Encyclopaedia Britannica [INDEX, 13 ed.]

Table of contents :
Cover
EB13_Events
19110101
19110824
19120605
19130317
19131224
19140827
19150408
19151211
19160726
19170227
19171007
19180515
19181113
19190524
19191204
19200718
19210401
19211105
19220612
19230127
19230831
19240531
19250114
19250914
19260512
EB13_Index
AAKJ
AFRI
ANDE
AUST
BEBE
BOIL
BUEN
CART
CHRI
CONR
CUYP
DIAM
ECON
ETHY
FLEM
GALA
GOLD
HALI
HOOK
INDU
JABL
KHAM
LARY
LLAN
MALA
MERC
MONT
NATI
NOVA
PALL
PHOT
PRIN
REA
ROOS
SAFI
SHEL
SOUT
SUGA
TEMP
TROE
VAAS
WARR
WORM
EB13_Subjects
Classification of Articles
Plate Illustrations and Maps
ANTH
ART
CHEM
EDUC
GEOG1
GEOG2
GEOG3
HIST1
HIST2
HIST3
HIST4
LITE1
LITE2
MEDI
RELI
EB13_Authors
ABB
ATH
BOW
CAN
CRA
DRU
FOW
HAD
HOL
KEN
LOR
MAS
NAT
PIN
ROL
SHE
TAY
WAV

Citation preview

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF EVENTS

jANUARY I

I9

I

I-JULY

3

I

This table, intended for rapid reference, g1ves dates of the principal events that have happened throughout the world during the period covered by the Three New Volumes of the ENCYCLOPAWIA BRITANNICA 1911

]AN. !-Diplomatic rc-1ations TC'Sttmed between United States and Nicaragua (hroken off in H)OQ). ]A�. r-Proclamation issued in Austra­ lia accepting Canberra as site of new Federal capital. }A:-.r. r-Francesco I. ).fadcro, Jr., com­ mences revolt in ).lcxico. }AN. 3-Fir't Postal Savings Bank opened in Cnited States. ]A,. 9-First South American Postal CongrC'ss at :Montevideo. JAN. g-q-Strike of 22,000 coal min­ ers at Liege, Be-lgium. }AN- ro-Commanrler Sims. U.S. �avy, renrimandC'd by President's instructions for stating in speech at Guildhall, London, that UnitPd States would at once and actively support Brittsh Empire against a menacing foe. }AN. r2-Riots in Bombay at �Io­ hurrum cdPhrations. Troops fired on crowd, killing and wounding 42 persons. ]A�. 2o-Andrew Carnpgie gave ten million dollar� to the Carnegie Insti· lute of \Vashington, D.C. ]A�. 21 -Boundary Convention signed by United Kingdom and Liberia. ]Ax. 21 -Reciprocity AgrE"PtnC'nt signed by L�nited States and Canada. ]AN. 2J-lnternational Opium Conven­ tion sigrwd by Germany, United States, Great Britain, France, China, Italy, Japan, Holland, Persia, Portu­ gal, Russia and Siam. ]A'tschberg Tunnel be ­ tween Kandcrsteg and Rhone Valley complded. !\lARCH 31-]apan ratifies Commercial Treaty with United Statf's. APRIL r-()xford wins University Boat Race by 2 ·.1.;! lengths in record time of r8 min. 29 sec. APRIL 3 -Commercial Treaty signed between Great Britain and Japan. APRIL s-Announcement that the Lon­ don Obsrnoer had been acquired by \V. \V. Aslor (now Lord .\stor). APRIL rz-Champagne riots in France renewed. APRIL 13-Battlc in Mexico between Government troops and rebels. _U.S. troops cross border and put an end to fighting. APRIL rs-American, British, French and Gc·rman bankers sign agreement for loan of S s o, o oo,o oo to China. APRIL ro-The .. Fram .• {Amundsen Antarctic Experlition) arrives at lluenos Aires on return journey. APRIL ·22-Armistice concluded by �.fexican Government with rebels. APRIL 26-Serious floods in Buenos Aires. APRIL 28-Total eclips� of sun. Line of totality crossin� South Pacific. APRIL 30-Large pJ.rt of Bangor , �Iaine, destroyed by fire. MAY r-�lay Day celebrations pre­ vented in Paris by concentration of I 2,ooo troops. MAY 3-Sale of letter from Martin Luther to Emperor Charles V. for 102,ooo marks at Lcipzi�. l\IAY $-Ratifications exchangf'd of Anglo-Japanese Commercial Treaty of April 3· J\.1Av 8--Qpi um Agreement signed at Peking between China and Great Britain. 1\.L-\.Y ro-Fighting recommences in !\lexica. Insurgents capture Juarez. 1\lAY r2-IIenn� L. Stimson appointed U.S. Secretary of \Var.

MAY 15-U.S. Supreme Court upholds decision for dissolution of Standard Oil Company 1L.\Y 15-P�. 4-�ew Mexico admitted as a St ate of the Unite d States. }A�. 6-Railway from Peking to sea occupied by troops of Fore-ign Powf'rs. }A�. 6-Establi�hrnc-nt of Naval \Var Staff in Great Britain.

]AN. 9-Building

of Equitable Life Insurance Co. in New York de­ stroyed by fi re. Seven lives lost; damage $5 ,ooo, ooo. }AN ro-�fiss Emil:,.• Davison, suf­ fragist, sentenced in England to six months imprisonment for attempts to destroy contents of Post Office letter boxes.

]A>�. ro-King George V. and Queen �lary leave India. }AX. r 2-General ele ction s in Germany. Socia lis t v ictory .

].I. 16-Presidenl Taft warns Cuban Govl. that the United S ta t es will inten�ene if the m il ita ry cor-.inues to interfere in poli t ic s. jAN. r 8- B ritis h Steamer "\Vistow Hall" wrecked with loss of 53 hands. )AN". I S - Britis h Antarctic expedition, under Captain Scott, reaches South Pole.

}A�. 23-International

Opium vent ion �;ignPd at The Hague.

Con�

]A>I. 26-B riti sh Anglican Cathedral al Kh ar tmn consecrated by Bishop of London.

Agrc-Pment 30-lnternationai signed regarding Commission of Ban ke rs to receive Customs Revenue

]A�.

in China. FEn. I-1\1exican insurg:C'nls proclaim Emilio Vasquc."z Gome-z Presid.ent. FER. 2-British submarine A.. 3 col lides and sinks during exercisf'S off Isle o f \Vight with loss of 4 o fficers and ro men. FEB. 4-Retum of King George V. and Queen ?vlary from India. FEB. 7-Lord Haldane leaves England for Germany for purpose of nnofficial discussiOns w it h German ministers. FER. 9-0tlicbl decl aration in England re- gard ing Lord Hald ane 's visit to Be rlin. FER. IO-Death of Lord Lister, founder of anti�eptic su rg l'r y. FEB. ro-French Senate adopts Fran ­ c o -G e r man Tr eaty re g ar d ing I\1o ­ rocco. FER. I2-.\brlication of 1v! an chu d;·­ nasty in China. R epu bl ic formally inaugurated. FER. r -t�Arizona aflmitted as a State of th e Uniterl States. FEB. I4-Resignation of Sun Vat -s en

from Chinese Provisional Govern­ ment. Yuan-Shih-Kai elected Pro­ visional President on I sth. FEB. IS-1-lajor-Genf'ral Ainsworth. Adiutant-General U.S. Army sus­ {X'nded from du ty for insubordinate reply to Secretary of \Var wh en ordered to report on Hay Army B il l . Subsequent r esignatio n. FEB. 1 7-Graham Gilmour killed while flying at R ich mond , Eng la nd.

F1-:B. 20-Ap pointm l"n t of Count Berchtold as Foreign 1.finistcr in

Austria-Hungary.

FEn. 2r-Houston, Tex. stro;•ed by fire.

partly de­

FFR. 22-Bdtish A1edical Association

deci de s not to conform with National

ln�urance Act unless m inimum de� matlfls of A�sociation a re met . FEB. 2-t-Turkish gun-boat an(i de� st royer sunk by Italian warships at Beirut. FEn. 29-C oal strike in Great Britain begi ns. MARCH 7-U . S. Senate strikes out Artic le I II of Arbitration Treaties with GrC'at Brit ain and Fra nce.

1\1."-RCH 7-Captain Amundsen arrives at Hobart, Tasmania, after reaching South Pole. �lARCH 7-Hf'nri Sal met makes non­ s top flight from London to Paris in 3 hr. 25 min. �IARCIIg-KingGeorgeV.lays founda� tion stone of London County HaiL �lARCH ro-!\1lle. Suzanne BC'rnard killed durin� tlying te:-;ts in F ran ce.

l\IARCH 12-Ratifications exchan�ed of Franco-Germ.:1n Treaty of Nov. 4

I9[ I. l\!ARCH Lt-Attrmptc-d assassination of King Victor Emmanuel of Italy. l\IARCH r6-Scotl and beals England at Rugby Football by 8 points to 3, regaining Calcutta Cup. l\Ln voyage to New York, thro ugh colli�ion with icebC'rg. I,S03 viet im:::. .. APRIL I7-r8-�.futiny of S hPrPefi an troops in Fez. f\.las�acre of Frenc h officials.

APRIL r8-Forts at entrance to Dar­ darwllcs bombard(•d by Italians. APRIL 23 -i'•b ti onal ist Convention at Dubl in accept:s Home Rule Bill. APRIL 25-Anth ra citc Coal Strike in Pennsy'lvania sf't tled . APRIL 30-Turkish steamer ·• Texas ' ' sunk by mine in Gulf of Smyrna. 68 lives lost. 11AY I -D arda nelle s reopened to neu­ tral sh ip ping. 1·fAY 4-Ital ian s occupy Rhodes. MAY 9- lris h Home Rule Bill passes se con(l reading in British House of Com mo ns. MAY 1 0-Picture of " M rs. Elizabeth Hay" by Rae burn realised 21,200 guineas in L ondon. MAY 10-Miss Kate Malec ka . sairl to be Br itis h subject, convicted at War­ saw of belo nging to rPvolutionary organisation. Sentenced to 4 years' ppnal servitude followed by deporta­

tion for life. 1IAY IS -Boun daries of Q uc bec , Onta­ rio and 1-·fanitoba ex tende d. MAY 18-\Vomen's Suffrage Bill in Sweden defeated. 1-iAY 20-Turkish Council of Ministers decide on ex p ulsion of all Italians from Turkey except artisan s, widows and orphans and members of reli­ gious orde rs. MAY 22 -Count Tisza elected Prrsi­ d ent of Austro-Hungarian Chamb e r . 11AY 22-�fr. and 1\'lrs. Pethic k Law­ rence and l\1rs. P ank hu rst, English suffragi�ts, sentencPd to nine m onths ' imp rls on ment fo r con spiracy. ).fAY 23- S t ri kc of London transport workers begins. �1AY 2-J.-Entry into Fez of General Lyaute y. �lAY 2-J.-Report issued of B r iti s h Commission o n "Titanic" disaste r.

A!AY 27-Panic thro11gh f3rc jn dnema

n rar Castellon, Spain. 80 de aths. !\lAY 2 8-R epo r l issued of American C o n g re s s i o n a l Committee o n ••Titanic:" di saster. JuNE 3-Gr ea t fire at Constantmoplc re nd e rs I s, ooo persons homeless. J uN E ..t-rs-Radio-Tek'graphic Conference lwld in L ondo n. Th irt y coun t ric·s repr ese nted . juNE 5 -Der by won by \V. Raph ael 's '· Ta galie. ' '

1912-1913

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF EVENTS

]UNE s-U.S. Marines land in Cuba. JuNE 8-First Aerial Derby (flight of

8r miles round London won by Gustav Hamel in 98 min. 46 sec. jUNE 8-French submarine '·Vende· maire" sunk in collision with battle­ ship ·· St. Louis" with all hands. JuNE 9-12-German Naval Squadron visits New York. Jmm ro-Lord Haldane appointed Lord Chancellor of Great Britain to succf'ed Lord Loreburn. Jmm II-Miss Kate l\fal0cka (see May ro) released by Imperial decree and expelled from Russia. Ju"E 12-Colonr·l Seely becomes Brit­ ish Secretary of State for War. )lTXE r8-Agrecmcnt signf'd between Great Britain, France. UnitC'd StatC"s, Germany. Russia and Japan rrgard­ ing Reorganisation Loan to China. JuNE 18-:-/ational Republican Con­ vention held at Chicago. President Taft and Vice President Sherman re-nominated for office, June 22. JuxE 24-Nationai Democratic Con­ vention opens at Baltimore. \Voorl­ row \Vilson nominated for President with T. R. Marshall for Vice Presi­ dent July 2. Jt.:NE 25-Government of India Bill receives Royal assPnt. JuNE 26-27-Intcrnational Regatta held at Kiel. JuNE 30-Cyclonc at Regina, Canada, killed thirty-one pnsons and did much damage. JuLY r-Frcnch Chamber ratifies Treaty with 11orocco rcgarriin g Pro­ tectorate. ]L'LY 2-Congrcss of Universities of British Empire opC'ned in London. so universitic·s representr-d. ]t:LY 2-Dirigible balloon "Akron" catches fire at Atlantic City, KC'W Jersey, at hetght of I,ooo ft. Crew of s killed. ]ULY 3--Plot discovered at Cairo to murrfer Khediv, Prime �·finister and Lord Kitchcner. Several !'\ationalists arrested. ]ULY 3-I\'Iexican insurgents defeated at Chihuahua, losing 4,000 men. jULY 4-Accident to express train at Corning, New York. 42 persons killed. jULY s-Intf'rnational Radio� Telegraph Convention signed i n London by 4(1 countries. Jt:LY 6 -0lympic Games open at Stockholm. ]ULY 8-End of Camorra Trial at Rome-. Sentnces of imprisonment vary from four to thirty years. jULY 8-British Government protests against U.S. Panama Canal Bill. ]ULY 9-�o -Resignation of T. Mac­ Kenzie, Prime I\1inister in Ne\v Zealand. \V. F. �.fassey form� new ministry. Jt.:LY 9-Explosion a t Cadeby Col­ liery, Yorkshire, kills 86 men, inclucling Chief Inspector of Mines for district. JuLY 11-R. L. Borden, Canadian Premier. confers with Committee of Imperial Defence in London on naval policy. JuLY 12-Preliminary agreemC'nt for loan of £ro,ooo,ooo to China signed b y Great Britain and China. )ULY 13----{)lympic Games c 1 o s c d . Sweden heads list of victors. JuLY 13-Casemc-nt RPport on condi­ tions in Putamavo issued. juLY rs-Nation;ll Insurance Act comes into force in Great Britain. jULY 24-First International Eugenics Congress opened in London. }V"LY 30-British report on loss of Court find ··Titanic" published. that ship was being navigated at excessh·e speed. ]ULY 30-Deathof Mutsuhito, Emperor of Japan. ]ULY JI-End of transport workers' strike in England. (Sec May 23.) AuG. 1-G. E. I\Iorrison, Engli�h journalist, appointed Political Ad­ viser to Chinese President. AuG. 7-�ational Progressive Con­ vention held at Chicago nominates Thodore Roosevelt for President and Hiram \V. Johnson for Vice President. AuG. 7-.Mrs. Mary Leigh and Miss Gladys Evans, suffragists, sentenced to S years' penal servitude for setting fire to Theatre Royal, Dublin. AuG. 8-AnnouncC'ment of Russo-Jap­ anese Agr('elll('nt delimiting r('spec­ tive sphf"rc>s of in11uence in 1-Iongolia and 1\Ianchuria. AuG. g-Earthquake at Constanti­ nople and round Sea of I\larmora. Oooo pPrsons killed and 40,000 hom.;less.

AuG. r3-Three Nationalists in Egypt sentenced to fifteen yPars' imprison­ ment for conspiracy against lives of Khedive. Lord Kitchencr and Prime !\1inister. AuG. I4-Proclamation at Rabat of abdication of Sultan of J\.Iorocco, I\-lulai Hafid, and substitution for him of his brother �.fulai Yusef. AuG. 16-France anrl Russia sign naval convention at St. Petersburg. AL'G. 19-C.S. President sends mes­ sage to Congress stating that Panama Canal Bill does not violate text of any existing trat�'.

ATG. 20-Death of General Booth, founder of the Salvation Army. AuG. 2--1--Panama Canal BUI signed by U.S. President. He adds Memo­ randum that it does not violate Hay-Paunccfote Treaty of 1900. AuG. 29-Terrible floods in \Ven-chau, China, 30,000 lives lost. SEPT. 1-Exp lns ion in La Clarence �linC', Bruny, France. 5-t live:-; lost. SEPT ro-�\gr('C'fficnt si gn ed incr('as­ ing wages of Lancashire cotton-spin­ ners by ro per cPnt. SEPT. 12-I\L Paschitch becomes Prime I\1inister of Servia. SEPT I-t-Lord DPnman inaugurates Trans-Australian Railway from Port Augusta to Kalgoorlie. SEPT. 2J-I5th International Congress of Hygiene and Demography opened at \Va�hingtnn, D.C. SEPT. 25-Terrihle typhoon in Japan. Hrmdreds of li\'CS lost. Damage ex­ ceeded £-f,OOO,OOO. SEPT. 28-Clster Covenant signed at Belfast. SEPT. 30-Formation of Balkan League b:-�r Bulgaria, Servia, Greece and 1\.Iontenegro. Ocr.r-TurkishArmy mobilised against Balkan St.1tes. OcT. 4�British submarine B2 cut in two by Hamburg-Amerika liner • · A mcrik a. · ' Cre\\' of Lt lost. OCT. g-�Iontenegro declares war on Turkev. Oc-r. Ir_::_S _ dcct Committee appointed in London to enquire into 11arconi contract. OCT. 12-U.S. District Court at Hart· ford, Con., awards $250,000 damages in the Danbury Hatters' Case against the United Hatters Union. Ocr. 12-Germany, Au�tria, Great Britain, France and Ru�sia t'lr'nd note to Turkish Government on subject of Balkan war. OcT. I3-Bulgaria, Servia and GreC'ce present idef1tical notes to Turkcy, demanding a11tonomv for �·lacedonia. Ocr. rs-Turkey rC'plfcs to not from Po\vcrs, repudiating foreign interven­ tion. Ocr. q-Ex-President Roosevelt shot at by Socialist at �Iilwaukec during Presidential elections. Ocr. 16-Typlwon in Pllilippinc Island 400 persons killed. OcT. 17-Turkl•y declares war on Bul­ garia and Servia. GreC'ce declares war on Turkey on I 8th. OCT. 18-Pt_"'J.CP. TrPaty between Italy and Turkey signed. (Treaty of Lausanne.) OcT. 22-Resignation of F. D. Monk from Canadian Cabinet through dis­ agreement with llorden naval policy·. OcT. 2.)-Capture of Kirk Kilisse by Bulgarians. Ocr. z6-Agrc>emc>nt between France and Spain regarding :Morocco. OcT. 27-Felix Diaz conrlcmnerl to death hv Court �Iartial at Vera Cruz. OCT. z8___:P : rot('St against Salt Gahelle signed at Peking by eleven Powers, parties to the Pf'ace Protocol. for presentation to Chine::1C' (;ov('rnmPnt. Ocr. 28-France and !tal�' sign declara­ tion at Paris with n:ference to I\-Io­ rocco and Libya. OcT. 30-Dcath of J. S. Sherman, U.S. VicP-President. OcT. 30-1'\ov. r -Anglo-German Con­ fprence in London, for promotion of better understanding between two countriPs. OcT. Jr-:-.lain Turkish Army under :--Jazim Pasha rlcfeaterl hy Bulgarians. Nov. 3-Agrt"ement signPd hetWC'Pn Russia and 1\-tongolia, under \Vhich Russia undertakes to support I\-·Ion­ golia in maintaining her autonomy. Nov. 3-Turkey appC'als to Pm...·crs for mediation in Balkan \Var. �ov. 6-\Voodrow \Vilson elPcted President of the Cnited States by large electoral majority over the RC'pUblkan candidate. Nov. 9-Greek army captures Sa1onika from Turks. Nov. 11-Rcsignalion of Rt. Hun. James Br;•ce, British Ambassador to

United States. Succeeded by Sir Cecil Spring-Rice. Nov. 1 1 -B riti sh GovcrnmC'nt defeat­ ed in House of Commons on amend­ ment to financial resolution of Irish Home Rule Bill. Nov. 1I-I6-International !\-1 o t o r Show held at Olympia, London. � ov . I 2-Discovery of remains of Captain Scott and his companions (British Antarctic Expedition}. �ov. 12-Prime I\'linister of Spain, Se·nor Canalejas. assassinated in Madrir, resigns, owing to dif­ ferences with Gr-npral HPrtzog but is asked by Lord Gladstone to form new mini�try. Dr:c. 15-D0ath of \Vhitelaw Reid, U.S. Amhassador to Great Rritain. DEc. r6-Conff'rPnce at London be­ t\vcen r('presentatives of the Porte and Balkan allies to discuss terms of peace. DEc. 20-Nobel Prize for Literature a\varded to Gerhardt Hauptman. DEC. 20-Powers rcpresC'nted at Bal­ kan Peace ConfPrPnce accept prin­ ciple of autonomy of ;\lhania, and of Serda '.s commcrci:J.l access to the · Adriatic. DEc. 23-Aswan Dam, Egypt, opened for traffic. DEc. 23-Bomb thrown at Lord Hardinge, Viceroy of India, on occa­ sion of his first entry into new capital, Delhi. DEC. 28-Conviction at Indianapolis of .38 officials ancl mPmhers of unionr;; in connc>ction with the Los Angeles dynamite outrages in 1910.

19 1 3

r-Strike o f London taxicab drivers bC'gins. jAN. 1-Parcel post system inaug­ urated throughout the United States. ]A�. 2-TurkiSh garrison of Chios sur­ renders to GrPeks. jA�. 5-DC'ath nf Zuhf'ir Pasha, leading figure in Sudanes(' history.

}AN.

