Encyclopedia of Interpersonal Violence [1° ed.] 1412918006, 9781412918008
"From assisted suicide and batter women to human trafficking and sex offenders, this guide provides an excellent ov
895 46 5MB
English Pages 925 [958] Year 2008
![Encyclopedia of Interpersonal Violence [1° ed.]
1412918006, 9781412918008](https://dokumen.pub/img/200x200/encyclopedia-of-interpersonal-violence-1nbsped-1412918006-9781412918008.jpg)
Table of contents :
Cover Page
Editorial Board
Title Page
ISBN 1412918006
Contents
List of Entries
Reader’s Guide
Children and Youth
Civil and Criminal Legal Systems
Interpersonal Violence—General
Intervention and Prevention Programs
Legislation
Organizations and Agencies
Racial/Ethnic and Cross-Cultural Issues
Research Methods and Data Collection Instruments
Sexual Violence and Abuse
Syndromes, Disorders, and Other Mental Health Issues
Theories and Theoretical Perspectives
Violence Between Intimates/ Family Violence
About the General Editors
Contributors
Introduction
A
ABANDONMENT
ABOLITIONIST APPROACH TO PROSTITUTION
Policies and Programs Supported by Abolitionists
Reducing Violence Against Women
Present-Day Advocates
ABORTION, SEX-SELECTIVE See GENDERCIDE ABUSE-FOCUSED THERAPY
Philosophical Influences
Abuse-Focused Therapeutic Interventions
ABUSIVE BEHAVIOR INVENTORY
ACADEMY ON VIOLENCE AND ABUSE
ACID ATTACKS
ACROTOMOPHILIA
Prevalence
Development of Acrotomophilia
Practice of Acrotomophilia
Body Integrity Identity Disorder
ADOPTION AND SAFE FAMILIES ACT OF 1997
ADOPTION ASSISTANCE AND CHILD WELFARE ACT OF 1980
ADULT PROTECTIVE SERVICES
ADULT SURVIVORS OF CHILDHOOD ABUSE
Types of Effects of Childhood Abuse
The Brain’s Response to Abuse and Terror
Treatment
ADVOCACY
Goals of Advocacy
Forms of Advocacy
Core Values of Advocacy
Culturally Competent Advocacy
AGENCY/AUTONOMY OF BATTERED WOMEN
Research
Assessment and Decision Making
Implications for Advocacy and Practice
AIDS/HIV
Transmission of AIDS/HIV
Sociological Impact
Government Response to the Problem
ALCOHOL AND VIOLENCE
The Psychoactive Effects of Alcohol
The Role of Alcohol in Violent Behavior
Alcohol and the Continuum of Violence
Sexual Aggression
Intimate Partner Violence
Experimental Studies of the Alcohol–Violence Link
ALCOHOLICS ANONYMOUS
ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE/DEMENTIA
The Impact of Dementia and Alzheimer’s on Cases of Abuse
AMEND
Philosophy Underlying Treatment
Victim Advocacy Services
AMERICAN HUMANE ASSOCIATION
Historical Background
AMERICAN PROFESSIONAL SOCIETY ON THE ABUSE OF CHILDREN
ANGER MANAGEMENT
ANIMAL ABUSE AND CHILD MALTREATMENT OCCURRENCE
History of Collaboration
Scholarly Study and Research Evidence
Clinical and Theoretical Considerations
ANIMAL/PET ABUSE
ANTI-ABORTION VIOLENCE
ANTI-RAPE AND RAPE CRISIS CENTER MOVEMENTS
ARMED FORCES, SEXUAL HARASSMENT IN
History
Rates of Sexual Harassment
Training
The Complaint Process
Risk Factors and Correlates
ASIAN & PACIFIC ISLANDER INSTITUTE ON DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
ASIAN/PACIFIC ISLANDER YOUTH VIOLENCE PREVENTION CENTER
ASSAULT
Simple and Aggravated Assault
Consequences
ASSAULT, AGGRAVATED
ASSAULT, SIMPLE
ASSISTED SUICIDE
ASSOCIATION FOR THE TREATMENT OF SEXUAL ABUSERS
ATHLETES/ATHLETICS
Violence Defined
Off-Field and On-Field Violence
Types of Sports and Violence
Race, Gender, and Socioeconomic Factors
Fan Violence in Sport
ATHLETES/ATHLETICS AND SEXUAL VIOLENCE
ATHLETES/ATHLETICS AND VIOLENCE IN SPORT
Violence During Sporting Events
Athletes’ Violence off the Playing Field
Athletes and Violence Against Women
Theories of Violence and Sport
ATTACHMENT DISORDER
Attachment Theory: Conceptual and Empirical Origins
Reactive Attachment Disorder: Diagnostic Criteria
Attachment Therapy and Other Controversial Approaches
Best Practices for Assessment and Treatment
B
BATTERED CHILD SYNDROME
BATTERED WOMAN SYNDROME
BATTERED WOMEN
Definitions
Historical Perspectives
Incidence of Battering
Causes of Battering
Effects of Battering
The Children of Battered Women
Response and Prevention
BATTERED WOMEN, ECONOMIC INDEPENDENCE OF
Economic Abuse as a Dynamic of Battering
Poverty, Homelessness, and Welfare
Employment
BATTERED WOMEN: LEAVING VIOLENT INTIMATE RELATIONSHIPS
BATTERED WOMEN, PREVALENCE
Definitions
Prevalence Studies of IPV
Rates of Abuse
BATTERED WOMEN, SHELTERS FOR See SHELTERS, BATTERED WOMEN’S BATTERED WOMEN AND POLICE RESPONSE See POLICE, RESPONSE
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE BATTERED WOMEN’S JUSTICE PROJECT
BATTERED WOMEN’S MOVEMENT
BATTERERS
How Widespread Is Battering?
Do Batterers Differ From Nonbatterers?
Do Batterers Differ From One Another?
