers, stress Cautions: not for internal use; toxic, carcinogenic, hepatotoxic, and hallucinogenic if it contains ß-asarone. Use only the diploid variety

P

CABREUVA

Myrocarpus fastigiatus

Also called: brown balm of Peru Actions: antiseptic, balsamic, cicatrisant Uses: chills, colds, coughs, cuts, immune booster, scars, wounds Comments: indigenous uses include healing wounds & ulcers, and removing scars. Used in high-end perfumes & soaps

CADE

Juniperus oxycedrus

Also called: juniper tar, prickly cedar, medlar, prickly juniper Actions: analgesic, antimicrobial, antipruritic, antiseptic, disinfectant, parasiticide, vermifuge Uses: cuts, dandruff, skin conditioner Comments: used herbally for toothaches; pharmaceutical use in skin creams & in veterinary medicine Cautions: not for use on sensitive skin

Popular Carrier Oils (vegetable base oils) With one or two exceptions, these are light in texture, usually with a mild fragrance of their own. almond macadamia aloe vera meadowfoam apricot olive apricot kernel peanut avocado pumpkin seed borage rosehip calendula safflower coconut sesame evening primrose soybean grape seed sunflower hazelnut walnut jojoba wheat germ

CAJEPUT

Melaleuca cajeputi

Also called: white wood, swamp tea tree, punk tree, paperbark tree Actions: mildly analgesic, antimicrobial, antiseptic, antispasmodic, carminative, diaphoretic, expectorant, febrifuge, insecticide, sedative Uses: arthritis, asthma, bronchitis, catarrh, coughs, immune booster, insect bites & stings, muscle aches & pains, rheumatism, sinusitis, oily skin, sore throat, urinary tract infections Comments: used in dentistry & pharmaceuticals as an antiseptic Cautions: dilute well; can irritate mucous membranes

CASSIE

Acacia farnesiana

Also called: sweet acacia, popinac Actions: antirheumatic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, insecticide Uses: anxiety, depression, perfume, stress, skin (dry & sensitive) Comments: used in high-end oriental perfumes

CEDARWOOD, ATLAS

Also called: marigold, hollygold, marybud Actions: anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antispasmodic, astringent, diaphoretic, emollient, febrifuge, styptic, vulnerary Uses: burns, diaper rashes, eczema, insect bites & stings, rashes, scrapes, skin conditioner, skin (dry, chapped, and cracked), varicose veins Comments: highly valued; difficult to find authentic (nonsynthetic) therapeutic grade oil

Cedrus atlantica Also called: African cedar, libanol Actions: antiputrescent, antiseborrheic, antiseptic, aphrodisiac, astringent, diuretic, expectorant, fungicidal, mucolytic, sedative (nervous system), stimulant (circulatory system), tonic Uses: acne, arthritis, bronchitis, cystitis, dandruff, dermatitis, eczema, fungal infections, hair loss, leucorrhoea, pruritus, respiratory ailments (ears, nose, and throat), rheumatism, skin eruptions, oily skin, stress, ulcers Comments: generally agreed as the “first” essential oil; used by the ancient Egyptians in perfumes, as an antidote, and for embalming

CALAMINTHA

CEDARWOOD, TEXAS

CALENDULA

Calendula officinalis

Calamintha officinalis

Also called: Melissa calamintha, mountain mint, French marjoram, wild basil, catnip Actions: local anesthetic, antispasmodic, astringent, carminative, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, febrifuge, nervine, sedative, tonic Uses: chills, colic, flatulence, insomnia, muscle aches & pains, nervous dyspepsia, rheumatism, stress Cautions: possible toxic effects in concentration

P

CAMPHOR

P

Juniperus ashei

Also called: mountain cedar, Mexican juniper, rock cedar Actions: antiseptic, antispasmodic, astringent, diuretic, expectorant, sedative (nervous system), stimulant (circulatory system) Uses: see Virginian cedarwood below Comments: Native Americans in New Mexico use cedarwood oil for skin rashes, arthritis, and rheumatism

