Eclectic Chinese-Japanese-English dictionary of eight thousand selected Chinese characters, including an introduction to the study of these characters as used in Japan, and an appendix of useful tables

Citation preview

'»l->h-*->'lrl

ft»

«ft>)l>lt)

• t

* I

> i

J 4

«

1 f

* 4 t p-

i

/ f

X » »

r

*>

**t/t*^^

• k •*

t I

4 t .

THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA

V

. V

:

ECLECTIC

ESEJAPMESE-Em

C

DICTIONARY OP

^ifl&t

^Ipumxti

Cljnuse Characters,

Sefecteir

INCLUDING

AN INTKODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF THESE CHAKACTEES AS USED IN JAPAN, AND AN APPENDIX OF USEFUL TABLES.

COMPILED AND ARRANGED BY

REV. AyVlBROSE

D.

GRING.

PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS FOR FOREIGN MISSIONS OF THE (gEEMAN) REFORMED CHURCH IN THE UNITED STATES.

YOKOHAMA KELLY AND COMPANY. Hongkong & Shanghai

:

Kelly & Walsh.

1884. [All Rights Eeserved.]

mo

"As

the heart of a people

tongue, and is

to

all

be found

that in

is

Its

is

best worth dialect and

Missionary and Scholar, as well the vernacular as classical

his

reached through

most

language that feeds

mother

knowing about a country literature, the

Christian

as the Official, will master

precious it,

its

instrument,

and the

as his most useful storehouse

of information and illustration, argument and authority."

—Life of John Wilson, D.

R.

MEIKLEJOHN

Sl

CO., PRINTERS, NO.

D., F. R. S.

26 WATER STREET, YOKOHAMA.

PREFACE.

The

object of the present

work

is, first,

to

comprise

within as small a compass as possible the most essential

results of the best native

and foreign scholars

of the Chinese written symbols, as apply to the study of these characters in the literature of to so

Japan

second,

arrange and simplify these results as to

make

their acquisition a pleasure, as well as to secure the

greatest possible facility in their application. First.

The introduction

is

intended to give the

student a general acquaintance with the construction

and use of most

of those characters

which

will not only prove

remembering the specmc sounds and meanings of characters, but which will roost assist Lim in that which is still more important the free and speedy use of the to liim as a beginner service to liim in

Dictionary.

stands

first

To

this

end a knowledge of the Badicala

in importance,

and are here so arrangea

as to secure the greatest variety and interesi in their

study and mastery.

Next in importance

is

the select

list of

Primitives,

which are calculated to greatly assist the student in remembering the sounds and meanings of the

most useful

derivatives.

Following these the student

7r?i -"9

PEEFACE.

ii

grouped according to their frequency in

will find

christain literature, such characters as will serve as

an excellent exercise Primitives,

and

for identifying the Radicals

same time acquaint him with derivatives in the language. Accom-

and

at the

the most useful

panying the Eadicals and Primitives are their ordinary cursive and old forms, for the purpose of preparing

the student to convert at sight sucli characters into their

square or more modern form, and thus be

able to ascertain their

meanings by means

of this

dictionary.

The dictionary

Second.

thousand

consists

much

arranged as

characters,

select

of about eight

as

possible in the order of their frequency under their radicals, as

under the

words in other dictionaries are arranged

Where

letters of the alphabet.

the groups

are large they are subdivided by

sponding to the

corre-

initial stroke of the primitive,

thus ob-

viating the necessity of running over the whole group.

By

arrangement the characters are treated as

this

words,

which obviates the cumbersome system of

counting the strokes of the primitive, usually employed in

The

native works.

consideration of

first

student in the use of characters the dictionary quickly. to affirm that the office of

will enable

is

dictionary of his

hesitate

thorough mastery of the order and little

practice,

by

this

any one

to refer to the dic-

may

wish, as easily and

tionary for any character he quickly as he

the ability to use

The writer does not

the Eadicals, with a

arrangement,

is

the

accustomed

to turn to

words in a

own language.

The Japanese modification

of the

Chinese sounds

PREFACE. of the characters will be

Kana, the

first

iii

found romanized and in

being the Kan-on and the second the

Go-on pronunciation.

however, that

It often occurs,

both sounds are either Kan-on or Go-on while in other >

instances only one sound

made

is

The Japanese-

given.

characters, indicated by the half parenthesis,

are usually without

sound.

)

used Japanese meanings in

(

the Ko-ki-ji-ten

(, g

The most commonly Kana, are taken from and the Giyoku-hen

The student may therefore expect to find meanings of characters whicn are not given here, it

)•

being one of the principal objects of the writer to

avoid burdening the beginner with too as well as to afford

him

many meanings,

the oppoi'tuiiity of doing some-

thing for himself.

The analysis to analyze

is

intended to accustom the student

the characters, as well as to aid

remembering

their meanings.

Many

him

of these

in

com-

ponent parts constitute separate characters, while

The English equivalents are the most important Chinese meanings translated from the Imperial Dictionary of China, principally by the late Dr. Wells Williams, and Drs. Morrison, Medhurst and others. Examples of the various uses and combinations of others are seldom used alone.

characters were omitted, on the

ordinary combinations stood, while practice,

are

ground that

usually

easily

the

under-

the difficult ones are best acquired by

and

also

to

avoid increasing the size of

the book unnecessarily.

The Appendix, consisting of the Shi-Sei, In-so, Contracted and Synonymous characters "with their full

PREFACE.

iv

forms, the Kata-kana, Hira-hana, and Yamato-kana

most

use arranged over the Go-jiu-on, a List of

in

Characters whose Radicals are Obscure, and the Index, will all be

found convenient

The student for fit

for reference.

will find that the

preparation needed

using the present work will at the same time

him

using native dictionaries as well, the

for

ultimate aim of every student, and the writer ventures

to

hope,

that this

little

work

•will

prove

sufficiently extensive as not to disappoint those wlio

may

consult

its

pages.

The student

in China,

by

adding the sounds of the characters peculiar to the dialect

he

is

learning, for which space

also be able to use this

work

is

left,

may

to advantage.

The writer takes pleasure in acknowledging his obligations to all native and foreign students of Chinese and Japanese whose works have been consulted during the preparation of the present work, and particularly to Mr. Tsuji Shidzuka ( it whose deep interest, steady perseverance, and valuable suggestions have aided greatly in bringing the work to its present

),

No

form.

originality is claimed, except the originality

of the plan.

In the languages of China and Japan, as

in languages generally, is

new '

If the present

little

everything old

in

furnishing

foreign

understanding

better

Ever thing new

work

will

students

the

is old,

and

accomplish aught

any assistance

difficult

but

in

beautiful

language of this interesting and intelligent people,

and thus better fulfill the mission that brought them to the East, the writer will be repaid for his labor

:

and

if,

on the other hand,

it

will furnish the

PREFACE.

young men

Japan anything

V

them in their study of the English language, or to assist them in the study of their own, and thus afford them opportunity for the study of Western literature and science, in which they exhibit such comrising

mendable

of

interest, the

many

to aid

pleasant hours of study

and labor in writing and arranging this little book will not by the providence of God have been illbestowed.

A. D. G. Tokid, Japan, Nov. 12, 1884,

PRINCIPAL BOOKS CONSULTED Ji-ga Ji-ii

( (.

)•

( ). ( . (. (

Setsu-mon Sei-jitsu

GiyoJai-hen

Kd-ki-ji-ten

.

Williams' Svllabic Chinese Dictionary. Morrison's Chinese Dictionary.

Medlmrst's Chinese Dictionary.

Systema Phoneticiim. Marshman's Clavis Sinica. Hepburn's Japanese-English Dictionary. Gallery's

Hoffman's Japanese Grammar. Aston's

Grammar

of the

Japanese Written Language.

Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan.

Edkins'

Introduction

to

the

Study of

Chinese

Characters.

Wade's Progressive Course

of Colloquial Chinese.

Indices of Legge's Chinese Classics.

Bridgman's Canton Chrestomathy.

,

Stent's Vocabulary.

Martin's Analytical Header.

Summers' Hand-book. Chinese Repository, Record and Keview,

Gamble's Select Characters. List of Characters in the Fonts Mission

Press,

Foundries.

Shanghai,

etc.

of the Presbyterian

and

Tokio

Type

INTRODUCTION. It is

generally conceded that the people of Japan

had no written characters previous

to the introduction

of the Chinese symbols of writing. to

have taken place during the

This

latter half of the third

century of our era by way of Coi'ea. traces of Chinese writing in

believed

is

may

There

Japan before

this,

be

but

the probabilities are that the introduction proper of

these written symbols took place rather later,

than earlier than the above mentioned Japanese historians have it that the Ron-go Confucian Analects, the Sen-ji-mon

Thousand Character

)

Classic,

period.

( ), ( ), (

ana the Kd-kid

Classic of Filial Piety, were

among

the

first

which were brought over by the Chinese scholars Ajiki and Wani, under the auspices of the King of Kudara, one of the provinces of Corea. books

The

first effect of

the introduction of Chinese -was

that the higher classes set to work to read and write

these characters, and

soon began to employ them

own language.

in their

From

that

time to the

present day these symbols, in one form or other,

have been studied for the purpose of reading Chinese literature, and to write and read the JaiDanese language.

.

In the sixth century, however, tion of

Buddhism B

tlirougli the introduc-

into Japan, the study of Chinese

INTRODUCTION.

To

general.

may

language

and soon

impetus,

received a great this

general

study of

be attributed the

many

after

became

the

Chinese

Chinese words,

idioms and phrases to be found in the literature of Japan. So extensively have the Chinese written symbols, in their

or

full

contracted

forms,

been

employed to write the language of J apan in all departments of literature and in all ranks of society, that it is impossible to study the written and spoken language with any degree of thoroughness

knowledge

without a

of

these

have become part of the language, and in schools

of

all

the

Empire these characters are yet

the

studied simultaneously with the kanci, so

would De

They

characters.

difficult to find

that

it

a person in the Empire

capable of reading and writing

who

does not more or

employ them or their sounds, both in writing and speaking. The Japanese in adopting the Chinese written symbols to write their language, did not change its grammatical structure, however much less

they received in addition in other respects.

PEONUNCIATION OR SOUND OF CHAEACTEKS. The Japanese modification of the Chinese sound of a character is called by them its On () or Koi/e ) and the Japanese words whicli express the meaning of a Chinese character, are called by them its Kun () or Yomi () Again, characters which represent the mere soimd of Chinese words are known as Ji-on

(

kana

(

mere sound

•

)

while those which represent the

of Japanese

words are known as

Kim

INTKODUCTION.

(

si

).

This ideographic and phonetic use

of characters are

known among Japanese respectively and Kana ig) characters.

kana as

(

Mana The

pi'onunciaticni or

sound of characters

is

They may have one of three pronunciations known as the Kan-on ), and To -in ). In some instances

invariably the same. dialectic

()

Go-on

(

(

sounds are

these

not

the

same,

have a

or

resemblance, while at other times they

The Kan-on

strong

are very

most widely used, although introduced into Japan by the literati long after the Go-on, and was the pronunciation of Chinese characters used by the most celebrated men of China during the Han Dynasty. Next in importance pronunciation, which was in all is the Go-on probability introduced into Japan from the kingdom unlike.

is

the

()

of

Go by

the Buddhists, and

is still

used by them in

()

The Td-i7i resembles the present Mandarin sounds, but because of its limited their

litanies.

use, is of little practical importance to the beginner

and is therefore dismissed without further elucidation. When it becomes necessary to distingiiisli these sounds they must be referred to worKs especially

( ),

prepared for this purpose, such as the In-Jdd etc. It is not,

tinguish

sounds at

however, pai'ticularly necessary to dis-

them except iu native

for philological purposes.

dictionaries are

the side of the

cliaracter

These

generally placed

—the

Kan-on on the

and the Go-cm on the left when botli sounds are given but this is by no means invariably the

right

case,

for

indicated

it

often

are both

occurs

that

the

sounds thus

Kan-on or both Go-on

j^ouuds.

INTRODUCTION.

xii

These sounds in standard native dictionaries are indicated by two well known characters, given im-

The consonant

mediately below the characters.

sound of the

first

of the

character, added to the vowel of the

sound of the second, gives the sound of the character This system is called the Hansetsu indicated. or Kayeshi (^C), and is easily understood in detail

)

with the aid of a teacher and the Go-jm-on.

sounds are changed by inflection, and have

these

when thus changed.

particular meanings Sei,

Again,

Appendix, the changes of sound and

the

in

meaning

In the Shi

of a select list of characters will be seen.

NATURE OP CHAEACTEES. Chinese characters answer properly to the written

No

words of other languages. itself

one character forms in

a proposition, nor contains the force of a nouu,

or a verb, of a substantive and

an action and

its

may

different

characters

the

compound

still

be,

adjuncts, or of

However complicated a

object.

character

its

embracing possibly all

component

parts,

seven

having different meanings,

will

have

its

own meanings

partially or entirely independent of the its

six or

meanings of

and yet perhaps as capable of

uniting with other characters as the simplest character in the language. Neither is there anything in the

heaviness or firmness of the strokes to alter the meaning of the character, nor anything in the construction of the

mood, from

character to indicate gender, number, case, tense, or person. tlic

characters.

connection

These must be either inferred or

expressed by

auxiliary

I

INTKODUCTION.

xiii

MEANING OF CHAEACTEES. Chinese characters do not always represent one idea,

nor whatever position

tliey

occupy always

They

in the

beginning like

confined to that one.

words in other languages probably bad but one or two meanings, and in the course of time accumulated This

a variety of meanings.

seen in

is

the fact

most common characters have the greatest variety of meanings and uses, while rare and technical ones have but very few meanings. The meaning of that

tlie

a character

may

be changed also by

its

position in a

sentence.

Occasionally two characters will be found synony-

mous and used

for the sake of perspicuity,

wliile

other times they lose their original meaning express an idea entirely new.

at

and

There are found also

very ludicrous and puzzling uses of characters. Before

kana writing, a select number of Chinese characters called Yamato kana were used phonetically and ideographically, the introduction

or invention

which are yet found in is

tlie

of

oldest books.

