English verb tenses for lazybones 9785392155002

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Е. А. Васильева

ENGLISH VERB TENSES for lazybones ВРЕМЕНА АНГЛИЙСКИХ ГЛАГОЛОВ ДЛЯ ЛЕНИВЫХ

Москва 2015

УДК 811.111’36(075.8) ББК 81.2Англ-923 В19

Электронные версии книг на сайте www.prospekt.org

Васильева Е. А. В19

English verb tenses for lazybones. Времена английских глаголов для ленивых. — Москва : Проспект, 2015. — 32 с. ISBN 978-5-392-15500-2 One of the most effective skills in studying English is the ability to feel confident in using different grammar structures. The reference guide helps to find your way through the maze of numerous English verb forms in a short time. Such categories as voice, mood, basic verb forms, sentence structures are defined and explained in a form of tables with several examples to each rule. The combined chart of tenses is given in the guide too. Один из основных навыков в изучении иностранного языка – уверенность в использовании различных грамматических структур. Данный гид поможет вам быстро разобраться в многочисленных глагольных формах английского языка. Такие важные категории как голос, настроение, формы глаголов, структуры предложений описаны и представлены в виде таблиц, также дается по несколько примеров для каждого правила. Помимо того, в книге приводится таблица, включающая в себя все времена глаголов. Вся книга написана на английском языке.

УДК 811.111’36(075.8) ББК 81.2Англ-923

Учебное издание Васильева Елена Анатольевна ENGLISH VERB TENSES FOR LAZYBONES ВРЕМЕНА АНГЛИЙСКИХ ГЛАГОЛОВ ДЛЯ ЛЕНИВЫХ Учебное пособие Оригинал-макет подготовлен компанией ООО «Оригинал-макет» www.o-maket.ru; тел.: (495) 726-18-84 Санитарно-эпидемиологическое заключение № 77.99.60.953.Д.004173.04.09 от 17.04.2009 г. Подписано в печать 01.09.2014. Формат 6090 1/16. Печать офсетная. Печ. л. 2,0. Тираж 100 экз. Заказ № ООО «Проспект» 111020, г. Москва, ул. Боровая, д. 7, стр. 4.

ISBN 978-5-392-15500-2

© Васильева Е. А., 2014 © ООО «Проспект», 2014

Contents Table of English Tenses ...................................................................... 5 1. Basic Forms .................................................................................. 5 2. Types of Verbs ............................................................................... 5 3. Regular and Irregular Verbs............................................................ 6 4. Mood ........................................................................................... 7 5. Voice ............................................................................................ 7 6. Sentence Structure ........................................................................ 7

1. Simple Tenses Active ..................................................................... 8 1.1.1. The Present Simple Tense ......................................................... 8 1.1.2. The Past Simple Tense ............................................................. 8 1.1.3. The Future Simple Tense ......................................................... 9 1.1.4. If , when clauses .................................................................... 10

2. Simple Tenses Passive ................................................................. 11 1.2.1. The Present Simple Tense (Passive) ........................................ 11 1.2.2. The Past Simple Tense (Passive) ............................................. 11 1.2.3. The Future Simple Tense (Passive) ......................................... 12

3. Continuous Tenses Active ............................................................ 13 2.1.1. The Present Continuous Tense ............................................... 13 2.1.2. Verbs with no -ing form .......................................................... 13 2.1.3. The Past Continuous Tense .................................................... 14 2.1.4. The Future Continuous Tense ................................................ 15

2.2. Continuous Tenses Passive ....................................................... 16 2.2.1. The Present Continuous Tense (Passive) ................................. 16 2.2.2. The Past Continuous Tense (Passive) ..................................... 16

3.1. Perfect Tenses Active................................................................ 18 3.1.1. The Present Perfect Tense ...................................................... 18 3.1.2. The Past Perfect Tense ........................................................... 19 3.1.3. The Future Perfect Tense ....................................................... 19