P

CEDARWOOD, VIRGINIAN

Juniperus virginiana

Also called: true camphor, hon-sho, laurel Actions: anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antiviral, bactericidal, count­ erirritant, diuretic, expectorant, rubefacient, stimulant, vermifuge Uses: acne, arthritis, bronchitis, chills, coughs, immune booster, inflammation, insecticide, muscle aches & pains, rheumatism, oily skin, sprains Cautions: toxic if ingested. White camphor is safe for use in small doses but is classified as a marine pollutant. Yellow and brown camphor are highly toxic

Also called: red cedar, Bedford cedarwood Actions: abortifacient, antiseborrheic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, astringent, balsamic, diuretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, insecticide, sedative (nervous system), stimulant (circulatory system) Uses: acne, arthritis, bronchitis, catarrh, congestion, coughs, cystitis, dandruff, eczema, oily hair, insect repellent, leucorrhoea, psoriasis, rheumatism, sinusitis, oily skin Comments: extensively used in household room sprays (air fresheners & insect repellents) Cautions: careful, diluted use

CAMELLIA

CELERY SEED

Cinnamomum camphora

P

Camellia sinensis

Also called: tea seed oil Actions: analgesic, antiallergic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, astringent, cicatrisant, emollient, insecticide Uses: cancer prevention (colon, breast, and uterine), mature complexions, hair tonic, immune booster, scar reduction, scrapes, skin (dry & chapped), stress, sunburn Comments: plant is the source of most types of tea. Note potential confusion with tea tree oil

CANANGA

Cananga odorata

Actions: antidepressant, antiseptic, aphrodisiac, hypotensive, nervine, sedative Uses: anxiety, depression, insect bites, skin care (general), stress

CARAWAY

Carum carvi

Actions: antihistaminic, antimicrobial, antiseptic, aperitif, astringent, carminative, diuretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, galactagogue, larvicidal, spasmolytic, stimulant, stomachic, vermifuge Uses: appetite & immune booster, bronchitis, colic, coughs, dyspepsia, flatulence, gastric spasms, laryngitis, nervous indigestion

CARDAMOM

Elettaria cardamomum

Actions: antiseptic, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, carminative, cephalic, digestive, diuretic, nervine, stimulant, stomachic Uses: colic, cramps, dyspepsia, fatigue, flatulence, halitosis, heartburn, indigestion, vomiting Comments: one of the oldest known medicines in China & India. Hippocrates prescribed it for sciatica, coughs, abdominal pains, spasms, nervous disorders, and poisonous bites

CARROT SEED

Daucus carota

Also called: wild carrot, Queen Anne’s lace, bird’s nest Actions: anthelmintic, antiseptic, carminative, depurative, diuretic, emmenagogue, hepatic Uses: anemia, arthritis, colic, mature complexions, dermatitis, eczema, edema, gout, indigestion, liver congestion, menstrual & glandular issues, psoriasis, rashes, rheumatism, skin (revitalizing & toning), toxin accumulation, wrinkles

CASCARILLA BARK

Croton eluteria

Also called: sweetwood bark, Bahama cascarilla, false quinquina Actions: antimicrobial, antiseptic, astringent Uses: bronchitis, coughs, dyspepsia, flatulence, nausea Comments: used to flavor vermouth & bitters

CASSIA

Cinnamomum cassia

Also called: Chinese cinnamon, false cinnamon Comments: no therapeutic use of Cassia oil. Included because powdered cassia bark is considered safe for use as an herbal remedy and is commonly administered for digestive complaints (e.g., flatulent dyspepsia, colic, and nausea) Cautions: highly toxic in contact with skin

