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English Pages 650 [828] Year 1884
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THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
V
. V
:
ECLECTIC
ESEJAPMESE-Em
C
DICTIONARY OP
^ifl&t
^Ipumxti
Cljnuse Characters,
Sefecteir
INCLUDING
AN INTKODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF THESE CHAKACTEES AS USED IN JAPAN, AND AN APPENDIX OF USEFUL TABLES.
COMPILED AND ARRANGED BY
REV. AyVlBROSE
D.
GRING.
PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS FOR FOREIGN MISSIONS OF THE (gEEMAN) REFORMED CHURCH IN THE UNITED STATES.
YOKOHAMA KELLY AND COMPANY. Hongkong & Shanghai
:
Kelly & Walsh.
1884. [All Rights Eeserved.]
mo
"As
the heart of a people
tongue, and is
to
all
be found
that in
is
Its
is
best worth dialect and
Missionary and Scholar, as well the vernacular as classical
his
reached through
most
language that feeds
mother
knowing about a country literature, the
Christian
as the Official, will master
precious it,
its
instrument,
and the
as his most useful storehouse
of information and illustration, argument and authority."
—Life of John Wilson, D.
R.
MEIKLEJOHN
Sl
CO., PRINTERS, NO.
D., F. R. S.
26 WATER STREET, YOKOHAMA.
PREFACE.
The
object of the present
work
is, first,
to
comprise
within as small a compass as possible the most essential
results of the best native
and foreign scholars
of the Chinese written symbols, as apply to the study of these characters in the literature of to so
Japan
second,
arrange and simplify these results as to
make
their acquisition a pleasure, as well as to secure the
greatest possible facility in their application. First.
The introduction
is
intended to give the
student a general acquaintance with the construction
and use of most
of those characters
which
will not only prove
remembering the specmc sounds and meanings of characters, but which will roost assist Lim in that which is still more important the free and speedy use of the to liim as a beginner service to liim in
Dictionary.
stands
first
To
this
end a knowledge of the Badicala
in importance,
and are here so arrangea
as to secure the greatest variety and interesi in their
study and mastery.
Next in importance
is
the select
list of
Primitives,
which are calculated to greatly assist the student in remembering the sounds and meanings of the
most useful
derivatives.
Following these the student
7r?i -"9
PEEFACE.
ii
grouped according to their frequency in
will find
christain literature, such characters as will serve as
an excellent exercise Primitives,
and
for identifying the Radicals
same time acquaint him with derivatives in the language. Accom-
and
at the
the most useful
panying the Eadicals and Primitives are their ordinary cursive and old forms, for the purpose of preparing
the student to convert at sight sucli characters into their
square or more modern form, and thus be
able to ascertain their
meanings by means
of this
dictionary.
The dictionary
Second.
thousand
consists
much
arranged as
characters,
select
of about eight
as
possible in the order of their frequency under their radicals, as
under the
words in other dictionaries are arranged
Where
letters of the alphabet.
the groups
are large they are subdivided by
sponding to the
corre-
initial stroke of the primitive,
thus ob-
viating the necessity of running over the whole group.
By
arrangement the characters are treated as
this
words,
which obviates the cumbersome system of
counting the strokes of the primitive, usually employed in
The
native works.
consideration of
first
student in the use of characters the dictionary quickly. to affirm that the office of
will enable
is
dictionary of his
hesitate
thorough mastery of the order and little
practice,
by
this
any one
to refer to the dic-
may
wish, as easily and
tionary for any character he quickly as he
the ability to use
The writer does not
the Eadicals, with a
arrangement,
is
the
accustomed
to turn to
words in a
own language.
The Japanese modification
of the
Chinese sounds
PREFACE. of the characters will be
Kana, the
first
iii
found romanized and in
being the Kan-on and the second the
Go-on pronunciation.
however, that
It often occurs,
both sounds are either Kan-on or Go-on while in other >
instances only one sound
made
is
The Japanese-
given.
characters, indicated by the half parenthesis,
are usually without
sound.
)
used Japanese meanings in
(
the Ko-ki-ji-ten
(, g
The most commonly Kana, are taken from and the Giyoku-hen
The student may therefore expect to find meanings of characters whicn are not given here, it
)•
being one of the principal objects of the writer to
avoid burdening the beginner with too as well as to afford
him
many meanings,
the oppoi'tuiiity of doing some-
thing for himself.
The analysis to analyze
is
intended to accustom the student
the characters, as well as to aid
remembering
their meanings.
Many
him
of these
in
com-
ponent parts constitute separate characters, while
The English equivalents are the most important Chinese meanings translated from the Imperial Dictionary of China, principally by the late Dr. Wells Williams, and Drs. Morrison, Medhurst and others. Examples of the various uses and combinations of others are seldom used alone.
characters were omitted, on the
ordinary combinations stood, while practice,
are
ground that
usually
easily
the
under-
the difficult ones are best acquired by
and
also
to
avoid increasing the size of
the book unnecessarily.
The Appendix, consisting of the Shi-Sei, In-so, Contracted and Synonymous characters "with their full
PREFACE.
iv
forms, the Kata-kana, Hira-hana, and Yamato-kana
most
use arranged over the Go-jiu-on, a List of
in
Characters whose Radicals are Obscure, and the Index, will all be
found convenient
The student for fit
for reference.
will find that the
preparation needed
using the present work will at the same time
him
using native dictionaries as well, the
for
ultimate aim of every student, and the writer ventures
to
hope,
that this
little
work
•will
prove
sufficiently extensive as not to disappoint those wlio
may
consult
its
pages.
The student
in China,
by
adding the sounds of the characters peculiar to the dialect
he
is
learning, for which space
also be able to use this
work
is
left,
may
to advantage.
The writer takes pleasure in acknowledging his obligations to all native and foreign students of Chinese and Japanese whose works have been consulted during the preparation of the present work, and particularly to Mr. Tsuji Shidzuka ( it whose deep interest, steady perseverance, and valuable suggestions have aided greatly in bringing the work to its present
),
No
form.
originality is claimed, except the originality
of the plan.
In the languages of China and Japan, as
in languages generally, is
new '
If the present
little
everything old
in
furnishing
foreign
understanding
better
Ever thing new
work
will
students
the
is old,
and
accomplish aught
any assistance
difficult
but
in
beautiful
language of this interesting and intelligent people,
and thus better fulfill the mission that brought them to the East, the writer will be repaid for his labor
:
and
if,
on the other hand,
it
will furnish the
PREFACE.
young men
Japan anything
V
them in their study of the English language, or to assist them in the study of their own, and thus afford them opportunity for the study of Western literature and science, in which they exhibit such comrising
mendable
of
interest, the
many
to aid
pleasant hours of study
and labor in writing and arranging this little book will not by the providence of God have been illbestowed.
A. D. G. Tokid, Japan, Nov. 12, 1884,
PRINCIPAL BOOKS CONSULTED Ji-ga Ji-ii
( (.
)•
( ). ( . (. (
Setsu-mon Sei-jitsu
GiyoJai-hen
Kd-ki-ji-ten
.
Williams' Svllabic Chinese Dictionary. Morrison's Chinese Dictionary.
Medlmrst's Chinese Dictionary.
Systema Phoneticiim. Marshman's Clavis Sinica. Hepburn's Japanese-English Dictionary. Gallery's
Hoffman's Japanese Grammar. Aston's
Grammar
of the
Japanese Written Language.
Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan.
Edkins'
Introduction
to
the
Study of
Chinese
Characters.
Wade's Progressive Course
of Colloquial Chinese.
Indices of Legge's Chinese Classics.
Bridgman's Canton Chrestomathy.
,
Stent's Vocabulary.
Martin's Analytical Header.
Summers' Hand-book. Chinese Repository, Record and Keview,
Gamble's Select Characters. List of Characters in the Fonts Mission
Press,
Foundries.
Shanghai,
etc.
of the Presbyterian
and
Tokio
Type
INTRODUCTION. It is
generally conceded that the people of Japan
had no written characters previous
to the introduction
of the Chinese symbols of writing. to
have taken place during the
This
latter half of the third
century of our era by way of Coi'ea. traces of Chinese writing in
believed
is
may
There
Japan before
this,
be
but
the probabilities are that the introduction proper of
these written symbols took place rather later,
than earlier than the above mentioned Japanese historians have it that the Ron-go Confucian Analects, the Sen-ji-mon
Thousand Character
)
Classic,
period.
( ), ( ), (
ana the Kd-kid
Classic of Filial Piety, were
among
the
first
which were brought over by the Chinese scholars Ajiki and Wani, under the auspices of the King of Kudara, one of the provinces of Corea. books
The
first effect of
the introduction of Chinese -was
that the higher classes set to work to read and write
these characters, and
soon began to employ them
own language.
in their
From
that
time to the
present day these symbols, in one form or other,
have been studied for the purpose of reading Chinese literature, and to write and read the JaiDanese language.
.
In the sixth century, however, tion of
Buddhism B
tlirougli the introduc-
into Japan, the study of Chinese
INTRODUCTION.
To
general.
may
language
and soon
impetus,
received a great this
general
study of
be attributed the
many
after
became
the
Chinese
Chinese words,
idioms and phrases to be found in the literature of Japan. So extensively have the Chinese written symbols, in their
or
full
contracted
forms,
been
employed to write the language of J apan in all departments of literature and in all ranks of society, that it is impossible to study the written and spoken language with any degree of thoroughness
knowledge
without a
of
these
have become part of the language, and in schools
of
all
the
Empire these characters are yet
the
studied simultaneously with the kanci, so
would De
They
characters.
difficult to find
that
it
a person in the Empire
capable of reading and writing
who
does not more or
employ them or their sounds, both in writing and speaking. The Japanese in adopting the Chinese written symbols to write their language, did not change its grammatical structure, however much less
they received in addition in other respects.
PEONUNCIATION OR SOUND OF CHAEACTEKS. The Japanese modification of the Chinese sound of a character is called by them its On () or Koi/e ) and the Japanese words whicli express the meaning of a Chinese character, are called by them its Kun () or Yomi () Again, characters which represent the mere soimd of Chinese words are known as Ji-on
(
kana
(
mere sound
•
)
while those which represent the
of Japanese
words are known as
Kim
INTKODUCTION.
(
si
).
This ideographic and phonetic use
of characters are
known among Japanese respectively and Kana ig) characters.
kana as
(
Mana The
pi'onunciaticni or
sound of characters
is
They may have one of three pronunciations known as the Kan-on ), and To -in ). In some instances
invariably the same. dialectic
()
Go-on
(
(
sounds are
these
not
the
same,
have a
or
resemblance, while at other times they
The Kan-on
strong
are very
most widely used, although introduced into Japan by the literati long after the Go-on, and was the pronunciation of Chinese characters used by the most celebrated men of China during the Han Dynasty. Next in importance pronunciation, which was in all is the Go-on probability introduced into Japan from the kingdom unlike.
is
the
()
of
Go by
the Buddhists, and
is still
used by them in
()
The Td-i7i resembles the present Mandarin sounds, but because of its limited their
litanies.
use, is of little practical importance to the beginner
and is therefore dismissed without further elucidation. When it becomes necessary to distingiiisli these sounds they must be referred to worKs especially
( ),
prepared for this purpose, such as the In-Jdd etc. It is not,
tinguish
sounds at
however, pai'ticularly necessary to dis-
them except iu native
for philological purposes.
dictionaries are
the side of the
cliaracter
These
generally placed
—the
Kan-on on the
and the Go-cm on the left when botli sounds are given but this is by no means invariably the
right
case,
for
indicated
it
often
are both
occurs
that
the
sounds thus
Kan-on or both Go-on
j^ouuds.
INTRODUCTION.
xii
These sounds in standard native dictionaries are indicated by two well known characters, given im-
The consonant
mediately below the characters.
sound of the
first
of the
character, added to the vowel of the
sound of the second, gives the sound of the character This system is called the Hansetsu indicated. or Kayeshi (^C), and is easily understood in detail
)
with the aid of a teacher and the Go-jm-on.
sounds are changed by inflection, and have
these
when thus changed.
particular meanings Sei,
Again,
Appendix, the changes of sound and
the
in
meaning
In the Shi
of a select list of characters will be seen.
NATURE OP CHAEACTEES. Chinese characters answer properly to the written
No
words of other languages. itself
one character forms in
a proposition, nor contains the force of a nouu,
or a verb, of a substantive and
an action and
its
may
different
characters
the
compound
still
be,
adjuncts, or of
However complicated a
object.
character
its
embracing possibly all
component
parts,
seven
having different meanings,
will
have
its
own meanings
partially or entirely independent of the its
six or
meanings of
and yet perhaps as capable of
uniting with other characters as the simplest character in the language. Neither is there anything in the
heaviness or firmness of the strokes to alter the meaning of the character, nor anything in the construction of the
mood, from
character to indicate gender, number, case, tense, or person. tlic
characters.
connection
These must be either inferred or
expressed by
auxiliary
I
INTKODUCTION.
xiii
MEANING OF CHAEACTEES. Chinese characters do not always represent one idea,
nor whatever position
tliey
occupy always
They
in the
beginning like
confined to that one.
words in other languages probably bad but one or two meanings, and in the course of time accumulated This
a variety of meanings.
seen in
is
the fact
most common characters have the greatest variety of meanings and uses, while rare and technical ones have but very few meanings. The meaning of that
tlie
a character
may
be changed also by
its
position in a
sentence.