4

Contents

3.2. Perfect Tenses Passive.............................................................. 21 3.2.1. The Present Perfect Tense (Passive) ........................................ 21 3.2.2. The Past Perfect Tense (Passive) ............................................. 21 3.2.3. The Future Perfect Tense (Passive) ......................................... 22

4.1. Perfect Continuous Tenses Active ............................................ 23 4.1.1. The Present Perfect Continuous Tense ................................... 23 4.1.2. The Past Perfect Continuous Tense – Прошедшее совершенно-длительное время ............................... 23 4.1.3. The Future Perfect Continuous Tense .................................... 24

5.1. The Future in the Past Tenses Active ........................................ 25 5.1.1. Future Simple in the Past ....................................................... 25 5.1.2. Future Continuous in the Past ................................................ 25 5.1.3. Future Perfect in the Past ....................................................... 26 5.1.4. Future Perfect Continuous in the Past .................................... 26

5.2. The Future in the Past Tenses Passive ...................................... 27 5.2.1. The Future Simple in the Past (Passive) .................................. 27 5.2.2. The Future Perfect in the Past (Passive) .................................. 27

Active Voice ..................................................................................... 28 Passive Voice ................................................................................... 29

5

Types of Verbs

Table of English Tenses 1. Basic Forms The Infinitive

Past Simple

Past Participle

Present Participle

(I) to V

(II) V-ed

(III) V-ed

(IV)V-ing

to work, to go

worked, went

worked, gone

working, going

2. Types of Verbs Notional Verbs

Auxiliary Verbs

Link Verbs

- independent meaning; - simple predicate in sentences;

- no independent meaning; - make complex forms;

- no independent meaning; - form compound nominal predicate;

- attitude to actions; - only with a notional verb;

to be

can must may

to live, to build

to do to be to have shall (should) will (would)

Modal verbs

to be

to do

to have

1) a notional verb “to exist, to locate, to belong” It is a house. He was at home

1) a notional verb “to accomplish, to fulfill” Do the exercise! What do you do?

1) a notional verb “to possess” We’ll have a new house. She had a son.

Table of English Tenses

6

to be

to do

to have

2) a link verb You were right. 3) an auxiliary verb (Active Continuous Tenses, Tenses in passive) I am writing. It was done. in fixed word combinations They are in a hurry.

2) an auxiliary verb (Active Simple Tenses) What did they say? I don’t swim. 3) in fixed word combinations Do your best!

2) an auxiliary verb (Perfect Tenses) Have you had lunch yet? It has been built in time. 3) in fixed word combinations I’m having a headache now.

I

II

III

IV

to be

to be

was, were

been

being

to do

to do

did

done

doing

to have

to have

had

had

having

3. Regular and Irregular Verbs Regular Verbs Past Simple played, lived Past Participle played, lived

V-ed V-ed

Irregular Verbs Past Simple went, built Past Participle gone, built

V (II) V (III)

Sentence Structure

7

4. Mood Indicative Mood The action is a real fact. I have built a new house.

Imperative Mood

Subjunctive Mood

Instructions, orders, requests Build a new house!

The action is possible or desired. If I were rich I would build a new house.

5. Voice Active Voice

Passive Voice

The subject performs the action. Jack built the house a year ago.

The subject receives the action. The house was built (by Jack) a year ago.

6. Sentence Structure The word order is fixed: the subject (S), the predicate (P), the Object (O), the Adverbial Modifier (Adv).

Positive sentence “+”

S+P S + a.v. (auxiliary verb) + P

Negative sentence “-”

S + a.v. + not + P

Questions “?”

a.v. + S + P (yes/no question) Wh-? + a.v. + S + P (Wh-?) Wh-? + P (question to the subject) Wh-? + a.v. + P (question to the subject)

Simple Tenses Active

8

1. Simple Tenses Active 1.1.1. The Present Simple Tense “+”

“-”

“?”

I/You/We/They build houses. He/She/It builds houses.

