Drug Identification Bible Fourth Edition [4 ed.] 0963562630, 9780963562630

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DRUG

IDENTIFICATION BIBLE FOURTH EDITION

PIERCE COLLEGE LIBRA! PUYALLUP WA 9837 LAKEWOOD WA “493

PIERCE COLLEGE LIBRARY PUYALLUP WA 98374 LAKEWOOD WA 98498

DRUG IDENTIFICATION BIBLE Fourth Edition Tim Marnell, Editor

Published by: Amera-Chem Box 518 Grand Junction, Colorado 81502

TEL FAX

800-772-2539 970-256-7038 800-852-7870 970-256-7308

Drug Identification Bible Fourth Edition Copyright © 1999

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced ortransmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system without permission in writing from the publisher.

Published and distributed by: Amera-Chem Box 518 Grand Junction, Colorado 81502 TEL 800-772-2539 970-256-7038 FAX 800-852-7870 970-256-7308

ISBN 0-9635626-3-0

Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 97-091535

The purpose of this publication is to serve as a preliminary field identification aid. While every effort has been made to reproduce the drugs pictured throughout this book in an accurate manner, variations in size and color may exist because of the

photographic reproduction or printing processes. There is always the possibility of transposition and/or typographic error. There is no substitute fora chemical analysis of an unknown drug by an authorized laboratory. Information provided is advisory only and not intended to replace clinical opinion. The editors do not assume any responsibility for any errors or inaccuracies contained herein, or any use the reader makes of the information provided. Any application of this publication is at the readers risk.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Appreciation is extended to the following individuals, without whom this project could not have been completed:

Casey Clark R. Ph.

Mel Galbraith R. Ph.

Dave Scherman R. Ph.

Duke Fleetfoot

TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION sore te tacatctd tcetrset cer sctct rec peaet seen mnt ren ene eer gr et, a 1 THE CONTROLEED SUBSTANCES ACT veer ccr et eee: tee eere ree 2 PRESCRIPTION DRUG MARKINGS AND LOGOG. .............:ccccccssscessssessecessesees 6 CONTROLLED! PRESCRIPTION DRUG PHOWOS mens cn eee tee ee 350 CONTROLLED) PRESCRIRMION DRUG OSE Freee ekcccte tercsessesscesscees-eee 401 ILEIGET. DRUGIPHO LOS aia emrietrccecer reece tere eee earner, cee 467 Amphetamine / Methamphetamine ..............::cccsscccsssssessessesssssessscensacesesees 467 Anabolic Sterolds 7 ote cece ccc tttee cour tancrseceea tee neem atene sete ceeeaeer eeee ae 478 COCAINE ear eer estes putes anonee ee eee ce oriencscece Chee otro te eece st ane ea 481 DeSIQNOR DIGS oita. cates neces tenteusttid taccestcee eee epee teste nace ae 502 GAB ria cas sacecis- ncasannesexasswanshceapcrtucccscus riesceesvgar Onereae etmen aaa. eeee 505 PICTOU Se tices cat Seoliasarte case scene eA aes ea ee See ee wa 506 PDO GAG: Fee Si see ee that oh ea ee ses cataaee cease eee ae 524 K@EAITHIMG 22, Sn catasksncecestectotcveeteeceysc covacbucscescrcel Oeeeteneet eee ee ee ee 525 ee Gal FUGIIS Aa ecto reat: aacemerenven. ten tacts eaae see aN rast oes coc ae 526 LSD eeceereresetscBcuot cos seeneetee sectace teate, sect enevanei tak ietenee rue eee. pe ae 547 Marijuana .............0: e eERenSRenttenate ores tentec otter can rac seecesecegeee esate cetera Tee 553 MethaQuaIONO ccc sssee cere reat erertce acre ceteschetsaresevacarcaseress en ee 575 PoCTea rete sccr sherco ctusertanc san caticaarante< varetassstet ci ovaneeetese reer eine ee 576 ROY OUG erates sucacees careneneeneeapa tte coenteaes cuasc-wantter cee seer cuc sess anes Uae en 578 RSIOCYDINAMUSIIOONIS necvcas ccetenees cerecetacsstereterse. ceteca-ce terete, erent 582 FROWYDINOl cra cscrct cena otsomy eee eeta tee accteae ers ses .ccessecece oeckertecec oe tee 586 ICLICMVDRUGSLEXTht resrseccsee memeere. aise cutee. cc uenctsstesectaro tire oeceee me 587 Amphetamines / Methamphetamines..............cccccscssccsssscessccsssecessceesscensees 587 ANADOUNC: Steroids cox carecs terete scree sete Meats ss tae ae cass teaveesh eee 596 COCAING iiarcaacetteseccke sons ctente sete See ER BERN uae oe Ne eae 600 DESiQne lhDrugs tr. cota serene Le te eer et, eae 612 GHB aire cmrereteetcce se aotectte series mee treet tae eee ean oe ete cee. ce ee 616 FHGIOMN Se aeey oes cnstanceessdxahen ste caetce rena oy mete tls oahuscde nchsucose cesunececeusC coum aaa 618 KGlamineunite. retest cantante tren ccc teen sae, ae ene e eee ee 631 POQa QMS hrecect crcerrees treet acter ccceceastlennccesneteee Geert ee ee ee 633 BS)BI Aree ete aorta aire eaneenaneiid eli ae MOE ce! cai, Mite ll ih ls 658 WATIUGI ace reracct cert cee cerca enn ee tattle ee Oe ened ee 664 oO Peete HR ee eo it RR 4) Re ley re eee ete rene 680 ag=) 10): Paes tere cee Man tor ee ee eee yee ee oe ever oo 684 Psilocybin, MUShrOOM Ss aamaen tent seactctals., Peni Actas os, aan eee 688 SLANG AGLOSSAR Verton:sirtaeeiectiae alte ct! ort kSekatelys ae Heat: CobyhC8skae 692 CHEMICALSHIS TING seers meat. : Arr. eo neiteen. ot sme © Nery 1am 795 PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURERS ..............cccssscossscescsesssecsssseceeseeseees 781 POISON CONTROL CENTER Gs amemterey er yt re eee 807 URINE DRUG: DETECTION IMIS pre sen ec te eet) oer Bont 811 WEIGHT CONVERSION:CHA ERIaesererer ernst ronan kee ttn ne erence 812 SUGGESTED-READING i eeeergr es one cc eee ee ee ee ree 813 INDEX seatsesscdscnasieaaicsteoteast ster eate nes Uhre” sectns seme eiees eos sae eaten