Occasionally two characters will be found synony-
mous and used
for the sake of perspicuity,
wliile
other times they lose their original meaning express an idea entirely new.
at
and
There are found also
very ludicrous and puzzling uses of characters. Before
kana writing, a select number of Chinese characters called Yamato kana were used phonetically and ideographically, the introduction
or invention
which are yet found in is
tlie
of
oldest books.
A list
of these
given in the Appendix.
CHINESE CHAEACTEES.— HOW USED IN JAPAN. Modern Japanese writing
is
an intermixture of
Chinese characters with kata-kana
The
proportion
of
versa, varies greatly.
many
Chinese
to
Some books
and hira-kana. kana, and vice will
Chinese characters while others
have a great
may have
few.
xiv
INTRODUCTION.
same
In
the
be
expressed
ifl
anotliev
in
hana*
with
written
Chinese
a
book
part of the
of
Chinese
one
at
character,
may
it
Much depends apon Words
writer.
may
book a word
time while
be written
the fancy of the
origin
are
generally
Chinese, as well as niany of the roots of
111
Again, these characters
important Japanese words.
()
are used to write Kam-hiin writing, called
()
Haku-hun
or pure
or
Chinese
Mu-tm
( ),
same style is accompanied with marks and participial and verbal endings to while at other times this
Japanese
the
assist
called Kun-ten
()
characters are used
(
and
verbal
),
student style.*
still
construe the text
At other times these
many
with
kana,
endings in
while
to
words,
particles,
kana-majm
called
in other instances they are used
with their sound or meani7ig written at the side, called kana-tsuki. Again these characters are written in
and contracted forms, respectively, with the kata and hira-kana. Examples of the variety of ways
their full
of writing characters is given further on. *
The hook
indicates the transposition of two words following
each other.
,
indicate the skipping over of two The Chinese numerals or more characters. indicate that and below The characters above middle those parts which have already been marked are again to be
skipped over.
The
cyclical signs
,
,
etc.,
indicate a
still
further skipping
over.
The above signs may occur
in composition to indicate a
further skipping over of characters. well to
make
from the
himself independent of
outset.
still
The student, however, will do these signs and discard them
i
X7
INTRODUCTION.
VAEIOUS STYLES OF WEITING CHAKACTEES. The
I.
This
Teii'Sho
( ).
considered the most ancient style of writ-
is
ing and stands next to the original hieroglyphics. I
lapse of ages.
contains
It
and modifications.
ful inventions
common
and most
present
conveniently subdivided into
() and )
The Dai-ten
1.
commonly
is
The Sho-ten
use.
It
may
of
be
:
or large seal characters,
used principally for seals 2.
It
by foreigners the seal character, because
called Its
many changes in the many variants, fanci-
however, undergone
lias,
stamps.
or small seal characters,
(>]>
ornamental inscriptions and These are prefaces to books as well as for seals. and Shu-ji again divided into the Haku-ji used for
principally
[-^
()
)
white and red letter seals.
The
II.
TMs been
is
Rei-sho
the
official
introduced
commencement
in
It
Happun
or
and
style,
documents.
is
( ).
said
dynasty,
the Tsin
of the Christian
style for engrossing for scrolls,
()
to
have
near the
Era, as an elegant It is
mucli used also
monumental inscriptions and book prefaces.
reauires no special study to read
it,
since
it
differs
so slightly from the next, which is fast replacing for
it
governmental purposes. III.
This
been
The Kai-sho
is
oi Shin-sho
called the pattern style,
It is
and
is
( ). said to have
by improvement in good the usual form of Chinese characters.
gradually
writing.
(
formed
INTRODUCTION.
xvi
and no.one can lay claim to a literary name among bis countrymen who is unable to write neatly and correctly in this style.
angles of the So -did
has neither the sharp
It
() ) (
nor the wavy uncertain
flowing lines of the Gid-sho
may
This style
namely 1. The Su-cho
)
(and
the art of printing
aud is
printing.
It is
vliicli
is
( ).
classes,
was introduced with
used extensively for writing
the style upon wliicii most stress
strokes are almost all equally shaded,
Its
laid.
iind Sd-slio
be subcliYicled into two
:
stiff
and very clear and distinct. wliicli consists of light 2 The Min-cho and heavy lines, is used extensively in books of the better class, and is very clear and pretty.
slightly leaning,
(
lY.
This style
hand. is
is
the
It is
The
Gid-sho
( ).
commonly known as the running common hand of a neat writer, and
frequently used in prefaces of books, inscriptions,
scrolls
and
tablets.
perfect freedom.
It
however does not admit of
The brush may be carried from
stroke to stroke without being raised from the paper,
but no component strokes of a character are allowed to be
thrown
So-sho,
out.
and with a V.
This
and
is
free,
This style little
The
is
practice
Sd'sho
not so is
difficult
as the
easily read.
( ).
called the grass or running hand, run wild so as to resemble entangled grass.
full of abbreviations,
from character
for the
to character
brush
is
made
without being
the paper, almost at the writer's fancy.
It
to
lifted
is
run
from
Well edu-
INTRODUCTION.
xvii
cated natives often find difficulty in reading
it.
abbreviated forms are adopted, and from these strokes are wanting.
read
it.
A good
It requires
Many many
a particular study to
knowledge of the contracted forms of
the Eadicals and Phonetics will be the best preparation for the study of this style.
In the meanwhile
uot be out of place to request
all
bills
will
and corre-
spondence to be writ en in Kai-sho and So-cho
Shopmen
it
style.
are sometimes better acquainted with the
abridged forms of characters than with the
forms and natm'ally prefer to
fuller
wi'ite in this style.
There are also characters so written as to represent the wheat head, the dragon liead, tadpole and bamboo sprout, etc.
Specimens of tbe above mentioned
of written characters
the following
list
and
styles
their varieties are given in
with the
name
of the character
and
their inventor.
;
ii
Ko-hun
Dai-ten
S ho -ten
Chu-hun
() ()
() ()
( (
( Sd-kitsu
(
tK)
Til
Shi-chu
Bi-sJii
Shi-chu
INTRODUCTION.
xviii
Ken-sliin-
)
ten
(s
So-ki
(
Kai-ran-
)
ten
(
Sui-un-
Rm-so-
Yd-raku-
ten
ten
ten
( Ei-ko
()
K a- to -ten
m ) a-
Shi-itsu
Ko-bun
(
(
(
0-gi-shi
Eiii-toku-
shU
)
Hi-hakiisho
)
Ko-rei
(
Sai-yu
Tei-baku
( m)
(m
INTRODUCTION.
Ten- ten
Sen- to -ten
Sui-rO'ten
() [-tan
()
Shi-ye-ten
Riu-vo-ten
(
(
)
xix
Chin-mn
Ei-kan
(
(m
Cho-chii'
ten
)
( So-ki
Kai-vd-ten
Shu-Tio-m* sei
( )
Sd-sha
() Mii-Jio
)
)
INTRODUCTION.
Happun
Kon-so
(A
()
(
O-shi-chiU
Ei-kan
( )
Hattei
( 0-ken-shi
( ) We
are inaebted to Mr. Makirotan
above carefully collected specimens
(
f
of characters.
)
of
Tokio for the
INTRODUCTION.
As a matter utility,
of curiosity
xxi
perhaps,
rather than
a few pages are given to the various classes of
writing into which the Chinese have divided their characters, gathered from various sources, principally
from the
late
SIX WEITINGS 1.
They are
Dr. Wells Williams.
Sho-kei
()
called the
( ).
Imitative Symbols or
Hieroglyphics.
These are supposed
to be the first
made
being pictures of objects such as the vapor,
MODERN.
The
Jitsu
J
"
written
moon
Mountain
Mokic
Eye
Shi
Child
Ba
Horse
Qiyo
Fish
Mokit
Tree
*S
now
sun,
San
2.
sun, moon,
water, sheep, mountain, etc.
fish,
ANCIENT.
Getsii
characters,
/""
)
These are intended form or composition.
INDICATIVE Symbols. to represent ideas
The sim
denotes morning, while the
ing signifies eveniug
when
by their
just above the horizon
moon
but half appear-
the sim lias just
set.
A
INTRODUCTION.
xxii
dot above a line, called the dividing
heaven and earth,
between
line
signifies above, while a clot
beneath
signifies below.
MODEEN.
ANCIENT.
Tan
Morning,
now
SeU
Evening
"
"
Sho
Above
"
"
Ka
Below
"
"
Union
"
"
A
Kd Chu
written
"
Center, or middle 3.
Kai-i
()
or
Ideographic.
This class includes those characters which combine ideas and suggestions by uniting two or three characters to represent a single idea
for instance, tlie
com-
and moon
may
or a piece of
wood
bination of the characters for sun
stand for brightness, while a in a door -way
may
tree,
as aptly denote ohstructiGn
again,
may stand for a forest, while the characters for eye and man combined may easily denote seeing men sitting on the ground may represent the act of sitting three men may represent many two fires, two
trees
one above the other, suggests hurning or hrightness a mouth in a door suggests the idea of asking
and death combined, denotes mouth, to hark tvoman and
forgeifulness
and
^pencil
and
The student however will be he depends too much upon this system of
hooky to write, if
dog and
hroovi, the faithful wife
attending to her liouseliold duties
misled
heart
etc.
combining ideas.
It will of
course be a help to liim,
INTRODUCTION,
but
it
xxiii
lacks that perfection which will enable one
unacquainted with a compound character
to
de-
meaning by its component parts on the other hand it is in most cases certain that a third idea, made by combining two others, usually requires more or less explanation to fix its meaning beyond a doubt. In the instances cited above, we can easily see how the characters sun and moon combined may with equal propriety denote a solar or termine
its
precise
lunar eclipse, or the idea of
time, as brightness,
A
wood in a door-way may as properly repreDu Ponceau sent a threshold as an obstruction, piece of
stoutly refutes the idea that Chinese characters ad-
dress
themselves so plainly to the eye
meaning
is easily
On
construction.
deciucible
that their
from their shape and
the contrary,
it
miglit almost be
said that not a single character can be
accurately
mere inspection of its parts. The meaning now given of some of those which come under this class are also so arbitrary and far-fetched as to show defined by a
conclusively that Chinese characters were
not
made
by rule or plummet, any more than words in other languages. ANCIENT.
MODEKN.
now
Kan
M
Obstruction
Rm
A
Ken
To
&ee
Za
To
sit
Kd
Emperor
forest
written
INTRODUCTION.
xxiv
Ten-cliTi
4.
()
The characters
Antithetic on Inverted
of this class occur
Sy-^ibols.
sometimes turned
partially or completely around, so as to indicate a
new sound
or modification of meaning.
MODERN.
ANCIENT.
now
lu
Eight hand,
Sa
Left hand
Dan
Sundered
Kei
Continuous
Shin
Body
I
Body turned round 5. Ka-sliahi
written it
( ) Metaphoric
Symbols.
This class includes metaplioric symbols and com-
which the meaning
by a fanciful accommodation, as for instance the symbol for a written character is composed of a child under a
binations
ill
shelter, characters
is
deduced
being considered the well-nurtured
Of the metaphoi'ic use of
offspring of hieroglyhics.
words we have an example in the symbol the original use of heart,
is
now almost
wliicli,
for
to signify the
material
forgotten,
ANCIENT.
MODERN.
Ji
(7^
A written character, now written
Shin
Q
5
Onna
"
Yama
"
INTRODUCTION.
Ixxx
Km
Sliimesu hen
hen
Yumi
'*
Nogi
"
Koromo "
Giyonin ben
Kome
"
Te hen
Hitsuji
"
San
Ito
"
Rissliiu
"
sui
Kemono hen
v.^
Haue
((
'(
Suki
"
Hi
"
Mimi
"
Tsuki
"
Sbita
"
Niku dzuki
Fune
"
hen
Musbi
"
Usbi
"
Tsuno
"
Katsu
"
Gom
ben
Kata
"
Tani
hen
Sho
"
Mame
"
Tama
'*
luoko
"
Ta
"
Toku
"
Haku
"
Kai
"
Kawa
"
Ashi
"
Me
"
Mi
"
Ya
"
Kuruma "
Ishi
"
Hiyomi-no-tori
Kata
Ki
1^
S
Ixxxi
INTRODUCTION.
Furu Sato
hen
Kane
"
hen
Kiba
tori
"
Kozato Ozato
Tsukuri kawa
Akubi
Oshi
Kibi
hen
Oto hen
Nira
"
Okai
Hirabi
Giki
Ken kuwa
hen
Uma
Besshm
Hone
Hatten
Uwo
Hi
Tcri
Kuclii
hen "
Shika lio
Mon
).
(
Kamaye.
Hako
gamaye
gamaye
To
Kakusbi
"
Kuni
Ho
"
(
Shin
So
Fu
M5
niu
•
IBU.
INTRODUCTION.
Ixxxii
Hu Fusbi dzukuri
(.
TSUKURI.
P
To
dzukuri
La
Hi
"
Boku
"
Oto
"
Ge
"
Hito
"
Mata
"
Cliikara
"
Sun
"
Hoko
"
O
"
Hoku
"
Ono
"
Bun
"
Eumata "
San
"
J
17>
INTRODUCTION.