I/You/We/They do not build houses. He/She/It does not build houses.

Do I/you/ we/they build houses? Does he/she/it build houses?

N + V/Vs

N + do/does + not + V

(Wh-?) + do/ does + N+ V

• • • •

General actions; e.g. People build houses of different materials. Universal truths; e.g. The sun rises in the east. Habitual actions; e.g. Sam reads a newspaper at breakfast. Time expressions: never, seldom, hardly ever, rarely, occasionally, sometimes, from time to time, regularly, often, frequently, every day/ month/year, usually, always. e.g. We often meet Liz in the sports club. • Instructions, directions; e.g. Clean your teeth twice a day. • Demonstrations, step by step instructions; e.g. First I wash the potatoes, peel them, cut and add a little salt. • Timetables (verbs of movement): to arrive,to come, to start, to leave и т.д. e.g. The classes start at 9 a.m.

1.1.2. The Past Simple Tense “+”

“-”

“?”

Regular I/You/We/ Regular They/He/She/It lived I/You/We/They did in a new house. not live in a new house.

Regular Did I/you/we/they live in a new house?

Irregular I/You/We/They/He/ She/It built a house a year ago.

Irregular Did I/you/we/they he/ she/it build a house a year ago?

Irregular He/She/It did not build a house a year ago.

The Future Simple Tense

9

“+” N + Ved N + V (II)

“-” N + did + not + V

“?” (Wh-?) + did + N +V

• Statement of facts; e.g. Columbus discovered America. • A succession of past events; e.g. We met in the club, played a game of snooker and then went to the cinema. • A single action in the past; e.g. Bob finished his dinner half an hour ago. • A repeated action in the past; e.g. Every summer the Potters visited their friends in Australia. • No connection with the present situation; e.g. I didn’t have a car when I was young. • Specific time – yesterday, some time ago, the other day, in 1995, during the trip, last Monday, then, when, just now e.g. Judy phoned just now.

1.1.3. The Future Simple Tense “+”

“-”

“?”

I/ /We will/shall live in a new house. You/They/He/She/It will live in a new house.

I/ We will/shall not live in a new house. You/They/He/She/ It will not live in a new house.

Will/Shall I /we live in a new house? Will you/they he/she/ it live in a new house?

N + shall/will + V

N + shall/will + not+V

(Wh-?)+ shall/will+ N +V

• A single action in the future; e.g. I’ll stop smoking one day. • A repeated action in the future; e.g. Tom will go to the swimming pool three times a week. • •Time expressions – next week, tomorrow, in 2010, in a month, later, one day etc. • Feelings, doubts, thoughts without any objective evidences. (I think, I guess, I suppose, probably, perhaps, etc.) e.g. I won’t pass the exam. e.g. It will be cold tomorrow. e.g. Cars will be very different in the year 2050.

Simple Tenses Active

10

• • • • •

A future action is definite with some objective evidences at present (am/is/are going to); e.g. Look! Jack is going to jump off the tree. A future action is unplanned, spontaneous e.g. What will you do at the weekend? – I don’t know. Perhaps I’ll invite friends to my place. A future action is planned or arranged (am/is/are going to); e.g. They are going to buy a new car soon. Personal plans, informal schedule (place and time is often pointed out), (the Present Continuous Tense); e.g. I’m having an interview at 12.00 on Tuesday. Formal schedules, instructions (the Present Simple Tense); e.g. Next train for Liverpool leaves at 7.30. Where do I buy the tickets for this train?

1.1.4. If , when clauses If clauses with if, suppose (that), provided (that), etc. If + N + V (Present Simple), N + will/shall + V E.g. If I come, I’ll see you. You will make a lot of mistakes unless you learn the rule. We’ll meet with Ann’s parents provided that Tom introduces us to her first. When clauses with before, as soon as, after, when, until, while, etc. When + N + V (Present Simple), N + will/shall + V E.g. They will believe it when they see it. Mrs. Gordon won’t buy fruit until the price falls. We’ll be ready before you count ten. While I live, I shall never forget my mother’s eyes.