]AN. S-Herr

1151

von Jagow appointed Foreign �-Iinister in Germany. }A". 6-London Peace Conference be­ tween Turkey and Balkan States suspended. }AN. 9-Lord 'Nillingdon appointed Governor of Bombay. }AN. 13-U.S. Senate finds judge Aschhold guilty on five impeach­ ment charges. He is removed from the bench. ]AN. 16-Irish Home Rule Bill passes third reading in British House of Commons. ]AN. r6-George Parrott, warrant offi­ cer in British Navy, sentenced to four years' penal servitude for espionage. ]AN. 17-1\L Poincare elected Presi­ dent of France. ]A"· 18-Greco- Turkish naval battle off Tenedos. }A"· 18-British doctors released by British �Iedical Association from pledge of refusal to work under the I nsurancc Act. ]AN. 21-Briand Cabinet formed in · France. }AN. 23-Turkish coup d'etat. 1\!ur­ dC'r of � azim Pasha. RC'signation of Kiamil Pasha. New 1\Iinistry formed undpr lvlahmoud Shcvkct Pa�ha. }AN. 27-Franchise Bill withdrmvn in British House of Commons. JAN. 27-\·'iceroy of India opens first meeting of Legislative Council at Delhi. ]AN. 28-Suffragist dC'monstration in London owing to wiU1drawal of Franchise BilL JAN. 30-Irish Home Rule Bill rejected in British Ilouse of Lords. FEB. 1-0pcning of main portion of Grand Central Tprminus of New York Central Railroad. FEn. 3-Balkan war resumed. Bul­ garians TC'new attack on Adrianople. FEn. 3-U.S. Income Tax atn('ndment to FPdC'tal constitution hC'com0s law. FEn. 5-\Vrlsh C h urch Dis0stablish­ mC'nt Bill passes third reading in British Ilonsf' of Commons. FER. 9-Army revolt in .1-lexico against General 1\ladero. FEn. 11-Bill passes in Great Britain giving authority to Government to restrict aerial navigation. FEn. IJ-\Vdsh Church Bill rejected in British Ilouse of Lorrls. FEn. T3-.-\grPPment sign('(l brtwPen France and United States extending arbitration convention of Feb. 1 o 190R, for 5 years. FEn. q-Grcek ftag hoisted at Suda Bay, Crete. FEIL I5-IQ-StrikP of 2,000 dockers at Grimsby, England, ])('gins. FEB. 17-Death of Joaquin Miller, "poet of the Sierras" at San Francisco. FER. IS-President 11adero of :rvtexico deposed. GPneral Huerta proclaimed Provisional Presirlent. FEB. zo--Great fire at Tokyo; much damagf' done. FEn. zo-AnnouncC"ment of appoint.. ment of I\L Delcasse as French Ambassador to Ru:-::;;ia. FEB. 23�Ex-President 1\fadero and former VicC'-Prcsident Suarez mur­ derC'd in 1Iexico Citv. 11AR. 2-Skirmish beiween U.S. border patrol and l\1cxicans at Douglas, Arizona. I\fAR. 3-First t('rritorial Legislature of Alaska meets at Junc>au. 1·fAR. 4-\Voodrow \Vilson inaugur­ ated at \Va�ltington as president of the United Statf's. 1-Lo\R. 6-Fortrc>ss of Yanina sur· rendPred to Greeks. 11AR. 7-Explosion of dynamite at Baltimore. About 100 persons killed and \vounded. MAR. 7-French Chamber ratifies Franco-I\Inroccan Treaty. .:\lAR. 8�Town of Guajinigui!apa, Guatemala, drstroyed by cartlH111ake. �fAR. r r-Co]omhia rf'fnses to accept U.S. proposals rrgarding intt>r�oceanic canal, coaling stations in Islands in Caribbean Sea, etc. agrrement 1-IAR. II-Anglo-GC'rman respecting S( ·ttlement of frontier between Nigeria and CamC'roons. 1-1AR. I I-Frl:'nch airman, Perreyon. reaches llf'ight of 19,686 fi n . ll>ly and J«pan. FEn. 2 2 --United Statl"" s requested by B r i t ish .\mbassador thoroughly to invC'stigate death of \Vill i am II. Benton (sec Feb. r 7). MARCH r-Dealh of E arl of Minto, formf>r GovC"rnor-General of Canada and Vicerov of India. MARCH I -P�litical unrest in Brazil r e-­ sults i n s t a t e of siC'ge in Rio de Janeiro. MARCH S-El ect i o ns i n Spain result in victorv for monarchist pa.rty. MARCH 9-s,ooo :n>!. .\eG. I $ -}apanSe ultimatum to Germany demanding evacuation of Kiau-Chow. .'\uG. rs-U.S. announcment that G o vt . would look witf1 disfavour on loans by A m erican bankC"rs to any nat i on engaged i n Eur o pean \Var.

i\vr.. I 6 -Constitutionalist Army un­ dt·r Gen('ral Obrgon enters .Mexico City unopposC"d. At·G. I 7- Bninsula begins. APRIL 26-Secret Convention signed by Triple Entente with Italy. APRIL 26-U.S. Navy Dept. an­ nounces battleship •· Cal ifornia" will be electrically propelled-first in world. APRIL 26-German cruiser '· Kron­ prinz Wilhe l m " interned at Newport News. APRIL 26-27-French armoured cruiser ' · Leon Gambetta " torpedoed by Austrian submarine. 6oo lives lost. APRIL 27-International Congress of 'Nomen opened at The Hague. APRIL 28-German offensive a t Ypres definitely checked. APRIL 30-German warning against sailing i n S.S. " Lusitania " pub­ lished in U.S. Press. APRIL 3o--Fire in Colon, Panama, prop­ erty loss $J,s oo.ooo. I I li,·es lost. APRIL 3o--\Virr-less communication perfected betwC'en \Vashington and Panama Canal Zone. APRIL 30-Australian suhmarine sunk by Turkish warships in Dardanelles. MAY 4-Italy denounces Triple Al­ liance. l>IAY 7-Japanese ultimatum t o China regarding concessions. China agrees to demands. MAY 7-Sinking of C u nard Liner '· Lusitania " by German torpedoes. 1 T 3 1� lives lost. MAY 9" -25-llattle of Festubert. ?.iAY I a--Z eppelin drops nearly 100 bombs on Southend. MAY 1 2-General Botha's troops occupy Windhuk, German S.\V. Africa. MAY 1 3--0rders given for arrest of alien enemies in London of military age. MAY IJ-H.M.S. " Goliath · · torpedoed i n Dardanelles. MAY 13-King George V. orders that names of German and Austrian Emperors, King of \Niirtemberg, German Crown Prince, etc.. be struck off roll of Knights of the Garter. MAY I J -Protest from United States to Germany concerning sinking of ' · Lusitania. ' ' 1-fAY 1 4-Insurrection i n Portugal . Resignation of Cabinet. MAY rs-U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission holds that railroads can­ not own steamship lines on Great Lakes. MAY r s-United States sends identical notes to China and Japan regarding her Treaty rights in Japan. MAY IS-Resignation of Lord Fisher, British First Sea Lord. l\.f AY 1 7-Zeppelin raid on Ramsgate. l\-1AY 2 1 -Austrian Foreign :rvtinister sends note to Italian Amhassador in Vienna stating that Austria cannot admit nullification of Triple Alliance as Italy has agreed t o adhere to 1 2 months' notice being given before termination. lv1AY 22-Disaster t o troop train nar Gretna Green, Scotland. 1 5 7 killed. lV!AY 23-Italy declares war on Austria­ Hungary. �fAY 24-Austrian air-raid on Venice. �:lAY 24-Pan-American Financial Con­ gress meets at \Vashington. MAY 2 S -Argentine, Brazil and Chile sign Arbitration Treaty at Buenos Aires. MAY 2s-H .?.LS. " Triumph " sunk off Gallipoli Peninsula by submarine. �fAY 26�Constitution of new Coalition Cabinet announce d i n Gr officially represented at next Imperial Con­ ference. SEPT. 22-Subscriptions to third \Var Loan close in Great Britain. Amount raise d : £6or .soo,ooo. SEPT. 23-Mobilisation of Greek Army begins. SEPT. 2 5 -Greal Allied advance i n France. SEPT. 2S-28-Battle of Loos. SEPT. 27-New Zealand National Registration Bill passed unanimously. SEPT. 28-Capture by British of Kut­ el-Amara. SEPT. 2g---Tropical hurricane in Louisi­ ana and Mississippi kills 549 and causes 12 million dollars damage. SEPT. 29--Terms of U.S. loan of S soo,ooo, ooo to Great Britain and France announced i n Nt'w York. Ocr. 4-Russian ultimatum to Bul� garia demanding \vithdrawal v,dthin 24 hours of German and Austrian officers in Bulgaria. OcT. s-Landing of Allied troops at Salonika. Ocr. s-Dr. Dumba, Austrian Am­ bassador to United States recalled (see Sept. o). OcT. 6-Bulgarian reply to Russian ultimatum. Not considered satis­ factory. Diplomatic r e I a t i o n s broken off. OcT. 9-Austro-German troops occupy Belgrade.

1 1 55

Ocr. 9-Conference of Latin American countries recognises General Car­ ranza as chief of de facto Govern­ ment in !\.lexica. Ocr. r o--U nited States recognises Carranza Government in .l\lexico as from Oct. 19th. Ocr. r r - Bulgarians open hostilities on Serbia at 4 A.M. OcT. I 2 -Negative Greek reply to S�:"rbian appeal for military aid against Bulgaria under Serbo-Greek Treaty of 1 9 1 3 . Ocr. 1 2 -Allies decide t o assist Serbia and uphold Treaty of Bucharest (Aug. IO 1 9 1 3 ) . Ocr. 1 2-Execution o f Edith Cavell at Brussels. Ocr. 13-American Loan Bill re-ceives Ro�.ral Assent in Great Britain. Ocr. 13-Resignation of M. Delcasse, French Foreign 1-finister. OcT. IJ-Air-raid on London. 4I civilians killed. OcT. q-Bulgaria notifies Greece of state of war between her and Serbia as from 8 A.M. OcT. I s-Anglo- French Loan Contract with United States signed. OcT. r s -Great Britain declares war on Bulgaria. Ocr. r6-France declares war on Bulgaria. Ocr. r 8 -General Sir C. C. Monro succeed� General Sir Ian Hamilton as Commandcr of 11cditerranean Expeditionary Force. Ocr. 1 9-Jarmn adheres t o Pact ol London ( see Sept. S 1 9 1 4). Ocr. 19-U.S. recognises G e n . Car­ ranza in 1\lexico. OcT. 19-ltaly declares war on Bul• garia. Ocr. 20-Great Britain declares Article 57 of Declaration of London as no longer binding. Ocr. 20-United Stales declares em­ bargo on export of arms to l\·1 exico, except in territory controlled by Carranza forces. OCT. 23�Parade of 25,000 womPn at New York as demonstration in favour of woman suffrage. OcT. 23-D•·ath of W. G. Grace, English cricketer. Ocr. 26-Andrew Fisher resigns pre­ miership of Australia and becomf's High Commis:-:.ionC'r in London. Succeeded by W. Jv!. Hughes. OcT. 20-General election i n S. Africa. 1\.Hnistcrialists in a mi nority in the House. OcT. 28-Resignation of Viviani 1-linis­ try in France. Briand forms Cabinet Oct. 29. OcT. 28-H.�!.S. " Hythe " sunk i n collision o ff Gallipoli Peninsula. 1 5 0 lives lost. OcT. 29-Memorial service for Edith Cavell held at St. Paul's Cathedral, London. Nov. 2 -Sir F . E. Smith succeeds Sir Edward Carson as Attorney-General in Great Rritain. Nov. 5-Bulgarians capture �ish. Nov. s-1\Iajority of pro\'inCC'S in China vote for establishment of Monarchy with Yuan Shih-Kai as Emperor. Nov. 6-Skouloudis Ministry formed in Greece. Benevolent policy to Allies announced. ., Nov. 7- I t a l ian liner "Ancona tor­ pedoed by Austrian submarine, \vith loss of I 94 1ives. Nov. 12 -Gilbert and Ellice Island� annexed to British Empire at their own rN]UPSt. Nov. 1 2 -Haiti approves treaty with United States creating virtual U.S. protectorate. Kov. 1 2-Greek Parliament dissolved by King. 1'\ov. 13 -Resignation of \Vinston Churchill from British Cabinet. Nov. 1 7- British hospital ship " Anglia'' strikes mine with loss of roo lives. Nov. 22-Battle of Ctesiphon. Defeat of Turks. Nov. 23-Fall of M itrovitza and Prishtina. Serbian Army in retreat towards Albania. Nov. 2..t-sPrbian Go\·ernment mo\·es to Skutari. DEC. r-ltaly adheres to Pact of London. (See Sept. 5 1 9 1 4 · ) DEC. 3-German :"J'aval a n d 1.f i1itary attaches at \Vashington asked to leave United States. DEc. 3-General Townshend reaches Kut-el-Amara after oo-mile retreat. DEc . .t-,\nglo-Frcnch War Conference at Calais. Drrc. g�U .S. note to Austria pro­ testing against sinking of " ...-\ncona." DEc. r o-British withdraw3.1 from Suvla and Anzac (Gallipoli) begins.

CHRONOL OGICAL TABLE OF EVENTS

I IS6

D Ec. I I -General de Castelnau ap­ pointed Chief of Staff i n French Army. DEC. q-Austrian reply to U.S. note of Dec. 9 delivered. DEc. 1 6-Sir Douglas Haig becomes Commander-in-Chief of British forc­ es in France and Flanders. Sir John French created a Viscount and appointed Commander-in-Chief of troops in U . K . D Ec. 19-Second U . S . protest to 10 Austria against sinking of ' · A nco na . D r:c. 20�\Vithdrawal from Anz ac and Suvla (Gallipoli ) completed.

DEc. zo-General de Wet a nd nil others sentenced for high treason, are pardoned. DEc. 2 1 -Lieut-Gen. Sir William Robertson becomes Chief of I mperial General Staff i n GrPat Britain. DEc. 28-British Cabinet agrees upon principle of compulsory service for the arm}'· D rrman l\.linister of �1arine. MAR. 1 7 -StrikP of Hritislt munition workers i n Clyrle area begins. �L-\R. 19-German sea-plane raid over East Ken t . r 1 killPd. JI injurC'd. ::\liAR. 19-Russians capture l s pah an. 1-'lAR- 2o-6s allied aeroplanes bombard Zeebrugge. 1-iAR. 20-Viceroy of India intimates proposed abolition of system of Indian indent ured labour. 1-fAR. 24-B ri tis h cross-channel steam­ er · · sussex ' ' torn{'doed off Dieppe. Many Americans am o ng so pas­ sengers drowned. MAR.

1v1AR.

2-t-GenPral

Sir

A.

1v1urray

appointed to command Briti � h forces in Egypt. MAR. 25-British seaplanes attack German airship sheds in Schleswig­

Holstein.

MAR. 27-First War Conference of all

Allies opened i n Paris. M. Briand presides. IviAR. 29-Three express trains in wreck o n New York Central Railroad at Amherst, 0. 26 killed. MAR. 30-U.S. House of Representa­ tives pa sse s Burnett I mmigration Bill by 308 votes to 87. Bill pro­ hibits admission of i m migrants un­ able to read. :MAR. J t -Z{'ppelin raid on east and north-east counties of E ngl and. 43 ki lled. Zeppel in L r s destroyed. APRIL r -Establishment of l\.linistry of J} lockade in France u nde r Denys Cochin. A P RI L I -Zeppelin raid on north-east coast of England. I7 killed, roo injured. APRIL 2-Powdcr factor y explosion i n Kent, England. 200 casualties. APRIL 3-Great Britain replies to U.S. protest regarding seizure of mail:3 an1l m aintai ns right to examine mails and c onfisc�te packages containing con­ t raband. APRIL 4-Strike of British munit ion workers on C l yde ends {se 1,'[ar. I ? ) . APRIL 6 - Kwa ng- t un g Province, i n­ cluding City of Canton, joins revolt agai nst Yuan Shih-Kai's govf'rn­ ment, i n China. APRIL 9-f;C'rman att acks bf' fore Yer... dun partially successfu l . APRIL ro-Gerrnany disclaims to U.S. gon•rnment a11 TC'spnnsibility for torpedoing of ' ' Sussex. ' '

APRIL r r -Nicaragua ratifies Treaty with United Stales. (S-Vpre s battle: second attack by British. Ave. 2 r -German attack begun on Riga front. AuG. 25-2R-All·Russia C onfe re nce at 11oscow hehl. Au(;. 26-C a pt a i n Laurf'ati flies f ro m T u r i n t o :Kaples and b a c k {Q6o mi les ) without descending, breaking world's flight record. SEPT. 2�Indcfinite postponcmr-nt of Stockholm I nternational Socialist Peace Co nference con vcn e d for Sept. ollt. SEPT. 3-Air-raid over Sheerness-Cha­ tham area. England. I J 2 k illed , 96 inj url•d-rnost ly naval ra tings. SEPT. 3 -Russians evacuate Riga. SEPT. 4 - British Tradl's Union Con· gress vetoes furthr-r consideration of Stockholm Conff·rence. SEPT. 6-\Var Loan B i ll to raise £Ro.­ ooo,ooo i ntro d uced b y Australian Government. SEPT. 8 -GcnPral Kornilov dismissed from post of Russian C . in C . marches o n Petrograd. SEPT. 8-Allirs agree t o postponeme-nt of Chinese Boxer indemnity pay� ments for 5 years. SEPT. 9-Painleve Cabinet formed i n France. SEPT. 9-Cnited Stales publishes Lux­ burg disclosures re German Legation at lluenos Aires. SEPT. 1 2-1\rgentine Govt. hands pass­ ports t o Count Luxhurg, German 1\Ii nister at Buenos Airr-s. SEPT. 1 5 -Ru ssi a n Republic under 1\.I. Kerenskv decl ared. SEPT. 2o_:Central span of Quebec Bridge placC'rl in position. SEPT. 20-Parl iament ary franchise ex­ tended to women i n Canada. SEPT. 2.�-.\ir-raid over southeast coa5t of England and London. 2 r kill ed ; 70 inj urC'd. SEPT. 2 5-Senate High Court of Im­ peachment, Texas, rr-moves James L. Ferguson as Governor. SEPT. 27�Terms of new loan iss ue called National \Var Bo nd s an­ nouncC'd i n Engl and. SEPT. 29-0cr. 1 -l lostilc aeroplanes attack London di:-trict 3 nights in T ota l casualtif'S 39 succC'ssion. killl'd, 166 injured. Ocr. r-\'iolcnt t y phoon O\'C'f T o kyo . Serious damage' to rice crops. Heavy d('at h toll. IOO,ooo homdC'ss. Ocr. 3 -Sir \V. Laurier an nou nces resignation of leadership of Canadian Li beral p art y. Ocr. 5 -Sir .\rthur Lee presents estate of CllC'(}Uers as official country residenc(' for Prime 1\. l i nisters. Ocr. s -C ritical situation between Germanv and A rge nt i na O\Tr Lux­ burg incident. (See Sept. 9 · )

JuLY zo-E.

1917-1918

CHRONOLOGICAL TABL E OF EVENTS

7-�I. Kerensky forms Coalition Government in Russia.

Ocr.

OcT. 8 -Severc floods in China cause

grcateBt devastation ever recorded. 9-Death of Husein Kemal, r s t Sultan of Egypt : succeeded b y Prince Ahmed Fuad. OcT. 1 2-Count Luxburg interned by Argentina. (See Sept. 1 2 . ) Ocr. 1 2 -Sir R . L . Borden forms Coalition Government in Canada. OcT. r 8-Termination of suspension of Spanish constitutional guarantees. (See J une 2 5 . ) OcT. r8-British Govt. accepts statue of Abraham Lincoln as gift from peo­ ple of the United States. Ocr. 2 I -Fall of Gorizia. Ocr. 2 2 -Sodct (Russian \Vorkmen's and Soldiers· delegates) meeting passes resolution to propose imme­ diate armistice to all nations. OcT. 22-Trans-Australian Railway ( Kalgoorlic to Port Augusta) opened for traffic. Ocr. 23-Great French victory on the Aisne. OcT. 24-Austro-German attack breaks through &>cond I tali an Army. Italian rout. Ocr. 26-Brazil declares war on Ger­ many'. OcT. 28-Signor Orlando becomes Ital­ ian Premie-r. Baron Sonnino bec01nes Foreign l\Iinister. OcT. 30-Italian retreat to River Tag­ liamentu. Ocr. 30-Resignation of Herr lvlichael­ is, (�Nman Chancellor. Count Von Hertling succeeds on Nov. r . �ov. 1-French success o n Aisne. Ger­ man retreat on 1 2-mile front. Nov. 2-Publication of American­ Japanese agreement o n their respec­ _tivc interests in China. Nov. 2 -Balfour declaration regarding Palestine. Nov. 3--+-French and British troops arrive in llaly to stem Italian retreat on Tagli::l r nento. Nov. 3-U.S. troops have their first engagPment with Germans. Nov. 4-Franco- British mission to ltaly concl·Tning ltalian retreat and unification of Allied command. Nov. 5-{;eneral J\laude defeats Turks at Tekrit. Nov. 6-Canadians capture Passchcn­ daele Ridge. Nov. 6-J ohn F. Hylan elected �Iayor of New York City, together with entire Tammany ticket. Nov. 7-Lenin's coup d'Ctat at Petro­ graci against Kcrensky. Nov. 8-i':obel Prize for literature for 1 9 1 7 divided between Danish author� Karl Gje!lerup and llenrik Pontop­ pidan. Nov. 8-:VI. Lenin becomes Chief of • · Commissaries of People " in Russia. 11. Trotsky' Foreign I\I inister. Proclamation of new Russian policy includes offer of immediate demo­ cratic peace. Flight of Kerensky. Nov. 8-Colonel House's mission ar­ rives i n London from Cnited Statrs. Nov. 9 -Rapallo Conference decides on formation of Supreme Allied \Var Council. Nov. r r-Italians fall back to River Piave. Nov. 13-Count Luxburg released b y Argentine Govt . ; to sail for Am­ sterdam. (See Sept. 12, Oct. > 2 .) Nov. IJ-:..1 . Kerensky defeated by Bolsheviks at Tsarkoe-&:lo. Nov. q-General Villa revolts against Carranza in I\lexico. Nov. I4-Italian stand frmn Trentino to middle Piave. Nov. I S-Heavy fighting begun on Asiago Plateau and between Upper Brenta and Piave rivers. Nov. I6-Clemenceau Cabinet formed in France. Nov. I 8 -Death of Sir Stanley Maude i n 1-lesopotamia. Nov. 20-Surprise British advance at Cambrai. Nov. 20-Ukrainian RPpublic pro­ claimed. M . Golubovitch chosen President. Nov. 2-f----General M arshall " succeeds late General :Maude in I\1esopotamian command. Kov. 25-DEc. 4-British driven back after thPir advance at Cambrai. Nov. 28-PPtrograd Soviet notifies Central Powers of its readiness for armistice and peace. Nov. 29-Supreme Allied \Var Council inaugurated at VPrsaillPs. DEc. I -German East Africa cleared of German troops. DEc. 2-1\ieeting openPd at Brest­ Litovsk betwcPn German and Rus­ sian peace delegates.

OcT.