Ixxxiii
SUBJECT DISTRIBUTION OF KADICALS. Intended to Assist in Ascertaining the Equivalent
Chinese Chaeacters for English "Words. under
Descriptions of things of earth
Of
tilings relating to
Of things
relating to
woman
"
man
"
earth.
3C
w.
"'o
man.
Anything that comes under cover
"
'
grounds
"
[Jj
All kinds of cloth
"
ffj napkin.
All sorts of buildings
"
Things belonging to archery
"
how.
Things that respect walking
"
walkinr/.
"
heart.
Whatever may be done with the band
"
hand.
Everything bright and glorious
"
sun.
All arborial productions
"
^^^^ tree.
Things referring
"
All descriptions of rising
Whatever has reference
Those referring
to the
to the breath
to
death
mind
"
* cover.
J
mountain.
cover,-
to
^
pant.
decay.
Hairy things
"
haii\
Watery tbmgs
"
water.
The
"
fire.
"
cattle.
results of fire
Horned
cattle
INTRODUCTION.
IxXXiv
"
under
The canine breed
J'
Precious stones
"
Melons
"
Pottery
"
^
Agricultural matters
"
JZLJ field.
Diseases
Things belonging
to vision
gem.
," .
" "
pJ
brick.
disease. eye.
Minerals
"
^Ji
Supernatural things
"
7J> omen.
Grain
"
grain.
Hollow places
"
/\
Bamboo
"
nPT bamboo.
Various kinds of rice
"
y|C
Various kinds of
"
^
utensils
silk
stone.
cave.
rice.
silk.
"
ear.
Fleshy substances
"
meat.
Plants
"
grass.
Insects
"
Clothes
"
Speech
"
W
Precious things
"
_M
Anything done by the foot
"
Conveyances
"
Things relative
to the ear
^
insect.
clotti.
precious.
foot.
carriage.
Ixxxv
INTRODUCTION. n
Movements Anything relative
going,
r
region,
to cities
Fermented liquors
liquor,
Metallic productions
metal,
Anything regarding a door
I
J
door,
mound.
High grounds Vapors
hRj rain.
Things made of leather
tji raw -hid"
Anything relating Articles of food
to the
head
parje.
food.
Horses
horse»
Bones
bone.
Fishes Birds
hird^
INTRODUCTION.
Ixxxvi
CLASSIFICATION OF EADICALS. Radicals Relating to the Body.
Body
Teeth
Corpse
Tusk
Head
Tongue
Parts of a skull
Hand
Hair
P
TCt
Right hand
Down Whiskers
^
Heart fH]
Foot
^
Face
Hide
Eye
Leather
Ear
Skin
|^
Nose
Wings
>^
Mouth
f3
Feathers
Flesh
1^
Blood
Horn Bear's footprint
jfil
Talons |
J
Bone
Zoological Radicals.
Man
Horse
Womn
Sheep
Child
Tiger
H
INTRODUCTION
Dog
Rep tile
Ox
Rodents
Hog
Toad
Hog's head
Bird
Deer
Gallinaceous fowls
Tortoise
Fish
Dragon
Insect
Ixxxvii
Botanical Eadicals.
Herb
Pulse
Grain
Bamboo
Rice
Sacrincial herbs
Wheat
Wood
Millet
Branch
Hemp
Sprout
Leeks
Petal
Melon
Mineral Eadicals. Metal
Salt
Stone
Earth
Gem
t3
INTRODUCTION.
Ixxxviii
Meteorological Eadicals. Rain
Sound
Wind
Sun
Fire
Moon
Water
Evening
i
Icicle
Time
Vapor
Eadicals Kelating to Utensils.
A
chest
A
measure
A
mortar
U
Net
Plow f_|
Vase
Spoon
Tripod
Knife
Boat
Bench
Carriage
Couch
^
Pencil
Clothes
Bow
Head
Shield
covering
Crockery
^Ti
Halberd
Tile
Dish
Napkin
Seal
lIlL
Javelin
Arrow
_
INTEODUCTION.
Ixxxix
Spear
Musical reed
Ax
Drum Eadicals Eelating to Qualities.
Color
Slender
Black
Strong
White
Feeble
Yellow
Old
Azure
jpg
Fragrant Acrid
Carnation
—/
Somber
Vicious
High
Perverse
Long
Selfish
Sweet
p
Opposed
Square
/0
Blending
Large
y\
Even
X
Small
Radicals Eelating to Actions.
To
enter
To
follow
yy
To
stride
To walk
To walk slowly
To reach
To
To move on
arrive at
G
to
u INTRODUCTION.
xc
To oversLadow
To envelop
To
distinguish
To
eucircle
To
divine
To
establish
To
see
To
quarrel
To
eat
To rap
To
say-
To embroider
To speak
To owe
To
kill
To compare
To
step
To go
^
To bring
forth
To use
swiftly
To
stop
To proinulge
To
fly
To
To
conceal
straddle
Eadicals Relating to Parts of the
Would and
Dwellings.
A
desert
A
cave
n
A
cliff
Receptacle ruts
A
field
A
city
A mound
A
roof
A
hill
A
gate
A
valley
A
door
A
rivulet
A
portico
INTRODUCTION.
xci
Numerical Eadicals. One
~
Eight
Two
ZL
Ten
*
Miscellaneous Eadicals.
A demon
Self
Au
Myself
A
inch
mile
Father
Without
A
point
Not
A
hook
Not having
New
A
scholar
Silk
A
statesman
Joined hands
wine
Letters
Disease
Art
A
surname
Wealth
A
classifier of cloth
J
U INTRODUCTION.
xcii
THE KADICALS SO-SHO
THE KAI-SHO AKD TEN-SHO
IN
(
() (
STYLES OF WEITING.
^
^
^1
rt,
A
^ .
I
V
^otr:
^ . U V
J J
ar
AA
.^
PTl
4^
I
(I
A »•
-^7.3r5i>
6
-'
« c U
0
>
^ 5 .^
^
INTRODUCTION.
. 1 . P
E
XCIU
dt: M-c^
oln
1=5^
w\ .
rrh
.^
f PI
^"^^-
—
.
^^
^K
^^
^
^
4^
.
A
.4
w v-r
fs^lt
f
,^ ,-5^
©
TT
^
INTRODUCTION.
XCIV
fffi
g ?4rf
^ ^ 1.^
K39
JW
. ^
^:^
n
I
5^
^ 41^
,
^ p If
^
f]
»
xcv
INTRODUCTION.
®-
al
^
^ al
Rl
4€
4 i^J
n
^
al^Ii
S
l^t
ii3^.®:5*
INTRODUCTION.
xcvi
EADICALS IN NONSENSE VEESE.* To Aid
Remembering their Order
in
the Series.
in
I to 10.
One
A A
(
"^
passing through
')
{J
)
curved
hooked stroke
(
J
left
And
stroke
two men
)
(
a
)
|
little
point
() and then
with two
() ( L)
.
()
form the ten. ,
enter
() eight () a limit
cover
(*-*) ice
(J
)
),
covers (-^) plain,
II to 20.
To To
(
(f
J)
square
in plenty
() receptacle ([_J) and knife (), With strength () infold () make twenty. A
bench
21 to 30.
A
spoon
within a case
(D
() fortune-tellers )
Ten
A
)
(
(
seal
Mouth
P ) a
(
()
cliff
( ) and
up the score
concealed ijZ)
dii'ty,
selfish
()
hands
(31),
to thirty.
81 to 40.
(Q) ground () for scholars () mild, Ho follow ) slow () and haughty The evening ) a large (:^) female () chilct
Inclosing
( (
Bring us
()
to cover (r^)
forty.
) ()
41 to 50.
An
A
inch
() ()
a small
distorted
sprout (J^), a mountain
()
The above, with
characters,
unknown.
is
'(
).;-.
() just
and the insertion of the China Beview," vol. iv author
slight alterations
taken from the
(
rill
With 2vork oneself () and nap km The first half hundred fill. •
corpse
INTRODUCTION.
xcvii
51 to 60.
(
A shield () though small A journey (J^), to join hands An
With
triple feathery
From
fifty to sixty
If
one short step
),
{jY)*
() how () and pig,
arroiv
(
a sheltering roof
s -head
(3L) stuck
bands,
)
give us the key,
(>f
to
)
them added
be.
61 to 70.
() an inner door ( A hand () a branch () a () With () measure (), catty (jf square () The
gO, a spear
heart
),
hloio
letters
Make
),
seventy, you know.
71 to 80.
Without
() the sun ()
() to owe
With wood Perverse
And
(), the moon (), and rest (),
(
to kill
),
to speak
(^ ), and "mu "
do not
(
()
),
eighty stand confessed.
81 to 90.
()
Comparing Breath
(
A father
hair
water
),
() JC)
with famity
,
() and
CR) iiails
(),
to comply {^), with couch (^),
(^)
For ninety never
mils. '
91 to 100.
To
A
splinter
sombg}'
(
()
),
teeth
piece oi
() a cow () a dog (), jade ()
With melon (), earthen {%), meet Produce () a hundred said.
To
use
(
Diseased
(
()
to taste,
101 to 110.
a field
(
),
a roll of cloth
to hack to hack (y^O
(
men,
)
INTRODUCTION.
xcviii
White
() skin ()
spear
A
a dish
()
an
eye
()
and
()
hundred make, plus
ten.
Ill to 120.
() to admonish () a man, in a cave () To creep Cfy), to put grain -ing eat rice () and wear To stand () a hamhoo
An
(),
arrow
a stone
(
(
'() For a hundred and twenty are brave. 121 to 130.
Take a crockery
()
and a sheep
()
that
()
has wings
An
net
(-^)
() man and () a plow () pencil '^) with flesh ^ ear () and
elderly
Add an
(
[
)
them, and You've a hundred and thirty I trow. 131 to 140.
() mortar (p) and a tongue () Opposing ( ) a boat () perverse () a
A A
minister' s
()
self
(
g)
arriving
tint
()
And shrubs () by poets sung> Make up a hundred and forty " Keys," Or " Eadicals
"
whichever you please. 141 to 150.
() blood () to ivalk () Clothing () to superintend () use words (, or seek a horn ( To view (
A
tiger {}^), insects
A valley's ()
sheltered end,
Complete the ten times fifteen set, Though sixty -four remain as yet.
to
.
INTRODUCTION.
xcix
151 to 160.
The common
(^) and
Reptiles
To run
A
yulsc
()
carriage
()
that feeds the pigs
(
pearls
with feet
() and
(D
oi fleshy hue
()
()
() in the hitter () rue, a hody
Make sixty plus a hundred more, By adding ten to those before. 161 to 170.
)
motion ) and a city () fair, Time C THne CS), separate {^), and sound, some metal long () a door A mile And lastly, "fu" a mound ), Make up ten times seventeen, In which four double forms are seen.*
()
()
(
(f^)
171 to 180.
()
To reach () a short-tailed sparroiv Rain () from the azure () sky, That which is negative the face Raw -hide and leather (() dry, With onions or leeks (^^) and a tone or a sound (), Under one hundred and eighty are found.
()
()
)
181 to 190.
(
The head
j
of a
man aud
blow,
To fly () and With fragrance
to eat
(
() and
the wind
that doth
() to go, () hones () exalted
and as
horse
()
leader
and hair (gj) Added on, and a bimdred and ninety are (i^),
* Viz.,
Nos. 162, 163, 168 and
170
there.
INTRODUCTION.
c
191 to 200. a sweet plant (l@) with a tripod
To fight ghost
(
(
()
and •
and a hircl () and some hrine ("! A fish and " ma" hemp (Jl) (which A deer (), any grain
(
makes most Of our cordage, and cables Make just twice a hundred
And
only fourteen of the
Yellow
(
to twine),
of radicals plain,
remain.
list
201 to 214. millet
()
hlack
(
as soot,
Emhroidery (^), frogs (^) and tripod () foot, a rat A drum, a Chinese nose ),
(
()
()
Make up the first nine of those Which beyond two hundred go. Regular
()
makes ten
Only four remain These are
" Kiu" a
teeth
to
()
tortoise
and
so,
know. a dragon
()
and a
()
flute
mute,
(
)•
INTRODUCTION.
ci
PEIMITIVES OK PHONETICS. The ordinary method of acquiring Chinese characters in China and Japan, by memorizing them, has given
Among
(
rise
select lists of
the most important of these
),
mm,
many
to
the San-ji-kio
the Three Character Classic
)
(
and the
is
the
Shi-ji-kio
characters.
the Sen-ji-
Thousand Character Classic, the Four Letter
)
(
Classic.
The characters reference jects
in these books are selected with
frequency,
their
to
suitable
as
They are
children.
for
as well
to
also
subin-
tended as preliminary to the study of the Classics.
But however an important part these works may serve in acquiring a knowledge of Chinese characters for natives,
yet
it
cannot be expected that
answer the same purpose chief difficulties in the
these
lists
for the foreigner.
way
of characters,
tliey will
The
of the foreigner using
are 1st, that the student
memorize the characters by their general form without analyzing them 2nd, the single meaning given very imperfectly represents the characters, and are often misleading. It is perhaps im-
is
expected to
possible to so arrange a select to exhibit fully all their various
These symbols,
like
list
of characters as
meanings and uses.
words in other languages, are
by reading where they are used with other words, and where their various shades of meanings are brought out by the thought of the best learned
writer.