The Present Simple Tense (Passive)

11

2. Simple Tenses Passive 1.2.1. The Present Simple Tense (Passive) “+”

“-”

I am often invited to housewarming parties.

I am not often invited to housewarming parties.

Am I often invited to housewarming parties?

You/We/They are not often invited to housewarming parties.

Are you/we/ often invited to housewarming parties?

He/She/It is not often invited to housewarming parties.

Is he/she/it often invited to housewarming parties?

N + am/is/are +not +V(III)

(Wh-?) + am/is/are + N +V(III)

We/You/They are often invited to housewarming parties. He/She/It is often invited to housewarming parties.

N + am/is/are + V(III)

“?”

E.g. I am often invited to housewarming parties. E.g. English is spoken all over the world. 1.2.2. The Past Simple Tense (Passive) “+” I/He/She/It was invited to a housewarming party last week. We/You/They were invited a housewarming party last week.

“-” I/He/She/It was not invited to a housewarming party last week. We/You/They were not invited to a housewarming party last week.

“?” Was I/ he/she/it invited to a housewarming party last week? Were we/you/they invited to a housewarming party last week?

2. Simple Tenses Passive

12

“+” N + was/were + V(III)

“-” N + am/is/are +not + V(III)

“?” (Wh-?) + am/is/are + N +V(III)

E.g. We weren’t invited to a housewarming party last week. E.g. Were any questions asked about you? 1.2.3. The Future Simple Tense (Passive) “+”

“-”

“?”

I/We shall be invited to a housewarming party next week.

I/We shall not be invited to a housewarming party next week.

You/They/He/She/ It will be invited to a housewarming party next week.

You/He/She/It/They will not be invited to a housewarming party next week.

Shall I/we be invited to a housewarming party next week? Will you/he/she/it/ they be invited to a housewarming party next week?

N + shall/will + be + N + shall/will +not + V(III) be + V(III)

E.g. Will he be invited to a housewarming party? E.g. The matter will be discussed tomorrow.

(Wh-?) + shall/will + N + be + V(III)

Verbs with no -ing form

13

3. Continuous Tenses Active 2.1.1. The Present Continuous Tense “+”

“-”

“?”

I am building a new house. He/She/It is building a new house. We/You/They are building a new house.

I am not building a new house. He/She/It is not building a new house. We/You/They are not building a new house.

Am I building a new house? Is he/she/it building a new house? Are we/you/they building a new house?

N + am/is/are + Ving

N + am/is/are +not +Ving

(Wh-?)+am/is/are +N+ Ving

• An action is going on now, at the moment of speaking. E.g. You are reading this sentence now. • An action is happening around this moment. E.g. He’s building a house these days. • Time expressions: now, at the moment, at this time, these days, etc. E.g. Liz is reading Agatha Christi at the moment. • Changing or developing situations E.g. The political situation is changing every day there. • Permanent situations (to express annoyance, surprise, disapproval, etc.) E.g. I’m always losing my keys. Sally’s always giving us small presents.

2.1.2. Verbs with no -ing form Verbs of physical perception: to see, to hear, to feel (that), to smell, to taste, etc. E.g. I see a man outside, he’s looking at me. Shh! Do you hear anything? Help yourself with the cake. – Thanks. Oh, it tastes delicious!

Continuous Tenses Active

14

Emotional states: to love, to like, to adore, to hate, to want, to wish, to desire, to prefer, to need, to forgive ,to care, etc. E.g. I adore summer, but hate winter. Jack wants to study French. We prefer fish to meat. Mental states: to know, to believe, to think (that), to understand, to forget, to remember, to recognize, to notice, to seem, to appear, to look, etc. E.g. Do you believe me? I don’t think (= don’t believe) Sam is right. но What are you thinking about (= what is in your mind)? You look wonderful today! Possession: to have, to possess, to own, to belong to, to contain, to consist, etc. E.g. The car belongs to Brian. Do you have (= possess) any questions? но Are you having lunch (= eating smth) now? The group consists of ten members. 2.1.3. The Past Continuous Tense “+”

“-”

“?”