DEC. 3-Bulgaria declares rPadincss to negotiate war settlement with Allies. DEc. 4-Kew Quebec Bridge opened for traffic. DEC. 5-EldH-OPmpstcrlincr ' " .\papa" torpedoed and sunk. So Ii"'-·cs lost. DEc. 5-German-Russian dekgatcs at Brest-Litovsk sign armistice for 7 days from DL�c. 7· DEC. 6-Finnish Republic proclaimed. DEC. 6-Explosion of 3,000 tons of high explosh-es kills 1 5 0, seriously inj ures 4,000 i n HaJifax, N.S., and neighbourhood. Great property loss. DEc. 7 -United States declares war o n Austria- I I u ngary. DEc. 9-Central Powers and Rumania sign Armistice at Foscani. DEc. 9-Turks surrender Jerusalem to Sir E. Allenbv. DEC. ro-1'\obel Peace Prize for 1 9 1 7 awarded to I nternational Red Cross Committee of Geneva. DEc. I I -Entry of General Allenby in­ to Jerusalem. at concluded DEc. I s -Armistice Brest-Litovsk het\veen Central Pow­ ers and revolutionary government of Russia for one month from Dec. 1 7 . DEc. 1 7-Canadian General Elrction: victory for Unionists, Sir R. Borden Premier. DEc. 19-Ukrainian Republic demands recognition. DEc. 19-Republic of Caucasus pro­ claims autonomy. DEc. 20-Sccond Australian Refercndum on conscription. �lajority against 200,000. DEC. 2 1-Peace negotiations opened at Brest-Litovsk between Russia and Central PowC"rs. DEc. 22-l ! . l\ ! . armed boarding steam­ er ' · Stephen Furness ' ' torpedoed in Irish Channel. I O I liYes lost. DEc. 28-Brest-Litovsk Conference adjourned till Jan. 5 1 9 1 8. DEC. 28-Bessarabia declares in­ O.ependcnce as 1Ioldavian Republic. DEc. 28-Estonia proclaims her in­ dependPncc. DEc. z8-U.S. Government a�sumes control of Railroads, \V. G. McAdoo becoming director-gennal. DEc. 29-Guatemala City virtually destroyed Uy earthquake. DEC. 3 1-Canadian Prohibition Law comes into force.

1918

JAN. r -rPat fire a t Norfolk, Va.

_].\X.

z-Sum nLlT�' of contldcnlial re­ port of Colonel House's mission to l�n·at Britain and France, pub­ Jished at \Vashington. ]Ax. 4-Russia recognises independence of Finland. ]A>!. -+-British Red Cross ship ' · Rewa · · sunk in Brit ish Channd. recognises inde]A�. 5-Sweden pcessary for world rwacP. ]A:--i. I 2 -Explosion at Podmore Hall Colliery, Staffs., England. 155 men killed. ]A>�. q-Arrest of M. Caillaux, former Prime 1\linister of France, on charge of trc>ason. ]A"· q-Bombardment of Yarmouth by German ships. ]AN. r 6-SecrC't correspondence be­ twepn Von Bernstorff and B�. 20-Naval battle at entrance to Dardanelles. " Bresla u " sunk. ' · Gee­ ben ' ' badly damaged. )AN. 2 r-Sir Edward Carson resigns fron1 British \Var Cabinet. ]A!'{. 2 1 - H . I\.L armed boarding steamC'r ' ' Louvai n ' ' torpe1loed and sunk i n 1\fediterranean. 7 officers and 2 I 7 me-n lost. ]Ax. 24-GC'rman Chancdlor repliPs to British and ..\merican peace terms i n speech before !\lain Committee o f Reichstag. ]AN. 24-1\fine explosion at Stellarton, :'\�'ova Scotia; 89 deaths. )AN. 24-SpPf'Ch by Count CzPrnin making dPtaikd rPp]y to President Wilson's peace proposals.

2 7-Sovi('t Russia dPnounces Anglo-Russian Treaty of 1907.

]AN.

]AN. 28-Aeroplane raid on London. 67 killed; 166 injured.

)A�. 3o--Agreement reaclH'd bet\veen

United Statf's and Great Britain, making draft laws applicable to aliens. FEB. s -Russian Soviet issues decree f:.(•parating C hurch from State. FEB. s-.\nchor liner ' ' Tuscania u carrying U.S. troops, torpedoed off Irish coast. r66 lives lost. FEB. 6-British � l i litary Service Bill receives Royal :\ssent. FEB. 6-German ultimatum to Ruma­ nia. Feb. o-- Peace signed between Central States and the Ukraine at Brest­ Litovsk. FEB. r o-PresidPnt of Russian delega­ tion at Brest-Litovsk declares end of state of war with Central Powers. No formal Peace Treaty signed. FEn. ro--Lord Bcaverbrook appointed .1\linister in Charge of Propaganda i n Great Britain. FEn. I I -U.S. President's addrrss to Congress restating war aims and laying down four principles for peace. FEn. 14-Bolo Pasha and his lta1ian confl'derate Cavallini condemned to death in Paris for high treason. FEB. 14-Fire at orphanage and hospital, M ontreal. so children killed. FEn. Is-u.s. President issues proc­ lamation making all foreign trade subject to Government Control under a license system. F·En. I6-Gcnr-ral Sir Henry \Vilson becomes Chief of J m perial Staff in Grc·at Britain. FEB. 1 �-Dover bombarded by enemy submarine. FER. r 6- r ? -Air raids on London. 2 r killed. FEB. I 8-Lord Northcliffe appointed British Director of Propaganda in enemy countries. FEn. r 8 -Hostilitif's re-opened between Germany and Russia. FEn. 19-U.S. President signs Day­ light Saving Bill. FEB. rg-Prince of \Vales takes his seat in House of Lords. FEn. 20-23-lnter-:\llied Lahour and SociaH�t Conference in London. FEn. 2 r - British troops occupy ]Nicho. FEB. 24-Steamer · · Florizcl · • goes ashore at Cape Race. I02 lives lost. FEB. 2 5-Rationing of meat, butter and margarine comC's into force i n London and Horne Counties. FEn. 26-H."I. hospital ship " \,Ienart Castl e . , sunk in Bristol Channel. r62 lives lost. FED. 28-Sir G. Cave declares i n Briti:;h House o f Commons that .1\.L Litvinoff, Bolshevist Ambassador to London, is not an ambassador of any recognised government. .1\.fARCH r -Anned mercantile cruiser ' ' Calgarian " sunk by GPrman sub­ marine off Irish coast. 66 l i \'es lost. 1 .1\.-!ARCII 2-Rumania accepts df•mands of CPntral Powers as basis of peace negotiations. MARCil 3-Treaty of Peace between Ccntral Powers and Bolshevist Go\·ernmcnt of Russia signed at Brest-Litovsk. :11ARCH s-Preliminary Peace Treaty signed between Rumania and Central Powers. :11ARCH 7-Treaty of J1('ace signed bct\veen Germany and Finland. 1-1ARCH 7-Entc·nte note sPnt to Holland demanding usc of Dutch shipping i n Allicrl ports. MARCH 8-Resignation of M. Trotzky, Russian Foreign 1\.·t inister. Succeeded bv I\.1. Tchitcherin. 1-1ARcH g-Sf'at of Russian Govern­ ment transferred from Petrograd to :!\1oscow. MARCil r r-U.S. Senate votes to authorise Govcrnmf'nt to sell Ger­ man property in UnitPd States. 1L-\RCH I I-Price of London Times rat sed to 3d. 1-IARCH I r-Congress of Russian Soviets at I\ lo�cow ratifies Treaty of PPace with Central Powers. (See March J . ) :1\.·I ARCH 1 3 -German a n d Austrian troops occu flY Odessa. �lARCH I s-Explosion i n Cournctl\'C district, near Paris. 30 killed; I ,sao injured. J\.IARCH I 8-AlliedPremiers ancl Foreign 1\finisters at · Landow refuse to acknowledge Treaty bf'tween Russia and Central Powr-rs of l'vlarch J . 1\.fA RCII 1 9 -�C'w · · Curfew '' regulations announced i n Great llritain.

1 1 59

MARCH 2--Sir Robert Borden in; traduces Bill in Canadian House of Commons for en franc hbwmf'nt of women, except those married to PnPmy aliens . .1\.i AI-lCH 20-U.S. PrpsidC'nt issuPs proclamation directing seizure (with compensation ) and utilisation of Dutch vessC'ls in U.S. ports. J\-IARCII 2 I -U.S. President signs Bill bringing railways under government control until 2 I months after end of \Var. MARCH 2 1-Second battle of t h e Somme begins. .1\.-IARCH 23-Germans shell Paris with gun from distance of 75 miles. MARCH 24-Violent earthquake in P�rugia, Italy. .1\.fARCH 24-25-Germans occupy Pe­ ronne and Bapaumc. MARCH 25-27-Inter-Allied Conference on Food Supplies held in Paris. 1-1ARCH 29-Germany ratifies Brest­ Litovsk treaty with Russia. Turk{'Y ratifies treaties of pPace with Russia and Ukraine. A-lARCH 29-7 5 deaths in Paris church o n Good Friday by explosion of shl'il from German long-range gun. �1ARCH 29--General Foch made grn­ erali��imo of Allied armies in France. APRIL r - Royal Air Force formed i n Great Britain. APRIL r-Control of Quebec City taken over hy troops owing to riots in connC'ction with working of .1\--iilitary Service Act. APRIL 3-Third Liberty Loan launched in Cnited States. APRlL 5-Final mPrting of Irish Con­ vention held at Dublin. APRIL 8-r o---C onference held i n Rome­ b).t rpprps(•ntatives of Czechoslo­ vaks, Rumanians, Y ugoslavs and Jloles. Italian, French, British and American representatives present. APRIL 9-Bessarabian National As­ sembly votes for union with Ru­ mania. APRIL Q-29-Battle of the Lys. APRIL 1 2-C harlcs M. Schwab ap­ pointed Director-GPneral of U.S. Emergency Steel Corporation. APRIL 1 3 --Report of the Irish Con. \Tnt ion published. APRIL I4-Turks occupy Bat urn. APRIL I-t-British and French Gon.�rn­ rnents agree to General Foch being entitled C. in C. of AJlied ArmiPs in France. APRIL 14--Germans occupy He1sing­ fors, Finland, Bolshevik Go\·t. ltadng withdrawn. APRIL 1 5-Resign�tion of Count Czernin, Austrian Foreign 1\Iinister. SuccC'cded by Baron Burian. APRIL 1 7-Execution of Bulo Pasha (see Feb. 1 4 ) . APRIL r 8-British 11ilitary &rvice (�Ian-Powe r ) Bill receives Ro1•al Assent. APRIL 19-Following appointments made in Great Britain: Viscount 1\lilner, as &crC'tary of State for \Var; Au�ten Chamberlain as a memUer of the War Cabinet. APRIL 2 1 - Baron 1\..fanfrierl von Richt­ hofen, famous German aviator, killed over British lines. APRIL 2 2 - Blocking of entrance to Bruges Canal at Zee:brugge by sinking o f two British cruisers laden with concrete. APRIL 29-End of great German offen· sive on \Vestern Front. MAY I-U.S. troops join A miens front. I\1A Y I -Arrangf'ment arrived at for exchange of FrC'nch and German prisoners through Switzc>rland. MAY r-Opening of Fifth Inter­ Allied \Var Council i n France. MAY s-F. M . Viscount French ap­ pointed Lord- Lieutenant of lreland, succePding Lord \Vimborn(• (n·signed ). MAY 7-Tr�aty of Peace signed at Bukarest between Rumania and four Powers, supplementing Central agreement of :March 5. .. MAY r o-l ! .M . S. Vindictive "' sunk across e ntrance of Ostend Harbour in ord('r to block it. J\.IAY I 2 ·-Gennan and Austrian Em� perors mee"t at German 1\·f a i n Head­ quarters and arrange new A ustro­ German alliance. MAY 14-Death of James onion Bennt'tt, proprietor of New York llerald, etc. MAY 1 4-U .S. House of Rnsion of passive resist ance in l ml i a . APRIL 19-First non-stop flight be­ t\z.;·ecn Chicago and New York made by Capt. E. F. White. APRIL 20-�fontenegrin Sh u pshtina pronouncc>s dethronement of King: I\'icolas and votes for union with Scrb-Croat-Slo\'ene Kingdom. APRIL 2 I - Rum an i a n advance in Hungary begins. APRIL 22-United States recognisP�

British Protectorate ovE'r Egypt.

APRIL 23-Eight-hour Labour B i l l bPcomes l a w in France. APRIL 23-1Iexican Departmpnt oi Foreig n Relations announces that Government will n ot fl.'Cognise I\-lonroe Doctrine. APRIL 23-Bolsheviks invade Bessa­ rabia. APRIL 25-Australian and Nc>w Z0ala n d troops march through London. APRIL 26-U . S . naval seaplane ff'­ m a i n s i n air for 20 hours at SJ)('Pd of 60 m.p.h. b reaki n g all rPcords for endntanc� flights.

APRIL 28 -Rev ised Covenant of Leaguf'" of Kations adopted at sth Plenary Sess io n of Peace Co nfere nce . APRIL 28-29-ArrivaJ in Paris of German delegates to Peace Con­ ference. APRIL 3o-Council of Three at P�acP Conference gives Shantung agfl'P­ ment in favour of 1 ap an . MAY I -G rea t Strike in \Vi n n i pc> g begi ns. 11AY r-lviunich captured by troops of Bavarian Government. MAY 3-12 ,000 Dominion troops march through London. AL-\Y s-Offi.cial statement ft:>gard i n g Shantung issuPd by J a pan ese dde­ gate at Peace Confcrpnce. l'v1AY 0- Bri t is h Government recognisf's de j u re i ndepend ence of Fin l a n d . 1v1A Y 6-Peacc ConferC'nCe scttiC'S question of disposal of Ge rm a n �o\on\\"3.

7-Chin�se delegate at Peace Conference instructed not to si g n Treaty owing to Shantung Clause. 1\.-IAY 7-Peace terms presented t o Ge rm an delegates a t Versaille s by A1lied and Associate Powers. 1-fAY 8-End of Ru m a ni an advance in H u ngary (see April 2 1 ). l\.1A y 8 -Germ an protest against Peace Terms. MAY 8-Armed bodies of Afghans cross N.\V. Indian frontic>r. 1\1AY 13-British troops cross Afghan border and occupy Dakka fort. 1\.-IAv r 4-Au str ia n Peace dcleg:ates arrive in Paris . MAY q-Sir D. Haig inetalkd a s Lord Rector of St. A n drews Un ive rs ity , Scot l a nd. J\.-I A Y I 5 -G ree k troops land at �myrna. J\.1AY 1 7-U.S. se apl an e r\C4 fl•aclws A zores, after flight of IS hours, 1 8 MAY

m\n. from Ne-wfound\and.

Parlerewski resigns prf'­ miership of Poland. !1AY r 8 - Er u ption of volcano of Kalt1t, Java. S , I oo deaths. !\'lAY 2 1 -�fohamed Said Paslia form.� m inistry in Egypt. 11A Y 22-Gc rm a n t roops re-occupy Riga. MAY 22-Reply of Ailies to German protest of M ay 8. 1\fA Y 2 -t � B ritis h aerop1anes bomb fort at Kabul. 1\1AY r R-1\-f.

I I 62

CHRONOLOGICAL TABL E OF EVENTS

MAY 2 4- Fre nch a\•iator, Roget, flies from Paris to Rabat, Morocco.

MAY 2 5-Risi ng in Kurdistan. Cap­ ture of British office rs. MAY 2 5-Announcement that United States would keep all Ge rm a n ships seized in her ports. MAY 27-U.S. seaplane NC4 arrives

at Lisbon completing first Atlantic crossing by air. MAY 27 -Russi a recognises sovereign rights of Afghanistan. MAY 29-Tot a l ecli pse of the sun, track of totality crossing S. America and Africa. MAY 29-German Government makes counter-proposals to Allied Pe ace Terms . MAY 29 -Announcement that oil had been struck at Chesterfiel d , England. MAY 3 0-Belgo- B rfti sh Agreement re­ garding t ransfer to Belgiu m of part of German S. W. Africa. ]UNE 2-Draft peace terms presented to Austrian delegates at Paris. ]UN!< 2-De jure recognition of Serb­ Croat-Slovene Kingdom by Gre at Britain. ]UNE 3-British reinforcem en ts reach Archangel. ]UNE 4-U.S. Senate adopts woman­ suffrage amendment to Co n st ituti on. ]UNE 4-Derby won by Lord G lanel y's ' · Grand Parade . " ]UNE 5-Powder explosion in coal mi ne at Wilkes- Barre, Pa. 90 deaths. JuNE 6-Fi nla nd declares war on Bolshevist Russia . JUNE 6-De j ure recogni ti o n of Serb­ Croat-Slovene Kingdom by France . ]UNE 7-French aviator, Casale, makes new height record, J J , l OO ft. JUNE 7-Second Pan-American Com­ mercial Congress at \Vashington. ]UNE 8-Nicaragua asks U.S. for troops to protect her from Costa Ri ca . ]UNE r o-Protest of .\ ustrian delegates to Peace Conference against Peace

Terms. JUNE r o-Resolution introduced in U.S. Senate by Senator Knox laying down conditions on which Peace Treaty wo ul d be acceptable, separa­ tion of League Covenant being one. ]U�E 13-Great demonstration in support of Lea�ue of Nalions held at the Albert Hall, London.

JUNE 13-,\ nnou ncement of t erms of new Govern ment Loan (Victory Loan) in Great Britain. ]UNE q-rs-Daily :11"il pri ze of £ Io,ooo won by Captain Alcock and Lieut. \VhittPn Brown, who cross Atla nt ic from Newfoundland to Clifden, Ireland, in r6 hours, l2 min. JUNE 15-U.S. troop3 cross Mexican border to protect El Paso, Texas , during fighting b et wee n Vi ll a and C a rranza forces. Jm;E r s -End of Winnipeg strike (see May I ) .

j mm

I 6-.\Hies'

counter-proposals

rr·ply

(see

presented. jUNE I 9 -Convocation

to

German

May

29)

at Oxford University reject proposal to abol ish

compulsory Greek in Responsions examination. ]U:sc Parliament passes Bill decl ar ing state of war with

Germany at a n end. AuG. r-Dverthrow of Bela Kun and Socialist regime i n Hungary. AuG. 2-Airplane from Ve nice to M ilan falls from height of 3 , 000 ft . rs deaths. AuG. 2 - r . Soo I ndian Army troops march t hrou gh Lon don.

I s -Prince of Wales lands i n Canada. AuG. r 6 -Dec isi on to organise Coal

AUG.

Controller's

department

on

per­

mane nt basis announced. AuG. I6-King of Spa i n signs Jaw authorising acceptance of League of

Nations and Labour sections of Peace Treaty. AUG. r8-Two R uss i an battleships sun k in Gulf of Finla nd by British Naval Force. AuG. 2 r -Pri nce of \Vale s at Quebec. AuG. zz-Q uc bec Bridge opened by Pri nce of \Vales. At:G. 2 2 - B reak up of Coali tion CabinPt i n New Zealand. Resigna­ tion of Sir Joseph Ward .

AuG. 23-Archduke Joseph relinQuishes authority in H ungary on demand of Allies. AuG. 23 -Foteig n Relations Committee of

Unitcd

States

Senate

rejects

Shantung Clause of Peace Treaty. AcG. 25-Daily London to Paris air service i nau gurat ed . AuG. 2 6-P r i nce of \Vales at Toronto. AuG. 26-Belgian Senate ratifies Peace Treat}·. AuG 2 8- Resi gnat ion of Dr. Paul Reinsch, American :Minister to China. At:G. 28-Prince of \'ilal es at Ottawa. At:G. 30-H.I\L destroyer ' ' Vittoria " sunk by torpedo in Balti c Sea. AuG. 3 o-Ge n eral Smuts agrees t o form new .I\1 inistry in S. Africa. AuG.

30-Anglo-Russian successes in

N. Ru:;sia. AuG. 30 -Se n at or Knox denounces Peace Treaty in U . S. Senate and declares for separate pe ace wit h Germany. AuG. 3 r -Press censorship abolished i n Ireland. SEPT. r -Price

of

quartern

Great Britain raised to gJ;; d.

loaf

in

SEPT. r-Prince of \Vales lays cor ner­ stone of new Houses of Parli ame nt at Ottawa. SEPT. 2-General Denikin's forces enter Kiev. SEPT.2-Prince of 'Vales at :\'fontreal. SEPT. 2-c'kw Zealand Parliament rat i fies Peace Treaty·. SEPT• .t-Pre::; i ( ien t \Vilson opens tour in Wester n United States o n behalf of Peace Treaty. SEPT. s-ForPig:n Relations Committee of U.S. Senate retu r n s Peace Treaty to Senate with 4 amendments and various reser vat ions. and South r o- I 2-C anada SEPT. Afri ca ratify Peace Treaty. SEPT. r o-All ied and Associated Powers si gn treaty of peace with Austria a t St. Germain-en-Laye. SEPT. 1 2 -ftalian force , under Signor d' .:\ n n u nzio , e n te rs Fi u m l:' . SEPT. I -1.-l i u rricanc and tidal wave at Corpus Christi, Texas. More than 300 dt•aths. SEPT. r s-Fire at Brookh·n. New York , owing to explosion of oil tanks. £JOO,OOO damage. SEPT. r 8 -New World's altitude record

established by Roland Rohlfs, near l':ew York (J.f,6ro feet ) . SEPT. I9-Australian House of Rep­ resent at ives ratify P e ac e Treaty. SEPT. 20-Sinn Fein newspaper offices in Dublin raided by po l ice and military. SEPT. 22-Strike of 28.\,000 steel­

AuG.

workers at Pittsburgh and other U.S. t ow n s . SEPT. 23 -:\ n nou ncemr n t of form at i on of mission under Lord .I\Iilner to pro­ cee d to Egypt to enquire into dis­ or ders . SEPT. 2 .[-De facto recogn i t ion of L it hu ani an Government by Great

Cabinet. Archduke Joseph becomes ' ' state governor . ' ' AuG. 7-Announcement of sinking of Bol s hevi k submarine · ' Ersh ' ' by British dest royers . Auc. 8-Peace sign('d between Gover n­ ment of I nd ia ami Afghan ist an. AuG. 8-U.S. SP nate orders investiga­ tion of }.-fexican outrages on U.S.

SEPT. 25-Supreme Council of Peace C o n fc-rPnC� grants sovereignty over Spitzbergen to N onvaj.'. SEPT. 2 6- l ll ness of Pre si de nt \Vilson compt:'ls him to abandon tour (see Sept. 4 ) . S EPT. 2 7- B ri tish tr oops evacuat e British Naval base Archangel. closed . SEPT. 30-U .S. President nominates Brand Whitlock as firs t Ambassador

AuG. 4-Rumanians enter Budapest. AuG. s-7-W. L. :\IacKenzie King

elect ed leader of Liberal Party in C a nad a. s-Pri nce of \Vales leaves England in H . M .S. " Renown " for Ca nad a and United States. AuG. 6 -Fa ll of Hungarian Provisional

citizens and property.