BATTERERS, FACTORS SUPPORTING MALE AGGRESSION
Individual-Level Factors
Family-of-Origin Factors
Relationship Factors
Peer Factors
Community and Societal Factors
BATTERERS, PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF
Personality Clusters and Groups
Prevalence
Risk Assessment and Intervention
Controversy
BATTERERS, TREATMENT APPROACHES AND EFFECTIVENESS
Process, Instrumental, and Outcome Goals
Complicating Factors
Effectiveness Studies
Current Issues
BESTIALITY
BETRAYAL TRAUMA
Child Abuse and Betrayal Trauma
Other Features of Betrayal Trauma
Broader Implications
BIOCHEMICAL FACTORS IN PREDICTING VIOLENCE
Neurotransmitters
Hormones
BODY INTEGRITY IDENTITY DISORDER See ACROTOMOPHILIA BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER
Trauma
Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
BRIEF CHILD ABUSE POTENTIAL INVENTORY
BULLYING
Demographic Patterns
Psychological Characteristics of the Victim
Psychological Characteristics of the Bullies
Peer Responses to Bullying
C
CAMPUS VIOLENCE
The Campus Environment and Interpersonal Violence
Federal Law
University Policy, Protocol, and Programming
CANADIAN NATIONAL SURVEY
Background
Estimates
Advantages and Disadvantages
CAPITAL PUNISHMENT
Public Opinion Trends
Special Offender Populations and Capital Punishment
Recent Trends in the Death Penalty
The Future of Capital Punishment
CAREGIVERS AND VIOLENCE
Risk Factors for People Who Utilize Caregiver Services
Caregiver Perpetrators
Caregivers Experiencing Violence
CASTRATION
CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION
CHILD ABDUCTIONS, FAMILY
CHILD ABDUCTIONS, NONFAMILY
CHILD ABUSE AND DISABILITIES
CHILD ABUSE IN IMMIGRANT FAMILIES
CHILD ABUSE PREVENTION
Evolution of Prevention Services
Evidence of Success
Research Implications
CHILD ABUSE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT ACT
CHILD AGGRESSION AS PREDICTOR OF YOUTH AND ADULT VIOLENCE
The Development of Serious Offending Behaviors in Children
Childhood and Adolescent Psychiatric Disorders Associated With Violence
CHILD DEATH REVIEW TEAMS
Background
Major Components of Child Death Reviews
Future Considerations
CHILD EXPOSURE TO DOMESTIC VIOLENCE SCALE
CHILD EXPOSURE TO INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE
Defining Intimate Partner Violence Exposure
Research on Intimate Partner Violence Exposure
Protective Factors in Children’s Lives
Risk Factors in Children’s Lives
Conclusion
CHILD EXPOSURE TO VIOLENCE, IN MEDIA
Child Exposure to Media
Violent Content in Media
The Risks of Exposure to Violent Content
CHILD EXPOSURE TO VIOLENCE, IN WAR ZONES
How Many Children Are Affected
How Children Are Exposed to War
CHILD EXPOSURE TO VIOLENCE, ROLE OF SCHOOLS
CHILD FATALITIES
Prevalence of Child Fatalities Due to Child Abuse and Neglect
Misclassified Homicide
Child Death Review Teams
CHILD FATALITY REVIEW See CHILD DEATH REVIEW TEAMS CHILD NEGLECT
Definition
Incidence and Prevalence
Precursors and Aftereffects of Child Neglect
Prevention and Treatment
CHILD PHYSICAL ABUSE
Subtypes
Treatment for Physical Abuse
CHILD PROSTITUTION See COMMERCIAL SEXUAL EXPLOITATION
CHILDREN CHILD PROTECTIVE SERVICES
The Role of Child Protective Services
Challenges to the Child Protective Services System
CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WHO KILL
Rates of Juvenile Homicide in the United States
Current Public Perceptions of Juvenile Homicide Offenders
Dynamics Surrounding Child and Adolescent Killings
CHILDREN MISSING INVOLUNTARILY OR FOR BENIGN REASONS
CHILDREN’S ADVOCACY CENTER
CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE
Perpetrators
Types of Abuse
Prevalence and Incidence
Effects
Resilience of Children
Blaming the Victims
Holding Perpetrators Solely Responsible
Resources for Children
CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE ACCOMMODATION SYNDROME
CHISWICK WOMEN’S AID
CIVIL RESTRAINING ORDERS See RESTRAINING
PROTECTIVE ORDERS CIVIL RIGHTS/DISCRIMINATION
Civil Rights Remedy in the Violence Against Women Act and United States v. Morrison
Challenges to Inadequate Police Response to Domestic Violence
Civil Rights Statutes Protecting Victims’ Rights in Employment and Housing
Intersectionality of Violence Against Women and Other Civil Rights Issues
CLERGY SEXUAL ABUSE
CLOTHESLINE PROJECT
COERCED SEXUAL INITIATION
COERCIVE CONTROL
COLLABORATIVE DIVORCE, BENEFITS TO CHILDREN
What Is Collaborative Divorce?
Benefits of Collaborative Divorce
Cautions About Collaborative Divorce
COLLECTIVE EFFICACY
COMMERCIAL SEXUAL EXPLOITATION OF CHILDREN
Children in Prostitution
Sex Tourism
Trafficking of Children
Child Pornography
COMMON COUPLE VIOLENCE See SITUATIONAL COUPLE VIOLENCE COMMUNITY JUSTICE
COMMUNITY POLICING
Comparison of Traditional and Community Policing Strategies
Community Policing Strategies for Intimate Partner Violence
COMMUNITY VIOLENCE
COMMUNITY VIOLENCE, EFFECTS ON CHILDREN AND YOUTH
Prevalence
Effects
Moderators
COMMUNITY VIOLENCE, RELATIONSHIP TO PARTNER VIOLENCE
COMPASSION FATIGUE See VICARIOUS TRAUMATIZATION COMPLEX TRAUMA IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
Exposure to Trauma
Definitions
Treatment
CONFLICT TACTICS SCALES
CONTRACT KILLINGS
COORDINATED COMMUNITY RESPONSE
CORPORATE VIOLENCE
Victims of Corporate Violence
Differences Between Corporate Violence and Interpersonal Violence
COUPLE COUNSELING
Why Couple Counseling?
Couple Counseling for Couples Experiencing IPV
Arguments Against Couple Counseling
Common Beliefs About Couple Counseling
COURT-APPOINTED SPECIAL ADVOCATES
CRIME VICTIMS COMPENSATION PROGRAM
CRISIS HOTLINES
CULTURAL COMPETENCE
Individual Cultural Competence
Culturally Competent Policies
Culturally Competent Agencies
Culturally Competent Research
CULTURAL DEFENSE
CULTURALLY SENSITIVE INTERVENTION
Batterer Intervention Programming Effectiveness
State Program Standards
CULTURAL RETALIATORY HOMICIDE
CUSTODY, CONTACT, AND VISITATION: RELATIONSHIP TO DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
Custody and Visitation Standards
Domestic Violence Ramifications
New Proposed Child Custody Standard
CYBERSTALKING
Reasons for Cyberstalking
Extent of Cyberstalking
Legal Issues
Survival in Cyberspace
CYCLE OF VIOLENCE
Tension-Building Phase
Acute Battering Incident
Kindness and Contrite Loving Behavior
Critiques
D
DANGER ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENT
Original Development
Revision
Validation of Revised 20-Item DA
Future Directions
DATE AND ACQUAINTANCE RAPE
DATING VIOLENCE/ COURTSHIP VIOLENCE
Occurrence