I/He/She/It was building a new house.. We/You/They were building a new house.

I/He/She/It was not building a new house. We/You/They were not building a new house.

Was I/he/she/it building a new house? Were we/you/they building a new house?

N + was/were + Ving

N + was/were +not +Ving

(Wh-?) + was/were + N + Ving

• A developing action at a specific time in the past. E.g. John was having an interview at noon. • Time expressions: at that moment, at that time, those days, at 5 o’clock yesterday, etc. E.g. I was speaking on the phone at that moment. • No result or completion; E.g. Bob was cooking the dinner. • A lasting action in the past as the background for another action in the Past Simple. E.g. When Granny came in, the boys were playing. While they were swimming it started to rain.

The Future Continuous Tense

15

• Neither result nor completeness of actions is important, but their time extension. E.g. We were building a new house in summer.

2.1.4. The Future Continuous Tense “+”

“-”

“?”

I/ We shall be building a new house.. You/They/ He/She/ It will be building a new house.

I/ We shall not be building a new house. You/They/ He/She/ It will not be building a new house.

Shall I/we be building a new house? Will /you/they/he/she/it be building a new house?

N + shall/will be + V ing

N + shall/will + not +be + V ing

(Wh-?) + shall/will + N + V ing

• A developing action at a specific time in the future. E.g. John will be flying home this time in a week. • Time expressions at that moment, at that time, at 5 o’clock, etc. E.g. I’ll be writing letters at 5 o’clock on Monday. • A lasting action in the past as the background for another action in the Present Simple (If-, When clauses). E.g. When the Smiths arrive, we’ll be having dinner. • Neither result nor completeness of actions is important, but their time extension E.g. You’ll be building a new house during the summer.

Continuous Tenses Passive

16

2.2. Continuous Tenses Passive 2.2.1. The Present Continuous Tense (Passive) “+”

“-”

“?”

I am being invited to a housewarming party now.

I am not being invited to a housewarming party now.

Am I being invited to a housewarming party?

We/You/They are being invited to a housewarming party now.

We/You/They are not being invited to a housewarming party now.

He/She/It is being invited to a housewarming party now.

He/She/It is not being invited to a housewarming party now.

N + am/is/are + being + V(III)

N + am/is/are +not + being + V(III)

Are we/you/they being invited to a housewarming party now? Is he/she/it being invited to a housewarming party now?

(Wh-?) + am/is/are + N+ being + V(III)

E.g. She is being invited to a housewarming party now. E.g. The computer isn’t being repaired now. 2.2.2. The Past Continuous Tense (Passive) “+”

“-”

I/He/She/It was being invited to a home party at noon yesterday.

I/He/She/It was not being invited to a home party at noon yesterday.

We/You/They were being invited to a home party at noon yesterday.

We/You/They were not being invited to a home party at noon yesterday.

“?” Was I/ he/she/it being invited to a home party at noon yesterday? Were we/you/they being invited to a home party at noon yesterday?

The Past Continuous Tense (Passive)

“+” N + was/were + being + V(III)

17

“-” N + was/were +not + being + V(III)

“?” (Wh-?) + was/were + N+ being + V(III)

E.g.Were they being invited to a home party yesterday at noon? E.g. The pie was being cooked from two to four o’clock.

Perfect Tenses Active

18

3.1. Perfect Tenses Active 3.1.1. The Present Perfect Tense “+”

“-”

“?”

Regular I/You/We/They have moved to a new house. He/she/it has moved to a new house. Irregular I/You/We/They have built a new house. He/She/It has built a new house .

Regular I/You/We/They have not moved to a new house. He/she/it has not moved to a new house. Irregular I/You/We/They have not built a new house. He/She/It has not built a new house.