P

Apium graveolens

Also called: celery fruit Actions: antioxidant, antirheumatic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, depurative, digestive, diuretic, carminative, cholagogue, emmenagogue, galactagogue, hepatic, nervine, stomachic Uses: arthritis, circulatory toxin accumulation, dyspepsia, flatulence, glandular issues, gout, indigestion, jaundice, liver congestion, menstrual regulation, promote lactation (nursing mothers), rheumatism, sciatica

P

CHAMOMILE, GERMAN

Matricaria recutita

Also called: blue chamomile, matricaria, sweet false chamomile Actions: analgesic, antiallergenic, anti-inflammatory, antiphlogistic, antispasmodic, bactericidal, carminative, cholagogue, cicatrisant, digestive, emmenagogue, febrifuge, fungicidal, hepatic, nerve sedative, stimulant of leucocyte production, stomachic, sudorific, vermifuge, vulnerary Uses: acne, allergies, anxiety, arthritis, boils, burns, chilblains, colic, cuts, cystitis, dermatitis, dyspepsia, earache, eczema, hair care, headaches, indigestion, inflammations, insect bites & stings, insomnia, menopause, menstrual cramps, migraines, muscle aches & pains, nausea, neuralgia, rashes, rheumatism, sensitive skin, sprains, stress, teething, toothache, wounds Cautions: may irritate sensitive skin

CHAMOMILE, MAROC

Ormenis multicaulis

Also called: Moroccan chamomile Actions: antispasmodic, cholagogue, emmenagogue, hepatic, sedative Uses: colic, colitis, headaches, insomnia, irritability, liver & spleen congestion, menstrual regulation & cramps, menopause, migraines, skin conditioner Comments: a recent addition to the essential oils market, little is known yet about its therapeutic history

CHAMOMILE, ROMAN

Chamaemelum nobile

Also called: Anthemis nobilis, English chamomile, sweet chamomile, true chamomile Actions: analgesic, antianemic, anti-inflammatory, antineuralgic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, bactericidal, carminative, cholagogue, cicatrisant, digestive, emmenagogue, febrifuge, hepatic, hypnotic, nerve sedative, stomachic, sudorific, vermifuge, vulnerary Uses: acne, allergies, arthritis, boils, burns, chilblains, colic, cuts, dermatitis, dyspepsia, earache, eczema, hair care (general), headaches, indigestion, inflammations, insect bites & stings, insomnia, menstrual regulation & cramps, menopause, migraines, muscle aches & pains, nausea, neuralgia, rashes, rheumatism, sensitive skin, sprains, stress, teething, toothache, wounds Comments: a widely used herbal medicine for 2000+ years Warning!

Sun sensitivity

Avoid if pregnant

P 2

CINNAMON

Cinnamomum zeylanicum

Also called: ceylon cinnamon, true cinnamon, cinnamon leaf, cinnamon bark Actions: anthelmintic, antidiarrheal, antidote, antimicrobial, antiputrescent, antiseptic, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, astringent, carminative, digestive, emmenagogue, hemostatic, orexigenic, parasiticide, refrigerant, spasmolytic, stimulant (circulatory, cardiac, and respiratory systems), stomachic, vermifuge Uses: cinnamon bark oil—anorexia, circulation, colitis, diarrhea, sluggish digestion, dyspepsia, immune booster, insect bites & stings, intestinal infection, lice, rheumatism, scabies, spasms, stimulate labor, menstrual regulation, promote energy, stress, tooth & gum care, vaginal discharge, warts Comments: used in soaps & cosmetics Cautions: use in moderation; can irritate mucous membranes. Bark oil not for topical use

CITRONELLA

Cymbopogon nardus

Actions: antiperspirant, antiseptic, antispasmodic, bactericidal, diaphoretic, diuretic, emmenagogue, febrifuge, fungicidal, insecticide, stomachic, vermifuge Uses: fatigue, headaches, immune booster, insect repellent, migraines, neuralgia, oily skin, sweatiness Comments: Chinese medicine for rheumatism Cautions: may irritate sensitive skin