A list

of these

given in the Appendix.

CHINESE CHAEACTEES.— HOW USED IN JAPAN. Modern Japanese writing

is

an intermixture of

Chinese characters with kata-kana

The

proportion

of

versa, varies greatly.

many

Chinese

to

Some books

and hira-kana. kana, and vice will

Chinese characters while others

have a great

may have

few.

xiv

INTRODUCTION.

same

In

the

be

expressed

ifl

anotliev

in

hana*

with

written

Chinese

a

book

part of the

of

Chinese

one

at

character,

may

it

Much depends apon Words

writer.

may

book a word

time while

be written

the fancy of the

origin

are

generally

Chinese, as well as niany of the roots of

111

Again, these characters

important Japanese words.

()

are used to write Kam-hiin writing, called

()

Haku-hun

or pure

or

Chinese

Mu-tm

( ),

same style is accompanied with marks and participial and verbal endings to while at other times this

Japanese

the

assist

called Kun-ten

()

characters are used

(

and

verbal

),

student style.*

still

construe the text

At other times these

many

with

kana,

endings in

while

to

words,

particles,

kana-majm

called

in other instances they are used

with their sound or meani7ig written at the side, called kana-tsuki. Again these characters are written in

and contracted forms, respectively, with the kata and hira-kana. Examples of the variety of ways

their full

of writing characters is given further on. *

The hook

indicates the transposition of two words following

each other.

,

indicate the skipping over of two The Chinese numerals or more characters. indicate that and below The characters above middle those parts which have already been marked are again to be

skipped over.

The

cyclical signs

,

,

etc.,

indicate a

still

further skipping

over.

The above signs may occur

in composition to indicate a

further skipping over of characters. well to

make

from the

himself independent of

outset.

still

The student, however, will do these signs and discard them

i

X7

INTRODUCTION.

VAEIOUS STYLES OF WEITING CHAKACTEES. The

I.

This

Teii'Sho

( ).

considered the most ancient style of writ-

is

ing and stands next to the original hieroglyphics. I

lapse of ages.

contains

It

and modifications.

ful inventions

common

and most

present

conveniently subdivided into

() and )

The Dai-ten

1.

commonly

is

The Sho-ten

use.

It

may

of

be

:

or large seal characters,

used principally for seals 2.

It

by foreigners the seal character, because

called Its

many changes in the many variants, fanci-

however, undergone

lias,

stamps.

or small seal characters,

(>]>

ornamental inscriptions and These are prefaces to books as well as for seals. and Shu-ji again divided into the Haku-ji used for

principally

[-^

()

)

white and red letter seals.

The

II.

TMs been

is

Rei-sho

the

official

introduced

commencement

in

It

Happun

or

and

style,

documents.

is

( ).

said

dynasty,

the Tsin

of the Christian

style for engrossing for scrolls,

()

to

have

near the

Era, as an elegant It is

mucli used also

monumental inscriptions and book prefaces.

reauires no special study to read

it,

since

it

differs

so slightly from the next, which is fast replacing for

it

governmental purposes. III.

This

been

The Kai-sho

is

oi Shin-sho

called the pattern style,

It is

and

is

( ). said to have

by improvement in good the usual form of Chinese characters.

gradually

writing.

(

formed

INTRODUCTION.

xvi

and no.one can lay claim to a literary name among bis countrymen who is unable to write neatly and correctly in this style.

angles of the So -did

has neither the sharp

It

() ) (

nor the wavy uncertain

flowing lines of the Gid-sho

may

This style

namely 1. The Su-cho

)

(and

the art of printing

aud is

printing.

It is

vliicli

is

( ).

classes,

was introduced with

used extensively for writing

the style upon wliicii most stress

strokes are almost all equally shaded,

Its

laid.

iind Sd-slio

be subcliYicled into two

:

stiff

and very clear and distinct. wliicli consists of light 2 The Min-cho and heavy lines, is used extensively in books of the better class, and is very clear and pretty.

slightly leaning,

(

lY.

This style

hand. is

is

the

It is

The

Gid-sho

( ).

commonly known as the running common hand of a neat writer, and

frequently used in prefaces of books, inscriptions,

scrolls

and

tablets.

perfect freedom.

It

however does not admit of

The brush may be carried from

stroke to stroke without being raised from the paper,

but no component strokes of a character are allowed to be

thrown

So-sho,

out.

and with a V.

This

and

is

free,

This style little

The

is

practice

Sd'sho

not so is

difficult

as the

easily read.

( ).

called the grass or running hand, run wild so as to resemble entangled grass.

full of abbreviations,

from character

for the

to character

brush

is

made

without being

the paper, almost at the writer's fancy.

It

to

lifted

is

run

from

Well edu-

INTRODUCTION.

xvii

cated natives often find difficulty in reading

it.

abbreviated forms are adopted, and from these strokes are wanting.

read

it.

A good

It requires

Many many

a particular study to

knowledge of the contracted forms of

the Eadicals and Phonetics will be the best preparation for the study of this style.

In the meanwhile

uot be out of place to request

all

bills

will

and corre-

spondence to be writ en in Kai-sho and So-cho

Shopmen

it

style.

are sometimes better acquainted with the

abridged forms of characters than with the

forms and natm'ally prefer to

fuller

wi'ite in this style.

There are also characters so written as to represent the wheat head, the dragon liead, tadpole and bamboo sprout, etc.

Specimens of tbe above mentioned

of written characters

the following

list

and

styles

their varieties are given in

with the

name

of the character

and

their inventor.

;

ii

Ko-hun

Dai-ten

S ho -ten

Chu-hun

() ()

() ()

( (

( Sd-kitsu

(

tK)

Til

Shi-chu

Bi-sJii

Shi-chu

INTRODUCTION.

xviii

Ken-sliin-

)

ten

(s

So-ki

(

Kai-ran-

)

ten

(

Sui-un-

Rm-so-

Yd-raku-

ten

ten

ten

( Ei-ko

()

K a- to -ten

m ) a-

Shi-itsu

Ko-bun

(

(

(

0-gi-shi

Eiii-toku-

shU

)

Hi-hakiisho

)

Ko-rei

(

Sai-yu

Tei-baku

( m)

(m

INTRODUCTION.

Ten- ten

Sen- to -ten

Sui-rO'ten

() [-tan

()

Shi-ye-ten

Riu-vo-ten

(

(

)

xix

Chin-mn

Ei-kan

(

(m

Cho-chii'

ten

)

( So-ki

Kai-vd-ten

Shu-Tio-m* sei

( )

Sd-sha

() Mii-Jio

)

)

INTRODUCTION.

Happun

Kon-so

(A

()

(

O-shi-chiU

Ei-kan

( )

Hattei

( 0-ken-shi

( ) We

are inaebted to Mr. Makirotan

above carefully collected specimens

(

f

of characters.

)

of

Tokio for the

INTRODUCTION.

As a matter utility,

of curiosity

xxi

perhaps,

rather than

a few pages are given to the various classes of

writing into which the Chinese have divided their characters, gathered from various sources, principally

from the

late

SIX WEITINGS 1.

They are

Dr. Wells Williams.

Sho-kei

()

called the

( ).

Imitative Symbols or

Hieroglyphics.

These are supposed

to be the first

made

being pictures of objects such as the vapor,

MODERN.

The

Jitsu

J

"

written

moon

Mountain

Mokic

Eye

Shi

Child

Ba

Horse

Qiyo

Fish

Mokit

Tree

*S

now

sun,

San

2.

sun, moon,

water, sheep, mountain, etc.

fish,

ANCIENT.

Getsii

characters,

/""

)

These are intended form or composition.

INDICATIVE Symbols. to represent ideas

The sim

denotes morning, while the

ing signifies eveniug

when

by their

just above the horizon

moon

but half appear-

the sim lias just

set.

A

INTRODUCTION.

xxii

dot above a line, called the dividing

heaven and earth,

between

line

signifies above, while a clot

beneath

signifies below.

MODEEN.

ANCIENT.

Tan

Morning,

now

SeU

Evening

"

"

Sho

Above

"

"

Ka

Below

"

"

Union

"

"

A

Kd Chu

written

"

Center, or middle 3.

Kai-i

()

or

Ideographic.

This class includes those characters which combine ideas and suggestions by uniting two or three characters to represent a single idea

for instance, tlie

com-

and moon

may

or a piece of

wood

bination of the characters for sun

stand for brightness, while a in a door -way

may

tree,

as aptly denote ohstructiGn

again,

may stand for a forest, while the characters for eye and man combined may easily denote seeing men sitting on the ground may represent the act of sitting three men may represent many two fires, two

trees

one above the other, suggests hurning or hrightness a mouth in a door suggests the idea of asking

and death combined, denotes mouth, to hark tvoman and

forgeifulness

and

^pencil

and

The student however will be he depends too much upon this system of

hooky to write, if

dog and

hroovi, the faithful wife

attending to her liouseliold duties

misled

heart

etc.

combining ideas.

It will of

course be a help to liim,

INTRODUCTION,

but

it

xxiii

lacks that perfection which will enable one

unacquainted with a compound character

to

de-

meaning by its component parts on the other hand it is in most cases certain that a third idea, made by combining two others, usually requires more or less explanation to fix its meaning beyond a doubt. In the instances cited above, we can easily see how the characters sun and moon combined may with equal propriety denote a solar or termine

its

precise

lunar eclipse, or the idea of

time, as brightness,

A

wood in a door-way may as properly repreDu Ponceau sent a threshold as an obstruction, piece of

stoutly refutes the idea that Chinese characters ad-

dress

themselves so plainly to the eye

meaning

is easily

On

construction.

deciucible

that their

from their shape and

the contrary,

it

miglit almost be

said that not a single character can be

accurately

mere inspection of its parts. The meaning now given of some of those which come under this class are also so arbitrary and far-fetched as to show defined by a

conclusively that Chinese characters were

not

made

by rule or plummet, any more than words in other languages. ANCIENT.

MODEKN.

now

Kan

M

Obstruction

Rm

A

Ken

To

&ee

Za

To

sit

Kd

Emperor

forest

written

INTRODUCTION.

xxiv

Ten-cliTi

4.

()

The characters

Antithetic on Inverted

of this class occur

Sy-^ibols.

sometimes turned

partially or completely around, so as to indicate a

new sound

or modification of meaning.

MODERN.

ANCIENT.

now

lu

Eight hand,

Sa

Left hand

Dan

Sundered

Kei

Continuous

Shin

Body

I

Body turned round 5. Ka-sliahi

written it

( ) Metaphoric

Symbols.

This class includes metaplioric symbols and com-

which the meaning

by a fanciful accommodation, as for instance the symbol for a written character is composed of a child under a

binations

ill

shelter, characters

is

deduced

being considered the well-nurtured

Of the metaphoi'ic use of

offspring of hieroglyhics.

words we have an example in the symbol the original use of heart,

is

now almost

wliicli,

for

to signify the

material

forgotten,

ANCIENT.

MODERN.

Ji

(7^

A written character, now written

Shin

Q
5

Onna

"

Yama

"

INTRODUCTION.

Ixxx

Km

Sliimesu hen

hen

Yumi

'*

Nogi

"

Koromo "

Giyonin ben

Kome

"

Te hen

Hitsuji

"

San

Ito

"

Rissliiu

"

sui

Kemono hen

v.^

Haue

((

'(

Suki

"

Hi

"

Mimi

"

Tsuki

"

Sbita

"

Niku dzuki

Fune

"

hen

Musbi

"

Usbi

"

Tsuno

"

Katsu

"

Gom

ben

Kata

"

Tani

hen

Sho

"

Mame

"

Tama

'*

luoko

"

Ta

"

Toku

"

Haku

"

Kai

"

Kawa

"

Ashi

"

Me

"

Mi

"

Ya

"

Kuruma "

Ishi

"

Hiyomi-no-tori

Kata

Ki

1^

S

Ixxxi

INTRODUCTION.

Furu Sato

hen

Kane

"

hen

Kiba

tori

"

Kozato Ozato

Tsukuri kawa

Akubi

Oshi

Kibi

hen

Oto hen

Nira

"

Okai

Hirabi

Giki

Ken kuwa

hen

Uma

Besshm

Hone

Hatten

Uwo

Hi

Tcri

Kuclii

hen "

Shika lio

Mon

).

(

Kamaye.

Hako

gamaye

gamaye

To

Kakusbi

"

Kuni

Ho

"

(

Shin

So

Fu

M5

niu

•

IBU.

INTRODUCTION.

Ixxxii

Hu Fusbi dzukuri

(.

TSUKURI.

P

To

dzukuri

La

Hi

"

Boku

"

Oto

"

Ge

"

Hito

"

Mata

"

Cliikara

"

Sun

"

Hoko

"

O

"

Hoku

"

Ono

"

Bun

"

Eumata "

San

"

J

17>

INTRODUCTION.

Ixxxiii

SUBJECT DISTRIBUTION OF KADICALS. Intended to Assist in Ascertaining the Equivalent

Chinese Chaeacters for English "Words. under

Descriptions of things of earth

Of

tilings relating to

Of things

relating to

woman

"

man

"

earth.

3C

w.

"'o

man.

Anything that comes under cover

"

'

grounds

"

[Jj

All kinds of cloth

"

ffj napkin.

All sorts of buildings

"

Things belonging to archery

"

how.

Things that respect walking

"

walkinr/.

"

heart.

Whatever may be done with the band

"

hand.

Everything bright and glorious

"

sun.

All arborial productions

"

^^^^ tree.

Things referring

"

All descriptions of rising

Whatever has reference

Those referring

to the

to the breath

to

death

mind

"

* cover.

J

mountain.

cover,-

to

^

pant.

decay.

Hairy things

"

haii\

Watery tbmgs

"

water.

The

"

fire.

"

cattle.

results of fire

Horned

cattle

INTRODUCTION.