Regular Have I/you/we/they moved to a new house? Has he/she/it moved to a new house? Irregular Have I/you/we/they built a new house? Has he/she/it built a new house?

N +have/has + V-ed N + have/has + V (III)

N + have/has + not +V-ed N + have/has + V (III)

(Wh-?) + have/has + N +V-ed (Wh-?) + have/has +N +V (III)

• A completed action; E.g. I’ve cleaned the room. • The result of the action is essential at the moment of speaking. E.g. Mum has made a cake. Taste it. • Neither time, nor length of the action is important, but its influence on the current situation. E.g. Sam has passed the driving test and now he’s going to buy his own car. • With time expressions the Past Simple is used. E.g. Sam passed the test a week ago. • An action is completed within a present period of time. E.g. We have gone to the cinema twice this week. • No details (the news) E.g. Liz has had a baby boy. • Indefinite Adverbs – ever, for, never, already, yet, lately, recently, just, since, before; this year, this month, today, etc. E.g. Kate has never smoked. • An action began in the past and is still going on. E.g. Paul has lived in Spain for many years.

The Future Perfect Tense

19

3.1.2. The Past Perfect Tense “+”

“-”

“?”

Regular I/You/We/They/He/ She/It had moved to a new house. Irregular I/You/We/They/ He/She/It had built a new house.

Regular I/You/We/They/He/ She/It had not moved to a new house. Irregular I/You/We/They/He/ She/It had not built a new house.

Regular Had I/you/we/they/ he/she/it moved to a new house? Irregular Had I/you/we/they/ he/she/it built a new house?

N +had + V-ed

N + had+ not +V-ed

N + had+ V (III)

N + had + V (III)

(Wh-?) + had + N +V-ed (Wh-?) + had +N +V (III)

• A completed action by a specific time in the past. E.g. Jimmy had returned home by midnight. • Time expressions: before, after, by the end of the term, by 7 o’clock, by that time, etc. E.g. Before they moved to a new house, they had built it.

3.1.3. The Future Perfect Tense “+”

“-”

“?”

Regular I/ /We shall have moved to a new house. You/They/He/She/ It will have moved to a new house.

Regular I /We shall not have moved to a new house. You/They/He/She/It will not have moved to a new house.

Regular Shall I/we have moved to a new house? Will you/they/he/she/ it have moved to a new house?

Perfect Tenses Active

20

“+”

“-”

“?”

Irregular I/We shall have built a new house. You/They/He/She/ It will have built a new house.

Irregular I/ We shall not have built a new house. You/They/He/She/ It will not have built a new house.

Irregular Shall I/we have built a new house? Will you/they/he/she/ it have built a new house?

N +shall/will+have + V-ed

N + shall/will + have + not + V-ed N + shall/will + have + not + V (III)

(Wh-?) + shall/will + N + have + V-ed (Wh-?) + shall/will + N + have + V (III)

N +shall/will+have +V(III)

• A completed action before or by definite time in the future. E.g. David will have known the results before Saturday. • Time expressions: by the end of the term, by 7 o’clock, by that time, etc. E.g. Before they move to a new house, they’ll have set the furniture in it.

The Present Perfect Tense (Passive)

21

3.2. Perfect Tenses Passive 3.2.1. The Present Perfect Tense (Passive) “+”

“-”

I/You/We/They have been invited to a housewarming party.

I/You/We/They have not been invited to a housewarming party.

He/she/it has been invited to housewarming a party.

He/she/it has not been invited to a housewarming party.

N+have/ has+been+V (III)

N + have/has+ not+ been + V (III)

“?” Have I/You/We/ They been invited to housewarming a party? Has He/she/it been invited to a housewarming a party? (Wh-?)+have/has+ N + been + V (III)

E.g. Has he been invited to a housewarming party? E.g. What has been done about it? 3.2.2. The Past Perfect Tense (Passive) “+”

“-”

“?”