P

CISTUS

Cistus ladanifer

CLOVE

Syzygium aromaticum

Also called: rose of Sharon, rock rose Actions: anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiseptic, astringent, diuretic, expectorant, emmenagogue Uses: acne, boils, eczema, immune stimulant, psoriasis, respiratory ailments (e.g., coughs & bronchitis), mature skin Comments: medicinal usage is recorded in Biblical times Actions: anthelmintic, antibiotic, antiemetic, antihistaminic, antineuralgic, antioxidant, antirheumatic, antiseptic, antiviral, aphrodisiac, carminative, counterirritant, expectorant, larvicidal, spasmolytic, stimulant, stomachic, vermifuge Uses: arthritis, asthma, athlete’s foot, bronchitis, bruises, burns, colic, cuts, dyspepsia, immune booster, insect repellent, nausea, rheumatism, sprains, toothache, ulcers, wounds Cautions: can irritate skin & mucous membranes. Always dilute; best used in dilutions with less than 1% of oils from the bud. Bud and stem oil may irritate sensitive skin

CORIANDER

Coriandrum sativum

Also called: coriander seed, Chinese parsley, cilantro Actions: analgesic, antioxidant, antirheumatic, antispas-­ ­modic, aperitif, aphrodisiac, bactericidal, depurative, digestive, carminative, fungicidal, larvicidal, revitalizing, sedative, stimulant (cardiac, circulatory, and nervous systems), stomachic Uses: arthritis, circulation, colic, convulsions, diarrhea, dyspepsia, edema, fatigue, flatulence, gout, hemorrhoids, immune booster, measles, migraines, muscle aches & pains, nausea, neuralgia, rheumatism, stiffness, toxin accumulation Comments: attention to detail required in distinguishing between coriander/cilantro (leaf) oil, coriander/cilantro (seed) oil, and the Latin American variety, commonly called culantro (Eryngium foetidum) Cautions: reported to stupefy in high doses

CORIANDER, SPINY

Eryngium foetidum

Also called: Mexican coriander, culantro Actions: analgesic, anthelmintic, antibacterial, anticarcinogenic, anticonvulsant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory Uses (herbal): arthritis, asthma, burns, chills, diarrhea, earaches, epilepsy, fevers, headaches, hypertension, malaria, scorpion stings, snake bites, stomachaches, vomiting Comments: the essential oil is currently being studied for therapeutic & pharmaceutical use

COSTUS ROOT

Saussurea lappa

Also called: kut root Actions: antiseptic, antispasmodic, antiviral, bactericidal, carminative, digestive, expectorant, larvicidal Uses: asthma, bronchitis, spasmodic coughs, diarrhea, fatigue, flatulence, hiccups, indigestion, liver conditions, rheumatism, ringworm, spasms, stress Comments: has been used for millennia in India & China for digestive complaints, respiratory conditions, as a stimulant, and to treat virulent infections, including typhoid & cholera Cautions: may irritate sensitive skin

CUBEB

Piper cubeba

Also called: tailed pepper, false pepper, cubeba Actions: antiseptic, antispasmodic, antiviral, bactericidal, carminative, diuretic, expectorant, stimulant Uses: bronchitis, catarrh, chronic coughs, congestion, cystitis, flatulence, hemorrhoids, indigestion, sinusitis, throat infections, urethritis, vaginal discharge Comments: the powder form is used to treat amoebic dysentery

P

CUMIN

Cuminum cyminum

Also called: Roman caraway, black seed Actions: antioxidant, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antitoxic, aphrodisiac, bactericidal, carminative, depurative, digestive, diuretic, emmenagogue, larvicidal, nervine, stimulant Uses: anxiety, blood toxins, circulation, colic, dyspepsia, edema, fatigue, flatulence, headaches, indigestion, migraines, spasms, stress Comments: spice is an integral ingredient in curry dishes; used in both Ayurvedic & veterinary medicine to treat digestive ailments