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INTRODUCTION Controlled drugs appear in hundreds of different forms. Nowhere could we find a complete publication which attempted to fully document the current drug scene with the use of color

photos, combined with information on street prices, purities, packaging , methods of use,

slang, and other factual information.

This void lead to the production of this book. Where were parents, educators, law enforcement

personnel, and individuals with a personal interest in drugs to locate answers to the questions

“What is it?", "What does it look like?", and "What does it do?". Hopefully the reader will find

the Drug Identification Bible to be of help in answering these questions.

Three sections of the Drug Identification Bible are devoted to the identification of tablets and capsules. The section on Controlled Prescription Drugs shows full color/actual size photos of over 700 prescription tablets and capsules that are controlled by the DEA. The section on non-controlled and over-the-counter drugs lists marking and logo information on approximately 10,000 items. The listing of pharmaceutical manufacturers provides yet another resource to identify an unknown tablet or capsule. All major illicit drugs are included in the photo and text sections. Where possible, the pictorial path is shown for each drug: how it is grown, produced, distributed, packaged for sale on the street, paraphernalia associated with its use, methods of ingestion, etc. Each ofthe illicit drugs are discussed in detail in the text section.

A comprehensive list of over 1,300 chemicals that may be used in the illegal manufacture of drugs is also provided, as well as a listing of Poison Control Center telephone numbers for the United States and Canada.

between drug users.

The last section, slang, deals with communication with and

The word "drug" often evokes an emotional response from different sectors.

In this book,

every effort has been made to present factual information to the reader in an unbiased and truthful manner.

The editors will strive to make future editions of the Drug Identification Bible the most complete and up-to-date text available.

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THE CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES ACT (CSA) The CSA is the federal law which places all controlled substances into one of five categories, or schedules, according to the drugs potential for abuse, physical and psychological dependence liability, and current accepted medical use. Schedule |, the most strictly controlled category, includes heroin, LSD, marijuana, and other drugs considered to have a

high abuse potential and no recognized medical use in the United States. Schedule I! drugs, which include morphine, methadone, and amphetamines, are primarily different from Schedule | drugs in that they have some currently accepted medical uses. The manufacture and distribution of these drugs are controlled by production quotas, security regulations, import and export controls, and nonrefillable prescription requirements. Schedule Ill, |V, and V drugs are considered in descending order to have less abuse potential and dependence liability. The CSA provides a mechanism for substances to be controlled, or added to a schedule; decontrolled, or removed from control; and rescheduled ortransferred from one schedule to another.