It is evident also that
by reading, one
will
INTRODUCTION.
cii
naturally acquire the most useful characters
remember them by
will best
the thought of the author
first,
and
their connection with
this is
now
fast
becoming
a popular method of acquiring a knowieage of the characters in Japan. If,
however, a knowledge of a number of characters
will be helpful as capital, these
must be
selected, not
especially with reference to their frequency of use in
a given number of books, but they must be selected especially with reference to the frequency with which
they combine with other characters to form new ones.
Such a list well analyzed and mastered, in sound and meaning by the aid of a dictionary, cannot fail to be of immense assistance to the student. To the beginner, the Chinese characters appear but a jumble of meaningless strokes, but gradually be discovers that the apparently fortuitous combination of strokes are capable of being separated
main
parts,
from one of which
tlie
sound
into
may
two
usually
be inferred, even though the character has never
been met with before, and from the other a tolerably accurate
meaning
clue to the
may
be obtained. For
convenience the former of these parts
is
called
the
and the latter the Radical or Key The manner in which this simplifies
Primitive, or Phonetic, of a character.
the acquisition of Chinese characters to
need elucidation.
mitting to
It is
is
too apparent
no longer a question of com-
memory an immense number
of separate
characters or pictures, but rather of classifying
new
and strange characters under
their Phonetics,
the Radicals to indicate
general sense of the
derivative.
the
Even suppose
that
tlie
Phonetic
with
and
INTRODUCTION.
ciii
no instance be
Radical could in
relied
on to give
the sound or a clue to the meaning of a derivative,
and that the precise meaning
of every character
must
nevertheless be ascertained from the dictionary, yet it
is
easy to see
how
a knowledge of the two com-
ponent parts of a character
remembering the student in
greatly assist
will
in
Whatever assists diminishing the labor of remembering
its
precise meaning.
the meanings of characters,
The existence
is
advantageous.
of such characters,
which by associat-
ing to themselves others, form the great bulk of the characters
in the
Chinese language, was
Marshman,
certained in 1803 by Dr.
first
in India.
investigating the characters of a Latin
as-
While
dictionary
with reference to their principles of construction, he observed that in numerous instances one character
was the root often or twelve others, each of which was formed from it by the addition of a single Radical. For instance, the addition of the Radical hand to a primitive formed one character, while this same primitive
uniting
different character. for others,
duced
still
with
Radical
head
formed
a
These Radicals again exchanged
and joined with the same primitive proother characters.
He
also discovered that
same primitive generally took the sound of the primitive with some slight variation. This discovery was so fraught with hope, that he was induced to examine the dictionary characters thus
from beginning
formed
to end.
and pleasure, that
all of
from the
He
found with astonishment
the nine thousand characters
contained in the dictionary were formed from eignt
hundred and sixty-two primitive characters.
— -
INTRODUCTION.
civ
Fearing
promised
lest
to
he should be mistaken in a
fact that
throw so much light on the formation
and knowing also that the nine thousand which he had examined were but a small proportion of the whole mass in the language, he was of characters,
constrained, by the help of bis Chinese assistants, to
examine the whole of the Imperial Dictionary. After fifteen months hard labor he had the great satisfaction
of
seeing every character
in the
derived from another, and classed under
4 primitive.
The
to be 3,867, to
wliole
number
dictionary its
of Primitives
proper
he found
which he added the 214 Radicals, most,
combined as Primitives with other Eaaicals,, thus making the whole number of Primitives 4,081, from which all the characters in the dictionary, of which,
/
forty- one thousand, ,
For the purpose
—were derived. most useful he subjected them to an
of ascertaining the
primitives of this large additional examination.
list,
This examination revealed
the fact that out of the 4,081 primitives, 1,726 of this
number combined only a third, and
tliat
once with a Radical to form
they were themselves produced from
other primitives and Radicals, and therefore might for all practical purposes be
dropped from the
list.
Again, he found that 452 others united with only two different Kadicals, and since they also are included
under simpler forms, he excluded these also from the These lists, 1,726 and 452, making 2,178 primilist. producing only 2,630 derivatives, may properly be dropped, leaving only 1,689 primitives^ which, with the 214 Eadicals, produce seven-eighths of all the tives,
characters in the language.
In 1841
J.
M. Gallery
cv
INTRODUCTION.
Marshman's
subjected Dr.
select list of 1,689* primi-
tives to a still further exam ination,
649 of this
list
and found that
united with only three different Eadicals
and that their derivatives were uncommon characters. Dropping these from the list, lie found also that the remaining 1,040 primitives produced 12,740 deriva-
and that they included
tives,
all
the useful characters
in the language.
The
late Dr.
Wells Williams conveniently divides
these primitives into the following classes I.
:
The 214 Eadicals themselves when used
as pri-
mitives.
*
Of the 1689 Primitives 383 produce each 3 derivatives. -
^ 3
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INTRODUCTION.
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clxvii
CHINE SE-JAPANE SB AND
ENGLISH DICTIONARY ,
1
itsii
san
,
A
.
Begiuning
of
numbers.
The dividing stroke between heaven and One the fiist at once as one a, an
tela
y
honest
—
>
few
perfect.
' -,
earth.
Supposed three powers, heaven,
tf .
,.
earth and man. times.
To
hands.
Three,
thrice
several
several
From seal, over hill, aEcT two to second a deputy, a coadjutor, Used only in official titles.
aici,
,.
an assistant.
Original form, Jmnd holding things. The second of the twelve horary characters the second hour of the day from 1 to 3 o'clock a.m.; clown comedian.
U
;
J
©
-0
S
-
.
Signifying a thing above the level, up. Upon on, in to go up, to ascend emiuent, exalted, honorable to present to a superior.
3
.
,
From
generation seasons.
age, a life, sliitsii
sho sha
.
>
shield
Originally from
.
>» strokes for legs also,
one crossing middle
Seven.
deflected.
3
under, tlireo tens. All the world, mankind times, one,
From
stand with two inner for the rounds. And,
and the lower
moreover, besides, further, therefore,
if,
so^
yet, perhaps.
.
ha under,
down
inferior
in
Signifying under the level.
to descend, to to the next.
fall,
to let
Below,
fall,
mean,
,. (2
Originally vian above, barb Mow. A stmg a nail a full grown person workman an individual to sustain to order.
tei
cho
. .
Tcatsu
quest
Jcai
To ask alms,
to beg, to re-
a mendicant,
to give
;
Composed of one, One of the divisions
hei
and
receptacle. brignt.
.
to eyiter^ of
time
The upper stroke heaven the lower An adverb no, part a swallow darting down. not. Placed before the verb in Chinese writing.
©
,
*
^
level.
and, also, moreover,
with
•
s-
to
.
d,*:
coition.
all
ten.
An
(10 Chinese
feet
Hand, grasping
measure
a measure. 11 feet 9 inches English.)
elder
=
standing together on Collected together together
.
same
the
Two men
One and gcme not to return. To cast away
to leave
to cast off
to lose.
.
. first
Oyie and not. Unequaled to receive with respect an intensive pai'tic e.
from
07ie
,
U
name
. and
2
,
central
connect
to
.
inner
in
A
From
month, with a The middle, sides.
the
among
half
to
hn
the mark.
vigorous plant rising above the healthy pleasing; plump jolly.
. , . Fine
ground.
To
.
I
pass"ge
,
bill,
of Confucius.
-
^
Intended for a mound; a mouna; to collect
A
north.
From Upo mouths coimected. passing connect, to string together, strung
through. n
Three last leaves on a
t:
things, as coins, furniture, boxes, fruit, etc.
bamboo twig.
"
.
tf
prcmgs.
A
articles,
Classifier for
fork a crotch
From
a
sticlc
with
a female slave.
3
S?.
s s
stand,
with the
fame
rising.
Originally a lam})-
A
lord,
master
:
sovereign the ciuer, the principal govern that winch gives light.
tan
f
.
to rule
The point a red
the a red
stone,
other part, a pit. Pills red, carnation stone the philosopher's stoue.
.
^
gan
to
Hefers to the ease wiih which round things are rolled. A mil auythiug round.
4
J
,,.
sin
plant issuing
Originally
from the ground. fSign of the possessive, no as a pronoun in the accusative him them it which what to go. dai nai
Air
cannot be recovered.
curling,
am, was doubtless, certainly; forsooth your and.
liO Ill, at,
. . .
In, at
The
with, from, to
is,
what but
bvpath rising and extending. a sign of interrogation or
admiration. .-2
mail's legs.
S
Lcmg,
Long
or something following a time, lasting to make or
continue a long time.
From correct^ turned to the left, to denote its opposite. To be iu want emptv poor exhausted to iujure, to spoil.
, over
e/iter
excelling.
avail oue's self of
which the middle
.
to
Ram's head and homs, To turu back on
depicts.
cunning.
, .
H
, .)
to resemble a 7iew horn tender,
(
Suddenly
Originally thought
child,
•
clever
Youug
From
unexpectedly; hastily
Blades of shears,
to aid
From
as in a chariot
to ascend,
.
', strange
To nde,
sto])
small over one.
first.
To
cut grass
orderly.
5
.
itsu
otsu
Curling
or bud, ust coming out of darkness. Second horary sign one bent, curved. Ofteu used for a phonetic. sprout
(4)
.
Aik1 also
-
kin
ku
even,
Nine
divers.
limited
.
.
11
Milk
milky
one and the nipple.
.
and
n
kitsii
KI
To
sunlight.
incubate.
to
.
b
Tii
one and
to confuse
From
the breasts
poiver of iiaUirCy entirely clean.
From
To regulate
the phonetic, to govern. confusion, disorder.
nut
likewise
Winding, as the courses of to come to an end.
ran
HotSll
besides
final particle.
still
From
the exhausted
Drv
{)'• Said to be a contraction of to entreat to pray to humbly.
beg, to ask alms
6
, concluded
no Tin
yo tracted.
. J
Ch d without
. :
I,
From mail and house, we, our, myself to give.
.
affair
con-
From
hand, coutracted lo denote a record, ad to serve to obey business; an act.
lf
middle
arms. Fixed an end,
to bring to
intelligent
aiia.??o,
7
.
'
looking at each other. to
.
Tavo huiiclibacked men Deformed uglv second
esteem lightly.
Two
strokes, dual
.
power
of lieaveii
and earth, connected by crossing lines. number a perfect number. «
To speak, to say now then.
Vapors curling and rising.
move and return
to
.
,
F
trust
render sincere. 9
©
.
if
From man and ahle. Who,
which, what, how, wherefore
, .
From man and
to command; to send; to to use.
n Now,
.^
From
collected
time
at this
to
To
and up
order,
commission
to^
contracted.
presently.
.
a siieaf, and awws of wheat in reach to bring to get effect
.
C
to endure.
office.
employ
,
1
rt
.
to bear
Sincerity, truthfulness, believe a letter.
From
hind
to
To come
it.
to
return.
From
7?tan
integrity
to
and
fronts. trust, to
From
mrnt and an estate, contracted. A vassaJ, a servant palace, officer, chamberlains to follow to serve to belong to.
To
•
M
'.
To
siiigle.
to propagate
to
publish. *
an age
-"
.
From man and javelin.
for,
instead
/
I
of
.
o
.
From
serious, grave
Convenient that
to
is
com mire, as phonetic.
ments
by-laws to arrange.
^
juhi fall
V
charity she,
it,
to
.
prostrate
V ^ man and
to assemble and seal order to command
A
,.
tT
or ice. slow.
A
composed
From 7"a" and
put at ease
+
to accord with..
From man and to Laws, regulations amenacompare adjust to class .
From man and
to
A generation, reign change-
place of
From mmi and I
dignified step
K
of, in
law, an to warn your,
authority.
ail officer
jin nin
From mmi aud
hand down
transiiiit to, to
humble
dog.
to hide
To
' tico.
Humuu, humanity,
.
kernels,
they
lie
or
secretly.
From
benevolence,
stones of fruit.
From
VI an
and faithful.
that person or thing.
He,
7) hei
.
N
The head leaning
instant.
to
From
VI an
one side
ana
inclined
to subvert.
'
f"
.
•
inch. To give suggest.
From man and an
deliver to;
to
to
. To
court, as pnonetic.
to receive
to;
senci
to
From mrm and
wait upon
to be near to
to follow.
sJioku
From
soku
To
a a
711
an and /"', t)ervei ted
To
down
to cut
strike
. and
To lean towards
to encroach
To
From mem,
.
A
From man and
to explain, to clear
extenci
kia get
From vian particularly
partial
.
shin
to siceep
to appropriate
.
,
hen
lance. to reduce.
From man and
To usurp
speak. repeat.
From man and
to destroy
by hand. to invade.
Hat. retired.
as the phonetic. depraved, mean, vue.
.
Aslant, oblique
and
strenpth
to
to
ur)
inotith.
character adopted by the Buddhists for the
sounds ga and ka. help
r-t
From man and
to countenance.
To meet
straifjltt.
on
to
.
happen
borrow. False borrow hypocritical. to
'
hutsn hotsu
not
.
