Endoscopic Management of Colorectal T1(SM) Carcinoma [1st ed. 2020] 978-981-13-6648-2, 978-981-13-6649-9

Table of contents :
Front Matter ....Pages i-viii
Front Matter ....Pages 1-1
Conventional Colonoscopy Including Indigo Carmine Dye Spray (Yusuke Saitoh, Mikihiro Fujiya)....Pages 3-9
Magnifying Endoscopy: Pit Pattern Diagnosis (Hiro-o Yamano)....Pages 11-16
Magnifying Endoscopy: Image-Enhanced Endoscopy Focused on JNET Classification—Narrow-Band Imaging (NBI) (Yasushi Sano, Akira Teramoto, Mineo Iwatate)....Pages 17-23
Magnifying Endoscopy: Image-Enhanced Endoscopy Focused on JNET Classification—Blue Laser Imaging (BLI) (Naohisa Yoshida, Ken Inoue, Ryohei Hirose)....Pages 25-33
Endoscopic Ultrasound Sonography Including High-Frequency Ultrasound Probes (Yusuke Saitoh, Mikihiro Fujiya)....Pages 35-43
Endocytoscopy (Yuichi Mori, Shin-ei Kudo)....Pages 45-51
Front Matter ....Pages 53-53
Indication for Colorectal EMR/ESD from Japanese Guidelines (JGES, JSGE, JSCCR) (Kyoku Sumimoto, Shinji Tanaka)....Pages 55-60
Front Matter ....Pages 61-61
Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR) (Hiroshi Kashida)....Pages 63-71
Precutting EMR (Shiro Oka, Shinji Tanaka)....Pages 73-76
Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for T1 Colorectal Cancer (Yutaka Saito, Hiroyuki Takamaru, Akiko Ono)....Pages 77-86
Hybrid ESD (Shiro Oka, Shinji Tanaka)....Pages 87-91
Front Matter ....Pages 93-93
Pathological Diagnosis of Submucosal Invasive Colorectal Carcinoma (pT1 Colorectal Cancer): Overview of Histopathological and Molecular Markers to Predict Lymph Node Metastasis of Submucosal Invasive Colorectal Cancer (Tamotsu Sugai)....Pages 95-106
Front Matter ....Pages 107-107
Treatment Strategy After Endoscopic Resection for Colorectal T1(SM) Cancer: Present Status and Future Perspective (Shinji Tanaka, Shiro Oka, Kazuaki Chayama)....Pages 109-117
Correction to: Endoscopic Management of Colorectal T1(SM) Carcinoma (Shinji Tanaka, Yusuke Saitoh)....Pages C1-C1

Citation preview

Endoscopic Management of Colorectal T1(SM) Carcinoma Shinji Tanaka Yusuke Saitoh  Editors

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Endoscopic Management of Colorectal T1(SM) Carcinoma

Shinji Tanaka  •  Yusuke Saitoh Editors

Endoscopic Management of Colorectal T1(SM) Carcinoma

Editors Shinji Tanaka Endoscopy and Medicine Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan

Yusuke Saitoh Asahikawa City Hospital Digestive Disease Center Asahikawa Hokkaido Japan

ISBN 978-981-13-6648-2    ISBN 978-981-13-6649-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6649-9 © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore

Preface

At present, many T1 (SM) colorectal carcinomas have been diagnosed and treated by endoscopy or surgery. Also, it has been clarified that even for T1b (SM deep invasive) cancer, if there are no other lymph node metastatic risk factors such as unfavorable histologic components, vessel involvement, and a high budding grade, the estimated lymph node metastatic risk is 1.2–1.4%. On the other hand, recent progress in endoscopy such as endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has made it possible to resect Tis/T1 colorectal cancer endoscopically en bloc regardless of its size. Endoscopic treatment is gradually becoming more commonly used to achieve excisional biopsy even for cT1b colorectal carcinoma like this. Nevertheless, in order to generalize this practice, we must solve several issues. First, precise invasion depth diagnosis prior to endoscopic resection of the lesion in order to achieve complete en bloc resection is important. En bloc resection is essential to determine the precise histologic diagnosis for deciding curability. Second, generalization of the endoscopic resection technique (polypectomy, endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), ESD) for en bloc resection is important. Third, adequate handling of the endoscopically resected specimen and precise histologic diagnosis are essential to determine curability. For endoscopic treatment of T1 (SM) colorectal carcinoma, generalization and quality control of these three points are not only important but essential. Accordingly, the publication of this educational text has been planned to address the above-mentioned issues. We hope that this book will assist in daily clinical practice for treatment of T1 (SM) colorectal carcinoma. Hiroshima, Japan Asahikawa, Hokkaido July 2019