Proceedings to add, delete, or change the schedule of a drug or other substance may be initiated by the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), by the DEA, or by petition from any interested person: the manufacturer of a drug, a medical society or association, a pharmacy association, a public interest group, a state or local government agency, or an individual citizen. When a petition is received by the DEA, the agency begins its own investigation of the drug.

The DEA may also begin an investigation of a drug at any time based upon information received from law enforcement laboratories, state and local law enforcement and regulatory agencies, or other sources of information.

Once DEA has collected the necessary data, the Administrator of DEA requests from HHS a scientific and medical evaluation and recommendation as to whether the drug or substance should be controlled or removed from control. HHS solicits information from the Food and Drug Administration, evaluations and recommendations from the National Institute on Drug

Abuse, and on occasion from the scientific and medical community at large. HHS compiles the information and transmits back to DEA a medical and scientific evaluation regarding the drug or other substance, a recommendation as to whether the drug should be controlled, and

in what schedule it should be placed. The medical and scientific evaluations are binding on DEA with respect to scientific and medical matters. The recommendation on scheduling is binding only to the extent that if HHS recommends that the substance not be controlled, DEA may not control the substance. Once DEA has received the scientific and medical evaluation from HHS, DEA will evaluate all

available data and make a final decision whether to propose that a drug or other substance should be controlled and into what schedule it should be placed.

The threshold issue is whether the drug or other substance has abuse potential. If a drug does not have a potential for abuse, it cannot be controlled. Although the term potential for abuse is not defined in the CSA, there is much discussion of the term in the legislative history of the

CSA. The following items are indicators that a drug or other substance has a potential for abuse:

THE CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES ACT (CSA) (1) There is evidence that individuals are taking the drug or drugs containing such a substance in amounts sufficient to create a hazard to their health or to the safety of other individuals or of the community; or

(2) There is significant diversion of the drug or drugs containing such a substance from legitimate drug channels; or (3) Individuals are taking the drug or drugs containing such a substance on their own initiative rather than on the basis of medical advice from a practitioner licensed by law to administer such drugs in the course of his professional practice; or (4) The drug or drugs containing such a substance are new drugs so related in their action to a drug or drugs already listed as having a potential for abuse to make it likely that the drug will have the same potentiality for abuse as such drugs, thus making it reasonable to assume that there may be significant use contrary to or without medical advice, or that it has a substantial capability of creating hazards to the health of the user orto the safety of the community. Of course, evidence of actual abuse of a substance is indicative that a drug has a potential for abuse.

In determining into which schedule a drug or other substance should be placed, or whether a substance should be decontrolled or rescheduled, certain factors are required to be considered: (1) The drug’s actual or relative potential for abuse. (2) Scientific evidence of the drug’s pharmacological effects. (3) The state of current scientific knowledge regarding the substance.

(4) Its history and current patterns of abuse. (5) The scope, duration, and significance of abuse.

(6) What, if any, risk there is to the public health. (7) The drug’s psychic or physiological dependence liability. (8) Whether the substance is an immediate precursor of a substance already

controlled. After considering the above listed factors, the DEA Administrator must make specific findings concerning the drug or other substance. This will determine into which schedule the drug or other substance will be placed. These schedules are established by the CSA. They are as follows:

Schedule | - The drug or other substance has a high potential for abuse. - The drug or other substance has no currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States. - There is a lack of accepted safety for use of the drug or other substance under medical supervision.

THE CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES ACT (CSA) Schedule Il - The drug or other substance has a high potential for abuse. - The drug or other substance has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States or a currently accepted medical use with severe restrictions. -Abuse of the drug or other substance may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence. Schedule Ill - The drug or other substance has a potential for abuse less than the drugs or other substances in Schedules | and II. - The drug or other substance has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States. - Abuse of the drug or other substance may lead to moderate or low physical dependence or high psychological dependence. Schedule IV - The drug or other substance has a low potential for abuse relative to the drugs or substances in Schedule III. - The drug or substance has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States. -Abuse of the drug or other substance may lead to limited physical dependence and psychological dependence relative to the drugs or other substances in Schedule Ill.