AuG. 9-A nglo- Pers ia n A g r e e m e n t

signed at Teheran. (Denounced by Persian 1\-lejliss in J u n e ro2 r . ) AuG. t o -Anglo-Russian forces defe at Bolsheviks on �- Dvina r iver . Auc. r o - Treat y of S C vre s signed. AUG. r r -Oeath of A nd rpw CarnPgie. AUG. t4 -Ncw c ons tit u ti o n of Bavaria comes into being. Aur;. I S -Lord Lee of Fare-ham ap­ pointed President of Rortrd of .:\��ri­ c ulturc in Great Britain and Sir Eric Ged d e s , 1Iinister of Transport.

Britain.

to BI. 8-Bolshevists defeat Admiral Koltchak at Krasnoyarsk. Collapse of Koltchak opposition. ]AN. 8-Lieuts. Parer and M c i n tosh leave 1-Iou nslow, England, o n aero­ plane flight to Australia. JA>�. 8-r 6-Supreme Allied Council meets in Paris. ]AN. I o-Ratifications of Treaty of Versailles exchanged in Paris by Allies and Germany. \Var between Allies and Germany end:;. I\I an­ datory system comes into effPctivf' legal being. Covenant of League of Nations comes into forcP. ]AN. ro-Eupen and Ilfalm�- 27�- N . Barnes resigns from British Cabinet. ]AS. 28-Turkish National Pact of Angora signed at Constantinople. ]A>I. 29-Henry P. Fletcher, U.S. Ambassador t o 1fexico. resigns. FEB. I -Soviet Russia authori�es Central Union of Rus-sian co-opera4 tives to resume commerce with Allies. FEB. 2-Estonian-Russian ppace treaty signPd at Dorpat. Estonia declared independent.

FEB. s-Severe blizzard sweeps Mass.,

N.Y. and New jersey shores with great consequent damage. FEB. 7-Admiral Koltchak murdered at Irkutsk by Bolshevists. FEB. 8-Bolshevist troops capture Odessa. FEn. 9-Treaty signed in Paris bet wren Allies and Norway ceding Spitz­ bergen to Norway. FEB. r o�Plebiscite in Schleswig north­ ern zone favours Denmark. FEB. 13-Robcrt Lansing, U.S. Sec­ retary of State, resigns. FEB. 13-Switzerland admitted to League of Kations (with neutrality reservations). FEn. q-.\llies request Netherlands Government to intern ex- Kaiser Wilhelm I I . (see Jan. 23 ). FEB. 19-Grand Trunk R.1ilway share4 holders ratify agreement for sale of Grand Trunk Railway to Canadian Government. FEB. 20-Rear Admiral R. E. Peary, U.S.N., died a t Washington, D . C . F E B . 2-1--Charles R. Crane appointed U.S. 1\linistcr to China. FEn. 25-Bainbridge Colby appointed U.S. Secretary of State (see Feb. I J ) . FEB. 26-Russian Soviet Government sends new peace off�._-.r to Allies. FER. 2 7-Decree filed in the District of Columbia Supreme Court compelling the packers to abstain from all business not directly relating t o the packing of meat. Affects 8 7 cor­ porations. FEB. 27-Maior R. W. Schroeder, at McCook Field, Dayton, Ohio, es­ tablishes new world ' s record for aeroplane altitude, 36,020 feet. FEB. 2 7-LloJrd George announces i n British House o f Commons Allies' decision to allow Turkey to keep Con,stantinople. Dardanelles t o be under international control. FEB. zo-Czechoslovakian Constitu­ tion aUoptl·d. M.\RCH r-Astine to Great Britain, Syria and Lebanon to France. APRIL 2 7-James Larkin convicted a t New York o f having attempted t o overthrow t h e U.S. Govern.ment. SentencPd to S years imprisonment. l\·L\Y 5-SC'cretary \Vil;;on rules that Communist J .abour Party of America does not come within the scope of the DC' portal ion Laws. 1\IA Y ?-Chinese consortium loan com4 ph·tpd by acceptance of terms b).' Japan. 11.-\Y 7-�texican rcvolntionaries oc­ c u py' J\!cxico City. Flight of Presi­

MARCH

dt•nt Carranza. I\L\v 8-Polcs and Kiev.

Ukrainians enter

1\.L\Y I I -Statute admitting \VOmcn t o

degrC'es a t Oxford University passed by Con\·ocation. IJ-Soci�listic National Con­ vention at ='JC'W York nominates E. V. Debs for Presiclpntt. �lAY I .t-Prince of \ValPs arrives at Christ Church. New Zealand. 1\IAY r s-1 7-,\ lli e d Conference at l l ythe, Kent. Jo.hY I5 -U.S. Senate passes Knox pr-ace rpsol ution terminating state of war ,vi t h Germany. 1lAY r 6-Plebisdte in Switzt:>rlanrl rPsults in favour of Switzerland's entry into Lpague of Nations. �lAY 1 7-French evacuate Frankfurt anr!. occupied towns in Ruhr (see April 6 ) . 1 1 AY 2 r��l unier of GenPral Carranza, PrC'sident of ).lexica, by revolrrtion­ aries, near Tlaxcaltcnango, Puehla. MAY 2 1 -U.S. House of Representa­ tives pa�ses Knox pc"ace resolution terminating state of war with

�·l AY

Germany. MAY 2 5 -.\dolfo de Ia Huerta elected provLdon:tl Prr-sident of :!\lexica.

�lAY 26-Jssue of Huntr-r Committee

Report on riots at Amritzar, Punjab, in t!)IQ. General Dyer censured and retired. 1lAv 26�Prince of \Vales arrives in �l0lhourne. Anstralia. I\'IAY 27-U.S. Presidf'nt vetoPs peace Tf'solutions of Senate anrl House of Representatives trminating state of \var with Germanv. 11:A v 2 7-1\L Krassin. Soviet Govern­ ment ddegatP, arrives in London. 1·1 AY J I -Openin� of Trarle C'onfC'rence at Ottawa bPtwPPn Canadian and \Vest Indian Governmf'nts. ]U!'l!:!: r-New postag�._.. rates in GrPat Britain i n force. Letter rate raisrd from I !1! d . to 2rl. jUNE 2-The Derhy won at Ep,om hy Captain G . Loder's '· Spion Kop." jUNE 4-Trea t y of Peace betwf'Pn Allies and I I u ngary signed at the Trianon, Versailles. Ju>�E 7-U.S. Supreme Court declares Federal Proh ibition Amendmss. ]Ax. s-Death of Sir Ernest Shackleton i n the " Quest ·• off Soutl1 Georgia. ]AX. 6-I2-Cannes Conference held. ]AX. 7-Dail Eireann votes approval of Treaty between Great Britain and Ireland. ]AN. S-Elections to Vilna Parliament result in large majority for union with Poland. ]AN. 9-Dail Eireann defeats (by ma­ jority of 2) the motion for re-election of De Valera as President. ]AN. Io-Arthur Griffith elected head of provisional government of South­ ern Ireland. ]AN. IO-Strike in Rand gold minPS, S. Africa, begins. Over 20, 000 men affected. ]AN. 1 2-King George V. grants genrral amnesty for offences committed in Ireland before truce of July· II 1 9 2 1 . ]AN. I 2-Resignation o f 1 1 . Hriand, Prime l\-l inistC"r of France, as result of hostility towards his attitude at Cannes. ]AN. I 2-U.S. Senate decides T. H . Newberry· o f 11ichigan i s entitled to his seat. ]AN. 13-Prince of \Vales arrives at 1Iadras. ]AN. I5-Dail Eireann ratifies Treaty bel\vecn Great Britain and Ireland. Provisional GovC'rnment formed un­ (kr 1lichael Collin::';. ]AN. I s-Poincare 1linistry formed in France. ]AN. I 7-Secretary Hughes suggests an International Board of Reference at PPkin to maintain open door for China. ]AN. IS-Guatemala withdraws from Central American Union. ]AX. IS-Germany pays first amount due under agreement Cannes ( £ I .soo,ooo). ]A�. I9-Unionists of South and \Vf'st l reland decide to support Provisional Go\'ernmPnt. ]Ax. 2 I -PresidPntial decree issued in 1\lexico abolishing passports for U.S. citizens. ]AX. 22-Denth of Pope' BPnedict XV. ]AN. 26-L-egislativc Council of South­ t>rn Rhodesia accepts draft constitu­ tion conferring self-government on the country. ]AX. 26-.\merican "1\.farines at Cama­ guay, Cuba. ordered to ·withdraw. ]AX. 28-About I 2 0 person> killed as the result of collapse of roof of Knickerbocker Theatre, \Vashington. ]AN. J I -C".S. Senate passes Foreign Debt Refunding Bill. FEB. I-\Vashington Conference on Limitation of Armaments approves Treaties limiting capital ships, restrict ing submarine warfare and use of poison gas. FEB. 3-Sirdar Abdul l lar!i Khan, first Afghan �linister to Great Britain, arri\·es in London. FEB. 4-Shantung Treaty betw0en China and Japan signed at \Vash­ ington. FEn. 6 -\Vashington Arms Conference closes. FEB. 6-Cardinal Ratti, Archbishop of :\lilan, elected Pope (Pius X L ) in succession to Benedict XV. FEB. 7-;\. B . Houghton nominated as U.S. Ambassador to Germany. FEB. 9-U. S. President signs Foreign Dcht Rdundin!!; BilL FEn. ro-P. C. Larkin appointed to succE'erl Sir GPorge Perley as High Commissionf'r for Canada in London. FEB. r r -Yap TrPaty s i g n e d a t \Vasilington by United States and Japan. FEB. I 1-Honduras rC'sumcs her status as an independent republic. FEB. 13-Strike of 7 5 ,000 textile workers in New England against rrduction of wages hy 20·ing \Vies­ baden Agreement of Oct. 6 I 92 I . signPd by France a n d Germany. {Gillet Agreement. ) MARCH I6-Sultan of Egypt proclaimed King with tit!P of Fuad I . 1fARCH I 7 -Political agreement signed at \Varsaw between Estonia, Fin­ land, Lat \'ia and Poland. Finland did not ratify. 1{ARCII 1 7-Felix Diaz assassinated near Ortez, 1\!exico. 1\·I ARCII 1 8 -Gandhi, leader of non-co­ operation tnoYemPnt in l nriia. srn­ tenced to six years' imprisonment. 1L.\RCH IS-Viscount PPPl appointed Secretary of StatP for India. :MARCH I Q-..Stcfansson announces hav­ ing taken possession of \VrangPI I8land in Sept. 1 92 1 . "1\.-IARCII 20-U.S. President orders return of remaining American troops on the Rhine. MARCH 20-Indian Legislati\rC Assemb­ ly rejects Government>s proposals regarding cotton Pxcise and salt tax. 1iARCH 2 I-U.S. GovPrnment calls at­ tention to discovery of and claim to Wmngel l sland made by Americans in Aug. I 8 8 r . ?vi ARCH 22--Governor Robertson, o f Ok­ lahoma, arrested for bribery'. 11ARCH 23-Bill for enfranchisement of women rejected in South Africa. MARCIL 24-U.S. Senate ratifies Four­ Power Pacific Treatv. !\lARCH 2S-3SO.ooo g�lllons of alcoholic liquor dumped into C hicago rh·cr by dry law agents. :MARCH 27-Gencral Bruce and party start from Darjer-ling on 1Iount Everest expedition. 11.\RCH 28-American steam yacht •· Edith" seized by Kew York officials and her cargo of liquor valued at $300,000 confiscatPd. :MARCH 29-U.S. Senate ratifies naval limitation treaty and treaty regulat­ ing submarines and poison gas. :MARCH 30-U.S. Senate ratifies remain­ ing \Vashington Treaties. !\.L\RCII 3 1-Reparations Commisslon approves the various agreements for deliveries in kind (Oct. 6 I92I and �-larch I5 1 92 2 ) subject to certain conditions. APRIL I-Death of Ex-Emperor Karl at Madeira. APRIL 1-coal strike in United States begins. APRIL !-Government of Union of South Africa denouncf's :t\.fozambiqnc Convention. N'cgotiations for new agreement initiatcd. APRIL 6-Aaland Isles Convention of Oct. 20 I92 I comes into force. APRIL 6-Prince of \Vales arrives at Hong Kong. APRIL 7-Right of Standard Oil Com­ pany to explore for oil in Palestine conced�d by Great Britain.

1921-1922

APRIL r o-Genoa Conference opens.

1 2-Prince of \Vales lands i n Japan. I 2-Treaty signed between Ger­ many and Denmark regarding retro­ cession of :--lo rth Schleswig to Den­ mark. APRIL 13-Bank rate in England re­ duced from 4n's-{; to 4%. APRIL 1 5 -Thousandg of homes de­ stroyed by floods in Southern Illinois. APRIL I 6---G erman-Soviet Reciprocity Treaty signed at Rapalk>. APRIL 16-Gcrmany pays J 8 ,ooo,ooG gold marks to Reparations Commis­ sion. APRIL I8-Chief of Polish party i n Glciwitz, Upper Silcsb, assassinated. State of sieg-e proclaimed. APRIL 1 9-Fierce tornado in Illinois, l ndiana and Arkansas. APRIL 2 2 -,\. B. Houghton, U.S. Am bassador to Germany, arrives at Berlin. APRIL 26-United States recognises Government of Egypt. APRIL 30-Typhus germ reported to have been discovPrPd anU isolated at .Moscow by a woman, Dr. r\. Kritch. l\1AY I -"!vfauretania' ' reaches South­ ampton from New York in S Jays, 8hours, 56 min. (record). M.\Y 4-French Cabinet decides to agrC'e to proposed pact of non­ aggression, provided her rights under Peace Treaty are guaranteed. l\1AY 7-Trinity Church, Broadway at Wall St., N.Y. City, celebrates the 225th anniversary' of the granting of its Charter hy King William I I I . of England. 1L\Y 1 0-.\greement concluded at G0noa between Russia and the Vatican. :1\{AY I S -Conference opened at \Vash­ ington between Chile and Peru on Tacna-Arica dispute. :1\·f Ay I s-Agreement signed by Ger­ many and Poland at Geneva, regard­ ing Upper Silesia. MAY I S -U.S. Supreme Court declares the Federal Child Labour Law u n­ constitutional. MAY I6-\Vhite Star liner " Majestic," largest vessel hitherto built, com­ pletes her first voyage from South­ ampton to New York in s days, 14 hours, 45 min. MAY I6-A first folio Shakespeare sold for £8,6oo i n London. 1v!.AY I9-1Iousc of Lords reverses its decision of 1·1arch 2 1922. and re­ ports against the petition of Lady Rhondda for a writ of summons to Parliament. MAY 20-P. & 0. Liner • · Egypt" sinks in collision off Ush3.nt with loss of 87 lives. MAY 2 I -Three members of Mount E\·erest expedition reach height of 26,8oo ft. 1\L\Y 2-t-ltaly and Russia sign C om­ mercial Treaty at Genoa. l\lAY 24-Bankers' CommittPe ap­ pointed by Reparations Commission to investigate the question of an international loan for Germany. MAY 2-t-U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission orders genr-ral reduction of I o�:� on railroad frC'ight rates. 11AY 28-U.S. Railway Labour Board orders reduction by 13�0 in wages of .too.ooo maintenance-of-way men. ]L-:'H..: 2-Agreement concluded between Reparations Commission and Ger­ man Government relating to applica­ tion of Part V I I L of Versailles Treaty. Jc,;rE 2-Shantung Treaty of Feb. 4 comes into force. ]L-::,H..: s-Two Portuguese airmen arrive in seaplane at Pernambuco after crossing Atlantic by stages. Ju�E s-First medal evPr given b y U.S. Govt. t o any community pre­ sented by Ambassador Herrick to Verdun in name of Congress and U.S. people. ]rE s-U.S. Supreme Court. in Coronado Coal case holds that action� can be brought against unions for damages caused by' st ri k('s. Jc,;rE 6 AND 9-Ruppd-Gillet Agree­ ment signed by French and Grrman repre�entatives, Leing protocol to Agreement of �farch 1 5 I922. ] U N E 7-�It. Everest exprdition makes attempt to reach summit. but is ovenvhelmed on North CoL Seve n native porters lose their lives. Jt:NE 8-Conference on Tacna-Arica dispute between Chile and Peru reaches deadlock. JuNE IO--Bankers' Com m ittee of Reparation Commis:;:;ion decides not to rc>commend international loan to Gennany. APRIL APRIL

1922-1923

C HRONO L OGICA L TAB L E OF EVENTS

1 2 -Terrible storms rage from Ohio to Massachusetts. 75 lives lost i n New York. JuNE IJ -Dispute between employers and members of Amalgamated En­ ginef'ring Union i n Great Britain settled. ]UNE IS-Bank rate i n England re­ duced from 4% to 3 Y, % . j u :"m 15-Two members o f �ft. Everest expedition camp at 27,300 ft. ]UNE r s -Permanent Court of Inter­ national Justice holds first (ordinary) session. JuNE rs -Disastrous fire visits summer resort at Arverne, L.I. Over $2 .ooo,ooo damage. ]liNE 1 6 -San Salvador partially de­ stroyed by flood. ]UNE 16-Elections in Irish Free State show majority i n favour of Treaty of Dec. 6 1 9 2 1 with Great Britain. ]UNE 16-U.S. Railroad Labor Board orders reduction i n pay of railway clerks and station employees amount­ ing to $26,soo,ooo a year. ]UNE 1 6-Agrcement signed at New York by bankers and Mexican Finance �1inister as to Mexican external and railway debts. Jmm 1 7 -Fighting i n Canton. Re­ union of North and South China proclaimed. Jmm 1 8-Two British officers mur­ dered in Southern Kurdistan. Jmm 20-U.S. House of Representa­ tives passes measure providing: inde­ pendent citizenship for wo men marry·ing aliens. JuNE 20-Prince of \ValC's arrives i n England after h i s Far Eastern tour. ]UNE 2 r -Haguc C onference o n Rus­ sian prohl("m opened. Jmm 2 r -Shah of Persia opens first 11ej1iss since r o r s . JuxE 2 2 -Resignation of C . G . Dawes, U.S. Director of the Budget. Suc­ ceeded by Brig.-Gen. Lord. ]UNE 24 -Governor Small acquitted on charge of conspiracy to defraud State of Illinois. JuxE 24-Dr. Rathenau, German M inister for Foreign Affairs. assas­ sinated. JuNE 28 -British Labour Party Con­ ference declines to reconsider British Communist Party•s request for affiliation. Jmm 30-Conference of Ambassadors recognises de jure independence of

]UNE

Lithuania.

30 -Rebel forces in Dublin sur­ rendt:r to Free State troops. ]ULY r �Strike of Railway Shop­ workers throughout United States begins. ]ULY 6-Arm)' rebellion i n Rio de Janeiro crushed by Brazilian Govern­ ment. ]ULv ?-Agreements completed be­ tween Mexican Finance 1\·f inister and American oil producers for exploitation of petroleum in Me x ico. ]ULY 8-Chile and Peru agree to arbi­ trate Tacna-Arica dispute. ]ULY r 3 -Bank rate in England re­ duced from 3Y,% to 3 %]ULY r3 -Conference held between Canada and Uniter of GrePcc. Ocr. J-Mrs. \V. 1 1 . Felton appointed U.S. Senator for Georg:ia. First occasion upon which a woman has occupied such a positi o n . Ocr. 4 -League of Nat ions adopts scheme for financial reconstruction of Austria. OCT. s-Serious forest fires i n North Ontario. Town of l l aileybury de­ stro)'ecl. Ocr. s--Order issued by President that no U.S. ship should carr�· any liquor, and that no foreign ships should bring liquor within 3-mi\e limit. Ocr. 6 -Lieuts. :\facreacly anrl Kelley (U.S.:\.) brPak record f(lr non-stop

airplane flight (35 hours, r 8 min., 30 SPC.). OcT. 6-Soviet Government rc-fuses to

ratify commercial agreement of Sept. 9. OcT. 1 0 �Coal Commission appointed in UnitC'd States. Ocr. r r -Conference at �i udania be­ tween Allies and TurkC'y ends i n agreement regarding neutral zones. Thrace t o be evacuated by Greece within fifteen days. Ocr. r 6 �Payment by Great llritain to United St�tes of $ 5o.ooo.ooo instalment of interest on \Var debt. OcT. r 6 -Great Britain r{'fusps consent to search by U.S. officials of British ships for liquor smugglers outside 3-mile limit. OcT r 8-John Hays Hammonrl elect­ ed Chairman of U.S. Coal Com­ mission. Ocr. r o -Resignation of D . Lloyd Gearge, Hritish Prime !o.Iinister. Ocr. 23 -A . Bonar Law bPcomes Prime 1-finister of Great B r i tain. Ocr. 23-Treaty of Santa :\Iargherita signed at Rome between Italy and Serb-Croat-Slm·ene Kingdom. Ocr. 2 5 -Viscount Cave appointed Lord C hancellor of Great Britain. OcT. 25---\nnounc('ment made that John Walter and :\Iajor the Hon. J . ]. Astor had acquirerl shares of the latP Lord Northcliffe in the Times. OcT. 26 -Fascisti rising in Italv. Resignation of Cabinet on 27lh. OcT. 26-Vehicuhr tunnel beneath Hudson rh7er between Jersey City and :Manhattan, commenced. OcT. 2 7 -Rhodl· sian referendum re­ sults in majority for responsible go\·ernrnl'nt. Ocr. 2 8 -Frontiers between H ttngary and Czechoslovakia fixed by Boun­ dary Commission. Ocr. 3 0 - F'ascist _\iinistry formed In Italy under .M us.sol ini. Nov. ! -Commission appointed to dis­ cuss .\mC'rican \Var Claims from Germanv he gins work. Nov. 5-ltx-Kai�cr \Villiam of Ger­ many marries Princess Hermine von Reuss a t Doorn. Nov. 7�Iparation Commission de­ clares (;ermany i n wilful default on 1 92 2 coal deliveries. ]AN. 9 -Judiciary Committee U.S. House report against impeachment of A tty .-Gen. Daugherty. ]AN. 1 0 -C.S. Presirll·nt orders com­ plete evacuation from Germany of U.S. Army. ]AN. I I - French occupation of the Ruhr beg-ins. Essen occupied. ]AX. I 5 -:\Iemcl captured by Lithu­ anians. ]A:-f. 1 9 -GPrman�' rPfuses to permit further ddiveries i n kind to France. J AX. 20-Arrest by French of 6 German industrial magnates in Ruhr district. ]AN. 23-U.S. troops withdrawn from Ge rma n y. . ]AN. 2 _') - U.S. House of Represe nta­ tives exonf'rates Atty.-(;en. Daughc-r· ty from impeachment chargPs. JAN. 2 .'1 --Q uestio n of 1-losul frontier referred to LC'aguc Council by GrPat Britain. ]A�. 26-Reparation Commission re­ fuses G P r rn an y' ' s reQuest for mora­ torium and declares her in general default regardin6' reparations.

]AN.