IxXXiv

"

under

The canine breed

J'

Precious stones

"

Melons

"

Pottery

"

^

Agricultural matters

"

JZLJ field.

Diseases

Things belonging

to vision

gem.

," .

" "

pJ

brick.

disease. eye.

Minerals

"

^Ji

Supernatural things

"

7J> omen.

Grain

"

grain.

Hollow places

"

/\

Bamboo

"

nPT bamboo.

Various kinds of rice

"

y|C

Various kinds of

"

^

utensils

silk

stone.

cave.

rice.

silk.

"

ear.

Fleshy substances

"

meat.

Plants

"

grass.

Insects

"

Clothes

"

Speech

"

W

Precious things

"

_M

Anything done by the foot

"

Conveyances

"

Things relative

to the ear

^

insect.

clotti.

precious.

foot.

carriage.

Ixxxv

INTRODUCTION. n

Movements Anything relative

going,

r

region,

to cities

Fermented liquors

liquor,

Metallic productions

metal,

Anything regarding a door

I

J

door,

mound.

High grounds Vapors

hRj rain.

Things made of leather

tji raw -hid"

Anything relating Articles of food

to the

head

parje.

food.

Horses

horse»

Bones

bone.

Fishes Birds

hird^

INTRODUCTION.

Ixxxvi

CLASSIFICATION OF EADICALS. Radicals Relating to the Body.

Body

Teeth

Corpse

Tusk

Head

Tongue

Parts of a skull

Hand

Hair

P

TCt

Right hand

Down Whiskers

^

Heart fH]

Foot

^

Face

Hide

Eye

Leather

Ear

Skin

|^

Nose

Wings

>^

Mouth

f3

Feathers

Flesh

1^

Blood

Horn Bear's footprint

jfil

Talons |

J

Bone

Zoological Radicals.

Man

Horse

Womn

Sheep

Child

Tiger

H

INTRODUCTION

Dog

Rep tile

Ox

Rodents

Hog

Toad

Hog's head

Bird

Deer

Gallinaceous fowls

Tortoise

Fish

Dragon

Insect

Ixxxvii

Botanical Eadicals.

Herb

Pulse

Grain

Bamboo

Rice

Sacrincial herbs

Wheat

Wood

Millet

Branch

Hemp

Sprout

Leeks

Petal

Melon

Mineral Eadicals. Metal

Salt

Stone

Earth

Gem

t3

INTRODUCTION.

Ixxxviii

Meteorological Eadicals. Rain

Sound

Wind

Sun

Fire

Moon

Water

Evening

i

Icicle

Time

Vapor

Eadicals Kelating to Utensils.

A

chest

A

measure

A

mortar

U

Net

Plow f_|

Vase

Spoon

Tripod

Knife

Boat

Bench

Carriage

Couch

^

Pencil

Clothes

Bow

Head

Shield

covering

Crockery

^Ti

Halberd

Tile

Dish

Napkin

Seal

lIlL

Javelin

Arrow

_

INTEODUCTION.

Ixxxix

Spear

Musical reed

Ax

Drum Eadicals Eelating to Qualities.

Color

Slender

Black

Strong

White

Feeble

Yellow

Old

Azure

jpg

Fragrant Acrid

Carnation

—/

Somber

Vicious

High

Perverse

Long

Selfish

Sweet

p

Opposed

Square

/0

Blending

Large

y\

Even

X

Small

Radicals Eelating to Actions.

To

enter

To

follow

yy

To

stride

To walk

To walk slowly

To reach

To

To move on

arrive at

G

to

u INTRODUCTION.

xc

To oversLadow

To envelop

To

distinguish

To

eucircle

To

divine

To

establish

To

see

To

quarrel

To

eat

To rap

To

say-

To embroider

To speak

To owe

To

kill

To compare

To

step

To go

^

To bring

forth

To use

swiftly

To

stop

To proinulge

To

fly

To

To

conceal

straddle

Eadicals Relating to Parts of the

Would and

Dwellings.

A

desert

A

cave

n

A

cliff

Receptacle ruts

A

field

A

city

A mound

A

roof

A

hill

A

gate

A

valley

A

door

A

rivulet

A

portico

INTRODUCTION.

xci

Numerical Eadicals. One

~

Eight

Two

ZL

Ten

*

Miscellaneous Eadicals.

A demon

Self

Au

Myself

A

inch

mile

Father

Without

A

point

Not

A

hook

Not having

New

A

scholar

Silk

A

statesman

Joined hands

wine

Letters

Disease

Art

A

surname

Wealth

A

classifier of cloth

J

U INTRODUCTION.

xcii

THE KADICALS SO-SHO

THE KAI-SHO AKD TEN-SHO

IN

(

() (

STYLES OF WEITING.

^

^

^1

rt,

A

^ .

I

V

^otr:

^ . U V

J J

ar

AA

.^

PTl

4^

I

(I

A »•

-^7.3r5i>

6

-'

« c U

0

>

^ 5 .^

^

INTRODUCTION.

. 1 . P

E

XCIU

dt: M-c^

oln

1=5^

w\ .

rrh

.^

f PI

^"^^-

—

.

^^

^K

^^

^

^

4^

.

A

.4

w v-r

fs^lt

f

,^ ,-5^

©

TT

^

INTRODUCTION.

XCIV

fffi

g ?4rf

^ ^ 1.^

K39

JW

. ^

^:^

n

I

5^

^ 41^

,

^ p If

^

f]

»

xcv

INTRODUCTION.

®-

al

^

^ al

Rl

4€

4 i^J

n

^

al^Ii

S

l^t

ii3^.®:5*

INTRODUCTION.

xcvi

EADICALS IN NONSENSE VEESE.* To Aid

Remembering their Order

in

the Series.

in

I to 10.

One

A A

(

"^

passing through

')

{J

)

curved

hooked stroke

(

J

left

And

stroke

two men

)

(

a

)

|

little

point

() and then

with two

() ( L)

.

()

form the ten. ,

enter

() eight () a limit

cover

(*-*) ice

(J

)

),

covers (-^) plain,

II to 20.

To To

(

(f

J)

square

in plenty

() receptacle ([_J) and knife (), With strength () infold () make twenty. A

bench

21 to 30.

A

spoon

within a case

(D

() fortune-tellers )

Ten

A

)

(

(

seal

Mouth

P ) a

(

()

cliff

( ) and

up the score

concealed ijZ)

dii'ty,

selfish

()

hands

(31),

to thirty.

81 to 40.

(Q) ground () for scholars () mild, Ho follow ) slow () and haughty The evening ) a large (:^) female () chilct

Inclosing

( (

Bring us

()

to cover (r^)

forty.

) ()

41 to 50.

An

A

inch

() ()

a small

distorted

sprout (J^), a mountain

()

The above, with

characters,

unknown.

is

'(

).;-.

() just

and the insertion of the China Beview," vol. iv author

slight alterations

taken from the

(

rill

With 2vork oneself () and nap km The first half hundred fill. •

corpse

INTRODUCTION.

xcvii

51 to 60.

(

A shield () though small A journey (J^), to join hands An

With

triple feathery

From

fifty to sixty

If

one short step

),

{jY)*

() how () and pig,

arroiv

(

a sheltering roof

s -head

(3L) stuck

bands,

)

give us the key,

(>f

to

)

them added

be.

61 to 70.

() an inner door ( A hand () a branch () a () With () measure (), catty (jf square () The

gO, a spear

heart

),

hloio

letters

Make

),

seventy, you know.

71 to 80.

Without

() the sun ()

() to owe

With wood Perverse

And

(), the moon (), and rest (),

(

to kill

),

to speak

(^ ), and "mu "

do not

(

()

),

eighty stand confessed.

81 to 90.

()

Comparing Breath

(

A father

hair

water

),

() JC)

with famity

,

() and

CR) iiails

(),

to comply {^), with couch (^),

(^)

For ninety never

mils. '

91 to 100.

To

A

splinter

sombg}'

(

()

),

teeth

piece oi

() a cow () a dog (), jade ()

With melon (), earthen {%), meet Produce () a hundred said.

To

use

(

Diseased

(

()

to taste,

101 to 110.

a field

(

),

a roll of cloth

to hack to hack (y^O

(

men,

)

INTRODUCTION.

xcviii

White

() skin ()

spear

A

a dish

()

an

eye

()

and

()

hundred make, plus

ten.

Ill to 120.

() to admonish () a man, in a cave () To creep Cfy), to put grain -ing eat rice () and wear To stand () a hamhoo

An

(),

arrow

a stone

(

(

'() For a hundred and twenty are brave. 121 to 130.

Take a crockery

()

and a sheep

()

that

()

has wings

An

net

(-^)

() man and () a plow () pencil '^) with flesh ^ ear () and

elderly

Add an

(

[

)

them, and You've a hundred and thirty I trow. 131 to 140.

() mortar (p) and a tongue () Opposing ( ) a boat () perverse () a

A A

minister' s

()

self

(

g)

arriving

tint

()

And shrubs () by poets sung> Make up a hundred and forty " Keys," Or " Eadicals

"

whichever you please. 141 to 150.

() blood () to ivalk () Clothing () to superintend () use words (, or seek a horn ( To view (

A

tiger {}^), insects

A valley's ()

sheltered end,

Complete the ten times fifteen set, Though sixty -four remain as yet.

to

.

INTRODUCTION.

xcix

151 to 160.

The common

(^) and

Reptiles

To run

A

yulsc

()

carriage

()

that feeds the pigs

(

pearls

with feet

() and

(D

oi fleshy hue

()

()

() in the hitter () rue, a hody

Make sixty plus a hundred more, By adding ten to those before. 161 to 170.

)

motion ) and a city () fair, Time C THne CS), separate {^), and sound, some metal long () a door A mile And lastly, "fu" a mound ), Make up ten times seventeen, In which four double forms are seen.*

()

()

(

(f^)

171 to 180.

()

To reach () a short-tailed sparroiv Rain () from the azure () sky, That which is negative the face Raw -hide and leather (() dry, With onions or leeks (^^) and a tone or a sound (), Under one hundred and eighty are found.

()

()

)

181 to 190.

(

The head

j

of a

man aud

blow,

To fly () and With fragrance

to eat

(

() and

the wind

that doth

() to go, () hones () exalted

and as

horse

()

leader

and hair (gj) Added on, and a bimdred and ninety are (i^),

* Viz.,

Nos. 162, 163, 168 and

170

there.

INTRODUCTION.

c

191 to 200. a sweet plant (l@) with a tripod

To fight ghost

(

(

()

and •

and a hircl () and some hrine ("! A fish and " ma" hemp (Jl) (which A deer (), any grain

(

makes most Of our cordage, and cables Make just twice a hundred

And

only fourteen of the

Yellow

(

to twine),

of radicals plain,

remain.

list

201 to 214. millet

()

hlack

(

as soot,

Emhroidery (^), frogs (^) and tripod () foot, a rat A drum, a Chinese nose ),

(

()

()

Make up the first nine of those Which beyond two hundred go. Regular

()

makes ten

Only four remain These are

" Kiu" a

teeth

to

()

tortoise

and

so,

know. a dragon

()

and a

()

flute

mute,

(

)•

INTRODUCTION.

ci

PEIMITIVES OK PHONETICS. The ordinary method of acquiring Chinese characters in China and Japan, by memorizing them, has given

Among

(

rise

select lists of

the most important of these

),

mm,

many

to

the San-ji-kio

the Three Character Classic

)

(

and the

is

the

Shi-ji-kio

characters.

the Sen-ji-

Thousand Character Classic, the Four Letter

)

(

Classic.

The characters reference jects

in these books are selected with

frequency,

their

to

suitable

as

They are

children.

for

as well

to

also

subin-

tended as preliminary to the study of the Classics.

But however an important part these works may serve in acquiring a knowledge of Chinese characters for natives,

yet

it

cannot be expected that

answer the same purpose chief difficulties in the

these

lists

for the foreigner.

way

of characters,

tliey will

The

of the foreigner using

are 1st, that the student

memorize the characters by their general form without analyzing them 2nd, the single meaning given very imperfectly represents the characters, and are often misleading. It is perhaps im-

is

expected to

possible to so arrange a select to exhibit fully all their various

These symbols,

like

list

of characters as

meanings and uses.

words in other languages, are

by reading where they are used with other words, and where their various shades of meanings are brought out by the thought of the best learned

writer.

It is evident also that

by reading, one

will

INTRODUCTION.

cii

naturally acquire the most useful characters

remember them by

will best

the thought of the author

first,

and

their connection with

this is

now

fast

becoming

a popular method of acquiring a knowieage of the characters in Japan. If,

however, a knowledge of a number of characters

will be helpful as capital, these

must be

selected, not

especially with reference to their frequency of use in

a given number of books, but they must be selected especially with reference to the frequency with which

they combine with other characters to form new ones.

Such a list well analyzed and mastered, in sound and meaning by the aid of a dictionary, cannot fail to be of immense assistance to the student. To the beginner, the Chinese characters appear but a jumble of meaningless strokes, but gradually be discovers that the apparently fortuitous combination of strokes are capable of being separated

main

parts,

from one of which

tlie

sound

into

may

two

usually

be inferred, even though the character has never

been met with before, and from the other a tolerably accurate

meaning

clue to the

may

be obtained. For

convenience the former of these parts

is

called

the

and the latter the Radical or Key The manner in which this simplifies

Primitive, or Phonetic, of a character.

the acquisition of Chinese characters to

need elucidation.

mitting to

It is

is

too apparent

no longer a question of com-

memory an immense number

of separate

characters or pictures, but rather of classifying

new

and strange characters under

their Phonetics,

the Radicals to indicate

general sense of the

derivative.

the

Even suppose

that

tlie

Phonetic

with

and

INTRODUCTION.

ciii

no instance be

Radical could in

relied

on to give

the sound or a clue to the meaning of a derivative,

and that the precise meaning

of every character

must

nevertheless be ascertained from the dictionary, yet it

is

easy to see

how

a knowledge of the two com-

ponent parts of a character

remembering the student in

greatly assist

will

in

Whatever assists diminishing the labor of remembering

its

precise meaning.

the meanings of characters,

The existence

is

advantageous.

of such characters,

which by associat-

ing to themselves others, form the great bulk of the characters

in the

Chinese language, was

Marshman,

certained in 1803 by Dr.

first

in India.

investigating the characters of a Latin

as-

While

dictionary

with reference to their principles of construction, he observed that in numerous instances one character

was the root often or twelve others, each of which was formed from it by the addition of a single Radical. For instance, the addition of the Radical hand to a primitive formed one character, while this same primitive

uniting

different character. for others,

duced

still

with

Radical

head

formed

a

These Radicals again exchanged

and joined with the same primitive proother characters.