Teen Dating Violence and Adult Intimate Partner Violence
Barriers
DEATH PENALTY See CAPITAL PUNISHMENT DECRIMINALIZATION OF SEX WORK
Policies and Programs Supported by Sex Worker Rights Advocates
Reducing Violence Against Women by Decriminalizing Prostitution
Advocates for the Cause
DELINQUENCY AND DATING VIOLENCE
Prevalence of Dating Violence
Risk Factors
Prevention and Intervention
DELINQUENCY AND VIOLENCE
The Extent of Violent Delinquency in the United States
Explanations for Violent Delinquency
Public Policy Responses
DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, ASYLUM
Affirmative Process
Defensive Process
DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, RESPONSE TO BATTERED IMMIGRANTS AND IMMIGRANT VICTIMS OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN
Self-Petitions Under the Violence Against Women Act
Crime Victims’ Visas
DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY AND IMMIGRATION SERVICES
DEPRESSION
Immune Dysfunction in Depression
How Depression Influences Health
DEVELOPMENTALLY DISABLED SEX OFFENDERS
DIMINISHED CAPACITY DEFENSES See INSANITY DEFENSE DISABILITY AND PORNOGRAPHY
Disability, Sexual Abuse, and Pornography
DISSOCIATION
Dissociative Identity Disorder
DIVORCE AND INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE
Barriers to Leaving a Violent Relationship
Postseparation Psychological Well-Being
Cultural Influences
DIVORCE IN RELATION TO CHILD ABUSE
The Myth
Current Research
The Children as Victims
DIVORCE IN RELATION TO YOUTH VIOLENCE
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE, TRAUMA, AND MENTAL HEALTH
Domestic Violence, Lifetime Victimization, and Mental Illness
Implications of Trauma Theory for Working With Survivors of Domestic Violence
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AGAINST OLDER WOMEN
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AMONG IMMIGRANT WOMEN
Immigration-Related Abuse/Fear of Deportation
Economic Abuse
Concerns Over Loss of Custody of Children
Language Barriers
Cultural Barriers
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE COURTS
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ENHANCED RESPONSE TEAM
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE FATALITY REVIEW
History
Structure, Mandate, and Process
Current and Future Directions
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN ASIAN AND PACIFIC ISLANDER POPULATIONS
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN MILITARY FAMILIES
Policy and Program Development
Risk Factors
Prevalence
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE MOVEMENT See BATTERED WOMEN’S MOVEMENT DOMESTIC VIOLENCE RESOURCE NETWORK
DOWRY DEATHS, BRIDE BURNING
Background: The Sati Practice
Dowry-Related Burning
Explanation
Prevention
DUAL ARREST
DULUTH MODEL
E
EARLY INTERVENTION PROGRAMS
Head Start
Efficacy of Early Intervention Programs
EARLY WARNING SIGNS OF INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE
ECOLOGICAL MODELS OF VIOLENCE
Defining an Ecological Schema
Adding the Temporal Dimension to the Ecology
The Ecological Model of Violence
Example of Ecological Effects on Children Exposed to Family Violence
Utility of the Ecological Model
Testing Ecological Models in Research
ELDER ABUSE
History of Problem Recognition
Nature and Scope of the Problem
Problem Response
EMERGE
END VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN INTERNATIONAL
EPIDEMIOLOGY, DEFINED
EPIDEMIOLOGY, INTERNATIONAL PATTERNS
Official Police Data
Victimization Survey Data
Interpersonal Violence Data
EPIDEMIOLOGY, PERPETRATION PATTERNS BY AGE, GENDER, ETHNICITY, SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS
Murder and Non-Negligent Manslaughter
Forcible Rape
Robbery
Aggravated Assault
Child Maltreatment
Elder Abuse
EPIDEMIOLOGY, VICTIMIZATION PATTERNS BY AGE, GENDER, ETHNICITY, SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS
Homicide
Rape/Sexual Assault
Robbery
Assault/Intimate Partner Violence
Child Maltreatment
ETHICAL AND LEGAL ISSUES, INTERVIEWING CHILDREN REPORTED AS ABUSED OR NEGLECTED
Ethical Dilemma
Professional Ethics
Forensic Interviews
Child Advocacy Centers
ETHICAL AND LEGAL ISSUES, TREATING ELDER ABUSE
Duty to Report Versus Victim Autonomy and Safety
Victim’s Right to Self-Determination Versus Protection and Safety
Least Restrictive Alternative Versus Protection and Safety
ETHNIC CLEANSING See CULTURAL RETALIATORY HOMICIDE; GENOCIDE EXPERT TESTIMONY
EXPRESSIVE VIOLENCE
F
FAILURE TO PROTECT
FAILURE TO THRIVE
Diagnosis
Contributors
Evaluation
Addressing Failure to Thrive
FAITH-BASED PROGRAMS
FALSE MEMORY
FAMILICIDE
FAMILY GROUP CONFERENCING
FAMILY HOMICIDES
FAMILY JUSTICE CENTERS
FAMILY PRESERVATION AND REUNIFICATION PROGRAMS
History of Family Preservation
Social Services Provided
Debate About Family Preservation Programs
FAMILY THERAPY AND FAMILY VIOLENCE
First Moment
Second Moment
Third Moment
FAMILY VIOLENCE, CO-OCCURRENCE OF FORMS
Common Risk and Protective Factors
Common Intervention Issues
FAMILY VIOLENCE OPTION
FAMILY VIOLENCE PREVENTION AND SERVICES ACT
Prevention, Public Awareness, and Cooperation
Emergency Services
Funding
FAMILY VIOLENCE PREVENTION FUND
Programs
FATHER INVOLVEMENT
Definition
History
Political Context
Benefits
Predictors
FATHERS AS PERPETRATORS OF CHILD MALTREATMENT
Characteristics of Father Perpetrators
Prevention and Treatment Initiatives
FATHERS’ RIGHTS MOVEMENT
FEAR OF CRIME
Causes
Consequences
FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION
FEMALE PERPETRATORS OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE
FEMALE PERPETRATORS OF INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE
FEMALE PERPETRATORS OF VIOLENCE, TEEN GIRLS
Recent Trends
Sex Differences in Aggressive Behavior
A Gender-Sensitive Perspective on Risk and Resilience
Developmental Consequences
Cultural and Social Marginalization
Future Research
FEMALE PERPETRATORS OF VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN
Violence Against Children
Causes of Female-Perpetrated Violence Against Children
Social Issues With Women as Violent Perpetrators
FEMALE SLAVERY/CHILD SLAVERY
Child Slavery
Debt Bondage
Trafficking and Sexual Slavery
Child Soldiers
FEMICIDE
Intimate Partner Femicide
Femicide-Suicide
Same-Sex Intimate Partner Homicide
Maternal Mortality and Intimate Partner Femicide
Prevention Strategies
FEMINIST MOVEMENTS TO END VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN
Social and Political Movements
Forms of Violence
Organizations, Initiatives, and Projects