I/You/We/They/ He/she/it had been invited to a housewarming party.

I/You/We/They/He/ she/it had not been invited to a housewarming party.

Had I/You/We/ They/He/she/it been invited to a housewarming party.

N + had + been + V (III)

N + had + not + been + V (III)

(Wh-?) + had + N + been + V (III)

E.g. Had you been invited to the party before I phoned you?

Perfect Tenses Passive

22

3.2.3. The Future Perfect Tense (Passive) “+”

“-”

“?”

I/We/shall have been invited to a housewarming party in a week.

I/We/shall not have been invited to a housewarming party in a week.

Shall I/We/ have been invited to a housewarming party in a week?

You/He/she/it/They will have been invited to a housewarming party in a week.

You/He/she/it/They will not have been invited to a housewarming party in a week.

Will You/He/she/it/ They have been invited to a housewarming party in a week?

N + shall/will + have + been + V (III)

N + shall/will + not + have + been +V (III)

(Wh-?) + shall/will + N + have + been +V (III)

E.g. They won’t have been invited by the weekend. E.g. The dinner will have been cooked by seven o’clock.

The Past Perfect Continuous Tense

23

4.1. Perfect Continuous Tenses Active 4.1.1. The Present Perfect Continuous Tense “+” I/We/You/They have been building a new house. He/She/It has been building a new house.

N +have/ has+been +Ving

“-”

“?”

I/We/You/They have not been building a new house. He/She/It has not been building a new house.

N+have/has+not+been+Ving

Have I/ we/ you/they been building a new house? Has he/she/it been building a new house? (Wh-?)+have/ has+been+N +V-ing

• An action began, was going on within a past situation, and is still essential within a present situation. E.g. Peter has been living in Japan for three years. • Time expressions: for a long time, for two hours; since yesterday, since 5 o’clock. E.g. We have been building a new house for a long time. The cat has been sleeping in the arm-chair since tea-time. • State verbs (to sit, to stand, to lie, to stay, to rest, to wait, etc.). E.g. Anne has been waiting for the answer since yesterday morning. • A completed action, but the result is an objective evidence. E.g. Tom’s clothes are so dirty; he’s been painting the fence.

4.1.2. The Past Perfect Continuous Tense – Прошедшее совершеннодлительное время “+” I/We/You/They/

“-” I/We/You/They/He/

“?” Had I/we/you/they/ he/she/it

Perfect Continuous Tenses Active

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“+”

“-”

“?”

He/She/It had been building a new house.

She/It had not been building a new house.

been building a new house?

N + had + been + V ing

N + had +not + been + V ing

(Wh-?)+had +been+N +V-ing

• A progressive action was going on up to a definite time in the past. E.g. Nancy had been waiting for Tim for an hour, when he returned. • Time expression: – for a month, for some time, etc. E.g. We had been talking about a new house for many years, when finally we decided to build it. • A completed action in the past, but the result wasan objective evidence. E.g. Jimmy had a black eye and some scratches. He must had been fighting. 4.1.3. The Future Perfect Continuous Tense “+” I/We shall have been building a new house. You/They/He/She/It will have been building a new house.

N+shall/will+have + been + V ing

“-” I/We shall not have been building a new house. You/They/He/She/ It will not have been building a new house. N+shall/ will+not+have+been + V ing

“?” Shall I/we have been building a new house? Will you/they/he/ she/it have been building a new house?

(Wh-?) + shall/will + have + been +N +V ing

• A future action will be going on for some time. E.g. By the following summer, we’ll have been building a new house for a year. • Time expressions: for a month, for some time, etc. E.g. Mr. Gordon will have been working at this firm for ten years.

Future Continuous in the Past

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5.1. The Future in the Past Tenses Active 5.1.1. Future Simple in the Past “+”

“-”

“?”

He said that I//We/You/They/ He/She/It would live in a new house.

He said that I/We/You/They/He/ She/It would not live in a new house.