P

CYPRESS

Cupressus sempervirens

Also called: Italian cypress, Mediterranean cypress Actions: antiperspirant, antirheumatic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, astringent, diuretic, hepatic, styptic, sudorific, vasoconstrictive Uses: asthma, bronchitis, cellulitis, circulation, coughs, edema, gums, hemorrhoids, insect repellent, menopause, menustration, muscle & joint aches, rheumatism, skin (oily & overhydrated), stress, sweatiness, varicose veins, wounds Comments: used by the Tibetans in ritual incense. In China, the nuts are believed to aid the liver & respiratory system

D

•

E

•

Artemisia pallens

Actions: antibiotic, aphrodisiac, expectorant, germicide, stimulant Uses: cramps, cuts, menopause, menstrual regulation, respiratory ailments, scrapes, tetanus Comments: popular as a perfume because its fragrance is unique to the wearer Cautions: not for use by epileptics

DILL

Anethum graveolens

ELEMI

Canarium luzonicum

Actions: antispasmodic, bactericidal, carminative, digestive, emmenagogue, galactagogue, hypotensive, stimulant, stomachic Uses: colic, dyspepsia, flatulence, indigestion, menstrual regulation, promotes milk flow in nursing mothers Comments: considered a staple medicinal herb for children’s digestion & colic Cautions: not for use by epileptics Also called: Manila elemi Actions: antiseptic, balsamic, cicatrisant, expectorant, fortifying, regulatory, stimulant, stomachic Uses: bronchitis, catarrhal conditions, congestion, fatigue, infected cuts, inflammations, stress, wrinkles Comments: used in Egyptian embalming rituals

EUCALYPTUS, BLUE GUM

Eucalyptus globulus

Also called: blue gum oil Actions: analgesic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antineur­ algic, antipyretic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antiviral, astringent, decongestant, deodorant, depurative, diuretic, expectorant, fungicide, rubefacient, vermifuge, vulnerary Uses: acne, blisters, burns, chicken pox, circulation, cuts, cystitis, disinfectant for topical infections & wounds, fever, headaches, herpes, immune booster, insect bites & stings, insect repellent, lice, muscle aches & pains, respiratory distress, rheumatoid arthritis, shingles, sinus infections, skin conditioner, sprains, staph, vaginitis Comments: the most widely used of 500+ eucalyptus oils. Used in dentistry & veterinary medicines Cautions: for external use only; lethal if ingested. Unsuitable for children

P

EUCALYPTUS, BROAD-LEAVED PEPPERMINT Eucalyptus dives var

Also called: broad-leaf peppermint, blue peppermint Actions: see blue gum eucalyptus above Uses: arthritis, asthma, bronchitis, catarrh, colds, coughs, cuts, fatigue, fevers, flu, headaches, immune booster, infections (throat & mouth), muscle aches & pains, neuralgia, rheumatism, sciatica, sores, sprains, ulcers Cautions: for external use only; highly toxic if ingested

EUCALYPTUS, LEMON

Eucalyptus citriodora

Actions: antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiseptic, insecticide Uses: athlete’s foot, asthma, blisters, bronchitis, burns, catarrh, circulation, coughs, cuts, cystitis, fatigue, headaches, herpes, infections (skin & throat), insect bites & stings, insect repellent, leucorrhoea, lice, muscle aches & pains, neuralgia, rheumatoid arthritis, sinusitis, sprains, wounds Cautions: eye irritant. For external use only; highly toxic if ingested Warning!