Schedule V - The drug or other substance has a low potential for abuse relative to the drugs or other substances in Schedule IV. - The drug or other substance has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States. -Abuse of the drug or other substances may lead to limited physical dependence or psychological dependence relative to the drugs or other substances in Schedule IV. When the Administrator of DEA has determined that a drug or other substance should be controlled, decontrolled, or rescheduled, a proposal will be published in the Federal Register setting forth the schedule for which control is proposed, or that a substance should be decontrolled, and inviting all interested persons to file comments with DEA. Affected parties may also request a hearing with DEA. If no hearing is requested, DEA will evaluate all comments received and publish a final order in the Federal Register, controlling the drug as proposed or with modifications based upon the written comments filed. This order will set the effective dates for imposing the various requirements imposed under the CSA. If a hearing is requested, DEA will enter into discussions with the party or parties requesting a hearing in an attempt to narrow the issue for litigation. If necessary, a hearing will then be held before an Administrative Law Judge. The Judge will take evidence on factual issues and hear arguments on legal questions regarding the control of the drug. Depending on the scope and complexity of the issues, the hearing may be brief or quite extensive. The Administrative Law Judge, at the close of the hearing, prepares findings of facts and conclusions of law and a recommended decision which is submitted to the DEA. The DEA will review these documents, as well as the underlying material, and prepare his own findings of fact and conclusions of law (which may or may not be the same as those drafted by the Administrative Law Judge). The Administrator then publishes a final order in the Federal Register either scheduling the drug or other substance or declining to do so.

THE CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES ACT (CSA) Once the final order is published in the Federal Register, interested parties have 30 days to appeal to a U.S. Court of Appeals to challenge the order. Findings of fact by the DEA Administrator are deemed conclusive if supported by “substantial evidence”. The order imposing controls is not stayed during the appeal, however, unless so ordered by the Court.

EMERGENCY OR TEMPORARY SCHEDULING In 1984, the CSA was amended by the Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984. This Act

included a provision which allows the Administrator of DEA to place a substance, on a

temporary basis, into Schedule | when necessary to avoid an imminent hazard to the public Safety. This emergency scheduling authority permits the scheduling of a substance which is not currently controlled, is being abused, and is a risk to the public health while the formal rule making procedures described in the CSA are being conducted. This emergency scheduling applies only to substances with no accepted medical use. A temporary scheduling order may be issued for one year with a possible extension of up to six months if formal scheduling procedures have been initiated. The proposal and order are published in the Federal Register as are the proposals and orders for formal scheduling.

CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES ANALOGS A new class of substances was created by the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986. Controlled substance analogs are substances which are not controlled substances, but may be found in the illicit traffic. They are structurally or pharmacologically similar to Schedule |or II controlled substances. Acontrolled substance analog has no legitimate medical use. Asubstance which meets the definition of a controlled substance analog that is intended for human consumption is treated under the CSA as if it were a controlled substance in Schedule |. i

HOW TO USE THE IMPRINT SECTION

The drug imprint list is a preliminary identification aid for tablets and capsules with unique imprints. Unless indicated by the word "CONTROLLED", these items are not controlled by the DEA and are not included in the color photograph section. Those that are controlled have either a corresponding page number which shows an actual size/full color photograph of the drug, or lists the drugs pertinent information, such as ingredients, Schedule classification, etc. This section is divided into two groups: (1) tablets and capsules with an imprint that starts with a number; and (2) tablets and capsules with an imprint that starts with a letter. The drugs are sorted in alphabetical and numerical order. For tablets which have an imprint on both sides, each side.is separated by a slash (/). For instance, if a tablet has “071” on one side and “300” on the other side, the imprint would be

represented as “071/300”, or “300/071”. The brand name or generic name and the strength are listed next to the imprint, followed by the appearance of the tablet or capsule, and the manufacturer or marketer. Most imprints in this section do not include score marks or slashes. Keep in mind that although this is a very extensive list, not every drug manufactured is included in this section, and several manufacturers may have the same markings for different drugs. The information concerning drug imprints is for preliminary identification only, and any identification must be confirmed by chemical analysis by an authorized laboratory. i

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or Mescal Tree of Mexico and the desert southwest produces a toxic ' seed that reportedly was used as , an hallucinogen among Indians of Mexico and America. Called the _mescal bean, a fatal overdose may involve ingesting only part of a single seed. Pictured at left is a mescal bean and seed pod.

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LEGAL HIGHS < _Aselection of tablets and capsules that contain such ingredients as caffeine, phenylpropanolamine and ephedrine. They are sold in counterculture magazines and paraphernalia stores and are touted as being powerful stimulants, often being referred to as white crosses, black beauties, pink hearts, and other

names commonly associated with prescription amphetamines.

> One of many brands of alternative smoking blends that contain various sedating or aphrodisiac herbs, such as hops, absinthe, damiana and

Lactuca virosa. They are marketed under such names as Wizard Smoke, Legal Weed, Organja, Inda-Kind, Herba Ghani, Dream Smoke and Dragon Smoke.