He

also discovered that

same primitive generally took the sound of the primitive with some slight variation. This discovery was so fraught with hope, that he was induced to examine the dictionary characters thus

from beginning

formed

to end.

and pleasure, that

all of

from the

He

found with astonishment

the nine thousand characters

contained in the dictionary were formed from eignt

hundred and sixty-two primitive characters.

— -

INTRODUCTION.

civ

Fearing

promised

lest

to

he should be mistaken in a

fact that

throw so much light on the formation

and knowing also that the nine thousand which he had examined were but a small proportion of the whole mass in the language, he was of characters,

constrained, by the help of bis Chinese assistants, to

examine the whole of the Imperial Dictionary. After fifteen months hard labor he had the great satisfaction

of

seeing every character

in the

derived from another, and classed under

4 primitive.

The

to be 3,867, to

wliole

number

dictionary its

of Primitives

proper

he found

which he added the 214 Radicals, most,

combined as Primitives with other Eaaicals,, thus making the whole number of Primitives 4,081, from which all the characters in the dictionary, of which,

/

forty- one thousand, ,

For the purpose

—were derived. most useful he subjected them to an

of ascertaining the

primitives of this large additional examination.

list,

This examination revealed

the fact that out of the 4,081 primitives, 1,726 of this

number combined only a third, and

tliat

once with a Radical to form

they were themselves produced from

other primitives and Radicals, and therefore might for all practical purposes be

dropped from the

list.

Again, he found that 452 others united with only two different Kadicals, and since they also are included

under simpler forms, he excluded these also from the These lists, 1,726 and 452, making 2,178 primilist. producing only 2,630 derivatives, may properly be dropped, leaving only 1,689 primitives^ which, with the 214 Eadicals, produce seven-eighths of all the tives,

characters in the language.

In 1841

J.

M. Gallery

cv

INTRODUCTION.

Marshman's

subjected Dr.

select list of 1,689* primi-

tives to a still further exam ination,

649 of this

list

and found that

united with only three different Eadicals

and that their derivatives were uncommon characters. Dropping these from the list, lie found also that the remaining 1,040 primitives produced 12,740 deriva-

and that they included

tives,

all

the useful characters

in the language.

The

late Dr.

Wells Williams conveniently divides

these primitives into the following classes I.

:

The 214 Eadicals themselves when used

as pri-

mitives.

*

Of the 1689 Primitives 383 produce each 3 derivatives. -

^ 3

2

5 1

^

INTRODUCTION.

CXXVl

m

iTS

3

" 2

737

3

.

M

2

1

5

1

2 5

*

1

>

2 274442650235952 6275715453^4444

4

5

6

4

619265192455

1

2

5

08807G556

4

$

3

5

3

5? 3

5

3

3

INTRODUCTION.

cxxvii

P G 1

he A26v^

R

4 2

^

L

6 2

9

21

5 4

17

S

6

5

1 8

f 9

^

4 8

7

1

K

3

7

2

^

84536

.^

4

3 7

2 6

2 2 7 46

94

J J

8

2

5 8

4

3

2

s

5 5364

3

^

5

^

2 8

GS.H

cxxviii

INTRODUCTION.

INTRODUCTION. P

S

G6

1

9

3

p

cxxix

Go

1

5

A ^ S

s 5K s

8 0^

3 9

^

2

ft

6

819

2

..

833331^1525

1

^ ^ ti

4

5 7954-58

5

^

M ^ & 50755723

€

^

@ S

^§00 2

3

21

&

^ #

^ ^

¥

i cxxx

INTRODUCTION

.se

PA G E

5

77

75

.

75

75

277

^ #

H

77

2

44

39

M M

5

3

S

^

9

4

3 78194992135 22851796559

11

39

92

3

36

4

« It

59 1 11

91 5 34

^

INTRODUCTION.

M

PA G

1

32

4

452

38 7-^

179

32

E

^ mu

1 47

5 83

9

61

9

2

ffi 88

2

o 54

,

39 5

9-

79

1

32 1

1

322

5

48 9 11

-

99

cxxxi

S INTRODUCTION.

cxxxii

P AG 78 J

^3 !c

83

56

§

534

356

%i 559

#

1 47

226

226

3

35 3

SI 5

f

8

a0

1

5

^8 5

I

^ -

CXXXIU

INTRODUCTION. F

A30 G81

S

E

P AS8

K ,M

S

^

11 079 218

t

*

1153151152

#

*

>^ 4223222212

%

8-668

1

3334

i

i 8840233705002

4

1_

05

1

78 92

4

2

4

5

4

887 034

M

2 1

^

cxxxiv

INTRODUCTION.

Thirteen Strokes.

INTRODUCTION.

CXXXV

INTRODUCTION.

cxxxvi

PAGE 355

^ ^

538

1^ €^

pA G E 2o4

^

3 CO

^^ ig

554

35

454

2 8

450

326

422

61

681

116

245

U M

157

#

3

es

429

A

M0

® € H

3 2 .

M K s ^ I

2

2_

OOi

OOi

9

423

49 4

*

oi

2;

78

X

4 3

241

Foui t e n s t o

«

4

21

^ ^ ^^

M

4 # INTRODUCTION.

€

PAGE^

244 62

583

g

H

CXXXvii

P 5

5

1

2

1

4

*

5

Fifteen Strokes.

i"

$

s

^0

® 779939130782253251

5

5

1

s # €

14131153

5s

& M

#

Sixteen Strokes.

106

I

INTRODUCTION.

cxxxviii

PAGE

is)

^3

399

nE 583

496 169 39

rOS

400 426

199

270

240 Eighteen Strokes.

503 505 '

493 Seventeen Strokes.

404

^

[M]

INTRODUCTION. p A CJ 169

44

cxxxix

ux.

^

opt

If!

2 4

0^ Itrr

%^ a§

2

00

§ Twenty Strokes. Nineteen Strokes.

Twenty-two Strokes.

393

Twenty-four Strokes.

430 495

Pv

^

fcit*t

^ INTRODUCTION.

cxl

SELECT CHARACTEES In their Full and Contracted Forms, Principally FROM THE Bible and Twenty- seven Other Books, Intended as an Exercise in the Eadicals and Primitives.* I.

II.

13 characters which occur over 10,000 times each.

224 characters which occur from 1,000 to 10,000 times each.

1

-

1^ >5

/

&

/

cd

/

I

L

Air

V.

*

list of

The

writer

is

indebted to Mr.

characters in their full forms.

Wm. Gamble

for the

above

V INTBODUCTION.

Cxli

i

^ ^ !^ -v^

ulln

\^3_^4^,"

6 ti^

W

Cxlii

0:1

INTRODUCTION.

s

1

INTRODUCTION. II. ( Continued.)

t

® 1^

v^s

1

^

4

^

^ H %

S

cxlii

Cxliv

INTRODUCTION.

lp

V •

L I = " h t

||

… ^

1 1= .

^^?

.

^^^

* *

^

^ . s

INTRODUCTION.

cxlv

VI. 47 cliaracters which occur from 600 to 700 times each.

A

^ f -

..

^¥

^ a 43 -^

s ^ >

-^

^

INTRODUCTION.

c

V a 5

1

^

f

ach

=




INTRODUCTION,

Clvli

clviii

INTRODUCTION. XI. ( Continued.)

INTRODUCTION.

clix

.

#

^

P

^

>

S j

^

s-s

^ % 1^

^ y P-

.

Clx

Ii

INTRODUCTION.

1 S

^ 41

®

.

1 INTRODUCTION.

clxi

xm.

xn.

301 characters which, occur from 50 to 75 times each.

(Continued.)

u £

SMI

ffi

•

C X1

INTRODUCTION.

•1

".i .

$1

«

1 •

INTRODUCTION.

C

•

11

n .m

s

a-

00

>v^

f

2

^ 7,

=

llpn

g

s

fcx

o

£ fc

lll^a

INTRODUCTION.

Clxiv

"

S

* * II

K

ill

ffl

INTRODUCTION.

clxv

clxvi

INTRODUCTION.

INTEODUCTION. XIV. (Continued.)

clxvii

CHINE SE-JAPANE SB AND

ENGLISH DICTIONARY ,

1

itsii

san

,

A

.

Begiuning

of

numbers.

The dividing stroke between heaven and One the fiist at once as one a, an

tela

y

honest

—

>

few

perfect.

' -,

earth.

Supposed three powers, heaven,

tf .

,.

earth and man. times.

To

hands.

Three,

thrice

several

several

From seal, over hill, aEcT two to second a deputy, a coadjutor, Used only in official titles.

aici,

,.

an assistant.

Original form, Jmnd holding things. The second of the twelve horary characters the second hour of the day from 1 to 3 o'clock a.m.; clown comedian.

U

;

J

©

-0

S

-

.

Signifying a thing above the level, up. Upon on, in to go up, to ascend emiuent, exalted, honorable to present to a superior.

3

.

,

From

generation seasons.

age, a life, sliitsii

sho sha

.

>

shield

Originally from

.

>» strokes for legs also,

one crossing middle

Seven.

deflected.

3

under, tlireo tens. All the world, mankind times, one,

From

stand with two inner for the rounds. And,

and the lower

moreover, besides, further, therefore,

if,

so^

yet, perhaps.

.

ha under,

down

inferior

in

Signifying under the level.

to descend, to to the next.

fall,

to let

Below,

fall,

mean,

,. (2

Originally vian above, barb Mow. A stmg a nail a full grown person workman an individual to sustain to order.

tei

cho

. .

Tcatsu

quest

Jcai

To ask alms,

to beg, to re-

a mendicant,

to give

;

Composed of one, One of the divisions

hei

and

receptacle. brignt.

.

to eyiter^ of

time

The upper stroke heaven the lower An adverb no, part a swallow darting down. not. Placed before the verb in Chinese writing.

©

,

*

^

level.

and, also, moreover,

with

•

s-

to

.

d,*:

coition.

all

ten.

An

(10 Chinese

feet

Hand, grasping

measure

a measure. 11 feet 9 inches English.)

elder

=

standing together on Collected together together

.

same

the

Two men

One and gcme not to return. To cast away

to leave

to cast off

to lose.

.

. first

Oyie and not. Unequaled to receive with respect an intensive pai'tic e.

from

07ie

,

U

name

. and

2

,

central

connect

to

.

inner

in

A

From

month, with a The middle, sides.

the

among

half

to

hn

the mark.

vigorous plant rising above the healthy pleasing; plump jolly.

. , . Fine

ground.

To

.

I

pass"ge

,

bill,

of Confucius.

-

^

Intended for a mound; a mouna; to collect

A

north.

From Upo mouths coimected. passing connect, to string together, strung

through. n

Three last leaves on a

t:

things, as coins, furniture, boxes, fruit, etc.

bamboo twig.

"

.

tf

prcmgs.

A

articles,

Classifier for

fork a crotch

From

a

sticlc

with

a female slave.

3

S?.

s s

stand,

with the

fame

rising.

Originally a lam})-

A

lord,

master

:

sovereign the ciuer, the principal govern that winch gives light.

tan

f

.

to rule

The point a red

the a red

stone,

other part, a pit. Pills red, carnation stone the philosopher's stoue.

.

^

gan

to

Hefers to the ease wiih which round things are rolled. A mil auythiug round.

4

J

,,.

sin

plant issuing

Originally

from the ground. fSign of the possessive, no as a pronoun in the accusative him them it which what to go. dai nai

Air

cannot be recovered.

curling,

am, was doubtless, certainly; forsooth your and.

liO Ill, at,

. . .

In, at

The

with, from, to

is,

what but

bvpath rising and extending. a sign of interrogation or

admiration. .-2

mail's legs.

S

Lcmg,

Long

or something following a time, lasting to make or

continue a long time.

From correct^ turned to the left, to denote its opposite. To be iu want emptv poor exhausted to iujure, to spoil.

, over

e/iter

excelling.

avail oue's self of

which the middle

.

to

Ram's head and homs, To turu back on

depicts.

cunning.

, .

H

, .)

to resemble a 7iew horn tender,

(

Suddenly

Originally thought

child,

•

clever

Youug

From

unexpectedly; hastily

Blades of shears,

to aid

From

as in a chariot

to ascend,

.

', strange

To nde,

sto])

small over one.

first.

To

cut grass

orderly.

5

.

itsu

otsu

Curling

or bud, ust coming out of darkness. Second horary sign one bent, curved. Ofteu used for a phonetic. sprout

(4)

.

Aik1 also

-

kin

ku

even,

Nine

divers.

limited

.

.

11

Milk

milky

one and the nipple.

.

and

n

kitsii

KI

To

sunlight.

incubate.

to

.

b

Tii

one and

to confuse

From

the breasts

poiver of iiaUirCy entirely clean.

From

To regulate

the phonetic, to govern. confusion, disorder.

nut

likewise

Winding, as the courses of to come to an end.

ran

HotSll

besides

final particle.

still

From

the exhausted

Drv

{)'• Said to be a contraction of to entreat to pray to humbly.

beg, to ask alms

6

, concluded

no Tin

yo tracted.

. J

Ch d without

. :

I,

From mail and house, we, our, myself to give.

.

affair

con-

From

hand, coutracted lo denote a record, ad to serve to obey business; an act.

lf

middle

arms. Fixed an end,

to bring to

intelligent

aiia.??o,

7

.