He said that Would I/we/you/they/ he/she/it live in a new house?

N + would + V

N + would + not + V

(Wh-?) + would + N +V

• A future simple action within a situation in the past. E.g. David said that they wouldn’t come.

5.1.2. Future Continuous in the Past “+”

“-”

“?”

He said that I/We/You/They/He/ She/It would be living in a new house.

He said that I/ We/You/They/He/ She/It would not be living in a new house.

He said that Would I/we/ you/they he/she/it be living in a new house?

N + would + be + V ing

N+would +not +be + Ving

(Wh-?)+would+ N +be +V ing

• A future progressive action within a situation in the past. E.g. They were sure that Liz would be playing tennis at 5 o’clock the next day.

The Future in the Past Tenses Active

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5.1.3. Future Perfect in the Past “+”

“-”

“?”

He said that I/We/You/They/He/ She/It would have lived in a new house.

He said that I/We/You/They/He/ She/It would not have lived in a new house.

He said that Would I/we/you/they/ he/she/it have lived in a new house?

N + would + have + V(III)

N + would + not + have + V (III)

(Wh-?) + would + N +be + V ing

• A completed action in the future within a past situation. E.g. I thought I would have cooked the dinner by 8 o’clock.

5.1.4. Future Perfect Continuous in the Past “+”

“-”

“?”

He said that I/We/You/They/He/ She/It would have been living in a new house.

He said that I/ We/You/They/He/ She/It would not have been living in a new house.

He said that Would I/we/you/they/ he/she/it have been living in a new house?

N + would + have + been + V ing

N + would + not + have + been + V ing

(Wh-?) + would + N +be + Ving

• An action in a subordinate clause will start and go on for some time up to a definite moment in the future. The verb in the principal clause is in the Past Simple. E.g. John reminded us that by the following summer, we’d have been building a new house for a year.

The Future Perfect in the Past (Passive)

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5.2. The Future in the Past Tenses Passive 5.2.1. The Future Simple in the Past (Passive) “+”

“-”

He said that

He said that I/You/We/They/He/she/it would be invited to a housewarming party.

I/You/We/They/He/she/it would not be invited to a housewarming party.

N + would + be + V(III)

N + would + not + be + V (III)

E.g. He said that we would be invited to a party. E.g. Jack persuaded us that the book wouldn’t be sold. 5.2.2. The Future Perfect in the Past (Passive) “+”

“-”

He said that I/You/We/They/He/She/ It would have been invited to a housewarming party.

He said that I/You/We/They/He/she/it would not have been invited to a housewarming party.

N + would + have + been + V(III)

N + would + not + have + been +V (III)

E.g. He said that Tom would have been invited to a housewarming party. E.g. Granny asked if the products would have been bought yet.

Active Voice

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Active Voice

Past

Present

Future

Future in the Past

Simple

did invited built

do/does invite/invites build/ builds

shall/will… invite shall/will… build

would… invite would… build

Continuous

was/ were… inviting was/ were… building

am/is/ are…inviting am/is/ are…building

shall/will… be inviting shall/will… be building

would…be inviting would…be building

Perfect

had… invited had… built

have/has… invited have/has… built

shall/will …have invited shall/will… have built

would… have invited would… have built

Perfect Continuous

had… been inviting had… been building

have/has… been inviting have/has… been building

shall/will… have been inviting shall/will… have been building

would… have been inviting would… have been building

Passive Voice

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Passive Voice

Passive Voice

Past Simple

Continuous

Perfect

Perfect Continuous

Present

Future

Future in the Past

shall/will… be invited shall/will… be built

would…be invited would…be built

нет

нет

was/were… invited was/were… built

am/is/ are…invited am/is/ are…built

was/were… being invited was/were… being built

am/is/ are… being invited am/is/ are…being built

had…been invited had…been built

have/ has…been invited have/has… been built

shall/will …have been invited shall/will… have been built

would… have been invited would… have been built

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