1 r 68

C H RONO L OGICAL TAB L E OF EVENTS

]AN. 27-Coblentz area of Germa n;· occupied by U.S. troops handed over to the French. ]As. 27-Farm of Ell island , near Dum­ fri-:>s, Scotland, where Robert Burns wrote some of h is poems, presented to the nation by G. \Villiamson. ]AN. 28-Ruhr district completely en­ circled by French. }AN. 29 --M. �lanr-yrol, French aviator, remain s in air for 8 hr. 3 m i n . on glirlr-r, at VauvillC', nC'ar Jergey, ]AN. 3 0 -Turkey and Greece sign Con­ ventions for exchangp of populations, and exchange of prisoners of war. ] AN . 30-N. Y. Court of Appeals holds that sinking of the • · Lusitania " was an act of war. ]AN. 3 1 -Terms of Commission for funding British debt to United States accep t ed by British Government. }A!Il. 3 I -Dr:1ft Treaty communicated to Turks at Lausanne. JAN. J I -Export of coal a nti coke from Ruhr to unoccupied districts of Germany prohibited b y France. }AN. 3 1-U.S. House of RPprPsPnta­ tives passes Federal Radio Contro l Bill. FEB. I-Allk•d ultimatum to Li t huania to evacuate Memel by Feb. 8. Feb. 2 -General Treaty of Peace and Amity si�ned at Washington b:v Central American republics. (See Dec. 4 r922. ) FEB . • 2-Stanley Bruce becomes Prime :M inister of Australia. FEB. 3-Lassen Peak, Cal., the only active volcano in U.S., i n eruption for 12 hours. FEB. 4-Near East Conference at Lausanne breaks down, owing to Turkish refusal to accrpt Draft Treaty. Fr;R. 8-Coal mine explosion at Daw­ Son, N . M . ; 1 2 2 min{'rs buried. FEB. Q--U.S. House of Repr('sentatives passes British Debt FLtnding Bill. FEB. 9- l rish Free State Government offers gener al amnesty t o rebels who hand in arms a t once. FEB. I s-Germany sends note to French G o v e r n m e n t protesting measures taken by France i n Ruhr. FEB. r 6-U.S. Senate passes British Debt Funding Bill. FEB. r6-�1emel assigned t o Lithuania hy Conference of Ambassadors, with certain conditions safeguarding in­ terests of Poland. FEH. r 6 -Sealed chamber of Tutank­ hamen's tomb at Luxor opened. FEB. 1 9 �Decisions by U.S. Supreme Court that Hindus are not entitled to ci tizenship. FER . 24 -President Harding sends message to U.S. Senate urg-ing ad­ herence to protocol establ ishing International Court at The Hague. FEB. 24-America n Labor Party, i n convention at N.Y. City, re-pudiates Soviets. FEn. 28-�Prcsident Harding signs Brit­ ish Debt Funding Bill. l\iARCH 2 -Canada signs independent Convention with United St-ates for preservation of halibut fishery in North Pacific Ocean. !\lARCH z-3-Resignation of Charles Il . Warren, U.S. Ambassador to Japan. Succeeded by Cyrus E. Woods. MARCH 3-U.S. Senaterejects proposal to join International Court of ] ustice. MARCH 6--Turkish National Assembly rejects Lausanne Peace Treaty. �'lARCH C)-Counter-proposals sent to Allies by Angora Gove-rnment. MARCil I a.-C hine-se note to Japan de­ claring abrogation of Chino-Japanese Treat ies of M ay 25 1 9 1 5 . �lARCH r r -Arrest a n d transportation to Ireland of over Ioo Irish persons in England and Scotland at request of Free State Government. �lARCH 14-Ambassadors' Confe-rence as.'iigns E. Galicia and Vilnato l)oland. :!t.1ARCH 1 4 -} a panese reply to Chint•sp note of "-1arch I O declaring China's attempt to abrogate valid treaties contrary to accepted principles uf i nternational intercourse. MARCH r s -First payment of $4,!28,075 - 74 to United States by Great B ri tain under terms of War Debt Agreement. MARCH 2 r -Secretary Hughes states th at U.S. will not. recognise Soviet Republic unless it recognises its fnr4 eign debt and restores alien propert y. J\IARCH 23-43 cases of sleeping sickness notified in England and Wales during week. l\IARCH 24-University Boat Race won by Oxford by % length , in 20 min. 54 sec. M ARCH 2S-Fifth Pan-American Con­ ference opens at Santiago, Chile.

:rv!ARCH 26-Death sentence imposed by Soviet authorities on .:\rchbishop Ciepliak and 1\l gr. Butkevitclt. �lARCH 30--Termination of Amf'rican4 ChinPse .\greement of )J"ov. 2 1 9 1 7. I\ lARCH 3 I -German workmen at Krupp's factory, Essen, fired o n by French. I I kilkd. :MARCH 3 I -Parlial renewal of �Iozam� bique Conve n tio n between I\lozam­ bictue and Union of S. .\frica. (See April r 1 9 2 2 . } APRIL r - )J" e w customs d Lities in Irish Free State come into operation. APRIL r -,\llicd reply to Turkey (see March 9) published. APRIL 3-8:xecution of I\Igr. Butke­ Sentence on Archhi shop vitch. CiC'pliak commuted t o ten years• imprisonment. (See :M a rch 26.) _\PRIL r o- 1 2-Capturc of I\Ii::s f\.1ac­ Swiney, Count Pl unkett, ancl otllf'r le-ading Irish rebels by Free State authorities.

APRIL t o -Turkish �ational Assembly ratifies C hester Concession grantin({ certain railway, mining and oil rights to a U.S. syndicate. French protest o n April r I . APRIL r r � British Government de­ fc�tcd in House of Commons. .\ PRI L I I-Labour Demonstration in British House of Commons. Ad­ journment. APRIL 1 3 -Conference hC'Id between Fre-nch and Belgian �I inist ers at which t hl-y dedcled to inc re ase pres­ s ure on Germa ny in t he Ruhr. •\PRIL IJ -An nou nced that photo­ graphs take·n of sun and surrounding stars in eclipse of Sept. 21 I 9 2 2 con­ firmed Ein stc•i n theory of rclatidt:!l· APRIL I s�Amcrican-Japancsc Agree­ ment of 1 9 1 7 rc Chi na, cancelled. ( Lansing-fshii Agreement.) APRIL I 7 -Two airmen a t Dayton , Ohio, remain in air 36 hr.• 5 min. 20 sec. ; co,�cring 2,541 m. over trian�ubr course of 3 r Ys m . and establis hi ng worlcl record. APRIL 20-f rish Free State appl ies for membership of League of Nations. APRIL 20-Prohibition Bill introducPd by Mr. Scrymgcour, rdccLed in llritb;h House of Commons. APRIL 2 5 -.\nnou nc('ment of Henry P. Davison Scholarship Fund, establi:;h­ ing 6 scholarships for students from Oxford and Cambridge at Yale, Har­ vard and Pr inceton. APRIL 2!\ -M arriage of Duke of York and Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon. APRIL 27�De Valera issues proclama­ tion in Ireland offering cessation of hosli lities on certain terms. APRIL 28 -\V,,mbley Stadium, London, used for first time in final round of Football Association C u p Competi­ tion. Enormous crowd:1 cause dis­ turbance. APRIL 29-Convention signed at. An­ gora putting i nto effect Chester concession. (See April r o . ) APRIL 3 0 -Ruling by U.S. Supreme Court that neithC'r American nor fore-ign ships should carry intoxicat­ liquor into U. S. territorial ing watC'rs. APRrL 30-Irish rebels suspend offen­ sive operations. MAy 2�:\ llied Governments receive new German offer regarding repara­ tions. 30,000,000,000 gold marks suggested as reparation total. MAY 3 -Fifth Pan-American ConfPr­ ence closes (see March 25 ) . Four conventions signed . �AY 3-Mr. Baldwin annou nces Brit­ ish policy on · I raq i n House of Commons. 11Ay 6 -Frcnc h and Belgian reply is­ sued rej ecting German offer receh•ed on �fay 2. MAy 6-C h inese bandits derail Shang­ hai-Peking express train at Lincheng and capture I S O passengers. �!Av 6--(;.corges Bar bot crosses English Channel twice in motor glider, winning prize of 25,000 f. from Le ..J_lfatin. MAY 8�British Note to Soviet Govern­ ment req uesting cessation of anti­ British propaganda. etc. 1\1AY r o-:\ssass.ination at Lausanne of 1\rl . Vorovsky, Soviet agent in [ta l.>• and delegate at Lausanne. �1A Y r..t-Sovie... reply received to British note of May 8. MAy 14--0pening of 1\.Iexican-Ameri­ can ConfPrc>nce at Mexico City. l\fAY I 6-Announcement that British GovernmPnt has agreed to recognise inrlPpC'ndent Government in Trans­ j ordania suhject to approval of League of Nations Council. b.:IAv 2 0- Re·�·dgnation of Andrew Bonar Law, British Pri me ;>.1 i nister.

MAY 2 2 -Stanley Baldwin invited to form !vf inistry in Great Hritain. �L-\ Y 23 -Comm u ni:; t disorder::; at Dortmund, Ruhr district. !\!A Y 23 -Further Soviet t\'"ote to Grf'at llritain yielding on certain points and requesting conference on other points at i s ;; H r . I\fA Y 2 5 -.\grcement signed at Paris between G H'at Britain, France, Italy and Bcl�ium with United States for reimbursf'ment of costs of U.S. Army on Rhine. �1A Y 2 6 -Agreement reached at Lau­ sanne between Greece and Turkey o n reparation question. l\I A Y 2 8 -S ta u ley Baldwin elected leader of British Conservative Partv. :\fAY 29-Palcstine Constitution suS­ pendr·d by Order in Council, owing to refusal of .\rahs to cn-oprrate. Election� delcared null and void. I\1AY JI -British Note to 1\Ioscow agreeing to confcrC'nce subject to agreement of other Powers. ]VNE r -Go vernor of �ew York signs Bill repPaling New Vork States Pro hi b ition EnforcP ment Act . JuNE I -!\Irs. Hilton Philipson re­ turnNl as ConsC'n�ative 1\.L P. for Bc n.vick-on-Tweed, becomi ng 3rd woman member of British Par­ liament. ]UNE 4-Price of London Times and Daily TelegraPh raised from rY,d t o 2d. ]USE 4-C ard inal Archbishop Solde­ vb. of Saragossa shot dead by Syndicalists. JuNE 6-Race for the Derby won by B. Irish's · · Papyrus . " ]l:NI·: 8 - B i ll giving eQttalitv i n divorce suits to women read third time i n British House o f Commons. Ju�E 8-Danish Riksdag ratifies trarle agreement with Russia of A pril 2J. Jl·sE 9-Coup d 'etat i n Bulgaria. Stamhuli�ky Government replaced by Coalition. Jc:-;rE I I -Germany and S. C . S. King­ dom sign a�rcement for providing reparations i n kind. ]u!"m I 3 -(�reat Britain accepts Rus­ sian offers of a conciliatory nature a�1d ends Russian controversy. (See :\l ay 8, etc.) Ju�E I S-Third session of PPrmanent Court of I nternational j u�ticeopened. ]US'< r s -1\L Stambnlisky killer! in attempt to escape from captors. Ju�E 1 6-Subrnarine X[ laun c hed in Great Britain. Largest um]pr water craft i n world. }USE r s-n-Eruption of Mount Etna. Many villages submerged. ]us.o r 9 -Anglo- .\ merican \Nar Debt :\grecment signPrl. Jus·!: 23 -A nglo- :\mC'rican agrC"f:>ment signrd in \Vashington renewing for 5 years the arbitration treaty of .\pril � r 9o8. Ju�E 26-Germany and Estonia sign Commercial Treaty. ] l:"E 26 - Brit ish Labour Party at an­ nual C onference rejcct9 affiliation of Communist Party by majority of 2� mill i on (card vote). ] U N E 26-Tornado at Brooklyn. N.Y., does much damage to reside nces t here and in F!atbus h. s oo trees · blown down in Pros pect Park. JuNE 27-Fire in Peking, destroying several buildings and a valuable library. }UNE 29-M eeting of experts opened at British Foreign Office on Tangier question. ]ULY 2-Dockers' strike begun in Hul l , Grimsby, Cardiff and Bristol, spreads to London. J uLY s-Hank rate in En�land raised from 3�'0 to 4%. JuLY 6-Accidents to Auckland-Wel­ lington e x press near Taumaranui, :-a$e, recognition of union and arbitration. SEPT. ?-w c u rrency system in� aug urate d in Gcrmany.

Nov. r6-Brilisll Parliament clis�o\ved. )lov. r o-J. C . \Valton, (�overnor of

Oklahoma, removed from otnce by

State Senate sit ti ng as a n I m peach­

ment Court. Nov. 2 I --Dr. FrPdr r ick A . Cook , polar explorer, found g u i l t y at Fort \Vorth, Tex., of fraud. Nov. 23-Uoors of shrine within tomb of Tutankhamen a t Lu xor , opened. �ov. 30-Reparations Commis�ion de­ cides to a o poi nt two CommittPC'S to cunsickr financial state of German;.'. Dr-:c. 2-Great dam a t Lake GlPnn.

Northern Italy, gives waj.r owing to floods. Two Alpine vallPyS of Scal\·e Sevcral and Camonica flooded. hundred deaths. DEC. 6-Revolt a gainst Obregon Gov­ e rn me n t breaks out in �fexico. DEC. 6 -G e ne ra l C'lc·ction in Great Britain. �:lr. Baldwin's protective tariff policy d efea ted . 8 women ele cted . DEc. 8-United States signs treaty of friendship, commerce, and consular rights with Germany, to re p l ace pre­ \Var treaty. DEc. I r �U.S. Senate confirms ap­

pointment of Frank Kellogg as Ambassador to Great Britain. DEC. I..t-PresiJc n t Obregon of � ( exico begins attack on Guadalajara. DEC. r s-:\·fC'Xican Federal troops evacuate Puc bla. DEC. I s-Presid e nt Coolidge pa rdons all persons remaining i n prison con­ victed under Es pionage Act.

DEC. 1 6-General Elections i n Greece. Great maj o rity to Veniselists and Republicans. DEc. r6-r8-U.S. Presi d e n t refuses a Russian Soviet proposal for negotia­ tions leading to rccognition. 1 7- K i n g Gcorgc I I. of G reece

DEc.

deposed by Army. DEC. r8-Great Bntain. France and Spain sign Convention a t Paris re Tangier Zo ne.

DEc. 19-Secretary Hughes publishes of Communi�t alleged directions International for raising red flag over \VhitC" H o use i n near future. DEC. zo-Admiral Kound ouriotis sworn in as Regt>nt of Greece. DEc. 2 I -�ew York Et'etting Post bou gh t by Cyrus H. K. C urtis . DEC. 2 2 - Pueb la rc>captured by :!\.fexi­ ca n Fc>dPral t roops. DEc. 2 2 -Special Service Squadron of British Fleet ar rive s at Cape Tcnvn. DEC 2 6-Re parat io n Commission no m­ inates 15 delegates rcprC's e n t i ng Great Britain. United Statc>s, Fra ncP , Italy and Belgium, o n two commi t te es of experts. (Sef' Nov. 30. ) DEC. 2Q-Sir Esme Howard appointpd British Ambassador at \Vashingt on. DEc. 29-Price of coal i n London raised by r/- a ton.

D E c . 29-United States agrees to sel l army ritles, munitions and a\rp\anes

MARC!l 1 7 -M embe rs of U.S. Army Air �rvice

und�r �1a)or l"tedc-rkk

L.

communication by trans-.\tlantic cabl e and land wire opened by \Vestern Unio n Telegraph Company between London and

lvlartin commence world flight, from Santa Monica, California. MARCH I S - B ri t is h Government de­ cides t o abandon S in gap ore naval base sc he m e . 1L-\RCH 2 4- Pop e Pius X I . confers rank of Cardinal o n Archbishops P. ] . Hayes o f New York, and G . \V. \lundf'IC'in, of C hicago. !\lARCH 2 5-l\l e m bers of B ri ti s h A . s. u n der SQuadron-Leader A. S. 1\·1 ac­ Laren be gi n Briti�h world-flight from Calshot. ncar Southampton. l'vl A RC H 25-King (�C'orgf' of G ree ce de­

with loss o f al\ hands. r i -Ve n i:w l ns accepts PrC'micr­ ship of Greek )Jational A sse mbly .

starts from Darjcrling. �lARCH 28-lJ.S. Attorney-General H arry Dauglwrty re�i gns at Preside nt Cooli d gp ' s rr q u est. :\PRTI. r-Genrfal LudPndorff acquittP d of h\gh tr e-aBon c:han�r- arising out (Jf ).J at io na l ist revolt at ��l unich, Nov. I92J.

to Obregon Government in l\.lexico.

1924

]AN. 3-Howard Carter opens doors of J rem a i ni ng shrines i n tomb of Tutankhamen

c op h agti s. ]AI\'. -t--�1. Athf'ns.

]AX.

and

discovers

Ve n b; elos

sar­

arrives

at

7 - D i rect

C h icago. ]A'l'. 2 7-:\d ria t ic Treat y signed be­ twf'Pn Italy and S. C. S. Kingdom at Rome. ]A�. 2 0 -Un it ed States resumes d i plo­ m at ic relations with Greece (broken off 1 9 2 0 ) . ]AX. 3 r -U.S. Se n a te u r g e action t o ca ned Dolwny and .Sinclair Oi l Land leases i n \Vyo. and C al . FEB. I -Grases. FEn. I6-zfl--Dockr-rs H tri ke i n Eng­ land. r 2 o,ooo mf'n affc>cterl . FEn. r6-]. P. !\[ orga n announcf's his gi ft of his father's library for the u se of the public. FEn. r 8 -Edw i n Denby, U. S. Secreta ry of N av\·. rPsi gn s. Frm. 2 I ::__C har le s BeechPr \Varren nominated U.S. Ambassador to

1\lexico. FETL 2 1 -.-\ ustria recognises Soviet gov­ ernment.

2]-\Villiam Phillips a p po i nte rt U.S. Ambassador to B e l gi u m . ).'lARCH 3-Cermany and T urkey sig n Treaty of peace and friendship at An gora. MARCII J -Caliph Abdul Majid deposed FEn.

by

Turkish

:>lational

Assembly.

�.-[nstapha Kemal President of Turk­ ish Re pu b l ic .

MARC!l 6-0fficbl opening by Egyptian Government of TutankhamC'n tomb. MARCil 7-Hussein, K in g of the Ilejaz. accepts offer of Turkish Ca li ph at e. �1ARCII 13 -U .S . Senate ratific>s Liquor Treaty with Gt. Britain. MARCH 24 -Curtis Dwight Wilbur, Chief J ustice of California, appointed U.S.

Secretary of the Navy. 1fARCH r s-Swcden recognises Soviet

Russia de

jure.

!\fARCH IO�King Victor EmmanUC'l of Italy formally entt>rs Fiume for pur­ pose of ann Pxi n g city t o [ ta l y . !'vi ARCH r 6-0gden Mill5 Reid annou nces purchase of Nr;w Yark Herald by

New l'ork Tribune.

pospd and Republic proclaimed, sub­ ject to pl ebi sci t e t o he held A pri l I J . �-! ARCH 26--l\l oun t E\'rrest Expedi tio n

APRIL

s-Oxford

and

Cambridgp

U ni ve r�ity Boat- Race won by ('am­ bri d ge by 4 1 � len gt h s i n 18 m i n . ,

41 sec. (TimP only once beaten.) ( S�e A pri l r 191 r . ) APRIL Q-Reports of two Expert C o mm ittees on Rl'parations (Dawes and 1\lcl�c>nna Rl'ports ) issLwd. A P RI L 9 -l la rl an F. St o ne sworn i n as U.S. Attorney- Gf'neral .

APRIL I o----- D eath of H u go Stinnes, Cerman i nd u st rial m agnat e . APR I L r o -A . ] . Cook elf'cted Secretary of �liners' Federation in Creat Brit ain. APRrL I I -U . S. I lousr of Repret:.P nta­ tin's adopts new

I m migration

striction B i ll . APRIL J 2 -I I . M .A.S. scuttled off Sydney

RP­

"Australia"

Heads,

:-.lew

South \Vaks, in accordance ·with terms of \Vashington Treaty. APRIL I .)-Grcek Fl(·biscitp results in f avou r of a Republic. AP R I L I -t -A ngl o-So v ie t Conference i n

London opens.

APRIL 1 7 -Reparation Comm ission votps approval of Dawes p l an. APRIL 17 -C e n tenary of B y ron 's death cekbrated in England and at 1\1 iR!5o­ l o ngh i , Greece. APRil. 1 8-lj.S. SenatP pa s.scs I m mi­ grati on Rl'striction Hill. APR I L 2 _1 -Anglo-Sp;-tnish Trade TrPaty (of Oct. J I I Q 22 l ratified. .r\PR!L 2 3-K i ng Gporge V and Queen 1lary opf'n Brit i sh Empire Exhibi­ tion, \V('mbJcy.

23-Gn•at flritain formally rPcogni�C'S GrPPk re p u bl ic . 24--Abortivt' Irish boundary conference i n London. APRIL 2-l- � 1\rf AY I -Court of Inquiry into miners' wages in G r eat Britain holds session.

APRIL

APRIL

APRIL 29�First gen('ral election lwJd in Southern Rhodesia under sl ' lf­ gove rnmc nt .

I -A l a n Cobham rPturns t o London having ldt o n Feb. 2 5 and made tour of 1 2 ,000 mi lt•s through Europe. Egypt , Pakst inP, N. Africa.. and Spain, winning Britannia T rop hy . :f\.fA Y 4-Ccrwral el ec t ion in Germ an y . !\lAY 4 -Sc rious di�t urhancPs at Kir­ ku k , north of B ag hd ad hetwren l\(AY

members of levy force and

towns-­

pc·ople. Ov�r r 00 killed. 1\IAY s - Rebc l factions i n Honduras sign peace trC'aty wi t h Central .American nations.

1\-fAY 8-Convention assig n i ng Memd G reat to Litlmania signed by

Britain, France, I t a l y , J a p a n a n d Ijthuania. MAY g-Report of Court of In quiry into m i ne rs' wag('s in Grpat B ri t ain issued . 1:1A Y r s-3o--lnt('rnational conff'rencc on immigration at Romf'. �-lAY I 9---:-Pan - Am er i ca n Trf'aty signf:'d, to avotd or p reve nt conflicts between the American States. !viAY 2 2 - Excha nge of ratifications of Anglo-American Jiquor tra ffi c bill. 1fAv 2 6 -Presi d e n t Coolidge signs

U.S. [mmigration RPstriction BilL

:1\:IA.Y 20-Resignat\on o{ 1l·arx mh\,'3-\ ry i n GPrmany, fo11 ow i n g breakdown of fl('got iations for forming joint Cabinet betwPen Nationalist and Middle Parties. MAY 28 - l t al y and Czechoslovakia sign Treaty of Alliance. MAY 2 8-3 1 -] apan protPsts agai n�t

U.S. I m m i gration RPRtriction Bill. :!\-fAY 20-British coal mlnPrs accept pro\;"'isio n al agreement on wagf's, _ mJmmum wage to be 3331'% above standar d .