'

looking at each other. to

.

Tavo huiiclibacked men Deformed uglv second

esteem lightly.

Two

strokes, dual

.

power

of lieaveii

and earth, connected by crossing lines. number a perfect number. «

To speak, to say now then.

Vapors curling and rising.

move and return

to

.

,

F

trust

render sincere. 9

©

.

if

From man and ahle. Who,

which, what, how, wherefore

, .

From man and

to command; to send; to to use.

n Now,

.^

From

collected

time

at this

to

To

and up

order,

commission

to^

contracted.

presently.

.

a siieaf, and awws of wheat in reach to bring to get effect

.

C

to endure.

office.

employ

,

1

rt

.

to bear

Sincerity, truthfulness, believe a letter.

From

hind

to

To come

it.

to

return.

From

7?tan

integrity

to

and

fronts. trust, to

From

mrnt and an estate, contracted. A vassaJ, a servant palace, officer, chamberlains to follow to serve to belong to.

To

•

M

'.

To

siiigle.

to propagate

to

publish. *

an age

-"

.

From man and javelin.

for,

instead

/

I

of

.

o

.

From

serious, grave

Convenient that

to

is

com mire, as phonetic.

ments

by-laws to arrange.

^

juhi fall

V

charity she,

it,

to

.

prostrate

V ^ man and

to assemble and seal order to command

A

,.

tT

or ice. slow.

A

composed

From 7"a" and

put at ease

+

to accord with..

From man and to Laws, regulations amenacompare adjust to class .

From man and

to

A generation, reign change-

place of

From mmi and I

dignified step

K

of, in

law, an to warn your,

authority.

ail officer

jin nin

From mmi aud

hand down

transiiiit to, to

humble

dog.

to hide

To

' tico.

Humuu, humanity,

.

kernels,

they

lie

or

secretly.

From

benevolence,

stones of fruit.

From

VI an

and faithful.

that person or thing.

He,

7) hei

.

N

The head leaning

instant.

to

From

VI an

one side

ana

inclined

to subvert.

'

f"

.

•

inch. To give suggest.

From man and an

deliver to;

to

to

. To

court, as pnonetic.

to receive

to;

senci

to

From mrm and

wait upon

to be near to

to follow.

sJioku

From

soku

To

a a

711

an and /"', t)ervei ted

To

down

to cut

strike

. and

To lean towards

to encroach

To

From mem,

.

A

From man and

to explain, to clear

extenci

kia get

From vian particularly

partial

.

shin

to siceep

to appropriate

.

,

hen

lance. to reduce.

From man and

To usurp

speak. repeat.

From man and

to destroy

by hand. to invade.

Hat. retired.

as the phonetic. depraved, mean, vue.

.

Aslant, oblique

and

strenpth

to

to

ur)

inotith.

character adopted by the Buddhists for the

sounds ga and ka. help

r-t

From man and

to countenance.

To meet

straifjltt.

on

to

.

happen

borrow. False borrow hypocritical. to

'

hutsn hotsu

not

.

Buddha

, .

chd

a staff

To

m

rest,

to

bend down

From man and

aged

occur

to

;

to hold

From

viaii

unreal

pretend

to

aid, to

From man and

.

to attend.

and

To

right hand.

to

From man and

bright

great.

To lean on;

measure.

to beat.

.

cease

to

From man and

tree.

prosperous

deal geutlv

excellent.

.

90 -w-

ku

gn

Proud

rude, uncivil

,

nobkvuuu

To

wait

From

man

.

and

trifling.

to treat rudely.

expect

From man and

inquire

to visit.

8) .

A

From man and ten. 1 sundries; a titlie.

.

Beautiful

,

From man and

. , .

superior

I

two mouths, and general opiuion.

To arrogate

tivo vien

From

.

A

From

usurp; to assume

inclosnre ana to eat, contracted. to store in a granary.

a box or bin

grauary

. and

To

reiichhia.

lall

over

=1

and

to

auci

teach

To arrange

to receive t:

A

loiKj life.

who

:

and

lo

,

perform the duties

sai

;

To owe money

.

To

old.

. literati

.

-

From

licentious

do, to

From mem and

act

to

.

au olhcial associate

From vwn and

hlame. a debt an

a burden

to bear

kindled wood, as a phonetic.

From

to

vian

and

A

companion, a a kind of class.

necessary.

Philosophers

the leaniecl.

. upon

to st)y

From man and

to

assist

office.

To

to carefully examine. •

To

From

of,

obligation.

colle^igae,

to

private.

From man and

.

From man

superintend

Meau, low-lived

j^erverse.

sa

Nvait

.

mail and comrade, mate, friends

1 piU'iy, class,

cramped

partial

saJcii

.

near.

or step persistent

to cover.

liiau

so

,

difficult.

aiyjilay.

to sink

From man

robust

Strong,

estal'liaJt.

unwearied

From man

to prostrate

.

but, why, then.

hen

bic,

mail and impious.

to

-

to ass

unanimous the

All

.

to one's self disorder, confused.

SU

a court baton. goodness.

nice, excellent

From

c

of len solaiers

file

From man and au assistant

second

the h'ft. a vice-

captain.

. From

and sorrow fuL

iiuni

.

very, fully

entirely,

degree.

to excel

tranquil.

From man and

couii)letely

Abundani, excessive exhmi^ted. To finish all the utmost

easily

9 ran nil

V

=

,

.

,

I'om to collect; and archives. To think; lo arrange to unify. Used as a phonetic.

.

m ,.

ho

From man and

Unusually fortunate, lucky to get without

lucky.

hei

effort, or right.

From 7nan to carry, as a nurse a child

shi

.

tetsii

. .

Artful, cunning. tei

did

and

To bear

child.

to undertake.

From man and instead of.

From man and

Alone

nail.

no pro-

te toi' or support.

? I'om man and

shi

to learn

To fill an

r.

office

to occupy a station of post.

to serve

.

yen

scJiola

From man and

Great

great.

myself.

.

1 To fatliom

jin

lull

.

rei

From man^

. .

From

ho

To

7w

Emolument, sJioku

.

N

3/ 3

stand or

.

, . to

sen

/

sei

Hi'j

hi yd

fair 1:

a

,

>^

mxjolixi

3

JfEl

covd periuus.

cliff.

a free and easy

To way

to

From

mail and azure. pretty.

Good,

.

From

vian

and

skill.

To

large.

From man and

ingenious

.

to

mail and curved. An inn teuuporary stately.

From

plump

, . fat

ability

.

to bojoiirn

lid

hi

a

refracted, as light.

commendatory term

to lodge

grow

receive.

come. To induce one to encourage to warn.

meet one

.

to

allowance, wages.

From man and dwelUng.

carelessly bold.

to

to spread out. spreading every-

From man under oblique

From man and

come

and an old companion a

From man and

sit

banghty rai

vian and

salary, stipend

Inclined, leaning

hio

ioku

deer

reaching

extend, to diffuse where.

ko

to nil.

ptumetic form. A pair, a couple mate, a feUow conjugal union.

ri

solcu

From man anditveapon.

measure

to

press

branch.

Talent,

skilled.

From

via 71

and

upon, constrain

full.

urgent

To ini-

0)

.

From man and

eminent.

Deceitful, false, pretended, y

From ma n and

•

.

unsatisfying

%

unreal

¥

.

Frora

.

?" m and equal. To send, make, to do a messenger

to

man and

I

house contracted. ^

we, our, myself.

no

From man and ohl, as a phonetic. huge in proportions.

Large, great

.

shitsu

Firm

extreme.

From

unbending

From man

•

To urge one

and havina. help

. ()

and

mail

foolish.

in

u

Empty

to.

From

as a messenger according.

7=:

reach

to

unsatisfactory.

to eat

to wait

on; to

to stimulate.

'

-

,

From man and

wooden puppet made 7 ,i

riku

,,

rut

To

.

From

To distnbute

garments.

disgrace,

vtan and the iinper

scattered.

From

mail and to fly high. contempt on to act

bring

to

A

through. pain.

man

like a

foolishly.

sen hi

.

tf

|g

. ,.

very to

no

From man and

To caper and perform

high.

From man and

Joy

joy.

cautious

about.

strict

From

I

you,

mail and also. another.

He,

vtan and husbandry

.

thou.

,

ta she,

To accompany

.

joint

.

From

that, the, other

it

ha i

.

From man and

to take along

alL together, "with a

robust.

From ma

value of a thing ly

71

and ^9r/c^, as phonetic.

.

M

,

lie on.

From man,

. To

to still, to

cease, to desist

honest.

aiul perfect all of

a kind.

From man and

to sleep

to

to

recline

hush.

'

doubt.

The

the price.

miniher ov five. A perfect number Applied to planets and tastes, etc.

yen

mount

to

antics.

'

To compare, to assorr.

To spy out

to explore

one sent to reconnoitre.

From man and

to

.

From man and a spy

a scout

11)

, . . .

'I

Admirable

rom man ana

to think

to guess

«

.

hi

To take

leave of

^.

to

.

sJia

From man and

all

united

•

.

kitsu

to exhibit.

I

myself.

From man and

.

fortunate.

exact, correct.

•

fji

.

The same,

artificer.

harmonize.

to

•

From man aud

Robust, strong

to covipare.

ugly.

From man and

identical

Hunchto show

a corner. stooping

the body inclining

backed

To estimate

old.

worth.

From man and

respect.

perverse.

powerful.

fine-looking

rare

From man and

o

^

-f

"

From

GeDerous, noble minded

mcui and to ss. bold zealous for the •

•

right.

To to

lie

From

an and

.

down

push

7)1

Clever at

tico.

skilled.

From man and hounda ry.

stretclied out

prostrate

stiffened

over.

.

i

Twice joined,

Altered from the thought done. another form, already. To use to aid to place in, being, by, with, because, for, to have although. to

indicate

'.

sai

Class,

company

Fi'oin

7*.

tan

.

only, simply

\y

as soon as

all.

From

.

yuan and preinireiL All, the at once, Lotli together.

.

vian and stupid. To Drotect for a protector, guardian.

rj

stand. The place established to reign. to

right

and a thhut in

for

to retain

use.

complete

To prepare all.

ho

and satyr. An image, an an even number.

From man

•

correct

hi in an

'

Fi'om

to be surety

to feed

i

and

together.

From man and monK But

hen ever

whole, altogether ho

man and even

sign of the plural.

arrangea

'

From

to pro viae

From man

idol, a statue

a pair;

-

A all,

as the plioiieiic.

to supply

succor

-

,. To

place before

. To

clothes.

y

on

rely

.

/iv

To

stoop, to

bow

From man and down from

to look

i

5 s

3 •/

,

s

,, .. . ,

perhaps

f

From

adorn to clean up examine. Like, similar

as, as

^

as

From

.

VI

it

From man and and

an

mild.

s

.

,

articles, gear

w

Pros t rate, //

to

move

e

to forfeit

To

J

'.

, luUen

.

From

to dwell

to stop

.

»i

rum,

rely

on

support

vian

and

to rule.

endure.

to live in

not altered. increase a fold

From man and

.

From man and

trusting

. .

iu

to

To a

clay

scarcely,

xnmsxiaL

engage

To

one to do

fulcrum.

From man and

inon

tools

to subvert

Exactly nothing over as the phonetic. almost, only, nothing more.

.7-

vian and

place

From mmi and

low rebel to withdrcuv liuiulied times.

.'

From

or excite.

.

i

A to

From man and strenuous.

to overturn, to

,

halt

m

arrange

thovfjht. tliouglit

a man's name.

i:

-

to

If,

From man

luclemuifv

quiet.

To number,

hy.

superior.

.

To

1

lion

to

From man and hundred thousand; number beyond

s

/

To

to regulate

supposing.

restore restitution.

contrive

/

and pelage. :

.

y -ft o w

form

were appearing.

s

to atone

etiquette

that

. if,

The

phonetic.

mend

to

uuexpectedl}^

and rewnrd.

store-house. a height.

.

.

figure.

:

to.

i?rom man and right, as the usages of mankind a rule rite

^

conform to

to

,

tJ

To

From man and

to trust to

according

to aceede to

to offer to;

to give.

i

c

From man aud

door.

The sign

of

the plural of persons.

nan l)iaiu

faitblul

From truth and flowing streams. upright plam-spoken.

t

3

.

13)

.

To

common. 3

-

.

laborer

phonetic.

I

To

I

.

over

fall

thrown.

.

.

From man and

to fall to the earth

From

false, unreal,

leigu

a

as

self

From 7)1(111 and to respect as the To warn against to urge to reform.

/L

s*-

From man and

engage one's

hire to to serve hired

to

over-

To

vian and sheep. a dodge.

preteuded

From man and

middle. Middle inferior the man in the middle.

the second of three

,

S

.

From man and

A

elegant, as the phonetic. fine lookine^ person a leader to introduce to seduce.

From

7R

To stand and

stop.

, ,

s/iakit

supposing,

,

/

no

From ma n and

or spinal vertebrae, to associate with, to mate together.

, .

.

and foot. To constrain to urge on near, close shortened.

sJwku

:

, . , , . . , , . ;

/|^.

From man

driven

From

?

16) ketsu

.

>

and

A

cruel.

hero, heroic

proud

From man

self-willed

to

raise up.

.

rj prisoner of war

From man and

.

to capture

S/

and

To wait upon

so.

wait

prepare for

to

^.

to until.

From man and

you, yours.

exi^ect

From

77ia7i

to look

to

Thou,

those, contracted.

^.

>

A

trust.

taken in war.

spoil

From man and

elevhant. Like, such, so, similar; a figure, image, likeness an idol to resemble.

I

.

From man and already, tf imitating the Sanscrit samja. A Buddhist priest a lama the third in the Buddhist trinity.

.

n

From

vian

and

o.r,

because big, can be shared. To divide to partake to distinguish a classifier of wide application.

From man and

,

i

To bend bumble low.

droop

to

low.

.

•

.ft

•n

t

m

.

and roll as desist from labor.