Buddha
, .
chd
a staff
To
m
rest,
to
bend down
From man and
aged
occur
to
;
to hold
From
viaii
unreal
pretend
to
aid, to
From man and
.
to attend.
and
To
right hand.
to
From man and
bright
great.
To lean on;
measure.
to beat.
.
cease
to
From man and
tree.
prosperous
deal geutlv
excellent.
.
90 -w-
ku
gn
Proud
rude, uncivil
,
nobkvuuu
To
wait
From
man
.
and
trifling.
to treat rudely.
expect
From man and
inquire
to visit.
8) .
A
From man and ten. 1 sundries; a titlie.
.
Beautiful
,
From man and
. , .
superior
I
two mouths, and general opiuion.
To arrogate
tivo vien
From
.
A
From
usurp; to assume
inclosnre ana to eat, contracted. to store in a granary.
a box or bin
grauary
. and
To
reiichhia.
lall
over
=1
and
to
auci
teach
To arrange
to receive t:
A
loiKj life.
who
:
and
lo
,
perform the duties
sai
;
To owe money
.
To
old.
. literati
.
-
From
licentious
do, to
From mem and
act
to
.
au olhcial associate
From vwn and
hlame. a debt an
a burden
to bear
kindled wood, as a phonetic.
From
to
vian
and
A
companion, a a kind of class.
necessary.
Philosophers
the leaniecl.
. upon
to st)y
From man and
to
assist
office.
To
to carefully examine. •
To
From
of,
obligation.
colle^igae,
to
private.
From man and
.
From man
superintend
Meau, low-lived
j^erverse.
sa
Nvait
.
mail and comrade, mate, friends
1 piU'iy, class,
cramped
partial
saJcii
.
near.
or step persistent
to cover.
liiau
so
,
difficult.
aiyjilay.
to sink
From man
robust
Strong,
estal'liaJt.
unwearied
From man
to prostrate
.
but, why, then.
hen
bic,
mail and impious.
to
-
to ass
unanimous the
All
.
to one's self disorder, confused.
SU
a court baton. goodness.
nice, excellent
From
c
of len solaiers
file
From man and au assistant
second
the h'ft. a vice-
captain.
. From
and sorrow fuL
iiuni
.
very, fully
entirely,
degree.
to excel
tranquil.
From man and
couii)letely
Abundani, excessive exhmi^ted. To finish all the utmost
easily
9 ran nil
V
=
,
.
,
I'om to collect; and archives. To think; lo arrange to unify. Used as a phonetic.
.
m ,.
ho
From man and
Unusually fortunate, lucky to get without
lucky.
hei
effort, or right.
From 7nan to carry, as a nurse a child
shi
.
tetsii
. .
Artful, cunning. tei
did
and
To bear
child.
to undertake.
From man and instead of.
From man and
Alone
nail.
no pro-
te toi' or support.
? I'om man and
shi
to learn
To fill an
r.
office
to occupy a station of post.
to serve
.
yen
scJiola
From man and
Great
great.
myself.
.
1 To fatliom
jin
lull
.
rei
From man^
. .
From
ho
To
7w
Emolument, sJioku
.
N
3/ 3
stand or
.
, . to
sen
/
sei
Hi'j
hi yd
fair 1:
a
,
>^
mxjolixi
3
JfEl
covd periuus.
cliff.
a free and easy
To way
to
From
mail and azure. pretty.
Good,
.
From
vian
and
skill.
To
large.
From man and
ingenious
.
to
mail and curved. An inn teuuporary stately.
From
plump
, . fat
ability
.
to bojoiirn
lid
hi
a
refracted, as light.
commendatory term
to lodge
grow
receive.
come. To induce one to encourage to warn.
meet one
.
to
allowance, wages.
From man and dwelUng.
carelessly bold.
to
to spread out. spreading every-
From man under oblique
From man and
come
and an old companion a
From man and
sit
banghty rai
vian and
salary, stipend
Inclined, leaning
hio
ioku
deer
reaching
extend, to diffuse where.
ko
to nil.
ptumetic form. A pair, a couple mate, a feUow conjugal union.
ri
solcu
From man anditveapon.
measure
to
press
branch.
Talent,
skilled.
From
via 71
and
upon, constrain
full.
urgent
To ini-
0)
.
From man and
eminent.
Deceitful, false, pretended, y
From ma n and
•
.
unsatisfying
%
unreal
¥
.
Frora
.
?" m and equal. To send, make, to do a messenger
to
man and
I
house contracted. ^
we, our, myself.
no
From man and ohl, as a phonetic. huge in proportions.
Large, great
.
shitsu
Firm
extreme.
From
unbending
From man
•
To urge one
and havina. help
. ()
and
mail
foolish.
in
u
Empty
to.
From
as a messenger according.
7=:
reach
to
unsatisfactory.
to eat
to wait
on; to
to stimulate.
'
-
,
From man and
wooden puppet made 7 ,i
riku
,,
rut
To
.
From
To distnbute
garments.
disgrace,
vtan and the iinper
scattered.
From
mail and to fly high. contempt on to act
bring
to
A
through. pain.
man
like a
foolishly.
sen hi
.
tf
|g
. ,.
very to
no
From man and
To caper and perform
high.
From man and
Joy
joy.
cautious
about.
strict
From
I
you,
mail and also. another.
He,
vtan and husbandry
.
thou.
,
ta she,
To accompany
.
joint
.
From
that, the, other
it
ha i
.
From man and
to take along
alL together, "with a
robust.
From ma
value of a thing ly
71
and ^9r/c^, as phonetic.
.
M
,
lie on.
From man,
. To
to still, to
cease, to desist
honest.
aiul perfect all of
a kind.
From man and
to sleep
to
to
recline
hush.
'
doubt.
The
the price.
miniher ov five. A perfect number Applied to planets and tastes, etc.
yen
mount
to
antics.
'
To compare, to assorr.
To spy out
to explore
one sent to reconnoitre.
From man and
to
.
From man and a spy
a scout
11)
, . . .
'I
Admirable
rom man ana
to think
to guess
«
.
hi
To take
leave of
^.
to
.
sJia
From man and
all
united
•
.
kitsu
to exhibit.
I
myself.
From man and
.
fortunate.
exact, correct.
•
fji
.
The same,
artificer.
harmonize.
to
•
From man aud
Robust, strong
to covipare.
ugly.
From man and
identical
Hunchto show
a corner. stooping
the body inclining
backed
To estimate
old.
worth.
From man and
respect.
perverse.
powerful.
fine-looking
rare
From man and
o
^
-f
"
From
GeDerous, noble minded
mcui and to ss. bold zealous for the •
•
right.
To to
lie
From
an and
.
down
push
7)1
Clever at
tico.
skilled.
From man and hounda ry.
stretclied out
prostrate
stiffened
over.
.
i
Twice joined,
Altered from the thought done. another form, already. To use to aid to place in, being, by, with, because, for, to have although. to
indicate
'.
sai
Class,
company
Fi'oin
7*.
tan
.
only, simply
\y
as soon as
all.
From
.
yuan and preinireiL All, the at once, Lotli together.
.
vian and stupid. To Drotect for a protector, guardian.
rj
stand. The place established to reign. to
right
and a thhut in
for
to retain
use.
complete
To prepare all.
ho
and satyr. An image, an an even number.
From man
•
correct
hi in an
'
Fi'om
to be surety
to feed
i
and
together.
From man and monK But
hen ever
whole, altogether ho
man and even
sign of the plural.
arrangea
'
From
to pro viae
From man
idol, a statue
a pair;
-
A all,
as the plioiieiic.
to supply
succor
-
,. To
place before
. To
clothes.
y
on
rely
.
/iv
To
stoop, to
bow
From man and down from
to look
i
5 s
3 •/
,
s
,, .. . ,
perhaps
f
From
adorn to clean up examine. Like, similar
as, as
^
as
From
.
VI
it
From man and and
an
mild.
s
.
,
articles, gear
w
Pros t rate, //
to
move
e
to forfeit
To
J
'.
, luUen
.
From
to dwell
to stop
.
»i
rum,
rely
on
support
vian
and
to rule.
endure.
to live in
not altered. increase a fold
From man and
.
From man and
trusting
. .
iu
to
To a
clay
scarcely,
xnmsxiaL
engage
To
one to do
fulcrum.
From man and
inon
tools
to subvert
Exactly nothing over as the phonetic. almost, only, nothing more.
.7-
vian and
place
From mmi and
low rebel to withdrcuv liuiulied times.
.'
From
or excite.
.
i
A to
From man and strenuous.
to overturn, to
,
halt
m
arrange
thovfjht. tliouglit
a man's name.
i:
-
to
If,
From man
luclemuifv
quiet.
To number,
hy.
superior.
.
To
1
lion
to
From man and hundred thousand; number beyond
s
/
To
to regulate
supposing.
restore restitution.
contrive
/
and pelage. :
.
y -ft o w
form
were appearing.
s
to atone
etiquette
that
. if,
The
phonetic.
mend
to
uuexpectedl}^
and rewnrd.
store-house. a height.
.
.
figure.
:
to.
i?rom man and right, as the usages of mankind a rule rite
^
conform to
to
,
tJ
To
From man and
to trust to
according
to aceede to
to offer to;
to give.
i
c
From man aud
door.
The sign
of
the plural of persons.
nan l)iaiu
faitblul
From truth and flowing streams. upright plam-spoken.
t
3
.
13)
.
To
common. 3
-
.
laborer
phonetic.
I
To
I
.
over
fall
thrown.
.
.
From man and
to fall to the earth
From
false, unreal,
leigu
a
as
self
From 7)1(111 and to respect as the To warn against to urge to reform.
/L
s*-
From man and
engage one's
hire to to serve hired
to
over-
To
vian and sheep. a dodge.
preteuded
From man and
middle. Middle inferior the man in the middle.
the second of three
,
S
.
From man and
A
elegant, as the phonetic. fine lookine^ person a leader to introduce to seduce.
From
7R
To stand and
stop.
, ,
s/iakit
supposing,
,
/
no
From ma n and
or spinal vertebrae, to associate with, to mate together.
, .
.
and foot. To constrain to urge on near, close shortened.
sJwku
:
, . , , . . , , . ;
/|^.
From man
driven
From
?
16) ketsu
.
>
and
A
cruel.
hero, heroic
proud
From man
self-willed
to
raise up.
.
rj prisoner of war
From man and
.
to capture
S/
and
To wait upon
so.
wait
prepare for
to
^.
to until.
From man and
you, yours.
exi^ect
From
77ia7i
to look
to
Thou,
those, contracted.
^.
>
A
trust.
taken in war.
spoil
From man and
elevhant. Like, such, so, similar; a figure, image, likeness an idol to resemble.
I
.
From man and already, tf imitating the Sanscrit samja. A Buddhist priest a lama the third in the Buddhist trinity.
.
n
From
vian
and
o.r,
because big, can be shared. To divide to partake to distinguish a classifier of wide application.
From man and
,
i
To bend bumble low.
droop
to
low.
.
•
.ft
•n
t
m
.
and roll as desist from labor.
,
I
.
plicmetic.
many. expand superfluous.
a
Extravagant, ru'ofuse
Tcatsu
5
because
assist
to enlarge
firm.
,
to
Remiss ansicer. to despise. disrespectful
and
han
hai
to
From mem and
;
'
.
careless
IVom alone
From man unaerhand
From
'
and his halfa^ the phonetic. A comrade, a an associate to follow, attend.
VI an
fellow,
From
man, all and nankin. Things worn on the girdle as pendants; to wear about one, as a souvenir.
'
(ja
and
I.
falling
ken gen
.
attendant
•
C
to
large, tending to
tJ
To
eight.
From
fatigued
Tired,
Jcai
man and
base
to incline
Suddenly imminent.
and aU. Moderate
a
moment
From man
momentarily;
.
From man
temi^erate, frugal
economical;
close.
itsu tetsu
' Il/C
man and to fail in
to lose.
Ease
to omit.
idle, leisure
From
retirement
(17)
.
Great strength
slave.
Alone
to order.
. .
employ
to
sprightly.
'
From man and
a
to play
ciroll
From man and
part mau, part devil
Great gigantic monstrous, as a meteor.
ghost.
. From wrni and , appearing as hard
Like, pant.
similar
.
man and pantomime.
when highly
man and limit
cJuld.
assists
. men who same
.
From
children
a
From man and petty. good
a waiter
great.
From man and From man and
red.
Applied
From man and
, ficial articles.
to loio.
Equal
to accord with.
sort or class
advantage.
showing
trim, neat
talented
like
are undersized.
, .
of the
and
to distinguish.
. One WHO
skip
to
to excite.
feeble,
Little,
to benefit
To
, .
elated
ve.
Z
to see
if
Fi'om
dance, as
to
From man and
violent.
skill
Clever,
and accuracy.
.
From man and sacriA band of dancers, or mummers,
during the worship of ancestors
.
row rank.
From man and
all.
Not restrained, no embarrassment
one's
self.
'.
From
a law to
vian and bent.
The
Japanese; a term used by themselves, as equivalent it is defined by the Chinese as the to Yamato country of dwarfs.
he
.
rules.
A
a tJioiisand, whom anciently a thousand cash.
From man and
chiliarcli
. f'rom mail and omen. Weekly young; going unsteadily envious impatient of labor.