Sun sensitivity

Foeniculum vulgare var. dulce

Also called: fenkel Actions: anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiseptic, antispasmodic, aperitif, carminative, circulatory stimulant, depurative, diuretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, galactagogue, laxative, splenic, stomachic, vermifuge Uses: asthma, bronchitis, bruises, cellulitis, colic, mature complexions, constipation, dyspepsia, edema, flatulence, hiccups, menopause, nausea, promote lactation (in mothers), pyorrhoea, rheumatism, oily skin Cautions: only sweet fennel oil is for therapeutic use; narcotic in high doses; not for use by epileptics. Bitter fennel oil (var. amara) has no therapeutic use in pure form but is used in pharmaceutical cough drops

P

FENUGREEK

Trigonella foenum

Also called: alholva, bird’s foot, Greek clover Actions: anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antispasmodic, emollient, expectorant, galactagogue, sudorific Uses: boils, cysts, digestion, lactation, respiratory ailments, skin care (general) Cautions: dilute for topical use. Not for babies or children

FIR NEEDLE, SILVER

F

DAVANA

FENNEL

Avoid if pregnant

P

Abies alba

Also called: templin cone Actions: analgesic, antiseptic, antitussive, deodorant, expectorant, rubefacient, stimulant, tonic Uses: arthritis, bronchitis, coughs, immune booster, muscle aches & pains, rheumatism, sinusitis Comments: herbal & oil uses both include respiratory ailments, fevers, muscle aches, and rheumatic pain. Considered among druids to be appropriate for shapeshifting

FRANKINCENSE

Boswellia carteri Also called: olibanum Actions: anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, astringent, carminative, cicatrisant, cytophylactic, digestive, diuretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, sedative, uterine, vulnerary Uses: acne, anxiety asthma, blemishes, bronchitis, catarrh, complexions (dry & mature), coughs, cystitis, immune booster, laryngitis, leucorrhoea, menstrual cramps, scars, stress, wounds Comments: an incense; rejuvenates facemasks, cosmetics, and perfumes; has treated syphilis, rheumatism, respiratory & urinary tract infections, skin diseases, and digestive ailments

G GALANGAL

Alpinia officinarum

Actions: antiseptic, aphrodisiac, bactericidal, carminative, diaphoretic, stimulant, stomachic Uses: bronchitis, circulation, colds, colic, coughs, digestion, dyspepsia, fatigue, fevers, flatulence, immune booster, liver & gallbladder ailments, motion sickness & nausea, rheumatism, sore throat Comments: considered a protector among practitioners; used to build courage, solve legal issues, and break evil spells

GALBANUM

Ferula galbaniflua

Actions: analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiseptic, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, balsamic, carminative, cicatrisant, digestive, diuretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, hypotensive, restorative Uses: abscesses, acne, asthma, boils, bronchitis, catarrh, chronic coughs, circulation, cramps, cuts, flatulence, indigestion, inflammation, muscle aches & pains, rheumatism, scar tissue, stress, tension, tones skin, wounds, wrinkles

GARLIC

Allium sativum

Also called: allium, poor man’s treacle Actions: antibiotic, antimicrobial, antiseptic, antiviral, bactericidal, carminative, cholagogue, depurative, diaphoretic, diuretic, expectorant, febrifuge, fungicidal, hypocholesterolemic, hypoglycaemic, hypotensive, insecticidal, larvicidal, stomachic Uses: allergies, cancer control (breast, colon, lung, prostate, and stomach), catarrh, corns, cystitis, ear infections, genital herpes, heart & circulatory issues, high blood pressure, immune booster, infections (fungal, gastrointestinal, and respiratory), parasites, pneumonia, rheumatic pain, toothache, tuberculosis, warts Comments: long history of herbal medicinal use, including preventing gangrene & sepsis in WWI Cautions: any topical use must be highly diluted

GERANIUM

Pelargonium graveolens

Also called: rose geranium Actions: antidepressant, antihemorrhagic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, astringent, cicatrisant, deodorant, diuretic, fungicidal, hemostatic, stimulant (adrenal cortex), styptic, vermifuge, vulnerary Uses: acne, adrenocortical glands, anxiety, engorged breasts, bruises, burns, broken capillaries, cellulitis, circulation, mature complexions, cuts, dermatitis, eczema, edema, hemorrhoids, lice, menopause, mosquito repellent, neuralgia, ringworm, sore throat, tonsillitis, skin (congested & oily), stress, ulcers, wounds Cautions: may irritate sensitive skin 3