Shinji Tanaka Yusuke Saitoh

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Contents

Part I The Endoscopic Diagnosis of Colorectal T1(SM) Carcinoma 1 Conventional Colonoscopy Including Indigo Carmine Dye Spray������    3 Yusuke Saitoh and Mikihiro Fujiya 2 Magnifying Endoscopy: Pit Pattern Diagnosis��������������������������������������   11 Hiro-o Yamano 3 Magnifying Endoscopy: Image-Enhanced Endoscopy Focused on JNET Classification—Narrow-Band Imaging (NBI)����������������������   17 Yasushi Sano, Akira Teramoto, and Mineo Iwatate 4 Magnifying Endoscopy: Image-Enhanced Endoscopy Focused on JNET Classification—Blue Laser Imaging (BLI)������������   25 Naohisa Yoshida, Ken Inoue, Osamu Dohi, Ritsu Yasuda, Takaaki Murakami, Ryohei Hirose, Yuji Naito, Yutaka Inada, Kiyoshi Ogiso, Rafiz Abdul Rani, and Yoshito Itoh 5 Endoscopic Ultrasound Sonography Including High-Frequency Ultrasound Probes������������������������������������������������������   35 Yusuke Saitoh and Mikihiro Fujiya 6 Endocytoscopy������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������   45 Yuichi Mori and Shin-ei Kudo Part II Indication for Colorectal EMR/ESD 7 Indication for Colorectal EMR/ESD from Japanese Guidelines (JGES, JSGE, JSCCR)����������������������������������������������������������������������������   55 Kyoku Sumimoto and Shinji Tanaka

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viii

Contents

Part III Endoscopic Resection for Colorectal T1(SM) Carcinoma 8 Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR)��������������������������������������������������   63 Hiroshi Kashida 9 Precutting EMR ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������   73 Shiro Oka and Shinji Tanaka 10 Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for T1 Colorectal Cancer������������   77 Yutaka Saito, Hiroyuki Takamaru, Akiko Ono, Taku Sakamoto, Masayoshi Yamada, Masau Sekiguchi, Seiichiro Abe, Shigeki Sekine, and Takahisa Matsuda 11 Hybrid ESD����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������   87 Shiro Oka and Shinji Tanaka Part IV Pathologic Diagnosis of Colorectal T1(SM) Carcinoma 12 Pathological Diagnosis of Submucosal Invasive Colorectal Carcinoma (pT1 Colorectal Cancer): Overview of Histopathological and Molecular Markers to Predict Lymph Node Metastasis of Submucosal Invasive Colorectal Cancer��������������   95 Tamotsu Sugai Part V Treatment Strategy After Endoscopic Resection for Colorectal T1(SM) Carcinoma 13 Treatment Strategy After Endoscopic Resection for Colorectal T1(SM) Cancer: Present Status and Future Perspective������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������  109 Shinji Tanaka, Shiro Oka, and Kazuaki Chayama

Part I

The Endoscopic Diagnosis of Colorectal T1(SM) Carcinoma

Chapter 1

Conventional Colonoscopy Including Indigo Carmine Dye Spray Yusuke Saitoh and Mikihiro Fujiya

Abstract  With recent advances in endoscopic diagnostic and therapeutic technology, the preoperative endoscopic diagnosis of T1 (submucosal) carcinomas will become more important for determining whether detected T1 carcinoma can be cured by endoscopy alone (lesions with