Mass Media
International Initiatives
FEMINIST THEORIES OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE
Early Feminist Theories of Interpersonal Violence
More Recent Feminist Theorizing on Interpersonal Violence
FETICIDE
FILICIDE
FINANCIAL ABUSE, ELDERLY AND BATTERED WOMEN
FINANCIAL LITERACY VERSUS FINANCIAL ABUSE
FIREARMS See GUN VIOLENCE FOOT BINDING
FORCED MARRIAGES
FORCED MILITARY CONSCRIPTION
FORENSIC NURSING
Forensic Nursing Practice
The Forensic Nursing Workplace
FOSTER CARE
Foster Care Settings and Foster Parents
Children in Foster Care
FRATERNITIES AND VIOLENCE
Sexual Aggression
Physical Hazing
FRATRICIDE See FAMILY HOMICIDES FULL FAITH AND CREDIT MANDATE
Need for FF&C
History
Model for Custody Cases
Violence Against Women Act
Limitations
Complications
G
GANG RAPE
Prevalence, Reporting, and Risk Factors
Comparisons of Gang and Individual Rapes
Postassault Functioning
Social Networks
Implications
GANG VIOLENCE
GENDERCIDE
GENOCIDE
GEOGRAPHIC PATTERNS
Understanding Spatial Variations
Explanation of Spatial Variations
Crime Prevention and Control
GREENBOOK, THE
GUN CONTROL
History, Culture, and Gun Control
Gun Control and Politics and Legislation
Criminal Justice Interventions and Policy Perspectives
GUN CONTROL, LEGISLATION
GUN VIOLENCE
Gun Violence Statistics
Individuals and Gun Violence
Society and Gun Violence
Federal Government/State Intervention in Gun Violence
H
HAGUE CONVENTION ON THE CIVIL ASPECTS OF INTERNATIONAL CHILD ABDUCTION
HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH COLLEGE ALCOHOL STUDY
HATE CRIMES (BIAS CRIMES), ANTI-GAY
Types of Anti-Gay Hate Crimes Data Collection
Anti-Gay Activism
Legal Response to Hate Crimes
HATE CRIMES (BIAS CRIMES), CRIMINAL JUSTICE RESPONSES
HATE CRIMES (BIAS CRIMES), GENDER MOTIVATED
Policy History
Gender as a Controversial Category
HATE CRIMES (BIAS CRIMES), LEGISLATION See LEGISLATION, HATE CRIMES HATE CRIMES (BIAS CRIMES), RACIALLY MOTIVATED
Anti-White Violence
Anti-Black Violence
Anti–Native American Violence
Anti-Hispanic Violence
Anti-Asian Violence
Anti-Immigrant Violence
HATE CRIMES (BIAS CRIMES), RELIGIOUSLY MOTIVATED
Federal and State Legislation
Examples of Incidents of Religiously Motivated Hate Crimes
Community Education
HAZING
HEALTH CARE RESPONSE, PREVENTION STRATEGIES FOR REDUCING INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE
Prevention Strategies for the Prenatal and Birth Period
Strategies for Infants and Children
Strategies for Adolescents
Strategies for Adults
Strategies for Seniors
Community-Focused Efforts
HEALTH CARE RESPONSE TO CHILD MALTREATMENT
HEALTH CARE RESPONSE TO INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE
Health Impact
Health Care Response
Current Research
Specialized Training for Health Care Providers
Future Opportunities
HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF CHILD MALTREATMENT
Why Maltreatment as Children Makes Adults Sick
HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF HATE CRIME
HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF INCARCERATION
HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE
Long-Term Health Consequences of Physical Violence
Health Consequences of Sexual Violence
Health Consequences of Psychological Violence
Health Care and Intimate Partner Violence
Public Health Response to Intimate Partner Violence
HELP-SEEKING BEHAVIORS OF ABUSED WOMEN
HIGH-TECH VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN
Technologies Used
Strategies for Change
The Future
HOMELESSNESS AND VIOLENCE
HOME VISITATION SERVICES
Emergence
Evidence
HOMICIDES, CRIMINAL
Data
Arrest Clearances
HOMOPHOBIA
Internalized Homophobia
Heterosexism
Legal Protection and Hate Crimes
Coming Out
Advances in Gay and Lesbian Rights
HOMOPHOBIA AND MEDIA REPRESENTATIONS OF GAY, LESBIAN, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENDER PEOPLE
HONOR KILLING/CRIME
HUMAN RIGHTS
History of Human Rights
Human Rights Protections Against Interpersonal Violence
Conclusion
HYMEN REPLACEMENT SURGERY
HYPERMASCULINITY
Hypermasculinity and Violence
Consequences
I
IMMIGRANT AND MIGRANT WOMEN
IMMIGRANT AND MIGRANT WOMEN AND LAW ENFORCEMENT RESPONSE
IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION SERVICE See DEPARTMENT
HOMELAND SECURITY
IMMIGRATION SERVICES INCEST
Long-Term Effects
INCIDENCE
INFANTICIDE
Infanticide in History
Contemporary Infanticides
Types of and Motivations Behind Infanticides
Infanticide Typologies
Prevention of Infanticide
INSANITY DEFENSE
INSTITUTE ON DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN THE AFRICAN AMERICAN COMMUNITY
INSTRUMENTAL VIOLENCE
INTENSIVE FAMILY PRESERVATION SERVICES
INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION OF VIOLENCE
Transmission of Partner Violence
Transmission of Child Physical Abuse
Transmission of Child Sexual Abuse
Multiple Forms of Family Violence
Transmission Over Time
INTERMITTENT EXPLOSIVE DISORDER
INTERNATIONAL SEX INDUSTRY
INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR THE PREVENTION OF CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT
INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR TRAUMATIC STRESS STUDIES
INTERNET, CRIMES AGAINST CHILDREN
INTERNET, PORNOGRAPHY
INTERNET, VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN See HIGH-TECH VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN INTERNET-BASED INTERVENTIONS
Advantages and Concerns
Research
INTERSECTIONALITY
The Race-ing of Violence Against Women
The Gender-ing of Ethnic Analyses of Violence
INTIMATE PARTNER RELATIONSHIP QUALITY AND DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
Complex Relationship
Early Intervention
INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE
Definitions
Prevalence
Risk Factors
Consequences
Intervention
INTIMATE TERRORISM
INVESTIGATIVE INTERVIEWING OF CHILDREN
Historical Context of Investigative Interviewing
Rationale for Special Investigative Interview Techniques
Specific Strategies Employed in Investigative Interviewing
The Role of Mandated Professionals
Protocols and Nondisclosure
INVESTIGATIVE INTERVIEWING OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE VICTIMS
Historical Context
Interview Context
Investigative Interviewing Protocols
INVESTIGATIVE INTERVIEWING OF OFFENDERS
K
KIDNAPPING See CHILD ABDUCTIONS, NONFAMILY KINSHIP CARE
Historical Perspective
Current Practices in Government
Current Child Welfare Practice
L
LEARNED HELPLESSNESS
LEARNED OPTIMISM
LEGAL ISSUES IN THE TREATMENT OF SEXUAL AND DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