C H RONOLOGICAL TABLE OF EVENTS Agreement }ULY t6-U.S. Army airmen, on world­ SEPT. 29-San Domingo admitted to Nov.

1 1 70

3 1-Russo-Chinese

MAY

sign ed. China recognises Russia. juNE 3-Ministerial crisis i n Germany. Marx forms new cabin et on June 4· jUNE: 4-The Derby won by Lord Derby's "Sansovino"; first time in years that holder of Derby title wins race founded by his family. }UNE: 5-M r. Justice Feetham of South-African Supreme Court ap­ pointed Chairman of Irish Boundary C ommission. }UNE: s-u.s. Senat e Committee on Naval Oil Leases exonerate late Sec. of Navy Denby and Asst. Sec. Roosevelt of collusion in fraud. }UNE: 6-Treaty signed at Washington by U.S. and Canada for suppression of liquor and drug smuggling. jUNE 9-Lieutcna.nt P. D'Oisy Tokyo, completing his r 2,000 mile flight from France. JUNE r o-I tali an Socialist deputy. M atteotti, abducted i n streets of Rome. His dead body found on 13th. juNR 1 0-ltepuhlican National Con vention opened at Cleveland, 0. President Coolidge nominated for President and C. G. Dawes for President June 1 2 . JmxpPdition in Egypt opens tomb in Giza pyramid of J)('riod 3 . 000 B . C . MARC'H 9-Publication o f U.S. Presi­ dent's award in Tac-na-Arica dispute between Chile and PPrU. Plcbiscfte permanent determine ordered to sovereignty of province'S. MARCH IO-U.S. Senate rejects nomi­ \Varren as nation of C h ar le s B. Attorney-General, first time since I 868 that a Cabinet appointment has not been confirmed. MARCH I 2-Great Britain refuses to sign GcneYa protocol. MARCH I 2 -U . S. President re-nomi­ nates Charles B . \Varren as Attorncv­ General i n spite of his rejection by Senate. (See March r o . ) Re nomin a­ tion rejected by Senate on �!arch r 6 . MARCH I 3 -U . S. Senate ratifies Treaty with Cuba ceding to latter all claims to the Isle of PinPS in Caribbean &>a. MARCH 14-League of :\rations Council refers question of its competence to i ntervene in expulsion of Greek Patriarch to Permanent Court of International Justice. 1\.fARCH I._f-LPague of Nations Council replies to German note of Dec. I 2 1924, regarding her entry into

League.

MARCil r s-Government of 'Ira(] signs agreement with Turkish Petroleum Co. for exploitation of petrolrrnn in ' I raq (excluding Basra Vilayet) for 75 years. MARCH 17-U.S. Senate confirms ap­ pointment of John G. Sargent as Attorney-General.

MARCH I7-U.S. President nominates Dr. ]. G. Schurman as Ambassador to Germany. MARCH 1 8-Great fire in Tokyo. 20,000 Deople homeless. o ver sweeps :VI ARCH 1 8-Tornado M issouri, S. Illinois and Indiana. 645 killed; r ,945 injured. MARCH r 8-Chicago, M ilwaukee and St. Pa u l Ry. goes into receiver's hands. MARCH 23-Briti•h House of Com­ mons approves Singapore Base i n Debate o n Navy estimates. Tennessee MARCH 23-Governor of signs Act forbidding teaching of evoluti o n in state supported schools ; e. of Tennes..o;e J. Pershing MARCH 23-Gencral J . Tacna-Arica of head appointed Plebiscite Commission. 1fARCH 2-f-Si nclair Oil Concession on Saghalien Island declared void by Soviet Court at lvl oscow. MARCil 28-Prince of \Vales leaves Port smouth for South Africa. passe9 Diet MARCH 29-J apan ese suffrage bill increasing electorate from 3,ooo,ooo to 1 4 .ooo,ooo. APRIL r - Lord Balfour i naugurates a Hebrew U niversit y on 1:1ount Scopus. Jerusalem. APRIL J-l !olland and Belgium sign new Convention regarding nav iga­ tion on the Sdwl d e. APRIL 4-Germany and Be l giu m sign t rad e agreement regarding Bel gia n Congo. APRIL 7-Launching of U.S. airplane carric-r "Saratoga," largest ve s sel of its kind in the world. APRIL 8-Ratifications exchanged of treatv between G re at Britain and Nepil signed on Dec. 3I I913. APRIL 9-President Coolidge re-fuses t o re-ope-n t h e Tacna-Arica arbit rati o n. Herriot of APRIL t o-Resignation Jvlinh::try in France owing to defeat on financial pol ic y . APRIL 13-Henry Ford starts first air­ plane commercial line-Detroit and Clticago. APRIL r s -G ovPr nor of Northern Ire­ land opens n ew UlstPr Parliament. APRIL r s-Di::;covery at Ur of t h p C haldf'PS of stone slab containing record of b u il d in;:!" of t h P Ziggurat by King Ur-Engur of Babylonia, about 2,300 B . C . annou nce d. APRIL rs-�.fiss Lucile A tch crso n ap­ pointed 3rd Secretary of U.S.

Lega­

tion in Switzerland, first woman in U.S. diplom at i c se rvice. APRIL r 6-Explosion of bom b in Sofia Cathedral during furlPral of General Gheorghiev.

1 23 killed.

APRIL 1 7 -Pninlcve C ab i net formed Caillaul:: Finance 11. i n F ra n ce. 1\ lin ister. APRIL 22-U.S. and Canada agreC' as to joint action for improvPrrlent of St. Lawre-nce river above �l ontrPal. APRIL 26-Field-�larshal von l l i n­ denburg elected President of Ger­ many. APRIL 28-Holland adopts gold stand­ ard. APRIL 28-\Villiam S. C ulbertson ap­ pointed U.S. 1\.l i ni st l' r to Rumania. APRIL 29-Frank Hodges appointcrl pcrmanf'nt secretary of International :M i ners' Ferle ration. APRIL 30-Prince of Wales lands at Cape Tmvn.

a Crown MAY r -C yprus declared colony. MAY 2-r--= icholas Jvlurray Butler suc­ ceeds EHhu Root as head of Carnegie Endowment for I nternational Peace.

J\.IA Y 4-International Conference on Traffic in Arms meets at Geneva, 43 nations n:pre�ented. MAY 8-Completion of Makwar Dam on Bl ue r--=ite Sudan. MAY 9-I I -Conference at Bucharest of representatives of Little Entente. MAY 9-British Empire Exhibition at Wembley, England, re-opened by King: George. Constitution 1ofAY 1 2 -Sovi et Union formally ratified by Soviet C ongress. MAY IJ-Go!rl Standard Bill in Great Britain receives Royal assent. 1-fAY 1 7-I\Iartial law e nds in Spain. :rviA¥ I8-2I-ConfrrPnce at !\·f alines on problem of re u nio n of tlle Churclu•s. MAY r 8-Sir John Baird ( Lord St o ne­ haven)

appointed G overnor-General

of Australia. MAY 2 r -Captain Roald Amundsen and Lincoln Ellsworth leave Spitz­ bergen on attempt to reach North Pole with flying boats. 1fA Y 24-Empire Thanksgiving Service held in Stadium at Wemhley, England, MAY 2 5-Princc of Wales arrives at Bloemfontein.

T. Scopes of Dayton, Tenn., indict�E I 7-The �!ac�!illan arctic ex­ peditiot? sails fr�;n Charlestmvn,11 ass. ln S.S. · Peary. ]r:NE !8-Rctllrn of Captain Amund­ sen t o S p itzbPngen , rnarhines h�dng bC"en ice-blnckecl . He flew to \Vit hin rso miles of :-.! . Pole. (See �lay z r . ) at \Vales of ]l.'XE 1 9-2 2 -P rince Pret ori a and ] ohanncsburg. Athens. in d'Ctat JcNE 25-Coup General Pangalos becomes Pn·mier. Jt;NE 26-Llheral Pa rty of N ov a Scotia dPfcated in elections, after 43 ye ars in power. Ju�E 27-Coal-owners in Great Britain give notice to �1.inPrs' Fe de rati o n to t ermin::tt e existing national agree­ mrnt on July 3 1 . Jt;�E 28-Ruins o f pre-1:1ayan city discovered near Orizaba, 1\fe xi co. Jt;�E 29�-:'\Jpw bu i ld m g of Canadian Government in London ope-ned b}' King George V. ]tTXE 29-Large part of business sec­ tion of San t a Barbara, Cal., de­ st roy e d b�/ earthquake.

]UNE

29-Sovcrdgnty

0\7Cr

greater

part of Juh al a nd transferred from Great Britain to Italy. of consisting ]eLY 2 -Commi ss ion French and It alia n 11inisters and Anwrican charge d 'affairrs at Peking appointed to negotiate with C hinese delegates rC'garding Shanghai out­ rages of May 30. juLY 2 -I\·t i nC'rs' Federation in G re at Britain rejects proposals of �lining to r(.· turn rr-garcling Association longer hours and reduction of wages. JuLY 7 -South African Senate rejects Colour B ar Bi ll. jULY 7-Kelvin Hall, great exhibition building i n Glasgow, destroyed by fire. juLY 9�Revolution in Ecuador. Presi­ dent Cordova resigns and flees the countrv. AgrC'ement ... ra nco-Spa nish ]mJY r o...:.F signed for political collabmation i n �f orocco.

Stales insists that Chinese Government must observe treaty obligations and adequately protect fore i gners. JuLY I 2-Report that British National InRtilute of Medical Researc h has isolated germ of cancer through r�search of \V. E. Gye and J. E. Barnard. ]FLY 13-French troops begin evacu­ ation of Ruhr.

Jc;I.Y I I-United

1 171

13-Government Court of En­ Quiry into coal dispute established in Great Britain. JULY 1 5-E. N. Rhodes, new Con­ servative Premier of Nova Scotia, takes office. ]ULY r6--{)pening of first elected Par­ liament of ' Iraq at Baghdad. President issues ex­ JuLY 19-U.S. order remitting balance ecutive ($6,137,552) of Boxer indemnity from China, to be devoted to education in China. JULY 20-German reply to French note of June r6. J uLY 2 1 -]ury find J. T . Scopes guilty under Tennessee anti-evolution law. to re plies Krim ]UI.Y 26-A brl ul Willing to Franco-Spa nish note. make peace on ba sis of independence of the Rif. ]VLY 26-Death of William Jennings Bryan. Jm.Y 2 8-cou rt of Enquiry into coal trade in Great Britain reports dis­ approval of owners' proposals. Con­ · ft:rence recommended. ]ULY 30-Supreme Court at Nairobi dPclares that forced labour cannot be without Kenya Colony in u sed authority of Secretary of Sta-te for Colonies. J tTLY 3 1 -British House of Commons I nsurance Unemployment passes

JULY

Bill.

of settlement ]LILY J I -Pronsional coal dispute in Great Britain involv­ ing Government subsidy for industry until following spring. Essen b y of ]PLY 3 I -Evac u ation French f o rc es . AuG. r -1\ew regulations for Briti�h Pmigrant3 to Unittes occupation of Italian Somaliland, unrler pro­ tectorate of 1889 (hitherto un­ f"Xc·rcised �. Ocr. 20-Civil war resumed near Peking, C hina. OcT. 2 r -U.S. authoritiC"s rrfuse pC'r­ mission to Cou ntess Karolyi to visit the United States. OcT. 2 2 -Greek troops cross B u l garian frontier after ultimatum sePking rrs. DEc. J t �CrO\vn Prince Carol of Rumania rcnounr:es succes�ion to throne in fa your of his son �Iidta( I . DEc. 3 1 - l nter-AIIied M ilitary Com­ mission begins. \Vithdrawal from Germany begins.

}A�. 3-GenPral

1926

Pangalos Dictator of GrPPCf'.

declared

}A�. 6- Egyptia n Ex-:\finistcrs charged

with complicity i n m u rders of Egyp­ tians and llritish during 1 9 2 2 . ] A � . 9 -U.S. A m bassador to �fexico prot ests against retroactiv'e provi­ sions of 1\'lcxican Petroleum and Anti-Alien Land Acts . ]A�. I r - I b n Sand proclaimed King of the I h·jaz at I\ l ecra. ]AN. 1 2-Coal owners i n Great Britain present proposals to Coal Commis­ sion, i.e. ( r ) r0t urn to 8-hour Jay, ( 2 ) reductions i n wages. (3) cut of 2 5 :� in rail ratf's. ]AN. 13-Grcat Britain and ' I raq sign Tn•aty' i n accordance with t(•rms Jaid down by Lcagup Council. ]A�. LJ,-Royal Commission o n Coal J nd uf'tn· i n Great Britain concludes public slttings. ]A�. 1 5-Rnssbn Go,·t. accPpts invita­ tion to take part in Preparatory Com­ mi::: sion for DisarmamPnt on conrli­ tion it dnPs not mcf't in Switzerland. ]A!'l'. 19-IIcrr Luther forms Govern­ nwnt i n Grnn3.n\'. Herr Stresemann hcc-oming Forpigf1 1\ I i nister. ]A;\l'. 2 £ ·-Lord Llo;.'d opPns Sennar Dam at 1\ l akwar on B l ue' !\"ile. ]AN. 23-Dca t h of Cardin::tl .l\lcrcier. ]A:"f. 2 5 -Germany accepts irtYitation t o Pn·paratory Di�armament Con­ fen·nc('. ]A.s. 27-Italy anfl (;rpat Britain sign Debt. Agrpement i n London. ]AN. 27-U.S. liner .. PrC'stdent Rom:P­ Yelt" rescues crew of B ritish ship "..\ntinoC' . ' ' ]A:"f. 2 7 -·C.S. Senate passC'S resol u t ion of adhC'sion to Pe rma nen t Court of 1 ntcrnational ] ustice. JA�. 30-British evacuation of Colognp co m ple ted . ]A:-.r. 3 r -Diplomatic deadlock between U.S. and l\1Pxico OYer 1\.Iexican Land an(l Petroleum 1 .aws. F E IL .f.-Colour Bar Bill passes third reading in S. Africa. FEB. s-Italian Chamher ratifies DPht :\g:reemcnt with Great B ritai n of Jan. 2 7 . F E H . s-g. Protest hy Bavarian Premif'r against Italianisation of South Tyrol. F E R . J r-Ratifications exchangpd in lkrlin of Gcrma n-Soviet Trade Treat;· of Oct. 1 2 1 9 2 5 . F E R . I 2 -..\ nt hracite coal strike i n Unite1l States settled. (See Sept. I 1025 . ) FEn. 1�-French abandon Biban. : M orocco, owing t o threat of Rif offensive. FER. r6-French Chamber passes amcndPd Finance Bill. FER. r 8-Great Britain ratiHcs Treaty with ' I raq of Jan. I J . F E n . 27-French Senate pa�scs Finance Bill. 1iARCII 2-Frrnch Chamber rat ifies I .ocarrto Treaty. MARCil 6-Defeat in Chamber fol10\ved by resignation of l\1 . Briand, French Premier. MARCil 6 - Shakespeare Memorial Theatre at Stratford, England, destroyed by fire. 1\.·I ARCH 7-Radio tC'kphone conversa­ tion maintainPd for 4 hours between �ew York and London. l\.1ARCH r o-Spain t h reatens t o rcsign from LPagu e of ::--.J' ations if �he is not gin'n a SPat on Council. Brazilian reprPsentative threatens to vote against Germany's entry unless Brazil is given a seat. Swedish r('presrntative C�L Unden) re-affirms his intention to oppose election of any country othPr than Ge rmany. 11ARCH t o -Report of Coal Commission in Great Britain published.

1925-1926

l\fARCn r o�1'\ int h Briand Cabinet formed in France. 11ARCH r r -De Valera resigns Presi­ Jenq' of Irish Republican Party. !\1 A RC I I I !�League of r\ations Council approvrs Anglo-·I raq Treat;.·. :MARCH I 2-G(•rmany· refu�es to con­ sent t o proposal tltat a �C'\·e n t h non­ pcrmarwnt seat on L{'aguc Council be created t o which Poland shall be elt•ctcd . 1\L Undl• n v olu n t ee rs offpr that Sweden give up 1H'r S{'at. 1\IARCH 14·-248 people killed in railway· di·mstcr in Costa Rica. I\ 1 A ncn r6-}...1 . Briand ami Sir Au�t('�l C hamlwrlain inform Germany that hc·r admission to League cannot be considered a t present. 1\L\J-iCH r 7-South African Senate re­ jects Colour Bar B i l l . lv1ARCH 17-Ext raordinary SPssion of League of r-.;ations Assrmbly ad­ journs. 11AfK I I 24�British Premier an nouncP� that Government accepts Coal Com­ mission's Re-port. I\fARCH 25-.-\PRTL 2 2-Ahortive IDC'el­ ings betwcpn Coal-m1o·ners and minC'rs i n Grrat Britain. !\lARCH 26-Poland and Rumania f'ign Treaty of G uarantee on lines of Locarno. l\1 ARCH 2 7 -Cambridge wins Cnh·er­ sity Boat RacP b)..' 5 Icnv.t hs. !\lARCH 29-l\lexico 's new Jand laws come into ('ffect . .-\Pnn. 2-Serious riots l n Cakutt..a between ] I indus and �foskms. APRIL 2-Hombardment of P(·king bP­ g u n by troops of \Vu Pei-fu and Chang T�o- l i n . APRIL Q-1\lincrs' Federat ion i n Great Britain u n a n i m ously against incr('a�e of hours, rf'd uctinn in wage's or sacrifice of principle of national agreements. APRIL I4-AgrC'emcnt signf'd bdwPen British Government and Gm crn­ mrnt of Irish FreP State for reciprocal exemption and rC'lief from double income tax. APRIL I -t--Demonstration in Paris of C i vi l SC' rv an t s and ( ;o,·C'rnmPnt em­ ployees, rC'su1ting in 400 arrests. :\PRTL I S-�Iccting OJ)('!lS in Hrm::-:pls of I n ternational !1.1inRTL 2 r -C .S. Senate rat i fies Dr·bt Settlrment with Ita!;·. APRIL 2J-Rl·nPwecl rioting betwPcn Hindus and 1\Ioslems in Calcutta. (See April 2 . ) APRIL 2-f-(;crman-SoviPt Treaty, su p­ pk·menting Rapallo Treaty, fignC'd in Berlin. Text published on 2 7 t h . Valid for 5 ycars. Conws into force on day of exchange of ratifications. APRIL 25- Rltiza Shah Pahlevi crowned Sl1ah of Persia. .\PRIL 26-PPace conference between French and Spanish and Riffian de-legates opens at t�jda. O n � lay 6 ne-gotiations arc broken off, deadlock having been reached. APHIL 29�Agreement arrived at 'Va�h­ ing:ton betwC'cn U . S . and Franc-e for sPttkment of French \Yar Debt i o former. APRIL 30-Coal-owners i n Great Brit­ ain make propo�als involdng 8-hour day for m i ners and reduction of wages. Rdected by m i nc·rs. Lock­ out of O\'er r ,ooo,ooo minC'rs begins at midnight. I\·fAY 1-Trades Union executh·C's in Great Britain decide to call GPnPral Strike on l\ 1 ay 3rd, a t midnigilt in support of m i ners. GoYernmcnt de­ clares State- of Emergency. "h1A v 2� Brit i sh Govt. insists on orders for general strike being wit hdrawn hdore resumption of negotiations. 11A y 3-Gencral Strike in Great Britain begins at midnight. �-IA y 5-Christian C lmrdws i n Grcat Britain issue appeal for pC'acc in industrial dispute. This appeal not broadcast and not published i n t h e Rritish Gazette t i l l later. 1L\Y 8-Franco - Spanish offpnsive against Abdel-Krim begins i n Mo­ rocco. MAY o-T .ieut. Commander R . E. Bvrd, U.S. Kavv, rc·aches Korth POle by aeroplane from Spit shf'rgl' n. 1·1 A Y 1 o--S amuel l\fcmorandum in con­ nrction wit h British coal di�pute framC'd. J\fAY r 2 --GcnPral strike in Great B ri t ai n calh•d off by leaders ot T rad e s l lnion Congress.

1926

C H RO NOLOGICAL TAB L E O F EVE NTS

�IA v 12-Captain .:\ mundsen crosses �orth Poll.:' in airship · · �orge." l\·1 AY ! 2 -Revolution i n Poland. I\tar­ shal Pilsudski occupies Praga, a suburb of \Varsaw, and demands resignation of \Vitos Government. I\'1AY rJ�Rcsignation of Luther Cahi­ nC't i n Germany, o n question of German flag. MAY q-A m u ndsen lands at Tdlar, Alaska, having started from Spits­ bergen I\.fay 1 r and traversed 2,700 miles i n 7 r hours. !\1AY Ll-Beh·cderc Palace , \Varsaw. seized bv 1\.f ar::;hal Pilsud:;;k i , after 2 days fi.�hting. 1fAY r s- Res.ignation of Premier \Vitos and President \Vojck·chowski in Pob.nd. Temporary• Government formed. �IA y r 7-Dr. l\Iarx becomes Chan­ cellor of Germany, and f:::l r ms new Cabinet. !t-1AY r 8 -Heavy fighting reported in I\'iorocco. Spaniards attacked near Tetuan. 1\.IAy 20 -Lord Oxford and Asquith ad­ drf's::;:Ps letter to Llovd George criticis­ ing his action during getwral strike. 1\fA Y 22-Gcrwral Elections hdd i n Egypt under dirPct voting: system result in sweeping victory for Zaghlul Pasha. 11A Y 24-Volcanic Ntlption in Tokachi , japan. 900 lives reported lost. ).lAY 26 -Surrender of ..-\bdel Krim to French. �fAY 30 -Zaghlnl Pasha has interviPW with Lord Lloyd at British Rc�sidC'n­ cy, Cairo, following his announce­ ment of intention to form �linistry himself. 1\IA v 2g-J O -Resignation of Cabinet i n Portugal. fo11mving revolut ion started by General Gomez d a Cost a. CaLecadas l\·1 i n i�try· formed. 1\-!A y 3 r -�.f ar:;hal Pilsudski elPcted President of Poland, but refuses to accept elect ion. Jmm 1 - 1\l . l )>;nacy :\1oskcki elected President of Poland. ]t.'NE r -Franco-Turkish .-\grPPment concerning Syria (init ialle(l i n Pebruary) signeO at _-\ ngora. 4 ]t:NE 2-Derby' at Epsom won hy. Lord \Vooladngon's " Corom1c h . ' • jUNE 2-U.S. House of Representa­ tives approves French \Va r Dept Agreement. }UNE 3-Zaghlnl Pas.ha announces de­ cision not to form Cabi net i n Egypt. JuNE 4-French Senate ratifies Locarno Treaty. jt;NE 5-6-Revolutionary troops, undPr Gene-ral Gomez d a Costa, enter Lisbon. ]t:>!E s -,\dly Pasha forms Cabinet in Egypt. Jtr�;o!a anssor W. I I . Keesom (University of Ley­ den) of successful solidification of helium. ]tTL Y 2-Canarli::tn Parliament dis­ solved aftC'r ddeat of new ( 'on sprva­ tiYc Government b y one vote on mo­ tion challenging right of acting minis­ tr-rs to occupy places in HousP of Commons. ]PLY 2-]. Rorotra (Franc-e) wins Singles La\vn Tennis Champion!'hip at Wimb!!'don, Eng!anrl. jrLY 3 -Suffrage df'tnonstrati.()n in H ydC' Park, London. Resol ution passc·d demanding immediate C-ov­ ernment measure granting vote.;:; t o women a t 2 1 on same terms as men. ]tTY 3-Exprcss train from Le Havre t n Paris wrPckcd at ..\cheres. r8 killed, 7 3 i n j ured. ]t'LY 3 - M rs. L. A. Godfree (Great Britain) wins Ladies' Lawn TPnnis Singles Championship at \Vimblcrlon, England. ]t"LY 6-,Serious earthquakP on west coast of Sumatra. 400 liYes lost. ]l·Lv 6-Canton GoyernmC' n t , China, hands note to British consu]-gPneral protesting against blockade of port of \Yuchow. ]liLY S-Coal :Mines Bill recpives royal as!'Pnt. ] I 'I.Y g-Gr-nPral Gomes rla Costa, Prime �Iinister of Portugal and leader o{ mtli.tary tvo\t, atn.''3.tl.:.'d by G,·n­ cral Cannon3.. Latt(•r d('clarPs him­ splf Prime :!\fi nister and forms I\f inis­ t n· . J n ;\· r o�C.S. naval ammunition de­ pot at Lakp Denmark, nPar Do\·d, 10[)0b; po�tor iii-20:1i.o Air nadgntion. - observation i-60;)b. - ph otography i-SOb; ii-49a, 408d . Aerials iii- 1040c. Aerial survf>ys ii-49a. Aero hf'nring plate i-19a. - cyanide i-782b.