GINGER

Zingiber officinale

Also called: Jamaican ginger Actions: analgesic, antioxidant, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antitussive, aperitif, aphrodisiac, bactericidal, carminative, cephalic, diaphoretic, expectorant, febrifuge, laxative, rubefacient, stimulant, stomachic, tonic Uses: arthritis, catarrh, circulation, congestion, coughs, fatigue, muscle aches & pains, rheumatism, sinusitis, sprains, sore throat Comments: used as a kitchen spice, a remedy for bacterial dysentery, toothache, malaria, excess mucus, and diarrhea Cautions: may irritate sensitive skin

GOLDENROD

Solidago canadensis

GRAPEFRUIT

Citrus paradisi

Also called: liberty tea Actions: antihistaminic, anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular, cicatrisant, diuretic, expectorant, hepatic, lymphatic decongestant, nervine Uses: arrhythmia, hay fever, high blood pressure, liver congestion, sinus Comments: replaced British tea in the US colonies Also called: shaddock oil Actions: antiseptic, antitoxic, astringent, bactericidal, depurative, diuretic, stimulant (lymphatic & digestive), tonic Uses: acne, cellulitis, depression, edema, exercise preparation, hair loss, headaches, immune booster, muscle fatigue, skin (congested & oily), stiffness, stress, tones skin & tissues Comments: short shelf life

GUAIACWOOD

Bulnesia sarmienti

Also called: champaca wood oil, palo santo (not to be confused with Bursera graveolens) Actions: anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antirheumatic, antiseptic, aphrodisiac, astringent, balsamic, diaphoretic, diuretic, laxative Uses: arthritis, bronchitis, gout, immune booster, lymphatic system, rheumatoid arthritis, skin tonic, tuberculosis Comments: steam-distilled from the heart of the palo santo tree. Herbal elixir said to combat venereal diseases

H HEMP

•

I

•

J Cannabis sativa

Also called: cannabis oil Actions: antiallergenic, anti-inflammatory, anticatarrhal, antispasmodic, calmative Uses: anxiety, asthma, chronic pain, eczema, female hormonal balancing, hay fever, insomnia, menstruation, muscles (aches, pains, and stiffness), rashes, respiratory ailments, sinusitis, skin allergies, stimulant, stress Comments: from the flower of the unfertilized female hemp plant. Contains no tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Avoid confusion with hempseed oil (primarily dietary function) or hash oil (narcotic)

HELICHRYSUM

Helichrysum angustifolium

Also called: Helichrysum italicum, immortelle, everlasting, St John’s herb (note potential for confusion with St. John’s wort) Actions: analgesic, antiallergenic, anticoagulant, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antitussive, antiviral, astringent, cytophylactic, diuretic, expectorant, fungicidal, hemostatic, hepatic, nervine, stimulant Uses: acne, allergies, boils, bruises, burns, bursitis, cuts, depression, dermatitis, eczema, fatigue, immune booster, infections (bacterial & viral), inflammation, insect bites & stings, liver & spleen congestion, lumbago, muscle aches & pains, neuralgia, rheumatism, scars, sprains, strains, stress Comments: often hailed as “miraculous” for its effective cell regeneration to improve or eliminate scar tissue Cautions: not for children

P

HOPS

Humulus lupulus

Actions: antiallergenic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiseptic, antitussive, astringent, cholagogue, cicatrisant, diuretic, expectorant, fungicidal, hepatic, nervine Uses: asthma, coughs, dermatitis, headaches, indigestion, insomnia, menstrual cramps, rashes, stress Comments: flowers are a critical flavoring ingredient in beer, especially India pale ales (IPAs) Cautions: not recommended for people with depression. Narcotic in high doses