'. From man down the head. •Dissipation.
Ill,
disabled.
and
. .
to
evade.
From man
To put and.
not.
From man and autumn.
A
18)
' . From mem
sail
A
cover held by a lianale. rain a parasol.
, .
kai
To assemble
semble.
From
,.
perverse.
,
Jiatsii
To
tonaue.
,
jEi.
.
dividend
M
furniture
to
to
collect
From two men and
.
the position of one
.
sa
1^
From man and to
,
to
Good
fire.
a comrade
gear icalk.
Superior,
talent, ability, eminent.
From man and
man and
A part
divide. in society.
A
irregular.
w
To
uml.
drunkard's
.
reeling.
i^f
to
a sacri a table
to
From man and
household property
remarkable
injure, to hurt
,
to grieve, to distress.
nin
man and
Fi'om
assemble,
From man and
.
shun
sho
From man and
A
.
hin hiyd
as-
au unarilled troop mulish,
basin or bowl on three legs ficial dixh. used to hold flesh in sacrifices.
so
to
to join.
to tug at.
reach sho
unite
and
meet
to
san crafty. Disorderly, like
and a a cover from
shelter
From man and
to
From
.
wound,
Sincere, sure, a Jiorary character. on burden to bear. a duty a trustworthy, relied
10
gan
,
two,
referring
mencement the original.
,
uoiiu'
first
.
which sustain the
Mo
,
From 7nan and
cause
first,
The com-
head, principle,
Originally tlie carved beams To sustain to attain lo
roof.
.
subdue, can, able.
able for
ho
'
aud earth.
to heaven
From brother To fear, to lorbear irom, vinorous, repeated. to refrain cautious solicitous. >•
and
Tiotsu
•p
.
,
vian and one, denoting as
punishment
. level.
To
stable, persistent.
From
cut off the feet
t
2 i
.
.S
An
it.
-
Mr.
.
harsh
to excite fear
.
.1
From
.
7nan as
fulfill,
tin-
desperate,
cruel
fearful.
Intended to represent
The Malayan
fire
honor
From man and
Malevolent, inhuman,
liichij.
"^
From man and
To fill to nourish, contracted. satisfy to stop up high, long.
to
a duty
S
.
brilliant illustrious Light naked, smooth, only, bald. it.
.
glory
and
wi«n and wzowf a ove a senior, superior a term
elder brother
of respect, as
above
From
the
rhinoceros.
rliinoceros.
From WW
moutli,
and
six.
Correct,
trustworthy.
§
@
%§
. above ahead
it.
jf
,
a cause
^ lortoise-shcll
before,
irst
to begin
From man ana
to
go
formerly, past to go firstly, early, soon.
.
on a
ijines
after roasting for divination. a place of worship.
An
omen, a prognostic ten
men
2^ lici
211
en
.
t
i
for a hare. To get oft, excuse to escape from.
£1
to evade
Contraction to docige, to
, .
.
From
and fontaneUe, altered. Au infant especially a boy a child. feeble. From man, and by, contracted. To permit assent promised true,
J man
loyal, really, honestly. to
A
.
From
form, and an old form
kind of helmet carry in a napkin to retain. of
hlind.
',
da t
dam}) place.
. up.
A
.
From
gratined
to
vian and a
satisfied
to
to weigh against.
exchange to
To permeate
helmet-shaped
A
rabbit squatting with its tail perked hare or rabbit to hunt hares.
11
sen zen
. pleted, finished perfect all.
From enter and gem. Comentire in all parts unbroken,
^
X
(20)
jiu
.
The junction of above and below, noinn in and out. To enter, to go into to enter upon to put into income entrance.
-f
niii
'
,
__A
^/V
. out of
From
"Within,
it.
and a border from
to enter
inner, inside of a house.
among inner rooms
internal
.
b
a cave, equal divisions. intimating likeness doubled both entering
in,
From
two
Two, a
pair, twice, again,
dual.
'
tj
^^
u
'
J
From
T^.
to enter
.
going to ruin
destroyed
and
dead
Lost,
ohscurit}/.
in poverty.
From an old form of to assemble, boat and icater. To respond, to answer, as a maid servant yes so, certainly, well. 12
A ,. A
contraction of the character fan,
A
relative and personal pronoun, he, she it his, Ibe}^ theirs f the, that wherever, whoever, there.
. , .
From eight or divide and breath. An interjection of admiration, but also of inquiry or
kei
doubt.
mitsu hachi riliu
From
.
11
roku
eight
and
Eight
flaring, to enter, over it.
, .
,
-0
things back to back.
opening out,
to divide
y
Two
from
Six.
twenty and
Generally all, altogether, raise in fine, in short, to sum up collectively with, together. to
and
scJfixJi,
equal to
^
'1
1
'
,
n
soldier .^
military
all,
troops
JL :
. '
hillocli.
A
weapons
From h ml grasping two stalks. in to absorb moreover, and, equally, together.
To comprehend along with
ten
a force
and a an army
eight
eight.
open,
to kill.
hen
t
From
all,
and,
From
or private. Prmiic, common general just, equitable.
.
m
;
.
above to i^resent to. Premred throughout together.
;
From j^recioiis
well arranged
, ,.
ail,
Originally a stand, and records on it, now contracted to eight. A canon, a law to rule, to control to pawn to mortgage a ,
classical work.
A
21
)
.
M Jci
another. eager for.
To nope,
The same
as above.
From
to desire
north and
to expect
be
to
13
n
.
From one aud a frameAgain, the second time doubled, then, also, likewise continued.
sai
icork contracted.
set
repeated
.
ben
From
A
a covering and ghost.
' . . ,
men
crown,
a coronet.
saku
A
together.
sail
a
Slips containing decrees tiea a list, au inventory a register, book, records.
slip,
memorandum
Fi'om covering and uuderueatli. Covering for the head blindly, rashly, heedlessly to assume to affirm falsely. cije
:
.
.
5
-w^
formerly
The same
From chp and to made of rhinoceros'
.
,
.i
as the above.
edge of a forest
j
a desert
A A
limit.
n -
.
hair lust growing on the body.
, A small
window.
wild
the
remote bounds of
.
vilization.
•
helmet,
skin.
window or
ci-
The
Tender, weak.
Designed to depict a lattice to let
in the
light.
14
, .
,
Jean
.
Fi'om conical cap
to cover, chiej, or head, and a rule. A or bonnet a crown to cap the liead, chief dress female's Lair the comb of birds.
I hei
mid hQ
mo ketsu
,
aud
six.
.
Dull, dark, obscure
From
.
to cover
From
to cover,
doleful
To
and swine.
a
to
day
spirit.
cover.
From
cover and man underneath. Odds aud ends scattered mixed hurried affairs
.
duties.
yen raboit,
injure
From
it
"
justice.
cover
and a
caimot run. To oppress, to to accuse falsely into be aggrieved
from which .
.
^ 22
.
beki
To
cover
From
to overspread
and a ciirtam.
cover
to veil.
15
,
no
bouse
ice
.
From
.
exalt.
toku
To annoy
sell.
to
and tumulus.
ice
to put to
to insult
Ice an to advance,
shame
From
and
ice
to profane
to defile
to
to treat
coutumeliously.
. Streams diverging
From
. . , .
and
ice
disperse
to
stretch.
to
doubtless,
de-
cidedly.
From
and
ice
From
cold bleak, wintry misery.
"^.
intense cold
.
V
.
to
From
afflicted
and arranged.
ice
From ice and make fresh. and chestnut
ice
. .
pure, frozen
r
in
Cold
green.
Cold,
Coia, or
.
the
From
ice
and water.
From
fresh distant to assist, I
and
From
to
ice
From
ice
cool towards
.
From
More moreover now
Coql capital. in need to trust in
ice
and
.
,
To coagulate susvect. fix : to settle.
to
to
and
furthermore
to grow.
In-
and middle.
to boil or burst over, as water to fly; dart young.
.
I
r
clear,
provide. trembling.
ice
.
C
To agitate wash away
Ice
crystallized.
tense cold, clear and cold
.1^
sad
north wind.
b
1
Intense
wife.
harsh, raw, chilly.
air
ritsu
freeze, to
freezing.
and
shivering
From
.
ice
To
east.
icy
congeal, to cool, to stiffen
nenect
elder brother. to come to
From to
ice
nnisb
and to
-
(23)
.
bin
min
ice
and
Destroyed
lyeople.
thrown iuto confusion
overthrown
.
From
a vast sheet
of water.
met
From
ice, cover,
.
b
,f
r
Cold
frigid
indifferent
day, and six.
From
.
try.
, an old form
ice
and an
order.
pure
win-
clear
still
Cold.
From
end contracted. Winter
oi
and the end ice
to store up.
.
From
.
From
ice
and
and
to adjust
altogether. to lignten
to diminish
to lessen
To approve
excellent.
allow
to to receive.
weigh .ft
ice
authorize
to
To break
ana
To
furnace
fuse metals enticing.
around.
To be exhausted
I.
.
From
fee
a founaer
to smelt
.
c
off
to abbreviate.
.
Jwi
to
to fix
From
and.
ice
faciing
falling,
all
as
old leaves.
pure
Fi'om
to
ice
wash
and quarreling.
to cleanse
.
-Isfs-O
To
if ) defile, to foul
.
From
to
ice
From
annoy
and
Cool
limpid
only.
half.
ice
and do
not.
to request.
To melt
as ice.
16
.
A stand to lean on. A small table a side table used by Japanese when sitting oil the floor.
.
inside to denote a puir. All, common, usual, vulgar mortal.
two
.
joy
peace
& .
^ ft"
^«
To
excellent
From
a bench.
lean on
From
and how.
soothing
bench auci
.
sf^wfZ
to ascend.
From
Originally
everybody Victory
balmy.
A stool,
a form,
bench and to depend on. to confide in proof, evidence.
i
(24> •t
.
JJ
From
oencii
Same
aud a horse running.
as above.
17
u
,
shutsu
. , .
,
Original form
represents stalks thrusting themselves out of the ground. To go forth, or out to produce to beget.
somethiug
fallen into evil, inauspicious cruel
-
.
-
k pit with 1 Calamity, adversity,
it.
sad.
Designed to depict an
dentation. An indentation, cavity berant convex.
in-
protu-
hole
;
,
lean
b
.
Supposed
be from man ana mortar. To infold to envelop armour liberal.
:
to
a letter
;
.
Designed to depict a Concave, hollow, iniuttiug above the surface. dented a pit anything above the surface.
totsu tetsu
18
'
retsii
rei
From
and a contracted form
of fioiving water.
rate, to distinguish
to arrange iu
a sword
To
order
sepaeach,
severally, rank.
Jin nin
11
sword witli a stain on the blade. A to kill, to edged weapons knife or sword
A
-.
slaughter.
.
kei
setsu sai
^
and
Laws
even.
penal seven.
press
to torture
, ,
to
From sword
punish
to kul
mold.
To
to carve cut sincere. earnest,
To
Fi'om knife and to urge to
mince
".
VI
tJiorn.
.
to
kill,
to sting
to
From knife and wound to examine,
to hear. I
-
4^
.
The
old form a weapon's blade and haiulle. A sword a cimeter a knife canoe a quire of paper.
.
to, at,
To knife or sword and to reach. finished to go or cotne to to attain to still but, yet from, of.
From
arrive at
;
up
a
.
25)
,
kio
and
go
, . To take hy
take aioay.
to
to snatch
openly
fuJcu
hiyd
To
full.
n
Tio
f
sicine.
To
, . . . .
degree
to trifle.
,increase
knife and to exto anuouuce
From
To
cut open
To brush
to scrub
Said to be originally the Perverse seditious restless
as sword.
,
Icaku
To
split
open
,
Mo
.
.
ment
From
.
and
knife
From
to pole a boat
,
.
latch.
spears. To spade up to cut with a weapon.
knife
and to
From
knife and to stab cut off
The punish-
ear.
cut one's throat
and spear.
From
From
A
a catch
a
knife and two to cut grain
hnife
and a stem.
to cut off the neck.
From
[
knife
a book
to lead off
.
'I
/
;
to uierce
. small boat
cJioku
From
to mutilate
of cutting off the ears.
ka
To
meces
From knife and to mark to engrave to deface.
to dig
To strike to soar. swift. to rob ji
.
m
only. To cut flesh cut wood in two.
saJcii
knife and to icipe. a scraper.
wipe out
to
unscrupulous.
san
great
.
V?
Bl
more
knife and boastful. to rip open to cut
to cut into
down.
same tan sen
and
tiger,
Jcnije,
unhappy
sad
From
R^l
cho
sen
From
From
n
satsii
setsu
as above.
to second substitute.
vice
(jeTii
ko
aid
amine
su'ord to rob
hurried.
The same Idem.
From
violence
knife
and belonging
to.
To
cut up the ground.
, 2)ri)ice.
To
.
cut open
. to split
From
laiife
and a
to tear assunder
to wedge. Jcei
and
From
clean, as fish
and baton. To cut to butcher to stab.
Icnife
open
I
26
(
)
o 7-
Hrt
.
-fe
To cut hew off gai
From
and
knife
.
;
^^^\\
From
Bfl
M!j
to
off
and how. To a bil hook
hiife
rub or sharpen a knife carefully assiduously, diligently to remove. soliu
change.
to
the flesh from bones, to scrape reject. to pick or dig out
.