,

I

.

plicmetic.

many. expand superfluous.

a

Extravagant, ru'ofuse

Tcatsu

5

because

assist

to enlarge

firm.

,

to

Remiss ansicer. to despise. disrespectful

and

han

hai

to

From mem and

;

'

.

careless

IVom alone

From man unaerhand

From

'

and his halfa^ the phonetic. A comrade, a an associate to follow, attend.

VI an

fellow,

From

man, all and nankin. Things worn on the girdle as pendants; to wear about one, as a souvenir.

'

(ja

and

I.

falling

ken gen

.

attendant

•

C

to

large, tending to

tJ

To

eight.

From

fatigued

Tired,

Jcai

man and

base

to incline

Suddenly imminent.

and aU. Moderate

a

moment

From man

momentarily;

.

From man

temi^erate, frugal

economical;

close.

itsu tetsu

' Il/C

man and to fail in

to lose.

Ease

to omit.

idle, leisure

From

retirement

(17)

.

Great strength

slave.

Alone

to order.

. .

employ

to

sprightly.

'

From man and

a

to play

ciroll

From man and

part mau, part devil

Great gigantic monstrous, as a meteor.

ghost.

. From wrni and , appearing as hard

Like, pant.

similar

.

man and pantomime.

when highly

man and limit

cJuld.

assists

. men who same

.

From

children

a

From man and petty. good

a waiter

great.

From man and From man and

red.

Applied

From man and

, ficial articles.

to loio.

Equal

to accord with.

sort or class

advantage.

showing

trim, neat

talented

like

are undersized.

, .

of the

and

to distinguish.

. One WHO

skip

to

to excite.

feeble,

Little,

to benefit

To

, .

elated

ve.

Z

to see

if

Fi'om

dance, as

to

From man and

violent.

skill

Clever,

and accuracy.

.

From man and sacriA band of dancers, or mummers,

during the worship of ancestors

.

row rank.

From man and

all.

Not restrained, no embarrassment

one's

self.

'.

From

a law to

vian and bent.

The

Japanese; a term used by themselves, as equivalent it is defined by the Chinese as the to Yamato country of dwarfs.

he

.

rules.

A

a tJioiisand, whom anciently a thousand cash.

From man and

chiliarcli

. f'rom mail and omen. Weekly young; going unsteadily envious impatient of labor.

'. From man down the head. •Dissipation.

Ill,

disabled.

and

. .

to

evade.

From man

To put and.

not.

From man and autumn.

A

18)

' . From mem

sail

A

cover held by a lianale. rain a parasol.

, .

kai

To assemble

semble.

From

,.

perverse.

,

Jiatsii

To

tonaue.

,

jEi.

.

dividend

M

furniture

to

to

collect

From two men and

.

the position of one

.

sa

1^

From man and to

,

to

Good

fire.

a comrade

gear icalk.

Superior,

talent, ability, eminent.

From man and

man and

A part

divide. in society.

A

irregular.

w

To

uml.

drunkard's

.

reeling.

i^f

to

a sacri a table

to

From man and

household property

remarkable

injure, to hurt

,

to grieve, to distress.

nin

man and

Fi'om

assemble,

From man and

.

shun

sho

From man and

A

.

hin hiyd

as-

au unarilled troop mulish,

basin or bowl on three legs ficial dixh. used to hold flesh in sacrifices.

so

to

to join.

to tug at.

reach sho

unite

and

meet

to

san crafty. Disorderly, like

and a a cover from

shelter

From man and

to

From

.

wound,

Sincere, sure, a Jiorary character. on burden to bear. a duty a trustworthy, relied

10

gan

,

two,

referring

mencement the original.

,

uoiiu'

first

.

which sustain the

Mo

,

From 7nan and

cause

first,

The com-

head, principle,

Originally tlie carved beams To sustain to attain lo

roof.

.

subdue, can, able.

able for

ho

'

aud earth.

to heaven

From brother To fear, to lorbear irom, vinorous, repeated. to refrain cautious solicitous. >•

and

Tiotsu

•p

.

,

vian and one, denoting as

punishment

. level.

To

stable, persistent.

From

cut off the feet

t

2 i

.

.S

An

it.

-

Mr.

.

harsh

to excite fear

.

.1

From

.

7nan as

fulfill,

tin-

desperate,

cruel

fearful.

Intended to represent

The Malayan

fire

honor

From man and

Malevolent, inhuman,

liichij.

"^

From man and

To fill to nourish, contracted. satisfy to stop up high, long.

to

a duty

S

.

brilliant illustrious Light naked, smooth, only, bald. it.

.

glory

and

wi«n and wzowf a ove a senior, superior a term

elder brother

of respect, as

above

From

the

rhinoceros.

rliinoceros.

From WW

moutli,

and

six.

Correct,

trustworthy.

§

@

%§

. above ahead

it.

jf

,

a cause

^ lortoise-shcll

before,

irst

to begin

From man ana

to

go

formerly, past to go firstly, early, soon.

.

on a

ijines

after roasting for divination. a place of worship.

An

omen, a prognostic ten

men

2^ lici

211

en

.

t

i

for a hare. To get oft, excuse to escape from.

£1

to evade

Contraction to docige, to

, .

.

From

and fontaneUe, altered. Au infant especially a boy a child. feeble. From man, and by, contracted. To permit assent promised true,

J man

loyal, really, honestly. to

A

.

From

form, and an old form

kind of helmet carry in a napkin to retain. of

hlind.

',

da t

dam}) place.

. up.

A

.

From

gratined

to

vian and a

satisfied

to

to weigh against.

exchange to

To permeate

helmet-shaped

A

rabbit squatting with its tail perked hare or rabbit to hunt hares.

11

sen zen

. pleted, finished perfect all.

From enter and gem. Comentire in all parts unbroken,

^

X

(20)

jiu

.

The junction of above and below, noinn in and out. To enter, to go into to enter upon to put into income entrance.

-f

niii

'

,

__A

^/V

. out of

From

"Within,

it.

and a border from

to enter

inner, inside of a house.

among inner rooms

internal

.

b

a cave, equal divisions. intimating likeness doubled both entering

in,

From

two

Two, a

pair, twice, again,

dual.

'

tj

^^

u

'

J

From

T^.

to enter

.

going to ruin

destroyed

and

dead

Lost,

ohscurit}/.

in poverty.

From an old form of to assemble, boat and icater. To respond, to answer, as a maid servant yes so, certainly, well. 12

A ,. A

contraction of the character fan,

A

relative and personal pronoun, he, she it his, Ibe}^ theirs f the, that wherever, whoever, there.

. , .

From eight or divide and breath. An interjection of admiration, but also of inquiry or

kei

doubt.

mitsu hachi riliu

From

.

11

roku

eight

and

Eight

flaring, to enter, over it.

, .

,

-0

things back to back.

opening out,

to divide

y

Two

from

Six.

twenty and

Generally all, altogether, raise in fine, in short, to sum up collectively with, together. to

and

scJfixJi,

equal to

^

'1

1

'

,

n

soldier .^

military

all,

troops

JL :

. '

hillocli.

A

weapons

From h ml grasping two stalks. in to absorb moreover, and, equally, together.

To comprehend along with

ten

a force

and a an army

eight

eight.

open,

to kill.

hen

t

From

all,

and,

From

or private. Prmiic, common general just, equitable.

.

m

;

.

above to i^resent to. Premred throughout together.

;

From j^recioiis

well arranged

, ,.

ail,

Originally a stand, and records on it, now contracted to eight. A canon, a law to rule, to control to pawn to mortgage a ,

classical work.

A

21

)

.

M Jci

another. eager for.

To nope,

The same

as above.

From

to desire

north and

to expect

be

to

13

n

.

From one aud a frameAgain, the second time doubled, then, also, likewise continued.

sai

icork contracted.

set

repeated

.

ben

From

A

a covering and ghost.

' . . ,

men

crown,

a coronet.

saku

A

together.

sail

a

Slips containing decrees tiea a list, au inventory a register, book, records.

slip,

memorandum

Fi'om covering and uuderueatli. Covering for the head blindly, rashly, heedlessly to assume to affirm falsely. cije

:

.

.

5

-w^

formerly

The same

From chp and to made of rhinoceros'

.

,

.i

as the above.

edge of a forest

j

a desert

A A

limit.

n -

.

hair lust growing on the body.

, A small

window.

wild

the

remote bounds of

.

vilization.

•

helmet,

skin.

window or

ci-

The

Tender, weak.

Designed to depict a lattice to let

in the

light.

14

, .

,

Jean

.

Fi'om conical cap

to cover, chiej, or head, and a rule. A or bonnet a crown to cap the liead, chief dress female's Lair the comb of birds.

I hei

mid hQ

mo ketsu

,

aud

six.

.

Dull, dark, obscure

From

.

to cover

From

to cover,

doleful

To

and swine.

a

to

day

spirit.

cover.

From

cover and man underneath. Odds aud ends scattered mixed hurried affairs

.

duties.

yen raboit,

injure

From

it

"

justice.

cover

and a

caimot run. To oppress, to to accuse falsely into be aggrieved

from which .

.

^ 22

.

beki

To

cover

From

to overspread

and a ciirtam.

cover

to veil.

15

,

no

bouse

ice

.

From

.

exalt.

toku

To annoy

sell.

to

and tumulus.

ice

to put to

to insult

Ice an to advance,

shame

From

and

ice

to profane

to defile

to

to treat

coutumeliously.

. Streams diverging

From

. . , .

and

ice

disperse

to

stretch.

to

doubtless,

de-

cidedly.

From

and

ice

From

cold bleak, wintry misery.

"^.

intense cold

.

V

.

to

From

afflicted

and arranged.

ice

From ice and make fresh. and chestnut

ice

. .

pure, frozen

r

in

Cold

green.

Cold,

Coia, or

.

the

From

ice

and water.

From

fresh distant to assist, I

and

From

to

ice

From

ice

cool towards

.

From

More moreover now

Coql capital. in need to trust in

ice

and

.

,

To coagulate susvect. fix : to settle.

to

to

and

furthermore

to grow.

In-

and middle.

to boil or burst over, as water to fly; dart young.

.

I

r

clear,

provide. trembling.

ice

.

C

To agitate wash away

Ice

crystallized.

tense cold, clear and cold

.1^

sad

north wind.

b

1

Intense

wife.

harsh, raw, chilly.

air

ritsu

freeze, to

freezing.

and

shivering

From

.

ice

To

east.

icy

congeal, to cool, to stiffen

nenect

elder brother. to come to

From to

ice

nnisb

and to

-

(23)

.

bin

min

ice

and

Destroyed

lyeople.

thrown iuto confusion

overthrown

.

From

a vast sheet

of water.

met

From

ice, cover,

.

b

,f

r

Cold

frigid

indifferent

day, and six.

From

.

try.

, an old form

ice

and an

order.

pure

win-

clear

still

Cold.

From

end contracted. Winter

oi

and the end ice

to store up.

.

From

.

From

ice

and

and

to adjust

altogether. to lignten

to diminish

to lessen

To approve

excellent.

allow

to to receive.

weigh .ft

ice

authorize

to

To break

ana

To

furnace

fuse metals enticing.

around.

To be exhausted

I.

.

From

fee

a founaer

to smelt

.

c

off

to abbreviate.

.

Jwi

to

to fix

From

and.

ice

faciing

falling,

all

as

old leaves.

pure

Fi'om

to

ice

wash

and quarreling.

to cleanse

.

-Isfs-O

To

if ) defile, to foul

.

From

to

ice

From

annoy

and

Cool

limpid

only.

half.

ice

and do

not.

to request.

To melt

as ice.

16

.

A stand to lean on. A small table a side table used by Japanese when sitting oil the floor.

.

inside to denote a puir. All, common, usual, vulgar mortal.

two

.

joy

peace

& .

^ ft"

^«

To

excellent

From

a bench.

lean on

From

and how.

soothing

bench auci

.

sf^wfZ

to ascend.

From

Originally

everybody Victory

balmy.

A stool,

a form,

bench and to depend on. to confide in proof, evidence.

i

(24> •t

.

JJ

From

oencii

Same

aud a horse running.

as above.

17

u

,

shutsu

. , .

,

Original form

represents stalks thrusting themselves out of the ground. To go forth, or out to produce to beget.

somethiug

fallen into evil, inauspicious cruel

-

.

-

k pit with 1 Calamity, adversity,

it.

sad.

Designed to depict an

dentation. An indentation, cavity berant convex.

in-

protu-

hole

;

,

lean

b

.

Supposed

be from man ana mortar. To infold to envelop armour liberal.

:

to

a letter

;

.

Designed to depict a Concave, hollow, iniuttiug above the surface. dented a pit anything above the surface.

totsu tetsu

18

'

retsii

rei

From

and a contracted form

of fioiving water.

rate, to distinguish

to arrange iu

a sword

To

order

sepaeach,

severally, rank.

Jin nin

11

sword witli a stain on the blade. A to kill, to edged weapons knife or sword

A

-.

slaughter.

.

kei

setsu sai

^

and

Laws

even.

penal seven.

press

to torture

, ,

to

From sword

punish

to kul

mold.

To

to carve cut sincere. earnest,

To

Fi'om knife and to urge to

mince

".

VI

tJiorn.

.

to

kill,

to sting

to

From knife and wound to examine,

to hear. I

-

4^

.

The

old form a weapon's blade and haiulle. A sword a cimeter a knife canoe a quire of paper.

.

to, at,

To knife or sword and to reach. finished to go or cotne to to attain to still but, yet from, of.

From

arrive at

;

up

a

.

25)

,

kio

and

go

, . To take hy

take aioay.

to

to snatch

openly

fuJcu

hiyd

To

full.

n

Tio

f

sicine.

To

, . . . .

degree

to trifle.

,increase

knife and to exto anuouuce

From

To

cut open

To brush

to scrub

Said to be originally the Perverse seditious restless

as sword.

,

Icaku

To

split

open

,

Mo

.