HYSSOP

Hyssopus officinalis

Also called: azob Actions: antiseptic, antispasmodic, antiviral, astringent, bacteri­ cidal, carminative, cephalic, cicatrisant, digestive, diuretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, febrifuge, hypertensive, nervine, sedative, sudorific, stimulant (heart & circulation), vermifuge, vulnerary Uses: anxiety, asthma, bronchitis, bruises, catarrh, colic, coughs, eczema, fatigue, high & low blood pressure, immune booster, indigestion, nervous tension, rheumatism, scrapes, stress, sore throat, tonsillitis, whooping cough Cautions: mildly toxic; use moderately. Not for epileptics

P

IDAHO TANSY

Tanacetum vulgare

Also called: bachelor’s buttons, scented fern Actions: antibacterial, antihistamine, antiviral, sedative Uses: muscle aches & pains, parasites, respiratory ailments & infections, sprains, vascular issues Comments: flowers are used to treat worms. External use in herb form is considered safe for children. Included for its historic herbal popularity as the “snake medicine” cure-all fabled in folklore Cautions: not for use as a single essential oil. Considered too potent when distilled into its single oil but is often blended

P

JASMINE

Jasminum officinale

LEMON

Citrus limon

Also called: cedro oil Actions: antianemic, antimicrobial, antirheumatic, antisclerotic, antiscorbutic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antitoxic, astringent, bactericidal, carminative, cicatrisant, depurative, diaphoretic, diuretic, febrifuge, hemostatic, hypotensive, insecticidal, rubefacient, stimulates immune system, vermifuge Uses: acne, anemia, arthritis, asthma, boils, chilblains, circulation, corns, dyspepsia, fever, flu, herpes, high blood pressure, insect bites & stings, mouth ulcers, brittle nails, nosebleeds, rheumatism, oily skin, throat infections, varicose veins, warts

Also called: poet’s jessamine Actions: mild analgesic, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, carminative, cicatrisant, expectorant, galactagogue, parturient, sedative, uterine tonic Uses: catarrh, coughs, depression, fatigue, laryngitis, muscle spasms, promote labor contractions, skin (dry & irritated), sprains Comments: popular in high-end perfumes. Other jasmine essential oils readily available have similar properties, especially jasminum grandiflorum & jasminum sambac Cautions: use in small quantities & dilute well

LEMON BALM

JUNIPER

Also called: native lemongrass Actions: analgesic, antidepressant, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiperspirant, antipyretic, antiseptic, astringent, bactericidal, carminative, febrifuge, fungicidal, galactagogue, insecticidal, nervine, sedative, stimulant Uses: acne, athlete’s foot, circulation, fatigue, headaches, immune booster, insect repellent, muscle aches & pains, large pores, stress, sweatiness Comments: Indian traditional use as a sedative & insect repellent (fleas, lice, and ticks) & to treat infections, fevers, and scabies Cautions: may irritate sensitive skin

Juniperus communis

Actions: antirheumatic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antitoxic, aphrodisiac, astringent, carminative, cicatrisant, depurative, diuretic, parasiticide, rubefacient, sedative, vulnerary Uses: arthritis, cellulitis, cuts, gout, hemorrhoids, immune booster, obesity, rheumatism, scrapes, oily skin Cautions: an abortifacient; dangerous for those with kidney disease

P

L LABDANUM

Cistus ladaniferus

Also called: European rock rose Actions: antimicrobial, antiseptic, antitussive, astringent, expectorant Uses: colds, coughs, rhinitis, wrinkles Comments: an ancient herbal remedy for diarrhea & menstrual regulation

P

LAVANDIN

Lavandula x intermedia Also called: bastard lavender Actions: analgesic, anticonvulsive, antidepressant, antimicrobial, antirheumatic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antitoxic, carminative, cholagogue, cytophylactic, deodorant, diuretic, hypotensive, insecticide, parasiticide, rubefacient, vermifuge, vulnerary Uses: cold, flu, muscles (aches, pains, and stiffness) Comments: short history of therapeutic use (