Essays in Ottoman and Turkish History, 1774–1923: The Impact of the West [1st ed.] 0292720645, 9780292720640

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Modem Middle East Series, No. 16 Sponsored by the Center for Middle Eastern Studies The University of Texns at Austin

Essays in Ottoman and Turkish History,

1774-1923 The Impact of the West Roderic H. Davison

Y

UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS PRESS, AUSTIN

Copyright © 1990 by the University of Texas Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America First Edition, 1990 Requests for permission to reproduce material from this work should be sent to Permissions, University of Texas Press, Box 7819, Austin, Texas 78713-7819. @)The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences-Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39-48-1984. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Davison, Roderic H. Essays in Ottoman and Turkish history, 1774- 1923 : the impact of the West / Roderic H. Davison. - 1st ed. p. cm. - (Modern Middle East series; no. 16) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-292-72064-5 I. Turkey-History-Abdul Hamid I, 1774- . 1789. 2. Turkey-History-Selim III, 1789-1808. 3· Turkey-HistorY- 19th century. 4. TurkeyHistorY-20th century. 5. Turkey-CivilizationOccidental influences. 1. Title. II. Series: Modern Middle East series (Austin, Tex.) ; no. 16. DR555·D38 1990 956. 1'015-dc20 89-70774 CIP

To my students, who for the past fifty years have made the teaching of history a stimulating adventure, and to the librarians, archivists, editors, designers, printers, and members of academic, scholarly, and eleemosynary institutions-colleagues whose help has made the search and the writing so pleasurable.

Contents

Acknowledgments Introduction I.

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ix

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The Turks in History 1 A capsule account of Turkish origins and of the rise, height, decline, and reform of the Ottoman Empire, to the rise of the Republic.

"Russian Skill and Turkish Imbecility": The Treaty of Kuchuk Kainardji Reconsidered 29 The Ottoman-Russian treaty of 1774, allowing Russia great commercial and diplomatic privileges and a dubious "right" to protect Christians in Ottoman domains.

3. The "Dosografa" Church in the Treaty of Kii