A FRIKAANS

AERODROME i-22d. AERODYNAMICS i-24b,' 32b, 7.in; air-:scre\V i-7;Jb; seaplane iii-�!l l r .

AERO ENGINES i-2Ra (Plnte/; ii-oi02 b , !)!) 1e; air-screw 1• 73b ; airship i-75a; " floating bush '' bParing i- 2 flb . Af'ronauti(•:d luspeetion Dept. ( U r . flrit.) i-2:l c . - HPscarch Committee i-30b; iii-342cl. AERONAUTICS i-32n; air-screw i-7:�b; airship i-7 5 a ; inspection i-fiflb; irn-cntions ii-50 7d; use of silk iii-54Da. c\crophilately iii-!\3\lb. Acrophilospmy iii-fi3Hb. AEROPLANE i-:l·l b foi l . , 79b; ii.JA (!'late), iiOb foil . , !}().lr; air· sc re\V i-73b; m ail sen·ire iii203b; m .. t c or ology ii-891d; polar cxplora tion ii-10D8b; rcronnaissan('(' ii-408d; steel i4 1 c ; torprdo iii-703d; warfare i-79d . Sic foi l . , 232d. See also Parrrf'hlttC>s. AEROTHERAPEUTICS i-43c. ANschot, Belg . i-3.'\ ! d , 3:>9a. AESTHETICS i-Ha; periodicals iii-77a f oil Aetiology i-378a, 1 0 1 Gb; cancer

.

i-514b.

Aetoclia, Gr. ii-2Sl (B2). A .E . L' . : sec Arnalgnmntcd Engi· necring l�nion. .Affinp gN>mctry iii-DORa . Affinity (chcm.) i-fi85n, 500b. Afforestation : ·"N' Forestry. Affricates iii- l l na. AFGHANISTAN i-46a, 102d; Russian relation• il-435a foll.; wnr of 1010 iii-429b. Afr a ti. Crete i- 1 78e . AFRICA i--17b, 48 (map) ; coal i-u57r; cotton i-7,'\0n; explora­ tion i- ! 0!)2b ; fish i-S38b; fisheries ii-3od; gold ii-�40d; constitutional dPvPlopnicnts i-444e; petroleum iii-9.'>c; popu-· lation iii- 186a foll.; racinl prob­ lems i-G83d; sheep and wool iii-!Ofl.la; sil \'er iii-MOd; tin iii-781a. See al.•o South Africa. Af i �}�;'S��tli'Afr1i�ru! if�c��t�i�� Afrikaans.

AFRI-AUST Afrikaans (tongue) i-i;l�a. A frikand('r Bond ii-872d. Agaba (Transj orJan) iii-82 1

(.\3) .

Agadir, 1\lor. ii-!l57 !B:l) . - incident i-!lbGb, 1 0:J7b; ii-7!Jb, 205a. AGA KHAN i-5la; iii-39a, �48d. Aganwssan (ehem.) i-SOGa. Agafia, Guam ii-2951.>. Agar, W. E. ii-348c. Aoc, '1'hL ii-IO:l:)d. Agi':!'ICI"! t/('::; Frisor111iers de Gucrre iii-70Gb . " A g e of Bronze> " iii-488a . Agglutination i-303a. .:\gg-r(•,a;atcs, theory of ii-&10c, s:l4 a . " A ggry " beads i-1GOd. AGLIARDI, ANTONIO i - 5 1 a . Agnon, H . J . ii- 3 :Hi d . .·\gno.'-1t i cism iH-·17f)a. foll. .-\gc;nlat., Erit. i-1020b. Agot.c (surgpon) i-309a . Agram trial ii-81Ra. .'\.grarian party: Bulgaria i--l-72b foiL; iii-G37d; Czechoslovakia i-708a. - rdorm: .d , !}.Jfl b ; ('�lxalry i-fi.')!ia; Paicstirw cam­ p�ign iii-2nd foll . AllPndesal:tzar (politician) iii­ Glls iii - 1 039a. Alps, mts . , Eur. ii-988d; struc­ ture ii- 1 7-lr . - Transylvanian, Rum. iii -390

m:n .

Al Qurna, �Iesop. lii-1 108a. AlsarC', C'arly opPrations in : Frontkrs, BattlPs of the.

RC'e

ALSACE-LORRAINE, Fr. i 100a. - of g('nerat.inns (bot . ) i-41·1b. A l t hnrn (sailor) iii-43-ld. A lt h ino ii-.ttl.� a. .-\ l t illH'tf'rs i- 1 9 a . .\ l t it ude (aeron.) i-2!ld foil., 78a. ALTMAN, BENJAMIN i - 1 02 a . - : 1 r t eollcPtinn i-2:Jub. "·\ l t onna, Pa. iii- 72a , flO i b. Alto Parani\, riv . , S. Am. iiiIS%. A l t orf, .J. C. iii-400c. Alumina glass ii-2a;lb. ALUMINIUM i- 1 02a, 9�9cJiand: ..::rf' 0yambc,}and . AMENDOLA, GIOVANNI i104!1. :\nwnopJJis r r r . , palaf'(' of i- 1 7-1 < · . ..\ mf'ltrC'-llorus-of-thP-llori.zon, i s:lb. AnJf'norrhnN\. iii- lOGOa. Amf'ntia ii-S7Uh. .Amri(•n: ..,,,e f'pn t ral A mPrir·a; South AmPrif'a; C ni tPd StatPR, e t f' . A nt f'Tif'n.n Assn . for Arlult F:duC'at\on i-Hlb. - Bar A s s u . il-fil4c. - Bi r t h-Control Lf'agup i-3D0e . - Child He alth .-\.ssn. ii- :l!i4a, S�Ob . - CbR s:: i('nJ LPap:nc i-(i4!)c. - Commonwea l t }J i-fHOt·. - Engin('Pring Standards ComJnit.tPP ii-{') �Ot• . - Expl� li tionary For('P i-220b; iii-·14!)a; ?\farinPS ii- 700a. S..(' r ,J.! -..:o f:f'tffirtll offem.;iw•; \V orld \\ra r ; etC'. - Farm Bureau FedC'ration ii1 lb. - Farm E(':onomie Assoeiation ii- 1 4 J . - Frder�tion of Labor li-245b, 4.5fib, 4r.9d; legal iii-S07c; organisation iii-S70r; SC'iPn­ tific managf•ment iii-4 R2c; War iii-S l2b. - Instit. u t C' of Criminal T�an· and Criminology ii- fi1 4c . AMERICANISMS 1- lO ! b . Am Pri('�Hl J ourna1 of ::\ ursing ii- 1003a . - .Journal o f Philology ii-IW4 b . - Journal uf So('iulogy iii-579b. - .Judicature Roriety ii-Gl4r, f\ l oi b . - Law Inst,it ute ii-G l4c, 6 H lb . - L:1w Schools, ..\R.sn. oi ii.-6J 4c . - League (baReb:t\1) i-337b . - LEGION i-105h; iii-S7ii e . - Library AssoC'iation ii-708r . - LITERATURE i- 1 0.'i r . - Loeomotiw· Co. iii-4 77c. - �farinf' Standards Committee

ili-fl40b.

- :\I('nt Packers' ARsoC'iation i-3\15b. - Mrrr11ry li- 1 0.'\6d ; iii- 76d . - 1\fu�f'llln o{ I\'atural History . IHlWJa.

AmPri('�n �urSPS1 A::,sociatwn ii- 1 O!l:la . - OrirnL·1J Society jj-f},..,9.'L - O s t eopathic .-\ ss n . ii- 1 1 :n h . - Peace Awar d i-·tU2a. - pro('PSS (fixn.tion of nit rogpn) ii- JOSOa . - �elu.lO} of O s t f'npathy ii-1137h. - Hocif'ty of l ntern:1tional l.a\v ii- G 1 -l r . - Society of 1\-lcC'haniC'al Engi­ TIPPrS i--lO l a . - StPf'l Found rif's v . Tri-C'ity ('('llt r:tl T r:tda. AQUEDUCTS i-149b. ARABIA i- 1 .5l c ; exploration i10!Jld; irrigation ii-5·1Ha; tribes 1- U3a Arabic l a ng uage ii-H�e. " A rabic" , ( l i ner) i-lO�Sa; iii670a . ARABIC LITERATURE i­ t.J5a. ARABI PASHA i-1.55d. Arable land i-53a,_ f.i3b; ili8D2a. A rac! , Rum. iii-390 ( A 2) . Araquistain, L uis iii-621d. A rbeit.�schule iii-739a. ARBER, EDWARD i-1 55cl. Ar bi t r a t io n . l n( lu s t r ia l : sf'e I ndu!';t rial Hf'ht ions. -INTERNATION.A.L i-156a.

Arbuthnot., S i r It. ii-623a. A rcad ia, Gr. ii-281 (C3). ARCH, JOSEPH i - 1 57c. ARCHAEOLOGY i-157d; and plates; !Cgypt i--185d geogra p h ­ IC ii-:l87d ; JeruRalem ii-oO:Jd ; iii-23b; �Ialay PPninsula ii775c; M i noa n Crete ii-28Sa; rcs(•an�h (Brit. 1\lu seum ) ii6 SSc . A r c h af'op t C> r yx iii- 1 7d . An·haic cul t. u rc i-10:3!l. ARCHANGEL, Russ. i- 1 98h ; iii-·100 ( I J 2 ) , 43:lc foiL, I JOSe. Ar c hbishopric of \\'ales iii-07 8b . Arrh construction (concrete) ii2 1d . .� rc hegoniatae l-4!4d. A r f' hen t f'r on i-U7:!a. A r('hf' r , Sir G . F. i-·l 7d ; iii-582d. ARCHER, WILLIAM i-198c; iii-5:!1)t• . ARCHERY I-l !lSc . Arr· hibald, E. W. ii-32!lc . Archipenko, Alexander iii-4 89c . Archistia iii- 1 1 42('. ARCHITECTURE i- 1 99 a and platPs; aa foi L ARGENTINA, S. A m . i-208cl ; arebaeology i- 1 fl7a; f' h i ld la­ bour i-fl070; f ra nc h i �c i-944a; h o r se racing ii-3G7b; imm igra­ t ion ii-DlOh; na t u ra l i :.::: a t ion ii-1022a; Hf'\\'RpaJ)('rs ii-1057b; pop�lation iii-916h. -: Finanreand Tmdd-21 0b; cur­ rency i-777d ; dairy produce 11-G.Sb; exchange (table) i-7i-lh; f u f'l al cohol i-92a; rneat ii-65 (table) milk ii-Ol:Jc; petroloum lli-94c; wool iii- IOtHd . ARGETOIANU, CONSTANtin, !tum. statesman i-212c. A rp:han ii- 21la . A rgo! is, G r . ii-281 (C3). Argonne, fighting in t he , ili-959a foi l . " Argus " ( ai rcr a ft carrier) i- 66a, 82a. A ro "·' (newspape r) ii-10.53d. Argyrokastron (Alban.) i-87c (H:l). A rgy r ol ili- 68Sd . A r gy rosi s iii -GS9a. Arica-I.a Paz Ry., S. Am. i-403c, 6 1 2n. See alsn Ta�na Arica. " A riadne " (cru iRf'r) ii-340c. Arishim!t, Takf"o ii-59!Jb. Aristotle iii- l l od. " AristotlP's lantern " i-97.1")b. ARIZONA, s t at e , V.R. i -2 1 2c. Arizona Copper Co. ii-926c. ARltANSAS, .s tate, U.S. l2 1 3c. .. Ark Royal " (aircraft carrier) l-tl5c. Armam C> nts : sre Air for�N;; armiPA; battlPship; navy, etc. -, l imitation of i-:l40b, 87tld foil.; ii-679a, ! 02Scl. See also '\\'�'"ns hingt o n Conferenee. ARMENIA l- 2 14 c; 111-Sfic, 820a; loans iii-884a; refugees iii3 2 lb. Armentieres, Fr. 11-196 (map) ; iil-1009 (B2). Armin, �ixt von i-402n,; iii-Ofi2a. Armis ti re ( Wo rld Wa r I iii- 1 020c ; i - 1 051lc; iil-1004c; I tal i a n front iil -97 0a ; proelaimed by w i r e­ less iii- !042d. ARMOUR, J. OGDEN i-2!5d . ARMOURED CAR i-216a. ARMOURED TRAINS i-2 Hi h . Arrnour-piPrf'ing b\dh�ts i- 1 1 7d . See also Battlcsldp. A rms, traffic in iii-S7 cl . ARMSTRONG, HENRY E. l-2 1 1lc, 5S'l-la. .'\. t hos, mt. Gr. ii. 2Sl (D 1 ) A t i k ok an in. (palneontolugica!} iii14b. A t ki n son , Lau r ence iii-•ISSc . ATLANTA, G a . , i-257b. ATLANTIC CITY, :-.I.J. i-257c; iii-90 1 b. Athntic Monthly, ii- ! 056d. At.mosphPrf', d (' n� i ty ii - 887d , Jipat-habnf'P, 8n0( i ; pres�m rp i29d; ii-:�4:3d; ul t ra-vi ole t light iii-:J(),\c l . ATMOSPHERIC ELECTRIC­ ity i-237r) i ii- 1 098c . AUSTRALIAN LITERATURE l-282a. Aust ralopithecns (anthrop.) ii7S3 r . AUSTRIA, REPUBLIC OF 1zs:la; i-2S4 (map) ; Alpine clubs iii-784d; army i-283b; beer consumption i-344d;

n

r

B a' albek, Syr ll-674d. Babbage, Charles i-852a. Babbitt, Irviug I-! lOb. Bab co ck, II. D. iii-G22a. Babcock & Wilcox boilers i-400b.

Babel, Isaac iii-438d. B abis (s e ct) ii-76Rd . B abson ta t isti c al Organisa ti on

S

( U .S.) ii-482a. Babuna pass, Bal k . Perrin. lli452c. Babylon i- 1 83a ; chronology i1 83b . BACCELLI, GUIDO i-20 8a . Bach, Philipp Emanuel ii- lOO l c . - cantata club (London) i-

631c.

Bachrach, W . iil -704 c . Bacillary dysentery 1-806a. Bacillus achli l a ct i s (chem.) ll706a . Bacillus radicicola i-290b. Backa, Yugos iii - 1 1 32b . Backhouse, W. 0. i-50b. BACON, HENRY i-208a. -, ROBERT i-2n8b. Bacon i-729b; l". S . exp ort W-

89.'\ b.

Bacot, Arthur >\'. ii-R.'\4a . Bacteria ii-\105rl ; in food ii-58a; a n ti -se ra iii-51 7c . Bacterial diseases of plants iii1. 5.5c. BACTERIOLOGY i-298b , 512a; li-412c; ii-8GOb; cystitis and pyelocystitis iii-!J !9 c ; dairy­ mg i-805c; relation t o de n ­ tistry i-847b; r�search i n : ii 853a. Bacteriolysin iii-517a. Bacteriophage i-302a; ii-860b, 854 a . Barteriopurpurin i-375a. Bacterium pneumosintes ii-474a. Badari, Egy. i- 1 7 1 c . BADEN i-304b, 284 ( H l ) . " Baden " class o f b a t tieships i875b. Baden-Powell, Agn e s R . S. S. ii - 233d . BADENI, KASIMIR l-304b.

ii-233d.

-, Sir

" Badger " (destroyer) iii 842d. B adis che Ani li n u nd od a-Fabrik l-536a lol l . , .'>77b; iii-34 l c . BADMINTON i-30-tr . BADOGLIO, PIETRO i-304d; li -554 d . B aek da nd , L. H. i-307c. B a ek elm ans , L ode l -349 d Barr, H. ii-32Gc. BaC' lC' in . E. �1. iii-750c. Baerwald, (physicist) ii-148d. BAEYER, J. F. W. A. von i304 d .

S

.

r

Baffle-plate iii-580a . Bagamoy , E : A f . l- 904 d . BAGHDAD , ' Iraq i-304d, 553c ; ii-511 (II.2.); iil- 1 1 08a; capture of, 1 9 1 7 iii-!OR7b; G e m an y iii-7t'..�b; military operations li-87-tb foil . iii-85a , - RAILWAY i-30.'>b; 815b. BAHAMAS I-30Ga. BAHIA, Braz . i-:lOGc, 427a, 429b. Bahais (sect) ii-7G8d.

r

Bahr, E. V. li- 1 4 9b.

r

-, He m ann i- 204 b. BAHREIN, isis. i-:l06d. Bailleul, Fr. ii-190 (map) ; iii1020 (B2). BAINVILL E , JACQUES i-306d. B ai rd , J. L . iii-757b. - sys tern ol' t elevisi on Ui7.5 7 b . Bairstow, E. C. i- 630c . -, L. i-74a. Baja, Hung . ii-30 1 (C3) .

broadcasting i-45.5d; drama i-

874 c ; flag ii-38 (plate) , ii-30c; folklore ii-5.') c; League of Xa­ tions ii-685b; n n turalis at ion l1- 1022a; navy 1ii- 1 107 b, foil .; nC'wspapprs ii-10.19c; Pan-GPr­ mn.nisrn iii-3 S b; Poles iii- 1G2c. - : Pinwnre i-287b; ii-08I)b; currency l-325d, 672d; i-777a; ex c h a nge (table) i-774b; l oans ( U . S . ) iil-884a . - : Social questions i-287:1. foil . ; child l abour i-G07b; emi­ g ra t i on iii-!JOOa; health ii850c; housing ii-380d; Ian) . Axel Hei b e rg Island 11i- 177a. Axiom (math.) ii-83 1 a .

Axons i-7S:ld .

Axson, Ellen Louise lii- I032d . Ayala, Hamon Perez de iii62 l a . Aylmer, Sir FPnlon .J. 11-874 d . Aymrrich, (Fr. ge e ra ) i-494c. AYUB KHAN, i-297a . Ayuntamientos (Sp . ) i- G30 a . GUMERSINDO AZCARATE, i- 2�J 7 a. AZERBAIJAN i-297e; iil-86c, S20a; see nll'lo Hussia. Azi1ian culture i-102d. Azobrnzene (chem .) i-68 ld . Azo d ve s i-885b foil. Az ot.e .i- 5S0 " i- H ld; 111-IO·ld . Baylis, Bay of Fundy lii-778d . - oil lii-96 Gd . B ayo e, )I . J . iii -9 0 1 a . -, rum iii-9UGd . " B . B. C." : see British roadcasting Co. flpacons, ill u mi na ting i-2:�b. Beams, constr uction of i-4 2c . " Beam " sy s tem (clee.) i-949d . Bean broad Iii - 1 .5ib. Bean-plant i-1079a. Beard, Charles A. l-1 10a. Bea n g indiC'a t ors ii-aooa . pi cke ts ili-G9 5d . pla t e s i- 19a . Bear I s . , A r r t . i-206 e .

r

r

r

Lilian i-SG9a .

nn

B

-

ri

BCarn airr-raft carriPr i-Gfia. Beating process {paper making)

iii-4lb. BEATTY, DAVID BEATTY , 1st E arl l-:l42b, Rfl3b loll . ; ii33Sc loll . ; Hi- 1 104b; Battle of Jutlawl li-li20b. ii- 1 008a. BPaumont Cup ii-002a, 27Gd; con servation iii-472c . Beehive tombs (Crete) i-177a. BEEl!. i-344b . See also Liquor Control ; Proh ib i t ion . BEEl!.BOHM, MAX i-345a, 540a, 1010c. BPeren lsi . , Xor. ii- J088a. Beers, Clifford iil-2;i0d. B eers heba, Pal. iil-21 (A3), 24 ( map) , 2Ga lol l . BEESLY, E D WARD S. J-345b. Beet sug ar li-62c loll . , R!\9d; Spain iii-U19b; U.S. iii-89Id, 893a. - topper ii- 1 2b . Beetle i-685d, Japanese 1013c; colour of i-GSG (piatp). BEGAS, REINHOLD i- 34 Gb . Reg(Jnr'& Opera, 'The ii- 100-ld. BEHAVIOUl!.ISM i-3-l.ib ; il! 2 b loll . ; G43b loll . ; iii-206a, Z.i.'lb, 471\c. BPhaviour of animalA i-3R2c; in­ s ti nc tive i-3S2d; intelligent i383a. BPhm sounding apparatus lii592a . Behring, Emil A. von ii-416d. BEILBY, Sill. GEORGE T . l-347b. B eilis , M endel li- 6 ! 2 e . BEil!.A, Port. E. A f . i-34 7 b . BEIRUT, Syr. i-347c; iii- 2 4 (map), 7 l l a IA:l). Beisan (Beth-Hhan) , Pal. i- 17 5b . Bekes, Hung. ii-391 (F:J) . Bckescsaba, Hung. ii-:J91 (F3) . BEKHTEl!.EV, V L A D I M I l!. Mikhailovich i-34 7d . Bela Kun: see J(un, Bela. BELASC O , DAVID i-347d; iii6:J4d.

tl

Belcher, George ii-41 h.