.

ment

From

.

and

knife

From

to pole a boat

,

.

latch.

spears. To spade up to cut with a weapon.

knife

and to

From

knife and to stab cut off

The punish-

ear.

cut one's throat

and spear.

From

From

A

a catch

a

knife and two to cut grain

hnife

and a stem.

to cut off the neck.

From

[

knife

a book

to lead off

.

'I

/

;

to uierce

. small boat

cJioku

From

to mutilate

of cutting off the ears.

ka

To

meces

From knife and to mark to engrave to deface.

to dig

To strike to soar. swift. to rob ji

.

m

only. To cut flesh cut wood in two.

saJcii

knife and to icipe. a scraper.

wipe out

to

unscrupulous.

san

great

.

V?

Bl

more

knife and boastful. to rip open to cut

to cut into

down.

same tan sen

and

tiger,

Jcnije,

unhappy

sad

From

R^l

cho

sen

From

From

n

satsii

setsu

as above.

to second substitute.

vice

(jeTii

ko

aid

amine

su'ord to rob

hurried.

The same Idem.

From

violence

knife

and belonging

to.

To

cut up the ground.

, 2)ri)ice.

To

.

cut open

. to split

From

laiife

and a

to tear assunder

to wedge. Jcei

and

From

clean, as fish

and baton. To cut to butcher to stab.

Icnife

open

I

26

(

)

o 7-

Hrt

.

-fe

To cut hew off gai

From

and

knife

.

;

^^^\\

From

Bfl

M!j

to

off

and how. To a bil hook

hiife

rub or sharpen a knife carefully assiduously, diligently to remove. soliu

change.

to

the flesh from bones, to scrape reject. to pick or dig out

.

From knife and prerule a pattern then, in consequence in that case, therefore, next reason.

A

cious.

:

sen zen

"

.

A:

fJU

Originally a boat and to stop above it, then kni.fe was added. In front of before, in time or place to advance formerly.

' ,.

betsu

To

besides.

.

separate

to leave

From

knife

unlike

and

besides

moreover. sho

From

Icnife

the commencemeut clothes the beginning.

begin

han

, , .

To aucl garment. to cut out at first

'

To divide in half. to decide. verdict and

. From

twain

to judge

knife

to

]om

:

]catsu

if

~^IJ

cut

to gash

3 a horary character. ing oppressive.

firm

'

t

6 SJ

IJ

sen

"^

.

From

even

-

likeness.

,To

afflictions.

From

knife,

to cut out

carve

ana

insult-

From

To knife and not. to lay open. to decide

To cut on even, regular.

and to aavance.

.

to shear

to intercept

from

cut or mi'e off

, .

From

to erase

knife and to extort

debility.

sei

zai

kuifc

.

To

to infuse.

From

to judge

two

split in

and

to injure

knife and a hill. just unyielding recently

stiff

now. ^

To

.

ft -o

Hard

'"e

Fi'om

to take off

To trim

to cut even

to

From

knife

compound

and

even. to

a dose

adjust. sail

. amend

tei

From

.

to

knife and register. to reject.

To pare

to

expunge

From

shave the bead.

knife

and

brother.

To

shave, to

1

(

27

.

,

,

From sword Sharp advantageous happy, fortunate, gains, benefit, interest on money.

ri

and harmony, contracted.

To

to enter.

/

, . ,. .

.

n OO

J

08

Fi'om knife and to apportion, to share.

separate

A wound made

granary. prop.

set

sicord and to cut a

by a knife

From knife and ', Eule, to regulate to hinder

incomplete, altered. to pare to invent.

.

From

:

kai

From l:nife and blades of shears: mow; to kill to cut off. . From knife and thousand.

To

cut grass, to

To

cut, to carve

kan JiaTiu

,

,

'

ennrnve. To flav to extort to wane.

to

-

,, To

nest.

To

. .

oft'

satsu

to put

From

to split

.

From

From

and

knife

to

degrade

and

sicord

to scatter

Jcnife

and

to sit.

To

not.

to divide.

From

hiife

to trim

corners

and to

Fi'om knife and

Buddhist monastery

. . .

to chop.

to destroy

.

cut crosswise

to lop

to

to cut

attack

extirpate.

/

hew

, '

to erase

cut

file.

to

contracted. spire a tope

Jcill,

or

pillar,

covering the ashes of priests.

zan

From

and

knife

wily.

To

cut

to

cut into.

From

hi

nose satsu so

knife

to stitch iu

From knife to embroider

katsu

To

tongue.

even

pare

.

off.

To

character auii metal. kai

off

the

&nd joined. To prick a document a con-

.

to arrange

From

knife and to rub to ex-

to scrape off

riu

times

To cut

nose.

.

tract.

tort

and

to torture.

to

From

kill

knife, a liorary

a halberd in old

wish another's death.

From knife and already. To wound by a sudden cut or stroke, as wlieu a knife slips.

cho cut open

. to cut.

From

sivord

and omen.

To -

, .

katsu

^

fjetsu

gotsu

From knife ana lucky. To brand or tattoo the face, as punishment to flay the skin from the face.

.

From

feet at the ankles,

and moon. To cut an ancient punishment.

ana

An

Icnife

sho to viultiphj.

ments, leavings hen

, .

.

what

off

From

the

knife

overplus, a residue

frag-

to retain.

is left

From

and

Icnife

A

all.

two-edged sword, a rapier, a straight sword, a claymore a blade, a trusty weapon. 19

II

.

o

represented force

U

.

,

From

merit

The

spirit

Meritorious strength and work work virtuous achievements. .

.

.

From

.

I

and

rising nn. Brave courage soldierly firm, undaiiuted.

rr

.

,

hotsu

.

From

To attempt

From

7/

.

stiff.

,

Swift, fast

stroigth. rei

rai

^^

to

st)-ong

daring

strength and

come or

flurried

to order.

steady

urgent.

From

strength

.

Stroug, robust

streams.

7t

and

streufith

an ordiuance

,

-

to

func-

From

fearless

plantx suddenly shooting up. Suddenly to change color, confused. rai

and

strength

business

Frorn strength and slilL Inpower; strength splendour

authority circumstances. fluence

1:::

nerve.

effort

encourage one. To strive after tion duty concerns. sei

form power

original

Muscular

tendons.

mental energy

service

n

the

violent

and

overbearing

From

the triplication of to exhibit strength.

.

From

strength and to to incite

To animate to encourage oppress. to exert one's strength. *

lean

.

Fi'om

To compare evidence streufHh an I veru. investigate diligent, able, adequate.

,

lo

'

To take by stremith and to take away. violence to rob hurried au era suffering.

From

•

(29 cinoku

)

.

f

Imperial orders

3 seki.

if

shaku

lyj

From

From

.

strenrjth

Zealous, prompt

aud respomible.

conduct worthy

acts

.

From

. .

•slid

and a phonetic. Adequate to worthy of; to elevate, to raise

-ft

,

>

and

to hide.

To bin"

a bnale

engrave

Ml

,

From

From

strength

.

From

1

.

and a icaterfall. To exhort admonish to instruct to encourage

•

strength

to bridle • to restrain to force to strangle. •

•

From

to advise to praise.

.

m

From

strength and brilliant, coutracted. To toil to trouble one grieved careworn worthy actions.

TO

.. ;

+

kin tenacious

Laborious

clai/.

attentive, kind

"^

ficial

To

.

help,

strength.

, aud do

ho

not.

Fi'om strength and

ailigent at one's DOst

to stir up.

jurthermore.

3

mo

strength

to increase

to bear, sustain to win.

strenath to

and

strength

and mouth. To add to advance more to inflict impulse.

roku

of

unreasouable.

,

ka

to bind.

decrees.

Merit praiseworthy reward. saltan'.

and

strength

To

invite

aid

Fi'om strength and to succor bene"

.

From

to enlist

strength

to circulate

public invitation.

'.

From

strength and to blend. labor earnestly, especially in the army to imitate merit effects proofs.

To

.

koku

ways.

From To

.

ertion.

kai lioku

Jcun

:

strength and ccq) arranged in two to stimulate, to urge to ex-

excite

From

strcnr/th

and

a horary character. To imlge to examine into diligent in discharge of duty. to impeach tt—Jl T*

torious

merit

Wieliort

action.

Fi'om strength and vapor. put forth for one's kiug

Meriloyal

P

30

. .

,

to

From

to stir agitated.

to restless

hen

me 71

To

evade.

urge

From

one's

lorce

.

persuade

to

strength and hear v. to set ou foot mov-

move

^xo excite

able

)

strength

and

constrained

sell

to

to

to animate.

From strength and a sentence^ as phonetic. Anxious labor distress toil of a severe kind in obedience to duty.

Jill

so

.

Txun

effort

To

nu

to trouble

From

.

strength

and

light.

strength and vapor. IMeritorious loyal merit.

From

strength

.

exert one's strength

retsu

.

lien

and female

slave.

effort, exertion.

From

Infirm, weak humble, poor scarcely vile, degraded.

A

From to toil at

put forth for one's king

,

do

,.

Nimble

next.

slid

strength

and few.

inadequate

barely,

From

bond, a deed, contract

strength and roll. section written evi-

dence.

20

.

futsu

rem'escnt a flag witn three vennons. not, do not, not having. of negation

hotsu

, .

ho

kid

thorax ho

,

From to

to

assume

The infold and to lose. affections brawling.

Originally contracted from a sentence. to exclude to hook to entice

To to

to inveigle.

inside. •

To dip a spoonful

ho

To

Flora to wrap, with a dot to ladle out with a spoon a

. .

crawl, as

strive for.

1

. up

adverb

'

little

1)11

to

Au

bosom

off

reject

'

From

the breast,

fj].

mark

ho

'

infold and sdj. To wrap up, to fold to undertake a wrapper bundle.

hill

shaJiu

Supposed to

to follow. I^rora to tvrajy and first. to lie prostrate to

an infant

From to envelojye ana gourde calabash or bitter squash, anciently use^for clriukiug and making musical intruments a garglet shaped vessel. rf

,

contracted.

A

31)

To ask alms,

lost.

a mendicant.

to beg

From

to

to request

wrap and •

to give

.

5

To

i

two, or to divide.

fall

.

in

Mil

•

From to n-rap and wide. prostrate to crawl on the hands and knees • to relieve others.

fuJcu

hoku

.

, ,

katsu hai

.

From

to infold

and

a little

to

a wrapper

a

Eaual, even, aiiKe

divicie.

To wrap,

.

envelop

to

bundle. "Fi'am

envd oping and man. To incubate,

on eggs, as a bird

to sit

to batch.

21

.

o

a

mm back to

.1

.

,

alter

to

spend

to

he.

metamorphosis.

.

.

To

From

ladle

and

a

a key Avhich in China resembles a spoon.

spoon |pj

From

ladle and man. to transform to convert

to change alteration

tea

• uortbern to the the capital conquered.

northwards

north

Designed to represent two

The north

oack.

From

ladle

and man.

,

The same

as the

character next to the above.

.

The character delinA ladle in poorlv printed books eates a spoon. used as a sign of repetition.

hi

22

.

,

Id

and honorable or door

b

a press

dear,

a chest T=J

.

and gal

not.

From a receptacle case with arawers or a treasury exhausted.

a

.

From a receptacle

A bamboo

square covered basket no, not so, is not.

banditti

From a receptacle and an ax. chanic an artificer oue who makes requiring skill.

•

A

ille-

me-

things

From -

IM

a receptacle ana king. rice or millet right liver not upriglit.

.t

.

to right

square

to de-

a receptacle and a dish or also. A a dish with partition for dirty water.

From

Avash-basin

Square box for cooked

c

(32) rp.

ko

of a small size to inclose.

,

wai

a case and a scale. A chest • a coffer press • a case for

From

.

trunk books

.

J

of vase or box letter of credit.

ren

From

a receptacle and a napkin. To go round, as the heavens. To perform a row. a circuit a side

80

.

'

-

From

to gurgle

.

a hox and eddy A sort to deposit a draft a .

From

case

and

all.

A

case

containing a looking-glass.

b

toku

A

,

case, or

or bowl

From

a case and to .flow smoothly. a sheath a coffin a charger a receptacle for books.

drawer 23

.

a

ku

Mu

A

big wine jar secrete : to elude.

o

if.

"T?"^ ma

y

many

sorts inside.

ing

a hamlet

A

From

to bide

From

7}f .

to conceal and clandestine to

to conceal

and

place for storing or concealsmall to assign a

to sort

, .

line of division.

nitsu

t:

and

From

to

A

piece of silk a pair, two a husband, or wife friend to unite.

hen

eight.

. , , receptacle with

mate

From

to conceal and a tahlet. a slice a tablet. a signboard

Flat like a plate kei

conceal

Intended to represent a

a

lid.

A

case or coffer for storing

tilings.

24

From

•

a horizontal and perpendicular

Decimal

line joined.

ten.

'. Supposed to be from tm with mati over it. Thousand many indefinite number very, earnestly, perfect.

nan

Original form plants bursting forth and. to face leaning towards tlio south. The south or go south southern austral summer.

.

ha 11

divide in two part of. sotsu ten

, under

finish

•

rrom a half

Ti

'

,

clothes.

to die

To divide and ox. a large piece of greater to

•

Lictors, soldiers

sudden

a company.

Originally to to stop

•

33

(

hi

b

'

t:

'^Y"

V From

contracted, and first inferior, mean, base,

left,

humbie

above. Low, lowly,

.

vile.

sho

A

form like a peck measure. to accumulate to advance

.

in

A

The

measure

original a pmi j

•

to ascend.

horizontal and two pei'pendiculai, lines tens combined making twenty a

Two

joined. score.

haku

.

1

Extensive universal learued. to play ed.

From

ten

and extend-

profound

j

to barter

(JO

Noon,

•

11 to

1 o'clock

horary character.

•

taJiu

From

•

,

establish kid

make

to

To harmony

.

firm

To

early and spoon.

eminent

From

profound.

ten

and strength

up

to drag or

to double respect assist.

fold

triplicated.

pull

•

•

From plants and spouting. A general term for plants and herbs, especially small

ki

•

ones.