Greenhouse marijuana plants with numerous well developed buds along the branches. The buds are flower clusters and appear as dense clumps of green foliage. Several dozen buds may grow on a single plant, and each bud may be several inches long. String is used in this garden to support the plants upright under the heavy weight of the buds.

WWW.CHERNIAK.COM Cherniak Laurence

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MARIJUANA » An indoor garden that utilizes reflective material on the walls for more efficient use of lighting. Note the younger plants on the upper shelves and the more mature plants on the lower level. Many indoor growers stagger plantings and harvests to allow year-round cultivation and sales.

> This indoor garden utilizes a tank of COz (carbon dioxide). COz occurs naturally in the atmosphere, and increasing the

amount of COz in the closed environment of the growing area dramatically increases the rate at which plants grow. Many COz tanks are equipped with timers or sensors to adjust the release of the nontoxic gas to optimum levels. Smaller barbecue style tanks are also commonly used to supply a garden with COz.

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MARIJUANA

< _ Acommercially available hydroponics unit, called the Phototron, which is regularly

advertised in counterculture magazines. The Phototron utilizes several fluorescent tubes that are surrounded by reflective sheets of plastic. The Phototron is supplied with sphagnum moss and plant nutrients, and can dramatically increase the growth rate of plants.

>» Nutrients commonly used in vegetable gardens are also used for marijuana. Bat guano, fish emulsion, liquid manure, Rapid Grow, etc., are all commonly used

to increase the productivity of a marijuana garden.

< Acola, or cluster of

buds which has been manicured (the long and slender leaves removed). Larger colas can exceed two feet in length, requiring the branches to which they are attached to be supported by string.

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A Large bags of Mexican grown marijuana ready for shipment.

< Drying several hundred marijuana buds on screen racks. Marijuana buds are composed of approximately 75% water, and must be dried before being packaged and stored or will mold. A fan or heater may be used to speed the drying process. Another common method of drying buds is to hang them upside down from a clothes line. This allows the buds to dry in a full round form, rather than in a flat sided shape.

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MARIJUANA Atypical dried commercial marijuana bud. Commercial marijuana generally costs only half that of sinsemilla, generally due to a correspondingly lower THC level. Buds may appear green, brown or gold in color,

depending on the color of the plant when harvested, how the

bud was stored, and the age of the bud.

< Commercial marijuana normally has a high seed’ content. The sample pictured weighed 10 grams, 7 grams of which was plant material and 3 grams of which was seed. Because the seeds are not psychoactive and can pop when heated, most users

remove the seeds before the marijuana is smoked.

» Marijuana is typically packaged in plastic bags in kilo, pound or ounce quantities, or fractions thereof. Pictured are pound, ounce

and half-ounce bags.

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Brad Reynoso

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A Large marijuana buds packaged individually in hermetically sealed plastic bags.

Thai sticks consist of

marijuana that has been cultivated in Thailand or its neighboring countries. The marijuana is wrapped around bamboo sticks ranging from about 5" to 10" in length. Although seldom seen in the United States, Thai sticks are considered to be of very high quality.

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MARIJUANA

Aselection of roach clips,

which are used to hold the butt end of a marijuana joint while it is being smoked. This allows the joint to be smoked almost completely without burning the lips or fingers.

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Weighing out 1/2 ounce of

marijuana with a postage scale, one of the most commonly used weighing devices in the marijuana trade. Cheap, easily concealed, and relatively accurate.

< Atriple beam gram scale and 1/2 pound of marijuana. The triple beam scale is a common tool of many drug dealers, as it is extremely

accurate and easy to use. Scale standards of 50 grams, 20 grams, 10 grams and 5 grams are also shown, and can be utilized by the buyer to ensure the accuracy of the dealer's scale.

> Adugout is a decorative wooden carrying case with separate spaces for storing a small supply of marijuana and a small baseball bat shaped pipe. Due to its shape and the fact that it will hold only a small amount of marijuana in the end, this style of pipe is often referred to as a "pinch hitter" or "one hitter".

Smoking marijuana produces a thick, shiny tar residue that accumulates throughout the pipe. The residue is considered to be high in THC, and is scraped from the pipe and reused. Small amounts of resin collected from a pipe are often called "resin balls".

< Two homemade tools used to remove and collect the thick tar accumulation from the bowl and stem of a marijuana pipe.

> Some of the many brands of cigarette rolling paper which may be used to roll marijuana joints.

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565

Smoking marijuana with a bong. THC, the active substance in marijuana, is not water soluble and therefore passes through the water barrier. However, many of the harsh non-psychoactive chemicals in marijuana are water soluble and are trapped in the water.

Close-up of the residue from marijuana smoke deposited in the bong pictured above.

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