Privacy
Record Keeping
LEGAL MOMENTUM
LEGAL SYSTEM, ADVOCACY EFFORTS TO AFFECT, CHILD MALTREATMENT
Individual Case Advocacy
Class Action Advocacy
Advocacy Efforts Within Organizations and Agencies
LEGAL SYSTEM, ADVOCACY EFFORTS TO AFFECT, ELDER ABUSE
Individual Advocacy
Systems Advocacy
Preparation
LEGAL SYSTEM, ADVOCACY EFFORTS TO AFFECT, INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE
Historical Perspective
The Criminal Justice System
The Civil Justice System
Federal Funding
LEGAL SYSTEM, ADVOCACY EFFORTS TO AFFECT, VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN
Legal Issues That Arise When Aiding Victimized Children
Law-Related Child Victim Interviewing Issues
LEGAL SYSTEM, CIVIL AND CRIMINAL COURT REMEDIES FOR SEXUAL ASSAULT/RAPE
Criminal Court Remedies
Civil Court Remedies
Civil Protection Orders
Mutual Filing of Criminal and Civil Suits
Difficulties in Prosecution
LEGAL SYSTEM, CIVIL COURT REMEDIES FOR INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE
Shortcomings of the Criminal Justice System
Agency and the Material Needs of Survivors
Types of Civil Legal Remedies
LEGAL SYSTEM, CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION OF VICTIMIZATION OF CHILDREN
Types of Victimization
Legal System
Prosecution of Sexual Assaults Against Children
Innovations in the Legal System
Disposition Rates
Policy Issues
Future Directions
LEGAL SYSTEM, CRIMINAL JUSTICE STRATEGIES TO REDUCE INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE
Community Violence
Family Violence
LEGAL SYSTEM, CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM RESPONSES TO INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE
LEGAL SYSTEM AND CHILD PROTECTION
The Criminal Law
Civil Child Protection Laws
Other Court Proceedings Related to Child Protection
Stages of the Legal Process in Civil Child Protection Cases
LEGISLATION, CHILD MALTREATMENT
Common Topics of Child Maltreatment Legislation
Child Welfare Legislative Reforms
LEGISLATION, ELDER ABUSE
History
The Elder Justice Act
LEGISLATION, HATE CRIMES
Definitions
Pros and Cons of Hate Crime Legislation
Hate Crime Statistics
Existing Legislation
Proposed Legislation
LEGISLATION, INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE
State and Local Legislation
Federal Legislation
LEGISLATION, RAPE/SEXUAL ASSAULT
An Evolution in Defining Rape and Sexual Assault
Corroboration Requirement
Resistance Requirement
Consent
Rape Shield Laws
MAIL ORDER BRIDES
M
MALE PEER SUPPORT, THEORY OF
MANDATORY ARREST/ PRO-ARREST STATUTES
The Growing Role of Arrest
Impact
Advantages for Victims
Disadvantages for Victims
MANDATORY REPORTING LAWS OF CHILD MALTREATMENT
History of Child Maltreatment Mandatory Reporting Laws
Characteristics of Mandated Reports
Impact of Mandatory Reporting Laws
MANDATORY REPORTING LAWS OF ELDER ABUSE
MANDATORY REPORTING LAWS OF INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE
MARITAL RAPE/WIFE RAPE
MARITAL RAPE/WIFE RAPE, MARITAL EXEMPTIONS IN RAPE STATUTES
MARRIAGE EDUCATION AND VIOLENCE
Historical Roots
Program Evaluation
Marriage Education and Welfare Reform
MASCULINITIES AND VIOLENCE
MASS MURDER
MASS RAPE
MATERNAL HOMICIDE
MATERNAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR CHILD PHYSICAL ABUSE
MATRICIDE See FAMILY HOMICIDES MEASUREMENT, INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE
Reports to Police
Random Sample Surveys
MEDIA, REPRESENTATIONS/ DISTORTIONS OF CRIME
Media Stereotyping
Beliefs in Objectivity
MEDIA AND SEXUALITY
Historical Connections
Changing Social Standards
Sociological Expression of Sexual Content
MEDIA AND VIOLENCE
Selection Criteria: The Novel and the Routine
Coverage of Politicized and Celebrity Violent Crimes
Other Approaches to Studying Media and Violence
MEDIATION
Does Mediation Work?
Problems With Mediation
How Mediation Disadvantages Abuse Victims
Possible Challenges to Mediation
MEGAN’S LAW See SEX OFFENDER REGISTRATION LAWS
MENDING THE SACRED HOOP
MENTAL ILLNESS
Deinstitutionalization and Public Fears of the Mentally Unstable
Childhood or Adolescent Mental Disorders Linked With Violence
Other Mental Disorders Linked With Violence
MENTORS IN VIOLENCE PREVENTION
MILITARY, FAMILY ADVOCACY PROGRAMS
MINNEAPOLIS DOMESTIC VIOLENCE EXPERIMENT
Background
Methods
Results
Impact
MISOGYNY
The Cultural Context of Misogyny
Misogyny, Gender, and Violence
Misogyny and Violence Against Women
Misogyny and Violence Against Children
Misogyny and Violence Against Men
MORAL PANICS
MUNCHAUSEN SYNDROME BY PROXY
NATIONAL AMBER ALERT PROGRAM
N
NATIONAL CENTER FOR MISSING AND EXPLOITED CHILDREN
NATIONAL CENTER FOR VICTIMS OF CRIME
NATIONAL CENTER ON CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT See OFFICE
CHILD ABUSE
NEGLECT NATIONAL CHILDREN’S ALLIANCE AND CHILDREN’S ADVOCACY CENTERS
NATIONAL CHILD TRAUMATIC STRESS NETWORK
NATIONAL CLEARINGHOUSE FOR THE DEFENSE OF BATTERED WOMEN
NATIONAL CLEARINGHOUSE ON MARITAL AND DATE RAPE
NATIONAL COALITION AGAINST DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
NATIONAL COUNCIL OF JUVENILE AND FAMILY COURT JUDGES
NATIONAL CRIME PREVENTION COUNCIL
NATIONAL CRIME VICTIMIZATION SURVEY
NATIONAL DOMESTIC VIOLENCE FATALITY REVIEW INITIATIVE
NATIONAL DOMESTIC VIOLENCE HOTLINE
NATIONAL FAMILY VIOLENCE SURVEYS
Family Violence Surveys
National Surveys of Violence Toward Women
National Surveys of Violence Toward Children
NATIONAL INCIDENT-BASED REPORTING SYSTEM
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF JUSTICE
NATIONAL LATINO ALLIANCE FOR THE ELIMINATION OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
Programs and Projects
NATIONAL NETWORK TO END DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
NATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR WOMEN
NOW and Interpersonal Violence
NATIONAL RESOURCE CENTER ON DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
NATIONAL SEXUAL VIOLENCE RESOURCE CENTER
NATIONAL VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN SURVEY
Background
Estimates
Advantages and Disadvantages
NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS IN IMPULSIVE AGGRESSION AND VIOLENT BEHAVIOR
NO-DROP PROSECUTION
NONOFFENDING PARENTS OF MALTREATED CHILDREN
Nonoffending Mothers and the Early Literature
Possible Effects of Early Literature
Recent Understanding of Nonoffending Parents
O
OFFICE FOR VICTIMS OF CRIME
OFFICE OF JUVENILE JUSTICE AND DELINQUENCY PREVENTION
OFFICE ON CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT
OFFICE ON VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN
“ONE STRIKE” PUBLIC HOUSING POLICY
OPPRESSION AND VIOLENCE
P
PARAPHILIA
Typology
Etiology
Lifestyle Issues
Clinical Interventions
PARENTAL ALIENATION SYNDROME
Acceptance
Problems
PARENT–CHILD INTERACTION THERAPY
PARENT–CHILD TRAUMA THERAPY
PARENTING PRACTICES AND VIOLENCE, CHILD MALTREATMENT
Parenting Behaviors Associated With Child Maltreatment
Positive Parenting Model
Parenting Education and Support Programs
PARENTING PRACTICES AND VIOLENCE, DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
Parenting by Perpetrators and Victims
Impact and Risk Assessment
Interventions
PARENTING PRACTICES AND VIOLENCE, YOUTH VIOLENCE
Quality of the Parent–Child Relationship
Discipline Practices
Corporal Punishment
Parental Monitoring
Cultural Considerations
Prevention of Youth Violence
PARRICIDE See FAMILY HOMICIDES PATRIARCHAL TERRORISM See INTIMATE TERRORISM; EXPRESSIVE VIOLENCE; INSTRUMENTAL VIOLENCE; SITUATIONAL COUPLE VIOLENCE; VIOLENT RESISTANCE PATRIARCHY
Patriarchy in the Family
Patriarchy in Society
Theories of Patriarchy
Influence
PATRICIDE See FAMILY HOMICIDES PEACEMAKING CIRCLES
PEDOPHILIA
Psychopathology
Theory
Assessment
Treatment
Risk Assessment
PEER INFLUENCES ON YOUTH VIOLENCE
Community-Related Influences
School-Related Influences
Concluding Remarks
PEER MEDIATION PROGRAMS
Peer Mediation Program Models
Types of Peer Mediation Sessions
Peer Mediators
Benefits of Peer Mediation
Concluding Remarks
PIMPING
POLICE, RESPONSE TO CHILD MALTREATMENT
POLICE, RESPONSE TO DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
History
Mandatory Arrests
Dual Arrests
POLICE, SUICIDE BY COP
POLICE, USE OF VIOLENCE/ EXCESSIVE FORCE
Cases of Police Violence
The Victims of Police Violence
Police Violence and the History of Urban Uprisings
Causes and Solutions to Police Violence
PORNOGRAPHY
POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER
Associated Features
Other Factors Associated With PTSD
General Epidemiology
Interpersonal Violence Trauma Versus Other Trauma Types
Treatment
POVERTY
Increasing Rates of Poverty
Relationship Between Poverty and Interpersonal Violence
POWER AND CONTROL WHEEL
PREGNANCY, CRIMINALIZING THE PREGNANCIES OF DRUG-ADDICTED WOMEN
PREGNANCY, VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN DURING
Prevalence
Sociological Considerations
Effects
PREVALENCE
Issues With Prevalence
PREVALENCE, MEASURING
PREVENTION PROGRAMS, ADOLESCENT DATING VIOLENCE
Benefits of Focusing on Prevention With Adolescents
Effective Dating Violence Prevention Programs
Research and Evaluation Considerations
Implementation Considerations
PREVENTION PROGRAMS, CHILD MALTREATMENT
The Science of Prevention
When to Intervene?
What Is the Focus?
Who Is It For?
PREVENTION PROGRAMS, COMMUNITY APPROACHES TO INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE
Benefits of a Prevention Approach
Community-Level Approaches
Focus on Engaging Men
PREVENTION PROGRAMS, COMMUNITY MOBILIZATION
Community Mobilization in Preventing Interpersonal Violence
Outcomes
PREVENTION PROGRAMS, DEFINITIONS
Definitions
The Context of Prevention
Characteristics of Effective Prevention Programs
Evidence-Based Prevention
Prevention Research Concepts
Challenges and Emerging Issues
PREVENTION PROGRAMS, INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE
Prevention as a Systemic Process
The Development of Effective Prevention Programs
PREVENTION PROGRAMS, YOUTH VIOLENCE
Level of Programming
Conceptualization
Cultural Considerations
Fidelity and Outcome
PRISONER REENTRY
Challenges of Prisoner Reentry
Prisoner Reintegration
Barriers to Successful Reentry
Prisoner Reentry Nationally
PRISON RAPE ELIMINATION ACT
PRISON VIOLENCE, SEXUAL ASSAULT
PRISON VIOLENCE AND PRISON GANGS
PRISON VIOLENCE BY CORRECTIONS STAFF
PRISON VIOLENCE BY INMATES
PRISON VIOLENCE IN WOMEN’S FACILITIES
PROFESSIONAL JOURNALS ON CHILD MALTREATMENT
PROFESSIONAL JOURNALS ON ELDER ABUSE
PROFESSIONAL JOURNALS ON INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE
PROFESSIONAL JOURNALS ON VICTIMIZATION
PROFESSIONAL JOURNALS ON YOUTH VIOLENCE
PROSECUTORIAL PRACTICES, CHILD MALTREATMENT
PROSECUTORIAL PRACTICES, ELDER ABUSE
PROSECUTORIAL PRACTICES, INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE
Context
Prosecution of IPV
Prosecutorial Practices in Sexual Assault
Child Abuse Prosecution
PROSECUTORIAL PRACTICES, INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE
PROSTITUTION
Recruitment
Violence
Societal Response
PROTECTIVE ORDERS See RESTRAINING
PROTECTIVE ORDERS PSYCHIATRIC ILLNESS AND VIOLENCE PROPENSITY
Mental Illness and Violence Myths
PSYCHOLOGICAL/EMOTIONAL ABUSE
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY FOR VIOLENCE
PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN PREDICTING VIOLENCE
Behavior, Stress, and the Autonomic Nervous System
Electroencephalogram and Evoked Potentials
Skin Conductance and Heart Rate
Neuroimaging Physiology
PUBLIC EDUCATION
PUNKING
Dynamics of Punking
Effects of Punking
RAPE CRISIS CENTERS
R
RAPE CULTURE
Theory
Social Categories and Intersectionality
Silence and Toleration of Rape
Rape Myths
Challenging Rape Culture
RAPE KITS
RAPE/SEXUAL ASSAULT
Prevalence
Risk Factors
Consequences
Prevention
Intervention
RAPE SHIELD LAWS
RAPE TRAUMA SYNDROME
REASONABLE EFFORTS
RECIDIVISM
Defining and Measuring Recidivism
REFUGEE/ASYLEE
RELIGION
REPRESSED MEMORY
Controversy
RESILIENCY, PROTECTIVE AND RISK FACTORS
Qualities of Resilience
Resilience and Interpersonal Violence
Protective Factors
Risk Factors
Research on Resilience, Risk, and Protective Factors
RESTORATIVE JUSTICE
Roots of Restorative Justice
Restorative Justice Dialogue
Restorative Justice Approaches
Research on Effectiveness
The Future of Restorative Justice
RESTORE ORDER AND LEAVE See POLICE, RESPONSE
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE RESTRAINING AND PROTECTIVE ORDERS
The Process of Obtaining Court Orders
Advantages of Obtaining Court Orders
Limitations of Court Orders
Effectiveness of Court Orders
Judicial Enforcement of Court Orders
RISK ASSESSMENT
RISK ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENTS, CHILD MALTREATMENT
Risk Factors for Child Maltreatment
Instruments
Conclusion
RISK ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENTS, ELDER ABUSE
The Importance of Risk Assessment
The Function of Risk Assessment Instruments
Variation Among Elder Abuse Risk Assessment Instruments
RISK ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENTS, INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE
Victim-Administered Instruments
Perpetrator-Administered Instruments
Selection of Instruments
RISK ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENTS, INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE
The Need for Risk Assessment Instruments
Existing Risk Assessment Instruments and Their Characteristics
Benefits and Limitations
Future Directions
RISK ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENTS, YOUTH VIOLENCE
Assessment Components
Assessment Formats
Contexts of Use
Dilemmas
RITUALISTIC ABUSE
ROAD RAGE See INTERMITTENT EXPLOSIVE DISORDER ROBBERY
Robbery Statistics
Types of Robberies
RUNAWAY AND THROWNAWAY CHILDREN
RURAL CHILD ABUSE
RURAL WOMAN ABUSE
S
SACRED CIRCLE NATIONAL RESOURCE CENTER TO END VIOLENCE AGAINST NATIVE WOMEN
SADISTIC RAPE See SERIAL RAPE/SERIAL RAPISTS SAFE HOUSES
SAFETY PLANNING
SAME-SEX INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE
Similarities
Differences
Unique Issues
SCHOOL-BASED VIOLENCE PREVENTION PROGRAMS
Role of Schools in Preventing Violence
Ineffective Prevention Programs
Best Practice Principles
Effectiveness of School-Based Prevention Programs
Future Directions
SCHOOL VIOLENCE
SCHOOL VIOLENCE, MEDIA COVERAGE OF
Producing Fear
Creating Copycats
School’s Response
SCHOOL VIOLENCE, SCHOOL SHOOTINGS
Historical Evolution
Psychosocial View of Causes
Preventing and Minimizing the Effects of School Shootings
SCOTTSBORO BOYS
SECONDARY VICTIMIZATION See VICARIOUS TRAUMATIZATION SECONDARY VICTIMIZATION BY POLICE AND COURTS
SELF-DEFENSE
SELF-DESTRUCTIVE BEHAVIORS See SELF-INJURY SELF-INJURY
Effects
Psycho-Medical View of Causes
Psycho-Medical Demographics
Historical Evolution
Sociological View of Causes
Sociological Demographics
SELF-PETITIONING PROCESS
Why Self-Petitioning Is Needed
Self-Petitioning Requirements
SELF-TRAUMA MODEL
SEPARATION/DIVORCE SEXUAL ASSAULT
SERIAL MURDER/SERIAL KILLERS
Types of Serial Murder/Serial Killers
Causes of Serial Murder
SERIAL RAPE/SERIAL RAPISTS
History
The Criminal Behavior
SEVERITY OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN SCALES
SEX DISCRIMINATION
Institutional Sexism
Interpersonal Sexism
SEX EDUCATION
SEX OFFENDER REGISTRATION LAWS
SEX OFFENDERS
Victim–Offender Relationship
Prevalence and Vulnerability to Sex Crimes
Consequences of Sex Crimes
Recidivism of Sex Offenders
Legal and Clinical Responses to Sex Offenders
SEX OFFENDERS, CIVIL COMMITMENT
SEX TOURISM
SEXUAL ABUSE
SEXUAL ABUSE OF CHILDREN See CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE SEXUAL ABUSE OF PEOPLE WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES
Sexual Abuse Defined
Risk Factors
Signs and Symptoms
Prosecution and Victim Advocacy
SEXUAL ABUSE OF THE ELDERLY
SEXUAL ABUSE OF WOMEN See RAPE/SEXUAL ASSAULT SEXUAL ASSAULT IN THE MILITARY
Task Forces
Comprehensive Policy
Criticism of Policy
Prevalence
SEXUAL ASSAULT NURSE EXAMINER
SEXUAL ASSAULT RESPONSE TEAM
SEXUAL COERCION
SEXUAL ETHICS
SEXUAL EXPERIENCES SURVEY
SEXUAL HARASSMENT
SEXUAL HARASSMENT, SAME-SEX
Same-Sex Sexual Harassment in the Workplace and Education
Historical Overview of Same-Sex Sexual Harassment in the Workplace
Historical Overview of Same-Sex Sexual Harassment in Education
SEXUAL HARASSMENT IN SCHOOLS
Federal Laws
U.S. Supreme Court Decisions
Scientific Research
SEXUAL HARASSMENT IN WORKPLACES
SEXUALLY AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR IN CHILDREN
Characteristics
Theories
Current and Future Directions
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
Sexually Transmitted Infections and Interpersonal Violence
Sexual Assault
Intimate Partner Violence
Childhood Sexual Abuse
SHAKEN BABY SYNDROME
SHELTERING OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE VICTIMS’ PETS
SHELTERS, BATTERED WOMEN’S
History
Services Provided
Funding
SIBLING ABUSE
Defining Sibling Abuse
Risk Factors
Impacts
SILENT WITNESS NATIONAL INITIATIVE
SITUATIONAL COUPLE VIOLENCE
SOCIAL COGNITIVE PROGRAMS FOR VIOLENCE
Cue Search
Cue Interpretation
Response Generation
Consequential Thinking
Enactment
SOCIALIZATION
SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY
Social Learning Theory and Family Violence
SOCIAL SUPPORT NETWORKS
Describing Social Support Networks
An Ecological Context for Social Support Networks
Measurement of Social Support
Perceived and Received Social Support
SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, OFFENDING AND VICTIMIZATION BY CLASS
SORORICIDE See FAMILY HOMICIDES SPIRITUALITY AND FAMILY THERAPY
Religion and Spirituality
Spiritual Sources of Distress
Spiritual Resources for Healing and Resilience
SPOUSE ASSAULT REPLICATION PROJECT
Background
Methods
Results
Criticisms
Summary Articles
Future Research
STALKING
Defining Stalking
Causes of Stalking
Impact on Survivors
STATE VIOLENCE
STATUTORY RAPE
Laws About Statutory Rape
Risky Behaviors
Prosecution of Statutory Rape
Future Directions
STOP VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN FORMULA GRANT PROGRAM
STRESS AND VIOLENCE
SUBCULTURES OF VIOLENCE
Southern Subculture of Violence
Black Subculture of Violence
Other Subcultures of Violence
SUBSTANCE ABUSE
Theories of the Relationship Between Substance Abuse and Interpersonal Violence
Empirical Data Regarding the Relationship Between Substance Abuse and General Violence
Empirical Data Regarding the Relationship Between Substance Abuse and Intimate Partner Violence
SUICIDAL BEHAVIORS, FAMILIAL FACTORS IN
Environmental Exposures
Heritable Factors in Suicidal Behavior
SUICIDALITY: CLUSTERS, CONTAGION, AND PACTS
SUICIDALITY: DEMOGRAPHIC RISK AND PROTECTIVE FACTORS
Age, Gender, Ethnicity
Marital Status, Household Composition, Sexual Orientation, Incarceration
Occupation, Education, Unemployment, Income, Religion
Geographic Patterns, Urban Versus Rural, Mobility
Global Patterns
SUICIDALITY: NOMENCLATURE
SUICIDALITY: PREVENTION
Clinical Interventions for At-Risk Individuals and Families
Means Restriction
School Prevention Programs
Community Prevention Programs
Media
State- and National-Level Suicide Prevention
SUICIDE, RISK AND PROTECTIVE FACTORS: INDIVIDUAL LEVEL
Mental and Physical Illnesses
Values, Temperament, and Other Personal Attributes
Behavioral Risk Factors
SUICIDE, RISK AND PROTECTIVE FACTORS: IN RESEARCH
T
TAKE BACK THE NIGHT
TEMPORARY ASSISTANCE FOR NEEDY FAMILIES PROGRAM
TORTURE
Uses of Torture
Physical and Psychological Torture
Utility of Torture
International Law Prohibiting Torture
TRAFFICKING, HUMAN
Types of Trafficking
Trafficking Statistics