25

.

holxU

Supposed to

re-

present the veins in a tortoise shell as the heat develops them. To divine to conjecture to guess divination.

,

sen

to wait

.

•

divine bv casting lots divination.

.

',

-fc

'

to

.

Hurry, hastv

and

to divine and a baton. divine to cast future

From all

•

divine

to encroach

From

Divining marks events a sign. ben

To

To

mouth.

•

to divine and perhaps cover. a rule • a law perturbed.

A

so satsu

From

iu

From to divine and a cause. Ancient tankard of copper, with cover and bail, containing the fragrant spirits employed iu wor-

to

.

station

•

and above.

divine

a pass

guard -house, a

a barrier.

sacrificial

ship.

26

V shohu soku

(nlJ

3

,

.

From

a seal

sort of svoon. Now immeaiately then near; urgent if, to go, with, this, that is, etc.

aud a

34

'

'

hen

|1>

kan

From a neal and a Boiled XI P a scroll • a section a book • a chapter classifier of books. roll.

•

,

in

*

.

From

.

hi

an

From

signet

official

•

to

man on hazardous

a limit and a

High, dangerous

top of a ledge. to ruin. sick

A

a check and claws.

stamp

seal, to seal j to print a type.

.

Maliu

From

knot

or seal and to go. But, nevertheless, then, therefore really to refuse. sholcu

soku

i|

. From

sc(il

and

ran kei kio

tials title

.

From

and an object. A noble, a lord a term ol respect.

. '

sJia

To to stop and noon. to unroll. deliver over to go

and

Great, Ligh even. the head in expectation.

kid

Infirm, poorly

officer.

; ^ .

official

a seal, to leave to

From

a seal

strenuous

I

From

IfSli^.

gu

creden-

an

From

lay aside

weary

to raise

a seal and an troublesome in

.

distress.

,

The old form like an open a period of time east • 5 to 7 a.ni morning • a day a term door.

shd

is

Designed to represent two eggs. Eggs roes of fishes. testicles of animals

rf.

of birds

bd

Tbat

sort of spoon.

BOW, near, immediately.

3

•

From

a seal and

From

a seal and to startle

to

call.

High, as in

virtue.

gaJcu

.

fjl setsu

1J

of the

The

palate

mouth.

.

Au Intended to represent a stamp. seal or signet, made of stone, horn, and

officer's

metal.

27

-

ketsu

That one it

fjcn

,

that

a waste

:

man

•

to

.

to stop

From short

and

a

cliff

•

he, she,

bow the head.

.

contracted. Origin again. a common

From

cliff

natural

and a

really

say,

and

timate

ana

good

•

well

•

large

From

liberal

•

sheltei; to kind • in-

to esteem.

•

Fi'om a precipice to bate to

Disgust,

sufficient.

reject

. '. .

Thick

son.

disdain

-

•

satisfied.

tilled,

and a

sting coutracted. to rub sharp violent

From

A

whetstone

to

commence

a

cliff

to grind to stimu-

late.

.

ka

aim

and

cramped,

mi:)edecl

seal.

From

a

c

distressed,

ill-

used. shi

ka sa

^

From

^IJ.

a high brink

to cleanse

.

From

.

a mansion

ten

twins

From

privy .

shelter and a village. To subto govern name of coin

a pair.

. Foragers

servants

and slash

to serve.

.

A

ride.

room

shi

a

and

edge of a bed.

and summer. A great house an out-bouse.

shelter

a side regulate

to

ject

shelter

From

shelter

From

shelter

and

confusion, uproar

*

and wagon.

this.

to cut

•

name

Man's

,

joyful.

.

From

and

shelter

old.

a

r

T«

From shelter and to stcnid waiting. A place for killing and cooking animals a kitchen case for books, clothes, crockery, etc. I

put away

.

stable

to carve

•

a large stone.

From

shelter and to finish a meal. a stall ^vhei'e horses are housed.

A

28

S

and

great.

leave former.

.

gone,

From

stem'!) Ufjht, contracted,

vise

to

From

to depart

past,

or heart. sail

To

perverse

to go

awav

and streambiq

To be concerned with to mix three confused. The same as above. •

join

. liair

to ad-

•

, .

rui sati

The same as several.

s7ii

bo

above.

.

Three

sign 01 a blank to be

tbricc

Private filled in.

several times;

selfish

used as a

k

.

Fi'om nine and perverse. spear whose head has three edges like the beech-

nut

foot-prints.

29

hcuid tvn m(n and, with, at, to

.

-

contain

From

,

endure

to

•

,.

to bring

and to

.

•

fall, as ripe fruit, and receive • to accept to to suffer to succeed • inherit.

to

To

j

From hand and

to covet

to

to select

To turn back

Jiand.

to rebel

Fi'om

to arrive at j up to* about, also to connect with. effect

contracted.

boat,

V

To

but,

To take

ear.

.

assume

to seize.

From

to return

•

cliff

contrary

on the contrary.

.

From two hands, a • a friend, comthe same pauion, associate j triendly, heartily to blend. One

]oinea.

mm

of

.

hail

and

To

half.

, ,

to emigrate

Jo

From hand

or to turn

from

rebel, to resist separated to desert brilliant.

arrange in order

. to

From hand and chat

discourse,

.

order, rank.

I.

To

series

From hufhy, above, and to n at her together oelow. A bushy collected thickly crowded as shrubs place assembled in a crowded manner.

so

su

'

,

.

An

old person venerable, sir.

Fi'om

term

,

From eye, a holloio Clever, bright, shrewd, valley, contracted. astute, discreet, profound. and

.

A

surname

to

borrow

. '

_/

t /

M

To

of the hand when farther, more, moreover, also, but, while.

fiiiners

to

wrap up.

restrain

to transfer.

represent three Again the

tortured.

hand

IJI

hand under mortar. an old man

of respect for

.

,

^

•I

.

From V e u hand added to an older form of it. Uncle to a squire. collect, to hoard a term of respect

shiJni

To

.

still

more, and,

From hand and

to harvest

receive to conclude. to involve

•

to

bma

A

(37)

P

.

The

fin-

gers crossing each other. To clasp the hands a fork to interlace the fingers prong crossroads.

^

the hand.

.

Representing 7m Us growing on Claws of animals talons of birds to

scratch, to claw, to grasp.

30

P 3

worthy

•7V

ko

^

.

then,

office V

To be •

competent,

proper,

fit,

From willing

if.

From

an

to direct

To

prince reversed.

an

.

not.

so

interrogative,

and

ten.

control

officer.

,

To deny

and

to refuse

From month

not

•

whether or not.

not

if

!

'

not

'

From mouth

3

Ancieni old, antique, former hoar j accustomed to. •

.

old sai

An

,

go

to excuse to resist.

five.

delay

to

I my

to

guard

to

.

,

defend —

and

rooiinded.

an interrogative im-

From mouth and

impede

grow

to

•

From mouth and

exclaiualion of praise plying doubt or conviction.

don

.

V mouth and a sign or may, cau, might, could

ft

From mouth and To swallow, to gulp to absorb to seize on and swallow up to appropriate to grasp. heaven.

to

From mouth and

.

gorge

spit out

to disclose,

earth.

to

To vomit

to disto tell all to

open

]

han

From

mouth and

To

all.

call after

an angry scream

the noise of angry and loud calling

.

a call

a

cry.

shitsu

.

rei

•

To

cry

blurt out

to

Fi'om mouth and seven.

out at to scold to hoot at angrily order another.

From mouth and

to

strength.

ing or living apart separate, by itself another, besides to divide in two.

.

ei

or

hum

words

:

From

distinct

To sing moHtlt and Jiowing on. to chant or intone the

in a drawling time

a ebaut.

Dwell-

•

p

38

(

P .

tei

and

From mouth

To

state to a superior to complain fatter. to a plea, a statement to hand in a petition to offer to show to discover. to

.

ratsu

From mouth and inhuman.

To

talk fast a final particle indicating certainty, or having finished.

.

-ft

S

band

I

of music,

gives joy

From month and

doy, delight

glad

•

An

oiie.

From

magistrate,

officer,

subordinate or secretary in

,

1

in

after the

a record executive,

to rule.

office

From month and

•

One who

director.

orable

a that Avhich

to rejoice. •

ana

•

honored a sovereign honname, answers to gentleman to is

rule.

From month and

• CCQ

words

o

.

brother

hand. noble

,

fswffcric

tsu

summon,

to

The

'

band

right violent.

,

distant

.

stable.

•

support

From good

.

shi relish, as

I'elicitv,

,

From

prosperity

^

From

good living

greedy

•

.

•

old and to propitious'

From

cerning

f iri

•

. A twittering sound

hi relish.

kio

To blow with respiration

add to

From mouth and

to

From

ais-

viouth and near.

murmuring, humming sound

.

Taste, flavor, smell t-

happy

to know mtuitivelv Wise, sage versed in, fully aware of.

to speak low.

mi

to

sensual.

. snav.

•

•

viouth and old mem. To to indulge to delight in

tetsu to

high,

viouth and scliolar. elegant

prosperous

*

and (I hand of music. Good, excellent, please, to rejoice iu to praise.

•

by

-

. Great

borroio.

in

call

From mouth and

to aid,

ka

ha

To

.

From able repeated. An elder a term of respect, also of sneering.

•

Fortunate* felicitous advantageous.

chi

knife

to invoke.

to cite

From mouth and relish,

.

seasoning

not yet.

dainty

to

From mouth and empty.

the breath

commend

to breathe to puff.

softly

(39) To

P

.

bia

From mouth and

to order enjoin, to

heloiiffinrr to.

another to do

31

.

neigliiug oi a norse clashing, clattering noise.

From mouth

.

craunch

to seize

and

engage or ask

From mouth and

The

tJiis.

to

a hoarse, crashing,

To gnaw

teeth.

.

From mouth

second. Dumb to keep silent noise of crows, or boys studying.

and

.

From

a sachel and

.

,

a purse

sack

to

with the teeth.

confused

A

to praise.

bag, a

to put in a bag.

salary, property

From mouth and

be-

ginning. To feed an infant with a spoon to give to eat as birds do to chew a mouthful.

.

1^

From month and

The

hour.

to frighten.

lips

From

•

gape or open the mouth

viouth

and

gaping

hi

to eat

From mouth and great. to apply the tongue to anything.

.

a a final particle finishing the sense. lib

tooth,

.

Je

From mouth and

high.

To

To be

lick

afraid

to fear, to dread.

.

From mouth and

p

or to engage,

.

.

T>

To

belonging

.

From mouth and the lips

to

.

order,

a seal.

humbly bristle

a beak, a snout, a

'

F

To

From mouth and

tap to ask to strike lightly spectfully to bow low. bird's bill to wrangle.

to.

up,

re-

A

mouth

From mouth

re-

peated and king. A grave and serious manner startling, awe-struck.

.

-

ami

to

promu Jge.

of stern virtue

Crvmg

.

of

mtants

to fear.

From mouth and

a slight contempt to look pleased.

smile

From mouth a holy man

Avitli

west.

To

a sneering smile

From month iUustrious, as the phonetic. Anger angry tones to threaten to alarm a superlative.

and

11.

and

Jtole.

feline beasts

The ;

From month

cries of animals, as cattle and the voice of anger.

(

p

From mouth and

da na

p A

which.

final particle denot-

an interjection

ting certainty

an interrogative.

.

ku

An

mouth and the breath going out. like, ugh dislike also of grief

.

ha

From mouth and

.

breath.

katsu satsu

name

iov plants.

and

two

A

pj

expel the

From mouth and

a general

shoe.

.

loud noise.

From

Wise sage

scholars.

.

alas

To

tetsu

p

From

interjection

•

two mouths

to

know

in-

tuitively, versed in.

31

;

a

T

.1

ft

From mouth and

The sides of mouth and

ear.

the mouth the space between the the ear8 to turn the head.

.

a,

From mouth

and a gem. Wanton enticing sounds sobbing, whining lascivious music.

to coax

From

e.

-I

ana

vioutli

angry

filial.

pant

.

tft ,

To howi

gasp

to bellow

to roar

to breathe hard.

From

7/1011 t/i

and

to

To

pick.

call

to cry out cries or voices of animals, or birds to coxnmaud. to

-0

1

i

. , , . e

An

From mouth and

interjection expressing joy pleased delighted. to laugli

joy. tion

.

From month and

s>

To expel the breath

to

scokl

u

n

From

month and to blame. To cry and bawl rel meddlesome to praise an uproar.

i

ta

charm, a

spell,

. To oppose

to refuse

From I

.

cule, to jest upon, to laugli

hon

(

A

vioHth and do not.

to object

From mo lit] and

chid

to quar-

. From mouth and earth, enchantment.

futsu hitsti

can.

angry

to get

.

to please.

^ ^

and indigna-

contrary

morning.

to.

To

aud joke with

ridi-

sailing.

From mouth and

to

(idoni or cat. To spurt, to expel the oreath forcibly to snort, to hoot a puff, as of steam.

.

,

taku

To

toku

peck, as a fowl

From 7/ioi and

.

plume. tetsu setsu

11

viouth and to connect. taste

to sip, to

suck

a j)//7.

a bird picking up food

From

To dnuk with a noise to kiss.

to

to

7

,

(")

p hai

bark of a dog animals

bet

nan

.

Fi'om month and dog. The bark, to yelp, to bowl, as canine to

Incessant talking

soittlt.

ha

and

. .

From wouf/

e aucl

gabble.

From hand

Large mouthed.

to adltere.

.

ha

I5l

The

^ V =f p

i

From mouth and

desire for food to long for to feel grateful for ashamed.

icnife.

to

.

,

to

From can, reversed. or can not ought not

may

Insufrerable do not, then, forthwith,

aadictea

From mouth and

,

To

nail.

enjoin on one.

U

From mouth and

S

"

,.

rets It

tei

1

chi

of birds

A

kid

, .

.^

ki tetsu i

tai

From7Houi/i andarra??/7