From knife and prerule a pattern then, in consequence in that case, therefore, next reason.
A
cious.
:
sen zen
"
.
A:
fJU
Originally a boat and to stop above it, then kni.fe was added. In front of before, in time or place to advance formerly.
' ,.
betsu
To
besides.
.
separate
to leave
From
knife
unlike
and
besides
moreover. sho
From
Icnife
the commencemeut clothes the beginning.
begin
han
, , .
To aucl garment. to cut out at first
'
To divide in half. to decide. verdict and
. From
twain
to judge
knife
to
]om
:
]catsu
if
~^IJ
cut
to gash
3 a horary character. ing oppressive.
firm
'
t
6 SJ
IJ
sen
"^
.
From
even
-
likeness.
,To
afflictions.
From
knife,
to cut out
carve
ana
insult-
From
To knife and not. to lay open. to decide
To cut on even, regular.
and to aavance.
.
to shear
to intercept
from
cut or mi'e off
, .
From
to erase
knife and to extort
debility.
sei
zai
kuifc
.
To
to infuse.
From
to judge
two
split in
and
to injure
knife and a hill. just unyielding recently
stiff
now. ^
To
.
ft -o
Hard
'"e
Fi'om
to take off
To trim
to cut even
to
From
knife
compound
and
even. to
a dose
adjust. sail
. amend
tei
From
.
to
knife and register. to reject.
To pare
to
expunge
From
shave the bead.
knife
and
brother.
To
shave, to
1
(
27
.
,
,
From sword Sharp advantageous happy, fortunate, gains, benefit, interest on money.
ri
and harmony, contracted.
To
to enter.
/
, . ,. .
.
n OO
J
08
Fi'om knife and to apportion, to share.
separate
A wound made
granary. prop.
set
sicord and to cut a
by a knife
From knife and ', Eule, to regulate to hinder
incomplete, altered. to pare to invent.
.
From
:
kai
From l:nife and blades of shears: mow; to kill to cut off. . From knife and thousand.
To
cut grass, to
To
cut, to carve
kan JiaTiu
,
,
'
ennrnve. To flav to extort to wane.
to
-
,, To
nest.
To
. .
oft'
satsu
to put
From
to split
.
From
From
and
knife
to
degrade
and
sicord
to scatter
Jcnife
and
to sit.
To
not.
to divide.
From
hiife
to trim
corners
and to
Fi'om knife and
Buddhist monastery
. . .
to chop.
to destroy
.
cut crosswise
to lop
to
to cut
attack
extirpate.
/
hew
, '
to erase
cut
file.
to
contracted. spire a tope
Jcill,
or
pillar,
covering the ashes of priests.
zan
From
and
knife
wily.
To
cut
to
cut into.
From
hi
nose satsu so
knife
to stitch iu
From knife to embroider
katsu
To
tongue.
even
pare
.
off.
To
character auii metal. kai
off
the
&nd joined. To prick a document a con-
.
to arrange
From
knife and to rub to ex-
to scrape off
riu
times
To cut
nose.
.
tract.
tort
and
to torture.
to
From
kill
knife, a liorary
a halberd in old
wish another's death.
From knife and already. To wound by a sudden cut or stroke, as wlieu a knife slips.
cho cut open
. to cut.
From
sivord
and omen.
To -
, .
katsu
^
fjetsu
gotsu
From knife ana lucky. To brand or tattoo the face, as punishment to flay the skin from the face.
.
From
feet at the ankles,
and moon. To cut an ancient punishment.
ana
An
Icnife
sho to viultiphj.
ments, leavings hen
, .
.
what
off
From
the
knife
overplus, a residue
frag-
to retain.
is left
From
and
Icnife
A
all.
two-edged sword, a rapier, a straight sword, a claymore a blade, a trusty weapon. 19
II
.
o
represented force
U
.
,
From
merit
The
spirit
Meritorious strength and work work virtuous achievements. .
.
.
From
.
I
and
rising nn. Brave courage soldierly firm, undaiiuted.
rr
.
,
hotsu
.
From
To attempt
From
7/
.
stiff.
,
Swift, fast
stroigth. rei
rai
^^
to
st)-ong
daring
strength and
come or
flurried
to order.
steady
urgent.
From
strength
.
Stroug, robust
streams.
7t
and
streufith
an ordiuance
,
-
to
func-
From
fearless
plantx suddenly shooting up. Suddenly to change color, confused. rai
and
strength
business
Frorn strength and slilL Inpower; strength splendour
authority circumstances. fluence
1:::
nerve.
effort
encourage one. To strive after tion duty concerns. sei
form power
original
Muscular
tendons.
mental energy
service
n
the
violent
and
overbearing
From
the triplication of to exhibit strength.
.
From
strength and to to incite
To animate to encourage oppress. to exert one's strength. *
lean
.
Fi'om
To compare evidence streufHh an I veru. investigate diligent, able, adequate.
,
lo
'
To take by stremith and to take away. violence to rob hurried au era suffering.
From
•
(29 cinoku
)
.
f
Imperial orders
3 seki.
if
shaku
lyj
From
From
.
strenrjth
Zealous, prompt
aud respomible.
conduct worthy
acts
.
From
. .
•slid
and a phonetic. Adequate to worthy of; to elevate, to raise
-ft
,
>
and
to hide.
To bin"
a bnale
engrave
Ml
,
From
From
strength
.
From
1
.
and a icaterfall. To exhort admonish to instruct to encourage
•
strength
to bridle • to restrain to force to strangle. •
•
From
to advise to praise.
.
m
From
strength and brilliant, coutracted. To toil to trouble one grieved careworn worthy actions.
TO
.. ;
+
kin tenacious
Laborious
clai/.
attentive, kind
"^
ficial
To
.
help,
strength.
, aud do
ho
not.
Fi'om strength and
ailigent at one's DOst
to stir up.
jurthermore.
3
mo
strength
to increase
to bear, sustain to win.
strenath to
and
strength
and mouth. To add to advance more to inflict impulse.
roku
of
unreasouable.
,
ka
to bind.
decrees.
Merit praiseworthy reward. saltan'.
and
strength
To
invite
aid
Fi'om strength and to succor bene"
.
From
to enlist
strength
to circulate
public invitation.
'.
From
strength and to blend. labor earnestly, especially in the army to imitate merit effects proofs.
To
.
koku
ways.
From To
.
ertion.
kai lioku
Jcun
:
strength and ccq) arranged in two to stimulate, to urge to ex-
excite
From
strcnr/th
and
a horary character. To imlge to examine into diligent in discharge of duty. to impeach tt—Jl T*
torious
merit
Wieliort
action.
Fi'om strength and vapor. put forth for one's kiug
Meriloyal
P
30
. .
,
to
From
to stir agitated.
to restless
hen
me 71
To
evade.
urge
From
one's
lorce
.
persuade
to
strength and hear v. to set ou foot mov-
move
^xo excite
able
)
strength
and
constrained
sell
to
to
to animate.
From strength and a sentence^ as phonetic. Anxious labor distress toil of a severe kind in obedience to duty.
Jill
so
.
Txun
effort
To
nu
to trouble
From
.
strength
and
light.
strength and vapor. IMeritorious loyal merit.
From
strength
.
exert one's strength
retsu
.
lien
and female
slave.
effort, exertion.
From
Infirm, weak humble, poor scarcely vile, degraded.
A
From to toil at
put forth for one's king
,
do
,.
Nimble
next.
slid
strength
and few.
inadequate
barely,
From
bond, a deed, contract
strength and roll. section written evi-
dence.
20
.
futsu
rem'escnt a flag witn three vennons. not, do not, not having. of negation
hotsu
, .
ho
kid
thorax ho
,
From to
to
assume
The infold and to lose. affections brawling.
Originally contracted from a sentence. to exclude to hook to entice
To to
to inveigle.
inside. •
To dip a spoonful
ho
To
Flora to wrap, with a dot to ladle out with a spoon a
. .
crawl, as
strive for.
1
. up
adverb
'
little
1)11
to
Au
bosom
off
reject
'
From
the breast,
fj].
mark
ho
'
infold and sdj. To wrap up, to fold to undertake a wrapper bundle.
hill
shaJiu
Supposed to
to follow. I^rora to tvrajy and first. to lie prostrate to
an infant
From to envelojye ana gourde calabash or bitter squash, anciently use^for clriukiug and making musical intruments a garglet shaped vessel. rf
,
contracted.
A
31)
To ask alms,
lost.
a mendicant.
to beg
From
to
to request
wrap and •
to give
.
5
To
i
two, or to divide.
fall
.
in
Mil
•
From to n-rap and wide. prostrate to crawl on the hands and knees • to relieve others.
fuJcu
hoku
.
, ,
katsu hai
.
From
to infold
and
a little
to
a wrapper
a
Eaual, even, aiiKe
divicie.
To wrap,
.
envelop
to
bundle. "Fi'am
envd oping and man. To incubate,
on eggs, as a bird
to sit
to batch.
21
.
o
a
mm back to
.1
.
,
alter
to
spend
to
he.
metamorphosis.
.
.
To
From
ladle
and
a
a key Avhich in China resembles a spoon.
spoon |pj
From
ladle and man. to transform to convert
to change alteration
tea
• uortbern to the the capital conquered.
northwards
north
Designed to represent two
The north
oack.
From
ladle
and man.
,
The same
as the
character next to the above.
.
The character delinA ladle in poorlv printed books eates a spoon. used as a sign of repetition.
hi
22
.
,
Id
and honorable or door
b
a press
dear,
a chest T=J
.
and gal
not.
From a receptacle case with arawers or a treasury exhausted.
a
.
From a receptacle
A bamboo
square covered basket no, not so, is not.
banditti
From a receptacle and an ax. chanic an artificer oue who makes requiring skill.
•
A
ille-
me-
things
From -
IM
a receptacle ana king. rice or millet right liver not upriglit.
.t
.
to right
square
to de-
a receptacle and a dish or also. A a dish with partition for dirty water.
From
Avash-basin
Square box for cooked
c
(32) rp.
ko
of a small size to inclose.
,
wai
a case and a scale. A chest • a coffer press • a case for
From
.
trunk books
.
J
of vase or box letter of credit.
ren
From
a receptacle and a napkin. To go round, as the heavens. To perform a row. a circuit a side
80
.
'
-
From
to gurgle
.
a hox and eddy A sort to deposit a draft a .
From
case
and
all.
A
case
containing a looking-glass.
b
toku
A
,
case, or
or bowl
From
a case and to .flow smoothly. a sheath a coffin a charger a receptacle for books.
drawer 23
.
a
ku
Mu
A
big wine jar secrete : to elude.
o
if.
"T?"^ ma
y
many
sorts inside.
ing
a hamlet
A
From
to bide
From
7}f .
to conceal and clandestine to
to conceal
and
place for storing or concealsmall to assign a
to sort
, .
line of division.
nitsu
t:
and
From
to
A
piece of silk a pair, two a husband, or wife friend to unite.
hen
eight.
. , , receptacle with
mate
From
to conceal and a tahlet. a slice a tablet. a signboard
Flat like a plate kei
conceal
Intended to represent a
a
lid.
A
case or coffer for storing
tilings.
24
From
•
a horizontal and perpendicular
Decimal
line joined.
ten.
'. Supposed to be from tm with mati over it. Thousand many indefinite number very, earnestly, perfect.
nan
Original form plants bursting forth and. to face leaning towards tlio south. The south or go south southern austral summer.
.
ha 11
divide in two part of. sotsu ten
, under
finish
•
rrom a half
Ti
'
,
clothes.
to die
To divide and ox. a large piece of greater to
•
Lictors, soldiers
sudden
a company.
Originally to to stop
•
33
(
hi
b
'
t:
'^Y"
V From
contracted, and first inferior, mean, base,
left,
humbie
above. Low, lowly,
.
vile.
sho
A
form like a peck measure. to accumulate to advance
.
in
A
The
measure
original a pmi j
•
to ascend.
horizontal and two pei'pendiculai, lines tens combined making twenty a
Two
joined. score.
haku
.
1
Extensive universal learued. to play ed.
From
ten
and extend-
profound
j
to barter
(JO
Noon,
•
11 to
1 o'clock
horary character.
•
taJiu
From
•
,
establish kid
make
to
To harmony
.
firm
To
early and spoon.
eminent
From
profound.
ten
and strength
up
to drag or
to double respect assist.
fold
triplicated.
pull
•
•
From plants and spouting. A general term for plants and herbs, especially small
ki
•
ones.
25
.
holxU
Supposed to
re-
present the veins in a tortoise shell as the heat develops them. To divine to conjecture to guess divination.
,
sen
to wait
.
•
divine bv casting lots divination.
.
',
-fc
'
to
.
Hurry, hastv
and
to divine and a baton. divine to cast future
From all
•
divine
to encroach
From
Divining marks events a sign. ben
To
To
mouth.
•
to divine and perhaps cover. a rule • a law perturbed.
A
so satsu
From
iu
From to divine and a cause. Ancient tankard of copper, with cover and bail, containing the fragrant spirits employed iu wor-
to
.
station
•
and above.
divine
a pass
guard -house, a
a barrier.
sacrificial
ship.