Contributing Factors
Trafficking Methods
Consequences for Victims
Stopping Trafficking in Humans
TRANSITIONAL HOUSING PROGRAMS
TRAUMA-FOCUSED THERAPY
Case Example
Efficacy
TRIBAL ISSUES
Historical Tribal Beliefs and Responses to Violence Against Women
The Impact of Colonization on Safety and Justice for Native Women
Contemporary Tribal Issues
Future Directions
12-STEP PROGRAMS
The 12 Steps
Variety of 12-Step Programs
Criticisms of 12-Step Programs
U
UNIFORM CRIME REPORTS
UNITED NATIONS, INTERNATIONAL LAW/COURTS
International Law
International Courts
Agencies
Future Directions
UNITED NATIONS CONVENTIONS AND DECLARATIONS
Historical Origins
International Bill of Human Rights
Core International Human Rights Treaties
Other International Instruments
Declarations
UXORICIDE See FAMILY HOMICIDES
V
VERBAL ABUSE
Verbal Abuse During Childhood
Verbal Abuse During Adulthood
Hate Speech
Consequences
Treatment
Future Research
VICARIOUS TRAUMATIZATION
VICTIM BLAMING See VICTIM PRECIPITATION THEORIES VICTIM IMPACT STATEMENTS
VICTIMIZATION, PREDICTORS OF
Individual Demographic Predictors
Developmental and Psychosocial Predictors
Situational Predictors
Contextual Predictors
VICTIM OFFENDER MEDIATION AND DIALOGUE
Humanistic Model
Impact
Endorsements
Process
VICTIMOLOGY
Development of Victimology
Penal Victimology
Theoretical Victimology
General Victimology
Critical Victimology
Data Gathering
VICTIM PRECIPITATION THEORIES
Development of Victim Precipitation Theories
Victim Blaming
Methodological Issues
VICTIMS OF CRIME ACT
VICTIMS’ RIGHTS MOVEMENT
Historical Influences
The Modern Movement
Major Accomplishments
Controversial Issues
Future Directions
VICTIM-WITNESS ADVOCACY PROGRAMS
Background
Services
Critiques and Concerns
VICTIM WITNESS SPECIALISTS
VIDEO GAMES, VIOLENCE EXPOSURE IN
Exposure
Parental Rules
Types of Games
Rating System
Interactivity
Theoretical Explanations
VIOLENCE AGAINST INDIGENOUS CHILDREN, YOUTH, AND FAMILIES
VIOLENCE AGAINST PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES
VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN ACT
Civil Rights Remedy
Violence Against Women Act of 2000
Violence Against Women Act of 2005
VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN FOLLOWING NATURAL DISASTERS
Causes
Challenges
Future Disaster Management
VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN IN CONFLICT AND WAR ZONES
Women in the War Zone
Soldiers’ Wives and Dependents
Female Soldiers
Sociological View of Causes
VIOLENCE PREVENTION CURRICULA FOR ADOLESCENTS
Challenges Facing Schools in Violence Prevention Initiatives
Effective School-Based Violence Prevention Programming
Teacher Training and Staff Development
Key Stakeholders
Selecting Appropriate Violence Prevention Curricula
Future Directions
VIOLENT RESISTANCE
W
WOMEN OF COLOR NETWORK
WOMEN’S AID FEDERATIONS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM
Aims and Mission
History
Principles, Values, and Service Standards
WORKPLACE VIOLENCE
Types of Workplace Violence
Workplace Homicides
Going Postal: A Bad Rap
Nonfatal Workplace Violence
Dangerous Jobs
Interventions
Y
YOUTH VIOLENCE
Children and Youth, and Resources Related to Child Abuse and Neglect
Appendix A
Helpful Resources
The Elderly
Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, and Questioning Communities
Human Rights (Including Trafficking and Slavery)
Mental Health (Including Substance Abuse and Suicide)
Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Sexual Violence and Abuse (Resources Addressing Victims and Perpetrators)
Stalking
Violence Between Intimate Partners (Resources Primarily Addressing Victims)
Violence Between Intimate Partners (Resources Primarily Addressing Perpetrators)
Interpersonal Violence—General
State Coalitions Against Domestic Violence
Tribal Coalitions
State Sexual Assault Coalitions
State Clearinghouses for Missing and Exploited Children
Hotlines
Appendix B
UNIFORM CRIME REPORTING PROGRAM AND THE NATIONAL CRIME VICTIMIZATION SURVEY DATA The Nation’s Two Crime Measures
Interpersonal Violence Statistical Data
Comparing UCR and the NCVS
UNIFORM CRIME REPORTING PROGRAM CRIME DEFINITIONS
UNIFORM CRIME REPORTING PROGRAM: STATE-BY-STATE DATA FOR VIOLENT CRIME 2002–2006
NATIONAL CRIME VICTIMIZATION SURVEY
Abandonment, 1:1–2 Abolitionist approach to prostitution, 1:2–3 policies and programs, 1:2–3 present-day advocates of, 1:2–3 reducing violence against women, 1:2–3 Abortion. See Anti-abortion violence; Gendercide Abortion, sex-selective. See Gendercide Abuse-focused therapy, 1:3–4 abuse-focused therapeutic interventions, 1:3–4 philosophical influences on, 1:3 Abusive Behavior Inventory, 1:4 Accused, The (film), 1:443–444 Achenbach, Thomas, 1:104 Acid attacks, 1:5–6 Acid Survivors Foundation, 1:6 Acrotomophilia, 1:6–7 body integrity identity disorder and, 1:7 development of, 1:6 practice of, 1:6 prevalence of, 1:6 Adler, Freda, 1:256 Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997, 1:7–8, 1:118 Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980, 1:8, 1:118, 1:240, 1:412–413 Intensive Family Preservation Services and, 1:358 reasonable efforts, defined, 2:588 Adult Protective Services (APS), 1:8–10 Adult survivors of childhood abuse, 1:10–12 brain’s response to abuse, 1:11 treatment for, 1:11–12 types of effects of abuse, 1:10 See also Posttraumatic stress disorder Adult Video News, 2:520 Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE), 1:53, 1:322 Advocacy, 1:12–14 agency/autonomy of battered women and, 1:15–16 AMEND (Abusive Men Exploring New Directions), 1:22–23 child advocates, 1:154 core values of, 1:13–14 court-appointed special advocates (CASA), 1:154–155 culturally competent, 1:14 forms of, 1:13 goals of, 1:12–13 See also Battered women; individual names of advocacy agencies African Americans athletics and violence, 1:41–42 feminism and, 1:368–370 hate crimes against, 1:310–311 homicide rates, 1:334
Index (with page links)
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q,R
S
T
U
V
W
X,Y,Z
![Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace, and Conflict [2nd ed.]
9780123739858](https://dokumen.pub/img/200x200/encyclopedia-of-violence-peace-and-conflict-2ndnbsped-9780123739858.jpg)
![Animal Abuse and Interpersonal Violence : A Psycho-Criminological Understanding [1 ed.]
9781119894124, 9781119894100, 9781119894117](https://dokumen.pub/img/200x200/animal-abuse-and-interpersonal-violence-a-psycho-criminological-understanding-1nbsped-9781119894124-9781119894100-9781119894117.jpg)