Bele1n : see Para. BELFAST, Ire. i-348a; ii-523a l oll . S UNIVERSITY OF

-l�}!�'

Belfort, Fr. ii- 1 1 7b; lii-940c. B elgi a n Academy of French language i-350b . - CONGO i-:HSb. - LITEl!.ATUl!.E, FLEMISH i349 b . - LITEl!.ATUl!.B, Fl!.BNCH i350a. BELGIUM i-3.'i0d; aviation ii46c ; b road c as t ing i-4ti !1 b ; classical education i-G-ltJ h ; folklore ii- .1 5 b ; health ii-85 l b ; inland naYigation iii-3G000 a; Cape Cod ii820c ; G rc·at Britain ii-278d. CANBERRA, Austr. i- 5 1 1 d . Cancer: breast iii-69 lc; cervix iii-l052a; gastric i-120P; oc� ('Upati onnl ii-4G2d; paraRitc iii-770d; rad i mn treatment ili-2S k.: 687a; stomach i-97a; uterus iii- !0.>2o.. - RESEARCH i-5 1 2 a ; viru" ii27c.

Candle International (elec.) ii40Gd .

Cane sugar (chem.) i-597c. CANEVA, CARLO i-.5 1 !'id ; ii5.38b. CANNES, CONFERENCE O F (1922) i-51.'id; ii-92a; iii-33.5d . CANNING (food) i-516b; iii tmoc. Cannon, A . .T. i- 2 iid . - , .Joseph G . lii-S!iSd . Canon Law iil-31J8c; Codex ( 1 9 1 7) i-.5:�Sa; codifi38a. " Cardiff " (It. cruiser) iii-l l09d .

Butler,

Ha r old B . ii-505a. -, HENRY M. i-482a. -, .JosPphine iii - 1 U2Hc. -, NICHOLAS MURRAY i 4S2a. -, SIR WILLIAM F. i-482b. B ii t s chli , O t t o iii-2!1a. Butte, :\l o n t . ii-9-!tic. Hutter i-804c; ii- 1 07 1 . ButtPrfliC'S i-6b5:lib. Buxton, I s t Earl iii-:�52a. -, "oe] i-J O.I.)b. -, S i r V\Til l i am ii-7 6c. Ruzi, riv., Port . E. A f. i- 3·l7c . BUYSSE, CYRIEL i-4S2b, :l49a. B)o'alik, Hayyi.rn Karhman ii-:nHc. Hyatt, S i r Horace iii-i20b, foll. Bl·blos, Syr. i-1 7.'ic, I S l a . Byclgoszcz c ana l , E u r . ii- l l OOa. BYELUY, ANDREI (Boris B u ga iev) i-4 8 2c . H ygrave, L. C. i-2 1 a . BYNG, 1st B a ron i-482c; iii9 :ii a foi l . BYRD, RICHARD E. i -482d·, iii-17!la. By.< tnnder (weekly) li-10!i1d. By.nsus of. -, Bureau the (U.S.) iCastner-Kellner Cell i -958c. 6S8d. Cas tor seed li- l l l ld. - of Pr duct ion : see Production, Castration iii-52la. census of. Castro, Cipriano iii-936d. Centauri (star) i-245a, 2�2b. -, Eugenio de ili-200d. Central Africa, archae. i-lil7b. -, Jose de iii-19&1. - America, archaeology i- Ht�c:, -, Pimenta de iii- 19 8d. foil.; climate i-653a; folklore Casual tylnsuranee(lj .S.)ii-487b. ii-.55d; languages i-l!l5d; re­ Catalan, M. A. iii-624 b . Cataldi, Amleto iii-490b. latio s with U . S . iii-SRO•l; iii-fl4\J; production Catalonian policy ii i-G14 a, foil. silver Catah·sis ii- 1 2 Gb. (table) Treaty of 1 923 i-5f\:lh. CATALYSTS i-549b, 584a; U- - AMERICAN UNION i-563a, ii-29 Ga. l080c; iii-143d. - Asia, archaeology i - 1 83d . Catalytic metals ii-1109c. Centra\-Caspian dictatorship iii-process (fertiliz�r) i-57b. 87a. " Cat and :\louse " Act (Gr. Central CommiRsion, Rhine c-;rav­ Brit.) i-988a; iii-40c. igation iii-348d. Cat-fish (bioi.) i-1079c. " Cat-whisker " (radio) iii-282a. - financing, social service i i iCataract ii-462c, 1 12lc. 57G c. '' Caterpillar " machines ii-968c. - Library for Students ii-707b. - tractor i -229c; Iii-79Gb. - heating ii - 335d -PowC'rs: see Austria, Germany, " Cathedral of Learning," Pitts­ World War, etc burgh iii-152a. CATHER, WILLA SIBERT - Prisoners of War Committee iii-3 1Ga . i-551c, 109c. - Schools (Gr.Brit.) i-930b Cathode ii-144a, f oil . - fall il-149d; lii-924d, oil . 965c. - rays ii-138c, 155a, foil.; iii- Centrosome i-784b, 788a. Centrosphere i-78.5 c. 306b, 924d. Century Magazine, ii- 1 0S6d . Catholic Charities, Nat'! Conf. - Dictionary , The ii-3f\2d. of iii-37la. -Church: see R man Catholic Cephalaspida iil-1 1 -ll b Cephalic index iil-272a foil. Church. Cephalonia, is!., Gr. ii-238d, iii-37la. -Encyclopaedia iii-371b. 281 (B2). Cepheid variables (astron.) i- schools ( U.S.) iii-:l70d. 2 49a - Sisters College, U.S. iii-370d . (Serb.) iii-� 14a. - U Div rsit of merica iii- Cer, CERAMICS i-563c, 835b; ii370d. CATT, C:::ARRII!l C::: RAPMAN 313a. Ceratioide iii-1143d. i-55lc. Ceratitis cnpitata: see Fruit-fly. Cattalo (bison) i-390d. Cattegat, raids in iU-1105d, foil. Cerca ria i-37ld. Cereals: see Supply; Grain. Cattell, J. M. ii-500a. Cerebral cortex ii-1121d, lOHa. Cattle i-5ld; breeding i-804c, see foil.; m barg (Canada) i-500c; CPrebro-spinal meningitis: Spinal Meningitis. - ra s ng: Argentina ii-63a; Aus4 CPremonial, primitive 1-14la. tralia i-27Gd; United S at es Cerizy, Fr. i-554c . i i-tl3a, ili-891d . CAUCASUS, CAMPAIGN I N Cerna, P. iii-397b. Cern:mti, Hum. i-4 70a. the i-55lc, 552 (map) . Cerny Cabinet i-797b. Cauchy, L. ii-83:lc. Cesaro, D uke of ii-.5fl8a foil. Cauldrons, volcanic li-173c. Ccskoslovcn ka Republika: see Caures, Bois de iii-9.Ub. Czechoslovakia. Caures wood, Fr. ili-9 13 (map). Cl'tinje, Yugos. iii- 1 1. 3 1 (C3) . Causalgia ( m ed. ) l-9flh. Ceuta, Mor. ii-957 ( 0 1 ) . CAVALRY l-554a, 2 17b. CAVAN, FREDERICK R . L., Ce\'edale, m t . Tirol, iii-784 (A ) ) . CEYLON l-5ti4d; population lOth Earl of i-55:> c ; iii-Uu\Jb. li i-9 Wb. CAVE, GEORGE CAVE, 1st CCznnnc, Paul iii-G(l Viscount i-55.5d. . C.G.T.: see Confederation g�nCa,•e art i-Hlld, 186c. l'ral .!ex. il-1047c. Clupeoids iii-1143a. CluJ, Rum. iil-390 (B2). Clune, Austr. prelate l-674a. Clusters (astron.) i-2.52a. Clutton-Brock, Arthur i-lO!Ob. CLYNES, JOHN R . i-fi.'i;;a . Coach (motor vehicle) ii-!JSlc. Coaches, steel, railway iii-290b. COACHING 1-655b. 479b; U-408a; COAL i-G.55c, iii-llc, 952d; anthracite ( Indo­ China) ii-452c; Arctic regions l-207c;brown ii-125b;blending ii-137b; distillation of ii-12.!ission (West Indies) CONNAUGHT , ARTHUR - chest ilf-576c. lii-102 1 b. Albert, Patrick W1lllam - planning ii-381 b; property - Preference i-100ld. ( U .S.) iii-lO.i!ia; sense iii-575d Duke of i-702rl; ii-430a. " Coln," cruisc:r1 ii-340b. CONNECTICUT, state, U . S . foil. ; survey ii-1)07d; COLORADO 1-G7Sd. l-7o:la; Woman's College 1Comoro Island;-l, ::\latl. ii-7Glb. " Colorado " (battleship) l-340d, 703b. Compagnie des 1\linPS de Bethune R77b (fig. 3), 878h. i-.j:J7b. Connellv, Marc i-872a. Colorado Fuel and Iron Co. i­ COMPANIES AND CORPORA­ Connol\ v, James ii-51Gb. ()HOa; ili-G02a. i-70.'ld, JOSEPH C ONRAD, tions 1-!\9:lrl. - RIVER i-680b; irrigation ii1007b; caricature i-540d Companion of Honour il -64 1 b . 5 Hb.

11i-70!ld.

;

iil-219d

i

Cochinal dyes

Fr.

c

:f:J[j�

.J ulius

business

�

f

�--

of

6

f-676a.

8

Pius

prov.

I N D EX

CONR-DIAM CONRAD VON H O T Z E N ­ dorf, Fran� i -70 l d , 2;jfk, 291 b, 542:-lOa: Latvia ii-fi()!)p; !\!alta ii - 77.'ic ; Pa lrstine i ii2 2b ; Por tug al i i ! - 1 97b ; Tur key iii-840b. &e also under variou s P ou ntri es . - .\ct 1 91 0 (G r . Brit.) iii-594b. Constitutional C o n v e n t i o n (llrug. 1 0 1 G ) iii -!J2 l a . - Democrats: see CadPts. Constructiouists ( t heat re) i i i 6:l7a . Consultation dC's X ourrissons ( 1 8!JO), i -nor.d, u09c. ConsumPrs' Co-operat ive Soci­ e ties i -7 2 2h . Consumption : .� re Tubp r rulosi s . " Conte Rosso " (s e apl ane car ­ ricr) i - 65c . Continental Daily .i\{ail (newsp aper) ii - 105 1 c . Continental shelf iii-177c. " Continental " Trade i ii-797d. Continents, origin of ii- 1 7 7a foil . CONTINUATION SCHOOLS, Gr. Brit. i-70Sd, 922b ; C.8. iii-97la. Continuous loading: submarine telegraphy iii-HGc, 7.'i0d. ° Con ti nuous voyage " principle iii-872c; Wi lson iii - lo:J·l a. Continuum, four dime nsi on a l iii-:l28e, fnll .

Contraband i-:JO.!b

ContracPption: .�ee Rirth Control. tone (physiol .) iilO !Oa . Contrartures (m�d . ) i-397b. Contrc-cspionage ii-40!lb. CONTROL, INTER-ALLIED i-710a; Board uf ii-S70c; Commission (League of Na­ tions) ii-2 1 7b . C(m trOle Ow•rier ( Fr . ) ii-99b. Controll er of Coal :\lines i-G50b. Control p roblf'ms (aircraft)i-27d. Con vect io n, atmosphPric if-R90d . Conw�ntion, \Vashington: .c::re Washington Convention ( 1 9 H l ) . - of 1 8 1 8 i - 50l b Conve rgPncp : see Homoplasy. ConvPrsations at .:\Ialines i i -

Contractile

:ll5 b .

Co11version I,oan, 1921 (Gr. B rit . ) ii-2G4 b . ss Co nver ter: see Dynamo. Conn,rtf'rs i-8D3d; basic (metal­ lurgy) i -7 :l3a; (steel) ii-s:mb. Com'orfn.ri Litcrare (pe-riodical) iii-:l07a.

CONVOY1-719a; iii-Gnd, 10D7c, l l O.lc; A u � t rn.lian lii-IODHc; l'nited S tates iii-S7-! cl . COOK, SIR EDWARD TYAS i -7 20 c . - G. ii-R27c. -, SIR JOSEPH 1-720c. Cook l sls . , Pac. 0 . ii-1007a. Cooking Apparatus: see Househ ol d Applianece . Co oks on , E. C. iii-1 10Sb. COOLIDGE, CALVIN i-720d;

iii-l-:71i/at ions) i-7.3:�a: ii-G77d, ti7Hc. Covent Garden !\1arket, London

ii-SO�a.

COVENTRY, Warwick

i-75Ua.

(Eng.)

Covington, J{y. (tab le) iiHlOlb. COWANS, SIR JOHN S . I -7.'1Ua . Cm-..·anl, I {('nry i-G;WU. -, :\ocl i-8ti!l d . CO WDRAY, W. D . PEARSON, 1 s t Yisrount i-70fib; ii-1051d. CowPn, Jo:-o:Pph ii- 1 :3;lb. Cm-.·per Stoves ii- ;);3 8d . Cowpox iii-S58b. Co\rs, d i� eases of i-805b. COX, JAMES M. 1-75tib, 840< 1 ; iii-876d . - . KENYON i-7:1Gc. -, Sir l'�roy ii-.5 1 l n foll . Cox's Cnhlc Relay : iii-502c, 745a. Crab (herm i t ) i- H7fhl .

C •·acking processes (fuel) ii-127b; iiHlSd CRACOW, Polan d. i-75flc. CR�I_? �OCK, CHARLES E. i - ..- ohc. - , Sir Heginald i-4 7 8b foil. CRADOCK, SIR CHRISTO­ pher G. !', M. i -7.56rl , 7:l0cl ;

Iii- IOflSOa, 3DSd . Criminal .Jus tiPe Act Hl25 ( Gr . Brit ) iii-10,,5b. - Law, AmPrican Institute of i-7Gla. CRIMINOLOGY i-7GOb, H l b ; i i- �O tb ; iil ·2.% l. Cri·(lli, Eug 1 7d . CRYSTALLO GRAPHY i - 7fi.'i b. iii-fi2fid; ii-S27h, ?t;:lb; i i i­ :J 74 e ; i-2GSh, ()! 17.!; i i i - l l �la . C rys ta ll oids (dJf'rn . ) i-r�7-hi . CUBA, is! . , W . I . i - 7 1\Sh ; iii-[l l fih; ii-Sl4a; iii-8S ta; roJ)pf'r i73 �l h; petroleum iii-!l5a; sugar ii- li4 d . Cubism iii-Ra. Curkoo i-11:-\f i h . Culebra, Pan. ii!-38c. Cultivators 1-li:ld. Cul t. ure: �rr A n t hropology. CULTURE CONTACT, PSYchology of i-7fi!ld , 131� 1 . DAINGERFIELD, ELLIOTT i�04b. Dain'n, China il-.589 b . DAIRYING i-SO !c; bac t e riol ogy i-:lUUb; machinery i-ti-lb; prorluets ii-fJI:l c , 65b (table); iii1-ifltib, 897b . Dakin's sol ut ion ili-!iSSd . fblhnndin, B a l . i-:�22d . Dalby, W . E . ii -827 c ; iil-76 lb. U a lcrozP, Ja qu('s : sec Jaqu l"SDal0rozP, E m i l e . DALEN, GUSTAF i-806a. DALLAS, Texas i-SOO a ; iii-762b. DALMATIA, Y ugos . i-SOGh. Dalton, .John i-2G7d loll. - Plan (educ.) i-H:l l a . Damnge.d Goods (Les .\\•aries ) i8ti8c. DAMASCUS, Syria i-80od; iii24 ( m ap) , 7I l a (B:l1; capt ur e ( 1 0 1 8) iii-30a. Damrosch, Frank H . i- 807c. - WALTER J. i-80 7 c ; il - 1 1 20 • 1 . DAMS i-S07c, HO>l ( ph t e) ; ii401b foil . ; Aswan ii-542h; locks and iii-3Hlc; P:-tnama Ca nal iii-31ld foil . ; l' n l t cd S t at es iiii l4b. Dan bu ry hat t e rs iii- 867c . Dance, Sir George i-869b. DANCING i-809c; periodicals iii-73d. See also Ba11Pt. D'ANCONA, ALESSANDRO iSlOa . Da n gC' rou s Drugs Act ( G r . Hri t . 1H2:l) iii-107il. DANIELS, JOSEPHUS i- S ! O a ; iii-869(l.

Danilo\· (sold ier) i-907rl. DANISH LITERATURE

,

-

SlOb.

West

Islan(ls.

Indies :

see

i-

Vi rgin

Dank!, \'iktor ii-5.'i l c foil. DannPm�rif'. Fr. ii-t l ie . D'ANNUNZI O , GABRIELE i S l l r , 874d, 8S:lb; Fi ume ii5 6 1 c foil . , :JSc; l i t e rat ure ii55.5e. Dantas, Julio iii-20l c . •·Danton " (batt leships) i-Si ;) f' . DANUBE i-812c, RO t a ; C'anaJi-.,at ion i-42-!d : see also Inland '\Vater Tr anspo rt . - Commission i-710b. DANZIG, Free City of i-8 1 3trianghntY, Harry '.1 . lii-S77c. DAUME'i' , PIERRE J. H. i82 I C' . DPutsch-Eylau ( E . Prns. ) iii 72S (B2) . "' DPutschla.n1l " (submarine) ii­ fll)2e. Df'utsr-h-!\!Purthe cup ii-tiOc . D e ntschru!liu wde ·vulkspartei ii2 1 2a . Dc utschrOlkischc Partei ii-204a.

DE VALERA, EAMON i -849c, DDI5h� ii- li 20a foll . Dew•lopnwn t and Road Improve­ ment Fund.< Act (G r . B ri t . HlO\l) ii-279a. DEVENTER, SIR J . L. VAN i-S4\ld, !IO.Sb foil . D ever , William T: . i-H04c. DE VILLIERS, JOHN H. , Baron i -S-Hid . Devil's Island, Fr. Guiana ii297 �2-lb. Discharger-cup ii-29 1 b . Disciple s o f Christ iii -:J.17c. D isco u nt houses ii-939(L - rate i-324d. " Discm·ery " (ship) ii- 1 098a; lii-1025c. Disease ii-781b; air passage iii3-t-la.; animal tii-D.)Od; carrirr� ii-27b foiL; diagnosi' i-S.i l c ; heredity ii-350a; osteopathy ii- 1 1::17a; pPriodidt.�· of i1 0 1 7a; protozoal lii-2 l:la; sec­ ondary i-852d; transmission ii-28b. Diseases of A ni mals Act ( 189 1 ) I-G2c. - of plants: see Pl ant D is('fi.SCR. Disgrazia, m t . , I t . ii -0S9a. Di:-:infeC'tion, Rurgka.l i ii-G88c. DiRpPrRol dye i-.S.S8(l. Disphcerneat l aw iii-G2.5 b. - machine ii-R Hie . Dissoci ation: c he mistrv iii-12Sb foll; rlcdrolytic lii--1 :JSc foll . ; ionic iii-139a.; psychological i-570d . Dissolution (chemistry) iii-137c. D i s t.illation \coal) ii- 125£'. Distortion, plastic ii-82Gc. - td . .graphy iii-74,;, SSOd. DulaP, E dmund ii-4 l l t'. Du long antl Petit 's C' On st a nt lphys . !i-26Ra ;li-32fl:dii-2G8d . DULUTH, l\finn. i-880e Dumaresque range ca lcu lat or ii-209d . d u �laurier, G eral d i-808b. D u mb: see Deaf and l l u m b . D1 tm e z il t r rt w h mort.ar i-228a. DUNAJEC-SAN, BATTLES OF the i-RSOc. D u na n t , Henri iii- 3 1 4b. D u nb ar , L awren ce, n eg ro poet i-ll84d . Dunf'an, George ii-242(L -, ISADORA i-SS1d . -, mt., Can. ii-9�9d. D u n�lee, Johnny i-420d , 422a. -, Scot. i-88 l d . Dunfermline Carnegie Trust i5"l l d . Tlunhill, T. P . ii-327a. D u n k i r k , Fr. iii-940c. Du nlop Hubher Co. iii-782d. D u nlop-We lch t i re iii-78lc foil . DUNSANY, E, J. M. D. Plunkett, 1 8t h Baron i-881 d ; ii-.5:l7tt. D u nst e rville , Lionel C. ii-875 c ; iii-Sod .

E EARTHQUAKES i-901b; d ept.h li-J?:la; insu ran ee ii-48,ib; Japnn ii-583d, 592d; iii791d . D ral u mi n i-42a, 42b (fig.), 102b; ii-884a. Duran, Caroluo iii-466d foil.

p

e

H.

u

Duranol dye i-8R8d.

Duration, Bergson's philosophy of i-3ti:Jd. Dura�zo, Alban. i-SGc (.\ 2 ) , Bic

foll.

DURBAN, 8s2b.

Nat al, ·'· S.

Af.

i-

Du rb·1r Delhi 1-0R.'irl.

DURHAM, UNIVERSITY OF i-SS2c. - Eketrir Supply Co. (Gr. Brit.) i-9.10h. Durieh, Josd i-792d. D1if·i����b: Ezuile (s odol ogi st ) Durncss limPRtone fi-1 7.-id . D u r� t , Alan L iii-..JBS('. DUSE, ELEONORA i-RS2--!ULl. EvansnllP, I n d . iii-OO l a . Entn-Thomas, H . (Ad i ral l ii520c foil. Ere (weekly) ii-1052a. J:: r ening Journal, The (N.Y.) 1-4:3\ld . - 11Iaa, 1'he ii-1055b. - Xcw.-; , Th e., London ii-1050c,

m

n

105 lc, I OH:>d . Ev Pni g p r im r o� e i- 1 07 Ud .

schools: (Gr . B ri t . ) iii-7:1Dh; l ' . R . i- l Oa. Eren i n o /S/(£ ndard, London iiIOGOb foil. - Snn ii-1 0.5.% . - Tulcqram ii-l O!ilib. - H' isro 11.sin, l\Iil . , "\\,.is. i-440a. EVEREST, MOUNT i - 1 01i7c. " E ve r it e " i-2:Uok· . EvershNl Bearing l m lientor ii:JOOa. Everybody's JIaanzine ii- I056d. EvrPinov, Ni itals II36Sd; i mmigr atio n ii-9 l l n. ; labour dispu t es Iii-GoOd ; liquor control (war} ii-714b; mar­ riage laws ii-Rl4a; mrntal dcficirncy ii-87 lb; rel ief work iil -3 32c ; rent (tab]P) li-3SOa; town planning i-643c ; tu­ berculosis iii-365r.. - , ANATOLE li-77h. FRANCHET D'ESPEREY, L . li-IOSc; i-568b , 1 2 1 d foi l . ; iii­ .5fic foil. FRANCIS FERDINAND (of Austria) 11-JOS