26
V shohu soku
(nlJ
3
,
.
From
a seal
sort of svoon. Now immeaiately then near; urgent if, to go, with, this, that is, etc.
aud a
34
'
'
hen
|1>
kan
From a neal and a Boiled XI P a scroll • a section a book • a chapter classifier of books. roll.
•
,
in
*
.
From
.
hi
an
From
signet
official
•
to
man on hazardous
a limit and a
High, dangerous
top of a ledge. to ruin. sick
A
a check and claws.
stamp
seal, to seal j to print a type.
.
Maliu
From
knot
or seal and to go. But, nevertheless, then, therefore really to refuse. sholcu
soku
i|
. From
sc(il
and
ran kei kio
tials title
.
From
and an object. A noble, a lord a term ol respect.
. '
sJia
To to stop and noon. to unroll. deliver over to go
and
Great, Ligh even. the head in expectation.
kid
Infirm, poorly
officer.
; ^ .
official
a seal, to leave to
From
a seal
strenuous
I
From
IfSli^.
gu
creden-
an
From
lay aside
weary
to raise
a seal and an troublesome in
.
distress.
,
The old form like an open a period of time east • 5 to 7 a.ni morning • a day a term door.
shd
is
Designed to represent two eggs. Eggs roes of fishes. testicles of animals
rf.
of birds
bd
Tbat
sort of spoon.
BOW, near, immediately.
3
•
From
a seal and
From
a seal and to startle
to
call.
High, as in
virtue.
gaJcu
.
fjl setsu
1J
of the
The
palate
mouth.
.
Au Intended to represent a stamp. seal or signet, made of stone, horn, and
officer's
metal.
27
-
ketsu
That one it
fjcn
,
that
a waste
:
man
•
to
.
to stop
From short
and
a
cliff
•
he, she,
bow the head.
.
contracted. Origin again. a common
From
cliff
natural
and a
really
say,
and
timate
ana
good
•
well
•
large
From
liberal
•
sheltei; to kind • in-
to esteem.
•
Fi'om a precipice to bate to
Disgust,
sufficient.
reject
. '. .
Thick
son.
disdain
-
•
satisfied.
tilled,
and a
sting coutracted. to rub sharp violent
From
A
whetstone
to
commence
a
cliff
to grind to stimu-
late.
.
ka
aim
and
cramped,
mi:)edecl
seal.
From
a
c
distressed,
ill-
used. shi
ka sa
^
From
^IJ.
a high brink
to cleanse
.
From
.
a mansion
ten
twins
From
privy .
shelter and a village. To subto govern name of coin
a pair.
. Foragers
servants
and slash
to serve.
.
A
ride.
room
shi
a
and
edge of a bed.
and summer. A great house an out-bouse.
shelter
a side regulate
to
ject
shelter
From
shelter
From
shelter
and
confusion, uproar
*
and wagon.
this.
to cut
•
name
Man's
,
joyful.
.
From
and
shelter
old.
a
r
T«
From shelter and to stcnid waiting. A place for killing and cooking animals a kitchen case for books, clothes, crockery, etc. I
put away
.
stable
to carve
•
a large stone.
From
shelter and to finish a meal. a stall ^vhei'e horses are housed.
A
28
S
and
great.
leave former.
.
gone,
From
stem'!) Ufjht, contracted,
vise
to
From
to depart
past,
or heart. sail
To
perverse
to go
awav
and streambiq
To be concerned with to mix three confused. The same as above. •
join
. liair
to ad-
•
, .
rui sati
The same as several.
s7ii
bo
above.
.
Three
sign 01 a blank to be
tbricc
Private filled in.
several times;
selfish
used as a
k
.
Fi'om nine and perverse. spear whose head has three edges like the beech-
nut
foot-prints.
29
hcuid tvn m(n and, with, at, to
.
-
contain
From
,
endure
to
•
,.
to bring
and to
.
•
fall, as ripe fruit, and receive • to accept to to suffer to succeed • inherit.
to
To
j
From hand and
to covet
to
to select
To turn back
Jiand.
to rebel
Fi'om
to arrive at j up to* about, also to connect with. effect
contracted.
boat,
V
To
but,
To take
ear.
.
assume
to seize.
From
to return
•
cliff
contrary
on the contrary.
.
From two hands, a • a friend, comthe same pauion, associate j triendly, heartily to blend. One
]oinea.
mm
of
.
hail
and
To
half.
, ,
to emigrate
Jo
From hand
or to turn
from
rebel, to resist separated to desert brilliant.
arrange in order
. to
From hand and chat
discourse,
.
order, rank.
I.
To
series
From hufhy, above, and to n at her together oelow. A bushy collected thickly crowded as shrubs place assembled in a crowded manner.
so
su
'
,
.
An
old person venerable, sir.
Fi'om
term
,
From eye, a holloio Clever, bright, shrewd, valley, contracted. astute, discreet, profound. and
.
A
surname
to
borrow
. '
_/
t /
M
To
of the hand when farther, more, moreover, also, but, while.
fiiiners
to
wrap up.
restrain
to transfer.
represent three Again the
tortured.
hand
IJI
hand under mortar. an old man
of respect for
.
,
^
•I
.
From V e u hand added to an older form of it. Uncle to a squire. collect, to hoard a term of respect
shiJni
To
.
still
more, and,
From hand and
to harvest
receive to conclude. to involve
•
to
bma
A
(37)
P
.
The
fin-
gers crossing each other. To clasp the hands a fork to interlace the fingers prong crossroads.
^
the hand.
.
Representing 7m Us growing on Claws of animals talons of birds to
scratch, to claw, to grasp.
30
P 3
worthy
•7V
ko
^
.
then,
office V
To be •
competent,
proper,
fit,
From willing
if.
From
an
to direct
To
prince reversed.
an
.
not.
so
interrogative,
and
ten.
control
officer.
,
To deny
and
to refuse
From month
not
•
whether or not.
not
if
!
'
not
'
From mouth
3
Ancieni old, antique, former hoar j accustomed to. •
.
old sai
An
,
go
to excuse to resist.
five.
delay
to
I my
to
guard
to
.
,
defend —
and
rooiinded.
an interrogative im-
From mouth and
impede
grow
to
•
From mouth and
exclaiualion of praise plying doubt or conviction.
don
.
V mouth and a sign or may, cau, might, could
ft
From mouth and To swallow, to gulp to absorb to seize on and swallow up to appropriate to grasp. heaven.
to
From mouth and
.
gorge
spit out
to disclose,
earth.
to
To vomit
to disto tell all to
open
]
han
From
mouth and
To
all.
call after
an angry scream
the noise of angry and loud calling
.
a call
a
cry.
shitsu
.
rei
•
To
cry
blurt out
to
Fi'om mouth and seven.
out at to scold to hoot at angrily order another.
From mouth and
to
strength.
ing or living apart separate, by itself another, besides to divide in two.
.
ei
or
hum
words
:
From
distinct
To sing moHtlt and Jiowing on. to chant or intone the
in a drawling time
a ebaut.
Dwell-
•
p
38
(
P .
tei
and
From mouth
To
state to a superior to complain fatter. to a plea, a statement to hand in a petition to offer to show to discover. to
.
ratsu
From mouth and inhuman.
To
talk fast a final particle indicating certainty, or having finished.
.
-ft
S
band
I
of music,
gives joy
From month and
doy, delight
glad
•
An
oiie.
From
magistrate,
officer,
subordinate or secretary in
,
1
in
after the
a record executive,
to rule.
office
From month and
•
One who
director.
orable
a that Avhich
to rejoice. •
ana
•
honored a sovereign honname, answers to gentleman to is
rule.
From month and
• CCQ
words
o
.
brother
hand. noble
,
fswffcric
tsu
summon,
to
The
'
band
right violent.
,
distant
.
stable.
•
support
From good
.
shi relish, as
I'elicitv,
,
From
prosperity
^
From
good living
greedy
•
.
•
old and to propitious'
From
cerning
f iri
•
. A twittering sound
hi relish.
kio
To blow with respiration
add to
From mouth and
to
From
ais-
viouth and near.
murmuring, humming sound
.
Taste, flavor, smell t-
happy
to know mtuitivelv Wise, sage versed in, fully aware of.
to speak low.
mi
to
sensual.
. snav.
•
•
viouth and old mem. To to indulge to delight in
tetsu to
high,
viouth and scliolar. elegant
prosperous
*
and (I hand of music. Good, excellent, please, to rejoice iu to praise.
•
by
-
. Great
borroio.
in
call
From mouth and
to aid,
ka
ha
To
.
From able repeated. An elder a term of respect, also of sneering.
•
Fortunate* felicitous advantageous.
chi
knife
to invoke.
to cite
From mouth and relish,
.
seasoning
not yet.
dainty
to
From mouth and empty.
the breath
commend
to breathe to puff.
softly
(39) To
P
.
bia
From mouth and
to order enjoin, to
heloiiffinrr to.
another to do
31
.
neigliiug oi a norse clashing, clattering noise.
From mouth
.
craunch
to seize
and
engage or ask
From mouth and
The
tJiis.
to
a hoarse, crashing,
To gnaw
teeth.
.
From mouth
second. Dumb to keep silent noise of crows, or boys studying.
and
.
From
a sachel and
.
,
a purse
sack
to
with the teeth.
confused
A
to praise.
bag, a
to put in a bag.
salary, property
From mouth and
be-
ginning. To feed an infant with a spoon to give to eat as birds do to chew a mouthful.
.
1^
From month and
The
hour.
to frighten.
lips
From
•
gape or open the mouth
viouth
and
gaping
hi
to eat
From mouth and great. to apply the tongue to anything.
.
a a final particle finishing the sense. lib
tooth,
.
Je
From mouth and
high.
To
To be
lick
afraid
to fear, to dread.
.
From mouth and
p
or to engage,
.
.
T>
To
belonging
.
From mouth and the lips
to
.
order,
a seal.
humbly bristle
a beak, a snout, a
'
F
To
From mouth and
tap to ask to strike lightly spectfully to bow low. bird's bill to wrangle.
to.
up,
re-
A
mouth
From mouth
re-
peated and king. A grave and serious manner startling, awe-struck.
.
-
ami
to
promu Jge.
of stern virtue
Crvmg
.
of
mtants
to fear.
From mouth and
a slight contempt to look pleased.
smile
From mouth a holy man
Avitli
west.
To
a sneering smile
From month iUustrious, as the phonetic. Anger angry tones to threaten to alarm a superlative.
and
11.
and
Jtole.
feline beasts
The ;
From month
cries of animals, as cattle and the voice of anger.
(
p
From mouth and
da na
p A
which.
final particle denot-
an interjection
ting certainty
an interrogative.
.
ku
An
mouth and the breath going out. like, ugh dislike also of grief
.
ha
From mouth and
.
breath.
katsu satsu
name
iov plants.
and
two
A
pj
expel the
From mouth and
a general
shoe.
.
loud noise.
From
Wise sage
scholars.
.
alas
To
tetsu
p
From
interjection
•
two mouths
to
know
in-
tuitively, versed in.
31
;
a
T
.1
ft
From mouth and
The sides of mouth and
ear.
the mouth the space between the the ear8 to turn the head.
.
a,
From mouth
and a gem. Wanton enticing sounds sobbing, whining lascivious music.
to coax
From
e.
-I
ana
vioutli
angry
filial.
pant
.
tft ,
To howi
gasp
to bellow
to roar
to breathe hard.
From
7/1011 t/i
and
to
To
pick.
call
to cry out cries or voices of animals, or birds to coxnmaud. to
-0
1
i
. , , . e
An
From mouth and
interjection expressing joy pleased delighted. to laugli
joy. tion
.
From month and
s>
To expel the breath
to
scokl
u
n
From
month and to blame. To cry and bawl rel meddlesome to praise an uproar.
i
ta
charm, a
spell,
. To oppose
to refuse
From I
.
cule, to jest upon, to laugli
hon
(
A
vioHth and do not.
to object
From mo lit] and
chid
to quar-
. From mouth and earth, enchantment.
futsu hitsti
can.
angry
to get
.
to please.
^ ^
and indigna-
contrary
morning.
to.
To
aud joke with
ridi-
sailing.
From mouth and
to
(idoni or cat. To spurt, to expel the oreath forcibly to snort, to hoot a puff, as of steam.
.
,
taku
To
toku
peck, as a fowl
From 7/ioi and
.
plume. tetsu setsu
11
viouth and to connect. taste
to sip, to
suck
a j)//7.
a bird picking up food
From
To dnuk with a noise to kiss.
to
to
7
,
(")
p hai
bark of a dog animals
bet
nan
.
Fi'om month and dog. The bark, to yelp, to bowl, as canine to
Incessant talking
soittlt.
ha
and
. .
From wouf/
e aucl
gabble.
From hand
Large mouthed.
to adltere.
.
ha
I5l
The
^ V =f p
i
From mouth and
desire for food to long for to feel grateful for ashamed.
icnife.
to
.
,
to
From can, reversed. or can not ought not
may
Insufrerable do not, then, forthwith,
aadictea
From mouth and
,
To
nail.
enjoin on one.
U
From mouth and
S
"
,.
rets It
tei
1
chi
of birds
A
kid
, .
.^
ki tetsu i
tai
From7Houi/i andarra??/7